SRC プレシンポ国際会議

ユーラシアから見た
中東難民と欧州統合
Middle Eastern Migration/Refugees
and European Integrationfrom Eurasian Viewpoints

Slavic-Eurasian Research Center, Hokkaido University
Conference Hall, December 9. 2015

Contents

Program of the conference

3p.

Abstract of the Papers

4p.

About the Panelists

10p.

2

Program
Opening Remarks with silent prayer for all the concerned victims
INOUE Koich, Hokkaido University (Professor Emeritus)First Session: 9:00-11:00”Middle East and Europe in a historical perspective”
Chair: IEDA Osamu
KUROKI Hidemitsu: An inevitable wave?: Syrian (and Lebanese) migrants to Europe inhistorical context
NOSAKA-SAHARA Junko, Rethinking 200 years of refugees and migrants on theBlack Sea coast
Basak KALE, Comparing Migration Management through the lenses of mass refugee
movements: EU and Turkey （online presentaion through Skype）
EMDO Ken, European integration in the face of the refugee crisis
Discussant: Sahara Tetsuya
Second session: 11:10-13:20"Middle East refugees and European integration" (Roundtable)
Chair: MINAGAWA Shugo
IMAI Kohei: The effectiveness and limit of Turkey's humanitarian diplomacy - The caseof response to Syrian refugeeSZERDAHELYI István, Hungarian Ambassador to Japan
Bostjan BELTALANIC: The refugee situation from the Slovenian and wider Balkan
perspective
KUBOYAMA Ryo: Refugee Policy and Politics in Germany
SENGOKU Manabu: European migrant crisis and general election in Poland
Lunch time: 13:20-14:15
Third session: 14:15-16:00"Refugee issue and the world" (Roundtable)
Chair: OTSURU Atsushi
Hans Carl von WERTHERN , Ambassador of Federal Republic of Germany
to Japan
UMEHARA Toshiya, Year 2015 for EU: An ‘Annus Horribilis’ or Beginning of the End
MORITA Tsuneo: Reality seen from Hungary
NISHIKIDA Aiko: The choice to move: Palestinian refugees' migration to European
countries
Deha ERPEK （Minister Counsellor of Turkish Embassy）

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Abstract (not for citation)
報告要旨集 Summaries
第一セッション Session One
黒木英充（東京外国語大学）Hidemitsu KUROKI"An inevitable wave?: Syrian (and Lebanese) migrants to Europe
in historical context"
野坂潤子（ビルケント大学） Junko NOSAKA“Rethinking the 200 Years of Refugees and Migrants on the Black Sea Coast”
The migration of large numbers of people is one of the mostimportant indicators showing the transformation socio-political structure in
the world. Historically, we have seen the phenomena of mass migration at
the decisive turning points of the world history. The migration from theNorth coast of the Black Sea to the Ottoman Empire starting in the late 18th
century and reaching its peak in the 1860s was one of the most symbolic
cases. Starting from the migration of Crimean Tatars after Russianannexation of the Crimean Khanate in 1783, according to some scholars,
approximately 2 million people of various Caucasian nations, mainly
Circassians, had migrated to the Ottoman Empire by the end of the 1860s.
The most intensive phase was recorded between the end of Crimean war in1856 and the end of Caucasian War in 1864.
The processes and backgrounds of those migrations encompassed
quite diverse contexts and conditions, conventionally two different
arguments dominate the historical writings and literature. Turkish andpro-Turkish point of view generally underscore that the authorities of
Russian Empire tried to enforce a certain consistent demographic policy of
ethnic cleansing by expelling Muslim peoples who had been disobedient to
Russian rule. Russian or Russophile assessment emphasize that such a hugescale of migration could not have occurred without provocations on the
Ottoman side. There were arguably certain arrangements between the
Russian and the Ottoman authorities. Christians of various ethnic
backgrounds, for instance, migrated from the Ottoman territories to Russia
almost simultaneously with those Muslim migrations. Bulgarians colonized
themselves along the Russian Black Sea coast during the 18th and 19th
centuries, accentuated by a series of Russo-Turkish wars (1768-74,
1787-91,1806-12, 1828-29, 1853-56, 1877-78).
In those cases, there were certain understandings or tacitagreements between the Ottomans and Romanovs. Regardless thediscussion whichever sides played more provocative roles in each case, it is of
no doubt the demographic structure around the Black Sea violently changed
during the 19th century. In addition, many migrants had to suffer fromconstant relocations, such as those who settled in the Balkans were
subsequently forced to move to Anatolia as a result of the independence of
Bulgaria.
The process continued well into the 20th century. So called theWhite émigrés migrated from Russia during the civil war that followed the1917 Revolution. Many of them moved to the Balkans and the Western
Europe via Istanbul. Under the Soviet rule, Chechens, Ingushes, Crimean
4

