IJERD – International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development (2012) 3-2

Research article
erd

Use of BioClean and Liquid Biofertilizers in the Temples
for Enhancing a Natural Environment
SITTISAK UPARIVONG*
Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
Email: sittisak@kku.ac.th
Received 14 December 2011

Accepted 18 April 2012(*: Corresponding Author)

Abstract BioClean is the brand name of a liquid bioproduct, which had been produced byusing various types of flowers. Liquid biofertilizers had been produced by using local
available materials such as vegetables, fruits, herbaceous crops, etc. and molasses as
substrate, especially added with 18 species of zymogenic synthetic microorganisms. This
generation of bioclean products and liquid biofertilizers are aimed to serve to theenvironmental cleaning sector and the liquid biofertilizers sector for planting trees in thetemples and green areas near the region of Khon Kaen University. The board of 18
zymogenic synthetic microorganisms was transferred from the original microorganisms
seeding of previous research products of liquid biofertilizer, such as kku-1 and/or liquidbiofertilizer biotech-1. The product composition of bioclean and liquid biofertilizers were
investigated by standard methods for standard products, and the quality of products wasdetermined by field testing with crops such as water convolvulus; flowers, and water
quality treatment for fish living before servicing products to the temples for naturalenvironment. The services project of both products were designed to treat the two templesof Wat Adulkaewmordee and Wat Nonmuang near the region of Khon Kaen University onthe   event   of   “Temples   big   cleaning   day   2011”   for   natural   environment   treatments   by  utilizing bioclean products at 1:2000 (0.05%) for cleaning and wastewater treatment, andutilizing liquid biofertilizer products at 1:500 for planted trees and green areas.
Furthermore, liquid biofertilizer products had been utilized to plant trees along the mainroad at Khon Kaen University. The evaluation results of satisfactory services rating of
projects of bioclean and liquid biofertilizers to the both temples and green areas had
satisfactory results as 4.26 average score value or 85.3%, evaluated by the expert board often  committees’s  considerations.
Keywords BioClean, liquid biofertilizers, 18 zymogenic synthetic microorganisms(18 ZSMs), temples, environment

INTRODUCTION
BioClean is an original brand product that plays an important role as a liquid bioproduct of various
flowers. Liquid biofertilizers are liquid bioproducts of various local available materials such as
vegetables; fruits; some herbaceous crops; etc. Bioclean and liquid biofertilizers are produced
under a similar process but only from different raw materials. The name of bioclean was used inorder to solve an odour problem of liquid biofertilizers that responded the interested users. The
original bioclean had been produced by using 14 diversities of odoriferous flowers since 2003
(Uparivong, 2009). The original liquid biofertilizer kku-1 had been produced since 2002
(Uparivong, 2002). For this generation products, bioclean was produced by using various flowers
donated during the graduated ceremony of Khon Kaen university in 2010, meanwhile liquidbiofertilizers biotech-1 and liquid biofertilizer biotech-2 were produced by using the previous
research stocks of the original liquid biofertilizer biotech-1 and biotech-2 since 2003-2004(Uparivong, 2004). The targets of this project were aimed to serve for environmental and healthyliving  places  to  the  two  temples  of  “Wat  Adulkaewmordee”  and  “Wat  Nonmuang”  near  the  region  of Khon Kaen university, in order to utilize bioclean services for reducing odours such as floor;ⒸISERD200

IJERD – International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development (2012) 3-2

