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CAN232

CAN232
ManualNovember 2003
Version 2.0A

CAN232 Manual

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CAN232In this manual are descriptions for copyrighted products that are not explicity indicated as such. The absenceof the copyright © symbol does not infer that a product is not protected. Additionally, registered patents andtrademarks are similarly not expessly indicated in this manual.

The information in this document has been very carefully checked and is believed to be reliable. However,
LAWICEL assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies. LAWICEL gives no guarantee nor accepts any
liability what so ever for consequential damages resulting from the use of this manual or it’s associatedproduct. LAWICEL reserves the right to change the information contained herin without prior notification.

Further, LAWICEL offers no guarantee nor accepts any liability for damages for improper usage or improper
installation of the hardware described herein. Finally LAWICEL reserves the right to change the hardware or
design without prior notification and accepts no liability for doing so.

© Copyright 2001-2003 LAWICEL HB
All rights reserved. Printed in Sweden.

Includes translation, reprint, broadcast, photomechanical or similar reproduction.
No reproduction may be performed without the written agreement from LAWICEL.

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CAN232

1.0 Introduction
The LAWICEL CAN232 is a low cost and easy to use dongle, that could be used together with any
O/S without drivers since it is an RS232 to CAN gateway. Simply connect it to any PC runningDOS, Windows95/98/ME, NT4/2000/XP or Linux and ”talk” with the unit in standard ASCII format.
It could also be used together with Embedded computers that needs a simple CAN connectivity
without changing the excisting hardware. The CAN232 handles both the 11bit ID format as well as
the 29bit ID format, built in FIFO queues, extended info/error information and simple power up
through a few commands. The CAN232 is only 68mm long, 31mm wide and 16mm thick using thelatest technology of small SMD parts on both sides of the board, the power behind is an Atmel AVR
and the Philips SJA1000 CAN controller and that makes it very flexible in the way of handling small
bursts of CAN frames at a high bus speed. The CAN232 can be customized with your needs as a
CAN to RS232 unit (i.e. convert excisting RS232 products to CAN that are too expensive to replaceor to extend an RS232 network longer than the normal length is for RS232 etc.). This document
describes the 2:nd version of the CAN232 which can be updated via a bootloader (version V1220
or higher of the CAN232). The original version number 1 of the CAN232 manual can be found atwww.can232.com. Some commands in this manual will not work in the old original version plus theperformance (speeds and buffers etc.) described here is only valid for the new version 2.

1.1 Installation
The RS232 side of the dongle (DB9 female) is inserted directly into a PC’s COM serial port or via
a cable to the Host system (such as an embedded system etc.). The CAN side of the dongle (DB9male) has the same pinout as the standard CAN in Automation (CiA) DS102 profile and the CAN232
dongle must be powered via the CAN side with 8 to 15VDC. The dongle is ESD protected soreversing the power will not damage the CAN232, instead the power supply will be short circuited
to protect the CAN232 dongle. The CAN232 dongle needs about 40-100mA depending on how
much the CAN network is loaded (i.e. numbers of nodes etc.). Below is a simple schematic showing
how to connect the CAN232.

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CAN232

1.2 Testing the CAN232
Test the CAN232 by installing it to a PC’s COM port and power it up according to instructions on
previous page under section 1.1. When the CAN232 gets power the 2 LEDs (red & green) will blink
rapidly some times depening on what RS232 speed it is set up to. If the RS232 is set to 57,600baud(default when delivered) both LEDs will blink 3 times (the higher RS232 speed the less it blinks,
see the U command for more info). Then start Windows Terminal software (or your favourite
terminal sofware) and set it up to e.g. 57600baud, 8 databits, no parity, 1 stop bit (if the CAN232 is
set to 57,600baud), also set local echo on so you can see what you type and set the check flag sothat it appends a line feed when it receive and end of line. Finally, make sure you have hardware
and software handshaking off. Then make sure you are connected and press >ENTER< and it will
make a new line, then press V and >ENTER< and it will print/reply Vhhss, where hh is the hardware
version and ss is the software version. Now you know you have full contact with the CAN232 unit
and can set it up with a CAN speed and open the CAN port, send and receive frames. Note thatthe green LED indicates that a CAN frame is succesfully sent or received into the CAN232 unit.
Note that you must at least have 2 nodes to send/receive CAN frames and that the CAN cable
network is terminated at both ends with 120 ohms over the CANL and CANH lines plus that atwisted pair CAN cable is used. The CAN232 is set to accept all frames, so no need to set filters
etc. for testing. The CAN232 can also be tested with the sample programs at www.can232.com.