Tatars, and Meskhetian Turks were deported from their homeland in the
Caucasus or the Black Sea coast to Central Asia and Siberia in the last daysof the World War II. Even recently, as a result of Chechen wars since the1990s, many Chechens took refuge in Turkey.
In short, in the last 200 years, the vicinity of the Black Sea saw along-lasting wave of mass migration. Those migrants have built theirDiaspora communities across the international borders. Those communities
were often politicized and constituted the hot bed of trans-bordernationalism or other forms of trans-border movement. So far the focus ofacademic discussion is still centered on the witch-hunt like search for theperpetrators of forced deportation, though. It is rather more important, fromthe contemporary point of view, to focus on the spread of human resources
and the concomitant transfer of technology or information as a result of
migrations.
Basak Kale（中東工科大学）“Comparing Migration Management through the lenses of mass refugee
movements: EU and Turkey"
Migration is a challenging issue affecting states around the globe. The recent refugee
crisis in the Mediterranean has shown that refugee and asylum issues will be affecting
solidarity among the EU member states. The mismanagement of the refugee crisis isproviding a deeper philosophical, moral and ethical challenge for the foundations of theUnion than the challenges brought by the Eurozone crisis. The recent terrorist attacks in
Paris also bring further challenges of security, migration, identity, and solidarity. Turkey
as a transit and destination country has reached its limitations on handling more than 2
million Syrian refugees. This presentation aims to bring those discussions under asystematic analysis and show how the Syrian refugee crisis can provide an opportunity
for the development an effective and durable international burden-sharing regime bothat the regional and global level. The lack of commitment for burden sharing puts
receiving countries under immense financial, political and social pressures, which havedirect consequence on the humanitarian assistance that refuges can receive. The EU’s
responses to this crisis also provided a general outlook on how cooperation in this field
can shape the direction of European integration. Addressing these fundamental
questions the paper will present the possible mechanisms such as financial support,
quotas, transfer of know-how and sharing best practices can provide cooperation in thiscritical field.
遠藤乾（北海道大学）Ken ENDO
‘European integration in the face of the refugee crisis’This presentation is intended to explore the state of European integration in
the face of the refugee crisis. It first attempts to situate the current crisis
within the context of preceding crises faced by the EU. It will becharacterised as the first-class external challenge, which the EU has notbeen historically made to suitably meet. Even worse, the EU constitutes
itself as part of the problem, rather than the solution, as it is unable tocontrol the inflow of migrants/refugees; and at least three of 10-odd
terrorists at Paris disguised themselves as refugees travelling through theBalkan route. A dysfunctional Schengen points to its retreat or
reorganisation. The post-11/13 recourse by France to TEU Art. 42.7 may
increase pan-EU collective risk for another terrorist attack. Yet, the current
crisis will not by itself lead to the collapse of the EU. The real challenge liesin the domestic sphere. If this external crisis is ‘translated’ into the internal
decay, the crisis could be an existential one. Whilst the rise of populist and5Eurosceptics forces are often overplayed, they are certainly empowered by
the massive arrival of migrants/refugees and may indeed come to hit theentire project of European construction. The Brexit would cut the EU’spresence down to size; and the worst (though unlikely) scenario would be theshaking of the hitherto stable German democracy.
第二セッション Session Two
今井宏平（明治大学）Kohei IMAIThe effectiveness and limit of Turkey's humanitarian diplomacy-The case of
response to Syrian refugeesAt the fifth conference of Turkish ambassadors held in January 2013 thenTurkish Foreign Minister / current Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu
declared that the pillar of the nation’s foreign policy would be “humanitarian
diplomacy”. According to Davutoğlu, the Turkish government and citizens
should tackle, with urgency, humanitarian crises like that resulting from thecivil war, natural disasters, and refugee issues. For suggesting the idea of
humanitarian diplomacy, he doubtlessly thought primary of Syrian refugees.
In the wake of the outbreak of the Syrian Crisis in March 2011, millions
of Syrian refugees fled their country (7,632,500) and flowed into neighboring
countries like Iraq (244,765), Jordan (632,762), Lebanon (1,075,637), andTurkey (2,181,293). Turkish government has adopted “open-door policy” andaccepted Syrian refugees as “guests”. Turkish Prime Ministry's Disaster andEmergency Management Presidency (AFAD), Turkish Red Crescent Society,and several NGOs have mainly dealt with the refugee population in Turkey.
So far, Turkish government has created twenty five refugee camps andimplemented so-called “Zero-point action”, which AFAD and Turkish Red
Crescent Society have crossed the border for protecting Syrians near Kilis,
Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa, and Hatay. Syrian refugees can receive “safety” inTurkey.
However, prolonged Syrian Crisis has produced a lot of difficulties forboth Turkish government and Syrian refugees in Turkey. Economically,
Syrian refugees put pressure on governmental financial resource. Also, alarge number of refugees in Turkey live outside the camps. In several cities,
flow of Syrian refugees causes friction with Turkish society. On the other
hand, Syrian refugees cannot satisfied with “guests” status. Now, it isdifficult for Syrian refugees to get a high-income job and to earn higher
education in Turkey. Therefore, a considerable number of Syrian refugees
have attempted to move from Turkey to European countries.
The aim of this presentation is to explore the effectiveness and limit ofTurkey’s humanitarian diplomacy toward the Syrian refugees. First of all, it
overviews the concept of Turkey’s humanitarian diplomacy. Second part
outlines the situation of Syrian refugees in Turkey. Third part focuses on theactivities of AFAD and several NGOs. In addition, this presentation briefly
sums up the recent cooperation between Turkey and European Union foraiding Syrian refugees.
Bostjan Bertalanic（城西大学）"Slovenia on the Balkan Route:
A Small Country Perspective of the European Refugee Crisis"
Slovenia as the smallest country on the Balkan migratory route faced theEuropean refugee crisis through three separate stages. In my presentation I
intend to explain how did Slovenia address this situation and what have6

