The report of an A
Archaeoological Watch
hing Brrief
undeertaken withinn the Female
F
Divisi on, We
estWorkkshops,, and The Terracce secctions ofFremmantle Prison,P
F
Fremantle, Wes
stern A ustraliaa
For YH
HA WA Inc..

July 20015 | Simonn Colebroook and Ton
ny Bartlett

i

CO
OPYRIGHHT
Ow
wnership of the primaryry materials
s created inn the coursee ofthee research remainsr
thee property ofo Gavin Ja
ackson Culttural
Ressource Man
nagement (GGJCRM).
YHA WA Inc.. may use,, copy andd distribute the reportt forpro
purposes andoject designn, construcction and operationaloanyy other purrpose relatting to the proposed YHA WA Inc.
Fre
emantle Prison short tterm accom
mmodation project andd tocom
mply with any obliga
ations or dutiesdarising under any
appplicable law, includi ng but notnlimited to, relevvant
envvironmental, heritage, w
water and publicpworks
s legislationn.
Apa
art from th
he use by the partie
es describe
ed above, thisreproducedd orReport may not
n be useed, sold, published,p
disttributed wholly, or in ppart, without the prior writtenw
conssentof GavinG
Jacks
son Cultura
al Resource Managemeent.

This report, and the information containedcherein, is subject to cop
pyright and may not
n be copied in w
whole or part, by parties
other than YHA
A WA Inc withou
ut the written coonsent of the copyright holder, beingb
Gavin Jackkson Cultural Re
esource
Management.

ii

DIS
SCLAIMER
Wh
hilst every efforte
has beeen made tot ensure that all relevvant
datta has beenn presentedd, the authors are not accountableae foromissions an
nd inconssistencies that may result ffrom
info
ormation whhich may ccome to lighht in the future but whhichwass not forthcoming at th
he time of th
his researchh.
The
e results, conclusionscs and recoommendatio
ons within thisrepport are bas
sed on info
ormation av
vailable at the time off its
preeparation.

This report, and the information containedcherein, is subject to cop
pyright and may not
n be copied in w
whole or part, by parties
other than YHA
A WA Inc withou
ut the written coonsent of the copyright holder, beingb
Gavin Jackkson Cultural Re
esource
Management.

iii

EXECUT
TIVE SUMMARYThis docum
ment detailss the resultss of an Archhaeological Watching Brief (the Brief)B
related to pre-constrruction groound disturbance activities withhin the WorldW
Heritage, National
State Herita
N
Heritage and S
age listed Fremantle
F
P
Prison, Wes
sternAustralia (UNESCO Registratio n 1306; NationalNHe
eritage Placce ID 105762;
Western Au
ustralia Herritage Coun cil Registraation 01014)).

The subsurrface develo
opment con
nsisted of uttility and firee service pippe laying works
wfor the proposed youtth hostel deevelopmentt, commissioned by AD
DC Projects onbehalf of YHA WA Inc.

The Brief entailedethee archaeolo
ogical monittoring of 24
45 m² of treenching loc
catedwithin the Female
F
Division, West Workshopss and The TerraceTareaas of Frema
antle
Prison (the Work Areaa) (see Figu re 1).



The Brief was
w conductted intermitttently between the 31sts of July 20014 and the 20thof January 2015 by GJ
JCRM.



The aims ofo the Brief werew
to:o

conduct archa
aeological mmonitoring of all grou
und disturbbance work
ks in
orde
er to identiffy and reco
ord archaeo
ological ma
aterial reveaaled during
g theproccess; andodeteermine an appropriatte strategy for pre-co
onstruction archaeolog
gical
mitigation if necessary.

A total of 12 historical archaeolog
gical featurees related to the 19th aand 20th cen
ntury
occupation of the prisson, were rrevealed an
nd recordedd during thee course off theBrief.

A large asssemblage off artefactua
al material datingdfrom thet late 19thh to the late
e 20thcentury wa
as retrieved from a nu mber of thee archaeolo
ogical featuures, as we
ell asfrom the ge
eneral trenc
ching works . The asse
emblage inc
cludes metaal, ceramics andglass artefa
acts, as welll as a large
e amount of animal bonne.



No Aborigin
nal archaeo
ological matterial or site
es were noteed during thhe course of theBrief.

This report, and the information containedcherein, is subject to cop
pyright and may not
n be copied in w
whole or part, by parties
other than YHA
A WA Inc withou
ut the written coonsent of the copyright holder, beingb
Gavin Jackkson Cultural Re
esource
Management.

iv

RE
ECOMME
ENDATIOONS
It is recommen
nded that YHA
Y
WA In
nc ensure th
hat its employees and contractors
s, as
app
propriate, arre advised that:
1. no significa
ant subsurrface archa
aeological features,fdeeposits or artefacts werew
revealed during the archaeologicacal monitorring of the ground distturbance works
w
undertaken
n within the Female Divvision, Wes
st Workshop
ps or The T
Terrace area
as ofFremantle Prison;
2. a number ofo historical archaeolog
gical feature
es were revvealed durinng the Brieff andsubsequently recordedd, consistingg of:

two electrical conduitcfeattures (C.33
3 and C.118
8) recordedd in the Eas
stern
Cou
urtyard of the Femaale Divisionn, within Trenches
TS
ST4 and ST6
resp
pectively;thre
ee pits (C.42
2, C.53 andd C.62) reco
orded in thee Eastern C
Courtyard of theFemmale Divisio
on within Trrench ST5, and a fourrth pit (C.1007) recorde
ed in
the Western Co
ourtyard of the Female
e Division withinw
Trenchh ST20;

eatures (C.6
65 and C.77) recorded
d in the Easstern Courttyard
two wooden feof th
he Female Division, wi thin Trench
hes ST5 andd ST7 respeectively;

two brick featu
ures recorde
ed within th
he Westernn Courtyardd of the Fem
male
Diviision (C.105
5) and insidde the Wes
st Worksho
ops (C.37), within Tre
ench
ST1
17 and Sond
dage RS3 rrespectivelyy;

a fllagstone pa
ath (C.93) recorded within the northwest corner off theFemmale Divisio
on within Tre
ench ST12; and

two former internal divission walls (C.78 and C.119) reecorded in the
Norrthern and Western C
Courtyard areasaof thee Female Division, withinw
Trennches ST8, ST21, ST1
12 and Sond
dage TS3.

3. further groundworks undertakenuin proximiity to the aboveamenttioned feattures
should be avoidedaif possible.
p
H
However, if groundworks are neceessary, then an
archaeolog
gical watchinng brief sho
ould be carrried out in orderoto furtther mitigate
e for
the recordin
ng and/or preservationn in situ of th
he features;; and4. no Aborigin
nal archaeological sitess or materia
als were unc
covered durring the Brieef.

This report, and the information containedcherein, is subject to cop
pyright and may not
n be copied in w
whole or part, by parties
other than YHA
A WA Inc withou
ut the written coonsent of the copyright holder, beingb
Gavin Jackkson Cultural Re
esource
Management.

v

TABLE OF CONNTENTSCOPY
YRIGHT ........................................................... .................................................................................................... IDISCLAIMER ........................................................ ................................................................................................... II
CUTIVE SUMMA
ARY ........................................ .................................................................................................. III
EXEC
RECO
OMMENDATION
NS ......................................... .................................................................................................. IV
TABLLE OF CONTENTTS........................................... ................................................................................................... V
LIST OOF FIGURES.................................................. .................................................................................................. VI
LIST OOF PLATES ................................................... .................................................................................................. VI
LIST OOF TABLES ................................................... .................................................................................................. VI

SECTTION ONE – IN
NTRODUCTION, BACKGROUUND CONTEX
XT AND METHOD ......................................... 1
INTR
RODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1
PEERSONNEL ............................................................................................................................................. 6
BACKGROUND COONTEXT AND METHOD ............................................................................................... 7
AR
RCHAEOLOGICCAL BACKGROOUND.......................................................................................................... 7
FRREMANTLE PR
RISON CONSERRVATION MAN
NAGEMENT PLAN (2010) – PALASSISPARCCHITECTS.............. 9PR
REVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONNS WITHIN TH
HE WORK AREA
A ............................................. 10DESC
CRIPTION OF WORKS .................................................................................................................... 10
METTHODS AND PROCEDURES
P.....................
.
....................................................................................... 12

SECTTION TWO – RESULTSR
AND DISCUSSION ...................................................................................... 14
REESULTS................................................................................................................................................. 14
DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................................... 29
RECO
OMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 32
REFEERENCES CITEED ............................................................................................................................. 33

APPENDIX 1
W
WESTERN AUSTTRALIAN PLAN
NNING COMMMISSION APPROOVAL ............................................................ 34

APPENDIX 2
STTATE HERITAGGE OFFICE APPPROVAL .................................................................................................... 39

APPENDIX 3
DA
AA REGISTER SEARCH .......................................................................................................................... 43

APPENDIX 4DAAA SURVEY REEPORTS ........................................................................................................................... 48

This report, and the information containedcherein, is subject to cop
pyright and may not
n be copied in w
whole or part, by parties
other than YHA
A WA Inc withou
ut the written coonsent of the copyright holder, beingb
Gavin Jackkson Cultural Re
esource
Management.

vi
APPENDIX 5
TR
RENCH REGISTTER ................................................................................................................................. 38

APPENDIX 6FRREMANTLE PR
RISON CONSERRVATION PLAN
N: ZONE D, G AND
A Q. LEVELS OF SIGNIFICCANCE. ............... 39

APPENDIX 7
CO
ONTEXT REGISSTER ............................................................................................................................... 40

APPENDIX 8FINDS REGISTER ..................................................................................................................................... 41

LIST OF FIGU
URES
FIGURRE 1: FREMANTTLE PRISON WATTCHING BRIEF ‐ S ITE PLAN ................................................................................ 3
FIGURRE 2: FREMANTTLE PRISON ZONIN
NG (AFTER PALAASSIS ARCHITECTSS 2010) ........................................................... 4
FIGURRE 3: FREMANTTLE PRISON LEVELLS OF SIGNIFICANNCE (AFTER PALAASSIS ARCHITECTS 2010) ...................................... 5

LIST
T OF PLAATESW
FEATURE C.65 IN TRENCCH ST5 ................. 6
PLATE 1: DANIELLE TASSONE AND SIMON COLEBROOOK RECORDING WOODEN
PLATE 2: VIEW OF TRRENCHING WORKS IN THE NORTH ERN COURTYARD
D OF THE FEMALE DIVISION................................. 10
PLATE 3: SERVICE DUCT HOLE IN NORTTHERN PERIMETTER WALL (SCALEE = 1M) .......................................................... 11
PLATE 4: SERVICE DUCT HOLE IN WESTTERN PERIMETERR WALL (SCALE = 50CM)......................................................... 11
PLATE 5: VIEW OF ELLECTRICAL FEATUURE C.33 IN TRE NCH ST4, LOOKIING WEST (SCALE = 50 CM) ................................ 17
PLATE 6: VIEW OF ELLECTRICAL FEATUURE C.118 IN TRRENCH ST6, LOOKING SOUTHEAST
T (SCALE = 50 CCM) ..................... 18
PLATE 7: VIEW OF PIT C.42 IN TRENCCH ST5, LOOKINNG SOUTH (SCALEE = 50 CM) ...................................................... 19
PLATE 8: VIEW OF PIT C.53 IN TRENCCH ST5, LOOKINNG SOUTH (SCALEE = 50 CM) ...................................................... 20
PLATE 9: VIEW OF PIT C.62 IN TRENCCH ST5, LOOKINNG SOUTH (SCALEE = 50 CM) ...................................................... 21
PLATE 10: VIEW OF PIT
P C.107 IN TRENCH ST20, LOO
OKING EAST (SCA
ALE = 1 M) ...................................................... 22
PLATE 11: VIEW OF WOODENW
FEATURE C.65 IN TREN
NCH ST5, LOOKING EAST (SCALE = 50 CM).................................. 22
PLATE 12: VIEW OF WOODENW
FEATURE C.77 IN TREN
NCH ST7, LOOKING NORTH (SCALE = 50 CM)............................... 23
PLATE 13: VIEW OF BRICKB
FEATURE C.37
C IN SONDAGGE RS3, LOOKINGG NORTH (SCALE
E = 50 CM) ................................. 24
PLATE 14: VIEW OF BRICKB
FEATURE C.105
C
IN TRENCCH ST17, LOOKINNG SOUTHEAST (SSCALE = 1 M) ............................. 25
PLATE 15: VIEW OF REALIGNMENTROFO TRENCH ST12
2 (NOTE FLAGSTOONE PATH C.93),, LOOKING SOUTTH (SCALE = 50 CM
C ).......................................................................................................................................................... 26
PLATE 16: VIEW OF FLAGSTONEF
PATH
H C.93 REVEALE D IN TRENCH ST
T12 (SCALE = 50
0 CM) ........................................ 26
PLATE 17: VIEW OF WALL
W
C.78 REVEEALED IN SONDAAGE TS3, LOOKINNG WEST (SCALE = 50 CM) .................................. 27

LIST
T OF TABBLESTABLE 1: LOCATION AND
A DESCRIPTIOON OF TEST PITS, SONDAGES AND SERVICE TRENCH
HES ........................................... 15
TABLE 2: AMENDMENTS AND AMALGGAMATIONS OF S ERVICE TRENCHES ................................................................. 15

This report, and the information containedcherein, is subject to cop
pyright and may not
n be copied in w
whole or part, by parties
A WA Inc withou
ut the written coonsent of the copyright holder, beingb
Gavin Jackkson Cultural Re
esourceother than YHA
Management.

1

SECTION ONE – IN
NTRODUUCTION, BACKGROUND CONTEXXTAN
ND METHHOD
INT
TRODUCCTION
Thiss document details th
he results oof an Archaaeological Watching
W
B
Brief (the Brief)B
relaated to pre-cconstructionn ground di sturbance activitiesaunndertaken bby YHA WA
A Inc.
for the purposses of construction oof short sta
ay tourist accommodaaation within theFemmale Divisio
on of Fremantle Prison..
Thee subsurface
e developm
ment consistted of utility
y and fire se
ervice pipe llaying work
ks forthe proposed youthyhoste
el developm
ment, commmissioned by ADC Proojects (ADC
C) on
beh
half of YHA WA Inc. Th
he works coomprised thhe machine excavationn of trenches forutilitty and fire service pipee laying witthin the Female Division, West W
Workshops, andThee Terrace sections ofo Fremanttle Prison (the Workk Area).
YHA WA Inc.
com
mmissioned ADC to ac
ct as Constrruction Con
ntract Superrintendent aand coordin
nator
of th
he work of alla consultan
nts.
Frem
mantle Prison is includ
ded on the S
State Register of Herita
age Places (State Heritage
Placce Numberr 01014), the Nation
nal Heritagee List (Naational Heriitage Placee ID
1055762) and th
he UNESCOO World He
eritage List (UNESCO World Herittage Refereence
Nummber 1306) and, as su
uch, permisssion and guidance froom the Herittage Counc
cil ofWesstern Austra
alia was souught prior too the commmencement ofo the projeect.
Appproval was granted fo
or the prop
posed deve
elopment by the Wesstern Austra
alian
Plan
nning Commission annd the Statee Heritage Office in March
M20144, subject to anummber of con
nditions (seee Appendixx 1 and App
pendix 2). Condition 10 of the StateS
Herritage Officee approval statess
that;“Prior too the issue of a buildi ng permit, an Archaeo
ological Maanagement Plan
for all areasaof groound disturb
bance is to be submitte
ed to the H
Heritage Cou
uncil
for its approval.
aTh
he manage
ement plan shall identiffy zones off archaeolog
gical
potentiaal; establish
h levels of ssignificancee for such zones;z
mannage impacts ofproposeed works on (known
n and poteential) archhaeological deposits; andprovidinng on-site
e supervission and managem
ment durinng works inarchaeoologically-se
ensitive areeas.”
Gavvin Jacksonn Cultural ResourceRMa
anagement (GJCRM) was
w contraccted by AD
DC tofulfil this condittion.
ompleted in two phasess. Phase oone included
d theWorrk undertakken by GJCRM was coundertaking of archival research to establis
sh a detailed timelinne in orde
er to
ade
equately asssess zone
es of archhaeological potential and providde significa
ance
asse
essments. Phase twoo included the on-site
e supervisio
on of all prroposed gro
ound
disturbance woorks, in thee form of ann Archaeolo
ogical Watc
ching Brief (the Brief), theresuults of which
h are detaile
ed in this R
Report.
Thee Brief was conducted intermittenttly betweenn the 31st off July 2014 and the 20
0th ofJanuary 2015 by
b GJCRM (see Plate 1).
e aims of thee Brief were
e to:
The

This report, and the information containedcherein, is subject to cop
pyright and may not
n be copied in w
whole or part, by parties
A WA Inc withou
ut the written coonsent of the copyright holder, beingb
Gavin Jackkson Cultural Re
esourceother than YHA
Management.

