gsbNX
î X ü°÷¾ÉæéúiÎY
×Eà÷×\¢Ï@
|{Mq

1010
Ö¼ãÈåwãw¨w³º §573_

gº^j§½ÙåwÈwZp¤@\ SR Z^[óJrLY¶Ì

5_1
åã{ûsV¬ 2_§525_8577

åô¡1ê§ÃsìH 1_1_

8585
§444_

©RÈw¤@\ªqÈw¤É[Oõ¤{Ý¤m§ªès¾å¬¼½38

R{Ík·loCIåwoCITCGXwAj}oCITCGXwÈê£@ê§úiÎÂ«Èw¤Z^[Â«Äå

ïgG

8577
§½ÙåwHw¨ÈwÈ §525_

Ø´T§½ÙåwÈwZp¤@\ SR Z^[v |ã_næÌ

§520_0022§526_0829

ê§·lscº¬1266

34
ê§åÃsöªè 5_

1_1ê§ÃsìH 1_§525_8577

1ê§ÃsìH 1_1_¹

¹nÅ éúiÎÅåBµC ¹ ÉJrLðà½ç·÷¬VAmoNeAðCv¬©ÂmÀÉ¯Ê·é½ßCî X ü°÷¾@ðp·éæègÝðsÁÄ¢éBPhormidium tenue (Pseudanabaena
sp.jÆªÞ³ê½JrLY¶·éiPTGjÆµÈ¢iPTBjÌ÷×\¢Ìá¢ðî X ü°÷¾ÅÏ@µ½ÊC×Eà÷±Ìå«³ªÙÈé±Æªª©Á½B÷¬VAmoNeAÌDê½Ï@c[ÆµÄCàÌTu
~NÌ\¢ðõw°÷¾Ìæ¤Èèy³ÅÏ@Å«éî X ü°÷¾ªC§ß^dq°÷¾Cá^óNCI¸^dq°÷¾ÆÀñÅgp³êé±ÆðúÒµ½¢BÀÌ

1. Í¶ßÉ
ú{ÍÌLxÈÅ

èCÍ«ê¢ÅÀSÅ

éàÌÆµÄM¶çêÄ¢éB±Ì½ßCú{ÅÍCuÀSvÅu¨¢µ¢vªßçêÄ¢éB
è~JÉbÜêC NÔ~ JÊÍ ¢E½ ÏÌ ñ 2 {Æ ÈÁÄ ¢é Bê
¹¶ÊiÂ\ÈÌÊÅC~¹ÆµÄ_ãlÔªÅåÀpÊ©çö­UÊðø«YnæÌÊ

CHÆp

C­dC


¹

ÊÍCðjÆÈÁÄ¢é±Æ©çCæ É¨¢Äà ¹ ÍsÈóµÆÈÁÄ¢éB±Ìæ¤ÈRÉæèC»ÝÌú{ÅÍCu¢Åà

ú{ÍAWAX[Cóe¿ºÉûC¿Ì«»àâèÆÈÁÄ¢éB

IÉC_êp¹Ì¹ÆµÄp¹´éð¾È¢óµÉ±Ìæ¤ÈóµÅuÀSvÅu¨¢µ¢vêÄ¢éÌÅ

¹v
èCªúXñ³éB_ÎâÎÀÈÇÌ©¯ÄåBµC¹¹¹nÉ¨¢ÄCÄ©çHÉÉµ¢ÙL¡áQðà½ç·VÏðæ¶½ljÍ¢E½ÏÌ¼ªÈºÅ éB³çÉC}AmoNeAª¢éB§ÛãÃÈw@ª2010N10sÈn`Æ~JÌWÉæèC©ç2012N 9 ÉsÁ½²¸ÉæéÆCSñ62÷Ì¹¶ÊÌåªÍ

p³êÈ¢ÜÜCÉ¬oµÄµÜ¤1)BÉà©©íç¸C
[bpÅÍù¿Ì¹Ì75÷ðnºÉË¶µÄ¢éÌÉÎµCú{ÅÍ70÷ðÍìÈÇÌ\wµÈ¯êÎÈçÈ¢2)B\wÉË¶ÍC¾zõCCÛC¬ü¨¹ÆÌCñ42÷ÌòêÉ¨¢Ä¶¨áQª­¶µC¤¿64÷ÅÙL¡áQªñ³êÄ¢é3)BÙL¡áQÌíÞÊàóÅÍ63÷ªJrLÉyLÉÈÁÄ¨è3)CVAmoNeAÉæéJrLíQÍ[ÅéBßNC¿ÌÈÇlXÈÂ«Ìe¿ðó¯â·¢BÜ½CxoÏÙL¡ÉæéíQlûÍ¸­XüÉ

éªCíQÆÒ¬·úÈ~CÐïoÏÌ­WÉº¢CÍ¸­µÄ¢È¢4)B±Ì±ÆÍC¹nÉ¨¯éÙL¡

¹Å

éÍìâÎ

258  úËõ Sept. 2014 Vol.27 No.5
(C) 2014 The Japanese Society for Synchrotron Radiation ResearchgsbNX ¡ î X ü°÷¾ÉæéúiÎY

áQÍª{IÉðÅ«Ä¢È¢±Æð¦µC¹nÅÌ»ÝCÂ«ÈÅÍ±êçðÂ«ÄÚÆÍµÄ¢È
¹îlÅ

é

10 ng/L öxÅàkoÉq´ÈqgÍJrLðFmµÄµÜ¤Bµ©µCJrLÍÊíÌò
é±ÆªÅ«¸CxòxÅ TEM Ï@·é½ßÉÍC\ª¢¿ÉCdqüÌ
UÉzûðå«­·é½ßÌdà®õFð{µC^óÙL¡ÍdvÈÛèÆÈÁÄ¢éB
¢BJrLÍqgÉ´m³êâ·­CóJrLY¶Ì×Eà÷×\¢Ï@ÅÙÆñÇ·i²«YC±óÉÛ·éKvªèCE