been the results and problems of the Slovenian approach. I will address
every stage and describe the unfolding of the crisis comparatively on threelevels: the Slovenian country level, the Western Balkan sub-regional level
and the wider European institutional level.
I set the beginning of the first stage with the conclusion of theConference on the Western Balkans held in Vienna at the end of this August,when it was agreed that the Western Balkan route has become the primarytransit of migratory flows from the Eastern Mediterranean to the EU.
The second stage was set off by the closure of the Hungarian borderwith Croatia and the consequent redirection of the main flow of refugees
through Slovenia. This was THE shock wave that forced Slovenia to activate
the European civil protection mechanism and called for a special EU-Balkan
mini-summit over the refugee crisis.
In the third stage, although the flow of refugees/migrants was relatively
stabilized, Slovenia began building a fence along the border with Croatia. It
also jumpstarted a separate non-EU sub-regional coordination mechanism
which aims at improving police coordination and border protection measures
between Balkan states.
In the end, I would like to argue how all three stages have beencharacterized by building up of tensions in the sub-region and a growing
disillusion towards the EU’s weak and divided response to the crisis.
久保山亮（専修大学）Ryo KUBOYAMA
Development of Refugee Policy and Civil Society in Germany
My presentation focuses on the cases of Germany, the phase of policy development andthe aspect of civil society’s approach to accept and help the refugees.
It is not until the 25. August, the decision of the prime minister Merkel tosuspend Dublin System regarding the Syrian refugees and accept them to German that
Germany began to tackles on the problem of the Syrian refugees. For example, German
ministers of interior decided to accept 10,000 Syrian refugees in the scheme ofhumanitarian Protection already in December 2013. Federal Office for Migration andRefugees also already in November last year, decided that the Office no longer examine
individual applications for asylum by the Syrian refuges, but automatically grant thestatus of refugees to be protected according to the International Convention on Refugee
Status to all refugees from Syria.
In the first half of this presentation, I trace the recent development of theGerman government’s policy for the refugees, especially from Syria. In the last half ofthe presentation, I will deal with the problems of social integration of the Syrian
refugees, particularly the integration to the labour market, and then various approaches
from the side of civil society to refugees, emphasizing that civil society has fostered themature political and social culture to accept and care refugees. I also introduce an
example of small local community with the problems of declining population andincrease in vacant houses to actively accept refugees.
仙石学（SRC）Manabu SENGOKU
European migrant/refugee crisis and general election in Poland:
does the refugee issue matter?
My presentation would focus on the effect of the migrant/refugee crisis upon
the general election in Poland held this October. And the main topics isthat though the migrant/refugee crisis has not decisively affected the resultsof the general election, the opposition party PiS could obtain landslide
7

victory by this crisis, as PiS could attract more support from those who had anegative attitude to refugees
The political environment had changed since the presidential election in May.
This time younger people, who had been dissatisfied with the liberal
economic policies of PO, had voted for the Kukiz, who insisted destruction of
the established party politics, and the incumbent Komorowski had lost theelection because of this loss of support from younger generation. After the
migrant/refugee crisis had gradually begun surfacing in August, Polishsociety had been polarized whether they should accept the quota of refugees.
And at the general election in October, though the main factor that affected
the results of the election was the difference of electoral campaign between
PiS and PO, it also become clear that those who disagree with the receptionof refugees had a strong tendency to go for a vote and vote for PiS, and thishelped PiS to obtain a so-called landslide victory.
第三セッション
梅原季哉（朝日新聞 欧州総局長）Toshiya UMEHARA“Year 2015 for EU
An ‘Annus Horribilis’ or Beginning of The End?”
European Union and its direction of integration has suffered multiple blowsof considerable degree in this year. Those are namely; the Greek financial
crisis, the Mediterranean refugee crisis, and two terror attacks on Paris in
January and November.
Each has a negative impact on a particular area of European integration
EU has achieved in the last six decades.: Greek financial crisis degraded theconfidence on Euro, the common currency. The refugee crisis has developed
into a serious shaking up of the principle of freedom of movement. The
terror attacks, especially the latest one, pose important questions as to thevalidity of EU’s common foreign and security policy (CFSP).
The three crises came together not coincidently but are somehow
interrelated in their backgrounds. A particular common feature one canobserve out of these is the way politicians, especially of populistic parties ofboth left and right are using these crises as their springboard to enhancetheir political clout by denouncing EU as a superstate, a symbol ofestablished European political elites.
Together these crises have a fair degree of potential to derail the existingcourse of European integration and already there have emerged somediscourses that maybe we are witnessing the beginning of the end of EU as
we know it. Given the ability EU has shown in its history to come up with
political compromises, it is still way too early to write up a political obituaryof EU. Yet it is certain that EU is currently suffering several levels ofidentity crises. With the possibility of concerning parties’ making
miscalculations with each other’s intentions, further worsening of EU
politics or even moves towards disintegration cannot be overruled.
Finally for Japan, these issues might look remote. Yet all three crises haveglobal implications and important lessons can be learnt from experiences of
EU on how to resist nationalist and/or populist temptations and tackle
trans-border agendas.
盛田常夫（立山 R&D ヨーロッパ KFT）Tsuneo MORITA
Reality Seen from Hungary (summary)
Hungary was severely criticized in its attitude and manners to receive8asylum seekers and migrants from Syria and other countries in September
2015, when mass flow of migrants to Europe began. Especially politicians ofneighboring countries violently denounced Hungarian government for
tightening border control by constructing wire fence along Serbian border.
Most denouncement is based on some ideological prejudice that Hungarian
government has been conducting very narrow nationalistic policy insacrificing EU common policy. However, as the present situation shows,
every politician, even Hungarian politicians too, underestimated the scaleof migration of this year, and not well be prepared for the mass inflow of
migrants. Nevertheless, not only politician, but international media, forexample CNN also continuously criticizes Hungarian government, evenwith inventing false story of merciless Hungary.
What was the truth on Hungary in turbulent September 2015? Why did
CNN create false story? What is the main cause of mass migration
movement in 2015? It is clear that mass flow of asylum seekers from Syria,
Iraq and Afghanistan in these years are the result of destruction of Muslim
society by the US and its alliance, and especially air strikes executed by the
US since Sept. 2014 has brought with mass flow of migrants in this year. It
is also true that there are several organizations who are helping andassisting smuggling of migrants. What is the intention of Georgy Soros whostrongly assists migrants to Europe? How can we judge the present mass
flow of migrants from historical perspective?
錦田愛子（東京外国語大学）Aiko NISHIKIDA
The choice to move – Palestinian refugees' migration to European countries”
There was unprecedented attention paid toward refugees from the Middle East in thesummer 2015. Both governments and civilians of the pivotal EU countries proclaimed
support to Syrians who fled overseas from conflicts. However, such phenomenon isneither new nor limited to Syrians: there had been exactly the same stream of people
seeking refuge from several Middle Eastern countries since long time ago. Palestinians
were one of them who have tried to reach EU countries through Libya, Greece andTurkey. This paper focuses on these cases and tries to clarify their motivation, situationof resettlement, and problems they face in the host country. The analysis suggests
chronical and structural hardship of the Palestinians in Lebanon which propels people
to move to the other countries. In their case, it is difficult to differentiate between being
refugees and migrants as their background overlaps both situation. Citizenship andfamily reunification are the significant factors which influence their choice ofdestination. The process of migration is uncertain, and even if they could movesuccessfully, they continue to suffer from legal and social discrimination. Their
trajectory of move indicates fundamental issues on refugees. The cause of refuge is not
only war, poverty and natural disaster, but failure of absorption into state governance.
All what they need is citizenship, security and social welfare. In their despair toself-determination, people decide to move to a stable country in Europe.

