AAPD Instructions for Authors
Pediatric Dentistry
Pediatric Dentistry is the official publication of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, the American Board of
Pediatric Dentistry and the College of Diplomates of the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry. It is published bi-monthly
and is internationally recognized as the leading journal in the area of pediatric dentistry. The journal promotes the practice,education and research specifically related to the specialty of pediatric dentistry. This peer-reviewed journal features scientificarticles, case reports, and abstracts of current pediatric dental research.

Journal of Dentistry for Children
The Journal of Dentistry for Children (JDC) is an internationally renowned journal whose publishing dates back to 1934.
Published three times a year, JDC promotes the practice, education and research specifically related to the specialty ofpediatric dentistry. It covers a wide range of topics related to the clinical care of children, from clinical techniquesof daily importance to the practitioner, to studies on child behavior and growth and development. JDC also provides information on the physical, psychological and emotional conditions of children as they relate to and affect their dental health.
This peer-reviewed journal features scientific articles, case reports, and abstracts of current pediatric dental research.

Introduction

Scientific Studies

Manuscripts that are selected for publication promote the practice, education and research for the specialty of pediatric dentistry. Manuscripts are considered for publication only if thearticle, or any part of its essential substance, tables or figures
have not been or will not be published in another journal or
are not simultaneously submitted to another journal.

Full-length manuscript not to exceed 3,500 words (including
structured Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion,
Conclusions, and Acknowledgments; excluding References andFigure Legends). The structured abstract should be no longer
than 200 words and contain the following sections: Purpose,
Methods, Results, and Conclusions.
The Introduction section should include only pertinent
references. The Methods section should be sufficiently detailed
to replicate the study. The Results section should include only
results and not discussion of the data. The Discussion section
should discuss the results, of the present study and comparethem to the existing knowledge base. The Conclusions section
should consist of succinct, numbered statements that are supported by the results of the study. They should not repeat the
Results section.
Maximum Figures: 4 • Maximum Tables: 3 or viceversa.

The statements, opinions, and advertisements are solely thoseof the individual authors, contributors, editors, or advertisers, as
indicated. Published manuscripts do not necessarily represent theviews of the editor, the AAPD Communications Department,or the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry organization.

Types of Manuscripts
Type of manuscript must be one of the following: MetaAnalyses/Systematic Reviews, Scientific Studies, Case Reports, or
Literature Reviews (JDC only), Letters to the Editor, Editorials
and Brief Communications. Authors submitting manuscripts are
expected to follow these instructions before submissions will be
accepted for review consideration.

Meta-Analyses / Systematic Reviews
Authors of systematic reviews must adhere to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses,
available at: “http://www.prisma-statement.org/statement.htm”.
Structured Abstracts for systematic reviews are recommended.
Headings should include: Research Question, Research Protocol,
Literature Search, Data Extraction, Quality Appraisal, Data
Analysis and Results, and Intrepretations of Results.

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Randomized Clinical Trials
Studies that are Randomized Clinical Trials should review andconsider CONSORT guidelines and checklist available at:“www.consort-statement.org”.
Maximum Figures: 4 • Maximum Tables: 3 or viceversa.

Cohort Studies
Studies that are observational cohort, case-controlled and crosssectional studies must include submission of STROBE checklist
addressing the guidelines available at: “www.strobe-statement.
org/index.php?id=avao;ab;e-checklists”)
Maximum Figures: 4 • Maximum Tables: 3 or viceversa.

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Type of article

Abstract
maximumlength & type

Maximum
text
lengthMaximum
references

Maximum
no. offigures

Maximum
no. oftablesMeta-Analyses/
Systematic
Reviews

200 words,
structured

3,500
words

No
limit

4*

4*

Scientific
Studies

200 words,
structured

3,500
words

40

4

3

Case Reports

150 words,
unstructured

1,850
words

20

4

3

Literature Reviews(JDC only)

150 words,
unstructured

2,500
words

0

0

4

Brief
Communications

150 words,
structured

2,000
words

20

2

2

LTEs & Responses
to the LTE

None

1,000
words

8

0

0

Editorials

None

1,000
words

40

2

2

Notes

Inclusion of large
tables or more
figures will be at the
Editor-in-Chief ’s
discretion and may
require electronic
publication

Invited by the
Editor-in-Chief

Case Reports
Full-length manuscript not to exceed 1,850 words (including
unstructured Abstract, brief Introduction, Description of Case,
Discussion, Acknowledgments (if any), and References (if any). The
unstructured Abstract should be no longer than 150 words.
Maximum Figures: 4 • Maximum Tables: 3 or viceversa.

