DATLUN
Databases manager of the
Virtual Moon Atlas
Documentation for the version 8

Welcome in "DATLUN" (c) the "Virtual Moon Atlas" databases
manager.
As amateur astronomers, we continue to improve VMA for conceiving a usefulsoftware for lunar observer also efficient "on the field". We try to add new functions
and a user friendly interface. This is why Patrick Chevalley has coded a databasemanager called "DATLUN" (copyrighted name) that allows you to select precisely
lunar formations that seems you interesting for your own studies and that allows you
to localize them on the VMA map.
These extended possibilities are permited by the fact that Christian legrandprocesses "formated" databases, that allows specific extractions based on precise
terms or expressions.
This version includes the functions that have seemed us the more useful. Sure, we
are yet thinking to new possibilities that will be included in the next versions.
"DATLUN" (c) is a dedicated to the Moon software which is very powerful since ituses SQL requests. This manual is necessary to discover all its possibilities. We
advice you to read it carefully while testing the described functions.
Good use and we haope that you will appreciate this new software and recommand it
around you.

Thank you very much for your confidence.

Christian Legrand & Patrick Chevalley

DATLUN SCREENDATLUN screen is in a Windows frame. As all the Windows frames, you can
minimize, maximize or adapt its size if you click on the upper right buttons in the titlebar.
It's possible to open together ATLUN (c) and DATLUN (c) modules allowing
formations localisation on the map, while accessing to all the datas about thesformations.. You can also launch DATLUN (c) from the ATLUN (c) module in clicking
on the associated button on buttons bar.
DATLUN (c) window features :- The menus bar- The window "List"- The state bar

THE MENUS BARThis bar contains the menus giving access to functions lists.

THE "FILES" MENUAs a tradition in all Windows (r) sofwares, in DATLUN it's used to select and maintainthe databases and to exit the software.
"Default selection" FUNCTION
This function allows you to come back to the maximum selection which is the"default" selection. All the databases and all the columns are selected and there is no
SQL request running in background.

"Database maintenance" FUNCTION
This function conducts to a new sub-menu :"Export selection to CSV" FUNCTION
This function allows you to export the selected formations list which is visible in the"List" window into a CSV file usable in the major calc softwares as Microsoft Excel (r)The classic Windows "record files" window will appear. Record your extraction in the
directory you have choosen.
Beware, databases informations are copyrighted and can be used only for personal
use and not in a commercial goal.
"Import selection from CSV" FUNCTION
This function allows you to import a personal formations list compiled in a CSV fileand import it as a VMA database.
Please, have a look at the detailed description here to see how it works.

"Delete selection from database" FUNCTION
BE CAREFUL WHEN USING THIS FUNCTION !
If you click on this function, the selection realized in "DATLUN" will be immediatly
deleted from the involved databases and cannot be recovered, but if you reinstall
VMA.

"Quit" function
This function allows you to quit "DATLUN" and closes all the databases. The setup
about selected databases, columns and selection will be kept for your next session.

THE "SELECTION" MENUThis menu opens a window which permits you :- to select the databases to be used.
- to select formations types that you want to study.
- to select a formations list based on a specific value in a single field.
- to select a formations list based on several crossed criterias.

On first time, the window opens in "basic" mode. After that, it's possible to use the"Expert" mode.
"Select databases" function
When pressing the "Select database" button opens a new window :Fill boxes of all the databases you want to open. The more opened, the more longer
for managing them. If your computer is not too powerful, select useful minimum. It's,
sure, necessary to have downloaded and / or installed these databases before. New
databases are on work and could be incorporated in VMA and DATLUN in the future.
The version 7 database is the largest existing lunar database to date. The files
represent nearly 300 MB of text in French and as much in English! It contains thedescriptive files of more than 1 million lunar formations with varying amounts of data
depending on the official bases from which they originate.
It is separated into twelve distinct bases:- NAMED FORMATIONS : The formations of the visible & hidden faces which have a
specific name validated by the UAI (ex: Clavius, Rima Hyginus, Montes Alpes ...):(1,800 entries approximately)- SATELLITE FORMATIONS: The formations of the visible & hidden faces which do
not have a specific name, but a lettered index backed by an official name and which
are validated by the UAI (ex: Clavius D, Hyginus A .. .): (Around 7000 entries)- SALAMUNICCAR UNNAMED FORMATIONS: The formations of the visible &hidden faces which do not have a specific name or an index and which are notvalidated by the UAI. These are from the work carried out by Goran Salamuniccar of
the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb and his
team (Base LU 78 287) who gave us permission to include them in the VMA (Thanks
to him!) . The name of these courses is represented by the LUN (Lunar Universal
Number) developed by Christian Legrand specially for the VMA: (approximately
69,600 entries)
WARNING ! Given the extremely large number of formations listed in thisdatabase that the software must display, it is advisable to use it only with zoom
levels corresponding to levels L4 to L6. The display of all formations may takesome time. We also recommend checking the "Short label" box in the"Configuration / Display" menu so as not to clutter the map too much withlabels.

- ROBBINS UNNAMED FORMATIONS: The formations of the visible & hidden faces
which do not have a specific name or an index and which are not validated by the
UAI. These are from the work of Stuart J. Robbins of the Southwest ResearchInstitute (Robbins Lunar Crater Database 2018-08-15) who gave us permission to
include them in the AVL (Thanks to him!). The name of these courses is represented
by the LUN (Lunar Universal Number) developed by Christian Legrand specially for
the AVL: (approximately 1,300,000 entries). This base contains only 4 fields takenfrom the base of S. J. Robbins so as not to weigh down the display performance of
the VMA.
WARNING ! Given the extremely large number of formations listed in thisdatabase that the software must display, it is advisable to use it only with zoom
levels corresponding to levels L4 to L6. The display of all formations may takesome time. We also recommend checking the "Short label" box in the"Configuration / Display" menu so as not to clutter the map too much withlabels.

- HISTORICAL SITES : Historical sites on both sides: The sites of all voluntary or
accidental impacts of human origin compiled specially for VMA by Christian Legrand(ex: Apollo 15 Base, Ranger 7, Luna 9, Apollo 17 S-IVB, Chang'é, Chandrayann 2 ...)
(59 entries)- PYROCLASTICS FORMATIONS : The list of pyroclastic deposits compiled by Lisa
Gaddis and her team (80 entries)- DOMES: A list of lunar volcanic domes compiled by the members of the ALPO
association (700 entries)- NELIOTA IMPACTS : The list of contemporary meteoritic impacts on the lunar
surface listed by the Athens National Observatory as part of the NELIOTA (Near
Earth objects Lunar Impacts and Optical TrAnsients) program piloted by theEuropean Space Agency (ESA).
- SINUOUS RILLES : A list of lunar sinuous volcanic rilles compiled by Debra
Hurwitz Needham who gave us permission to incorporate it into the VMA. Thank her!
Specific information from this original database has been introduced in thedescription paragraphs.
- IMP: A list of "Irregular Mare Patches" listed by Le Qiao in 2019 which gave us
permission to incorporate it into the VMA. Thank him! IMPs are formations probablyof recent volcanic origin (10 million years) with a very special geological facies and ofsmall size. Only the largest of them (Ina, Sosignenes, Hyginus...) are perceptible inamateur instruments. Specific information from this original database has been
introduced in the description paragraphs.
- LUNAR PITS: A list of "Lunar Pits" put online by Mark robinson and the LROC teamlisting the lunar cavities giving access to lava tubes. Thanks to them! These cavities
are sought after because they could shelter hypothetical Exploration Bases. This
database is associated with the “Lunar Pits” image library which shows what thesepits, which are inaccessible to observation, look like due to their small size (a few

tens of meters).
- IMPACT BASINS: An early list of the large impact basins that later gave rise to thelunar seas. A first list was compiled by Charles Wood in 2004. Since then, other lists
have been produced, including those of the GRAIL probe team (Maria Zuber et al.)and especially that of Charles Byrne in 2016. In order to agglomerate the maximumof information concerning these essential formations, we gathered these two bases inthe VMA base. Given that a number of impact basins remain putative, thisarrangement maximizes research possibilities. It is recommended to use thisdatabase with the functionality of tracing the contours of formations or with thescientific layer "Impact basins" in order to clearly visualize their respective extents.
Specific information from the original bases has been introduced in the description
paragraphs.
For each formation, available information is :- the formation name origin.
- the main lunar atlases for amateur astronomers page where to find the formation.
- the formation location on the lunar disc.
- the formation description.
- various useful information for serious observing.
- official 2012 IAU datas about this formation
Given the mixed sources of the various databases, certain information may not be
available in a given database.
Warning : In such detailed work, the data will certainly contain some mistakes- mainly input mistakes. You can also report them to Christian Legrand so that hecan correct the database.
The authors thank you in advance for your cooperation. They will be corrected assoon as possible.
Informations of the VMA databases are copyrighted "(c) Christian Legrand" and can't
be used outside of the software. For any other use, please contact the author.
"Predefined selections" THUMBNAIL

