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SCH
ATM
x 20
x 240

ATM
GONG

20-inch PMTSCHATMinterface
SUN ultrasparc

x 20
x 240

SMP

ATM

online CPU(slave)

SMP

GONG

SMP
SMP
SMP
Super Memory Partner

SMP

x6

VME
20-inch PMTSCH

SUN ultrasparc

ATM

online CPU(slave)

x 20
x 240

SUN ultrasparc

ATM
GONG

online CPU(host)

Analog Timing Module

online CPU(slave)
TKO

FDDI

SUN ultrasparc

SUN ultrasparc

online CPU(slave)
SUN ultrasparc

online CPU(slave)
SUN ultrasparc

FDDI

online CPU(slave)
SUN ultrasparc

online CPU(slave)

online CPU(slave)interface
SUN ultrasparc
SMP

SUN ultrasparc

online CPU(slave)

SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP

Super Memory Partnerinterface

VME
VME

interrupt reg.
TRG

20-inch PMT
SCH
TRIGGERATM

TRIGGER

x 20
x 240

PROCESSORHIT INFORMATION
ATM
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Analog Timing ModuleTKO

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ATM x ~1000

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control levels
triggersignal to analog hitsum circuit
PMT pulset

CE16V8PAL

Threshanalog
delay
line

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TTL t/Q−pulse output

200 ns gate

LeCroy MQT 200
charge to time converter

Threshdaughter card

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Gate
Generator

Gate

CAMAC
ADC

SignalAttenuator

Trigger
Pulse
Generator

Fan Out

CAMAC
TDC

QTC

Pulse
SignalSTOP

QTC ECLoutput &a89:}¦  =§102 4 G$\A+ 9CED

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02FE"/&a-"/&a$/-'"/E2(v0*Ee,&}02FP¤d£02&!88/ 4p+4 /  &!8'::ä t :¯®°F'/-.(-%cd£0**&!88/& 4 $102G"G02G$±&a09& 4 FG!$A+¦  - 4 02 4 /b&aA¯02Fb¤d­( 4 %0**&a88/ 4 :9¤uA0*F¤d²$# 4 -v0y02&!88/e,&}02F&a02F& 4 &!-]02Gmv(H±02Fcd³e,&a!~02*&a88G*/($'0EA[02F'$'G02G"G0*/:7´

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"?Fr(--GH: D F(--G 4 eg/ 4 G!G"G02G$029F(m-&}A+*@V~/$' 4 02(mv(a 4 ±-&}A+*@C d D ^u39d D

4 ! 4 ±¶(-$!&a@o&}02G$%$1m&!(v02&a- 4 A+@·a&!-/(*&}0_n: C F02 4 0 4 10E\& 44 Fe,-\&!-  &!8':':}¦  :¸{¹º¹».¼]½ XY¾¿ ¾ º ¾U~À
C Fscd­$r(v02({(" & 4 &a0*&!- 4 n 4 02G@& 4 $&!(82(v@o@P/$& 4  &!8':¨:}¦  : C F'P'020A+@Á0*F
CEDyxz4 & 4  ($h7n(   D *nP¦;]´´ C &!@P1^H02v^_d9&!8&}0?( D -]mG0*/ p+C d Dt : C F C d Dyxz4  4 &a$
&!-P;  3§ C k9§P"G2(v0* 4GÂr G"/-]0*&!-8F 4 : C F C d Dyxz4 ~/*(v02,&a-Ã D @o@P-o§#0*Ä@o#$oe,&}02F(hÅ¨GAE02Æ iÇ4 G"{(-$(ia ( 4 0b"/-]0R("/"G2(v"GnvA  :È6\- 4 :®°F/(³Ã 4 0*Äw& 4 *G"//&}mG$°0*Fw¦¡@P 4 0.*G"//-]0{G$8 4 A+% (v"?F£"?F(--G(*\$&!8&}02&aÉ//$(-$];

Local Hitsum

QTC
Modulex40/quadx10/quad

TDC
x5
4 LSBsHigh Voltage

16 bit event #TDC

FASTBUSPMT

Paddle Card

StruckSupply~470/quadrant

FSCC

AUX

84 pin data ribbon cables

Ethernet FSCC Control

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A!->@:2FK5\C-> -B#5\:'>f:*F5«= C : C F5KeG8):'5#&:'-8 =C(8 -5#=BGnJ<*C 2: F5\7*5%='8 :2FPC-BA8)7*5\>vAw:2F<HC68):^:'5%=,(8;:'<*> =:%®8):'5#:-'8 =KC*(8 25%=B1n<HC@D5%8 C-25%EOhb> :*FE<H-5#B#:'7}nXC2<*=8s798 C25%7*<a8FQ: ±8 =EOh]nC-<H=8 D F5%25%=>)>mP7*<a8FQ:A!->@pB%> C*@$<*B?'8 n.@\>=CG:

T (nsec)cL
980

Typical TQ map

970
960
950
940
930
920
910
900
890
880
Q (p.e.) <!8K-5ZL:}¦ÌKd C F5F:'<a@D<H=8v^_K7*C25oF5#<!8FQ:[E<HC2:--<!hKK:'<H>=«g C :

pC+v ^u@f8 t A!>[8J:_n#<HBA8 7 v

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C F5aC-5#:-A!>@D5%8 C-K-<*='8U:2F5µeG8):'5#@:''8)=C*(8)-5%=KBGn p  <!8:#L: ]t <HC¨m5#nC-<a@D<H798 (:-> *: F5wC-5j:'C-5#E\A!>@$5A8 C2-<H=8T:2F5?25%7*8):'<}m5«=C:-<!@$<*=8>vÅeC25#:'CG:aM 

7*8 C-5# 8 =EsE'n5@$>uEK7*58 25

C-5#Ek:->.->"EB#5b@D>=K>v^B?F2>@D8):'<HB\7*<a8FQ:6<H=l8F'8 =8 5hb5j:_eG5#5%=ÆÆ]´f=@:'>{¡  ='@\: C F5
7*<!8F,:[<HC[C*7H<H:be <H:*F > =5\8):2F 8 ><*='8l:->8 ^<*=B?F«= Ce,F<*B?F<*C[C25%E:->O@$>=<h:'>\:*F5hb5%8@<*=Q:'5#=C-<h:_nJ8)=EJ:'>$:'2<!885#O:2F5IE5#:-5%B#:->/: C F5\C25%B#>=E|hW5A8@<*C+B%> =EBj:'5%EX<H=Q:'>D:*F5§uW5%Ð#Ñ^8v@D<H>>;8 =E5+:g8 =>Rm"<98\>K:'<HBA8 7¶rhW5%/:wME<aÅbC-5#h(8 7H7b<HC7*8 B%5#EF>=Z:2FK545%=EV>A@:*F5
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A!>m)8 2<*>C^E<}ÅeC25%h(8 7*7wEK5/K:*FC/: C FK5%eU8;:'5%^:'-8 =C*8 -5#=BGn<*C^5%C2:-<!@D8):'5#Eh(8)C-5%Em> =m8 =51©b> =5%=Q:'<*8 7: :'>T:*F57*<!8F,:U<*=Q:'5#=C-<h:_nV8 C+8A!=B#:-<*>=V>AE5GK:2F
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cc

Beam Splitter (50:50)
CCD camera
DYE / N2 laser
Lens

Integrating Sphere<< laser box >>Diffuser Ball
2inch PMT
Optical Fiber (70m)<< SK Tank >>CCD/PMT <*³K-5?L´  d C F5C25#:''Pµ!>O¶$5A8 C2-<H=³beU8;:'5%O:-'8 =C(8 25%=B1n´

1014-Dec-1996(420nm)
L=92.2±5.2m

4

0

10

¸

·

20
30
distance from CCD (m) <*³25?L´  ¦d=P5%8 C-25%¶$5%=Q:&> µ:*F5eU8;:'5%O:-'8 =C(8 25%=B1ns8): L  =¶s´
 <*³K-5lL´  ¦xCF>e CP:*F5x¶$5A8)C-25%E<H=Q:'5%=KC-<H:_n|8)CJ8nµ!=B#:-<*>=|> µ\E5/K:*F¶$5A8 C2-5#E¹8):P8
eU8 m5#7*5#=³ :2FJ> µiL v=¶s´Uº 5%B#5%=Q:&¶D5%8 C-25%¶$5%=Q:'C&> µ]:*F5eU8):-5% :'-8 =C*8 -5#=BGns³<}m5-5#C-7h:'C> µ¢¡]´"´a¦I¶8):ÆÆ]´T=¶\±¦  ÆK´}¦\8):&L  =¶±¶Æ L´  c ¶8): c  =¶\±W8 =KE¦  ´<Æ  ¶8): c »  =¶s´
 <*³K-5UL´  B#>¶o8 -5#C]:2F5#C-5 ¶$5A8 C2-5#¶D5#=,:-Cµe <H:*F:2F5 8):2:'5#="8):'<H>=T7*5#=³ :2FTKC-5%E$<*=Ps>=Q:'5
D

8 -7H>$C2<*¶K798):-<*>=C`> µ D F5%25%=¼)>ms7H<*³FQ:O<H=i§"b5#ÐÑ8 ¶$<*> ¼)8)=E5 ´

attenuation coefficient(1/m)

c¡Á

Dec.-3,4-96
Dec.-17-96
Jan.-18-97

ÂDec.-14-96
Dec.-27-96
Mar.-6-97-1

10Àtotalabsorption-2

10
Mie scattering
Rayleigh scattering

-3

10

200

½300

400

¾500

¿600

700
wavelength (nm)

