  

■総合科学研究所

所長挨拶

・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・■2019 年度総合科学技術研究所 活動記録

・・・・・・・・・・・・

1
2■総合科学技術研究所協賛シンポジウム「東海大学 - チェコ

水素エネルギー国際交流シンポジウム- 水素エネルギー技術の将来性と社会との調和 -」 ・・・・・・・・

3■総合科学技術研究所協賛シンポジウム「デンマーク工科大学・東海大学共同シンポジウム〜エネルギーと環境〜持続可能な社会の実現に向けて〜」 ・・・・
■総合科学技術研究所

72019 年度第 1 回シンポジウム「流体工学に関するトピックス」

・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 13■2018 年度プロジェクト研究（総合研究機構プロジェクト研究分）研究紹介

・・・・・・・・・ 56

東海大学総合科学技術研究所は 1948 年に設立された産業科学技術研究所を前身とする研究所であり、とくに環境・エネルギーの理工学系分野を中心に据えて、医・農・工・海の特色ある分野の研究で主に以下のような研究プロジェクトを遂行しています。
・『研究の峰』から発生した研究グループを再編した特徴的な研究課題：「『人と街と太陽が調和する』創・送エネルギーシステムの開発」
・国際連携の強化を目指した研究課題：「プラズマの基礎と応用に関する研究」
・民間企業との連携強化による技術の社会実装を目指した研究課題：「熱音響現象に関する研究」
・「組織」対「組織」の産学共同研究：「メソ領域の流れ見える化共創コンソーシアム」
・本学の特徴を生かした地域連携研究の推進

今年は 2019 年 1 月から 2019 年 12 月までの研究所の活動概要を紀要としてまとめました。とくに 2019 年に当研究所が主催・共催しているシンポジウムにおいて、
上記プロジェクトに関係する報告の概要をまとめた資料を中心に掲載いたしました。
引き続き皆様のご支援をよろしくお願い致します。

総合科学技術研究所
所長

1

岩森

暁

2019೧ౕ
૱߻Ռָٗढ़‫ॶڂݜ‬‫׈‬ಊ‫ى‬࿧

2

水素エネルギー国際交流シンポジウム- 水素エネルギー技術の将来性と社会との調和 【Program】
14：45−15：00

Opening remarks

山田

清志 東海大学学長

Special Honor Lecture
15：00−15：30

内田裕久東海大学特別栄誉教授

Key-Note Lecture
15：30−15：55

カリン・ステフリーク ジェシュ原子力研究センター研究プロジェクトマネージャー

15：55−16：20

マルティン・バイダル プラハ化学技術大学助教授

Spare Time（10min）
16：30−16：50

モハメッド

シュルズ

ミヤ 東海大学工学部動力機械工学科特定研究員

16：50−17：10

ユリイ・ヤコヴレヴ カレル大学 表面物理研究所

17：15−17：35

源馬

17：35−17：55

アレシュ・ドウツェク ジェシュ原子力研究所

17：55−18：00

Closing

龍太 東海大学工学部材料科学科講師
内田晴久 東海大学大学運営本部長【講演者紹介】【Introduction】

内田

Hirohisa Uchida, Ph.D.

裕久

東海大学特別栄誉教授

Tokai University, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR President and株式会社ケイエスピー（KSP）代表取締役社長

CEO,KSP Inc.

国際水素エネルギー協会（IAHE）フェロー・副会長

International Association for Hydrogen Energy(IAHE)Fellow, Deputy Chairman

カリン・ステフリーク

Karin Stehlík

チェコ水素技術プラットフォーム (HYTEP) 理事長ジェCzech Hydrogen Tecnology Platform, Director

シュ原子力研究センター

UJV Rez, Research Project Manager, Ph.D.

プロジェクトマネージャー
マルティン・バイダル

Martin Paidar

プラハ化学技術大学助教授

Associate Professor at UCTP, Ph.D.

チェコ水素技術プラットフォーム理事

Czech Hydrogen Tecnology Platform, Board member

ユリイ・ヤコヴレヴ

Yurii Yakovlev

カレル大学

Charles University, Dept. of Surface and Plasma Science

表面物理研究所

博士研究員

Postdoctral Researcher, Ph.D.

アレシュ・ドウツェク

Aleš Doucek

ジェシュ原子力研究所
源馬

研究員

UJV Rez, Researcher

龍太

東海大学

Ryota Genma
工学部

材料科学科

Tokai University
School of Engineering, Dept. of Materials Science Junior

講師

Associate Professor
モハメッド
工学部

シュルズ

動力機械工学科

ミヤ
PD

東海大学

Mohamed Suruz Mian Ph.D.
Post Doctoral Fellow

3Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan 6 July 2019
International Symposium of Hydrogen Technologies

Japan’s Energy Policy and Current State of Hydrogen Energy
Prof. Dr. Hirohisa Uchida
Tokai University Distinguished Professor / President & CEO, KSP Inc.
Fellow & Vice President, International Association for Hydrogen Energy (IAHE)

Abstract
In this talk, the background of Japan’ energy policy and then current state of hydrogen energy inJapan will be explained.
 For Japan, which has neither natural resources nor energy sources, it is essential to secure theeffective use of resource and diversity of energy. Considering global environment, the challenge of
decarbonizing, the realization of SDGs must be incorporated into energy policy. In that case, cost
reduction and strengthening of industrial competitiveness are the core of energy policy.
Japan experienced two serious environmental impacts. In the 60s to 70s, Japan’s economic
growth was rapid, however, Japan was suffered from the air and water pollutions by hugeutilization of fossil fuel and by contaminated waste water from industries. On 11 th March 2011, ahuge earthquake and according tsunami attacked the eastern side of Japan. The tsunami
destroyed the emergency cooling system of the Fukushima nuclear power stations of Tokyo
Electric Power Company. This caused radioactive contaminations over a wide area in easternJapan. Japan’s energy policy was strongly affected by these two events. These events threatening
our life accelerated the R&D of clean energy technologies in Japan.
The R&D of hydrogen energy and relevant technologies has been shifted from academic
institutions to industrial sectors. As well known, fuel cell technology is applied to mobile andstationary use. NEDO is placing its effort to hydrogen power generation for which large amountsof hydrogen is needed. Ministry of the Environment (MOE) is active with the R&D of energy
saving technologies, minimizing CO2 emission and storage and control of renewable energy usinghydrogen technology.
Our research group has been active in the storage and control of renewable energy using ahydrogen storage alloy as a MOE project. This new approach is growing to a commercial level.

4Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan 6 July 2019
International Symposium of Hydrogen Technologies

Recent Research Interest: Thermoacoustics Device
1*Md. Suruz Mian, 1Kazuto Kuzuu, and 1Shinya Hasegawa

1 Tokai University, Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Prime Mover Engineering

Kanagawa, Hiratsuka, Kitakaname 4-1-1, 259-1292, Japan* E-mail:suruz@tsc.u-tokai.ac.jp

Keywords: Thermoacoustics device, Waste Heat, Renewable Energy

Abstract
Nowadays, waste heat from automobiles and industries is one of the biggest problems in the world. Recent
years, a thermoacoutics device has been gaining a huge attention from all over the world due to the potentialof waste heat recovery. When a temperature gradient in a bundle of narrow channels (hereafter, regenerator)
exceeds the threshold value, the acoustic oscillation is produced or amplified in a regenerator.This is called athermoacoustic phenomenon (Fig.1). Kamanari Shinji, the scared ceremony at Kibitsu Jinja is known as anoldest reference for thermoacoustic phenomena in the world [1] . In 1802, a successful scientific work was doneby Higgins. He successfully produced acoustic oscillations from heat energy and converted them into soundwaves by creating singing flame in a portion of hydrogen flame in a both end open tube[2]. In 1850, Sondhaussfound a monotone sound by supplying enough heat to the bulb. He found that this monotones frequency wasdependent of the length of the tube [3]. Then in 1859, Rijke replaced the flame to a hot wire mesh creating the
Rijke tube, and the sound production was obtained when the wire mesh was located at ¼ of the pipe length[4].
Then in 1877, Lord Rayleigh explained about oscillation in theoretically in his book[5]. Rott established alinear theory in 1969, which is still the base of present thermoacoustics device modeling. [6] In 1979, Ceperleyproposed a looped type travelling wave thermoacoustic device with no piston[7]. However, research for thepractical application of thermoacoustic engine, was started from 1990s. Yazaki et al. realized a traveling wave
thermoacoustic engine in a looped tube [8]. Backhaus and Swift at the Los Alamos National Laboratory
successfully build a high efficiency travelling wave thermoacoustic engine, which was constructed by a looped
tube and a long resonator tube[9]. Swift made a detailed thermodynamic explanation[10]. After that, study on
thermoacoustic device is actively studying by several research groups. We are also conducting research on theapplication of thermoacoustic engines[11], [12]. The challenge on practical applications is that the conventional
type of this device drives in more than 300Υ to achieve a high efficiency. However, most of exhaust heatsource is lower than 300Υ. We attempting to develop a thermoacoustic device which can be able to operate
under 300Υ㸬Further study on low temperature driven thermoacoustic engine will introduce in presentation.

㻾㼑㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼛㼞㻴㼛㼠㻌㻴㼑㼍㼠㻌㻱㼤㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㼞㻯㼛㼘㼐㻌㻴㼑㼍㼠㻌㻱㼤㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㼞㼀㼡㼎㼑

Fig. 1 㼀㼔㼑㼞㼙㼛㼍㼏㼛㼡㼟㼠㼕㼏 㻱㼚㼓㼕㼚㼑Acknowledgement
This study was financially supported by the Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development
Program (ALCA) (Grant no. JPMJAL1305) of the Japan Science and Technology Agency.
References[1] Tamon in Nikki (1568). [2] B. Higgins, J. Nat. Phil. Chem. Arts, Vol. 129, p. 22 (1802). [3] K. Sondhauss, Ann. Phys.,Vol. 155, pp. 1-34 (1850). [4] P. L. Rijke, Philos. Mag., Vol. 17, pp. 419-422 (1859). [5] B. Rayleigh, The Theory of Sound,
MACMILLAN AND CO, London (1877). [6] N. Rott, Z. Angew, Math. Phys. Vol. 20, pp. 230-243 (1969). [7] P. H. Ceperley,
J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 66, pp.1508 - 1513 (1979). [8] T. Yazaki et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 81, pp 3128-3131 (1998). [9] S.
Backhaus and G. W. Swift, Nature, Vol. 399, pp 335-338 (1999). [10] G. W. Swift, A unifying perspective for some engines
and refrigerators, Melville: Acoustical Society of America, (2002). [11] S. Mariko and S. Hasegawa, J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 119,
pp. 204906-1 - 204906-6 (2016). [12] E. M. Sharify and S. Hasegawa, Appl. Thermal Eng., Vol.113, pp.791-795 (2017).

5

Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan 6 July 2019
International Symposium of Hydrogen Technologies

CO2 methanation over hydrogen storage alloys via mechanical milling
Ryota Gemma1*, Kohei Yatagai1, Yuto Shishido1,
Haru-Hisa Uchida2, Torben Boll3, Kazuya Oguri2
1Department of Materials Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname 4-1-1, Hiratsuka, 259-1292, Kanagawa, Japan
2Department of Human Development, Tokai University, Kitakaname 4-1-1, Hiratsuka, 259-1292, Kanagawa, Japan
3Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany*E-mail: Ryota.Gemma@tokai.ac.jp

Keywords: CO2 methanation, Hydrogen Storage Alloys, Atom Probe Tomography
Abstract
In order to mitigate global warming, various approaches like CCS (carbon captureand sequestration) have been suggested to reduce CO2 in the atmosphere. Conversion of
CO2 and H2 into CH4 is one of such approaches to store CO2 as an environmentally friendly
fuel. H2 can be produced from water by excess electricity from renewable energy sourcesthat cannot be fed into the electric power grid of a limited capacity. The CO2 conversion
process to CH4 itself is known as the Sabatier reaction which occurs at elevatedtemperatures (300-400 oC) in the presence of a catalyst like Ni. For saving the energy toinitiate the reaction and also to avoid de-activation of the catalyst surface, it is favorable toreduce the reaction temperature. For this, various catalysts have been suggested. Still, theminimum reaction temperature on engineering scale with stable operation reported so far
lies around 200 oC with using Ni-Zr-Sm catalyst [1].
Recently, we have discovered that the CH4 production occurs at moderatetemperatures, when La-Ni based hydrogen storage alloy powders are mechanicallyball-milled in a mixture CO2 and H2 gases for several hours [2]. It has been reported that amechanical milling of La-Ni alloy in H2 atmosphere often causes a disproportionation into
nanostructured Ni and amorphous-like La-base phase [3]. Such segregated phases might
be responsible for the methanation reaction and, thus, it is of interest to identify thephases in detail. However, SEM/EDX analysis of these powders obtained in our experiment
did not show such phase segregation at Ǎm-scale, except for some Fe, Cr and Ni,
originating from the milling vial and balls, that are homogeneously distributed on the
powders. Therefore, detailed investigations at even smaller scale are necessary to elucidate
the origin of the superior catalytic effect of these samples with regard to their composition.
Atom Probe Tomography (APT) is one of the strongest elemental analysis tools to this end.
In this contribution, our very first experimental results will be presented and a short
introduction on the APT technique will be given.
[1] Hashimoto et al., Energ. Sustain. Soc. 4 (2014) 17.
[2] Yatagai et al., under review.
[3] Munehiro et al., J. Japan Inst. Metals 63 (1999) 970-976.

6

Energy Seminar“Smart Energy Systems and Technology for Sustainable Environment”
Date: 7 November 2019 (Thursday)
Preliminary Program in Japan (no video transmission)[Japan-Time] [DK-Time]
15:20

07:20

Welcome by Vice-chancellor Inazu Toshiyuki
Presentation#1 by Ms. Senga Mariko
Recent advances in Thermo-Acoustic Energy Recycling System at Tokai
Presentation#2 by Prof. Sergey Kulinich
Semiconductor Nanomaterials Prepared by Laser Processing in Liquid andTheir Photocatalytic Performance
Break (40 minutes) (DTU-Tokai WEB conference transmission test)

Joint-Program with video connection

16:20

08:20

16:30-17:00

08:30-09:00

Registration [DK-side only]

17:00-17:05

09:00-09:05

Opening remarks
Vice-chancellor Haruhisa Uchida, Tokai Univ., & Prof. Poul Erik Morthorst, DTU

17:05-17:30

09:05-09:30

Presentation #1: Prof. Poul Erik Morthorst, DTU (transmitted from DK)
Smart Energy Systems: An Introduction

17:30-17:55

09:30-09:55

Presentation #2: Assoc. Prof. Koji Tomita, Tokai Univ. (transmitted from DK)
Anatase and Brookite TiO2 Nanocrystals for Electron-Transport Layer of Perovskite
Solar Cells

17:55-18:20

09:55-10:20

Presentation #3: Prof. Azetsu Akihiko, Tokai Univ. (transmitted from Japan)
Innovative flow visualization technique utilizing photochromic reaction andthe application to engine tribology for energy saving

18:20-18:45

10:20-10:45

Presentation #4: Senior Researcher Henrik Bindner, DTU (transmitted from DK)
Demand Side Flexibility for Integration of Variable Renewable Energy at System andDistribution Level

18:45-19:10

10:45-11:10

Presentation #5: Prof. Kunio Okimura, Tokai Univ. (transmitted from DK)
Stoichiometric vanadium dioxide films with insulator-metal transition
and their applications to engineering field

19:10-19:15

11:10-11:15

Closing Remarks: Prof. Shigeru Yamaguchi, Tokai Univ. (transmitted from Japan)
End of transmission[DK-side only]
11:15-11:25 Break
11:25-11:50 Discussion & closing remarks: moderator Prof. Poul Erik Morthorst, DTU
11:50-13:00 Buffet & Networking
7

Recent advances in Thermoacoustic Energy Recycling System at Tokai University
Mariko Senga, Shinya Hasegawa*UDGXDWH6FKRRORI6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\7RNDL8QLYHUVLty
5HVHDUFK)HOORZVKLSVIRU<RXQJ6FLHQWLVWV '&
e-mail:6btad005@mail.u-tokai.ac.jp
࠙Abstractࠚ Most industrial waste heat is discarded without being used. Nowadays, there is a problem of reductionof global warming and it is one of the problems to use these waste heats. In these backgrounds,
thermoacoustic devices have attracted attention as waste heat recovery devices.
When the bundle of narrow channels (a regenerator) given a temperature gradient exceeding athreshold value and traveling wave pass through in the regenerator a positive temperature gradient, athermoacoustic device amplifies the acoustic power (Fig. 1). This device was first demonstrated in 1998
by Yazaki et al.[1], and a highly efficient thermoacoustic device was reported by the Los Alamos
Laboratory[2]. Since the thermoacoustic device is an external combustion engine, it can extract workfrom industrial waste heat. Therefore, research has been actively conducted as a waste heat recovery
device in recent years. On the other hand, because this device has a reversible cycle essentially, it canoperate as a heat pump that forms a temperature gradient from acoustic power (Fig. 2). In addition, it ispossible to generate electric power using waste heat by setting a linear motor[3].
Furthermore, since thermoacoustic phenomena are non-equilibrium systems, they are correlated with awide variety of academic fields. For example, interdisciplinary research has been conducted on
low-temperature physics [4] and nonlinear dynamics such as chaos and synchronization[5, 6].
In our laboratory, we constructed a heat-driven thermoacoustic cooler that reaches a coolingtemperature of -107 ° C by the hot temperature of 270 ° C [7]. This operating temperature is much lower
than previous studies. In addition, we investigate nonlinear phenomena in thermoacoustics by CFD
analysis [8] and laser visualization [9]. In this report, the latest research advances at Tokai University are
introduced.
Duct

Regenerator

Heat flow

Heat flow

Fig. 1 Thermoacoustic engine

Fig. 2 Thermoacoustic heat pump

REFERENCES[1] T. Yazaki et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 81, pp. 3128-3131 (1998). [2] S. Backhaus and G. W. Swift, Nature,
Vol. 399, pp. 335-338 (1999). [3] S. Backhaus et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 85, pp. 1085-1087 (2004). [4] T.
Yazaki et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 58, pp. 1108-1111 (1987). [5] R. Delage, et al., Chaos 27, 043111 (2017).
[6]G. Penelet, T. Biwa, Am. J. Phys., Vo. 81, pp. 290-297 (2012). [7]E. M. Sharify, S. Hasegawa, Appl.
Therm. Eng., Vol.113, pp.791-795 (2017). [8] K. Kuzuu, S. Hasegawa, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., Vol.108,
pp.1591-1601 (2017). [9]K. Kuzuu, S. Hasegawa, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol.138, pp.3160-3168 (2015).

