Supplement file 1 Search strategy
Ichushi-Web#1

NDB/AL and (data/TA or information/TA or (database/TH or database/AL))#2(nation/TA or Japan/TA) and (health/TA or insurance/TA or administrative/TA) and claim/TA#3(nation/TA or Japan/TA) and claim/TA and database/TA#4national database/AL or national claims database/AL(claims data/TA or specific health checkups/TA or specific health guidance/TA) and (database/TH or#5

database/AL)#6#1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5#7

JMDC/AL#8

Japan Medical Data Center/AL or (Japan/TA and medical/TA and data/TA and center/TA)#9

employ/TA and health/TA and insurance/TA#10 #7 or #8 or #9#11 MDV/AL and (data/TA or information/TA or (database/TH or database/AL))#12 Medical Data Vision/AL or Medical･Data･Vision/AL#13 #11 or #12#14 KDB/AL or kokuho database/AL or (Kokuho/TA and database/TA)#15#16((public health insurance/TH or public health insurance/AL) or health insurance/TA or medical insurance/TAor community insurance/TA) and (database/TH or database/AL)(Kokuho/TA or Shaho/TA or Kempo/TA or Kenpo/TA) and (data/TA orinformation/TA or (database/TH or
database/AL))#17 #14 or #15 or #16#18((insurance claim/TH or claim/AL) or health insurance claim/AL or insurance claim/AL or claim/AL or (healthinsurance/TH or health insurance/AL)) and (data/TA or information/TA or (database/TH or database/AL))#19 health/TA and (insurance/TA or administrative/TA) and claim/TA#20 #18 or #19#21 (DPC/TA or PDPS/TA or DRG/TA) and (data/TA or information/TA or (database/TH or database/AL))(Diagnosis Procedure Combination／Per-Diem Payment System/TH or Per-Diem Payment System/AL or#22 Diagnosis Procedure Combination/AL or Diagnosis Group/AL or Disease by Diagnosis/AL) and (data/TA orinformation/TA or (database/TH or database/AL))#23 (diagnos/TA and procedure/TA and combination/TA) or (diagnos/TA and related/TA and groups/TA)#24 #21 or #22 or #23#25 medical/TA and electronic/TA and claim/TA#26 #6 or #10 or #13 or #17 or #20 or #24 or #25#27 (#26) and (PT=Article)#28 (#26) and (PT=Review)#29 (#26) and (PT=Commentary)#30 (#26) and (PT=Conference Abstract)※Search was conducted in Japanese (translated into English for submission).
1 NDB.mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)

MEDLINE

2 (nation$ adj5 insurance adj2 claim?).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)
3 1 or 2

4 (JMDC or (employ$ adj2 health adj1 insurance)).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)

5 (Japan adj1 medical adj1 data adj1 center).mp. or (Japan adj1 medical adj1 data adj1 center).in.
6 4 or 5

7 (MDV or (medical adj1 data adj1 vision)).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)
8 (medical adj1 data adj1 vision).in.
9 7 or 8

10 (KDB.mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)) or (Kokuho adj1 database?).mp.
11 ((DPC and database?) or PDPS).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)

12 (diagnos$ adj1 procedure$ adj1 combination).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)
13 (diagno$ adj1 related adj1 groups).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)

14 (per-diem adj1 payment adj1 system).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)
15 diagnosis-related groups.sh. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)
16 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15
17((medical or health or healthcare or administrative or insurance) adj5 claim?).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or
Japan.in.)

18 (claim? adj1 (data or database)).mp. and (Japan$.mp. or Japan.in.)
19(administrative claims, healthcare or insurance claim reporting or insurance claim review).sh. and (Japan$.mp.
or Japan.in.)                       20 (nationwide adj1 database adj5 Japan$).mp.
21 17 or 18 or 19 or 20

22 3 or 6 or 9 or 10 or 16 or 21

#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9

EMBASE(ndb OR (nation* NEXT/5 insurance NEXT/2 claim*)) AND japan*(jmdc OR (japan NEXT/1 medical NEXT/1 data NEXT/1 center)) AND japan*(employ* NEXT/2 health NEXT/1 insurance) AND japan*#2 OR #3
(mdv:ti,ab,kw OR (medical NEXT/1 data NEXT/1 vision)) AND japan*
kdb AND japan* OR (kokuho NEXT/1 database*)(dpc AND database* OR pdps) AND japan*(diagnos* NEXT/1 procedure* NEXT/1 combination) AND japan*(diagnos* NEXT/1 related NEXT/1 group*) AND japan*#10 'diagnosis related group'/exp AND japan*#11 ('per diem' NEXT/1 payment NEXT/1 system) AND japan*#12 #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11#13 ((medical OR health OR healthcare OR administrative OR insurance) NEXT/5 claim*) AND japan*#14 (claim* NEAR/1 (data OR database*)) AND japan*#15 nationwide NEXT/1 database* NEAR/5 japan*#16 'health insurance'/exp AND claim* AND japan*#17 'billing and claims'/exp AND japan*#18 #13 OR #14 OR #15 OR #16 OR #17#19 #1 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #12 OR #18#20 #19 AND ('Article'/it OR 'Article in Press'/it)#21 #19 AND 'review'/it#22 #19 AND ('letter'/it OR 'note'/it OR 'short survey'/it)Supplementary File 2 Study Selection Flowchart

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ichushi-Web

Identification(n = 5,668)*Removing Duplicates in Endnote (n = 3,943)
Search Date：April, 2021
Records screened titles and abstracts (n = 3,943)
Records excluded(n = 1,992)

Screening

Article screened full-text (n = 1,951) in Previous ScR
Records excluded(n = 458)

Studies using claims data(n = 1,493)
Records excluded•

Duplicates: 26•

Not Japanese population: 9•

No health insurance claims data

Not NDB studies

Eligibility(n = 1,391)
Records included(n = 59)•

MHLW data: 18•

NDB open data: 41

used: 77•

Using published open data：109•

Hospital-based (<10 institutes): 102•

Combined with primary research: 51•

Review article：40•

Others (abstract, thesis, commentary,
editorial, etc.): 44

Article screened full-text (n = 161) in This ScR

Included

Records excluded(n = 24)•

No NDB data used: 2•

Not original article: 22
Update search in June, 2023

Studies included in qualitative synthesis

Title and Abstract Screening (n = 3,198)(n = 267)

Records included (n = 130)
• MHLW data:• Full-text screening (n = 71)• Records excluded (n = 19)• Not original article: 16• No NDB data used: 2• Health checkup data: 1• Electronic searches:• Title and Abstract Screening (n = 3,198)• Records excluded in title/ abstract screening (n = 2,792)• Records excluded in full-text screening (n = 328)
• No NDB data used: 228• Duplicate: 77• Not original article: 13• Health checkup data: 9• Others: 1

Supplementary File 3 List of excluded studies with reasons
ID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

ReasonYatsuhashi 2019

[Clinical Study of Liver Disease using National Database (NDB) : Trends in the Number ofConference Report

Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B]
Sugihara 2019

Regional clinical practice variation in urology: Usage example of the Open Data of the National

Urological Notes

Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan
Iwata 2021

[Survey of Dementia Drugs and PIM and Multi-Drug Combinations Using NDB Open Data]*

Conference Report

Miyake 2015

[Characteristics of heat-illness patients in Japan : Analysis from receipt data for the past 5

Columnyears]
Iihara 2016

[Usage of Medication with Driving with Prohibition or Caution- Dose-limited drugs for the elderly Review article
should be used with caution]*

Ito 2014[NDB Sampling Dataset: analysis and significance]*

Review article

Nakamura 2014

Abnormal behavior during influenza in Japan during the last seven seasons: 2006-2007 to 2012-

No NDB data used

2013
Tsuneishi 2016

[National Database Analysis of the Relationship between the Number of Teeth and Medical Care Public relations article
Expenditures]*

Mitsutake 2015

[Effective use of National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Review article
Japan (NDB)]*

Okumura 2018

Antidementia drug use in Japan: bridging the research-to-practice gap

Letter to the editor

Okumura 2019

Prevalence, incidence, and persistence of ADHD drug use in Japan

Letter to the editor

Onishi 2020

[Report on "Research on the Appropriate Allocation of Medical Resources Based on the Road

Research report

Transportation Network"]*
Ishibashi 2020

[A Study on Methods to Grasp Prices Reflecting Changes in the Quality of Medical Care:

Research Notes

Examination of Estimation Methods and Trial Calculation Using Claims Data]*
Imai 2020[A Study on Methods to Grasp Prices Reflecting Changes in the Quality of Medical Care:

Research Notes

Statistical Measurement of the Quality of Medical Care Using Mortality Functions]*
Ruoyan Gai 2021

Estimates of inpatient costs for preterm and low-birthweight infants in Japan: An exploratory
study using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims

Working Paper

Morimoto 2019

Actual practice of standard treatment for pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis in Japan

Short communication

Seki 2015[Drug Utilization Study of Potential Drug-drug Interactions using the Sampling Dataset of the

NoteNational Database of Health Insurance Claim Information]
Suzuki 2021

Evaluation of Public Health Expenditure by Number of Teeth among Outpatients with Diabetes

Short Communication

Mellitus
Kamata 2019

Status quo of osteoporosis treatment in Japan disclosed by the National Database of Health

Short Communication

Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups: too late in treatment initiation and too few intreated patients?
Ohkusa 2018

Comparative study of preciseness in the regional variation of influenza in Japan among theBrief Report

National Official Sentinel Surveillance of Infectious Diseases and the National Database of
Electronic Medical Claims
Sakai 2021

Decreased Administration of Life-Sustaining Treatment just before Death among Older

Communication

Inpatients in Japan: A Time-Trend Analysis from 2012 through 2014 Based on a Nationally
Representative Sample
Sugawara 2020

Association of moderately abnormal behavior and administered neuraminidase inhibitors

Brief Report

Iihara 2019

Decreased Risk of Fragility Fractures associated with Statin Use in the Older Japanese

ReportPopulation: a Nationwide Case–crossover Study
Ueda 2020[Responses to obstetric bleeding: Nationwide trend survey of obstetric critical bleeding using a

English paper available

database of information such as health insurance claims and specific health checkups]*
Records excluded in update
Sasayama 2021

Trends in Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnoses in Japan, 2009 to 2019

Research Letter

TsuneishiI 2022

Use of the dental formula from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific

Review Article

Health Checkups of Japan
Ishii 2022

[Health Impacts of Climate Change]*

Special Feature

Yamashita 2022

A Trial Study by Using Medical Receipt Data to Explore the Relationship between

Technical report

Agricultural activities and Health
Tsukino 2019

[Current Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: The Multicenter Study of Miyazaki
Urological-Network Group]*

No NDB data used

Tsukino 2020

[Patient Background Factors Affecting Prescription Drugs for Male Lower Urinary Tract

No NDB data used

Symptoms: The Multicenter Study of Miyazaki Urological-Network Group]
Mori 2023[Number of amblyopia diagnoses in FY2018 based on medical receipt data]

Conference Report

Sakai 2022

[Status of life-sustaining treatment before death in elderly patients: analysis using national

Special Featuredata]*
Sasayama 2022

Trends in Diagnosed Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children, Adolescents, and Research Letter
Adults in Japan From April 2010 to March 2020

Naito 2022

Delayed diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in people diagnosed with syphilis: Note
A nationwide cohort study from 2011 to 2018 in Japan

Ishida 2022

The 2018 Japan Floods Increased the Frequency of Yokukansan Prescriptions Among Elderly: A

BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT

Retrospective Cohort Study
Noda 2022

Age-specific mortality associated with COVID-19 and seasonal influenza in Japan: using multiple Short report
population-based databases

Shida 2023

Use of National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups for

Perspective

examining practical utilization and safety signal of a drug to support regulatory assessment on
postmarketing drug safety in Japan
Tarasawa 2022

Medical resources and medical activities affect the rate of home death in cancer patients:

Preprints

Analysis by prefecture using Japanese National Database and public data
Nishioka 2022

The Age of Death in Japanese patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes: A descriptive

Short report

epidemiological study
Kanaoka 2022

Reduction in Planned Percutaneous Coronary Interventions after the Policy Change for Ischemia Letters
Assessment in Japan

Nakao 2023

Impact of a national screening programme on obesity and cardiovascular risk factors

Health checkup data

Watanabe 2022

Factors Associated With Regional Differences in Healthcare Quality for Patients With Acute

Preprints

Itoshima 2022

Regional variations in primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction Preprints
patients: A trajectory analysis using the national claims database in Japan

Kanda 2022

Machine Learning Models Predicting Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes and Mortality inPatients with Hyperkalemia

No NDB data used

Kanda 2022

Machine learning models for prediction of HF and CKD development in early-stage type 2

No NDB data useddiabetes patients
Ahmed 2022

Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on Outcomes of Aortic Valve Implantation

No NDB data used

Akada 2021

Real-world database analysis of the characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with

No NDB data used

endometrial cancer in Japan
Akada 2022

Nationwide database analysis of insomnia, depression, and sleeping pill prescriptions in

No NDB data used

hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Akada 2019

Database analysis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and treatment flow in early andNo NDB data usedadvanced stages
Akechi 2022

Risk of major depressive disorder in adolescent and young adult cancer patients in JapanNo NDB data used

Ando 2023

Seasonal exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis detected by big claims data analysis: A

Duplicateretrospective population study
Arai 2023

A disproportionality analysis of the adverse effect profiles of methimazole and propylthiouracil in No NDB data usedpatients with hyperthyroidism using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database

Arai 2022

Clinical characteristics and drug utilisation patterns in patients with chronic cough: a

No NDB data used

retrospective cohort study using a Japanese claims database
Araki 2023

Relationship between the volume of cases and in-hospital mortality in patients with cardiogenic

No NDB data used

shock receiving short-term mechanical circulatory support
Araki 2021

Prescription pattern analysis for antibiotics in working-age workers diagnosed with common cold No NDB data used

Bouchi 2022

Retrospective nationwide study on the trends in first-line antidiabetic medication for patients

Duplicatewith type 2 diabetes in Japan
Chen 2021

Characteristics of interstitial lung disease in patients from post-marketing data on metastatic

No NDB data usedbreast cancer patients who received abemaciclib in Japan
Deguchi 2021

Impact of Vonoprazan Triple-Drug Blister Packs on H. pylori Eradication Rates in Japan:

No NDB data used

Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Den 2023

Epidemiology of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Analysis of Japanese National Database

DuplicateEndo 2022

Temporal trends in clinical characteristics and in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID- No NDB data used
19 in Japan for waves 1, 2, and 3: A retrospective cohort study

Endo 2022

Intensive care unit versus high-dependency care unit admission on mortality in patients with

No NDB data usedseptic shock: a retrospective cohort study using Japanese claims data
Fujioka 2022

Association between prenatal exposure to antidepressants and neonatal morbidity: An analysis

No NDB data usedof real-world data from a nationwide claims database in Japan
Fujita 2023

Recent Trends in Treatment and Associated Costs of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A

No NDB data used

Retrospective Cohort Study
Fujita 2023

Association between lifestyle habits and glaucoma incidence: a retrospective cohort study

No NDB data used

Fujita 2023

Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on breast cancer surgery using the National

Duplicate

Database of Japan
Fujita 2023

Hypnotics and injuries among older adults with Parkinson's disease: a nested case-control

No NDB data used

designFujiwara 2021

Incidence of fractures among patients receiving medications for type 2 diabetes or chronic

Duplicateobstructive pulmonary disease and glucocorticoid users according to the National Claims
Database in Japan
Fukunaga 2023

Real-world impact of dupilumab on asthma disease burden in Japan: The CROSSROAD study

No NDB data used

Goto 2021

Late-onset development of psoriasis in Japan: a population-based cohort study

No NDB data used

Goto 2022

Influence of pharmacists and infection control teams or antimicrobial stewardship teams on the

No NDB data usedsafety and efficacy of vancomycin: A Japanese administrative claims database study
Goto 2021

Association of subsequent treated shockable rhythm with outcomes after paediatric out-of-

No NDB data usedhospital cardiac arrests: A nationwide, population-based observational study
Guan 2020

Treatment Patterns in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients in Japan Using A Large-

No NDB data usedscale Claims Database: Retrospective Cohort Study
Hagiwara 2021

A comparison of the safety and effectiveness of prasugrel and clopidogrel in younger population
undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A retrospective study using a Japanese claims
database

No NDB data used

Hattori 2022

Drug prescribing changes in the last year of life among homebound older adults: National

Duplicateretrospective cohort study
Hayashi 2022

Real-world evidence of the impact of obesity on residual teeth in the Japanese population: A

No NDB data usedcross-sectional study
Higa 2022

Inverse Association Between Persistence With Antidepressant Medication and Onset of Chronic No NDB data used
Pain in Patients With Depression: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Higa 2023

Comparative effectiveness of early initiation of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and oral No NDB data usedacetaminophen therapies on the time to knee replacement in patients with knee osteoarthritis in
Japan

Hiragi 2021

Association between the size of healthcare facilities and the intensity of hypertension therapy: a Duplicate
cross-sectional comparison of prescription data from insurance claims data

Hirose 2022

Association between nurse aide staffing and patient mortality after major cancer surgeries in

No NDB data used

acute care settings: A retrospective cohort study
Hishimoto 2022

Treatment Discontinuation Among Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Brexpiprazole andNo NDB data used

Other Oral Atypical Antipsychotics in Japan: A Retrospective Observational Study
Honda 2023

Association Between Early Surgery and Postoperative Opioid Use in Patients With Lumbar DiscNo NDB data used

Herniation: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis Using an Administrative Claims Database inJapan
Honda 2020

