Kobe University UNESCO Chair
Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster

Educa�onal Program 2021

Thinking about vaccine inequality and inequity

Program Dura�on: 11.13-12.4
Venue: On-linePar�cipa�ng Ins�tu�ons:
Kobe University
Gadjah Mada UniversityNa�onal Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology
Universi� Tunku Abdul Rahman
Mae Fah Luang University

Contents

1. General Comments
Associate Professor Ai Shoraku, Coordinator for Global Studies Program,
Faculty of Global Human Sciences,Kobe University·········

2. Program Schedule···························································································

1
3

3. Short Lecture

Professor Ronni Alexander,
Director, Gender Equality Oﬃce, Kobe University·········

4

4. A Short Video about COVID-19··························································································

10

5. Student Presentations···························································································

11

6. Assignment··························································································· 30

7. Group Presentations···························································································· 32

8. Questionnaires··························································································· 59

General Comments
2021 Kobe University UNESCO Chair"Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support"

From Saturday 13 November to Saturday 4 December 2021, the Gender Equality
Oﬃce organized an educational program (international conference) for the Kobe University
UNESCO Chair on "Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support." The 2021
conference was held entirely online, as in the previous year. The conference was hosted by
Kobe University and attended by 48 students and 19 faculty members from Gadjah Mada
University (Indonesia), National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (Taiwan),
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (Malaysia) and Mae Fah Luang University (Thailand). From
Kobe University (Faculty of Global Human Sciences, Faculty of Oceanology (Faculty of Maritime Sciences), Graduate School of Health Sciences and Graduate School of International
Cooperation Studies), 11 undergraduate and graduate students and 5 faculty members
participated.
The sub-title of the 2021 conference is "What do you think about this inequality?
COVID-19 vaccine + gender + vulnerability = ???" After opening remarks by Professor Ronni
Alexander, Director of the Gender Equality Oﬃce, the ﬁrst day (13 November) was devoted
to presentations by each of the universities. The presentations included information on
vaccine coverage in the countries and regions where the universities are located and a
discussion on the link between gender and vaccination. The students were then divided
into six groups and given "homework" to complete a 15-minute presentation on “who isvulnerable, why, and what should be done about it?” On the ﬁrst day, the students werereserved with each other, but they gradually got to know each other and had lively discussions during the two weeks of activities in their groups.
The presentations on 4 December highlighted the vulnerable positions of the elderly,
pregnant women and others who have diﬃculty accessing information about the vaccine orare hesitant to be vaccinated. In addition, the students discussed that there is discrimination
against healthcare workers and others who work in the ﬁeld of life in relation to the virus. It
was also pointed out that foreigners (immigrants, refugees, etc.), minorities, people withdisabilities and the poor are also vulnerable because of the challenges they usually face.
Discrimination, prejudice and harassment due to fear of the virus have divided
people. However, through the discussions at the conference, the students realized thatmany people share the same fears, even though they are ﬁghting the virus in diﬀerent
places, that the disaster has made some people even more vulnerable, and that behind thisfear and vulnerability are common national and local challenges and solutions. They also
realized that there are common national and regional challenges and solutions behind theinsecurity and vulnerability.

Ai Shoraku, Associate professor/Coordinator for Global Studies Program, Faculty of
Global Human Sciences1「神戸大学ユネスコチェア」2021年度教育プログラムを開催しました

2021年11月13日（土）〜12月4日（土）に、男女共同参画推進室が実施している神戸大学ユネスコ
チェア「ジェンダーや脆弱性に配慮した減害対策」の教育プログラム（国際会議）を開催しました。
2021年度の会議は昨年度同様、すべてオンラインでの開催となりました。神戸大学が主催大学となり、
ガジャマダ大学（インドネシア）と国立高雄科技大学（台湾）、
トゥンク・アブドゥル・ラーマン大学（
マレーシア）、
メーファールアン大学（タイ）の48名の学生と19名の教員が参加しました。神戸大学（
国際人間科学部、海洋政策科学部（海事科学部）、保健学研究科、国際協力研究科）からは、11名の学部生と大学院生、5名の教員が参加しました。
2021年度の会議の副題は「こんな不平等はどう思う？コロナ・ワクチン＋ジェンダー＋脆弱性＝？
？？」でした。男女共同参画推進室長のロニー・アレキサンダー教授による開会挨拶の後、初日（11月13日）は、所属大学ごとのプレゼンテーションが行われました。大学が位置する国や地域のワクチンの普及状況を紹介したり、
ジェンダーとワクチン接種との関連性について議論したりしました。その後、所属大学混成の6つのグループに分かれて、「誰が脆弱か、なぜ脆弱か、
ではどうするべきか」についての15分間のプレゼンテーションを完成させるという「宿題」が与えられました。12月4日までの約2週間、Web会議システムやLINE等を活用して、グループごとに「宿題」に取り組みました。初日はお互いに遠慮気味であった学生たちは徐々に打ち解けて、約2週間のグループごとの活動中も活発に議論を交わしていました。
12月4日のプレゼンテーションでは、高齢者や妊婦等、ワクチンにかんする情報へアクセスすることが難しかったり、
ワクチン接種がためらわれたりする人びとが弱い立場に立たされていること、また、ヘルスケアワーカーをはじめとする、コロナにかんする命の現場で働く人びとが差別されていること等が課題として挙げられました。外国人（移民、難民等）やマイノリティ、障がい者、貧困層の人
びとも、彼らが普段抱える課題ゆえに弱い立場に立たされているとの指摘もありました。
ウィルスへの不安による差別や偏見、嫌がらせが人びとを分断してしまいました。
しかし、この会議でのディスカッションをとおして、学生たちは、
コロナと戦っている場所は違っても多くの人が同じ不安を抱えていること、
コロナという災害によっていっそう脆弱な状況に追いやられている人がいること、そして、不安や脆弱性の背景には国や地域共通の課題や解決策があることに気づいた様子
でした。

正楽

藍（国際人間科学部

講師（グローバル・スタディーズ・プログラム（GSP）担当）
2

Program Schedule
KobeUniversityUNESCOChair:GenderandVulnerabilityinDisasterRiskReductionSupport
EducationalProgram2021Thinkingaboutvaccineinequalityandinequity2021.11.13Ͳ12.4
Day1(JST)DescriptionActivity

10:30Ͳ11:00JST

Openingremarks&shortlecture:RonniAlexander

Moderator:Prof.
Video:VaccineDistribution
NODAKazueKU)
Challenges
11:05Ͳ12:35JST
Moderator:
UTAR

Studentpresentations:6groups

12:35Ͳ13:00
ModeratorMFU Discussion,questionsandstudent
comments
13:00Ͳ13:15
13.15Ͳ13.30
Moderator:Dr.
JhiahͲSianSUN(NKUST)

LengthTime
20min.

Welcome,schedule,introductiontoourtheme,presentationorder

3.27min.

YaleSchoolofMedicine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7UzWijl2Xns

15min/group10min.presentation&5min.comments(90min)25min.

Plenary.Pleasecooperatesothateverygroupgetsaquestionorcomment.

Break
1.Confirm:(1)rulesforgroup**task:IssuesofinequalityandCOVIDͲ19,focusinginparticular
work,(2)expectationsfor
Plenaryfor15onvaccinedistribution.Wewillaskthreequestionswithregard
groups,(3)descriptionofminute,thentovaccinedistribution:(1)Whoarethemostvulnerableinyourassignment.2.Confirm
movetobreakout society;(2)Whyaretheyvulnerable;and(3)Whatcanyoudogroupsandgotobreakout
roomstomakethemlessvulnerable?Whataboutvulnerabilityintherooms(choosetheirownroom)
world?20/group:15min.+5fordiscussion

13:15Ͳ13:45
GroupandLecturerDivisionintobreakoutrooms
13:50

15NovͲ19Nov.

Remarks

Tasks:(1)SelfͲintroductions,(2)makeacontactlist,(3)decideonameetingscheduleͲonceaweekwitheachsensei,moreasagroupalone,(4)talkabouttopicandwhattodo30mins.

Everyonebacktoplenary,questions,closethemeeting*Keeproomsopenforchattingorend?

Independentgroupwork;eachgroupmeetswithateacher
once

1stweek:checkprogress,helpthemclarifytheirtopic,provide
directionandadviceiftheyareconfused;1stweeksenseitells
2ndweeksenseiwhathappened;

22Nov.Ͳ26Nov. Independentgroupwork;eachgroupmeetswithateacher
once2ndweeksenseifollowsup,adviceforthefinalpresentationDay2(JST)Goodmorning,warmup
10:30Ͳ10.40
Moderator:UGM exercise(?),reviewassignment, 10min.
presentationorder10.40Ͳ12.50
Moderators:
2hours:3groups,
Student**GroupPresentations
break(10min.),3 6groups/20min.(15min.+5min.forquestions)moderators:
groupsNKUST,UTAR,
KU,UGM
12:50Ͳ13:20

Discussion

Questions,comments

13:20Ͳ14:00
Moderator:KU

Closingremarks

Photo,song(?)

Afterwefinish

Certificatesofcompletionandquestionnaire

Certificateandquestionnaireindropbox;returnby14Dec.2021

Rulesforgroupwork:

1.Smilealot
2.Listenwithpatienceandrespect
3.Beactive!Bekind!Trytomakesurethateveryoneisinvolvedandfeelsimportant!

3

Short Lecture

Short Lecture“Why Kobe University UNESCO Chair is Having a
COVID-19 Conference”
Ronni Alexander
Director, Gender Equality Oﬃce, Kobe University

4

So nice to see you!
Kobe University UNESCO Chair: Gender and Vulnerability inDisaster Risk Reduction Support

Please make sure
your mics are on
mute

If possible,
please turn yourvideos on, especiallyduring group andplenary sessions

Education Program 2021
Thinking about vaccine inequality and inequity
2021.11.13‐12.4
RO N N I A L E X ANDE R

This session is being
recorded for our
UNESCO Chairarchive

D I R E C T O R , KO B E U N I V E R S I T Y G E N D E R E Q UA L I T Y O F F I C E
P R O F E S S O R , KO B E U N I V E R S I T Y

2021/2/20

2

R. ALEXANDERTime

Activity

Who

Remarks

Our schedule for today

UGM: Gadjah Mada University (UGM), Indonesia
NKUST National Kaohsiung University of Science andTechnology (NKUST), Taiwan

10:30‐11:00

Opening & short lecture

Ronni Alexander

Moderator: Prof. Kazue
NODA (KU)

11:00‐11:05

Short video: Vaccine
Distribution Challenges

Yale School of Medicine
https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=7UzWijl2Xns

Moderator: Prof. Kazue
NODA (KU); Use chat forcomments, questions

11:05‐11:45

Presentations from each
university; maximum 20 min.
/university

All the students!
UTAR→UGM→NKUST→MFU→KU

Moderator: UTAR

11:45‐13:00

Discussion

Everyone

Moderator: MFU student

13:00‐13:15

Break

Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia
School of Social Innovation, Mae Fah Luang
University (MFU), Thailand
Kobe University (KU), Japan* We all come from different academic fields!

13:15‐13:30

Confirm rules & assignment

13:15‐13:45

Breakout rooms

Students & teachers

Moderator: Dr. Jhiah‐Sian
SUN (NKUST)
Intro, schedule, etc.

13:50‐14:00

Plenary and closing

Everyone

Photo!

http://www.office.kobe‐u.ac.jp/opge‐kyodo‐
sankaku/index.html
2021/2/20

R. ALEXANDER

3

2021/2/20

Discussion Groups

What will we do?
Schedule

My talk today

Today

What is a UNESCO Chair?

◦ presentations from each university◦ discussion in small groups◦ Kobe University UNESCO Chair◦ Introduction to our program

From today – 3 Dec.

Vaccine inequality and inequity◦ Meet in your groups when you want
◦ Meet with a teacher once/week◦ Inequality and inequity◦ Some background about gender andvulnerability,◦ Some information that might help you in
working on the assignment in your groups

4 December◦ Group presentations and discussions◦ Closing ceremonyGroup 1

Group 2
Assadet Sermsook

Kuenzang Dema
LIN, YOU‐JUN
LAI, NIEN‐TZU
Belson Liu Yu Ting

Ramita Mukteab

Group 3Nurfarihan Samaair
Theeradon Pattarawatin
Napat Luadsakul

LIN, YEN- HUA

LIU, YI-HSUAN

Kingkarn Tepkan
LI, GENG‐JIA

Tan Lee Hang

Gam Li Juen

Ng Pei Yee

Swaraj Chakraborty

Ji Xinyu

Joyce Anne S. Lumactud

SUN Chang

Yamada Daiki

Riovanni Francinni

Guo Xuanjin

Hirashima AikoAdi Buyu Prakoso

Made Satya Nugraha
Rahmah Yanita Kusuma
Gautama

RENALDI. M

Sobran Jamil

Sun, Jhih‐Sian (NKUST,
Taiwan)R. ALEXANDER

Yopi Darmawan

Group 4
Kasma Mahamad

Group 5
Lekzin Tobgyel

Group 6
Benjamin Zhi Jian Tan

Areeya Adam
CHEN, LI‐KAIWU, SHU‐AN

LI, ZHI-YICHANG, PEI-CHINGMaria Clavelia Olito‐
DomingoYara Priscilla Pedro Bule
Siti Nabilah Binti
Joyce Anne S. Lumactud
Mohamad Sharif

Annisa'i Rohimah

Endar KuriantoNurdina Wahyu
HidayatiEndah Tri Wulandari

Hanifati Akalili
I Made Cahyadi Agastiya
Asnawati La Asamu

Syahirul Alim (UGM, Tseng, Wen Jui (NKUST,
Indonesia)
Taiwan)Huang Yuk Feng (UTAR, Ai Shoraku (KU,
Malaysia)
Japan)
2021/2/20

4

R. ALEXANDER

5

2021/2/20

5Maya Dania (MFU, Thailand)

Uki Noviana (UGM,
Indonesia)

Reni Juwitasari (MFU, Thanikun Chantra (MFU,
Thailand)Thailand)Tan Kok Weng
(UTAR, Malaysia)

Ronni Alexander (KU, Tseng, Kuo‐Tsung; YU, Hui‐
Japan)
Lung (NKUST, Taiwan)

R. ALEXANDER

6

Content of my talk

What is a UNESCO Chair?

Introduce UNESCO Chair concept

Objective: creation of a university network for:◦ Teaching◦ Research◦ Cross‐border sharing of knowledge

Introduce Kobe University UNESCO Chair
The background of this program
Some suggestions for how to approach thisquestion

UNESCO Chairs as of2021.1.20
Worldwide: 831
Japan: 10

Approval◦ Needs approval by UNESCO headquarters◦ Four‐year period◦ No accompanying funding

Some things to be careful about

Role◦ Research, education, partnering, community outreach2021/2/20

7

R. ALEXANDER

2021/2/20

Kobe University UNESCO Chair

Partner Institutions* Green: Students and Faculty attending this meeting* Blue: Only faculty attending this meeting

Title: Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support
Purpose:• UGM: Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia• NKUST: National Kaohsiung University of Scienceand Technology, Taiwan• UTAR: Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia• MFU: School of Social Innovation, Mae Fah Luang
University, Thailand• NIDC: Network for International Development
Cooperation, Thammasat University, Thailand• Mercy Malaysia, Malaysia• Kobe University, Japan• NWEC: National Women’s Education Center, Japan◦ Share experience of disaster from Kobe University to the world◦ Deepen connections with other countries, institutions to create a safer and more inclusive world

Duration: 4 years; 2018.4~2022.3
Only UNESCO Chair on gender & disaster
Under supervision of UNESCO Women’s DivisionPart of a Global Network of UNESCO Chairs on Gender (23 chairs)

2021/2/20

9

R. ALEXANDER

2021/2/20

This conference

Joint research withpartners• Gender sensitiveand inclusive
guidelines fordisaster risk
reduction• Build
multidisciplinarymodel for DRR

2021/2/20

EDUCATION/
AWARENESSGUIDELINESPOLICYRECOMMENDATIONS

Awareness & strategy Establish guidelines• Circulate andimplementation
disseminate• Training forthrough seminars,
students,
symposia, HP, etc.
professional, policy
makers• DRR awarenessactivities for local
community

Policyrecommendations• Should meet local
needs• Should aim tobuild more
resilient andinclusive society

R. ALEXANDER

UGM
MERCY
Malaysia

UTAR

MFU

Kobe
University
NIDC

NKUST

NWEC

10

Education program: To help you find your own
role in disaster preparedness and support

Tasks of our UNESCO ChairRESEARCH

8

R. ALEXANDER

2018, 2019

DDR NETWORKEXPANSION◦ 2‐week in person course at UGM◦ Students from UGM, NKUST, KU◦ Focus on Mt. Merapi volcano eruption

Expansion of DRR
network• Build international
DRR network
based on genderequality and social
inclusion2020◦ 2‐day online program◦ Students from all 5 partner universities! ◦ Focus on COVID‐19

2021
Month‐long online program
Students from all 5 partner universities! Focus on COVID‐19 vaccine inequality & inequity

R. ALEXANDER

11

2021/2/20

6

R. ALEXANDER

12COVID‐19 is a pandemic, but is it adisaster?

