*Country Profile

Luxembourg

ROAD SAFETY

This document is part of a series of 30 country profiles: one for each Member Stateof the EU 27 and three EFTA countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland). The
purpose of this series is to provide an overview of the road safety situation in a specificcountry.
Contract:

This document has been prepared in the framework of the EC
Service Contract MOVE/C2/SER/2022-55/SI2.888215 with
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), SWOV Institutefor Road Safety Research and Kuratorium für Verkehrssicherheit(KFV).

Version:February 8, 2024

Authors:

Katerina Folla, Konstantinos Kaselouris (NTUA)Internal Reviewers: Govert Schermers, Ingrid van Schagen (SWOV)
Referencing:

Reproduction of this document is allowed with due
acknowledgement. Please refer to the document as follows:
European Commission (2023), Country Profile Luxembourg.
Road Safety Observatory. Brussels, European Commission,
Directorate General for Transport.

Disclaimer
Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the matter presented in thisdocument is relevant, accurate and up to date, the (sub)contractors cannot accept
any liability for any error or omission, or reliance on part or all of the content inanother context.
Any information and views set out in this document are those of the author(s) and do
not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Commission. The
Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study.
Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may beheld responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained therein.

© European Commission, 2023.The EU does not own the copyright in relation to thefollowing elements:- Cover page photos, © www.shutterstock.com

C ount ry Profi leLuxembourg

Contents
1.

Highlights ........................................................................... 4

2.

Road Safety Outcomes ......................................................... 5

3.

4.

5.

6.

2.1

Road Safety Trends ......................................................... 5

2.2

Risk Figures .................................................................... 6

2.3

Transport Mode ............................................................... 7

2.4

Age and Gender .............................................................. 9

2.5

Area and Road Type ....................................................... 11

2.6Time Period ................................................................... 12

2.7

Lighting and Weather Conditions ...................................... 13

Safety Performance Indicators .............................................. 14
3.1Road User Behaviour ...................................................... 14

3.2

Vehicle Safety ................................................................ 15

3.3

Enforcement .................................................................. 15Road Safety Policy and Measures .......................................... 16
4.1

National Road Safety Strategy.......................................... 16

4.2

Traffic Laws and Regulations ............................................ 16

4.3

Driving Licences ............................................................. 174.4Road Infrastructure ........................................................ 18

Structure and Culture .......................................................... 19
5.1Country Characteristics ................................................... 19

5.2

Structure of Road Safety Management .............................. 20

5.3

Self-declared behaviour & Attitudes .................................. 21

Notes ................................................................................ 22
6.1

Data Sources ................................................................. 22

6.2

Definitions ..................................................................... 24

3

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1. Highlights
Road Safety Outcomes• In 2021, 24 people were killed and 267 people were seriously
injured in road crashes in Luxembourg.
• In terms of mortality rate, Luxembourg ranks 8th out of 27 EU
member countries and the rate is lower than the EU average. Thisis also the case for risk in terms of fatalities per vehicle population
where the country ranks 8th and with a rate that is 35% lower
than the EU average.
• Luxembourg recorded significant reductions in fatalities andserious injuries over the period 2012-2021, with higher reductionof seriously injured pedestrians.
Road Safety Performance Indicators• Self-reported drink-driving is much higher than the EU average.
• The passenger car fleet is considerably younger than the EU
average.
Road Safety Policy Measures & Country Characteristics• Luxembourg has a 0.2g/L limit for drink-driving for novice andprofessional drivers. The drink driving limits are the same as forthe most of the EU.
• Motorway density in Luxembourg is very high compared to the
EU average.
• Luxembourg’s GDP per capita is the highest in EU.

