資料10-G

Commission G ReportAugust 6, 2021
1. Meeting report•

MU radar /Equatorial Atmosphere Radar Symposium This is the annual symposium for thecooperative use of MU radar and Equatorial Atmosphere Radar. Commission G of Japanese URSI
co-sponsors this symposium. Next meeting will be held on September 9-10, 2021. The event will
be onsite at RISH, Kyoto Univ. or online.

2. Awards
There were awards given to the researchers related to the URSI Japan Commission G research activies.
•

Kaoru Sato (Univ. Tokyo), Medal with Purple Ribbon (Shiju Housho) by Cabinet Office,Atmospheric Science Research, April 29, 2021.

•

Takanori Nishiyama (NIPR), ZELDOVICH Medal for COSPAR Scientific Commission C fromCOSPAR and the Russian Academy of Sciences, January 2021.

•

Tatsuhiro Yokoyama (Kyoto Univ.), Nishida Prize by Japan Geoscience Union, Study on ionosphericdisturbances by various observations and numerical simulations, June 3, 2021.

•

Nozomu Nishitani (Nagoya Univ.), PEPS Most Cited Paper Award by Japan Geosciene Union, June 3,
2021.

•

Yuichi Minamihara (Univ. Tokyo), Matsuno Award by the Meteorological Society of Japan, The
Kelvin-Helmholtz billows in the Antarctic troposphere and lower stratosphere captured by the
PANSY radar at Syowa Station, November 13, 2020.

3. Masterplan 2023
Science Council of Japan (SCJ) is planning the Masterplan 2023. The selection process is starting. On
June 26, 2021, the SCJ Geocience committee hold a meeting to review potential projects for the SCJ
Masterplan 2023.
Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, National Institute of Polar
Research (NIPR), Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE), Nagoya University, andInternational Center for Space Weather Science and Education (ICSWSE), Kyushu University
proposed the research project “Coupling process in the solar-terrestrial system” to the meeting. We
study the solar energy inputs into the Earth and the response of Geospace (magnetosphere, ionosphere,
and atmosphere) to the energy input by installing large atmospheric radars with an active phased array
antenna at the equator and the Arctic regions. One is Equatorial MU (EMU) radar by RISH in Sumatera
Island, Indonesia, and the other is EISCAT_3D by NIPR in northern Scandinavia under international
collaborations. We also develop the global observation network that is jointly conducted by ISEE andICSWSE. This project has been successfully selected as one of highest-priority projects in Masterplan
2014/2017/2020. We hope for continuous spport from the Japanese URSI meeting.
4. Research Report
4.1. Report from National Institute for Polar Research (NIPR)(Yasunobu Ogawa, NIPR)=== Recent papers related to PANSY ===Kohma, M., Sato, K., Nishimura, K., Tsutsumi, M., Weakening of polar mesosphere winter echo andturbulent energy dissipation rates after a stratospheric sudden warming in the Southern Hemisphere in1

資料10-G

2019.
GeophysicalResearch
Letters,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092705, 2021.

48,

e2021GL092705,

2020.