Expected learning outcomes
Awareness of:Definition of disaster (WHO training package) Vaccine distribution differences among countries“A disaster is an occurrence disrupting the normal conditions of existence and causing a level ofsuffering that exceeds the capacity of adjustment of the affected community..” Difference between access and distribution
 Internal and external factors affecting vaccines

Please share your opinion!

 International politics of vaccines

Use your reaction button (thumb up=yes, down = no) Information and disinformationor chat (yes/no)

 Gender and vulnerability
 Make new friends

2021/2/20

R. ALEXANDER

13

2021/2/20

Why focus on COVID‐19?

R. ALEXANDER

14

Our theme: Vaccine inequity/inequality
Equality: the same opportunity regardless of gender, race, religion, background,etc.

The COVID‐19 pandemic is a global problem◦ It affects all of us, wherever we are◦ Serious social, economic implications at all levels of global society: individuals, countries, regions and theentire world◦ Global cooperation is necessary to overcome it

Equity: equality based on fairness and justice; recognizing that everyone does
not start from the same place, and that adjustments are necessary and ongoingto overcome intentional and unintentional barriers resulting from bias, systemic
racism, sexism, and other causes.

COVID‐19 is not the first health emergency, nor will it be the last
◦ Spanish Flu, HIV/AIDs, SARS, MERS, Ebola …
◦ With increasing natural and human disasters, awareness and preparedness are essential

A gender perspective and focus on vulnerability can help to make a safer world◦ If the world is safer for the most vulnerable in our communities, it will be safer for everyone

2021/2/20

R. ALEXANDER

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2021/2/20

Is this equality or equity?

R. ALEXANDER

16

Is this equality or equity?

Give yourresponse
in chat!
Give your response
in chat!

この写真 の作成者 不明な作成者 は CC BY‐SA のライセンスを許諾されています
2021/2/20

R. ALEXANDER

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2021/2/20

7

R. ALEXANDER

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Some questions inequality and inequity
in vaccine distribution

Is this equality or equity?

Where?

Especially important◦ Domestic, regional or international/global?

◦ Why?
◦ Gender and vulnerability

When?

◦ What part of the process from development touse?

Give yourresponse
in chat!

Vulnerability◦ Because of COVID or from before?
◦ Made worse by COVID? In what ways?

What?

◦ Legal context/barriers? Funding, patents, TRIPPS,
bilateral agreements, COVAX?

Gender◦ All genders or particular genders – women, men,
LGBTQ+?
◦ Changes in vulnerability from COVID?

Who?

◦ Individuals? Vulnerable groups? Corporations?
States? International organizations?
◦ Lived experiences?
◦ Who gets priority? Individuals? Their families?
Colleagues?

2021/2/20

R. ALEXANDER

19

2021/2/20

R. ALEXANDER

Inequality and inequity: women and girls

Issues in vaccine equality and equity

Issues especially affecting women and girls

Before the pandemic and prevention issues◦ Working women are often in hardest hit jobs, jobs which lack social protection, healthcare and other frontline
services◦ Increased work as unpaid family, community caregivers◦ Often have to pick up the slack where schools, childcare and other services are shut down or scaled back
◦ Domestic violence, especially where women are locked down with their abusers – 25‐500% increase in useof hotlines, shelters, internet resources◦ Lower levels of education? Finding and evaluating information, digital access and skills

20◦ Ability to access safe and appropriate health care
◦ Ability to access and evaluate information◦ Financing and implementation of prevention/preparedness measures with a gender‐sensitive focus onvulnerability

Development, Production and Distribution

Increases in:◦ Poverty, unplanned pregnancies, school dropouts, child labor of adolescent girls, household work, maternal
deaths, food insecurity and malnutrition, trafficking, transactional sex, cyber harassment◦ Sharing technology and knowledge for production◦ Eliminating legal barriers to development and distribution

Reduced or loss of:

Putting the health of all before profits and fame

◦ Income, financial empowerment, access to healthcare and WASH (water, sanitation, hygiene),◦ Eliminating unfair competition, hoarding, greed and politics

Likely to be lasting negative implications for women’s economic security and autonomy

2021/2/20

R. ALEXANDER

21

2021/2/20

3 simultaneous needs (Boston University
Global Policy Development Center)

R. ALEXANDER

22

COVAX is a good idea! Is it equitable?

A TRIPS Waiver at the World Trade
Organization to cut through the intellectual
property (IP) rights that deter new production

Is the vaccine allocation mechanism equitable?

Technology transfer from vaccine originators
to regionally distributed manufacturing hubs

How are inequities at population‐level addressed?

Who is involved in the process of defining equitable outcomes?

Are inequities targeted through a health systems approach or through vertical interventions?

Robust financing measures to upgrade
production facilities and improve vaccine
distribution worldwide

2021/2/20

R. ALEXANDER

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2021/2/20

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R. ALEXANDER

24

What if your country has limited
numbers of vaccines…

What I hope you will do hereYour family

Learn from one another!

◦ you, your baby sister, younger brother, your parents, grandparents and your older aunt. You live
together.

Be courageous! Ask a question or give your opinion.

Your mother is a nurse and works with COVID patients

Reflect on your own experience!

Your sister is a baby and still nursing

Listen respectfully and with kindness!

Your brother is in grade 5 but school is closed

Think about what you can do for your community!

Your mother can get vaccinated as a health care worker

Think about how and why gender and vulnerability are important!

◦ Should others in your family be given priority, too? If so, who?
◦ Do you think your mother should get vaccinated?
◦ What about yourself? What about your brother?
◦ Three times for your grandparents? Your father? Your mother?

Think about how we can Build Back Better to make future generations safer!
ENJOY and make new friends!

2021/2/20

R. ALEXANDER

25

2021/2/20

R. ALEXANDER

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2021/2/20

9

R. ALEXANDER

26

Covit-19 Video

Covit-19 Video“Vaccine Distribu�on Challenges”
Yale School of Medicineh�ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7UzWijl2Xns

10Student Presenta�ons on Nov. 13

Student Presenta�ons
Universi� Tunku Abdal Rahman
Gadjah Mada UniversityNa�onal Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology
Mae Fah Luang University
Kobe University A
Kobe University B

11

08 Nov 2021
March 2020
First wave

Oct 2020
Second wave

March 2021
Third wave

Total cases (289528)

Total cases (2210100)

Total cases (11224)

Retrieved from website: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/malaysia/#graph-deaths-daily

Movement Control Order (MCO) is a series of national quarantine that measures implemented by the federal
government of Malaysia in response to the Covid - 19 pandemic in the country starting on 18 March 2020 and until
today.

12‐Source:https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2021/05/30/govt-makes-u-turn-on-vaccine-choice/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-receives-200000-doses-of-chinas-cansino-covid-19-vaccines
https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2021/11/10/40-of-booster-dose-recipients-absent-says-khairy/

Vaccine Brands Used in Malaysia
Cansino0.4%

AstraZeneca
7.9%

Pfizer
52.8%

Sinovac
38.9%

Source: MoH Malaysia

As of 10 Nov 2021, 11.59p.m. (GMT+8)

Source: MoH Malaysia

As of 10 Nov 2021, 11.59p.m. (GMT+8)

Source: MoH Malaysia

As of 10 Nov 2021, 11.59p.m. (GMT+8)

Vaccination Progress in Malaysia
Total

25,564,214

24,691,110
731,635

At least one dose
1st dose of Pfizer, Sinovac, AZ
Single dose of Cansino
Source: MoH Malaysia

Fully vaccinated

Booster Dose

2nd dose of Pfizer, Sinovac, AZ
Single dose of Cansino
As of 10 Nov 2021, 11.59p.m. (GMT+8)13

Source: MoH Malaysia

Source:The Special Committee For Ensuring Access To Covid-19 Vaccine Supply (JKJAV)As of 10 Nov 2021, 11.59p.m. (GMT+8)500,000

Frontliners comprising of public and private healthcare
personnel.
Frontliners consisting of essential services*, defence and security
personnel.

9,400,000

Remainder of healthcare workers as well as those in essential
services and defence and security personnel.
High-risk group with chronic diseases: The elderly that are at highrisk for heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

Adult population aged 18 years and above (citizens &noncitizens)
Priority will be given to those in the red zones; followed by thosein yellow zones and finally those in green zones

13,700,000
900,000

Workers in critical industries: food, manufacturing, construction,
retail, plantation, and hospitality

Adolescents aged from 12 to 17 with underlying medical
condition.
Adolescents aged from 12 to 17 with no medical issues based onage de-escalation.

3,150,000

14

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■ The 2021 Pandemic Ongoing
Situation of Taiwan

OutlineTHE CURRENT SITUATION OF
TAIWAN UNDER THE COVID-19
PANDEMIC■ Vaccination Plan
– Group Label– Vaccine Arrival– Vaccinated Population

Presenter:
Pei-Ching Chang
Zhi-Yi Li■ The Various Factors Affect the
Taiwan Vaccination"  ,)
2021.11.13■ Special Things in Taiwan
2021.11.13

1

2

Vaccination Plan

The 2021 Pandemic Ongoing Situation of Taiwan
Total confirmed cases: 16,437

4/21

3/3

Open up vaccination forbusinessmen, workers, students
who need to go abroadFirst batch of
vaccine arrived

*

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Case fatality5.15%

3/22

5/11

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Taiwan pandemic outbreak

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Group Label

Vaccination Plan









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■ The Taiwan government has created a prioritization list for domestic
COVID-19 vaccination plan, which includes 10 prioritized groups.

 2021.11.13

52021.11.13

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6

Vaccine arrival

Vaccination Plan
(10,000/unit) $""(3511May & June

2,154.62

June & July

Vaccine shortage'"#

Donated vaccine volume is more than self-purchased

Government documented the vaccination
name list for the 10 prioritized groups $ 

3111

(Donated form Japan, the U.S.A, and Lithuania…etc.)

2511

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Taiwan pandemic
outbreak

Vaccination Registration andReservation System launched.

1

72021.11.13

Vaccinated Population
27,111,111

The Various Factors Affect the Taiwan Vaccination

15,555,520
66% of Taiwan population

26,111,111

82021.11.13

24,111,111

 The definition of medical diseases is not clear.

23,111,111

 The arrival time and amounts of vaccines are hard to estimate.

21,111,111

6,161,500
26% of Taiwan population

7,111,111
6,111,111

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 Some people are difficult to make appointments online.
ne.

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m.

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10Picture source :Pixabay

Special Things in Taiwan
2017 Taiwanese and the indigenous Taiwanese life expectancy  Why the vaccination ages is different frommindigenous Taiwanese and Taiwanese?

Taiwanese
Life
ExpectancIndigenous Taiwanese Mountain

Male

FemaleMale

Female

77.28

83.70

67.85

76.62

THANK YOU!

Indigenous
Male
Female
65.52

75.10

y

 Why Taiwanese are very worriedpabout the pandemic?

Average
SourceDepartment of Statistics

Tabulate by Ms. HuangPicture source fromPixabay

2021.11.13

Picture source :Apple Daily

Picture source :BBC Travel2021.11.13

11

17

12

Ramita Mukteab

18

Kuenzang Dema

Areeya Adam

Kingkarn Tepkan

Nurfarihan Samaair

Theeradon Pattarawatin Benjamin Zhi Jian Tan

Kasma Mahamad

Lekzin Tobgyel

Assadet Sermsook

Napat Luadsakul

Chiang Rai Public Health Office, 11 November 2021

19

Retrieved from: https://www.thaiembassy.com

20

21

Introduction

SARS-CoV-2

From Identification to Immunisation

Infection, Response and Vaccinations.
How different countries around the world have dealt with
COVID19.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virusthat causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
COVID-19 is the respiratory illness responsible for the current pandemic.
The Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunisation (SAGE) advices The
World Health Organization (WHO) on overall global policies and strategies.
WHO adopted SAGE's Principles and Values Framework as the basis for theworldwide COVID-19 vaccine roll-out.

Group A:
Guo Xuanjin China
Aiko Hirashima Japan
Joyce Anne Lumactud Philippines
Riovanni Francinni Indonesia
Swaraj Chakraborty Bangladesh
Yara Priscilla Bule Mozambique& Nabilah Sharif Malaysia (Group B)

The rationale is minimisation of the pandemic's impact on the main risk
groups, the healthcare system, and society at large.
Since vaccination began in December 2020, approximately 40% of the world
population has been fully vaccinated.
The least wealth 52 countries account for 4.7% of vaccinations but have 20.5%of the world population.

UNESCO CHAIR PROGRAMME | 13.11.2021

Alexey Solodovnikov, Valeria Arkhipova (2021 July 29). Достоверно красиво: как мы сделали 3D-модель SARS-CoV-2 (in ru). https://nplus1.ru/. N+1. Archived from the original on 2021 July 30.
Non-commercial license for this webcite. — Niklitov (talk) 22:57, 31 July 2021 (UTC)
Accessed: 16:14, 8th November 2021 (JST)

Demographics
Bangladesh
Population: 164.7million (2020)
Urban Population: 38.1% (2020)
Life Expectancy: 73 years

Timeline of first COVID-19 transmissions

China
Population: 1.402 billion (2020)
Urban Population: 61.4% (2020)
Life Expectancy: 76.31 years

Japan
Population: 125.8 million (2020)
Urban Population: 91.8% (2020)
Life Expectancy: 84.36 years

Indonesia
Population: 273.5million (2020)
Urban Population: 56.6% (2020)
Life Expectancy: 71.5 years

Philippines
Population: 109.6 million (2020)
Urban Population: 47.7% (2020)
Life Expectancy: 71.38 years

Malaysia:
Population: 32.7 million (2020)
Urban Population: 77.2% (2020)
Life Expectancy: 75.6 years

Mozambique
Population: 31,26 million (2020)
Urban Population: 37.1% (2020)
Life Expectancy: 60.85 years (2019)

COVID-19 Statistics in Selected Countries
BangladeshFirst case: 08th March 2020
Confirmed cases: 1,571,669 (Nov 12)
Deaths: 27,906 ((Nov 12)

China
First case: December 1, 2020
Confirmed cases: 126,908 (Nov 12)
Deaths: 5697 (Nov 12)

Japan
First case: Jan, 15, 2020
Confirmed cases: 1,724,718 (Nov 12)
Deaths: 18,318 (Nov 12)

Indonesia
First case: Feb 14, 2020
Confirmed cases: 4,249,758 (Nov 12)
Deaths: 143,608 (Nov 12)

Philippines
First case: Jan, 21, 2020
Confirmed cases: 2,809,311 (Nov 12)
Deaths: 44665 (Nov 12)

Malaysia:
First case: 25 January 2020
Confirmed cases: 2.52M (Nov 10)
Deaths: 29,486 (Nov 10)

MozambiqueFirst case: March 22, 2020
Confirmed cases: 151,367 (Nov 8)
Deaths: 1,934 (Nov 8)22Vaccination Statistics of Selected Countries
Bangladesh
Vaccinations began: Feb 7, 2021
Fully vaccinated: 19.2%
Vaccines Available: Sinopharm,
Oxford-Astrazeneca, .

China
Vaccinations began: Aug 17, 2020
Fully vaccinated: 74.7%
Vaccines Available: SinopharmBeijing, Sinopharm-Wuhan, Sinovac,
CarSino, ZF2001

Key Takeaways

Japan
Vaccinations began: Feb 17, 2021
Fully vaccinated: 75.2%
Vaccines Available: Pfizer-BioNtech,Moderna

Malaysia
Vaccinations began: Feb 24, 2021
Fully vaccinated: 75.6%
Vaccines Available: Pfizer-BioNtech,Oxford-Astrazeneca, Sinovac,
Sinopharm, Cansino

01

Finding genderdisaggregated information isdifficult●

02

Vaccination distribution
remains unequal● Between rich and poor; rural and urban;
vaccine-producing countries andvaccine receiving countries

03

Information on vaccines
does not reach all population●
Mozambique
Vaccinations began: Mar 8, 2021
Fully vaccinated: 8%
Vaccines Available: Sinopharm,
Astrazeneca (France/India), Janssen

Indonesia
Vaccinations began : Jan 13, 2021
Fully vaccinated: 29.3%
Vaccines Available: Sinovac, OxfordAstrazeneca, Pfizer.