4C ount ry Profi leLuxembourg

2. Road Safety Outcomes
2.1 Road Safety Trends
In Luxembourg, 24 people were killed and 267 people were seriously
injured in road crashes in 2021 a. Over the period 2012-2021 thenumber of fatalities in Luxembourg decreased by almost 30%, which ishigher than the reduction in the European Union (25%). The numberof serious injuries also showed a significant decrease over the same
period (21%).
In terms of mortality rates, 38 road fatalities per million inhabitants
were recorded, which is below the EU average of 45.
Table 1. Number of fatalities and serious injuries, 2012 and 2021
Fatalities
Serious Injuries

2012
34
339

2021
24
267

Trend
-29%
-21%

EU trend-25%-

Figure 1. Mortality rate development, 2012 – 2021

Fatalities per million
inhabitants

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Luxembourg

European Uniona

It is noted that the global COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the CARE data for2020 and 2021 for many European countries. Traffic volumes dropped sharply during
the pandemic due to traffic restrictions, which was associated with a significant drop
in road traffic crashes and fatalities.

5C ount ry Profi leLuxembourg

Serious injuries per million
inhabitants

Figure 2. Evolution of serious injuries per million inhabitants, 2012 –
2021
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Luxembourg

2.2 Risk Figures
Figure 3. Mortality rates by country, 2021

Fatalities per million
inhabitants

100
90
80
70
60
50
40

EU = 45

38

30
20
10
0

Taking into account the number of vehicles, Luxembourg performed
better than the EU average. The rate of 0.46 fatalities per 10,000
registered vehicles in Luxembourg is lower than the EU average of 0.63.

6

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Fatalities per 10000 registeredvehiclesFigure 4. Fatalities per thousand registered vehicles, 2021
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50

EU = 0.63

0.46

0.00

2.3 Transport Mode
In 2021 b, car occupants accounted for more than 60% of road fatalities
in Luxembourg. This percentage is higher than that observed in the EU
as a whole (45%). Passenger cars also account for a larger proportionof the vehicle population in Luxembourg than is the case in the EU asa whole (84% vs 78%)
Over the period 2012-2021, there has been a decrease in road fatalities
and serious injuries in Luxembourg for almost all transport modes.
Concerning serious injuries, the highest decrease was recorded forpedestrians and car occupants (50% and 37% respectively).
Also, the number of fatalities in single vehicle crashes decreased morethan in the European Union.

Different shares of transport modes in the casualty numbers, as shown in thissection, may also reflect differences in the size of the vehicle fleet and the usage ofdifferent modes rather than a difference in safety level.
b

7

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Table 2: Number of fatalities by transport mode, 2012 and 2021
2012
0
22
0
0
1
0
6
5
34

Bus/coach occupants
Car occupants
Cyclists
Heavy goods vehicles
Lorries, under 3.5t
Other/unknown
Pedestrians
Powered two-wheelers
Total

2021
0
15
0
0
1
0
5
3
24

Trend

EU trend
26%
-28%
-12%
-11%
-14%
-13%
-34%
-18%
-25%

-32%
-29%

Figure 5. Distribution of road fatalities by transport mode, 2021

European
Union

45%

Luxembourg

6%

19%

63%
0%

20%

4%
40%

60%

9%

18%

13%

21%
80%

Car occupants

HGVs, Lorries and buses

Powered two-wheelers

Cyclists

Pedestrians

Other/unknown

3%

100%

Table 3: Number of serious injuries by transport mode, 2012 and 2021
Bus/coach occupants
Car occupants
Cyclists
Heavy goods vehicles
Lorries, under 3.5t
Other/unknown
Pedestrians
Powered two-wheelers
Total

2012
0
187
20
1
7
2
64
58
339

8

2021
4
118
27
4
9
5
32
68
267

Trend
-37%
+35%
-50%
+17%
-21%

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Table 4: Number of VRU fatalities in crashes involving passenger cars,
buses or coaches and lorries or heavy goods vehicles, 2012 and 2021
Crashes involving busesor coaches
Crashes involving cars
Crashes involving lorries
or heavy goods vehicles

2012

2021

Trend

EU trend

0

1

-

-47%

5

3

-

-29%

1

1

-

-15%

Table 5: Number of fatalities in single vehicle crashes by transportmode, 2012 and 2021
2012

Bus/coach occupants
Car occupants
Cyclists
Heavy goods vehicles
Lorries, under 3.5t
Other/unknown
Powered two-wheelers
Total