sewerage; bathroom/lavatory; wastewater treatment; water quality treatment; etc., and utilizing
liquid biofertilizers services for encouraging the plantation of trees and creation of green areas.
Moreover, project services had supported the promotion of green areas and plant trees along themain road at Khon Kaen University. Furthermore, bioclean could be applied for agricultural sectors
as liquid biofertilizers. Thus, the utilization of liquid biofertilizers may solve the problem of
degradated soil by increasing organic biofertilizers applied into soil land, and to increase thequality of organic agriculture products (Pairintra, 1991), and to improve the quality of life andhealth safety, and to respond the policy for agricultural products safety to kitchen of the world(Uparivong, 2004). The board of 18 zymogenic synthetic microorganisms (18 ZSMs) was selected
and invented by Prof. Dr. Chaitat Pairintra, former professor at Khon Kaen University to our
research  project  of  “Improvement  of  the  theparuge’s  liquid  biofertilizer  product”  since  2002.  The  18 ZSMs consisted of 9 bacteria, 6 fungi and 3 yeast species (Uparivong, 2002).
METHODOLOGY
Materials
The   originality   of   raw   materials   to   produce   “BioClean”   was   obtained   by   selecting   14      types   of  odoriferous flowers such as rose; marigold ; orchid; lotus; etc. since 2003 (Uparivong, 2009), andusing   organic   biomaterials   such   as   vegetables;;   fruits;;   herbaceous   crops;;   etc.   to   produce   “liquid  biofertilizers biotech-1”   and   “liquid   biofertilizer   biotech-2”   since   2003-2004 (Uparivong, 2004).
For this study, raw materials to produce   this   generation   of   “BioClean   (v.2010)”   were      various  flowers donated during the graduated ceremony at Khon Kaen University in 2010, and by using theprevious research stocks of original microorganism seeding of liquid biofertilizer biotech-1 andliquid biofertilizer biotech-2   to   produce   “liquid   biofertilizers   biotech-1   (v.2010)”   and   “liquid  biofertilizer biotech-2   (v.2010)”.   Thus,   the   original   microorganism   seeding   of   liquid   biofertilizer  biotech-1 and liquid biofertilizer biotech-2 were produced by utilizing the group of 18 zymogenic
synthetic microorganisms (18 ZSMs) which consisted of 9 bacteria, 6 fungi and 3 yeast species,
and transferred from the original microorganism seeding of liquid biofertilizer kku-1 (Uparivong,
2002). Molasses were supplied from sugar cane factories at the local areas of Udon Thani andKhon Kaen provinces.
Biofermentors and liquid biofermentors
Biofermentors and liquid biofermentors to produced this generation products of bioclean and liquidbiofertilizers had been supplied by using the previous research equipments of biofermentors andliquid biofermentors such as a 500-L liquid biofermentor model BT-1 equipped with a motor 1 hp
and with/or without a compressor air supply (Uparivong, 2004); a 500-L liquid biofermentor model
BT-2 equipped with a stirrer motor 1 hp and with/or without an air pump supply (Uparivong, 2006)
and a 500-L biofermentor or liquid biofermentor model BT-3 equipped with a stirrer motor 1 hp
and with/or without an air pump supply (Uparivong, 2007), as shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 Liquid biofermentors BT-1, 2, 3
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IJERD – International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development (2012) 3-2