éB±Ì½ßC¿ÍÊíC»wÅC´ØÐ»CõF·é±ÆªK{ÅC¶«½ó

ÔÌ`ÔIÁ¥ªK¸µàÛ³êÈ¢êàèCÜ

½CÏ@ÜÅÉÔðv·éÆ¢¤ã_ðÂBíÌ¯èÉÍCDNA o[R[fBOîñðpµ½û@àé

«YCI]C¶¨ÌêÂÜ½Í¡ðÊí

ªCÞÅÍÜ¾®õ³êÄ¢È¢BÜ½Cªq¶¨wIÌòjÌ±üªKvÆÈè@ðp¢½÷¶¨Ì½l«ðÍÉÍÛèàc³êÄ¨¿ÒÉæéÆC10 m3 /èCÞÌªÞwI¢ÉÍC`ÔIÁ¥ÌðªKv

ÉgÝí¹½ò

éB½¬18NxÅÌúÈãÌKÍÌò

¹v{ÝÅxò

ð±üµÄ¢éÍ20÷ÈºÆÈÁÄ¢é5)Bxò

Æ³êÄ¢é14,15)BÌ±üªÈ³ÒÍCLM æè¢ªð\ð¿CTEM æè¢ÌÎÛ¨¿ÌZxÉí¹½§ß\ðÂ X ü°÷¾iXMjðp¢ÄC¢Ì P.

«YÌüªKvÆÈèCÇÁRXgª­¶·éBtenue ðÛ²ÆÏ@µCÁ¥IÈ÷×\¢ð©oµC¼ÒêÄ¢È¢êC´±Ì½ßCes¹{§â
«C

¹¨æÑò

¹ÆÒÍÆ©ÌÄÌ§ð~

ÌA±ÄðsÁÄ¢éBðÈPÉ¯Ê·éû@ÌJ­ðÚwµÄ¢éB{eÅÍC»ÝCäXªæègñÅ¢éCXM Éæé P. tenue Ì×Eà÷×\¢ÌÏ@Æ÷×\¢¯è¤ÉÂ¢ÄÐî·éB2. úiÎÆJr´ö¶¨
ú{ÅåÌÊÏÆlÌ®ðx¦éÊð¿Cã_næñ1,450

¹ÅéúiÎÅàC1969NÉJr

Lª´m³êÄÈ~CNÌæ¤ÉJrLÌ­¶ªñ³

3. î X ü°÷¾
3.1 î X üzûRgXgC[WO
XM ÆÍ X üðv[uÆµÄp¢½°÷¾ÌÌÅêÄ¢é6,7) BúiÎÌJrLÌ´ö¨¿ÉÂ¢ÄÍCÁ

èC±±ÅÍCî X üðp¢½ XM ðî X ü°÷¾èÌVAmoNeAâúüÛÉæÁÄ¶¬³êé 2_iî XMjÆÄÔBXM ÍCX üÆ¨¿ÌÝìpðp`C\{lI[i2_methyl­isoborneolF2_MIBjµÄC[WOðs¤BX üC[WOÉÍCzû

ÆWFIX~itrans_1,10_dimethyl­trans_9_decalolj

RgXgCUCuõCÊRgXgðp¢éûªmF³êÄ¢é8,9) BJrL´ö¶¨ÆµÄÍC2_MIB@ªðY¶·éV«óVAmoNeAªmF³êC

zûRgXgÉæéC[WO16) ðåÉ¤µÄ

Phormidium(Pseudanabaena

tenue

sp. j Æ¯ è ³ êéBäXÍCî X üÌæÅKxÈ¸øÊð¦·«½BÁÉCî X üÌæÌu

ÌvÆÄÎêé_fiOj½10,11)B»ÌãÌ²¸ÅCúiÎÅÍ P. tenue Ìo»É

Ì K zû[i2.3 nm, 543 eVjÆYfiCjÌ K zû[ä× 2_MIB Y¶Êªá¢áªñ³êCP. tenue Ìªi4.4 nm, 284 eVjÌÔÌÌæiFig. 1jÅÍC¶ÌÌdv£|{ÉæèC2_MIB ðY¶·éÎFÌiPTGjÆYÈ\¬¨¿Å

¶µÈ¢FÌ
iPTBjª¶Ý·é±Æªª©Á½12,13)B
PTG Æ PTB Ì¯ÊÍCFfâqgÌkoÅsíêÄ

ûª 1

é^pN¿âj_ÌzûÉä×Ä

Èã¬³¢ÌÅC¶Ì¿ðÌzÌ¶ÝðÓ¯·é±ÆÈ­Ï@·é±ÆªÅ«é19,20)B¢éBµ©µCÆËõðæèFfªÏ»·é«¿iâF»jÌñ13)âC2_MIB Y¶Êª|{ðÉË¶·éÆ¢¤ñ12) ©çCFâL¢¾¯ÅÌ¯ÊÉÍÀEªéB÷×ÞÌ¯èÍCÊíC°÷¾Ï@Éæè`ÔIÁ¥ð²×CsíêÄ¢éBlXÈÞª¬Ý·é»n²¸ÅÍC`ÔÉæé¯Ê@ÍK{ÅéB×Eaª 1`2 mm

Æ¬³¢ P. tenue Ì`ÔIÁ¥ð¨¦éÉÍCÇÌæ¤È°÷¾ªKÅë¤©B

õw°÷¾iLMjÍC¶Ì¿É¹ð^¦é±ÆÈ­C¶«½ÜÜÌóÔÅ×EàÌ÷×\¢â®«ðÏ@·é±ÆªÅ«éDê½°÷¾ÅéBµ©µCóÔªð\ÍCñÜÀEÉæèCõÌg·Ì 1/2 öxiñ200 nmjÜÅÉ§À³êCP. tenue Ì`ÔIÁ¥ð¨¦é±ÆÍïµ¢B§ß^dq°÷¾iTEMjÍ10 nm ÈºÌªð\Ï@ªÂ\ÅéBµ©µCVAmoNeAðð

Fig. 1

Absorption coecients of water and a typical protein in thesoft x­ray wavelength region. The absorption coecientswere obtained using the data of Henke et al17,18).