Fill boxes of all the formations types that you want to select. The more selected, themore longer for managing them. If your computer is not too powerful, select usefulminimum.
The "All" button select all the types in a single operation and the button "None" is forthe reversed operation.
"Expert" modeIf you fill the "Expert" mode box, two new thumbnails appear.

"Column value" THUMBNAIL
When you click on this thumbnail, you can select all the formations that incorporate
the EXACT value that you specify in the field that you have choosen.

The upper scrolling list allows you to choose the column.
Then fill the bow corresponding to your single request :- "=" is for "Choosen column value equal to". For example, if you choose the RUKLN
column that corresponds to the map number in the Antonin Rükl, "Atlas of the Moon",
you will see in the "List" window, only the formations that are on this map of that
Atlas.
- ">=" is for "Choosen column value upper or equal to"- "<=" is for "Choosen column value lower or equal to"- "Between" allows you to enter a value interval to respect in the choosen column.
Exemple : if you choose the LENGTHKM column that is the formation length in km,
that after you fill the box "Between" and that you enter 30 in the field to the right of"Between" and 40 in the field to the right of "and", you will see in the "List" window
only the formations that are between 30 and 40 km length.
For each query, it is possible to search for a text extract using the % wildcard. For
example NAME = B% selects all formations whose name begins with the letter B.
It is possible to refine a search by combining several conditions. To do this, enter the
first condition as above and click Add, enter the following condition and click Add.
When the query is complete click OK.
To start a new query click Delete.
Beware : there must have an exact correspondance between your extraction writing
and the field value. This function does not allows you to build a selection on a part ofthe value of a field. This is the following "SQL Request" goal.

"SQL Request" THUMBNAIL
When clicking on this thumbnail, you can select formations whose datas include
values or extracts you will specify in one or several fields that you have choosen. You
will have to know a minimum about SQL syntax language.
The buttons under the typing window make easier the request writing and avoid
syntax mistakes.
The scrolling list at lower right allows you to choose a column.

- "=" is for"equal to".
- ">" is for "upper than"- "<" is for "lower than"- "<>" is for "is different of"- "<=" is for "Choosen column value lower or equal to"- ">=" is for "Choosen column value upper or equal to"- "LIKE" is for "contains".
- "BETWEEN" is for "between".
- "NOT" is for "not".
- The "quotes" are use to delimit an alphanumerical chain.
- % is a "joker" that is used to replace a part of an alphanumerical chain

- "AND" is for "and".
- "OR" is for "or".
- "ORDER BY" is for "ordered by".
- "ASC" is for "ASCII", that's to say an alphanumerical chain.
- "DESC" signifie "".
Beware : there must have an exact correspondance between your request text andthe SQL language syntax, or mistakes notes will appear.
For example, the following request :TYPE LIKE "Cra%" AND LENGTHKM BETWEEN 30 AND 35 ORDER BY LATIN
will select IN ALL THE DATABASES PREVIOUSLY CHOOSEN, the formations forwhich the field TYPE contains the letters "Cra" (as the cra-ters and the cra-terlets),
withe the field LENGTHKM (lenght in km) value is comprised between 30 and 35(km) and will sort them according to growing LONGIN field value (growing longitude).
The following request :COUNTRY = "France" AND WORK LIKE "%ician"will select IN ALL THE DATABASES PREVIOUSLY CHOOSEN, the formations forwhich the field COUNTRY (Orignin country of the character of the name) is equal toFrance and whose work field will contain "ician" (And mathematiciens,
geophysicians, musicians...)
These two examples show well the power of the SQL request on correctly formateddatabases. To use completely this power, we have to remain the fields databases
contents :Quick description of fields names (The link conducts to a detailed description) :DBN = Name of the database containing the formation
NAME = Official name of the formation
LUN = Identification number of the formation in VMA
LUN_REDUCED : Reduced identification number for craters in VMA
TYPE = Type of theformation
PERIOD = Creation period of the formation
GEOLOGY = Special geological features of the formation
NAMEDETAIL = Detailed name of the formation
NAMEORIGIN = Name of the creator of the name of the formation
LANGRENUS = Name given by Langrenus to the formation
HEVELIUS = Nom given by Hevelius to the formation
RICCIOLI = Nom given by Riccioli to the formation
WORK = Work of the character whose name has been given to the formation
COUNTRY = Nation of the character whose name has been given to the formation

NATIONALTY = Nationalty of the character whose name has been given to theformation
CENTURYN = Century (Number) of living of the character whose name has been
given to the formation
CENTURYC = Century (Letters) of living of the character whose name has been
given to the formation
BIRTHPLACE = Birth place of the character whose name has been given to theformation
BIRTHDATE = Birth year of the character whose name has been given to theformation
DEATHPLACE = Death place of the character whose name has been given to theformation
DEATHDATE = Death year of the character whose name has been given to theformation
FACTS = Important facts during the life of the character whose name has been given
to the formation
LONGIN = numerical value of the longitude of the formation
LONGIN_360 = numerical value of the longitude of the formation computed on 360°
LONGIC = Alphanumerical value of the longitude of the formation
LATIN = numerical value of the latitude of the formation
LATIC = Alphanumerical value of the latitude of the formation
QUADRANT = Lunar quadrant where is situated the formation
AREA = Large Moon area where is situated the formation
RUKL = Number of the map of Rükl's atlas where is situated the formation
RUKLC = Title of the map of Rükl's atlas where is situated the formation
VISCARDY = Number of the map of Viscardy's atlas where is situated the formation
HATFIELD = Number of the map of Hatfield's atlas where is situated the formation
WESTFALL = Number of the map of Westfall's atlas where is situated the formation
WOOD = Indication of Charles Wood articles about the formation
LOPAM = Number of the map of the atlas of Lunar Orbiter where is situated theformation
CLEMENTINE = Clementine Atlas of the Moon map number containing the formation
CENTURY_21ST = Number of the 21st Century Moon Atlas map containing theformation
REISE = Reise Mond Atlas map number containing the formation
CHANGE1 = Map number of the atlas of the Chang’é 1 probe containing theformation
DISCOVER_MOON = Number of the page of the Discover the Moon book containing
the formation
TIMES = Time Life atlas map number containing the formation
KAGUYA = Map number from the Kaguya probe atlas containing the formation
BYRNE_NEAR = Map number from the LOPAM atlas Visible face containing theformation
BYRNE FAR = Number of the LOPAM face down atlas map containing the formation
SIX INCH = Six inch Lunar Atlas map number containing the formation
DASE = Lunar Atlas DASE map number containing the formation
PAU = Map number of the KC PAU Lunar Atlas containing the formation
LUNA COGNITA = Page number of the 3 Luna Cognita volumes containing theformation
LAC = Number of the LAC card containing the formation
LENGTHKM = Length of the formation in kmLENGTHKM = Formation length in km