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ÐP5%8 C-K-5%¶$5%=Q:-Cs>)µ?:'Æ5l8):2:'5#="8):'<H>=à7*5#=³ :-ÆáC-<H=³ÒB%> C-¶$<*BY-8ÎÞ ¶> =CZC25Y:'Æ5Yµz8 Bj::'Æ(8):GB%>C2¶D<HB&-8AÞf¶K>=CG5#¶D<h:U8IB%>=Co:g8 =Q:O=,¶\Ýb5#G> µÑGÆ5#-5#=¼ >ÎÓFËÆK> :'>=KCGËW5%GK=<H:`:''8)Bg¼
7*5%=K³ :'Æ´wÅOÆK5I=,¶ÝW5% > µË´²5 ´(E5j:'5#B#:'5#EJÝQÞs8R«NÐPÅyBA8)=s:-Æ5%=sÝb55ó©KËK-5%C2C-5#EX8 C%dÈzê Êâ S|ã#ä°å@æ%çì5 ëKË ¨ ©Ü¬ ª ¯ ±±qèÜé
ªÈ!L´ c Êlog(Ql/f(θ))

cíRUN 3106

500

P1
P2

/ 19
5.987
-0.9487E-04

2000

î3000

ñ

192.0

0.4609E-03
0.4444E-06

400
300
200
0

1000

ï4000

ð5000
l (cm)

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ª:'<*> =f7*5#=³ :-ÆôbøAþ c ¶sôu<HC`> ÝK:g8 <H=5%EDÝQÞDß:2:'<H=³8^C2:'-8 <*³ Æ,:`7*<H=5 :'>I:-Æ5425%C-K7H:'<H=³^E<*Co:'-<HÝK:-<*>=´ÅOÆ5+ÍG8):-5%N8):-:-5%=,(8):-<*>=[7H5%=³ :-Æ[<*CwBA8)7*B%K798):-5%ETµ!>w5#Ó 5%oÞD2=$8 =E[:'Æ5#C-5+¶D5%8 C-K-5%¶$5%=Q:-CG8 25
C-5#EZ<*=[:'Æ5+5%Co:'<H¶f8):-<*>=T>)µË(8 o:'<HB%7*5O¶$>¶$5%=Q:g8u´  <H³-5 L´ÄÃ)L^C-Æ>ÎÍ CN:'Æ5 Ó)8 -<*8):'<H>=T> µeÍG8):-5%
8):-:-5%=,(8):-<*>=V>ÎÓ5#+:-Æ5E(8):g8T:g8)¼"<H=³[Ëb5#-<H>uEV8 =8 7HÞ#É%5#EP<H=F:'Æ<HC+EK<*C-C25%o:g8):-<*>=´wÅOÆK5I<H=B%25A8 C25%C<*=P:-Æ5ÍU8):-5%+:''8)=C-Ë(8)-5%=KB#ÞsÝb5j:ÍG5#5%=xÃ þþ$8 =EiÆþþ[E(8AÞ"C?8 =E í þþ$8 =E » þþDE(8AÞ"C48)-5^E5:'>T:'Æ525%Ë7*8 B%5#¶D5#=,:+> µ7h:''8°÷ß(7h:'5%2CU<*=F:-Æ5?ÍU8):-5% Ë2<Hß(B%8):'<H>=VC2Þ"C2:-5%¶s´c»Attenuation length (m)

150

100

50

0

ÿ0

100

200

300

400



500

600

700

800



900

1000

Days since Apr. 1, 1996

 <*³K-54L´ÄÃ)LdwÅOÆK5ÍG8):-5%U:'-8 =C2Ë(8 -5#=B#Þs8)CO¶D5%8 C-25%EFÍ <H:-ÆVB%>C2¶D<HB4'8AÞF¶K>=C 8 C 8µ!=Bì÷:'<*> =s>)µ:-<*¶$54E2<*=³T:'ÆK5 í Æü;÷E8ÎÞZ8 =(8 7hÞ"C-<*COËW5%2<*>"E´ÚißÞÙ     !  !
"   #%$'& () *,+-(. / 1032547680:9<;>=?6<2A@B41C&Ë198@ED1F1=?0:DXÝQÞG;H6<IJ@BC-ËÆK0:982A=410?FK6<9L2541@MC4Ë198@ED1F1=?0\ËN;>9L6<2A=:OA0:C&Í ÆK25=gÆP0:2Q6'Æ10?9
CL6<@ Ë%254R6-Æ10SD10?680:=?68@B9T@B9OÆN;AÓB0U0:41@BFKVÆW0?410:9LV ÞR6<@JO50:;AÓB0X6'Æ10YD10Z6<0:=Z6<@B9?[]\_^;MO5O`6'Æ10ËN;M9a6<2A=:O50?C
Ë198@ED1F1=?0:D254b'6 Æ10c25476<0?9<;M=Z6<25@M4CL68@ Ë254KC825DK0J-6 Æ10dD10Z6<0:=Z6<@B9U'6 Æ10?4'6 Æ10e#0 ÓB0?476f25CY=g;MOAO50:D^hF1O5hO ÞQ÷=:@B476i;>25410?lD Èkj Ñ ÊZl 2Q^mI; Ë1;M9L6825=:OA0nj0 ëo2A68C]'6 ÆK0pD10Z6<0:=Z6<@B9q;M41DcD1%0 Ër@BC82Q6<NC Óo2AC8H2 Ý1O50n0:4K0:98)V Þc2A4c-6 Æ10tsXu
6'Æ10n#0 ÓM0:476v2AC!=g;MOAO50?$D Ë1;M9L682w;MOAHO ÞQ÷x=?@B476i;M2A410:VD ÈzòNÑ Ê [yjz2AVBF1980?C|{oh[ ø};>41Dd{E¢[ ÃX-C Æ1Î@ Í~6 ÞuËK25=g;>Oj Ñ;M41D
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41@ ËN;M9a6<2A=:O50?C`Ër0:4K0?6<98;>6<0T6<@Y6'Æ10tsSu¡6'Æ10?C80t0jÓB0:4768Cn;M980}0g;MCL25OHÞfCL0%ËN;>9<;>680:Dd^h98@MI ÝN;M=i¢yVB98@MF141D1C
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Super-Kamiokande
Run 5228 Event 161627
97-11-24:21:48:09
Inner: 1614 hits, 3051 pE

