“ Why Water Striders
can stand and slideon the Water? ”
A Summer Homework
by Son and Father with TRIZ
Taichiro Miyanishi(2nd Grader, Kenroku Junior High School／Son)○ Katsuya Miyanishi( ／Father)English brushing up supported by Toru Nakagawa (OGU)(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

2008/09/10
Slide 1

We are from KANAZAWA.
Intro.

FATHER Katsuya

PlanKanazawa

SON
TaichiroHypothese○○○○○2nd Grader,Kenroku
Junior High School

We are here now.

ComfirmPrototypes

Fa EndtherNagamachi

Higashiyama(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

Kanazawa
Castle4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Kenroku-en Garden
Slide 2Background
Intro.

Last summer・・・

Plan
Hypothese

○○○○○

Son

Comfirm

1st Grader,Junior High"Why the water striders
can stand and slide on
the surface of water?
I want to study about it
as my summer homework."

Prototypes

Good! But if you only survey
about it in books and write a report
without creativity, you would be
Fatherjust like an elementary school child.

Fa Endther(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 3

Purpose
Intro.
PlanHypothese○○○○○“Why the water striders
can stand and slideon the surface of water?”

Comfirm

Prototypes

Fa Endther– Let's set up hypotheses, and verify them!
– Let's make conceptual prototypes !
(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 4

Approach
Intro.
Plan

Let's use
TRIZ-thinking

Hypothese○○○○○in practicePlanning
Planning

ComfirmThinkindependently

Set
Set upup hypotheses
hypotheses

Prototypes

Verification
Verification

survey hereFa EndtherMake
Make aa prototype
prototype(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 5

Approach
Intro.

Planning
Planning

Plan

Let's use
TRIZ-thinking

Purpose,Target, Evaluation standard
Output, Schedule, etc.

Comfirm

Practice
PracticeHypothese○○○○○in practiceSet
Set upup hypotheses
hypotheses
Search for mechanisms
Grouping, Make a TREE
Enhancing ideas
Analysis, Select Candidates
Make ideas for hypotheses

NAZE-NAZE deployment
Affinity diagramming
Scene deployment, MECE
Strength/weakness analysisEvaluation, Combine

Prototypes

Fa Endther

Verification
Verificationof
ofour
ourideas
ideas

Product Analysis

Experiments
Experiments （Prototypes（Prototypes））

SFRTRIZ
TRIZCheckCheck(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

Physical Contradiction Centric Causal Analysis（ Larry Ball @ The 3rd TRIZ Symposium in JAPAN）

Reverse TRIZ
4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 6

Management （ Purpose,Target, Output, Schedule）
Intro.

Overview the Ideal（Goal, Outputs）, First!

PlanPurpose

Hypothese○○○○○(Main) Set up the hypothesis
Why the water striders
can stand and slideon the surface of water?
（Sub）
Making conceptual prototypes

Schedule

Process
Wants, Purpose, Target

Reports

NAZE-NAZE deployment

A4-Size20-pages

Own hypothesis
SurveyComfirm

TargetOutputImage

Confirmation and consideration

Use Clearfiles

Prototypes

Search for similar principles

Prototypes

Making conceptual prototypes(Size of 5-6cm)
by free and familiar materials

Fa Endther

The prototype must float
in the same principle.
(Not necessary to slide)
Complete theme by August 20.

(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

→ Free and familiar materials→ Collect resources for prototypes
Sketch the design of prototypes

Consideration ofexperiment result

Making prototypes

Improvement andRe-experiment

ExperimentSummary andImpression

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 7

Search for mechanisms
Intro.

NAZE-NAZE deployment (Root-cause analysis)

PlanHow
How toto Stand
Stand onon Water?
Water?

HowHow toto Slide
Slide onon Water?
Water?

Hypothese●○○○○

ComfirmFirst、 Search for many many causes!

Prototypes

・No particular about the water strider.
・Regardless of the concept size.
・Write on the Tag-Paper immediately.
・Mother and younger brother also joined part.

Fa Endther(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 8Grouping, and Make a Logic-Tree
Intro.

NAZE-NAZE deployment (Root-cause analysis)Plan・ Affinity diagramming
・ Make a Logic-Tree

Hypothese○●○○○

Comfirm

How
How toto Stand
Stand onon Water?
Water?

HowHow toto Slide
Slide onon Water?
Water?