LENGTHMI = Formation length in miles
WIDEKM = Formation width in km
WIDEMI = Formation width in miles
HEIGHTM = Formation height in m
HEIGHTFE = Formation height in feet
RAPPORT = numerical ratio Length / Height of the formation
PROFIL = Visualization of theprofile of the formation
GENERAL = General description of the formation
SLOPES = = Description of the surroundings of the formation
WALLS = Description of the interior of the formation
FLOOR = Description of the bottom of the formation
INTERESTN = numerical value of the interest of the observation of the formation
INTERESTC = Description of the interest of the observation of the formation
LUNATION = Lunation day making easier observation of the formation
MOONDAYS = Lunation day making easier observation of the formation on theevening
MOONDAYM = Lunation day making easier observation of the formation on themorning
DIAMINST = Diameter in mm of the theoritical instrument necessary to observe theformation
THINSTRU = Name of the theoritical instrument necessary to observe the formation
PRINSTRU = Name of the practical instrument necessary to observe the formation
IAU_FEATURE_NAME = Formation name given by International Astronomical Union(IAU)
IAU_CLEAN_FEATURE_NAME = Formation name given by International
Astronomical Union without accents, umlout, tildes...
IAU_FEATURE_ID = Formation number given by International Astronomical Union
IAU_DIAMETER = Formation diameter
IAU_CENTER_LATITUDE = Formation center latitude
IAU_CENTER_LONGITUDE = Formation center longitude
IAU_NORTHERN_LATITUDE = Formation North latitude
IAU_SOUTHERN_LATITUDE = Formation South latitude
IAU_EASTERN_LONGITUDE = Formation East longitude
IAU_WESTERN_LONGITUDE = Formation West longitude
IAU_COORDINATE_SYSTEM = Official lunar coordinates system used
IAU_CONTINENT = Continent name from which comes formation name.
IAU_ETHNICITY = Native nationalty of official name
IAU_FEATURE_TYPE = Formation type in IAU nomenclature
IAU_FEATURE_TYPE_CODE = Code of formation type in IAU nomenclature
IAU_QUAD_NAME = Lunar disk quadrant where is the formation
IAU_QUAD_CODE= Code of lunar disk quadrant where is the formation
IAU_APPROVAL_STATUS = Name approval by IAU status
IAU_APPROVAL_DATE = Date de l'approbation du nom par l'UAI
IAU_REFERENCE = Reference book having given name of the formation
IAU_ORIGIN = Datas about name origin with an abstract of charcater's life
IAU_LINK = Link towards formation page on Web site of IAU
When a selection criteria is based on a numerical field (ex : RUKL, LENGTHKM,
INTRESTN, etc...), the value to find must be in the request without quotes (ex : RUKL
= 45). When a selection criteria is based on an alphanumerical field (ex : COUNTRY,FACTS, GENERAL, INTERESTN, etc...), the value to find must be in the request withquotes and jokers (ex : GENERAL LIKE = "%flat floort%").
Upper or lower case letters must be also respected (Ex : "%Flat%" is different of"%flat%").
For a detailed description of the databases fields contents, please go to the special
chapter at the end of this manual.

THE "COLUMNS" MENUThis menu opens a special window for selecting the columns to be displayed for theselection list. It's possible that some kinds of informations don't interest you and thatyou don't wish to scan all the "width" of the list to see those that you are looking for.

Fill the boxes of the columns that you want to display. The more you select, the more
important for the display delay. If your computer is not too powerful, select the usefulminimum.
The "All" button select all the columns in a single operation and the button "None" isfor the reversed operation.
Close the window once the selection operation is done with the button "Close"

THE "MARK SELECTION ON MAP" MENUThis menu is not really a menu, but a direct command that will show you the power of
the association between DATLUN and VMA. When you click on it, you will open the
Virtual Moon Atlas and see all the formations that you have selected in DATLUN on
the displayed map marked with big squares.
For example, if you have selected the Nearside volcanic domes here is what youobtain:

Other example :You can also, for example select for study (because you can't observe them, all thecraters chains (CATENA) of the Nearside and mark them on the map :After that, when clicking on one of the squares, this formation will be selected in VMA
and you will be able to access all its informations and pictures.
This two exemples have certainly showed you the possible studies because of theunique informations contained in the databases of VMA compiled by ChristianLegrand.

THE "HELP" MENU
As a classic in all the Windows (c) software, it's used in DATLUN to launch thepresent documentation with" Help" and display the credits with "About".

THE "SELECTION LIST" WINDOWThe list window owns some functions that improve the previous ones.

First, you can note the two left columns in grey. They are mandatory and cannot bedeleted. Horizontal and vertical lifters allows you to "travel" in the list..
If you click on the greyed title of one columns in the upper line, this liste will be sorted
in the numerical growing order (if the field is numerical) or alphanumerical (if the field
is alphanumeric). If you click a second time on the same title, the list will be sorted in
the decreasing order.

"COLUMN WIDTH" FUNCTION
You can also adjust the columns width when you put the cursor on grey titles bar, tothe border between two columns. A new cursor then appears.

Cick on the left mouse button, stay clicked and go on left or right to increase or
decrease the column width.

OTHER FUNCTIONS
If you can't display all the length of a field because it's too long (FACTS,
GENERAL...), put the cursor on it. A bubble will appear with all the field text in it.
In the list, you can select in grey, by clicking one time on it, one line so that you will
not loose it when you go on the right of the list.
If after that, you double_click on the selected line, VMA will shows you directly theselected formation.

THE STATE BAR

The state bar indicates you several things :It can be the number of the line of the selected line compared to total number of linesof the selection list
Or it can be the text of the SQL request that generates the list.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE IMPORT OPERATIONThis function allows you to import a personal formations list compiled in a CSV fileand import it as a VMA database. When selecting this function, a new window
appears :This program let you to import new objects to the Virtual Moon Atlas database from a
CSV file.
There is no provision to merge data field or to do any calculation. If you need that use
first a software like OpenOffice.org Calc or Excel to format your data and save them
to a CSV file.
From this page indicate first the character your file use to separate the different
columns ( ; or TAB ) and if a " surround the text. We suggest to record the file withthe "csv" format and "Unicode (UTF-8)".

If you have precedently recorded parameters for one file, you can use the "Loadsetting" button. If it's not the case, you must open the file with your personal datas.
Indicate the directory of the file to import in the frame.

If you have not saved any settings previously, you need to open the file containingyour personal data. Indicate the path of the CSV file to import into frame:

When the file is found, its records number is indicated. If the format is recognised a
new thumbnail appear at the top of the page :Click this tab to display the "Select data field" window".

The next step is to give a relation between your file columns and the different
database fields. Refer to "Databases fields" lower for explanations about eachdatabase field.
Click one of the value of your file to mark it in the left frame :and check the corresponding database field in the right frame :. When ready press the button.
It is also possible to give a constant value to a database field. Enter the value at thebottom of the page and press the "Constant Value" button.

DBN is an identifier for your file. It range from 10 to 99 and allow to identify your datain the database. It is use from the main program to display or not the label for yourobjects. You can also quickly select all your objects by using DBN=10 in the SQL
selection window, and delete the data using the File - Delete menu.
It is mandatory to give a value for the field: DBN, NAME, LONGIN and LATIN. When
all the required field are defined the next tab "Load to Database" appear at the top of
the page.

Click on it to display the backup frame :Press "Load Database" button to load your data to the database.

The "Save Setting" button allow you to save the setting for a later retrieval.

The software informs you of the operations during them.

Import operation is then finished..

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DATABASES INFORMATIONSDBN = DATABASE NAME :It's a short name for each name of databases uses by DATLUN.
- NSN = "Nearside named", for named formations of Nearside.
- FSN = "Farside named", for named formations of Farside.
- NSI = "Nearside indexed", for named with letters formations of the Nearside.
- FSI = "Farside indexed", for named with letters formations of Farside.
About the personal databases that you would have imported, DBN is a number
comprised between 10 to 99 permiting their identification. It's also used to choose thelabel display of your objects. It allows also to visualze your objects if entering DBN =10 to 99 in the SQL request, and to delete your datas with the "File - Delete" menu.