Charge(pe)>18.5
16.2-18.5
14.0-16.2
12.0-14.0
10.2-12.0
8.5-10.2
6.9- 8.5
5.5- 6.9
4.3- 5.5
3.2- 4.3
2.3- 3.2
1.5- 2.3
0.9- 1.5
0.5- 0.9
0.2- 0.5
< 0.2
430
344
258
172
86
0
0

500

1000

1500

2000

1500

2000

Times (ns)Super-Kamiokande
Run 5389 Event 329208
97-12-21:17:49:51
Inner: 1707 hits, 3065 pE

Charge(pe)>18.5
16.2-18.5
14.0-16.2
12.0-14.0
10.2-12.0
8.5-10.2
6.9- 8.5
5.5- 6.9
4.3- 5.5
3.2- 4.3
2.3- 3.2
1.5- 2.3
0.9- 1.5
0.5- 0.9
0.2- 0.5
< 0.2
470
376
282
188
94
0
0

500

1000

Times (ns)zj 25VBFK980n{o[Q¤B¥*¦§6x¨o©K25=g;>O1©N;M2A9@M^^hF1O5OQ¨7ªx=:@M4y6<;M254K0:D0?«M0:476<C?¬E68­106<@B©2AC!®¯TO525¢>0;M41Df6<­K0°`@M6L6<@BI
25C3±B¯TO52A¢M0>[P²}@M680c68­N;>632A4³°r@M6<­³=:;MC80?C6<­K0d@BFK680:9aª_D10?680:=Z6<@B9´hC8­1@µn4¶;>6U6<@B©9L25VB­76i·S­N;>C341@=:O5FKCL6<0?9n@M^z­K2A6n¸|¹WºX»¼C:[|º­10SD125Ca6<9L25°1FK6825@B4R@>^z¸|¹Wº½­12A6v6825IJ0:C2ACvC8­1@µn4W254R6<­10X­K25CL68@BVB98;MIW[º­10©r0g;M¢R2A4 68­10®z¯}OA25¢M0S0Z«B0:476X4K0g;M9n¾]¿¤ÀBÁBÁf41CT25C^h98@BIÂ;>4%0:OA0:=Z6<98@M4%©19L@oD1FK=:0:DW°7¨ 68­10
D10:=:;¨@>^*68­10SI3F1@B4Ã[ÀK¤
Super-Kamiokande
Run 1879 Event 176221
96-06-11:20:45:17
Inner: 4207 hits, 33521 pE

Charge(pe)>40.035.0-40.0
30.3-35.0
26.0-30.3
22.0-26.0
18.3-22.0
15.0-18.3
12.0-15.0
9.3-12.0
7.0- 9.3
5.0- 7.0
3.3- 5.0
2.0- 3.3
1.0- 2.0
0.3- 1.0
< 0.3
630
504
378
252
126
0
0

500

1000

Times (ns)

