*Country Profile

Switzerland

ROAD SAFETY

This document is part of a series of 30 country profiles: one for each Member Stateof the EU 27 and three EFTA countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland). The
purpose of this series is to provide an overview of the road safety situation in a specificcountry.

C ount ry Profi le

Switzerland

Contract:

This document has been prepared in the framework of the EC
Service Contract MOVE/C2/SER/2022-55/SI2.888215 with
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), SWOV Institutefor Road Safety Research and Kuratorium für Verkehrssicherheit(KFV).

VersionFebruary 8, 2024

AuthorKaterina Folla, Konstantinos Kaselouris (NTUA)Internal Reviewer:

Ingrid van Schagen, Govert Schermers (SWOV)

Referencing:

Reproduction of this document is allowed with due
acknowledgement. Please refer to the document as follows:
European Commission (2023), Country Profile Switzerland.
Road Safety Observatory. Brussels, European Commission,
Directorate General for Transport.

Disclaimer
Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the matter presented in thisdocument is relevant, accurate and up to date, the (sub)contractors cannot accept
any liability for any error or omission, or reliance on part or all of the content inanother context.
Any information and views set out in this document are those of the author(s) and do
not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Commission. The
Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study.
Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may beheld responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained therein.

© European Commission, 2023.The EU does not own the copyright in relation to thefollowing elements:- Cover page photos, © www.shutterstock.com

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Contents
1.

Highlights ........................................................................... 4

2.

Road Safety Outcomes ......................................................... 5

3.

4.

5.

6.

2.1

Road Safety Trends ......................................................... 5

2.2

Risk Figures .................................................................... 6

2.3

Transport Mode ............................................................... 7

2.4

Age and Gender .............................................................. 9

2.5

Area and Road Type ....................................................... 10

2.6Time Period ................................................................... 12

2.7

Lighting and Weather Conditions ...................................... 13

Safety Performance Indicators .............................................. 14
3.1Road User Behaviour ...................................................... 14

3.2

Vehicle Safety ................................................................ 15

3.3

Enforcement .................................................................. 15Road Safety Policy and Measures .......................................... 16
4.1

National Road Safety Strategy.......................................... 16

4.2

Traffic Laws and Regulations ............................................ 16

4.3

Driving Licences ............................................................. 174.4Road Infrastructure ........................................................ 18

Structure and Culture .......................................................... 19
5.1Country Characteristics ................................................... 19

5.2

Structure of Road Safety Management .............................. 20

5.3

Self-declared behaviour & Attitudes .................................. 21

Notes ................................................................................ 22
6.1

Data Sources ................................................................. 22

6.2

Definitions ..................................................................... 24

3

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Switzerland

1. Highlights
Road Safety Outcomes• In 2021, 200 people were killed and 3,933 were seriously injured
in road crashes in Switzerland.
• Switzerland performs better than almost all EU countries in termsof the number of fatalities per million inhabitants.
• Compared to the EU average, the distribution of fatalities in
Switzerland shows a relatively high proportion of fatalities among
cyclists and elderly people.
Road Safety Performance Indicators• The use of seat-belts among passenger car occupants in
Switzerland is higher than the EU average.
• Self-reported drink-driving is higher than the EU average.
Road Safety Policy Measures & Country Characteristics• Swiss road infrastructure is characterized by high road density.
• The maximum speed limits on rural roads and motorways arelower than in most EU countries.
• Unlike most other countries there is no age restriction totransport children on motorcycles in Switzerland.

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Switzerland

2. Road Safety Outcomes
2.1 Road Safety Trends
In Switzerland, 200 people were killed and 3,933 were seriously injured
in road crashes in 2021 a. Over the period 2012-2021, the number offatalities in Switzerland decreased by more than 40%, which is higher
than the European Union (EU) decrease (25%). The number of serious
injuries also showed a slight decrease over the same period (by 6%).
In terms of mortality rate, there were 23 road fatalities per million
inhabitants, which is well above the EU average (45).
Table 1. Number of fatalities and serious injuries (2012 and 2021)
Fatalities
Serious Injuries

2012
339
4,202

2021
200
3,933

Trend
-41%
-6%

EU trend-25%-

Figure 1. Mortality rate development, 2012 – 2021

Fatalities per million
inhabitants

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Switzerland

European Uniona

It is noted that the global COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the CARE data for2020 and 2021 for many European countries. Traffic volumes dropped sharply during
the pandemic due to traffic restrictions, which was associated with a significant drop
in road traffic crashes and fatalities.