NAME = OFFICIAL NAME :This field presents the formation main name in Latin used officially by theInternational Astronomical Union in capital letters. In the "Historical sites" database,it's the name of the mission (eg : Apollo 15 Base, Ranger 7, Luna 9, Apollo 17 S IV
B...)
For anonymous craters, the "name" uses the L.U.N. © which is defined below. For
domes, pyroclastic deposits, sinuous rilles, IMP, NELIOTA and impacts basins, thename is taken from the original base.

LUNAR UNIVERSAL NUMBER / L.U.N. © :In order to be able to recognize formations that do not yet have an official name andto standardize the denominations used in the new databases, Christian Legrand has
developed the "Lunar Universal number" (LUN) making it possible to know the natureand position training just by reading it.
Here are the LUN description :The LUN is composed by the assembling of the following characters chain :XX : 2 letters corresponding tothe “Descriptor term” of IAU. These 2 letters are
officially used by IAU. Attention, they are less numerous than the original VMA
formations types, so several VMA types can have the same “descriptor term”.
Here is the official list of IAU Descriptor Terms (Some of them are not used on theMoon presently) :Albedo Feature (AL)
Arcus, arcūs (AR)Astrum, astra (AS)

Geographic area distinguished by amount of reflected lightArc-shaped feature
Radial-patterned features on Venus

Catena, catenae (CA)Cavus, cavi (CB)
Chaos, chaoses (CH)
Chasma, chasmata (CM)Collis, colles (CO)Corona, coronae (CR)
Crater, craters (AA)Dorsum, dorsa (DO)
Eruptive center (ER)
Facula, faculae (FA)Farrum, farra (FR)
Flexus, flexūs (FE)
Fluctus, fluctūs (FL)
Flumen, flumina (FM)Fossa, fossae (FO)Insula, insulae (IN)Labes, labēs (LA)Labyrinthus, labyrinthi (LB)
Lacuna, lacunae (LU)
Lacus, lacūs (LC)Landing site name (LF)
Large ringed feature (LG)
Lenticula, lenticulae (LE)Linea, lineae (LI)
Lingula, lingulae (LN)
Macula, maculae (MA)Mare, maria (ME)Mensa, mensae (MN)
Mons, montes (MO)
Oceanus, oceani (OC)
Palus, paludes (PA)Patera, paterae (PE)Planitia, planitiae (PL)Planum, plana (PM)Plume, plumes (PU)
Promontorium, promontoria (PR)Regio, regiones (RE)
Reticulum, reticula (RT)
Rima, rimae (RI)
Rupes, rupēs (RU)

Chain of craters
Hollows, irregular steep-sided depressions usually in arrays orclusters
Distinctive area of broken terrain
A deep, elongated, steep-sided depression
Small hills or knobs
Ovoid-shaped feature
A circular depression
Ridge
Active volcanic centers on Io
Bright spot
Pancake-like structure, or a row of such structures
A very low curvilinear ridge with a scalloped pattern
Flow terrain
Channel on Titan that might carry liquid
Long, narrow depression
Island (islands), an isolated land area (or group of such areas)surrounded by, or nearly surrounded by, a liquid area (sea orlake).
Landslide
Complex of intersecting valleys or ridges.
Irregularly shaped depression on Titan having the appearanceof a dry lake bed"Lake" or small plain; on Titan, a "lake" or small, dark plain
with discrete, sharp boundaries
Lunar features at or near Apollo landing sites
Cryptic ringed features
Small dark spots on Europa
A dark or bright elongate marking, may be curved or straight
Extension of plateau having rounded lobate or tongue-likeboundaries
Dark spot, may be irregular"Sea"; large circular plain; on Titan, large expanses of darkmaterials thought to be liquid hydrocarbons
A flat-topped prominence with cliff-like edges
Mountain
A very large dark area on the moon
"Swamp"; small plain
An irregular crater, or a complex one with scalloped edges
Low plain
Plateau or high plain
Cryo-volcanic features on Triton"Cape"; headland promontoria
A large area marked by reflectivity or color distinctions fromadjacent areas, or a broad geographic region
reticular (netlike) pattern on Venus
FissureScarp

Satellite Feature (SF)
Scopulus, scopuli (SC)
Serpens, serpentes (SE)Sinus, sinūs (SI)
Sulcus, sulci (SU)Terra, terrae (TA)Tessera, tesserae (TE)Tholus, tholi (TH)Unda, undae (UN)
Vallis, valles (VA)
Vastitas, vastitates (VS)
Virga, virgae (VI)

A feature that shares the name of an associated feature. For
example, on the Moon the craters referred to as "Lettered
Craters" are classified in the gazetteer as "Satellite Features."
Lobate or irregular scarp
Sinuous feature with segments of positive and negative relief
along its length"Bay"; small plain
Subparallel furrows and ridges
Extensive land mass
Tile-like, polygonal terrain
Small domical mountain or hill
Dunes
ValleyExtensive plain
A streak or stripe of colorYYYYYYYN or YYYYYYYS for the digital value of latitude in 1/10000 ° deg. N and
S indicate North or South and are used to deparate latitude and longitude to clarify
the characters chain. The last 4 digits on the right are those of the 1/10000 ° deg andare always present, even if they are zeros. The first 2 left digits are absent if thelatitude is 00 °.

ZZZZZZZZZ for the digital value of longitude in 1/10000 ° deg. The last 3 digits on
the right are those of the 1/10000 ° deg and are always present, even if they are
zeros. The first 4 left digits are absent if the longitude is 000 °.
Here are two examples of LUN (AAYYYYYNZZZZZZ) :- AA27410S1142200 : Crater located at 02,7410° South and 114,2200° East
- RI850000N0000 : Rill which middle is situated about at 85,00° North et 0,00° East.
Avec all thes features, the LUN is always the shorter possible and it's always easily"readable". and this structure garantees always a lone LUN for each formation.

>>>> With the L.U.N. , you can find each lunar formation and thisallows you to share observations of this formation with others
colleages without any error
LUNAR UNIVERSAL NUMBER / L.U.N. REDUIT © :It exists a reduced LUN which is the LUN without the « descriptor term ».

NAME TYPE :This field contains the category of the name type of the training among:- Named formation- Satellite formation

- Listed formation- Anonymous formation (Unnamed)

FORMATION TYPE :This field contains formation type according with tradition or International
Astronomical Union, plus some specific additions :- Cape- Cliff- Crater- Craterlet- Crater chain- Dome- Gulf- Lake- Marsh- Mountain- Mountains range- Plain- Probe- Rille- Rilles system- Sea- Tray- Valley- Walled plain- Wrinkle ridge- Wrinkle ridges system
The "Historical site" database contains specific types :- Human mission / soft landing- Inert equipment / voluntary impact- Inert equipment / unvoluntary impact- Probe / voluntary impact- Probe / unvoluntary impact- Probe / soft landing

IAU TYPE :This field contains the abbreviation of the type of formation in accordance with thedefinitions of the International Astronomical Union (Cf "Descriptor term" of the LUN)
or traditional plus some specific adaptations:- TH (Tholus) was chosen to characterize volcanic domes.
- Pyroclastic deposits do not have a directly applicable UAI formation type. They
have been assigned the PD (Pyroclastic deposit) type.
- "Historical" sites do not have a type of UAI training that can be applied directly.
They have been assigned the type HS (Historical Site).