2oconduct archa
aeological mmonitoring of all grou
und disturbbance work
ks in
orde
er to identiffy and reco
ord archaeo
ological ma
aterial reveaaled during
g theproccess; andodeteermine an appropriatte strategy for pre-co
onstruction archaeolog
gical
mitig
gation if necessary.

Thee Brief foccused on threetarea s within th
he Fremanntle Prison complex: thecourtyards surrounding th
he Female D
Division buildings; inte
ernal and exxternal porttionsof tthe West Workshops;W
and the ccar park loocated on The Terracce immedia
ately
outsside of the westernw
Perrimeter Walll.
Pre--developme
ent ground disturbancecross the WorkW
Area cconsisted ofo 28
e works ac
distinct units (ssee Figure 1)
1 comprisinng:

two tesst pits (TP1 and TP2 ) undertakeen by the developerdiin the Northern
Courtyard of the Female
F
Divi sion; and

26 serrvice trenchhes (ST1-S
ST26) undeertaken by the develooper utilisin
ng a
mecha
anical digger across thee entire Work Area

In aaddition, thee developerr drilled serrvice duct holeshat twoo locations, in the northern
and western Pe
erimeter Wa
alls of the W
Work Area. .
Six proactive test sondag
ges (TS1-TS
S6) were haand excava
ated by GJC
CRM within
n the
Fem
male Divisio
on and West Worksho
ops prior too mechanic
cal trench eexcavation, andthre
ee reactive investigativeie sondagess (RS1-RS3
3) were hand excavatedd by GJCR
RM to
dete
ermine the naturenand extent of reevealed archaeological features (ssee Figure 1).
1
A laarge assemb
blage of arttefactual ma
aterial was recovered fromfacrosss the Work Area
A
elow in Sec
duriing the Brief and this iss detailed bection Two and cataloguued in Appe
endix
8.
No Aboriginal archaeolog
gical materia
al or sites were notedd during thee course off the
Brie
ef.

This report, and the information containedcherein, is subject to cop
pyright and may not
n be copied in w
whole or part, by parties
A WA Inc withou
ut the written coonsent of the copyright holder, beingb
Gavin Jackkson Cultural Re
esourceother than YHA
Management.

Map 1: Fremantle Prison Watching Brief
Site Plan
382250

North Fremantle

East
Fremantle

Knu

tsfor

d

Av e n u e

ST21

ST11

ST14

South
Fremantle

ST5

ST8

TS4

TP1

ST12

Prison Area

C.78

ST2

VISIONFEMALE DI

C.119

20

ST26

C.33

RS1

ST25

ST19

GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50

ST22

C.107

TS1

Ground Disturbance Works

ST6

Service trench

Archaeological feature

C.105

Sondage / Test pit

Fremantle Prison
Building or
concrete pad

RS3Internal wall

6452850

Old wallService Layer Credits: Source: Esri,
DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS,
AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP,
swisstopo, and the GIS User Community
3822506452850WEST
PS
WORKSHO

Perimeter wall

- Heritage Sites and Surveyed Areas recorded in the field using GPS devices- DAA Sites provided by Dept of Indigenous Affairs WA- Roads, Tracks, Railways and Native Title Claims provided by Geoscience Australia- Aerial photography provided by Bing

C.118

ST17

I:\Work In Progress - GJCRM\Youth Hostels Aust - Fremantle Prison - YHA_1-Fremantle Prison\GIS Data\Shapefiles\Freo_Prison_Map_1 - Tony Revision.mxd

RS2

15

MetresScale 1 : 350 @ A3

Drawn: kmiddleton - Date: 16/03/2015

ST3

CE

AB
NCRETE SL
EXISTING CO

10

THE TERRA

ST20

5

ST4

±

! !
!
! !
!
!
! !!
!!
! !
!
! ! !
!! ! !!
!!
!
!!
!
!!
!! ! ! ! !!! !
!

C.65

ST1

TS6

!

C.42

C.118

TS3

6452900

Main Map

!

C.53

C.93

Fremantle Prison

0

ST7

TS5

ST13

White Gum
Valley

C.77

TP2

ST10

Fremantle
Prison Map

Fremantle

6452900

Location

382300TS23823004

Figure 2: Freman
ntle Prison zoning (aftter Palassis Architectts 2010)

This report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

5

Figu
ure 3: Frem
mantle Prison levels oof significa
ance (after Palassis A
Architects 2010)
2

This report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

6

PERSO
ONNEL
The following peop
ple participa
ated in the B
Brief.
Jackson CRM (Archaeologists)
Gavin J
Tony B
Bartlett
Simon Colebrook
MarrellJohn M
JJ McD
Dermott
Deboraah Russell
Danielle Tassoneee 1: Danielle Tassonee and Simoon Colebrook recordin
ng woodenn feature C.65 in
Plate
T
Trench ST55This report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

7

BACK
KGROUNND CONTTEXT AN D METHODARCHAAEOLOGIICAL BACCKGROUN
ND
Indigennous Archaaeology
The Reegister of Ab
boriginal Sittes, mainta ined by thee DAA, is a gazette of recorded places
pof
importaance to Abo
original peo
ople as defi ned under section 5 ofo the Aborriginal Herittage Act
1972 (W
WA). A sea
arch of the registerr
wass conducted
d in August 2014 to ideentify the nu
umber ofprevious Aborigina
al archaeolo
ogical and eethnographhic surveys that have bbeen underrtaken in
the vicinity of the Work Areaa and the nnumber of Aboriginal archaeologgical sites recordedr
within th
he Work Arrea (see Appendix 3 an
nd Appendix
x 4).
A total of two survvey reports are recorde
ed in the Register of AboriginalA
S
Sites that do
ocument
surveyss and placess in the gen
neral vicinityy of the Work Area up tot October 2014. A sin
ngle siteis held oon the Otheer Heritage Place regisster (site ID 24282) as stored dataa, which means thatthe site does not meetmthe critteria of an A
Aboriginal Archaeologi
A
cal Site undder section 5 of the
Aborigincal or ethno
nal Heritagee Act 1972 (WA). No rregistered AboriginalAarchaeologicaographic
sites arre registeredd within the Work Areaa.
The firsst survey reeport details an ethno
ographic surrvey underttaken by Fiisher and CuthbertC(2007) prior to a seriessof reestoration, conservatio
on and ada
aption workks proposedd by theDepartm
ment of Housing & Woorks (DHW ). This surrvey was co
onducted w
with represeentativese appropriafrom theate Nyoongar Aborigin al Corporattions and fa
amilies. Otther Heritag
ge Place
24282 was record
ded during this ethno
ographic coonsultation and constittutes a number ofimporta
ant artworkss located witthin the Prisson, createdd by prisoneers.
The second surve
ey report deetails a dessktop asses
ssment of proposedpdeevelopmentts along
High S
Street, Frem
mantle by the Departtment for Planning anda
Infrastrructure which was
conducted by Go
oode and Irvine (20088). This report doess not conttain any ad
dditional
informaation relatingg to Other HeritageHPla
ace 24282 recordedrbyy Fisher andd Cuthbert (2007).
(
Historic
cal Archae
eologyFremanntle Prison isi included on the Statte Register of Heritagee Places (Sttate Heritag
ge Place
Number 01014), thetNationaal Heritage List (Natioonal Heritag
ge Place ID
D 105762) and the
UNESC
CO World Heritage Listt (UNESCOO World Heritage Refere
ence Numbber 1306).
The Sta
ate Registe
er of Herita
age Places is maintainned by the Heritage C
Council of Western
W
Australiia and hass been madde accessib
ble online through thee inHerit poortal. InHe
erit is a
registryy of statutory and nonn-statutory heritage lis
stings as well
w as the results of heritage
surveyss and studie
es focusing on Europe
ean heritagee in Western Australia.. Fremantle
e Prison
was firsst entered onto this register ass an interim
m entry in 1992 andd establishe
ed as apermannent entry inn June 1995
5.
The Naational Heriitage Regis
ster is mainntained by the Austra
alian Heritaage Council and isaccessiible throughh the Austra
alian Herita
age Databas
se. The Au
ustralian Heeritage Data
abase isa registtry of statu
utory and non-statutornry heritage listings andd includes more than 20,000
natural,, historic an
nd Indigenous places l ocated throoughout Aus
stralia. Freemantle Pris
son wasadded tto this regisster in August 2005.
The UNNESCO Woorld Heritag
ge Registerr is maintained by thee United Naations Educcational,
Scientiffic and Culttural Organnization andd includes sitessof outstanding unniversal vallue fromacross the world. Fremantle Prison, alo
ong with tenn other conv
vict sites th roughout Australia,
A

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nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
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he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
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8
was plaaced on thiis register ini August 2
2010 and to
ogether theese form a single entrry under‘Australlian Convictt Sites’.
A searcch of the Sttate Registe
er of Herita
age Places inHerit porttal returns a total of 75 library
entries, which inccludes bookks, heritagee studies andareports related too Fremantle
e Prison(Heritagge Council State Heritage Officee 2015). Six
S of thesee entries di rectly relate
e to theFemalee Division annd/or the WestW
Workshhops. The most releva
ant reports aare those compiledcof Western Australia (1990,
by the Building Ma
anagementt Authority o(19955) and Kerr (1998)
which complemen
nt the mo
ost recent revision ofo the Freemantle Prrison Cons
servation
Manageement Plan (Palassis ArchitectsA22010).
Timelinne
Built in 1855 as a services
area
a for the Fre
emantle Co
onvict Estab
blishment, thhe original groupgofbuilding
gs within whatw
would later beco
ome the FemaleFDiv
vision includded a coo
okhouse,bakehoouse and lau
undry (Kerrr 1998). In 1886 the area was set aside for tthe develop
pment ofa femalle division anda by 1889
9 the divisio
on had beenn walled-offf and separrated from the main
prison. The conversion and demarcatioon of this areaamarks the establiishment of the first
separatte women’s prison in Western
W
Ausstralia (BMAA 1990).
During the converssion the norrthwest corn
ner of the building was transformeed into the Matron’s
M
Quarterrs. In addition at this time the norrthwest sec
ction of the courtyardcw
was cordone
ed off by
the connstruction ofo two interrnal divisio n walls to form a priivate gardeen. A plann of the‘Sequennce of deve
elopment’ of the Femalle Division (Building Managementt Authority 1995, 6)
shows tthe walls were constru
ucted somettime betweeen 1885 and 1889. Thhis plan also
o shows
that thee wall was reemoved som
metime betw
ween 1922 and 1970.
In 1895
5 additional cell blocks were adde d to the Female Division with the constructio
on of theEasternn Block, a singlesstory
y extension
n that exten
nded to thee east of thhe original building,bwhich rreduced thee size of th
he Eastern Courtyard area. The Eastern C
Courtyard area wasfurther reduced in 1904 with the develo
opment of thet
New Division whicch necessita
ated thedemolition and rep
placement of the origiinal easternn wall of the Eastern Courtyard. A new
dividing
g wall was erectede
17 feetf
to the w
west of the original. In
n 1909 a seecond store
ey of cell
blocks w
was added to the Eastern Block.
The Weest Worksho
ops were bu
uilt in 1900--01 after a commissioncn of inquiry ssupported attemptsato proviide work forr prisoners. The five w
workshops accommodaaated traditioonal trades, namely
painterss, mat makeers, shoema
akers, bookkbinders and tailors.
An annual report producedpinn 1913 (citeed in BMA 1995) reco
ords alteratiions to the easternard, mainly thet convers
sion of the area from a drying-are
ea into a gaarden that includedicourtyaturf andd a shed.
In 19222 a second dividing wall was consstructed in the Westernn Courtyard to the soutth of themain enntrance withhin the Perrimeter Wal l. This cre
eated a form
mal entrancce passage into theFemalee Division whichw
was flaanked to th e north by the southerrn wall of thhe Matron’s Garden
and to tthe south byb this new constructio
on. This wa
all also crea
ated a new
w separate spacesinthe souuthwest are
ea of the WesternWCouurtyard, whhich by 197
70 included a brick ba
arbecue,plantainns and a poossible smalll lean-to strructure (Lanndscan 1993).
Modifica
ations to th
he Female Division b
between 1922 and 1970 were reelatively minor andincludedd renovatio
ons in 1959, the re-equuipment of thet kitchen in 1967, annd the cons
structionof a neww volleyball court, althoough the exxact locationn of this is unknown.
u
In 1970
0 the female
e prisoners were transsferred to Ba
andyup Wo
omen’s Prisoon and the Female
Divisionn was connverted to house ma
ale prisone
ers. Thes
se converssions includ
ded theinstallattion of a neew larger ga
ate, the raissing of the north and westwPerimeeter Walls, and theThis report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

9
construction of a guardgpost and catwal k. It is pos
ssible that the gardenss planted withinw
thecourtyaards were reemoved at this time (BMMA 1995).
ntle Prison was decom
mmissioned in 1991 and consultaation regardding other possible
Fremanuses beegan. In 19
992 a submission to coonvert the Female Divission and Weest Workshhops intoa TAFE
E visual artts facility wasw
receiveed. Works on this coonversion bbegan in 19
993 andincludedd the consttruction of a free stand ing steel-fra
amed studioo in the Easstern Courty
yard. In
2000 thhese premisses were va
acated and iin 2009 exp
pressions off interest weere sought to lease
these aareas. YHA
A WA Inc. has
h now obttained Deve
elopmental Approval foor a change
e of use
for the p
premises too short stay accommod
dation.

FREMA
ANTLE PR
RISON COONSERVATTION MAN
NAGEMEN
NT PLAN (2(2010) –PALAS
SSIS ARC
CHITECTS
Fremanntle Prison zone plan
The Freemantle Prrison Conseervation Plaan (Palassiss Architects
s 2010) draaws upon previous
pwork unndertaken byb Kerr (19998) and Pa
alassis Arch
hitects (2000
0, 2003) in order to divide thePrison iinto 17 ‘zonnes’ (zones A to Q) (seee Figure 2). The Workk Area extennds across three ofthese zzones. Thee Female DivisionDannd West Workshops area classifieed as Zonee D; thenorthern and wesstern Perim
meter Wall s that delineate the Female D
Division annd WestWorkshhops are ide
entified as ZoneZ
G; andd The Terraace is incorp
porated intoo Zone Q.
Fremanntle Prison levels of significancsce
The Frremantle PrisonP
Conservation P
Plan estab
blished leveels of signnificance fo
or eachcomponnent of Frem
mantle Prisoon (see Figu
ure 3).
Zone DThe origina
al Female DivisionD
buildding is asse
essed as beeing of ‘exceeptionalsignificancee’;External sp
paces adjacent to the wwestern andd northern perimeterpwaalls in Zonee D havebeen assesssed as hav
ving ‘consid erable significance’;External sp
paces adjacent to the W
West Works
shops have been assesssed as hav
ving‘considerab
ble significance’;The majoritty of the extternal spacees, betweenn the existin
ng buildingss and externnal
walls, havee been asse
essed at a leevel of ‘som
me significannce’; and

The majoritty of interna
al spaces, oother than thhose previously mentiooned, have beenassessed asa having ‘considerable
e’ or ‘some significancee’.

