Introduction of KAGRA, Status of KAGRA
Underground and Cryogenic interferometric 3 km gravitational-wave detector at Kamioka, Japan(c) KAGRA Collaboration / Rey.Hori

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Inst. Tech.)
真貝寿明（大阪工業大学）
KAGRA Scientiﬁc Congress, board chair
JGW-G2113067

on behalf of KAGRA collaboration

July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (in Korea/remote)Gravitational Wave
from binary BH-BH, NS-NS, BH-NS

typical amplitude 10-22

1. Gravitational Waves

Sources of Gravitational Waves
supernovae

pulsars

black holebinary neutron stars
binary black holes

hard to predict

too small
amplitude

too small
amplitude

The Target

signal = noise + gw
[dimensionless]

GW151226

standard way is to use matched ﬁltering techniquenecessary for GW templates in hand
http://gwcenter.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA” Cosmology From Home 2021

3

1. Gravitational Waves

What we can learn from GW (from a binary merger) ?
merger phase
振幅
amplitude



1.0

0.5

  
 inspiral


phase


ringdown
phase

0.0

-0.5

合体後の質量・角運動量mass, spin

http://ligo.org/detections/GW170104.php

重力理論の検証
test of GR-1.0

質量・スピン・軌道パラメータ・距離・潮汐力・偏光
mass,spin, orbital parameters, tidal, distance, polarization<latexit sha1_base64="Mh04teE7hG94yDnvEuA6v6XDv3E=">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</latexit>(m1 , m2 , s1 , s2 , ◆, n,
tc , 'c , , r)連星形成シナリオ
原子核状態方程式

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

nuclear matter EOS
統計

宇宙論パラメータ
銀河形成シナリオ
binary formation
scenario

statistics

galaxy formation scenario

0

時間

5

究極理論の構築
uniﬁedtheorycosmological parameters
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA” Cosmology From Home 2021

4

1. Gravitational Waves

Sensitivity requirements for the detectors
vibration control(thermal noise)

power spectral density(seismic noise)

thermal control

initial LIGO
(̶2010)advanced LIGO
(2015‒-)(shot noise)high-power
laser control

Science 256 (1992) 325
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA” Cosmology From Home 2021

5

Gravitational Wave Projects

We need more
detectors
forbetterlocalization!
GW International Network

4 km

4 km

600 m
3 km

3 km
7
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA” Cosmology From Home 2021

6

Gravitational Wave Projects

LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA

North [deg]LIGO-Livingston
50

LHO

Virgo

Virgo

LLO

KAGRA

South [deg]LIGO-Hanford

KAGRA

0

KAGRA

KAGRA
-50

LIGO-Hanford
-150

-100

-50

West [deg]

0

50

100

150

East [deg]more precise GW source localization
more certain GW source parameters
more chances to hunt GW events
more information of GW polarization
more ideas for GW researches

LIGO-Livingstone

Virgo

Virgo

more man power
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA” Cosmology From Home 2021

7

Gravitational Wave Projects

Sensitivity Curve

Binary NS range

LVK collaboration, Living Rev Relativ (2020) 23:3
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41114-020-00026-9

Science 256 (1992) 325[1304.0670ver2020Jan]

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA” Cosmology From Home 2021

8

Gravitational Wave Projects

Observation Period

1h(t) /
r

O1<latexit sha1_base64="Nqkk9BXaevHaLwHVW6nLBLByEfk=">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</latexit>

amplitude of GW

1/ distance

if we improve one-order of magnitude of the sensitivity,

80
Mpc

LIGO

then the observational volume of the Universe
become 103 times larger.

O3

O2
100
Mpc

O5

110-130
Mpc

160-190
Mpc

Target
330 Mpc

50
Mpc

90-120Mpc

150-260
Mpc

25-130
Mpc

130+
Mpc

30
Mpc

Virgo

O4

1
Mpc

KAGRA

Target
330 Mpc

LIGO-India
2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021 2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

LIGO-G2002127-v4

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA” Cosmology From Home 2021

9

Status of KAGRA

KAGRA (Kamioka Gravitational-Wave Observatory)
1000m under thesummit of the Mt.