1.3 CAN232 limitations
There are of course limitations of how many frames the CAN232 can send & receive. Current
version (V1220) is tested with a throughput of sending 500 standard 11bit frames with 8 databytes
at 125kbit CAN bitrate and 115,200 baudrate of the RS232. The bottle neck is of course theRS232 side and the microcontroller not being able to handle more frames per second. So the
CAN232 is aimed for low speed CAN networks and works very well with CAN speeds at 125kbit orless but of course it is usable up to 1 Mbit (but the bus load may not be high at these speeds or e.g.
the filter has to be set to accept some of the frames). The CAN232 has software CAN FIFO
queues for both sending and reception. These transmit FIFO can handle 8 frames (standard or
extended) while the receive FIFO can handle 32 frames (standard or extended). Furthermore the
CAN232 has only a small RS232 buffer, so it can only handle one or tow command at a time,
meaning before sending the next command to it, you must wait for an answer from the CAN232
unit (OK which is [CR] or Error which is [BELL]).

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CAN232

1.4 Driver Design Guide
The CAN232 doesn’t come with a driver. Since many commercial development tools provide an
RS232 ASYNC LIB (such as Visual Basic, Deplhi etc.) it is simple to write a simple program to”talk” to the CAN232 unit. The best way is to make a thread that handles all the communication to
the CAN232 and puts all messages in FIFO queues or mail boxes depending on your application.
We strongly recommend that you use the new ”AUTO POLL/SEND” feature of the new CAN232
instead of using the old P and A commands. See X command for more info on how to turn on thisnew feature and disable the old functions (this behaviour is set in EEPROM and will be rememberedon next power up, so there is no need to set this each time you configure it up). This new feature
also changes the reply back from t and T commands, so instead of just replying [CR] back whensending a frame it responds z[CR] or Z[CR] depending on command. The reason for this is only tomake it simple to parse commands from the CAN232 (i.e. to recognize that a transmit command
was successful inbetween frames that are being sent out from the CAN232).
Always start each session (when your program starts) with sending 2-3 [CR] to empty any priorcomand or queued character in the CAN232 (many times are power up there could be false
characters in the queue or old ones that was from a previous session), then check the CAN
version with V command (to be sure that you have communication with the unit at correct speed)then set up the CAN speed with s or S command, then open the CAN port with O, then the
CAN232 is in operation for both sending and receiving CAN frames. Send frames with the t ot T
command and wait for a response back to see it it was placed in the CAN FIFO transmission
queue or the queue was full. Incomming frames from the CAN bus will be sent out at ones on the
RS232 or queued in the FIFO if the RS232 is full. Then once in a while send the F command to see
if there are any errors (e.g. each 100-500mS or if you get an error back from the CAN232). If you
get to many errors back after sending commands to the unit, send 2-3 [CR] to empty the buffer,then issue the commands again, if this continue allert the user or application within your programthat there is a communication error (e.g. a damaged RS232 tranceiver or power failure).
However the www.can232.com website offers many sample programs as well as a freeware RS232
LIB for Delphi. These programs are free to use or alter to suit your needs.

1.5 Version Information
The version number of CAN232 consists of 2 versions, one for the hardware and one for thesoftware. These two version numbers are combined into one unique version string with 5 charactersstarting with a V, then 2 characters for hardware and finally 2 characters for software. E.g. version
V1220 indicates that it is hardware version 1.2 and software version 2.0. If we update the hardware
we will increase version number of the 2 first characters and if we add or change commands orcorrect bugs the software version number will increase. To see if your CAN232 supports thecommands in this manual, check which version number you have by sending the V command to
the CAN232 (see under commands how it works). Each command in this manual also list a version
number and it indicates which version the command works in (i.e. we add commands continiously
and the version information indicatates then which version these commands are availible from).
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CAN232

2.0 Availible CAN232 ASCII Commands:
Note:

All commands to the CAN232 must end with [CR] (Ascii=13) andthey are CASE sensitive.

