*Country Profile

Italy

ROAD SAFETY

This document is part of a series of 30 country profiles: one for each Member Stateof the EU 27 and three EFTA countries (Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland). The
purpose of this series is to provide an overview of the road safety situation in a specificcountry.
Contract:

This document has been prepared in the framework of the EC
Service Contract MOVE/C2/SER/2022-55/SI2.888215 with
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), SWOV Institutefor Road Safety Research and Kuratorium für Verkehrssicherheit(KFV).

Version:February 8, 2024

Authors:

Katerina Folla, Konstantinos Kaselouris (NTUA)Internal Reviewers: Govert Schermers, Ingrid van Schagen (SWOV)
Referencing:

Reproduction of this document is allowed with due
acknowledgement. Please refer to the document as follows:
European Commission (2023), Country Profile Italy. Road
SafetyObservatory.
Brussels,
EuropeanCommission,
Directorate General for Transport.

Disclaimer
Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the matter presented in thisdocument is relevant, accurate and up to date, the (sub)contractors cannot accept
any liability for any error or omission, or reliance on part or all of the content inanother context.
Any information and views set out in this document are those of the author(s) and do
not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Commission. The
Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study.
Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may beheld responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained therein.
© European Commission, 2023.The EU does not own the copyright in relation to thefollowing elements:- Cover page photos, © www.shutterstock.com

C ount ry Profi leItaly

Contents
1.

Highlights ........................................................................... 4

2.

Road Safety Outcomes ......................................................... 5

3.

4.

5.

6.

2.1

Road Safety Trends ......................................................... 5

2.2

Risk Figures .................................................................... 6

2.3

Transport Mode ............................................................... 7

2.4

Age and Gender .............................................................. 8

2.5

Area and Road Type ....................................................... 10

2.6Time Period ................................................................... 11

2.7

Lighting and Weather Conditions ...................................... 11

Safety Performance Indicators .............................................. 13
3.1Road User Behaviour ...................................................... 13

3.2

Vehicle Safety ................................................................ 14

3.3

Enforcement .................................................................. 14Road Safety Policy and Measures .......................................... 15
4.1

National Road Safety Strategy.......................................... 15

4.2

Traffic Laws and Regulations ............................................ 15

4.3

Driving Licences ............................................................. 16

4.4Road Infrastructure ........................................................ 17

Structure and Culture .......................................................... 18
5.1Country Characteristics ................................................... 18

5.2

Structure of Road Safety Management .............................. 19

5.3

Self-declared behaviour & Attitudes .................................. 20

Notes ................................................................................ 21
6.1

Data Sources ................................................................. 21

6.2

Definitions ..................................................................... 233

C ount ry Profi le

Italy

1. Highlights
Road Safety Outcomes• In 2021, 2,875 people were killed in road crashes in Italy.
• The mortality rate in Italy is fractionally higher than the EUaverage and the country ranks 13th out of the 27 member statesin terms of the lowest numbers of fatalities per million
inhabitants.
• Italy has a higher proportion of fatalities involving powered twowheelers than the EU as a whole, particularly in urban areas. The
share of urban road crashes is also higher than that of the EU.
• Over the period 2012-2021, the percentage decrease in thenumber of traffic fatalities in Italy was similar to the EU as awhole.
Road Safety Performance Indicators• The use rates of seat-belts and CRS among passenger car
occupants are lower in Italy compared to the EU average.
• Helmet use rates among powered two wheelers are similar withthose of the EU on average, while for cyclists they are lower.
• Self-reported drink-driving is slightly higher than the EU average.
• The average age of the passenger car fleet in Italy is similar tothat of the EU average.
Road Safety Policy Measures & Country Characteristics• In Italy, there is a zero alcohol limit for novice and professional
drivers.
• The vehicle fleet is larger than the EU average.
• The percentage of motorways in Italy is much higher than the EU
average.