Age in months and birth order in infant nonfatal injuries: A retrospective cohort study

No NDB data used

Horii 2019

Determination of factors affecting medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

No NDB data usedusing a nationwide claim-based database in Japan
Hoshino 2022

Direct health care cost of treatment and medication of biliary atresia patients using the National Duplicate
Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups

Hozawa 2023

Real-world evaluation of asthma reliever therapy among continuous users of asthma

No NDB data usedmaintenance medication in Japan: A retrospective cohort study using a claims database
Huber 2020

Trends in micronutrient laboratory testing in switzerland: A 7-year retrospective analysis ofhealthcare claims data

No NDB data used

Ibayashi 2023

Estimation of the Number of Patients With Mitochondrial Diseases: A Descriptive Study Using a

DuplicateNationwide Database in Japan
Igarashi 2022

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Omalizumab for Severe Allergic Asthma in Japan Using Real-No NDB data used

World Evidence
Ikeda 2022

Acute Pancreatitis in Japan: Comparison of before and after Revision of the Clinical Guidelines

No NDB data usedIki 2022

Guideline adherence by physicians for management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in

DuplicateJapan: a nationwide health insurance claims database study
Iki 2022

Delayed initiation of anti-osteoporosis medications increases subsequent hip and vertebral

Duplicatefractures in patients on long-term glucocorticoid therapy: A nationwide health insurance claims
database study in JapanIki 2023

Real-world effectiveness of anti-osteoporosis medications for the prevention of incident hip and Duplicate
clinical vertebral fractures in patients on long-term glucocorticoid therapy: A nationwide healthinsurance claims database study in Japan

Imada 2022

Impact of robot-assisted surgery appearance on reduction of annual blood transfusion cases in

Not original article

Japan: application of meta-analysis and NDB open data
Imai 2020

Prescription of Colchicine with Other Dangerous Concomitant Medications: A Nation-Wide

No NDB data used

Survey Using the Japanese Claims Database
Imai 2020

Association of the ward pharmacy service with active implementation of therapeutic drug

No NDB data used

monitoring for vancomycin and teicoplanin: an epidemiological surveillance study using Japaneselarge health insurance claims database
Imai 2021

Probiotic prescription status of pediatric patients with otitis media receiving oral amoxicillin or

No NDB data usedamoxicillin/clavulanate from April 2016 to March 2017 using a Japanese health insurance claims
database
Imai 2021

A cross-sectional survey of hospitalization and blood tests implementation status in patients

No NDB data used

who received tolvaptan under 75 years of age using a Japanese claims database
Imai 2021

Implementation Status of Liver Function Tests for Monitoring Benzbromarone-Induced
Hepatotoxicity: An Epidemiological Survey Using the Japanese Claims Database

No NDB data used

Imaizumi 2022

Identifying high-risk population of depression: association between metabolic syndrome andNo NDB data used

depression using a health checkup and claims database
Imura 2022

Epidemiological Study Regarding the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients After

No NDB data used

Cancer Remission
Inayama 2023

Real-world practice of estrogen therapy after surgery for endometrial cancer: a descriptive study No NDB data usedusing a Japanese claims database

Inayama 2023

Hormone replacement therapy and cancer risks in perimenopausal women: A retrospective

No NDB data usedcohort study using a Japanese claims database
Inose 2022

The intended purpose and regional patterns of use of antibiotics for managing Clostridioides

Not original article(Clostridium) difficile infections: An analysis of the National Databese of Health Insurance
Claims and Specific Health Checkups data of Japan
Ishida 2021

The 2018 Japan Floods Increased the Frequency of Yokukansan Prescriptions Among Elderly: A

Duplicate

Retrospective Cohort Study
Ishikawa 2023

Risk of major congenital malformations associated with first-trimester antihypertensives,

No NDB data used

including amlodipine and methyldopa: A large claims database study 2010-2019
Ishikawa 2022

Risk of major congenital malformations associated with first-trimester exposure to propulsives: A No NDB data used
health administrative database study in Japan

Ishikura 2021

Leukotriene receptor antagonist use and dementia risk in patients with asthma: A retrospective

No NDB data usedcohort study
Ishimaru 2018

Preoperative oral care and effect on postoperative complications after major cancer surgery

Duplicate

Ishizaki 2022

Tracheostomy decannulation rates in Japan: a retrospective cohort study using a claims

No NDB data used

database
Isobe 2020

The number of overall hysterectomies per population with the perimenopausal status is

Duplicateincreasing in Japan: A national representative cohort study
Itamoto 2022

No association between hospital volume and short-term outcomes of some common surgeries: a No NDB data used
retrospective cohort study based on a Japanese nationwide database

Ito 2022

A study of trends and factors associated with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) implementation No NDB data used
for arbekacin treatment using a large Japanese medical claims database

Itoshima 2021

The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on hospital admissions for alcohol-related liver disease

No NDB data usedand pancreatitis in Japan
Jamal 2021

Quantifying Regional and Health Care Variations to Identify Ways to Improve Hemodialysis

No NDB data used

Service Quality and Survival OutcomesJi 2021

Trends and patterns in antibiotic prescribing for adult outpatients with acute upper respiratory

No NDB data used

tract infection in Japan, 2008-2018
Jin 2022

Prescription trends in anti-seizure medications for adult patients with epilepsy in Japan: A

No NDB data used

retrospective cohort study using the database of health insurance claims between 2015 and2019
Jindai 2023

Decline in oral antimicrobial prescription in the outpatient setting after nationwide

No NDB data used

implementation of financial incentives and provider education: An interrupted time-series
analysis
Jingushi 2021

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound is frequently used to treat fractures after osteosynthesis in

Duplicateelderly patients: A study using open data from the national database of health insurance claimsof Japan
Kanaoka 2022

Trends and Factors Associated With Cardiac Rehabilitation Participation: Data From JapaneseDuplicateNationwide Databases
Kanaoka 2023

Multifactorial effects of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart failure: aDuplicatenationwide retrospective cohort study
Kanaoka 2023

Hospital- and Patient-Level Analysis of Quality Indicators in Acute Coronary Syndrome Care: A

DuplicateNationwide Database Study
Kanaoka 2022

The impact of hospital case volume on the outcomes after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation

Duplicateaccording to the ablation technology
Kanaoka 2021

Current Status and Effect of Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation After Percutaneous Coronary

DuplicateIntervention in Japan
Kanazawa 2023

Sex Differences in the Association Between Hypertension and Incident Atrial Fibrillation

No NDB data used

Kaneko 2021

Rates and risk factors for amputation in people with diabetes in Japan: a historical cohort study

No NDB data usedusing a nationwide claims database

Kaneko 2022

Impact of COVID-19 infection rates on admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions:

No NDB data usednationwide difference-in-difference design in Japan
Kashima 2022

The 2018 Japan Floods Increased Prescriptions of Antidementia Drugs Among Disaster Victims

Duplicate

Katano 2021

Trends in arthroplasty in Japan by a complete survey, 2014-2017

Duplicate

Kataoka 2023

Correlation between recurrence-free survival and overall survival after upfront surgery for

No NDB data used

resected colorectal liver metastases
Kawabe 2022

Prevalence of therapeutic drug monitoring and adherence to imatinib in chronic myeloid

No NDB data usedleukemia in Japan
Kawachi 2022

A Principal Component Analysis Approach to Estimate the Disability Status for Patients with

No NDB data used

Multiple Sclerosis Using Japanese Claims Data
Kawai 2023

Patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of hormone receptor-positive, human

No NDB data usedepidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer patients prescribed cyclindependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors: large-scale data analysis using a Japanese claims database
Kawano 2021

Comprehensive Exploration of Medications That Affect the Bleeding Risk of Oral Anticoagulant

No NDB data used

Users
Kawazoe 2022

Clinical characteristics of patients with polyarteritis nodosa based on a nationwide database in

No NDB data usedJapan
Kikuchi 2022

【Current evidence and perspectives for hypertension management in Asia】Antihypertensive

No NDB data useddrug prescription trends for pregnant women with hypertension in acute hospitals in Japan
Kikuchi 2022

Trends in the prescription of anti-seizure medicines for pregnant women outpatients with

No NDB data usedepilepsy during 2016–2020 in JapanKim 2021

Variations in hip fracture inpatient care in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan: an analysis of health

No NDB data usedadministrative data
Kimura 2023

Impact of Potentially Inappropriate Medications on Kidney Function in Chronic Kidney Disease:
Retrospective Cohort Study

No NDB data used

Kimura 2021

Real-world benefits of biologics for asthma: Exacerbation events and systemic corticosteroid use No NDB data used

Kinugawa 2023

Impact of tolvaptan add-on treatment on patients with heart failure requiring long-term

No NDB data usedcongestion management: A retrospective cohort study using a medical claim database in Japan
Kobayashi 2023

Combined effects of blood pressure and glycemic status on risk of heart failure: a population-

No NDB data usedbased study
Kobayashi 2022

Survey of Anaphylaxis during Rasburicase Re-Administration in Patients with Hematological

No NDB data used

Malignancies Using a Japanese Claims Database
Kohsaka 2022

Risk-Benefit Balance of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Inhibitor Cessation in Heart Failure

No NDB data used

Patients with Hyperkalemia
Koizumi 2023

Effects of population age structure on parenteral antimicrobial use estimations

Komatsu 2022

Treatment Pattern for Advanced Gastric Cancer in Japan and Factors Associated with Sequential No NDB data used

Duplicate

Treatment: A Retrospective Administrative Claims Database Study
Komeda 2021

Comparison of Hospitalization Incidence in Influenza Outpatients Treated with Baloxavir

No NDB data used

Marboxil or Neuraminidase Inhibitors: A Health Insurance Claims Database Study
Komeda 2021

Comparison of Household Transmission of Influenza Virus from Index Patients Treated with

No NDB data used

Baloxavir Marboxil or Neuraminidase Inhibitors: A Health Insurance Claims Database Study
Kondo 2023

Prognosis in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Who Received Temporary Mechanical Circulatory

No NDB data used

SupportKonish 2023

Comparison of bleeding following gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy in patients treated with and No NDB data usedwithout direct oral anticoagulants

Konishi 2022

Association between body mass index and incidence of breast cancer in premenopausal women: No NDB data used
a Japanese nationwide database study

Konishi 2022

Association of Operative Day of the Week with the Length of Stay and Total Hospitalization

No NDB data used

Costs in Patients with Partial Mastectomy: A Nationwide Database Study in Japan
Konishi 2022

Short-Term Outcomes Following Breast Cancer Surgery With and Without Neoadjuvant
Chemotherapy: A Nationwide Administrative Database Study in JapanNo NDB data used

Konishi 2023

Impact of the National Action Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance on Antibiotic Use for Mastitis

No NDB data used

Using a Japanese Nationwide Database
Konishi 2022

Risk Factors for Postoperative Bleeding Following Breast Cancer Surgery: A Nationwide

No NDB data used

Database Study of 477,108 Cases in Japan
Konishi 2022

Surgical and obstetric outcomes of breast cancer surgery during pregnancy: a nationwide

No NDB data used

database study in Japan
Konishi 2023

Long-Term Risk of Being Bedridden in Elderly Patients Who Underwent Oncologic Surgery: A

No NDB data used

Retrospective Study Using a Japanese Claims Database
Konishi 2023

Risk factors for arm lymphedema following breast cancer surgery: a Japanese nationwide

No NDB data used

database study of 84,022 patients
Konuma 2022

Reducing Mortality of Single-Unit Unrelated Cord Blood Transplantation for Relapsed Acute

No NDB data used

Myeloid Leukemia after a Previous Allogeneic Transplantation: A Real-World Retrospective Study
Over the Past 19 Years in Japan
Koto 2021

Real-world treatment of gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia: A cross-sectional study of

No NDB data used

Japanese health insurance claims data
Koto 2023

Multimorbidity, Polypharmacy, Severe Hypoglycemia, and Glycemic Control in Patients Using

No NDB data used

Glucose-Lowering Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Health
Insurance Claims in Japan
Koto 2022

Temporal trends in the prevalence and characteristics of hypouricaemia: a descriptive study of

No NDB data used

medical check-up and administrative claims data
Kubo 2022

Tracing all patients who received insured dialysis treatment in Japan and the present situation of Duplicate
their number of deaths

Kubota 2022

Effectiveness and Safety of Reduced and Standard Daily Doses of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in

Duplicate

Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Cohort Study Using National Database
Representing the Japanese Population
Kunitomi 2021

Intergenerational comparison of 5-HT3RA in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea
and vomiting in gastric cancer patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy: an observational
study using a Japanese administrative claims database

No NDB data used

Kunitomi 2023

Efficacy of Daikenchuto in the prevention of bowel obstruction in patients with colorectal cancer No NDB data used
undergoing laparoscopic surgery: An observational study using a Japanese administrative claims
database

Kuniyoshi 2022

Regional variation in the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and relation with sunshine Duplicate
duration in Japan: an ecological study

Kurosaki 2020

Medical expenses for diabetes care in Japan: Analysis of inter-prefecture differences

Duplicate

Kusama 2021

Characteristics and limitations of national antimicrobial surveillance according to sales andDuplicateclaims data
Kuwana 2023

Cost-effectiveness analyses of biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic No NDB data useddiseases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Three approaches with a cohort simulation andreal-world data

Kuwauchi 2022

Hemodynamic Monitoring Using a Pulmonary Artery Catheter Versus the Vigileo/FloTrac System No NDB data usedduring Elective Cardiac Surgery Based on Real-world Data in JapanLi 2021

Characterising the background incidence rates of adverse events of special interest for covid-19 No NDB data usedvaccines in eight countries: multinational network cohort study

Liu 2022

High-frequency HbA1c testing among older patients with diabetes in Japan: a longitudinal

No NDB data used

analysis using medical claims data
Ma 2023

Prevalence trends of metabolic syndrome in residents of postdisaster Fukushima: a longitudinal

Health checkup data

analysis of Fukushima Health Database 2012-2019
Machida 2023

Research note changes in the number of outpatient visits in Japan during the COVID-19

Not original article

pandemic
Machida 2022

Trends in drug prescriptions for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia among adults

No NDB data usedwith non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Maeda 2021

Cesarean delivery rates for overall and multiple pregnancies in Japan: A descriptive study using

Duplicatenationwide health insurance claims data
Maeda 2022

Effect of Parenteral Energy or Amino Acid Doses on In-Hospital Mortality Among Patients With
Aspiration Pneumonia: A Cohort Medical Claims Database Study

No NDB data used

Maeda 2021

Regional Disparity of Reperfusion Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Japan: A Retrospective

Duplicate

Analysis of Nationwide Claims Data from 2010 to 2015
Maeda 2021

Nationwide temporal trend analysis of reperfusion therapy utilization and mortality in acute

Duplicateischemic stroke patients in Japan
Maeda 2022

Association of comorbidities and medications with risk of asthma exacerbation in pediatric

No NDB data usedpatients: a retrospective study using Japanese claims data
Maeda-Minami 2023

Association between Statins and Incidence of Cancer in Patients with Dyslipidemia Using Large- No NDB data used
Scale Health Insurance Claims Data

Masaki 2023

Multikinase Inhibitor Treatment Patterns for Advanced Thyroid Cancer in Japan: An

No NDB data used

Administrative Claims Database Study
Matsubayashi 2020

Prevalence, incidence, comorbidities, and treatment patterns among Japanese patients with

Duplicate

acromegaly: a descriptive study using a nationwide claims database
Matsubayashi 2022

Impact of metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease on

No NDB data usedcardiovascular risk by the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes and according to sex
Matsuda 2021

Incorporating Unstructured Patient Narratives and Health Insurance Claims Data in

No NDB data used

Pharmacovigilance: Natural Language Processing Analysis of Patient-Generated Texts About
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Matsumura 2023

Proportion of subsequent clinic visits among persons without regular clinic visits who were

No NDB data usedscreened as having hyperglycemia: A retrospective cohort study
Matsuzaki 2023

Prognosis and incidence of infections in chronic kidney disease patients with membranous

No NDB data usednephropathy enrolled in a large Japanese clinical claims database
Mimura 2023

Prescribed daily-dose-based metrics of oral antibiotic use for hospitalized children in JapanNo NDB data used

Mita 2021

An alternative index for evaluating AMU and anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Duplicateagent use: A study based on the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific
Health Checkups data of Japan
Miyamoto 2023

Real-world comparison of in-hospital complications after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
between non-antivitamin K anticoagulants and warfarin: A propensity-matched analysis using
nation-wide database

No NDB data used

Miyamoto 2023

Evaluation of Plasmapheresis vs Immunoglobulin as First Treatment after Ineffective Systemic

No NDB data used

Corticosteroid Therapy for Patients with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal
Necrolysis
Miyashita 2023

Changes in the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients from the early pandemic to

Duplicatethe delta variant epidemic: a nationwide population-based study
Miyazaki 2021

Evaluation of economic burden with biologic treatments in Crohn's disease patients: A mirror

No NDB data used

image study using an insurance database in Japan
Mizuno 2021

Differences in aggressive treatments during the actively dying phase in patients with cancer and Duplicate
heart disease: an exploratory study using the sampling dataset of the National Database of
Health Insurance Claims

Mizuno 2022

Search for Indexes to Evaluate Trends in Antibiotic Use in the Sub-Prefectural Regions Using the Duplicate
National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan

Mizuno 2022

Risk Factors for Recurrence of Peritonsillar Abscess

No NDB data used

Mizuta 2022

Effect of Postoperative Pain Management after Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Study

No NDB data used

on Reducing Hospital Length of Stay and Medical Costs Using Japanese Nationwide Database
Mohri 2023