Sn[CR]

Setup with standard CAN bit-rates where n is 0-8.
This command is only active if the CAN channel is closed.

(V1010)sxxyy[CR]

S0
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8

Setup 10Kbit
Setup 20Kbit
Setup 50Kbit
Setup 100Kbit
Setup 125Kbit
Setup 250Kbit
Setup 500Kbit
Setup 800Kbit
Setup 1Mbit

Example:S4[CR]
Setup CAN to 125Kbit.

Returns:

CR (Ascii 13) for OK or BELL (Ascii 7) for ERROR.

Setup with BTR0/BTR1 CAN bit-rates where xx and yy is a hex
value. This command is only active if the CAN channel is closed.

(V1010)

O[CR]

xx
yy

BTR0 value in hex
BTR1 value in hex

Example:s031C[CR]
Setup CAN with BTR0=0x03 & BTR1=0x1C
which equals to 125Kbit.

Returns:

CR (Ascii 13) for OK or BELL (Ascii 7) for ERROR.

Open the CAN channel.
This command is only active if the CAN channel is closed andhas been set up prior with either the S or s command (i.e. initiated).

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Example:O[CR]Open the channel

Returns:

CR (Ascii 13) for OK or BELL (Ascii 7) for ERROR.

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CAN232C[CR]Close the CAN channel.
This command is only active if the CAN channel is open.

(V1010)tiiildd...[CR]Example:C[CR]Close the channel

Returns:

CR (Ascii 13) for OK or BELL (Ascii 7) for ERROR.

Transmit a standard (11bit) CAN frame.
This command is only active if the CAN channel is open.

(V1010)Tiiiiiiiildd...[CR]

iii
l
dd

Identifier in hex (000-7FF)
Data length (0-8)
Byte value in hex (00-FF). Numbers of dd pairs
must match the data length, otherwise an error
occur.

Example 1:

t10021133[CR]Sends an 11bit CAN frame with ID=0x100, 2 bytes
with the value 0x11 and 0x33.

Example 2:t0200[CR]Sends an 11bit CAN frame with ID=0x20 & 0 bytes.

Returns:

If Auto Poll is disabled (default) the CAN232 replies
CR (Ascii 13) for OK or BELL (Ascii 7) for ERROR.
If Auto Poll is enabled (see X command) the CAN232
replies z[CR] for OK or BELL (Ascii 7) for ERROR.

Transmit an extended (29bit) CAN frame.
This command is only active if the CAN channel is open.

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Identifier in hex (00000000-1FFFFFFF)
Data length (0-8)
Byte value in hex (00-FF). Numbers of dd pairs
must match the data length, otherwise an error
occur.

Example 1:t0000010021133[CR]Sends a 29bit CAN frame with ID=0x100, 2 bytes
with the value 0x11 and 0x33.

Returns:

If Auto Poll is disabled (default) the CAN232 replies
CR (Ascii 13) for OK or BELL (Ascii 7) for ERROR.
If Auto Poll is enabled (see X command) the CAN232
replies Z[CR] for OK or BELL (Ascii 7) for ERROR.

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Poll incomming FIFO for CAN frames (single poll)
This command is only active if the CAN channel is open.
NOTE: This command is disabled in the new AUTO POLL/SEND
feature from version V1220. It will then reply BELL if used.
Example 1:

P[CR]Poll one CAN frame from the FIFO queue.

Returns:

A CAN frame with same formatting as when sending
frames and ends with a CR (Ascii 13) for OK. If there
are no pendant frames it returns only CR. If CAN
channel isn’t open it returns BELL (Ascii 7). If the
TIME STAMP is enabled, it will reply back the timein milliseconds as well after the last data byte (before
the CR). For more information, see the Z command.