úËõ Sept. 2014 Vol.27 No.5  259

3.2 §½Ùåwî X ü°÷¾r[CäXÍC§½Ùåw SR Z^[iM[É¶Äg¢ª¯Ä¢éB½Ê~[Å½Ëµ½õê§ÃsjÉÍCCZP Æsz[©çÈé¼ü^ªõíðÊß·^î X ü°÷¾êpr[CiBL_12jðÝuµC

éB±ÌªõíÍCSchmahliG äottingen åwjÌO[

1996Næèî X ü°÷¾ÌJ­ÆpÉÖ·é¤ðsvÉæÁÄJ­³ê½àÌÅ

ÁÄ¢é21,22)Bg·ÉæÁÄÙÈéÌÅCZP ÌãûÌõ²ãÉsz[é25)BZP ÍCÅ_£ª§½Ùåw SR Z^[ÅÍC´`±¬^úËõõ¹ðu­ÆCCZP Æsz[Ì£ðÅ_£Æ·é

i~ÏGlM[F575 MeVCr[d¬F300 mACO

PFõ¾¯ªsz[ðÊß·éB¾çêég·ªð\¹¼aF1 mj©çúË³êéÔOü©ç X üÜÅÌúË

ÍCcûüÌFû·ªsz[TCYÆµ¢Æ·éÆCõðp·é±ÆªÅ«é23) BúËõÌõq§xÍ827
eVi1.5 nmjÅÅåÅCî XM ÉÍLÈúËõõ¹Æ

Rl
Dl 2 2r

ÈÁÄ¢éBõ¹æèæèoµ½úËõðãqÌõwnÅ
ªõµCCÓÌGlM[Å°÷¾Ï@ðs¤B±Ì°÷¾ÌÅåÌÁ¥Í¿ðåCÉÝuÅ«é±ÆÉéB

î X üÍóCÉæÁÄeÕÉ¸µÄµÜ¤B±Ì½

ÆÈé26) B±±ÅCR Í ZP Ì¼aCr Ísz[Ì¼aÅéBsz[ðÊßµ½PFõÍC¿ÉB

ßCî XM ÅÍCêÊÉC^óø«â He ÉæéKX

µC¿ð§ßµ½PF X üÍC¿¼ãÉu©ê½éBBL_12ÅÍCOZP ÉæÁÄ CCD oíãÉgåµ½ X üðÔB

u·ªsíê½¿ðp¢éKvªKvÅ¬ÀÌ¿Xy[XðåCÉÝ¯é±ÆÅCåC

°÷¾ÌÅ_isgjÌ²®ÍC¿ðõ²ûüÉÚ®

³Ì¿ðCLM Æ¯¶´oÅÏ@·é±ÆªÅ«éB³¹é±ÆÅsÁÄ¢éBpÂ\Èî X üÌg·ÍCFig. 2 É BL_12Ìõwnð¦·BBL_12 ÍXbgC½
Ê~[CWõ][v[giCondenser Zone PlateÌ ðÜ Þ1.7 nm` 4.4 nm Åé Bó Ôª ð\ C{¦CìÍCg·2.0 nm Æ2.33 nm ÌÆ«C»ê¼ê65(CZP), G äottingen Univ., KZP 7C¼aF9 mmCÅOÖÑ

nm, 770{C16 mm Æ53.5 nm, 897{C13.7 mm ÆÈÁÄ

F53.7 nmC][F41,89024)jCsz[i¼aF¢éB±±ÅÌóÔªð\ÍCiCtGbWÌM­xÌ

20 mm jC Î ¨ ] [  v  [ g i Objective ZP ( OZP ) ,20÷`80÷ÌÏ»ÉÎ·é£Å]¿µ½lðp¢Ä

NTT_
AT, FZP_S38/84C¼aF84 mmCÅOÖÑF36¢éB

nmC][F550jCwÊÆË^ CCD oíil¼z
21_
24WDj
gjNX®ïÐCC4880_
Å\¬³êÄ¢éB
õ¹©çæèoµ½FÌúËõð¶`XbgÅ®`µC½Ê~[ÉüËp40 mrad ÅüË³¹C1 keV ÈãóCÉæéî X üÌ¸ðð¯é½ßCSÄÌõwf
qÍ^óàÉÝu³êÄ¢éB¿Xy[XÌOãÌ^Éú³100 nm Ì»VRÌðÝ¯é±ÆóÅCî X üðåCÉæèo¹éæ¤ÉÈÁÄ¨èCåÌGlM[õðJbgµÄ¢éB~[`o[ÍCCÉÝu³ê½¿ðÏ@·é±ÆªÅ«éiFig. 2jB

SiC Æ SiO2 Ì 2 íÞÌ½Ê~[ðõµÄ¨èCGlåCwÍCóCÉæé¸ðl¶·éÆC1 mm Èºªv³êéBOZP Í¿Ìº¬É

é^ó

ÆA®µÄ

®­ÌÅCÊígpµÄ¢é OZP ÅÍCåCwª 1
mm ð´¦ÄµÜ¤g·æª¶Ý·éB±Ì½ßCBL_12
ÅÍCdlÌÙÈé OZP ðpÓµCåCwð 1 mm ÈºÉÛÄéæ¤ÉµÄ¢éB°÷¾VXeÉÍCx, y, z, u Ìd® 4 ²¿Xe[WªC¿ð¼ºü«Åñ]²ª¼ûüÉÈéæ¤Ýu³êÄ¢éBÏ@ÉÍC2 ³Ï@[hÆ 3 ³Ï@
[hªpÓ³êÄ¢éB2 ³Ï@ÅÍCFig. 3(a)É¦

Fig. 2(Color online) Schematic diagram of BL­12 (a). The inset isan overview around sample stage (b). Sample is placed in air
between CZP and OZP heads.