SUB-TYPE :This field contains type categories specific to each type of formation (Example:
Craterlet / Crater / Walled plain for craters). This field has not yet been fully
documented in version 7.
FORMATION PROCESS :This field contains information on the geological process at the origin of the formation(Example: Meteorite impact / Extrusive volcanism / Tectonic extension...)FORMATION PERIOD :This field contains information on the lunar geological period which saw theappearance of the formation concerned. This information is for the most part from the"Improved lunar craters database" produced by Charles Byrne, Don E. Wilhelms(USGS) and their team which allow the re-use of this data (Thanks to them).
The 6 periods generally accepted in current literature are:
The Pre-Nectarian: (-4550 MA to -3920 MA)
The Nectarian: (-3920 MA to -3850 MA)
Lower Imbrian: (-3850 MA to -3800 MA)
Upper Imbrian: (-3800 MA to-3200 MA)
The Eratosthenian: (-3200 MA to-1100 MA)
The Copernician: (-1100 MA to the present day)
MA = Millions of years
For some formations, it was not possible to find information concerning theimplementation period.
"Formation period not found" is then indicated.
For the "Historical sites" database, the mission launch date is indicated in this field.
SOURCE OF THE FORMATION PERIOD :This field contains information on the source which cites the probable lunar
geological period which saw the appearance of the formation considered. This
information is for the most part from the "Improved lunar craters database" producedby Charles Byrne, Don E. Wilhelms (USGS) and their team which allow the reuse ofthis data.
GEOLOGY :This field contains interesting geological information on the formation concernedfound in various sources.
SIZE :
The following four fields contain data relating to the dimensions of the formations.
These vary from source to source. We can therefore find values different from thoseof other works. Priority was given to data from the International Astronomical Union,
then to data from other sources when they seemed plausible. Finally, certaindimensions were directly measured on maps or atlases when they could not be foundin the literature. In the "Historic sites" database, these fields are empty.

Dimensions :This field gives the length in kilometers of the formation and the width. In the case of
crater-like formations, the length is in most cases equal to the width since it is in fact
the average diameter of the formation.
This field has been revised with the values from the "Improved lunar craters
database" produced by Charles Byrne, Don E. Wilhelms (USGS) and their teamwhich allow the reuse of this data. Many thanks to them!

Height :You find here relative altitudes, not absolute ones referring to the mean lunar sphere.
It gives the formation height when it's known.
For craters, it's the difference between the upper part of the internal slopes and thefloor.
For other formations, it's the difference between the formation summit andsurrounding land.
For mountains and mountain ranges, it's a mean height and higher summits height isgenerally detailed in description fields.
For rilles and scarps, it's the difference between surrounding lands and the formation
lower floor.
The field has been revised with the values from the "Improved lunar craters
database" produced by Charles Byrne, Don E. Wilhelms (USGS) and their team.

Ratio :
This data is only indicated for formations whose height is known. It's very often given
for craters where it means the diameter / height ratio.

NAME ORIGIN :NAMEDETAIL = Real name :This field presents the real name of the person whose name has been given to theformation. When it also exists, a nickname is indicated between parentheses.
For other formations than craters, the official name is first translated in English, andthen you can find the real name of the person whose name has been given to theformation.

NAMEORIGIN = Name author :This field indicates, when it's known or supposed, the organization or person namethat has given the name to the formation. Also included in this chapter is the year of
nomination when it has been found. In this paragraph, IAU means" International
Astronomical Union ". You can find mainly 3 origins:- Hevelius- Riccioli- IAU
But also others selenographers as Schröter, Schmidt...
When the origin has not been found, the field contains (??). Additionally, someuncertain origins end with "?".
These name origins are purely indicative and are not to be held as rigorously exact
because of numerous additions made during all periods to the lunar nomenclature.
In the "Historical sites" base, it's the country and the agency which conceived themission that are indicated.

LANGRENUS = Name given by Langrenus:
This field indicates the name given by Michel Florent Van Langren on his Moon map
in 1644. When the formation has not received a name, "Not named" is indicated.

HEVELIUS = Name given by Hevelius :This field indicates the name given by Johannes Hevelius on his Moon map in 1647.
When the formation has not received a name, "Not named" is indicated.

RICCIOLI = Name given by Riccioli :This field indicates the name given by Riccioli on the Moon map drawn in 1651 by
Francesco Grimaldi. When the formation has not received a name, "Not named" isindicated.

WORK = Works :This field indicates, for craters, the activities of the person whose name has been
given to the formation.
Here is the list of the"works" you can find in the database:- Agronomist- Alchemist- Admiral- Anthropologist

- Archaeologist- Archbishop- Architect- Artist- Astronaut- Astronomer- Astrophysicist- Aviator- Banker- Biologist- Botanist- Calif- Cartographer- Chemist- Clockwork- Consul- Cosmographer- Egyptologist- Engineer- Engraver- Explorer- Geodesist- Geographer- Geologist- Geometer- Geophysicist- God- Hero- Historian- Humanistic- Hydrographer- Inventor- Jurist- King- Manufacturer- Mathematician- Meteorologist- Mineralogist- Missionary- Mythological fame- Naturalist- Navigator- Oceanographer- Optician- Paleontologist- Pharmacist- Philologist- Philosopher- Physicist- Physiologist- Poet- Political man- Priest- Printer- Professor- Scientist- Sailor- Saint- Sismologist- Sponsor- Stateman- Technician- Theologian- Writer- Zoologist
Please note that some people have been credited with 2 or 3 works.

COUNTRY = Country:
This field contains the country where has lived the character whose name has been
given to the formation. You can find disapeared countries. See also the list ofnationalties here below.Ce champ indique le pays d'origine du personnage ayant
servi à nommer la formation. On peut trouver des nations disparues aujourd'hui. Cf laliste des nationalités ci-dessous.

NATIONALTY = Nationalty :This field indicates the nationality generally attributed to the person whose name has
been given to the formation. It can be the birth nationality. You can also findnationalities no longer in existence.
Here is the list of nationalities present in the database:- American- Arabian- Australian- Austrian- Babylonian- Belgian- British- Byzantine- Brazilian- Canadian- Carthaginian- Castillan- Chinese- Cretian- Dalmatian- Danish- Dutch- Egyptian

- English- Finnish- French- Greek- German- Hungarian- Indian- Irish- Italian- Japanese- Jewish- Macedonian- Mexican- Norwegian- Persian- Polish- Portuguese- Roman- Russian- Scottish- Soviet- South African- Spanish- Swedish- Swiss- Czech- Venetian

CENTURYN = Number of life century :This field indicates the number of the century during which the character whosename has been given to the formation most spent most of his life. For example : 19
for "19 th century".

CENTURYC = Life century :This field indicates clearly the century during which the character whose name has
been given to the formation most spent most of his life. For example : "19 th century".

BIRTHPLACE = Birth place :This field indicates the birth place of the person whose name has been given to theformation when it has been possible to find it. If not found, it is indicated " ? ". Please
note that for imaginary persons, there is no birth place.

BIRTHDATE = Birth year :This field indicates the birth year of the person whose name has been given to theformation if it has been possible to find it. If not found, it is indicated " ? ". Please notethat for imaginary persons, there is no birth year.

DEATHPLACE = Death place :This field indicates the place of death for the person whose name has been given to
the formation when it has been possible to find it. If not found, it is indicated " ? ".
Please note that for imaginary persons, there is no place of death.

DEATHDATE = Death year :This field indicates the year of death for the person whose name has been given to
the formation if it has been possible to find it. If not found, it is indicated " ? ". Please
note that for imaginary persons, there is no year of death.

FACTS = Prominent facts :This field describes prominent facts during the life of the person whose name has
been given to the formation if it has been possible to find it. If not found, it has been
indicated " ?? " . This information is adapted from information given by theInternational Astronomical Union, and additional data coming from various
bibliographical sources.
Generally, you can find the discoveries, inventions and important works attributed tothe person, as well as distinctions obtained during life (nominations, price. ..) withassociated dates when they have been found.

POSITION :LONGIN = Numerical longitude :This field gives the numerical value of the selenographic longitude of the formation
with a tenth of degree precision. This data is provided by International Astronomical
Union. Longitude is negative to the West of central meridian. About craters, it's thecenter longitude. For lengthened or irregular formations, it's an internal point theclosest to central.