Polls incomming FIFO for CAN frames (all pending frames)
This command is only active if the CAN channel is open.
NOTE: This command is disabled in the new AUTO POLL/SEND
feature from version V1220. It will then reply BELL if used.
Example 1:

A[CR]Polls all CAN frame from the FIFO queue.

Returns:

CAN frames with same formatting as when sending
frames seperated with a CR (Ascii 13). When all
frames are polled it ends with an A anda CR (Ascii 13) for OK. If there are no pending
frames it returns only an A and CR. If CAN
channel isn’t open it returns BELL (Ascii 7). If the
TIME STAMP is enabled, it will reply back the timein milliseconds as well after the last data byte (before
the CR). For more information, see the Z command.

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CAN232F[CR]Read Status Flags.
This command is only active if the CAN channel is open.

(V1010)
Example 1:

F[CR]Read Status Flags.

Returns:

An F with 2 bytes BCD hex value plus CR (Ascii 13)
for OK. If CAN channel isn’t open it returns BELL
(Ascii 7). This command also clear the RED Error
LED. See availible errors below. E.g. F01[CR]

Bit 0
Bit 1
Bit 2
Bit 3
Bit 4
Bit 5
Bit 6
Bit 7

CAN receive FIFO queue full
CAN transmit FIFO queue fullError warning (EI), see SJA1000 datasheet
Data Overrun (DOI), see SJA1000 datasheet
Not used.
Error Passive (EPI), see SJA1000 datasheet
Arbitration Lost (ALI), see SJA1000 datasheet *Bus Error (BEI), see SJA1000 datasheet *** Arbitration lost doesn’t generate a blinking RED light!
** Bus Error generates a constant RED light!

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Sets Auto Poll/Send ON/OFF for received frames.
This command is only active if the CAN channel is closed.
The value will be saved in EEPROM and remembered next time
the CAN232 is powered up. This command shouldn’t be used morethan when you want to change this behaviour. It is set to OFF bydefault, to be compatible with old programs written for CAN232.
Setting it to ON, will disable the P and A command plus change thereply back from using the t and T command (see these commands
for more information on the reply). We strongly recommend that you
set this feature and upgrade from the old polling mechanism. By
doing this, you will save bandwith and increase number of CAN
frames that can be sent to the CAN232. When this feature is set,
CAN frames will be sent out on the RS232 as soon as the CAN
channel is opened.
Example 1:

X0[CR]
Turn OFF the Auto Poll/Send feature (default).

Example 2:

X1[CR]
Turn ON the Auto Poll/Send feature.

Returns:

CR (Ascii 13) for OK or BELL (Ascii 7) for ERROR.

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CAN232Mxxxxxxxx[CR]Sets Acceptance Code Register (ACn Register of SJA1000).
This command is only active if the CAN channel is initiated andnot opened.

(V1010)mxxxxxxxx[CR]xxxxxxxx

Acceptance Code in hex with LSB first,
AC0, AC1, AC2 & AC3.
For more info, see Philips SJA1000 datasheet.

Example:M00000000[CR]Set Acceptance Code to 0x00000000
This is default when power on, i.e. receive all frames.

Returns:

CR (Ascii 13) for OK or BELL (Ascii 7) for ERROR.

Sets Acceptance Mask Register (AMn Register of SJA1000).
This command is only active if the CAN channel is initiated andnot opened.

(V1010)xxxxxxxx

Acceptance Mask in hex with LSB first,
AM0, AM1, AM2 & AM3.
For more info, see Philips SJA1000 datasheet.

Example:mFFFFFFFF[CR]Set Acceptance Mask to 0xFFFFFFFF
This is default when power on, i.e. receive all frames.

Returns:

CR (Ascii 13) for OK or BELL (Ascii 7) for ERROR.