9Panelists
井上紘一（北海道大学名誉教授）Koichi INOUE
Koichi INOUE is Professor Emeritus of Hokkaido University. After obtaining M.A. at
Graduate School of Sociology, University of Tokyo, he was assistant at ResearchInstitute of Northern Cultures, Faculty of Letters, Hokkaido University (1975-1983),
taught at Department of International Studies, Chubu University (1983-1987), Kansai
University of Foreign Studies (2004-2011), and was a research fellow at Slavic
Research Center, Hokkaido University (1994-2004). He was Director at the Slavic
Research Center (1998-2000). He specializes in cultural anthropology, and Siberianstudies in particular. His main publications are: ‘Quest for Models of Coexistence:
National and Ethnic Dimensions of Changes in the Slavic Eurasian World’ (SRC, 1998);‘Sakhalin Ainu Folk Craft’ (2002); ‘A Critical Biography of Bronisław Piłsudski’(Saitama Univ., 2010); and ‘Bronisław Piłsudskis Sakhalin Ethnography’ (forthcoming).

第一セッション
司会：家田修（SRC）Osamu IEDA
Osamu Ieda is professor at SRC, Hokkaido University, specializing in East European
studies, especially in Hungary. He graduated form Tokyo University, and studied
European economic history at the graduate school of economics, Tokyo University (Dr.
of economics,1987). Assistant fellow at Hiroshima University (1986-1990), member of
SRC, Hokkaido University (1990-). Research fellow at St. Anthony’ College of Oxford
University (2001-2002). Visiting professor at the Research Institute of Humanity andNature (2008-2012). Editor-author of Beyond Sovereignty: from Status Law toTransnational Citizenship? SRC, 2006; Transboundary Symbiosis over the Danube:EU
integration between Slovakia and Hungary from a local border perspective, SRC, 2014;
Transboundary Symbiosis over the Danube :Ⅱ Road to a M
Symbiosis in the Mid-Danube Region, SRC, 2015. O. Ieda, Catastrophe andreconstruction from a regional and humanitarian perspective: Chernobyl,
Ajka, and Fukushima, In the light of history : edited by Chatthip Nartsupha andChris Baker, Sangsan, 2015
黒木英充（東京外国語大学）Hidemitsu KUROKI
Hidemitsu Kuroki is Professor at Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia andAfrica (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. His specialty is Ottoman history of Syria
and Lebanon. He has been Head of Japan Center for Middle Eastern Studies, ILCAA’s researchstation in Beirut, since 2006, and is a member of board of directors of Japan Association for
Middle East Studies. He graduated The University of Tokyo in 1985 and gained MA from thesame university in 1987. His positions were Research Associate, The University of Tokyo(1987-89), Assistant Professor, ILCAA (1989-1996), Associate Professor (1996-2005), andProfessor (2005-the present time). Besides works in Japanese, his publications include; H.
Kuroki (ed.), Human Mobility and Multiethnic Coexistence in Middle Eastern Urban Societies
1: Tehran, Aleppo, Istanbul, and Beirut (Tokyo, 2015); “Account Books of Oppression andBargaining: the Struggle for Justice and Profit in Ottoman Aleppo, 1784-90” in P. Sluglett & S.
Weber (eds.), Syria and Bilad al-Sham Under Ottoman Rule: Essays in Honour of Abdul-Karim
Rafeq (Leiden, 2010); H. Kuroki (ed.), The Influence of Human Mobility in Muslim Societies(London, 2003); “The 1819-20 Aleppo Disturbance As Reported by a French Dragoman,”
Mediterranean World 16(2001); “Events in Aleppo During Napoleon’s Expedition of Egypt,”
Bulletin d’Etudes Orientales 51(1999); “The 1850 Aleppo Disturbance Reconsidered,” Acta

10

Viennensia Ottomanica, Akten des 13. CIEPO-Symposiums vom 21. bis 25. September 1998 inWien (1999); “Zimmis in Mid-Nineteenth Century Aleppo: An Analysis of Cizye Defteris,”
Essays on Ottoman Civilization, Archiv Orientalni, Supplementa 8(1998); “The
Orthodox-Catholic Clash in Aleppo in 1818,”Orient 29 (1993).

野坂潤子（ビルケント大学）Junko NOSAKA-SAHARA
Affiliation: Bilkent University, Graduate School of Economics and Social
Sciences, Department of History
EDUCATION
Doctoral Program:
Bilkent University, Turkey, 2012Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences
Department of History
Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan, 1996-2005.
Graduate School of Humanities
Department of History (Doctoral Course),
Master’s Program:
Hokkaido University, Japan, 1988-1994.
Graduate School of Letters
Master of Arts (Western History),
Interrupted due to Research Program in Sankt-Petersburg State University,
Russian Federation, 1992-1994.
Faculty of History
Research Student (Japan-Russia Student Exchange Program)
Undergraduate Degree:
Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Japan, 1984-1988.
Department of Russian Studies