Risk of Lactic Acidosis in Hospitalized Diabetic Patients Prescribed Biguanides in Japan: A

Duplicate

Retrospective Total-Population Cohort Study
Mori 2022

Medical expenditures for fragility hip fracture in Japan: a study using the nationwide health

Duplicate

insurance claims database
Moribe 2023

Real-world treatment patterns of novel drugs in relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic

No NDB data usedleukemia patients in Japan
Morimoto 2022

Cost-Effectiveness of Nab-Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine Versus Gemcitabine Monotherapy for

No NDB data used

Patients with Unresectable Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer in Japan
Moriwaki 2021

Economic Evaluation of First-Line Pertuzumab Therapy in Patients with HER2-Positive
Metastatic Breast Cancer in JapanNo NDB data usedMoroi 2023

Effectiveness and Safety of Reduced and Standard Daily Doses of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in

No NDB data used

Patients
with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Cohort Study Using National Database Representing theJapanese
Population
Mukai 2020

Trends Associated with Hemorrhoids in Japan: Data Mining of Medical Information Datasets and Duplicate
the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan(NDB)
Open Data Japan

Muro 2023

Utility of Blood Culture in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Propensity Score-Duplicate

Matched Analysis Based on a Japanese National Health Insurance Database
Murota 2021

Cost-of-illness study for axillary hyperhidrosis in JapanNo NDB data used

Myojin 2022

Development of a New Method to Trace Patient Data Using the National Database in Japan

Duplicate

Nagai 2021

A Claims Database Analysis of Dose-Dependency of Metformin and Incidence of Lactic Acidosis No NDB data usedin Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Nagai 2021

Effects of Increasing Metformin Dose vs Adding/Switching to Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors

No NDB data usedon Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Nagakura 2021

The significant association between health examination results and population health: A cross-

Health checkup data

sectional ecological study using a nation-wide health checkup database in Japan
Nagano 2023

Impact of the cefazolin shortage on the selection and cost of parenteral antibiotics during the

No NDB data usedsupply disruption period in Japan: A controlled interrupted time series analysis
Nagayama 2021

Medical Costs and Readmissions After Intensive Poststroke Rehabilitation: Japanese Claims

No NDB data used

Data
Naito 2022

Delayed diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in people diagnosed with syphilis: Duplicate
A nationwide cohort study from 2011 to 2018 in Japan

Naito 2022

Analysis of antiretroviral therapy switch rate and switching pattern for people living with HIV

Duplicatefrom a national database in Japan
Naito 2022

Comorbidities and co-medications among 28 089 people living with HIV: A nationwide cohort
study from 2009 to 2019 in Japan

DuplicateNakai 2022

Age-dependent association of discharge heart-failure medications with clinical outcomes in a

Duplicatesuper-aged society
Nakai 2022

Contemporary use of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure patients with diabetes mellitus: aDuplicatecomparison of DPP4 inhibitors in a nationwide electric health database of the superaged society
Nakai 2023

Impact of seasonal variation on hospital admission and in-hospital mortality of acute

No NDB data usedcardiovascular diseases; a contemporary nationwide database study
Nakajima 2022

Geographic variations in rheumatoid arthritis treatment in Japan: A nationwide retrospective

Duplicatestudy using the national database of health insurance claims and specific health checkups ofJapan
Nakamura 2022

Clinical Criteria for Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome: An No NDB data used
Exploratory Analysis of Optimal Cut-Off Values for Biomarkers

Nakamura 2023

Trends in surgical treatment for prostate cancer: Analysis of National Database Open Data in

Not original article

Japan
Nakatoh 2021

Insufficient increase in bone mineral density testing rates and pharmacotherapy after hip and

Duplicatevertebral fracture: analysis of the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific
Health Checkups of Japan
Nakatoh 2021

Insufficient persistence to pharmacotherapy in Japanese patients with osteoporosis: an analysis Duplicateof the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups in Japan

Nakatoh 2021

Insufficient increase in bone mineral density testing rates and pharmacotherapy after hip and

Duplicatevertebral fracture: analysis of the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific
Health Checkups of Japan
Nakatoh 2022

Association of pharmacotherapy with the second hip fracture incidence in women: A

Duplicateretrospective analysis of the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health
Checkups of Japan
Neshige 2023

Are patients with Parkinson's disease at a lower risk of catching the common cold? Propensity
score matching

No NDB data used

Nishioka 2022

The age of death in Japanese patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes: A descriptive

Duplicateepidemiological study
Nishioka 2020

Incidence and seasonality of type 1 diabetes: a population-based 3-year cohort study using the

DuplicateNational Database in Japan
Nishioka 2021

Association between influenza and the incidence rate of new-onset type 1 diabetes in Japan

DuplicateNoda 2022

Age-specific Mortality Associated with COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza in Japan: Using

DuplicateMultiple Population-based Databases
Nozawa 2022

Association Between HbA1c Levels and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Case-Control Study of No NDB data used
Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Using Claims Data

Oami 2022

Temporal trends of medical cost and cost-effectiveness in sepsis patients: a Japanese

No NDB data usednationwide medical claims database
Oami 2023

Mortality analysis among sepsis patients in and out of intensive care units using the Japanese

No NDB data usednationwide medical claims database: a study by the Japan Sepsis Alliance study groupOe 2021

Impact of prior cerebrovascular disease and glucose status on incident cerebrovascular disease

No NDB data usedin Japanese
Ogawa 2023

ORIHIME study: real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of 338 patients with

No NDB data usedacquired hemophilia A from a Japanese administrative database
Ohara 2021

Fracture risk increased by concurrent use of central nervous system agents in older people:

DuplicateNationwide case-crossover study
Okada 2023

A machine-learning-based prediction of non-home discharge among acute heart failure patients No NDB data used

Okada 2022

Effects of medical service fee revision on reducing irrational psychotropic polypharmacy in Japan: No NDB data used
an interrupted time-series analysis

Okada 2023

Comparative effectiveness of long-acting injectable antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia No NDB data usedin JapanOkamoto 2022

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients Presenting With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Without Cardiogenic ShockNo NDB data used

Okazaki 2022

Impact of the 2018 Japan Floods on benzodiazepine use: a longitudinal analysis based on the

DuplicateNational Database of Health Insurance Claims
Okazaki 2022

Impact of the 2018 Japan Floods on prescriptions for migraine: A longitudinal analysis using the

DuplicateNational Database of Health Insurance Claims
Okazaki 2022

Increased prescriptions for irritable bowel syndrome after the 2018 Japan Floods: a longitudinal

Duplicateanalysis based on the Japanese National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific
Health Checkups
Onishi 2023

Development and usability of a hospital standardized ADL ratio (HSAR) for elderly patients with

No NDB data usedcerebral infarction: a retrospective observational study using administrative claim data from 2012
to 2019 in Japan
Onishi 2022

Hospital-level characteristics of the standardised mortality ratio for ischemic heart disease: a

No NDB data used

retrospective observational study using Japanese administrative claim data from 2012 to 2019
Onishi 2022

Evaluating the Hospital Standardized Home-Transition Ratios for Cerebral Infarction in Japan: A

No NDB data used

Retrospective Observational Study from 2016 through 2020
Ono 2023

Risk of post-extraction bleeding with direct oral anticoagulant compared with warfarin:

No NDB data used

Retrospective cohort study using large scale claims data in Japan
Osawa 2021

Physician visits and medication prescriptions for major chronic diseases during the COVID-19

No NDB data usedpandemic in Japan: retrospective cohort study
Osawa 2023

Association of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and/or proteinuria to predict the

No NDB data usedrisk of initiation of dialysis in people with and without diabetes
Ota 2021

Association between potassium supplementation and the occurrence of acute kidney injury in

No NDB data usedpatients with hypokalemia administered liposomal amphotericin B: a nationwide observational
study
Otaka 2022

Influence of inpatient rehabilitation after crisis in patients with myasthenia gravis: A

No NDB data used

retrospective cohort study using a nationwide administrative database in Japan
Oto 2021

Transdermal Fentanyl Usage in Working-age Patients Undergoing Cancer Treatment:
Prescription Pattern Analysis Using Large Claims Data in JapanNo NDB data used

Ruzicka 2022

Characteristics of 2-drug regimen users living with HIV-1 in a real-world setting: A large-scale

No NDB data used

medical claim database analysis in Japan
Sada 2022

The prevalence, burden of disease, and healthcare utilization of patients with eosinophilic

No NDB data usedgranulomatosis with polyangiitis in Japan: a retrospective, descriptive cohort claims database
study
Saito 2022

Utilization of Dental Care and the Incidence of Dementia: A Longitudinal Study of an Older

No NDB data used

Japanese Cohort
Saito 2023

Impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on the risk of hip fracture in older patients

No NDB data usedin Japan using a nationwide administrative claims database: A matched case–control study
Saito 2023

Prevalence of multimorbidity and its associations with hospitalisation or death in Japan 2014-

No NDB data used

2019: a retrospective cohort study using nationwide medical claims data in the middle-aged
generation
Sakai 2022

Unincreased risk of hospitalized infection under targeted therapies versus methotrexate in

No NDB data usedelderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort study
Sako 2021

Hospitalization for urinary tract infections in Japan, 2010-2015: a retrospective study using a

No NDB data usednational inpatient database
Salinas 2023

Evaluation of VTE, MACE, and Serious Infections Among Patients with RA Treated with

No NDB data used

Baricitinib Compared to TNFi: A Multi-Database Study of Patients in Routine Care Using Disease
Registries and Claims Databases
Satake 2022

Real-World Data Analysis of Second-Line Antiangiogenic Targeted Treatments Following Anti-

No NDB data used

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies and First-Line FOLFOX for Patientswith Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Sato 2021

Disproportionality by sex in the prescription of drugs capable of inducing parkinsonism for the

Duplicateelderly: A survey using statistics of Japanese national health claims from 2014 to 2017
Sato 2022

Trends in prophylactic antibiotic use for tooth extraction from 2015 to 2018 in Japan: An analysis No NDB data usedusing a health insurance claims database

Satoh 2022

Actual impact of angiotensin II receptor blocker or calcium channel blocker monotherapy on renal No NDB data usedfunction in real-world patients

Sawada 2023

Cardiovascular risk of urate-lowering drugs: A study using the National Database of Health

Duplicate

Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan
Sawaki 2023

Real-world treatment patterns of subsequent therapy after palbociclib in patients with advanced No NDB data usedbreast cancer in Japan

Sawaki 2022

Real-world treatment patterns of palbociclib and blood count monitoring in patients with

No NDB data usedadvanced breast cancer in Japan
Shida 2023

Use of National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups for

Duplicateexamining practical utilization and safety signal of a drug to support regulatory assessment on
postmarketing drug safety in Japan
Shiga 2022

Long-term effectiveness of ustekinumab comparable to antitumor necrosis factor agents in

No NDB data usedpatients with Crohn's disease
Shimizu 2022

Hospital Frailty Risk Score predicts adverse events in older patients with vertebral compression

No NDB data usedfractures: Analysis of data in a nationwide in-patient database in Japan
Shimizu 2022

Hospital Frailty Risk Score predicts adverse events in older patients with hip fractures after

No NDB data usedsurgery: Analysis of a nationwide inpatient database in Japan
Shimizu 2022

Diagnosis and treatment of influenza based on health insurance claims between the 2010-2011

No NDB data usedand 2019-2020 influenza seasons in Japan
Shimodaira 2021

Clinical course of ulcerative colitis associated with an age at diagnosis: A recent japanese

No NDB data used

database survey
Shimodaira 2022

The risk of antibiotics and enterocolitis for the development of inflammatory bowel disease: a

No NDB data used

Japanese administrative database analysis
Shimokawa 2022

Current status of pediatric sedation for MRI examinations in Japan: the National Database Open Duplicate
Data and random Sampling Data analysis of outpatient clinics

Shinjo 2021

Consultation-liaison psychiatry in Japan: a nationwide retrospective observational study

No NDB data used

Shinkawa 2021

Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients with nephrotic syndrome: a retrospective

No NDB data usedcohort study

Sugimoto 2022

Trends in the prevalence and progression of diabetic retinopathy associated with hyperglycemic

No NDB data useddisorders during pregnancy in japan
Sugiyama 2022

Liver biopsy implementation rate for diagnosis of NASH in Japan analysis of big data of health

No NDB data usedinsurance claims
Sugiyama 2022

Anisakiasis Annual Incidence and Causative Species, Japan, 2018-2019

No NDB data used

Sun 2023

Association between types of home healthcare and emergency house calls, hospitalization, andDuplicate

end-of-life care in JapanSun 2023

The Effect of Home Care Support Clinics on Hospital Readmission in Heart Failure Patients in

DuplicateJapan
Suzuki 2023

No association between major congenital malformations and exposure to Kampo medicines

No NDB data used

containing rhubarb rhizome: A Japanese database study
Suzuki 2022

Dose-dependent relationship of blood pressure and glycaemic status with risk of aortic

No NDB data useddissection and aneurysm
Tajima 2021

Real-world anticancer medications for reproductive-age women with breast cancer by using a

No NDB data usedclaims database in Japan
Takabayashi 2022

Trend in prescription and treatment retention of molecular-targeted drugs in 121,131 JapaneseDuplicatepatients with rheumatoid arthritis: A population-based real-world study
Takabayashi 2022

Incidence of opportunistic infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with different

Duplicatemolecular-targeted drugs: A population-based retrospective cohort study
Takagi 2022

Dose-Dependent Effects of Amino Acids on Clinical Outcomes in Adult Medical Inpatients

No NDB data used

Receiving Only Parenteral Nutrition: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using a Japanese Medical
Claims Database
Takahashi 2022

Short- versus long-course antibiotic therapy for sepsis: a post hoc analysis of the nationwide

No NDB data usedcohort study
Takahashi 2022

Trends in strong opioid prescription for cancer patients in Japan from 2010 to 2019: An analysis

No NDB data usedwith large medical claims data
Takahashi 2023

Real-world study of next-generation sequencing diagnostic biomarker testing for patients withlung cancer in JapanNo NDB data used

Takeshima 2023

Effects of Japanese policies and novel hypnotics on long-term prescriptions of hypnotics

No NDB data used

Takeuchi 2021

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and the risk of urinary tract infection among diabetic

Duplicatepatients in Japan: Target trial emulation using a nationwide administrative claims database
Takeuchi 2021

Non-parametric approach for frequentist multiple imputation in survival analysis with missing

No NDB data usedcovariates
Takeyama 2021

Association of diagnostic delay with medical cost for patients with Crohn's disease: A Japanese

No NDB data usedclaims-based cohort study
Takura 2021

Development of a predictive model for integrated medical and long-term care resource

No NDB data usedconsumption based on health behaviour: application of healthcare big data of patients withcirculatory diseases
Tamaki 2023

Hip and vertebral fracture risk after initiating antidiabetic drugs in Japanese elderly: a nationwide Duplicate
study

Tang 2023

Budget impact analysis of comprehensive genomic profiling for untreated advanced or recurrent

No NDB data usedsolid cancers in Japan
Tangri 2023

Prevalence of undiagnosed stage 3 chronic kidney disease in France, Germany, Italy, Japan and

No NDB data used

the USA: results from the multinational observational REVEAL-CKD study
Terasaka 2023

Estimating the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment patterns of hypertrophic

No NDB data usedcardiomyopathy in Japan: A nationwide medical claims database study
Terashima 2021

Treatment patterns and medical costs after hepatectomy in real-world practice for patients with No NDB data used
hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan

Terashima 2022

Comparative analysis of medical costs after hepatectomy versus radiofrequency ablation in

No NDB data usedpatients with hepatocellular carcinoma in real-world clinical practice
Tokito 2023

Impact of Administering Intravenous Azithromycin within 7 Days of Hospitalization for Influenza

No NDB data used

Virus Pneumonia: A Propensity Score Analysis Using a Nationwide Administrative Database
Tokunaga 2021

Cost analysis in helicobacter pylori eradication therapy based on a database of health insurance No NDB data usedclaims in japan

Tomida 2023

Statin Persistence and Adherence among Older Initiators: A Nationwide Cohort Study Using the

DuplicateNational Health Insurance Claims Database in Japan
Tonegawa-Kuji 2023

Impact of Low Body Mass Index on Cardiac Tamponade During Catheter Ablation for Atrial

No NDB data used

Fibrillation
Tsuboi 2023

Differences in Parkinson's disease treatment between neurology and other departments in Japan No NDB data used

Tsuchida 2022

Large-scale health insurance study showed that antibiotic use in infancy was associated with an No NDB data used
increase in atopic dermatitis

Tsuji 2022

Trends and patterns in the practice of pediatric sedation for magnetic resonance imaging in

No NDB data used

Japan: A longitudinal descriptive study from 2012 to 2019
Tsuneishi 2021

Association between number of teeth and Alzheimer's disease using the National Database of

Duplicate

Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan
Tsutsué 2021

Economic burden in treated Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma

No NDB data used

Tsutsué 2022

Cost drivers associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in Japan: A structural

No NDB data usedequation model (SEM) analysis
Tsutsue 2022

Real-world assessment of myelodysplastic syndrome: Japanese claims data analysis

No NDB data used

Tsutsui 2023

Cost-effectiveness analysis of empagliflozin in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection

No NDB data usedfraction in Japan based on the EMPEROR-Reduced trial
Uchiyama 2022

Medical Costs Associated with Insomnia Treatment with Suvorexant Monotherapy in Japan:

No NDB data used

Results from a Retrospective Cohort Study Using a Large-Scale Claims Database
Ueno 2021