2021
0
7
0
0
1
0
1
9

/
13
0
0
0
0
4
17

Trend
-46%
-47%

EU trend
+47%
-28%
+37%
-44%
-12%
-20%
-16%
-23%

2.4 Age and Gender
In Luxembourg, about 76% of fatalities and serious injuries in roadcrashes were males. The distribution of fatalities across age groups issimilar for both genders. Concerning serious injuries, a much higher
reduction was observed for females (44%) compared to males (9%)
during the period 2012-2021.
Figure 6. Distribution of road fatalities by age and gender, 2021

FemaleEuropean Union

6% 10%

Luxembourg

23%

20%

30%
0%
<18

30%

20%
18-24

40%

40%
50-64

25-49

9

30%
60%
65+

80%
Unknown

10%100%

C ount ry Profi leLuxembourg

Male
European Union 4% 13%
Luxembourg

36%

23%

36%
0%
<18

29%

20%
18-24

40%
25-49

24% 1%
29%

60%

50-64

65+

80%

7%
100%

Unknown

Table 6: Number of fatalities by age and gender, 2012 and 2021
Female
<18
18-24
25-49
50-64
65+
Unknown
Total
Male
<18
18-24
25-49
50-64
65+
Unknown
Total

2012

2021

Trend

EU trend

2
0
3
0
3
0
8

0
3
3
3
1
0
10

-

-44%
-40%
-37%
-23%
-25%
-22%
-31%

1
6
11
2
6
0
26

0
5
4
4
1
0
14

-46%

-27%
-37%
-30%
-13%
-8%
-9%
-23%

Table 7: Number of serious injuries in by age and gender, 2012 and2021
Female
<18
18-24
25-49
50-64
65+
Unknown
Total

2012

2021

Trend

10
26
43
17
19
0
115

1
14
22
19
8
0
64

-46%
-49%
+12%
-58%
-44%

10

C ount ry Profi leLuxembourg

Male
<18
18-24
25-49
50-64
65+
Unknown
Total

17
41
117
34
14
1
224

8
37
103
33
22
0
203

-53%
-10%
-12%
-3%
+57%
-9%

2.5 Area and Road TypeThe majority of road fatalities and serious injuries in Luxembourg
occurred on rural roads. The share of serious injuries on urban roads ishigher (41%) than the share of fatalities. Over the period 2012-2021,
the number of fatalities and serious injuries decreased on all road types
in Luxembourg.
Table 8: Number of fatalities by road type, 2012 and 2021
2012
7
20
7
0
34

Motorway
Rural
Urban
Unknown
Total

2021
1
18
5
0
24

Trend
-10%
-29%

EU trend
-6%
-28%
-24%
-48%
-25%

Figure 7. Distribution of road fatalities by road type, 2021

European
Union

9%

53%

Luxembourg 4%
0%

39%
75%

20%

40%
Motorway

21%
60%

Rural

11

Urban

80%

100%

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Table 9: Number of serious injuries by road type, 2012 and 2021
Motorway
Rural
Urban

2012
35
151
153

2021
15
142
110

Trend
-57%
-6%
-28%

Unknown

0

0

-

339

267

-21%

Total

Figure 8. Distribution of road fatalities inside urban areas by transportmode, 2021

European
Union

28%

Luxembourg

3%

20%

20%

0%

13%

33%

3%

80%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Car occupants

HGVs, Lorries and BusesPowered two-wheelers

Cyclists

Pedestrians

Other/unknown

2.6 Time Period
The distribution of fatalities by day of the week and time of the day isvery similar to that of the EU. Most fatalities occurred during working
weekdays. Over the period 2012-2021, Luxembourg showed a morefavourable downward trend regarding daytime fatalities (both during
the week and at weekends), which is in line with the EU average.
Table 10: Number of fatalities by time period, 2012 and 2021
2012
18
0