Philippines
Vaccinations began: March 1, 2021
Fully vaccinated: 21%
Vaccines Available: Top 5 brands:
Sinovac, Pfizer, Astrazeneca,
Moderna, and Sputnik●

Official statistics are not sex aggregatedLeads to vaccine hesitancy (e.g.
hierarchy/perception on vaccine brands)
Low vaccination rates leads to immunity
being compromised

References
1. Bloomberg. (2021, November 12). More Than 7.38 Billion Shots Given: Covid-19 Tracker. https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/covid-vaccine-trackerglobal-distribution/#global
2. Department of Health (2021). Covid 19 Updates. Retrieved from https://doh.gov.ph/
3. Directorate General of Health Services of Bangladesh. (2021). https://dghs.gov.bd/index.php/en/
4. Gavi. (2021). Covax Vaccine Roll-out: Country Updates. https://www.gavi.org/covax-vaccine-roll-out
5. Indonesia COVID-19 Handling Task Force. (2021). https://covid19.go.id/
6. Minister of Health Republic of Indonesia. (2021). https://www.kemkes.go.id/
7. Mozambique Ministry of Health. (2021). https://www.misau.gov.mz/
8. Reuters. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination Trackers. https://graphics.reuters.com/world-coronavirus-tracker-and-maps/vaccination-rollout-and-access/9. World Health Organization. (2021). Global Research on Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus-2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov
10.World Health Organization. (2021). Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it
11.World Health Organization. (2021). Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE). https://www.who.int/groups/strategic-advisory-groupof-experts-on-immunization/covid-19-materials
12.World Population Review. (2021). Mozambique Population 2021 (Live). https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/mozambique-population
13.WHO. Strategy to Achieve Global Covid-19 Vaccination by mid-2022 https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/immunization/covid-19/strategy-toachieve-global-covid-19-vaccination-by-mid-2022.pdf?sfvrsn=5a68433c_5
14.Dula, Janeth, et al. "COVID-19 vaccine acceptability and its determinants in Mozambique: an online survey." Vaccines 9.8 (2021): 828.
15.Elnaem, Mohamed Hassan, et al. "COVID-19 Vaccination Attitudes, Perceptions, and Side Effect Experiences in Malaysia: Do Age, Gender, andVaccine Type Matter?." Vaccines 9.10 (2021): 1156.
16.Barletta, Giulia, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on consumption poverty in Mozambique. No. wp-2021-94. World Institute for Development Economic
Research (UNU-WIDER), 2021.
17.Nuvunga, Adriano, et al. "Equity in COVID-19 pandemic responses in Africa: Mozambique case study."
18.Maxmen, Amy. "The fight to manufacture COVID vaccines in lower-income countries." Nature 597.7877 (2021): 455-457.

Thank you for your attention!
Questions?
Presentation Slides by:
Joyce Anne Lumactud Philippines
Yara Priscilla Bule Mozambique
Data and Appendix A Slides by:Group A Members
Nabilah Sharif Malaysia

Group A:
Guo Xuanjin China
Aiko Hirashima Japan
Joyce Anne Lumactud Philippines
Riovanni Francinni Indonesia
Swaraj Chakraborty Bangladesh
Yara Priscilla Bule Mozambique

Speaker:
Joyce Anne Lumactud Philippines
Riovanni Francinni Indonesia
Yara Priscilla Bule Mozambique
References organized by:
Riovanni Francinni Indonesia

UNESCO CHAIR PROGRAMME | 13.11.2021

23

ChinaDemographics
Population: 1,411,778,724
Growth rate: 0.59%
0-17 years: 17.29% (2020)
15-64 years: 70.47% (2020)
65 years and over: 12.34% (2020)
Life expectancy: 76.31 years (male 74.23;
female 78.62) (2021)
Urbanization: urban 61.4%; rural 38.6% (2020)
Fertility rate: 1.3 children per woman
GNI per capita: 10,610 ppp dollars (2020)
Official language: Mandarin Chinese

Appendix A. Country Specific Information(Hong Kong and Macau are special administrative regions,which are not included into statistics.)

Distribution of Patients with Covid-19 across Mainland China
February 4, 2020

Speaker: Guo Xuanjin

COVID-19 and Government Response Timeline

Vaccine in China
Timeline

1 December 2019: The first human cases of COVID-19 wereidentified in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China.

14 April 2020: China has approved three COVID-19 vaccine candidates for clinical trials.
22 May 2020: China's vaccine trial has been found to be safe, well-tolerated, and able to generate an immune response against
SARS-COV-2 in humans.

31 December 2019: A public notice on the outbreak was released by
Wuhan hd stopping travel in and out of Wuhan. (COVID-19 lockdown
in Wuhan)

17 August 2020: China's first patent for a COVID-19 vaccine has been granted by the National Intellectual Property
Administration.

January 2020: 2 special hospitals were constructed.

2 December 2020: China had five COVID-19 vaccines entering phase-3 clinical trials.

26 January 2020: A group tasked with the prevention and control of
the COVID-19 pandemic was established.
16 February 2020: 217 teams of a total of 25,633 medical workers
from across China went to Wuhan and other cities in Hubei to help
open up more facilities and treat patients.

31 December 2020: China approves first COVID-19 vaccine (Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine).
5 February 2021: Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine was approved.
25 February 2021: Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine and Convidecia vaccine were approved.

The city was blocked. The city wasn't blocked, but with confirmed cases greater than 100

10 March 2021: ZF2001 vaccine was approved.

8 April 2020: The Wuhan lockdown officially ended.
About the lockdown and quarantine, residents who live in cities under
lockdown were prohibited to exit. Party members of branches of CCP,
policemen and policewomen, volunteers offered service including
purchase of commodities. As for other cities, policies were different.
The most common policy was that only one person per household
was allowed to exit once each two days.

The latest data of inoculation
2,322,102,000 doses were administered until 6 November 2021.
1.1 billion people had taken vaccines which covered 78% of total population until 18 September 2021.
Children at the age of 3-11 years will take vaccines from November 2021.

28 January 2020, 707 cases
8 February 2020, 3558 cases
14 February 2020, 4602 cases
1 March 2020, 312 cases

Japan

Japan

infection and vaccination

Demographics
The Infected2021/8/26
26,050oopar day(people)ooo

Population: 1.258 billion (2020)2021/1/8
7,957Life expectancy: 84.36 years (2019)
GNI per capita: 43,880 PPP dollars (2019)2021/5/8
7,238

https://www.asahi.com/special/corona/

Population growth rate: -0.3% annual change (2020)

Daily number of vaccinations (except healthcare workers)

Full vaccine 73.7％

Fertility rate: 1.36 births per woman (2019)

First dose 77.9%

Official language: JapaneseFirst time

24

Second timehttps://cio.go.jp/c19vaccine_dashboard

15. Jan. 2020 The first infection confirmed
7.Apr. 2020 A state of emergency has been declared
31. May. 2020 Lifted the state of emergency
22. Jul. 2020 795 daily infections, the highest number ever
7.Jan. 2021 Second time of the state of emergency→21. Mar. 2021 Lifted
17. Feb. 2021 Advance vaccination of healthcare workers started(Pfizer)
12. Apr. 2021 Vaccination of elderly (over 70) started
25. Apr. 2021 Third time of the state of emergency
24. May. 2021 Vaccination on a large scale started (gradually startingwith over 60)
20. Jun. 2021 Third time of the state of emergency lifted
21. Jun. 2021 Vaccination in a workplace (include universities)
started(Moderna)
8. Jul. 2021 Fourth time of the state of emergency been declared→30. Sep. 2021 LiftedPhilippines

Philippines

Indonesia

Philippines: Government Responses to the COVID Pandemic

Bangladesh

Bangladesh

Covid 19 and government responses

Demographics

Covid 19 in Bangladesh• Located in South East Asia
• Area: 55,598 Square Miles• Population: 165 Million (2020) (8th most• First confirmed case: 08th March 2020
• Total number of cases: 1.57 Million ( As of 1st November, 2021)• Deaths : 27887 ( As of 1st November, 2021)

populated country)

Government response• Population density: 1265 per square• First official lock down: 19th March 2020 ( Different amendments and regulations
later on)• Set up 21,806 dedicated Covid 19 hospitals beds, 1,374 ventilators all over thecountry• Recruited new doctors, nurses and hospital stuffs to tackle the situation• Declared incentives for the front liners• An online registration portal (Surokkha App) was launched where citizens
registered using their NID number

kilometer.
• Urban population: 37.4%• Age 65+ :5.6%• Age: 15-64:
61%• Fertility rate per women: 1.7• Life expectancy: 73 years (2020)• GNI per capita: 2025 USD (2021)

25

Bangladesh

Mozambique

Covid 19 Vaccine Distribution

Demographics• Bangladesh began the administration of COVID-19 vaccines on 27 January 2021,
focusing initially on a pilot program of 500 health workers.
• Mass vaccination started : 7th February 2021 with Oxford Astrazeneca (For Aged
55+ initially, then gradually the age bar was reduced). later disrupted due toinadequate supply.

Population: 31,26 million (2020)
Urban Population: 36% of total population(2018)
Life Expectancy: 60.85 years (2019)
GNI per capita: 1,250 PPP dollars (2020)
Population growth rate: 2.9% annualchange (2020)
Fertility rate: 4.78 births per woman (2019)
Official language: Portuguese• Vaccine target : 130 Million .(80% population ,18+ with NID)
• Total registration (Surokkha app): 48.5% 0f the target• Vaccine administered: Oxford-Astrazeneca, Moderna, Pfizer (urban area): Sinopharm, Sinovac (Rural area)• Vaccine source: purchased, Donation• Doses given: 76.9 Million• Fully vaccinated: 31.3 Million (19% of population )COVID-19 Statistics

Source: dghs.gov.bd (09 November, 2021)

First case: March 22, 2020
Confirmed cases: 151,367 (8.Nov.2021)
Deaths: 1,934 (8.Nov.2021)

Malaysia

Mozambique

Government Response and Vaccine
Demography

Feb 11, 2020: Health Surveillance Systems were set up.
Feb 14, 2020: 1st confirmed case in the African continent (Egypt)
March 4, 2020: National Plan of Preparation and Response to the
COVID-19 Pandemic was released.
March 8, 2020: National decree defining vaccine prioritization was
released.
Mar 22, 2020: 1st confirmed case in MozambiqueMar 30, 2020: The Mozambican government declared level 3 Stateof Emergency (SOE)Sep 7, 2020: The country evolved into a State of Public Calamity(SOPC)• Population: 32.7 Million• Density: 98.512 person per km• Life expectancy: 75.6 years• Official language: Malay• GDP per capita: USD 10,402 (2020)• Population growth rate: 0.2%
COVID 19 in Malaysia

•
•
•
•
•
•

Dec 8, 2020: 1st covid vaccine dose given to Margaret Keenan(Pfizer)
Mar 5, 2021: Launch of vaccination planMar 8, 2021: 1st vaccination doses given in Mozambique (via
COVAX - AstraZeneca & Sinopharm)
October 30, 2021: 5,871,057 vaccine doses administered (approx
8% fully vaccinated) (Sinopharm)

26

2.52M cases with 29486 deaths (Nov 10)
Vaccination rate : 75.6% (Nov 10)
Vaccination started on 24 Feb 2021
Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Sinovac, Sinopharm, Cansino
Herd immunity is predicted by April/May 2022
Booster shot started on mid October 2021

Contents
COVID 19 Vaccine Inequality: Differences
Among Japan, China, Philippines, Malaysia,
Bangladesh, Indonesia and Mozambique

1. COVID 19 VACCINATION: Gendera. Japanb. Malaysiac. Philippines
d. Bangladeshe. Indonesia
f. China
g. Mozambique

Yamada Daiki, Ji Xinyu, Chang Sun
Maria Clavelia Domingo, Nabilah Sharif

2. Conclusion
3. References
4. Appendix

COVID 19 VACCINATION: Situation About Gender

COVID 19 VACCINATION: Situation About GenderJAPAN● Income gap between Male and Female(Kikuchi et al., 2020)○ Female income fell 2.8%, male fell 1%● Correspond about education, age,
employment type

○ Elder workers are prioritized vaccination
based on their age.

● Female increased time to housework andchild care than male(Sakuragi et al.,2021)
● Need to reach people who are severely
hurt from COVID19

PHILIPPINESMALAYSIA● Number of employed women fell by● Priority groups: healthcare workers, senior citizens,

2.5%, five times more than men after
COVID-19 hit the world● Women tend to experience a far greater
fall in job compared to men (voluntarily
or involuntarily)○ Education gap○ Attending child care
● Study and improvement in policy of
employment for womenindigents, people with comorbidity, and otherfrontliners uniformed personnel● Pandemic response glosses over other criticalgendered impacts of the health crisis (Castillo,2021). Women experienced:○ Increase in unpaid work (education, caregiving,and etc.)○ More likely to be out of employment (4.9% in2019 to 13.1% in 2020)○ most likely to skip meals for their household tomeet primary needs○ lack of access sexual and reproductive healthservices○ more adverse psychological effects from thepandemic and higher levels of stress, anxiety,and depression

COVID 19 VACCINATION: Situation About Gender

BANGLADESH●●●

No significant discrimination to women interms of vaccine distribution. Currently
vaccine roll out percentage is almost 50:50
to male and female.
The incidents of domestic violences haveincreased in the country. (Sifat,I.R. 2020)
Sexual violence and human rights violationof women is also on the rise during the
pandemic(Sifat,I.R. 2020).

COVID 19 VACCINATION: Situation About Gender

CHINA
INDONESIA● In the vaccination process, men and women aretreated equally in Indonesia, but there still has
risk to becomes a threat to gender equality inIndonesia because basically, the uncertainty of
economic conditions has a worse impact on
women than men".(Alon et al., (2020) )● Work(income sources -2%,paid work time -6% )● Family(69% women housework hour +)● Psychological health(gender-based violence,stress, anxiety)Mozambique● Male and female is treated equally for vaccines,

but the unemployment rate was much higher for
women than for men during the epidemic.(QianY, Fan W, 2020)- COVID-19 information dissemination was equal between genders.
- COVID-19 pandemic has worsened gender inequality:-● Causes Decline in Women's Labor Market

Status.(National School of Development at Peking University,

NSD)

Women were at higher risk of: Loss of income, gender based violence and poor access to education (viaremote learning).

- Data shows that women are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infections;● Work (Female unemployed +6.1,weekly workhour -3.7h, monthly salary -$462)-● Family ((Male dominated and female dominatedfamily cooperation model))Pregnant and breastfeeding women weren't included in the vaccination plan, initially.
Pregnant and postpartum women showed higher rates of COVID-19 infection than the general
population. (Charles, et al, 2021)- Specific information on COVID 19 vaccine distribution by gender is currently
unavailable.

● Psychological health : Man>Woman● (Married women, women with preschool-age
children)27

References

CONCLUSION● Apiradee Treerutkuarkul, “Covid’s unequal impact”, 26 April 2021 <https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2105515/covidsunequal-impact>●Vaccine availability about gender:● Castillo M C. Is the Philippine Government COVID-19 Response Gender-Blind?[J]. 2021.

There are no differences based on gender about distribution.
→Prioritization based on the individuals, age and employment.

● Chairani, Ikfina (2020). Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Using Gender Perspective in Indonesia. Jurnal Kependudukan
Indonesia, 39-42. Accessed from https://ejurnal.kependudukan.lipi.go.id/index.php/jki/article/view/571/pdf.
● Charles, Charles M'poca, et al. "Clinical and Epidemiological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant andpostpartum women in Mozambique: a prospective cohort study." (2021).

● Global Perspective:○ Female are placed more vulnerable situation rather than male.
○ Leave their job, skip meals, for their household to meet primary needs.
○ Lack of access sexual and reproductive health services○ Increased exposure to adverse psychological effects from the pandemic andhigher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression due to domestic and sexual
violence, economic insecurity, and etc● Department of Health (2021). Covid 19 Updates. Retrieved from https://doh.gov.ph/ (accessed November 4, 2021)● Joseph Kaos Jr, “Sinovac recipients will get Comirnaty for booster shot, says Khairy”, 21 October 2021
<https://www.thestar.com.my/news/2021/10/21/sinovac-recipients-will-get-cominarty-for-booster-shot-says-khairy>● Kikuchi S, Kitao S, Mikoshiba M. Who suffers from the COVID-19 shocks? Labor market heterogeneity and welfare
consequences in Japan[J]. Covid Economics, 2020, 40: 76-114.
● Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia (2020). SURVEY 'ASSESSING THE
IMPACT OF COVID-19': WOMEN HAVE HEIGHTER BENEFITS THAN MEN. Accessed fromhttps://kemenpppa.go.id/index.php/page/read/29/2921/survei-menilai-dampak-covid-19-perempuan-memikul-beban-lebihberat-dibandingkan-laki-laki#.

References

APPENDIX:COVID 19 VACCINATION: Situation About Gender(CHINA)● Narvaez, Aly. (2021) “Through Her Lens: The Impact of COVID-19 on Filipino Girls and Young Women”. Retrieved fromhttps://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/through-her-lens-impact-covid-19-filipino-girls-and-young-women.
● Nuvunga, Adriano, et al. "Equity in COVID-19 pandemic responses in Africa: Mozambique case study."

Lead
d To:

● Qian Y, Fan W. Who loses income during the COVID-19 outbreak? Evidence from China[J]. Research in Social Stratification andMobility, 2020, 68: 100522.

● In 2020 Female unemployed orwithdrawn from the labor market+6.1% (compare to male)● Ririn Purnamasari & Zainab Ali Ahmad, “Malaysian households during COVID-19: Fading resilience, rising vulnerability”, 27
October 2021 <https://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/malaysian-households-during-covid-19-fading-resilience-risingvulnerability>● Weekly work hours -3.7

● Roser M, Ritchie H, Ortiz-Ospina E, et al. Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19)[J]. Our world in data, 2020.