Zone GThe Perimeeter Walls area assesse
ed as being of ‘exceptio
onal significcance’.

Zone Q

al spaces betweenb
Thee Terrace buildingsbNoo. 6 and No.. 8 have been
The externaassessed asa being of ‘exceptiona
al significanc
ce’.

are no scheeduled Urge
ent, Immedi ate or Future Works noted in the Conservation Plan
There aapplicable to the external spaces of the F
Female Diviision and WestW
Workshhops.
emantle Prison Conservation Plann also prov
vides a tablee of Levelss of Significa
ance for
The Freall builddings, fabricc and open areasawithinn Zone D, G and Q (seee Appendixx 6).
This report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

10

PREVIIOUS ARC
CHAEOLOGICAL EX
XCAVATIO
ONS WITHIN THE W
WORK AREEA
The only recordedd archaeolo
ogical excavvation in th
he Work Area was carrried out within the
Northerrn Courtyarrd of the Female
F
Divvision in 19
990 by Lou
uise Bavin of the Ce
entre forPrehistoory UWA (BBavin 1994)). Remains of a toilet blockband ruubble were ffound.

DESC
CRIPTIONN OF WO
ORKS
Groundd disturbancce works undertaken byy the variou
us contracto
ors of ADC Projects coomprised
the exccavation of multiple wa
ater and firee service trrenches thrroughout th e Female Division,
D
West W
Workshops and The Terrace arreas of Fre
emantle Prrison. Theese trenche
es wereexcavatted utilisingg a 1.6 ton WCM NT1
16C Mini Excavator with
w a flat grrading buckket (see
Plate 2). Followin
ng the insta
allation of tthe water andafire serrvice pipes the trenche
es wereed using thee excavatedd soil.
backfille
Furtherr groundwo
orks were undertakenn inside th
he northerrnmost secction of the West
Workshhops. These works consistedcoof lifting po
ortions of the concrette floor beffore theinstallattion of serviice pipes.
Additionnally, holes for service
e ducts werre drilled through the basalbcours es at two loocations
along thhe Perimete
er Wall. The first wass drilled thrrough the northernnPeerimeter Wa
all at thenorthern extent of Trench ST
T12 (see Pla
ate 3). Thiss purpose ofo the first sservice duc
ct was toconnect the fire se
ervices systtem with thee existing mains
msupply located oon Knutsford
d Street.
The seecond servicce duct wa
as drilled thhrough the western Perimeter
P
W
Wall at the westernextent of Trench ST19 (see Plate 4). The purpose of the second seervice duct was toconnect the fire se
ervices syste
em to a fire hydrant loc
cated on Th
he Terrace.
Plate
e 2: View ofo trenchingg works in the Northe
ern Courtya
ard of the F
Female Div
visionThis report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

11

Plate 3:3 Service ductdhole inn northern Perimeter Wall (Scal e = 1m)

Plate 4: Service duuct hole in western PerimeterP
Wall
W (Scale = 50cm)

This report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

12

METH
HODS ANND PROCCEDUREES
The Brief was cond
ducted usin
ng the follow
wing methodds:hival researrch; and1. arch
2. archhaeological monitoringg of ground disturbancee works witthin the Woork Area in order toiden
ntify and reccord archae
eological ma
aterial revea
aled during the works.
Archivaal Research
The arcchival reseaarch involved a compre
ehensive do
ocumentary and cartoggraphic searrch of all
relevant historical sources andapublica tions relate
ed to the WorkW
Area. A searchh of theAboriginnal Sites RegisterRheeld at the Departmen
nt of Aboriginal Affairrs (DAA), and theAustralia wasRegisteer of Herita
age Places held at thee Heritage Council off Western Aw
also
undertaaken in ord
der to identtify any preeviously reccorded sites
s within thee area, as well as
heritagee survey reeports detailing previou
us archaeo
ological surv
veys conduucted in thee region.
The ressults of the archivalaressearch havee been presented in thee context off the archae
eological
backgroound (see above).
a
Watching Brief
The deefinition of ana archaeo
ological wattching brieff (archaeolo
ogical moniitoring) is a formal
programmme of obsservation annd investiga
ation conducted during
g any operaation carriedd out fornon-arcchaeologica
al reasons thattwill ressult in the recordingrofo the archaaeological resourcerduring ddevelopmen
nt within a specifiedsarrea using appropriate methodsmannd practicess, where
there iss a possibility that archaeologicall deposits, features orr objects m
may be distu
urbed ordestroyyed.
In accoordance witth the Archhaeological Managemeent Plan, th
he aims off the Brief were toarchaeoologically monitorm
all groundg
distu
urbance woorks in ordeer to determmine whethe
er or notarchaeoological ma
aterial was being un covered duuring the works,w
andd to determmine anapproprriate strateg
gy for pre-co
onstruction archaeolog
gical mitigattion.
A team of qualified
d archaeolo
ogists were present duuring all groound disturbbance work
ks within
the Woork Area. Trenching
T
works
w
by th
he develope
er ceased whenwarchaaeological deposits,dfeaturess or objectts were disturbed or rrevealed. Subsequennt archaeoloogical inves
stigative
works w
were underrtaken by haand using ttrowels andd hand shovvels. Archaaeological features
were reecorded using pro-form
ma recordinng sheets and a full phhotographicc and drawnn record
was alsso compiled
d. In additio
on, sampless were taken from eachh of the spooil heaps ge
eneratedby the trenching works
wand thet materia
al was pass
sed through multiple neested 3 mm
m and 6mm sievves.
The leegislation relatingr
to Aborigina
al archaeo
ological heritage sitees and European
archaeoological heeritage sites
s are not the same and differe
ent proceduures are th
hereforerequiredd.
Indigenouss Archaeolog
gical Sites
In the e
event that AboriginalAarchaeologicacal sites we
ere identifie
ed during thhe Brief theey would
be recoorded to a standardssuufficient for tthe Aborigin
nal Cultural Materials C
Committee (ACMC)
to asseess if the pla
aces constitute a site under section 5 of thee Aboriginall Heritage Act
A 1972(WA) (D
DAA). Reprresentatives
s of the Nyooongar Trad
ditional Owner Group w
would be coonsultedregardinng any Abo
original arc
chaeologica
al sites iden
ntified durin
ng the Brieef. Any Ab
boriginalarchaeoological site
es recordedd during th
he Brief wo
ould requiree YHA WAA Inc. to su
ubmit anThis report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

13
applicattion under sections
18 ofo the Aborig
iginal Herita
age Act 197
72 (WA) for consent to use theland uppon which th
he site is loc
cated.
European Archaeologi
A
ical Sites
Any sig
gnificant Eurropean histtorical archa
aeological materialmunccovered witthin the Wo
ork Area,
would bbe recorded
d in detail, including co
ontext, to aid
a assessm
ment of signnificance. A report
would tthen be preepared for the Heritag
ge Council of Westernn Australia so that theey could
assess if works co
ould continue in accoordance with the Herittage of Weestern Austrralia Act
1990 (WWA).

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nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

14

SE
ECTION TWOT–R
RESULTS
S AND DISCUSSIO
ON
RESUL
LTS
YHA W
WA Inc. has undertakenn ground dissturbance works
win preeparation foor the instalment ofwater uutilities andd fire servic
ces, which form part of the larg
ger YHA W
WA Inc. shhort-term
accommmodation co
onstruction project. Th
he ground disturbance works havee taken plac
ce within
the Femmale Divisiion, West Workshopss and The Terrace sections of Fremantle Prison,
Western Australia (see Figuree 1).
An archhaeological Watching Brief (the B
Brief) was undertakenn by a teamm of archae
eologistsfrom Gaavin Jackso
on Cultural Resource M
Management (GJCRMM) between 31st July 20
014 andth
20 Ja
anuary 201
15. The Brief entaiiled the arrchaeologic
cal monitorring of all ground
disturba
ance activities underta
aken within the Work AreaA
in order to mitigaate against impacts
on poteential subsurface archa
aeological fe
eatures of th
he Prison.
Two shhovel test pits (TP1 and TP2) werre excavate
ed by the developer aggainst the northernnperimetter wall andd the toilet block with in the Nortthern Courttyard. Theese shovel test pits
were eexcavated byb the developer in oorder to reveal the fo
oundation ddeposits along thenorthern perimeterr wall.
o the commeencement ofo full-scale trenching activity,asix proactive tetest sondages (TS1Prior to– TS6) (<1 m2) we
ere hand ex
xcavated byy archaeolo
ogists in ord
der to evaluuate the subbsurface
deposits within thee Work Areaa.
ng this, 26 service tre
enches weree mechaniccally excava
ated by varrious contra
actors of
Followin
ADC Prrojects, culm
minating in a ground diisturbance footprintfof 245 m2.
Finally, an additio
onal three reactive i nvestigative
e sondages (RS1 – RS3) werre hand
excavatted by archhaeologists to determinne the nature and exte
ent of reveaaled archae
eological
featuress.
The subsurface sttratigraphic build-up oof cultural laayers and contextscthrroughout th
he Work
Area weere recordeed for all tes
st pits, sonddages and service trennches and details of such canbe founnd in Appenndix 7. Furrthermore, a descriptio
on and location for all ttest pits, so
ondagesand serrvice trenches can be foundfbelow
w in Table 1.
During the post-B
Brief analysis and the productionn of this rep
port a num
mber of the service
trenchees were com
mbined for clarity and the details
s of these area providedd in Table 2 below
and Appendix 5. Similarly, onceothe treenches weree finalised anda stratigrraphic relationships
establisshed it wass possible to combine
e a number of contex
xts and rem
move the duplicatednumberrs (see App
pendix 7).

This report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

15

Table 1: Location and descriptiondn of test pitts, sondages and serrvice trench
hes
Name

Location

Descriptio
on

Orientaation

Lengtth

Width

Depth

TP1

Female Divvision - Northernn Courtyard

Test Pitn/aa0.55 m0.25 m0.53 mTP2

Female Divvision - Northernn Courtyard

Test Pitn/aa0.73 m0.29 m0.42 mTS1

Female Division - Eastern Courtyard
C

Sondagen/aa0.40 m0.30 m0.40 mTS2

West Workshops - InnternalSondagen/aa0.30 m0.30 m1.00 mTS3

Female Divvision - Northernn Courtyard

Sondagen/aa0.30 m0.30 m0.65 m

TS4

Female Divvision - Northernn Courtyard

Sondagen/aa0.40 m0.40 m0.65 m

TS5

Female Divvision - Northernn Courtyard

Sondagen/aa0.40 m0.40 m0.65 m

TS6

Female Divvision - Northernn Courtyard

Sondagen/aa1.00 m0.50 m0.70 mSondagen/aa0.50 m0.40 m0.25 mSondagen/aa0.50 m0.40 m0.25 m

RS1
RS2

Female Diivision - Easternn Courtyard– withinw
Trench ST4SFemale Diivision - Easternn Courtyard– withinw
Trench ST4S

RS3West Workshops - InnternalSondagen/aa0.40 m0.40 m0.60 mST1

Female Diivision - Easternn Courtyard

Service Trench

E-WW

11.60 m0.60 m0.90 mST2

Female Diivision - Easternn Courtyard

Service Trench

E-W
W

8.20 m0.60 m0.90 mST3

Female Diivision - Easternn Courtyard

Service Trench

N-S
S

39.00 m0.90 m0.70 m

ST4

Female Diivision - Easternn Courtyard

Service Trench

N-S
S

32.80 m0.60 m0.70 m

ST5

Female Diivision - Easternn Courtyard

Service Trench

E-WW

27.1000.60 m

0.85 m

ST6

Female Diivision - Easternn Courtyard

Service Trench

E-WW

18.60 m0.80 m0.70 m

ST7

Female Diivision - Easternn Courtyard

Service Trench

N-S
S

5.70 m0.70 m0.70 m

ST8

Female Divvision - Northernn Courtyard

Service Trench

E-W
W

53.00 m0.60 m0.60 mST10

Female Divvision - Northernn Courtyard

Service Trench

N-S
S

2.20 m0.60 m0.60 m

ST11

Female Divvision - Northernn Courtyard

Service Trench

N-S
S

3.20 m0.60 m0.55 mST12

Female Divvision - Westernn Courtyard

Service Trench

N-S
S

5.70 m0.60 m0.80 m

ST13

Female Divvision - Northernn Courtyard

Service Trench

N-S
S

7.60 m0.60 m0.80 mST14

Female Divvision - Northernn Courtyard

Service Trench

N-S
S

17.50 m0.60 m0.60 m

ST17

Female Divvision - Westernn Courtyard

Service Trench

E-WW

5.50 m0.60 m0.80 m

ST19

Female Divvision - Westernn Courtyard

Service Trench

E-WW

3.50 m0.60 m0.70 m

ST20

Female Divvision - Westernn Courtyard

Service Trench

N-S
S

16.00 m0.70 m1.10 m

ST21

Female Divvision - Northernn Courtyard

Service Trench

E-WW

30.30 m0.60 m0.60 mST22

The Terrace

Service Trench

E-W
W

20.00 m0.80 m0.70 m

ST25

Female Divvision - Southerrn Courtyard

Service Trench

N-S
S

6.00 m0.40 m0.50 m

ST26

Female Divvision - Westernn Courtyard

Service Trench

E-WW

2.70 m0.60 m0.80 mTable 2: Amend
dments andd amalgamations of Service
S
Treenches
Trenc
ch

LocationL

Acttion

ST9

Female Divisioon - Northern Co
ourtyard

RemovedR– commbined with ST13

ST15

Female Division -Western Co
ourtyard

Removed – combinedd with ST12 andd ST20

ST16

Female Division -Western Co
ourtyard

RemovedR– commbined with ST12

ST18

Female Division -Western Co
ourtyard

RemovedR– commbined with ST17

ST23

Female Divisioon - Northern Co
ourtyard

RemovedR– commbined with ST14

ST24

Female Divisioon - Northern Co
ourtyard

RemovedR– commbined with ST13

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nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

16
No signnificant subssurface archhaeological features, depositsdor artefactsaweere revealed during
the archhaeological monitoring of the grou
und disturba
ance works undertakenn within the Female
Divisionn, West Workshops or The Terracce areas of Fremantle Prison.
P
A small number ofo historicall archaeolo
ogical features were revealed duuring the Brief andsubsequently recorded, consisting of:

ectrical con
nduit featu res (C.33 and C.118
8), recordeed in the Eastern
two eleCourtyaard of the Female Divission, within Trenches ST4
S and STT6 respectivvelythree piits (C.42, C.53
C
and C.662) recorde
ed in the Eastern Courttyard of the Female
Divisionn within Tre
ench ST5, and a fourth pit (C.107) record ed in the Western
W
Courtyaard of the Female Divission within Trench
T
ST2
20



two wooden features (C.65 a
and C.77) recordedrin the Easterrn Courtyarrd of theFemalee Division, withinw
Trencch ST5 and Trench ST7
7 respectiveely

two bricck features recorded w
within the WesternWCouurtyard of thhe Female Division(C.105)) and insidde the We
est Workshhops (C.37
7), within T
Trench ST
T17 and
Sondagge RS3 resp
pectivelya flagstone path (C.93) rec orded within the nortthwest cornner of the Female
Divisionandn within Trench ST12, a

two form
mer interna
al division w
walls (C.78 anda C.119) recorded inn the Northhern andWestern Courtyard
d areas of the Female
e Division, within Treenches ST8
8, ST21,
ST12 and Sondage
e TS3.

Full desscriptions ofo these features and t heir stratigrraphic conte
ext within thhe cultural build-upof the W
Work Area are
a found be
elow.
A widee variety of historical archaeolo
ogical mateerial was recoveredrdduring the ground
disturba
ance workss, including a high prroportion off glass botttles, animaal bone and metal
objects. A number of these materialsmaree detailed below,bwith a compreheensive list providedpin Appeendix 8.
No Abooriginal archhaeological sites or fe
eatures werre encounte
ered duringg the course of theBrief.