LONGIC = Alphanumerical longitude :You can find here the alphanumerical selenographic longitude of the formation with atenth of degree precision. This data is provided by International Astronomical Union.
Longitude is negative to the West of central meridian. About craters, it's the center
longitude. For lengthened or irregular formations, it's an internal point the closest
to central.

LATIN = Numerical latitude :You can find here the numerical selenographic latitude of the formation with a tenthof degree precision. This data is provided by International Astronomical Union.
Latitude is negative to the South of lunar Equator. About craters, it's the center
longitude. For lengthened or irregular formations, it's an internal point the closest tocentral.

LATIC = Alphanumerical latitude :You can find here the alphanumerical selenographic latitude of the formation with atenth of degree precision. This data is provided by International Astronomical Union.
Latitude is negative to the South of lunar Equator. About craters, it's the center
longitude. For lengthened or irregular formations, it's an internal point the closest to
central.

QUADRANT = Quadrant :Information has been included to make easier the location of the formation on the
lunar disk. The location system is that of the International Astronomical Union since1988. When you look at the lunar disk with the naked eye, the North is up and theEast is right.
This first field indicates the lunar quadrant where is situated the formation according
to the "Lunar Quadrant Charts" by Arthur and Agnieray by the University of Arizona :- North-East- South-East- North-West- South-East

AREA = Area :This field indicates clearly the lunar region where can be found the formationaccording to a more known one (sea, mountain or large crater) or according to theposition on the edge of the lunar disk (limb) or according to the center of the lunar
disk.

ATLAS :
This field contains pages, maps or picture of the main paper atlases presently
available on which the selected formation is indicated.

RUKL = Number of the page of "Atlas of the Moon" by Antonin Rükl :In honor to its author for his contribution to Astronomy popularization, we havementioned the map number of the "Atlas of the Moon" by Antonin Rükl on which isfound the formation.
We have also mentioned the map number of the "Atlas of the Moon" by Antonin Rükl
on which is found the formation.

VISCARDY = Page of the "Atlas photographique lunaire à hauterésolution" by Georges Viscardy :Also in honor to its author for his contribution to Astronomy popularization, we havealso mentioned the page number of the "High resolution photographic Atlas of theMoon" by Georges Viscardy on which the formation is found with a text on it, or onwhich a photograph shows the place where is situated the formation.
For this last work, when the formation does not figure on at least one photograph,
there is no page indicated. Similarly, if the formation appears on, at least, aphotograph, but is not described in the text, it is the page of the best photographwhere it is normally visible that is indicated.

WESTFALL = Page of the "Atlas of the lunar terminator" by Westfall :In honor to its author for his unique work, we have mentioned the maps numbers ofthe "Atlas of the Lunar Terminator" from Professor John E. Westfall on which theformation is found, because it's the only one that shows all librations variations.

WOOD = Articles and books by Charles Wood :We mentioned Charles Wood's articles on numerous formations edited in Sky andTelescope and the number of his "Lunar 100 list", with his courtesy.

LOPAM = Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Moon :Adding to downloadable picture of the LOPAM, we have indicated numbers of "Lunar
Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Moon" pages on which you can find the selectedformation. Just click on this link and go to the Internet site of Jeff Gillis of Lunar andPlanetary Institute and you will admire the entire picture from which was extracted
the picture.
Nevertheless, if you are not permanently connected to the Internet, anotherpossibility is offered.
You can modify the "lopamidx.txt" file which is in the "Database" sub-directory of the"Virtualmoon" install directory with a text editor as "Windows notepad". After, you canaccess directly to the LOPAM pages copied on your hard drive or on a recorded CD.
In this file, you have just to indicate after "Local URL=" the path of your support
where are stored your LOPAM pages, and the pictures type after "SUFFIX=". For
example :Local:URL=c:\Program files\Virtualmoon\LOPAM pages\SUFFIX=.jpg
can access to LOPAM pages stored in the sub-directory "LOPAM pages" of theinstall directory "Virtual moon" as ".jpg" files.
New example :Local: URL=d:\ SUFFIX=.bmp
can access to LOPAM pages stored in the root of a CD placed in a CD reader called"d:" as ".bmp" files.

CLEMENTINE :We have mentioned the pages of the atlas established from the images of theAmerican probe CLEMENTINE and written by the late Paul Spudis & Ben Bussey
and published in 2004 by Cambridge University Press, pages on which the selected
formation appears.

CENTURY_21ST:
We have mentioned the pages of the atlas "21ST CENTURY ATLAS OF THE
MOON" established by Charles Wood & Maurice Collins from images of the LRO
probe and published by the two authors in 2005, pages on which the selected
formation appears.

HATFIELD = Page of "Photographic Atlas of the Moon" by Hatfield :In honor to its author for his contribution to Astronomy popularization, we havementioned the map number of the "Hatfield Atlas of the Moon" republished byJeremy Cook on which the formation is found.

REISE:We have mentioned the pages of the "REISE ATLAS MOND" atlas written by Ronald
Stoyan & Hans-Georg Purucker and published in 2012 by Oculum, pages on whichthe selected formation appears

CHANGE1:
We have mentioned the pages of the atlas established from the images of theChinese probe CHANG'E 1 and written by Chunlai Li & al. and published in 2016 bySpringer Verlag, pages on which the selected formation appears

DISCOVER_MOON:
We have mentioned the pages of the observation guide "DECOUVRIR LA LUNE"
written by Christian Legrand and Jean Lacroux, and published in 1995 by Bordas
then Larousse, pages on which the selected formation appears.

TIMES_ATLAS:
We mentioned the pages of the atlas "THE TIMES ATLAS OF THE MOON"
published in by Times Life in 1969, pages on which appears the selected formation.

KAGUYA_EN:
We have mentioned the pages of the atlas "THE KAGUYA LUNAR ATLAS"
established from the pictures of the Japanese probe SELENE / KAGUYA and written
by Charles Wood & Motomaro Shirao., and published in 2011 by Springer Verlag,
pages on which appears the selected training

BYRNE_NEAR:
We have mentioned the pages of the atlas "LUNAR ORBITER PHOTOGRAPHICATLAS OF THE NEAR SIDE OF THE MOON" established from the images of theAmerican LUNAR ORBITER probes written by Charles Byrne, and published in 2005by Springer Verlag, pages on which appears the selected training

BYRNE_FAR:
We have mentioned the pages of the atlas "LUNAR ORBITER PHOTOGRAPHICATLAS OF THE FAR SIDE OF THE MOON" established from the pictures of theAmerican LUNAR ORBITER probes written by Charles Byrne, and published in 2008by Springer Verlag, pages on which appears the selected training.

SIX_INCH:
We have mentioned the pages of the "SIX INCHES LUNAR ATLAS" written by Don
Spain in 2009 and published by Springer on which the selected formation appears.

DASE:
We have mentioned the pages of the "FREE LUNAR FIELD ATLAS" written andpublished by Fred Dase on which the selected formation appears.

PAU :We have mentioned the pages of the Atlas "PHOTOGRAPHIC LUNAR ATLAS FOR
MOON OBSERVERS" written by K. C. Pau and published in 2016 on which theselected formation appears.

LUNA_COGNITA:
We have mentioned the pages of the three volumes of the remarkable work "LUNACOGNITA" by Robert Garfinkle and published in 2020 by Springer on which theselected formation appears.

LAC :We have mentioned the numbers of the "Lunar Astronautical Charts" published in1967 by NASA's "Aeronautical Chart and Information Center" on which the selected
formation appears.

SIZE :
The four following fields contain data about formation dimensions. These vary fromdifferent bibliographic sources.
First indicated is data provided by International Astronomical Union, then thosecoming from other sources when they seem more accurate.
Some of them have been also directly measured on atlases or photographs when
they were not found in literature.
In the "Historical sites" database, these fields are empty.