Setting Acceptance Code and Mask registers
The Acceptance Code Register and the Acceptance Mask Register works together and they canfilter out 2 groups of messages. For more information on how this work, look in the SJA1000
datasheet. In 11bit ID´s it is possible to filter out a single ID this way, but in 29bit ID’s it is only
possible to filter out a group of ID’s. The example below will set a filter to only receive all 11bit
ID’s from 0x300 to 0x3FF.
Commands
M00006000[CR]m00001FF0[CR]Comments
AC0=0x00, AC1=0x00, AC2=0x60 & AC3=0x00
AM0=0x00, AM1=0x00, AM2=0x1F & AM3=0xF0

The first command tells the filter 2 to match 2 bits and if they are not set (in this case it corresponds
to 0x3nn, the 3). The second command tells the nn to be don't care, so it could be from 0 to FF,
though not so easy to read, since they are not placed nice in a row in memory. Filter 1 s turned off(uses AM0, AM1 & half lower AM3). The last byte in the mask could also be 0xE0 instead of 0xF0,then we filter out the RTR bit as well and you wont accept RTR frames.

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CAN232
Un[CR](V1012)

Setup UART with a new baud rate where n is 0-6.
This command is only active if the CAN channel is closed.
The value is saved in EEPROM and is remembered next time
the CAN232 is powered up.
U0
U1
U2
U3
U4
U5
U6

•
••
•••
••••
•••••
•••••••••••••

Setup 230400 baud (not guaranteed to work)
Setup 115200 baud
Setup 57600 baud (default when delivered)
Setup 38400 baud
Setup 19200 baud
Setup 9600 baud
Setup 2400 baud

Example:U1[CR]
Setup UART to 115200 baud.

Returns:

CR (Ascii 13) for OK or BELL (Ascii 7) for ERROR.

The dots above indicates how many times the red and green LED
blink when it is powered up. This is a simple way of knowing which
RS232 speed it is configured with.

V[CR]

Get Version number of both CAN232 hardware and softwareThis command is only active always.

(V1010)N[CR]Example:V[CR]Get Version numbers

Returns:

V and a 2 bytes BCD value for hardware version anda 2 byte BCD value for software version plus
CR (Ascii 13) for OK. E.g. V1013[CR]Get Serial number of the CAN232.
This command is only active always.

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Example:N[CR]Get Serial number

Returns:

N and a 4 bytes value for serial number plus
CR (Ascii 13) for OK. E.g. NA123[CR]Note that the serial number can have both numericaland alfa numerical values in it. The serial number isalso printed on the CAN232 for a quick reference,but could e.g. be used in a program to identify a
CAN232 so the program know that it is set up in thecorrect way (for parameters saved in EEPROM).

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CAN232Zn[CR](V1220)

Sets Time Stamp ON/OFF for received frames only.
This command is only active if the CAN channel is closed.
The value will be saved in EEPROM and remembered next time
the CAN232 is powered up. This command shouldn’t be used morethan when you want to change this behaviour. It is set to OFF bydefault, to be compatible with old programs written for CAN232.
Setting it to ON, will add 4 bytes sent out from CAN232 with the A
and P command or when the Auto Poll/Send feature is enabled.
When using Time Stamp each message gets a time in milliseconds
when it was received into the CAN232, this can be used for realtime applications for e.g. knowing time inbetween messages etc.
Note however by using this feature you will decrease bandwith on
the RS232, since it adds 4 bytes to each message being sent.
If the Time Stamp is OFF, the incomming frames looks like this:t10021133[CR] (a standard frame with ID=0x100 & 2 bytes)
If the Time Stamp is ON, the incomming frames looks like this:t100211334D67[CR] (a standard frame with ID=0x100 & 2 bytes)
Note the last 4 bytes 0x4D67, which is a Time Stamp for thisspecific message in milliseconds (and of course in hex). The timer
in the CAN232 starts at zero 0x0000 and goes up to 0xEA5F before
it loop arround and get’s back to 0x0000. This corresponds to exact
60,000mS (i.e. 1 minute which will be more than enough in most
systems).

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Example 1:

Z0[CR]
Turn OFF the Time Stamp feature (default).

Example 2:

Z1[CR]
Turn ON the Time Stamp feature.

Returns:

CR (Ascii 13) for OK or BELL (Ascii 7) for ERROR.

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