Bachelor of Arts

Basak KALE（中東工科大学）
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Başak Kale is a Faculty Member in the Department of International
Relations, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara. She is also a research
fellow and the Coordinator of the Migration Program at the Jean Monnet Center of
Excellence Center for European Studies (JMCE CES), METU. She became one of theEuropean Marshall Memorial Fellows (EMMF) of the German Marshall Fund from 2011.
In 2009, Dr. Kale was a national winner and a world finalist of the Ten Young Outstanding
Persons (TOYP) Awards from the Junior Chamber International (JCI) in the category of“Political Science, Law, and Public Administration”. Dr. Kale graduated from Oxford
University with a DPhil. on the impact of EU law on the EU’s enlargement process in2009. Prior to this degree, she pursued a PhD. on international refugee regime at METU
in 2005. She also completed a MSc. in European Studies at the London School of
Economics (LSE) and a BSc. in Political Science and Public Administration at METU. In
addition to METU, she taught and conducted research at various institutions including UC
Berkeley, Boğaziçi University (İstanbul), and Hitotshubashi University (Tokyo). She ispart of the Turkish Migration group at COMPAS, Oxford University and a founding
member of Turkey’s first migration and asylum specific NGO, IGAM. She has also
consulted for various international organizations including the UNHCR, Council of Europe,
OSCE and the UN. Her research focuses on Turkey’s foreign policy, Turkey-EU relations,EU’s enlargement, Europeanization, migration policy and transatlantic energy security.
遠藤乾（北海道大学） Ken ENDO
Ken Endo is Professor of International Politics, Graduate School of Law & Graduate
11

School of Public Policy, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
After obtaining MA (cum laude) in European Studies at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,
Belgium, as Flemish Government Fellow, Professor Endo worked as Advisory Expert atthe ‘Cellule de Prosepective’ (Forward Studies Unit), the in-house think-tank of theEuropean Commission, Brussels, created by the then President Jacques Delors, in
1992-3, where he reported on the prospect of the Asia-Pacific region. He then moved toEngland where he obtained a D.Phil in Politics at St Antony's College, University of
Oxford, in 1996. The subsequent appointments include: Jean Monnet Fellow, European
University Institute (2000-01), Emile Noël Fellow, Harvard Law School (2001-02),
Visiting Professor, University of Tokyo (2003,07,15), Visiting Professor, Kyoto
University (2006), Visiting Professor, National Chengchi University (2008), Fernand
Braudel Senior Fellow, European University Institute (2009-10), Visiting Professor &Japan Chair, Sciences po, Paris (2005 & 2010).
His main publications are: The Presidency of the European Commission under Jacques
Delors: The Politics of Shared Leadership (Macmillan/St. Martin’s, 1999) and The End
of Integration – The realities and implications of the European Union (Iwanami, 2013,
in Japanese), for which he was awarded the prestigious Yomiuri-Chuo Koron Yoshi
Sakuzo prize in 2014. While he is currently engaged in a theoretical exercise on statesovereignty, Professor Endo served as one of the two commissioning editors of
Iwanami’s 8 vols. on Japanese security (2014-15).
Professor Endo is successively a member of study groups at MOFA’s policy planning
unit, where the relations between foreign policy and democracy were considered(2012-13) and where the state of Japanese international relations in 2030 is being
qualitatively projected and speculated (2013-14). He also works as a member of
1.5-truck Japan-Korea policy dialogue (2012-) and organizes similar events on
Sino-Japanese relations, in cooperation with the MOFA’s Asia-PacificDirectorate-General. Since 2015, he sits on the MOFA’s policy evaluation committee.
討論者：佐原徹哉（明治大学） Tetsuya SAYARA
Tetsuya SAHARA is professor, Lit.D, Faculty of Political Science and Economics
Meiji Universit. His research topic is history of Eastern Europ and Middle East, andcomparative studies of genocide. His main works include The international
Jihadism: A new type of threat and regional cooperation as a remedy, METU
Studies in Development, 43(2), pp.299-331, Guerrilla in the Balkans, in
Sahara ed., Institute of Contemporary History, 2007,『中東 民族問題の起源オスマン帝国とアルメニア人-』(白水社、 2014 年)、『ボスニア内戦-グローバ
リゼーションとカオ スの民族化-』(有志舎、2008 年)、、 『近代バルカン都市
社会史-多元主義空間における宗教と エスニシティ-』(刀水書房、2003 年)。
第二セッション Session Two
司会：皆川修吾（北海道大学名誉教授）Shugo MINAGAWA
MINAGAWA Shugo (MSc., Ph.D.) is Professor Emeritus of Hokkaido University andAichi Shukutoku University. He taught International Politics and Comparative Politics.
Founding Director of the Australian Research Center at Nanzan University (1987-1990).
He was Director at the Slavic Research Center (1993-1995). Executive Director,
Priority Research Project of the Ministry of Education ‘Changes in Slavic -EurasianWorld’(1995-1997). Senior Associate Memmber, St. Antony’s College, Oxford
University, Trinity Term, 1999. He was Founding Dean of the Graduate School of
Global Culture and Communication, Aichi Shukutoku University (2001-2010). He
specialized Soviet and Russian Politics. He published SUPREME SOVIET ORGANS(Nagoya Univ.Press,1985); THORNY PATH TO THE POST-PERESTROIKA WORLD12