=== Recent papers related to EISCAT ===Miyoshi, Y., K. Hosokawa, S. Kurita, S.-I. Oyama, Y. Ogawa, S. Saito, I. Shinohara, A. Kero, E.
Turunen, P. T. Verronen, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, T. Mitani, T. Takashima, N. Higashio, Y. Kasahara,
S. Matsuda, F. Tsuchiya, A. Kumamoto, A. Matsuoka, T. Hori, K. Keika, M. Shoji, M. Teramoto, S.
Imajo, C. Jun, S. Nakamura, Penetration of MeV electrons into the mesosphere accompanying
pulsating aurorae, doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92611-3, Scientific Reports 11(1), 2021.
Takada, M., K. Seki, Y. Ogawa, K. Keika, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, T. Hori, K. Asamura, Y. Miyoshi, I.
Shinohara, Low‐Altitude Ion Upflow Observed by EISCAT and its Effects on Supply of MolecularIons in the Ring Current Detected by Arase (ERG) , Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
126(5), 2021.
Namekawa, T., T. Mitani, K. Asamura, Y. Miyoshi, K. Hosokawa, Y. Ogawa, S. Saito, T. Hori, S.
Sugo, O. Kawashima, S. Kasahara, R. Nomura, N. Yagi, M. Fukizawa, T. Sakanoi, Y. Saito, A.
Matsuoka, I. Shinohara, Y. Fedorenko, A. Nikitenko, C. Koehler, Rocket observation of subrelativistic electrons in the quiet dayside auroral ionosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space
Physics, doi:10.1029/2020JA028633, 2021.
Sugo, S., O. Kawashima, S. Kasahara, K. Asamura, R. Nomura, Y. Miyoshi, Y. Ogawa, K. Hosokawa,T. Mitani, T. Namekawa, T. Sakanoi, M. Fukizawa, N. Yagi, Y. Fedorenko, A. Nikitenko, S. Yokota,
K. Keika, T. Hori, C. Koehler, Energy‐Resolved Detection of Precipitating Electrons of 30–100 keV
by a Sounding Rocket Associated With Dayside Chorus Waves, Journal of Geophysical Research:
Space Physics 126(3), 2021.
Oyama, S., A. Shinbori, Y. Ogawa, M. Kellinsalmi, T. Raita, A. Aikio, H. Vanhamäki, K. Shiokawa, I.
Virtanen, L. Cai, A. B. Workayehu, M. Pedersen, K. Kauristie, T. T. Tsuda, B. Kozelov, A. Demekhov,
A. Yahnin, F. Tsuchiya, A. Kumamoto, Y. Kasahara, A. Matsuoka, M. Shoji, M. Teramoto, M. Lester,An Ephemeral Red Arc Appeared at 68° MLat at a Pseudo Breakup During Geomagnetically Quiet
Conditions, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 125(10), 2020.
Tsuda, T. T., Li, C., Hamada, S., Hosokawa, K., Oyama, S., Nozawa, S., et al., OI 630.0‐nm and N2
1PG emissions in pulsating aurora events observed by an optical spectrograph at Tromsø, Norway,
JournalofGeophysicalResearch:Space
Physics,
125,
e2020JA028250.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028250, 2020.
Bjoland, L. M., Y. Ogawa, U. P. Løvhaug, D. A. Lorentzen, S. M. Hatch, K. Oksavik, Electron
Density Depletion Region Observed in the Polar Cap Ionosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research:
Space Physics 126(1), 2021.
Stepanov N.A., V. A. Sergeev, M.A. Shukhtina, Y. Ogawa, X. Chu, D.Rogov, Ionospheric electron
density and conductance changes in the auroral zone during substorms, Journal of GeophysicalResearch: Space Physics, doi:10.1029/2021JA029572, 2021.
4.2. Report from Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE), Nagoya University(Satonori Nozawa, Nagoya University)== Summary ===Many ground-satellite conjugate measurements of phenomena at subauroral latitudes have beenreported in recent one year. Inaba et al. (2020; 2021) firstly reported plasma and field observations in
the magnetospheric source region of four stable auroral red (SAR) arc by the Arase and RBSP
satellites, and concluded that the SAR arc is most likely caused by Coulomb collision between ring
current ions and plasmaspheric electrons. Takeshita et al. (2021) studied spatiotemporal developmentof global distribution of magnetospheric ELF/VLF waves using ground-based and satellite
observations, and RAM-SCB simulations, for the March and November 2017 storms. Ozaki et al.
(2021) reported magnetic conjugacy of Pc1 waves and isolated proton precipitation at subauroral
latitudes withi importance of ionosphere as intensity modulation region. Martinez-Calderon et al.
(2021) reported multi-event study of characteristics and propagation of naturally occurring ELF/VLF

2

資料10-Gwaves using high-latitude ground observations and conjunctions with the Arase satellite. Nakamura etal. (2021) reported simultaneous observation of two isolated proton auroras at subauroral latitudes by ahighly sensitive all-sky camera and Van Allen Probes. Kawai et al. (2021) reported first simultaneous
observation of a nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance from the ground and amagnetospheric satellite. Yadav et al. (2021) reported multi-wavelength imaging observations of
STEVE at Athabasca, Canada, showing STEVE consists of broad optical spectra in visible
wavelengths.
Otsuka (2021) has reviewed recent works of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances(MSTIDs). Otsuka et al. (2021) have reported statistical results of the MSTID activity and propagation
direction of MSTIDs by analyzing 22-years data of GPS-TEC over Japan. Cheng et al. (2021) haveinvestigated MSTIDs statistically over Taiwan by applying the automatic detection algorithm
including the three-dimensional fast Fourier transform TEC observations.
Sori et al. (2021) have reported the occurrence features and causes of storm-time plasma bubbles in theequatorial to mid-latitude ionosphere by performing a superposed epoch analysis of TEC during 652
geomagnetic storm events. Shinbori et al. (2021) have statistically investigated relationship between
the locations of the midlatitude trough minimum in the ionosphere and plasmapause in the innermagnetosphere using GNSS-TEC and electron density data obtained from the Arase satellite fromMarch 23, 2017 to May 31, 2020.
Watanabe et al. (2021) have attempted to calculate TEC variations by inputting the temporal variationof the solar flare spectrum for the X9.3 flare into the GAIA model and compared it with the observed
TEC. Currie et al. (2021) have reported an unseasonal equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) event overSouth-East Asia was observed on July 22, 2014, and suggested that this unseasonal event was causedby large seed perturbations in TEC. Sivakandan et al. (2021) have statistically investigated TEC
variations for the whole year 2011 in the world, and shown that the seasonal and longitudinal variationof the daytime MSTID activity is well reproduced by the GAIA model. Li et al. (2021) have presented
a general review of equatorial plasma bubbles and scintillation features including their physicalmechanisms and controlling factors responsible for their occurrence, and unresolved issues related totheir day-to-day and short-term variability. Dao et al. (2020) have reported TEC day-to-day variationsof TEC and scintillation at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam based on the data obtained by a Trimble NetR9GNSS receiver. Huang et al. (2020) have reported MSTID over China based on TEC observations
from Beidou geostationary satellites.
J.-P. St-Maurice and Nishitani (2020) proposed a new generation mechanism of the near range echoes
observed by the SuperDARN radars. Nishitani et al. (2021) reported on the initial results of the remote
HF wave receiver system in Nagoya, which monitors the SuperDARN Hokkaido East radar wave andobtain information of the HF wave propagation in the ionosphere.
== Recent papers ===Inaba Y., K. Shiokawa, S. Oyama, Y. Otsuka, A. Oksanen, A. Shinbori, A. Yu. Gololobov, Y.
Miyoshi, Y. Kazama, S.-Y. Wang, S. W. Y. Tam, T.-F. Chang, B.-J. Wang, S. Yokota, S. Kasahara, K.
Keika, T. Hori, A. Matsuoka, Y. Kasahara, A. Kumamoto, Y. Kasaba, M. Shoji, I. Shinohara, and C.
Stolle, Plasma and field observations in the magnetospheric source region of a stable auroral red(SAR) arc by the Arase satellite on 28 March 2017, J. Geophys. Res., 125,https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028068, 2020.
Oyama, S., A. Shinbori, Y. Ogawa, M. Kellinsalmi, T. Raita, A. Aikio , H. Vanhamaki, K. Shiokawa, I.
Virtanen, L. Cai, A. B. Workayehu, M. Pedersen, K. Kauristie, T. T. Tsuda, B. Kozelov, A. Demekhov,
A. Yahnin, F. Tsuchiya , A. Kumamoto, Y. Kasahara, A. Matsuoka, M. Shoji, M. Teramoto and M.
Lester, An ephemeral 1 red arc appeared at 68-degree MLat at a pseudo breakup during
geomagnetically quiet conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 125, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028468, 2020.
Hosokawa K., M. Nagata, K. Shiokawa, and Y. Otsuka, What controls the luminosity of polar cap
airglow patches?: implication from airglow measurements in Eureka, Canada in comparison with
SuperDARN convection pattern, Polar Science, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2020.100608, 2020.
Yadav S., K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, M. Connors, and J.-P. St. Maurice, Multi-wavelength imaging
observations
of
STEVE
at
Athabasca,
Canada,J.
Geophys.
Res.,
126,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028622, 2021.

