資料５－Ｈ

Commission H (Waves in Plasmas) Activity Report (final)
November 10th, 2009
T. Okada, and Y. Omura

Research Topics<Akebono>

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Akebono (EXOS-D) satellite has been observing electromagnetic waves ingeomagnetized plasmas. It is necessary to know the antenna impedance of the VLF
electric field antennas onboard Akebono to calibrate the electric field component data.
Higashi et al. [2009] studied the fluctuation of the short-term antenna impedance, where
statistical analysis on the capacitance component of the antenna impedance was performed.
They analyzed data observed by Akebono from 1989 through 1995 and investigated thepossible effects on the impedance of the strength of geomagnetic field and Akebono altitudeand velocity (see Figure 1).

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Figure 1: Dependence of the antenna capacitance on the geomagnetic field,
Akebono altitude and velocity.

<GEOTAIL>GEOTAIL spacecraft has been operated since 1992. The Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI) is
continuously collecting spectrum data and high time-resolution waveform data. It is expected to be in agood condition at least until the next long eclipse in 2010. The 24 hour plots of the observed wave
spectrum data have been opened in the PWI web site http://www.rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp/gtlpwi, andhttp://www.stp.isas.jaxa.jp/geotail. Furthermore, one can easily also access the PWI 2 hour plots withfull time and frequency resolution through the above web page.

BepiColombo>
The BepiColombo is the science mission to Mercury. It is the first collaborative science mission
between JAXA and ESA. The BepiColombo mission consists of two individual spacecraft called MPO(Mercury Planetary Orbiter) and MMO (Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter). Scientists in Japan andEurope jointly proposed the plasma wave observation system called PWI (Plasma Wave Investigation).
The proposal was successfully accepted and the development of the PWI component started. The MMO
launch is scheduled in 2014. The Principal Investigator of the PWI is Prof. Yasumasa Kasaba of Tohoku
University.

1The PWI investigates plasma/radio waves and DC electric field in Mercury magnetosphere. It
consists of two components of receivers, two sets of electric field sensors, two kinds of magnetic fieldsensors, and the antenna impedance measurement system.
The PWI consists of EWO, MEFISTO-E,
SORBET, and AM2P receiver components as wellas WPT-S, MEFISTO-S as electric field sensors
and LF-SC and DB-SC as magnetic field sensors.
The engineering models of these components havebeen performed and tested in Kyoto University in
April, 2009. The test results show the good
features except for non-serious problems.
Furthermore, the thermal tests in the PWI level
have been performed in October, 2009. All of the
PWI components joined the tests and checked theirfunction. The followed environment tests of the
PWI such as the thermal-vacuum tests andvibration tests will be scheduled in November,2009.
Photo 1: Thermal tests of the PME engineering model.

<Polar Region Experiments>
Ozaki et al [2009a] suggested a new remote sensing technique for enhanced electron density in thelower ionosphere. This technique is based on the difference in the ionospheric attenuation between
VLF whistler mode waves (daytime chorus emissions) and 30 MHz CNA both observed on the ground.
They found that the both correlation has information on the vertical profile of the enhanced electron
density in the lower ionosphere caused by electron precipitation. This allows the study of the electron
precipitation in the daytime.

< KAGUYA (SELENE)>
Measurements of Radio and Plasma Waves Using WFC/LRS Onboard KAGUYAKAGUYA was launched on September, 14, 2007 in order to explore the surface distribution ofelements and minerals, surface and subsurface structures of the moon, the gravitational field, themagnetic field, and energy particles originating from the moon, as well as from solar/interplanetary
space (Kato et al., 2007). The Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) is one of the scientific instruments onboard
the KAGUYA main orbiter (Ono et al., 2008; 2009b). The LRS consists of two orthogonal 30 m
tip-to-tip antennas and three subsystems; the sounder observation (SDR), the natural plasma wave
receiver (NPW), and the waveform capture (WFC). A main objective of the SDR is to investigate thesurface and subsurface structures of the moon using an HF radar technique (Ono et al., 2009a; 2009b),
and the NPW and the WFC are designed to measure natural plasma waves around the moon and ininterplanetary space originating from the sun, from the earth, and from other planets (Kasahara et al.,2009b; Kumamoto et al. 2009). The NPW covers the frequency range from 20 kHz to 30 MHz, and theWFC covers the lower frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. The operation of KAGUYA ended its
scheduled nominal mission on October 31, 2008, and the mission was extended until KAGUYA was
impacted to the south-east of near side of the moon on June 10, 2009.
Nominal data acquisition of the LRS was performed until the observation halt of LRS due tohardware trouble occurred on September 10, 2008 (Ono et al., 2009) and the operation of the LRS was