2021
13
1

Trend
-28%
-

EU trend-21%-30%

Weekend - Daytime

12

5

-58%

-25%

Weekend - Night-time

4

5

-

Unknown
Total

0
34

0
24

-29%

-39%
-75%

Working week - Daytime
Working week- Night-time

12

-25%

C ount ry Profi leLuxembourg

Figure 9. Distribution of road fatalities by time period, 2021

European
Union

59%

Luxembourg

8%

54%
0%

4%

20%
Working week - Daytime
Weekend - Daytime

40%

23%
21%

60%
80%
Working week- Night-time
Weekend - Night-time

10%
21%
100%

2.7 Lighting and Weather Conditions
According to the distribution of fatalities by lighting and weather
conditions, the majority of fatalities both in Luxembourg and in the EU
are during daylight and under dry weather conditions.
Table 11: Number of fatalities by lighting and weather conditions, 2012
and 2021
Lighting Conditions
Daylight
Twilight
Darkness
Weather Conditions
Dry
Rain
Other/Unknown

2012

2021

Trend

EU trend

21
1
12

9
1
14

-57%
+17%

-17%
-25%
-33%

24
8
2

18
5
1

-25%
-

-24%
-28%
-25%

13

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3. Safety Performance Indicators
3.1 Road User Behaviour
Table 12: Road Safety Performance Indicators, 2022 or latest available
year
Luxembourg
Speeding% of passenger cars travelling within speed limits1
Motorways

EU

c

/

-

Rural Roads/-

Urban Roads

/

-

Front

/

93.3

Rear

/

75.5

/

67.0

PTW driver

/

97.0

PTW passenger

/

94.4

/

37.8

24.1

11.8

Seat belt & CRS use rates (%)1,2

Child restraint systems
Helmet use rates (%)

1

CyclistDUI of Alcohol3(self-reported)% car drivers have driven at least oncein the last 30 days over the legal limit
Driver Distraction1% of drivers not using hand-heldmobile device/phone while driving

/

94.8

Sources: Baseline project, ETSC (2022), ESRA3 project (2024), national sources
1

2

3

4

An EU average is not available for speeding, due to different legal speed limits among
countries, which does not allow for a straightforward comparison. Please also notethat for some Safety Performance Indicators of Section 3, the EU average is based ona small number of EU Member States with available data (see Section 6.1).
c

14

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3.2 Vehicle Safety
Table 13: Vehicle Safety Performance Indicators, 2019
Luxembourg% of new passenger cars rated
with 4 EuroNCAP stars and above1
Average age of passenger car fleet(years)2

EU

/

83.6

6.7

11.8

Sources: 1Baseline project, 2ACEA (2022)

3.3 Enforcement
Table 14: Number of traffic police tickets per thousand population,
2020
Tickets per 1,000 population
Speeding
Non-use of seat-belt
Illegal use of mobile phone
Driving above legal alcohol limits

Luxembourg
391.6
2.4
4.7
1.7

Source: ETSC (2022)

15

EU
139.7
5.7
4.4
1.9

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4. Road Safety Policy and Measures
4.1 National Road Safety Strategy
Table 15: National road safety strategy and targets
Timeframe
Lead Authority
Targets
Fatalities
Serious injuries
Baseline Year
SPIs

Luxembourg2019-2023
Ministry of Mobility and Public Works- Department of Transport

-50%
-50%
2019
No targets on SPI
https://transports.public.lu/damLink
assets/publications/20190513-plan-d-action-securite-routiere2019-2023.pdf
Source: national sources

4.2 Traffic Laws and Regulations
National road safety legislation in Luxembourg reflects the situation in
the majority of EU countries.
Table 16: National road safety legislation
Speed limits forpassenger cars (km/h)
Urban roads
Rural roads
Motorways
Allowed BAC levels (g/l)
General population
Novice drivers

Luxembourg

Most common in EU

50
90
130

50: 26/27
90: 17/27
130: 14/27

0.5
0.2

0.5: 19/27
0.2: 12/27, 0.0: 9/27
0.2: 10/27, 0.0: 9/27,
0.5: 6/27

Professional drivers

0.2

Seatbelt requirement
Drivers
Front Passenger
Rear Passenger
Child restraint systems

Yes
Yes
Yes

CRS required

Up to 17 years / 150 cm

Children in front seats

Allowed in CRS

Children on motorcycles

Prohibited under 12
years old

16

Yes: 27/27
Yes: 27/27
Yes: 27/27
up to 135 cm: 11/27,
up to 150 cm: 11/27
Allowed in CRS: 22/27
Prohibited under certain
age/height: 18/27