The disease burden of mucormycosis in Japan: results from a systematic literature review andNo NDB data used

retrospective database study
Uno 2023

Trends in tolvaptan prescription and the association between hypernatremia and aging in

No NDB data used

tolvaptan-treated patients in Japan: Real-world data mining using Japanese databases
Wada 2022

Significance of Ningen Dock as Screening System Through Treatment Rate of Past Diseases

No NDB data used

Wada-Isoe 2023

Non-ergot dopamine agonist therapy for Parkinson's disease in Japan: A claims database

No NDB data used

analysisWakabayashi 2023

An Attempt to Replicate Randomized Trials of Diabetes Treatments Using a Japanese

No NDB data used

Administrative Claims and Health Checkup Database: A Feasibility Study
Wakabayashi 2023

Impact of "time zero" of Follow-Up Settings in a Comparative Effectiveness Study Using Real-No NDB data used

World Data with a Non-user Comparator: Comparison of Six Different Settings
Wakasugi 2023

Prefecture-specific prevalence of overweight/obesity is associated with regional variation in the Health checkup data
incidence of treated ESKD in Japan

Watanabe 2022

Identification of the Components of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Potassium-Competitive Acid

No NDB data used

Blocker That Lead to Cardiovascular Events in Working-Age Individuals: A 12-Month
Retrospective Cohort Study Using a Large Claims Database
Watanabe 2022

Long-term effectiveness of a disease management program to prevent diabetic nephropathy: a

No NDB data usedpropensity score matching analysis using administrative data in Japan
Watanabe 2021

MIHARI project, a preceding study of MID-NET, adverse event detection database of Ministry

No NDB data used

Health of Japan-Validation study of the signal detection of adverse events of drugs using export
data from EMR and medical claim data
Yagi 2021

Current status of oral anticoagulant adherence in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation: A

No NDB data usedclaims database analysis
Yaguchi 2022

Impact of Medication Adherence and Glycemic Control on the Risk of Micro- and Macrovascular

No NDB data used

Diseases in Patients with Diabetes
Yahaba 2021

Antibiotics for hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia in Japan: Analysis

Duplicatebased on Japanese national database
Yamada 2021

Associations of Systolic Blood Pressure and Diastolic Blood Pressure With the Incidence of

No NDB data used

Coronary Artery Disease or Cerebrovascular Disease According to Glucose Status
Yamaguchi 2022

Rehabilitation services and related health databases, Japan

Not original article

Yamaguchi 2021

First-line antibiotic prescription patterns for acute otitis media in children: A descriptive study

No NDB data usedusing Japanese claims data (2014-2018)
Yamamoto 2023

Early Detection of Adverse Drug Reaction Signals by Association Rule Mining Using Large-Scale No NDB data used
Administrative Claims Data

Yamana 2021

Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in patients receiving biologic agents

No NDB data usedYamana 2022

Maoto plus neuraminidase inhibitor versus neuraminidase inhibitor alone for reducing

No NDB data usedhospitalization in older adults with seasonal influenza
Yasuda 2022

Nutritional management of ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation: A retrospective cohort No NDB data usedstudy using a medical claims database

Yatsuhashi 2021

Real-world hospital mortality of liver cirrhosis inpatients in Japan: a large-scale cohort study

No NDB data usedusing a medical claims database: Prognosis of liver cirrhosis
Yokoyama 2021

Trends and safety of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy during the initial 2-year period after

No NDB data usedgovernment approval in Japan: A nationwide database study from 2016 to 2018
Yokoyama 2023

The utility of the self-controlled study design for pharmacoepidemiological studies without an

No NDB data used

active comparator medication using a medical information database: An application to assess therisk of varenicline on cardiovascular outcomes
Yokoyama 2023

Utilization of Big Data with a Focus on Administrative Claims Database

Not original article

Yokoyama 2023

Persistence and Safety of Golimumab in Elderly Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Renal

No NDB data usedDysfunction in a Real-World Setting
Yonekura 2022

Trend in neuraxial morphine use and postoperative analgesia after cesarean delivery in JapanNo NDB data usedfrom 2005 to 2020
Yonekura 2022

Current Epidemiology of the General Anesthesia Practice for Cesarean Delivery Using a

No NDB data used

Nationwide Claims Database in Japan: A Descriptive Study
Yoneyama 2022

Comparison of laparoscopic and open inguinal hernia repair in adults: A retrospective cohort

No NDB data usedstudy using a medical claims database
Yoneyama 2023

Recent Trend of Using Computed Tomography to Diagnose Pediatric Appendicitis at the First

No NDB data used

Hospital Visit: A Descriptive Study Using a Medical Claims Database
Yoshida 2022

Changes in Platelet Counts and Thrombocytopenia Risk in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

No NDB data usedwith Different Etiologies Using Real-World Japanese Data
Yoshida 2023

Effects of 2018 Japan floods on healthcare costs and service utilization in Japan: a retrospective Duplicate
cohort study

Yoshii 2021

Association between allergic or autoimmune diseases and incidence of endometriosis: A nested
case-control study using a health insurance claims database

No NDB data used

Yoshisue 2022

Clinical Characteristics, Health Care Resource Utilization, and Prescription Patterns of Japanese No NDB data used
Patients with Physician-Diagnosed Allergic Rhinitis: A Secondary Use of Database Study

Kato 2022[Survey on BMI and lifestyle habits in Kanagawa Prefecture: Analysis based on specified health

Health checkup data

checkups]*
Iwata 2021

[Survey on dementia drugs, potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), and polypharmacy

Not original article

using open data from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health
Checkups of Japan (NDB)]*
Miyai 2021

[Implementation status of voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring: analysis of data from a large No NDB data used
Japanese health insurance claims database]Kondo 2021

[Effects of medical cost reduction for outpatient cardiac rehabilitation]

No NDB data used

Kaneshige 2022

[Study of factors related to mortality rate : Analysis using NDB open data]

Health checkup data

Sasaki 2022

[A Survey on Acne Conglobata Using a Health Insurance Claims Database]

No NDB data used

Sasaki 2023

[A Survey of Antibiotic Prescription and Treatment Continuation Rates in Acne Therapy Using a

No NDB data used

Health Insurance Claims Database]
Deguchi 2022

[Relationship between smoking rate and major health indicators in NDB open data Japan : an

Health checkup dataecological study comparing 47 prefectures and the status of Wakayama Prefecture]
Mori 2023[Number of amblyopia diagnoses in FY2018 based on medical receipt data]

Duplicate

Suga 2019[Current status of geriatric neurosurgery in Japan: Analysis using NDB open data]*

Not original article

Nishioka 2022

[Trends in the estimated average length of hospital stays and changes in hospitalization trends

No NDB data used

due to COVID-19, as reported by IKA Medias]*
Aono 2021[Prevalences of coronary risk factors in Wakayama Prefecture : Comparison to the national level Health checkup datausing NDB Open Data Japan]

Ishimura 2023

[Proposal of a drug cost reduction method based on pharmacist judgment : A case of metformin

Not original article

hydrochloride tablets]
Ishimura 2022

[Impact of Introduction of an Authorized Generic Drug Supply System on the PharmaceuticalMarket Analyzed Using Statin Prescription Data]

Not original article

Maeda 2021

[Prescription of antiviral drugs for children with influenza in Japan : a study based on health

No NDB data usedinsurance claims data]
Maeda 2021

[Analysis of the Status of Reimbursement for Home Medical Care Management Guidance andNot original article

Additional Reimbursement for Provision of Sanitary Materials Using the National Database of
Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan]
Aino 2021[Characteristics of patients newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and factors contributing to Duplicate
the onset]

Niwase 2022

[Proposal of Next-Generation Analytic Platform for the National Database of Health Insurance

OthersClaims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) Using Parallel Distributed Processing]
Tamura 2021

[Increasing Cases of Cataract Surgery with Intraocular Lens Suturing : a Study of All Cases

Not original article

Based on Open Data from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health
Checkups of Japan (NDB)]Bouchi 2022

[Fact-finding survey on diabetes drugs initially administered for type 2 diabetes in Japan:

Not original article

Analysis using the large-scale database NDB]*
Suenaga 2021

Factors related to life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in prefectures: An ecological study Health checkup datausing the National Database

Hamaguchi 2022

Study of factors related to healthy life expectancy using real world data

Health checkup data

Takeshita 2021

[Study on factors related to hospitalization period of acute cerebral infarction using NDB

Duplicatesampling data set]Supplementary File 4 Characteristics of included studies
ID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Research area/ theme

Research area/ theme-2

Disease

Disease-2

Notes on disease

Age

Aino 2021[Characteristics of patients newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's

General Data

Clinical epidemiology,

Diseases of the

Alzheimer's diseaseNo age limit/

course of diseases

nervous system

Health economics

Diseases of the

Parkinson’s diseaseNo age limit/

nervous systemand other movement

Others

Notes on age

ID used foranalysis

disease and factors contributing to the onset]
Akazawa 2018

Cost-Minimization Analysis of Deep-Brain Stimulation Using

General Data

National Database of Japanese Health Insurance Claims

OthersdisordersAndo 2023

Seasonal exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis detected by big

General Data

claims data analysis: A retrospective population study

Clinical epidemiology,

Diseases of thecourse of diseases

musculoskeletal system

rheumatoid arthritis

No age limit/

ID1 and ID2

Othersand connective tissue
Arakawa 2015

[Actual status of prescription patterns of anxiolytics andSampling data

Medical treatment status

Mental, Behavioral and Diseases of the

hypnotics in outpatients using National Database of Health

Neurodevelopmental

Insurance Claim Information and Specific Medical Checkups]
Azuma 2022

Evaluation of the Correspondence between the Concentration

anxiolytics, hypnotics

nervous system

No age limit/

ID1

Othersdisorders
Open data

Research methodology

Othersof Antimicrobials Entering Sewage Treatment Plant Influent

antimicrobial

No age limit/

concentrations

OthersType 2 diabetes

Adultsand the Predicted Concentration of Antimicrobials Using
Annual Sales, Shipping, and Prescriptions Data
Bouchi 2021

Retrospective nationwide study on the trends in first-line

General Data

Medical treatment status Health economics

antidiabetic medication for patients with type 2 diabetes in

Endocrine, nutritional,
and metabolic diseases

aged <20 years

Japan
Chun 2022

Economics of drug-coated balloons for arteriovenous fistulathose who were ID1
were excluded

Open data

Health economics

stenosis in Japan and Korea based on the IN.PACT AV accessSocioeconomic

Diseases of thearteriovenous fistula

No age limit/

comparison

circulatory systemstenosisOthers

Diseases of thedentistry

No age limit/

trial
Chwen Ni 2022

Comprehensive Assessment of the Universal Healthcare

Open data

Health economics

System in Dentistry Japan: A Retrospective Observational

digestive system

OthersStudy
Den 2023

Epidemiology of developmental dysplasia of the hip: analysis of General Data

Clinical epidemiology,

Socioeconomic

Congenital

Injury, poisoning anddevelopmental

Japanese national databasecourse of diseases

comparison

malformations,certain otherdysplasia of the hip, hipChildrenborn between
2011 and 2013

deformations andconsequences of

dislocation

and assigned

chromosomal

external causes

ID1, ID2

DDH-

abnormalities

dislocationrelated disease
codes during
2011–2018

Ehara 2017

[Current status of hospitalization of children by prefecture as

Open data

Medical treatment status

General Data

Clinical epidemiology,

Othershospital admissions

Childrenaged <15 years

hepatitis B virus,

Adults30-79 years

estimated from NDB open data]*
Fujita 2018

Hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with rheumatoid
arthritis: Analysis of the National Database of Japan

Quality of carecourse of diseases

Certain infectious andDiseases of theparasitic diseases

musculoskeletal system rheumatoid arthritis
and connective tissue

Fujita 2023

Changes in the number of cancer diagnosis practices due to the Sampling data

Medical treatment status Others

Neoplasms

COVID-19 pandemic: interrupted time-series analysis using the

Certain infectious andfive major cancers,

No age limit/

parasitic diseases

COVID-19

Others

Certain infectious andbreast cancer, COVID-

No age limit/

parasitic diseases

19

Others

Certain infectious andcolorectal cancer,

No age limit/

parasitic diseases

COVID-19

OthersNational Database of Japan
Fujita 2023

Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on breast cancer Sampling data

Medical treatment status Others

Neoplasms

surgery using the National Database of Japan
Fujita 2023

Changes in colorectal cancer treatment during the COVID-19
pandemic in Japan: Interrupted time-series analysis using the
National Database of Japan

Sampling data

Medical treatment status Others

Neoplasms

ID1

ID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Fujiwara 2021

Incidence of fractures among patients receiving medications for Accumulated data
type 2 diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease andResearch area/ theme

Research area/ theme-2

Disease

Disease-2

Notes on disease

Age

Notes on age

Clinical epidemiology,

Injury, poisoning andDiseases of thefracture (hip fracture,

Adultsaged >= 40

course of diseases

certain othermusculoskeletal system radius fracture, clinicalconsequences ofand connective tissue

ID used foranalysis

glucocorticoid users according to the National Claims Databasein Japan
Fukuda 2018

Inpatient Expenditures Attributable to Hospital-Onset

years

vertebral fractures )external causes
General Data

Health economics

Clostridium difficile Infection: A Nationwide Case-Control Study

Certain infectious andClostridium difficile

No age limit/

parasitic diseases

infections

OthersOthersanalytical dataset

No age limit/

ID1 or ID2

tablesOthersmatchedcorrection methods for

No age limit/

ID1 or ID2

medical fee revisions

Othershepatocellular

Adultsin Japan
Fukuda 2019
Fukuda 2019

[The Development of Dataset Tables for NDB Analyses][A comparison of correction methods for medical fee revisions

General Data
General Data

Research methodology
Research methodology

Othersin health expenditure analyses using claims data]
Fukuda 2020

Differences in healthcare expenditure estimates according toGeneral Data

Research methodology

Health economics

Neoplasms

statistical approach: A nationwide claims database study onmatched≥20 years ofage

carcinoma

patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Fukuda 2020

Healthcare resources attributable to methicillin-resistantGeneral Data

Health economics

Injury, poisoning andStaphylococcus aureus orthopedic surgical site infections

MRSA SSIs

certain otherNo age limit/
Othersconsequences ofexternal causes
Fukuda 2020

Healthcare Expenditures for the Treatment of Patients Infected General Data

Health economics

Certain infectious andwith Hepatitis C Virus in Japan
Fukuda 2020

Comparing Retreatments and Expenditures in Flow Diversion

Hepatitis C Virus

Adultsparasitic diseases
General Data

Intervention effect

Health economics

Versus Coiling for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm≥20 years ofage

Diseases of theunruptured intracranial No age limit/

circulatory systemaneurysms

Diseases of thechronic kidney disease, Older persons≥65 years ofgenitourinary system

end-stage renal

age

OthersTreatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using a Real-World
National Database
Fukuma 2020

Quality of Care in Chronic Kidney Disease and Incidence ofGeneral Data

Quality of careIntervention effectEnd-stage Renal Disease in Older Patients: A Cohort Study

diseaseHagiwara 2015

The effectiveness of risk communication regarding drug safety

General Data

information: a nationwide survey by the Japanese public health

Health policy evaluation

Certain infectious andDiseases of theand utilization

parasitic diseases

musculoskeletal system arthritis

insurance claims data
Hagiwara 2017

The Survey of the Compliance Situation to the Antihypertensive Sampling data

Hashimoto 2020

Short-term associations of ambient air pollution with hospital

No age limit/

ID1

Othersand connective tissue
Medical treatment status Quality of care

Therapy Guideline by Analyzing Japanese National Claims Data
Hasegawa 2022

hepatitis, rheumatoid

Diseases of thekidney disease

genitourinary system
General Data

Clinical epidemiology,

Others

Diseases of theadmissions for ischemic stroke in 97 Japanese cities

course of diseases

circulatory system

Indications and classes of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions in General Data

Medical treatment status

OthersJapan: A descriptive study using the national database of

No age limit/

ID1

Othersischemic stroke

Adultsoutpatient antibiotic

No age limit/

prescription

Othersaged <20 years ID1 and ID2
were excluded
ID1electronic health insurance claims, 2012-2015
Hashimoto 2022

Incidence of Sympathetic Ophthalmia after Inciting Events: A

General Data

National Database Study in Japan
Hattori 2022

Drug prescribing changes in the last year of life among

General Data

Clinical epidemiology,

Diseases of the eye andSympathetic

No age limit/

course of diseases

adnexaOphthalmia

OthersMedical treatment status

OthersDrug prescribing

Older persons

homebound older adults: national retrospective cohort study

2 types ofidentifiers
older adults
aged ≥75 years

changes, homeboundolder adults

Hattori 2022

National trends in gastrostomy in older adults between 2014
and 2019 in Japan

Open data

Medical treatment status

Othersgastrostomy

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

ID1

ID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Research area/ theme

Hayashi 2018

Dissemination of cognitive behavioral therapy for mood

General Data

Medical treatment status

Research area/ theme-2

Disease

Disease-2

Notes on diseaseAgemood disorderNo age limit/

Notes on age

ID used foranalysis

Mental, Behavioral anddisorder under the national health insurance scheme in Japan:

Neurodevelopmental

A descriptive study using the National Database of Healthdisorders

OthersInsurance Claims of Japan with special focus on Japan’s
southwest region
Hayashi 2019

Data regarding fracture incidence according to fracture site,

General Datamonth, and age group obtained from the large public health

Clinical epidemiology,

Research methodology

course of diseases

Injury, poisoning andfracturecertain otherinsurance claim database in JapanNo age limit/