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suspended for ~5 months. Although passive measurements by the NPW and WFC in the nominal data
rate mode of 176 kbps were tentatively recovered for ~30 hours around November 8, 2008, it was finallyfound that one of the FPGA on the DSP board for the SDR was functionally unstable. Because the DSP
board was also responsible for the NPW operation, we had no choice but to abandon the SDR and NPW
observation.
On the other hand, the operation of WFC was resumed on February 19, 2008 and the operation was
continuously performed until KAGUYA was impacted to the south-east of near side of the moon on June
10, 2009.
When the operation of the WFC was resumed, KAGUYA spacecraft had already been descended to
the 50 km altitude since February 1, 2009. KAGUYA was descended again to 10-30km in lower altitude(perilune) from April 16, 2009. As the telemetry rate was limited at 4 kbps, we firstly performed
spectrum measurement of the WFC-H with PHASE mode from February 19, 2008 to May 26, 2009.
During the last part of the extended mission from May 26, 2009 to the moment of the KAGUYA’s
impact to the moon on June 10, 2009, we also made a waveform observation using the WFC-L. The data
rate of 2 kbps was assigned to one component (WFC-H-X) spectrum in FFT mode, and the rest of 2 kbps
was assigned to waveform data from WFC-L-X below 12.5 kHz. The detailed data analysis obtained
during the extended mission is now progressing and we expect many scientific outputs such as electron
density profile around lunar wake (Kasahara et al., 2009a) and lunar ionosphere using low frequency
wave reflection (Goto et al., 2009).

<ULF Waves>
Kataoka et al. (2009) applied the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) to high-latitude search-coilground-magnetometer data at an auroral expansion onset, which data was quite fluctuative (leading to no
meaningful results when a regular FFT is applied) as in usual onsets. As a result, HHT could
automatically extract Pi 1, Pi 2, and Pc 3. Thus, Kataoka et al. suggested that HHT is useful forunderstanding the onset mechanism of auroral substorms.
The AOGS (Asia Oceania Geoscience Society) 2009 meeting was held in Singapore on Aug. 11-15,
2009. The IAGA (International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy) 2009 meeting was held in
Sopron, Hungary on Aug. 23-30, 2009. The 126th SGEPSS (Society of Geomagnetism and Earth
Planetary and Space Sciences) fall meeting was held in Kanazawa, Japan on Sep. 27-30, 2009. Thesemeetings covered a wide area of geosciences, including ULF waves, thus wide varieties of papers were
presented related to ULF waves.

<Ionospheric effects on Radio Wave Propagation>
Lightning-generated sferics observations
Koide et al. [2009] have been investigating the technique for estimating lightning current by using
the sferic wave fields. In their technique, they have succeeded in obtaining information on the
discharge duration of the return stroke that was impossible to know only from the conventional wave
field observation. They have also found that it is possible to estimate the waveform of the return stroke
current by using a nonlinear least-squares method applied to the wave field. Figure 2 shows theestimated current moment waveforms by using the direct waveforms of the observed sferic wave field.
As a result, their method has shown that the error in the estimation of the current moment is less than
10 % for the horizontal distances of the lightning over 100 km. This current estimation technique isapplied to the analysis of the natural VLF/LF harmonic waves observed in Antarctica, whose frequency
spacing is determined by the lightning discharge duration [Ozaki et al., 2009b].

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LM method
Direct wave

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Figure 2: Estimated current moment waveforms (solid line) and the direct
waveforms of the observed sferics (dotted line).