1500

2000

jz25VBFK980c{o[ÅÄo¥¦-6x¨E©125=:;MO©N;M9a6<2w;>O5OA¨%=:@B476<;M25410?Db0Z«B0?4y6:[ ²}@M680J68­10e=?O5F1Ca6<0:9Y@M^q@BFK6<0?9aª_D10?680:=?68@B9¸]¹ ºÆ­12A68CC8­1@µn4%;>66<­10SF1©K©`0?9T9L25VB­76:[°y¨c980?ÇyF1259L2541VUO52A6L6<OA0@B9]4K@;M=?682A«E2A6x¨f2A4c68­10XsXu3[yº­10pO5;M98VM0:CL6]C8@MF198=?0t@M^m°N;>=i¢EVM98@BF14KDd^h@B9|68­10j*ÈÉC<;MIJ©1OA0:CX=:@MIc0?CS^h9L@BIÊIc;MOQ^hF141=?6825@B4K2541Ve¸]¹ ºX»ËCSµn­125=i­C8©KF1982A@BF1C8OQ¨G0?Ic2Q6XO52AVB­76g[3º­10?C80
0?«B0?476<C:¬D1FK°1°`0?D#ÌaÍ;MCL­10:9LC8Î1¬;M980c980:IJ@«B0?D³°7¨³; C80:9L250?C@M^=?FK6<C3;M41DÏN41;MO5OQ¨P°7¨;WD1@BF1°1OA0­EFKIe;M4CL=g;M4Ã[¦}41@M6<­K0:9C8@MF198=?0Y@>^*°1;M=i¢yVB98@BFK41DW2ACv=:@MC8IJ25=t98;¨dI3F1@B41Cvµn­K25=i­0:476<0?96<­10X\u6<­19L@BF1VB­G=:;M°1OA0U°1FK41D1O50?C:[Tº­10=:;M°1OA0:C}^h@M9T68­103¸|¹WºX»¼CX;M9L0Y6<;M¢M0?4P@BFK6T6<­19L@BF1VB­%68­10sXu#254^h@BF193=?@BO5F1IJ41CYµn­125=i­©19L@«o2AD10R;%©1;>6<­³^h@B9U=:@BCLIc2A=e98;¨bI3F1@M41C6<@%0:476<0?936<­10d\uµn2Q6<­1@MFK6
D10:©r@BC82Q6<2A41V ;M47¨PO52AVB­76X254P6<­K0esXu3[Ãº­K0:980c;M9L0f^h@MF19XCL680:©1CY@M^q;MFK6<@MIe;>680:DÐ0?«M0:4763CL0:OA0:=?6825@B4Ñ[º­10%@BFo6<©1FK6J@M^}6<­10?C80WCL6<0?©1Ce2AC6<­10?4C8=:;M41410?D§°7¨¶©1­7¨EC825=?25Ca6<Cc68@b9L0:IJ@«B06<­10 980?Ie;M2A41254KV°N;M=i¢yVB98@MF141DÃ[|º­10SCL680:©1C};M980SCLF1IcIc;M9L25Ò:0?DR254º*;M°1O50Y{E[A¤B[À7ÄÓ 0?D1F1=?6825@B4 Ôm0?«M0:O ÈqFK6<C
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VB0:9L0:D °7¨R6<­10SD10?=g;g¨@M^*CL6<@M©1©`0?DW=?@BC8IJ25=X98;g¨RI3F1@B4KC:[
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0?«M0:476<C}°`0?O5@µ68­10Y;M4N;MOQ¨EC825Cv68­1980?C8­1@MO5D @M^ÞMÁc¹ 0?é3[û¶º­10v6<@>6i;MOE4yF1I3°r0:9@M^`sXu¸|¹Wº­12A68Cz9L0:=:@M98D10?DJ2A41C82AD10v;>4ßBÁBÁp4KCz6<2AIc0µn2541DK@ãµI3FKCL6°`0SOA0:C8C68­N;M4W{MÁK[º­10:CL0t=:FK68Cv;M9L0p;>©1©1O52A0:Df6<@Y6<­10}DN;>6i;U;MC|2A6|25C|=:@BOAO50?=?6<0?De;>41Dd980?D1F1=?0}6<­K0pDN;>6<;UC8;MIc©KO50^h98@BIü ¤Uý³¤gÁ Ø 6<982AVBVB0?98C©r0:9nDN;g¨d6<@JÞ7þ>ÁBÁ0?«B0?476<Cp©r0:9nDN;g¨M[ÀBÞë ìaí]ì_ÿ Tô÷mø]ùtõ óôõSöt÷ÑòNïøqùº­10nC80:=?@B41DJ980?D1F1=?6825@B436825VB­7680:41C68­10=:FK6@M4JsSu ;M=Z6<2Q«o2Q6x¨3;>41D25476<9L@oDKF1=:0?C;S=?FK6!6<@X9L0:IJ@«B0ÌaÍ;MCL­12541VMÎc¸|¹WºX»¼C:[|º­10Y=:9L2A6<0?9825;;M980>¥
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Super-Kamiokande
Run 2015 Event 1039
96-06-26:22:38:03
Inner: 1248 hits, 3655 pE
Outer: 0 hits, 0 pE (in-time)

Charge(pe)>26.7
23.3-26.7
20.2-23.3
17.3-20.2
14.7-17.3
12.2-14.7
10.0-12.2
8.0-10.0
6.2- 8.0
4.7- 6.2
3.3- 4.7
2.2- 3.3
1.3- 2.2
0.7- 1.3
0.2- 0.7
< 0.2
230
184
138
92
46
0
0

500

1000

1500

2000

1500

2000

Times (ns)Super-Kamiokande
Run 2015 Event 10335
96-06-26:22:55:28
Inner: 698 hits, 1976 pE
Outer: 0 hits, 0 pE (in-time)

Charge(pe)>15.013.1-15.0
11.4-13.1
9.8-11.4
8.2- 9.8
6.9- 8.2
5.6- 6.9
4.5- 5.6
3.5- 4.5
2.6- 3.5
1.9- 2.6
1.2- 1.9
0.8- 1.2
0.4- 0.8
0.1- 0.4
< 0.1
120
96
72
48
24
0
0

500

1000

Times (ns)zj 25VBFK980}{o[ËÞK¥*¦ 6x¨E©125=:;MON©N;M2A9@M^`ÍN;MC8­10?9q0Z«B0:4768C:[º­10:CL0p0Z«B0:4768Cv@o=?=:F19L980?Dcµn2A68­1254cÄMÁSIJ254yFK6<0?C@M^z0:;M=i­%@>6<­10?9:[