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nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
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17

Electric
cal featuress C.33 (Trench ST4)
An elecctrical conduit (C.33) comprisingcside by sid
de pairs of stacked lenngths of tarr coatedtimberss, was unco
overed and recorded aat the basee of the southern porttion of Tren
nch ST4(see Figure 1 andd Plate 5). The cond
duit was fu
urther inves
stigated by the excav
vation of
Sondagges RS1 an
nd RS2. Th
he individua
al timbers, whichw
measured 8 cm in width by 4 cm inthicknesss, housed two electric
cal cables ffixed betwe
een each pa
air. The connduit was obliquelyo(N-NW//S-SE) set acrossathe trencht
and tthe total lenngth of the conduitc
expoosed was 6.8
6 m.
Followinng the invvestigation and record
ding of thee electrical conduit ttrenching activitiesaresumeed, resulting
g in the rem
moval of thee feature annd the exca
avation of thhe trench too a final
depth oof 0.70 m. NaturalN
subbsoil (C.80) was reacheed througho
out the soutthern portio
on of thetrench.
e 5: View ofo electricall feature C..33 in Trench ST4, loo
oking westt (Scale = 50
5 cm)
Plate

ectrical cond
duit (C.33) appearsato ddate to the original Fem
male Divisioon construcction andThe elerenovattion in 1888
8. The orien
ntation of th
he electricity
y conduit too the north-nnorthwest suggestssthat it w
was once coonnected too a mains bboard locate
ed within th
he eastern w
wing of the Female
Divisionn building.

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18

 C.118 (Trench ST6)
An elecctrical conduit (C.118) comprisingg side by sid
de pairs of stacked lenngths of tarr coatedtimberss, was unco
overed and recorded aat the base of Trench ST6
S at its eeastern exteent (seeFigure 1 and Platee 6). The individual ttimbers, whhich measurred 8 cm inn width by 4 cm inthicknesss, housed two electric
cal cables fifixed betweeen each pair. The connduit was orrientatedobliquely (NW/SE)) across thee N/S aligne
ed trench. The
T total lenngth of the conduit exp
posed inthe trennch was 0.7
70 m.
Plate 6
6: View of electrical featuref
C.1
118 in Trench ST6, loo
oking souttheast (Scaale = 50cm)

The orientation of the electriccity conduitt aligns withh a corrode
ed iron braccket locatedd on theeasternn wall in thee southeastt corner of tthe Easternn Courtyard area. A mmodern flooodlight ispresentt above thiss bracket an
nd it is posssible that a previous lig
ght (since reremoved) was
w onceattacheed to the bra
acket and connectedctoo the electrricity conduit. Furtherm
more, the electricity
conduit is oriented
d northwestt toward a mmains boarrd located withinw
the eeastern wing of theFemalee Division bu
uilding.
This ele
ectrical conduit (C.118
8) is identica
al to that reecorded (C..33) in Trennch ST4 an
nd would
also appear to datee to the orig
ginal Femal e Division construction
cn and renovvation in 188
88.

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19

Pits
 C.42 (Trench ST5)
An occu
upational deebris pit (C.42) was reevealed andd recorded nearnthe ceentre of Tren
nch ST5
within the southernn baulk (seee Figure 1)). The pit cutscthrough the naturral subsoil anda wassealed by layer C.4
45 (see Pla
ate 7). The pit was truncated by thet trenchinng works an
nd had a
maximuum exposedd width of 0.40 m (E//W) and deepth of 0.17
7 m. It conntained a singlesfill(C.41) ccomprised ofo loosely compacted,
cdark greyis
sh brown sa
andy loam w
with charcoal flecks
and chuunks. A number of findds were reccovered fromm this conteext (see Apppendix 8). The cut(C.42) w
was v-shaped in profile
e with straig
ght sides an
nd a pointed
d base.
Vof pitt C.42 in Trrench ST5, looking soouth (Scalee = 50 cm)
Plate 7: View

 C.53 (Trench ST5)
An occupational debris pit (CC.53) was rerevealed an
nd recorded
d within bothh the northhern andsoutherrn baulks off Trench ST
T5 near its eastern exttent (see Figure 1). T
The pit cuts throughlayer C.45 and thee natural su
ubsoil (C.800) and was sealed by layerlC.44 (see Plate 8). The
pit wass truncated by the trennching worrks and had
d a maximum exposeed width of 1.13 m(E/W) aand a depth
h of 0.5 m. A total off five fills (CC.48, C. 49
9, C.50, C.551 and C.552) wererecordeed within th
he pit. Thee basal fill (C.52) com
mprised loos
sely compaacted, dark greyish
brown ffine grainedd sand with a maximum
m depth of 0.11 m. Fill C.52 conttained a nu
umber ofanimal bones (seee Append
dix 8).
T
The secondary fill (CC.51) com prised moderately
compaccted, dark blackishbbroown fine gra
ained sand. Fill C.51 containedcooccasional charcoalcchunks and small pieces of deecayed woo
od and frequent anima
al bone (seee Appendix 8). The
third filll (C.50) ovverlay C.51,, measured
d 0.08 m inn depth andd compriseed well com
mpacted,orangissh brown fin
ne sand. The
T fourth fiill (C.49) measured 0.10 m in deepth and coomprisedloosely compactedd, dark browwnish blackk sand. Th
his fill contained frequeent large chhunks ofcharcoaal and occasional piece
es of decayyed and parrtially burnt undiagnosttic wood, ass well as
a numbber of anim
mal bones. The final ffill (C.48) comprisedcmoderatelymcompact brownishbgrey cooarse sand with occas
sional charccoal flecks. The cut (CC.53) was u-shaped in profile
with gently sloping sides and a flat base.

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20

Plate 8: View
Vof pitt C.53 in Trrench ST5, looking soouth (Scalee = 50 cm)

 C.62 (Trench ST5)
An occcupational debrisdpit (C.62)(
was revealed and recorded in bothh the northern andsoutherrn baulks off Trench ST
T5, 3.0 m ffrom its wes
stern extent (see Figu re 1). The pit cuts
throughh layer C.45 and is sealed by C
C.44 (see Plate
P
9). TheT
pit wass truncatedd by thetrenchinng works whichw
revea
aled disturb
bance caus
sed by the installationn of moderrn water
servicess. These waterw
services had resu
ulted in the removal of the easternn half of thee pit andthe inse
ertion of a large, whitte plastic sstorm waterr pipe (C.117), which was subse
equently
backfille
ed with motttled, mode
erately comppacted, bro
ownish greyy sand (C.1 16). As a result of
this distturbance, th
he maximum
m exposed width (E/W) and depth
h of the pit w
was 0.6 m anda 0.45m respeectively. A total of two
o fills (C.63
3 and C.64) were recorrded within the pit. Th
he basalbrownish grey
fill (C.64
4) comprise
ed loosely compacted,
cgfine grained sandd which contained anumberr of animal bones (seee Appendix 8). The seecondary fill (C.63) com
mprised moderately
compaccted, brownish orange fine grainedd sand and also contaiined animall bone.

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he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
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21

Plate 9: View
Vof pitt C.62 in Trrench ST5, looking soouth (Scalee = 50 cm)

 C.107 (Trench ST20)
An occupational debrisdpit (CC.62) was revealed and recorded within th e eastern baulk ofTrench ST20, nearr its southern extent (ssee Figure 1).
1 The pit cuts throug h layers C.103 andC.12 annd is sealed
d by the current topso il (C.81). The
T pit was truncated by trenchin
ng works
and hadd a maximu
um exposedd width of 2..0 m (N/S) anda a maxim
mum expossed depth of 0.90 m(see Pllate 10). A single filll (C.108) w
was recorde
ed within th
he pit and comprised looselycompaccted, dark blackishbbroown sandy lloam. The fill containe
ed a large qquantity of artefactsadatablee to the 20thh century (seee Appendiix 8). The cut
c (C.107) of the pit haad a sharp break ofslope toop, sloping sides,sa sha
arp break off slope base and a flat base.

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22

Plate 10: View of pit
p C.107 in Trench ST
T20, looking east (Scaale = 1 m)

en features
Woode
 C.65 (Trench ST5)
A woodden featuree (C.65) wa
as and reccorded within the eastern baulk of the norrth/southaligned section of Trench ST
T5, approxim
mately 2.50
0 m southea
ast of pit C .53 (see Figure 1).
The fea
ature consissted of a lenngth of timbeer (C.65) se
et on edge thattmeasu red 0.04 m thick by
0.08 m wide and had a maxim
mum expose
ed length off 1.0 m (seee Plate 11).
e 11: View of woodenn feature C..65 in Trench ST5, loo
oking east (Scale = 50 cm)
Plate

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23
The timmber was in
nserted intoo, and partiially overlay
y a 0.26 m deep layeer (C.45) off looselycompaccted, greyish brown sandy loam w
with occasio
onal small lim
mestone incclusions. The
T layer
C.45 allso contained a thin lens of cha
arcoal and organic richh material at the base. Thisdeposit (C.45) exttended on either side (east and west) of th
he timber aand overlay
y natural
subsoil (C.80). Th
he layer C.45 to the easst of the tim
mber was red
duced by 0 .06 m in heeight andwas sealed by a layer (C.57)) of highly compacted, reddish orange clay.. Layers C.45
Cand
C.57, aas well as the woode
en feature, were subsequently ov
verlain by the currentt topsoil(C.81) e
extant throu
ughout the EasternECouurtyard areaa.
The woooden featuure (C.65) recorded in Trench ST
T5 would ap
ppear to re present a retainingr
feature acting as a boundarry between layer C.45
5 and the claycsurfacce C.57. A similarfeature was recorrded in Tre
ench ST7. The clay
y surface (C.57)(
wass also reco
orded in
Trenchees ST3, ST4, ST6 and ST7 throug
ghout the Eastern Courtyard area .
 C.77 (Trench ST7)
A woodden feature (C.77) wass revealed a
ed within Trench ST7,, approxima
ately 2.0
and recordem southh of the norrthern Perim
meter Wall, and was orientedoeas
st/west acrooss the trennch (seeFigure 1
1).
The woooden featuure (C.77) was
w partiallyy revealed and extend
ded into booth the easttern andwesternn baulks of the trench (see(Plate 1
12). It conssisted of a leength of tim
mber that measured
0.04 m in thicknesss by 0.08 m in width aand had a maximummexxposed lenggth of 0.70 m. Thistimber w
was inserte
ed into, and partially ovverlay the laayer C.45 whichw
extennded on eith
her side.
The layyer C.45 to thet north off the timber was reduce
ed by 0.06 m in height and was seealed bythe clayy layer C.57. Both the wooden ffeature (C.77) and lay
yer C.45 weere overlainn by thecurrent topsoil (C.881) extant thhroughout tthe Eastern Courtyard area.
Plate 12: View of
77 in Trenc
o wooden feature C.7
ch ST7, loo
oking northh (Scale = 50
5 cm)

The woooden featuure (C.77) recorded in Trench ST
T7 would ap
ppear to re present a retainingr
feature acting as a boundary
y between l ayer C.45 anda the cla
ay surface C
C.57, simila
ar to thewoodenn feature (CC.65) recorded in Trencch ST5.

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WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
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24
Brick feeatures C.37 (Sonddage RS3)
During renovation activities within the West Workkshops a rectangularr
brick built feature(C.37) w
was reveale
ed and reco
orded follow
wing the removal of the modern cconcrete flo
oor slab.
The sub
bsurface fea
ature was lo
ocated 3.30
0 m south of the northe
ern wall andd 0.70 m east of thewesternn wall and was
w archaeo
ologically innvestigated through So
ondage RS33 in order too furtherassess it (see Figu
ure 1).
ature was determined tot be an insspection chamber used
d to accesss a copper pipepand
The featap loca
ated at its base (see Plate 13), w
which is beelieved to datedto the construction of theWest W
Workshops in 1900-190
01. The chhamber wa
as capped byb a large llimestone slabs
that
was suurrounded by,b and contemporane
eous with, a layer of loosely coompact mid
d-orangecoarse grained sa
and (C.17) which conntained subb-angular liimestone aand slate fragment
inclusioons. This was
w sealed by a 0.08 m deep lay
yer of poure
ed concretee (C.15) whhich wasoverlainn by a 0.08 m thick con
ncrete slab ((C.14) whic
ch formed thhe extant grround surface.
The chaamber was rectangularr in plan andd measured
d 0.50 m (EE/W) by 0.355 m (N/S) by 0.60m
in depth
h and conta
ained a singgle fill (C.400) of mottleed, loosely compactedcbrownish greygfine
grainedd silty sand. Natural su
ubsoil (C.800) was revea
aled at the basebof the feature.
Plate
e 13: View of brick fea
ature C.37 in Sondag
ge RS3, looking north (Scale = 50
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nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
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25
 C.105 (Trench ST17)
A brick--built featurre (C.105) overlainoby tthree layerss (C.127, C.128 and C .129) was revealedr
and reccorded withhin Trench ST17
S
(see Figure 1) anda
has been interpreeted as a ba
arbeque(see Discussion below). The
T
rectanngular featu
ure compris
sed three walls of reed brickconstruction that was
w open too the northwwest and ha
ad a concre
ete base. Itt measured
d 0.60 m
in lengtth (NW/SE), 0.55 m in width (NE/S
SW) and 0..69 m in height (see P
Plate 14). The
T brick
construct was entirely finished
d in a ceme
ent render, and the low
wer levels oof the intern
nal walls
and thee base show
wed evidenc
ce of a pastt fire event oro events.
A rectaangular ape
erture was present ne
ear the base of the feature witthin the ba
ack wall,revealinng a channeel extending
g southeastt for a furthe
er 0.70 m. This featuree was overlain by a0.30 m deep layer (C.127) of mottled, m oderately compact,cyellowish greyy fine grained sandand inccluded large sub-roun
nded limesttone and reed brick fra
agments. A layer of poured
concrette (C.128), 0.10 m in depthdoverlaay C.127 annd this in tu
urn was cappped by threee large
concrette slabs (CC.129) which formedd the grou
und surface
e level att the time of thegroundw
works.
Plate 1
14: View ofo brick featture C.105 in Trench ST17, lookking southeeast (Scalee = 1 m)This report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

26
Flagstoone path
 C.93 (Trench ST12)
During trenching activities inn the northhwest corn
ner of the Female Di vision courrtyard aflagstonne path (C.993) was rev
vealed and rrecorded in Trench ST
T12 (see Figgure 1). The trench
was subbsequently realigned too avoid the feature (seee Plate 15).
Plate
w of realignnment of Trrench ST12
2 (note flag
gstone pathh C.93), loo
oking
e 15: Viewsouthh (Scale = 50
5 cm)

The path is 0.60 m wide (E-W
W), with a maximum length of 4.20 m (N-S)) and consists of alayer off cut limesttone flagsto
ones set in a concretee mortar (seee Plate 166). The fla
agstones
have avverage dime
ensions of 0.30
0m by 00.60 m by 0.07 m.
Pla
ate 16: Vie
ew of flagsttone path C
C.93 revealled in Trench ST12 (SScale = 50 cm)c

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he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
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27

d
walls
Formerr internal division
 C.78 (Sonddage TS3, TrenchTST8
8 and Trench ST21)
The baasal remains of a nortth-south or ientated former internal dividing wall (C.78
8) of theNortherrn Courtyardd of the Fem
male Divisio
on were revvealed by the excavatioon of Trench
hes ST8
and ST
T21 (see Fig
gure 1). Th
he wall wass further arc
chaeologica
ally investiggated and recorded
within S
Sondage TS
S3 (see Figu
ure 1 and P
Plate 17)
The waall represents a distinct split in thee subsurfac
ce stratigrap
phy of the N
Northern Co
ourtyard
area ass noted in TrenchesT
ST8 and ST2
21. The wall consists of a singlee course of roughly
hewn cut limestone
e blocks witth average dimensions
s of 0.50 m by 0.30 m bby 0.20 m. The top
surfacee of these blocksb
was level with the curren
nt topsoil laayer. The footing of the wallconsistss of a firmlyy compacte
ed limestone
e rubble co
onstruct in a light greyiish brown lime andsand mmortar (C.79
9) that was partially exxposed to a depth of 0.35 m and cut into thee natural
subsoil (C.80). Th
he overall deepth of the wall is 0.55
5 m and it has a survivving width off 0.30 m
and length of 6.75 m, extending from thee northern wall
w of the Female Divission to the northernnPerimetter Wall.
Plate
e 17: View of wall C.7
78 revealedd in Sondag
ge TS3, loo
oking west (Scale = 50 cm)