LENGTHKM = Length in km :This first field indicates the formation length in km. For craters, length is very often
equal to width because it's the mean diameter.

WIDEKM = Width in km :This first field indicates the formation width in km. For craters, length is very often
equal to width because it's the mean diameter.

HEIGHTM = Height in meters :You find here relative altitudes, not absolute ones referring to the mean lunar sphere.
It gives the formation height in meters when it's known.
For craters, it's the difference between the upper part of the internal slopes and thefloor.
For other formations, it's the difference between the formation summit andsurrounding land.
For mountains and mountain ranges, it's a mean height and higher summits height isgenerally detailed in description fields.
For rilles and scarps, it's the difference between surrounding lands and the formation
lower floor.

RATIO = Ratio :This data is only indicated for formations whose height is known. It's very often given
for craters where it means the diameter / height ratio.

PROFIL = Formation profile visualization :In this frame, outline of the formation selected within your search and whose
description is in the "Database window" is displayed. Here is a semi-graphic fieldpresenting the formation profile. This information is only provided when height isknown. Profile has not be constructed for some formations types :- Sea- Lake- Gulf- Marsh- Ocean- Probe- Human mission
The profile is generated according to the following description :Crater outline :Crater is presented so :A________________A< n characters>"A" characters show the slope height. The number of "_" characters shows the crater
width with the same scale as height.
Because the "A" character is twice high than wide on an html screen, in the above
example, the width / height crater ratio is 1/8.
The central mountain of crater has not been represented because their height hasoften not been found.
Don't forget that each formation has its own profile. You can't compare two craters
dimensions using their profile representation.
A__________A Profile of (Length =20 km & height = 4000 m)
A__________A Profile of (Length = 5 km & height = 1000 m)
On screen, these two profiles are identical, but as you can see, dimensions aredifferent.
Relief outline :For mountains, mountains ranges, wrinkle ridges or domes, an other viewing modeis selected :___A___"A" character shows the formation maximum height. The number of "_"characters shows the formation width with the same scale as height.
Rille outline :For rilles, rilles system and valleys, profile is shown like this :___ ___
V"V" character shows the formation maximum depth. The number of "_"characters shows the formation width with the same scale as depth

DESCRIPTION :This field is divided in four sections for the formation detailed description. But thisdivision is not really visible when consulting theformation form on screen or printing it.
Cardinal points are reference to indicate where the different details are
situated according to formation center. For a crater, reference point is the area
center.
If observed with naked eye, on the Moon, North is up, South is down, West is left andEast is right.
North
North-West___________________North-EastFormation
centerSouth-West_____________________South-EastSouthFor example, a craterlet located on a crater wall down left will be described as "Walls
ridden by a craterlet at South-West".
Craters are the most numerous formations. Their description is well divided in fourparts.

GENERAL = General description
First, information about shape, location and preservation of the formation.
In the "Historical sites" database, specific description are present :- Lauch date and hour
- Names of astronauts if it's a human mission- Spaceship or probe description- Main dates and hours of the mission- Main scientific results

SLOPES = External slopes description
Then, the external "slopes" are described. Generally, the comments are about their
inclination. If radial valleys are present, slopes are described as "tormented". Thispart also indicates craters and craterlets situated on external slopes.

WALLS = Internal walls description
The "walls" which are described are the internal ones. They link the upper rim of theslopes to the crater floor. The walls are described as "little high when the altitudedifference is less than 2,000 m, "pretty high" between 2,000 and 3,000 m, "high"between 3,000 and 4,000 m and "very high" if more than 4,000 m. The indicatedinformation is that which seem the most believable according to important variations
in different bibliographical sources. This part also indicates craters and craterlets
situated on internal slopes.

FLOOR = Crater floor description
The crater "floor" is described as "flat" if no hills can be found to "tormented" if
it's very irregular. The non circular shape is mentioned. If lava seems to have flooded

the crater floor, it has been indicated. This part also indicates craters and craterlets
situated on the floor.

OBSERVATIONINTERESTN = Interest cotation :This field gives a numerical indication on the interest of the formation. It will help you
to determine which formations to observe. It gives you information on the formationinterest. It has been defined by the authors according to their own experience. Sure,you can disagree with them.
Formations are indicated as :- Low interest formation (1)- Pretty interesting formation (2)- Very interesting formation (3)- Exceptionally interesting formation (4)INTERESTC = Text of interest cotation :This field gives a numerical indication on the interest of the formation. It will help you
to determine which formations to observe. It gives you information on the formationinterest. It has been defined by the authors according to their own experience. Sure,you can disagree with them.
Formations are indicated as :- Non observable- Low interest formation- Pretty interesting formation- Very interesting formation- Exceptionally interesting formation

LUNATION = Lunar month day :This gives an indication on the day of the first half (From New Moon to Full Moon)
during which, a favorable observation of the selected formation on the terminator ispossible. It's built on the formation longitude.
"3" is for "3 days after New Moon""7" is for "7 days after New Moon", it's First Quater"14" is for "14" days after New Moon", it's Full Moon

MOONDAYS = Lunar month day for evening observation :This expression means "Day of lunar month permitting an evening observation of theformation". It has been observed that Eastern limb formations can only be wellobserved 2 days after New Moon.
The indicated day is the one for a null libration. It has been computed from formation
longitude. According of the real libration value, it can be shifted by one day more or
less.

MOONDAYM = Lunar month day for morning observation :This expression means "Day of lunar month permitting an morning observation of theformation". It has been observed that Western limb formations can only be wellobserved 2 days before New Moon.
The indicated day is the one for a null libration. It has been computed from formation
longitude. According of the real libration value, it can be shifted by one day more or
less.

DIAMINST = Diamètre de l'instrument théorique :This field gives a numerical value of the diameter of the theoritical instrument needed
to observe the whole selected formation.It's built on the formation diameter and thetheoritical resolution of the instruments based on the Dawes formula.

THINSTRU = Minimal instrument :This field presents the smallest instrument needed to theoritically observe theformation. It has been computed from the formation width and from theoriticalresolution power (TRP) of the instruments. It is supposed to be obtained when usinga magnification equal to instrument diameter in centimeters.
This data is provided for a Moon mean distance of 202,000 miles. An arc second isthen about 1 mile on the Moon.
- Naked eye (PRP = 50 miles)- x10 binoculars (PRP = 10 miles)- 2" refractor (PRP = 2.5 miles)- 4" reflector (PRP = 1.5 miles)- 6" reflector (PRP = 1.1 miles)- 8" reflector (PRP = 0.9 mile)- 10" reflector (PRP = 0.6 mile)

INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION DATASIAU Feature Name :Official name given by IAU to the formation with all the additives on letters (Accents,
tilde, etc...) as they have been given to the honored character.

IAU Clean Feature Name
It's official IAU name above without all the additives on letters (Accents, tilde, etc...)so that they can be managed internationally by computers.

IAU Diameter
Approximate diameter or biggest dimension in kilometers.

IAU Center Latitude
Latitude of the center of the formation. Positive numbers indicates that the formation
is localized in northern hemisphere and negative numbers indicate that the formation
is localized in the southern hemisphere.

IAU Center Longitude
Longitude of the center of the formation. On the Moon, positive numbers indicateslongitudes towards East and negative numbers indicate longitudes towards West.

IAU Northern Latitude
Latitude the most on North of the formation. Positive numbers indicates that theformation is localized in northern hemisphere and negative numbers indicate that theformation is localized in the southern hemisphere.

IAU Southern Latitude
Latitude the most on South of the formation. Positive numbers indicates that theformation is localized in northern hemisphere and negative numbers indicate that theformation is localized in the southern hemisphere.

IAU Eastern Longitude
Longitude the most on the East of the formation. On the Moon, positive numbers
indicates longitudes towards East and negative numbers indicate longitudes towards

West.