3

資料10-GTakeshita Y., K. Shiokawa, Y. Miyoshi, M. Ozaki, Y. Kasahara, S. Oyama, M. Connors, J. Manninen,
V. K. Jordanova, D. Baishev, A. Oinats, and V. Kurkin, Study of spatiotemporal development of
global distribution of magnetospheric ELF/VLF waves using ground-based and satellite observations,and RAM-SCB simulations, for the March and November 2017 storms, J. Geophys. Res., 126,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028216, 2021.
Imajo, S., Y. Miyoshi, Y. Kazama, K. Asamura, I. Shinohara, K. Shiokawa, Y. Kasahara, Y. Kasaba,
A. Matsuoka, S.-Y. Wang, S. W. Y. Tam, T.?F. Chang, B.?J. Wang, V. Angelopoulos, C.-W. Jun, M.
Shoji, S. Nakamura, M. Kitahara, M. Teramoto, S. Kurita, and T. Hori, Active auroral arc powered byaccelerated
electrons
from
very
high
altitudes,
Scientific
Reports,
11:1610,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79665-5, 2020.
Martinez-Calderon, C., Y. Katoh, J. Manninen, O. Santolik, Y. Kasahara, S. Matsuda, A. Kumamoto,
F. Tsuchiya, A. Matsuoka, M. Shoji, M. Teramoto, I. Shinohara, K. Shiokawa, and Y. Miyoshi, Multievent study of characteristics and propagation of naturally occurring ELF/VLF waves using highlatitude ground observations and conjunctions with the Arase satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 126,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028682, 2021.
Ozaki, M., K. Shiokawa, R. B. Horne, M. J. Engebretson, M. Lessard, Y. Ogawa, K. Hosokawa, M.
Nose, Y. Ebihara, A. Kadokura, S. Yagitani, Y. Miyoshi, S. Hashimoto, S. Sinha, A. K. Sinha, G. K.
Seemala, and C.-W. Jun, Magnetic conjugacy of Pc1 waves and isolated proton precipitation at
subauroral latitudes: Importance of ionosphere as intensity modulation region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091384, 2021.
Kim, H., K. Shiokawa, J. Park, Y. Miyoshi, C. Stolle and S. Buchert, Statistical analysis of Pc1 wave
ducting deduced from Swarm satellites, J. Geophys. Res., 125, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA029016,
2021.
Thomas, N., K. Shiokawa, Y. Miyoshi, Y. Kasahara, I. Shinohara, A. Kumamoto, F. Tsuchiya, A.
Matsuoka, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, K. Keika, T. Hori, K. Asamura, S.-Y. Wang, Y. Kazama, S. W. Y.
Tam, T. F. Chang, B. J. Wang, J. Wygant, A. Breneman, and G. Reeves, Investigation of small-scale
electron density irregularities observed by the Arase and Van Allen Probes satellites inside and outside
the plasmasphere. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126, e2020JA027917.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA027917, 2021."
Wang, Y., Z. Cao, Z.-Y. Xing, Q.-H. Zhang, P. T. Jayachandran, K. Oksavik, N. Balan, and K.
Shiokawa, The GPS scintillations and TEC variations in association with a polar cap arc, J. Geophys.
Res., 126, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028968, 2021.
Inaba, Y., K. Shiokawa, S. Oyama, Y. Otsuka, M. Connors, I. Schofield, Y. Miyoshi, S. Imajo, A.
Shinbori, A. Y. Gololobov, Y. Kazama, S.-Y. Wang, S. W. Y. Tam, T. F. Chang, B.-J. Wang, K.
Asamura, S. Yokota, S. Kasahara, K. Keika, T. Hori, A. Matsuoka, Y. Kasahara, A. Kumamoto, S.
Matsuda, Y. Kasaba, F. Tsuchiya, M. Shoji, M. Kitahara, S. Nakamura, I. Shinohara, H. E. Spence, G.
D. Reeves, R. J. Macdowall, C. W. Smith, J. R. Wygant, J. W. Bonnell, Multi-event Analysis of
Plasma and Field Variations in Source of Stable Auroral Red (SAR) Arcs in Inner Magnetosphere
during Non-storm-time Substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 126, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA029081,
2021.
Okoh, D. I., A. B. Rabiu, K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, Q. Wu, G. K. Seemala, and Z. T. Katamzi-Joseph,An experimental investigation into the possible connections between the zonal neutral wind speeds
and equatorial plasma bubble drift velocities over the African equatorial region, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr.
Phys., 220, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2021.105663, 2021.
Nakamura, K., K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, A. Shinbori, Y. Miyoshi, M. Connors, H. Spence, G. Reeves,
H. O. Funsten, R. MacDowall, C. Smith, J. Wygant, and J. Bonnell, Simultaneous observation of two
isolated proton auroras at subauroral latitudes by a highly sensitive all-sky camera and Van Allen
Probes, J. Geophys. Res., 126, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA029078, 2021.
Sarudin, I., N. S. A Hamid, M. Abdullah, S. M Buhari, 4, K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, K. Hozumi, and P.
Jamjareegulgarn, Influence of Zonal Wind Velocity Variation on Equatorial Plasma Bubble
Occurrences
overSoutheast
Asia,
J.
Geophys.
Res.,
126,
e2020JA028994,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028994, 2021.