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28
 C.119 (Trench ST12)
The baasal remains of a form
mer dividing
g wall (C.119) were revealedrannd recorded within
Trench ST12, approximately 20.30
2m so uth of the northernnPerimeter Waall (see Figu
ure 1). It
is oriented east/we
est and exte
ends from th
he western Perimeter Wall
W to the western wa
all of theFemalee Division bu
uilding.
The waall represents a distinc
ct split in thee subsurfac
ce stratigraphy of the W
Western Co
ourtyard
area ass noted in Trench
T
ST1
12. The w
wall compris
ses a firmly
y compacte d limestone
e rubbleconstruct in a light greyish bro
own lime annd sand moortar (C.120) that was ppartially exp
posed toa depthh of 0.60 m and cut intoo the natura
al subsoil (CC.80). This was overlaiin by a singgle basal
course of roughly hewn, cut limestone b
blocks with averageadimmensions off 0.50 m by
y 0.30 m
by 0.200 m. The top surface of these bloccks was level with the currentctopssoil (C.81) laayer.
The oveerall depth ofo the wall is 0.60 m an
nd it has a survivingswidth of 0.30 m and leng
gth of 10
m, exteending from the westernn wall of thee Female DivisionD
to th
he western P
Perimeter Wall.
W

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29

DISCU
USSIONAn archhaeological Watching Brief relate
ed to groundd disturbance works uundertaken by YHA
within th
he Female Division, WestW
Workshhops, and The
T Terrace
e sections oof Fremantle
e Prison(the Woork Area), wasw carried out betweeen the 31 off July 2014 and the 20tth of January 2015.
The Watching Briief was undertaken aat the recom
mmendation of the H
Heritage Co
ouncil ofWestern Australia (see Appenndix 1) as F
Fremantle PrisonP
is included on thhe State Register of
Heritage Places (SState Herita
age Place N
Number 010
014), the National Herritage List (National
Heritage Place ID 105762) an
CO World Heritagend the UNE
ESCO Worldd Heritage List
L (UNESC
H
Referennce Numbe
er 1306). Gavin
G
Jacksson Cultura
al Resource
e Managem
ment (GJCR
RM) wascontraccted by YHA
A WA Inc. too fulfil this ccondition.
A largee and diversse assembllage of mettal, ceramicc and glasss artefacts, as well as a large
assembblage of animal bone, was recove
ered from thet Work Area during the Watching Briefand details of theese are pro
ovided in A
Appendix 4. These fin
nds date too the 19th anda
20th
centuryy occupation of the Female Divi sion, Westt Workshop
ps and Thee Terrace areasaofFremanntle Prison.
No Abooriginal archhaeological material or sites were noted durin
ng the coursse of the woorks.
Femalee Division
A total of two shovel test pitss, five test sondages, two purpos
sive sondagges and 19
9 servicetrenchees were exxcavated wiithin the Fe
emale Divission. As a result of the nature
e of theWatchinng Brief, it is not possible to ful ly documen
nt the archhaeological sequencing
g of thearea. H
However, it is possible to make thee following correlationss and assesssments.
Natural subsoil (C.80) was reeached thro ughout the Female Div
vision and tthe absence of any
cultural layers situ
ove this leuated imme
ediately aboevel would appear to reflect the original
scarping of the arrea. This wouldw
have occurred priorp
to the establishm
ment of the original
cookhouse, bakehhouse and laundry b uildings in the area (c.1855). The two pairs ofelectrica
al conduits (C.33 and C.118) unccovered withhin the Eastern Courtyyard and po
ositioned
directly above thee natural subsoils(C..80) are also believe
ed to date to this peeriod ofconstruction.
Trenchiing within thetnorthweest corner of the Fem
male Division revealeed a distinc
ct loamy
deposit (C.89) that has bee
en interpre
eted as thee remains of the Maatrons gard
den andcorrelattes with thee location annd descriptiion provided
d by Kerr (11998). A laarge assemblage oflate 19tth and earlyy 20th century finds wa
as recovered from context C.89 aand this included: avariety of green, brrown and cllear bottle gglass, as we
ell a number of compleete bottles; a varietyof whitee glazed cerramics, som
me of which were decoorated with transfertprinnts; ferrous tins andcans; feerrous lid andaplate componentscs and a nu
umber of coooking utennsils; a horrseshoe;square headed and square shhanked naills; amorpho
ous metal offcuts;oand a variety ofo animalbone. T
The majoritty of this ma
aterial was concentrated in the area directlyy west of thee formerdivisionn wall C.78
8. Some ofo the glasss bottles and shardss recoveredd from thiss denseconcentration are datable to the period between 19
934 and 19
948 using thhe embosse
ed AGM
trademaark presentt on the bases and a single com
mplete green
n bottle couuld be dated to theearly 200th century basedbuponn the presen
nce of an ap
pplied rim.
A flagstone path (C.93) whic
ch overlay part of con
ntext C.89 was also rrevealed within thenorthweest corner ofo the Femaale Division . The Build
ding Management Authhority’s 199
95 report
makes reference too the possib
bility of suc h a feature in the area which wass believed too extend
mer entrancce within thee Perimeterr Wall (BMAA 1995). Un
nfortunatelyy the path has been
to a form
truncate
ed to both thet north an
nd south whhich meanss the origina
al route andd extent of thet pathThis report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

30
could nnot be estab
blished. Hoowever, it iss possible tot state thatt the install ation and usageuofthe pathh is contem
mporaneous with the Ma
atrons garden as both are sealed by a single
e deposit(C.90).
Three ooccupationa
al debris pits (C.42, C
C.53 and C.62)
C
were revealed within the Eastern
Courtyaard area, whichw
conta
ained an aassemblage of early 20
2 th centuryy cultural material,m
includinng glass boottles, ceram
mic, ferrouss tins and cans,cferrouus nails annd animal bone.
bAnumberr of the bottles contained tempo
orally diagnostic featurres such ass crown seeals andAGM traademarks, which sugggest a date range betw
ween 1899 anda 1948. T
These occu
upational
debris p
pits were duug into a layer of sanddy loam (C.445) which likely repressents the ea
arly 20th
centuryy ground su
urface of the area. Th
his correlattes with thee 1913 annnual report (cited in
BMA, 1995) which
h records th
he conversio
on of the arrea from a drying-areaa into a gard
den thatincludedd areas of turf.
t
Two woooden featu
ures (C.65 and C.77) were revealed within the upper section of context
C.45 annd located tot the north and southw
west of the occupation
nal debris piits. These features
have beeen interprreted as rettaining con
nstructs that were inse
erted into C
C.45 to sep
parate a
newly ddeposited contextcC.57 from the existing ga
arden bed (C.45). Thhe newly deeposited
context (C.57) com
mprised a laayer of firm
mly compactted, coarse reddish orrange clay whichwispresentt throughout much of th
he Eastern Courtyard areaaand waas possiblyy used as a bedding
agent foor a secondd unknown surfaces
dur ing the mid-20th centurry.
In the W
Western Co
ourtyard a laarge occupa07) was parrtially revea
aled andational debris pit (C.10
contained a large assemblag
ge of early – mid 20th century fin
nds. Thesee included a brownstonewa
are ink botttle; an asso
ortment of kkitchen matterials inclu
uding cast i ron and en
namelled
tin potss, kettles an
nd pans; a varietyv
of w
white ceram
mic vessels and vessel fragments;; ferrous
metal ccomponentss, some of whichw
likely relate to a former bell system; a fferrous key; and anembosssed clear glass Schweppes bottle that was prroduced between 19344 and 1948..
This occcupation deebris pit wa
as cut into a layer of sandysloam (C.103) thaat likely rep
presents
an old garden bed
d, and this correlates w
with a Landdscan (19933) report w
which statess that an
encloseed court, coounting planntains and oother shrub
bs, was crea
ated in the area directtly southof the mmain Terrace entrance
e following the constrruction of an internal w
wall in 1922. This
stratigra
aphic relatio
onship coupled with th
he presenc
ce of artefac
ctual materrial dating fromftheearly – mid 20th centurycsug
ggests thatt the pit was created during thee mid-20th century.
Furtherrmore, givenn the wide varietyvof mmaterial reco
overed fromm within the pit, we believe that
this occcupational debrisdpit reeflects the rerenovations and the re-equipmentt of the kitchen andbakehoouse betwee
en 1959 andd 1967 (Buiilding Mana
agement Authority, 19995).
In the N
Northern an
nd Western Courtyard areas the basal rema
ains of two former walls (C.78
and C.1
119) were reecorded. The
T walls reeflect the co
onstruction ofo a private garden ass
sociated
with thee Matron’s Quarters inn the northwwest corner of the Fem
male Divisioon. The waalls wereconstructed somettime betweeen 1885 an d 1889 andd were remo
oved somettime betwee
en 1922and 197
70 (Buildingg Management Authori ty 1995, 6)..
Finally, the brick feeature (C.105) reveale
ed in the southwest corner of the Western Co
ourtyard
area haas been inte
erpreted ass a barbequue based in part on thee morphologgy of the sttructure.
While itt was not possible to determinedth
he exact function and purpose off this structu
ure from
the limited remainss revealed within the ttrench, coup
pled with th
he substantiial disturbance andabsence of secure
e stratigraphhic relationsships, it wou
uld appear thatt
the featture correla
ates witha brick barbeque mentionedminn a report p
produced byy Landscan (1993). Wee suggest then that
this feature post-da
ates the creeation of thee enclosed court mentiioned abovee (c.1922) anda predates th
he converssion of the prison in 1 970, indica
ating the strructure wass in use duuring themid-20tth century.

This report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

31
Westerrn Workshoop
The lifting of the exxtant modern concretee slab floor was monito
ored. As a result of thee natureof the W
Watching Brief,B
it is noot possible to fully doc
cument the archaeologgical sequencing ofand asses
the areea. Howevver, it is po
ossible to make the following correlationscssmentsthroughh the resultss gained from the sonddages excav
vated there..
Natural subsoil (CC.80) was reachedrwi thin both ofo the sonddages and this is beliieved torepreseent the initial scarping
g of the lim
mestone ridg
ge during 1855.
1
Thee presence of dark
blackishh grey sand (C.20) above this llikely repre
esents a cu
ultural layerr that accumulated
between the scarp
ping activity and the con
nstruction ofo the West Workshopss in 1900-01
1.
ature (C.37)) revealed withinw
the innterior of th e West Wo
orkshops
The recctangular brrick built fea
was insserted to prrovide access to a watter mains pipe
pthat rann below thee floor of th
he newly
constructed buildin
ng. This wouldw
sugg
gest that thhis feature is contempporaneous withw
theconstruction of th
he West Workshops
W
building in 1900-19
901.
Furtthermore, a large
assembblage of arcchaeologica
al material w
was recove
ered from withinw
this innspection chamber,includinng leather shoessoles anda offcuts , which dire
ectly relate to activitiess undertakeen within
the woorkshops. The surfac
ce of the feature is surrounded by a laayer of moderately
compaccted, greyissh white fin
ne grained sand with sub-angulaar limestonee inclusions
s (C.18)
which iss believed to represen
nt the origin
nal floor of thet workshops and caan also be dateddto
the 19000-1901 con
nstruction peeriod.
The Terrace
A singlee service treench was excavatedew
within The TerraceTarea
a and as a result of thee natureof the W
Watching Brrief it is not possible too provide an
ny discussio
on regardingg cultural acctivity orarchaeoological sequencing withinw
the area as no distinct archaeologaical feature
es wereencountered withinn the trenchh.

This report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

32

RECO
OMMENDDATIONSS
It is reecommended that YH
HA WA Incc ensure thatt
its emmployees annd contractors, as
approprriate, are addvised that:
1. no significant subsurface archaeolog
gical featurres, deposits or artefaacts were revealedrduriing the archhaeological monitoringg of the grou
und disturbance workss undertakeen within
the Female Divvision, Westt Workshop
ps or The Te
errace areas of Fremanntle Prison;
number of historical archaeologi
aical feature
es were reevealed durring the Brief and
2. a nsubsequently recorded,rcoonsisting off:

two eleectrical cond
duit feature
es (C.33 an
nd C.118), possiblypdaating to the original
constru
uction of thee Female Diivision in 18
888, recorde
ed in the Eaastern Courrtyard of
the Femmale Divisio
on, within Trrenches ST
T4 and ST6 respectivelyy;three piits (C.42, C.53
C
and C.662) recorde
ed in the Eastern Courttyard of the Female
Divisionn within Tre
ench ST5, and a fourth pit (C.107) record ed in the Western
W
Courtyaard of the Female Divission, within Trench ST2
20;



two wooden features (C.65 a
and C.77) recordedrin the Easterrn Courtyarrd of theFemalee Division, withinw
Trencch ST5 and Trench ST7
7 respectiveely;

two bricck features recorded w
within the WesternWCouurtyard of thhe Female Division(C.105)) and insidde the We
est Workshops (C.37)), within Trench ST
T17 and
Sondagge RS3 resp
pectively;a flagstone path (C.93) rec orded within the nortthwest cornner of the Female
Divisionandn within Trench ST12; a

two form
mer interna
al division w
walls (C.78 anda C.119) recorded inn the Northhern andWestern Courtyard
d areas of the Female
e Division, within Treenches ST8
8, ST21,
ST12 and Sondage
e TS3.

3. furthher groundw
works undeertaken in p
proximity to the above mentioned features shhould beavoided if posssible. How
wever, if grroundworkss are necesssary, then an archae
eological
watcching brief should be carried out in order too further mittigate for thhe recording
g and/orpresservation inn situ of the features; annd
4. no A
Aboriginal archaeologicacal sites or materials werew
uncoveered during the Brief.

This report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

33

REFER
RENCES CITED
Bavin, L. J. 1994, The punishment adm
ministered: archaeologyay and penaal institution
ns in theSwan Riverr Colony, Western
W
Ausstralia. PhD
D thesis, University of W
Western Australia.
Building
g Managem
ment Authoority. 1990, Fremantle
e Prison Co
onservationn and Futu
ure Use:Conservatio
on Plan. Go
overnment oof Western Australia.
Building
g Managem
ment Authoority. 1995, Fremantle
e Prison Co
onservationn and Futu
ure Use:
Detailed Co
onservationn Policy for F
Female Div
vision. Gove
ernment of W
Western Au
ustralia.
Fisher, S. 2007, ReportR
on ana ethnogra
aphic surve
ey of the prroposed woorks progra
amme atFremantle Prison,PCityy of Fremanntle, Westerrn Australia. Unpublisheed report.
Goode, B. 2008, A desktop ethnograp
phic Aborigginal heritag
ge survey oof the Highh Streetb
Sttirling High
hway and Carrington Street, Frremantle, Western
upgrade between
Australia. UnpublishedUd report.
2015,
Heritage
from:
HeritageCounccilStatee
OfficeInHerit.
Available
http://inheriit.stateherita
age.wa.govv.au/Public/Inventory/D
Details/ca1661bd9-4671--41ea96a0-82ef1
1918b077. [6[ July 20155].
Kerr, J. S. 1998, Fremantle
F
Prison:P
A pollicy for its conservationcn. Departmeent of Contract andManagemeent Services
s for the Fre
emantle Prisson Trust AdvisoryA
Com
mmittee.
Landscan (WA) 1993, in asssociation w
with Oline Richards, Fremantle
FP
ndscape
Prison, Lanconservatio
on policy annd developm
ment guideliines, prepared for the B
BMA of WA
A.
Palassis Architectss & Westerrn Australiaa Dept. of Contract
C& Managemeent Service
es 2000,
Fremantle Prison: zonnes of sign ificance, a revised assessment oof levels off cultural
gnificance. Unpublishe
ed report preparedpfor WA depaartment of ContractC
heritage sig
and Manag
gement Serv
vices.
Palassis Architectss & Westernn Australia D
Dept. of Hoousing and Works
W
20033, Fremantle
e Prisonheritage precinct,p
the convict establishm
ment, maste
er plan, P
Palassis Arc
chitects,
Subiaco, W.A.
W
Palassis Architectss. 2010, Frremantle Prrison Conseervation Ma
anagement Plan. Unpu
ublished
report prep
pared for th
he Building s and Man
nagement DivisionDof the Departtment ofTreasury and Finance.