Mozumicontrol office.
(15 min)Toyama City
(60 min)

358m above thesea level.

http://gwcenter.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/（大型低温重力波望遠鏡）
former name LCGT = large cryogenic gravitational telescope
named by public naming contest, 神楽（かぐら）dance music in front of Gods
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)10

Status of KAGRA

KAGRA (Kamioka Gravitational-Wave Observatory)
TAMA 300 m (NAOJ, Tokyo area, 2008)

CLIO 20 m (Kamioka, 2010)https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptaa125

arXiv: 2005.05574

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)11

Status of KAGRA

Brief History of KAGRA
today

calendar
year

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Project
Start
Tunnel Excavation

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

adv vibration isolation, optics, cryo.…

installation

operationiKAGRA = initial KAGRAbKAGRA = baseline KAGRA
iKAGRA[arXiv:1712.00148]

bKAGRAphase-1

bKAGRAphase-2

O3[arXiv:1901.03569]

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)12

Status of KAGRA

Basic Idea of the Interferometer“Fabry-Pérot Michelson” interferometer

resonanceend mirror
end mirror

MirrorL
Laser Source
Laser
SourceLaser Source

Longer arm-length makes better sensitivity
input mirrors Mirror
end mirror
input
mirrors
end mirror
Beam
SplitterL

resonance
Photon Detector
PhotonPhotonDetector
Detector

Finesse F ~ 1000
(effective reflections F/π)Photon Detector

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA” Cosmology From Home 2021

13

Status of KAGRA

Basic Idea of the Interferometer
Power-Recyled “Fabry-Pérot” interferometer(TAMA300, initial LIGO, Virgo)

Signal-Recyled “Fabry-Pérot” interferometer(GEO600)

resonanceend mirror

input mirrors

Laser Sourceend mirror

Laser Source

Laser Source

resonance
Power-Recycling
mirrorresonance

Finesse F ~ 1000
get more effective
laserDetector
power
Photon(effective reflections F/π)Photon Detector

resonance

Signal-Recycling
mirrorgetmore Detector
effective GW signals
Photonget more effective GW signals
resonance (N+1/2) wavelength between SR & IM

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA” Cosmology From Home 2021

14

Status of KAGRA

Basic Idea of the Interferometer“Resonant Side-band Extraction” interferometer(KAGRA, Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo)

400mW Nd:YAG laser
amplified to 40W
finesse 540
Laser Sourcefinesse 800-1530

Signal-Extraction
mirrorgetPhoton
more effective
DetectorGW signals
resonance N wavelength
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA” Cosmology From Home 2021

15

Status of KAGRA

Basic Idea of Suspension System
Type-AbKAGRA configuration

BRT- Cryogenic test masses- 3 km arm cavities- RSE with power recycling

ETM

Type-A system

Y-arm- Cryogenic test mass
Sapphire, 23kg, 20K- Tall seismic isolator
IP + GASF + Payload
ITM

MC

PRM

PR3 PR2

Type-C system- Mode cleaner
Silica, 0.5kg, 290K
- Stack + Payload

BS

BRT

IO

ITM

Test mass and Core optics (BS, FM,..)
Silica, 10kg, 290K
- Seismic isolator
Table + GASF + Type-B Payload-

ETM

Type-B system
SRM

Type-Bp payload

X-arm

OMMT
OMC

- Core optics (BS, SRM,…)
Silica, 10kg, 290K
- IP + GASF + Payload- Stack for aux. optics

as the conﬁguration of April 2020 (O3GK)
Class. Quantum Grav. 36 (2019) 165008

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)16

Status of KAGRA

Cryogenic System<latexit sha1_base64="QLLJPypWxpFYAZ8BuEgH0hqQLN8=">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</latexit>

Thermal Noise /

s

4kB T
m!02 !Q

low temperaturelarge mass

sapphire mirror
22.8 kgdiameter 22cm
thickness 15cm

20 K
in 4 weeks
Class. Quantum Grav. 36 (2019) 165008
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)17

Status of KAGRA

Physical environment monitors

by T. Washimi

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)18

Status of KAGRA

KAGRA (Kamioka Gravitational-Wave Observatory)
2018年8月

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)19

Status of KAGRA

KAGRA (Kamioka Gravitational-Wave Observatory)

90cm snow in one night, Dec 17 2020
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)20

Status of KAGRA

Joint Research MoA signed LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA＊ 1 Mpc (BNS) is required to join the observation.