4資料10-G

Ozaki, M. T. Inoue, Y. Tanaka, S. Yagitani, Y. Kasahara, K. Shiokawa, Y. Miyoshi, K. Imamura, K.
Hosokawa, S. Oyama, R. Kataoka, Y. Ebihara, Y. Ogawa, and A. Kadokura, Spatial evolution ofwave-particle interaction region deduced from flash-type auroras and chorus-ray tracing, J. Geophys.
Res., 126, e2021JA029254, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029254, 2021.
Kawai, K., K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, S. Oyama, Y. Kasaba, Y. Kasahara, F. Tsuchiya, A. Kumamoto,
S. Nakamura, A. Matsuoka, S. Imajo, Y. Kazama, Shiang-Yu, Wang, Sunny W. Y. Tam, T. F. Chang,
B. J. Wang, K. Asamura, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, K. Keika, T. Hori, Y. Miyoshi, C. Jun, M. Shoji, andI. Shinohara, First simultaneous observation of a nighttime medium-scale traveling ionosphericdisturbance from the ground and a magnetospheric satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 126,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA029086, 2021.
Otsuka, Y., Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances, In Space Physics and Aeronomy,
Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications: Advances in Ionospheric Research: Current Understanding
and Challenges (Geophysical Monograph Series), Vol. 3, Edition by C. Huang, G. Lu, Y. Zhang, and
L. J. Paxton, American Geophysical Union, (2021). doi:10.1002/9781119815617 (First published:24
March 2021)
Otsuka, Y., Shinbori, A., Tsugawa, T., and Nishioka, M., Solar activity dependence of medium-scale
traveling ionospheric disturbances using GPS receivers in Japan. Earth Planets Space 73, 22 (2021).
doi:10.1186/s40623-020-01353-5 (Published: 20 January 2021)
Cheng, P.H., Lin, C., Otsuka, Y., Liu, H., Rajesh,P. K., Chen, C.-H., Lin, J.-T., and Chang, M. T.,
Statistical study of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances in low-latitude ionosphere using
an automatic algorithm. Earth Planets Space 73, 105 (2021). doi:10.1186/s40623-021-01432-1(Published: 13 May 2021)
Sori, T., Shinbori, A., Otsuka, Y., Tsugawa, T., and Nishioka, M., The occurrence feature of plasma
bubbles in the equatorial to midlatitude ionosphere during geomagnetic storms using long-term GNSSTEC data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126, e2020JA029010 (2021).
doi:10.1029/2020JA029010 (First published: 06 May 2021)
Shinbori, A., Otsuka, Y., Tsugawa, T., Nishioka, M., Kumamoto, A., Tsuchiya, F., Matsuda, S.,
Kasahara, Y., and Matsuoka, A., Relationship between the locations of the midlatitude trough andplasmapause using GNSS-TEC and Arase satellite observation data. Journal of Geophysical Research:
Space Physics, 126, e2020JA028943 (2021). doi:10.1029/2020JA028943 (First published: 15 April
2021)
Watanabe, K., Jin, H., Nishimoto, S., Imada, S., Kawai, T., Kawate, T., Otsuka, Y., Shinbori, A.,
Tsugawa, T., and Nishioka, M., Model-based reproduction and validation of the total spectra of a solar
flare and their impact on the global environment at the X9.3 event of September 6, 2017. Earth Planets
Space 73, 96 (2021). doi:10.1186/s40623-021-01376-6
Currie, J. L., Carter, B. A., Retterer, J., Dao, T., Pradipta, R., Caton, R., Groves, K., Otsuka, Y.,
Yokoyama, T., Hozumi, K., Le Truong, T., Terkildsen, M., On the generation of an unseasonal EPB
over South East Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126, e2020JA028724, (2021).
doi:10.1029/2020JA028724 (First published: 09 February 2021)
Sivakandan, M., Otsuka, Y., Ghosh, P., Shinagawa, H., Shinbori, A., and Miyoshi, Y., Comparison ofseasonal and longitudinal variation of daytime MSTID activity using GPS observation and GAIA
simulations. Earth Planets Space 73, 35 (2021). doi:10.1186/s40623-021-01369-5 (Published: 04
February 2021)
Li, G., Ning, B., Otsuka, Y. et al. Challenges to Equatorial Plasma Bubble and Ionospheric
Scintillation Short-Term Forecasting and Future Aspects in East and Southeast Asia. Surv Geophys(2020). doi:10.1007/s10712-020-09613-5 (Published: 05 September 2020)
Dao, T., Huy, M., Carter, B., Le, Q., Trinh, T., Phan, B., and Otsuka, Y., New observations of the total
electron content and ionospheric scintillations over Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Journal of Earth
Sciences, doi:10.15625/0866-7187/42/4/15281 (published on 05 November 2020)
Huang, F., Lei, J., Otsuka, Y., Luan, X., Liu, Y., Zhong, J., and Dou, X., Characteristics of MediumScale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances and Ionospheric Irregularities at Mid-Latitudes Revealed by
the Total Electron Content Associated With the Beidou Geostationary Satellite, IEEE Transactions on5