4

C ount ry Profi le

Italy

2. Road Safety Outcomes
2.1 Road Safety Trends
In Italy, a total of 2,875 people were killed in road crashes in 2021 a.
Over the period between 2012-2021, the number of fatalities in Italy
decreased by 23%, which is similar to decrease across the European
Union (EU) (25%).
In terms of mortality rates, 49 road fatalities per million inhabitants
were recorded in Italy, which is slightly higher than the EU average(45).
Data for serious injuries in Italy are not available in the CARE database.
Table 1. Number of fatalities and serious injuries, 2012 and 2021
Fatalities
Serious Injuries

2012
3,753
-

2021
2,875
-

Trend
-23%
-

EU trend-25%-

Figure 1. Mortality rate development, 2012 – 2021

Fatalities per million
inhabitants

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Italy

European Uniona

It is noted that the global COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the CARE data for2020 and 2021 for many European countries. Traffic volumes dropped sharply during
the pandemic due to traffic restrictions, which was associated with a significant drop
in road traffic crashes and fatalities.

5C ount ry Profi le

Italy

2.2 Risk Figures
Figure 3. Mortality rates by country, 2021

Fatalities per million
inhabitants

100
90
80
70
60
50

49

EU = 45

40
30
20
10
0

Taking into account the number of vehicles, Italy performed slightly
better compared to the EU average. The rate of 0.56 fatalities per
10,000 registered vehicles in Italy is below the EU average (0.63).

Fatalities per 10000 registeredvehiclesFigure 4. Fatalities per thousand registered vehicles, 2021
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00

EU = 0.63

0.56

0.50
0.00

6

C ount ry Profi le

Italy

2.3 Transport Mode
In 2021 b, crashes involving powered two-wheelers accounted for morethan 25% of road traffic fatalities in Italy. This percentage is muchhigher than that observed in the EU as a whole (19%).
Over the period 2012-2021, road fatalities in Italy have decreased for
all transport modes except for HGVs. The highest decrease wasrecorded for car occupants (30%).
Of those vulnerable road users (VRUs: pedestrians, cyclists andpowered two-wheelers) that were fatally injured in crashes involving
either passenger cars or buses/coaches or lorries and heavy goods
vehicles in Italy, 80% were involved in a crash with a passenger car,and 18% were involved in a crash with a lorry or heavy goods vehicle.
Over 2012-2021, fatalities resulting from crashes involving buses andpassenger cars showed less of a decrease in Italy, when compared to
the European Union.
Also, the number of fatalities in single vehicle crashes had a similar
decrease to that of the European Union.
Table 2: Number of fatalities by transport mode, 2012 and 2021
Bus/coach occupants
Car occupants
Cyclists
Heavy goods vehicles
Lorries, under 3.5t
Other/unknown
Pedestrians
Powered two-wheelers
Total

2012
7
1,695
292
46
118
45
576
974
3,753

2021
2
1,192
220
75
94
59
471
762
2,875

Trend
-30%
-25%
63%
-20%
31%
-18%
-22%
-23%

EU trend
+26%
-28%
-12%
-11%
-14%
-13%
-34%
-18%
-25%

Different shares of transport modes in the casualty numbers, as shown in thissection, may also reflect differences in the size of the vehicle fleet and the usage ofdifferent modes rather than a difference in safety level.
b

7

C ount ry Profi leItaly

Figure 5. Distribution of road fatalities by transport mode, 2021

European
Union

45%

Italy

41%
0%

6%

19%

6%

20%

27%

40%

60%

9%

3%

18%

8%

16% 2%

80%

100%

Car occupants

HGVs, Lorries and buses

Powered two-wheelers

Cyclists

Pedestrians

Other/unknown

Table 3: Number of VRU fatalities in crashes involving passenger cars,
buses or coaches and lorries or heavy goods vehicles, 2012 and 2021
Crashes involving busesor coaches
Crashes involving cars
Crashes involving lorries
or heavy goods vehicles

2012

2021

Trend

EU trend

29

20

-31%

-47%

1,125

884

-21%

-29%

252

200

-21%

-15%

Table 4: Number of fatalities in single vehicle crashes by transportmode, 2012 and 2021
Bus/coach occupants
Car occupants
Cyclists
Heavy goods vehicles
Lorries, under 3.5t
Other/unknown
Powered two-wheelers
Total

2012

2021
2
559
40
18
21
20
230
890

6
749
35
28
37
16
274
1,145

Trend
-25%
14%
-36%
-43%
25%
-16%
-22%

EU trend
+47%
-28%
+37%
-44%
-12%
-20%
-16%
-23%

2.4 Age and Gender
The distribution of road fatalities across age groups in Italy is similar tothat of the EU, with a slightly higher share of fatalities aged 65 years
old or older. Over 2012-2021 period, the number of fatalities dropped
across all age groups (Table 5).