IAU Western Longitude
Longitude the most on the West of the formation. On the Moon, positive numbers
indicates longitudes towards East and negative numbers indicate longitudes towards
West.

IAU Coordinates System
Coordinates system used for latitudes and longitudes. For the Moon, it'splanetographic with east longitudes as positive and counted from 0 to -180° and from0 to 180° from the meridian 0. It's ULCN 2005(Unified lunar coordinates network de2005). Mean lunar sphere is considered withe a radius of 1737,4 km

IAU ContinentContinent or great geographic divisin associated to the name.
Africa (AF)
Antarctica (AN)Asia (AS)Europe (EU)North America (NA)
Oceania (OC)South and Central America (SA)IAU Ethnicity
Ethnic or cultural or nationalty associated to the name.

AFRICA
Algeria
AngolaBantu
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso (Upper
Volta)
BurundiBushmanBushongo
Cameroon
Canary Is.
Dahomean

AL
AN
BA
BE
BT
BF
BR
BU
BH
CR
CI
DH

EgyptEthiopia
Gabon
GambiaGhana
Gold Coast
GuineaHottentot
Ivory Coast
Kenya
LesothoLiberia
Libya
Madagascar
MalawiMali
Mande
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mbundu
Mende
MoroccoMozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Pygmy
Republic of Chad
Republic of Seychelles
RwandaSemitic
SenegalSierra Leone
SomaliaSouth Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
UgandaUnknown
Yao
Zaire
ZambiaZimbabwe
Zulu

EG
ET
GB
GA
GH
GC
GU
HO
IC
KY
LE
LI
LB
MD
MW
ML
MN
MU
MA
MB
ME
MR
MZ
NM
NG
NI
PY
CH
SY
RW
SE
SN
SL
SO
SA
SU
SW
TA
TO
TN
UG
-YA
ZA
ZM
ZI
ZU

ASIA
Afghanistan
AF
Akkadian
AK(Accadian)
Altai
AL
ArabianAR
ArmenianAM
Assyrian
AY
Assyro-Babylonian AB
Azerbaijan
AZ
BabylonBY
BangladeshBA
Bhutan
BH
BuriatBR
Burma
BU
Cambodia
CM
China
CH
ChukchiCU
ElamiteEL
EvenkiEV
Georgia
GE
Hebrew
HE
Hindu
HI
India
IN
Indonesia
ID
Iran
IR
Iraq
IQ
IsraelIS
Itelmen
IT
Japan
JA
JewishJW
JordanJO
Kashmir
KA
Kazakhstan
KZ
Ket
KT
Korea
KR
KuwaitKU
Kyrgyzstan
KY
Laos
LA
LebanonLE
Malaysia
MA
Mansi
MS
MesopotamianME
Minyong
MY
Mongolia
MO
MonguorMG

Nanai
Neghidhian
Nepal
NganasanOman
OstyakPakistan
PersianPhilippines
Phoenician
Sanskrit
Saudi Arabia
Scythian
Semitic
Siberia
Sri Lanka
Sumerian
Syria
TaiwanTajik
Thailand
Tibet
Tungu
TurkeyTurkmenistan
Tuva
Ulci
Unknown
UrartuUzbekistan
Vietnam
Yakutian
Yemen

NA
NG
NE
NS
OM
OS
PK
PE
PH
PO
SA
SB
SC
SE
SI
SR
SU
SY
TW
TJ
TH
TB
TN
TU
TK
TV
UL
-UR
UZ
VT
YK
YE

EUROPA
Albania
AndorraAustria
Bashkir
BelarusBelgium
BosniaHerzegovina
Bulgaria
Byzantine
Caucasus
Celtic

AL
AN
AS
BS
BL
BE
BH
BU
BZ
CC
CE

Chuvash
Croatia
CyprusCzechoslovakia
Denmark
EnglandEskimo(Greenland)
Estonia
Finland
FlemishFranceGermany
Great Britain
Greek
Greenland
Gypsy
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
KalmykKarelia
Komi
Lapp
Latin
LatviaLiechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonian
Malta
Mari
Moldova
Mordvinian
Netherlands(Dutch)Norse
NorwayOscan
Ostrogoth
PolandPortugal
Roman
Romania(Rumania)
Russia

CH
CR
CY
CZ
DE
EN
EK
ES
FI
FL
FR
GE
GB
GR
GL
GY
HU
IC
IR
IT
KL
KA
KO
LP
LA
LV
LE
LI
LU
MA
ML
MR
MD
MO
DU
NS
NO
OS
OG
PO
PG
RM
RO
RU

Scandinavian
ScotlandScythia
SlavicSlovakia
Slovenia
SovietSpain
SwedenSwitzerland
TartarTeutonic
Udmurtian
UkraineUnknown
Wales
Yugoslavia
NORTH AMERICA
Aleutian
AU
Algonquin AL
American AM
ArikaraAR
BlackfootBL
CanadaCA
Cherokee CE
Cheyenne CY
Chickasaw CH
ChinookCI
Choktaw
CO
Chumash CU
Creek
CR
DakotaDA
Dominica
DOEskimoES
Hopi
HO
Iroquois
IR
KlamathKL
LakotaLA
MandanMA
MexicoME
NavajoNV
OsageOS
PawneePW
PequotPE
Potawatomi PO
Pueblo
PU

SD
SC
SY
SL
SV
SI
SO
SP
SW
SZ
TT
TU
UD
UK
-WA
YU

SalishSenecaShoshoni
Sioux
TlingitUnitedStatesUnknown
Zuni

SA
SE
SH
SX
TL
US
-ZU

OCEANIA
Australia
AU
Caroline Is.
CI
Cook Islands
CO
Fiji
FJ
Guam
GM
Hawaii
HA
Marquesas
MA
Islands
Marshall Is.
MI
Melanesia
ME
Micronesia
MC
Nauru
NA
New Britain
NB
New Guinea
GU
New Zealand
NZ
Papua New
PN
GuineaPolynesia
PO
Republic of Palau PA
Samoa
SA
Society Is.
SI
Toamotu
TU
Tonga
TO
Unknown-Vanuatu
VA
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA
Argentina
AR
Auracanian
AC
Aztec
AZ
BarbadosBB
BoliviaBO
BororoRR
BrazilBR
Chile
CH
Chimalateco
CIColombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic
EcuadorEl Salvador
Falkland Islands
French Guiana
GrenadaGuatemala
GuyanaHaiti
Honduras
Inca
Jamaica
Mayan
Nahuatl
Netherland (Dutch)
AntillesNicaragua
PanamaParaguay
Peru
Puerto Rico
Suriname
Unknown
Uruguay
Venezuela
Virgin Islands

CO
CR
CU
DR
EC
ES
FI
FG
GR
GU
GY
HA
HO
IN
JM
MY
NA
DA
NI
PM
PA
PE
PR
SU
-UR
VE
VI

IAU Feature TypeIAU descriptor term ein greek or latin (cf Lunar Universal Number above)

IAU Feature Type Code
Code in two letters of the IAU descriptor term (cf Lunar Universal Number above)

IAU Quad Name
Specific quadrant where is localized the formation center.

IAU Quad Code

Two letters code of the specific quadrant where the formation center is localized.

IAU Approval Status
Approval level of the formation in 2023.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Proposed (not currently used)
Task Group approval (not currently used)
WGPSN approval (not currently used)
Executive Committee approval (not currently
used)
Adopted by IAU
Dropped, no longer in use
Never approved by the IAU

IAU Approval date
Date when the name has been approved by IAU. Complete dates begin at half
september 2006 and are recorded as (YYYY-MM-DD).

IAU Reference
Reference book from where the origin and the orthograph of the name are given.

IAU Origin
Short explanation of the formation name.

IAU Link
Internet link towards the official IAU site formation page.

END OF "DATLUN" USER'S MANUAL
Copyright Christian LEGRAND & Patrick CHEVALLEY / 2023
The authors thank users to indicate them all mistake they found in this manual with amessage on the Web site forum