ID0

Othersconsequences ofexternal causes

Hayashi 2019

Variation in fracture risk by season and weather: A

General Data

comprehensive analysis across age and fracture site using a

Clinical epidemiology,

Injury, poisoning andcourse of diseases

certain otherfracture

No age limit/
Othersconsequences of

National Database of Health Insurance Claims in Japan

external causes
Hayashi 2020

Higuchi 2022

How was cognitive behavioural therapy for mood disorder

Accumulated data

Medical treatment status

Mental, Behavioral andimplemented in Japan? A retrospective observational study

Neurodevelopmental

using the nationwide claims database from FY2010 to FY2015

disorders[Clozapine Use in Japan Based on National Database of Health Open data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups Open Data:

comparison

Disparities by Region, Age, and Sex]
Hiragi 2021

Association between the size of healthcare facilities and themood disorderNo age limit/
OthersMental, Behavioral andclozapine use

No age limit/
Others

Neurodevelopmental
disorders

Sampling data

Medical treatment status Health policy evaluation

intensity of hypertension therapy: a cross-sectional comparison

and utilization

Diseases of thehypertension

circulatory system

No age limit/
Othersof prescription data from insurance claims data
Hori 2022

Trends in outpatient rehabilitation practices in Japan: analysis

Open data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims Open

Otherscomparison

outpatient

No age limit/

rehabilitation

Othersbiliary atresia

Children

Data
Hoshino 2022

Direct health care cost of treatment and medication of biliary

General Data

Health economics

Congenital

atresia patients using the National Database of Healthmalformations,

Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups.

deformations andages 0 days to 4
years

chromosomal
abnormalities
Hoshino 2022

Relationship between diverting stoma and adjuvant

General Data

Intervention effect

Neoplasms

rectal cancer

chemotherapy in patients with rectal cancer: a nationwide

No age limit/
Othersstudy using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims
and Specific Health Checkups of Japan
Hosoi 2023

Relationship between antidementia medication and fracture

General Data

Intervention effectprevention in patients with Alzheimer's dementia using a

Diseases of the

Injury, poisoning and

Alzheimer's dementia,

nervous systemcertain otherfracture

nationwide health insurance claims database

Older persons

aged ≥ 65

ID 1 and 2

years

consequences ofexternal causes

Hosomi 2016

[Association of Antipsychotic Use with Extrapyramidal

General Data

Intervention effectSymptoms: Data Mining of the Japanese National Insurance
Claims Database]
Ibayashi 2021

Estimation of the number of patients with mitochondrial

General Datadiseases: A descriptive study using a nationwide database in

Mental, Behavioral and Diseases of theExtrapyramidal

No age limit/

Neurodevelopmental

Symptoms

Othersnervous systemdisorders(Antipsychotic Use)

Clinical epidemiology,

Endocrine, nutritional,

patients withcourse of diseases

and metabolic diseases

mitochondrial diseases Others

Medical treatment status Quality of care

Certain infectious andnon-tuberculous

No age limit/

parasitic diseases

mycobacteria

Others

Certain infectious andantibiotics treatment

Adultsparasitic diseases

for sepsis

ID

No age limit/

ID1

Japan
Igari 2020

A retrospective observational study of antimicrobial treatment

Sampling data

for non-tuberculous mycobacteria disease using a nationwide
claims database in Japan
Igari 2020

A retrospective observational study of antibiotics treatment for Sampling data
sepsis using a nationwide claim database in Japan

Medical treatment status Clinical epidemiology,
course of diseases

aged 15 years
and olderID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Research area/ theme

Igari 2020

Epidemiology and treatment outcome of pneumonia: Analysis

Sampling data

Research area/ theme-2

Disease

Disease-2

Notes on disease

Age

Notes on age

Clinical epidemiology,

Certain infectious andDiseases of thepneumonia

Adultsaged 15 years

course of diseases

parasitic diseases

respiratory system

Medical treatment status Quality of care

Endocrine, nutritional,

diabetic retinopathy

No age limit/

and metabolic diseases

screening

OthersOthersprohibitions or cautions Adults

25 years andon drivingolder

ID used foranalysis

based on Japan national database
Ihana-Sugiyama

Patient referral flow between physician and ophthalmologist

2023

visits for diabetic retinopathy screening among Japanese

General Dataand olderpatients with diabetes: A retrospective cross-sectional cohort
study using the National Database
Iihara 2014

[Survey of Usage of Medication with Driving with Prohibition or Sampling data

Medical treatment status Quality of care

Caution by the National Health Insurance Claims Database in

ID1

Japan]
Iihara 2016

Polypharmacy of medications and fall-related fractures in older Sampling data

Clinical epidemiology,

people in Japan: a comparison between driving-prohibited andcourse of diseases

Medical treatment status Injury, poisoning andfall-related fractures

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

fragility fracture

Older persons

65 years andcertain otherconsequences ofdriving-cautioned medications

external causes
Iihara 2019

Fragility Fractures in Older People in Japan Based on the

General Data

National Health Insurance Claims Database

Clinical epidemiology,

Diseases of thecourse of diseases

musculoskeletal system certain otherand connective tissue

Injury, poisoning and

ID1 and ID2

older

consequences ofexternal causes

Ikeda 2023

Effect of the Diabetic Nephropathy Aggravation Prevention

General Data

Program on medical visit behavior in individuals under the

Health policy evaluation

Endocrine, nutritional,

and utilizationand metabolic diseases

Quality of carediabetic nephropathy

No age limit/

id1n

Othersmunicipal national health insurance
Iki 2022

Iki 2022

Iki 2023

Imai 2022

Guideline adherence by physicians for management ofDiseases of the

glucocorticoid‑induced Adults

glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in Japan: a nationwide

musculoskeletal systemosteoporosis

health insurance claims database study

and connective tissue

Delayed initiation of anti-osteoporosis medications increases

General Data

General Data

Intervention effect

Medical treatment status Injury, poisoning andDiseases of the

hip and vertebral

subsequent hip and vertebral fratures in patients on long-term

certain othermusculoskeletal system fracture, glucocorticoid‑

glucocorticoid therapy: A nationwide health insurance claims

consequences ofand connective tissue

induced osteoporosis

database study in Japan

external causes
hip and vertebral

Real-world effectiveness of anti-osteoporosis medications foraged ≥ 50 years ID

Adultsaged ≥50 years ID

Injury, poisoning andDiseases of thecertain othermusculoskeletal system fracture, glucocorticoid‑patients on long-term glucocorticoid therapy: A nationwide

consequences ofand connective tissue

induced osteoporosis

health insurance claims database study in Japan

external causes
Injury, poisoning andosteoporosis, femoral

No age limit/

fracture

Otherschronic kidney diseaseNo age limit/

General Data

Intervention effect

Adultsthe prevention of incident hip and clinical vertebral fractures in

Antiresorptive drugs and the risk of femoral shaft fracture in

General Data

Intervention effect

Diseases of themen and women with osteoporosis: A cohort study using themusculoskeletal system certain other

National Database of Health Insurance Claims of Japanand connective tissue

consequences ofexternal causesInoue 2019

Regional variance in patterns of prescriptions for chronic kidney Open data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

disease in Japan
Inoue 2020

Regional Variance of the Early Use of Tolvaptan for Autosomal

comparison
Open data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

comparison

Diseases of thegenitourinary system

OthersCongenital

autosomal dominant

No age limit/

malformations,polycystic kidney

Othersdeformations anddiseasechromosomal
abnormalities
Inoue 2021

Regional distribution of cardiologists and prescription patterns

Open data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomicof sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors in Japan
Ishida 2022

Nationwide Long-Term Evaluation of Polypharmacy Reduction
Policies Focusing on Older Adults in Japan

comparison
Open data

Health policy evaluation
and utilization

Endocrine, nutritional,

SGLT2

and metabolic diseases
OthersNo age limit/
Otherspolypharmacy

aged ≥ 50 years ID

No age limit/
Others

ID1 and ID2

ID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Research area/ theme

Ishida 2022

Effectiveness of polypharmacy reduction policy in Japan:

Open data

Health policy evaluation

Research area/ theme-2

Disease

Disease-2

Notes on disease

Age

Otherspolypharmacy

No age limit/

Neoplasms

patients who

Notes on age

ID used foranalysisnationwide retrospective observational study
Ishimaru 2018

Preoperative oral care and effect on postoperative

and utilization
General Data

OthersIntervention effectcomplications after major cancer surgery

Adultsexcluded aged

underwent surgery forless than 18

head and neck,years

oesophageal, gastric,colorectal, lung or livercancerIshimaru 2022

Prevalence, Incidence Rate, and Risk Factors of Medication-

General Data

Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Patients With Osteoporosis

Clinical epidemiology,

Intervention effectcourse of diseases

Diseases of theMedication-related

No age limit/

digestive systemosteonecrosis of the

Othersand Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Japan
Isobe 2020

Correlation between the number of laparoscopy-qualified

jawOpen data

gynecologists and the proportion of laparoscopic surgeries forSocioeconomic

Health policy evaluationcomparison

and utilization

Neoplasms

benign gynecologicalNo age limit/

diseases

Othershysterectomies for

Adultsbenign gynecological diseases in Japan: An ecological study
Isobe 2020

The number of overall hysterectomies per population with theOpen data

Medical treatment status Health policy evaluation

perimenopausal status is increasing in Japan: A national

Neoplasms

and utilization

representative cohort study
Ito 2022

females aged 40–54 years

benign gynecologic
diseases

Regional disparities in cardiac rehabilitation volume throughout Open data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

Japan based on open data from a National Database of Healthcomparison

Diseases of the

cardiac rehabilitation

circulatory system

No age limit/
OthersInsurance Claims
Itoh 2019

National burden of the pharmaceutical cost of wet compresses Open data

Health economics

Otherswet compresses

and its cost predictors: nationwide cross-sectional study inNo age limit/
OthersJapan
Iwamoto 2022

Change in use of pediatric oral antibiotics in Japan, pre- andGeneral Data

Medical treatment status Health policy evaluation

Othersantimicrobial use

Childrenaged ≤19 years

Clinical epidemiology,

Injury, poisoning andChild abuse

Childrenunder the age ofcourse of diseases

certain otherpost-implementation of an antimicrobial resistance action plan
Iwao 2022

A Survey on Cases of Serious and High-Risk Child Abuse withand utilization
Sampling data

Trauma Using the Database of Health Insurance Claims

18

consequences ofexternal causes
Izumi 2019

Epidemiology of Adults and Children Treated forGeneral Data

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease in Japan

Clinical epidemiology,

Socioeconomic

Certain infectious andnontuberculous

No age limit/

course of diseases

comparison

parasitic diseases

mycobacterial

Otherspulmonary disease
Jingushi 2019

[The present situation of the fracture treatment in Japan

Open data

Medical treatment statusaccording to the 2nd open data from the National Database ofcertain other

Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups ofconsequences ofJapan]
Jingushi 2021

Injury, poisoning and

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound is frequently used to treat

Medical treatment status

Diseases of the

Injury, poisoning andmusculoskeletal system certain otheropen data from the national database of health insurance

and connective tissue

Clinical Management of Patients with Dengue Infection in
Japan: Results from National Database of Health Insurance
Claimsfractures afterNo age limit/

osteosynthesis

OthersDengueNo age limit/

consequences ofexternal causes

General Data

Health economics

Results from Japanese National Claims Database
Kajimoto 2020

Othersfractures after osteosynthesis in elderly patients: A study using

Patient and National Economic Burden of Dengue in Japan:

No age limit/

external causes
Open data

claims of Japan
Kajimoto 2020

bone fracture

Certain infectious andparasitic diseases

General Data

Medical treatment status Quality of care

Certain infectious andparasitic diseases

OthersDengueNo age limit/
OthersID

ID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Research area/ theme

Research area/ theme-2

Kamata 2018

Wide difference in biologics usage and expenditure for theOpen data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

Disease

Disease-2

Notes on diseaseAgerheumatoid arthritis

No age limit/

Notes on age

ID used foranalysistreatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in eachcomparison

prefecture in Japan analyzed using "National Database of

Diseases of themusculoskeletal system

Othersand connective tissue

Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups ofJapan"
Kamijo 2020

[A Study on Estimating the Extraction of Permanent Teeth byOpen data

Main Reason, Using the Japanese National Database of Health

Clinical epidemiology,

Medical treatment status Diseases of thecourse of diseases

digestive system

Clinical epidemiology,

Endocrine, nutritional,

course of diseases

and metabolic diseases certain otherpermanent teeth

No age limit/

extraction

OthersInsurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB
Japan) and the Second Survey of Reasons for Permanent Teeth
Extraction]
Kamitani 2021

Incidence of lower limb amputation in people with and without

General Datadiabetes: a nationwide 5-year cohort study in Japan

Injury, poisoning andlower limb amputation, No age limit/
diabetes

personal

Othersidentifiers

consequences ofexternal causes
Kanaoka 2021

Current Status and Effect of Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation

General Data

After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Japan
Kanaoka 2022

Trends and Factors Associated with Cardiac Rehabilitation

General Data

Participation: Data from Japanese Nationwide Databases
Kanaoka 2022

The Impact of Hospital Case Volume on the Outcomes after

General Data

Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation according to thePatient health service

Intervention effect

Diseases of the

cardiovascular diseases Adults

aged ≥20 years

cardiac rehabilitation

Adultsaged ≥20 years

atrial fibrillation

Adultsyounger than 20

utilization

circulatory system

Patient health service

Diseases of theutilization

circulatory system

Health policy evaluation

Diseases of theand utilization

circulatory system

Intervention effect

Diseases of theheart failure, cardiac

circulatory system

rehabilitation

Diseases of theacute coronary

circulatory system

syndrome

years and wereAblation Technology
Kanaoka 2022

Multifactorial Effects of Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation in

excludedGeneral Data

Patients with Heart Failure: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort

Adultsaged ≥20 years

Adultsaged ≥20 years uniqueStudy
Kanaoka 2022

Hospital- and Patient-level Analysis of Quality Indicators inGeneral Data

Quality of careIntervention effectAcute Coronary Syndrome Care: A Nationwide Database Study

identifier
with apatient
matching
technique(ID0)

Kanaoka 2022

Outpatient cardiac rehabilitation dose after acute coronary

General Data

Medical treatment status Intervention effectsyndrome in a nationwide cohort

Diseases of theacute coronary

circulatory system

syndrome, cardiac

Adultsaged ≥20 years personal
identificatio

rehabilitation
Kanaoka

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Use in Early-Phase

2023_Sodium-

Acute Coronary Syndrome with Severe Heart Failure

General Data

Intervention effect

Diseases of theacute coronary

circulatory system

syndromenAdultsaged ≥20 years

dementia

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

Diseases of themeniscus repair andNo age limit/

musculoskeletal system

meniscectomy

Othersarthroplasty

No age limit/

GlucoseKashima 2022

The 2018 Japan Floods Increased Prescriptions of Antidementia General Data

Medical treatment status Others

Drugs Among Disaster Victims

Mental, Behavioral and Diseases of the
Neurodevelopmental

nervous systemdisorders
Katano 2018

Trends in isolated meniscus repair and meniscectomy in Japan, Open data

Medical treatment status

2011-2016

and connective tissue
Katano 2020

Trends in arthroplasty in Japan by a complete survey, 20142017

Open data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic
comparison

Diseases of themusculoskeletal systemand connective tissue

OthersDatabaseResearch area/ theme

ID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Kato 2022

Association between the number of board-certified physiatrists Open data

Health policy evaluationand volume of rehabilitation provided in Japan: an ecologicaland utilization

Research area/ theme-2

Disease

Disease-2

Notes on diseaseAgerehabilitation services

No age limit/

Notes on age

ID used foranalysisOthersOthersstudy
Kido 2020

Nationwide incidence of central retinal artery occlusion in

Sampling data

Japan: an exploratory descriptive study using the National

Clinical epidemiology,

Diseases of the eye andcentral retinal arteryNo age limit/

course of diseases

adnexaocculusion

Otherscentral serous

AdultsDatabase of Health Insurance Claims (2011-2015)
Kido 2022

Incidence of central serous chorioretinopathy (2011-2018): a

General Datanationwide population-based cohort study of Japan
Kido 2022

Incidence and Clinical Practice of Exudative Age-related

Clinical epidemiology,

Medical treatment status Diseases of the eye andcourse of diseases
General Data

Macular Degeneration: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort

Clinical epidemiology,

adnexachorioretinopathy

Medical treatment status Diseases of the eye andcourse of diseases

active exudative age-adnexaKimura 2015

Kinoshita 2019

[Same Examinations in Different Healthcare Providers in the

No age limit/

Same Month of Referral, Analysis by Reimbursement Claim

different healthcare

OthersDatabase]providerCost Analysis of Transplantation in Japan, Performed With the

General Data

OthersMedical treatment status Health policy evaluation

Othersantimicrobial

and utilization

Risks of Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following Vaccination

Childrenconsumption
Transplantation

uniqueor olderidentificatio<15 years ofage

General Data

Health economics

OthersGeneral Data

Intervention effectCertain infectious andDiseases of the

COVID-19, myocarditis No age limit/

parasitic diseases

circulatory systemor pericarditis

Others

Diseases of theoral health care

No age limit/

digestive systemservices

OthersOthersantimicrobial use

No age limit/

Use of the National Database
Kobayashi 2022

aged 40 yearsnsame examinations in

Nationwide study of outpatient oral antimicrobial utilization

Medical treatment status

patterns for children in Japan (2013-2016)
Kitazawa 2017

Adultsdegeneration
Sampling dataID0

or olderrelated macularStudyaged 30 years

No age limit/
Otherswith SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Japan: An Analysis of