Literature Reviews (JDC only)
Full-length manuscript not to exceed 2,500 words (including
unstructured Abstract, Introduction, the Review of the Literature
with appropriate subheading, Discussion, Conclusions, andAcknowledgments; excluding References). The unstructured
Abstract should be no longer than 150 words.
Maximum Tables: 4

a

b

c

d

Example of 4 Figures* Authors desiring to have more figures or tables thanprovided in the Table above MUST agree to electronic
publication of their manuscript, and must select thispreference. Each separate chart, graph or photograph will
be counted as a separate figure. Figures grouped together
will be counted as their individual parts. See samples below:ab

Example of 3 Figures2

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c

Example of 6 Figures®

Letters to the Editor & Responses to the Letter to the Editor
Full-length manuscript not to exceed 1000 words; excluding
References.

Editorials
Full-length manuscript not to exceed 1,000 words; excluding
References and Figure Legends.
Maximum Figures: 2 • Maximum Tables: 2 or viceversa.

Brief Communications
Full-length manuscript not to exceed 2,000 words (including
structured Abstract; excluding References and Figure legends). The
structured Abstract should be no longer than 150 words. The
scope of this style submission is for concise scientific studies
and not intended to be a substitute for literature review.

Manuscript Submission
All new manuscripts must be submitted to AAPD’s online submission and review website, ScholarOne Manuscripts; Pediatric
Dentistry at: “http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/pediadent”; JDC
at: “http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jdentchild”. Authors who
do not yet have an account on the website should click the‘Create Account’ link on the upper right-hand corner of thewelcome page and follow the step-by-step process to open an
account. On the dashboard page, authors should select the
Author Center. In the Author Center, they should click the‘Click here to submit a new manuscript’ link.
If you already have an account, enter your user ID andpassword and log in.
Manuscript submission guidelines for Pediatric Dentistry follow the ‘uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted tobiomedical journals’ which have been developed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).
Please visit the ICMJE website at: “http://www.icmje.org/
manuscript_1prepare.html” for more information.
Author Information
The author must include each author’s name, earned academic
degrees, professional title (such as ‘associate professor’, ‘chair’),work affiliations, complete address, telephone and fax numbers,
and email address. These can be uploaded to the site as a
Microsoft Word Document (it is recommended that statementsfrom all authors be placed in a single document). No honorary
designations such as ‘FRCS’, ‘FICD’, ‘Diplomate’, should belisted.
A submission with more than one author implies that eachauthor has significant intellectual contribution to the submission.
Only individuals who have made a significant contribution to
the study or manuscript should be listed as authors. Contributors
who do not meet the criteria for authorship, such as individuals
who provided only technical help or writing assistance, should
be listed in the Acknowledgments section at the end of themanuscript. The corresponding author should submit the®