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Sakai, Mina, Terumasa Tokunaga, Teiji Uozumi, Shuji Abe, Akihiro Ikeda, Akimasa Yoshikawa, Hideaki
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Pulsations using MAGDAS/CPMN Network -Toward Construction of a new Pi 2 Index-, 126th
SGEPSS (Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences) Fall Meeting,Kanazawa, Japan, Sep. 27-30, 2009.
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Shinbori, Atsuki, Yuji Tsuji, Takashi Kikuchi, Tohru Araki, Shin Ichi Watari, Teiji Uozumi, andKiyohumi Yumoto, Magnetic latitude and local time dependence of the amplitude of geomagnetic
sudden commencements, IAGA (International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy) 11th
Scientific Assembly, Sopron, Hungary, Aug. 23-30, 2009.
Shiraishi T., T. Miyake, K. Ishisaka, T. Okada, Y. Kasahara, Y. Goto, K. Hashimoto, A. Kumamoto, T.
Ono, H. Tsunakawa, KAGUYA MAP-LMAG Team, Analysis of low-frequency plasma wave
observed by Waveform Capture (WFC) onboard KAGUYA, S001-P005, 2009 SGEPSS Fall Meeting,
September 2009, Kanazawa.
Shirakawa, Keisuke and Masahiro Hoshino, Propagation of MHD waves in differentially rotating system
and its contribution to Magneto-Rotational Instability,126th SGEPSS (Society of Geomagnetism andEarth, Planetary and Space Sciences) Fall Meeting, Kanazawa, Japan, Sep. 27-30, 2009.
Shirakawa K., M. Hoshino, Propagation of MHD waves in differentially rotating system and its
contribution to Magneto-Rotational Instability, B008-13, 2009 SGEPSS Fall Meeting, September
2009, Kanazawa.
Shoji Y M.., Omura, Nonlinear Evolution of Mirror Mode Structures: Comparison with the Magnetic
Peaks and Dips in the 3D Simulations, B008-12, 2009 SGEPSS Fall Meeting, September 2009,
Kanazawa.
Summers D., Self-limitation of radiation belt particle fluxes, B008-18, 2009 SGEPSS Fall Meeting,
September 2009, Kanazawa.
Suzuki, Takeru K., Roles of Alfven waves in determining solar wind properties, AOGS (Asia Oceania

8Geosciences Society) 2009 Meeting, Singapore, Aug. 11-15, 2009.
Suzuki T., Y. Katoh, T. Ono, N. Terada, A. Kumamoto, Numerical experiments of impedance probe
measurements in the range of the ion characteristic frequencies, B005-P044, 2009 SGEPSS Fall
Meeting, September 2009, Kanazawa.
Takahashi K., T. Miyake, T. Okada, K. Ishisaka, H. Matsumoto, H. Hayakawa, S. Kokubun, Y. Saito,
Analysis of LH plasma waves observed by Geotail spacecraft, B006-P012, 2009 SGEPSS Fall
Meeting, September 2009, Kanazawa.
Takenaka S., Y. Kasahara, H. Kojima, T. Imachi, A development of simulator for multi-satellite
mission (SCOPE), B006-P003, 2009 SGEPSS Fall Meeting, September 2009, Kanazawa.
Tanaka, Yoshimasa and Akimasa Yoshikawa, Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling in the auroral region
via Alfven waves, 126th SGEPSS (Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space
Sciences) Fall Meeting, Kanazawa, Japan, Sep. 27-30, 2009.
Tanaka R., S. Yagitani, M. Ozaki, Development of Wideband Triaxial Search-coil Magnetometer for
ERG satellite mission, B006-P001, 2009 SGEPSS Fall Meeting, September 2009, Kanazawa.
Teramoto, Mariko, Hiroaki Toh, Naoto Oshiman, and Takafumi Kasaya, Pi2 pulsations observed on theshallow sea bottom off Tottori Prefecture, 126th SGEPSS (Society of Geomagnetism and Earth,Planetary and Space Sciences) Fall Meeting, Kanazawa, Japan, Sep. 27-30, 2009.
Teramoto, Mariko, Tim K. Yeoman, Farideh Honary, and Peter R. Sutcliffe, Pi2 pulsations over a wide
region observed by the cluster satellites, HF radar, and SAMNET: The event on 5 March 2004, 126th
SGEPSS (Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences) Fall Meeting,Kanazawa, Japan, Sep. 27-30, 2009.
Terao Y., Y. Kasahara, Y. Goto, Y. Kasaba, H. Kojima, T. Imachi, Mercury Mission Plawas Wave Team,
Investigation of efficient data processing method for the PWI software onboard MMO spacecraft,
B009-P017, 2009 SGEPSS Fall Meeting, September 2009, Kanazawa.
Tokunaga, Terumasa, Akimasa Yoshikawa, Teiji Uozumi, Tomoyuki Higuchi, Kazuyuki Nakamura,Kiyohumi Yumoto, and MAGDAS/CPMN Group, An application of frequency-domain ICA toanalyze global wave characteristics of Pi 2 magnetic pulsations observed on the ground, 126th
SGEPSS (Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences) Fall Meeting,Kanazawa, Japan, Sep. 27-30, 2009.
Tomita S., K. Ishisaka, T. Okada, Y. Takahashi, T. Miyake, S. Yagitani, M. Ozaki, The development of anradio wave receiver for next Mars Lander deployment, B009-P022, 2009 SGEPSS Fall Meeting,
September 2009, Kanazawa.
Toomi H., K. Ishisaka, T. Miyake, T. Okada, N. Kitamura, A. Shinbori, T. Ono, A. Kumamoto, Y.
Nishimura, A. Matsuoka, The study of the characteristics between the spacecraft potential and theelectron density using the Akebono satellite, B006-P023, 2009 SGEPSS Fall Meeting, September
2009, Kanazawa.
Tsuchiya F., H. Misawa, S. Sato, A. Morioka, T. Kondo, Two-element radio interferometer for theobservation of Jupiter’s synchrotron radiation (I), B009-P008, 2009 SGEPSS Fall Meeting,
September 2009, Kanazawa.
Umeda T., Vlasov simulation on the interaction between solar wind and a dielectric body, S001-03, 2009
SGEPSS Fall Meeting, September 2009, Kanazawa.
Uozumi, Teiji, Shuji Abe, Kentarou Kitamura, Terumasa Tokunaga, Akimasa Yoshikawa, Hideaki
Kawano, Richard Marshall, R. J. Morris, Boris M. Shevtsov, S. I. Solovyev, Daniel McNamara, Kan
Liou, Shinichi Ohtani, Masahiro Itonaga, and Kiyohumi Yumoto, A new interpretation ofhigh-latitude Pi 2 observed at the MAGDAS/CPMN stations, 126th SGEPSS (Society ofGeomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences) Fall Meeting, Kanazawa, Japan, Sep. 27-30,
2009.
Usui H., JST-CREST Multi-scale Particle Simulation team, Interactions among an artificial small
magnetosphere, the solar wind and the injected plasmas from satellite, B008-04, 2009 SGEPSS Fall
Meeting, September 2009, Kanazawa.