8

Semiconductor Nanomaterials Prepared by Laser Processing in Liquid andTheir Photocatalytic Performance
Sergei A. Kulinich
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University
e-mail: skulinich@tokai-u.jp
Laser ablation in liquid (LAL) is a convenient technique to produce NPs on laboratory scales [1].
In this approach, laser beam is typically focused on a metal target, producing plasma, vapor or molten
metal drops which then react with the liquid and give rise to nanoparticles (NPs) [1]. The method iseasy to operate, environmentally friendly (as it uses minimum volume of solvents and produces little
waste) and permits to prepare a large number of diverse metal, oxide, sulfide and carbide NPs [1]. It isalso known for its extremely high temperature gradients and quenching rates in the reaction zone,
which often leads to the formation of metastable phases of various nanomaterials [1]. This explains
why this method can produce various metal oxide NPs with surfaces rich in defects, i.e. materials
potentially interesting as catalysts, gas sensors and photocatalysts [1].
This talk will focus on LAL-preparednanomaterials that demonstrate promise as
100 nmphotocatalysts. Materials produced andcharacterized both by the speaker and inother labs will be covered. As an example,
the incorporated figure presents electron
microscopy images of ZnO NPs prepared
100 nmvia ablation of metal zinc in water by means (a)(b)
of nanosecond (a) and millisecond pulsed(b) lasers and how such nanomaterials
decayed methylene blue (MB) in aqueous
medium under visible light (c) [2].
Photodegradation curves of MB are shown:in presence of as-prepared ZnO nanorods(1) and NPs (2), as well as in presence of
annealed ZnO nanorods (3) and annealed(c)NPs (4). Curve (5) represents a blanksample [2].

REFERENCES[1] H.B. Zeng, X.W. Du, S.C. Singh, S.A. Kulinich, et al., Nanomaterials via laser ablation/ irradiation in liquid:
A review. Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 (2012) 1333.
[2] N. Mintcheva, A.A. Aljulaih, W. Wunderlich, S.A. Kulinich, S. Iwamori, Laser-ablated ZnO nanoparticles
and their photocatalytic activity towards organic pollutants, Materials 11 (2018) 1127.

9

Anatase and Brookite TiO2 Nanocrystals
for Electron-Transport Layer of Perovskite Solar Cells
Koji Tomita
Dept. of Chemistry, Tokai University
e-mail: tomita@keyaki.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp
࠙Abstractࠚ
Perovskite solar cells have an energy conversion efficiency comparable to silicon solar cells is themost high-profile solar cells in recent years. Organic perovskite layer responsible for lightabsorption is sandwiched between the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer. The
authors are working on improving the electron transport layer of perovskite solar cells. In general,anatase type TiO2 is used for the electron transport layer. In this study the anatase type and brookite
type TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by a hydrothermal method, to build their stacked electrontransport layer, was investigated the effect on the energy conversion efficiency.
Anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal treatment of malic acid titanium
complex under neutral condition. Brookite TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal
treatment of glycolic acid titanium complex under basic condition. On the FTO glass substrate withthin compact anatase layer, four types of stacked electron transport layer electrodes of anatase only
(FTO-A), brookite only (FTO-B), brookite on anatase (FTO-AB), anatase on the brookite (FTO-BA),
were fabricated. On the four TiO2 electron transport layer, perovskite layer (MAPbI3) and holetransport layer (Spiro-OMeTAD) were formed by spin
coating. Finally, solar cells were fabricated bydepositing gold on them.
Figure 1 shows the current-voltage curves of thefour solar cells. The cell of FTO-AB built in the orderof FTO-anatase-brookite-perovskite showed the highest
energy conversion efficiency 16.82%. As shown in Fig.
2, brookite has conduction band at a slightly higher
position than anatase, brookite receives the excitedelectrons generated in the perovskite layer and passes it
to anatase to smoothly transport electron to FTO,
Fig. 1 J-V curves of the cells withresulting in improved energy conversion efficiency.1,2)
four types of TiO2 stacking structures.

Fig. 2 Schematic illustration of the energy levels of FTO-AB (a) and FTO-BA (b) cells.
REFERENCES
1) Md. Shahiduzzaman, K. Tomita, et al., ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2018, 6, 12070.
2) Md. Shahiduzzaman, K. Tomita, et al., Nano Lett. 2019, 19, 598.

10Innovative flow visualization technique utilizing photochromic reaction
and the application to engine tribology for energy saving

Akihiko Azetsu
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University,e-mail:azetsu@tsc.u-tokai.ac.jp
࠙Abstractࠚ
A new method for the visualization of oil film flow was proposed by the authors andexperimentally validated using an optical engine. A photochromic dye is dissolved in
the oil and an arbitrary spot of an oil film is illuminated with ultraviolet light, whichmakes a marker in the oil film via a photochromic reaction. The basic principle of thephotochromic reaction and its application to flow visualization are described. The color
density of the colored solution is quantified based on the absorbance calculated fromimages taken before and after coloring in two wavelengths. The results confirm that thecolor density is proportional to the oil film thickness. The color density changes
sufficiently slowly at room temperature to make it suitable as a marker for flow
visualization.
For experimental validation, the proposed method is used to visualize the movement ofan oil film between the piston land and the cylinder liner of an optical engine. The N2
laser and/or 3rd harmonic of Nd-YAG laser were used as the UV light source. The imageof colored region was captured by a high-speed camera, enabling to measure theinstantaneous movement of oil film. The proposed technique can be applied toinvestigate the dominant route of oil consumption and the physics involved.
The characteristics and the merits of this technique will be introduced in the symposium
comparing with the ordinary and popular visualization technique using Laser Induced
Fluorescence.

REFERENCES[1] Azetsu, A., Kitajima, I., & Kuratsuji, K., “Development of a new visualization
technique using photochromism for transport process of lubricating oil around theengine piston”, International Journal of Engine Research, Volume: 20 issue: 7, pp.
777-787 (2019).
[2] Kuratsuji, K., Azetsu, A., Tamaki, S., Nangou, T., “Measurement of Oil Transport
Phenomena around Piston in Optical Engine Using Photochromic Visualization
Technique”, Proceedings of JSAE/SAE 2019 Powertrains, Fuels and LubricantsInternational Meeting, JSAE 20199312, pp. 1-6 USB (2019).

11

Stoichiometric vanadium dioxide films with insulator-metal transition
and their applications to engineering field

Kunio OkimuraDept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokai University,e-mail:okimura@tokai.ac.jp
࠙Abstractࠚ
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is known as a phase transition compound which shows
insulator-metal transition (IMT) with its structural phase transition (SPT) from
low-temperature monoclinic phase (P21/c) to high-temperature tetragonal phase(P42/mnm) at 68 °C. The abrupt resistivity change over 4 orders of magnitude isrealized even in thin films with thickness of less than 50 nm. The reversible and durable
IMT has triggered a lot of studies on VO2 thin films not only for unravelling the physics
of phase transition but also for applications to engineering field.
We have been fabricating stoichiometric VO2 thin films by using reactive magnetron
sputtering method. By introducing radio-frequency substrate biasing, we succeeded
growth of stoichiometric VO2 films on metal buffers and amorphous glasses. In thisseminar, we introduce two examples of VO2 films application.
1. Coupled-oscillation phenomena of VO2 layered devices
Self-oscillation with frequency of 10 MHz was realized in layered structure in which
VO2 film was deposited on conductive TiN layer. Coupling of layered devices withparallel capacitance resulted in coupled-oscillation phenomena. [1] Coupled oscillation
will be utilized for mathematical engineering problem such as coloring problem.
2. Smart windows for energy saving using VO2 coatings
Large change of transmittance for infrared-light (IR) of VO2 concomitant with the IMT
enables VO2-coated glass as smart windows with automatic reduction of IR withtemperature change. We realized highly oriented growth of VO2 films on ZnO-buffered
glasses and demonstrated their high switching ability for IR against temperature. [2]

REFERENCES[1] Md. Suruz Mian, K. Okimura, and J. Sakai, “Self-oscillation up to 9 MHz based on
voltage triggered switching in VO2/TiN point contact junctions”, J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 117,
215305 (2015).
[2] H. Hoshino, K. Okimura, I. Yamaguchi, and T. Tsuchiya, “Infrared-light switching inhighly oriented VO2 films on ZnO-buffered glasses with controlled phase transition
temperatures”, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 191, pp. 9-14 (2019).

12㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮೧ౕ ୊յ ૱߻Ռָٗढ़‫ॶڂݜ‬εϱϛζΤϞ
ʴ3URJUDPʵʴ֋ճѭࡲ2SHQLQJ5HPDUNVʵҶ௣ ෆߨ ෯ָௗʤཀྵ‫୴ܧ‬౲ʥʴ‫خ‬௒ߪԍ .H\QRWH6SHDNHUʵ
ʰ4XDQWLWDWLYHYLVXDOL]DWLRQLQKLJKVSHHGDHURG\QDPLFVʱ'U.RURWHHYD(NDWHULQD
/RPRQRVRY0RVFRZ6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\3RVW'RFWRUDO)HOORZ

ʰӋநඊߨୄबΕ͹ླྀΗ৖͹ՆࢻԿʷ߶ଐʀ߶ԻླྀΗ͹ՆࢻԿ‫ܯ‬଎ʷʱӮҬ ୉ध
౨๼୉ָ ླྀରՌָ‫گ ॶڂݜ‬दʴ޳ಆ൅න 2UDO3UHVHQWDWLRQʵʰ఼յ઄‫ױ‬ম‫ܯ‬Νཤ༽ͪ͢ലࠀഀഀ໚͹ߑଆմ໎ʱਭॽ ົ࣑ ౨ք୉ָ ޽ָ෨ ߦ‫ۯ‬ӋநָՌ ‫گ‬दʰඉฑߩླྀࠠ૮ླྀ΃͹਼஍ླྀରմੵ͹Ԣ༽ʳ߶‫ ڰ‬य़౨ք୉ָ ޽ָ෨ ಊྙ‫ؽ‬փ޽ָՌ ०‫گ‬द

13㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮ʴϛηνʖʵ ʤॳ෈ಋʥ

‫ؽ‬փ޽ָՌ 0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ࠯‫ ݡ‬༦ଢ໨ଞ ‫ࢦܔ‬ཚ߻ ੔ߨࢃీ ߸࣑
ԮӮ ദ෋ൠ௣ দඛ

ಊྙ‫ؽ‬փ޽ָՌ 3ULPH0RYHU(QJLQHHULQJෳౣ ௜࠺ࢃຌ ݊
ௗ୫ઔ ਇ໷߶‫ ڰ‬य़߶૖ ཁࢢ

ߦ‫ۯ‬ӋநָՌ ߦ‫ۯ‬Ӌநָ઒ߊ $HURQDXWLFVDQG$VWURQDXWLFV$HURVSDFHবీ ୉धෳీ ߝ୉Ҷీ ‫ج‬৶ਭॽ ົ࣑ຉᖔ ऴ೯

14㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮【基調講演 Keynote Speaker】

Quantitative visualization in high-speed aerodynamics
͊.RURWHHYD(=QDPHQVND\D,6\VRHY1**Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

Abstract
New developments in optical equipment and digital image processing techniques open possibilities to study almost
any problem involving fluid flow. Today, experimental flow visualization usually involves the cross-correlation
approach originally developed for calculations of particle displacements in particle-based velocimetry techniques.
The post-processing of experimental images using cross-correlation is a key component in a variety ofexperimental methods: particle image velocimetry (PIV) and its modifications (PTV, LIF, tomo-PIV, etc),
background oriented schlieren (BOS), thermographic particle velocimetry (TPV), schlieren “PIV”, etc. Thesestate-of-the-art quantitative flow visualization techniques, in combination with computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations, provide an incredibly powerful tool to investigate complex flows in a wide range of flow
parameters.
Here, we give an overview of the ongoing research activities in the area of high-speed aerodynamics atLomonosov Moscow state University, Russia, that are performed using experimental visualization techniques, suchas PIV and BOS, combined with CFD numerical simulations. The studied flows include planar travelling shockwaves, shock waves diffracting at the shock tube exit, blast waves induced by high-current pulsed discharges(plasma actuators), etc. Both the velocity fields (PIV) and the density distribution fields (BOS) within the flows arecalculated based on the cross-correlation image processing algorithm implemented in the Davis software from
LaVision.
A particular attention is given to well-acknowledged limitations of quantitative visualization techniques whenapplied to high-speed transient flows with steep gradients (see Fig.1). We demonstrate methodologies that can beused to successfully quantify and predict the bias errors associated with particle-based flow velocimetry. Our
results offer new possibilities for successful future validation of numerical models in high-speed fluid dynamics
against velocimetry experiments.

Fig. 1. PIV and CFD visualization of a velocity field induced by pulsed column-shaped plasma

15㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮【基調講演 Keynote Speaker】

Ᏹᐂ㣕⾜య࿘ࡾࡢὶࢀሙࡢྍど໬ ̿㧗㏿࣭㧗 ὶࢀࡢྍど໬ィ ̿
͊

Ọ஭኱ᶞ*

*ᮾ໭኱Ꮫὶయ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤḟୡ௦Ᏹᐂ㍺㏦ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡣ㸪኱Ẽᅪ෌✺ධ᫬ࡢ⇕✵ຊ≉ᛶࡢゎ᫂ࡀᚲ㡲ࡢ◊✲஦㡯࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᶵయࢆ⇕࠿ࡽᏲࡿࡓࡵࡢ⇕㜵ᚚࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀᶵయࡢ㔜㔞➼タィୖ㸪኱ࡁ࡞๭ྜ
ࢆ༨ࡵࡿୖ࡟㸪ḟୡ௦ࡢ㣕⾜యࡣᑠᆺ࣭㍍㔞໬㸪⤒῭ᛶࡀせồࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ᏻ඲ᛶࢆྵࡵࡓ✵ຊຍ⇕ࡢṇ☜࡞ண ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪኱Ẽᅪ෌✺ධ᫬ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᮲௳ୗ࡛ࡢᶵయ࿘
ࡾࡢ㡿ᇦࡣᐇᅾẼయຠᯝࡀ㢧ⴭ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪໬Ꮫⓗ࡟㠀ᖹ⾮࡞≧ែ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵᶵయࡢ✵ຊ≉ᛶ㸪✵ຊຍ⇕ࡢண ࡀᅔ㞴࡜ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⌧㇟ゎ᫂ࡣᛴົ஦㡯࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪኱Ẽᅪ෌✺ධ᫬ࡢ㧗࣐ࢵࣁᩘ࣭㧗࢚ࣥࢱࣝࣆὶࢆᶍᨃࡍࡿᆅୖᐇ㦂ࡢ㞴ࡋࡉ࡟ࡼࡾ౫↛ᮍゎỴ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ᩘ್ゎᯒᡭἲ㸦CFD㸧࡟ࡼࡿ✵ຊຍ⇕㔞ࡢ᥎⟬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ࡞࡝ࡢᐇᅾ
Ẽయຠᯝࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓCFDࢆ⾜ࡗࡓሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪✵ຊຍ⇕ࡢ᥎⟬⤖ᯝ࡟ࡣࣔࢹࣝࡸゎἲ࡟ࡼࡾ࠿
࡞ࡾࡢࡤࡽࡘࡁࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ┿ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜࡞ࡿ⢭ᗘࡢ㧗࠸✵ຊຍ⇕ィ ᡭἲ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢽ࣮ࢬࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬≉࡟෌✺ධ≀యࡢタィࢆࡼࡾຠ⋡ⓗ࡟⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪 ᗘࢆ㞳ᩓⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪“㠃”࡛ᤕࡽ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ“࡝ࡇ” ࡟“࡝ࢀࡃࡽ࠸” ࡢ✵ຊຍ⇕ࡀᶵయ࡟ຍ
ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ឤ ሬᩱ㸦Temperature-Sensitive Paint㸪௨ୗTSP㸧࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᶵ⬟ᛶศᏊࢭࣥࢧ࡟ࡼࡿィ ᢏ⾡ࡀ࠶ࡿ
㸬TSPࡣ㸪 ᗘኚ໬࡟ᛂࡌ࡚Ⓨගᙉᗘࡀኚ໬ࡍࡿศᏊࢭࣥࢧ࣮࡛࠶ࡾ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡞ሬᩱ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࢫࣉ࣮ࣞ࢞ࣥࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᶍᆺ࡬ࡢሬᕸࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪TSPࡢⓎගࡣྍどග㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㧗ᛶ⬟࡞CCD࣓࢝ࣛࡸCMOS࣓࢝ࣛࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ⓨගࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪TSPሬᕸ㠃㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᶍᆺ
⾲㠃඲య࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㧗ゎീᗘ࡛ ᗘࢆ“㠃”࡛ィ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᡃࠎࡣࡇࡢTSPᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ᴟ㉸㡢㏿㢼Ὕ࡛✵ຊຍ⇕⋡ࡢィ ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㏆
ᖺ࡛ࡣ㸪JAXAゅ⏣Ᏹᐂࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀ᭷ࡍࡿ㧗 ⾪ᧁ㢼ὝHIEST࡟࠾࠸࡚ᴟ㉸㡢㏿㣕⾜యࡢ✵ຊຍ⇕ィ ࡸቃ⏺ᒙ㑄⛣ࡢィ ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ᮏㅮ₇࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓTSPィ ᢏ⾡ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ✵ຊຍ⇕ィ ⤖ᯝࡢ⤂௓࡟ຍ࠼ᅜෆ࣭ᅜእࡢ⌧≧㸪⌧ᅾᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿၥ㢟Ⅼ࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬Heat Flux [kW/m2]

600

TC
TSP

400

200

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Distance from nosetip [mm]ᅗ2 ヨ㦂ᶍᆺ㸦HiFIRE-1㸧እほᅗ3 ᶍᆺ⾲㠃ୖࡢ⇕ὶ᮰ศᕸ͊㐃⤡ඛ(PDLOQDJDLKLURNL#WRKRNXDFMS

16

ᅗ4 ⇕㟁ᑐ㸦TC㸧࡜TSP⤖ᯝࡢẚ㍑

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮ᅇ㌿⇿㎘Ἴ࢚ࣥࢪࣥᇶ♏◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿගᏛⓗྍど໬ィ
͊