5C ount ry Profi le

Switzerland

Figure 2. Evolution of serious injuries per million inhabitants, 2012 2021

Serious injuries per million
inhabitants

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Switzerland

2.2 Risk Figures

Fatalities per million inhabitants

Figure 3. Mortality rates by country, 2021
100
90
80
70
60
50

EU = 45

40
30

23

20
10
0

Taking into account the number of vehicles, Switzerland performs
better compared to the EU average. The rate of 0.33 fatalities per
10,000 registered vehicles in Switzerland is well below the EU average(0.63).

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Switzerland

Figure 4. Fatalities per thousand registered vehicles, 2021

2.3 Transport Mode
In 2021 b, powered two-wheelers and cyclists accounted for 45% ofroad traffic fatalities in Switzerland. This percentage is higher than thatobserved in the EU as a whole (28%).
Over the period 2012-2021, there has been a decrease in road fatalities
and serious injuries in Switzerland for all transport modes except for
cyclists. The highest decrease for both fatalities and serious injuries
was recorded for bus occupants (100% and 62% respectively).
Of those vulnerable road users (VRUs: pedestrians, cyclists andpowered two-wheelers) that were fatally injured in crashes involving
either passenger cars or buses/coaches or lorries and heavy goods
vehicles, 72% were involved in a crash with a car, and 27% wereinvolved in a crash with a lorry or heavy goods vehicle. Over time
Switzerland showed a more substantial decrease of fatalities in thesetypes of crashes than the European Union.

Different shares of transport modes in the casualty numbers, as shown in thissection, may also reflect differences in the size of the vehicle fleet and the usage ofdifferent modes rather than a difference in safety level.
b

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Switzerland

Table 2: Number of fatalities by transport mode, 2012 and 2021
2012
32
104
36
1
6
8
75
77
339

Bus/coach occupants
Car occupants
Cyclists
Heavy goods vehicles
Lorries, under 3.5t
Other/unknown
Pedestrians
Powered two-wheelers
Total

2021
0
65
39
2
2
5
37
50
200

Trend
-100%
-38%
+8%
-51%
-35%
-41%

EU trend
+26%
-28%
-12%
-11%
-14%
-13%
-34%
-18%
-25%

Figure 5. Distribution of road fatalities by transport mode, 2021

European Union

6%

45%

Switzerland

32.5%

2.0%

19%

25.0%

9%

19.5%

18%

3%

18.5% 2.5%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%
Car occupants

HGVs, Lorries and buses

Powered two-wheelers

Cyclists

Pedestrians

Other/unknown

Table 3: Number of serious injuries by transport mode, 2012 and 2021
Bus/coach occupants
Car occupants
Cyclists
Heavy goods vehicles
Lorries, under 3.5t
Other/unknown
Pedestrians
Powered two-wheelers
Total

2012
42
1,100
918
19
46
64
691
1,322
4,202

8

2021
16
737
1,350
14
25
208
424
1,159
3,933

Trend
-62%
-33%
+47%
-26%
-46%
+225%
-39%
-12%
-6%

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Switzerland

Table 4: Number of VRU fatalities in crashes involving passenger cars,
buses or coaches and lorries or heavy goods vehicles, 2012 and 2021
Crashes involving busesor coaches
Crashes involving cars
Crashes involving lorries
or heavy goods vehicles

2012

2021

Trend

EU trend

7

1

-

-47%

96

54

-44%

-29%

25

20

-20%

-15%

2.4 Age and Gender
The distribution of road fatalities across age groups in Switzerland issimilar to that of the EU, with a higher share of fatalities aged 65 years
old or above and a lower share of fatalities aged 25 to 49 years old.
Over the period 2012-2021, the number of fatalities and seriously
injured persons dropped for all age groups.
Figure 6. Distribution of road fatalities by age and gender, 2021