● Monthly wages -$462● Sakuragi, T, et al. (2021) “Gender differences in housework and childcare among Japanese workers during the COVID-19 pandemic”
Retrieved from https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.29.21261306v1.full● Sifat, I.R.(2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence in Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. Volume 53,
October 2020, 102393

Source: http://www.china.com.cn/opinion/think/202107/15/content_77629175.htm● UNESCO, “Education: From disruption to recovery” <https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse#schoolclosures>● Vaccination progress in Malaysia <https://covidnow.moh.gov.my/vaccinations/?refresh=1636209538370>● WHO Strategy to Achieve Global Covid 19 Vaccination by mid 2022 https://cdn who int/media/docs/default

APPENDIX:COVID 19 VACCINATION: Situation About Gender(MALAYSIA)APPENDIX:COVID 19 VACCINATION: Situation About Gender(Japan)Source:https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/21055
15/covids-unequal-impact

Source:Kikuchi et al., 2020

28

APPENDIX:COVID 19 VACCINATION: Situation About Gender(Philippines)

Source:Castillo, 2021

29

Assignment30

Educational Program 2021

Rules for group work:

Session 4

Educational
Program
2021

OnlineMeeting

O1

Smile a lot

02

Listen with patience and respect

03

Be active! Be kind!
Try to make sure that everyone is involved andfeels important!

1

Educational Program 2021

Your assignment

Expectations for groups

Vaccine distribution differences among countries

Difference between access and distributionInternal and external factors affecting vaccinesInternational politics of vaccines

Information and disinformation

Gender and vulnerability

Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support

Move to breakout rooms(1) Who are the most vulnerable
in your society?

Self-introductions

2

make a contact list

3

4

What about vulnerability in the world?
3

Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support

Educational Program 2021

Something extra!

decide on a meeting schedule
talk about topic and what to do

Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support(2) Why are they vulnerable濨

(3) What can you do to make them less vulnerable?

Tasks烉
1

Educational Program2021v

submit a report 12/04

The first task of you: Make new friends and then --Awareness of:2

Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support

6

31

X

In your group, decide on a simple sound of peace that you can do overzoom

X

At the final plenary today, each group will make their sound until we havea peace symphony.

X

Group 3 starts! After a few seconds, someone from group 3 names anothergroup. Group 3 continues, but the new group adds their sound.

X

The new group calls for the next group until all 6 groups are participating.
Last (group 7) is sensei group!?!

4

Group Presenta�ons on Dec.4

Group Presenta�onsGroup 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Group 632

Outline

1

1.. Introduction

Vulnerabilitiess facedd by
y the
e 6 countriess duringg thee
Covid -19
9 vaccination:: Who,, Whyy & How

o are
e the
e mostt vulnerable
e inn yourr society
2.. WhoGroup 1
Me mbe r㸸
Kue nzang De ma (Thailand)
LIN, YOU-J UN & LAI, NIEN-TZU(Taiwan)
Be lson Liu Yu Ting (Malaysia)
Swaraj Chakrabort y (Banglade sh)Adi Buyu Prakoso & RENALDI. M (Indone sia)
Daiki Yamada (J apan)2㸽e theyy vulnerable 㸽
3.. Whyy are
3

n you
u do
o to
o makee themm lesss vulnerable
4.. Whatt can㸽• Other information about vaccination
5.. Conclusion

4

M

IntroductionTƔ What kind of vulnerabilities do we have?
żżżżGenderElderly
Remote / urban area
Access of information

W

Who
o are
e the
e mostt vulnerableeinn ourr society 㸽

T

F

Who ?

Gender1

After discussion in our group, we believe that there are no
absolute weakness in the countries, but there maybe a relativeཙBasically, there is actually no difference in vaccine
2

administration due to gender.

weakness.
•

Gender•Direct Factor•

Indirect Factor

12ཙBut if we really want to emphasize it, we find that

pregnant women have priority.

33ཙNot for all women, but only women have this condition.

In principle, a biological male cannot get pregnant.
4

4

33

Directt FactorThee firstt threee categoriess off thee injection
n byy eachh country

Direct Factor

1

2Countries

Phase 1Japan

Frontline medical
staffCountries have different priorities for different occupations, which4The
e firstt threee categoriess off thee injectionn byy eachh country

Direct Factor

Countries

Phase 1

Phase 2Phase 3

Indonesia

Frontline medical
staff, military andpoliceElderly, people withcomorbidities thatexacerbate Covid-19
infection.

High-risk group㸸
they are at highrisk for exposure

Bangladesh

Medical stuffs,
Other front liners

Elderly people andpeople withcomorbidities

General people
except less than
12 years old.

Anti-epidemic personof central and local
governments

Work in highexposure risk㸸Crew, Customs
officers, homequarantine
workers

TaiwanFrontline medical
staff

Indirectt Factor

High-risk groups:
The public㸸Elderly, chronic
Depend on local
patients and disabledgovernment
peopleMalaysia

High-risk groups㸸
Elderly, chronic
patients and disabled
people.

Thailand

Frontline medical
staff

High-risk groups㸸
Elderly, chronic
General adultpatients and disabled
people.

General adult㸸
population aged
18 years andabove.

Indirectt Factor

1

2

3

4

1

Imperfect information is easy to fail to receive news that indirectly
affect the people to inject the vaccine at the time.

22

For example:
ཙ The elderly who are not good in using the communication33

equipment, unavailability of information.
4

4

M

1

ཙ The people who live in remote area, they are lack of both communicationequipment and transportation. So, these cause people lose the information

1

Phase 3

Frontline medical
staff, essential
services & law
enforcement
people.

means that government policies will directly allocate vaccines.
3

Phase 2T
2and hard to go to urban area to be injected.
Wཙ In Bangladesh, there is a phenomenon that female lagging behind using
mobile phones than male. The main reasons are financial ability, lessWhyy aree theyy vulnerable 㸽3Teducated and poor operation of mobile phones. These factors indirectly
caused them to become the issue of vaccine vulnerable.
4

F

34

Whyy aree theyy vulnerablee?

M

Whyy aree theyy vulnerablee?
භ We have observed many phenomena that happened during the epidemic...

T

Beforee answeringg the
e second
d question,, wee mustt considerr thatt
thee disadvantagess groupp hass alreadyy existed
d in
n society.

2

In Japan, female's income fell is about three times thanWmales(Kikuchi et al., 2020) Female income fell 2.8%, male fellFacedd withh an
n epidemic,, there
e willl only bee moree vulnerable.

1%.

3

Domestic violence has increased in Bangladesh and womenTarethe worst sufferer (Sifat,2020)
4

F

Whyy aree theyy vulnerablee?

Whyy aree theyy vulnerablee?

1

භ We have observed many phenomena that happened during the epidemic...

1

භ We have observed many phenomena that happened during the epidemic...
2

2

There is a big gap in Taiwan's gender ratio of nursing staff.

Same in many countries, people living in remote areas, people

The ratio of men to women is two to ninety-eight. All ofthem bear a lot of pressure that ordinary people cannot

1with imperfect information acceptance, and elderly people in3

need of assistance, etc.

easily take. Such as physiological demand, psychological3

pressure, and in confusion of roles.
4

Whyy aree theyy vulnerablee?

㍲They usually need some help in society, not just during the pandemic.

Whyy aree theyy vulnerable
e?

1

4

1

We found that people who were originally vulnerable in society are justAbove all,we believe that these phenomena occur all around the place,not only happen in specific countries.

2

turning into disadvantaged under the epidemic, but the situation is worse2

and more difficult to understand that everything for them goes terrible.
That is because the disadvantaged groups do not have enoughg conditions
3

to resist, and it is really hard to get rid of them.

Thee disadvantagedd hass become
e evenn moree disadvantaged
d underr thee disaster.

4

35

3

4

Whyy aree theyy vulnerable
e?

M

1

T
2

Those who cannot get the vaccine, they are the vulnerable, andW

e complicatedd andd moree difficultt inn theethese who are more
processs off gettingg thee vaccinee iss also
o to
o be
e the
e

Whatt can
n we
e do
o to
o makee themmlesss vulnerable 㸽3disadvantaged .

4

T

F

M

To make them less vulnerable
The infection of the virus knows no borders and is worldwide.

1

No country can fight on their own. Therefore, the international relations

Tshould be further emphasized, to render assistance and support. (SDG 17)
Attach significance to the biotechnology industry that is advancing with the2Wtimes and strengthening the national strength without relying on othercountries is the first condition for self-protection.

Otherr informationn aboutt vaccinationTvery country should have ലreliable and efficient policies, and firm

3 cooperation of the public. At the same time, implement public healthF

habits targeting towards a better control measures.

With the aim to provide innovation and fair access to the vaccine,
Somethingg relatedd vaccinee andd sociall movementt

1

support its development, manufacturing and price negotiation.

1.. COVAX

All participating countries, regardless of
income levels, will have equal access to

2

2.. Whitee Flagg movement

e groupp rescuingg petss orphans
3.. Thethese vaccines.
The distribution will be in the same proportion

3

which is the size of their total population.
4.. VACCINEE TRANSHIP
If the country is the donated country, the dose they receive will4

not exceed 20% of the country’s population.

36

Issue
e

Issue
e

M

M

Issue
e

The President of Indonesia saidT

But once G7 countries start one-to-one transactions
with pharmaceutical companies, vaccines that can beWprovided to COVAX will be delayed.
T"As the oxygen supply ran out,

Vaccine racism will be self-

patients were turned away fromdestructed because it will

the hospital, and died in theirpush up the price ofhomes.”

vaccines and encourage“ The fairness of vaccines should

hoarding.

be increased. Shouldn't be just aRich countries are hoarding

few countries that get all thevaccines, and some othercountries get only a little."

F

M

Issue

T

W

T

vaccines to meet their own
needs.

MalaysiaFM

As we are a global village, all countries in the world should take a serious
look and review whether the ideological issues about vaccine racism are

T

T

W

W

correct during this epidemic.

White
e Flagg movement

Tཙ Vaccine purchased by a few wealthy countries accounted for 60% of the global
vaccine supply, and these countries population accounted for 16% of the world.

White Flag movement

F

F

1

White Flag movement

12• It started with the entrepreneur and politician Nik Faizah Nik"I was inspired to write that post after seeing the hardships
Othman launched on Facebook, to encourage people to raise
my community was going through and the rise in suicide
the white flag outside their homes when they need help.
cases and would like to alertt theneighborsttheir
th
h ir
i n
eighb
g bors an
ghb
andd ccommunity
ommuni
omm
u tyy

2

• Malaysia has been under a nationwide lockdown since 1
June to rein in a surge of Covid-19 infections.

• Some families are forced to

T

diat
di
ate
ate
te assistance.
asssisas
assis
siiisstance
ttan
ta
aan
nce
ce. Giving
Giiivving
Giv
G
viing
in
ng people
ng
peop
pe
opl
o
plle
p
to provide them with immediate3

hope to continue their lives tthroughout
thispandemic.
hrro
hr
hro
ou
ugh
gh
gho
out
ou
ut
ut tth
his
is p
pan
pa
an
ande
de
dem
em
mic
iic.
c. "
c.

eat only one meal a day,3

and then the suicide rate
rises.

4

Nik Faizah Nik Othman

37

4

White Flag movement• After a few days, an online app wasthen created by a group of university

M

Indonesia

1

T
2
W

students, which enabled people to
crowdsource information about thewhite flags and food banks in their3Thee groupp rescuingg petss orphansareas.

T

Animal Defenders㍲This movement made a large difference tothem and helped them put food on the table.

4

F

Animall Defenders

Animall Defenders

The group says that animals with no-one to care for are areal issue in the pandemic and have launched an initiative torescue them from homes.

News
N
ews

"We provide free healthto people who find it
For
FFo
or
or DesyDeesy
D
sy Siswanto
Siis
SSis
iswa
waan
wan
nto
to and
aan
n
nd
d her
her husband
he
husb
ussb
u
sbaan
and
nd
n
d Ton
TTonny,
To
on
nn
nny
n
nyy, their
theei services
three dogs
were
w
we
eerre very
ver
ery
ery
ry muchmuch
mu
ch a part
par
aart
rt
rt of
of their
tth
heei
eir
ir
ir family.
ffaamiillyy..
hard to look after pets because

Called AD19,

Covid," the founder of the
B
utt w
u
wh
heen
n the
tth
h
hee p
pa
an
nd
d
deem
miic
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ic ra
rravaging
ava
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ag
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iin
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nd
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nees
essiia kille
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when
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Tonny,
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y who
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tteed
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ound
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Doni Herdaru
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orr their
tthe
th
h
heeir
ir furfu
fu
urr babies.
baabie
ba
bie
bi
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iees.
s.
Tona, told the BBC.

the initial started on 2 July by a group of five volunteers.
㍲PeopleCREDITS:
sufferingfrom seriousor, including
relativesof petThis presentation
template was infection
created bySlidesgo
icons
by Flaticon , and infographics & image s by Freepik .
owners who have died can contact them online or phonethem for help.

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andimageas who
by Freepik. inFlaticonSShhe gotheggo
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because of the pandemic.
BBC Indonesian Service

BBC Indonesian Service

VACCINEE TRANSHIP

TaiwanThee characteristicss off airr transportationn havee thee following
g threee points:㍲ high value㍲ perishablee㍲ in timee

VACCINEE TRANSHIP

We all know that vaccines are precious and urgently needed.
Without no doubt, vaccines are shipped by airplane.

38

VACCINE
E TRANSHIPVACCINEE TRANSHIPThee deliveryy off vacciness iss nott easy..

The
e conditionss off thee vaccine’ss transportationn aree veryy strict.

In addition to transportation, it is also necessary to meet the nationallaws and regulations.

"Temperature control" during transportation is very important because

MET

vaccine preservation requires certain temperature conditions to
Don't forget to prepare some relevant documents to pass customs

maintain its effectiveness.

inspections smoothly.

Conclusion

M

1

T

Ɣ No gender discrimination about distribution2

Ɣ The vulnerable groups found are the elderly, people withtechnological limitations and people living in remote areas.
Ɣ Each country must help each other and make the rightW
3
T

policies

Thankk you
u forr yourr listening
g!

4

F

Referencee‫ڹ‬Referencee‫ ڹ‬Malaysians in Covid lockdown fly white flags to ask for help
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57717214

Covid: Malaysia lifts emergency restrictions while Covid cases are still
high, sparks anger https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-57719541‫ڹ‬

Covid-19: WHO says Covax program faces crisis, and poorer countries
run out of vaccines https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world57563750‫ڹ‬

Covid-19: WHO warns developed countries that hoarding vaccines willcause "catastrophic moral failure"https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world-55717593‫ڹ‬

Kikuchi S, Kitao S, Mikoshiba M. Who suffers from the COVID-19
shocks? Labor market heterogeneity and welfare consequences inJapan[J]. Covid Economics, 2020, 40: 76-114.

‫ڹ‬News Paper Content : Gender structure of overall medical staff
https://www.exam.gov.tw/NHRF/News_EpaperContent.aspx?n=3778&s=43452&type=
A22859B204186560‫ ڹ‬Prime minister office of Japan (2021) singata corona wakuchin no sukejyu-ru ni tuite[About the Covid 19 vaccination schedule] Retrieved fromhttps://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/headline/kansensho/vaccine_supply.html‫ڹ‬Sifat R.I. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence in
Bangladesh. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020 Oct;53:102393. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102393.
Epub 2020 Sep 1.

‫ ڹ‬The group rescuing pets orphaned by Covid in Indonesia
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58082216

39

M

Vacciness Acquisition

Appendixx 1

1• Many countries get vaccines mostly through purchase or be donated.
T

Country

Acquisition

PURCHASE

DONATED
2

Japan

Q&A
A session

W

Malaysia
ThailandT

3

Indonesia
Bangladesh

F

TaiwanAppendixx 2

Vaccine Distribution• Duee too eachh country'ss policy,, thee wayy off administeringg vaccinee willl bee different..
Distribution

Country

PublicexpenseOwn
expenseDistribution

Country

Japan

Japan

Malaysia

Malaysia

ThailandThailandIndonesia

Indonesia

Bangladesh

Bangladesh

TaiwanTaiwanChoose1

Can’t choose
2

3

4

40

4

Elderly Vulnerability During
Covid-19: A Comparison
and Recommendations

OutlineJi Xinyu (China)
Riovanni Francinni - Satya Nugraha - Sobran Jamil (Indonesia)
Lin Yen-Hua (Taiwan)
Tan Lee Hang (Malaysia)
Assadet Sermsook - Ramita Mukteab(Thailand)•

Genera l condition of elderly•

How they vulnera ble in your country•

Wha t a lrea dy be done for them in currents itua tion?
•

Wha t ca n we do to ma ke them les s vulnera ble?

1

2

INDONESIAa. According to Statistics Indonesia, the number of elderly people in Indonesia
is expected to increase by around 10 percent by 2020 and around 20 percent
by 2024.
b. This group is vulnerable to poverty and is not enjoying a decent level of
welfare.

General condition ofElderly

Issuesa. Difficulty accessing health infrastructureb. Limited or no access to livelihood and income (TNP2K, 2020)c. They generally become less productive and experience a decline in, or even a loss of
incomed. Only 2% elderly in Indonesia benefit from non-contributory social protection or social
assistance schemes.
https://smeru.or.id/en/content/situation-elderly-indonesia-and-access-social-protection-programs-secondary-data-analysis
Tim Nasional Percepatan Policy Brief: Penanggulangan Kemiskinan (2020). Elderly Vulnerability and Social Protection during Covid-19 Pandemi. http://www.tnp2k.go.id/

3

4

Malaysia

TaiwanThe most vulnerable group:
Elderly

The Most vulnerable

Why are they vulnerable:-Elderly people-In Malaysia, digital application is mainly used to easily track the Covid cases
and reduce the chance of physical contact.