Ỉ᭩⛱἞*

*ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊⯟✵ᏱᐂᏛ⛉⯟✵ᏱᐂᏛᑓᨷ
ᅇ㌿⇿㎘Ἴࡢヲ⣽ᵓ㐀ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸⯟✵Ᏹᐂ᥎㐍ᶵ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᅇ㌿⇿㎘Ἴ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ㸦Rotating Detonation Engine, RDE㸧ࡢᇶ♏◊✲ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾ㸪ᐇ⏝໬◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㑊ࡅ࡚㏻ࢀ࡞࠸◊✲ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪⡿ᅜ㸪ࣟࢩ࢔㸪࠾ࡼࡧ୰ᅜ࡞࡝㸪ᅜᐙつᶍ࡛ RDE ◊✲࡟ከ኱࡞ண⟬ࢆᢞධࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿㅖእᅜ࡛ࡣ㸪⌧᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣᕤᏛⓗ࡞ᐇド◊✲࡟㔜Ⅼࡀ࠾࠿ࢀࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᅇ㌿⇿㎘Ἴࡢヲ⣽ᵓ㐀ゎ᫂࡟⮳ࡗࡓୖ࡛㸪ᐇ⏝໬◊✲࡟㐍ᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶゝ࠼࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲ㄢ㢟࡛ࡣ㸪ㅖእᅜࡢ RDEᐇ⏝໬◊✲࡜ࡣ୍⥺ࢆ⏬ࡋࡓ᪥ᮏ⊂⮬ࡢ RDE ◊✲ࡢ♏࡜࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᅇ㌿⇿㎘Ἴࡢ⏕ᡂ࡜Ⓨ㐩࡟㛵ࡍࡿヲ⣽ᵓ㐀◊✲࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡓ㸬≉࡟ᙜ◊✲ᐊ࡛ࡣ㸪ᅇ㌿⇿㎘Ἴࡢヲ⣽࡞≀⌮࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ゎ᫂ࡀ㔜せㄢ㢟࡜ㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣ㸪ᙜ◊✲ᐊࡀ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ≀⌮࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ゎ᫂ࡢࡓࡵࡢィᡭἲࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞ྍど໬ィᡭἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࡢᴫせࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ὶయࡢගᏛⓗྍど໬ィἲ࡛ࡣ㸪୍⯡࡟ࣔࣀࢡࣟ⏬ീ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᚓࡽࢀࡿ⏬ീࡢ⃰ῐࡀ♧ࡍ≀⌮㔞࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᙳ෗┿ἲ㸪ࢩ࣮ࣗࣜࣞࣥἲ㸪࠾ࡼࡧᖸ΅ィἲ࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕᖸ΅ィἲ࡛ࡣ㸪ὶࢀሙࡢᐦᗘศᕸࡢ
࠺ࡕ㸪ග㍈᪉ྥ࡟✚ศࡉࢀࡓ㔞࡟ẚ౛ࡋࡓ⏬ീࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ㸬ᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿὶࢀሙࡀ 2 ḟඖ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㍈ᑐ⛠⌧㇟࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ᐜ᫆࡟ὶࢀሙࡢᵓ㐀ࡀホ౯࡛ࡁ㸪ᩘ್ὶయゎᯒ㸦Computational Fluid Dynamics㸪CFD㸧࡜ࡢᑐẚࡀ┤᥋ྍ⬟࡞ᐇ㦂⏬ീࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᖸ΅ィἲࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪Ⅼᅇᢡᖸ΅ィἲ㸦Point Diffraction
Interferometry, PDI㸧ࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋࡓᡭἲࢆ☜❧ࡉࡏ㸪ᅇ㌿⇿㎘Ἴࡢヲ⣽ྍど໬ィᡭἲ࡜ྠ᫬࡟㸪ྠ᫬୪⾜࡛☜❧ࡉࡏࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸ CFD ᡭἲࡢホ౯᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㸬
ᅗ࡟Ⅼᅇᢡᖸ΅ィἲ࡟ࡼࡿᅇ㌿⇿㎘Ἴィ΅㊥㞳ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ගࢆ

ࡢᴫᛕࢆ♧ࡍ㸬୍⯡࡟ᖸ΅ィ࡛ࡣ㸪ྠ୍ග※࠿ࡽⓎࡋࡓྍᖸᐃ㒊┤๓࡛ 2 ศᒱࡉࡏ㸪ィ㒊ࢆ㏻㐣ࡉࡏࡿ≀యග࡜ᐃ㒊ࢆ㏻㐣ࡉࡏ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ

ࡢ㸪≀యග࡜ྠ୍ࡢගᏛⓗ㊥㞳ࢆ୚࠼ࡿཧ↷ග࡜ࡍࡿ㸬≀యග࡜ཧ↷ගࢆ⏬ീグ㘓⣲Ꮚୖ࡛෌ᗘ㔜ࡡྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᖸ΅⦤ศᕸࢆᚓࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪PDI ࡣ㸪 ᐃ㒊๓࡛≀యග࡜ཧ↷ග࡟ศᒱࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃගࢆ㏻
㐣ࡉࡏ㸪 ᐃ㒊㏻㐣ᚋ࡟ࣆ࣮ࣥ࣍ࣝ࡟㏻㐣ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᖸ΅⦤ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪⊃ᑠ࡞

ᐃ㒊࡛ࡢィ

࡟

ዲ㒔ྜ࡞ᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬඲ᅛయບ㉳࣮ࣞࢨ DPSSL ࠿ࡽⓎࡏࡽࢀࡓගࡣ㸪ᖹ㠃㙾 PM ࡜✵㛫ࣇ࢕ࣝࢱ SF ࡟ࡼࡾᣑ኱ࡉࢀࢩ࣮ࣗࣜࣞࣥ㙾 SM ࡛ᖹ⾜ග࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ほ
Ἴࡢ㏻㐣࡜ྠᮇࡉࡏࡿ㸬❆ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓᅇ㌿⇿㎘࢚ࣥࢪࣥ RDE ෆ㒊ࢆ⇿㎘ᐃ㒊ࢆ㏻㐣ࡋࡓᚋ㸪ᖹ㠃㙾 PM㸪ࢩ࣮ࣗࣜࣞࣥ㙾 SM ࡛㞟ගࡉࢀ㸪⊃ᖏᇦࣇ࢕ࣝࢱ BPF ࡛୙せ࡞⇞↝࡟࡜ࡶ࡞ࡿࡌࡻ࠺஘ගࢆ㝖ཤࡋ㸪ࣆ࣮ࣥ࣍ࣝ Pinhole ࡟࡚⌫㠃ἼࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᖸ΅⦤ศᕸࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࡿ㸬⏬ീグ㘓ࡣ㸪㧗㏿ᗘࣅࢹ࣓࢜࢝ࣛ High-speed camera ࡛グ㘓ࡍࡿ㸬ᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣ㸪ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅇ㌿⇿㎘Ἴ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࡢᇶ♏◊✲࡟㛵ࡍࡿୖグ PDI ィࢆྵࡴᐇ᪋≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿ㸬

Fig. A schematic diagram of quantitative visualization of rotating detonation wave with point diffraction interferometry.

17㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮㠀ᖹ⾮ὶ䠋ΰ┦ὶ䜈䛾ᩘ್ὶయゎᯒ䛾ᛂ⏝㻌䈂㧗ᶫಇ㻖䠈Ỉ㔝⿱௓㻖㻖䠈ᕝᮏ⿱ᶞ㻖㻖䠈ዉⰋ⚈ኴᮁ㻖㻖㻌㻖ᮾᾏ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊ືຊᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉㻖ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⥲ྜ⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉1940 ᖺ㡭㸪ENIAC ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡗࡓᩘ್ὶయຊᏛ㸦Computational Fluid Dynamics: CFD㸧ࡣ⌧ᅾࡉࡽ࡟ᛂ⏝⠊ᅖࢆᗈࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᙜึࡢ CFD ࡣ㠀ᅽ⦰ᛶὶࡢ Marker And Cell㸦MAC㸧ἲ࡟ࡼࡿゎᯒ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ 80 ᖺࢆ⤒ࡓ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣᩘ࠼ษࢀ࡞࠸⛬ࡢゎᯒᡭἲࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࢆྵࡴ㠀ᖹ⾮ὶ࡜␗┦⏺
㠃ࢆྵࡴΰ┦ὶࡢゎᯒࡀ᭱ࡶᅔ㞴࡞㒊㢮࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ㆟ㄽࡢవᆅࡣ↓࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬୧⪅࡟ඹ㏻ࡍࡿࡢ
ࡣὶయሢࡢ㞟ྜ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓὶࢀሙ࡟ศᏊࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢ⌧㇟ࡀᙉࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿⅬ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢᩘ⌮ࣔࢹࣝࢆ
CFD ࡟ᑟධࡋᏳᐃ࡟ゎᯒࢆ⾜࠺࡟ࡣ㸪ὶయຊᏛ࡜ィ⟬⛉Ꮫࡢ▱㆑ࢆ࠺ࡲࡃ⼥ྜࡉࡏࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬 ᡃࠎࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡣ㸪ᴟ㉸㡢㏿ὶࢀࢆゎᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ⇕໬Ꮫ㠀ᖹ⾮ὶࡢ CFD ࡜㸪ὶࢀ࡟᭚ࡉࢀࡿ≀యࡢෆ㒊⇕ఏᑟࡢ㐃ᡂゎᯒᡭἲࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ(1)㸬஧ḟඖᅽ⦰ᛶ Navier-Stokes ᪉⛬ᘧ࡜⇕ఏᑟ᪉⛬ᘧࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀὶࢀሙ࡜≀యෆ㒊ࡢᨭ㓄᪉⛬ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ὶࢀሙࡢゎᯒ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㠀⢓ᛶὶ᮰ࡣ AUSM+㸪᫬㛫✚ศࡣ
LUSGS 㝜ゎἲ㸪໬Ꮫ㠀ᖹ⾮ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡣ Park ࡢ஧ᗘࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸㸪ࡲࡓ≀యቨ㠃࡛ࡣඹᙺ⇕໙㓄᮲௳࡟ࡼࡾ⇕ὶ᮰ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡟㢮ఝࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ィ⟬᱁Ꮚࢆ⌧ᅾࡢᵓ㐀᱁Ꮚ࠿ࡽỗ⏝ᛶࡢ㧗࠸┤஺᱁Ꮚ࡟ᣑᙇࡍࢀࡤୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ࡶ౛ࢆぢ࡞࠸ゎᯒᡭἲ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ᅗ 1 ࡣ㐃ᡂゎᯒ⤖ᯝࡢ୍౛࡛㸪ᴟ㉸㡢㏿ὶࡢ⇕ఏ㐩ࡢᙳ㡪࡛ᅛయෆ㒊ࡢᗘ࡟ศᕸࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡲࡓᡃࠎࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡣᅛయࢆྵࡴẼᾮΰ┦ὶࡢゎᯒᡭἲࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ㸪⮬ື㌴࢚ࣥࢪࣥෆ㒊ࡢ࢜࢖ࣝὶ
ືゎᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(2)㸬࢜࢖ࣝࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࣜࣥࢢ࿘ࡾࡢ࢜࢖ࣝᣲືࡢ୍౛ࢆᅗ 2 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬஧✀㢮ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࢭࢵࢺ㛵ᩘࢆ౑࠸ศࡅ㸪Ẽᾮࡢ⏺㠃࡜㸪ᅛయ࡜ὶయࡢ⏺㠃ࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ⊂❧࡟⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࡝ࡕࡽࡢ⏺
㠃ࡶࢩ࣮ࣕࣉ࡟ᤕ⋓ࡍࡿ㸬ᚑ᮶ࡣẼᾮࡢ⏺㠃ࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ Volume Of Fluid㸦VOF㸧ἲࡀከ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋᚑ᮶ࡢ VOF ἲ࡛ࡣ⏺㠃఩⨨ࢆᮏ㉁ⓗ࡟ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡎ㸪࠿ࡘ⾲㠃ᙇຊࡢ⾲⌧࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿContinuous Surface Forcing㸦CSF㸧ࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪⾲㠃ᙇຊࢆయ✚ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵᨃఝ㏿ᗘࢆ⏕ࡌ࠺ࡿ
ḞⅬࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪᫬࡟ᐇ⌧㇟ࡢ෌⌧ࢆᅔ㞴࡟ࡍࡿ㸬ᡃࠎࡢᡭἲࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢḞⅬࢆᮏ㉁ⓗ࡟⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ VOF ἲࡼࡾࡶィ⟬㈇Ⲵࡀᩘ๭ቑຍࡍࡿࡢࡀ၏୍ࡢ▷ᡤ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞ CFD ࡣ⌧㇟ᢕᥱ࡟ࡣ᭷⏝࡛Ꮫ⾡㠃࠿ࡽࡶάⓎ࡟◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡔࡀࡑࡢᐇ㸪ᮏ᮶ࡢࡶࡢ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟ά࠿ࡍ࡟ࡣࡉࡽ࡟㎿㏿࡞ゎᯒࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᡃࠎࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡣ⣲᪩ࡃタィ⌧ሙ࡛ゎᯒྍ⬟࡞ࢶ࣮ࣝࢆ┠ᣦࡋ㸪ࣄ࣮ࢺࣃ࢖ࣉ(3)ࡸேయෆ࡛ࡢὶయᣲືࡢࣜࢲࢡࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ 3 ࡣࡑࡢ୍౛ࡔࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ 1D ࣔࢹࣝ࡬ࡢせồࡶ௒ᚋࡣࡉࡽ࡟㧗ࡲࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬

Fig. 1 Temperature distribution in hypersonic flow

Fig. 2 Oil behavior around an oil ring Fig. 3 Heat pipe reduction model1.

Mizuno, Y., Takahashi, S., Yamada, G., Yamashita, R., Fukuda, K., Proc. of APISAT 2019 (2019)2.

ᕝᮏ⿱ᶞ㸪ⶶᮏ⤖ᶞ㸪㧗ᶫಇ㸪ⴠྜᡂ⾜㸪➨ 32 ᅇィ⟬ຊᏛㅮ₇఍ (2019)3.

Takemura, K., Kawamoto, Y., Takahashi, S., Nagashima, S., Adachi, T., Nagai, H., Proc. of ICFD 2019 (2019)†:㐃⤡ඛ E-mail: takahasi@tokai-u.jp18㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮ࢺࣥ࣎ࡢ⩟࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿᚤ⣽ᵓ㐀ࡀ✵ຊ≉ᛶ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪͊୰ᮧ ◁Ⰻᩯ*㸪◁ぢ 㞝ኴ***ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉㸪**ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨㏆ᖺ㸪⅏ᐖ⌧ሙࡢㄪᰝࡸ㎰ሙ࡛ࡢ㎰⸆ᩓᕸ㸪ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᏯ㓄࡞࡝ࡢ↓ே㣕⩧≀య(Unmanned
Aerial Vehicle ௨ୗ㸪UAV ࡜グࡍ)ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬UAV ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㛗㊥㞳㣕⾜ࡀᮃࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡀ㸪ࣂࢵࢸ࣮ࣜࡢᾘ⪖ࡸᑍἲຠᯝ࡟ࡼࡿ⢓ᛶຊࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡸࡍࡃ㸪༑ศ࡞㣕⾜ᛶ⬟ࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪㣕⩧⏕≀ࡢ≉㉁ࢆࣂ࢖࣑࣓࢜ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ၥ㢟ࢆゎỴ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡓ㸬㫽ࡸࢥ࢘ࣔࣜ࡞࡝࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㣕⩧⏕≀ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪UAV ࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ࣍ࣂࣜࣥࢢᛶ⬟ࡸ㸪ᛴ᪕ᅇ࡟㐺ࡋࡓࢺࣥ࣎࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓ㸬ࢺࣥ࣎ࡣඛ㏙ࡢ㣕⩧ᛶ⬟࡟ຍ࠼㸪⁥✵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛┬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡛ࡢ㣕⾜ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋ 7100 km ࡶࡢΏࡾࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㣕⩧ᛶ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࢺࣥ࣎ࡢ⩟⾲㠃࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿᚤ⣽࡞ᵓ㐀ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᅗ 1 ࡟ࢺࣥ࣎ࡢ⩟࡟࠾ࡅࡿᚤ⣽ᵓ㐀ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࢺࣥ࣎ࡢ⩟࡟ࡣ኱ࡁࡃศࡅ࡚ 4 ✀㢮ࡢᚤ⣽ᵓ㐀ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸬 ྠᅗ(a)ࡢ๓⦕✺㉳ᵓ㐀࡛ࡣ⊃࠸✺㉳㛫ࢆ✵Ẽࡀὶࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ຍ㏿ࡋ㸪ࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞ᥭຊࢆᚓࡿ஦ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ྠᅗ(b)ࡢ⤖⠇ᵓ㐀࡛ࡣ⩚ࡤࡓࡁ᫬࡟⤖⠇ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓኚᙧࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛᥎ຊࢆቑຍࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ྠᅗ(c)ࡢࢥࣝࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᵓ㐀࡛ࡣ✵Ẽࡢὶࢀࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾᥭຊࡢྥୖ㸪ᢠຊࡢపῶࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୰࡛ࡶྠᅗ(d)࡛ࡣ㸪༟ୖ㉮ᰝᆺ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾(Scanning Electron Microscope ௨ୗ㸪SEM ࡜グࡍ)ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࢜ࢽ࣐ࣖࣥࡢ๓⩟ࡢほᐹࡋࡓ⏬ീ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢ✺㉳ࡣᢠຊపῶຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓࢺࣥ࣎ࡢ⩟࡟ࡣ㧗ࡉࡀ 50 m㹼100 m ࡢᚤ⣽✺㉳ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪⩟ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡸࢺࣥ࣎ࡢ✀㢮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚤ⣽✺㉳ࡢ㧗ࡉࡀ㐪࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪UAV ࡟ᚤ⣽ᵓ㐀ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿ㝿㸪⩟ࢆኚᙧࡉࡏࡿ⤖⠇ᵓ㐀ࡢᛂ⏝ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪⅏ᐖ⌧ሙࡢㄪᰝࡸ UAV ࡟ࡼࡿᏯ㓄࡛ࡣ㸪㛗᫬㛫ࡢ౑⏝㸪㛗㊥㞳ࡢ㣕⾜ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࣂࢵࢸ࣮ࣜࡢᾘ⪖ࢆᢚ࠼ࡿୖ࡛㸪ᢠຊపῶࢆಁࡍ⾲㠃ࡢᚤ⣽✺㉳࡜ࢥࣝࢤ࣮ࢩࣙ
ࣥᵓ㐀࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪㧗ࡉࡀ␗࡞ࡿᚤ⣽✺㉳ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᖹᯈ࡜ࢥࣝࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⩟ࡢ〇స㸪ᥭຊᢠຊᐃᐇ㦂࡟ຍ࠼㸪⩟࿘ࡾ࡜ᚤ⣽✺㉳㏆ഐࢆὶࢀࡿ✵Ẽࡢྍど໬ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪✺㉳ࡢ㧗ࡉࡸ㸪⾲㠃ࡢᚤ⣽࡞ᵓ㐀ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡀ⩟࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟㸪ྛ✀ᚤ⣽ᵓ㐀ࡢ〇స㸪ᥭຊᢠຊᐃᐇ㦂㸪ྍど໬ᐇ㦂࠾ࡼࡧ⢏Ꮚ⏬ീὶ㏿

ᐃἲ(Particle Image Velocimetry ௨ୗ㸪PIV ࡜グࡍ)ゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ሗ࿌ࡍࡿ㸬

(a)
(d)

(c)
(d)

(b) Nodus structure

Dragonfly wing(a) Spikes of leading edge(c) Corrugation structure(d) Micro spike on the surface㻌Fig.1 Dragonfly wing microstructure͊VXQDPL#WRNDLXMS

