Subaru Telescope, LGSAO, & TMT

Masanori Iye（NAOJ）
1) Subaru Telescope
２) Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics
３) 30m telescope TMT「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

1

Subaru Telescope, its Science
Achievements「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

2

Enclosure Φ40m, H42m, 2500ton

400M$, 16yr for prep+construction, completion in1999

4

Active mirror control experiment on
a 62cm mirror supported by 12 actuators

5CorningULE

First mathematicalproblem :Find the best
configuration to
distribute 55 segmentswith different CTE toform a monolithic
mirror with minimum
thermal deformation~ 55! combinations toexamine.

7

Glass transportation to Pittsburgh

9Contraves
underground
optics facility
needed 30m
span
no wind shakeno diurnal tilt
no traffic
vibration

Four years of patient polishing

11「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

Aug.１９９８
13nm rms figure error achieved

First light sensitivity comparison• （左）すばる６０分
すばる 60分, 28等級（右）ハッブル７０分

勝負は引き分けハッブル 70分 28等級13Weak lensing by a cluster of galaxies
Miyazaki in Iye et al.(2000)

Miyazaki／＼－／＼14• Looking far is looking back in time

「Subaru, AO, TMT」、ICRR seminar、Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

15

Most distant galaxies in history
１３０Redshift

８m telescopes
quasargalaxy(radio）
galaxy(opt）
CCD

１２９億年

１２７
１２５
１２１
１１５

４m telescopes
IOK-1（Iye etal 2006)

１０３
７７０16

NB filters for SuprimeCam

NB973
NewCCD

Old CCDOH band emission

17

Exposure 15 hrs

Only one among41，533 objects
18

The most distant galaxy at 12.88Glyr IOK-1
Filterｚ＝６．９６４
12.88Gyr ago

IOK-1 after Iye, Ota, &Kashikawa

Hydrogen Lyman α emission

19

High-z galaxy list

10/21で1498日目

Tens of LAE at z=6.6 but only one
LAE at z= 7.0.

21

Lehnert et al.(2010) z=8.55?
UDFy-38135539
Low S/N data

Iye et al.(2006) z=6.96
IOK-1

職員みんなの天文学レクチャー「ボケに利く天文学」 、 家正則、 2010.5.19

職員みんなの天文学レクチャー「ボケに利く天文学」 、 家正則、 2010.5.19

24

High redshift galaxies

25

Many brilliant Japanese Supernovae
burst in Early Universe Studies••••

N.KashikawaM.Ouchi
K.Shimasaku
K.Ota••••

N.Yoshida
K.Omukai
A.Inoue
M.Kobayashi

Japan Strategy
Subaru SuprimeCam
V
HyperSuprimeCam
VTMT27

視野比べ
HST WFC3SuprimeCam

HyperSuprimeCamCosmic Reionization History

Neutral hydrogen fraction

Twilight

Neutral hydrogen
absorbs Lyman α
photons making thedetection of LAEs
difficult

再電離完了

Redshift「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

End of dawn

Looking at Cosmic Dawn
Hot
Recombination(0.38My, z=1000）

CooｌReionzed by stars

Primordial galaxies(2Gy, z~20?）Cosmic Dawn
(0.8Gy,z~7）

WarmPresent（13.7Gy,z=0）
Loeb 2006

Metal free stars
最初の原始銀河（２億年後？）

Galaxy evolution

First StarsOrigin of life

Dark AgeBig Bang

CMB

Subaru studies「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

Laser guide star
Adaptive Optics「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

32

光子（photon）
１２.９ Gyr＝４０，００００，００００，００００, ００００sec

Last ０．００１sec

The last milli second of photon’s long journey
blurs its beauty33

Guide star
Target object

Adaptive Optics
Turbulence

Wavefront sensor
Deformable mirror
Real time control

TelescopeDistorted
wavefront
DeformableMirror

Corrected
wavefront
Opt IRScience
CameraWavefrontSensor
Electronics
34

First light of AO188(2006/10/9)
AO188 improved the PSF of 400M$ Subaru
Telescope at an additional 7M$ investment.