Upper concept

Lower concept

Upper concept

Lower concept

Lighter things
inside the bodyGrouping

Rowon the waterGrouping

Air in the legsPrototypesRow by legs

Very light Air inside
Like a propeller

Fa Endther

Light liquid inside
Gas inside(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Fin on the legs

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 9

Enhancing ideas by Associative thinking
Intro.
Planlighter things
insideAirship

Hypothese○○●○○

associate

BalloonExampleJet balloon
associate

Enhancing by Associtive thinking
Slide by any jet pressure

ComfirmLower concept（Another concept）

Prototypes

Upper concept

Water pressure

Fa EndtherStand

Slideusing gas pressureusing gas pressure（＠KOSHIEN Stadium）

Jet balloonassociate(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 10

Imagination of waterside-scene
Intro.

Enhancing ideas byScene deployment.

PlanImagining scenes and actions in daily life gives us new awareness.

Comfirm

Imagination

Hypothese○○●○○

Fa EndtherChange
into ideas

Prototypes

Example-１

Example-2

Example-3

Water chopping

RemoraIce skating

Jump on thewater surface.

Ride on otherone.

Slide by freezingwater by the foot.

(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 11Strength／weakness analysis
Intro.

Objective analysis of each cause.

PlanHow to Stand and Slide on the water?

Comfirm

Use surface tension
Wide & thin footHelicopter

Prototypes

Fa EndtherRemora

Ride on oil film
4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Keep jet

Easy tobalance
Easy tobalance

Fall down
if melt

Not doanythingby yourself

Not always
desireddirection

Blue Tags

Slip easily

Coin on water

Ride on lotus leaf

Red Tags
Not easy tobalance
Easy tocaught

Bamboodragonfly

Freezing water

Ride on animals

abundantwater・・・・・・

Propeller(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

Strength Weakness

Water jet from toe
Water jet from hole

Ride on other one

Application・・・・・・

Hypothese○○○●○(Continued)

・・・・・・・

NAZE-NAZE deployment

Strength / weakness
analysisSlide 12Select candidate ideas for hypotheses
Intro.

Necessary conditions for water strider

Plan

Light weight

Hypothese○○○●○

Best two ideas
to “stand” on water.

SimpleFree move
Free rotation

Select best ideas
by theperspective viewof analysis.

Comfirm

Best two ideas
to “slide” on water.

Voting slip

Prototypes

Fa Endther

Combine idea with another(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 13Completion of hypotheses
Intro.

HowHow toto Stand
Stand onon Water?
Water?

HowHow toto Slide
Slide onon Water?
Water?

PlanHypothese○○○○●

Fine hairs ofthe footrepel water.

Legs
rowwater.

Comfirm

Prototypes

Fa EndtherHole ofthe bodyjets air.

Oil repels
water, also.
(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 14Confirmation of real facts
Intro.
PlanSurveyed books and references inthe library for the known facts.
HowHow toto Stand
Stand onon Water?
Water?

○○○○○

Hypothese・Fine hairs are on the feet.

HowHow toto Slide
Slide onon Water?
Water?
・Middle legs row the water like oars.

・Oil comes out of the feet, also.
・ Very light weight (40mg)

Comfirm・Therefore, surface tension canhold the weight..

Prototypes

・Middle legs row

Fa Endtherthe water
backward.
fingernail・The hairs hide the fingernail.
(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 15

Confirmation of own hypothesis
Intro.

HowHow toto Stand
Stand onon Water?
Water?

HowHow toto Slide
Slide onon Water?
Water?

PlanHypothese○○○○○

Fine hairs of
the feetrepel water.

Legs
rowwater.

Comfirm

Prototypes

Fa EndtherHole ofthe body
jets air.

Oil repels
water, also.
(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 16

Whole of NAZE-NAZE deployment map
Intro.

Necessarycondition forwater strider

Plan

Strength/weakness
analysisStrength

Hypothese○○○○○

Means toStand on
Water

Weakness

Application
examplesBest hypothesis
Selected andits reason
Voting slip

Comfirm

NAZE-NAZE
deployment

Whole of MAP

Prototypes

Confirmation oftrue cause
True cause

Fa Endther

Confirmation ofown hypothesis

Means toSlide on
Water

Correct
Incorrect(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 17

Deep understanding of the mechanism
Intro.