C ount ry Profi leLuxembourg

Luxembourg

Most common in EU

Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No

Yes: 27/27
Yes: 27/27
Yes: 25/27
Not mandatory: 19/27
Not restricted: 16/27

No
Yes

No: 26/27
Yes: 27/27

Helmet requirement
Powered Two Wheelers
All roads
All engines
Cyclists
Age restriction
Mobile phone use
Hand-held phone use allowed
Hands-free phone use allowed
E-scooters

Allowed from 10 years
Not restricted: 9/27,
oldAllowed from 14 years: 6/27
Max. speed limit (km/h)
25
25: 18/27
Helmet requiredNo
Not required: 12/27
Allowed on road lanes
Yes: 18/27
Allowed on pavements
No: 13/27, Yes: 9/27
Allowed on bicycle paths
Yes: 21/27
Sources: EC (2023), WHO (2018), FERSI (2020), National sources
Age restriction (yrs.)

4.3 Driving Licences
Table 17: Policies and regulations related to driving licences
Luxembourg

Most common in EU

Novice Drivers
Accompanied driving
Probation period for novice
drivers
Renewal procedure
Renewal procedure(compulsory)
Renewal interval

17 years old
2 years

Yes
Every 10 years

Medical requirements
Source: National sources

Yes

17

17 years: 13/27,
No: 7/27
2 years: 7/27,
3 years: 5/27
Yes: 26/27
Εvery 10years: 13/27,
Εvery 15years: 9/27
Yes: 22/27

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4.4 Road Infrastructure
Table 18: Policies and regulations related to road infrastructure
Audits or star rating required for
new road infrastructure
Inspections / star rating of existingroads
Design standards for the safety ofpedestrians / cyclists
Investments to upgrade high risk
locations
Policies & investment in urban
public transport
Policies promoting walking andcycling
Source: WHO (2018)

Luxembourg
Partial18

Most common in EU
Yes: 10/27,
Partial:17/27

Yes

Yes:26/27

Yes

Yes:25/27

Yes

Yes:20/27

Yes

Yes:23/27

Yes

Yes: 21/27

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5. Structure and Culture
5.1 Country Characteristics
Population density and GDP per capita in Luxembourg are above the EU
average.
Table 19: Country Characteristics, 2021
Luxembourg
Demographics
Population (inhabitants)
Population density (inh./km2)% children (0-17)% adults (18-64)% elderly (65+)% of urban population
Economic Data2
GDP per capita (euro)
Infrastructure1
Country Area (km2)Road network length (km)Road density (km/km2)% of motorways% GDP spent to road infrastructure3
Vehicle Fleet1
Vehicles per population% of passenger cars
% of motorcycles% of HGVs% of buses
Exposure1
Modal split of passenger transport onland (passenger-km in %):- Passenger cars
- Bus/coach/Metro/Tram
Modal split of freight transport on land
(tonne-km in %):- Road- RailEnvironment1
CO2 emissions from road transport(million tonnes)
Share of road transport emissions in
total transport emissions (%)
Sources: 1EC (2023b), 2Eurostat, 3OECD (2023)

EU

2

19

634,730
516,100
19.1
66.3
14.6
92.4

447,000,548
109.0
18.2
61.6
20.3
75.2

112,780

32,560

2,595
2,909
1.1
5.60
0.4

4,225,134
4,473,380
1.1
1.67
0.4

0.83
83.6
6.4
9.6
0.4

0.73
77.3
11.4
11.1
0.2

86.0
10.6

85.2
8.7

85.6
6.5

74.6
16.4

4.9

739.8

72.1

76.3

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5.2 Structure of Road Safety Management
Table 20: Road Safety Management Structure
Key Functions
Formulation of nationalroad safety strategy
Monitoring of the roadsafety development
Improvements in roadinfrastructure
Improvement invehiclesImprovement in roaduser education
Publicity campaigns

Key Actors-

Ministry of Mobility and Public works-

Ministry of Mobility and Public works
Police-Ministry of Mobility and Public works-