This report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

34

AP
PPENDIX
X1
WESTERERN AUSTRRALIAN P
PLANNING
G COMMISSSION APPPROVAL

This report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
WA IInc without the written consent of th
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.

39APPPENDIXX2STATTE HERITAAGE OFFIICE APPROVALThis report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.
WA IInc without the written consent of th

43AP
PPENDIXX3
DAA REEGISTER SEARCHSThis report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.
WA IInc without the written consent of thAboriginal Heritage Inquiry System
Aboriginal Sites Database

Search Criteria
Other Heritage Place ID 24282
Disclaimer
The Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 preserves all Aboriginal sites in Western Australia whether or not they are registered. Aboriginal sites exist that are not recorded on
the Register of Aboriginal Sites, and some registered sites may no longer exist.
The information provided is made available in good faith and is predominately based on the information provided to the Department of Aboriginal Affairs by third
parties. The information is provided solely on the basis that readers will be responsible for making their own assessment as to the accuracy of the information. If you
find any errors or omissions in our records, including our maps, it would be appreciated if you email the details to the Department at HeritageEnquiries@daa.wa.gov.au
and we will make every effort to rectify it as soon as possible.

Copyright
Copyright in the information contained herein is and shall remain the property of the State of Western Australia. All rights reserved.

Coordinate Accuracy
Accuracy is shown as a code in brackets following the coordinates.

© Government of Western Australia

Report created: 07/10/2014 11:12:58

by: Public User

Identifier: 132709

Page: 1

Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System
Aboriginal Sites Database
Terminology (NB that some terminology has varied over the life of the legislation)
Place ID/Site ID: This a unique ID assigned by the Department of Aboriginal Affairs to the place
Status:o Registered Site: The place has been assessed as meeting Section 5 of the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972o Other Heritage Place which includes:- Stored Data / Not a Site: The place has been assessed as not meeting Section 5 of the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972
- Lodged: Information has been received in relation to the place, but an assessment has not been completed at this stage to determine if it meets
Section 5 of the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972
Access and Restrictions:o File Restricted = No: Availability of information (other than boundary) that the Department of Aboriginal Affairs holds in relation to the place is not restricted
in any way.
o File Restricted = Yes: Some of the information that the Department of Aboriginal Affairs holds in relation to the place is restricted if it is considered culturally
sensitive. This information will only be made available if the Department of Aboriginal Affairs receives written approval from the informants who provided theinformation. Download the Request to Access Restricted Information letter and form.
o Boundary Restricted = No: place location is shown as accurately as the information lodged with the Registrar allows.
o Boundary Restricted = Yes: To preserve confidentiality the exact location and extent of the place is not displayed on the map. However, the shaded region(generally with an area of at least 4km²) provides a general indication of where the place is located. If you are a landowner and wish to find out more about
the exact location of the place, please contact DAA.
o Restrictions:- No Restrictions: Anyone can view the information.
- Male Access Only: Only males can view restricted information.
- Female Access Only: Only females can view restricted information
Legacy ID: This is the former unique number that the former Department of Aboriginal Sites assigned to the place. This has been replaced by the Place ID / Site ID.

© Government of Western Australia

Report created: 07/10/2014 11:12:58

by: Public User

Identifier: 132709

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Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System
Aboriginal Sites Database

List of Other Heritage Places with Map
ID

Place Name

24282 Fremantle Prison© Government of Western Australia

File
Restricted

Boundary
Restricted

Restrictions

StatusNo

No

No Gender
Restrictions

Stored Data Historical,/ Not a Site Painting

Report created: 07/10/2014 11:12:58

by: Public User

Type

Knowledge
Holders

Coordinates

Legacy ID*Registered
382332mE
Knowledge
6452789mN Zone
Holder names 50 [Reliable]
available from
DAA

Identifier: 132709

Page: 3

Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System
Aboriginal Sites Database

LegendSelected Heritage Places
Other Heritage Places
Aboriginal Community
Occupied
Aboriginal Community
Unoccupied
Town
Search Area

Copyright for base map information
shall at all times remain the propertyof the Commonwealth of Australia,
Geoscience Australia - National
Mapping Division. All rights reserved.
Cadastre, Local Government
Authority, Native Title boundary,Roads data copyright © Western
Australian Land Information Authority
trading as Landgate (2014).
Geothermal Application, Geothermal
Title, Mining Tenement, Petroleum
Application, Petroleum Title boundary
data copyright © the State of Western
Australia (DMP) (2014.10)
For further important information on
using this information please see theDepartment of Aboriginal Affairs'
Terms of Use statement at
http://www.daa.wa.gov.au/Terms-OfUse/© Government of Western Australia

Report created: 07/10/2014 11:12:58

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Page: 4

48

AP
PPENDIXX4
DAA SUURVEY REEPORTSThis report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.
WA IInc without the written consent of thAboriginal Heritage Inquiry System
Survey Report Catalogue

Search Criteria
2 Survey Reports with information on the Other Heritage Place ID 24282
Disclaimer
Reports shown may not be held at DAA. Please consult report holder for more information. Refer to www.daa.wa.gov.au/heritage for information on requesting reports held by DAA.
The information provided is made available in good faith and is predominately based on the information provided to the Department of Aboriginal Affairs by third parties. The information isprovided solely on the basis that readers will be responsible for making their own assessment as to the accuracy of the information. If you find any errors or omissions in our records,
including our maps, it would be appreciated if you email the details to the Department at HeritageEnquiries@daa.wa.gov.au and we will make every effort to rectify it as soon as possible.

Copyright
Copyright in the information contained herein is and shall remain the property of the State of Western Australia. All rights reserved. This includes, but is not limited to, information from theRegister of Aboriginal Sites established under and maintained under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (AHA).

AccessSome reports are restricted.

© Government of Western Australia

Report created: 07/10/2014 11:09:04

by: Public User

Identifier: 132709

Page: 1

Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System
Survey Report Catalogue

Report ID

Title

Authors

22523

Report on an ethnographic survey of the proposed works programme at Fremantle Prison, City Fisher, Stuart
of Fremantle, WA

23295

A Desktop Ethnographic Aboriginal Heritage Survey of the High Street Upgrade Between
Stirling Highway and Carrington Street, Fremantle, Western Australia© Government of Western Australia

Report created: 07/10/2014 11:09:04

by: Public User

Identifier: 132709

Goode, Brad

Page: 2

51

AP
PPENDIX
X5
TREN
NCH REGIISTER

This report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.
WA IInc without the written consent of thName

Description

Location

Total
Length
(m)

TP1
TP2
TS1
TS2
TS3
TS4
TS5
TS6
RS1
RS2
RS3
ST1
ST2

Test pit
Test pit
Sondage
Sondage
Sondage
Sondage
Sondage
Sondage
Sondage
Sondage
Sondage
Service trench
Service trench

Female Division: North Courtyard
Female Division: North Courtyard
Female Division: East Courtyard
West Workshops: Interior
Female Division: North Courtyard
Female Division: North Courtyard
Female Division: North Courtyard
Female Division: North Courtyard
Female Division: East Courtyard
Female Division: East Courtyard
West Workshops: Internal
Female Division: East Courtyard
Female Division: East Courtyard

n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
11.6
8.2

0.25
0.29
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
1
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6

0.55
0.73
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.25
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
11.6
8.2

0.53
0.42
0.4
1.1
0.65
1.1
0.4
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.9
0.9

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

ST3
ST4

Service trench
Service trench

Female Division: East Courtyard
Female Division: East Courtyard

39
32.8

33.8
32.4

0.9
0.6

0.7
0.7

1
2

2, 3, 4, 81
5, 6, 81
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21
78, 79, 80, 81, 82
80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86
80, 81, 84, 87, 88
100
22, 23, 32, 33, 34, 80
22, 23, 32, 33, 34, 80
36, 37, 38, 40, 47, 80
30, 47, 81, 109
30, 47, 81, 110
22, 23, 25, 26, 30, 47, 57, 80, 111, 112,
113, 114
22, 23, 32, 33, 34, 57, 59, 60, 80

ST5
ST6
ST7
ST8
ST10
ST11

Service trench
Service trench
Service trench
Service trench
Service trench
Service trench

Female Division: East Courtyard
Female Division: East Courtyard
Female Division: East Courtyard
Female Division: North Courtyard
Female Division: North Courtyard
Female Division: North Courtyard

25.8
18.6
5.7
53
2.2
3.2

0.6
0.8
5.7
0.6
2.2
3.2

11.6
16.5
0.7
50
0.6
0.6

0.85
0.7
0.7
0.55
0.55
0.55

2
2
0
1
0
0

41, 42, 44, 45, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 57,
62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 80, 81, 116, 117
22, 23, 57, 70, 71, 73, 74, 80
44, 57, 77, 80, 81
80, 81, 82, 84, 86, 89, 90
80, 81, 82, 84, 86
80, 81, 82, 89, 90

Refuse pits, wooden garden retaining
featureFormer internal division wall foundation
Wooden garden retaining feature
n/a
n/a
n/a

ST12
ST13
ST14
ST17
ST19

Service trench
Service trench
Service trench
Service trench
Service trench

Female Division: West Courtyard
Female Division: North Courtyard
Female Division: North Courtyard
Female Division: West Courtyard
Female Division: West Courtyard

49.2
7.6
17.5
2
3.5

49.2
5.6
14.7
2
0.6

0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
3.5

0.7
0.7
0.4
0.55
0.7

0
1
1
0
0

80, 81, 82, 89, 93
47, 80, 81, 86, 102
47, 80, 81, 86
47, 80, 81, 104, 105
47, 80, 81, 104, 106

Flagstone path and former internal divisionwall foundationn/an/aBrick feature
n/a

ST20
ST21
ST22

Service trench
Service trench
Service trench

16
30.3
20

12
0.6
20

0.7
30.3
2.2

1.1
0.7
0.7

1
0
0

47, 80, 81, 103, 107, 108
80, 81, 82, 89, 90
94, 95, 96, 97, 98

Pit
n/a
n/a

ST25
ST26

Service trench
Service trench

Female Division: West Courtyard
Female Division: North Courtyard
The Terrace
Female Division: Southern
Courtyard
Female Division: West Courtyard

22, 23, 25
n/a
28
40
n/a
33, 34, 35, 36,
37, 38
n/a
n/a

6
3.8

6
0.6

0.4
3.8

0.5
0.8

0
0

22, 80

n/a
n/a

n/a
n/a

N‐S (m)E‐W (m)

Depth
(m)

Spurs

Context Numbers

Feature Types

Finds Numbers

n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Former internal division wall foundation
n/a
n/a
n/a
Electrical conduit
Electrical conduit
Red brick water services inspection chamber
n/a
n/a

n/a
n/a
1, 2, 3
n/a
n/a
18
20
n/a
11
n/a
10
n/a
n/a

n/a
Electrical conduit

4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
11
13, 14, 16, 17
n/an/a
19, 21, 39
n/a
n/a

53

AP
PPENDIX
X6FREM
MANTLE PRISONPCOONSERVAATION PLA
AN: ZONE D, G AND
D Q. LEVEELS OFSIG
GNIFICAN
NCE.

This report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.
WA IInc without the written consent of thZone D
Whole of Female Division unless otherwise stated
Former Bakehouse, Cookhouse and Laundry in Female DivisionFirst floor brick addition to eastern wing of Female Division
Steel cages of Female Division
Former kitchen (classroom) in Female Division
Eastern and southern division perimeter walls
Eastern yard
TAFE jewellery studio
Small northern addition to east wing and Reception
West Workshops
Steel mesh screens in West Workshops
Office and dark room in print shop of West Workshops
Toilets in West Workshops

Zone G
Northern perimeter wall
Eastern perimeter wall
Southern perimeter wall
Western perimeter wall

Considerable SignificanceExceptional SignificanceSome significanceSome significanceSome significanceSome significanceSome significance
Little significance
Little significanceSome significanceSome significance
Little significance
Little significanceLevel of SignificanceExceptional significanceExceptional significanceExceptional significanceExceptional significanceZone QThe Terrace
2 The Terrace
4 & 6 The Terrace
8 The Terrace
18 The Terrace
Stable at 18 The Terrace
Knutsford Street Ramp

Level of SignificanceLevel of SignificanceExceptional significanceConsiderable significanceSome significanceExceptional significanceConsiderable significanceConsiderable significanceExceptional significance55

AP
PPENDIXX7
CONTTEXT REG
GISTER

This report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.
WA IInc without the written consent of thContext
NumberContext TypeTrench Number

Description

3

Wall foundation

Sondage TP1

Comprised two courses of roughly hewn limestone blocks set in a lime and sand mortar

4

DepositSondage TP1

Comprised firmly compacted, whitish grey limestone rubble and mortar with occasional charcoal flecks and chunks

5

Wall footing

Sondage TP2

Limestone rubble construct in lime/sand mortar. Foundation footing course of butress B9 of Northern Perimeter Wall.

6

DepositSondage TP2

Comprised firmly compacted, whitish grey limestone rubble and mortar with occasional charcoal flecks and chunks.

7

DepositSondage TS1

Sterile, moderately compacted, orange coarse grained sand8

DepositSondage TS1

Loosely compacted, mottled light greyish orange, coarse grained sand.

9

DepositSondage TS1

DepositSondage TS1

Sterile, moderately compacted, orange, coarse grained sand.
Comprised moderately compacted, light whitish grey, coarse grained sand intermixed with occasional sub-rounded limestones andcharcoal flecks

11

DepositSondage TS1

Loosely compacted, mottled greyish orange, coarse grained sand

12

Cut

Sondage TS1

Cut of trench for water pipe (C.13) containing C.11.

13

Water Pipe
Concrete slab - extant
ground surface

Sondage TS2

Modern plastic water pipe at base of C.12.

Sondage TS2

Poured concrete floor of TAFE conversion.

15

Concrete layer

Sondage TS2

Poured concrete levelling agent

16

Wall footing

Sondage TS2

DepositSondage TS2

Limestone rubble set in sand and lime mortar forming footing of external western West Workshop wall.
Moderately compacted, greyish white fine grained sand with moderate, small slate inclusions and occasional small sub-angularlimestone inclusions.

DepositSondage TS2

DepositSondage TS2

Moderately compacted, greyish white, coarse grained sand.
Loosely compacted, dull orange, coarse grained sand that contained frequent slate fragments and small, sub-angular limestone
inclusions.

20

DepositSondage TS2

Comprised moderately compacted, damp, dark blackish grey, fine grained sand with frequent charcoal flecks.

22

Surface

Sondage RS1, Sondage RS2, Trench ST3, Trench ST4, Trench ST6, Trench ST25

Tarmacadam surface which covers ground surface of Eastern Courtyard.

23

Layer

Trench ST3, Trench ST6

Cultural Layer

Trench ST3Moderately compacted, whitish grey coarse grained sand intermixed with sub-angular limestone gravel.
Comprised moderately compacted, dark blackish brown, fine grained sandy loam that contained occasional charcoal flecks andsmall chunks.

26

Layer

Trench ST3Moderately compacted, light grey, fine grained sand with small limestone inclusions.