FemaleEuropean Union

6% 10%

23%

Switzerland 2% 9% 11%
0%
<18

20%

40%

20%

20%
18-24

59%
40%

25-49

60%

50-64

65+

80%

100%

Unknown

Male
European Union

4% 13%

Switzerland

3% 12%
0%
<18

36%

23%

25%
20%

18-24

22%
40%

25-49

50-64

9

24% 1%
38%

60%
65+

80%
Unknown100%

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Switzerland

Table 6: Number of fatalities by age and gender, 2012 and 2021
Female
<18
18-24
25-49
50-64
65+
Unknown
Total
Male
<18
18-24
25-49
50-64
65+
Unknown
Total

2012

2021

Trend

EU trend

20
5
18
14
33
0
90

1
4
5
9
27
0
46

-95%
-72%
-36%
-18%
-49%

-44%
-40%
-37%
-23%
-25%
-22%
-31%

17
34
74
64
60
0
249

4
19
38
34
59
0
154

-76%
-44%
-49%
-47%
-2%
-38%

-27%
-37%
-30%
-13%
-8%
-9%
-23%

Table 7: Number of serious injuries by age and gender, 2012 and 2021
Female
<18
18-24
25-49
50-64
65+
Unknown
Total
Male
<18
18-24
25-49
50-64
65+
Unknown
Total

2012

2021

Trend

175
202
459
282
301
0
1,419

121
124
382
357
331
0
1,315

-31%
-39%
-17%
+27%
+10%
-7%

319
388
1,125
592
359
0
2,783

256
301
896
661
504
0
2,618

-20%
-22%
-20%
+12%
+40%
-6%

2.5 Area and Road TypeThe majority of road fatalities in Switzerland occurred on rural roads(51%) which is comparable to the EU average (53%). The percentage
of fatalities that occurred on urban roads in Switzerland (42%) is alsosimilar to the EU average (39%). Over the period 2012-2021, thenumber of fatalities and serious injuries decreased on all road types in
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Switzerland

Switzerland.
Table 8: Number of fatalities by road type, 2012 and 2021
2012
63
151
125
0
339

Motorway
Rural
Urban
Unknown
Total

2021
15
102
83
0
200

Trend
-76%
-32%
-34%
-41%

EU trend
-6%
-28%
-24%
-48%
-25%

Figure 7. Distribution of road fatalities by road type, 2021

European Union

9%

53%

39%

Switzerland

7.5%

51.0%

41.5%

0.0%

10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%
Motorway

Rural

Urban

Table 9: Number of serious injuries by road type, 2012 and 2021
Motorway
Rural
Urban

2012
291
1,380
2,531

2021
199
1,343
2,391

Trend
-32%
-3%
-6%

Unknown

0

0

-

4,202

3,933

-6%

Total

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C ount ry Profi le

Switzerland

Figure 8. Distribution of road fatalities inside urban areas by type oftransport mode, 2021

European
Union

28%

Switzerland

16%

0%

3%

20%

1% 13%

20%

13%

29%

40%

60%

3%

33%

39%

2%

80%

100%

Car occupants

HGVs, Lorries and BusesPowered two-wheelers

Cyclists

Pedestrians

Other/unknown

2.6 Time Period
The distribution of fatalities by day of the week and time of the day isvery similar to that of the EU. Most fatalities occurred during working
weekdays. Over the period 2012-2021, Switzerland showed afavourable downward trend regarding night-time fatalities (especiallyduring the working week), which is in line with the EU average.
Table 10: Number of fatalities by time period, 2012 and 2021
2012
205

2021
122

Trend
-40%

EU trend
-21%

31

8

-74%

-30%

75

52

-31%

-25%

Weekend - Night-time

28

18

-36%

-39%

Unknown
Total

0
339

0
200

-41%

-75%
-25%

Working week - Daytime
Working week- Nighttime
Weekend - Daytime

12C ount ry Profi le

Switzerland

Figure 9. Distribution of road fatalities by time period, 2021

European
Union

59%

8%

23%

10%

Switzerland

61%

4%

26%

9%

0%

20%
Working week - Daytime
Weekend - Daytime

40%

60%
80%
Working week- Night-time
Weekend - Night-time100%

2.7 Lighting and Weather Conditions
According to the distribution of fatalities by lighting and weather
conditions, the majority of fatalities both in Switzerland and in the EU
occurred during daylight and under dry weather conditions. During
darkness and under raining conditions, road crash fatalities decreased
more than in the EU on average.
Table 11: Number of fatalities by lighting and weather conditions, 2012
and 2021
Lighting Conditions
Daylight
Twilight
Darkness
Weather Conditions
Dry
Rain
Other/Unknown