Aug 24, 2019

Dec 19, 2019

October 4, 2019 @ Ceremony of MoA signing

March 26, 2020

main part (10 pages)
Concept, Deﬁnitions,Purposes

Appendix A (17 pages)
Organizations, Procedures

Letter of Intent (3 pages)
KAGRAʼs Join to O3＊ Finally, over 1 Mpc in the end of March 26, 2020.

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)21

Status of KAGRA

O3b,

O3GK,

and after that2019 | 2020
12

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

O3b (planned)
O3b (LV)
GEO600 Astrowatch ~ 1.2 Mpc
Feb25-Mar10

Dec 17-25

KAGRA

ER

Obs.

Apr 7-21

Obs.
O3GK

* O3GK observation paper plan

1,000
970

March 29, 2020

(LVK paper)

883

655
600

594

500

COVID-19 infected # in Japan / day

500
442
382

278

250

165

pr
.7
A

9
ar
.2

5
M

ar
.2

8
M

ar
.1
M

ar
.9
M

ar
.5
M

ar
.3
M

20
Fe
b.

14
Fe
b.

11
Fe
b.

5

66

Fe
b.

ec
.
D

ec
.

6

0

40

11

10

D

Sensitivity Record in kpc

750

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)22

Status of KAGRAO3GK (April 7-21, 2020)
Oﬃcial start and end time
Start :April 7 8:00 2020 UTC, GPS Time : 1270281618
End : April 21 0:00 2020 UTC, GPS Time 1271462418
KAGRA Duty Cycle : Locked 69%, Observing 58%
Longest lock 8h05m
bad weather
ocean tide

Sensitivity : 500-700 kpc

GRB200415A

Takahiro Yamamoto, JGW-P2011980

GRB200415A

6.4 days

NGC 235 (Sculptor galaxy)

7.3 days

3.5 Mpc, one of the brightest galaxies
https://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/fermi̲grbs.html

Jim Lough, LIGO-G2001554

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)23

Status of KAGRA

KAGRA collaboration
Statistics of KAGRA collaboration(June 30, 2021)
collaborators Institutions,Groupshttp://gwwiki.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/JGWwiki/KAGRA

Japan

255

63

Taiwan

69

10

China

52

12

Korea

34

14

Italy

6

4

USA

5

4

Hong Kong

5

1

Australia

2

1

India

1

1

France

1

1

Spain

2

1

Poland

1

1

UK

2

2

Russia11Germany11Vietnam

1

1

437

117

total

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)24

Status of KAGRA

KAGRA collaboration
117groups, 16 countries/regions
430+ active members
Default-author list 2019+2020
has 200 names.

Organize Face-to-Face meeting
2 times (April/August/Dec) / year
F2F Aug. 2020 @ online, Japan

Organize International Workshop
twice / year
KIW8 July 2021 @ Daejeon, Korea
KIW9 May? 2022 @ Beijing China
http://gwwiki.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/JGWwiki/KAGRA
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)25

Status of KAGRA

KAGRA collaborators in Korea
Chungnam National University
David Chung Yue Hui *Kwangmin Oh
Sangin Kim
Ewha Womans University
Chunglee Kim *Chaeyeon Jeon
Hanyang University
Hyun Kyu Lee
Inje University
Hyung Won Lee *Korea Astronomy and Space Science
Institute (KASI)
June Gyu Park *Sungho Lee *Yunjong Kim

Korea Institute of Science and Technology
Information (KISTI)
Sangwook Bae
Korea University
Tai Hyun Yoon *Kunsan National University
Sang Pyo Kim *Kyungpook National University
Myeong-Gu Park
Myongji University

Pusan National University
Chang-Hwan Lee *Sejong University
Maurice H.P.M. van Putten *Seoul National University
Hyung Mok Lee *Sogang University
Kyuman Cho
Ulsan National Institute of Science andTechnology (UNIST)

Jaewan Kim *Young-Min Kim

Sung-Joon Cho

Lupin Chun-Che Lin *National Institute for Mathematical Sciences

Kyujin Kwak *John J. Oh *Kihyun Jung

Jung Piljong

Seungwoo Ha

Jeong-Yeol Han
Hyeon-Cheol Seong
Ueejeong Jeong
Soonkyu Je

36 collaborators as of June 30, 2021. * KSC contact person
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)26