Why are they vulnerable?

-Therefore, the elder that especially don’t have family along is harder to deal
with those new-technology because lack of knowledge.

-don’t know how to use the electronic products-cannot recognize words-live alone
5

6

41

Malaysia

Thailand

What had been done for vulnerable group in Malaysia:-

Government provide physical registration station for each area.

-

For digital check-in, the shop assistant was asked to help and guide the elder when theelder need to check-in with their cell-phone.

(1)

The vulnerability group : People who lack of technology(2)

Because of Thai government provide information and COVID19 management via
applications and social-media(3)[ Especially poor people and older people in the local area ]When the economic crisis, they will impact to lack of information during covid-19.
Because it will hard for them to receive some emergency information than rich people

.

7

8

China

Strengthen

1. Who are the most vulnerable in your society?
Ɣ
Elderly people over 60 years old

Local government

2. Why are they vulnerable?
Ɣ ࠙No targeted vaccineࠚClinical trial data on vaccines for the elderly are
currently inadequate, and vaccines that are effective for the elderly have yet

Responsible for and surveying the
population of their own area

to be studied.

Ɣ ࠙Not being taken seriouslyࠚNot classified as a priority vaccinationThe
use of
Internet

Report to center government

population, but with the potential to exceed the risk of infection inadolescents.(Limit the first phase of vaccination to those aged 18 to 59 years.)

9

10

China
3. What can you do to make them less vulnerable?
Ɣ Accelerate the development of targeted vaccines that are effective in older
populations. Include people under 60 years old in vaccinations as soon as

Recommendation

possible.
Ɣ Attention to the risk of infection in the elderly under 60 years of age.
Enhance risk management of COVID-19 in older people.

11

12

42

Key Strategies

Short term (Pandemic era)Long Term

Ɣ Optimizing basic need supportƔ Vaccine equally distributed forolder adultƔ Accurate information resourceƔ Developing tech “smart home”
for elderlyƔ Adequate old-age insuranceƔ Comprehensive and integrated
with other programs and sector

Thank you

13

14

43

Content Outline
Technology and Inequality
in Covid 19 pandemic

01 Introduction

Group 3

02 Case Study(Indonesia, Japan,
Malaysia, Taiwan,
Thailand)Nurfarihan Samaair
Napat Luadsakul
Theeradon Pattarawatin
Liu Yi-Hsuan
Gam Li Juen
Guo Xuanjin
Rahmah Yanita Kusuma
Yopi Darmawan

03 Conclusion

Introduction

Challenges

To prevent infection of Covid-19 virus andpromote the vaccination, many governments
took measures to develop applications which
can offer and share information. Theirfunctions include trace tracking, notification,
digital vaccine certification and so on.

the inequality in using
and promoting digitalproducts

PeduliLindungi is an application developedby the Indonesian Government to track andstop the spread of Coronavirus Disease(Covid-19). This application is required for all
Indonesian People who will travel between
islands in Indonesia.

Indonesia

44Challenges
Lack of correct information related to
PeduliLindungi
Economic and social issues (Not all people
have smartphones)
The unequal internet access on several islandin Indonesia
Applications take up a lot of space in theuser’s smartphone
Prone to errors in data input and inaccurate
data
The existence of internet literacy inequality
between men and women (50.5% for men
and 44.86% for women)

Japan

Covid-19 ContactConfirming Application

Vaccine Reservation
ServiceThis smartphone application enables
people to receive notifications about
the possibility of contact withsomeone infected with the novel
coronavirus.

The service is offered bymunicipalities. Therefore, thecondition is different from eachmunicipality (city, ward, town, village).

The number of download hasreached 30 million which covered
about 25% of population.

Measures of theGovernment

Challenges
Aged Society
The percentage of people
aged 65 and over has
reached 28.6% in 2021.

Foreigners
There are 2.78 million foreigners live inJapan.

Smartphone Diffusion Rate

Language Barrier

The smartphone diffusion rate of people aged
60 and over is about 80%, which is lower than
younger.
They do not know how to use applications.

There are many foreigners like
technical intern trainees can hardly
read Japanese or English. However,covid-19 contact confirming
applications have only 2 language
versions.

For the Elderly
The government announced the plan that
add 'audio explainer' and other functions
in COCOA.

45

For Foreigners
1 FRESC Multi-language vaccination
support system
2 Translations of Prevaccination
Screening Questionnaire andInstructions for Covid-19 Vaccine

Malaysia

MySejahtera

Contact Tracing

Assist the Government in managing andmitigating the COVID-19 outbreak
Help users in monitoring their healththroughout the COVID-19 outbreakAssist users in getting treatment if they
are infected with COVID-19
Locates nearest hospitals and clinics for
COVID-19 screening and treatment

Scan QR code to check inTrack the places that user
visitedCheck Status
Risk Status
Vaccination Status

Hotspot Tracker
Detect COVID-19 cases within 1km
radiusHelp public to plan their commute
Avoid non-essential travel into risky
areas

COVID-19 Vaccination
COVID-19 Immunisation Program
Vaccination Registration Appointment
COVID-19 Vaccination Digital
Certificate

46Challenges with
MySejahtera

Technology Gap for Elderly and Rural Communities
Register through:
COVID-19 JKAV website
Ring up the registration hotline
Manual registration at hospitals and clinics
Door-to-door registration
Family members can register them by using“Manage Dependents” function‘Invisible’ Communities
hard -to-reach communities, such as Orang Asli
(Aboriginals), stateless, and refugees
7 million (23 %) Malaysia’s population live in rural areas
Door-to-door COVID-19 vaccination programme
For Malaysian citizens registered with JKM(Department of Social Welfare), not necessarily with
MySejahtera
Mobile Clinic
Repurposed truck
Target on the places which couldn't access by public
transport
Target inoculate 200 settlers per day“Taiwan social distance”was invented by Taiwan AI lab,
Executive Yuan and Disease Control Agency.
The function is mainly to use Bluetooth technology to record theunidentified data of the contact object, excluding location
information. The relevant contact data is only stored on the
personal handheld device for 14 days and will not be uploaded to
any cloud service. When the user is notified that he is a infected
case, he can upload the data after the health unit obtains his
agree.

TaiwanAnd if you contact infected people in 2 meters and 2 minutes, theapplication will send a warning message to you.

USER COMMENTS”Disease housekeeper“ The Disease Control Agency andthe DeepQ team of the health care division of HTC had
cooperated to build a line @ disease housekeeper, which
has increased rapidly from 100 thousand to 630 thousand
subscribers.

IOS： 3.9/5 （4,653 comments）
Google play：3.9/5 (12,186 comments)
Disadvantage:(1)Use Bluetooth makes smartphone out of power quickly.
(2)If people forget bring their phone the application will be useless.
(3)Need infected people take the initiative to upload their data

The disease housekeeper also cooperates with thedomestic epidemic situation to increase introduction of
the virus, prevention methods, precautions for returning
people, international epidemic situation and otherconsultation functions of COVID-19, so as to provide
people with correct epidemic prevention information.

47

Coverage of Disease housekeeper
prevention COVID-19:
everything about the virus, like
information of vaccine

clarification area: forclarify some fake news.

Challenges

real-name system: use
camera to scan QR codeand sent message to 1922
to record your traces.

(1) Elderly people don’t know how to use the application.
(2)Remote Areas have no Internet to access the latest information.
(3)Because the Internet can spread information quickly, people need to tell fake information.

V-Watch area:people canreport their situation after
vaccination.

Inquire who can vaccination

flu area: find out the place tovaccination
check the pandemic of Taiwan
and some countries like USA

can know about different infectious
disease, like AIDS or Influenza A.

Mor Prom
Mor Prom is an application to access the COVID-19 service
including the vaccination records, laboratory results, and verifies
COVID-19 Digital Health Pass issued and Mor Prom is an appof the Thai Ministry of Public Health
The Function of Mor Prom

Thailand

Situation report of covid-19
Covid-19 vaccine service
Covid-19 vaccination certificate
Other services
Search for a service unit
Emergency 1669
Check the rights of medical treatment

Thai Chana
The Ministry of Digital Economy and Society revealed the details of “Thai Chana”, (Thailand Wins)a smartphone application to facilitate safety for both customers and establishments during the Covid-19
era
The businesses must register for the QR code and place it in front of the shop on the website.
Customers will log in by scanning their QR code. This can indicate whether or not the shop is congested
so that customers can determine whether to use the service or move it to another business.
Shops and utilities may be tested by the public to see whether or not they meet safety measures.
When any shop is deemed to be a health threat, customers who use Thai Chana
and who are in the shop will get an SMS notice to get a free Covid-19 check.

48

From Ministry of Public Health

Conclusion

Challenging

Each country has its way of dealing with COVID-19, but they
are all focused on the same thing: Providing as much information
about COVID-19 to people as possible and creating an application isthe easiest and most accessible innovation. However, there are stillsome groups of people who cannot access this information due tofactors such as
Lacking of knowledge to use application (elderly persons)
Unstable of application
Remote area ( lacking of internet signal)

The application is unstable
The group of people who have no smartphone (Elderly person)
Lack of Internet access (Remote Area) , people low income.

Any questions
or comments?

49

VACCINE DISTRIBUTION DIFFERENCES
AMONG COUNTRIES:CHINA, INDONESIA, JAPAN,
MALAYSIA, THAILAND AND TAIWAN

Who arethe most
vulnerable?

• MFU: Kasma Mahamad & Kingkarn Tepkan• NKUST: LI, GENG-JIA• UTAR: Ng Pei Yee• KU: SUN Chang & Hirashima Aiko
• UGM: Annisa'i Rohimah & Nurdina Wahyu Hidayati
Advisors: Uki Noviana (UGM) & Tan Kok Weng (UTAR)
1

2

What can you do to make them less vulnerable?

Why
are they
vulnerable?

3

4

What can you do to make them less vulnerable?
WHO SAGE ROADMAP FOR PRIORITIZINGUSES OF COVID-19 VACCINES IN THE
CONTEXT OF LIMITED SUPPLY

5What about
vulnerability
in the world?

650

References

conclusion

https://tdri.or.th/en/2021/07/new-tactics-to-help-migrant-workers/
https://mgronline.com/qol/detail/9640000112911
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?
id=10.1371/journal.pone.0256110
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus2019/advice-for-public
Subbaraman, N. (2020). Who gets a COVID vaccine first? Accessplans are taking shape. Nature, 585(7826), 492–493.
https://doi.org/10.1038/D41586-020-02684-9
https://www.who.int/campaigns/vaccine-equity
https://new.qq.com/omn/20201218/20201218A0751M00.html
https://www.163.com/dy/article/FTM86SQV05259I38.html
http://www.gov.cn/fuwu/2020-10/20/content_5552857.htm

78References
http://www.zhishifenzi.com/depth/depth/10100.html

951

Contents

Thinking
g Aboutt Vaccineed Inequity:
Inequalityy ande off Selectedd Asiann
CaseCountries

I. Vaccine distribution difference among countries
II. Difference between access and distribution
III. Internal and external factors affecting vaccines
IV. International politics of vaccines
V. Information and disinformation
VI. Gender and vulnerability
VII.Who are the most vulnerable?
VIII.Why are they vulnerable?
IX. What can you do to make them less vulnerable?
X. Conclusion

Indonesia – Endar Kurianto, Endah Tri Wulandari
Malaysia – Nabilah Sharif
Philippines – Maria Clavelia Domingo
Taiwan – CHEN LI-KAI, WU SHU-AN
Thailand – Lekzin Tobgyel, Areeya Adam

2

Vaccine distribution difference among
countries
COUNTRYVACCINE
E RESOURCESVACCINE
ROLL-OUTTARGETT
GROUP

RECEIVEDD ONE
E DOSE

MAR.2021

567.6%/46.7%

FEB.2021

5

79%/77%MAR.2021

11

48%/34%MAR.2021

10

78%/58%

FEB.2021

11

67%/56%TAIWANTHAILANDƔƔƔ

IMPORTED(BUY)
COVAX
DONATED

Indonesia has created a proper scheme to supply and distribute vaccines systematically. First thevaccines that are coming in from other countries (donations) are assessedby the ‘Committee for
Covid-19 Handling’ and the National Economic Recovery Programme from where the Vaccines get
sent to a Bio-Pharmaceutical site for inspection and analysis. After the inspection is complete, theBio-Pharmaceutical site sends it to the Provincial Health Offices around the country collaboratingwith Police and Armed forces. Then these agents take the vaccines to the District Health offices
which distribute the Vaccines to Hospitals or Vaccination centres where the patient receiving thedoseshave to register for an Electronic monitoring system for Immunization Logistics called SMILE
Indonesia. Vaccines have been made accessible and distributed to Medical Frontline workers andPublic servants first and then Children, the public and lastly the Elderly population .

TaiwanThere are 10 groups for vaccine distribution strategy in Taiwan, but focus on 3 groupsƔ Pregnant women eligible to receive Moderna vaccine
Ɣ Taiwan receive domestic covid-19 vaccine developed by Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp.
Ɣ 12 years old or above student to get vaccine on campus

V.S

MALAYSIA

Vaccinee distributionn andd vaccinee accessIndonesia

COMPLETEDVACCINATIONINDONESIAPHILIPPINES

Difference between access and distribution
Countries

3

Philippines

4

Internal and external factors affecting vaccines

The Philippines ha ve a Prioritization scheme in terms of a ccessibility a nd distribution of va ccines ba sed on 2 ma in fa ctors;
1. Geogra phic Location: Va ccines ha ve been ma de more a ccessible in a rea s with a higher ra te of infection a ndhigher confirmed ca ses of Covid 19 including a rea s with higher transmission ra tes. The Philippines ha s alsoprioritized a rea s where hospitals a re at critical stages in terms of supply and shortage of infra structure a nd
equipment.
2. Socio Demogra phic: The Philippines ha s distributed va ccines ba sed on the risk ea ch ca tegory fa ces. For exa mple
the first priority were senior citizens a bove the age of 60, Frontline service providers like hea lth professionals,
security gua rds, ja nitors etc. a nd those with underlying hea lth conditions.

Internall factors

Va ccine a ppointment is ma de through online a pplication and through the Ba rangay Loca l Government Unit for those
who do not ha ve a ccess to technology.

Ma la ysia

Tha ila nd

There is unequa l distribution a nd a cce ss to Va ccines in Ma la ysia a cross different sta te s due to politica l nepotism
and bia s between each state which ca uses increased infection ra tes a nd lower immuniza tion in severa l sta tes while
the others get prioritized first. Supply disruptions, slower rollouts, forced closure of va ccine centres a nd cance lla tionof a ppointments a re a lso major issues tha t Ma la ysia face s in terms of a cce ssibility a nd distribution which is ca using
more la g in terms of crea ting a fully inclusive va ccina tion process.
The Tha i government fa lls under the countries who ha ve crea ted a n online registra tion pla tform for ma kinga ppointments a nd getting va ccina ted but Hospita ls in different provinces which receive va ccines from the Centra l
Government a nnounce tha t people ca n get ‘Wa lk-In’ va ccina tions. The Va ccines we re made a va ila ble to thefrontline hea lth workers first, then people with underlying hea lth conditions, then the e lderly popula tion a nd la stly
to the genera l public through va ccina tion centres provided by Loca l provincia l governments in rura l a rea s a nd
ma jor provincia l Hospita ls.
5

Externall factors

1. Poor prioritisation of recipients

1. Geographical factors of the country

2. Poor appointment booking system

2. Hesitancy to take vaccines (individual
perspectives and cultural/religious beliefs)

3. Poor distribution of information

3. International politics conflict between
countries

4. Country’s political situation

4. Severity of pandemic affects people’s
perspective on the importance of vaccines

5. Lack of effective transparency incommunication

5. Anti-vaccine movement and anti-vaccine
fake news

6. Poverty

6. Global vaccine shortage

7. Corruption
652

International politics of vaccines

Information and disinformation

The World

EconomicStrength

VaccineNationalism

Demand& Supply

The richnations

To buy or to hoard the vaccine stock, purchasing more thanenoughThe poor
countries

To rely on donations and request for international
assistancePowerful
nations

To sign agreements with pharmaceutical manufacturers togarner the initial and major shares of vaccine

Disadvantaged
countries

To confront with vaccine shortage and wait until asufficient supply

DemandEnormous demand to vaccinate for the booster shot, andthe slow supply from manufacturers

SupplyNumerous of vaccines are still in development and readyto come out, accelerating to enlarge its production scale

Country

Information

Philippines

1.

1. Politicians’ misuse of the Covid-19 response tostrengthen their political profiles
2. Anti-vaccination groups offer a wide variety ofnarratives on topics such as vaccine safety,
conspiracy theories, alternative health andmedicine, and the purported origin of and curefor the COVID-19 virus.
3. Politicians promoted and even distributed
Ivermectin as a prophylaxis and treatment
citing the urgency of public health crisis while
going against scientific and legal restrictions.