AO off (0.6arcsec）

2.2μm

AO on (0.063arcsec）「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

36

Orion Trapezium
AO188

With AO188 (2006)
Without AO (1999)
1”37

Wavefront sensorsShack-Hartmann
wavefront sensor:
1st order derivative

Curvature
wavefront sensor:
2nd order derivative

Spot
displacement vector
distribution
carries tilt
signalIlluminotion
distribution
carriescurvaturesignal38

Wavefront sensor
wavefront sensing at 188 subapertures39

Functioning Principles of Deformable mirrors
Stacked piezo rods:
Used with ShackHartmann sensor forhigh order correction
Bi-morph piezo
sheet :

Used with curvature
sensor for
medium/low ordercorrection
40

Deformable mirror with 188 electrodes.
Diameter ： 90 mm
Speed：２００Hz
Price: 200k$ (CILAS）

188 Electrode distribution
Designed by NAOJ
Deformation of DM
41

Image improvement in the AO188 fisrt light (2006)

AO on

AO off

Band : 2.2miron
Seeing : 0.4 arcsec
Corrected Image :0.07 arcsec
42Artificial star
SodiumLayer

Laser
Launching
Telescope

Fiber Optics

SodiumLaser

Laser guide AO system
Generate an
artificial guide starby illuminating thesodium layer at
90km height using
a special 6W laser
shining at 589nm.

43Sum frequency sodium laser

Non linear optics crystal

RIKEN/NAOJ44

GS Generation Verification Experiment(Oct 2005)

e tuning the frequency to sodium D2 line at 0.1ppm level
Laser guide star shining at 90km height46

No star wars.

T.Fuse 2009
「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

47

Orbits of stars around SMBH in GC

Orbital motion ofstars around Sgr A*
indicates a BH ofabout million times
the mass of theSun「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

48

Flickering of infalling gas onto BH in the GC

Subaru AO36
2008 May 28

Nishiyama et al.
（2009)「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

49

Exoplanet candidates ＧＪ７58B,C• Jupitor like planetaround a sun like star50

Other applications of AO• Remote sensing• Retinal imaging• Laser surgery
Visioncells• Laser
Communication• Laser cutter• Laser nuclearfusion• Guiding lighteningCenter for Vision Science• Purification ofw/o AO
Uranium「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

w AO
51

Thirty Meter Telescope「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

52Thirty Meter Telescope
1.5ｍ segments x 492
First stars and cosmic dawn
2nd Earth, Life in other planets

Construction 1.3B$
FL 2019 End?

Dark energy, Cosmology constants

NAOJ, Caltech, Univ.California
ACURA, AURA, NAOC, India
53

M2
VERTEX

50.56
m
46.59
m
EL
AXIS
1.8 m
23 m
16 m

GROUND
LEVEL

17.5
R

27.6
R

Instrument layout
First light instruments
Other instruments

IRIS
MOBIE

IRMS

2009/12/25

ＡＴＣセミナー55

Evolution of telescopes
Okayama 1.88m

8.2m Subaru

Masanori Iye(NAOJ)
30m TMTLight collectingpower =x13

Spatial resol’n =x3.6
R<24 (1987)z<2

Efficiency =x180
R<28 (2000)
z<7

R<33? (2019?)
Z< 17？
56

R~33 A firefly on the dark side of theMoon.(~10ｍW), 1 hour exposure on TMT withLGSAO

57

New frontier for TMT
Cosmicrecombination
at 0.38Myr (WMAP)Big bang
Dark Age:First stars

Cosmic re-ionization
at 0.8Gyr (Subaru)

Evolution of galaxies,stars, planets, and life
Frontier for Subaru
Acceleration of cosmic expansion

59

Direct measurement of cosmic expansion history
to quantify the dark energy property
10Gyr5Gyr1GyrRedshiftmeasurement

10yrs later
Redshiftmeasurement

Acceleration?
Needs precision at 1cm/sec

Decelaration

50cm/sec precision is becoming
feasible for stellar Doppler
measurement is「Subaru, AO, TMT」、 110608、 ICRR seminar、 Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

Redshiftincreases by
1/1.3billion in
10 years.

60

Planets in habitable zone
Search for biomarkers in the atmosphere「Subaru, AO, TMT」、ICRR

62

Composition analysis of atmosphere

Other Sun’s
spectrum

Other Sun

Planetatmosphericabsorption
lines

Biomarkers: oxygen
molecules etc.?

63250M$
Gordon Moore （Intel）

All we need is money …, but
East Japan Earthquake & Disaster …
NAOJ donation sitefrom 10$Subaru, LGSAO, TMT, 110608, ICRR seminar、Masanori Iye(NAOJ)

64