8C ount ry Profi leItaly

Figure 6. Distribution of road fatalities by age and gender, 2021

FemaleEuropean Union

6% 10%

23%

Italy

4% 11%

24%

0%
<18

20%
17%

20%
18-24

40%

60%

40%
25-49

41%

50-64

65+

3%

80%

100%

Unknown

Male
European Union 4% 13%
Italy

36%

3%10%
0%
<18

23%
22%

35%
20%

18-24

24%

60%

40%
25-49

28%

50-64

65+

80%

1%
2%
100%

Unknown

Table 5: Number of fatalities by age and gender, 2012 and 2021
Female
<18
18-24
25-49
50-64
65+
Unknown
Total
Male
<18
18-24
25-49
50-64
65+
Unknown
Total

2012

2021

Trend

EU trend

43
83
196
114
283
19
738

18
55
116
81
197
12
479

-58%
-34%
-41%
-29%
-30%
-37%
-35%

-44%
-40%
-37%
-23%
-25%
-22%
-31%

94
340
1,204
542
785
50
3,015

73
247
828
534
673
41
2,396

-22%
-27%
-31%
-1%
-14%
-18%
-21%

-27%
-37%
-30%
-13%
-8%
-9%
-23%

9

C ount ry Profi le

Italy

2.5 Area and Road TypeThe majority of road fatalities in Italy occurred on rural roads (47%).
The percentage of fatalities that occurred on urban roads in Italy (44%)
is higher than the EU average (39%). Over the period 2012-2021, thenumber of fatalities decreased on all road types in Italy. The share of
powered two-wheeler fatalities inside urban areas was much higher
than the EU average and this may be due to the high proportion of
power two-wheelers in Italy.
Table 6: Number of fatalities by road type, 2012 and 2021
2012
330
1,821
1,602
0
3,753

Motorway
Rural
Urban
Unknown
Total

2021
246
1,365
1,264
0
2,875

Trend
-25%
-25%
-21%
-23%

EU trend
-6%
-28%
-24%
-48%
-25%

Figure 7. Distribution of road fatalities by road type, 2021

European
Union

9%

Italy

9%
0%

53%

39%

47%
10%

20%

30%

44%
40%

50%

60%

Motorway

Rural

Urban

70%

80%

90%

100%

Figure 8. Distribution of road fatalities inside urban areas by type oftransport mode, 2021

European
Union

28%

3%

Italy

28%

2%

0%

20%

20%

13%

30%

40%

33%

11%

60%

28%

80%

3%

2%

100%

Car occupants

HGVs, Lorries and BusesPowered two-wheelers

Cyclists

Pedestrians

Other/unknown10

C ount ry Profi le

Italy

2.6 Time Period
The distribution of fatalities by day of the week and time of the day in
Italy is very similar to that of the EU. Most fatalities occurred during
working weekdays. Over 2012-2021 period, Italy showed a favourable
downward trend regarding night-time fatalities (especially on workingdays), which is in line with the EU average.
Table 7: Number of fatalities by time period, 2012 and 2021
2012
2,013
366

2021
1,653
242

Trend
-18%
-34%

EU trend-21%-30%

Weekend - Daytime

922

667

-28%

-25%

Weekend - Night-time

443

310

-30%

-39%

9
3,753

3
2,875

-23%

-75%
-25%

Working week - Daytime
Working week- Night-time

Unknown
Total

Figure 9. Distribution of road fatalities by time period, 2021

European
Union

59%

8%

23%

10%

Italy

58%

8%

23%

11%

0%

20%
40%
Working week - Daytime
Weekend - Daytime

60%
80%
Working week- Night-time
Weekend - Night-time100%

2.7 Lighting and Weather Conditions
According to the distribution of fatalities by weather conditions, themajority of fatalities both in Italy and in the EU occur under dry weather
conditions. Under rainy conditions, road crash fatalities decreased morethan in the EU on average.