2012

2021

Trend

EU trend

188
25
124

141
10
49

-25%
-60%
-60%

-17%
-25%
-33%

281
43
15

114
17
69

-59%
-60%
+360%

-24%
-28%
-25%

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Switzerland

3. Safety Performance Indicators
3.1 Road User Behaviour
Table 12: Road Safety Performance Indicators, 2022 or latest available
year
Switzerland
Speeding% of passenger cars travelling within speed limits1
Motorways

EU

c

/

-

Rural Roads/-

Urban Roads

/

-

Front

97.0

93.3

Rear

90.0

75.5

/

67.0

PTW driver

/

97.0

PTW passenger

/

94.4

/

37.8

16.7

11.8

Seat belt & CRS use rates (%)1,2

Child restraint systems
Helmet use rates (%)

1

CyclistDUI of Alcohol3(self-reported)% car drivers have driven at least once inthe last 30 days over the legal limit
Driver Distraction1% of drivers not using hand-heldmobile device/phone while driving

/

94.8

Sources: Baseline project, ETSC (2022), ESRA3 project (2024), national sources
1

2

3

4

An EU average is not available for speeding, due to different legal speed limits among
countries, which does not allow for a straightforward comparison. Please also notethat for some Safety Performance Indicators of Section 3, the EU average is based ona small number of EU Member States with available data (see Section 6.1).
c

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Switzerland

3.2 Vehicle Safety
Table 13: Vehicle Safety Performance Indicators, 2019
Switzerland% of new passenger cars rated
with 4 EuroNCAP stars and above1
Average age of passenger car fleet(years)2

EU

/

83.6

/

11.8

Sources: 1Baseline project, 2ACEA (2022)

3.3 Enforcement
Table 14: Number of traffic police tickets per thousand population,
2020
Tickets per 1,000 population
Speeding
Non-use of seat-belt
Illegal use of mobile phone
Driving above legal alcohol limits

Switzerland////

Source: ETSC (2022)

15

EU
139.7
5.7
4.4
1.9

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Switzerland

4. Road Safety Policy and Measures
4.1 National Road Safety Strategy
Table 15: National road safety strategy and targets
Switzerland
No time limit
Swiss Federal Council

Timeframe
Lead Authority
Targets
Fatalities

Serious injuries

2030: Max. 100 fatalities per year, Max. 25 fatalities among
soft mobility users per year (such as pedestrians, bicycles ande-bikes, scooters and e-scooters, inline skates or skateboards)
2030: Max. 2,500 seriously injured per year, Max. 500
seriously injured among soft mobility users (such aspedestrians, bicycles and e-bikes, scooters and e-scooters,
inline skates or skateboards)
2019
There are no targets for SPIs

Baseline Year
SPIs
Link
Source: national sources-

4.2 Traffic Laws and Regulations
National road safety legislation in Switzerland reflects the situation in
the majority of EU countries with a few exceptions. The maximum
speed limit on rural roads (80km/h) and on motorways (120 km/h) is
lower than in most EU countries. Furthermore, unlike most othercountries there is no age restriction to transport children on
motorcycles in Switzerland.
Table 16: National road safety legislation
Speed limits forpassenger cars (km/h)
Urban roads
Rural roads
Motorways
Allowed BAC levels (g/l)
General population
Novice drivers

Switzerland

Most common in EU

50
80
120

50: 26/27
90: 17/27
130: 14/27

0.5
0.1

0.5: 19/27
0.2: 12/27, 0.0: 9/27
0.2: 10/27, 0.0: 9/27,
0.5: 6/27

Professional drivers

0.1

Seatbelt requirement
Drivers
Front Passenger
Rear Passenger

Yes
Yes
Yes

16

Yes: 27/27
Yes: 27/27
Yes: 27/27

C ount ry Profi le

Switzerland

Switzerland

Most common in EU

Children in front seats

Up to 12 years old/
150 cmAllowed in CRS

Children on motorcycles

Not restricted

up to 135 cm: 11/27,
up to 150 cm: 11/27
Allowed in CRS: 22/27
Prohibited under certain
age/height: 18/27