Lockdown fatigue, new COVID-19 variants,
better vaccine education and outreachencouraged many to get vaccinated

1. Anti-vaccine movement and anti-vaccine fakenews
2. Salesof fake vaccination certificates

2.

Malaysia

78

Gender and vulnerability

Information and disinformation
ThailandIndonesia

Ta iwa n

Some oknums sprea d through media a bout mislea ding va ccine
informa tion, impa cting the va ccine distribution a nd rea ching
goa ls of number of va ccina ted people.
Ma in sources of Covid-19 va ccine
from officia l a ccount tha t provide
some informa tion a bout how do
Covid-19 va ccine work, kinds of
Covid-19 va ccine, why Covid-19 issa fety,contra indica tionofva ccina tion, etc

1. Set up a a rea of cla rifica tion forpeople to receive the rightinforma tion
2. Deliver the right informa tion
through the news to every citizens
3. Dissemina te right informa tion to
students
throughschooleduca tion

Mislea ding informa tion of Covid-19 va ccine from unclea rsources : People who a re va ccina ted will be positive for Covid19, People who ha ve been Covid-19 infected is don’t need tova ccina ted

1.
2.
3.

Disinformation

Three main sources of Covid-19
vaccine: (1) social media, (2) Dept of
Health and government releases,and (3) TV
Majority of the Filipinos are social
media users. Some would easily
believe false information in theseplatforms which contributes tovaccine hesitancy.

Some people believed tha t va ccine received from othercountries wa s inferior product, so they refuse to get theshotSome people believed tha t the domestic Medigenva ccine is not sa fe
Some people believed tha t va ccine will hurt ones
hea lth a nd become worthen

Indonesia

Vaccine access distribution are equal among genders.

Malaysia

Countries presented no inequality with regards to vaccine
and gender

Philippines

Vaccine accessdistribution are equal among genders, however,this is inequitable because women tend to be more exposed to
the virus and be more affected by the economic disruptions
caused by the pandemic

TaiwanFirst in Asia and sixth in the world for gender equality based ondata from the UN’s gender inequality index

Thailand

Gender is considered to be vast in Thailand but when it comesto access and distribution there hasn't been any informalities
yet

9

10

Why are they vulnerable?

Who are the most vulnerable?

1. Elderly People - They are less immune to diseases compared to younger people
and are more immobile which makes it difficult for them to accesshealth services.
2. Children - The vaccine distribution of the countries are not provide the efficientvaccine for children to make them back school as soon as possible leads to effecton children education.
3. Pregnant women - Higher risk of maternal deaths or genetically passing on thevirus to the baby
4. Low-income people - poverty
5. Indigenous people - ethnic minorities, migrants and refugees
6. People with disability - especially those who have difficulty in accessing
information and limited mobility in accessingthe vaccines.
11

12

53

What can you do to make them lessvulnerable?

Vulnerabilityy inn thee Philippiness and
d how
w to
o makee themm lesss Vulnerable.
Vulnerable groups survive mostly on their own capacities and with the help of their community
especially in times of disasters. To make them less vulnerable:
Ɣ Better government support.
Ɣ Improve access to resources and information. Vulnerable individuals have little or no a ccess toonline services due to multi-dimensional ba rriers that hinder their use of technologies.
Ɣ Continuous educa tion a nd promotion of pa rticipa tion in progra ms tha t a dvocate inclusivity.

Vulnerabilityy inn Indonesia
a and
d how
w to
o makee themm lesss vulnerable.
To make the vulnerable less vulnerable or susceptible to Covid-19 in Indonesia:
Ɣ Door-to-Door Va ccina tion
Ɣ Educa ting fa milies with elderly people a bout the Virus.

Vulnerabilityy inn Malaysia
a and
d how
w to
o makee themm lesss Vulnerable.
Pregna nt women are considered to be the most vulnerable in Malaysia beca use they weren’t
prioritized during the first 2 pha ses of va ccinations which ca used an increa sed risk of maternal deaths
during pregna ncy due to the virus (pregna nt women were eligible for va ccina tion only after 14-33
weeks after pregnancy)Ɣ The SOP procedures have to be strictly followed a nd proper sa nitiza tion has to be maintained.
Ɣ Educating people and women on the risks of contracting the virus during pregnancy is equallyimporta nt.

Vulnerabilityy inn Taiwan
n and
d how
w to
o makee themm lesss vulnerable.
To ma ke them less vulnerable, there needs to be more pa rticipation in social
movements a cross Ta iwa n through a dvoca cy of volunteerism a nd improve
media litera cy a mong the elderly popula tion.

14

13

Conclusion
Vulnerabilityy inn Thailand
d and
d how
w to
o makee themm lesss vulnerable.
Ɣ Step-up vaccine production (public and private partnership investments).
Ɣ Inclusiveness (ethnic minorities and migrant workers and refugees) through policy making
or structural changes in the government's approach to vaccinating only people who holdThai/National Citizenship cards.
Ɣ Vaccinating the younger population for achieving total ‘Herd Immunity’.
Ɣ Vaccines have to be made more accessible and most importantly affordable to everyone
without any partiality or nepotism from the government.

-

Gender-wise, there is no inequa lity. However, vaccine distribution isinequita ble considering tha t women a re more nega tively a ffected by the
Pa ndemic.

-

Va ccine hesitancy is observed more on vulnera ble groups such as those in the
low income cla ss due to la ck of a ccess to credible informa tion.

-

COVID 19 ha s exa cerba ted the vulnera bility of people who a re a lrea dy
vulnerable prior to the pandemic a s their socia l a nd economic situa tionworsens.

-

The pandemic revea ls where everyone sta nds when it comes to inclusivity.
While we ha ve achieved a lot in this a spect, the pa ndemic proves tha t there is
still much to be done in order to protect everyone not only those who a revulnerable. Governments must ma ke policies a nd structura l cha nges in orderto ma instrea m Inclusivity in every a spects. As for everyone - a wa reness,dissemina ting credible informa tion, and conscious pa rticipa tion on a ctivities
tha t promotes inclusivity a re simple mea ns to ensure tha t no one is left behind.

15

16

References

Thankk YouƔƔƔDo you have any questions?

ƔƔƔ
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,
including icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik

Ɣ
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17

Calzado Jr, R (2021). Four ways vulnerable people are left behind during the COVID-19 digita l tra nsforma tion.—and
how to a ddress it. Retrieved from https:/ / www.a sia -pa cific.undp.org/ content/ rba p/ en/ home/ blog/ 2021/ blogma vg-philippines.html (Accessed November 21, 2021)
Ca stillo M C. Is the Philippine Government COVID-19 Response Gender-Blind?[J]. 2021.
Na rva ez, Aly. (2021) “Through Her Lens: The Impa ct of COVID-19 on Filipino Girls a nd Young Women”. Retrieved
from https:/ / reliefwe b.int/ report/ philippines/ through-her-lens-impa ct-covid-19-filipino-girls-a nd-young-women(a ccessed November 10, 2021)
Depa rtment of Hea lth (2021). Covid 19 Upda tes. Retrieved from https:/ / doh.gov.ph/ (a ccessed November 4, 2021)
Sa ba helza in, MM, Ha rtigan-Go, K., a nd La rson, H.J (2021). The politics of Covid-19 va ccine confidence. Elsivier Public
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UNDP (2021). Trends in Covid-19 Va ccine Accepta nce in the Philippines a nd their Implica tions on Hea lth
Communica tion. Retrieved from https:/ / www.ph.undp.org/ content/ philippines/ en/ home/ libra ry/ trends-in-covid-19va ccine-a ccepta nce-in-the-philippines-a nd-the/ (Accessed November 21, 2021)
Ma rga rini
(2021).
Teta pSe ha tka n
La nsiadi
Ma sa
Pa ndemi
Covid-19.
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https:/ / promkes.kemkes.go.id/ teta p-seha tka n-la nsia -di-ma sa -pa ndemi-covid-19 (Acssesed November 21,2021)
Fikri (2021). Perce pa ta n Vaksina si Covid-19, Petuga s Sa mbangi La nsia di Ruma h. Re trivere d fromhttps:/ / www.berita sa tu.com/ mega polita n/ 778715/ percepa t-va ksina si-covid19-petuga s-sa mbangi-la nsia -di-rumah(Accessed November 15,2021)

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54

References
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April
2021,
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Codeblue,“Kha iry Expla ins Ma la ysia ’s Slow Covid-19 Va ccina tion Ra te”, 14 April 2021
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Ɣ
Ɣ
Ɣ
Ɣ
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November 202 )https://covid19.go.id/berita/data-vaksinasi-covid-19-update-3-desember-2021

19

20International politics of vaccines

International politics of vaccines

Individual Country

Individual Country

Indonesia is thriving to expand its cooperation internationally to provide enough
Covid-19 vaccine.
The government has broadded its cooperation by signing Memorandum ofUnderstanding (MoU) on provision of procurement between Ministry of Health and
UNICEF in order to obtain an affordable, an equal distribution of Covid-19 vaccine.

Indonesia

Indonesia and the UK are committed to support multilateral cooperation program withorganization for vaccine alliance such as Gavi, CEPI for providing vaccines.
Indonesia also have joined the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT)
Accelerator Facilitation Council.

TaiwanAllowing private companies in Taiwan to purchase vaccines on behalf of thegovernment from Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd

ThailandThe Major donors of vaccines from the International community are the United States
and The United Kingdom.
The US has donated 1.5 million Pfizer Vaccines to Thailand already but the goal isset to deliver 2.5 million in total while the UK set to deliver 415,000 doses of
AstraZeneca vaccines to Thailand among other countries like Japan, Iceland, China
and South Korea.

Visiting the United Kingdom Ministry of foreign affairs in London
21

22

55

KOBE UNIVERSITY UNESCO CHAIR:EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM 2021

COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND VACCINE DISTRIBUTION SITUATION ANALYSISGROUP 6Students:

COVID-19 pandemic and vaccine distribution
situation analysis

Pei-Ching (Betty), Taiwan
Zhi-Yi (Ivy), Taiwan
I Made Cahyadi Agastiya, Indonesia
Asnawati La Asamu, Indonesia
Benjamin Zhi Jian Tan, Thailand
Joyce Anne Lumactud, Philippines
Yara Priscilla Bule, Mozambique

Teachers:
4TH DECEMBER 2021

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kuo-Tsung Tseng, NKUST, Taiwan
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Huilung Yu, NKUST, Taiwan
Dr. Thanikun Chantra, MFU, Thailand

KOBE UNIVERSITY UNESCO CHAIR
4TH DECEMBER 2021

COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND VACCINE DISTRIBUTION SITUATION ANALYSISCOVID-19 PANDEMIC AND VACCINE DISTRIBUTION SITUATION ANALYSISOBJECTIVE:ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONSTHE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IS NOT OVER YET!

01

WHO ARE THE MOST VULNERABLE?

NEW CASES ON THE RISE AGAIN.

02

OMICRON VARIANT IDENTIFIED!

WHY ARE THEY VULNERABLE?

VULNERABILITIES: NEW AND OLD

03
HOW TO REDUCE THEIR VULNERABILITY?
KOBE UNIVERSITY UNESCO CHAIR
4TH DECEMBER 2021

KOBE UNIVERSITY UNESCO CHAIR
4TH DECEMBER 2021

COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND VACCINE DISTRIBUTION SITUATION ANALYSISCOVID-19 PANDEMIC AND VACCINE DISTRIBUTION SITUATION ANALYSIS

WHO ARE THE MOST VULNERABLE GROUPS IN YOUR SOCIETY?
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

WHO ARE THE MOST VULNERABLEGROUPS IN YOUR SOCIETY?

Senior Citizens

Women

People in rural areas

Refugees & HomelessPeopleMigrant workers

People withdisabilities and/or
disorders

TAIWAN:
Seafarers and fishermenInformal sector
workers

MOZAMBIQUE:
Refugees

Young & Middle
Aged Adults

01 Elderly
02 People with disabilities
03 Rural population

KOBE UNIVERSITY UNESCO CHAIR
4TH DECEMBER 2021

KOBE UNIVERSITY UNESCO CHAIR
4TH DECEMBER 2021

56

COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND VACCINE DISTRIBUTION SITUATION ANALYSISCOVID-19 PANDEMIC AND VACCINE DISTRIBUTION SITUATION ANALYSIS

OK SO...

WHY ARE THEY VULNERABLE?
TAIWAN:
Seafarers and fishermen are left
stranded and isolated.

HOW CAN WE REDUCE
THEIR VULNERABILITY?

01 Limited accessability

MOZAMBIQUE:
Refugees fleeing conflicts and natural
disasters are left homeless andderelict.

Access to healthcare:- Improve infrustructures- Increase healthcare resources
Vaccine scarcity:- Reduce vaccine hoarding by richer countries- Release the vaccine patents
Education- Diversify methods of information dissemination- Educate on misinformation

02 Vaccine scarcity
03 Information
dissemination

KOBE UNIVERSITY UNESCO CHAIR
4TH DECEMBER 2021

KOBE UNIVERSITY UNESCO CHAIR
4TH DECEMBER 2021

COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND VACCINE DISTRIBUTION SITUATION ANALYSISCOVID-19 PANDEMIC AND VACCINE DISTRIBUTION SITUATION ANALYSISIN CONCLUSION:
The most vulnerable tend to be people
who are elderly, have disabilities
and/or live in rural areas;
They are vulnerable because they have
limited access to healthcare centres,
vaccines and information.
To make them less vulnerable we could
improve policy, strategy andinternational cooperation.

Thank you for yourattention!
Any questions?
KOBE UNIVERSITY UNESCO CHAIR
4TH DECEMBER 2021

KOBE UNIVERSITY UNESCO CHAIR
4TH DECEMBER 2021

References

COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND VACCINE DISTRIBUTION SITUATION ANALYSIS

References

COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND VACCINE DISTRIBUTION SITUATION ANALYSIS

Thailand:The world bank (2020) Major Impact from COVID-19 to Thailand’s Economy,
Vulnerable Households, Firms: Reporthttps://www.th.undp.org/content/thailand/en/home/coronavirus.html
WHO (2020) Protecting vulnerable groups
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/thailand/covid-update-25vulnerable-populations-th
Bangkok post(2021) Thailand's elderly lag behind in vaccination drive
https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2174195/thailands-elderlylag-behind-in-vaccination-drive
Department of disease control ministry of public health (2021) Progress andchallenges in COVID-19 vaccine roll-out Thailand
https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/searo/ivd/itag-2021/day2/05thailand---progress-and-challenges-in-covid-19-vaccine-roll-out.pdf?
sfvrsn=2412ff89_5

Taiwan:Fisheries Agency, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan R.O. (2019) Fisheriesof the Republic of China. Retrieved fromhttps://www.fa.gov.tw/upload/174/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E
5%9C%8B%E6%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B.pdf
Fisheries Agency, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan R.O.C (2020) Annual
Report of Fishery Statistics. Retrieved fromhttps://www.fa.gov.tw/cht/PublicationsFishYear/content.aspx?
id=35&chk=6c7f7242-297c-47d1-8bb1-51e7c8a5961c
The Liberty Times (2021 June) Retrieved fromhttps://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/3567169
https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/3562951

Philippines:

Indonesia:

2021. Department of Health. https://doh.gov.ph/vaccines
2021. Department of Trade and Industry. Memorandum Circular 20-22 |Department of Trade and Industry Philippines (dti.gov.ph)

OCHA. (2021). Situation Update Response to COVID-19 in Indonesia As of 2
November 2021. Retrived from:https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/
files/documents/files/20211102_situation_update-final.pdf
The national team for the acceleration of poverty reduction. (2020). Lifecycle
Social Protection Assessment: Elderly Vulnerability and Social Protection during
Covid-19 Pandemic. Retrived from:http://tnp2k.go.id/download/897782904PBEngkerentananlansiaR.pdf

KOBE UNIVERSITY UNESCO CHAIR
4TH DECEMBER 2021

KOBE UNIVERSITY UNESCO CHAIR
4TH DECEMBER 2021

57

References

COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND VACCINE DISTRIBUTION SITUATION ANALYSIS

Mozambique:Krauss, Judith E., et al. "‘To prevent this disease, we have to stay at home,
but if we stay at home, we die of hunger’–livelihoods, vulnerability andcoping with Covid-19 in rural Mozambique." World Development (2021):
105757.
Salvucci, Vincenzo, and Finn Tarp. "Poverty and vulnerability in Mozambique:
An analysis of dynamics and correlates in light of the Covid‐19 crisis usingsynthetic panels." Review of Development Economics 25.4 (2021): 18951918.
“FLASH APPEAL FOR COVID-19 MOZAMBIQUE”
https://www.who.int/health-cluster/countries/mozambique/MozambiqueFlash-Appeal-COVID-19.pdf?ua=1“Covid: South Africa 'punished' for detecting new Omicron variant”
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-59442129“Travel apartheid' : U.N. chief slams global response to omicron variant”
https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/omicron-variant-response-travelapartheid-biden-covid-rcna7356“Omicron was in Europe long before travel bans on southern Africa”
https://edition.cnn.com/2021/12/01/world/coronavirus-newsletter-intl01-12-21/index.html
KOBE UNIVERSITY UNESCO CHAIR
4TH DECEMBER 2021