260  úËõ Sept. 2014 Vol.27 No.5

Fig. 3(Color online) Photographs of sample mountings for 2D
observation (a) and 3D observation (b).

gsbNX ¡ î X ü°÷¾ÉæéúiÎY

·æ¤ÉC¿ðCSe[vÅA~v[gÉæèt

óJrLY¶Ì×Eà÷×\¢Ï@

12jÉ¨¢ÄsÁ½B
r[CiBL_¯C¿Xe[WÉÅè·éBd®Xe[WÉæèC~[gÍÍÌÏ@ªÂ\ÅéB£¿ÍCdq°÷

4.2¾pObhâ|C~hâVR»ãÉÛ³êéBÜ

¿ÍC2 Ì|C~hâVR»Ü½ÍKXLs[ÉüµÛ³êéB
3 ³Ï@ÍCFig. 3(b)É¦·æ¤ÉC¿ðüµ½

XM Ï@Ê¢zûRgXgÌð¾éÉÍCóCÌ×EðÏ@·éêÍCóCÌ§ß¦Ì¢Zg·ÌpªLøÅéB×E÷tÌÌ×EðÏ@·éêÍC

pN¿Ìzû·ªå«¢u

KXLs[ð¿Xe[WÉÅè·éB¿ðñÅ

] ³ ¹ Ä æ ¾ µ ½ XM  ð p ¢ Computer TomographyÁÄàC

iCTj@Éæè 3 ³ðæ¾·é27) B±Ì¼CvÏÈºÉ§ä·éKvª@¨æÑ XM Ï@ÊumFpÌ LM Æá·Ï@pÌNéBuÌvÌg·ÌpÅ

êÎC±ÌêÅÌ§ß¦ðmÛ·é½ßC

wÌú³Í10 mm

éBFig. 4 ÉC³ÅèC ³õFÌ PTG ðC£µg·1.9
nm ÅÏ@µ½ XM (a)CÜ

CIVXeªpÓ³êÄ¢é28,29)BÆ^ÌvÌg·ÌpªLø×Eð 2 Ì|C~hÅ²Ý£ðð¯Ä1.9 nm ÅÏ@µ½ XM (b)C

4. î X ü°÷¾ÉæéVAmoNeA
Ï@
4.1

À±û@

µ½ XM (c)ð¦·B

ÛóÌ×EªAÈÁ½ó\¢ªmFÅ«éB×EÌüÍÅC×EO}gNX½iS¿âjÍmFÅ«È¢B£Ì×EÉÍ÷±ÌiFig. 4¿ÍCLs[ôò@Éæè1985N 7`10Éú i Î ì Î © ç ª £ ³ ê C » Ý C Phormidium

tenue(Pseudanabaena sp.jÆ¯è³êÄ¢éÎFÌJrLY¶óiPTGjÆFÌñY¶íðp¢½Bpã|{ÍC×E÷tðKXLsBÉüµ2.33 nm ÅÏ@óiPTBjÌ 2ê§úiÎÂ«Èw¤Z(a)îªjÌ¶ÝªmFÅ«éB±Ì÷±ÌÍ¢ X üzûð¦µÄ¢é±Æ©çCKXEÅÍÈ­gÌlÜÁ
½÷±ÌÅ

éB÷±ÌÍ×E

½è 1 ÂÈã¶ÝµC2ÂÈãÌêÍ×EÌ·²ûüÉzñµÄ¢½B×Eð|C~hÅ²ÝÜóÔiFig. 4(b)jðÛµ½ê^[É¨¢ÄCpÌ CT |nÆ M11|nð¹pµÅàC

1 ñÀ{³ê½B»ê¼êÌ|n10 ml ð±Ç10{ÉªàC£¿Æ¯lÉ×EàÌ÷±ÌðÏ@·é±ÆªÅwª¢½ß XM ðÏ@Å«½B±ÌêC, 2,000 Lxs (8 h ¾/16 h ÃjC4 ñ]/min ÌñµC20

«é±Æ©çC÷±ÌÍ£ÉæéA[`t@NgÅÍÈ

]UÆ¤|{@iTAITEC RT550jÅ 1 ©Ô|{µ½B¢±Æª¦³ê½B\ªÉBµ½±Æð÷áÅmFµ½ãCqgÌ@Éæ¢RgXgÅ÷±ÌðÏ@·é½ßC£µ½éJrLÌmFÆËuõ°÷¾iG, B ãNjÉæéõ

¿ð2.0 nm Ìg·ÅÏ@µ½iFig. 5jBPTG Ìûª PTB

¬FfÌmFÉæèC»ê¼ê PTG Æ PTB ÆµÄÀÉä×Ä¾­CPTG Ì×EaÍ1.35}0.12 mm, PTB Í±Ép¢½30,31)B

1.08}0.06 mm Å¢Ì×E÷tðC|C~hiú350

Á½BSÄÌ×EàÉ÷±ÌªmFÅ«½BPTG Æ PTB ÉÜÜêé÷±ÌÌå«³ÉÂ¢ÄnmjãÉHºµC£³¹½¿i£¿jÆCÜ²×½Æ±ëC500 nm Æ800 nm tßÉñÂÌs[Nð×Eð 2 ÌÉ|C~hÌÔÉHºµVR[Âªzð¦µCÁÉCPTG ÅÍ¼a 1 mm ÈãÌå«O[XÅ§µ½¿¨æÑ÷tðKXLs