Child restraint systems
CRS required

Helmet requirement
Powered Two Wheelers
All roads
All engines
Cyclists
Age restriction
Mobile phone use
Hand-held phone use allowed
Hands-free phone use allowed
E-scooters

Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No

Yes: 27/27
Yes: 27/27
Yes: 25/27
Not mandatory: 19/27
Not restricted: 16/27

No
Yes

No: 26/27
Yes: 27/27

Allowed from 14 years
Not restricted: 9/27,
oldAllowed from 14 years: 6/27
Max. speed limit
20 km/h
25 km/h: 18/27
Helmet requiredNo
Not required: 12/27
Allowed on road lanes
Yes
Yes: 18/27
Allowed on pavements
No
No: 13/27, Yes: 9/27
Allowed on bicycle paths
Yes
Yes: 21/27
Sources: EC (2023), WHO (2018), FERSI (2020), National sources
Age restriction

4.3 Driving Licences
Table 17: Policies and regulations related to driving licences
Switzerland

Most common in EU

Novice Drivers
Accompanied driving
Probation period for novice
drivers
Renewal procedure
Renewal procedure(compulsory)

17 years
3 years-

Renewal interval (Age)75 years old

Medical requirements
Source: National sources

Yes

17

17 years.: 13/27,
No: 7/27
2 years: 7/27,
3 years: 5/27
Yes: 26/27
Εvery 10 years: 13/27
Εvery 15 years: 9/27
Yes: 22/27

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Switzerland

4.4 Road Infrastructure
Table 18: Policies and regulations related to road infrastructure
Audits or star rating required for
new road infrastructure
Inspections / star rating of existingroads
Design standards for the safety ofpedestrians / cyclists
Investments to upgrade high risk
locations
Policies & investment in urban
public transport
Policies promoting walking andcycling
Source: WHO (2018)

Switzerland
Partial18

Most common in EU
Yes: 10/27,
Partial:17/27

Yes

Yes:26/27

No

Yes:25/27

Yes

Yes:20/27

Yes

Yes:23/27

Yes

Yes: 21/27

C ount ry Profi le

Switzerland

5. Structure and Culture
5.1 Country Characteristics
Population density in Switzerland is above the EU average and its GDP
per capita is above that of the European Union.
Table 19: Country Characteristics, 2021
Switzerland
Demographics
Population (inhabitants)
Population density (inh./km2)% children (0-17)% adults (18-64)% elderly (65+)% of urban population
Economic Data2
GDP per capita (euro)
Infrastructure1
Country Area (km2)Road network length (km)Road density (km/km2)% of motorways% GDP spent to road infrastructure3
Vehicle Fleet1
Vehicles per population% of passenger cars
% of motorcycles% of HGVs% of buses
Exposure1
Modal split of passenger transport on land
(passenger-km in %):- Passenger cars
- Bus/coach/Metro/Tram
Modal split of freight transport on land (tonnekm in %):- Road- RailEnvironment1
CO2 emissions from road transport (million
tonnes)Share of road transport emissions in totaltransport emissions (%)
Sources: 1EC (2023b), 2Eurostat, 3OECD (2023)

EU

2

19

8,670,300
216.7
17.9
63.3
18.8
74.3

447,000,548
109.0
18.2
61.6
20.3
75.2

77,75032,56041,287
84,113
2.0
1.84
0.7

4,225,134
4,473,380
1.1
1.67
0.4

0.73
74.7
16.4
7.4
1.6

0.73
77.3
11.4
11.1
0.2

81.7
5.8

85.2
8.7

66.2
33.5

74.6
16.4

13.4

739.8

84.1

76.3

C ount ry Profi le

Switzerland

5.2 Structure of Road Safety Management
Table 20: Road Safety Management Structure
Key Functions

Key Actors-

Formulation of nationalroad safety strategy-

Federal Department of the Environment, Transport,
Energy and Communication
Federal Roads Office
Federal Office of Transport
Canton Transportation Administrations-