We performed "Product Analysis”.

make to standmake to stand

PlanholdLight weight

generate

Buoyancy
on watergenerate

Force todefy
gravitybodymake to sinkgenerate

Water
○○○○○

HypotheseshedLeghaveon surfaceof the water

Fine hairno destroy

Surfacetensionshed
come out

Oil

no destroy

Comfirmhide

Prototypes

row
have

Nail

generate

Frictional
force

generatemove

driving
foce onsurface ofwater

Fa Endthermake to standProduct analysis of water strider(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 18

Collect resources for prototypes
Intro.
Plan

Collect free and familiar resources (materials).
Decided by voting.
Materials obtainable free andeasily (in our house).
Obtainable but not easy to use.
Vote by TAICHIRO（Son）
Vote by KATSUYA（Father）

Materials

Requirement

Cotton

Paper

Straw

Stalk of
Statice

Body

Balsa

Vinyl

SpongeAluminum
foil

Lace

for surface
tensionshuttle

Mogol

Tooth
brush

DusterCorn

Setaria

Fine hair

Hair ofpeach

Parakeet's
shuttlecock

Wool

StuffedanimalShuttlecockBrushfor surface
tensionWaterproof

spray

Meat tray

Fluorine

Fa EndtherLight &strong

Mogol

Lead

Hair of
brush

Straw

Cutstraw
Stalk ofBrush

Leaf ofpine
Finewire4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Hypothese

Styrenefoam

Prototypes

○○○○○

Light
weightLeaf ofmorning-glory

ComfirmBrushfor glass

OilLegs(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

Slide 19

Designing conceptual prototypes
Intro.

Sketch the design of prototypes.

Plan

Son

Hypothese

○○○○○

Body

Styrenefoam

LegMogol

Hair

Mogol

Oil

Waterproof

Father
Body

Balsa

Hair

Hair ofbrushLeg

Stalk of
Brush

Oil

Waterproof

spray

Comfirmspray

1st prototype

Prototypes

Balsa

2nd prototype

LeadFa End
therSetaria
Waterproof

spray(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 20

Experiment！ Stand on Water？
Intro.

Son Won！

PlanSonFatherHypothese○○○○○

ComfirmPrototypes
Fa EndtherStand well

※ 2nd idea was abandoned,because fixation was difficult.
(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Stand so-soSept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 21

Confirmation by spiteful experiments
Intro.

Working on the real principle ?

PlanQ）

Q）

Without the fine hairs,
the model water strider
cannot stand on water?

Does it sink when
the surface tension
is reduced?

Hypothese○○○○○

Liquid detergent

Comfirm

Prototypes
Fa EndtherRight(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

Without hairs this modelcannot stand on water.
4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

RightSept. 10-12, 2008

It sinks.
Slide 22

Proposed by Mr.Larry Ball (Honetwell, USA)

Intro.

Causal Analysis with Larry Ball's Method.
A new condition "Good water" was recognized.

Plan（1）Causal analysis

Hypothese○○○○○

Not good atstanding ＝ｆon water

Comfirm

Prototypes

Technicalcontradiction（2）Real cause

Good atstanding

deteriorating

Area ofthe foot is

Aarea ofthe foot isSmallBig(area) of＝ Volume
the body is

Weight(specific density) is

Weight(specific density) is

Stand onthe surface.
（Not Float）

Big.
Weight isvery light.
（40mg）

HeavyLight

Water-repellingis

Water-repelling
isLow

High

ComplexSurface tensionof water is

Surface tensionof water is

Water is

Weak

Strong＝＝Father End

Physical contradiction

Structure of
the foot isClean(pure)

Have thinhairs
Oil issecreted.
Live inaclear water.

(New)（ref.） ｢Hierarchal TRIZ Algorithms｣ Larry Ball (Honetwell, USA), The 3rd TRIZ Symposium in JAPAN 2007 doc. P.77(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 23

Modeling of problem for Reverse-TRIZ
Intro.

Model-1 （Stand）

The foot is enlarged, and used as a float.
X：Useful material introductionPlan

Be made to stand with stability.

Smallfooton surface
Leg of the water（insufficient）

Hypothese○○○○○Body（disturb）

Change to huge

Comfirm

Model-2 （Slide）

The nail or fin of the foot rows water.

Be made to move horizontally.