Ministry of Mobility and Public works Improvement
The Vehicle Inspection Centre (SNCT)
Ministry of Mobility and Public works
Centre de formation pour conducteurs à Colmar-Berg
SNCT
Ministry of Mobility and Public works
Sécurité Routière (Road Safety prevention
Association)
Ministry of Mobility and Public works Enforcement
Police grand-duc
Other (non-profit) organisations are active on roadsafety awareness, education and prevention: e.g.
The Association of Road Victims (AVR)
Responsible Young Drivers (awareness for young
drivers)

Enforcement of traffic
laws-

Other relevant actors-

Source: National sources20

C ount ry Profi leLuxembourg

5.3 Self-declared behaviour & Attitudes
Table 21: Self-declared behaviour and attitudes
Luxembourg
Risk Taking% at least once in the past 30 days
- drive after drinking alcohol- drive faster than the speed limit
inside urban areas- transport children under 150cm
without using CRS
Enforcement Perception% of likely of being checked for- drink-driving- respecting speed limits- using of hand-held mobile phone
while driving
Support for policy measures% of support to a legal obligation to- zero tolerance for all novice
drivers- limiting the speed limit to
30km/h in all built-up areas(except on main thoroughfares)- requiring all cyclists to wear ahelmetSource: ESRA3 project (2024)

21

EU Average

Ranking among
EU countries

37.2

17.0

18/18

60.8

55.7

13/18

8.2

17.2

1/18

12.0
28.2

16.8
34.4

15/18
15/18

11.8

15.0

13/18

73.9

76.6

14/18

30.5

38.3

12/18

69.1

60.1

6/18

C ount ry Profi leLuxembourg

6. Notes
6.1 Data Sources
CARE (Community database on road accidents in Europe)
All information in section 1 of the Country Profile is based on the CARE
database. The full glossary of definitions of variables used in this Reportis available at EC Mobility & Transport - Road Safety webpage.
The European average is based on the average of the 27 EU countries.
EU trends and aggregated figures are based on the most recent figuresavailable (2021). In case of missing values, the EU averages andaggregated data were produced by imputing figures based on data fromprevious years. For values less than 10, the trend is not shown since it
may be due to randomness. Also, due to missing data on serious
injuries for some EU countries, EU total/average is not calculated. Dateof extraction: July 2023
ACEA (2022)
European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association. The automobile
industry - Pocket guide 2022/2023. ACEA, 2022.
https://www.acea.auto/files/ACEA_Pocket_Guide_2022-2023.pdf
Data on the average age of the passenger car fleet come from the
ACEA. The European average is based on the average of 24 EU
countries. Date of extraction: July 2023
Baseline project
Information in section 3 is based on Key Performance Indicators
collected within the Baseline project.
https://road-safety.transport.ec.europa.eu/statistics-andanalysis/data-and-analysis/key-performance-indicators-kpis_en
Alternative sources were used for countries with no available data in
the Baseline project (e.g., ETSC, national sources). The European
average is based on the average of 17 EU countries for speeding, 23
EU countries for seat-belt use, 13 EU countries for CRS use, 14 EU
countries for helmet use, 14 EU countries for driver distraction and 13
EU countries for vehicle safety. Date of extraction: July 2023
European Commission 2023
Data were retrieved from EC Mobility & Transport - Road Safety
website:https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/drivingabroad/road-rules-and-safety/index_en.htm
Date of extraction: July 2023
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European Commission – Statistical Pocketbook 2023 (b)European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport.
EU transport in figures – Statistical pocketbook 2023. Publications
Office of the European Union, 2023. Date of extraction: November 2023
https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2832/319371
Eurostat
Data were retrieved from Eurostat: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
The European average is based on the average of the 27 EU countries.
Date of extraction: July 2023
ESRA project
Information in sections 3 (drink-driving) and 5.3 is based on data fromthe ESRA 3 (E-Survey of Road Users’ Attitudes) project (2023).
https://www.esranet.eu/
The European average is the average of 17 European countries. In the
ranking of the countries in Table 21, Switzerland is also included. Dateof extraction: November 2023
ETSC
Information in section 3 is based on data from the following ETSC
report. The European average is the average of 24 European countries
for all indicators, except the alcohol related tickets (20 countries).
European Transport Safety Council. How traffic law enforcement cancontribute to safer roads. PIN Flash Report 42. ETSC, 2022.
https://etsc.eu/how-traffic-law-enforcement-can-contribute-to-saferroads-pin-flash-42/
FERSI (2020)
Kamphuis, K. & van Schagen, I. (2020) E-scooters in Europe: legal
status, usage and safety. Results of a survey in FERSI countries. FERSI
paper. https://fersi.org/. Date of extraction: July 2023
IRTAD (International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group)
Data related to the percentage of GDP spent to road infrastructure(Section
5.1)
isretrieved
from
the
OECD
database:https://stats.oecd.org/. Date of extraction: July 2023
WHO
Data were retrieved from the WHO Global Status Report on Road
Safety, published in 2018. The European average is based on the
average of the 27 EU countries.
https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/
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2018/en/. Date of extraction: July 2023