following statement for each author (fill in the blanks): The
responsibility of ________________ was to _________________.
Authors (including authors of letters to the editor) are responsible for disclosing all financial and personal relationshipsthat might bias their work. If such conflicts exist, the authors
must provide additional detail in the appropriate text box during
online submission. Funding sources for the work being submitted must be disclosed in the Acknowledgments section of themanuscript.
Authors should express their own findings in the past tense anduse the present tense where reference is made to existing knowledge, or where the author is stating what is known or concluded.
Footnotes should be avoided and their content incorporated into
the text. The editors reserve the right to revise the wording of
papers in the interest of the journal’s standards of clarity andconciseness.
Author and institution blinded submissions will be selected by
the Editor or Section Editors to be sent to at least two reviewers.
The corresponding author may submit the names and email
addresses of up to four qualified potential reviewers for theirmanuscript. These individuals (as well as requests to exclude reviewers) will be considered by the editorial membership. Preferred reviewers should not be colleagues at the contributors’
institution or present or former research partners.
Manuscripts will be published in English, using American
spelling. Manuscripts must be submitted with proper English
grammar, syntax, and spelling. Before submitting a manuscript
for consideration authors may consider using a professional
editing service such as: “http://www.journalexperts.com”. AAPD
does not endorse such service and use of such service has no
relation with acceptance of a manuscript for publication.
Two versions of the manuscript must be uploaded, one version
containing all the author information and one version without
any information identifying the authors or their institutions (inthe text as well as the Title page. The title page of the manucript
must provide the following data of the contents complying withthe criteria for specific types of submissions as described:• Abstract: number of words _______.
• Body of text (excluding Abstract, Acknowledgments,
References, Figures and Tables): number of words ______.
• Number of tables: ______.
• Number of figures: ______.
Tables should appear at the end of the main document,
while photos, photomicrographs and graphs are to be submitted as separate files (.jpg or .tif format only). Do notembed tables, photos, figures or graphics in the text of themanuscript. Each table and figure should have a number(if more than one) and title included with appropriate
footnotes (and figure legend for figures). Prior to submission,
the corresponding author must guarantee that the article has
not been published and is not being considered for publicationelsewhere.

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Manuscript Preparation
Authors are advised to review several recently published articles
to familiarize themselves with proper format and requirements.
Title: Titles should be as brief as possible while clearly conveying the main point or purpose of the article. The manuscript
title is limited to 20 words or less, and a short title limited to
five words or less must also be submitted. All submissions, including titles and subheads, are subject to change during theediting process.
Short Title: Also refered as a ‘Running Head’, must be a brief
but comprehensive phrase of what the paper is all about, or abrief version of the title of the paper. not to exceed 50 characters.
Keywords: A maximum of five keywords must be submitted.
Authors should ensure that the keywords appear in the title
and/or abstract and that they are PubMed searchable.
Abstract: All submissions must include an abstract. An abstract
should be brief, providing the reader with a concise but complete summary of the paper. Generalizations such as ‘methods
were described’ should not be used. Meta-Analyses/Systematic
Reviews and Scientific Studies should have a structured abstractof no more than 200 words with the following sections: Purpose,
Methods, Results and Conclusions. Case Reports, Literature Reviews (JDC only) and Brief Communications should have an
unstructured abstract of no more than 150 words.
Introduction: The introduction should provide the context for
the article, the objective of the study, and should state thehypothesis or research question (purpose statement), how andwhy the hypothesis was developed, and why it is important. It
should generally not exceed two or three paragraphs.
Methods: The methods section should include as appropriate,a detailed description of the study design or type of analysis anddates and period of study; condition, factors, or disease studied;details of sample (e.g., study participants and the setting fromwhich they were drawn); method of random sequence generationin detail (coin flip, random table, etc.); method of allocation
concealment in detail (opaque envelopes, sequential numbereddrug containers, etc); description of treatment providers; whether
providers and participants were blinded; inclusion and exclusion
criteria; intervention(s), if any; outcome measures; method ofblinding of outcome assessors; method of standardization andcalibration of outcome assessors, including kappa statistics; andstatistical analysis.
Results: The results reported in the manuscript should be specific and relevant to the research hypothesis. Characteristics ofthe study participants should be followed by presentation of
the results, from the broad to the specific. The Results section
should not include implications or weaknesses of the study, butshould include validation measures if conducted as part of thestudy. Results should not discuss the rationale for the statisticalprocedures used.

