資料6-JActivity Report of Commission JJuly 11, 2018 to April 26, 2019
April 26, 2019
Kenta Fujisawa (Yamaguchi University)

EHT project

EHT press release (April 10, 2019)

Astronomers Capture First Image of a Black HoleAn international collaboration presents paradigm-shifting observations of thegargantuan black hole at the heart of distant galaxy Messier 87
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) - a planet-scale array of eight ground-based radio
telescopes forged through international collaboration - was designed to capture images of ablack hole. Today, in coordinated press conferences across the globe, EHT researchers
reveal that they have succeeded, unveiling the first direct visual evidence of asupermassive black hole and its shadow.

Scientists have obtained the first image of a black hole, using Event Horizon Telescope observations of
the center of the galaxy M87. The image shows a bright ring formed as light bends in the intense gravity
around a black hole that is 6.5 billion times more massive than the Sun. This long-sought image provides
the strongest evidence to date for the existence of supermassive black holes and opens a new window onto
the study of black holes, their event horizons, and gravity. Credit: Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration

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Activities of meetings
VLBI Science in SKA Age
Date: 2018/7/22-23
Location: NAOJ, Mitaka
Since VLBI observation techniques can achieve ultra-high spatial resolution (micro tomilliarcsecond) that can not be realized with any other method. Many of Scientific results havebeen obtained by VLBI, such as motions of matter around AGN jets, proto-stars or late-typestars are captured as moving images. On the other hand, they have always been plagued by poorsensitivity. To realize VLBI observation on a global scale by adding a VLBI function to SKA1
(aperture: 0.1 million square meters, construction will start from 2020, scientific verification in2024 and public observation in 2027), it will be possible to far surpass the existing VLBI
observation network in terms of both sensitivity and spatial resolution. Therefore, as part of thefuture plan study at the VLBI conference, we will hold a study conference focused on thescience realized by Japan contributing to the addition of the VLBI network to SKA1.

NOEMA/30m Workshop
Date: 2018/7/24-25
Location: NAOJ, Mitaka
The NOEMA (NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array) interferometer is currently the mostadvanced millimeter array in the Northern Hemisphere. The maximum angular resolution ofNOEMA is ~0.5 arcsecs at an observing wavelength of 1.3 mm (230 GHz), with receivers
operating at 3mm, 2mm, and 1mm. The number of antennas is expected to reach 12, and thesensitivity of the full NOEMA is expected to be 45-65% of ALMA. The 30-meter single dishtelescope is equipped with a series of heterodyne receivers and continuum cameras operating at
3, 2, 1, and 0.9 millimeters. The main goal of this 2-day workshop is to introduce NOEMA/30m
to the Japanese community and to discuss possible science cases through a series ofinvited/contributed talks given by our community members. Speakers are invited to express
their opinion on how NOEMA/30m time will enhance their immediate and long term science
productivity, based on the assumption that NAOJ gains access to NOEMA/30m time in the nearfuture. We encourage young scientists to take advantage of this opportunity and actively voice
their opinion.

Science Workshop on the 30-m THz Telescope in the Antarctica ~Star-Planet formation~
Date: 2018/9/12
Location: NIPR, Tachikawa
The Antarctic Astronomical Consortium is promoting a plan to construct a 30m class THz
telescope in the inland part of Antarctica where the observation conditions are the best on theground. For this time, with the support of the National Institute of Polar Research Research資料6-J

Meeting, we will hold a research meeting focusing on the formation of star and planet systems
with the THz telescope.
General Meeting of the Radio Astronomy Forum
Date: 2018/9/19
Location: Hosei University, Koganei

16th Mizusawa VLBI Observatory Users Meeting in 2018
Date: 2018/9/25-26
Location: NAOJ, MitakaMizusawa VLBI Observatory has proceeded astrometric observations with VERA to unveil 3-D
spatial/velocity structures in the Milky Way Galaxy and its dynamical evolution. On the basis ofthe activity, we have accelerated a development of KaVA (KVN and VERA Array) and EAVN
(East-Asian VLBI Network), and as a result an open-use of EAVN has been initiated since
2018B semester (observations will be allocated from 2018 September). We emphasize that thedevelopment of EAVN will promote the KaVA Large Programs in research fields of Star, AGN,and High-mass star formation, which have been initiated since 2016. In this users meeting, wewill discuss about not only exciting scientific results with VERA/KaVA/EAVN but also future
prospects of Mizusawa VLBI Observatory especially in 2022 and beyond. We hope thatreferences below will be helpful to accelerate these discussions: EAVN will be further
developed on the basis of future collaborations with JVN (Japanese VLBI Network), FAST500-m (China), and TNRT 40-m (Thailand) radio telescopes, leading improvement ofsensitivities and observable frequencies; Synergy with Gaia DR2 (opened in 2018 April) andSKA (now constructed and its operation will be initiated in 2027) has been expected.