19

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮࣐ࢢࢿࢩ࣒࢘ྜ㔠ࢲ࢖࢝ࢫࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ‫‮‬ὶࢀ࡜จᅛ⤌⧊ࡢ㛵ಀ᯽ཎ ౡ㍤*㸪͊◁ぢ 㞝ኴ***ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ⥲ྜ⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ⥲ྜ⌮ᕤᏛᑓᨷ㸪**ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨ᆅ⌫⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡀ኱ࡁࡃࢡ࣮ࣟࢬ࢔ࢵࣉࡉࢀࡿ⌧௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ CO2 ᤼ฟ㔞ࡢつไࡣᖺࠎཝࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬≉࡟ CO2 ᤼ฟ㔞ࡢ኱༙ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ⮬ື㌴ࡢ⇞㈝ྥୖࡣୡ⏺୰࠿ࡽ⇕ᮃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⇞㈝ྥୖ᪋⟇ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㌴య㔜㔞ࡢ㍍㔞໬ࡀ༢⣧࠿ࡘຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡾᚑ᮶ࡢ㕲㒊ရ࠿ࡽࡢᮦᩱ㌿᥮ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୰࡛ࡶ࣐ࢢ
ࢿࢩ࣒࢘ࡣ㕲ࡸ࢔࣑ࣝࢽ࣒࢘࡜ẚ࡭ẚᙉᗘࡸẚ๛ᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ㈨※ࡶ㇏ᐩ࡛ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝᛶ࡟ᐩࡴ࡞࡝ࡢ≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾᬑཬࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࣐ࢢࢿࢩ࣒࢘〇⮬ື㌴㒊ရࡢ⏕⏘࡟Ḟ࠿ࡍࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᢏ
⾡ࡀࢲ࢖࢝ࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢲ࢖࢝ࢫࢺࡣ⁐‫ࢆ‮‬㔠ᆺ࡬㧗㏿࠿ࡘ㧗ᅽ࡛ᑕฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪〇㐀ࡢ 1 ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢆ㝈ࡾ࡞ࡃ▷ࡃࡋࡓ㗪㐀ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࢲ࢖࢝ࢫࢺࡣ㗪⫙ࡢඃࢀࡓ〇ရࢆ▷᫬㛫࡛኱㔞࡟⏕⏘ྍ⬟࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚☜❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪ࢲ࢖࢝ࢫࢺ〇ရ୰࡟ࡣ࣏ࣟࢩࢸ࢕ࡸจᅛ∦ࡢΰධ࡞࡝≉ᚩⓗ࡞Ḟ㝗ࡢᏑᅾࡀၥ㢟どࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୰࡛ࡶ✵Ẽࡢᕳࡁ㎸ࡳࡸจᅛ཰⦰࡟ࡼࡿ㗪ᕢࡣᶵᲔⓗᛶ㉁ࡢప
ୗࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾ㸪⪏ᅽ㒊ᮦࡢ࣮ࣜࢡࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣢࡘ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪Ḟ㝗Ⓨ⏕࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢゎ᫂ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᆺෆ‫‮‬ὶࢀࡢྍど໬(1, 2)ࡸ㸪㠀◚ቯ᳨ᰝ࡟ࡼࡿ≀ᛶィ

(3)ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀ

ࡽ㸪᫆⇞ᛶࡸ㞴㗪㐀ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࣐ࢢࢿࢩ࣒࢘ྜ㔠ࡣ㸪࢔࣑ࣝࢽ࣒࢘ྜ㔠ࡸள㖄ྜ㔠࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᡂᙧ᫬ࡢၥ
㢟࡟ᙳ㡪ࡉࢀ࡚◊✲㛤Ⓨࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪࣐ࢢࢿࢩ࣒࢘ྜ㔠ࢲ࢖࢝ࢫࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᡂᙧᛶࡢᨵၿࢆ┠ⓗ࡟㸪㗪㐀᮲௳࡜‫‮‬ὶࢀࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㗪㐀ᐇ㦂࠾ࡼࡧ‫‮‬ὶࢀࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࠿ࡽホ౯ࡋࡓ㸬ཌࡳࡢ␗࡞ࡿᖹᯈࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓ㝵ẁᆺࢸࢫࢺࣆ࣮ࢫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⫗ཌࡈ࡜ࡢ඘ሸᛶ࠾ࡼࡧจᅛᙧែࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦Fig. 1 a)㸬ὶධࡢᐜ᫆ᛶ࠿ࡽཌ⫗㒊࠿ࡽ‫ࢆ‮‬ධࢀ㸪᭱⤊඘ሸ㒊㏆ഐ࠿ࡽ࢞ࢫᢤࡁࡉࡏࡓ㸦Fig. 1 - b)㸬࣐ࢢࢿࢩ࣒࢘ྜ㔠ࡣẚ⇕ࡀᑠࡉࡃจᅛࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡓࡵ㸪㔠ᆺࡢ㒊࡜ࢤ࣮ࢺ㒊࡟Ἔᗘไᚚࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪≉࡟‫ࡢ‮‬෭ࡵࡸࡍ࠸ 4mm ཌㄪ⟶ࢆ㓄ࡋ㸪௚ẁ࡟㔠ᆺ෭༷⏝ࡢỈ෭ࣃ࢖ࣉࢆタࡅࡓ㸬ࢫ࣮ࣜࣈ࡟ࡣ㧗࿘Ἴㄏᑟຍ

⇕ࢥ࢖ࣝࢆᕳࡁࢫ࣮ࣜࣈෆቨࡢ

ᗘపୗࢆᢚไࡋࡓ㸦Fig. 1 - c)㸬෭༷㏿ᗘᕪࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏࡓࡇ࡜࡛㗪≀ࡢ⤌⧊ᙧែࡣ␗࡞ࡿᵝ┦ࢆ࿊ࡍࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪⾲㠃ࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࢆほᐹࡋ࡚

200 mmMoving die

Overflow

100 mm

4 mm
8 mm Cavity
12 mm
16 mm

ㄪຠᯝࢆホ౯ࡋࡓ㸬

Vent

Fixed dieHeating pipe
Cooling pipe

CavitySleeve IH coil

Inlet

Gate
RunnerPlungerc) Casting equipmentb) Inside modela) Steps type test piece
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of sample shape and casting equipmentᩥ ⊩(1) ᰩᒣ, 㗪㐀ᕤᏛ, Vol. 83 (2011), No. 5, pp. 253-258.
(2) 㔠⃝, 㗪㐀ᕤᏛ, Vol. 87 (2015), No. 1, pp. 29-38.
(3) ᱓Ỉὶ, ᶵᲔᏛ఍ㄽᩥ㞟, Vol. 77 (2011), No. 773, pp. 48-57.
͊VXQDPL#WRNDLXMS

20

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶయࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㞟✚ᆺࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⣽⬊࢔ࢵࢭ࢖͊Ⓨ⾲⪅Ặྡ ᴵⴥ೺ử*㸪ᮌᮧၨᚿ*,***ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⥲ྜ⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉, **ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ࣐࢖ࢡ࣭ࣟࢼࣀ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ⣽⬊㛫┦஫స⏝ࡢゎ᫂࡟ྥࡅࠊ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶయࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㸦Microfluidic Probeࠊ ௨ୗ
MFP㸧ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶయࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡟㞟✚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊὶ㊰ෆࡢ⣽⬊⩌࡬ࡢ㒊఩ᒁᡤⓗ࡞ᾮᛶ่⃭ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶ
యࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㞟✚ᆺࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡣࠊୗᒙࡢ⣽⬊ᇵ㣴㒊࡜ࠊ୰㛫ᒙ࡜ୖᒙ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ MFP ὶ㊰࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂ
ࡉࢀࠊMFP ὶ㊰ࡢඛ➃ࡣ⣽⬊ᇵ㣴㒊ࡢኳ஭㒊ศ࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿ(Fig. 1)ࠋMFP ὶ㊰ࡣὀධཬࡧ྾ᘬὶ㊰࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࠊ⣽⬊ᇵ㣴㒊ࡢᗏ㠃࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿᾮᛶ่⃭⠊ᅖࡣὀධ࡜྾ᘬࡢὶ㔞ẚ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ไᚚྍ⬟
࡛࠶ࡿࠋMFP ὶ㊰ࡢඛ➃ᙧ≧ࡸὀධ࣭྾ᘬὶ㔞࡞࡝ࡢ᮲௳ࡣࠊὶయࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ANSYS ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᩘ್ィ⟬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛᭱㐺໬ࡋࡓࠋ
㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢᶵ⬟᳨ウ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊὀධ࡜྾ᘬࡢὶయ᧯స࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿᾮᛶ่⃭⠊ᅖ࠾ࡼࡧᾮᛶᅉᏊࡢ⃰ᗘࡢホ౯ᐇ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋᾮᛶᅉᏊࣔࢹࣝ≀㉁ࡣࠊ⃰ᗘࢆ 100 M ࡟ㄪ〇ࡋࡓ Fluorescein࡜ࡋࡓࠋࢩࣜࣥࢪ࣏ࣥࣉࢆ⏝࠸࡚ὀධ࣭྾ᘬ᧯సࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᇵ㣴㒊ᗏ㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⁐ᾮࡢᗈࡀࡾࢆ᧜ᙳࡋࡓࠋ
ᮏᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊὀධὶ㔞࡟ᑐࡋ྾ᘬὶ㔞ࢆ኱ࡁࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⣽⬊ᇵ㣴㒊ෆ࡟ᑟධࡋࡓᾮᛶᅉᏊࡢᣑ
ᩓࢆไᚚࡋࠊὶయ᧯స࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⣽⬊ᇵ㣴㒊ᗏ㠃ࢆᒁᡤⓗ࡟ᾮᛶᅉᏊ࡟᭚㟢ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊྛ⃰ᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡜ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࡀ㏆ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ᾮᛶᅉᏊ࡟᭚㟢ࡉࢀࡿ㡿ᇦ࠾ࡼࡧ᭚㟢ࡉࢀࡿᾮᛶᅉᏊࡢ⃰ᗘࢆணྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆ⏝࠸࡚⣽⬊㛫┦஫స⏝ࢆほᐹࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⣽⬊࢔ࢵࢭ࢖ࡶᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣᚤᑠὶయไᚚ㒊ศࢆ୰ᚰ࡟⣽⬊࢔ࢵࢭ࢖⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⤂௓ࡍࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

Fig. 1 Comparison with results of the experiments and simulation evaluating relationship between the flow
ratio vs. the stimulation area. The diffusion of fluorescein in the cell culture chamber were equivalent
to results of FEM simulation. Scale bars are 100m.
(1) M. J. Berridge, P. Lipp, M. D. Bootman, “The versatility and universality of calcium signalling”, Nature Reviews
Molecular Cell Biology, 1(1), 11-21, 2000
(2) D. Juncker, H. Schmid, E. Delamarche, “Multipurpose microfluidic probe”, Nature materials, 4(8), 622-628, 2011͊㐃⤡ඛ(PDLOKNLPXUD#WRNDLXMS

21

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮࣐ࢢࢼࢫ㢼㌴ࡢ෇ᰕ⩼ࡢ⾲㠃ᵓ㐀࡜✵ຊ≉ᛶ(෇ᰕ⾲㠃࡟᪋ࡋࡓ⦪⁁ࡢ῝ࡉࡢᙳ㡪)͊Ⓨ⾲⪅Ặྡ*㸪Ụཱྀ ⯟௓**ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉, ᶵᲔᕤᏛᑓᨷ
Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨
1. ⥴ゝ
㏆ᖺ㸪໬▼⇞ᩱࡢᯤῬࡸ኱Ẽởᰁ࡟ࡼࡿ⎔ቃၥ㢟࠿ࡽ෌⏕ྍ⬟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ. ෌⏕ྍ⬟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ୰࡛᭱኱つᶍࡢⓎ㟁㔞ࢆ㄂ࡿࡢࡣ㢼ຊⓎ㟁࡛࠶ࡾ㸪௒ᚋࡶቑຍഴྥࡣ⥆ࡃ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㢼㌴ࡢタ⨨࡟ࡣᗈ኱࡞ᅵᆅࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ㸪ࣂ࣮ࢻࢫࢺࣛ࢖ࢡ㸪㐣ᅇ㌿࡜࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᡃࠎࡣ࣐ࢢࢼࢫ㢼㌴࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓ㸬࣐ࢢࢼࢫ㢼㌴࡜ࡣᅇ㌿ࡍࡿ෇ᰕ⩼ࡢᥭຊࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪ప࠸ὶ㏿࡛ࡶ኱ࡁ࠸ᅇ㌿ຊࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿ㢼㌴࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ࣐ࢢࢼࢫ㢼㌴ࡣᑠᆺ࠿ࡘ㢼㌴ࡢᅇ㌿ᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸ሙ
ྜ࡛ࡶࣃ࣮࣡ࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ኱ᆺࣉࣟ࣌ࣛ㢼㌴ࡢၥ㢟ⅬࡢゎỴࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬1)ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ⴭ⪅ࡽࡢ◊✲࡟ࡼࡾ࣐ࢢࢼࢫ㢼㌴ࡢ෇ᰕ⩼ᙧ≧ࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏ࡚㢼㌴ᅇ㌿ᩘࢆᐃࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪

⦪⁁ࡸࢫࣃ࢖ࣛࣝࣇ࢕ࣥࢆ᪋ࡋࡓ෇ᰕ⩼ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࡜࢝ࢵࢺ࢖ࣥ㢼㏿ࡢపୗཬࡧ㢼㌴ᅇ㌿ᩘࡀቑຍࡋ㸪⦪⁁෇ᰕ⩼ࡢ᫬ࡀ᭱ࡶᅇ㌿ᩘࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬2)
 ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⦪⁁ࡢᙧ≧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸯✀㢮ࡋ࠿ㄪᰝࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪᭱㐺࡞෇ᰕ⩼ᙧ≧ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪࣐ࢢࢼࢫ㢼㌴࡟⦪⁁ࢆ᪋ࡋࡓ෇ᰕ⩼ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㢼㌴ࡢᛶ⬟ᐃࢆ⾜࠸㸪ᅇ㌿෇ᰕࡢ⾲㠃࡟᪋ࡋࡓ⦪⁁ࡢ῝ࡉࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡿ࣐ࢢࢼࢫ㢼㌴ࡢ✵ຊ≉ᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬
2. ᐇ㦂⿦⨨ᰴᘧ఍♫ MEKARO ࡢ࣐ࢢࢼࢫ㢼㌴ 1)3)ࢆཧ⪃࡟ᙜ◊✲ᐊ࡛〇సࡋࡓ࣐ࢢࢼࢫ㢼㌴ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿ. Fig.1 ࡟〇సࡋࡓ࣐ࢢࢼࢫ㢼㌴ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ᑍἲࡣ඲㛗 420mm, ྎᗙ࠿ࡽ෇ᰕඛ➃ࡲ࡛ࡢ㧗ࡉ 452mm ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࣐ࢢࢼࢫ㢼㌴ࡢ
Ⓨ㟁ཎ⌮ࡣ Fig.1 ᕥୗࡢ㥑ື⏝࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡢືຊࢆ୰ᚰ
㍈࡜࠿ࡉṑ㌴࡟ࡼࡾఏ㐩ࡋ෇ᰕࢆᅇ㌿ࡉࡏࡿ㸬㢼㌴๓
᪉࠿ࡽ㢼ࡀᙜࡓࡿ࡜࣐ࢢࢼࢫຠᯝ࡟ࡼࡾ㢼㌴ࡀᅇ㌿ࡋ㸪ࣃ࢖ࣉࢩࣕࣇࢺࢆఏ㐩ࡋ࡚ Fig.1 ୰ኸࡢⓎ㟁⏝࣮ࣔࢱ࣮࡟ᅇ㌿ࡀఏࢃࡾⓎ㟁ࡍࡿ௙⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬Fig.1 General view in a windmillᮏᐇ㦂࡛౑⏝ࡋࡓ෇ᰕࢆ Fig.2 ࡟♧ࡋ㸪ྛᑍἲࢆ
Table 1 ࡟♧ࡍ. (a)ࡣ⦪⁁෇ᰕ(B/D=0.0105)࡛࠶ࡿ㸬௨ୗ(a)ࢆᇶ‽࡟㸪(b)ࡣ⁁῝ࡉࢆ 2 ಸ࡟ࡋࡓ⦪⁁෇ᰕ(B/D=0.021)㸪(c)ࡣ⁁῝ࡉࢆ 0.5 ಸ࡟ࡋࡓ⦪⁁෇ᰕ(B/D=0.00525)࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⦪⁁ࡢᩘࡣ 32 ᮏ࡛⤫୍ࡍࡿ㸬

Table 1 Specifications of the cylinder

(a)
(b)
(c)

Fig.2 Experimental cylinder

22

H[mm]

D[mm]

130

40

B[mm]
0.42
0.84
0.21

B/D
0.01050.021
0.00525㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮

3. ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝFig.4~Fig.6 ࡟㢼㏿࡜㢼㌴ᅇ㌿ᩘࡢᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬Fig.4 ࡀ⦪⁁෇ᰕ(B/D=0.0105), Fig.5 ࡀ⦪⁁෇ᰕ(B/D=0.021), Fig.6 ࡀ⦪⁁෇ᰕ(B/D=0.00525)࡛࠶ࡿ㸬Fig.4, Fig.5 ࡼࡾ㸪⦪⁁෇ᰕ(B/D=0.0105)࡜⦪⁁෇ᰕ(B/D=0.021)ࡣ෇ᰕ⩼ᅇ㌿ᩘࡀపᅇ㌿᫬ࡣ㢼㌴ࡀ෇ᰕ⩼ࡢ࣐ࢢࢼࢫຠᯝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿᥭຊ࡛ᅇ㌿ࡍࡿ
᪉ྥ࡜ࡣ㏫࡟ᅇ㌿ࡋࡓ. ࡑࡢࡓࡵᅇ㌿ᩘࡣ㈇ࡢ್࡛♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࡣ㏫࣐ࢢࢼࢫຊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㈇ࡢ
ᥭຊࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡿ. ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᅇ㌿ࡢ᪉ྥࢆ㏫ᅇ㌿᪉ྥ࡜࿧ࡪ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪෇ᰕ⩼ࡀ㧗ᅇ㌿᫬࡛ࡣṇᅇ㌿᪉ྥ࡟ᅇ㌿ࡋ㸪෇ᰕ⩼ᅇ㌿ᩘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࢝ࢵࢺ࢖ࣥ㢼㏿ࡀపࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬Fig.4~Fig.6 ࡼࡾ㸪㢼㌴ࡀṇᅇ㌿᪉ྥ࡟ᅇ㌿ࡋࡓ᫬ࡣ෇ᰕ⩼ᅇ㌿ᩘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࢝ࢵࢺ࢖ࣥ㢼㏿ࡀపࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪᭱኱㢼㌴ᅇ㌿ᩘࡶ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬Fig.7 ࡟ 3 ✀㢮ࡢ⦪⁁෇ᰕ࡟࠾࠸࡚ṇᅇ㌿᪉ྥ࡟᭱ࡶᛶ⬟ࡢⰋ࠸ 1600rpm ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬Fig.7 ࡼࡾ㸪⦪⁁෇ᰕ(B/D=0.0105)ࡀ᭱ࡶ㢼㌴ᅇ㌿ᩘࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪࢝ࢵࢺ࢖ࣥ㢼㏿ࡣ⦪⁁෇ᰕ(B/D=0.00525)ࡀ᭱ࡶ
ప࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬Fig.4 Relationship between wind speed andFig.5 Relationship between wind speed andwindmill Rotational speed (B/D=0.0105)

windmill Rotational speed (B/D=0.021)

Fig.6 Relationship between wind speed andwindmill Rotational speed (B/D=0.00525)