Federal Roads Office
Cantonal and communal offices dedicated to roadsafety-Federal Department of the Environment, Transport,
Energy and Communication
Federal Roads Office
Cantonal and communal civil engineering offices

Improvement invehicles-Federal Roads Office
Cantonal Road Traffic Offices (Strassenverkehrsämter)

Improvement in roaduser education-

Swiss Council for Accident Prevention

Publicity campaigns-

Federal Roads OfficeRoad Safety Fund (FVS)
Swiss Council for Accident Prevention

Enforcement of traffic
laws-

Federal Department of Justice and Police
Cantonal Police
Regional Police

Other relevant actors-

Automobile and Bike Clubs
Private Initiatives and Foundations

Monitoring of the roadsafety development
Improvements in roadinfrastructure

Source: National sources20

C ount ry Profi le

Switzerland

5.3 Self-declared behaviour & Attitudes
Table 21: Self-declared behaviour and attitudes
Switzerland
Risk Taking% at least once in the past 30 days
- drive after drinking alcohol- drive faster than the speed limit
inside urban areas- transport children under 150cm
without using CRS
Enforcement Perception% of likely of being checked for- drink-driving- respecting speed limits- using of hand-held mobile phone
while driving
Support for policy measures% of support to a legal obligation for- zero tolerance for all novice
drivers- limiting the speed limit to
30km/h in all built-up areas(except on main thoroughfares)- requiring all cyclists to wear ahelmetSource: ESRA3 project (2024)

21

EU Average

Ranking among
EU countries

22.6

17.0

14/18

45.4

55.7

3/18

17.4

17.2

8/18

16.3
37.6

16.8
34.4

10/18
7/18

14.4

15.0

11/18

73.1

76.6

16/18

32.9

38.3

11/18

64.0

60.1

8/18

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Switzerland

6. Notes
6.1 Data Sources
CARE (Community database on road accidents in Europe)
All information in section 1 of the Country Profile is based on the CARE
database. The full glossary of definitions of variables used in this Reportis available at EC Mobility & Transport - Road Safety webpage.
The European average is based on the average of the 27 EU countries.
EU trends and aggregated figures are based on the most recent figuresavailable (2021). In case of missing values, the EU averages andaggregated data were produced by imputing figures based on data fromprevious years. For values less than 10, the trend is not shown since it
may be due to randomness. Also, due to missing data on serious
injuries for some EU countries, EU total/average is not calculated. Dateof extraction: July 2023
ACEA (2022)
European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association. The automobile
industry - Pocket guide 2022/2023. ACEA, 2022.
https://www.acea.auto/files/ACEA_Pocket_Guide_2022-2023.pdf
Data on the average age of the passenger car fleet come from the
ACEA. The European average is based on the average of 24 EU
countries. Date of extraction: July 2023
Baseline project
Information in section 3 is based on Key Performance Indicators
collected within the Baseline project.
https://road-safety.transport.ec.europa.eu/statistics-andanalysis/data-and-analysis/key-performance-indicators-kpis_en
Alternative sources were used for countries with no available data in
the Baseline project (e.g., ETSC, national sources). The European
average is based on the average of 17 EU countries for speeding, 23
EU countries for seat-belt use, 13 EU countries for CRS use, 14 EU
countries for helmet use, 14 EU countries for driver distraction and 13
EU countries for vehicle safety. Date of extraction: July 2023
European Commission 2023
Data were retrieved from EC Mobility & Transport - Road Safety
website:https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/drivingabroad/road-rules-and-safety/index_en.htm
Date of extraction: July 2023
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European Commission – Statistical Pocketbook 2023 (b)European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport.
EU transport in figures – Statistical pocketbook 2023. Publications
Office of the European Union, 2023. Date of extraction: November 2023
https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2832/319371
Eurostat
Data were retrieved from Eurostat: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
The European average is based on the average of the 27 EU countries.
Date of extraction: July 2023
ESRA project
Information in sections 3 (drink-driving) and 5.3 is based on data fromthe ESRA 3 (E-Survey of Road Users’ Attitudes) project (2023).
https://www.esranet.eu/
The European average is the average of 17 EU countries. In the rankingof the countries in Table 21, Switzerland is also included. Date ofextraction: November 2023
ETSC
Information in section 3 is based on data from the following ETSC
report. The European average is the average of 24 European countries
for all indicators, except the alcohol related tickets (20 countries).
European Transport Safety Council. How traffic law enforcement cancontribute to safer roads. PIN Flash Report 42. ETSC, 2022.
https://etsc.eu/how-traffic-law-enforcement-can-contribute-to-saferroads-pin-flash-42/
FERSI (2020)
Kamphuis, K. & van Schagen, I. (2020) E-scooters in Europe: legal
status, usage and safety. Results of a survey in FERSI countries. FERSI
paper. https://fersi.org/. Date of extraction: July 2023
IRTAD (International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group)
Data related to the percentage of GDP spent to road infrastructure(Section
5.1)
isretrieved
from
the
OECD
database:https://stats.oecd.org/. Date of extraction: July 2023
WHO
Data were retrieved from the WHO Global Status Report on Road
Safety, published in 2018. The European average is based on the
average of the 27 EU countries.
https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/
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2018/en/. Date of extraction: July 2023