資料10-G

Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 59:8, 6424-6430, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2020.3032741. (Date of
Publication: 05 November 2020)
J.‐P. St.‐Maurice, N. Nishitani, On the Origin of Far‐Aspect Angle Irregularity Regions Seen by
HF
Radarsat
100 ‐ km
Altitude,J.
GeophysicalResearch,125,6,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027473, 2020.
Nishitani, N., Y. Hamaguchi, and T. Hori, Development of remote HF wave receiver in the backlobe
direction of the SuperDARN Hokkaido East radar: Initial observations, Polar Sci.,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2021.100669, 2021.
4.3. Report from Electronic Navigation Research Institute (ENRI)(Susumu Saito, ENRI)=== Research activities ===Characteristics of the spatial gradient in ionospheric total electron content, which are slope, width,
depth, and velocity (including direction) for ionospheric threat mitigation in GBAS (GNSS groundbased augmentation system) have been studied by using data from a GNSS network. The results were
utilized in implementing a GBAS at Tokyo Haneda Airport which is in a pre-operational testing phase.
Similar observations and analysis have been conducted in Thailand and Vietnam. A new technique toevaluate quiet time ionospheric TEC gradient has been developed (Budtho et al., 2020). Characteristicsof the sporadic E (Es) layer has been studied by a GNSS network (Saito et al., 2021). Twodimensional distribution of the sporadic E can be monitored in a wide area. By using observations by
GNSS network, a method to derive parameters of the Es layer structures such as location, propagation
direction, and velocity. Operational impacts of the anomalous propagation of ILS (instrument landing
system) signals on airborne receivers has been investigated. The results have been reported to theInternational Civil Aviation Organization for their consideration to include their manuals.
=== Recent papers===
J. Budtho, P. Supnithi, and S. Saito, Single-Frequency Time-Step Ionospheric Delay Gradient
Estimation at Low-Latitude Stations, IEEE Access, 8, 2020, DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3035247
S. Saito, K. Hosokawa, J. Sakai, and I. Tomizawa, Study of structures of the sporadic E layer by using
dense GNSS network observations, NAVIGATION, in press.
4.4. Report from the Chiba University(Hiroyuki Nakata, Chiba University)=== Recent papers===
Nakata, H., Takaboshi, K., Takano, T., Tomizawa, I. (2021). Vertical propagation of coseismic
ionospheric disturbances associated with the foreshock of the Tohoku Earthquake observed using HF
Doppler sounding. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126, e2020JA028600.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028600
T. Miyashita, Takuya Miyashita; Hiroyo Ohya; Fuminori Tsuchiya; Asuka Hirai; Mitsunori Ozaki;
Kazuo Shiokawa; Yoshizumi Miyoshi; Nozomu Nishitani; Mariko Teramoto; Martin Connors; Simon
G. Shepherd; Yoshiya Kasahara; Atsushi Kumamoto; Masafumi Shoji; Iku Shinohara; Hiroyuki
Nakata; Toshiaki Takano, "ULF modulation of energetic electron precipitation observed by VLF/LF
radio propagation," in URSI Radio Science Bulletin, vol. 2020, no. 372, pp. 29-40, March 2020, doi:
10.23919/URSIRSB.2020.9240099.
4.5. Report from Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University(Mamoru Yamamoto, RISH)=== Recent papers===<Atmospheric studies>6