Fig.7 Effect of groove shapesཧ⪃ᩥ⊩(1)బ⸨ྖ, ओMECARO, ࠕ࣐ࢢࢼࢫຠᯝࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓᑠᆺ㢼ຊⓎ㟁ᶵࡢ㛤Ⓨࠖ, ᪥ᮏᶵᲔᏛ఍ㄅ 2008. 7 Vol.
111 No.1076(2)Ụཱྀ⯟௓㸪ᒸỌ༤ኵ ࠕ࣐ࢢࢼࢫ㢼㌴ࡢ෇ᰕ⩼ࡢ⾲㠃ᵓ㐀࡜✵ຊ≉ᛶ(෇ᰕ⾲㠃࡟ࡘࡅࡽࢀࡓ⦪⁁ཬࡧᶓ⁁ࡢᙳ㡪)ࠖ
㸪᪥ᮏᶵᲔᏛ఍ὶయᕤᏛ㒊㛛ㅮ₇఍ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸦2018.11.29-30, ᐊ⹒㸧(3) ᰴ ᘧ ఍ ♫ MECARO, ᮧ ୖ ಙ ༤ , ࠕ ࣐ ࢢ ࢼ ࢫ ᆺ 㢼 ຊ Ⓨ 㟁 ⿦ ⨨ ཬ ࡧ ࡑ ࡢ ไ ᚚ ᪉ ἲ ࠖ ,https://astamuse.com/ja/published/JP/No/2009002263†:㐃⤡ඛ E-mail:8BEMM014@cc.u-tokai.ac.jp23㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮X ⥺ CT ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᾋືࣈࢵࢩࣗ㍈ཷࡢἜ⭷ほᐹ†*1ᑠ㇂ ᫴ᖹ*㸯㸪ⴠྜ ᡂ⾜*2ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ᶵᲔᕤᏛᑓᨷ㸪*2 ᕤᏛ㒊 ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨పᦶ᧿㸪㧗Ᏻᐃᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᾋືࣈࢵࢩࣗ㍈ཷࡣࡍ࡭ࡾ㍈ཷࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᅗ 1 ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪㍈ཷ࡜ᅇ㌿㍈ࡢ㛫࡟ᾋືࣈࢵࢩࣗࡀᤄධࡉࢀ㸪ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ࡜ࡘࢀᅇࡿࡇ࡜࡛Ἔ⭷ࡀ 2 㔜࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᅇ㌿ࡍࡿᾋືࣈࢵࢩࣗࡣ㸪୍⯡࡟Ἔࡢὶධࢆ㜼ࡴഴྥࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࣈࢵࢩࣗᅇ㌿ᩘࡢቑຍ࡟కࡗ࡚ࡑࡢഴྥࡣ
ᙉࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ὶయ₶⁥ࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿྠ㍈ཷࡢἜ⭷ࢆほᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ከࡃࡢ◊✲⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭱኱ࡢ㛵ᚰ஦ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ྠ㍈ཷࡢ 2 㔜Ἔ⭷ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ≉Ṧ࡞ᵓ㐀࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣἜ⭷ࡢほᐹࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ྠ㍈ཷࡢἜ⭷ࡢほᐹ౛ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ X ⥺ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࢺࣔࢢࣛࣇ࢕࣮㸦X ⥺ CT㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓἜ⭷ほᐹࢆヨࡳࡿ㸬ᅗ 2 ࡟ X ⥺ CT ෆ࡛Ἔ⭷ࡢྍど໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟≉໬ࡋ࡚〇సࡉࢀࡓ㍈ཷヨ㦂⿦⨨ࡢᴫせᅗࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪↷ᑕࡉࢀࡿ X ⥺ࡣ㏱㐣ࡢᅔ㞴࡞࣮ࣔࢱ࣮➼ࡢ㔠ᒓ㒊ရࢆ㑊ࡅ㸪㍈ཷ㒊ศࡢࡳࢆ㏱㐣ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡼࡾపᐦᗘ
࡞≀㉁ྠኈࡢቃ⏺ࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪పᐦᗘ࡞₶⁥Ἔࡸ㍈ཷࡍࡁࡲෆࡢẼᾮ⏺㠃࡞࡝ࢆ᳨ฟࡋ㸪CT ⏬ീ࡟཯ᫎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᅗ 3 ࡟᧜ᙳࡉࢀࡓ㍈ཷࡢ CT ⏬ീࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ྠ⏬ീࡣ┤ิ 2 㔜࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ㍈ཷࡍࡁࡲࡢಶࠎࡢほᐹࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪㍈᪉ྥ࠿ࡽᆺࢆᢤࡃࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ 2 ࡘࡢࡍࡁࡲࢆศ㞳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢ CT ⏬ീࡣẚ㍑ⓗ㧗ᐦᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ㍈ཷᮦ࠾ࡼࡧ₶⁥Ἔ࡜పᐦᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ㍈ཷࡍࡁࡲෆࡢẼ┦ࡢᐦᗘᕪࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ㏱᫂ᗘࢆタᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪పᐦᗘ࡞㍈ཷࡍࡁࡲෆࡢẼ┦ࡣⓑࡃ╔Ⰽࡉࢀ㸪
ࡑࡢ࿘㎶ࡢ㧗ᐦᗘ࡞㍈ཷ㒊ᮦ࠾ࡼࡧ₶⁥Ἔࡣ༙㏱᫂࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞୍㐃ࡢ⏬ീฎ⌮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ྠ㍈
ཷࡢ 2 㔜Ἔ⭷ࡢほᐹࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋࡓ㸬

Outerclearance

Oil portjournalInner
clearance

Floating bushFig.1 Floating bush bearing
Gas phaseGas phase

Oil film
Oil film(B) Inner clearance(A) Outer clearance
Fig.3 CT image of floating bush bearing†:shinpei.k.tokaiuni@gmail.com:24㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮࢔ࢡࣜࣝ⟶ SCR ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ࢞ࢫ࣭ᾮ⁲ᣲືࡢྍど໬ᮡᒣ ┤㍤*1㸪ⴠྜ ᡂ⾜*2͊*1ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ᶵᲔᕤᏛᑓᨷ
*2 ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ

ᕤᏛ㒊 ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨ 㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴ࡢᬑཬࡀྉࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉㸪᪂⯆ᅜ࡛ࡣ࢖ࣥࣇࣛᩚഛࡸ㎰ᴗⓎᒎࡢຍ㏿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᘓᶵࡸ㎰⪔ᶵࡢಖ᭷ྎᩘࡣᛴቑࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪௒ᚋࡶࢹ࢕࣮ࢮ࢚ࣝࣥࢪࣥࡢ㟂せࡣྑ⫪ୖࡀࡾ࡟ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜ண
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪᤼࢞ࢫࡢᚋฎ⌮⿦⨨ࡀ௜࠸ࡓ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗౯࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪᪤Ꮡࡢᚋฎ⌮⿦⨨ࡢᶵᵓࢆ⡆᫆࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࢀࡤ㸪౯᱁ࢆᢚ࠼ࡿ࡜ඹ࡟᪂⯆ᅜࡢ᤼࢞ࢫ࡟ࡼࡿ⿕ᐖࡢᢚไ࡟ᐤ୚࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡓ㸬⚾ࡀὀ┠ࡋࡓࡢࡣᒀ⣲ SCR㸦㑅ᢥ㑏ඖゐ፹㸧ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㸪NOx ࡢί໬ຠ⋡ࡀ 90%௨ୖ࡜㠀ᖖ࡟㧗ࡃ㸪
ᦚ㍕ࡋࡓ㌴ࡢ⇞㈝ᛶ⬟ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿ฼Ⅼࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᒀ⣲Ỉࢆᄇ㟝ࡋ㸪⇕ศゎ࣭ຍỈศゎ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ࢔ࣥࣔࢽ࢔࡜ NOx ࢆゐ፹࡟࡚཯ᛂࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛↓ᐖ࡞❅⣲࡜Ỉ࡟㑏ඖࡍࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᄇ㟝ࡉࢀࡓᒀ⣲ỈࡀẼ໬ࡋࡁࢀࡎ࡟ᅛ໬ࡋ㸪㓄⟶ෆࡢ⮳ࡿᡤ࡛┠ワࡲࡾࡸሁ✚ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸬ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡢゎỴ࡟ࡣ㸪ࣈࣛࢵࢡ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᤼Ẽ⟶ෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᾮ⁲ࡢᣲືࡸ▷࠸᫬㛫࡛ᒀ⣲ỈࢆẼ໬ࡉࡏࡿຠ⋡ࡢಁ㐍᪉ἲࡀᚲせ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫼ᬒࡢୗ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᄇ㟝ࡉࢀࡓᾮ⁲ᣲືࡢᢕᥱ࠾ࡼࡧᨵၿ࡜ᾮ⁲ࡢẼ໬ಁ㐍࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿ
ᡭἲࡢᥦ᱌ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪࢔ࢡࣜࣝ⟶〇ࡢ SCR ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᶍᨃ⿦⨨㸦ᅗ 1㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࢞ࢫ࣭ᾮ⁲ᣲືࢆྍど໬ࡋࡓ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᚓࡽࢀࡓ࢞ࢫ࣭ᾮ⁲ᣲືࡢྍど໬⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 2 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬ྠᅗࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪㧗㏿ᗘ࣓࢝ࣛࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛᤼⟶ෆࢆὶࢀࡿ࢞ࢫ࣭ᾮ⁲ࡢヲ⣽࡞ᣲືࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ྍど໬⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪ᄇ㟝ࡉࢀࡓᾮ⁲ࡀᅗ 1(a)࡟♧ࡋࡓ✵Ẽὶࢀ࡟஌ࡗ࡚෇⟶ᚋ᪉ࡲ࡛ὶࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿࡀ㸪ᐇ㦂ᚋࡣᄇ㟝ࡉࢀࡓ኱ࡁ࡞⢏ᚄࡢᾮ⁲࡟ࡼࡾ෇⟶ୗ᪉࡟ᾮ⁀ࡲࡾࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪័ᛶຊࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡓࡵ࡟࢞ࢫὶࢀ࡟㏫ࡽ࠺ᣲືࢆ♧ࡍᾮ⁲ࡀᒀ⣲ᯒฟࡢཎᅉ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᐇ㦂᮲௳㸦ෆᅽ㸪᤼⟶ᗘ㸪✵Ẽὶ㔞➼㸧ࢆኚ࠼ࡓྍど໬⤖ᯝ࡜ PIV ィࡸ⢏ᚄᐃࡢゎᯒᢏ⾡ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛᭦࡟ヲ⣽࡞᪤Ꮡ〇ရࡢᨵၿⅬࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪㧗㏿࡞⌧㇟ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿྍど໬ᢏ⾡ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᒀ⣲ SCR ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢࡳ࡛࡞ࡃ௚ࡢ〇ရ࡟ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡋ㸪ே㛫ࡢ┠࡛ࡣᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸⌧㇟ࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛〇ရࡢタィ࣭㛤Ⓨࡢᣦᶆࢆ♧ࡍ᭷⏝࡞ᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ㸬Fig.
ig 1 Schematic
S hi off acrylic
yli urea SC
SCR simulatori lFig. 2(a)Fig
2(a) Gas flow
Fig. 2(b) Behavior of injected droplets
Fig
Fig. 2 Visualization results by high-speed camera
͊㐃⤡ඛ(PDLOQDRNLBVXJL\DPD#KRSHWRNDLXMS

25

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮㧗Ⲵ㔜ୗࡢࢺࣛࢡࢩࣙࣥࢻࣛ࢖ࣈ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢྍど໬͊ᖹ ຬே*㸪ⴠྜ ᡂ⾜**ᕤᏛ㒊 ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉ ⴠྜ◊✲ᐊⓎ⾲ࡢせ᪨ࢺࣛࢡࢩࣙࣥࢻࣛ࢖ࣈࡣ₶⁥Ἔࢆ௓ࡋࡓ㌿ࡀࡾ᥋ゐ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ືຊࢆఏ㐩ࡍࡿ⿦⨨࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ⿦⨨ࡣṑࡢ↓࠸㌿ືయࢆ⏝࠸࡚ືຊఏ㐩ࢆ⾜࠺ᵓ㐀ୖ㸪㦁㡢࡜᣺ືࡢ኱ᖜ࡞పῶࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡼࡾ㧗㏿ᅇ㌿࡛ືຊఏ㐩ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴ࡸᐙᗞ⏝ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡼ࠺࡟ே࡜ࡢ㊥㞳ࡀ㏆ࡃ㸪㟼࠿࡛᣺
ືࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿᶵᲔࡢ㥑ື㒊࡟᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࢺࣛࢡࢩࣙࣥࢻࣛ࢖ࣈ࡛ࡣ㌿ືయ㛫ࡢ᥋ゐ㒊ࡢᚋ᪉࡛࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿẼ┦ࡢ㡿ᇦࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣ㸪ࢺࣛࢡࢩࣙࣥࢻࣛ࢖ࣈ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ
ணࡉࢀࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪㐟ᫍᘧࢺࣛࢡࢩࣙࣥࢻࣛ࢖ࣈࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪㌿ࡀࡾ᪉ྥ࡟ᑐࡋ」ᩘࡢ᥋ゐ㒊ࡀ୍┤⥺ୖ࡟୪ࡪሙྜ㸪࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㌿ࡀࡾ᪉ྥࡢ㛗ࡉ㸦௨ୗ㸪࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㛗ࡉ࡜⛠ࡍ㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᚋ㒊࡜ḟࡢ᥋ゐ㒊ࡀ㔜࡞ࡾ㸪┤᥋᥋ゐࢆ㉳ࡇࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩ
ࣙࣥ࡜Ἔ⭷እࡢ኱Ẽࡀ᥋⥆ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪Ἔ⭷ᚋ㒊ࡀ◚᩿ࡋ࡚ḟࡢ᥋ゐ㒊࡟౪⤥ࡉࢀࡿ₶⁥Ἔ㔞࠾ࡼࡧἜ⭷ཌࡉࡀῶᑡࡍࡿၥ㢟ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࢺࣛࢡࢩࣙࣥࢻࣛ࢖ࣈ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆྍど໬ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᛶ㉁ࢆᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせᛶࡣ㧗࠸࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ᪤Ꮡࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣᐇ⏝໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢺࣛࢡ
ࢩࣙࣥࢻࣛ࢖ࣈࡢ㐠㌿᮲௳࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ᴟࡵ࡚పⲴ㔜ࡲࡓࡣప࿘㏿ࡢ᮲௳࡛ྍど໬ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡼࡾ㧗Ⲵ㔜㧗࿘㏿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛶ㉁ࢆᣢࡘ࠿ࡣศ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࡼࡾᐇ⏝ⓗ࡞㐠㌿᮲௳࡟㏆࡙ࡅࡓࢺࣛࢡࢩࣙࣥࢻࣛ࢖ࣈ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙ
ࣥ≉ᛶࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬 ◊✲ෆᐜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㧗Ⲵ㔜ࡢ㐠㌿᮲௳ୗ࡛ 2 ࡘࡢᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬
1 ࡘ┠ࡢᐇ㦂ࡣ㸪」ᩘࡢⲴ㔜ࡢ᮲௳ୗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࿘㏿ࡈ࡜ࡢ࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㛗ࡉࡢᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᐇ

㦂࡟࠾࠸࡚Ⲵ㔜ࡢ᮲௳ࡣ 500N㸪750N㸪1000N ࡢ 3 ࡘ࡟タᐃࡋࡓ㸬࿘㏿ࡢ᮲௳࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣྛⲴ㔜ࡢ᮲௳࡛࿘㏿ 0.1m/s ࠿ࡽἜ⭷ࡀ◚᩿ࡍࡿ࿘㏿ࡲ࡛ 0.1m/s ቑຍࡉࡏࡓ㸬ࡶ࠺ 1 ࡘࡢᐇ㦂ࡣ㸪ྛⲴ㔜᮲௳ୗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
Ἔ⭷◚᩿ࡢྍど໬࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᐇ㦂࡟࠾ࡅࡿⲴ㔜ࡢ᮲௳ࡣ 1 ࡘ┠ࡢᐇ㦂࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓྛⲴ㔜ࡢ᮲௳ࡈ࡜ࡢ࿘㏿ࡢ᮲௳ࡣ 1 ࡘ┠ࡢᐇ㦂࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀἜ⭷◚᩿ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ࿘㏿࡟タᐃࡋࡓ㸬௨ୖࡢᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ḟࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡎ࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㛗ࡉࡢᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬

Fig.1 ࡟ྛⲴ㔜ࡢ᮲௳ୗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࿘㏿ࡈ࡜ࡢ࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㛗ࡉࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ྠᅗࡼࡾ㸪1m/s ௨ୗࡢ᮲௳࡛
ࡣ࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㛗ࡉࡣ࿘㏿࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ቑຍࡍࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⣙ 1m/s ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ࡜㸪࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀ㏫
࡟⦰ᑠࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬Fig.2 ࡟Ἔ⭷ࡢ◚᩿ࡢྍど໬ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ୰ࡢ⥳ࡢ⥺ࡣ㸪኱Ẽ࡜ࡢቃ⏺ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ྠᅗࡼࡾ㸪࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ࿘ᅖ࡟࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢᗈࡉࡢἜ⭷ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶἜ⭷ࡢᚋ㒊࠿ࡽ኱Ẽࡀᙉไⓗ࡟྾࠸㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜᥋⥆㸪Ἔ⭷ࡀ◚᩿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬(a)Figure1.Cavitation length with peripheral velocity
at each load

26

(b)

(c)

Figure2.Visualization of oil film breaks(d)㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䜰䞊䜽ຍ⇕㢼Ὕ䜢⏝䛔䛯Ⅳ⣲⣔ᮦᩱ࿘䜚䛾䝥䝷䝈䝬Ẽὶ䛾ศගデ᩿͊ᆤෆၨᬂ*㸪ྂ㢌㱟ኴ**㸪ᒣ⏣๛἞**㸪
ᇼෆ⩧㤿***㸪ᒸᮧ㥴ኴ***㸪ᆏᮏ᠇୍***㸪ᕝῧ༤ග****ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ᶵᲔᕤᏛᑓᨷ
 **ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉***㫽ྲྀ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ᣢ⥆ᛶ♫఍๰⏕⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ᕤᏛᑓᨷⓎ⾲ࡢせ᪨ ㏆ᖺࡢᏱᐂ◊✲ศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ JAXA ࡢࠕࡣࡸࡪࡉ㸰ࠖࡸ NASA ࡢࠕOSIRIS-RExࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑠᝨᫍ᥈
ᰝᶵ࡟ࡼࡿࢧࣥࣉࣝࣜࢱ࣮࣑ࣥࢵࢩࣙࣥࡀ┒ࢇ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢧࣥࣉࣝᅇ཰࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡀ኱Ẽᅪ࡟෌✺ධࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣ 10km/s ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ㠀ᖖ࡟㏿࠸㏿ᗘ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ᶵయ๓᪉࡟ࡣᙉ࠸⾪ᧁἼࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ࢝
ࣉࢭࣝ๓᪉ࡢ⾪ᧁᒙෆࡢᗘࡣ 10000K ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿཝࡋ࠸⇕✵ຊ⎔ቃ࡟ࡉࡽࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪CFRP ࢔ࣈ࣮ࣞࢱ