Process methods
Methods to produce bioclean and liquid biofertilizers were the same excepting only for thedifferent raw materials (Uparivong, 2009; 2010). For these generation productions, bioclean (2011)used the diversities of donated odoriferous flowers as mention above, meanwhile liquidbiofertilizer biotech-1 (2011) and liquid biofertilizer biotech-2 (2011) utilized the previous researchstocks of original fermented liquid bioproducts of liquid biofertilizers biotech-1 and biotech-2 that
had been produced by using vegetables; fruits; some herbaceous crops; etc. (Uparivong, 2004;
2005; 2006; 2007). The 3 steps of this processing method are explained below.
First step, preparation: All available materials were cleaned and cut into small pieces forfermenting   as   the   ratio   as   “Materials   :   Molasses   :   Microorganism   seeding   of   liquid   biofertilizer  kku-1 or liquid biofertilizer biotech-1 or liquid biofertilizer biotech-2”   =   3   :   1   :   1   or   3   :   1   :   2  (w/w/v), and filling clean water within biofermentors such as 20; 30; 40 gallons (75.7; 113.55;
151.4 liters) or more etc., during the retention time more than 2 weeks.
Second step, fermentation: The original liquid bio-extracted product of the first step process was
separated from residues (to become solid biofertilizers), and then fermented with molasses andclean  water  as  the  ratio  as  “Liquid  bio-extracted  product  :  Molasses  :  Clean  water”  =  1  :  1  :  40  or  2 : 1 : 40 (v/v/v) within liquid biofermentors such as 500; 1000; 1500 liters or more etc., equipped
with/or without a stirrer motor to produce the fermented liquid bioproduct during the retention timeof 1-2 weeks.
Third step, filtration: the fermented liquid bioproduct of the second step process was filtered toobtain   the   final   products   as   so   called   “BioClean”   or   “Liquid   Biofertilizers”   depending   on   the  differential types of raw materials.
Methods to utilize bioclean and liquid biofertilizer kku-1 and liquid biofertilizers biotech-1;biotech-2; biotech-3 were utilized for environmental and agricultural sectors as follows.
For agricultural utilization: Using the dilution ratio of liquid biofertilizer products at 1:2000 by
spraying or pouring to the growth crops every 5-7 days, and the dilution ratio of 1:500 to the plant
trees and green areas for living places.
For environmental utilization: Using the dilution ratio of bioclean product at 0.05% (1:2000) for
floor cleaning, the concentration ratio of 70-80% for reducing odour treatment of bathroom/
lavatory/ toilet/ w.c./ sewerage etc., and the concentration ratio of 0.05% for wastewater treatment
and water quality treatment or water flood treatment.
Methods to quality test bioclean and liquid biofertilizers were determined before servicing to
the temples and the green area at the regions of Khon Kaen University as follows:
For agricultural test: Both products were tested by cultivating for various crops to evaluate thegrowth rate of crops by pots and/or fields testing such as water convolvulus; flowers, etc.
For environmental and healthy test: Both products were tested by treating for sanitary systems
such as reducing odour treatment for bathroom/ lavatory/toilet/wc.; sewerage; wastewater treatment
and especially water quality treatment for goldfish and nile tilapiafish living, etc.
Analysis methods to investigate the composition products of bioclean and liquid biofertilizers
were investigated as the same analysis methods as previous research (Uparivong, 2002; 2004;
2005; 2006; 2007) as follows:
Investigation of optimized microorganism populations: Both products were investigated by themethod of standard plate count (using agar powder, peptone, bacteriological HIMEDIA RM001) at
a laboratory of the Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University.
Investigation of composition of the products: Both products characteristics were analyzed, suchas pH; EC (electrical conductivity, ds/m); %OM (organic matter); Total N; P; K; Na; Ca; Mg; etc.
by the standard methods at a laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University.
Methods to evaluate the satisfactory services rating of bioclean and liquid biofertilizers on theevent   of   “Temples   big   cleaning   day   2011”   at   both   temples   of   Wat   Adulkaewmordee   and   Wat  Nonmuang, including project services to green areas and along the main road at the region of Khon
Kaen University were designed by using the applied forms of the Academic Service Center ofKhon Kaen University as follows:- First,  evaluation  by  temple’s  persons and monks at both templesⒸISERD202

IJERD – International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development (2012) 3-2- Second, evaluation by general persons/home/shop owner or members/ etc. around the regions ofboth temples- Third, evaluation by inviting the expert board of ten  committees’s  considerations
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Properties of bioclean and liquid biofertilizers
This generation of bioclean (2011), liquid biofertilizers biotech-1 and biotech-2 (2011) were contained into bottom and tank containers such as 1-L; 10-L; 20-L; etc., as examples shown in Fig. 2.
The results of effective microorganism populations of bioclean, liquid biofertilizers biotech-1 andbiotech-2 obtained 1.0 x 108 - 3.4 x 1013 cfu/ml, 1.0 x 108 - 3.8 x 1013 cfu/ml and 1.0 x 108 - 4.0 x
1012 cfu/ml respectively, after the retention time more than 7-8 day, as in Table 1, which optimized
biomass populations were more than the standard products (107-108 cfu/ml). The composition
properties of bioclean products obtained were pH=3.76, EC=4.31 ds/m, N=0.018 ppm, P=25 ppm,
K=561 ppm, Na=73 ppm, Ca=254 ppm and Mg=200 ppm, and liquid biofertilizers biotech-1 andbiotech-2 obtained were pH=3.45-4.19, EC=3.00-5.43 ds/m, N=0.025-14 ppm, P=28-38 ppm,
K=881-1023 ppm, Na=108-225 ppm, Ca=175-271 ppm and Mg=0.50-142 ppm, as in Table 1.
These results obtained were similar as the previous research products of bioclean and liquid biofertilizers (Uparivong, 2002; 2004; 2005; 2006; 2007; 2009; 2010).