or hypothesis should be addressed in this section, and theresults should be compared to and contrasted with the findings of other studies. New results not previously reported in the
Results cannot appear first in the Discussion. (Note: A lengthy
reiteration of the results should be avoided.) The study’s limitations and the generalizability of the results should be discussed,
as well as mention of unexpected findings with suggested explanations. The type of future studies needed, if appropriate,should be mentioned.
Conclusion: The conclusion should help the reader understand
why the research should matter to them after they have finishedreading the paper. Conclusions should be numbered, succinct
statements that are supported by the results of the study. They
should not repeat the Results section.
Acknowledgment: Funding and other sources of support must
be disclosed in the acknowledgment section. Personal acknowledgments should be limited to appropriate professionals who
have contributed intellectually to the paper but whose contribution does not justify authorship.
References: References are a critical element of a manuscript andserve three primary purposes–documentation, acknowledgment,
and directing or linking the reader to additional resources.
Authors bear primary responsibility for all reference citations.
References should be numbered consecutively with superscript
Arabic numerals in the order in which they are cited in the
text. A list of all references should appear at the end of thepaper in numeric order as they are cited in the text. Journal
abbreviations are those used by Index Medicus. The reference
style to use is the recent edition of the American Medical
Association Manual of Style.
The following are sample references:
Journal
For journals, list all authors when there are six or fewer; when
there are seven or more, list the first three, then ‘et al.’ Page
numbers should be included where possible. For example: 12-8,
191-5, 347-51.
Bogert TR, García-Godoy F. Effect of prophylaxis agentson the shear bond strength of a fissure sealant. Pediatr
Dent 1992;14(1):50-1.
Book
Bixler D. Genetic aspects of dental anomalies. In: McDonald
RE, Avery DR, eds. Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. 5th ed. Philadelphia: CV Mosby Co.; 1987:90-116.
The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry
For Clinical Practice Guidelines, do not use the reference
manual but rather the original source that it was published in.
When referencing other documents in this manual, use thelatest publication for example:

Discussion: The discussion section should be a formal consideration and critical examination of the study. The research question

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American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. TITLE. The
Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.:
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2019:pagerange.
Other articles, report, or monograph issued by a committee,
institution, society, or government agency
Medicine for the public: Women’s health research Bethesda,
Md.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public
Health Service, National Institutes of Health; 2001. DHHS
publication 02-4971.
World Wide Web
All websites and web articles (URLs) must be a listed in thereference section at the end of the manuscript with the last datethat the URL was accessed in parenthesis. DO NOT include
links to websites in the text.
Authors should provide direct references to original sources
whenever possible. Avoid using abstracts or literature reviews
as references. If possible, avoid references to papers accepted
but not yet published. If such a citation is necessary, these
papers should be cited as being ‘In press’, and verification thatthey have been accepted for publication must be provided.
Where possible, references of easily accessible material are preferable to dissertations, theses, and other unpublished documents.

(SI units) unless reporting English units from a citedreference. Figures and tables should use SI units, with any
necessary conversion factors given in legends or footnotes. For
most cases spell out numbers under 10, and use numerals fornumbers 10 and above — this applies to all ages, days of themonth, degrees of temperature, dimensions, percentages; proportions, scores, serial numbers, speeds, sums of money, timeof day, and percent values. Numbers beginning a sentence
should be spelled out. Report percentages to one decimal place(i.e., XX.X percent) when sample size is >=200. Laboratory
data values should be rounded to the number of digits thatreflects the precision of the results and the sensitivity of themeasurement procedure.
Statistical tests: The results of all statistical comparisons should
be reported to include the statistical test value and theassociated P-value and confidence interval, if appropriate.
Except when one-sided tests are required by study design, suchas in non inferiority trials, all reported P-values should be
two-sided. In general, P-values larger than 0.01 should bereported to two decimal places, those between 0.01 and 0.001
to three decimal places; P-values smaller than 0.001 should
be reported as P<0.001. Results in the abstract and the paper
generally should include estimates of effect size and 95
percent confidence intervals (95% CI), not just P-values orstatements that a difference was statistically significant.

Authors should avoid citing ‘personal communication’ unless
it provides essential information not available from a public
source. Personal communications should not be numbered, butshould be cited in the text as follows: (G. Seale, DDS, oral
communication, January 2019). Authors should obtain written
permission and confirmation of accuracy from the source of apersonal communication; this permission should be uploadedin ScholarOne as a supplementary document at the time ofmanuscript submission. Authors should verify the accuracy of
all references and are responsible for ensuring that no citedreference contains material that was retracted or found to bein error subsequent to its publication.