9Wakabayashi M., T. Ono, T. Suzuki, Improvement in response speed of phase detection type impedanceprobe, B005-P043, 2009 SGEPSS Fall Meeting, September 2009, Kanazawa.
Walker, Raymond J., Keiichiro Fukazawa, Tatsuki Ogino, Maha Ashour-Abdalla, and Mostafa El-Alaoui,
A simulation study of Kelvin-Helmoltz waves at Saturn and the Earth, AOGS (Asia Oceania
Geosciences Society) 2009 Meeting, Singapore, Aug. 11-15, 2009.
Yoneda M.,T. Miyata, M. Kagitani, S. Sako, S. Okano, Observing program for Io’s volcanic activity at awavelength of mid-infrared, B009-P006, 2009 SGEPSS Fall Meeting, September 2009, Kanazawa.
Yoshikawa, Akimasa, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Hiroyuki Nakata, and Aoi Nakamizo, Description ofmagnetosphere-ionosphere coupled system using Alfvenic-coupling algorithm, 126th SGEPSS(Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences) Fall Meeting, Kanazawa, Japan,
Sep. 27-30, 2009.
Yoshikawa M., Y. Omura, Nonlinear dynamics of energetic electronsinteracting with whistler-mode
chorus emissions in the inner magnetosphere, B006-P027, 2009 SGEPSS Fall Meeting, September
2009, Kanazawa.

Conferences and Meetings
1) IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium 2009, Boston Massachusetts June 7-12, 20092) IEEE AP-S 2010, Toronto, Ontario, Canada July 10-17, 2010
3) International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics (ANTEM) andthe Canadian Radio Sciences Meeting (URSI/CNC), Banff, Canada July 27-30, 2009
4) AOGS (Asia Oceania Geosciences Society) 2009 Meeting, Singapore, Aug. 11-15, 2009.
5) IAGA (International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy) 11th Scientific Assembly,
Sopron, Hungary, Aug. 23-30, 2009.The 11th Scientific Assembly of IAGA, Hungary Aug. 23-30,
20096) 126th SGEPSS (Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences) Fall Meeting,Kanazawa, Japan, Sep. 27-30, 2009.
7) 2009 AGU Fall Meeting, 14–18 December San Francisco, California, USA

Acknowlegement
The editors thank Dr. H. Kojima, Dr. Y. Kasahara, Dr. S.Yagitani, Dr. K. Ishisaka and Dr. H. Kawano
for their contribution to this report.

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