11

C ount ry Profi le

Italy

Table 8: Number of fatalities by lighting and weather conditions, 2012
and 2021
Lighting Conditions
Daylight
Twilight
Darkness
Weather Conditions
Dry
Rain
Other/Unknown

2012

2021

Trend

EU trend

-

-

-

-17%
-25%
-33%

3,107
290
356

2,461
173
241

-21%
-40%
-32%

-24%
-28%
-25%

12

C ount ry Profi le

Italy

3. Safety Performance Indicators
3.1 Road User Behaviour
Table 9: Road Safety Performance Indicators, 2022 or latest available
year
Italy
Speeding% of passenger cars travelling within speed limits1
Motorways

EU

c

/

-

Rural Roads/-

Urban Roads

/

-

Front

87.0

93.3

Rear

32.0

75.5

50.6

67.0

PTW driver

96.2

97.0

PTW passenger

96.5

94.4

30.7

37.8

12.9

11.8

Seat belt & CRS use rates (%)1,2

Child restraint systems
Helmet use rates (%)

1

CyclistDUI of Alcohol3(self-reported)% car drivers have driven at least once inthe last 30 days over the legal limit
Driver Distraction1% of drivers not using hand-heldmobile device/phone while driving

/

94.8

Sources: Baseline project, ETSC (2022), ESRA3 project (2024), national sources
1

2

3

4

An EU average is not available for speeding, due to different legal speed limits among
countries, which does not allow for a straightforward comparison. Please also notethat for some Safety Performance Indicators of Section 3, the EU average is based ona small number of EU Member States with available data (see Section 6.1).
c

13C ount ry Profi le

Italy

3.2 Vehicle Safety
Table 10: Vehicle Safety Performance Indicators, 2019
% of new passenger cars rated
with 4 EuroNCAP stars and above1
Average age of passenger car fleet(years)2

Italy

EU
/

83.6

11.8

11.8

Sources: 1Baseline project, 2ACEA (2022)

3.3 Enforcement
Table 11: Number of traffic police tickets issued per thousand
population, 2020
Tickets per 1,000 population
Speeding
Non-use of seat-belt
Illegal use of mobile phone
Driving above legal alcohol limits

Italy
36.9
3.5
1.9
0.2

Source: ETSC (2022)

14

EU
139.7
5.7
4.4
1.9

C ount ry Profi le

Italy

4. Road Safety Policy and Measures
4.1 National Road Safety Strategy
Table 12: National road safety strategy and targets
Timeframe

Lead Authority

Targets
Fatalities
Serious injuries
Baseline Year
SPIs

Italy
2030
The General Directorate for Road Safety at the Ministry of
Infrastructure and Sustainable Mobility – particularly the
Directorate “Intervention plans and programs for the
improvement of road safety” in cooperation with the Universityof Rome La Sapienza and Roma Tre, University of Brescia,
University of Cagliari, University of Florence.

-50%
-50%
2020
SPIs will be regularly monitored, but there are no targets
https://www.mit.gov.it/sites/default/files/media/progetti/2021Link
05/PNSS%25202030%2520Linee%2520Guida%2520%2520v8.2%2520MIMS%2520-%2520Consultazione.pdf
Source: national sources

4.2 Traffic Laws and Regulations
National road safety legislation in Italy reflects the situation in the
majority of EU countries. A zero BAC limit exists for novice andprofessional drivers which is a stricter requirement than the EUaverage.
Table 13: National road safety legislation
Speed limits forpassenger cars (km/h)
Urban roads
Rural roads
Motorways
Allowed BAC levels (g/l)
General population
Novice drivers

Italy

Most common in EU

50
90
130

50: 26/27
90: 17/27
130: 14/27

0.5
0.0

0.5: 19/27
0.2: 12/27, 0.0: 9/27
0.2: 10/27, 0.0: 9/27,
0.5: 6/27

Professional drivers

0.0

Seatbelt requirement
Drivers
Front Passenger
Rear Passenger

Yes
Yes
Yes

15

Yes: 27/27
Yes: 27/27
Yes: 27/27

C ount ry Profi le

Italy

Italy

Most common in EU

Child restraint systems
CRS required

Allowed in CRS
Prohibited under 5
years oldup to 135 cm: 11/27,
up to 150 cm: 11/27
Allowed in CRS: 22/27
Prohibited under certain
age/height: 18/27

Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No

Yes: 27/27
Yes: 27/27
Yes: 25/27
Not mandatory: 19/27
Not restricted: 16/27

No
Yes

No: 26/27
Yes: 27/27

Up to 150cm

Children in front seats
Children on motorcycles
Helmet requirement
Powered Two Wheelers
All roads
All engines
Cyclists
Age restriction
Mobile phone use
Hand-held phone use allowed
Hands-free phone use allowed
E-scooters

Allowed from 14 years
Not restricted: 9/27,
oldAllowed from 14 years: 6/27
Max. speed limit (km/h)
25
25: 18/27
Helmet required
Up to 18 years old
Not required: 12/27
Allowed on road lanesNo
Yes: 18/27
Allowed on pavements
Yes
No: 13/27, Yes: 9/27
Allowed on bicycle paths
Yes
Yes: 21/27
Sources: EC (2023), WHO (2018), FERSI (2020), National sources
Age restriction

4.3 Driving Licences
Table 14: Policies and regulations related to driving licences
Italy

Most common in EU

Novice Drivers
Accompanied driving
Probation period for novice
drivers
Renewal procedure
Renewal procedure(compulsory)
Renewal interval
Medical requirements
Source: National sources

17 years old
3 years

17 years: 13/27,
No: 7/27
2 years: 7/27,
3 years: 5/27

Yes

Yes: 26/27

Every 10 years until 50 years
oldYesΕvery 10years: 13/27,
Εvery 15years: 9/27
Yes: 22/27

16

C ount ry Profi le

Italy

4.4 Road Infrastructure
Table 15: Policies and regulations related to road infrastructure
Italy

Audits or star rating required for
new road infrastructure
Inspections / star rating of existingroads
Design standards for the safety ofpedestrians / cyclists
Investments to upgrade high risk
locations
Policies & investment in urban
public transport
Policies promoting walking andcycling
Source: WHO (2018)

Yes

17

Most common in EU
Yes: 10/27,
Partial:17/27

Yes

Yes:26/27

Yes

Yes:25/27

No

Yes:20/27

Yes

Yes:23/27

Yes

Yes: 21/27

C ount ry Profi le

Italy

5. Structure and Culture
5.1 Country Characteristics
Population density in Italy is higher than the EU average and its GDP
per capita is similar to that of the EU.
Table 16: Country Characteristics, 2021
Italy
Demographics
Population (inhabitants)
59,236,213
2
Population density (inh./km )199.6% children (0-17)
15.8% adults (18-64)
60.7% elderly (65+)
23.5% of urban population
71.2
2
Economic Data
GDP per capita (euro)
30,230Infrastructure1
Country Area (km2)
302,079
Road network length (km)235,443
Road density (km/km2)
0.8% of motorways
2.96% GDP spent to road infrastructure3
0.3
1Vehicle Fleet
Vehicles per population
0.92% of passenger cars
73.0
% of motorcycles
18.6% of HGVs
8.2% of buses
0.2
1
Exposure
Modal split of passenger transport onland (passenger-km in %):- Passenger cars
82.0
- Bus/coach/Metro/Tram
13.6
Modal split of freight transport on land
(tonne-km in %):- Road83.3- Rail12.0
Environment1
CO2 emissions from road transport
95.0(million tonnes)
Share of road transport emissions in
84.2
total transport emissions (%)
Sources: 1EC (2023b), 2Eurostat, 3OECD (2023)

EU

2

18

447,000,548
109.0
18.2
61.6
20.3
75.2
32,5604,225,134
4,473,380
1.1
1.67
0.4
0.73
77.3
11.4
11.1
0.2

85.2
8.7

74.6
16.4
739.8
76.3

C ount ry Profi le

Italy

5.2 Structure of Road Safety Management
Table 17: Road Safety Management Structure
Key Functions
Formulation of nationalroad safety strategy