Tooth names: The complete names of individual teeth should
be given in full in the text of articles using the following convention: [(primary/permanent), (maxillary/mandibular), (right/left), (central/lateral or first/second/third), (tooth type)]. Examples: ‘primary maxillary right first molar’, ‘permanent mandibular
first molars’, but ‘mandibular right second pre-molar’. In tables
these names may be abbreviated by the Universal system (A-T
for primary teeth, 1-32 for permanent teeth).

Editorial Style

Abbreviations: Abbreviations should be used to make manuscripts more concise. The first time an abbreviation appears,
it should be placed in bold in parentheses following the fullspelling of the term [e.g., “…permanent first molars (PFMs)…”]Text formatting:• Manuscripts should be submitted as Office 2010 Microsoft
Word format (.docx); Word .doc
files are also accepted. No paper
copy will be accepted.
• Double space all text.
• Use basic fonts such as Arial,
Courier, Helvetica no smaller
than 11 points.

5
C

4

D

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E F

B

10
G

H

11
12
I

13
J

A

3

14
2

15

1

16

Adult Dentition =Permanent teeth 1-32
Child Dentition = Primary
teeth A-T
Wisdom Teeth = 1, 16, 17,
and 32
32

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31

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30
29

Units of measure: Authors should express all quantitative values in theInternational
System
of
Units

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Commercially-produced materials: Any mention of commercially produced materials, instruments, devices, software, etc.,
must be followed by the name of the manufacturer and the
manufacturer’s location in parentheses. Example: ‘... in an
Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft, Inc, Redmond, Wash., USA).’

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Q P O N

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Permissions: For materials taken from other sources, a written
statement from the authors and publisher giving permission to
Pediatric Dentistry for reproduction must be provided. Waivers
and statements of informed consent must accompany the manuscript when it is submitted for review. Waivers must accompany
any photograph showing a human subject unless the subject’s
features are sufficiently blocked to prevent identification.
Human and animal subjects: Review of research involving human subjects is required by federal law. Federal laws and regulations regarding research on human subjects have specificrequirements for Institutional Review Board (IRB) and study

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administration. The IRB must review research that involves thefollowing areas, among others: medical and administrative record
data; research that uses leftover tissues (e.g., extracted teeth);
health services research; survey research; behavioral research;
biomedical and other clinical research. An official IRB-approval
letter in English dated prior to the initiation of the researchmust be included with the submission. If the IRB has exempted
the research from review, a copy of the letter of exemption must
accompany the submission. Please state your IRB status on
the title page. If applicable, the manuscript must state in the
Methods section that the study was approved by an IRB or otherinstitutional research ethics committee and identify the nameand location of the institution housing the committee. Whenhuman subjects have been used, the text should indicate that
informed consent was obtained from all participating adult subjects, and parents or legal guardians of minors or incapacitatedadults. If required by the authors’ institution, informed assent
must have been obtained from participating children at or
above the age specified by the institution. The cover letter forthe manuscript must contain a statement similar to the following: “The procedures, possible discomforts or risks, as well as
possible benefits were explained fully to the human subjects
involved, and their informed consent was obtained prior to theinvestigation.”
Figures: Image resolution, after cropping to the area of interest,
should be 300-600 dpi. Figures should be submitted individually as .jpg or .tif files. Each separate chart, graph or photograph will be counted as a separate figure. Figures grouped
together will be counted as their individual parts. Photomicrographs must include a scale labeled with a convenient unit oflength (e.g., 50 µm). Figures should be numbered in Arabic
numerals in the order of the first citation in the text. Legends
for each figure must be printed on a separate page. Include a
key for symbols or letters used in the figures. Figures should besaved and submitted as a separate file. Figure legends should
be understandable without reference to the text. A key for any
symbols or letters used in the figure should be included. Abbreviations should be explained in a footnote to the figure. If
illustrations, tables, or other excerpts are included from copyrighted works, the author is responsible for obtaining written
permission from the copyright holder prior to submitting thefinal version of the paper. Full credit must be given to such
sources with a superscript reference citation in the figure legend.
Reference citations in figure legends or captions should follow
numerically the reference number in the text immediately preceding mention of the figure. Figures take up additional page
space and should be limited to those that add value to the text.
Tables: Tables should be double-spaced, appear on separate
pages, and should be titled and numbered in Arabic numerals
in the order of the first citation in the text. Short headings
should appear at the top of each column. Explanatory mattershould be placed in captions, not in the title. For footnotes,
use the following symbols in this sequence: *, **, †, ‡, §.
Tables should be understandable without alluding to the text.
Due to space limitations, only tables adding value to the text
should be included.
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Copyright: All authors must agree to the terms of copyrighttransfer as indicated during the online manuscript submission
process. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry owns
the copyright for all content published in the journal. The
AAPD and its licensees have the right to use, reproduce, transmit, derivate, publish, and distribute the content, in the journal
or otherwise, in any form or medium. Authors will not use or
authorize the use of the contribution without the AAPD’s
written consent, except as may be permitted as ‘fair use’ under
U.S. copyright law. Authors represent and warrant to the
AAPD that: the submitted manuscript is the authors’ own original work; authors have the full right and power to make thiscopyright transfer; the work does not violate any copyright,
proprietary, intellectual property or personal rights of others; thework is factually accurate and contains no matter defamatoryor otherwise unwise unlawful; authors have not previously in
any manner disposed of by sale or assignment any of the rights
granted to the AAPD nor previously granted any rights adverse
to or inconsistent with this copyright transfer; and that there
are no rights outstanding which would diminish, encumber or
impair the full enjoyment of the copyright transfer granted to
the AAPD.
National Institutes of Health (NIH) Funded Manuscripts:
Authors of studies funded by the NIH whose manuscripts are
accepted for publication in Pediatric Dentistry will have their
final accepted version deposited to PubMed Central (PMC) by
the publisher AAPD on behalf of the authors.