Prototypes

SmallnailFa
ther End(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society（insufficient）（disturb）

Destroy
4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

X：Useful material introduction

on surface
Leg of the water

Surfacetension
Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 24

Reverse-TRIZ

Why Water Striders can “stand” on the water?
Intro.

【Wish】To stand on the water by foot with stability.

【Easy Approach】

The foot is enlarged, and used as a float.

ＥＣ２Plan

ＥＣ１
Worsening

Improving

Worsening

Not possible to float
with stability on water.

possible to float
with stability on water.

Foot becomes huge.

27 Reliability

27 Reliability

7Improving
Hypothese○○○○○

Foot and bodycan be reduced.

Comfirm

7

Volume ofmoving object

14.

Spheroidality-Curvature

1.

Segmentation

3.

Foot-structure is subdivided into hair level.

Prototypes

40. Composite materials
Has
Hairs at the front part of foot.
複合材料原理Father End

11. Beforehand cushioning
Oil複合材料原理
is secreted from the hair.

Volume ofmoving object

Local Quality
Foot has Fine hairs at the partthat touches water.

24.

Intermediary

To prevent the foot from destroying
the surface tension of water,
Hair and Oil, and Air
between the foot and water are used.

Actual 'principle for standing' can be derived from TRIZ.

(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 25

Reverse-TRIZ

Why Water Striders can “slide” on the water?
Intro.

【Wish】

To slide on the water by foot.

【Easy Approach】

The nail or fin of the foot rows water.

ＥＣ２

Plan

ＥＣ１

Hypothese○○○○○

Improving

Worsening

ImprovingSurface tension is
not destroyed.

Can’t advance well.

Can advance well.

Surface tensity isdestroyed.

action15 Durationof moving object

action15 Durationof moving object

11Comfirm

11

Stress orpressure

19.

Periodic Action

Inside foot is lacked and advances as Oar.

Worsening

Stress orpressure

27. Cheap short-living objects
複合材料原理????

Local Quality“Nail”
hidden in hair doesn't destroy the複合材料原理

Prototypes

3.

Unknown

surface tension and water is rowed.

Father End

What does this 3rd principle mean?

(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 26

Reverse-TRIZ
Intro.

Why Water Striders can “slide” on the water?
MIT had clarified my mystery of 3rd principle.
（Massachusetts Institute of Technology）

Plan

http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2003/robostrider.html（Excerpt from right record homepage）

Hypothese○○○○○

As the insect rests on the surface, thetips of its thin legs create minisculevalleys. It sculls the middle set of its
three pairs of legs like oars, causing
the water behind those legs to propel
it forward as the surface of the valley
rebounds like a trampoline.

ComfirmNew
awareness

Prototypes

27. Cheap short-living objects
複合材料原理The
miniscule valley of wateris used.

Fa
ther End’Sliding principle' can be proven from TRIZ, also.

(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 27

Summary of study
Intro.
Plan“Why the water striders
can stand and slideon the surface of water?”Hypothese○○○○○

We solved this mystery by using TRIZ-thinking.
Planning
Planning

Comfirm

Set
Setup
uphypotheses
hypotheses

Prototypes

Verification
VerificationThink
independently

survey here

Make
Makeprototypes
prototypes

Fa EndtherNature and living thing teach us many good ideas.
All principles have been proven by TRIZ.
(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 28

Son's and father's comments ・・!?
Intro.
Plan

Due to "NO criticisms", I could
learn things from father much
more gently than usual.

Hypothese○○○○○

I could do my homework byusing a state-of-the-art
technique. And, I won A FineWork-Prize from Kanazawa
Kid's Science Center .

I can report
son’s outputs, today.
I can say to my co-workers,"Even junior high school
students can utilize “TRIZ”
if they find a problem".

Comfirm

Prototypes

Fa Endther(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 29

Conclusion and Proposal
Intro.
Plan

TRIZ can be used foreverything
if you find a problem.

Hypothese○○○○○

Let's use it more flexibly,
freely and actively.

Comfirm

Curiosity
Inquiring mind
Try to think!

Prototypes

Fa Endther

Make TRIZ familiar
for childlen and teens.
(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 30TAICHIRO (Top author)‘s greeting
Intro.
Plan
Hypothese○○○○○Comfirm

Prototypes

Fa Endther(C) The Author & Japan TRIZ Society

4th Japan TRIZ Symposium 2008

Sept. 10-12, 2008

Slide 31