Key Actors-

Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (MIT)(Directorate for Road Safety)

Monitoring of the roadsafety development-

Directorate for Road Safety

Improvements in roadinfrastructure-

MIT for State roads
Regional authorities for local roads

Improvement invehicles-Directorate for vehicle registration (la Motorizzazione)

Improvement in roaduser education-

Directorate for Road Safety

Publicity campaigns-

Directorate for Road Safety
Ministry of Interior

Enforcement of traffic
laws-

PoliceCarabinieri
Local Police-

ACI (Automobile Club Italia)
ISTAT, the national statistics Institute responsible forcollecting road safety data
Research centres and Universities

Other relevant actors

Source: National sources

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Italy

5.3 Self-declared behaviour & Attitudes
Table 18: Self-declared behaviour and attitudes
Ranking among
EU countries

Italy

EU Average

16.2

17.0

7/18

36.7

55.7

1/18

22.8

17.2

17/18

21.3
44.8

16.8
34.4

5/18
2/18

23.1

15.0

2/18

77.4

76.6

7/18

39.4

38.3

7/18

68.7

60.1

7/18

Risk Taking% at least once in the past 30 days
- drive after drinking alcohol- drive faster than the speed limit
inside urban areas- transport children under 150cm
without using CRS
Enforcement Perception% of likely of being checked for- drink-driving- respecting speed limits- using of hand-held mobile phone
while driving
Support for policy measures% of support to a legal obligation to- zero tolerance for all novice
drivers- limiting the speed limit to
30km/h in all built-up areas(except on main thoroughfares)- requiring all cyclists to wear ahelmetSource: ESRA3 project (2024)

20

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6. Notes
6.1 Data Sources
CARE (Community database on road accidents in Europe)
All information in section 1 of the Country Profile is based on the CARE
database. The full glossary of definitions of variables used in this Reportis available at EC Mobility & Transport - Road Safety webpage.
The European average is based on the average of the 27 EU countries.
EU trends and aggregated figures are based on the most recent figuresavailable (2021). In case of missing values, the EU averages andaggregated data were produced by imputing figures based on data fromprevious years. For values less than 10, the trend is not shown since it
may be due to randomness. Also, due to missing data on serious
injuries for some EU countries, EU total/average is not calculated. Dateof extraction: July 2023
ACEA (2022)
European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association. The automobile
industry - Pocket guide 2022/2023. ACEA, 2022.
https://www.acea.auto/files/ACEA_Pocket_Guide_2022-2023.pdf
Data on the average age of the passenger car fleet come from the
ACEA. The European average is based on the average of 24 EU
countries. Date of extraction: July 2023
Baseline project
Information in section 3 is based on Key Performance Indicators
collected within the Baseline project.
https://road-safety.transport.ec.europa.eu/statistics-andanalysis/data-and-analysis/key-performance-indicators-kpis_en
Alternative sources were used for countries with no available data in
the Baseline project (e.g., ETSC, national sources). The European
average is based on the average of 17 EU countries for speeding, 23
EU countries for seat-belt use, 13 EU countries for CRS use, 14 EU
countries for helmet use, 14 EU countries for driver distraction and 13
EU countries for vehicle safety. Date of extraction: July 2023
European Commission 2023
Data were retrieved from EC Mobility & Transport - Road Safety
website:https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/drivingabroad/road-rules-and-safety/index_en.htm
Date of extraction: July 2023
21