ID0

Spontaneous Reports of Suspected Adverse Events
Kodama 2021

Are Public Oral Care Services Evenly Distributed?-Nation-Wide General Data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

Assessment of the Provision of Oral Care in Japan Using thecomparison

National Database of Health Insurance Claims
Koizumi 2021

Effect of population inflow and outflow between rural and urban Accumulated data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

areas on regional antimicrobial use surveillance
Koizumi 2023

Effects of population age structure on parenteral antimicrobial

comparison

OthersGeneral Data

Medical treatment status Research methodology

Othersantimicrobial use

Open data

Intervention effect

Diseases of theantiepileptic drug

No age limit/

nervous systemtherapy

Othersuse estimations
Komada 2017

[Surveillance to Determine Adverse Reactions to

No age limit/
OthersCarbamazepine and Lamotrigine: Analysis of the "JapaneseAdverse Drug Event Report", "Information on Adverse Reaction
Relief Benefits" and "Health] Insurance Claims and Specific
Health Checkups of Japan" Databases]
Komamine 2019

Cardiovascular risks associated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4

General Data

Intervention effect

Endocrine, nutritional,

inhibitors monotherapy compared with other antidiabetes drugs

diabetes,

No age limit/

and metabolic diseases circulatory system

Diseases of the

cardiovascular disease

OthersAdultsin the Japanese population: A nationwide cohort study
Komiyama 2023

Hospital-Level Variation in Cardiac Rehabilitation After

General Data

Patient health service

Health policy evaluation

Diseases of theacute myocardial

utilization

and utilization

circulatory system

infarction, cardiac

Patterns of CT use in Japan, 2014: A nationwide cross-sectional Open data

Socioeconomic

Medical treatment status Others

study

comparison

Myocardial Infarction in Japan During Fiscal Years 2014-2015
Using the National Database
Koyama 2017
Koyama 2021

[Real situation of Cardiac Rehabilitation from the Viewpoint of

rehabilitation

Open data

Medical treatment status

Medical service fees]
Koyama 2022

CT examinations
cardiac rehabilitation

circulatory system[Real Situation of Rehabilitation Therapy from the Viewpoint of Open data
[The need and key points for patient matching in clinicalstudies using the National Database of Health Insurance
Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB)]

No age limit/
Others

Diseases of the

No age limit/
OthersMedical treatment status

Othersrehabilitation therapy

Research methodology

Otherspatient matching

Medical Service Fees]
Kubo 2017

aged ≥20 years

No age limit/
OthersGeneral Data

No age limit/
Others

ID1,ID2

ID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Research area/ theme

Kubo 2021

Tracing all patients who received insured dialysis treatment inGeneral Data

Research methodology

General Data

Research methodology

General Data

Research area/ theme-2

Disease

Disease-2

Notes on diseaseAgedialysis

No age limit/

Notes on age

ID used foranalysis

Diseases of theJapan and the present situation of their number of deaths
Kubo 2021[Mortality Tracking using the National Database of Healthgenitourinary system

OthersOthersmortality tracking

AdultsNo age limit/

aged ≥ 40 years

Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan(NDB)]
Kubota 2015

Epidemiology of psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis: a

Clinical epidemiology,

Diseases of the skinpsoriasis andnationwide study using the Japanese national claims databasecourse of diseases

and subcutaneous

palmoplantar pustulosis Others

Effectiveness and Safety of Reduced and Standard Daily Doses General Data

Medical treatment status Intervention effect

ID1 and
ID2 pairs

tissueKubota 2022

of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial

Diseases of thenonvalvular atrial

circulatory systemfibrillation

AdultsOthersCT and MRI

No age limit/

examinations

Othersat least 20

ID1 and ID2

years old

Fibrillation: A Cohort Study Using National Database
Representing the Japanese Population
Kumamaru 2018

Global and Japanese regional variations in radiologist potential Open data

Socioeconomic

workload for computed tomography and magnetic resonancecomparison

Othersimaging examinations
Kuniyoshi 2021

Regional variation in the development of neonatal

performed
Open data

hyperbilirubinemia and relation with sunshine duration in

Socioeconomic

Clinical epidemiology,

Certain conditions

neonatalcomparison

course of diseases

originating in thehyperbilirubinemia

Japan: an ecological study
Kuramochi 2022

Kurobe 2022

Drug Combinations for Mood Disorders and Physical

Medical treatment status

Mental, Behavioral andComorbidities That Need Attention: A Cross-Sectional National

Neurodevelopmental

Database Survey

disorders[Trends in the inpatient rehabilitation practices in Japan : NDB Open data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic[Medical expenses for diabetes care in Japan: Analysis of inter- Open data

Characteristics and limitations of national antimicrobial

mood disorders

Health economics

Othersinpatient rehabilitation

Socioeconomic

Endocrine, nutritional,

diabetes

comparisonand metabolic diseases[Investigation of Orthognathic Surgery in Japan Using the
Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors andAdults≥40 years ofage

General Data

Medical treatment status Research methodology

Othersantimicrobial use

General Data

Medical treatment status

Diseases of thejaw deformity

No age limit/
OthersNational Database]Kuwata 2022

No age limit/
Otherssurveillance according to sales and claims data
Kuwajima 2023

No age limit/
Otherscomparison

prefecture differences]
Kusama 2021

neonateperinatal period
Sampling data

open data analysis]
Kurosaki 2020

Childrendigestive system
General Data

Intervention effectNo age limit/

ID0v2

Others

Diseases of the skin

Endocrine, nutritional,

increased risk for bullous pemphigoid within 3 months from firstand subcutaneousand metabolic diseases DPP-4isbullous pemphigoid,

use: A 5-year population-based cohort study using thetissueNo age limit/

ID0

OthersJapanese National Database
Maeda 2018

Cesarean section rates and local resources for perinatal care in Accumulated data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

Japan: A nationwide ecological study using the national

comparison

Pregnancy, childbirth

cesarean delivery

and the puerperium

No age limit/
Othersdatabase of health insurance claims
Maeda 2021

Regional Disparity of Reperfusion Therapy for Acute Ischemic

General Data

Stroke in Japan: A Retrospective Analysis of Nationwide ClaimsSocioeconomic

Medical treatment status Diseases of thecomparison

circulatory system

Medical treatment status Intervention effect

Diseases of theacute ischemic stroke

No age limit/
OthersData from 2010 to 2015
Maeda 2021

Nationwide temporal trend analysis of reperfusion therapy

General Datautilization and mortality in acute ischemic stroke patients inacute ischemic stroke

circulatory system

No age limit/
OthersJapan
Maeda 2021

Cesarean delivery rates for overall and multiple pregnancies inGeneral Data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

Japan: A descriptive study using nationwide health insurance

Pregnancy, childbirthcomparison

and the puerperium

Health policy evaluation

Otherscesarean delivery

No age limit/
Othersclaims data
Mamiya 2022

Impact of reimbursement restriction on drug market sales
under the National Health Insurance in Japan

Open data

Health economics

and utilization

drug market sales

No age limit/
Others

ID1 and ID2

ID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Research area/ theme

Research area/ theme-2

DiseaseGeneral Data

Clinical epidemiology,

Medical treatment status Endocrine, nutritional,

Disease-2

Notes on disease

Age

Notes on age

acromegary

Adults≥20 years of

ID1 or ID2

agematchedID used foranalysis

Matsubayashi 2020 Prevalence, incidence, comorbidities, and treatment patterns
among Japanese patients with acromegaly: a descriptive study

course of diseases

and metabolic diseases

using a nationwide claims database
Matsuda 2015

Analysis of Health Care Region for Psychiatric Care Based on

Health policy evaluation

Mental, Behavioral andthe National Database

General Dataand utilization

Neurodevelopmental

Psychiatric medicine

No age limit/

Analysis of Disease Structure for the Regional Health Care Plan General Data

Health policy evaluation

Diseases of thecerebral infarction

No age limit/

Based on the National Databaseand utilization

circulatory systempatiens

OthersClinical epidemiology,

Diseases of the

Dupuytren’sNo age limit/

course of diseases

musculoskeletal system

Contracture

OthersMental, Behavioral and obesity and

AdultsID

Othersdisorders
Matsuda 2015
Matsuda 2023

[Epidemiological Study of Dupuytren’s Contracture in Japan]

Open dataIDand connective tissue
Matsumoto 2018

Relationship between the Number of Adult Obesity andOpen data

Neuropsychiatric Prescription Drugs

Clinical epidemiology,

Medical treatment status Endocrine, nutritional,

course of diseases

and metabolic diseases Neurodevelopmental

aged 40-74
years

neuropsychiatricdisorders
Matsuoka 2023

Projected numbers of knee and hip arthroplasties up to theOpen data

Prediction model

Medical treatment status Diseases of theyear 2030 in Japan

osteoarthritis

Adultsmusculoskeletal systemaged 40 years
and overand connective tissue
Mihara 2020

Factors correlated with drug use for constipation: perspectives Open data

Medical treatment status Clinical epidemiology,

from the 2016 open Japanese National Database
Minamizono 2019

course of diseases[Gender, age, and regional distribution of equivalent conversion Open data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

values for outpatient prescription psychotropic drugs: From thecomparison

2nd NDB Open Database]*
Mita 2021

An alternative index for evaluating AMU and anti-methicillin-

Diseases of theconstipation

Adultspsychotropics

No age limit/

digestive system

between 40 and
74 years old

Mental, Behavioral and
Neurodevelopmental

Othersdisorders
Accumulated data

Medical treatment status Research methodology

Othersantimicrobial use

resistant Staphylococcus aureus agent use: A study based on

No age limit/
Othersthe National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific
Health Checkups data of Japan
Mitsutake 2019[Study on International Statistical Indicators using the National General Data

Medical treatment status Health policy evaluation

Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health

Othersand utilization

medical treatment

No age limit/

information

OthersCOVID-19

AdultsHelicobacter pylori

No age limit/

Checkups of Japan]
Miyashita 2022

Changes in the Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19

General Data

Patients from the Early Pandemic to the Delta Variant

Clinical epidemiology,

Certain infectious andcourse of diseases

parasitic diseases

Intervention effectCertain infectious andDiseases of theparasitic diseases

musculoskeletal systemadult patients

Epidemic: A Nationwide Population- based Study
Mizukami 2023

Disease trends after Helicobacter pylori eradication based on

General Data

Japanese nationwide claims and the health check-up database

Othersand connective tissue
Mizuno 2022

Search for indexes to evaluate trends in antibiotic use in the

Accumulated data

Medical treatment status Research methodology

Othersantimicrobial use

sub-prefectural regions using the National Database of HealthNo age limit/
OthersInsurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan
Mizuno 2021

Differences in aggressive treatments during the actively dying

Sampling data

Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

phase in patients with cancer and heart disease: an exploratory
study using the sampling dataset of the National Database of

Diseases of thecancer and heart

No age limit/

circulatory systemdisease (aggressive

Otherstreatments)

Health Insurance Claims
Mohri 2023

Risk of Lactic Acidosis in Hospitalized Diabetic Patients Prescribed Biguanides in Japan: A Retrospective Total-Population
Cohort Study

General Data

Intervention effect

Endocrine, nutritional,
and metabolic diseases

diabetes mellitus

No age limit/
OthersID0ID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Research area/ theme

Mori 2022

Medical expenditures for fragility hip fracture in Japan: a study

General Data

Health economics

Research area/ theme-2

Disease

Disease-2

Notes on disease

Age

Notes on age

Injury, poisoning andDiseases of thefragility hip fracture

Older persons

aged 60 years

certain othermusculoskeletal systemconsequences ofand connective tissue

ID used foranalysisusing the nationwide health insurance claims databaseID0

and older

external causes
Morii 2019

Projecting future supply and demand for physical therapists inOpen data

Prediction model

Japan using system dynamics
Morita 2022

[Future design based on estimation of the demand and supply
Trends Associated with Hemorrhoids in Japan: Data Mining of

Otherssupply and demand for Adults

and utilization
Open data

Prediction modelof radiological technicians using real-world data]*
Mukai 2020

Health policy evaluation
Health policy evaluation

Othersdiagnostic imaging

Diseases of thehemorrhoids

and utilization
Open data

Medical treatment status Clinical epidemiology,

Medical Information Datasets and the National Database ofcourse of diseases

aged ≥15 years

physical therapists
No age limit/
Othersdigestive system

No age limit/
OthersHealth Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups ofJapan (NDB) Open Data Japan
Muro 2023

Utility of Blood Culture in Patients with Community-Acquired

General Data

Medical treatment status Intervention effectPneumonia: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis Based on a

Certain infectious andDiseases of thecommunity-acquiredparasitic diseases

respiratory system

pneumonia

Adultsaged >15 years

Older persons

aged 65 years

Japanese National Health Insurance Database
Muronaga 2022
Myojin 2022

Lithium in drinking water and Alzheimer's dementia:

Clinical epidemiology,

Diseases of the

Alzheimer's

Epidemiological Findings from National Data Base of Japan

General Data

course of diseases

nervous systemdementia(AD)Development of a New Method to Trace Patient Data Using the General Data

Research methodology

Othersmethod to trace patient No age limit/

National Database in Japan
Nagakura 2022

Naito 2021

OthersAdultsClinical epidemiology,

Diseases of thebenign prostatic

hyperplasia: Analysis of Japanese nationwide datasets

course of diseases

genitourinary system

hyperplasia

Medical treatment status Certain infectious andHIV, PLWH

General Datawith HIV: A nationwide cohort study from 2009 to 2019 in Japan
Naito 2022

data

Lifestyle habits to prevent the development of benign prostatic Open data

Comorbidities and co-medications among 28089 people living

Analysis of antiretroviral therapy switch rate and switching

General Data

Clinical epidemiology,
course of diseases

parasitic diseases

Medical treatment status Intervention effectCertain infectious andID0aged 40–74
years

No age limit/
OthersHIV, PLWH

parasitic diseases

pattern for people living with HIV from a national database inor olderNo age limit/
OthersJapan
Naito 2022

Syphilis in people living with HIV does not account for the

General Datasyphilis resurgence in Japan
Nakai 2022

Contemporary use of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure patients

General Data

Clinical epidemiology,

Certain infectious andcourse of diseases

parasitic diseases

Intervention effect

Diseases of the

Endocrine, nutritional,

circulatory system

and metabolic diseases with diabetes mellitus

with diabetes mellitus: A comparison of DPP4 inhibitors in a

HIV, syphilis

No age limit/
Othersheart failure patients

No age limit/

ID0

Othersnationwide electric health database of the superaged society
Nakai 2022

Age-dependent Association of Discharge Heart- Failure

General Data

Medications with Clinical Outcomes in a Super-aged Society
Nakajima 2020

Prevalence of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and age-

Socioeconomic

Intervention effectcomparison
General Data

stratified trends in clinical characteristics and treatment, based

Clinical epidemiology,

Diseases of theacute heart-failure

circulatory system
Medical treatment status Diseases of thecourse of diseases

No age limit/

ID0

Othersrheumatoid arthritis

Adultsaged ≥16 years ID1

rheumatoid arthritis

Adults

16 years old or

musculoskeletal systemon the National Database of Health Insurance Claims andand connective tissue

Specific Health Checkups of Japan
Nakajima 2021

Geographic variations in rheumatoid arthritis treatment inGeneral Data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

Japan: A nationwide retrospective study using the national

comparison

database of health insurance claims and specific health

Diseases of themusculoskeletal systemolder

and connective tissue

checkups of Japan
Nakamura 2015

[Evaluation of the Number of Varicella Patients Estimated byAccumulated data

Prescription Surveillance]
Nakamura 2015

[Evaluation of the estimated number of influenza patients byprefecture in pharmacy surveillance using nationwide electronic
medical health insurance claims]*

Clinical epidemiology,

Research methodology

course of diseases
Accumulated data

Clinical epidemiology,
course of diseases

Certain infectious andvaricellaparasitic diseases
Research methodology

Diseases of therespiratory system

No age limit/
Othersinfluenza

No age limit/
OthersID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Research area/ theme

Research area/ theme-2

DiseaseNakamura 2015

Evaluation of estimated number of influenza patients from

Accumulated data

Clinical epidemiology,

Research methodology

Diseases of the

Disease-2

Notes on diseaseAgeinfluenza

No age limit/

Notes on age

ID used foranalysisnational sentinel surveillance using the national database ofcourse of diseases

respiratory system

Otherselectronic medical claims
Nakamura 2015

Proposition of real-time precise prediction model of infectious

Accumulated data

Prediction modeldisease patients from Prescription Surveillance using theClinical epidemiology,

Certain infectious andcourse of diseases

parasitic diseases

infectious diseaseNo age limit/
OthersNational Database of Electronic Medical Claims
Nakamura 2018

Severe abnormal behavior incidence after administration ofGeneral Data

Intervention effect

Diseases of theneuraminidase inhibitors using the national database of

influenzaChildren

topical antimicrobials

No age limit/

5-19years

respiratory system

medical claims
Nakanishi 2022

The Use of Topical Antibiotics Based on the National Database Open data

Medical treatment status

Othersof Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of

OthersJapan (NDB) Open Data in 2017
Nakatoh 2021

Insufficient increase in bone mineral density testing rates andGeneral Data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

Injury, poisoning andDiseases of thecertain othermusculoskeletal system fracture, osteoporosis

the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specificconsequences ofand connective tissue