Fig. 2 BioClean and liquid biofertilizer biotech-2 (2011)
Table 1 Properties of bioclean and liquid biofeftilizers biotech-1, 2
Product Sample(2011)a

Optimize
cfu/ml

pHw

EC
(ds/m
)

OM
(%)

N
(ppm)

BioClean (original)
6.0x1012
4.32b
2.50
10
BioClean
3.4x1013
3.76
4.31
0.018
Liquid biofertilizer
3.8x1013
4.19b
3.00
14
Biotech-1
Liquid biofertilizer
4.0x1012
3.45
5.43
1.43
0.025
Biotech-2a
The generational products had produced since 2011, bThe pHw (1:5)

P
(ppm)

K
(ppm)

Na
(ppm)

Ca
(ppm)

Mg
(ppm)

26
25
28

598
561
811

82
73
108

205
254
271

131
200
142

38

1023

225

175

0.50

Quality testing of bioclean and liquid biofertilizers
Quality of bioclean and liquid biofertilizers biotech-1, 2 were tested for quality standard products
before distributing to general users by the pots and/or fields testing. For agricultural testing, bothproducts of bioclean and liquid biofertilizers were tested by the growth rate of various crops suchas water convolvulus; flowers, etc. during 45 days (data not shown). For environmental and healthy
testing, both products were satisfactorily evaluated by testing for sanitary systems such as reducing
odour treatment for the bathroom/ lavatory/ toilet/ wc./ sewerage of distributed general households
by responding feedback of users. For wastewater treatment, the efficiency of chemical oxygenⒸISERD203

IJERD – International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development (2012) 3-2

demand (COD) of pond treatment was 61.90% and 89.80% by using the dilution ratio of 0.05%
bioclean product during the retention time of 7 days and 14 days respectively, at a pond treatmentof Wat Nonmuang near Khon Kaen University, including water quality treatment for goldfish andnilefish, as shown in Fig.3.

Fig. 3 BioClean and liquid biofertilizers testing (2011)
Table 2 Properties of original liquid biofertilizers1
Compositions

Biotech-1

Biotech-2pH
EC (mS)
N (%)
P (%)
K (%)
Ca (% or mg/L)
Mg (% or mg/L)
Na (% or mg/L)
SO-4 (%)
OC (%, g/100mL) C/N  

4.28
4.73
13.23
8.72
0.24
0.075
0.083
0.070
0.20
0.193
1629 mg/L
0.023
570 mg/L
0.042
303 mg/L
0.003
1.16
5.33
15.47
1
Source reference: the development of biofermentor BT-3 (sittisak, 2007)

Biotech-3
4.64
7.30
0.376
0.037
0.135
0.071
0.026
0.024
0.97
2.78

Evaluation rating by temples on the big cleaning day
Project   products   of   bioclean   and   liquid   biofertilizers   were   supplied   to   the   two   temples   of   “Wat  Adul  kaew  mordee”  and  “Wat  non  muang”  near  the  regions  of  Khon  Kaen  University  on  the  event  of  “Temples  big  cleaning  day  2011”.  The  results  of  evaluation  services  rating  after  used  for  floor  cleaning; sewerage; toilet/wc.; wastewater treatment and water quality treatment by using bioclean
products, and supplied to plant trees and green areas by using the products of liquid biofertilizers
biotech-1, 2 at the both temples were satisfactory, which overview obtained satisfactory results as
4.26  average  score  value  or  85.3%,  evaluated  by  the  expert  board  of  ten  committees’s  considerations.

Fig. 4 Big cleaning services to the two templesⒸISERD204

IJERD – International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development (2012) 3-2

Service products applied along the main road and green areas
The serviced products of liquid biofertilizers biotech-1, 2 were satisfactorily appliedas liquid biofertilizers for plant trees along the main road (Kaenkallapaphruek road) and green areas, living
places at Khon Kaen University, during proceeding services as shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 5 Liquid biofertilizers services along the main road and green areas
CONCLUSION
BioClean services to the temples: BioClean services consisting of 18 zymogenic synthetic microorganisms (18 ZSMs) could be used as an odour treatment for sanitary systems and environmental
and healthy living places, and for temples.
Liquid biofertilizers services along the main road and green areas: Liquid biofertilizers services, consisting of 18 zymogenic synthetic microorganisms (18 ZSMs) could enrich much more to
the plentiful trees along the main road and green areas for natural environment living places andrelated to climate change.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research was financially supported by grants from the Academic Service Center of Khon Kaen
University,   Thailand.   Acknowledgements   are   extended   to   the   expert   board   of   ten   committee’s  considerations, to Mr. Boonyarit Sombutlai, Mr. Rachaporn Patawanit, Mr. Soontorn Sarapanich,Asst. Prof. Dr. Araya Ahromrit, Asst. Prof. Dr. Somsak Pitaksanurat, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sirinda
Yunchalard, and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pinit Wangsomnuk, Pol. Sub. Lt. Suwith Nampan, Pra Petcharat
Kachapanyo, and Pra Veerasak Jantemduang.
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