Number of Events

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X

10

Z

Atm. ν Monte Carlo3414 days Flashers

10

2

10

1
Y

0

0.2

Y

0.4

0.6

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Total Charge (p.e.)zj 2AVBF19L0S{o[Å{o¥|ÈqFK6n6<@JD10?680:9LIc2A410X2A^6xµ]@c0Z«B0:4768Ct;M9L0%ÌaIe;>68=i­10:CLÎ1[
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10 yr. Atm. ν Monte Carlo414 days Flashers

0.8
0.6
0.4

Rejected

Rejected

Maximum Correlation

1

0.2
Y

0

0

m

5

10

n

15

20

Y

0

5

10

15

20

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4Human Scan

s

PC ν

1

s

FC ν

10

2

Noise

10

18 evts: Re-scan Flashero
2 evts: Re-scan νFlasherq

Program

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10

3

Thru µr

Stop µEvents Rejected10

Scan Category

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Run 1734 Event 38449
96-05-29:21:23:05
Inner: 830 hits, 1358 pE
Outer: -1 hits, 0 pE (in-time)
Trigger ID: 0x03
ap ver: 0
Fully-Contained

Charge(pe)>15.013.1-15.0
11.4-13.1
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-1

-1

Flux ( m sec sr GeV )

10

4

0

-2

10

1

10

10

10

10

-1

-2

-3

-4

10

-1

0

1

2

10
10
10
10
Kinetic Energy per Nucleon (GeV)

¹ º

º

3

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Super-K Data Taking

Average Daily Sun Spot Number

200

150

100

50

0

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

fYear

1995

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m$pd ¤d® mGpdkgiz § ud|n|nmG}girdgih o2lo 7 o x>u3ipdk ¨ tgrQgitjQtuyGGjlknknm^}gir¡ d2 ¸? jQz |pdz xyj § m^k ;= p:tgu  pdrQ}Qm ¥ mGh5pdr|p  girlha}~p:|p o@ m ¤ p ­ mBp:znznjltm^}@znu3ipdktgrQgitjlt~j è mGzwZu3k | ¤ m
$pdGjQip:|gu3r1u:wp:|t u3z § ¤ mGk giIrQmGj>|kngrQuqm ­ m^rs|"knp:|m^z o £L¤ mLrQm è |Cznu3ipdkDt{p è gtjQtgzCm è`§ mG|mG}
girt gi} 7 ²² ¡ o £L¤ m}lgmGknm^rQGm1gir| ¤ m1m è`§ m^^|nmG}Bznj ¥`¨ \ m ] m ­ m^r5|(kp:|nm1wZu3kXz u3pdkt girQgtjQt
gizXp ¥ u3jl| 7 b¤ gih ¤ mGkL| ¤ pdrwZudkznu3ipdkp ­ m^kpdh3m o£L¤ mXm m^^|zIudw¡| ¤ mX¢"pdkO| ¤[î z"t{p:h3rQm^|ngiL£~m^i}u3r § k gitpdk ®

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p:|iu ¦ m^rQmGk h3gim^z o ã ^u3znt gi(knp ® gzknm F jlgiknm^}/|nu ¤ p ­ m ¤ gh ¤ kngh3gi}Qg¤| ® tudtm^rs|njQt¹§ mGkXjQrQg¤| ¤ pdknhdm º |nu § m^rQm^|nkp:|nm| ¤ m¢"pdk | ¤[î zTt{p:h3rQm^|ngi¥£~mG} o £L¤ mGjl|nudak gih3g}Qg| ® gizqGpdi^jQp¦|mG}pdz
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Zenith angle of arrival direction

0
10

10

20

90

50
10

5

20

10
5
5

180
0.0
S

60

120

180

240

300

360

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µ - Flux (cm-2 sec (GeV/c) )

10

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10

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10

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10

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-10

10

2

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112g/cm (x 10 )163g/cm (x 10 )

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283g/cm (x 10 )10615g/cm (x 10 )
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10

10

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0

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Muon Momentum (GeV/c)

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νe

1.0

10

0

10

1

10

-2

Neutrino Energy (GeV)

10

1.0

νµ

νµ

νµ

νµ

νµ
-1

1.5

νe

νµ

νµ

10

νe

1.5

νe

1.0

-2

2.

νe

νe

10

νe + νe

2.

1.5

νe

νµ + νµLK

νe + νeνe + νe

2.

1.5

2.5

νµ + νµBN

νµ + νµ

-1

10

0

10

1

10

-2

10

Neutrino Energy (GeV)

-1

νµ
10

0

10

1

10

-2

Neutrino Energy (GeV)

10

-1

10

0

10

1

Neutrino Energy (GeV)« gih3jlknm 2lo»¼ ¢ £L¤ mâãÝ ¹ ³ Ý Þ ¹dä ¶ âãÝ ° ³ Ý Þ °nä ¸ Ý ¹ ¶ Ý Þ ¹ pdrl}BÝ ° ¶ Ý Þ ° knp:|gu3zXpdzwZjQrQ^|ngiu3rlzu:wrQmGj>|kngrQu
C
mGrQm^knh ® wZu3kGpdi^jQp¦|giudrQz ¥®H udrQ}~p 0 ¶32 9 ¸å \ x 0 ¶54 9 ¸å K 0 ¡ ²57 9 ¸ pdrQ}æ =ç0 ¡ ²38 9 oEê ν = 0.2 GeVEê ν = 2 GeV