Health Checkups of Japan

external causes

pharmacotherapy after hip and vertebral fracture: analysis of

Nakatoh 2021

Insufficient persistence to pharmacotherapy in Japanesecomparison

General Datapatients with osteoporosis: an analysis of the National

Patient health service

Socioeconomic

Diseases of theutilizationcomparison

musculoskeletal system

Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health

hip and vertebral

Adultsaged ≥ 50 years

osteoporosis

Adultsaged ≥ 50 years

hip and vertebral

Adultsaged ≥50 years

Adultsaged ≥ 50

and connective tissue

Checkups in Japan
Nakatoh 2022

Nakatoh 2023

Association of pharmacotherapy with second hip fracture

Injury, poisoning andDiseases of theincidence: a retrospective analysis of the National Database ofcertain othermusculoskeletal system fracture, glucocorticoid‑

Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups ofconsequences ofand connective tissue

Japan

external causes

Association between pharmacotherapy and secondary hip

General Data

General Data

Intervention effectIntervention effect

Diseases of thefracture in a real-world setting: a nationwide database study

induced osteoporosis
secondary hip fracture

musculoskeletal system

years

and connective tissue
Ninomiya 2022

Nationwide comprehensive epidemiological study of rare

Accumulated datadiseases in Japan using a health insurance claims database
Nishi 2020

Regional variance in the use of urine dipstick test for

Clinical epidemiology,

Open data

Incidence and seasonality of type 1 diabetes: a population-rare diseases

Diseases of theurine dipstick testcomparison
General Data

based 3-year cohort study using the National Database inNo age limit/
OthersMedical treatment status Socioeconomic

outpatients in Japan
Nishioka 2020

Otherscourse of diseases
genitourinary system

No age limit/
OthersClinical epidemiology,

Endocrine, nutritional,

Type 1 diabetes

course of diseases

and metabolic diseases

No age limit/

Clinical epidemiology,

Endocrine, nutritional,

course of diseases

and metabolic diseases circulatory systemcoronary syndrome

Clinical epidemiology,

Endocrine, nutritional,

type 1 diabetes,

No age limit/

course of diseases

and metabolic diseases respiratory systeminfluenza

OthersResearch methodology

Otherspatient matching

No age limit/

ID0

OthersJapan
Nishioka 2020

Absolute risk of acute coronary syndrome after severe

General Datahypoglycemia: A population-based 2-year cohort study using

Diseases of the

Diabetes, acute

Adultsaged ≥35 years ID0

the National Database in Japan
Nishioka 2021

Association between influenza and the incidence rate of new-General Data

onset type 1 diabetes in Japan
Noda 2017[Improvements and verification of the patient matching (nameGeneral Data

Diseases of thematching) method in health insurance claims information and

ID0

ID0

OthersNational DataBase (NDB) on specific medical checkups]*
Noda 2023

Cost-effectiveness analysis of cardiac implantable electronic

Open data

Health economics

devices with reactive atrial-based antitachycardia pacing
Nojiri 2019

Comorbidity status in hospitalized elderly in Japan: Analysis
from National Database of Health Insurance Claims andSpecific Health Checkups

General Data

Clinical epidemiology,
course of diseases

Diseases of the

cardiac implantable

No age limit/

circulatory systemelectronic devices

OthersOtherscomorbidity status ofOlder persons

hospitalized elderly
patients

aged ≥60 yearsID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Research area/ theme

Research area/ theme-2

Nomura 2021

[Research on regional differences in the medical treatment

General Data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

Disease

Disease-2

Notes on diseaseAge

medical expenses

No age limit/

Notes on age

ID used foranalysisstatus and patient health services utilization, and the provision

Otherscomparison

Othersof information]*
Ochibe 2020

[Study of the Effect of the Perioperative Administration ofGeneral Data

Intervention effectStatin on the Prognosis of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Diseases of thestatin administration

No age limit/

circulatory system

during PCI and

OthersUsing the National Health Insurance Claims Database in Japan]
Ogawa 2022

[A Survey of 0-year-old Infants with Cleft Lip and PalateID

cardiovascular events
General Data

Patients in Tohoku Region Using the National Database]

Patient health service

Congenital

utilization

malformations,

Cleft Lip and Palate

Childrenaged <1 year

fragility fracture

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

fragility fracture

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

ID0v2

deformations andchromosomal
abnormalities
Ohara 2020

Fracture risk increased by concurrent use of central nervous

General Data

Intervention effect

Diseases of the

Injury, poisoning andsystem agents in older people: Nationwide case-crossovermusculoskeletal system certain otherstudy

and connective tissue

consequences ofexternal causes

Ohara 2020

Central Nervous System Agent Classes and Fragility Fracture

General Data

Intervention effect

Diseases of the

Injury, poisoning and

Risk among Elderly Japanese Individuals in a Nationwide Case-

musculoskeletal system certain other

Crossover Design Studyand connective tissue

consequences ofexternal causes

Ohtera 2021

A nationwide survey on participation in cardiac rehabilitation

General Data

Medical treatment status Patient health service

Diseases of thecoronary heart disease, Adults

circulatory system

cardiac rehabilitation

Health policy evaluation

Diseases of the skinheparin analogs

and utilizationand subcutaneousamong patients with coronary heart disease using health claims

utilization

aged ≥ 40 years

data in Japan
Oizumi 2021

[Number of Prescriptions for Heparin Analogues Calculated byOpen data

Year Using NDB Open Data]

No age limit/
OtherstissueOkamoto 2021

Japan’s dental care facing population aging: How universal

Open data

coverage responds to the changing needs of the elderly
Okazaki 2022

Impact of the 2018 Japan Floods on benzodiazepine use: aGeneral Data

Clinical epidemiology,

Patient health service

Diseases of thecourse of diseases

utilization

digestive system

Medical treatment status Others

longitudinal analysis based on the National Database of Health
Insurance Claims
Okazaki 2022

Impact of the 2018 Japan Floods on prescriptions for migraine:

General Data

Medical treatment status Others

A longitudinal analysis using the National Database of Healthdentistry

No age limit/
OthersMental, Behavioral and Diseases of the

benzodiazepines and

Neurodevelopmental

benzodiazepine-related

nervous systemdisordersdrugs

Diseases of the

migraine

Adultsaged ≥20 years

Adultsbetween the

nervous systemages of 15 andInsurance Claims
Okazaki 2022

Increased prescriptions for irritable bowel syndrome after the64 years
General Data

Medical treatment status Others

2018 Japan Floods: a longitudinal analysis based on the

Diseases of theirritable bowel

digestive system

syndrome

Adultsyounger than 15
years of age

Japanese National Database of Health Insurance Claims andwere excluded

Specific Health Checkups
Okubo 2020

Impacts of Primary Care Physician System on Healthcare

General Data

Medical treatment status Health policy evaluation

Utilization and Antibiotic Prescription: Difference-in-

and utilization

Certain infectious andDiseases of theparasitic diseases

respiratory system

respiratory infections

Children<2 years of age ID

Othersantibiotics

Childrenaged <12

Othersmulti-drug

No age limit/

prescriptions

Othersdyslipidemia

AdultsDifferences and Causal Mediation Analyses
Okubo 2022

The consequence of financial incentives for not prescribing

General Data

antibiotics: a Japan's nationwide quasi-experiment
Okui 2021

Analysis of the regional difference in the number of multi-drug

Health policy evaluation

Open data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

prescriptions and its predictors in Japan, 2015-2018
Okui 2021

monthsand utilizationcomparison

An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Prevalence and Consultation Open data

Clinical epidemiology,

Patient health service

Endocrine, nutritional,

Rate for Dyslipidemia in Japancourse of diseases

utilizationand metabolic diseases

aged 40-74
yearsID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Research area/ theme

Research area/ theme-2

Okui 2022

Analysis of regional differences in the amount of hypnotic andOpen data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

Disease

Disease-2

Notes on disease

Age

Notes on age

ID used foranalysisanxiolytic prescriptions in Japan using nationwide claims datacomparison

Mental, Behavioral and Diseases of the

hypnotic and anxiolytic No age limit/

Neurodevelopmental

prescriptions

Othersschizophrenia

No age limit/

nervous systemdisordersOkumura 2013

Okumura 2017

[Antipsychotics prescribing patterns of patients with

Sampling data

Medical treatment status Quality of care

Mental, Behavioral andschizophrenia in Japan : Using the National Database of Health

Neurodevelopmental

Insurance Claim Information and Specified Medical Checkups]

disorders

Epidemiology of overdose episodes from the period prior toGeneral Datahospitalization for drug poisoning until discharge in Japan: An

Clinical epidemiology,

Medical treatment status Mental, Behavioral and Injury, poisoning andcourse of diseases

Neurodevelopmental

certain otherdisordersconsequences of

exploratory descriptive study using a nationwide claims
database
Okumura 2017

ID1

Othersoverdose episodes

No age limit/

ID1

Othersexternal causes

Risk of recurrent overdose associated with prescribing patterns General Data

Intervention effect

Medical treatment status Mental, Behavioral and Injury, poisoning andof psychotropic medications after nonfatal overdose

psychotropic

Neurodevelopmental

certain othermedications after

disordersconsequences of

nonfatal overdose

Adults

19- to 64-year-

ID1

old

external causes
Okumura 2018

Glucose and prolactin monitoring in children and adolescents

General Data

Medical treatment status

Mental, Behavioral andinitiating antipsychotic therapy

antipsychotics

Childrenaged ≤18 years ID0

Neurodevelopmental
disordersOkumura 2018

Timely follow-up visits after psychiatric hospitalization andGeneral Data

Intervention effectreadmission in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Japan

Patient health service

Mental, Behavioral andschizophrenia or bipolar No age limit/

utilization

Neurodevelopmental

disorderOthersaged<65 years

ID0

disordersOkumura 2018

Association of high psychiatrist staffing with prolonged

General Datahospitalization, follow-up visits, and readmission in acute

Health policy evaluation

Mental, Behavioral andPatients newly

No age limit/

and utilization

Neurodevelopmental

admitted to acute

Othersdisorders

psychiatric units

Mental, Behavioral andpsychiatric care

psychiatric units: a retrospective cohort study using a

ID0nationwide claims database
Okumura 2019

Psychiatric Admissions and Length of Stay During Fiscal Years General Data

Medical treatment status

Neurodevelopmental

2014 and 2015 in Japan: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using a
Utilization of Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Agents Among

General Data

Medical treatment status

Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Percutaneous

Diseases of the

Atrial Fibrillation

No age limit/

circulatory system

Undergoing

OthersCoronary Intervention - Retrospective Cohort Study Using a

Percutaneous Coronary

Nationwide Claims Database in Japan
Ono 2020

ID0

OthersdisordersNationwide Claims DatabaseOno 2018

No age limit/

Intervention

The first national survey of antimicrobial use among dentists in Accumulated data

Medical treatment status

Othersantimicrobial use

Japan from 2015 to 2017 based on the national database of

No age limit/
Othershealth insurance claims and specific health checkups of Japan
Ono 2020[Age-and gender-specific prescriptions and fracture surgeries

Open data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomicof osteoporosis treatment in Japan using the National Healthcomparison

Insurance Claim Database]Diseases of the

Injury, poisoning andfracture, osteoporosis

Adultsdentistry

No age limit/

musculoskeletal system certain otherand connective tissue

consequences ofexternal causes

Ono 2021

Generic drug usage in dentistry across Japan: Analysis using aOpen data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

Japanese national database
Oshima 2018

comparison[Correlations between regional distribution of dental hygienists Open data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

and dentistry service : Analysis using NDB open data Japan]
Ota 2020[Proposal of Method for Estimating the Situation of Regional
Healthcare Using NDB Open Data and Sickbed Function
Reports Data: Estimation of Implementation Status of Surgery
in Inpatient Care in Okayama Prefecture]comparison
Open data

Socioeconomic
comparison

Diseases of thedigestive system
Diseases of the

Othersdentistry service

digestive system

Medical treatment status Others

No age limit/
Others

Implementation status

No age limit/of surgery in inpatient

Otherscare

aged ≥50 yearsID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Otsubo 2015

Regional variations in in-hospital mortality, care processes, and General Data

Research area/ theme

Research area/ theme-2

Disease

Disease-2

Notes on disease

Age

Notes on age

ischemic stroke

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

sleep apnea

No age limit/

ID used foranalysis

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

spending in acute ischemic stroke patients in Japan
Saito 2021

Regional variations in the utilization of adaptive servo-

comparison
Open data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure in Japan:

comparison

Diseases of thecirculatory system
Diseases of the

Othersnervous systemdata from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims
and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) Open Data Japan
Sakakibara 2019[Study on the Risk Factors for Postoperative Delirium Using the General Data

Clinical epidemiology,

Mental, Behavioral andNational Health Insurance Claims Database in Japan]

course of diseases

Neurodevelopmental

postoperative delirium

No age limit/

ID

Othersdisorders
Sakata 2018

Thyroid function tests before prescribing anti-dementia drugs:

General Data

Medical treatment status Quality of carea retrospective observational study

Mental, Behavioral and Diseases of the
Neurodevelopmental

dementia

Older persons

aged ≥65 years

cancer patients

Adultsexcludednervous systemdisordersSato 2016[A Preliminary Survey to Measure the Quality Indicators of End- Sampling data

Quality of care

Research methodology

Neoplasms

of-life Cancer Care Using the Japanese National Database]patients aged
<20 years

Sato 2018

Estimation of total prescription weights of active

Open data

Medical treatment status

Otherspharmaceutical ingredients in human medicines based on a

active pharmaceutical

No age limit/

ingredients

Otherspublic database for environmental risk assessment in Japan
Sato 2019

Nationwide survey of severe postpartum hemorrhage in Japan:

Sampling dataan exploratory study using the national database of health

Clinical epidemiology,

Health policy evaluation

Pregnancy, childbirth

postpartum

No age limit/

course of diseases

and utilizationand the puerperium

hemorrhage

Others

Diseases of the

drug-induced

No age limit/

nervous systemparkinsonism

OthersInjury, poisoning andanaphylaxis

No age limit/

insurance claims
Sato 2021

Disproportionality by sex in the prescription of drugs capable of Open data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

inducing parkinsonism for the elderly: A survey using statistics

comparisonof Japanese national health claims from 2014 to 2017
Sato 2022

Evaluation of adrenaline auto-injector prescription profiles: A

General Data

Medical treatment status

population-based, retrospective cohort study within thecertain other

National Insurance Claims Database of Japan

consequences of

ID variable

Othersexternal causes
Sato 2023

Virtual patient identifier (vPID): Improving patient traceability

General Data

Research methodology

Otherspatient traceability

using anonymized identifiers in Japanese healthcare insurance

No age limit/

a virtual

Otherspatient

claims database

identifier(vPID)

Sawada 2023

Sengoku 2022

Cardiovascular risk of urate-lowering drugs: A study using theGeneral Data

Intervention effect

Diseases of the

Diseases of theurate-lowering drugs

National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specificmusculoskeletal system circulatory systemand cardiovascular

Health Checkups of Japanand connective tissue

eventstype 2 diabetes

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes by age, sex and geographical

Sampling data

area among two million public assistance recipients in Japan: aClinical epidemiology,

Socioeconomic

Endocrine, nutritional,

course of diseases

comparisonand metabolic diseases

Research methodology

Clinical epidemiology,

Neoplasms

cancer patients

Adultsaged ≥20 years

No age limit/
Otherscross-sectional study using a nationally representative claims
database
Shibata 2014

[Usefulness of a healthcare insurance claims database forGeneral Datastatistical data in cancer patients]*
Shimizu 2018

[A comprehensive survey of clinical practice concerning

course of diseases

OthersOpen data

Research methodology

Otherstelemedicine treatment No age limit/

Sampling data

Medical treatment status

Otherspediatric sedation fortelemedicine treatment]
Shimokawa 2022

[Current status of pediatric sedation for MRI examinations inJapan : the National Database Open Data and random
Sampling Data analysis of outpatient clinics]

No age limit/

Others
MRI examinations

Childrenaged <10 yearsID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Research area/ theme

Sugawara 2019

Association of severe abnormal behavior and acetaminophen

General Data

Intervention effect

General Data

Quality of care

Research area/ theme-2

Disease

Disease-2

Notes on disease

Age

Notes on age

influenzaChildren

5-19 year of age

diabetes

Adults

20 years or

ID used foranalysis

Diseases of thewith/without neuraminidase inhibitors
Sugiyama 2019

Variation in process quality measures of diabetes care by

respiratory system

region and institution in Japan during 2015-2016: An

Socioeconomic

Endocrine, nutritional,

comparisonand metabolic diseases

ID1

older

observational study of nationwide claims data
Sun 2022

Association between types of home healthcare and emergency General Data

Medical treatment status

Othershome care support

house calls, hospitalization, and end- of-life care in JapanSun 2022

The effect of home care support clinics on hospital readmission General Data

Intervention effect

Diseases of thein heart failure patients in Japan
Suwanai 2020

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Reduces the Risk ofOlder persons

heart failure

aged 65 years
or olderclinics/hospitals
Older persons

aged ≥65 years identificatio

circulatory system
General Data

Intervention effectn numbers

Diseases of the skinhypertrophic scars or

No age limit/

Developing Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids following Medianand subcutaneous

keloids

OthersSternotomy in Diabetic Patients: A Nationwide Retrospective

tissuetooth loss among

Adults

Cohort Study Using the National Database of Health Insurance
Claims of Japan
Suzuki 2020

Evaluation of tooth loss among patients with diabetes mellitus

General Data

using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims andClinical epidemiology,

Endocrine, nutritional,

course of diseases

and metabolic diseases digestive system

Diseases of the

Research methodology

Diseases of theSpecific Health Checkups of Japan
Suzuki 2021

A Validation Study of the National Database of Healthaged 50–74

ID1

years

patients with diabetes
mellitus

Open data

Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan

tooth extractions

digestive system

No age limit/
OthersRegarding the Annual Number of Tooth Extractions Performed
Across the Entire Japanese Population
Suzuki 2022