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Actions Taken on a Manuscript
The following categories constitute the editorial actions that
may be taken on a manuscript:
Rejection: The flaws that lead to this decision generally centeron substantive or methodological issues. A manuscript is usually
rejected because: it is outside the area of coverage of the journal;
it contains serious flaws of design, methodology, analysis, orinterpretation; or it is judged to make only a limited novel
contribution to the field.
Revision: Manuscripts may have publication potential but are
not yet ready for final publication. The study as presented may
not merit acceptance as is but may warrant consideration after
substantive revision (e.g., reorganizing the conceptual structure,
conducting additional experiments, or modifying analyses).
The action editor will give the author an invitation to revise
and resubmit for another round of reviews (usually with thesame reviewers). An editor cannot guarantee acceptance of arevised manuscript, but authors who respond flexibly andattend closely to suggested revisions enhance their chances foran acceptance. Authors must include a detailed cover letter
outlining their responses to the revisions. Revisions must be
submitted using Track Changes so the original with thesections deleted can be seen along with the new text.

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Acceptance: When the reviewers and Editor have determined therevision is acceptable the author receives a letter of acceptancespecifying an approximate time frame for anticipated publication. Once a manuscript is accepted, it enters the production
phase of publication. At this point, no further changes can bemade by the author other than those suggested by the copyeditor.

New scholars who wish to learn more about the editorial andpeer review process as it operates with AAPD should e-mail the
AAPD headquarters office at aloaiza@aapd.org.

AAPD Manuscript Submission Checklist
This checklist applies specifically to original research articles, yet much of it will apply to submission of other manuscript
types, as well. Please see the section ‘Types of Manuscripts’ in the Instructions for Authors for complete information.

Submission Documents

AbstractoooSubmit manuscript in .doc or .docx format.

o

Two versions of the manuscript are be uploaded, one
version containing all the author information and one
version without any information identifying the authors
or their institutions (blinded).

ooManuscript is double spaced.
Used basic fonts such as Arial, Courier, Helvetica nosmaller than 11 points.

Tables appear at the end of the main document,
while photos, photomicrographs and graphs are to besubmitted as separate files (.jpg or .tif format only).

oo

IRB approval, informed consent (verbal or written),
HIPAA compliance (if from the United States), and/or
animal care committee must be included with thesubmission.
IRB approval letters must be in English, on official IRB
letterhead, and over an official signature of the IRB
approval agent.

o

For Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT): Studies that are
RCTs should consider CONSORT guidelines and checklist
available at: “www.consort-statement.org” in theorganization of the submission. This document can be
added as a supplemental file in ScholarOne.

o

For Cohort Studies: Studies that are observational cohort,case-controlled and cross-sectional studies should use
the STROBE checklist addressing the guidelines available
at: “www.strobe-statement.org/index.php?id=availablechecklists” in the organization of the submission. This
document can be added as a supplemental file in
ScholarOne.