6.2 Definitions
Road Crash
Any crash involving at least one road vehicle in motion on a public roador private road to which the public has right of access, resulting in atleast one injured or killed person. Data are based on police reports andthere may be an underestimate because of underreporting (especiallyfor non-fatal crashes and crashes not involving a motorised vehicle).
Fatalities
Total number of persons fatally injured within 30 days of the roadcrash; correction factors applied when needed. Confirmed suicide andnatural death are not included.
Seriously injured (at 30 days)
Total number of persons seriously injured corrected by correction
factors when needed. Injured (although not killed) in the road crashand hospitalized at least 24 hours. The definition of “serious injury”
varies considerably among EU countries, affecting, thus, the reliabilityof cross-country comparisons.
Lorry, under 3.5tn
Goods vehicle under 3.5t maximum gross weight. Smaller motor
vehicles used only for the transport of goods.
Heavy Goods Vehicles
Goods vehicle over 3.5t maximum gross weight. Larger motor vehicles
used only for the transport of goods.
Powered two-wheelers
Driver or passenger of either a moped (two or three wheeled vehicle
equipped with engine size of maximum 50cc and maximum speed that
does not exceed 45 km/h. A moped can also have an electric motor.
Speed pedelecs and electric powered bicycles that offer pedal
assistance up to 45 km/h, also belong to this category of vehicles.) ora motorcycle (motor vehicle with two or three wheels, with an engine
size of more than 50 cc. A motorcycle can also have an electric motor.).
Working week – Daytime
Monday to Friday 6.00 a.m. to 9.59 p.m.
Working week – Night-time
Monday 10 p.m. to Tuesday 5.59 a.m.
Tuesday 10 p.m. to Wednesday 5.59 a.m.
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Wednesday 10 p.m. to Thursday 5.59 a.m.
Thursday 10 p.m. to Friday 5.59 a.m.
Weekend – Daytime
Saturday to Sunday 6.00 a.m. to 9.59 p.m.
Weekend – Night-time
Friday 10 p.m. to Saturday 5.59 a.m.
Saturday 10 p.m. to Sunday 5.59 a.m.
Sunday 10 p.m. to Monday 5.59 a.m.
Speeding
The percentage of passenger cars travelling within legal maximum
speed limits based on roadside measurements during daytime.
Seat belt & CRS use rates
The percentage of passenger car occupants using seat belts and child
restraint systems (CRS) based on roadside observations during
daytime.
Helmet use rates
The percentage of powered two-wheeler riders and cyclists using
helmets based on roadside observations during daytime. Helmet use
rates for cyclists in some countries concern only urban roads. Please
note that in some countries, the use of helmets is not obligatory for
cyclists (see Table 16).
DUI of Alcohol
The percentage of car drivers who have driven at least once in the last
30 days over the legal alcohol limit based on a self-reported survey.
Driver Distraction
The percentage of drivers not using a hand-held mobile device/phone
while driving based on roadside surveys during daytime on working
days. The vehicle types included are passenger cars, light goods
vehicles and buses/coaches.
Explanations of symbols in tables:/ : not available- : not applicable (e.g. calculation cannot be performed)

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