C ount ry Profi leItalyEuropean Commission – Statistical Pocketbook 2023 (b)European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport.
EU transport in figures – Statistical pocketbook 2023. Publications
Office of the European Union, 2023. Date of extraction: November 2023
https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2832/319371
Eurostat
Data were retrieved from Eurostat: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
The European average is based on the average of the 27 EU countries.
Date of extraction: July 2023
ESRA project
Information in sections 3 (drink-driving) and 5.3 is based on data fromthe ESRA 3 (E-Survey of Road Users’ Attitudes) project (2023).
https://www.esranet.eu/
The European average is the average of 17 European countries. In the
ranking of the countries in Table 18, Switzerland is also included. Dateof extraction: November 2023
ETSC
Information in section 3 is based on data from the following ETSC
report. The European average is the average of 24 European countries
for all indicators, except the alcohol related tickets (20 countries).
European Transport Safety Council. How traffic law enforcement cancontribute to safer roads. PIN Flash Report 42. ETSC, 2022.
https://etsc.eu/how-traffic-law-enforcement-can-contribute-to-saferroads-pin-flash-42/
FERSI (2020)
Kamphuis, K. & van Schagen, I. (2020) E-scooters in Europe: legal
status, usage and safety. Results of a survey in FERSI countries. FERSI
paper. https://fersi.org/. Date of extraction: July 2023
IRTAD (International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group)
Data related to the percentage of GDP spent to road infrastructure(Section
5.1)
isretrieved
from
the
OECD
database:https://stats.oecd.org/. Date of extraction: July 2023
WHO
Data were retrieved from the WHO Global Status Report on Road
Safety, published in 2018. The European average is based on the
average of the 27 EU countries.
https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/
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2018/en/. Date of extraction: July 2023

6.2 Definitions
Road Crash
Any crash involving at least one road vehicle in motion on a public roador private road to which the public has right of access, resulting in atleast one injured or killed person. Data are based on police reports andthere may be an underestimate because of underreporting (especiallyfor non-fatal crashes and crashes not involving a motorised vehicle).
Fatalities
Total number of persons fatally injured within 30 days of the roadcrash; correction factors applied when needed. Confirmed suicide andnatural death are not included.
Seriously injured (at 30 days)
Total number of persons seriously injured corrected by correction
factors when needed. Injured (although not killed) in the road crashand hospitalized at least 24 hours. The definition of “serious injury”
varies considerably among EU countries, affecting, thus, the reliabilityof cross-country comparisons.
Lorry, under 3.5tn
Goods vehicle under 3.5t maximum gross weight. Smaller motor
vehicles used only for the transport of goods.
Heavy Goods Vehicles
Goods vehicle over 3.5t maximum gross weight. Larger motor vehicles
used only for the transport of goods.
Powered two-wheelers
Driver or passenger of either a moped (two or three wheeled vehicle
equipped with engine size of maximum 50cc and maximum speed that
does not exceed 45 km/h. A moped can also have an electric motor.
Speed pedelecs and electric powered bicycles that offer pedal
assistance up to 45 km/h, also belong to this category of vehicles.) ora motorcycle (motor vehicle with two or three wheels, with an engine
size of more than 50 cc. A motorcycle can also have an electric motor.).
Working week – Daytime
Monday to Friday 6.00 a.m. to 9.59 p.m.
Working week – Night-time
Monday 10 p.m. to Tuesday 5.59 a.m.
Tuesday 10 p.m. to Wednesday 5.59 a.m.
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Wednesday 10 p.m. to Thursday 5.59 a.m.
Thursday 10 p.m. to Friday 5.59 a.m.
Weekend – Daytime
Saturday to Sunday 6.00 a.m. to 9.59 p.m.
Weekend – Night-time
Friday 10 p.m. to Saturday 5.59 a.m.
Saturday 10 p.m. to Sunday 5.59 a.m.
Sunday 10 p.m. to Monday 5.59 a.m.
Speeding
The percentage of passenger cars travelling within legal maximum
speed limits based on roadside measurements during daytime.
Seat belt & CRS use rates
The percentage of passenger car occupants using seat belts and child
restraint systems (CRS) based on roadside observations during
daytime.
Helmet use rates
The percentage of powered two-wheeler riders and cyclists using
helmets based on roadside observations during daytime. Helmet use
rates for cyclists in some countries concern only urban roads. Please
note that in some countries the use of helmets is not obligatory for
cyclists (see Table 13).
DUI of Alcohol
The percentage of car drivers who have driven at least once in the last
30 days over the legal alcohol limit based on a self-reported survey.
Driver Distraction
The percentage of drivers not using a hand-held mobile device/phone
while driving based on roadside surveys during daytime on working
days. The vehicle types included are passenger cars, light goods
vehicles and buses/coaches.
Explanations of symbols in tables:/ : not available- : not applicable (e.g. calculation cannot be performed)

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