30

Deposit

Trench ST1, Trench ST2

Deposit
Wooden electricity cablesheathSondage RS1, Sondage RS2, Trench ST4

Mottled, loosely compacted light grey, fine grained sand.
Mottled, moderately compacted, grey fine sand intermixed with coarse yellow sand, large compacted limestone pieces, andoccasional chunks of tarmacadam inclusions.

Sondage RS1, Sondage RS2, Trench ST4

Electrical conduit, comprising side by side pairs of stacked lengths of tar coated timber.

DepositSondage RS1, Sondage RS2, Trench ST4

Brick feature

Sondage RS3

Comprised firmly compacted, whitish grey, fine grained sand and limestone.
Red brick wall forming the square pit (feature). Brick appears similar to original Western Workshops structure. Mortar has turned
to sand.

Pipe

Sondage RS3

10

14

17
18
19

25

32
33
34
37
38

Fill

Sondage RS3

Heavy copper pipe ‘T-junction’ and tap.
Comprised mottled, loosely compacted, brownish grey, fine grained silty-sand with visible orangey red staining which has beencaused by the decomposition of ferrous material found within.

41

Layer

Trench ST5Comprised loosely compacted, dark greyish brown sandy loam with charcoal flecks and chunks.

42

Cut

Trench ST5

V-shaped in profile with sharply angled sides. Cut into C.45 for refuse pit 1 and backfilled with C.41.

44

Subsoil

Trench ST5

Deposit
Modern deposit

Trench ST5, Trench ST7
Sondage TP2, Trench ST1, Trench ST2, Trench ST13, Trench ST14, Trench ST16,
Trench ST17, Trench ST19, Trench ST20

Mottled, moderately compacted, brownish grey fine sand, with occasional charcoal flecking.
Comprised moderately compacted, greyish brown fine sandy loam, with occasional inclusions of small sub-angular limestones anddecayed organic material.

Culturla Deposit

Trench ST5

Cultural Deposit

Trench ST5Comprised of moderately compacted, brownish grey, coarse sand, with occasional charcoal flecking.
Comprised loosely compacted, dark brownish black sand and decayed organic material. Frequent large chunks of charcoal andinfrequent pieces of decayed partially burnt wood and animal bones.

Deposit

Trench ST5

Well compacted, orangey brown find sand.

40

45
47
48
49
50

Comprised bright yellowish orange, moderately compact coarse grained sand, with no inclusions.

Context
NumberContext TypeTrench Number

Description

51

Cultural Deposit

Trench ST5Comprised moderately compacted, dark blackish brown fine grained sand with larger charcoal chunks.

52

Cultural Deposit

Trench ST5

Loosely compacted, dark greyish brown fine grained sand and contained animal bones.

53

Cut

Trench ST5

Cut for occupational debris pit 2.

57

Layer

Trench ST3, Trench ST4, Trench ST5, Trench ST6, Trench ST7

Firmly compacted, reddish orange clay intermixed with and small sub-angular gravels.

59

Deposit

Trench ST4Moderately compacted, greyish brown, fine grained sand that contained infrequent limestone inclusions.

60

Deposit

Trench ST4Comprised moderately compacted, yellowish grey, fine grey sand and limestone.

62

Cut

Trench ST5

Cut for occupational debris pit 3.

63

Deposit

Trench ST5Comprised moderately compacted, brownish orange fine grained sand and some animal bone.

64

Deposit

Trench ST5Comprised loosely compacted, brownish grey fine grained sand which contained a number of animal bones.

65

Wooden Feature

Trench ST5

Deposit

Trench ST6

Wooden beam measuring 4 x 8 cm and greater than 1 m in length.
Comprised moderately compact, greyish brown sand with small sub-angular limestone inclusions. Infrequent fragments of red
brick were also visible.

74

Footing

Trench ST6

Large rough-hewn limestone boulder which has begun to degrade. Interpreted as footing for the internal division wall buttress.

77

Wooden Feature

Trench ST7

Wooden beam measuring 8 x 4 cm and greater than 70 cm in length.

78

Wall

Sondage TS3, Trench ST8Single basal course of roughly hewn cut limestone blocks which formed part a previous wall.

79

Wall footing

Sondage TS3

Comprised large, firmly compacted limestone rubble set in a lime and sand mortar cut into the natural subsoil

71

Subsoil

Sondage TS3, Sondage TS4, Sondage TS5, Sondage RS1, Sondage RS2, Sondage
RS3, Trench ST3, Trench ST4, Trench ST5, Trench ST6, Trench ST7, Trench ST8,
Trench ST10, Trench ST11, Trench ST12, Trench ST13, Trench ST14, Trench ST16,
Trench ST17, Trench ST17, Trench ST19, Trench ST20, Trench ST21, Trench ST25
Sondage TP1, Sondage TP1, Sondage TS3, Sondage TS4, Sondage TS5, Trench
ST1, Trench ST2, Trench ST5, Trench ST7, Trench ST8, Trench ST10, Trench ST11,
Trench ST12, Trench ST13, Trench ST14, Trench ST17, Trench ST19, Trench ST20,
Trench ST21
Test Sondage 3, Test Sondage 4, Trench ST8, Trench ST11, Trench ST12, Trench
ST21

DepositSondage TS4, Sondage TS5, Trench ST8, Trench ST1080
Subsoil
81
Grass surface
82
84

Grey/white with small limestone inclusions. Interpreted as natural deposit.

Top layer of grass which was presumably planted during the 1996 TAFE development. Modern reticulation throughout.
Dull orangey brown, fine grained silty loam

Layer

Sondage TS4, Trench ST8, Trench ST10, Trench ST13, Trench ST14

Mottled, moderately compacted, greyish brown fine grained sand intermixed with a decayed organic sediment.
Comprised moderately compacted, brownish grey, coarse grained sand with occasional sub-angular and sub-rounded limestone
inclusions

87

Cable

Sondage TS5

Modern electricity cable in bright red plastic sheath.

88

DepositSondage TS5

Mottled, loosely compacted, blackish grey, sandy loam with frequent charcoal specks and chunks inclusions.

89

Cultural Deposit

Trench ST8, Trench ST11, Trench ST12, Trench ST21

Comprised mottled, loosely compacted, blackish grey, sandy loam with frequent charcoal specks and chunks

90

Deposit

Trench ST8, Trench ST11, Trench ST21

86

Flagstone path

Trench ST12

A thin lens of moderately compacted, coarse grained yellow sand.
Flagstone path - 0.60 m wide and 4.2 m long. Flagstones are cut limestone with sand and cement mortar. It is probable that theoriginal path was longer and that the flagstones have since been lifted.

94

Surface

Trench ST22

Tarmacadum which forms current surface of The Terrace car park.

95

Deposit

Trench ST22

Deposit

Trench ST22

Firmly compacted, reddish orange clay
Loosely compacted, yellowish grey, fine grained sand that contained moderate small, sub-rounded limestones and occasional red
brick fragments.

Deposit

Trench ST22

93

96
97

DepositSondage TS6

Comprised moderately compacted, light grey fine grained sand that included occasional charcoal flecking.
Comprised heavily mottled, loosely compacted, orangey grey, coarse grained sand intermixed with small sub-rounded limestones.
Modern materials such as polythene bags, bitumen, slate and general discard were present throughout the context.

102

Pipe

Trench ST13

Narrow cast iron pipe in poor condition.

103

Deposit

Trench ST16, Trench ST20

Loosely compacted, dark blackish brown loam.

104

Cultural Deposit

Trench ST17, Trench ST17, Trench ST19

Brick Feature

Trench ST17

Mottled moderately compacted, brownish grey, fine grained sand with large sub-rounded limestone inclusions.
Enigmatic brick feature revealed in the lower depths of the trench would appear to represent a firebox and flue based upon thedesign of the structure and the discolouration of the render.

Pipe

Trench ST19

Large cast iron water pipe.

100

105
106

Context
NumberContext TypeTrench Number

Description

107

Cut

Trench ST20

Cut for occupational debris pit

108

Cultural Deposit

Trench ST20

Comprised a loosely compacted, dark blackish brown sandy loam and contained a number of 20th Century artefacts.

109

Pipe

Trench ST1Modern, large white plastic storm water drainage pipe.

110

Pipe

Trench ST2Modern white plastic storm water drainage pipe.

111

Pipe

Trench ST3

Small non-ferrous water pipe sheathed in insultation.

112

Pipe

Trench ST3Modern white plastic storm water drainage pipe.

113

Cut

Trench ST3

Cut for C.111 and C.112

114

Foundations

Trench ST3

Poured concrete foundation blocks running along eastern edge of C115.

115

Slab

Eastern Courtyard

Poured concrete slab which functioned as foundations for 1996 TAFE construct.

116

Deposit

Trench ST5

Mottled, moderately compacted, brownish grey sand. Mixed backfill.

117

Pipe
Wooden electricity cablesheathTrench ST5Large, white plastic modern storm water pipe

Trench ST7

An electrical conduit comprising side by side pairs of stacked lengths of tar coated timber.

119

Wall

Trench ST12

Single basel course of roughly hewn cut limestone blocks which formed part of a previous wall.

120

Wall footing

Trench ST12

Firmly compacted limestone rubble construct in a light greyish brown lime and sand mortar.

121

Surface

Trench ST12

118

Deposit

Trench ST12

Modern concrete paving slabs present throughout southwest portion of Western Courtyard.
Comprised moderately compacted, whitish grey, fine grained sand with frequent small, sub-rounded limestone inclusions. Red
brick and brick fragments were present.

123

Pipe

Trench ST13

Narrow cast iron pipe in poor condition.

124

Pipe

Trench ST13

Cast iron pipe housed in a concave, precast concrete chute with identical capping

125

Pipe

Trench ST21

Narrow, corroded cast iron water pipe

126

Pipe

Trench ST25

122

Deposit

Trench ST17

Narrow, corroded cast iron water pipe
Mottled, moderately compacted, yellowish grey, fine grained sand and included large sub-rounded limestones and red brickfragments.

128

Foundation

Trench ST17

Poured concrete 'L-shaped' deposit.

129

Concrete slab

Trench ST17

3 piece concrete slab overlaying C.128

130

Deposit

Trench ST26

Moderately compacted, brownish orange, fine grained sand131

Deposit

Trench ST19

Moderately compacted, dull orange coarse grained sand.

127

59

AP
PPENDIX
X8FIND
DS REGIS
STER

This report, and the information contained herein, is subjeect to copyright an
nd may not be copied in whole or ppart, by parties oth
her than YHA
he copyright holdeer, being Gavin Jackson Cultural Re
esource Managem
ment.
WA IInc without the written consent of thFinds Register: Glass Objects

Glass
Trench/Sondage
NumberFind
NumberBag
NumberContext
NumberColourObjectComplete
Y/N

Sondage RS3

10

5

40

Clear

Window PaneN

34

Sondage RS3

10

5

40

Clear

Tube

N

1

Sondage RS3

10

1

40

Clear

Tube

N

1

Sondage RS3

10

3

40

Clear

Window PaneN

10

Sondage RS3

10

4

40

Clear

Window PaneN

3

Sondage RS3

10

4

40

Brown

N

1

Sondage RS3

10

4

Clear

Fuse

N

1

Trench ST5

14

1

Clear

BottleTrench ST5

14

1

Clear

Trench ST5

141

Trench ST5

141

Trench ST5

141

Trench ST5

141

Trench ST5

141

Trench ST5

14

1

40
49, 51,
52
49, 51,
52
49, 51,
52
49, 51,
52
49, 51,
52
49, 51,
52
49, 51,
52
49, 51,52

Trench ST5

171

Trench ST5

17

1

Rim

Rim /
Neck

Base

Shard
Count

Date

Comments

Y

1934 - 1948

BottleY

1934 - 1948

Brooke's Lemons Ltd
Small bottle with black screw
lid

Clear

BottleY

1934 - 1948

Medium sized bottle

Brown

BottleN

Brown

BottleN

Brown

Bottle

N

36

Clear

Bottle

N

1

Clear

Window

N

1

45

Green

Bottle45

Clear

Window

1
1

1

Crown seal - 1899+
2

1

Sondage TS4

18

1

84

Clear

Potential flaked
glass

Sondage TS4

18

1

84

Clear

Bottle2

Embossed lettering

Sondage TS4

18

1

84

Brown

Bottle1

F.D.HP

Trench ST819

1 and 289

Green

BottleN

Trench ST819

1 and 289

Clear

BottleN

3

3
2

Square bottleFinds Register: Glass Objects (continued)

Glass
Trench/Sondage
NumberFind
NumberBag
NumberContext
NumberColourObjectComplete
Y/N

Trench ST819

1 and 2

89

Brown

BottleN

Trench ST819

1 and 289

Green

BottleN – 75%

Trench ST12

22

1

89

Green

Bottle

Rim

Rim /
Neck

Base

Shard
Count

Date

Comments

1
1

Base to neck1

Trench ST12

23

1

89

Brown

WindowN

1

Trench ST12

23

1

89

Green

BottleN

1

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Green

BottleY

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Clear

Window

N

24

Patinated

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Brown

BottleN

1

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Clear

BottleN

Square bottle - patinatedPrescription lip - square patinatedTrench ST8

21

1

89

Green

BottleN

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Green

Codd Bottle

N

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Green

Codd Bottle

N - 80%Trench ST8

21

1

89

Green

Codd Bottle

N

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Green

BottleN

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Green

BottleN

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Green

BottleTrench ST8

21

1

89

Clear

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Clear

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Trench ST8211

Trench ST821

Trench ST8

Early 1900s

2

1

2

Applied rim

1

1

Embossed lettering - YNA,
FREM, M - patinated1

9

Embossed lettering - patinatedEmbossed lettering - Red
hand - patinated4

1

Patinated

1

1

Embossed lion - patinated1

8

PatinatedN

3

2

Patinated - square

BottleN

3

Patinated - perfume bottle?

BottleN

1

Patinated

Clear

BottleN

1

Square bottle

89

Green

Bottle

N

1

89

Green

BottleN - 60%

21

1

89

Green

BottleN

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Green

BottleYx2

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Green

Bottle

N

1

6

1

4

10

1

1

34

Square bottle

Metal wire attachedFinds Register: Glass Objects (continued)

Glass
Trench/Sondage
NumberFind
NumberBag
NumberContext
NumberTrench ST12

29

1

89

Clear

BottleY

Trench ST17

30

127

Clear

WindowN

Trench ST17

31

127

Green

BottleN - 90%Trench ST20

33

108

Clear

BottleY

Trench ST20

38

108

Clear

BottleN

1

Patinated

Trench ST8

39

89

Clear

Window

N

8

Patinated

Trench ST8

39

89

Clear

Light coverN

3

Trench ST8

39

89

Brown

BottleN

1

Yard light?
Embossed base '80' patinatedTrench ST8

39

89

Brown

BottleN11Trench ST8

39

89

Brown

BottleN

1

3

AMG - patination
Embossed 'property of West
Australian Glass' / barrel
symbol - patination

Trench ST8

39

89

Brown

BottleN

9Patinated

Trench ST8

39

89

Clear

BottleY1

Trench ST8

39

89

Brown

BottleN

Trench ST8

39

89

Clear

BottleN

1

Trench ST8

39

89

Clear

BottleN

1Heat altered - perfume bottle?
Embossed base - 4oz medicine?
Embossed - 'Property ofFrem…' - patinated
Square - embossed lettering patinatedTrench ST8

39

89

Clear

BottleN

ColourObjectComplete
Y/N

Rim

Rim /
Neck

Base

Shard
Count

Date
1934-1948

Comments
Square, condiment?

2
Heavily patinated
1934-19481

1934-1948

1

1

Schweppes embossed floral

1934-1948

Trench ST8

39

89

Clear

BottleN

1

Trench ST8

39

89

Green

BottleN

11Patinated

Trench ST8

39

89

Clear

BottleN

Trench ST8

39

89

Clear

Cup

N

Trench ST8

39

89

Clear

StopperN

2

Trench ST8

39

89

Clear

Tube

N

1

Trench ST8

39

89

Clear

StopperN

1

Trench ST8

39

89

Clear

Tube

N

1

Patinated1

1934-1948

1

Embossed lettering
Base,body,rim handle
attached
Patinated - decanter stopper?