È÷±ðÂ×Eà½­¶ÝµÄ¢½30)B

[Éüµ½¿iÜ¿jðpÓµ½B

î XM Ï@ÍC§½Ùåw SR Z^[î X ü°÷¾

Fig. 4

÷±ÌÌ\¬³fÉÖ·ém©ð¾é½ßC2.0 nm ÅmFÅ«½÷±Ìð O Ì K zû[æèà·¢g·ÅéSoft XM images of PTG. White arrowheads indicate granules. (a) An air­dry sample at 1.9 nm. Exposure timewas 2 min. Black arrowheads indicate symbiotic bacteria. (b) A wet sample at 1.9 nm. Exposure time was 10 min.
(c) Suspension­cultured cells at 2.33 nm. Exposure time was 3 min. Scale bar is 2 mm.

úËõ Sept. 2014 Vol.27 No.5  261

Fig. 5

Soft XM images of PTG (a) and PTB (b) at 2.0 nm.
Exposure time was 2 min. Scale bar is 5 mm.

Fig. 7

Cross­sectional TEM images of PTG (a) and PTB cells (b).
Note the presence of thylakoids (T), polyphosphate gran­ules (P), carboxysomes (arrowheads). Scale bar is 1 mm.

TEM Ì½ßÉÍC×E÷tðSµÄ¾½ybgðO^[AfqhÆl_»IX~EÅÅèãCG
^m[nñÅE

µCG|LV÷Éïµ½B´ØÐðì»µC|_EÆNG_Å 2 dõFµC§ß ^ d q ° ÷ ¾ i JEOL JEM1400 j ð p ¢ Ä Ï @ µ ½
i80 kVj
B
Fig. 6

Multiple XM images of the same PTGs. Observation
wavelength was 2.0 nm (a) and 2.33 nm (b). Exposure time
was 5 min. Scale bar is 2 mm.

Fig. 7 ÉCPTG Æ PTB ÌfÊÌ TEM Ï@ÌÊð¦·B»wÅèÉæè XM Éä××Eª­µkñÅ¢é
ªC`RChCJ{LV\[l\¢ÌC|_÷±Ævíêé×Eà\¢ªmFÅ«éB`RChÌO¤ÉÍ×EÇi50 nmjª¶ÝµCPTB Ì×EÇÌ

2.33 nm Å Ï @ µ ½ Æ ± ë C ÷ ± Ì ª Á ¦ Ä µ Ü Á ½

ûª PTG æèàú©Á½B¡ñÌðÅÍCS¿âð¾

iFig. 6jB³çÉÏ@ð±¯½Æ±ëC2.0 nm ÅÏ@Å«mÉmFÅ«È©Á½B½÷±ÌÉÍC2.33 nm ÅÁ¦é÷±ÌÆÁ¦È¢÷±Ì
ª¶Ý·é±Æªª©Á½B÷±Ìå«³ÆÌÖWÉÂ¢ÄÍC»Ý¢Å

éB±ÌÊÍC2.33 nm ÅÁ¦½

LT/LV_SEM ÅÍC×E÷tðC~|AtB^[ãÉHºµCXbVðfÅãCALTO_1000µ½¸dq°÷¾iHitachi, S_3400NjÌ¾Ìà

÷±ÌÌêÍCO ªdvÈ\¬vfCàµ­Í±Ì÷±Å

É O ð½­ÜÞ¨¿ðZkµÄ¢é±Æð¦´µÄ¢éBðÏ@µ½i15 kV, 80_90 Paj
Bð¸Ø³¹C³ö

Cá^óóÔÅC¿Ì½Ëdq

Fig. 8 É C LT / LV _SEM Ï @ Ì  Ê ð ¦ · B PTG Å

4.3

\¢Ì¯è

ÍCî XM Ï@Æ¯lÉC

VAmoNeAÍ´j×EÅèC^j×EÌæ¤ÈÛóÌ×EªAÈÁ½

ó\¢ªmFÅ«½BS¿âÍmFÅ«È¢iFig. 8(a)jB×E¬í¯Í¶ÝµÈ¢ªC×EàÉÍÁ»µ½`ÔÆ@×EàÉärIå«È÷±ÌªmFÅ«½iFig. 8(b)ÍÝ

\ðÂ×Eà\¢¨i´j×EIKljª¶Ý·éjB±Ì÷±ÌÉÂ¢Ä³fªÍiEDXjðsÁ½Æ±±ÆªmçêÄ¢éB±êÜÅÉCWõ«AeiCtBëCÆ}OlVEª×E¿Éä×Ä½­¶ÝµÄ¢

Rr\[C|_÷±CVAmtBV÷±C|½30)B±êæèC÷±ÌÍ|_÷±ÌÆ¯èµ½B

qhLVAJmA[giPHAj÷±CJ{LVêûCPTB ÅÍCS¿âª¾mÉmFÅ«éiFig. 8\[/½Ê¬ÌC¿ÌC`RChSCDNA ÜL(c)jBâª×EðæèÍÝC×Eð¼ÚÏ@·é±ÆÍÅÌæ¨æÑ{\[Æ¢Á½×Eà\¢ª¯è³êÄ¢«È¢Bâª£µ½ªðÏ@·éÆCâÌÉCî