Honda
Bartolë ν + ë ν_
µ

-1
-2

Eê ν = 20 GeV

è0.2

100

-1

Flux (m sec sr )

10000

5000

µ

è0.1

50

ë ν + ë ν_
e

0

-1

è
écos0 Θ

1

0

-1

e

è
écos0 Θ

1

0

-1

è
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ô kngt{pdkOñ{^u3znt gi(knp$ñ>z^õ î uövmð3mGk| î m(~jyïlm^zqp:knm¥z ñyt tm|kng(p:| î gh î mGrQm^knh3gmGz o÷ø 7ù ûú%ü('ýþ"!$)*ÿ þ  üý |t u3z ô î mGkng(rQmGj>|kngrQu3zXpdk mAuQz mGkOð3mG}| î k u3jQh î | î mGgkLgir5|m^kpd|gu3rQzvöXg¤| î rsjQGmGu3rlzTp:rQ}|upmGz znmGk(mûïy|mGr5|1u3klg|p:m^imG|k u3rQz ozA| î mkp:|ngiuudw"| î mGknudznz¥znm^^|gu3rQzAwZu3k(rlmGjl|nkngirlu3z(u3rmGim^^|nknu3rQz|nuq| î mGknudznzz mG^|ngiu3rlzwZu3kCrQm^jl|k girQudzu3rrsjQGmGu3rlzgizk u3jQh î ¤ñ ¼ ¾ ÷ø ·sÃ
p:|rQmGj>|kngrQumGrlmGknhdgimGzu:w ÷ \ m ] gir5|m^kpd|gu3rQzudw­rQm^jl|k girQudzpdrQ}ÇmGmG^|nknu3rlz$pdrÇzp¦wZmGñmrQm^h3im^^|m^} o x>mð3mGknpd"Gipdznz mGz¥udwrQmGjl|nkngrQu rsjQ^im^u3r±gir5|m^kpd|giudrQz(pdk mGu3rQz gi}Qm^knm^}agir*| î m

ô knm^}Qgi|giudrudw| î m¥p:|ntu3z ô î m^kngiqrQmGjl|nkngrQum^ðdmGr5|qknp:|m^zgirx>j ô m^k ;>= pdt giu3¬¦pdrl}Qm oíî m¥|nud|p:
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10

Lν Charged Current
MtotalNquasi-elasticO
1-π
Pmulti-Oπ

2

10
1
-1

σ × E-1.7 (10-38 cm2 GeV-1.7)

10
-2

10
-3

10
10

-4

10
10

-1

2

1

10

1

10

10
1
10

-1

Lν Neutral Current
MtotalQelasticO
1-π
Pmulti-Oπ

10

2

-2

10
-3

10
-4

10
10

-1

R

10

2

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10

Lν Charged Current
MtotalNquasi-elasticO
1-π
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2

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10
1
-1

σ × E-1.7 (10-38 cm2 GeV-1.7)

10
-2

10
-3

10
10

-4

10
10

-1

1

2

10

2

_

10
1
10

Lν Neutral Current
MtotalQelasticO
1-π
Pmulti-pion

10

-1
-2

10
-3

10
-4

10
10

-1

1

10

R

10

2

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100

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e

-

µ

1.5
1

σ (10-38 cm2)

Ì0.5
0

Ì0

1

Í3

2

Õ

Î4

Ï5

Eν (GeV)

Ì0.5
Ì0.4

Lν n(bound) Ñ→ Lν n
Lν p(bound) Ñ→ Lν p
Lν p(free) Ñ→ Lν p

Neutral-current

Ì0.3
Ì0.2
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Ì0

1

2

Í3
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Lν p Ñ→ l p O π
Lν n Ñ→ l p O π
Lν n Ñ→ l n O π

1

Ì0.75
Ì0.5

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0

-

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σ (10-38 cm2)

Ì0.25
0

Ì0.4

Ì0

Ï5

10

Lν n Ñ→ L ν n O π
Lν p Ñ→ L ν p O π
Lν n Ñ→ L ν p O π
Lν p Ñ→ L ν n O π

Ì0.3
Ì0.2

15
0
0
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Ì0.1
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Ì0

Ï5
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10

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10

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Number of Eventsæsub-GeV e-like

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10

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10
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10

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1

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1

νµ - ντ
Feldman-Cousins confidence intervals
-1

2

2

∆ m (eV )

10

-2

10

-3

68%C.L.
90%C.L.
99%C.L.

10

-4

10

w0

0.2

w0.6

0.4

0.8

1

2

sin 2θ
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20
18

EntriesMeanRMS

ν³µ - ν´τ

· ¹
Eγ
-0.1 ¸σ¶µ
0.2 ¸σsub-GeV µ/e¶µmulti-GeV µ/e-1.0 ¸σPC/FC-0.4 ¸σ-0.2 ¸σsub-GeV zen.
multi-GeV zen. -0.1 ¸σ-0.1 ¸σ
L/E

16

Norm.