(Hokkaido Univ.Press, 1992); RUSSIAN FEDERAL PARLIAMENT (Keisuisha, 2002).
今井宏平（明治大学）Kohei IMAI
Kohei IMAI is a Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)/ Meiji Univeresity. He received his BA and MA degrees from Chuo University,and concluded his Ph.D. in the Department of International Relations, Middle East
Technical University, Turkey in 2011 and Graduate School of Law (Major of Political
Science) at Chuo University in 2013 (dual Ph.D.). He was awarded a Government
scholarship of Republic of Turkey in 2006, and the scholarship of Ph.D. program in theabroad from 2008 to 2011 from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology, Japan. The title of his Ph.D. dissertation written in English is The
Possibility and Limit of Liberal Middle Power Policies: The Case of Turkish Foreign
Policy toward the Middle East during the AKP Period. He is the author of several
articles on Turkish foreign policy and the theory of International Relations including“Turkish-U.S. Relationships in the Middle East: Function and Limitation of Middle
Power”, International Relations: The Japan Association of International Relations,Vol.150, 2007 (in Japanese), “The phenomenon of cross border Islam” in Takashi
Oshimura (ed.), Cross border Politics, Hukosha, 2010 (in Japanese), “Turkey’s Norm
Diffusion Policies toward the Middle East: Turkey’s Role of Norm Entrepreneur andNorm Transmitter”, Ankara University Faculty of Political Science, The Turkish
Yearbook of International Relations, Vol.42, 2012 (in English), Contemporary Turkish
Foreign Policy toward the Middle East: Contributing to the Construction of theRegional Order, Minerva Shobo, 2015 (in Japanese), and “Does Western linkage
guarantee democratization? : The case of EU Accession Process and Turkey”,
International Relations: The Japan Association of International Relations, Vol.182,
2015 (in Japanese) .
István SZERDAHELYI （在日本ハンガリー国大使）
1983
Graduated from Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Humanities, Budapest.
Majors: History and Spanish Language and Literature (MA degree)1983
Research Fellow at Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Humanities, History
Teaching Methodological Research Group
1986
Lecturer at Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Humanities, Department ofModern World History (Modern History History of Asia)
1987
Second MA degree from Kobe University, Japan. Major: Modern Japanese
History and International Relations)
1990
Second Secretary, Embassy of the Republic of Hungary, Tokyo
1993
First Secretary, Embassy of the Republic of Hungary, Tokyo
1994
Lecturer at Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Humanities, Department ofModern World History
1998
PhD degree (International Relations , Political Sciences)
1999
Assistant Professor at Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Humanities,
Department of Modern World History
1999
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Hungary to
Japan
2000
Decorated by His Majesty the Emperor of Japan with The Order of RisingSun, Gold and Silver Star
2003
Assistant Professor at Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Humanities,
Department of Modern World History
2006
Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Japanese Studies
2009
Visiting Scholar, Hong Kong Baptist University, Department of Government
and International Studies
2010
Director General, Asia-Pacific Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
13

2011 Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Hungary toJapan (29th November)2012.01.01. Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Hungary to Japan(Due to the name change of the country)
Bostjan BERTALANIC（城西大学）"Dr. Boštjan Bertalanič is Associate Professor of International Relations in the Facultyof Contemporary Policy Studies at the Josai University. He previously taught in the
Department of African and Asian Studies at the University of Ljubljana in Slovenia. His
research interests include international relations and history of Japan, European
integration, international delimitation of borders, democratic transition and politicalscience methodology. He received his PhD in International Relations from the
University of Tokyo in 2012, and spent the 2013-2014 academic years as a JSPS
postdoctoral research fellow at the same university."

久保山亮（専修大学）Ryo KUBOYAMA
Lecturer of Department of Sociology, School of Human Sciences, Senshu
University,
2010
John F. Kennedy Institute for North American Studies (Free
University, Berlin) Research Grant Program, November
2009-January 2010
2009
IMISCOE Ph.D Winter School (organized by Patrick Simon) in INED,
Paris.
2006-2011
Ph. D Research, Bielefeld Graduate School of History and Sociology,
Bielefeld University, supervised by Prof. Dr. Thomas Faist
1999-2001
Course of Studies, Institute of International and Intercultural Studies,
Bremen University, with Scholarship of Rotary International
Foundation
1999-1996
Course of Studies, Doctoral Course, Graduate School of Arts and Science,
University of Tokyo
1996
Master in Arts and Science, University of Tokyo
1993-1996
Course of Studies, Master’s Course, Graduate School of Arts and Science,
University of Tokyo
2013Lecturer of Department of Sociology, School of Human Sciences,
Senshu University, Japan
2007-2010
Associate Researcher in the National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka,Japan
1998-1999
Lecturer of Global Sociology in the Yokohama College of Nursing,
Yokohama, Japan
Major Publications and Conference Papers
2010 (Japanese) Itsutsu no Taizai Seikika Regimes: Europe 15 kakoku to EU no Seikika
Seisaku no Hikaku (Five Legalization Regimes: Comparison of Legalization
Policy of Irregular Migrants in 15 European Countries and EU), in: Atushi Kondoet.al.ed., Hiseikitaizaisya to Zairyutokubetsukyoka (Irregular Migrants andSpecial Residence Permits), Tokyo: Nihon Hyoronsya Ltd., p.251-302.
2010 Four Paths of State’s Approach to International Migration: Preliminary
Outcomes of On-going analysis of Eleven European States’ Cases
within Historical Institutionalist Framework (IMISCOE Annual
Conference, Workshop -“Coming Closer or Moving Apart?” Theconvergence vs. divergence of migration policies in Europe,14.09.2010,
Liège, Belgium)14