Status of KAGRA

Organization of KAGRA
Takaaki Kajita(PI)
PI

Masatake Ohashi(vice PI)

Executive
Officesharing information & idea

System Engineering
OfficeShinji Miyoki(SEO proj. manager)

KAGRA Scientific Congress (KSC) organization chart

KSC board

Data Analysis
Committee (DAC)

Hideyuki Tagoshi(DAC chair)* Hisaaki Shinkai* Shinji Miyoki* Chunglee Kim
Hideyuki Tagoshi
Tomotada Akutsu

Theory Group

LVK
committees

Zhoujian Cao (China)
Hyung-Won Lee (Korea)
Ray-Kuang Lee (Taiwan)
Tatsuki Washimi (PD)Satoru Takano (Student)

HS(KSC chair)

Future Strategy
Committee (FSC)

KAGRA
committees

Masaki Ando
(FSC chair)

Takahiro Tanaka(Theory chair)

http://gwwiki.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/JGWwiki/KAGRA/KSC
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)27

Organization

Organization of KSC（KAGRA Scientiﬁc Congress）
PI
EO

KAGRA Scientific Congress (KSC) organization chart

KSC board

sharing information & idea

SEO

Data Analysis Committee(DAC)

Compact
BinaryCoalescence* Hideyuki Tagoshi
Kipp Cannon
Hyung-Won Lee
Tjonnie Li

Continuous
Wave* Yousuke Itoh

Joint Run Planning Committee
sec 3.1
Shinji Miyoki, Yousuke Itoh

Detector Characterization andData Quality Committee sec 3.2
Takahiro Yamamoto

Calibration Committee sec 3.3* Hisaaki Shinkai* Shinji Miyoki* Chunglee Kim* Hideyuki Tagoshi* Tomotada Akutsu

Burst Wave

Stochastic
Wave* Kazuhiro Hayama * Guo-Chin Liu
Sachiko
Kuroyanagi

Computing& Software* Hideyuki Tagoshi+ WGs chairs/vice chairs+ Hisaaki Shinkai (board)+ Takahiro Sawada (operations working group)

Calibration

DetcharKen-ichi Oohara, Nobuyuki Kanda

Joint Meeting Committeesec 3.6

Joint Editorial board
Zhoujian Cao
Hyung-Won Lee
Tjonnie Li
Kyujin Kwak
Ray-Kuang Lee

sec 3.5* Kazuhiro Yamamoto
Yuta Michimura
Yousuke Itoh
Hisaaki Shinkai

Hisaaki Shinkai, Ray-Kuang Lee
Lijing Shao

Joint Detection Committeesec 3.7

LVK climate change WG

Nobuyuki Kanda

Luca Baiotti, Quynh Lan Nguyen

Operations Working Group

Low Latency challenge WG

EPO(Education & Public Outreach)

Takahiro Sawada

Kazuki Sakai Kipp Cannon

http://gwwiki.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/JGWwiki/KAGRA/KSC

Heather Fong
He-Feng Hsieh
Albert Kong
Hyung Won Lee
Kwan Lok Li
Li-Ting Ma

Wei-Tou Ni
Quynh Lan Nguyen
Kuo-Chuan Pan
Hisaaki Shinkai
Leo Tsukada

Theory Group* Takahiro Tanaka

Future Strategy
Committee (FSC)

Identity &AccessManagement

Takahiro Sawada, Dan Chen

Takahiro Sawada Osamu Miyakawa

Zhoujian Cao (China)
Hyung-Won Lee (Korea)
Ray-Kuang Lee (Taiwan)
Tatsuki Washimi (PD)Satoru Takano (Student)

Project R&D
Committee (PRDC)* Ken-ichi Oohara * Takahiro Sawada * Takahiro Yamamoto * Hirotaka Takahashi
Nobuyuki Kanda
Hirotaka Takahashi
Kazuki Sakai