58

Ques�onnaireQues�onnaire
Gadjah Mada University
Kobe University
Mae Fah Luang UniversityNa�onal Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology
Universi� Tunku Abdul Rahman

59

Kobe University UNESCO Chair Educational Program 2021 Questionnaire
The Total number of returned questionnaire: 39
Gadjah Mada University, 10; National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology,5;Mae Fah Luang University, 8; Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 5; Kobe University, 11
Q1:Did the conference meet your expectations?
YES: 36

NO: 3

Comment:
Yes, because from the themes taken and the resulting discussions are able to bring up a solution
related to gender and vulnerability to the Covid‐19 vaccine in various countries.
Yes, this conference is very good and in accordance with the current conditions regarding vaccines invarious countries.
Yes. I can find out in various countries how the Covid‐19 vaccine is implemented for the community.
I thought there would be many benefits that I would get when I joined this UNESCO event and it turned
out to be true before.
This conference even exceeded my expectations.
The conferences gave me a lot of experience about the topic of vaccine distribution. Beside that, I canspread and extend my relation from another countries. I also learn how to respect each another when
we’re in a group discussion and build a good team work.
I thought this conference was only a two‐way lecture. In fact, we were grouped with friends fromvarious countries and discussed exciting topics. I am delighted to meet cool and unique friends. They
shared issues related to their respective countries, which amazed me with the differences in the
pandemic situation. Totally beyond expectation!
Overall, this conference has met my expectations, but in my opinion the time given for presentations
between groups is very little, even though the topics discussed are quite important, in the future
maybe it can be added related to longer presentation and discussion times.
This conference is very interesting because each country uses different types of vaccines according to
the policies of the local government.
I went in with no expectations. Everything was a pleasant surprise.
Yes, I think it met my expectation because despite having to communicate virtually and not being able
to meet physically, I was able to have a fruitful discussion and gain new knowledge, besides being able
to meet new friends from various countries.
All of participants worked energetically. I could enjoy group work and learn a lot of things from mygroup mate. Before joining this conference, I have set some goals to achieve. Through conference, I
could make a lot of new friends and broad my horizon.
It is more than I expected, I really learn a lot more than just topic issue.
60

The conference was great, and I enjoyed the conference so much. Everyone was so nice and friendly,
and I made some new friends. Everyone shared their own ideas and it was a nice opportunity for me tolearn from others as well as discussed with others in English. I would appreciate it if there are more thiskind of conference which I could join.
This conference 100% meet my expectation. I have already learned most of the things that I want tolearn from this conference.
I expected to learn from the experiences of other countries and gain insights from fellow students andProfessors from the other Universities. Such experience contributed to a conducive learning experiencedespite the hurdles brought by not having personal interaction, differences in time zones, andtechnological barriers.
The conference needs more discussion and time, it is a good opportunity to exchange visions among
countries.
YES, better than my expectation I enjoy and gain a lot of experiences.
Yes, the program had immensely met my expectations.
The conference actually exceeded my expectations.
This conference was exactly what I expected. I have found a new society where information can beexchanged appropriately on the scope of topic and I could present information about Thailand to theuseful for others who share information and experiences in this conference.
I had the expectation of getting opinions on COVID‐19 from other countries which this event gave mewhat I needed.
Yes, it was meet my expectations! I totally know the topic we’re discussed and the ongoing situation inthis world.
Yes, because I have never participated in this type of international activities. So, I am very happy tohave the opportunity to participate in this event.
Q2. What did you learn from the conference?

I learned how to distribute vaccines in various countries and the state conditions that occurred during
the Covid‐19 pandemic as well as the efforts that have been made by governments in various countries.
I was able to get very valuable information related to the pandemic condition and how to handle it invarious countries. The discussion session also made me understand the dangers of hoaxes or incorrect
information related to covid and vaccines.
There are many things that I can learn from this conference, especially in several countries and in ourown country.
I learned to respect each other when they were having an opinion, besides that I learned a lot about
Covid‐19 in various countries.

61

I learned that by sharing information we can help each other between countries, especially inaddressing issues such as inequality and inequity as well as gender and vulnerability in COVID‐19
vaccinations.
I learned how to think comprehensive and from several perspectives based on the topic. Beside that, I
also learned teamwork and collaboration are the keys of a group assignment, whatever the assignment,
not only in academic, but also in practice and daily live of living. Respect each other with different is an
important thing to keep a good communication.
I learned a lot from this conference. From this crisis, we need to interpret equity and equality. These
principles are different but interrelated. The projection is on the issues raised in this conference,
namely vaccination. I learned how other countries, especially in Asia, face challenges in distributing
vaccines and convincing their citizens to get vaccines, what strategies are being implemented and how
these issues impact vulnerable groups in each country. Another lesson I got, new friends, learning to
speak well, and respecting other people's opinions.
I really appreciated this conference make me feel more confident to speak english although still not
fluent enough. I also can discuss and share my knowledge, opinion, and make friends all over the world.
Nevertheless, I was little bit disappointed because my team (group 4) not too active to speak on oursmall group discussion. Therefore I sometimes feel shy to speak, afraid to make mistake about my
opinion. Even though our discussion session is very important to see our opinions from various majors
and different views in each concentration of our majors and countries. if this can be maximized, howmuch information we will get.
I learned how to respect and understand other people, build new relationships with people fromdifferent cultural backgrounds, and how to work professionally. I also learned how to handle Covid‐19
in other countries and what obstacles they experienced.
This conference gave me a lot of experience and learn about the culture of several countries.
That most countries have similar problems with COVID‐19 and solutions are not “onesize fits all”.
Everyone has different perspective about COVID 19, and it effect how people are understanding about
vulnerable groups in each presentation. Also, I realize Japan’s situation is applicable for other country.
Through group discussion, the style of COVID19 measurement is based on each country situation. Also,
the prioritization of vaccination is also highlighting the style of government.
How pandemic exposing the countries vulnerability in many sectors, like economy, social, health, andmany more. Strengthen international Cooperation is one of the long term effort to tackle many
obstacles in the future.

62

I learnt about the situation of different countries under the COVID 19 context. Vaccines are the mosteffective means to prevent and control infectious diseases. The inequality in the distribution of novel
coronavirus vaccine will cause the uncertainty in the immune level of novel coronavirus, which will thenexacerbate the global health inequality. Among the population most affected by the epidemic, thesituation of women groups is often complex and subtle. Gender inequality makes women an easily
overlooked group in the plague. Another measure of the fair distribution of vaccines is vulnerability.
People with higher risk of infection, such as health workers, should be among the top priority invaccination. Fair distribution of vaccines is particularly important to effectively control the infection
spread. If the vaccine is used fairly and reasonably, it will help stop the acute phase of the pandemic
and rebuild our society and economy.
1, Why international organizations (e.g. WHO) are unable to balance international inequalities in thenumber of COVID‐19 vaccines?
2, Who are the vulnerable groups in each country (China, Indonesia, Thailand, Japan, Malaysia,
Philippines, etc.) under the COVID‐19?
3, Specific manifestations of gender inequalities under COVID‐19 in each country.
4, Basic information on NCC vaccine by country.
I learned how each country responded to the pandemic and the issues they faced, especially invaccination.
There are a lot of things that I’ve learned from the conference. I have learned about the effects of theCovid 19 Pandemic in other countries and their status and mechanism of vaccination roll‐out. I havelearned that while there are differences in the approach of containing the virus, the situation is almost
the same especially to those countries which have scarce resources. In general, this pandemic exposes
our status when it comes to inclusivity. While we have achieved a lot in this aspect, the pandemic
showed that there is still much to be done in ensuring that everyone is protected. Governments must
make appropriate policies and structural changes in order to mainstream equality and equity in every
aspect. As for everyone – awareness, disseminating verified facts, and participation in activities anddiscussions on inclusivity are simple means to ensure that no one is left behind.
I have learnt to communicate with many people who came from different backgrounds, schools ofthought and belief.
About disasters in many countries and how to prevent and solve the problem in the current situation.
I did learn a lot about the causes of vulnerabilities over the vaccination reach during the COVID‐19
pandemic. Moreover, it did broaden my understanding of systems and implementation in the different
countries for vaccine distribution and methods executed to tackle the inequity and inequality faced
over vaccine distribution.
There are many aspects of inequality and inequity in different countries particularly in terms of Genderand vulnerability and each country has been trying to find various ways to tackle the pandemic
especially in terms of how the vaccines are being distributed and accessed. Covid does not target a
specific group, gender or category of vulnerable people but it can infect basically everyone andtherefore we have to find ways of coming together in such difficult times.
From this conference I learn many thing such as the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic that make people
become vulnerable group and also the problem of using application related to COVID‐19.
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“How to present their own country” is what I have learned from this conference. Actually, I am
concerned about my expressive and presentation skills, especially formal ones. This conference
allowed me to see the role of others in the presentation to learn the right and suitable way for me toimprove my skills.
This conference gave me perspectives on many aspects of knowledge from other university students
such as In terms of technology, logistics, it has opened my eyes to new perspectives and realized thatsolving the problem of COVID‐19 cannot be dealt with by just one field of knowledge.
What I learn from the conference is that world situation in different regions have different issues, butthere are thing behind what we see are in common. And we should trying to figure out what could we
do to assist those vulnerable left behind. Also this conference teach me cooperate with a team thatconsist with diversity people, have different site of view. This is a wonderful experience could
cooperate with them.
I learn that there are some different situations in the world but also the same conditions ineverywhere. The truth always be sad, all we knew it, but can't change it. However, I still trust that wewill go better.
In this meeting, in addition to understanding the current situation of vaccines and epidemics in various
countries, in the process of discussing with the team members of various countries, we also discovered
the importance of communication in English. We have many ideas about many things, but how to
precisely express is another question.
I had made many new friends from different countries, and I found that I can listen different accentsthan before. Moreover, I learned how to search and sort out information and created a slide by myself.
Attending the conference broadened my horizons and even made some new friends with the groupsetting. The conference has brought me many insights about how many different countries are dealing
with the Covid situation. Although the discussion about gender inequalities were not particularly
focused in the conference due to countries reporting little inequality in gender, various other issues
regarding covid such as discrimination, and other vulnerable people were discussed.
Have a big picture on the vaccination status across the Asia countries. Have a better understanding of
how the other country solve the inequality in vaccine distribution.
Teamwork
In this program, I had learn how to communicate with other people from different countries.
I learnt that vaccination progress of each country is affected by many factors, such as economic,
political, and geological (spatial). Besides, I also learnt how to communicate and work well with others
although I am not fluent in English.

64Q3. What questions were you left with after the conference?
What follow‐up did UNESCO do after this event? Whether the results of our discussion will be able tobe shared throughout the world and can provide benefits to the world if a similar situation occurs in
the future.
How does the world deal with omicron and prevent the virus from mutating?
What other actions can we take to address the problems we face today, especially the issues ofinequality and inequity, then gender and vulnerability in COVID‐19 vaccination?
With different characteristic of country around the world, how we can produce a decision to improve
vaccine distribution (equity) and also what is the role of WHO in this context?
Could this conference produce a sustainable joint project?
One big question in my mind is how to make each country can help each other to overcome the covid‐
19 pandemic when their own country is experiencing difficulties when facing this pandemic, is it
possible to make a policy that applies internationally but is easy to practice in every country withdifferent cultural backgrounds and characteristics ?
I really hope that this conference will continue with a different theme.
How to create and foster relationships between different countries in difficult times. How to initiate
idea exchanges between countries, in a more direct manner, for problem solving.
The biggest question is what I can do to make people that are vulnerable around me, less vulnerable
than they already are. This conference gave me a chance to think about many things, but it also left mewith a big question, which is what I can do and am I capable to do what it takes to make people aroundme less vulnerable during the pandemic. During the conference, I feel like I can help those who arevulnerable, but when I am writing this questionnaire, I came to think that am I really capable of doing
so. If I am not capable of doing it, what can I do to make it possible for me to be able to help thevulnerable. This kind of questions does not apply only to myself as I think other participants also think
the same. With the constraints and other obstacles, how can the individual effort be done in order tomake the world better for vulnerable people.
How to make policy which can include people in vulnerable situation. By learning and discussing about
vulnerability, this problem is complicated and need to tackle this issue.
Will the joint effort continue, or just in pandemic?
Even though we have discussed the reasons and got some results, it is still difficult for some countries
to overcome the challenges and to change their attitudes.
Actually I don’t have any question about the information we shared in our meeting.
But, I have the question about the meaning of our meeting that Will what we are discussing now have apositive effect in the future on the inequity of vaccines in various countries under the COVID‐19?
What can we do to make it more meaningful?
My main question would be: given that the issue of inequality and vulnerability is not new, why aregovernment responses still not learning from past experiences?
65

a. The last Pandemic was the Spanish flu which lasted about 2 years. I am curious what is the difference
between then and now. Considering the technological advances and considering that we aresupposedly a better world since we are now greatly concern about human rights, equality and equity –how come this Covid 19 Pandemic is harder to overcome and it may take longer for it to be completely
irradicated?
b. Is the vaccine really the answer to end this Pandemic or is it just a tool developed to manipulate
people so that certain entities can have power and wealth?
c. How can simple people hold pertinent organizations to be more accountable with the informationand services they are giving to the public?
d. Is the United Nations still a strong and effective organization to ensure that there will be no country
or organizations can take advantage of situations like this Pandemic?
How to tackle the after pandemic situation particularly for the developing countries, what will be thepolicy for them?
To evoke the future scenarios on such kinds of issues and the approaches we can implement to lessen
the impact on the vulnerabilities in the future so that no one is left behind in the worst of situations.
How can information about the pandemic and Covid‐19 be made more accessible and inclusive?
How to promote the vaccine for foreign migrants in any countries?
Is it can be a chance that we can exchange knowledge other than COVID‐19 such as International
development or some of conflict.
The third question, how could we make the group less vulnerable?
While we have some answer for this question, but how could it be implemented?
What is the outcome/impact of this workshop to the society? Will what we have discussed in theworkshop be helpful to the community? Will/How UNESCO utilize the outputs of this workshop?
Q4. What action will you take to help make your community safer?
Create a research that is up‐to‐date and can be used worldwide by publishing it that can be accessed bymany people.
Become an educator who prevents the transmission of covid starting from oneself as an example, thenconducts socialization related to the importance of health programs.
Maybe the action I can take is to disseminate information to the public regarding the importance ofvaccination for immunity against the spread of the COVID‐19 virus.
I will provide information to the public to continue to comply with Covid‐19 health protocols andexplain the benefits of vaccination and the false stigma about vaccinations they believe in.
First, we can start from ourselves and our families to participate in the covid‐19 vaccination program
then invite the wider community to participate in the covid‐19 vaccination program and explain thefacts and fake news circulating and pay attention and help vulnerable people to get the ‐19 vaccine.

66

Educate the people around me about Covid‐19 and its vaccine. The aims are to make sure the people
want to get the vaccine well, decrease the fake information about covid‐19 and its vaccine and also
empowerment the community‐based to spread the information well. Vaccination is the important thing
to make the community safer.
I will continue as a vaccination volunteer as long as needed and use my social media to share factual
information regarding covid‐19 and vaccinations.
Do more vaccinations, do health protocols, help economical sectors grow up.
As a nurse I struggle through the health sector, during this pandemic I try to educate my family first,
especially regarding the false news regarding Covid‐19 information that may harm my family. My
mother and father work as teachers and lecturers at universities, I hope that through the education I
provide, both my parents can disseminate this information to their work environment, be it students,
students, co‐workers or people they meet at work. schools and universities. small steps I can reach awider scope. this is a simple way that I do to keep my community safer.
Continue to comply with the policies set by the government by vaccinating.
Continue advocating and promoting dialogue on my social media accounts and amongst my peers andrelatives.
First of all, I think I will continue to educate myself. Education is important for an individual, especiallyabout the crucial and complex topic like vulnerability. Before I can help educate other people on this
topic, I think it is best for me to gain as many knowledge as possible so I can avoid spreading incorrect
information to other people in the society. After I gain enough of the knowledge and right information
on vulnerability, I think I will try my best to help educate other people in the society so that they know
more about this topic. Besides doing the individual efforts in order to make vulnerable people lessvulnerable and safer such as following the protocols during the pandemic, I think it is also good to
educate people. Some people feel the urge to make the community safer, but most of them do notexactly know what they have to do. If I provide them with the right information, I believe that thecommunity can be safer.
I think telling story for what I learned from this conference is important for make our community safe.
In Japan, it is difficult to hear other country situation from people who are living there. This experienceis valuable, and sharing this story connects community safe.
Inform and spread real news about vaccine, how to protect our self and family members.
First, I will keep myself safe to make my community safe, such as getting vaccinated and keeping
physical distance. Then, I will donate for those vulnerable population who could not afford vaccine.
Finally, I will help spread the word about vaccine inequity to raise the awareness of the government.
1, I will pay more attention to the elderly under 60 years old in my community group because there isless social and governmental attention to the new crown vaccine for this group.
2, I will pay more attention to the development of the corona virus vaccine for pets, so that the pets inmy community will also receive adequate attention and care. It is important to keep them away fromthe New Coronavirus and to prevent people from neglecting and harming the lives of pets.
3, I will pay more attention to the health problems of women in the community.