➼ࡢ⇕㜵ᚚࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸦TPS㸧ࡀ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬TPS ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢᛶ⬟ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ຍ⇕㢼Ὕࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⪏⇕ヨ㦂ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬୰࡛ࡶ෌✺ධ㣕⾜᫬ࡢຍ⇕⋡࡜ྠ➼ࡢ⎔ቃࢆ㛗᫬㛫⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࢔࣮ࢡຍ⇕㢼Ὕࡣ⪏⇕ᛶࡢヨ㦂࡟㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵከࡃ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪࢔࣮ࢡຍ⇕㢼Ὕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡓࣉࣛࢬ࣐ὶࡣ⇕ⓗ࣭໬Ꮫⓗ㠀ᖹ⾮ᛶࡀᙉࡃ㸪ཝᐦ࡞Ẽὶ≉ᛶࡣゎ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐇ㣕⾜⎔ቃ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ㢼Ὕ≉᭷ࡢ⌧㇟ࢆㄪᰝࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࢆィ⟬࡟ࡼࡾぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ
ࢀࡤ㸪ᆅୖヨ㦂࡟ࡼࡿᐇ㣕⾜⎔ቃࡢணࢆ㧗⢭ᗘ࡟⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ ISAS/JAXA ࡢಖ᭷ࡍࡿ 1MW ࢔࣮ࢡຍ⇕㢼Ὕࢆ⏝࠸㸪㢼Ὕࡢࣉࣛࢬ࣐Ẽὶ≉ᛶㄪᰝ࠾ࡼࡧ
㢼ὝࡢẼὶ୰࡟ᢞධࡉࢀࡓ౪ヨయ࿘ࡾࡢ⇕໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ࡟ὀ┠ࡋ㸪⣸እ-ྍど-㏆㉥እ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡢศගィ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࢔࣮ࢡ㢼Ὕ࡟࠾ࡅࡿẼὶࡸ౪ヨయ࿘ࡾࡢ⌧㇟ࡢㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᫖ᖺᗘࡢᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪ᆅ⌫኱Ẽ✺ධ᫬ࡢ⇕㜵ᚚࢩࢫࢸ࣒࿘ࡾࡢ⌧㇟ࢆ༢⣧໬ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ヨ㦂Ẽయ࡟❅⣲㸪౪ヨయ࡟ࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺࢆ⏝࠸ࡓィࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪⾪ᧁἼ㠃࠿ࡽ౪ヨయ⾲㠃ࡲ࡛ࡢⓎගࡢ✵㛫ⓗศᕸࢆィࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋ㸪౪

ヨయ⾲㠃࡛⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿ཯ᛂ≀ࡢⓎගᙉᗘࡀ᫬㛫ⓗ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⌧㇟ࡀⓎぢࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࣇ࢕ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢἲ࡟ࡼࡾẼὶ୰ࡢ໬Ꮫ✀ࡈ࡜࡟ࡶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮‽఩ࡢศᕸࡸ㠀ᖹ⾮ᛶ࡟㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ஦ࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓ㸬
ᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣ㸪௒ᖺࡢ 1 ᭶ཬࡧ 9 ᭶࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ሗ࿌ࢆ⾜࠺㸬ࡇࡢᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪᫖ᖺࡢᐇ㦂᮲௳ࢆࡼࡾᐇ㣕⾜⎔ቃ࡟㏆࡙ࡅࡿࡓࡵ㸪ヨ㦂Ẽయ࡟✵Ẽࢆ౑⏝ࡋ㸪౪ヨయ࡟ࡣࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺ࡜᪂
ࡓ࡟ C/C ࢥ࣏ࣥࢪࢵࢺࢆຍ࠼࡚ヨ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬Fig.2 Measurement system

Fig.1 Arc heated wind tunnel in ISAS/JAXA͊㐃⤡ඛ(PDLOEHPP#FFXWRNDLDFMS

27

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮ᴟ㉸㡢㏿㣕⾜࡟ྥࡅࡓ཯ᑕᆺ⾪ᧁ㢼ὝࡢẼὶㄪᰝ͊⡘ ៞ḟ㑻*, ͊஭ୖ ᬛோ*, Juanra Llobet** ,ᒣ⏣ ๛἞****ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ᶵᲔᕤᏛᑓᨷ
**ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉ ᒣ⏣◊✲ᐊ ༤ኈ◊✲ဨ***ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉ ෸ᩍᤵ

Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨
⥴ゝ
㏆ᖺ㻘㻌 ୡ⏺ྛᅜ䛾⯟✵Ᏹᐂᴗ⏺䠄NASA, JAXA, ESA䠅䛷⬮ග䜢ᾎ䜃䛶䛔䜛⯟✵ᶵ䛸䛧䛶㻘㻌 ᪑ᐈ┠ⓗ䛾ᴟ㉸㡢㏿ᶵ䛜䛒䜛㻚㻌 ᴟ㉸㡢㏿ᶵ䛿㻘㻌 ⯟⾜㏿ᗘ䛜䝬䝑䝝ᩘ 5 ௨ୖ㻔᫬㏿⣙ 6200 䜻䝻䝯䞊䝖䝹௨ୖ㻕䛷䛾㣕⾜䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜚㻘㻌ኴᖹὒ䜢∦㐨⣙ 2䡚3 ᫬㛫䛷ᶓ᩿䛷䛝䜛㻚㻌䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶㻘㻌ᑗ᮶ⓗ䛻ᴟ㉸㡢㏿ᶵ䜢᪑ᐈ┠ⓗ䛷㐠⏝䛧䜘䛖䛸㻘㻌ྛᅜ䛷◊✲䞉㛤Ⓨ䛜⾜䜟䜜䛶䛚䜚㻘㻌 ᫖௒䛾䝙䝳䞊䝇䛷䛿㻘 2018 ᖺ 7 ᭶䛻 Boeing ♫䛜ᴟ㉸㡢㏿᪑ᐈᶵ䛾䝁䞁䝉䝥
䝖䜢Ⓨ⾲䛩䜛䛺䛹⯟✵ᴗ⏺䛻䛚䛡䜛ὀ┠ᗘ䛾㧗䛥䛜❚䛘䜛㻚㻌 䛛䛴䛶㻘㻌 JAXA 䛷䜒Ᏹᐂ 㑏ᢏ⾡ヨ㦂ᶵ㻔HOPEX㻕䛸䛔䛖ィ⏬䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧㻘㻌 䛭䛾୰䛷 1996 ᖺ䛻ᴟ㉸㡢㏿㣕⾜ᐇ㦂䛸䛧䛶 HYFLEX 䛜ᡴ䛱ୖ䛢䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䛜㻘䛭䛾ィ⏬䛿෾⤖䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌 䛧䛛䛧㻘㻌 ෌䜃᪥ᮏ䛷䜒ᴟ㉸㡢㏿ᶵ䛾◊✲䞉㛤Ⓨ䛜⾜䜟䜜㻘㻌 ⌧ᅾ JAXA 䛷䛿ᴟ㉸㡢㏿᪑ᐈᶵ䛾㛤Ⓨィ⏬䜒㐍䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌 ᴟ㉸㡢㏿ᶵయ䛾◊✲䞉㛤Ⓨ䛿㻘ᮏ᮶䛷䛒䜜䜀ᐇ㝿䛻ᶵయ䜢㣕䜀䛩ᐇᶵヨ㦂䜢⾜䛖䛜Ⳙ኱䛺㈨㔠䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜚㻘㻌 ᐇ㦂ᅇᩘ䜢䛣䛺䛩䛣䛸䛜㠀ᖖ䛻㞴䛧䛔㻚㻌 䛭䜜䛻ຍ䛘㻘㻌 ᴟ㉸㡢㏿㡿ᇦ䛷ᶵయ䛻Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛✵ຊຍ⇕䛺䛹䛾≀⌮⌧㇟䛿ᮍゎ᫂䛺㒊ศ䜢ከᩘྵ䜣䛷䛔䜛㻚㻌 䛭䛾㏿ᗘ㡿ᇦ䛾⌧㇟䜢ゎ᫂䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿㻘㻌 ᐇ㦂ᅇᩘ䜢㔜䛽ከ䛟䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢ྲྀᚓ䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛㻚㻌 䛭䛣䛷㻘㻌 䜘䜚⌧ᐇⓗ䛺ヨ㦂᪉ἲ䛸䛧䛶ᐇᶵヨ㦂䛻ẚ䜉,ప䝁䝇䝖䛛䛴䝕䞊䝍䛾⏕⏘ᛶ䛜㧗䛔㢼Ὕヨ㦂䛜᭷⏝䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌 䜖䛘䛻ᮏ◊✲ᐊ䛷䛿᫖ᖺᗘ㻘ᴟ㉸㡢㏿㣕⾜⎔ቃ䜢▐㛫ⓗ䛻ᶍᨃ䛷䛝䜛཯ᑕᆺ⾪ᧁ㢼Ὕ䠄Reflected Shock Tunnel䠅䛾㛤Ⓨ䜢⾜䛳䛯㻚㻌 䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶㻘㻌 䛭䛾㣕⾜⎔ቃ䜢ᶍᨃ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻 RST 䜢⏝䛔䛶⏕ᡂ䛷䛝䜛Ẽὶ䛾≉ᛶㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛖ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛㻚㻌 䛭䛾≉ᛶ䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿㻘ほ 㒊ෆ䛷䛾Ⓨ⏕Ẽὶ㏿ᗘ䜢䜘䜚㏿䛟䛧㻘㻌 ᣢ⥆᫬㛫䜢ቑຍ䛥䛫䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔㻚 D. W. Holder 䛸 D. L.
Schultz 䜙䛾◊✲䛻䜘䜛䛸㻘㻌RST 䛾ほ 㒊䛷䛾Ẽὶ㏿ᗘཬ䜃ᣢ⥆᫬㛫䛿㻘㻌㢼Ὕ➃㒊䛾䝜䝈䝹ධཱྀ๓䛷Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛ධᑕ⾪ᧁἼ䛸཯ᑕ⾪ᧁἼ䛾㛵ಀᛶ䛜῝䛟㛵䜟䛳䛶䛟䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌 䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶㻘㻌 䛭䛾㛵ಀᛶ䜢▱䜛䛯䜑䛻ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿ᐇ㦂䛷ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䝕䞊䝍䛸䜽䜲䞊䞁䝈䝷䞁䝗኱Ꮫ䛾ᅽ⦰ᛶὶయゎᯒ䝁䞊䝗 Eilmer3 䜢䝧䞊䝇䛻ᮏ◊✲ᐊᡤ᭷䛾 RST 䛻㐺⏝䛥䛫䛯ゎᯒ䝁䞊䝗䜢⏝䛔䛶ᚓ䜙䜜䜛ゎᯒ್䝕䞊䝍䛸䛾ẚ㍑䜢⾜䛔㻘㻌 䛭䛣䛛䜙ᚓ䜙䜜䛯▱ぢ䜢ᇶ䛻ᑗ᮶ⓗ䛻 RST 䜢⏝䛔䛯ᴟ㉸㡢㏿㡿ᇦ䛾≉ᛶ䛾ᐇ⌧䜢┠ᣦ䛩㻚ᐇ㦂⿦⨨ᮏ◊✲ᐊᡤ᭷䛾཯ᑕᆺ⾪ᧁ㢼Ὕ䛿㻘㻌 ㈓Ẽᵴ㻘㻌 ᅽ⦰⟶㻘㻌 పᅽ⟶㻘㻌 ᴟ㉸㡢㏿䝜䝈䝹㻘㻌 ほ㒊㻘㻌 ┿✵䝍䞁䜽䛷ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䜛㻚㻌సືཎ⌮䛿௨ୗ䛾㏻䜚䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌㈓Ẽᵴ䛻㧗ᅽ䛾✵Ẽ䜢඘ሸ䛩䜛㻚㻌䜎䛯㻘㻌ᅽ⦰⟶䛻䛿䝦䝸䜴䝮㻘㻌పᅽ⟶䛻✵Ẽ䜢᪤ᐃ䛾ᅽຊ䛷ධ䜜䛶䛚䛟㻚㻌 ㈓Ẽᵴ䛾ᛴ㛤ᘚ䜢㛤䛟䛣䛸䛷㧗ᅽ✵Ẽ䛜ᅽ⦰⟶➃䛻䛒䜛⮬⏤䝢䝇䝖䞁䜢ᢲ䛧㻘㻌 㥑ື䛥䛫䜛㻚㻌 䝢䝇䝖䞁䛿ᅽ⦰⟶ෆ䜢⛣ື䛧䛺䛜䜙๓᪉䛾䝦䝸䜴䝮䜢ᅽ⦰䛧㻘㻌 㧗ᅽ䛻䛩䜛㻚㻌 㧗ᅽ䝦䝸䜴䝮䛜ᅽ⦰⟶䛸పᅽ⟶䛾㛫䛻ᤄධ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㝸⭷䜢▐㛫ⓗ䛻◚⭷䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛷㻘㻌 ⾪ᧁἼ䛜పᅽ⟶ෆ䛻ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䜛㻚㻌 ⾪ᧁἼ䛿పᅽ⟶ෆ䛾✵Ẽ䛾

ᗘ䛸ᅽຊ䜢ୖ᪼䛥䛫㻘㻌 ୗὶ᪉ྥ䜈ఏ᧛䛧㻘㻌 ὶ䜜䜢ㄏ㉳䛩䜛㻚㻌 పᅽ⟶ෆ䛾✵Ẽ䛾ᅽຊୖ᪼䛻䜘䜚䝜䝈䝹ධཱྀ䛾䝉䝻䝝䞁⭷䛜◚⭷䛧㻘㻌 䝜䝈䝹ෆ䜈㧗ᅽ✵Ẽ䛜ὶ䜜㎸䜐㻚㻌 㧗ᅽ✵Ẽ䛜䝜䝈䝹䜢㏻䜛䛣䛸䛷⭾ᙇ䛧ຍ㏿䛥䜜㻘㻌ほ㒊䛷Ẽὶ䜢⏕ᡂ䛩䜛⿦⨨䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌Fig2. ཯ᑕᆺ⾪ᧁ㢼Ὕࡢ⡆␎ᅗ

Fig1. ᮏ◊✲ᐊᡤ᭷ࡢ཯ᑕᆺ⾪ᧁ㢼Ὕ͊⡘ ៞ḟ㑻ЍUHGDOH[#JPDLOFRP஭ୖ ᬛோЍEHPP#FFXWRNDLDFMS

28

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮

Micro Surface Roughness ࡢᙧ≧ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀࢦࣝࣇ࣮࣎ࣝࡢ✵ຊ≉ᛶ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪͊ᰘ⏣ᗣᖹ*㸪ᒸỌ༤ኵ***ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ᶵᲔᕤᏛᑓᨷ **ᮾᾏ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉
Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨
1. ⥴ゝ
⌫ᢏ࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿ࣮࣎ࣝ࡟ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ≉ᚩⓗ࡞⾲㠃ᵓ㐀ࡀ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀ㣕⩧㌶㐨࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶࢦࣝࣇ࣮࣎ࣝࡣࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡃࡰࡳࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪࣮࣎ࣝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉ
ࣝࡢᩘ㸪኱ࡁࡉ㸪ᙧ≧ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪➇ᢏ⪅ࡣ⮬ศ࡟ྜࡗࡓ࣮࣎ࣝࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ᭱㏆ࡢഴྥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝࡢෆእ࡟ MSR(Micro Surface Roughness)࡜࠸࠺ᑠࡉ࡞ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝࡀ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ࣎
࣮ࣝࡀ⏕⏘ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣮࣎ࣝࡣ㏻ᖖࡢࢦࣝࣇ࣮࣎ࣝࡼࡾࡶ㣕⩧㊥㞳ࡀఙࡧࡿ࡜࠸ࢃࢀ㸪MSR
࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ఀ⸨Ặࡽࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣྠࡌࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝᩘ࡛ MSR ᭷↓࡟ࡼࡿࢦࣝࣇ࣮࣎ࣝ࿘ࡾࡢὶࢀࡢྍど໬ࢆ⾜࠸㸪(1)

PIV ゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ 㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪MSR ࢆ᪋ࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࣮࣎ࣝ⾲㠃ࡢὶ㏿ࡀ㏿ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢ✵ຊ≉ᛶࡣᮍゎ࡛᫂࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪MSR ࡢ௚ࡢᙧ≧ࡢ✵ຊ≉ᛶࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞
࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲ࡣ Nike ♫ࡢ RZN TOUR2016 ࡜ BRIDGESTON ♫ࡢ TOUR B ࢆཧ⪃࡟సᡂࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝ
࣮࣎ࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚㢼Ὕᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡿ↓ᅇ㌿᫬ࡢᢠຊᐃᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠸㸪MSR ࡀࢦࣝࣇ࣮࣎ࣝࡢ✵ຊ≉ᛶ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬
2. ᐇ㦂⿦⨨ཬࡧ᪉ἲ
2.1 ᐇ㦂⌫ Fig.1 ࡟ᮏᐇ㦂࡛౑⏝ࡋࡓᐇ㦂⌫ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࣔࢹ࣮ࣝ࣎ࣝࡣ඲࡚ 3D ࣉࣜࣥࢱ࣮࡛సᡂࡋ㸪⌫┤ᚄࡣ 110mm
࡛࠶ࡿ㸬Nike ♫ࡢ RZN TOUR2016 ࢆᇶ࡟సᡂࡋࡓࡢࡀ D1.0RZN พ㸪BRIDGESTON ♫ࡢ TOUR B ࢆᇶ࡟సᡂࡋࡓࡢࡀ D1.0TOURB ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬MSR ࡢẚ㍑ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝࡢࡳ࡜ MSR ฝࡢ࣮࣎ࣝ㸪ࡲࡓࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝࡢ῝ࡉࢆ༙ศ࡟ࡋࡓࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝ῝ࡉ 0.5mm ࡢ࣮࣎ࣝࢆసᡂࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾ᮏᐇ㦂࡟࠾࠸࡚῝ࡉ
1.0mm ࡛ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝࡢࡳࡢ࣮࣎ࣝࡣ D1.0w/oMSR㸪ࢼ࢖࢟♫ࡢ RZN TOUR2016 ࢆᇶ࡟ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝෆ࡟
MSR พࢆ᪋ࡋࡓ࣮࣎ࣝࡣ D1.0RZN พ㸪MSR ฝࡀ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ࣮࣎ࣝࡣ D1.0RZN ฝ࡜⛠ࡍ㸬ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝ῝ࡉ
0.5mm ࡶྠᵝ࡟ D0.5w/oMSR㸪D0.5RZN พ㸪D0.5RZN ฝ࡜⛠ࡍ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪BRIDGESTON ♫ࡢ TOUR B ࢆᇶ࡟ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝෆ࡟ࢹࣗ࢔ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝࡀ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ࣮࣎ࣝࡣ D1.0TOUR B ࡜⛠ࡍ㸬

Fig.2 Schematic of RZN TOUR

Fig.1 Experimental balls

Fig.3 Schematic of Tour B29㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮

2.2 ᢠຊ

ᐃᐇ㦂 Fig.4 ࡟㢼Ὕ⿦⨨ཬࡧ࣡࢖࣮ࣖᆺᨭᣢἲࡢᴫ␎ᅗࢆ♧ࡍ㸬㢼Ὕࡢ྿ࡁฟࡋཱྀࡣ 400400mm ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࣔࢹ࣮ࣝ࣎ࣝࡣ࣮࣎ࣝࡢ᭤㠃࡟ྜࢃࡏࡓཌࡉ 0.8mm㸪ȭ32mm ࡢ PLA ᶞ⬡ࢆ᥋╔๣࡛ྲྀࡾ௜ࡅ㸪┤ᚄ 5mm
ࡢࢫࢸࣥࣞࢫ㗰〇ࡢ୰ᐇᲬࢆ௓ࡋ࡚㸪┤ᚄ 2mm ࡢ㖡〇࣡࢖࣮࡛ࣖ 500mm560mm ࡢࣇ࣮࣒ࣞࡢ୰ᚰ࡛
ᅛᐃࡉࢀ㸪ࣇ࣮࣒ࣞࡣ㢼Ὕ྿ࡁฟࡋཱྀ࠿ࡽ࣮࣎ࣝࡢඛ➃ࡲ࡛ࡀ 90mm ࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㢼㏿ࡣ 0㹼60m/s㸪஘ࢀᗘ 0.3%࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࣮࣎ࣝཬࡧ࣡࢖࣮ࣖ࡟࠿࠿ࡿຊࡣṍᆺ୕ศຊィ࡜ࢭࣥࢧ࣮࢖ࣥࢱ࣮
ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫࢆ௓ࡋ࡚
࡟ᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸬ᮏᐇ㦂ࡢࣞ࢖ࣀࣝࢬᩘࡣ Re=0.6×105㹼3.6×105 ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛㸪Re=0.2×105 ࡈ࡜

ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of wind tunnel and wire support
3. ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝ῝ࡉ 1.0mm ࡢࣔࢹ࣮ࣝ࣎ࣝࡢᢠຊ

ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ Fig.5 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬Fig.5 ࡼࡾ⮫⏺ࣞ࢖ࣀࣝࢬᩘࡣ

ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝయ✚ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝పࣞ࢖ࣀࣝࢬᩘ࡟᥎⛣ࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝ῝ࡉ 1.0mm ࡢሙྜ㸪㉸⮫⏺
㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᢠຊಀᩘࡣ MSR ࡟ࡼࡿᕪࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ MSR ࡼࡾࡶࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝ
ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࠿ࡽࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝ῝ࡉ 0.5mm ࡢࣔࢹ࣮ࣝ࣎ࣝࡢᢠຊ

ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ Fig.6 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬Fig.6 ࡼࡾ⮫ᾏ㡿ᇦࡣࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝయ✚ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝పࣞ࢖ࣀࣝࢬᩘ࡟᥎⛣ࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㉸⮫⏺㡿ᇦࡢᢠຊಀᩘࡣ D0.5RZN ฝ㸪D0.5RZN ฝ㸪D0.5w/oMSR ࡢ㡰࡟㧗࠸್ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬

0.6

0.6

D1.0TOUR B
D1.0w/oMSR
D1.0RZNพ
D1.0RZNฝ

0.5

0.4

0.3

CD

CD

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0

1

2
Re

D0.5w/oMSR
D0.5RZNพ
D0.5RZNฝ

0.5

0

3
5

[u10 ]

Fig.5 Drag coefficient of model ball of depth 1mm

1

2
Re

3
5

[u10 ]

Fig.6 Drag coefficient of model ball of depth 0.5 mm

4. ⤖ゝ
㉸⮫⏺㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᢠຊಀᩘࡣࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝ῝ࡉ 1.0mm ࡢሙྜ㸪MSR ᭷↓࡟ࡼࡿᕪࡣᑠࡉࡃ㸪ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝ῝ࡉ 0.5mm ࡢሙྜ㸪MSR ࢆ᪋ࡍ࡜኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩(1) ఀ⸨ಙ୍㑻, ྂ㈡ὒᑗ, ୰ᓥ▱ᾈ, ᖹሯᑗ㉳, ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ␗࡞ࡿࢦࣝࣇ࣮࣎ࣝࡢὶࢀࡢ㐪࠸㸪᪥ᮏᶵᲔᏛ఍[No.16-40]ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘:ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᕤᏛ㺃ࣄ࣮࣐ࣗࣥࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫ 2016, ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟[2016.11.9-11.11 ᒣᙧ]30㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮ࣇ࢛ࢺࢡ࣑ࣟࢬ࣒ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᾮయ⭷ࡢὶࢀྍど໬࣭ィ ᡭἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡜࢚ࣥࢪࣥࣆࢫࢺࣥ࿘ࡾࡢ࢜࢖ࣝ㍺㏦⌧㇟࡬ࡢᛂ⏝͊␁ὠ ᫛ᙪ*㸪ᑠᕝ ⯟ᖹ**㸪ⴠྜ ᡂ⾜**ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉**ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ᶵᲔᕤᏛᑓᨷⓎ⾲ࡢせ᪨࢚ࣥࢪࣥࢆጞࡵ࡜ࡋ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ᶵᲔࡀὶయࡢὶࢀࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ὶࢀࡢ᭱㐺໬ࡀᶵᲔࡢᛶ⬟ྥୖ࡟㔜せ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㏻ᖖࡢὶࢀሙ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ⢏Ꮚ⏬ീὶ㏿ィ PIV ࡀᐇ⏝໬ࡉࢀ࡚㐺⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㏆ᖺࡣ࣐
࢖ࢡࣟ PIV ࡶ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚ᚤᑠὶ㊰ෆࡢὶࢀࡢィ࡟ࡶᛂ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ₶⁥Ἔ⭷࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢧࣈȣm ࠿ࡽᩘ༑ȣm ࡢᾮయ⭷࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢺ࣮ࣞࢧ࣮⢏Ꮚ࡜⭷ཌࡉࡀྠ⛬ᗘ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡓࡵ
࡟ PIV ࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ㐺ษ࡞ὶࢀࡢྍど໬࣭ィᾮయ⭷ࡢྍど໬㸪⭷ཌࡉࡢศᕸィ࠸ࡿ㸬ィࡉࢀࡿ⺯ගᙉᗘࡣᙉ࠸

ᡭἲࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬࡟ࡣ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ㄏ㉳⺯ගἲ LIF ࡀከ⏝ࡉࢀ㸪኱ࡁ࡞ᡂᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚

ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓᐃ㒊ࡢ཯ᑕ⋡࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢṇ☜࡞ᰯṇᐇ㦂࡜୎ᑀ࡞ᢅ࠸ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿⅬࡀࡸࡸ↹㞧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࡞࠾㸪⭷ࡢཌࡉ᪉ྥ
ࡢศゎ⬟ࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࣆࢫࢺࣥ࿘ࡾࡢἜ⭷ࢆ౛࡟ྲྀࡿ࡜㸪Ἔ⭷ࡀࣆࢫࢺࣥ㸪ࢩࣜࣥࢲࣛ࢖ࢼࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ
࡟௜╔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿㸪ࡑࢀ࡜ࡶ‶ࡕ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡞࡝ࡣุ᩿࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࡲࡓ㐃⥆ 2 ᫬้ࡢ LIF ⏬ീ࠿ࡽὶ㏿ศᕸࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪Ἔ⭷ཌࡉศᕸࡢᙧ≧ࡣኚ໬ࡏࡎ࡟⛣ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢ኱⫹࡞௬ㄝࡢୖ࡟ᡂࡾ❧ࡘ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⢭ᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᚑ᮶ࡢ᪉ἲࡢḞⅬࢆゎᾘࡍࡿᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ⴭ⪅ࡽࡣࣇ࢛ࢺࢡ࣑ࣟࢬ࣒⌧㇟ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓὶࢀࡢྍど໬ᡭἲࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ᙜึࡣ༢⣧࡞ὶࢀሙࡢྍど໬ィ࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࡔࡅࡢẁ㝵࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪2014 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ 5 ᖺィ⏬࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ SIP 㠉᪂ⓗ⇞↝ᢏ⾡ࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࢆ㐍ࡵ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢྍど໬࢚ࣥࢪࣥ࡟㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿࣞ࣋ࣝࡲ࡛㛤Ⓨࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬⌧ᅾࡣ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ࢜࢖ࣝࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ⇞ᩱ⭷ࡢྍど໬ࡸ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ௨እࡢᛂ⏝ඛ࡬ࡢᒎ㛤ࡶど㔝࡟ධࢀ࡚㛤Ⓨࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௨ୗ࡛ࡣᴫせࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬
ࣇ࢛ࢺࢡ࣑ࣟࢬ࣒࡜ࡣ⁐ᾮ࡟ග㸦୍⯡࡟ࡣ⣸እග㸧ࢆ↷ᑕࡍࡿ࡜⁐ᾮࡢ྾཰ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡀኚ໬ࡋ࡚╔Ⰽࡉࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࢆ⥲⛠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࣇ࢛ࢺࢡ࣑ࣟࢵࢡⰍ⣲ࢆ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ࢜࢖ࣝ࡞࡝ࡢ㐺ษ࡞ᾮయ࡟⁐ゎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᐇ⌧ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪╔Ⰽ㸪㏥Ⰽࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚෌฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿⅬࡀ኱ࡁ࡞≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓᮏ◊✲࡛୺࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓࣇ࢛ࢺࢡ࣑ࣟࢵࢡⰍ⣲࣭ࢫࣆࣟࣆࣛࣥࡢ╔Ⰽࡣ㸪╔Ⰽ┤ᚋࡢ╔Ⰽ⃰ᗘࡣཷࡅ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜㸪ࡲࡓ╔Ⰽᑑ࿨ࡣᗘࡢୖ᪼࡜࡜ࡶ࡟▷ࡃ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ᖖᗘ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ

࡛ᩘⓒ⛊㸪࢚ࣥࢪࣥࡢ࣮ࣔࢱࣜࣥ

ࢢヨ㦂࡛ከ⏝ࡉࢀࡿ 80Υ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ 0.5 ⛊⛬ᗘ࡜㸪࢚ࣥࢪࣥ࢔ࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡣ༑ศ࡟㛗࠸ᑑ࿨ࡀ࠶
ࡾ㸪࣐࣮࣮࢝࡜ࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࡟౑⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬╔ⰍࡣⓎග⌧㇟࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ↷᫂ගࡢ྾཰࡟ࡼࡿ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪⫼ᬒ࡜࡞ࡿ⾲㠃ࡢⰍࡸ཯ᑕ⋡㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣᙧ≧࡞࡝࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ㸬ࡲࡓἜ⭷ཌࡉࡀ᫬㛫ⓗ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿ㠀ᐃᖖ⌧㇟࡬ࡢ㐺⏝ࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬✀ࠎࡢ᳨ウࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࡇࢀࡽㄗᕪせᅉࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᴟຊ㍍ῶࡋ㸪╔Ⰽ⃰ᗘࢆ⢭ᗘⰋࡃ㸪ࡲࡓ᫂░࡟ᐃ㔞໬ࡍࡿࡓࡵ
࡟㸪2 ᫬้ 2 Ἴ㛗ฎ⌮ᡭἲ࡟ࡼࡿᐃ㔞໬ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ㸦≉チ⏦ㄳ୰㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡣ↷᫂ගࢆ྾཰ࡍࡿἼ㛗Ȣ2 ࡜↷᫂ගࢆ྾཰ࡋ࡞࠸Ἴ㛗Ȣ1 ࡢ 2 Ἴ㛗ࡢ⏬ീࢆ㸪╔Ⰽ๓㸦᫬้ 1㸧࡜╔Ⰽᚋ㸦᫬้ 2㸧ࡢ 2 ᫬้࡛᧜ᙳࡋ㸪ྜィ 4 ᯛࡢ⏬ീ࠿ࡽḟᘧ࡛╔Ⰽ⃰ᗘ࣭྾ගᗘࢆᐃ㔞໬ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚⟬ฟࡋࡓ྾ගᗘ
As ࡣἜ⭷ཌࡉ࡟Ⰻࡃẚ౛ࡋ㸪 ᐃ⾲㠃ࡢ཯ᑕ⋡ࡸⰍ㸪ᙧ≧࡞࡝࡟ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬31㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮ᮏᡭἲࢆྍど໬࢚ࣥࢪࣥ࡟㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᅗ 1 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬⣸እ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ගࢆ࢞ࣛࢫ
ࣛ࢖ࢼ࡟↷ᑕࡋ࡚Ἔ⭷ࢆ╔Ⰽࡋ㸪᧜ᙳ࡟ྠᮇࡋࡓࣇࣛࢵࢩࣗࣛ࢖ࢺ࡛↷᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⏬ീࡣ 2 ศᒱගᏛ⣔ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚㧗㏿ᗘࣅࢹ࡛࢜ࢡࣛࣥࢡゅᗘ࡟ྠᮇࡋ࡚᧜ᙳࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ
ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢᐇ౛ࢆ௨ୗ࡟⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪㏻ᖖࡣࣆࢫࢺࣥୖࡢἜ⭷⛣ືࡀࡁࢃࡵ࡚㐜࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸯ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡟ 1ᅇࢭ࢝ࣥࢻࣛࣥࢻ୰ኸ㒊࡟࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ↷ᑕࡋ࡚╔Ⰽࡋ㸪ࣆࢫࢺࣥࡀྠࡌ఩⨨࡟᮶ࡓ㝿ࡢ⏬ീࢆ㛗ᮇ㛫᧜ᙳࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 2 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬ᩘ༑ࢧ࢖ࢡ࡛ࣝ╔Ⰽ㒊ࡢ࢜࢖ࣝࡀࣆࢫࢺࣥࣜࣥࢢࡢྜཱྀ㒊࡟฿╔ࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸪྾Ẽ⤠ࡾࡢ≧ἣ࡛᪉ྥࡀ཯ᑐ࡟࡞ࡿ࡞࡝㸪Ἔ⭷⛣ືࡢ㥑ືຊࡣ࢞ࢫὶࢀ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ᅗ 3 ࡣ⣸እග※ࢆᙉຊ࡞ YAG ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࢺࢵࣉࣛࣥࢻ㒊ࢆࣛ࢖ࣥ≧࡟╔Ⰽࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ୖୗ࡟╔Ⰽࡀࡎࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㒊ศࡣ㸪Ἔ⭷ࡀࣆࢫࢺࣥ⾲㠃࡜ࣛ࢖ࢼࡢ㛫࡟‶ࡕ࡚࠸ࡿ㡿ᇦ㸪୍᪉㸪⥺≧࡟ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㡿ᇦࡣࣆࢫࢺࣥഃ࡟࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢἜ⭷ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ⾲㠃ࡣẼἻ࡛そࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ
࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᚑ᮶࠿ࡽẼἻࡀ࡝ࡕࡽഃ࡟௜╔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࢩࣜࣥࢲഃ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ௚࡟ᛴ⃭࡞࢜࢖ࣝ⛣ືࡢⓎ⏕࡜㸪ࡑࡢ⛣ື⤒㊰ࡢ☜ㄆ࡞࡝࡟ࡶᡂຌࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ╔Ⰽ㒊ࡀࣛ࢖ࢼ࡟᥋ゐࡍࡿ࡜㸪╔Ⰽ㡿ᇦࡀᘬࡁఙࡤࡉࢀ㸪╔Ⰽࡀᾘ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࣆࢫࢺࣥ࡜ࣛ࢖ࢼࡢ᥋ゐ㒊఩㸪ࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢࡢほᐹ࡟ࡶᛂ⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ 1 ࣇ࢛ࢺࢡ࣑ࣟࢬ࣒ྍど໬ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᴫせᅗ 2 ࢭ࢝ࣥࢻࣛࣥࢻୖࡢἜ⭷⛣ືࡢ㛗᫬㛫ྍど໬⤖ᯝᅗ 3 ࢺࢵࣉࣛࣥࢻୖࡢἜ⭷⛣ືࡢྍど໬⤖ᯝ͊㐃⤡ඛ(PDLOD]HWVX#NH\DNLFFXWRNDLDFMS

32

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮

*
*

4

1.

(1)

Direct Numerical Simulation: DNS
DNS
4

DNS

Re = 2500

1
2
2.

(Q > 30)
SGS

: LES

(2)

CAE (Computer Aided
Engineering)(Large Eddy Simulation: LES)
SGS

DNS

Smagorinsky

LES
/

( / )
GS

Bardina(SM)(SSRM)
SSRM

3.

DNS
(3)

4.

33

(BM)

Smagorinsky
2㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮Żř¼Ýĕđ6ťá#4rĠİĮ$DNS6GPU(Graphics Processing Unit)#ăƑƯjĒŒýßrĠp6}ó3ÌƥĪī 1=gGg/[:Af?HKiUgļİĮ¨*Ē"ŗrĠsģ¢Īī$ DNS 6Ŭ3ưƬ¬hƬÒÐrĠĪī%ƟÆĿ"rĠŊÏđƋ
ī$łtļ#02ƯĪīđƋ.űƢ"·ƖƟÆđƋ6Ň$ÔƦ

Ʃū#ķ543

6ā1Ī.#ƯĪīƔ$đƋ#*rĠ#3ư$xƯŨƄ"!$ SI =gGg6ēõkė½ÀÀ¨Īī}ó$ DNSƯHCCI(sģ¢¬ţŨŃĪ¯)=gGgrĠİĮĕđ#ƞ3
ŅŎ.Ŭ"3ư« 3 #ƯSI =gGg6ēõkė½ÀÀ¨#6Ň(4)ưİĮƏŋ
łtļ3ƍ,#4ƯÀ¨$ĦÐh¬ŵÁ43ư*ƯĪīlĀ3"3ŃĪÖ$Īī}ó
ƯĪī

rĠ

µƥ$ŮŐ#02Ư¸"įð¹

űƢ#

ľĺ3ư

52#
 Ĺ³h=Qd@¦ƨ$ŶĜ%jŅŎ¿Ĵ%Ŭ

"Ư¼ƠĿ"¦ƨ3ưľŰŦ%4*

#rĠ/rĠİĮ#ƞ3øĿ'¾ƫĿ±ņŅŎ

1Ưİúƣě"!#ƞ3ÝļŅŎ*ËÎƗ#ŅŎğ6Ŭ"3ư41$ŝƫ6ğƯŅŎ¿Ư¸¼Ư1#%ĻďĽ

6ĔûËÎƧ°Ĕû¯$ŅŎ#-ư1#ƯþĆ$Ļď$ľÅ6ö

30

"Ļ¼ƌñ

ŅŎ6ōĐĿ#ƍ-Ư=Qd@hĹ³¦ƨ$š¢Ŀ"ŶĜ#Ƃĵưťùĵ1) ňÇ1ƯþĆĕč¼|ĠÈ¼ƔƛžĨ|žĨŽùơ, pn. 0507, 2pp. (2013)
2) N. Fukushima, et. al., Proc. TSFP 9, pn. 1B2, 6 pp., (2015)3) Ģĩ1ƯþĆĠ¼|Í|, 2pp., (2018)4) B. Yenerdag, et. al., Proc. Comb. Inst., 35, pp. 1277–1285 (2015).

Fig. 1 Contour surfaces of the second invariant of velocity
gradient tensor colored by Reynolds shear stress.

Fig. 3 Temporal development of heat release rate by volume
rendering method in a constant volume vessel under pressure
rising condition.