14
12

Nbins

70
-0.3496E-01
0.931610· ¸

8.4% (σ=25%)

8
6

±

4
2
0

-4

-2

0
2
(NDATA - NOSC)/σ²

4ºG10»#a2»¼uv!g½0CBBG0>GH ½0CèTéE -è E GJG 0a-¾1»¿e-like400

p<0.4 GeV/c300µ

sub-GeV¿e-like400À ν -νÀ

200

multi-GeV¿e-like80p>0.4 GeV/c

300

τ

100

¿e-like10080p<2.5 GeV/c

60

60

40

40

20

20

p>2.5 GeV/c

200

100

100

0
400

Áµ-like

0400Áµ-like

0
200

0
200

300

p<0.4 GeV/c

300p>0.4 GeV/c

150

150

Áµ-like

Partially Contained

200

200

100

100

100

100

50

50

ÂcosÃΘ
ÂcosÃΘ
ÂcosÃΘ
ÂcosÃ ΘºG L»#a2)¼;Ä" 0JL0r"J0yF0J^0 G~ ,~"XÅ;<"0^B J 02CIr®""J Y C0 GJG 0CJÆY1(LÇ1BGB""JB"J 1ÈB ÉJG0NJC0E®BB ½0
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0

0

-1

-0.6

-0.2

0.6

1

0

-1

-0.6

-0.2

0.2

0.6

1

0

-1

-0.6

-0.2

0.2

0.6

1

-1

-0.6

-0.2

0.2

0.6

1

Ó

multi-GeV µ-like + PC

multi-GeV e-like150

Number of Events

0.2

Data
Monte Carloνµ - ν τ

ÏÐ ÏÑ

100

50

0
-1

-0.6

Ò
cosΘ

-0.2

0.2

0.6

1

-1

-0.6

Ò
cosΘ

-0.2

0.2

0.6

1

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νµ - ντSimulations

-1

10

2

∆m (eV )(1.0, 3.5×10-3)-2

90% CL - Expected 2002

2

1090% CL - Expected 2006

-3

10

-4

10

w0

0.2

w0.6

0.4

0.8

1

2

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1

νµ - νsterile-12∆m (eV )

10

-2

2

10

68% CL
90% CL
99% CL

-3

10

-4

10



0

0.2

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0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2

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200

100

100

multi-GeV¿e-like100p>0.4 GeV/c

300

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10

10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

L/EÁ ν
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µ-likee-like400

Data
Monte CarloBest Fit

350

Number of Events

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
1

10

10

2

10

Ë3

10

4

1

10

10

2

10

Ë3

10

4

10

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L/EÌ ν (km/GeV)ºG 7»rÔ1»r¼HýHþ0L Bÿ0þ0G«0r"J0DBG0 J4$ G4: ," CJþ¶0c· ÎD ÆYÖµG'¸: B0ØB 0B0I"Î¤x'¡ nþ0CÌ ê°Î(¾pÚ(%$T5h43rÿ®10B 1f"þçÝr0ÿM$
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Data / Monte Carlo

1.5

1

0.5

e-likeÔµ-like

0
1

10

10

2

Ñ

10

3

10

4

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10

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νìµ Decay Excluded

0

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0.6

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sub-GeV¿e-like400À ν Decayp>0.4 GeV/c

300

200

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100

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100

60

60

40

40

20

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0
200

300

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300p>0.4 GeV/c

150

150

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200

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0.6

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0.2

0.6

1

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0.2

0.6

1

-1

-0.6

-0.2

0.2

0.6

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P(νµ-ντ) = sin22θ sin2(αL×E)
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60

60

40

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20

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150

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80

0
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200

200

100

100

100

100

50

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0

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-1

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0.2

0.6

1

0

-1

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-0.2

0.2

0.6

1

0

-1

-0.6

-0.2

0.2

0.6

1

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0.2

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p<0.4 GeV/c

400

300

sub-GeV400²e-like
´
300
200

100

100

0
400

µ µ-like³
p<0.4 GeV/c

300

80

multi-GeV
100²e-like´
80p>2.5 GeV/c

60

60

40

40

20

20

0
200

µ µ-like´
p>0.4 GeV/c300²e-like³p<2.5 GeV/c

100p>0.4 GeV/c

200

0
400

Bi-maximal Mixing

0200µ µ-like

Partially Contained

150

150

200

200

100

100

100

100

50

50

0
-1

-0.6

0

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-0.2

1

-1

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0
1

-1

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-0.2

0
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Democratic Mixing
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23

∆m

2

10

-2

10

-3

10

-4

10
10

-6

10

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10

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10

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400

300

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300
200

100

100

0
400

0
400

µ µ-like³
p<0.4 GeV/c

80µ µ-like´
p>0.4 GeV/c300²e-like³p<2.5 GeV/c

100p>0.4 GeV/c

200

300

Democratic Mixing

multi-GeV
100²e-like´
80p>2.5 GeV/c

60

60

40

40

20

20

0
200

0
200

µ µ-like

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150

150

200

200

100

100

100

100

50

50

0
-1

-0.6

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-0.2

0
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-0.2

0
1

-1

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-0.2

0
1

-1

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1

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