The abstract is brief, providing the reader with aconcise yet complete summary of the paper.

o		Date range of study should be given.
o Number of patients/animals (including age and gender,
if appropriate) should be given.

oooVarious groups, including controls, described.

ooAbstract results parallel abstract methods.

Procedures performed should be described.
Specifics of evaluation should parallel the results portionof the abstract.
Abstract results contain quantitative data along withstatistical significance.

o

Abstract conclusions can be drawn from the results ofthe study.

Introductiono		Provides context for the article.
o		Provides objective of the study.
o		Provides a clear purpose/hypothesis.
o		Does not exceed two or three paragraphs.

Methodso		Asappropriate, includes a detailed description of
the study design or type of analysis.

o		As appropriate, includes dates and period of study.
o		As appropriate, includes condition, factors, or diseasestudied.

o		As appropriate, includes details of sample (e.g., study
participants and the setting from which they were drawn).

Short Titleo		As appropriate, includes method of random sequenceo		A brief but comprehensive phrase summarizing thepaper.

generation in detail (coin flip, random table, etc.)o		As appropriate, includes method of allocation concealment in detail (opaque envelopes, sequential numbereddrug containers, etc.)

Keywordso		Five words that appear in the title/abstract, and searchable in PubMed.

o		As appropriate, includes a description of treatment
providers.
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o		As appropriate, includes whether providers and participants were blinded.

o		As appropriate, includes inclusion and exclusion criteria.
o		As appropriate, includes intervention(s), if any.
o		As appropriate, includes outcome measures.
o		As appropriate, includes method of blinding of outcome
assessors.

o		As appropriate, includes method of standardizationand calibration of outcome assessors, including kappa
statistics.

o		As appropriate, includes statistical analysis.

Resultso		Clearly

Conclusionso		Synthesis of key points.
o List and number using Arabic numerals.
o Conclusions should be supported by data.
o		Numbered succinct statements.

Referenceso		Call out references in order they appear in text.
o		Adhere to AAPD guidelines.
o		Verify accuracy of your references.

Tablesmirrors methods; used subtitles if needed.
Check for consistency in data in text, tables, andfigures.
o		Report the results of the statistical analysis for all
variables collected and analyzed, not just for thosewhich exhibited statistical or near statistical significance.

o		Text and Tables must stand alone.

oo Include title for each table.
o Numbers correspond to numbers in text.
o		Define abbreviations below each table.

Figures

Discussiono		State pertinent new findings, and do not repeat results.
o How did your results differ from other relevantoAdhere to AAPD maximum requirements according totype of manuscript.

oImage resolution, after cropping to theinterest, should be a minimum 300-600 dpi.

literature?

oo

Do not cite tables or figures in the Discussion. Theseshould be introduced in the methods and results
sections.
Do not cite new results not previously reported in
the Results. All results the author wishes to discussmust have first been presented in the Results sectionof the manuscript.

oDescribe limitations of your study in the paragraphjust before your Conclusions. Include itemization oflimitations of any incomplete data.

oDescribe theappropriate.

type

of

futureAdhere to AAPD Maximum requirements according
to Type of Manuscript.

studiesneeded,

if

area

of

o		Figures should be submitted individually as .jpg or.tif files.

oFigures should be numbered in Arabic numerals in
the order of the first citation in the text.

o		Legends

for eachseparate page.

figuremustbeprintedonao		Figurelegends should clearly define findings oneach figure, with labels mentioned in the caption
if they are used in the figure.

o		If based on individual subject, caption should include
subject age and gender.
NOTE: Authors desiring to have more Figures or Tables, MUST
agree with the electronic publication of their manuscriptand select this preference. Each separate chart, graph or
photograph will be counted as a separate figure. Figuresgrouped together will be counted as their individual parts.
See examples on page 2.

8

instructions for authors|

2020®