Joint Computing and Software
sec 3.4
Committee

2021/May 14

Advanced R&D(AdR&D)* Masaki Ando
Sadakazu Haino
Kentaro Somiya

White Paper
Writing Team(WPWT)*Kentaro Somiya
Yosuke Itoh
Shinji Miyoki

Committee of
Publication Control

Author-list
Committee

Collaborator-list
Manager* Norikatsu Mio
Hideki Asada
Xilong Fan
Kazuhiro Hayama
Hyung-Won Lee
Feng-Li Lin
Yuta Michimura
Kazuhiro Yamamoto* Atsushi Nishizawa
Kentaro Somiya
Albert Kong
Atsushi Nishizawa
John J. Oh
Wenbiao Han
Hiroyuki Nakano
Takafumi Ushiba* Hideyuki Tagoshi
Akiko Sakai (secretary)
Naomi Kudo (secretary)

Overleaf
maintenanceInternational
Cooperation WG

Hisaaki Shinkai
Nami Uchikata

Tadayuki Tomaru
Nobuyuki Kanda
Hisaaki Shinkai
Hyung-Won Lee
Zhong-Hong Zhu
Feng-Li Lin
Helios Vocca

KSC Newsletter
Editorial teams

Author-list
maintenance
Hisaaki Shinkai
Raymond Yeung

Diversity
Committee* Hideyuki Tagoshi
Matteo Leonardi
Chunglee Kim
Chun-Che (Lupin) Lin
Yuta Michimura

Hisaaki Shinkai
Quynh Lan Nguyen

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)28

Status of KAGRA

Science Summary as of LVK-outreachhttps://www.ligo.org/science/outreach.php

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)29

Status of KAGRA

Target Sensitivity & Schedule
2015

KAGRA

“Scenario Paper”

2019

2020

2021

2022

O1

O2

O3a O3bO4

2016

GW170608 BHBH@340Mpc
GW170814
BHBH@540Mpc
GW170817
NSNS@40Mpc

160-190 Mpc

GW170104 BHBH@880Mpc

120-130 Mpc

iKAGRA2015

2018

60-100Mpc

GW151226 BHBH@440Mpc

Virgo

2017

60-80Mpc

GW150914 BHBH@440Mpc

LIGO

2016

O2

30
Mpc

bKAGRAphase1
2017

90-120Mpc

50 Mpc2018

O4

O3a O3b1Mpc

25-70Mpc

bKAGRAphase2

O3

O4

2019

2020

2021

2022

[1304.0670ver2020Jan]

LVK collaboration, Living Rev Relativ (2020) 23:3
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41114-020-00026-9

COVID-19 terminated O3btoday
O4 will likely start no earlier thanJune 2022

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)30

Status of KAGRA

Big Project selection in Japan
SciTech Research Selection Comm. (MEXT) : Roadmap 2020 (Sep. 2020)
List for ﬁnal selection : 15

KAGRA is in the list.

MEXT is accepting public comments.
Final decision was made in the end of September.
physics, astronomy✓KAGRA (ICRR)✓Subaru (NAOJ)✓ALMA (NAOJ)✓Super B-factory (KEK)✓J-PARC (KEK)✓LiteBIRD (JAXA)✓Super-Kamiokande (ICRR)

Grade A

Importance, Communityʼs approval,
Core Institutes, Joint research systemPlanʼs appropriate

Grade A

Emergency, Strategy, Supports from general

KAGRA project (operation) budget: 2023Apr-2034Mar

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)31

Status of KAGRA

Toward O4* Target Sensitivity 25 - 130 Mpc

2015* Recent estimate: 80 Mpc at most?
due to heat absorption of sapphire mirrors
by reducing laser noise, low-f noise, then it goes better more.

LIGO

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

60-80Mpc

60-100Mpc

120-130 Mpc

160-190 Mpc

O1

O2

O3a O3bO490-120Mpc

50 MpcVirgoless than 100Kx20 sensitivity at mid-freq.
dual recycling
lock trials by the end of September
suspension noise control for low freq.
one-order reduced in Julyde-frosting mirrors
de-frosting windows for oplev light