6.2 Definitions
Road Crash
Any crash involving at least one road vehicle in motion on a public roador private road to which the public has right of access, resulting in atleast one injured or killed person. Data are based on police reports andthere may be an underestimate because of underreporting (especiallyfor non-fatal crashes and crashes not involving a motorised vehicle).
Fatalities
Total number of persons fatally injured within 30 days of the roadcrash; correction factors applied when needed. Confirmed suicide andnatural death are not included.
Seriously injured (at 30 days)
Total number of persons seriously injured corrected by correction
factors when needed. Injured (although not killed) in the road crashand hospitalized at least 24 hours. The definition of “serious injury”
varies considerably among EU countries, affecting, thus, the reliabilityof cross-country comparisons.
Lorry, under 3.5tn
Goods vehicle under 3.5t maximum gross weight. Smaller motor
vehicles used only for the transport of goods.
Heavy Goods Vehicles
Goods vehicle over 3.5t maximum gross weight. Larger motor vehicles
used only for the transport of goods.
Powered two-wheelers
Driver or passenger of either a moped (two or three wheeled vehicle
equipped with engine size of maximum 50cc and maximum speed that
does not exceed 45 km/h. A moped can also have an electric motor.
Speed pedelecs and electric powered bicycles that offer pedal
assistance up to 45 km/h, also belong to this category of vehicles.) ora motorcycle (motor vehicle with two or three wheels, with an engine
size of more than 50 cc. A motorcycle can also have an electric motor.).
Working week – Daytime
Monday to Friday 6.00 a.m. to 9.59 p.m.
Working week – Night-time
Monday 10 p.m. to Tuesday 5.59 a.m.
Tuesday 10 p.m. to Wednesday 5.59 a.m.
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Wednesday 10 p.m. to Thursday 5.59 a.m.
Thursday 10 p.m. to Friday 5.59 a.m.
Weekend – Daytime
Saturday to Sunday 6.00 a.m. to 9.59 p.m.
Weekend – Night-time
Friday 10 p.m. to Saturday 5.59 a.m.
Saturday 10 p.m. to Sunday 5.59 a.m.
Sunday 10 p.m. to Monday 5.59 a.m.
Speeding
The percentage of passenger cars travelling within legal maximum
speed limits based on roadside measurements during daytime.
Seat belt & CRS use rates
The percentage of passenger car occupants using seat belts and child
restraint systems (CRS) based on roadside observations during
daytime.
Helmet use rates
The percentage of powered two-wheeler riders and cyclists using
helmets based on roadside observations during daytime. Helmet use
rates for cyclists in some countries concern only urban roads. Please
note that in some countries the use of helmets is not obligatory for
cyclists (see Table 16).
DUI of Alcohol
The percentage of car drivers who have driven at least once in the last
30 days over the legal alcohol limit based on a self-reported survey.
Driver Distraction
The percentage of drivers not using a hand-held mobile device/phone
while driving based on roadside surveys during daytime on working
days. The vehicle types included are passenger cars, light goods
vehicles and buses/coaches.
Explanations of symbols in tables:/ : not available- : not applicable (e.g. calculation cannot be performed)

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