é32_37)B

XM â TEM Ï@Æ¯lÉC

î XM Ï@ ÅmFÅ «½÷± Ì\¢Ì ¯èðs ¤½ÛóÌ×EÆ¬³¢÷±Ì

l\¢ÌªmFÅ«½iFig. 8(d)ÍÝjBßC§ß^d°iTEMjÏ@Æá^óNCI¸d°

TEM ¨æÑ LT/LV_SEM ÌÏ@Ê©çCî XM Ï

iLT/LV_SEMjÏ@ðsÁ½B×Eàðªð\Ï@@ÅmFÅ«½÷±Ì\¢ÍCJ{LV\[Æ|ªÅ«é TEM ÉÎµCLT/LV_SEM Í}¬µ½Ü

_÷±ÌÌÂ\«ª¢BJ{LV\[ÍCVAm

¿ÌO`ð¼ÚÏ@Å«éBÜ½Cà®R[eBO

oNeAÈÇÌõ¬×ÛÅ©çêé÷×\¢ÅCYf³µÅàÏ@Å«éÌÅGlM[ªU^ X üªÍ¹ÆµÄ×E¿É~Ï³ê½dY_CIiHCO|
3 j©ç

iEDXjªÂ\Åñ_»YfiCO2 jðìéY_EéB

262  úËõ Sept. 2014 Vol.27 No.5

yficarbonic anhy­

gsbNX ¡ î X ü°÷¾ÉæéúiÎY

Î©èÅ
K{Å

óJrLY¶Ì×Eà÷×\¢Ï@èCTEM â SEM ÆÌ¹pÉæé\¢¯èàéB¡ãCVAmoNeAÌÏ@@ÆµÄCfÊÌim[gÌ\¢ðÏ@Å«é TEMC\ÊtÌ\¢ðÏ@Å«é LT/LV_SEM ÆÀñÅCàÌTu~NÌ\¢ð LM Ìæ¤Èèy³ÅÏ@Å«éî XM ÆµÄF¯³êéæ¤C~Ïf[^ªâµÄ¢­KvªéBÓ«á^óNCI SEM Ï@¨æÑ EDX Éæé³fªÍðsÁÄ¢½¾¢½®ïÐú§nCeNmW[YÌFig. 8LT/LV SEM images of PTG (a, b) and PTB (c, d). PTG
cells contains several granules (see the boxed area in the(b)). PTB cells secrete a mucilaginous sheath. PTB cells un­
der sheath also contain several granules (see the boxed areain the (d)).

ì³¹lC¼ºëqlÉ´Ó\µã°Ü·BVAmoNeAÌ§ß^dq°÷¾Ï@É¨¢Ä¦Í¢½¾«Üµ½
Ö¼ãÈåw®¶½ãw¤¤{ÝÌ¡çÉ´Ó\µã°Ü·B{¤ÍC¶ÈwÈuimeNmW[lbg[Nvæ[¤{Ý¤p£iÆðpµÄsíêCJSPS È¤drasejÆCCO2 ðÅèµÄÉÏ··éyfrXR

ïi21540422, 24510039jCVZpJ­àcA¨¤¬iRubisCOjªWÏµ½^pN¿Ì¬\¢ÌÅi½¬24`25NxjÌxðó¯Äsíê½àÌÅ

éB|

éB

_ÍC÷¶¨ª¬µ½Ì|}[ÅCO ´qð¤LµÄµ½lÊÌÌ PO4 ð\¢PÊÆµC÷±óÌ\¢ÌÆµÄ÷¶¨ÅÏ@³êéB÷¶¨ª|
_ð~Ï·éÆ«C2 ¿Ìdà®CIÆ·é±ÆæèCdà®Ì~ÏðN±·±ÆªmçêÄ¢éBJ{
LV\[Æ|_÷±Í¤É O ³fÆÌÖAªéBJ{LV\[ÍrXRðC|_÷±Í|
_ðuõW¯·é±ÆÅC¯Ê·é±ÆªÅ«éB»ÝCuõW¯@Æî XM ÆÌ¹p·é±ÆÅC÷±ÌÌ¯èðißÄ¢éB
PTB ÌâªCLT/LV_SEM Å¾¯Ï@·é±ÆªÅ«½ÊÍñíÉ»¡[¢BâÍCî X üª§ß·éÙÇ¢BSEM Ì½ËdqÍ\ÊÌÊîñÆ¿àÌg¬ÌîñðÜÞ±Æ©çCPTG Æ PTB Í\¢¾¯ÅÍÈ­Cg¬Éàá¢ªé±ÆÍ¾Å

éB±êçÌ

ÊÍCPTG Æ PTB ÍÙÈéíÞÌVAmoNeAÅéÂ\«ð¦´µÄ¨èCÅVÌªÞªÒ½êéB

5. ¨íèÉ
¹¹nÉ¨¢ÄCåBµC¹

Éµ¢ÙL¡áQiJrLjðà½ç·×Eaª 1`2 mm ÌVAmo
NeAðCv¬©ÂmÀÉ¯Ê·é½ßCî XM @ðp·éæègÝÉÂ¢ÄÐîµ½BlXÈÞª¬Ý·é»n²¸ÅÍC`¿Éæé¯Ê@ÍK{ÅéBµ©µC`óªPÅCTCYà¯¶VA

moNeAÌêCLM Å`óÌá¢ð¨¦é±ÆÍïµ¢B¡ñC¢Ì PTG Æ PTB ðî XM ÅÏ@µC
×EaC×Eà÷±a¨æÑªzÉá¢ð©oµC¯ÊÌÂ\«ð¦µ½Bµ©µC±Ìæ¤ÈæègÝÍnÜÁ½