O2

KAGRA

bKAGRAphase1iKAGRA

2015

2016

30
Mpc

2017

2018

O4

O3a O3b1Mpc

25-70Mpc

bKAGRAphase2

O3

O4

2019

2020

2021

today

commissioning

2022

June 2022
O4 ready

Summer 2021

repair & installation
October 2020

Cryo-Payload repairing

DGS/AEL upgrade (DGS/AEL)ETMY tower repairing

Stray light around IOO (AOS)

install laser beam baﬄes

Suspension frame modiﬁcation (AOS, VIS)

Cryocoolers replacement (CRY)

Temperature monitors (VIS)

Intensity noise reduction system (IOO)

and more

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)32

Status of KAGRA

Overview of KAGRA: reviews
published PTEP 2020
KAGRA history
https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptaa125

arXiv: 2005.05574

published PTEP 2020
KAGRA Science

Nature Astronomy 3, 35 (2019)https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-018-0658-y

https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptaa120

arXiv: 2008.02921

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6382/abd922
Class. Quant. Grav. 38 (2020) 065011

published PTEP 2021
KAGRA Calibration, Detector characerization,
physical environment monitors
https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptab018

arXiv: 2009.09305

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)33

Status of KAGRAKSC Newsletter : Exchanging Info between collaborators
KAGRA SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS: COLLABORATORS’ INFORMATION EXCHANGE

2019/12/01

KAGRA SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS: COLLABORATORS’ INFORMATION EXCHANGE

2020/APRIL 17

KAGRA SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS: COLLABORATORS’ INFORMATION EXCHANGE

2021/MAY 1

KSC Newsletter

KSC Newsletter

KSC Newsletter

Issue 6

Issue 7

Issue 8KAGRA joined International GW Network

KAGRA entered the observing mode!

Towards New Phase

Signed up LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA MoA for joint observation

We are operating at Mpc-level finally

On October 4, 2019, KAGRA held a ceremony to mark the completion of the detector. The ceremony was in thesite, and after the play of the music of kagura (the traditional Shinto-style ritual music) by local children’s
musical group, Takaaki Kajita, our PI, pushed a button with U Tokyo Executive Vice President Kohei Miyazono
to demonstrate the detector in motion. In the evening of the day, the signing ceremony of a memorandum ofagreement (MoA) on a research collaboration between KAGRA, LIGO and Virgo were held.

After we signed to the memorandum of agreement (MoA) [JGW-M1910663] [JGW-M1910664], with LIGO/
Virgo in October, our target has been concentrated to join to Observation 3 (O3) of LIGO/Virgo. The
requirements [JGW-M1910813] are to improve the sensitivity of the detector over 1 Mpc in binary neutron-starrange, and to clear the readiness checklists of data flows/calibrations/organization. When we first locked thedetector on August 23, 2019, the sensitivity was 0.4 kpc. In order to reach our target (10 Mpc), the team so far
made great efforts for commissioning and noise-hunting.

We are still confronting with the war to COVID-19 and its variants. In most regions in the world (except China
and Taiwan), we still have to spend our time scared of corona infection, avoiding contact with people as muchas possible, having less conversation, and living a life that restrains movement. Academic meetings, workshops,
seminars and classes have been made online. All the experiments and installations are under restrictedenvironment. We know criticizing unreliable governments can not solve these problems.

This MoA makes KAGRA an equal partner of LIGO and Virgo, and once KAGRA satisfied the criteria for joining
observation then all the scientific achievements will be presented as LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration. KAGRA
is definitely close to the production phase after the ten-year construction and installation period. !

The planned date for starting observation was postponed acouple of times. We made engineering run in December,then went back to the commissioning. After the announceof the first lock of the power recycling system on January
26 [klog12639] and OMC readout ready [klog12763],
our sensitivity started recording the number as wegraphed below.
We declare the start of the observation on February 25
with around 300 kpc level. The team decided to go back tocommissioning to try again with the signal recycling
The current record of the sensitivity is 970 kpc on March
configuration. We heard we momentally locked with dual 29, 2020. [klog 13840]
recycling, but not enough stability for observation.
Since our time was limited and we decided to go into theobserving run from April 7 for two weeks. However, the new virus COVID-19 changed the situation. Both LIGO/
Virgo had to stop their detector from March 24. On April 3, KAGRA proposed to make a joint observation with
GEO600 in the framework of LVK network, and core members are discussing details with GEO.

