Concluding Report ariffin mahamud

Action Plan toward Effective Flood Hazard
Mapping in My Country in Malaysia(Concluding report)

JICA region focused training course on flood hazard mapping

JFY 2006

Ariffin Mahamud
Hydrology and Water Resources Division
Department of Irrigation and Drainage
MALAYSIA
KM 7, Jalan Ampang, 68000 Ampang, Kuala Lumpur
Tel. 03-42552609 Fax: 03-42563735

Email address: hjariffin@water.gov.my1

Concluding Report ariffin mahamud

A. THE ROLE OF FLOOD HAZARD MAPS TO MITIGATE FLOOD DAMAGES IN
MALAYSIA

Flood Status in Malaysia
1. Flood is the most significant natural disaster in Malaysia in terms of frequency,
inundated areas, population affected and economical loss. It has been estimated
9% of land area (29, 800 km2) in the country is flood prone areas, 22 % of thepopulation (4.82 million) is affected by floods and the average annual flood
damage is about RM 1 billion.
2. Heavy rainfall during North East Monsoon affecting the east coast of Peninsular
Malaysia (widespread flood). Intense rainstorms during inter monsoon periods ofApril-May and August-October causing flash floods in major towns such as Kuala
Lumpur and Johor Bharu.
3. Climate and Topography in Malaysia-

Annual average rainfall
Peninsular Malaysia: 2500 mm
Sabah: 3000 mm
Sarawak: 3500 mm-Extreme events
600 mm in 24 hours
100 – 200 mm in 2 hours-Topographyi.

Hilly upper reaches

ii. Normal sloping middle reaches (1 in 2,000)
iii. Gentle sloping lower reaches (less than 1 in 5,000)
iv. Mostly subject to tidal influence downstream
v. Shallow river bed in flood plain due to sedimentationvi. High tidal influence can cause flooding in coastal areas

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4. Types of Flooding and Causes of Flooding In Malaysiai.

Extensive basin flood(Riverbank overflow)

ii. Inundation basin flood(Backwater effect from tidal influence affecting lower reaches)iii. Inland flood(Poor drainage from inland flood prone area)

iv. Urban flash flood(Inadequate drainage and storage systems to cater for rapidurbanization)
Table 1 – Flood Trends in Malaysia
Item

Year

Flooded Area (km2)
People Affected (million)
Flood Damage

1982

2002

29, 02129, 799

2.7

4.82

RM 326 million

RM 915 million(1992)

Present Countermeasures for Mitigating Flood Damages in Malaysia
Structural (curative) as well as non-structural (preventive) measures have been proposed toalleviate the flooding problem.
Structural Measures
The main structural measures carried out by DID are:i)Flood Control Dams

Some examples of dams specially constructed for flood mitigation are Batu Dam andSemberong Dam while irrigation dams include Pedu and Beris Dam. Hydroelectric dams built
by Tenaga Nasional Berhad among others are Kenyir Dam and Bersia Dam. The Klang Gates
Dam is an example of a dam built for domestic usage and also serves as a flood mitigationdam.

3Concluding Report ariffin mahamudii) River Improvement WorksRiver improvement works, which are carried out, are realignment and canalisation of river
channels, including widening and deepening to improve original undersized channels.
iii) Storage Ponds of Flood Attenuation
Disused mining pools can be used as detention or retention ponds to regulate floodwaters sothat the flood peaks are attenuated. The Batu/Jinjang Pond Project in Kuala Lumpur diverts
excess floodwater from Sg. Gombak into Batu Pond for temporary storage and from Sg.
Keroh to Jinjang Pond. Water in the pond will be released slowly back to the river after theflood flow has subsided.
iv) Flood Diversion Channel or Tunnel
Certain river stretches especially in major city centres, due to intensive development along
both riverbanks, can no longer be widened or deepened to accommodate the increasing flood
discharges through the city. Under such circumstances, excess floodwater has to be retained
upstream in storage ponds or diverted downstream through a flood diversion channel ortunnel. The Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel (SMART) Project implemented in
Kuala Lumpur when completed will alleviate flooding in the city centre by diverting away large
volumes of floodwater.