2009 The Transformation from Restrictive to Selective Immigration Policy inEmerging National Competition State: Case of Japan in Asia-PacificRegion. Working Paper 61/2008, COMCAD - Center on Migration,
Citizenship and Development. Bielefeld
2008 The Transformation from Restrictive to Selective Immigration Policy in Emerging
National Competition State: Case of Japan in Asia-Pacific Region. (Conference„Migration(s) and Development(s), Transformation of Paradigms, Organizationsand Gender Orders, organized by the section "Sociology of Development andSocial Anthropology" and "Migration and Ethnic Relations" of the German
Sociological Association and the working group "Migration politics" of the German Political
Science Association, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Bielefeld University,
10.07.2008)
2008 How Did States Discover Immigration as a Political Object? Parliamentary
Discourse on Polenpolitik in Imperial Germany and Chinese Exclusion in the
USA in the Late 19th Century. (6th Multi-Ethnic Studies, Europe and America,
MESEA Conference, “Migration Matters”, University of Leiden, 28.06.2008)
2008 Four Paths in Liberal Democratic State’s Approach to Immigration: Comparing
Developments of State Immigration Control in 11 West European Countries.
(Annual Congress of the Japanese Society for Comparative Politics, Keio
University, Japan, 21.06.2008)2007 Constructing National Interests and Legitimacy for Immigration Control:
Parliamentary discourses on "Polenpolitik" in Imperial Germany and "Chinese
Exclusion" in the USA of the late 19th century. (1st International Conference on
Political Discourse Strategies, University of Seville, Spain, 27.09.2007)
2006 (Japanese) Grey Zone no Imin to Jichitai no Iminseisaku: jyusoka suru Imin to
Kokka, Cyukandantai, Chiiki (Migrants of »Grey Zone« und Communal
Migration Policy: Polarization of Migrants and Roles of State, Intermediary
Organizations, and Local Community in Germany) (Symposium, Imin to tomoni
kawaru „Kokka to Chiiki [Migrants and Their Impacts on State and Local
Community], National Museum of Ethnology, Japan, 28.03.2007)2005 (Japanese) Iminseisaku to Kokunaiseiji: igirisu to doitsu no chyudosaha seikenka
de no kozotenkan (Immigration Policy and Domestic Politics in Europe:
Structural Change under the middle-left governments in U.K and Germany), in:Yamaguchi, J, et.al. ed., Shiminminssyakaiminshyushyugi no Chosen (Challengeof Civic Social Democracy), Tokyo: Nihon Keizai Hyoronsha Ltd., p.185-217.
2005 (Japanese) Iminseisaku to Kokunaiseiji: igirisu to doitsu no chyudosaha seikenka
de no kozotenkan (Immigration Policy and Domestic Politics in Europe:
Structural Change under the middle-left governments in U.K and Germany), in:Yamaguchi, J, et.al. ed., Shiminminssyakaiminshyushyugi no Chosen (Challengeof Civic Social Democracy), Tokyo: Nihon Keizai Hyoronsha Ltd., p.185-217.
2004 (Japanese) Doitsu no Imminseisaku: Iminkoku he no shifuto (German Migration
Policy: On the Way to Immigration Country?) in: Koido, A, ed., Iminseisaku
no Kokusahikaku (Comparative Studies of Migration Policy), Tokyo:
Akashi-Shoten Ltd, 2003, p. 117-178.
2003 (Japanese) Kokka, Kigyo, Rodokumiai: Ohshyu-syokoku ni okeru Iminrodo no
poritikusu) State, Business Circle, and Trade Union: Typology of Politics of Labor
Migration in Europe and the USA, in: Miyajima, A, ed., Mainoritii to Syakaikozo(Minorities and Social Structures), Tokyo: University Press of Tokyo, p.177-208.
仙石学（SRC）Manabu SENGOKUSENGOKU Manabu is Professor at the Slavic-Eurasian Research Center,
Hokkaido University since 2014. He specializes in comparative politics andpolitical economy of Central and East European countries. He is currently
working on the comparative welfare and social security policy of these15

countries, mainly focusing on Visegrád and Baltic states.
His recent
publications include “Cash benefit institutions in Central and East
European countries," in Koichi Usami and Kumiko Makino, eds., Cashtransfer policies in emerging countries; ideational and discursive analysis(Chiba: IDE-JETRO, 2015, in Japanese), and "Welfare state institutions andwelfare politics in Central and Eastern Europe: the political background to
institutional diversity" in Tadayuki Hayashi and Atsushi Ogushi, eds.,
Post-Communist Transformations: The Countries of Central and Eastern
Europe and Russia in Comparative Perspective (Sapporo: Slavic ResearchCentre, 2009). He also co-edited Realities of neo-liberalism: Central andEastern Europe, Russia, and Latin America (Kyoto: Kyoto University Press,
2013, in Japanese) and Politics and Economy in the Post-Socialist Era:
Comparing Post-Soviet and Central/East European Countries (Sapporo:
Hokkaido University Press, 2011, in Japanese).
第三セッション Session Three
司会：大津留厚 Atsushi OTSURU

Atsushi OTSURU is Professor of European History at Graduate School of
Humanities, Kobe University. He received his M.A. in international politics
from the University of Tokyo in 1978, and taught at Osaka University of
Education from 1985 to 1998. He specializes in the modern history of the
Habsburg Empire and his recent publications include the following: Whenthe POWs Work (Jinbun Shoin, 2013), Introduction to the Historical Study ofthe Habsburg Empire (co-authored, Showado, 2013), The Microcosm of
Aonogahara POW Camp (co-authored, Yamakawa Shuppan, 2007), The
Experiment of the Habsburg Empire, rev. ed. (Shunpusha, 2007), and The
Possibility of the Central Europe (editor, Showado, 2006). He is also engaged
in the research on Aonogahara POW Camp in collaboration with Ono City.

Hans Carl von WERTHERN （在日本ドイツ連邦共和国大使）
1975-1979 Studies of Economics and Law, Mainz University
1979 Degree in Economics, Mainz University
1979-1984 Scientific Assistant, Mainz University
1984 Dr. rer. pol.
1984-1986 Attaché (training), Foreign Office, Bonn
1986-1987 Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy, Hamburg
1987-1990 DCM, Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany, Hanoi, Vietnam
1990-1992 Policy Desk, Permanent Representation of the FRG at NATO, Brussels
1992-1994 Deputy Head of the Training Division for Diplomats, Bonn
1994-1997 DCM, German Embassy, Asunción, Paraguay
1997-2000 Deputy Director for Western Europe, Bonn/Berlin
2000-2002 European Policy Adviser, Liberal Party Group in Deutscher Bundestag,
Berlin2003 Royal College of Defence Studies, London
MA in Internati
King’s College, London
2004-2005 Head of Task Force „Germany in Japan 2005/2006“, Foreign Office, Berlin
2005-2007 East Asia Director, Foreign Office, Berlin
2007-2008
Minister, Head of Poli
2008-2010 DCM, German Embassy, Beijing, China
2010-2011 Deputy Director General in charge of Personnel, Foreign Office, Berlin
2011-2014 Director General Central Services, Foreign Office, Berlin
since March 2014Ambassador, German Embassy, Tokyo, Japan
16