[Factors related to femoral neck fracture in prefectures : anOpen dataecological study using the national database]

Clinical epidemiology,

Injury, poisoning andcourse of diseases

certain otherfemoral neck fracture

AdultsOthersgeneric drug usage

No age limit/

dental careaged ≥ 40 years

consequences ofexternal causes
Suzuki 2023

Promoting generic drug usage in Japan: correlation between

Open data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

generic drug usage and monthly personal income
Taira 2021

Regional Inequality in Dental Care Utilization in Japan: An

comparison
Open data

Ecological Study Using the National Database of Health

OthersPatient health service

Socioeconomic

Diseases of theutilizationcomparison

digestive system

No age limit/
OthersInsurance Claims
Takabayashi 2021

Trend in prescription and treatment retention of molecular-

General Data

Medical treatment status Patient health service

targeted drugs in 121,131 Japanese patients with rheumatoid

utilization

arthritis: A population- based real-world study
Takabayashi 2022

Incidence of opportunistic infections in patients with

Diseases of therheumatoid arthritis

musculoskeletal system

No age limit/

ID1 and ID2

Othersand connective tissue
General Data

Intervention effect

Diseases of the

Certain infectious andrheumatoid arthritis treated with different molecular-targetedmusculoskeletal system parasitic diseases

drugs: A population-basedand connective tissue

rheumatoid arthritis,

No age limit/

opportunistic infections Others

retrospective cohort study
Takada 2013

[Study on Risk of Gastrointestinal Complications in Low-dose

General Data

Intervention effect

Aspirin Therapy Using the National Receipt Database]Diseases of the

Gastrointestinal

No age limit/

digestive system

Complications, Low-

OthersID2

dose Aspirin Therapy
Takeshita 2021

[Study on factors related to hospitalization period of acuteSampling datacerebral infarction using NDB sampling data set]
Takeuchi 2021

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and the risk ofurinary tract infection among diabetic patients in Japan: Target
trial emulation using a nationwide administrative claims
database

General Data

Clinical epidemiology,

Diseases of theacute cerebral

No age limit/

course of diseases

circulatory systeminfraction

OthersIntervention effect

Endocrine, nutritional,

Diabetes, urinary tract

Adults

Diseases of theand metabolic diseases genitourinary system

infection (UTI)

aged ≥40 years

Research area/ theme

Research area/ theme-2

DiseaseEstimates of hip fracture incidence in Japan using the National Accumulated data

Clinical epidemiology,

Socioeconomic

Injury, poisoning and

Health Insurance Claim Database in 2012–2015

course of diseases

comparison

certain other

ID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Tamaki 2019

Database

Disease-2

Notes on disease

Age

Notes on age

hip fracture

Adultsaged ≥40 years

hip and vertebral

Older persons

Patients aged ≥ID used foranalysisconsequences ofexternal causes
Tamaki 2023

Hip and vertebral fracture risk after initiating antidiabetic drugs General Data

Intervention effect

Endocrine, nutritional,

in Japanese elderly: a nationwide study

Injury, poisoning andand metabolic diseases certain otherconsequences of

65 years

fracture, diabetes
mellitus

external causes
Tanaka 2017

[Actual use of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) in fiscal year

Open data

Medical treatment status2014 : using the national database of health insurance claims

Diseases of theactual use of direct oral Adults

circulatory system

anticoagulant

aged ≥20 years

and specific health checkups of Japan (NDB) open data]
Tanaka 2018

Open data

Medical treatment status

OthersNSAIDs Patches[Investigation of Prescription Pattern of Antiretroviral Using the Open data

Medical treatment status

Certain infectious andPrescription Pattern ofparasitic diseases

Antiretroviral

OthersNSAIDs[Survey of Prescription Volume and Adverse Events of NSAIDs
Patches in Fiscal Year 2015]

Tanaka 2019No age limit/
OthersNational Database of Health Insurance Claims Specific Health

Adults≥20 year of age

Checkups of Japan Open Data]
Tanaka 2020

[Survey on prescribing status of NSAIDs patch formulations:

Open data

Medical treatment status

No age limit/
OthersPerspectives on promotion of generic drug use and prescribing
restrictions]*
Tanaka 2022

Understanding the Actual Use of Anti-HIV Drugs in Japan from Open data

Medical treatment status

Certain infectious and2016 to 2019: Demonstrating Epidemiological Relevance ofanti-HIV drug use

parasitic diseases

No age limit/
OthersNDB Open Data Japan for Understanding Japanese Medical
Care
Tanaka 2022

Burden of chronic hepatitis B and C infections in 2015 andGeneral Data

future trends in Japan: A simulation study
Tanito 2022

Nation-Wide Analysis of Glaucoma Medication Prescription inOpen data

Clinical epidemiology,

Certain infectious andchronic hepatitis B and No age limit/

course of diseases

Prediction model

parasitic diseases

C infections

OthersMedical treatment status

Diseases of the eye andantiglaucoma

No age limit/

adnexamedications

OthersNeoplasms

death at home amongOlder persons

Fiscal Year of 2019 in Japan
Tarasawa 2023

Associations Between Death at Home with Medical Resources

Accumulated data

and Medical Activities in Cancer Patients: A Nationwide Study

Clinical epidemiology,
course of diseases

aged 65 years
and older

cancer patients

Using Japanese National Database
Togashi 2023

Regional Disparities in Transvenous Lead Extraction forOpen data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection in Japan - A

comparison

Diseases of the

Injury, poisoning andtransvenous lead

No age limit/

circulatory systemcertain otherextraction for cardiac

Othersconsequences of

implantable electronic

Descriptive Study Using the National Database Open Data
Tohkin 2016

[Appropriate prescription pattern of medications at the special

Sampling data

Medical treatment status Quality of care

population]
Tomic 2022

Lifetime risk, life expectancy, and years of life lost to type 2

General Datadiabetes: a multi-national population- based study of 23 high-external causes

device infection

Diseases of the

Diseases of thechronic kidney disease, No age limit/

genitourinary system

circulatory system

cardiovascular disease

Otherstype 2 diabetes

No age limit/

Clinical epidemiology,

Endocrine, nutritional,

course of diseases

and metabolic diseases

Patient health service

Othersstatin use

Adultsaged ≥55 years

cerebral palsyChildrenaged below 20

Othersincome jurisdictions
Tomida 2023

Statin persistence and adherence among older initiators:

General Data

A nationwide cohort study using the national healthutilization

insurance claims database in Japan
Toyokawa 2017
Tsuda 2017

Estimation of the number of children with cerebral palsy using

Clinical epidemiology,

Diseases of thenationwide health insurance claims data in Japancourse of diseases

nervous system

Effect on Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy against gastric Open data

Intervention effectcancer in Japan

General Data

Health policy evaluation
and utilization

Neoplasms

years
gastric cancer

No age limit/
OthersID1

ID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Research area/ theme

Tsuji 2023

Trend of anticoagulant therapy in elderly patients with atrial

Sampling data

Medical treatment status

Research area/ theme-2

Disease

Disease-2

Notes on disease

Age

Notes on age

Diseases of the

anticoagulant therapy

Older persons

aged ≥ 65 years

circulatory system

in patients with non-ID used foranalysis

fibrillation considering risks of cerebral infarction and bleeding

valvular atrial
fibrillation
Tsukamoto 2019

Future Perspectives for the Treatment of Diabetes: Importance General Data

Medical treatment status

Endocrine, nutritional,of a Regulatory Framework
Tsuneishi 2016

diabetesand metabolic diseases[Association between Number of Teeth and Medical and Dental General Data

Health economics

Others

Diseases of theCare Expenditure: Analysis Using the Receipt and HealthNo age limit/

periodontal disease

Adultsdigestive system

40 years of age ID
or olderCheckup Information Database in Japan]
Tsuneishi 2017

[Association between Number of Teeth and Medical Visit due

General Data

to Aspiration Pneumonia in Older People Using the Receipt andClinical epidemiology,

Diseases of the

Diseases of the

Number of Teeth,

course of diseases

respiratory systemdigestive system

Aspiration Pneumonia

Older persons

aged 65 or older ID

Periodontitis

Adultsaged ≥20 years

Older persons

aged 60 years

Health Checkup Information Database]
Tsuneishi 2019

[The presence of teeth type using the dental notation ofGeneral Data

periodontitis patients: a cross-sectional study using the receipt

Clinical epidemiology,

Research methodology

Diseases of thecourse of diseases

digestive system

Clinical epidemiology,

Diseases of the

Diseases of theperiodontitis, missing

course of diseases

digestive system

nervous system

teeth, Alzheimer’s

and health checkup information database in Japan]
TsuneishiI 2021

Association between number of teeth and Alzheimer’s disease

General Data

using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims andSpecific Health Checkups of Japan
Tsunoda 2022

Monthly trends and seasonality of hemodialysis treatment andID1or olderdiseaseGeneral Data

Research methodology

outcomes of newly initiated patients from the national

Clinical epidemiology,

Diseases of thecourse of diseases

genitourinary system

hemodialysis

No age limit/

VPID

Othersdatabase (NDB) of JapanUda 2019

Nationwide survey of indications for oral antimicrobial

General Data

Medical treatment status Health policy evaluationprescription for pediatric patients from 2013 to 2016 in Japan
Ueda 2021

Maternal near-miss attributable to haemorrhagic stroke inand utilization
General Datapatients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Japan: A

Clinical epidemiology,

Certain infectious andDiseases of theparasitic diseases

respiratory system

Medical treatment status Pregnancy, childbirthcourse of diseases

and the puerperium

respiratory infections

Children

Diseases of thehaemorrhagic stroke

No age limit/

circulatory systemoccurring in patients

Othersnational cohort study≤15 years ofagewith hypertensive
disorders of pregnancy

Ueda 2022

Impact of efforts to prevent maternal deaths due to obstetric

General Data

hemorrhage on trends in epidemiology and management of

Health policy evaluation

Pregnancy, childbirthand utilizationand the puerperium

Medical treatment status

Diseases of theobstetric hemorrhage

No age limit/
Otherssevere postpartum hemorrhage in Japan: a nationwide
retrospective study
Ueda 2022[A Survey of Orthognathic Surgery in Tohoku Region Using theGeneral Data

National Database]
Wada 2021[Calculation Status of All Full Metal Crowns and CAD/CAM

Open data

Medical treatment status

Crowns in Crown Restoration of Molars in the Last 10 Years]
Waki 2022

Prevalence of hypertensive diseases and treated hypertensive

orthognathic surgery

digestive system

General Datapatients in Japan: A nationwide administrative claims databaseNo age limit/

Diseases of thecrown restoration of

No age limit/

digestive system

molarsOthershypertensive diseases

No age limit/

Clinical epidemiology,

Patient health service

Diseases of thecourse of diseases

utilization

circulatory system

ID0v2

OthersvPID

Othersstudy
Watanabe 2022

How are new drugs disseminated in Japan? Analysis using theGeneral Data

Medical treatment status

Neoplasms

National Database of Health Insurance Claims of Japan
Yahaba 2021

Antibiotics for hospitalized children with community-acquired

Sampling data

Medical treatment status

pneumonia in Japan: Analysis based on Japanese national

Endocrine, nutritional,

cancer drugs, diabetes

No age limit/

and metabolic diseases drugs

Others

Diseases of the

Certain infectious andpneumonia

Children<15 year of age

respiratory systemparasitic diseases
achilles tendon

Adultsaged <20 years

database
Yamaguchi 2021

Increase in Achilles Tendon Rupture Surgery in Japan: Results
From a Nationwide Health Care Database

General Data

Clinical epidemiology,
course of diseases

Medical treatment status Injury, poisoning andcertain otherconsequences ofexternal causes

ruptureswere excludedID (Author Year)

Title (*titles translated by author)

Database

Research area/ theme

Research area/ theme-2

Yamamoto 2022

Trends in Open vs. Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release: A

Open data

Medical treatment status Socioeconomic

Accumulated data

Research methodology

Disease

Disease-2

Notes on disease

Age

Notes on age

ID used foranalysis

Comprehensive Survey in Japan
Yamasaki 2018

The first report of Japanese antimicrobial use measured bycomparison

Diseases of the

carpal tunnel syndrome No age limit/

nervous system

OthersMedical treatment status Others

antimicrobial use

national database based on health insurance claims data

No age limit/
Others

(2011-2013): comparison with sales data, and trend analysis
stratified by antimicrobial category and age group
Yamauchi 2018

[Current status of osteoporosis screening – Relationship with

Open data

osteoporotic fractures and need for long-term care –]Clinical epidemiology,

Medical treatment status Diseases of theosteoporosis

Adults40-70 years old

Adultsaged ≥15 years

musculoskeletal systemcourse of diseases

and connective tissue
Yamazaki 2021

Antibiotics prescriptions for pneumonia analyzed by claim

Sampling data

Medical treatment status Quality of careinformation in Japan
Yatomi 2020

Prescription patterns of psychotropics in patients receiving

Sampling data

Medical treatment status Intervention effectsynthetic glucocorticoids

Diseases of the

Certain infectious andcommunity-acquired

respiratory systemparasitic diseases

pneumonia

Mental, Behavioral andpsychotropic andNo age limit/

Neurodevelopmental

glucocorticoids

Othershealthcare costs andNo age limit/

service utilization

Othersnicotine dependency

Adultsdisorders
Yoshida 2023

Effects of 2018 Japan floods on healthcare costs and service

General Data

Health economics

OthersOthersutilization in Japan: a retrospective cohort study
Yoshimi 2018

[Comparison of prefectures using items related to smoking and Open data
quitting smoking in the 2nd NDB Open Data]*

Research methodology

Socioeconomic

Mental, Behavioral andcomparison

Neurodevelopmental

aged 40-74
years

disorders
Yoshimura 2018

Survey of anticonvulsant drugs and lithium prescription in
women of childbearing age in Japan using a public national
insurance claims database

Open data

Medical treatment status Quality of care

Diseases of thenervous system

Anticonvulsant Drugs

AdultsChildbearingageSupplementary File 5 PRISMA-ScR Checklist
SECTION

PRISMA-ScR CHECKLIST ITEMREPORTED ON
PAGE #

1

Identify the report as a scoping review.

Title

2

Provide a structured summary that includes (as applicable): background,objectives, eligibility criteria, sources of evidence, charting methods, results, andconclusions that relate to the review questions and objectives.

Abstract

ITEM

TITLE
Title
ABSTRACT
Structured summary
INTRODUCTION
Rationale

3

Objectives

4

Describe the rationale for the review in the context of what is already known.
Explain why the review questions/objectives lend themselves to a scoping review p. 3
approach.
Provide an explicit statement of the questions and objectives being addressedwith reference to their key elements (e.g., population or participants, concepts,
p. 3
and context) or other relevant key elements used to conceptualize the review
questions and/or objectives.

METHODS
Protocol and registration

5

Eligibility criteria

6

Information sources*

7

Search8

Selection of sources ofevidence†

9

Data charting process‡

10

Data items

11

Critical appraisal ofindividual sources ofevidence§

12Synthesis of results

13

Indicate whether a review protocol exists; state if and where it can be accessed(e.g., a Web address); and if available, provide registration information, including NA
the registration number.
Specify characteristics of the sources of evidence used as eligibility criteria (e.g.,
p. 4
years considered, language, and publication status), and provide a rationale.
Describe all information sources in the search (e.g., databases with dates ofcoverage and contact with authors to identify additional sources), as well as thep. 4date the most recent search was executed.
Present the full electronic search strategy for at least 1 database, including any
Supplementary
limits used, such that it could be repeated.
file 1
State the process for selecting sources of evidence (i.e., screening and eligibility)p. 4
included in the scoping review.
Describe the methods of charting data from the included sources of evidence(e.g., calibrated forms or forms that have been tested by the team before theirp. 4use, and whether data charting was done independently or in duplicate) and any
processes for obtaining and confirming data from investigators.
List and define all variables for which data were sought and any assumptions andpp. 6-7
simplifications made.
If done, provide a rationale for conducting a critical appraisal of included sourcesof evidence; describe the methods used and how this information was used inNAany data synthesis (if appropriate).
Describe the methods of handling and summarizing the data that were charted.

pp. 6-7

Give numbers of sources of evidence screened, assessed for eligibility, andincluded in the review, with reasons for exclusions at each stage, ideally using aflow diagram.
For each source of evidence, present characteristics for which data were charted
and provide the citations.
If done, present data on critical appraisal of included sources of evidence (seeitem 12).
For each included source of evidence, present the relevant data that werecharted that relate to the review questions and objectives.
Summarize and/or present the charting results as they relate to the review
questions and objectives.

p. 7,
Supplementary
file 2

RESULTS
Selection of sources ofevidence
Characteristics of sourcesof evidence
Critical appraisal withinsources of evidence
Results of individual
sources of evidence
Synthesis of results

14
15
16
17
18

pp. 7-8, Table 1
NA
Supplementary
file 4
pp. 8-14, Figure
1

DISCUSSION
Summarize the main results (including an overview of concepts, themes, andtypes of evidence available), link to the review questions and objectives, andconsider the relevance to key groups.

pp. 14-15

20

Discuss the limitations of the scoping review process.

p. 16

21

Provide a general interpretation of the results with respect to the review questions
p. 17
and objectives, as well as potential implications and/or next steps.

22

Describe sources of funding for the included sources of evidence, as well assources of funding for the scoping review. Describe the role of the funders of thescoping review.

Summary of evidence

19

Limitations
Conclusions
FUNDING
Funding

Title page