Non-structural Measures
Non-structural measures are carried out more for preventing floods from occurring andminimising losses due to flooding. Some of these measures are:i)Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM)

Under the concept of Integrated River Basin Management, the whole river basin is planned in
an integrated manner and all factors are taken into account when any development plan isproposed. Factors like zoning river corridors, riparian areas, natural flood plain, conservationof wetlands, storage ponds etc will be taken into consideration when preparing floodmanagement plans.
ii) Preparation of Guidelines and Design Standards
The DID has published more than 20 Hydrological Procedures as well as the Urban Drainage
Planning and Design Procedure No. 1 which specified clear requirements, both physical and4

Concluding Report ariffin mahamud

technical, for rivers and their reserves, as well as flood mitigation and urban drainage projects
to be used as reference materials and guidelines.
In the year 2000, DID introduced the Urban Stormwater Management Manual (MASMA) whichobtained Cabinet (central government) approval for implementation commencing 1 January
2001 and is to be complied with by all local authorities and the public and private sectors. The
Manual provides control-at-source measures and recommendations on flood fighting by
utilising detention/retention, infiltration and purification processes.
iii) Flood Forecasting and Warning System
Telemetric forecasting systems have been installed in the major river basins namely Kelantan,Pahang, Perak, Sadong, Kinabatangan, Klang, Terengganu, Besut, Dungun, and Johor whilst
VHF flood forecasting systems have been established in smaller basins. In river basins prone
to flash floods, flood warning sirens have been installed at strategic locations along certain
urban rivers. These sirens will be automatically triggered once the flood level reaches a criticalpoint to alert the local residents of impending floods. The Department also provides a webbased

informationsystem

onflood

warning

andflood

information

through

http://infobanjir.water.gov.myFlood response will be functional after the flood event occurs especially during the monsoon
season. It’s included with the five main activities as below:
i.

‘Pre’ flood, ‘During’ flood and ‘Post’ floodii.

Flood forecasting and warning system

iii.

Flood disaster management, flood fighting, evacuationiv.

Flood operation and relief centres at District, State and Federal levelsv.

Flood damage assessment

Flood Hazard Map In Malaysia•

As a non-structural measures, Flood Hazard Map is very useful and beneficial to thep o p u l a t i on .

•FHM which includes information on INUNDATION areas, EVACUATION centres andALTERNATIVE routes in an easy-to-understand way where people can evacuate in aSAFE, SMOOTH and QUICK manner when disasters are anticipated to occurr•The maps are produced for public awareness to deal with the problems and situation
during floods.

.

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B. THE ALLOCATION OF ROLES IN MAKING FLOOD HAZARD MAPS IN MALAYSIANo.

OrganizationsandRoles

1.

NationalDisasters
Committee

Relief Planning, coordinating and supervising relief
operations during flood. Support the flood disaster
preparedness activities among the committee
members.

2.

Ministry of Finance3.

Ministry of Natural Resources and and - Support and provide development allocation forEnvironment
flood mitigation projects at federal level.

Prepare Malaysia’sdevelopments.

budgetsfor

fiveyearly- Dissemination of the importance of Flood
Hazard Map

4.

State Government- Support and provide development allocation forflood mitigation projects at the state level.
- Dissemination of the importance of Flood
Hazard Map- Provide information on evacuation routes intheir region.

5.

Department of Irrigation and Drainage- Providing flood forecasting and warning service
to the public.
- Main organizations for planning, prepare anddisseminate Flood Hazard Map.

6.

Department of Survey and Mapping

7.

Meteorological Services of Malaysia,
Providing weather forecast information with
State Department of Information
regards to flood forecasting and warning activities.

8.

9.

10.

MalaysianCenterSensing (MACRES)

For

Remote Providing the satellite images with regards to flood
forecasting and warning activities.

Department of Public Defence, State
Fire and Rescue Department, Armyand Police
Department of Welfare

Providing the digital topographic map, DEM of thedrainage basin.

Rescue works

Providing the evacuation shelter information.

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C. THE ‘ACTION PLAN’ OF MAKING FLOOD HAZARD MAPS IN MY COUNTRY¾ Organising worksyops to introduced FHM to various agencies involved indevelopment works¾

Collection of datas¾Determine the effective evacuation route and centre¾Determine the basic needs e.g. utilities, convenient store near-by, mosque etc¾ Conducting interviews with target groups. To improve the FHM accordingly.
¾ To disseminate the completed FHM to target group by early 2009.