Ql¶£1) ú{Ì ¹ H24NxÅiyðÊÈC2012), 61.
2) ctYC¡cõêCåÀOCéØGKC¡äsíqC
ì{xuCìRFCRpO÷F¤vWFNg¤ñ æ12i¤C2006jD3) Ht¹GCÝc¼TCº´ë÷Cca¾F ¹É¨¯é¶¨áQÎôÉÖ·éV|WEzz¿C7 (2013).
http: // www.niph.go.jp / soshiki / suido / h25nuisance _ docu­
ments.html
4) ú¶J­ÈF ¹´ Ì ¿õÌÉæé ¹ÌíQóµyÑ ¹ÌÙL¡íQóµC5 (2012).
http://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/topics/
bukyoku/kenkou/suido/kikikanri/03.html5) ú¶J­ÈFu ¹ÆÉ¨¯éxò Ì±üÀÔyÑ±ü¢ÉÖ·éZp¿vÉÂ¢ÄC12 (2009).
http: // www.mhlw.go.jp / topics / bukyoku / kenkou / suido /jousui/01.html
6) ªØ³êFú{ ¶¨wïC24, 28 (1988).
7) úiÎÌIÈÛSÌ½ßÌvæ¢²¸ÏõïCæ 1ñÏõïQl¿_1 yÑ 2 (2011).
http://www.mlit.go.jp/crd/daisei/biwako_hozen/kentou1_
06_sankoushiryou.pdf
8) er OFJapan Analyst, 12, 1530 (1973).
9) ªØ³êFq¶Èw 29, 16 (1983).
10) ì ¿÷q¶h~A¦cïFúiÎÌJrLiÙLj
1984).
ÉÂ¢Äi1970_1975, 1981_11) ì ¿¦cïúiÎè_ìÆïFúiÎè_ÏªñCºa58, 59, 60, 61Nxi1984_1987jD12) ºõqFp Æp C30, 872 (1988).
13) M. Kakimoto, T. Ishikawa, A. Miyagi, K. Saito, M. Miyaki,
T. Asaeda, M. Yamaguchi, H. Uchimiya and M. Kawai­
Yamada: J. Plant Physiol. J Plant Physiol. 171, 292 (2014).
14) åvÛqiFA¨ÈwÌÅOüiBSJ_Review), 1, 43(2010).
15) Ò ²mCVRDqFú{vNgwïñC59, 30(2012).
16) A. G. Michette, Optical Systems for Soft X­Rays (Plenum,úËõ Sept. 2014 Vol.27 No.5  263

17)
18)

19)

20)
21)

22)

23)

24)
25)

1986), 2.
B. L. Henke, E. M. Gullikson and J. C. Davis: At. Data Nucl.
Data Tab., 54, 181 (1993).
B. L. Henke: The data set of Henke et al. (Henke, et al.,1993) can be obtained on Internet using http://www­cxro.lbl.gov/optical_constants (1996).
G. Schmahl, D. Rudolph, B. Niemann, P. Guttmann, J.
Thieme, G. Schneider, C. David, M. Diehl and T. Wilhein:
Optik, 93, 95 (1993).
J. Kirz, C. Jacobsen and M. Howells: Q. Rev. Biophys., 28,
33 (1995).
A. Hirai, K. Takemoto, K. Nishino, N. Watanabe, E. Ander­son, D. Attwood, D. Kern, M. Hettwer, D. Rudolph, S. Aoki,
Y. Nakayama, and H. Kihara: J. Synchrotron Rad., 5, 1102
(1998).
A. Hirai, K. Takemoto, K. Nishino, B. Niemann, M. Het­
twer, D. Rudolph, E. Anderson, D. Attwood, D. Kern, Y.
Nakayama, and H. Kihara: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 38, 274(1999).
H. Iwasaki, Y. Nakayama, K. Ozutsumi, Y. Yamamoto, Y.
Tokunaga, H. Saisho, T. Matsubara, and S. Ikeda: J. Syn­chrotoron Rad., 5, 1162 (1998).
M. Hettwer and D. Rudolph: X­Ray Microscopy and Spec­
tromicroscopy (Springer­Verlag, 1998) IV21.
B. Niemann, D. Rudoloh, and G. Schmahl: Opt. Commun.,12, 160 (1974).

264  úËõ Sept. 2014 Vol.27 No.5

26)
27)

28)

29)
30)

31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
37)
38)

A. G. Michette: Optical Systems for Soft X­Rays (Plenum,1986) 176.
T. Ohigashi, H. Fujii, K. Usui, H. Namba, H. Mizutani, K.
Takemoto, and H. Kihara: AIP Conf. Proc., 1365, 124(2011).
M. Kimura, K. Takemoto, Y. Ohashi, T. Ohigashi, K.
Nakanishi, H. Namba, and H. Kihara: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.,
50, 026601_
1 (2011).
K. Usui, T. Ohigashi, H. Namba, K. Takemoto, H. Kihara:Mem. SR Cent. Ritsumeikan Univ., 13, 207 (2011).
|{MqCR{ÍkC c Cê£ @Cgº^jCïg G  C Ø ´ T F ú {   ¶ ¨ w ï  C 48, 157(2012).
|{MqCê£ @Cåô¡CrJm¢CïgGCØ´ TFú{ ¶¨wïC47, 131 (2011).
H. Ris and R. N. Singh: J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol., 9, 63(1961).
E. Gantt and S. F. Conti: J. Bacteriol., 97, 1486 (1969).
M. R. Edwards and E. Gantt: J. Cell Biol., 50, 896 (1971).
E. J. Thomas and M. S. Linda: J. Bacteriol., 106, 683(1971).
Y. Asato and H. S. Ginoza: Nature New Biol., 244, 132(1973).
M. R. Thomas and E. K. Kirston: Cell, 9, 551 (1976).
D. F. Savage, B. Afonso, A. H. Chen and P. A. Silve:
Science, 327, 1258 (2010).