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Information is power. Having the right information is the first step of having an open‐mind, in this caseto the benefits of a vaccine. I can help my community by fact‐checking information on COVID andvaccines.
On a personal capacity I can contribute to a safer community by being an agent of correct information.
Information especially during a crisis can save a lot of lives. Simply sharing verified information
especially to those who don’t have any access to it can empower people to make informed decisions
and to act appropriately. And to be able to educate others, I must also have the willingness to learn
more and be responsible enough to discern useful and important information.
Furthermore, holding government offices accountable for their responses and service to the people byproviding feedback and reporting grievances through appropriate channels can contribute to good
governance and can result to better service to the people.
Lastly, simply following health and peace and order protocols can be a significant means to contributeto a safer community.
To raise awareness among the general people is very important particularly to face a pandemic like this.
So I believe my first priority should be to make people conscious about the pandemic.
I will try to make people around me get more understanding about disaster and covid‐19 distributionthat I got the knowledge from the conference.
Over the time of the pandemic, I firmly abided by the pandemic protocols to play the little effort I canto lessen the risk of convicting the virus and spreading further. Though vaccination and its
repercussions concern were widely spread and people refrained from getting vaccinated, during such atime I tried to convince my friends and family to get vaccinated and shared the benefits of vaccination.
Additionally, I too got vaccinated to contribute to the global collaboration in fighting against the
pandemic.
Make sure I wear a face mask whenever I go out, ask people who aren’t wearing masks to do so andstop the spread of false information via my own social media accounts.
Start from protect myself first and tell other to be self awareness.
For my idea, I would like to focus on giving more importance to civil society through cooperation andsupport from local governments because there are still many people waiting for help and thegovernment has not been able to reach them in time.
Promote and educate other people in term of created awareness of the dangers.
Get the vaccine injected if it is possible, that will help us have the protection.
And follow the rules, wear masks or the other prevention methods that is good to the community. Thatis the smaller things I could do for the community.
I must follow the implement public health to protect other people and myself in this moment.
As we are citizens, I think we should wear masks, wash hands frequently and avoid group activities atthis moment, also implement public health to reduce the risk of infection.
To convince those people who are reluctant or refuse to do vaccination to take vaccine. Tell them how
vaccination can help them, their family and their community.
If I find any suspected covid‐19 positive patients did not follow SOPs, I will report to the relevant
department. I will take booster dose to further improve the herd immunity.
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Q5. How did you feel during the conference?
I am amazed to see great people present the results of their discussions, the extraordinary exchange ofideas that took place at this conference.
Very happy and enthusiastic.
I didn't think I would be able to discuss with new friends from abroad. It was my first experience and I
feel very lucky to be involved in it.
I really enjoyed the conference. The conferences gave as a chance to speak up, to think comprehensive
and critical and also try to respect and see the problem from different perspective.
I am delighted and proud to gather with great people.
I feel very happy and enthusiastic because I can learn many new things related to covid‐19, I also get
new friends from various countries with whom I can discuss and exchange ideas.
Because the topic is quite tough and subjective, sometimes I feel hard to fathom all of the informationthat was given in a short period of time. I enjoyed the conference because I am interested in the topic,
but having to sit for hours in front of the laptop alone was a little bit tough for me. It was exciting tohear a lot of opinion and new information from other people from other countries, but I guess having
to hear to five or more 15 minutes presentation is something that is hard for me to do and sometimes,
I cannot help but to feel overwhelmed. Even so, I think despite feeling exhausted and worn out after
the conference, the new knowledge that I gain during the conference did make out for all the hardwork.
We had similar idea of vulnerability of each society, every group has different approach and uniqueidea. Vulnerability is everywhere: our group are proposed vulnerability about gender, elderly, people
who are living remote are. However, people in vulnerable situation are existing more and some groups
are facing serious situation.
I feel relax and excited at the same time, because of it is deliver in simple manner yet meaningful.
I felt great during the conference. Even though I had struggled for the task we need to present in theconference, but after our presentation, I felt a sense of achievement.
I feel very relax enjoy this conference. The topic is so interesting and everyone I meet in this conferenceis so kind and cute. They show their opinions positively and that makes me also feel free to share mydifferent opinions with everyone too. Also I feel the meaningful about this conference. That let meknow the different situation in every country and what we need to do to make the global environment
more better under COVID‐19.
Excited and sad at the same time. Excited because, there are good practices in the reports that can beapplied in my county. I felt sad because of the common issues our countries face and it is largely
attributable to poor government responses.

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I was honestly excited because I only have a few knowledge on Gender Inequality and I just reallywanted to gain insights and information that would be useful for our organization . I gained a lot of
insights as I listen to the discussions. The questions raised during the activity made me uncomfortable
for not knowing that much, but, it also made me realized how much more should be learned and why it
is important to know more other than the theories and concepts. Learning and understanding more isimportant because what is happening right now is real and is definitely causing greater inequality andinequity than what we had prior to the Pandemic.
The conference was fantastic. though it would have been better if it was face to face!
I felt proud to be representing the country I was assigned to during the conference, and in bringing theconcerns of the people and urging a concise resolution among the group belonging to different
countries. It was indeed a great experience to share and learn from each other to play a vital role in the
global concern.
The conference was very inclusive of various countries, people and genders covering many aspects ofInequality and Inequity for Genders and Vulnerable people which made me feel very interested as themeeting went on.
I feel scare and excited because my English quite not good at all.
I think I feel excited when I listen to other people presenting their country information and I feel I canunderstand their approach to handle problems and provide knowledge in terms of COVID‐19
management.
Actually, I feel a little be frustrated because my members and I spent lot of time to describe our own
country's condition. But seldom to compare or have a conversation. I didn't feel I get new friends thistime. And, I still appreciated that I worked with them.
I feel it incredible that I have the opportunity to join the meeting with four other countries. Although
the communication during the conversation and the wording in the report are not very professional,
there is still a lot of space for improvement, but in the end, I am also very satisfied with myperformance.
It is a great idea for lecturers and students alike to learn more about situations in countries other thantheir own and possibly achieve more networking connections.
I feel that I can speak and exchange opinions freely, of course without offence one and one’s country. I
can definitely feel the warmth.
Q6. What did you like about the conference?
I really liked the discussion that was carried out at this conference and at the end of the session thegroup presentation was very extraordinary.
What I like most apart from increasing knowledge is honing English language skills.
In this conference, I got a lot of experience that I could get from getting to know people
in several countries and understand more about the prevention that has been done by
the government related to preventing the spread of the COVID‐19 virus.
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I got a lot of friend and I has an unforgettable experience to discussion with other in
Covid Vulnerability and Inequality.
I like the atmosphere where we can share and talk about the conditions and problems of the covid‐19
vaccine in our respective countries and the solutions that have been implemented to overcome them.
I like about the discussion session, where we can meet another people from another country and alsowith different discipline. In that session, we also have a chance to speak up and tell what our country
condition and also compare to another countries.
I like small group discussion.
I am very happy when I listen to friends from other groups presenting the results of their discussions
regarding Covid‐19 in various countries, another part that I like is during the question and answer
session, here I can ask them directly what I don't know about the material they present and theyanswered my questions very well and easy to understand.
I like the conference mostly because the topic. The topic gender and vulnerability during the pandemic
is new for me, so I was really eager to learn something new. Many new keywords were introduced tome during the conference, such as equity, vaccine racism, and nepotism. Furthermore, this conference
also acted as a platform for me to think more about vulnerability in the society, so I think it is really
useful for me.
By using online tool to having conference, it enables us to meet people who are coming from diverse
countries.
The atmosphere of the conference was very lively. The opening game and the singing at the end areinteresting.
1, Free. Everyone can share their own opinion even that is so different with others.
2, Relaxed atmosphere. Although we were discussing the still serious issue of the COVID‐19, we still
focused on a relaxed atmosphere during the discussion and constantly emphasized the importance ofsmiling and not being too serious during the discussion.
I like that the conference’s program enables participants to contribute free‐flowing ideas. It is not rigid
and people can think out of the box. No opinion is seen as not worth mentioning, especially during
breakout groups and sessions in the period between the first and second conference.
I like that participants were composed of students coming from different Universities from different
countries. It provided varied perspectives and new insights on Covid 19 and vaccination roll‐out in theirown country. Having different perspectives and insghts contributed to a very fruitful discussion andtherefore provided new learning for me. Also, the opportunity of having new acquaintances from othercountries makes the conference more exciting and fun.
The sharing of knowledge and working with people from different countries was an amazing
experience.
The conference can gain the cooperation from 5 countries which have different covid‐19 distribution
and access that can exchange the advantages and disadvantages.
The idea of group formation and interacting with different nationalities was an efficient way to learn
better and comprehend in‐depth on the issue.
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I like when I got friends from many countries because I can improve my English skills.
I can meet new people from different nations and it always makes me feel excited and interested inthem because we all have our own context and background. So everything in the conference is very
useful for me to understand all of us. And this brings my new friends to me. I would like to say thankyou for this conference that made me meet her/him. And I like it!
It is very interesting and joyful, other members are very friendly so I am very happy with it.
This pros of the conference are quick, teachers and students are willing to speak out, and the meeting
didn’t take too long in a day.
This event gave me the opportunity to use English to communicate with students from different
countries. Because each country has its own accent, it sounds a bit difficult. This also make me knowthat my English skills need to be more refined.
Everyone is friendly than I though, and our group member do the great job so I can trust them totally.
It connected people far away from each other with educational background to discuss the needs of theworld, this would be difficult or not have been possible without the use of internet.
Learn a lot of things, know that how important equality is in our society Knowing the conditions ofother countries, which is great as sometimes we only focus on our country instead of taking care ofothers.
The program has given full freedom to the students to manage their work and time (between 13 Nov
and 4 Dec), which is a good opportunity/training for them to learn how to work independently and how
to be a good teammate as the same time.
I glad to know some new friends from different countries.
I like the atmosphere where all lecturers/facilitators will listen and respond to students in a fair andpolite way, both parties are respectful to each other. Attendees were also participating theconversation actively; it did give me the courage to speak out.
Q7. What did you dislike about the conference?
I haven't found anything I didn't like about this conference.
Group friends are a little passive during the discussion session.
In the conference that was held, it was very good and I gained more knowledge from the conference
that was held.
I think, over all I like it. But in the other hands, I dislike about how the group present the result. I think
its to short to present and discuss about it. The question for the group discussion also I think a build
several perspectives, so it needs to be clear.
The question and answer session was too short, although it was allowed to ask questions through thechat room, I was not satisfied because I did not have a direct dialogue with the presenter or othergroup members.
Not being able to have discussions with other groups or other people.
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The thing that kept on bothering me during the conference is the time management. Both of theconference ended much late than the actual prediction, so it took a toll on me because after attending
the first conference, I hoped that the second conference will end on time. However, it still ended later
than the predicted time and I felt a little bit uneasy about that.
It would be better to communicate face to face offline.
The linkage of the groups should be enhanced during the preparation of the meeting in small groups;
each group should not be a separate individual, discussing its own topic. This way even if the topic isrepeated it cannot be determined before the meeting officially starts.
This way, even if the topic is repeated, it will not be determined before the meeting starts.
Finally, it is possible to make good friends from different countries, not only in your own group, and tohear more different voices and ideas.
One minor difficulty was having the same schedule for discussions outside the conference days. Since
we belong to different time zones it is quite hard to get common times to have a group meeting.
The workshop part of the conference is quite difficult since everyone had to meet again several times.
It is difficult to reconvene considering that each group has at least five countries with different timezones. Usually the most convenient time is at night which is not ideal because people were alreadytired and had little energy to participate with the discussion. Also, some were not responsive to groupchat possibly because they don’t have a regular access to internet connections.
We have less time to discuss and understand the case.
I felt the time assigned to discuss was not enough, especially since the event was held virtually.
I dislike myself because I feel afraid and excited when most of student are from master degree.
In my opinion, I think silence is something I don't like. Sometimes, after we split up in the group before
presenting information from our group. Sometimes we don't know what to say and what to do next.
I'm not very good at this kind of atmosphere. However, it happens infrequently and I have tried toadapt and learn in these conditions through this conference .
Time zone is the one of them because different of timing make me confused when I am going to discusswith my group and the another ones is limiting of time because the content is interesting but we didn’t
have much time.
The two section was separate a little bit too long, it takes around one month from first meeting to thesecond meeting.
We have no certain time to meet everyone. It's hard to schedule in private.
The spread‐out conference and group discussions were less stressful but productivity could have been
increased if the conference were held in a concentrated 2 days conference.

73Q8. If we do it again, what should we change? What should we keep the same?
Overall the concept of the event was very good, all students could play a full active role in theconference. but I hope UNESCO can bring in an expert to provide comments from the results of the
discussions of each group at the end of the presentation session, so that we can find out our
shortcomings and become our improvements in the future.
We must be more compact to discuss, exchange information and find the right solution related to thecurrent global health condition.
From me, this is already very good, and more in‐depth regarding the material.
Maybe the time for small discussion in the group outside of the big discussion to be
determined in advance. Other things I think are already very good.
More participants from many countries in asia.
I think you should change the method to present the result of group discussion, add more time for thatsession and try to make an icebreaking that maybe work if the conference is in online method. You
should keep the content and the time management. Awesome.
Should changed more participants, hot topics, and various group members and should
keep the same spirit and smile.
All was good, it was just my team who were personally not too active to speak.
You have to change the time for presentations and questions and answers, if there are too many
participants, the presentation session should be divided into 2 days, for example groups of 1 to 3
presentations on the first day, each given 15 minutes of presentation and 15 minutes of question andanswer. Then the next day continued groups 4 to 6, so the discussion session can be longer andparticipants feel not bored. What must be maintained is the time break or rest time, even though it isconsidered trivial, but for me it is very important to give rest time to the participants.
Change: If the group format is maintained, guidance from teachers would be appreciated. The
time between meetings could be used to promote conversations between people or groups withguidance.
I think the committee should be more punctual on time. The estimated time for the conference to end
should be more precise so that the participants will not encounter any difficulties on setting up theirschedule for the day. The second conference was estimated to end on 12:30 p.m. but it extended until
2 p.m. so I have to reschedule my life on that particular day.
The thing that should be keep the same is how the participants’ voices are being heard during the
program. I am thankful for the committee because they gave us the opportunity to speak up before theprogram officially end. Through that, everyone can give their own opinions and thoughts about theconference and some participants might also state the points that should be improved in the next
conference. I think this is a good way of communication between the two parties, which are thecommittee and the participants.
The schedule of conference worked effectively. By making presentation, having two weeks preparation
time is enough to discuss and conclude our discussion. Also, I like style of moderator.
For some universities, the schedule was not so clear, some students they did not know what to do in
the conference.
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The presentation of each group in the final meeting should be changed from an independent report ofindividual groups to a collaborative report of linked groups
Reservations. The relaxed atmosphere of the meeting and do not carry the tension of completing thetask. Rather, each presentation is done with a desire to learn and a sense of responsibility forinternational issues.
It was really good that participants came from different universities in different countries. It provided
different perspective and insights that contributed to a productive learning experience for everyone. It
is nice to learn new things while meeting new acquaintances from different parts of the world.
For improvement, it might be better to finish the conference and the workshop in a day or two. This
would probably result to better participation as the discussion would be continuous and participants
are more focused, It is difficult to do the workshop and group discussion beyond conference time due
to technological and time zone barriers.
I think it should be offline and combination and structure need not any change I think.
It is good that we can cooperate with many countries, but next time I expect to have more time to
discuss and focus on discussion level much more than slide presentation.
We should have a “Break‐Out” room session on zoom with the other groups representing othercountries.
Should seperate the group of people between bachelor and master degree, and should keep the groupof discussion.
As I have mentioned earlier, I would like to recommend ways to avoid a boring atmosphere in themeeting, so maybe add a moderator that can clarify and suggest a course that everyone has to do. And
also I quite like discussion. Perhaps the way would be to have the moderator throw some questions
from the scope of the topic to allow the group members to have more conversation and discussion.
Maybe not for one month, but two weeks or force us to meet and discuss.
I really want to join it on physical because it will be more funny than it’s only a online course.
Perhaps, this event lasted for three weeks, everyone did not have the active discussion as expected. I
also knew that the students who participated in the last year had a little more time to respond, but I
think one to two weeks is almost the same!
I think the first time we had the meeting can have more time to familiar with each other in the group.
1‐2 Ice breaking games could help the students get to know one another better and can help teamworkin the tasks. The group setting idea is a great idea.
I think the ice‐breaking can be more interesting.
The assignment was a bit heavy. Maybe instead of presenting, students may speak out their opinion
freely.
Q9. If you have other comments, please feel free to write them here.
This conference is a very good event, it will be more fun if you can meet all the participants face to
face.
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Kobe University
Gender Equality Oﬃce
TEL 078-803-5017，5471
URL h�p://www.oﬃce.kobe-u.ac.jp/opge-kyodo-sankaku/
E-mail gnrl-unesco@oﬃce.kobe-u.ac.jp