Target Area: The state of Kelantan

Target Area : Kelantan State

Why Kelantan State ?

KELANTAN STATE

KelantanRiverKelantan River

Malaysia consist 14 states includes the Kelantan StateKelantan State – Land area : 15, 101 km2

Kelantan State - East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia- widespread flooding area, flooding occurred annually during theNorth East Monsoon- Consists 10 districts

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Concluding Report ariffin mahamud

Flood impact to the Kelantan State (1983 – 2004)

Total of
Death
PeopleTotal amount ofdamages (in RinggitMalaysia)

Year

Total of
Evacueess2004

10,4761214,317,800.00

3,767,842

2003

2,228

2

5,554,400.00

1,461,684

no record

1,420,000.00

373,684

2002

no record

Total amount ofdamages (in USD)

2001

5,800

0

8,462,700.00

2,227,026

2000

506

0

4,940,620.00

1,300,163

1

1,924,440.00

506,4320

1,628,455.00

428,541

1999
1998

no record

136

1997

no record

no record

922,020.00

242,637

1996

no evacuation

0735,795.00

193,630

1995

1,172

4

1,485,095.00

390,814

1994

441

2

2,413,922.30

635,243

1993

13,58701,512,816.50

398,110

1992

743

0

329,256.05

86,6462

1,427,872.45

375,756

4

1,036,100.00

272,658

no record

--

1991
1990
1989

no record

4,581
no record

1988

41,059

0-

-

1987

402

0

3,338,589.00

878,576

1986

7,968

0

6,092,454.25

1,603,277--

1,998,268.00

525,860

1985

no record

no record

1984

7,177

9

1983

33,8150-

Usefulness of Flood Hazard Map in Kelantan State, Malaysia•

To reduce property loss and casualties•

To help a smooth evacuation•

To give the awareness to residents the importance of FHM whichlead to safe evacuation, thus lives and properties are safe

•The state of Kelantan has many telemetric stations (water leveland rainfall)

8Concluding Report ariffin mahamud

Flooding in Kota Bahru, Kelantan - 10 to 16 Dec 2004

Action Plan within the Next Five (5) YearsYear
2007

Action Plan
Dissemination of the importance of FHM¾ Deliver presentation of FHM to my division¾ Formed working group¾ Organising worksyops¾ To liase with the Department of Surveying and Mapping
2008¾ Carried out interviews with the target group

Promote FHM to local government, schools and NGO’s¾ Town watching (participation from school children, local government etc.)

2009

Disseminate the completed FHM to the people of the state of Kelantan

2010

Carry out survey/interviews the effectiveness of FHM

Problems in Making Flood Hazard Map in Malaysia•Insufficient data e.g DEM (digital elevation map)
• Priotised jobs
• To convinced the residents, local government and various agencies.

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D. My own Flood Hazard Map on Ise City.

E. ADVICE/SUGGESTIONS IN MAKING THIS GFUL‘

D Improvement From The FHM On Ise City
¾ The Flood Hazard Map provided is very informative.Updating from to time to timedepending on the necessity and the urgency.
¾ FHM is very important and beneficial before any structural measures undertaken¾ Town watching activities are very useful to gather the latest information, the needs of theresidents during evacuation process and the needs of the Government to save lives andproperties

10

Concluding Report ariffin mahamud¾ The cooperation between residents, Municipal Office and the Government will save a lot oflives and property loss.
¾ FHM is very importantant for town planners to develop any city to cope up with hazards

E Conclusion•Knowledged and technical know-how acquired in Japan is a treasure, hence very
beneficial to me and my department•ICHARM/PWRI/JICA had successfully delivered the needs of the developing countries tosafe lives and properties - for the sake of mankind through this FHM course

F Acknowledgement
I would like to take this opportunity to thanks ICHARM / PWRI / JICA for making this course a
successful, enjoyable and a memorable event.
My deepest appreciation to all the staffs for their hardworking and understandings to bear with 16
participants of different personalities and character. It’s really a good experience to be with you alland my dear participants.
My sincere gratitude and appreciation to TBIC for making my stay in Japan so enjoyable thoughsometimes ‘homesick’.
Domo arigato gozaimasu. See you11