SNR workshop 2018
Date: 2018/10/9-10
Location: Nagoya University
Supernova remnants (SNRs) are the most energetic objects not only in our Galaxy, but also inexternal galaxies, and have been observed at various wavelengths from radio to gamma-rays.
One of the most spectacular features of SNRs is the fast moving expanding shells whose
velocity is measured as ~3000-10000 km/s. Recent observations of the shells in X-rays as wellas radio continuum emission have provided a wealth of information on their physical andkinematical properties. It is also remarkable that the dense interstellar medium interacting withthe shocks is likely playing a key role to produce X- and gamma-rays as shown by comparisonswith HI/CO and dust emission. Theoretical works on acceleration and escape of cosmic rays inSNRs

areunveilingdetailsofcosmic-ray

acceleration/propagation

bymagneto-hydro-dynamical numerical simulations, which will be compared with observations.
In the present workshop, we invite observers and theorists to stimulate active interaction and資料6-J

exchange of ideas on SNRs.
Workshop on Interstellar Matter 2018 (ISM2018)
Date: 2018/11/14-16
Location: The Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University
The aim of this compact workshop is to offer an opportunity for exchange of current research
results of physics and chemistry of astronomically-relevant atoms, molecules, and ions in bothgas and condensed phases. Toward the development of interactive activation among
astronomical observations, theoretical calculations, and laboratory experiments, participantsfrom wide fields, physics, chemistry, planetary sciences, and astronomy, are welcome to thisworkshop.

ALMA Workshop: From Disk to Solar System
Date: 2018/11/21-22
Location: WTC Conference Center TokyoVLBI Consortium Symposium 2018: VLBI in SKA Age
Date: 2018/12/1-2
Location: Kumamoto University



19th East Asia Submillimeter-wave Receiver Technology Workshop &5th Riken-NICT Joint Workshop on Terahertz Technology
Date: 2018/12/11-13
Location: Kwansei Gakuin UniversityEast Asian ALMA Development Workshop 2018
Date: 2018/12/14-15
Location: Osaka Prefecture University
The main goal of the workshop is to discuss and identify development items that are critical in
the long term development and operation of the ALMA telescope. The topic of this year's
workshop is “wide IF”.

Since the hardware/software development is intimately connected tofuture science requirements, active participation by scientists is highly encouraged.
East Asian ALMA Science Workshop 2018
Date: 2018/12/17-19
Location: I-site Namba (Osaka Prefecture University)
The main aim of this workshop is to continue to promote and stimulate international
collaboration among the researchers in the EA partners, by reviewing and sharing the mostrecent ALMA science results in all relevant fields of astronomy. We plan to hold discussion資料6-J

sessions to promote closer communication among the researchers in related fields.
Radio Astronomy Forum Symposium 2018: Future Science of Radio Astronomy
Date: 2018/12/20-21
Location: NAOJ, Mitaka

2018 ALMA/45m/ASTE Users Meeting
Date: 2018/12/26-27
Location: NAOJ, Mitaka

Ibaraki University Workshop: Transient/Variable Event and Radio Follow-up
Date: 2019/2/27-28
Location: Ibaraki University

First circular of SOKENDAI-UST Asia Winter School (SAWS) 2019: Star and Planet
Formation: Key Questions and Challenges
Date: 2019/2/27-3/1
Location: NAOJ, Mitaka

Star formation with ALMA: Evolution from molecular clouds to protostars
Date: 2019/3/4-6
Location: Nagoya UniversityWorkshop: Polarimetry in the ALMA era: a new crossroads of astrophysics
Date: 2019/3/25-29
Location: NAOJ, Mitaka