資料10-G

Hubert Luce, Hiroyuki Hashiguchi, On the estimation of vertical air velocity and detection of
atmospheric turbulence from the ascent rate of balloon soundings, Atmospheric Measurement
Techniques, 13, 4, 1989-1999, April 2020.
Hubert Luce, Lakshmi Kantha, Hiroyuki Hashiguchi, Abhiram Doddi, Dale Lawrence, Masanori
Yabuki, On the Relationship between the TKE Dissipation Rate and the Temperature Structure
Function Parameter in the Convective Boundary Layer. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 77, 7,2311-2326, July 2020.
Ravidho Ramadhan, Marzuki, Mutya Vonnisa, Harmadi, Hiroyuki Hashiguchi, Toyoshi Shimomai,
Diurnal Variation in the Vertical Profile of the Raindrop Size Distribution for Stratiform Rain as
Inferred from Micro Rain Radar Observations in Sumatra
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,37, 8, 832-846, August 2020.
M. Kohma, K. Sato, K. Nishimura, M. Tsutsumi, T. Sato, A Statistical Analysis of the Energy
Dissipation Rate Estimated From the PMWE Spectral Width in the Antarctic, Journal of GeophysicalResearch: Atmospheres, 125, 16, August 2020.
Marzuki Marzuki, Dea Kurnia Harysandi, Rini Oktaviani, Lisna Meylani, Mutya Vonnisa, Harmadi
Harmadi, Hiroyuki Hashiguchi, Toyoshi Shimomai, L. Luini, Sugeng Nugroho, Muzirwan Muzirwan,
Nor Azlan Mohd Aris, International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication Sector P.837-6
and P.837-7 performance to estimate Indonesian rainfall, TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication
Computing Electronics and Control), 18, 5, 2292-2292, October 2020.
Koji Nishimura, Masashi Kohma, Kaoru Sato, Toru Sato, Spectral Observation Theory and Beam
Debroadening Algorithm for Atmospheric Radar, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote
Sensing, 58, 10, 6767-6775, October 2020.
Muhammad Arif Rahman, Devis Styo Nugroho, Manabu D. Yamanaka, Masahiro Kawasaki, Osamu
Kozan, Masafumi Ohashi, Hiroyuki Hashiguchi, Shuichi Mori, Weather radar detection of planetary
boundary layer and smoke layer top of peatland fire in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, Scientific
Reports, 11, 1, December 2020.
Ryou Ohsawa, Akira Hirota, Kohei Morita, Shinsuke Abe, Daniel Kastinen, Johan Kero, Csilla Szasz,
Yasunori Fujiwara, Takuji Nakamura, Koji Nishimura, Shigeyuki Sako, Jun-ichi Watanabe, Tsutomu
Aoki, Noriaki Arima, Ko Arimatsu, Mamoru Doi, Makoto Ichiki, Shiro Ikeda, Yoshifusa Ita,
Toshihiro Kasuga, Naoto Kobayashi, Mitsuru Kokubo, Masahiro Konishi, Hiroyuki Maehara, Takashi
Miyata, Yuki Mori, Mikio Morii, Tomoki Morokuma, Kentaro Motohara, Yoshikazu Nakada, Shinichiro Okumura, Yuki Sarugaku, Mikiya Sato, Toshikazu Shigeyama, Takao Soyano, Hidenori
Takahashi, Masaomi Tanaka, Ken’ichi Tarusawa, Nozomu Tominaga, Seitaro Urakawa, Fumihiko
Usui, Takuya Yamashita, Makoto Yoshikawa, Relationship between radar cross section and opticalmagnitude based on radar and optical simultaneous observations of faint meteors, Planetary and Space
Science, 194, 105011-105011, December 2020.
<Ionospheric studies>
R. Pfaff, M. Larsen, T. Abe, H. Habu, J. Clemmons, H. Freudenreich, D. Rowland, T. Bullett, M. Y.
Yamamoto, S. Watanabe, Y. Kakinami, T. Yokoyama, J. Mabie, J. Klenzing, R. Bishop, R.
Walterscheid, M. Yamamoto, Y. Yamazaki, N. Murphy, V. Angelopoulos, Daytime Dynamo
Electrodynamics With Spiral Currents Driven by Strong Winds Revealed by Vapor Trails andSounding Rocket Probes, Geophysical Research Letters, 47, 15, August 16, 2020.
K. K. Ajith, Guozhu Li, S. Tulasi Ram, M. Yamamoto, K. Hozumi, Prayitno Abadi, Haiyong Xie, On
the Seeding of Periodic Equatorial Plasma Bubbles by Gravity Waves Associated With Tropical
Cyclone: A Case Study, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125, 10, October 2020.
C. H. Chen, A. Saito, C. H. Lin, M. Yamamoto, S. Suzuki, G. K. Seemala, Correction to: Mediumscale traveling ionospheric disturbances by three-dimensional ionospheric GPS tomography (Earth,Planets and Space, (2016), 68, 1, (32), 10.1186/s40623-016-0412-6), Earth, Planets and Space, 72, 1,
December 2020.
J. L. Currie, B. A. Carter, J. Retterer, T. Dao, R. Pradipta, R. Caton, K. Groves, Y. Otsuka, T.
Yokoyama, K. Hozumi, T. Le Truong, M. Terkildsen, On the Generation of an Unseasonal EPB OverSouth East Asia, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126, 2, February 2021.