5 perforations in end

Finds Register: Ceramic Objects

Ceramic
Trench/Sondage
NumberFind
NumberBag
NumberContext
Number

Vessel Type

GlazedY/NColourComplete
Y/N

Sondage RS3

10

1

40

Insulator

Y

White

N

5

Sondage RS3

10

1

40

Socket

Y

White

N

2

Trench ST4

11

33

Insulator

Y

White

N

4

Trench ST5

162

Trench ST5

16

2

63, 64

SaucerY

White

N - 40%63, 64

Cup/egg cup

Y

White

N

Trench ST5

16

2

63, 64Insulator

Y

White

N

Trench ST819

1 and 2

89

Jug

Y

White

N

1

Trench ST819

1 and 2

89

Jug

Y

White

N

1

Trench ST819

1 and 2

89

Jug

Y

White

N

Trench ST819

1 and 2

89

Jug

Y

White

N

Trench ST819

1 and 2

89

Unknown

Y

White

N

Trench ST12

22

1

89

Plate

Y

White

N

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Vessel

Y

White

N

2

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Vessel

Y

Cream

N

1

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Y

White

N

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Plate/saucerPlatefragment

YN

2

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Bowl

Y

White
White &
Brown

N

1

Trench ST20

33

108

Ink bottle

Y

Brown

Y

wicker pattern
Stoneware; Makers Mark 'Borne Denby'

Trench ST20

35

108

Lid

N

White

Y

Toothpaste pot?

Trench ST20

35

108

Stopper

N

White

Y

Circular dimension

Trench ST20

35

108

Insulator

Y

White

Y

Trench ST20

35

108

Insulator

Y

White

Y

Trench ST20

35

108

SaucerN

White

N -80%

PorcelainElectrical wire attached;
porcelain
5 fragments, hand painted,
made in Japan TM

Rim

Body

Base

Other

Comments

Made in China

Transfer printed china; Berma..
1

Transfer print
1

2

4

Porcelain
Transfer print; Sherd base to
rim with partial handle attached
Transfer print; Sherd base to
rim with partial spout
Transfer print

3

Transfer print

1
4 pieces, make approx 50% of
plate
1

1

embossed/applied floral pattern

4
Transfer print (blue)1

Finds Register: Ceramic Objects (continued)

Ceramic
Trench/Sondage
NumberFind
NumberBag
NumberContext
Number

Vessel Type

GlazedY/NColourComplete
Y/N

Trench ST20

35

108

Plate

N

White

N

Trench ST20

35

108

Cup

N

White

N - 30%Trench ST20

35

108

Cup

N

White

N

Trench ST20

35

108

Plate

N

White

N

Trench ST20

38

108

Cup handle

N

Grey

N

Rim

Body

Base
2

Other

Comments
Blue willow pattern transfer
print
2 fragments, Linear pattern

1

1

1
1
DecoratedFinds Register: Metal Objects

Metal
Trench/Sondage
NumberFind
NumberBag
NumberContext
NumberObject

Type

Count

Iron

1

Square / heavily corroded

Comments

Sondage TS1

1

11

Nail

Sondage TS12

11Metal band

Alluminium

1

OffcutSondage TS1311Metal band

Alluminium

1

OffcutTrench TS3

425

Amorphous

Ferrous4

Possible railing pieces

Trench TS3

425

WasherFerrous1

Trench TS3

5

25

Nail

Ferrous1

Square / heavily corroded

Trench TS3

6

25

Nail

Ferrous1

Square / heavily corroded

Trench TS3

7

25

Nail

Ferrous1

Square / heavily corroded

Trench TS3

825

Amorphous

Lead

1

Sheeting offcut

Trench TS3

825

Amorphous

Ferrous4

Trench TS3

8

25

Nail

Ferrous2

1 x round / 1 x square

Trench TS3

925HandleFerrous1

Incomplete Bucket Handle

Trench TS3

9

25

Nail

Ferrous3

2 x square / 1 x round

Trench TS3

925

Amorphous

Ferrous3

Sondage RS3

10

2

40

Bolt

Ferrous1

Round-headed and threaded

Sondage RS3

10

2

40

Amorphous

Ferrous6

Plate/sheet objects

Sondage RS3

10

2

40

Threaded fitting

Ferrous1

Fitting with single through-hole

Sondage RS3

10

2

40

Rod

Ferrous1

2 through-holes

Sondage RS3

10

2

40

Spike

Ferrous1

Sondage RS3

10

2

40

Barbed wire

Ferrous1

Sondage RS3

10

2

40

Wire

Ferrous1

Sondage RS3

10

2

40

Rod

Ferrous1

Sondage RS3

10

2

40

Coupling

Ferrous1

Sondage RS3

10

2

40

Bar

Ferrous1

3 through-holes

Sondage RS3

10

2

40

HandleFerrous1

Fragment

Sondage RS3

10

2

40

Amorphous

Ferrous1

twisted copper wire attachedSondage RS3

10

2

40

Amorphous

Copper

1

Discoidal offcut

Sondage RS3

10

5

40

Sheet fragment

Ferrous1

2 through-holes

Sondage RS3

10

5

40

Nail

Ferrous42

30 x rounded / 12 x square

Sondage RS3

10

5

40

Amorphous

Ferrous65

Sondage RS3

10

5

40

Ferrous2

Offcuts

Sondage RS3

10

5

40

Sheet fragment
Sqaure mounting
bracketFerrous1

2 through-holes

Sondage RS3

10

5

40

Banding

Copper1

OffcutSondage RS3

10

5

40

Fastening

Copper1

Sondage RS3

10

5

40

Barbed wire

Ferrous3

Sondage RS3

10

5

40

Electrical wire

Copper1

Sondage RS3

10

5

40

WasherCopper2

Sondage RS3

10

5

40

Globe fitting

Glass

1

Sondage RS3

10

5

40

Screw

Copper1

Sondage RS3

10

1

40

WasherCopper1

KnottedFragment

3 through-holesFinds Register: Metal Objects (continued)

Metal
Trench/Sondage
NumberFind
NumberBag
NumberContext
NumberSondage RS3

101

Sondage RS3

10

Sondage RS3

Object

Type

Count

Comments

40

Amorphous

Copper1

discoidal piece - Nx-3TTI

1

40

Knob

Non-ferrous

1

Drawer Handle?

10

3

40

Wire

Ferrous8

Sondage RS3

10

3

40

Wire

Copper1

Sondage RS3

10

3

40

Rod

Ferrous2

Sondage RS3

10

3

40

Horseshoe

Ferrous1

Sondage RS3

10

3

40

Nails

Ferrous28

RoundedSondage RS3

10

3

40

Amorphous

Copper6

Offcuts

Sondage RS3

10

3

40

WasherFerrus1

Sondage RS3

10

3

40

Sheet fragment

Ferrous18

Sondage RS3

10

3

40

Hinge

Ferrous1

Sondage RS3

10

3

40

Mounting

Ferrous1

Fragment with 1 through-hole

Sondage RS3

10

3

40

O-linkFerrous1

Large chain link?

Sondage RS3

10

3

40

Door lock-plateNon-ferrous

1

Sondage RS3

10

3

40

Door key plateNon-ferrous

1

Trench ST5

13

2

41

Can

Ferrous1

Trench ST5

13

2

41

Tin

Ferrous1

Trench ST5

13

2

41

13

2

41

Ferrous
Copper, lead,
iron

23

Trench ST5

Tin/can Fragments
Sqaure copper nail, lead
washer with iron wire

Trench ST5

16

2

63, 64

Can base/rim fragments

Ferrous31

Trench ST5

16

2

63, 64

Can body fragments

Ferrous18

Trench ST5

16

2

63, 64

Amorphous

Ferrous3

Sheet/offcut

Trench ST5

16

2

63, 64

Nail

Ferrous1

Round

Trench ST5

16

2

63, 64

Nail

Ferrous2

SquareTrench ST5

16

2

63, 64

Amorphous

Lead

2

Sheet/offcut

Hollow

Boot polish?

1

Trench ST5

16

2

63, 64Wire

Ferrpis6

Fragments

Trench ST5

16

2

63, 64

BracketNon-ferrous

1

rivetedTrench ST5

16

2

63, 64

Bottle top

Ferrous4

Trench ST5

17

1

45

Amorphous

Ferrous1

Trench ST5

17

1

45

Nail

Ferrous1

SquareTrench ST819

1 and 289

PipeFerrous1

Nut attached

Trench ST819

1 and 2

89

White enameled pot

Tin

1Complete with handle

Trench ST819

1 and 289

Bolt

Ferrous1

Round headed

Trench ST819

1 and 289

Can rim/base fragments

Ferrous2

Trench ST819

1 and 289can body fragments

Ferrous4

Trench ST819

1 and 2

89

Amorphous

Lead

1

OffcutTrench ST819

1 and 289

Wire

Ferrous1

SquaredTrench ST819

1 and 2

89

Amorphous

Ferrous5

Sheet/offcut

Trench ST819

1 and 289

Ferrous1

Trench ST819

1 and 2

89

Range lid
Range plates
components

Ferrous3

1 complete, 2 partial

Finds Register: Metal Objects (continued)

Metal
Trench/Sondage
NumberFind
NumberBag
NumberContext
NumberTrench ST819

1 and 2

Sondage TS520Trench ST12

22

Object

Type

Count

89

Range utensil

Ferrous1

1

88

O-ring'/link

Ferrous

1

1

89

Nail

Ferrous1

Comments
Hook

Round

Trench ST12

23

1

89

Spike

Ferrous1

Round section, squared tip

Trench ST12

23

1

89

Nail

Ferrous1

Round

Trench ST12

25

1

SPOIL

Bowl

Alluminium

1

Food bowl

Trench ST12

25

1

SPOIL

Hinge

Ferrous1

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Horseshoe

Ferrous1

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Band fragment

Ferrous2

1 through hole

Trench ST8

21

1

89

Nail

Ferrous2

2 x square and round

Trench ST14

28

1

89

Nail

Ferrous2

SquareTrench ST12

29

1

89

Mesh

Ferrous2

SquaredTrench ST17

30

127

Sheet/Offcut

Ferrous1

Trench ST20

34

108

Chamber pot

Tin

1

White enamelled/black handle

Trench ST20

34

108

Cooking pot

Tin

1

Trench ST20

34

108

Jug

Tin

1

Black enamelled
White enamelled/blue enamelledhandleTrench ST20

34

108

Mug

Tin

1

White enamelled

Trench ST20

34

108

KettleCast Iron

1

Trench ST20

34

108

Cooking pot

Tin

1

Trench ST20

34

108

KettleTin

80%

Trench ST20

34

108

Frying pan

Iron

1

Trench ST20

34

108

Cooking pot

Cast Iron

1

Trench ST20

34

108

Tray

Tin

1

Trench ST20

36

108

Bell

Ferrous1

Trench ST20

36

108

Bell system components

Ferrous2

Trench ST20

37

108

Bed frame pieces

Ferrous7

Trench ST20

37

108

Electrical light fitting

Ferrour1

Trench ST20

37

108

Door hinge

Ferrous2

Complete

Trench ST20

38

108

Amphorous

Ferrous67

Fragment

Black enamelled
Red enamel

Blue enamel exterior

Trench ST20

38

108

Sheet/offuct

Ferrous13

Trench ST20

38

108

Rods

Ferrous21

PiecesTrench ST20

38

108

Nails

Ferrous17

Round

Trench ST20

38

108

Nails

Ferrous

6

SquareTrench ST20

38

108

Screw

Ferrous1

Trench ST20

38

108

Tin/can fragments

Ferrous16

Trench ST20

38

108

Barbed wire

Ferrous7

Trench ST20

38

108

Light fixture

Ferrous2

Trench ST20

38

108

Light globe frament

Ferrous1

Trench ST20

38

108

Bottle Top

Ferrous3

Trench ST20

38

108

Wire

Copper1

Fragments/pieces

Finds Register: Metal Objects (continued)

Metal
Trench/Sondage
NumberFind
NumberBag
NumberContext
NumberObject

Type

Count

Comments

Trench ST20

38

108

Coil

Steel

1

Trench ST20

38

108

Bed knob

Ferrous1

Trench ST20

38

108

Mug Handle

Ferrous1

Trench ST20

38

108

Fixing bracket

Copper1

Trench ST20

38

108

Sprinkler head

Copper1

Trench ST20

38

108

StopperNon-ferrous

1

From water bottle?

Trench ST20

38

108

Key

Ferrous1

Handle/shaft fragment

Trench ST20

38

108

BuckleFerrous1

Satchel?

Trench ST20

38

108

Door lock component

Non-ferrous

1

Blue enamel

Finds Register: Animal Bone and Shell
AnimalBone
Trench/Sondage
Number

Shell

Find
NumberBag
NumberContext
Number

Weight (g)Trench ST5

13

5

41

3.95

Trench ST5

13

6

41

Trench ST5

14

1

49, 51, 52

Trench ST5

16

1

63, 64

Trench ST5

16

2

63, 64Mussel1

Trench ST5

16

2

63, 64Egg

11Species

Weight (g)

Count

Egg

2.55

43

121.22

Trench ST5

17

1

45

21.1

Trench ST819

1 and 289

7.3

Trench ST12

22

1

89

100.75

Trench ST12

22

1

89

11.55

Trench ST12

25

1

SPOIL

78.85

Trench ST8

21

1

89

87.85

Finds Register: Wooden Objects
Wood
Trench/Sondage
NumberFind
NumberBag
NumberContext
NumberSondage RS3

10

2

40

Lat fragment

2

Painted white

Sondage RS3

10

5

40

Fragment

1

Unpainted

Sondage RS3

10

1

40

Fragments

4

ObjectCount

Comments

Trench ST4

11

Electricity cable casing

1

Unpainted
Tarred; Contains copper
electricity cable

Trench ST5

16

1

63, 64

Partial square post

1

2 inch x 2 inch

Trench ST5

16

1

63, 64Large charcoal chunks

21

Burnt post?

Trench ST5

17

1

45

Wedge shaped timber

1

Unpainted

Trench ST5

17

1

45

Time fragment

1

Unpainted

33

Finds Register: Leather Objects
Leather
Trench/Sondage
NumberFind
NumberBag
NumberContext
NumberObjectCount

Sondage RS3

10

1

40

Shoe sole

5

3 complete, 2 partial

Sondage RS3

10

1

40

Amorhpous

5

Offcuts

Comments

Finds Register: Other / Miscellaneous Objects
Other / Miscellaneous
Trench/Sondage
NumberFind
NumberBag
NumberContext
NumberSondage RS3

10

1

40

Button1

Mother-of-pearl

Trench ST5

16

2

63, 64

Roof tile

3

Slate

Trench ST5

16

2

63, 64

1

Red brick fragment

Trench ST5

17

1

45

Brick
White washfragments

16

Lime based

Trench ST5

17

1

45

Render1

Lime/sand

Trench ST5

17

1

45

Brick

1

Red brick fragment

Trench ST5

17

1

45

5

Slate fragment

Sondage TS5

20

1

88

Roof tile
White washfragment

1

Lime based

Trench ST1740

1

Trench ST12

32

ObjectCount

Comments

127

Fabric4

Canvas; Small pieces

SPOIL

Brick

1

Red brick - 'Doll pressed'

Artefacts ffrom Proactive
e Sondage 3

Artefactts from Service Trench 3

Artefacts from Service TrenchT
5 P1

Artefacts from Service TrenchT
5 P2

Artefacts from Service TrenchT
5 P2

Artefactts from Service Trench 8

Artefactts from Service Trench 8

Artefactts from Service Trench 8

Artefactts from Service Trench 8

Artefactss from Service TrenchT
12Artefactss from Service Trench
T
20

Artefactss from Service Trench
T
20

Artefactss from Service Trench
T
20

Artefactss from Service TrenchT20