梅原季哉（朝日新聞 欧州総局長）Toshiya UMEHARA
Mr. Umehara joined the paper in 1988 in Nagasaki and has been engaging ininternational news reporting from 1990’s till now. Prior to London, hestationed as a diplomatic correspondent to Brussels, Vienna, andWashington. He covered many conflicts including Kosovo and Iraq, directlyfrom conflict zones. In his current position, he has coordinated, directed
and written articles by himself on various European issues, namely the
Greek financial crisis, European refugee crisis, and the two Paris terror
attacks both in January and November. Amongst the persons whom Mr.
Umehara interviewed are internationally well known personalities such as ;Colin Powell, Malala Yousafzai, and William Hague.
Mr. Umehara holds a B.A. in politics from International Christian
University. He was a Fellow in Foreign Service in Georgetown University inWashington DC., USA in 1993-94. He has published two books in Japanesein 2014 and 2015. The former one is about the unknown intelligencehistory surrounding WWII time Poland, Bulgaria and Japan. His second
book is a 100 years’ history of Sarajevo based on people’s witness stories fromfamilies with different ethnic background.
盛田常夫（立山 R&D ヨーロッパ KFT）Tsuneo MORITA
Education
1966-70 Dept. of Social Science, International Christian University
1970-75 Dept. of Economic Theory, Graduate School, Hitotsubashi
University, Tokyo, Japan
Professional information
1975-77 Full time Lecturer of Economics, Dept. of Sociology, Hosei
University, Tokyo
1977-85 Associate Professor of Economics, Dept. of Sociology, Hosei
University
1985-91 Professor of Economics, Dept. of Sociology, Hosei University
1988-90 Economic adviser to Embassy of Japan, Budapest, Hungary
1991-2001 Research Advisor to Nomura Research Institute, stationed in
Budapest
2002- Managing Director, Tateyama R&D Europe Ltd., Budapest,
Hungary
Monographs (in Japanese) include Hangari kaikakusi (History of Reforms in
Hungary), pp.239, Nihon Hyoron-sha, Tokyo, 1990, Taiseitenkan no
keizaigaku (Economics of System Transformation), pp.277, Sinseisha
Publisher, Tokyo, 1994, Posuto-Shakaishugi no seiji-keizaigaku (Political
Economy of Post-Socialism), pp.213, Nihon Hyron-sga, Tokyo, 2010.
Monographs (in Hungarian) include Változás és örökség (Change andLegacy), pp.203, Balassi Kiadó, Budapest, 2008, Változás és örökség (second
edition), pp. 211, Balassi Kiadó, Budapest, 2014.
錦田愛子（東京外国語大学）Aiko NISHIKIDA
Aiko NISHIKIDA is an Associate Professor (Ph. D) of Research Institute for
Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign
Studies.
Her major is Middle Eastern studies and political science. She got her Ph.D
from the Graduate University for Advanced Studies (in Japan) in March 2007.
17

She teaches Middle Eastern studies, political science, and international
relations in several universities in Japan. She gave a lecture titled “The Desireof the Refugees and the future state of Palestine” at the Ibrahim Abu-Lughod
Institute of International Studies, Birzeit University in Palestine in March
2013, and another lecture titled “Palestinians in Diaspora: Problems aroundtheir Naturalization in Jordan and Lebanon” at University of Malaysia Sabah
in August 2008. Her recent publications include “Migration transfrontalière etcitoyenneté – Migration palestinienne et formation de l’identité –,” édité par
Yu-Sion LIVE et Jun’ichi ODA. Culture(s), Création et Identités: Un Regard
Anthropologique pluriel. Actes du Colloque international de La Réunion.
ILCAA, Tokio, 2014; “Palestinian Migration under the Occupation: Influence ofIsraeli democracy and Stratified citizenship,” Sociology Study, Vol.3, No.4, 2013
with Shingo Hamanaka; Palestinians in Diaspora: Watan and their national
identity, Tokyo: Yushindo-Kobunsha, 2010 (in Japanese).
Deha Erpek（在日本トルコ共和国公使参事官）
EDUCATION
T.E.D. Ankara College Foundation High School
Ankara Gazi University / Economics
PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUNDJOINED THE TURKISH FOREIGN MINISTRY AS A CAREER DIPLOMAT INDECEMBER 1992
MARCH 1993-APRIL 1994
ATTACHE, DEPUTY DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR COMMONWEALTH OF
INDEPENDENT STATES (CIS SLAVIC COUNTRIES)APRIL 1994-DECEMBER 1994
MILITARY SERVICEDECEMBER 1994-SEPTEMBER 1995
ATTACHE, DEPUTY DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR COMMONWEALTH OF
INDEPENDENT STATES (CIS SLAVIC COUNTRIES)SEPTEMBER 1995-OCTOBER 1997
THIRD SECRETARY, TURKISH EMBASSY IN MANAMA/BAHRAINOCTOBER 1997-SEPTEMBER 2000
SECOND SECRETARY, TURKISH EMBASSY IN OSLO/NORWAYSEPTEMBER 2000-SEPTEMBER 2002
SECOND SECRETARY/FIRST SECRETARY, DEPUTY DIRECTORATE GENERALFOR AMERICAS (USA & CANADA)SEPTEMBER 2002-OCTOBER 2004
FIRST SECRETARY, TURKISH EMBASSY IN ABU DHABI/UAE
OCTOBER 2004-OCTOBER 2006
FIRST SECRETARY/COUNSELLOR, TURKISH EMBASSY IN MOSCOW/RUSSIAOCTOBER 2006-NOVEMBER 2008
HEAD OF SECTION/HEAD OF DEPARTMENT, DEPUTY DIRECTORATE
GENERAL FOR INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS (HEAD OF UN
DEPARTMENT)NOVEMBER 2008-OCTOBER 2010
CONSULGENERAL,
TURKISH
GENERAL
CONSULATEINNOVOROSSISK/RUSSIAOCTOBER 2010-OCTOBER 2012
FIRST COUNSELLOR, TURKISH EMBASSY IN PRETORIA/SOUTH AFRICAOCTOBER 2012-JUNE 2015
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT AT DEPUTY DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR
BILATERAL ECONOMIC AFFAIRS (IRAN, AFGHANISTAN, PAKISTAN, INDIA,BANGLADESH, SRI LANKA)
18

JULY 2015MINISTER COUNSELLOR, TURKISH EMBASSY IN TOKYO/JAPAN19