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Ssessenga, N, Yamamoto, M, Saito, S, Saito, A, Nishioka, M., Complementing regional ground
GNSS-STEC computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) with ionosonde data assimilation, GPS
Solutions, GPSS-D-20-00186R4, May 2021.
Ssessanga, N., Yamamoto, M. & Saito, S. Assessing the performance of a Northeast Asia Japancentered 3-D ionosphere specification technique during the 2015 St. Patrick’s day geomagnetic storm.
Earth Planets Space 73, 124, June 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01447-8
4.6. Report from National Institute for Information and Communications Technology (NICT)(Hidekatsu Jin, NICT)=== Recent papers===
Ajith, K. K., S. Tulasi Ram, G. Z. Li, M. Yamamoto, K. Hozumi, C. Y. Yatini, and P. Supnithi, “On
the solar activity dependence of midnight equatorial plasma bubbles during June solstice periods”,
Earth and Planetary Physics, 5, pp. 1–9, doi: 10.26464/epp2021039, 2021.
Andoh S., A. Saito, H. Shinagawa, Temporal evolution of three-dimensional structures of metal ion
layer around Japan simulated by a mid-latitude ionospheric model, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics,
116, 6. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029267, 2021.
Currie, J. L., B. A. Carter, J. Retterer, T. Dao, R. Pradipta, R. Caton, K. Groves, Y. Otsuka, T.
Yokoyama, K. Hozumi, T Le Truong, M. Terkildsen, "On the Generation of an Unseasonal EPB OverSouth East Asia", JGR: Space Physics, 126, e2020JA028724, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028724,
2021.
Hosokawa, K., K. Kimura, J. Sakai, S. Saito, I. Tomizawa, M. Nishioka, T. Tsugawa, M. Ishii,
Visualizing sporadic E using aeronautical navigation signals at VHF frequencies, J. Space Weather
Space Clim. 11 6, DOI: 10.1051/swsc/2020075, 2021
Ishii, M., D. Shiota, C. Tao, Y. Ebihara, H. Fujiwara, T. Ishii, K. Ichimoto, R. Kataoka, K. Koga, Y.
Kubo, K. Kusano, Y. Miyoshi, T. Nagatsuma, A. Nakamizo, M. Nakamura, M. Nishioka, S. Saito, T.
Sato, T. Tsugawa, and S. Yoden, Space weather benchmarks on Japanese society, Earth, Planets andSpace, 73:108, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01420-5, 2021
Ishii, M., Takizawa, O., Marubashi, K., and Den. M., History of Space Weather Research andOperation in Japan and New Emphasis in Southeast Asia, Radio Science 56, 3,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RS007162, 2021
Kikuchi, T., J. Chum, I. Tomizawa; K. K. Hashimoto, K. Hosokawa, Y. Ebihara, K. Hozumi, P.
Supnithi, "Penetration of the electric fields of the geomagnetic sudden commencement over the globe
as observed with the HF Doppler sounders and magnetometers", Earth Planets Space, 73, 10,https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-020-01350-8, 2021.
Kenpankho, P, A. Chaichana, K. Trachu, P. Supnithi, K. Hozumi, “Real-time GPS receiver bias
estimation”, Advances in Space Research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2021.01.032, 2021.
Liu, H., C. Tao, H. Jin, and T. Abe, Examining geomagnetic activity effects on CO2-driven trend in
the thermosphere and ionosphere using ideal model experiments with GAIA, J. Geophys. Res.: Space
Phys., 126, 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028607, 2021
Maruyama, T., K. Hozumi, G. Ma, P. Supnithi, N. Tongkasem, and Q. Wan, Double-thin-shell
approach to deriving total electron content from GNSS signals and implications for ionospheric
dynamics
near the magnetic
equator, Earth,Planets
andSpace,
73:109,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01427-y, 2021
Meenakshi, S., S. Sridharan, J. Solomon Ivan, K. Hozumi, C. Y. Yatini, T. Yokoyama, and H.
Hashiguchi, “Anomalous Increase in the Occurrence of Post-Midnight FAI Radar Echoes in
September 2019 and Its Relation With the Austral Sudden Stratospheric Warming”, JGR: Space
Physics, 126, e2020JA028902, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028902, 2021.
Nishioka, M., S. Saito, C. Tao, D. Shiota, T. Tsugawa, and M. Ishii, Statistical analysis of ionospheric
total electron content (TEC): long-term estimation of extreme TEC in Japan, Earth Planets Space,73:52, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01374-8, 2021