gsbNX ¡ î X ü°÷¾ÉæéúiÎY

óJrLY¶Ì×Eà÷×\¢Ï@

ÒÐî
|{Mq

Ö¼ãÈåwãw¨w³ºy³ö
E­mail: takemotohirakata.kmu.ac.jpêåFX ü°÷¾wCoCIC[WOwmªðn
1995N 9 HÆåwåw@Hw¤ÈmãúÛöúI¹imiHwj
jB
1995N10Ö¼ãÈåwãw¨w³ºèC1999N 5 Ö¼ãÈåwãw¨w³ºutC2010N11æè»EBgº^j§½ÙåwÈwZp¤@\êå¤õE­mail: m­yosimufc.ritsumei.ac.jpêåFÅÌ¨wmªðn
2010N 3 ÞÇæ[ÈwZpåw@åw¨¿n¬Èw¤ÈmãúÛö¤w±FèÞwBmiwjB2010N 4 æè
»E

åô¡

ªqÈw¤É[Oõ¤{Ý³E­mail: ohigashiims.ac.jpêåFX üõw
mªðn
2003N}gåwåw@mÛöC¹iH
wmjB}gåwHw¤ÈutCkåw½³¨¿Èw¤¤xÒCPxõÈw¤Z^[¦Í¤õC§½
ÙåwHw¤@\|XghNg
tF[ðoÄ2011N 8 æè»EB

R{Ík·loCIåw³ö
E­mai: a_yamamotonagahama­i­bio.ac.
jpêåF×E¶¨wCdq°÷¾w
mªðn
1981N 3 såwåw@w¤ÈA¨wêUmÛöI¹BwmB1982
N 4 ú{wpU»ï§ã¤õB1984
N 1 Ö¼ãÈåwãwi¶wæêuÀ  j  è C 1988 N 4  æ è ¯ u t C
2003N 4 æè»EBê£@ê§úiÎÂ«Èw¤Z^[êåõE­mail: ichise­satoshipref.shiga.lg.jp
êåFÂ«¶ÔHwiV¶¨jmªðn
1977N 4  ê§§q¶Â«Z^[¿ÛÎ±C YZtB2005N 4  ê§úiÎÂ«Èw¤Z^[Î±CÂ«ÄåêåõÉåCêåõÉQB2013
N 4 æè»EB
kåwåw@Hw¤ÈÂ«¶ÔHw¤ºmÛö²ÆiHwmjBcO¿ Ç ¢ Ïõ iÂ «È Ïõ jBr
iÂ« jÇÌoCIAbZCZp¢ÏõiÂ«ÈÏõjB2013Næèú{ ¶¨wïï·BïgG§½ÙåwHw³ö
E­mail: nambase.ritsumei.ac.jp
êåF\Ê¨«CúËõÈw
mªðn
1977N 3 wK@åwåw@©RÈw¤ÈmÛöúÞwCwmB1977
N 4 wK@åwwèB1981N 3
åw¨«¤Cú{wpU»ïÁèÌæ§ã¤õB1983N12åwwèB1996N 4 æè»EBØ´

T

wZ@lÉúm{w·CPHúm{Zúåww·C¼Ã®åwVNgõ¤Z^[qõ³öC§½Ùåw SRZ^[ÚâCÖ¼ãÈåw¼_³ö
E­mail: kiharah1234gmail.comêåF¶¨¨wCX ü°÷¾w
mªðn
1972N 3 åwåw@wn¤È¨wêåÛöPÊæ¾ÞwC1979N 3
wmi_¶mjC1972N 4 æè©¡ãÈåwãwutC1987N 4 æè©¡ãÈåwÅìZúåw³öCw·â²C1993N 8 æèÖ¼ãÈåw³öC
2012N 3 ¯èNÞEC2012N 4 æè¼Ã®åwVNgõ¤Z^[
qõ³öC§½Ùåw SR Z^[ÚâB
2013N 8 æèwZ@lúm{w·C2014N 4 æèPHúm{Zúåww·ð¹CBúËõ Sept. 2014 Vol.27 No.5  265

Soft X­ray micro imaging of musty­odor produc­ing lamentous cyanobacteria isolated from Lake
Biwa
Kuniko TAKEMOTO

Department of Physics, Kansai Medical University2_
5_1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573_1010, Japan

Masashi YOSHIMURAThe SR Center, Ritsumeikan University
1_
1_1, Noji­Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525_8577, Japan

Takuji OHIGASHIUVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of
Natural Science
38 Nishigo­Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444_
8585, Japan

Akitsugu YAMAMOTO

Nagahama Institute of Bio­Science and Technology,
1266 Tamura­cho, Nagahama, Shiga, 526_0829, Japan

Satoshi ICHISE
Hidetoshi NAMBA

5_34, Yanagasaki, Otsu, Shiga, 520_
0022, Japan

Hiroshi KIHARAThe SR Center, Ritsumeikan University
1_
1_1, Noji­Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525_8577, Japan

Abstract

Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
1_
1_1, Noji­Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525_8577, Japan

Soft X­ray microscopy was applied to identify the type of Phormidium tenue (Pseudanabaena sp.)producing musty odor which have frequently occurred in Lake Biwa. While musty odor producing
strain (PTG) was composed of thick cells, non­producing strain (PTB) was composed of slender
cells. Although several granules were observed in both strains, size and the size distribution of the
granules were dierent between PTG and PTB. Soft X­ray microscope is expected to be a new ap­
propriate observation tool of micro­cyanobacteria, together with a transmission electron micro­
scope and a low temperature/low vacuum scanning electron microscope.

266  úËõ Sept. 2014 Vol.27 No.5