(Above) Pose for photos after signing a MoA. (from left) EGO vice

But let’s think differently. Epidemics have hit humankind many times in history. Human beings have confronted
it and managed to overcome it. Newton had to spent two years returning to the countryside when the city of
London was closed due to plague outbreak. At this time, he summarized the calculus method and got the ideaof the inverse square law of gravity. Newton himself later recalled in his autobiography that “the last two years
have been the pinnacle of his life's imagination.” It is a “creative vacation”.


From O3a, O3b, O3GK to O4 
The third observation period (O3a/b) of LIGO and Virgo was terminated by COVID-19 on March 27, 2020,
while KAGRA passed the joining condition of 1 Mpc sensitivity in binary neutron star on March 26 and went
into the observing mode in April. KAGRA once decided to make solo observation, but someone noticed that
GEO600 in Germany was in operation as Astrowatch with the sensitivity 1.2 Mpc. We therefore organized
KAGRA+GEO combinational operation from April 7 to 21, 2020, under the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK)
collaboration, which was named O3GK later. We were operating KAGRA until summer with the expectation ofO3c, but it was the fighting period against the earthquakes in Nagano and Gifu prefectures in Japan. The
experiment groups started repairing and installing facilities in September, and are now rushing for O4, which is
supposed to start in the summer 2022 (more than a half year delay from the original LVK plan).
Meanwhile, from October 2020, KAGRA’s authorship as the LVK-collaboration papers started for O3b data
analysis. We established Joint Editorial Board and started assigning our reviewer for each paper, and we are
required to check the drafts which come almost every week.

president Christian Olivetto, Virgo spokesperson Jo van den Brand,
KAGRA principal investigator Takaaki Kajita, LIGO Executive Director
David Reitze, KSC board chair Hisaaki Shinkai, and KAGRA vice PI
Masatake Ohashi. At ANA Crowne Plaza hotel Toyama, October 4,
2019. [Photo courtesy of Hida City]

8,000(Right above) The ceremony at the site. Playing kagura music by local
shrine musicians. (Right below) Takaaki Kajita and U Tokyo Vice
President Kohei Miyazono switched on the green button, and it locked.
[Photos courtesy of H. Oobayashi.]

2,000

6,000
4,000

2021/4/23
2021/4/15
2021/4/7
2021/3/30
2021/3/22
2021/3/14
2021/3/6
2021/2/26
2021/2/18
2021/2/10
2021/2/2
2021/1/25
2021/1/17
2021/1/9
2021/1/1
2020/12/24
2020/12/16
2020/12/8
2020/11/30
2020/11/22
2020/11/14
2020/11/6
2020/10/29
2020/10/21
2020/10/13
2020/10/5
2020/9/27
2020/9/19
2020/9/11
2020/9/3
2020/8/26
2020/8/18
2020/8/10
2020/8/2
2020/7/25
2020/7/17
2020/7/9
2020/7/1
2020/6/23
2020/6/15
2020/6/7
2020/5/30
2020/5/22
2020/5/14
2020/5/6
2020/4/28
2020/4/20
2020/4/12
2020/4/4
2020/3/27
2020/3/19
2020/3/11
2020/3/3
2020/2/24
2020/2/16
2020/2/8
2020/1/31
2020/1/23
日付

0

Reported records of the sensitivity in binary neutron-star range(in kpc).

The moment of declaring the start of observation on February
25, 2020. [Photo from KAGRA webpage]

1

Daily reported number of Covid-19 positive in Japan.
Data taken from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/covid-19/open-data.html

11linked fromhttp://gwwiki.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/JGWwiki/KAGRA/KSC#newsletter

Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology); July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)34

Status of KAGRA: Summary
Underground and Cryogenic interferometric 3 km gravitational-wave detector at Kamioka, JapanLVK

KAGRA is a part of GW international network with LIGO and Virgo.

“O3”

KAGRA joined O3b in the ﬁnal stage, and O3GK publication plan is ongoing.

“O4”

Repairs and Installations are ongoing.
LVK O4 is planned to start Summer 2022.

If you are planning to join, pleasecontact to your nearest KAGRA
collaborators, or consult below FAQ.
http://gwwiki.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/JGWwiki/KAGRA/KSC/FAQ

July 7, 2021 @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (in Korea/remote)