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Nose M., Y. Murayama, M. Nishioka, M. Ihii, K. Imai, T. Kinoshita, Y. Koyama, and T. Sagara, Datapublication and data citation in the field of geospace science: Present status and our practice, IPSJ
Transactions on Digital Practice, Vol.2, No.2, 2021
Otsuka, Y., Shinbori, A., Tsugawa, T. and M. Nishioka, Solar activity dependence of medium-scale
traveling ionospheric disturbances using GPS receivers in Japan. Earth Planets Space 73, 22.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-020-01353-5, 2021
Sakai S., Seki, K., Terada, N., Shinagawa, H., Sakata, R., Tanaka, T., Ebihara, Y., Effects of the IMF
direction on atmospheric escape from a Mars-like planet under weak intrinsic magnetic field
conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126, e2020JA028485.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028485, 2021
Sarudin, I., N. S. A Hamid, M. Abdullah, S. M Buhari, K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, K. Hozumi, and P.
Jamjareegulgarn, “Influence of Zonal Wind Velocity Variation on Equatorial Plasma Bubble
Occurrences Over Southeast Asia”, JGR: Space Physics, 126, e2020JA028994,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028994, 2021.
Shinagawa, H., C. Tao, H. Jin, Y. Miyoshi, and H. Fujiwara, Numerical prediction of sporadic E layer
occurrence using GAIA, Earth Planets Space, 73:28, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-020-01330-y,
2021.
Shinbori, A., Otsuka, Y., Tsugawa, T., Nishioka, M., Kumamoto, A., Tsuchiya, F., S. Matsuda, Y.
Kasahara, and A. Matsuoka, Relationship between the locations of the midlatitude trough andplasmapause using GNSS-TEC and Arase satellite observation data. Journal of Geophysical Research:
Space Physics, 126, e2020JA028943. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028943, 2021.
Sivakandan, M., Y. Otsuka, P. Ghosh, H. Shinagawa, A. Shinbori, Y. Miyoshi, Comparison ofseasonal and longitudinal variation of daytime MSTID activity using GPS observation and GAIA
simulations, Earth, Planets and Space, 73, 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01369-5, 2021.
Thanakulketsarat, T, T. Sopon, W. Phakphisut, K. Hozumi and W. Wongtrairat, “Ionograms Scaling
by Using the Convolutional Neural Network”, 2021 International Electrical Engineering Congress(iEECON2021), Thailand, pp. 245-248, 2021.
Watanabe, K., Jin, H., Nishimoto, S. et al. Model-based reproduction and validation of the total spectraof a solar flare and their impact on the global environment at the X9.3 event of September 6, 2017.
Earth Planets Space 73, 96. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01376-6, 2021.
Ajith, K. K., G. Li, S. T. Ram, M. Yamamoto, K. Hozumi, P. Abadi, H. Xie, “On the seeding of
periodic equatorial plasma bubbles by gravity waves associated with tropical cyclone: A case study", J.
Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 125 (10), e2020JA028003. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028003,
2020.
Andoh, S., A. Saito, H. Shinagawa, K. M. Ejiri, First simulations of day-to-day variability of midlatitude sporadic E layer structures, Earth Planets Space, 72, 165. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-02001299-8, 2020
Tao, C., M. Nishioka, S. Saito, D. Shiota, K. Watanabe, N. Nishizuka, T. Tsugawa, and M. Ishii,
Statistical analysis of short-wave fadeout for extreme space weather event estimation Earth Planets
Space, 72:173, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-020-01278-z, 2020
Tao, C., H. Jin, Y. Miyoshi, H. Shinagawa, H. Fujiwara, M. Nishioka, and M. Ishiim, Numerical
forecast of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere using GAIA, Earth Planets Space, 72:178,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-020-01307-x, 2020
Thu, H. P. T., C. A. Mazaudier, M. L. Huy, D. N. Thanh, H. L. Viet, N. L. Thi, K. Hozumi, T. L.
Truong, "Comparison between IRI-2012, IRI-2016 models and F2 peak parameters in two stations of
the EIA in Vietnam during different solar activity periods", Advances in Space Research, 65 (5), pp.
2076-2092, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.asr.2020.07.017, 2020.
Tongkasem, N., L. M. M. Myint, P. Supnithi, T. Komolmis and K. Hozumi, “The disturbance effects
on single frequency GPS positioning at low geomagnetic latitude stations in Thailand”, International
Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications (ITC-CSCC), Nagoya,Japan, pp. 411-415, 2020.

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Tulasi, R. T., K. K. Ajith, T. Yokoyama, M. Yamamoto, K. Hozumi, K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, G. Li,"Dilatory and downward development of 3-meter scale irregularities in the Funnel-like region of a
rapidly rising Equatorial Plasma Bubble", GRL, 47(13), https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087256, 2020.

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