Fig. 2 Instantaneous 2D distributions of one in-plane component of velocity at t = 3:0 and Re = 175:4 with /init =22.7:(a) filtered DNS, (b) Smagorinsky, (c) Bardina and (d) scale self-recognition mixed models.
 fukushima@tsc.u-tokai.ac.jp34㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮ᦶ᧿࡟ࡼࡿືຊఏ㐩せ⣲
͊

ᒣᮏᘓ*

*ᕤᏛ㒊ືຊᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨ ᦶ᧿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ືຊࢆఏ㐩ࡍࡿࢺࣛࢡࢩࣙࣥࢻࣛ࢖ࣈ㸭ࣇࣜࢡࢩࣙࣥࢻࣛ࢖ࣈࡣ㸪↓ẁኚ㏿ᶵࡢᐇ⌧ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᪥ᮏࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ከࡃࡢᑠᆺ⮬ື㌴࡟ᦚ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ᣺ືࡀᑠࡉࡃ㟼⢔ᛶ࡟ඃࢀ㸪ᅇ㌿⢭ᗘࡶ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ EV ➼ࡢ㟁ື㌴⏝ኚ㏿ᶵ࡟ࡶ㐺ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ḟୡ௦ࡢືຊఏ㐩せ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚ᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲ᐊ࡛㸪ᦶ᧿ಀᩘࡢྥୖ㸪ᦶ᧿ࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢᢲ௜ࡅᶵᵓࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸪≉㛗ࢆά࠿ࡋࡓ࢔ࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩ
ࣙࣥࡢ๰ฟ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬1㸬⮬ື㌴⏝ CVT㸦↓ẁኚ㏿ᶵ㸧ࡢᦶ᧿ಀᩘྥୖ ᮏኚ㏿ᶵࡣ㔠ᒓ࣋ࣝࢺࢆࣉ࣮࡛ࣜ⊃ᅽࡋ㸪ᦶ᧿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ືຊࢆఏ㐩ࡍࡿ㸬ఏ㐩㒊ࡢᦶ᧿ಀᩘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࢀࡤ⊃ᅽຊࢆᑠࡉࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪⊃ᅽ࡟ᚲせ࡞ἜᅽࢆⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࣏ࣥࣉࡢ௙஦పῶ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ㍈ཷ࡞࡝Ⲵ㔜ࢆཷࡅࡿ㒊఩ࡢᦆኻῶ࡟ࡼࡾ⇞㈝ࡀྥୖࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㒊ရࡢ㍍㔞໬㸪⪏ஂᛶࡢྥୖ࡞࡝㸪࠶ࡽࡺࡿᛶ
⬟ࡢᨵၿࢆᚓࡿ㸬ఏ㐩㒊ࡣ㧗࠸᥋ゐ㠃ᅽࢆཷࡅࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᦶ⪖ࡸ↝௜ࡁࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵἜ࡟ࡼࡿ₶⁥ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ㸬Ἔࡣ୍⯡࡟ᦶ᧿ಀᩘࡀప࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ఏ㐩㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚㧗࠸ᦶ᧿ಀᩘ࡜⪏ᦆയࢆ୧❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ
㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ఏ㐩㒊ࡢ᥋ゐᣲືࢆ෌⌧ࡍࡿᦶ᧿ヨ㦂⿦⨨࡜㸪ᙎᛶὶయ₶⁥ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ఏ㐩㒊࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿἜ⭷ࡢᣲື࡜ᦶ᧿≉ᛶࢆゎᯒࡋ㸪㧗ᦶ᧿࡜⪏ᦆയࡢ୧❧ࢆ┠ᣦLinearactuatorࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

3-component
force sensor
Pin
RollerServo
motor

Linear actuatorἜ⭷ᙧ≧ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝ

CVT ᦶ᧿ヨ㦂ᶵ

2㸬㧗㏿࣮ࣔࢱ⏝㐟࣮ᫍࣟࣛኚ㏿ᶵ 㟁Ẽ࣮ࣔࢱࡣ㧗ᅇ㌿໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᑠᆺ໬ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᑠᆺ㧗ຠ⋡ࡢῶ㏿ᶵ࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㧗ࣃ࣮࣡ᐦᗘࡢ㥑ືࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿ㸬㐟࣮ᫍࣟࣛῶ㏿ᶵࡣ࠿ࡳྜ࠸᣺ືࡀ࡞ࡃ㧗ᅇ㌿࡟㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᦶ᧿ఏ㐩࡟ᚲせ࡞ᢲ௜ࡅຊࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㈇Ⲵ࡟ᛂࡌࡓᢲ௜ࡅຊࢆ୚࠼ࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸࣒࢝
ᶵᵓࢆ⪃᱌ࡋࡓ㸬ࣉࣟࢺࢱ࢖ࣉࢆ〇సࡋ㸪ᡂ❧ᛶࡢ☜ㄆ࡜ᛶ⬟ྥୖ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓఏ㐩㒊ࡢᦶ᧿ಀᩘࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࡭ࡃ㸪᥋ゐ㠃ࡢほᐹ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏺㠃ࡢ⌧㇟ࢆゎ᫂ࡋ㸪ᩘ್ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡜ AI ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚⾲㠃ᛶ≧ࢆ᭱㐺໬ࡋ࡚㸪㣕㌍ⓗ࡞ᦶ᧿ಀᩘࡢྥୖࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬35

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮⥺ᙧ⇕㡢㡪⌮ㄽࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢹࣂ࢖ࢫタィ࡜㠀⥺ᙧ⌧㇟ࡢほ͊㛗㇂ᕝ┿ஓ**ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ືຊᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨ቃ⏺ᒙ⛬ᗘࡢὶ㊰ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ⣽⟶࡟㜈್ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᗘ໙㓄ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜㸪Ẽᰕࡢᅛ᭷᣺ື࣮ࣔࢻ࡜ᅛ᭷᣺

ືᩘ࡛⮬ບ᣺ື㡢Ἴࡀບ㉳ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࡣ⇕㡢㡪⌧㇟࡜ࡼࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⇕㡢㡪⌧㇟࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣྂࡃ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ୡ⣖ࡢ 5D\OHLJKࡢᩍ⛉᭩࡛ࡶグ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙࡟ධࡿ࡜⇕ධຊ࠿ࡽ㡢㡪ࣃ࣮࣡ࢆྲྀࡾฟࡍ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᶵ⬟ࡀ╔┠ࡉࢀ㸪✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᛂ⏝◊✲ࡀጞࡲࡗࡓ>@㸬⇕㡢㡪࢚ࣥࢪࣥࡢฟຊ࡛࠶ࡿ㡢㡪ࣃ࣮࣡ࡣᅗ  ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࣜࢽ࢔Ⓨ㟁ᶵ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㟁ຊ࡟ኚ᥮ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㡢㡪ࣃ࣮࣡ධຊ࡛ືసࡍࡿࣄ࣮ࢺ࣏ࣥࣉ࡜ࡋ࡚⇕㡢㡪⌧㇟ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬⇕㡢㡪࢚ࣥࢪࣥ࡜⇕㡢㡪ࣄ࣮ࢺ࣏ࣥࣉࢆ᥋ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ྠᅗ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ྍື㒊ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸⇕ືసࣄ࣮ࢺ࣏ࣥࣉࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬⇕㡢㡪⌧㇟ࡣ㸪ὶయࡢ᣺ື࡜⟶ቨ࡜ࡢ⇕஺᥮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪⌧㇟ࡣὶయࡢᇶ♏᪉⛬ᘧ㸪㐃⥆ࡢ᪉⛬ᘧ㸪ࢼࣅ࢚࣭ࢫࢺ࣮ࢡࢫ᪉⛬ᘧ㸪࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮᪉⛬ᘧ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚グ㏙ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆゎᯒⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾྜ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㛗Ἴ㛗㸪ṇᘻἼ㏆ఝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⥺ᙧ⌮ㄽࡀⓎᒎࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᡂᯝࡣ⇕㡢㡪⌮ㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚ᩍ⛉᭩࡞࡝࡟グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ⇕㡢㡪⌧㇟ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢ
⮫⏺

ᗘࡸ⇕ຠ⋡ࢆィ⟬࣭タィࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟Ḟ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸᪉ἲ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪⥺ᙧ⌮ㄽ࡛↓どࡋࡓ㠀⥺ᙧຠᯝࡶࡲࡓ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢ⇕㡢㡪⌧㇟࡛ከࡃほࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⇕㡢㡪⌧㇟࡛⏕ࡌࡿ㠀⥺ᙧ⌧㇟ࡣ஘ὶ㸪⾪ᧁἼ㸪࢝࢜ࢫ㸪ྠᮇ⌧㇟࡞࡝ከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㏆ᖺࡣὶయࡢ᪉⛬ᘧࢆ㞳ᩓ໬ࡋ኱つᶍᩘ್ィ⟬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚┤᥋ゎࡃࡇ࡜࡛㸪⇕㡢㡪⌧㇟࡛㠀⥺ᙧ⌧㇟ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣ⥺ᙧ⇕㡢㡪⌮ㄽࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢹࣂ࢖ࢫタィ࡜⇕㡢㡪⌧㇟࡛ほࡉࢀࡿ㠀⥺ᙧ⌧㇟ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬

Cooling
Waste heat

Acoustic power
Thermoacoustic cooler

Power generation

Acoustic power

SN

Thermoacoustic electric generatorᅗ ⇕㡢㡪ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢᴫせREFERENCES[1] J. W. S. Rayleigh, Dover Books on Physics (1945). [2] T. Yazaki et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 81, pp.
3128-3131 (1998). [3] S. Backhaus and G. W. Swift, Nature, Vol. 399, pp. 335-338 (1999).
͊㐃⤡ඛ(PDLOVKDVHJDZD#WRNDLXMS

36

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮Ẽᾮ஧┦ὶゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡿࣆࢫࢺࣥࣜࣥࢢ࿘㎶ࡢὶయᣲືண
͊ᕝᮏ⿱ᶞ*㸪ⶶᮏ ⤖ᶞ**㸪㧗ᶫ ಇ***㸪ⴠྜ ᡂ⾜****㸪␁ὠ ᫛ᙪ****㸪ᒣᮏ ᠇ྖ******ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔 ⥲ྜ⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉**ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔 ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉***ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ືຊᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉****ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉*****ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ᘓ⠏Ꮫ⛉Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨ᐊຠᯝ࢞ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿ CO2 ࡢ᤼ฟ㔞๐ῶࡣᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞♫఍ࡢᐇ⌧࡟ྥࡅ୙ྍḞ࡞せ⣲࡛࠶ࡿ㸬2017 ᖺᗘࡢ᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ CO2 ᤼ฟ㔞࡛࠶ࡿ 12 ൨ 9,200 ୓ࢺࣥࡢ࠺ࡕ⮬ື㌴ࡸ⯪⯧࡞࡝ࢆྵࡴ㐠㍺㒊㛛ࡣ⣙
18%ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࡞࠿࡛⮬ື㌴࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ๭ྜࡣ 86%࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽᅜෆ඲యࡢ CO2 ᤼ฟ㔞ࡢ⣙15%ࡀ⮬ື㌴࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬⮬ື㌴ࡢ CO2 ᤼ฟ㔞๐ῶ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࡢ⇕ຠ⋡ྥୖࡀㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ෆ㛶ᗓ࡟ࡼࡿ SIP ࡸ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ FVV ࡞࡝኱つᶍ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀୡ⏺ⓗ࡟㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⮬ື㌴඲యࡢᦶ᧿ᦆኻࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࡶ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ㛵㐃せ⣲ࡢ๭ྜࡣ኱ࡁࡃ㸪≉࡟ࢩࣜࣥࢲෆ㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚ ᚟
㐠ືࢆ⾜࠺ࣆࢫࢺࣥ࿘㎶ࡣ୍ᐃࡢᐤ୚⋡ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ㒊ศࡢᦶ᧿࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࣆࢫࢺࣥእ࿘࡟タࡅࡽࢀࡓ⁁࡟ྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿࣆࢫࢺࣥࣜࣥࢢ࡜ࢩࣜࣥࢲࣛ࢖ࢼ㛫ࡢ࢜࢖ࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ₶⁥ᛶ⬟ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀᨭ㓄ⓗ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣᦶ᧿ᦆኻࡢపῶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪉⟇࡜ࡋ࡚పᙇຊࣆࢫࢺࣥࣜࣥࢢࡸప⢓ᗘ࢜࢖ࣝࡀ౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪࢜࢖ࣝࡀ⇞↝ᐊෆ࡟㐍ධࡋᾘ㈝ࡉࢀࡿၥ㢟ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋࣆࢫࢺࣥୗ㒊ࡼࡾ౪⤥ࡉࢀࡓ࢜࢖ࣝࡢ
ୖ᪼࡟㛵ࡍࡿヲ⣽࡞ὶືᶵᵓࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬⇞↝ᐊࡲ࡛ࡢ࢜࢖ࣝࡢ㍺㏦⤒㊰࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᅗ 1 ࡢձ࡟♧ࡍࣜࣥࢢᦾື㠃㸪ղࡢ⫼㠃࠾ࡼࡧճࡢྜཱྀ㝽㛫ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋྛせ⣲࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿタィࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡸ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࡢ㐠㌿᮲௳ࡀ࢜࢖ࣝᾘ㈝࡟ᑐࡋዴఱ࡞ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠿ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡲࡓ㧗㏿㐠㌿᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣆࢫࢺࣥ࿘㎶ࡢ࢜࢖ࣝᣲືࡢᐇ㦂ⓗ࡞ほᐹ࡟ࡣㄢ㢟ࡀṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽᮏ
◊✲࡛ࡣᇙࡵ㎸ࡳቃ⏺ἲ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃẼᾮ஧┦ὶゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡾࣆࢫࢺࣥࣜࣥࢢࡲࢃࡾࡢὶయᣲືࡢண

ձ

CylinderPiston

ࢆ⾜࠺㸬

Ring
ղ

ճ

ᅗ 1 ࣆࢫࢺࣥࣜࣥࢢࡲࢃࡾࡢ࢜࢖ࣝ㍺㏦⤒㊰
ᚑ᮶ࡢ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࣆࢫࢺࣥࣜࣥࢢ࿘㎶ࡢ࢜࢖ࣝ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿᩘ್ゎᯒ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ὶయࡢᇶ♏᪉⛬ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿ Navier-Stokes ᪉⛬ᘧ࡟ᑐࡋ㝽㛫ὶࢀࡢ௬ᐃࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᑟฟࡉࢀࡿ Reynolds ᪉⛬ᘧ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᦾື㠃ࡢἜ⭷ཌࡉࡸᦶ᧿ຊࡢホ౯࡞࡝ࡀ㛗ࡁ࡟Ώࡾ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ Navier-Stoke ᪉⛬ᘧ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᩘ್ὶ
యゎᯒᡭἲࡢᵓ⠏࡜ᛂ⏝࡟ࡼࡾᚑ᮶ࡢゎᯒᡭἲ࡛ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࣜࣥࢢ⫼㠃ࡸྜཱྀ㝽㛫ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓẼᾮ஧┦ὶ⌧㇟ࡢணࢆ⾜࠺㸬஧┦ὶゎᯒᡭἲ࡟ࡣ୍⯡࡟Ẽᾮࡢయ✚ศ⋡࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ⏺㠃ࢆᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ diffuse

interface model ࡀᗈࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᮏᡭἲࡣయ✚ಖᏑᛶ࡟ඃࢀࡿ཯㠃㸪⛣ὶᣑᩓ࡟ࡼࡾ⏺㠃ࡢ㩭᫂ࡉ࡟ㄢ㢟ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࣜࣥࢢ࿘㎶࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿⷧ࠸Ἔ⭷ࡢゎീࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍ࡭ࡃ sharp
interface model ࡛࠶ࡿ level set ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ஧┦ࡢ⏺㠃㏆ഐࡢィ⟬᱁Ꮚ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚௵ពࡢቃ⏺᮲௳ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ ghost fluid ἲࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ㸬

37㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮ࣆࢫࢺࣥୗ㝆᫬࡟┦ᑐⓗ࡟ࣜࣥࢢୗ㒊࠿ࡽὶධࡍࡿ࢜࢖ࣝࢆᶍᨃࡋ㸪ࣜࣥࢢ࿘㎶ࡢὶࢀሙ࡜⏺㠃ᣲື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡋࡓ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ 2 ࣆ࣮ࢫ࢜࢖ࣝࣜࣥࢢ࿘㎶ࢆゎᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ㸪ィ⟬㡿ᇦୖ㒊࡟ࡣᐇ㦂࡛ィࡉࢀࡓࢧ࣮ࢻࣛࣥࢻᅽຊࢆ୚࠼ࡓ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ᅗ 2 ࡟⭾ᙇ⾜⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿẼᾮ⏺㠃࡜ᅽຊศᕸࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬130
deg.CA ࠿ࡽ 150 deg.CA ࡛ࡣࣜࣥࢢ⁁ෆࡀࢧ࣮ࢻࣛࣥࢻ㒊࡟ẚ㍑ࡋ㧗ᅽ໬ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ྾Ẽ⾜⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⁁ෆ࡬ࡢ࢜࢖ࣝࡢὶධ࠾ࡼࡧᅽ⦰⾜⛬࡛ୖ᪼ࡍࡿࢧ࣮ࢻࣛࣥࢻᅽຊࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ࢜࢖ࣝࡀࣜࣥࢢୖ㠃ࡢ㝽㛫ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࣛࣥࢻ㒊࡟ὶฟࡍࡿᣲືࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ 160 deg.CA ࡛ࡣࢩࣜࣥࢲቨ㠃࡟௜╔ࡋࡓ࢜࢖ࣝࡀ⇞↝ᐊഃ࡬ୖ᪼ࡍࡿᵝᏊࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬௨ୖࡼࡾ⁁ෆ࠿ࡽࡢ࢜࢖ࣝࡢὶฟࡣ
ࣜࣥࢢୖ㠃㝽㛫ࡢᕥྑ࡟⏕ࡌࡿᅽຊᕪ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓᮏィ⟬࠿ࡽࡣᅇ㌿ᩘࡢቑຍ࡟
క࠺࢜࢖ࣝὶฟ㔞ࡢቑຍࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡼࡿ࢜࢖ࣝᾘ㈝㔞࡜ྠᵝࡢഴྥࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬
ᅗ 3 ࡟ࡣ 2 ࣆ࣮ࢫ࢜࢖ࣝࣜࣥࢢ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࢥ࢖ࣝ≧ࡢ࢚࢟ࢫࣃࣥࢲࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ୕ḟඖゎᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ᮏゎᯒ࡛ࡣ㧗ᅇ㌿ୗ࡟࠾࠸࡚⁁ෆࡢ✵Ẽ࡜࢜࢖ࣝࡀ࢚࢟ࢫࣃࣥࢲ࡜ᖸ΅ࡍࡿᵝᏊࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ㸬
ࡲࡓᅗ 4 ࡟♧ࡍ」ᩘࡢࣜࣥࢢࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓࣜࣥࢢࣃࢵࢡ࿘ࡾࡢ୕ḟඖゎᯒ࡛ࡣࣆࢫࢺࣥୗ㝆᫬࡟ୗ㒊࠿ࡽὶධࡋࡓ࢜࢖ࣝࡀྜཱྀ㝽㛫ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ୖ᪼ࡍࡿᵝᏊࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓࡇࡢᣲືࡣྜཱྀ㝽㛫ࡀ୍┤⥺ୖ࡟㓄⨨ࡉࢀࡓሙྜ࡟㢧ⴭ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬௨ୖࡼࡾ࢜࢖ࣝᾘ㈝࡟⧅ࡀࡿ㍺㏦⤒㊰࠾ࡼࡧ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ㸪㐠㌿᮲௳ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ࢜࢖ࣝࡢ㍺㏦࡟
ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ㸬௒ᚋࡣࣔࢹࣝᵓ⠏࡟ྥࡅࡓ㧗ᗘ࡞ண࡟ྥࡅ㸪ྛࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢᙳ㡪ㄪᰝ࠾ࡼࡧ୕ḟඖゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡿᐃ㔞ホ౯ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ㸬Pressure [Pa]130 deg.CA

10000

140 deg.CA

45000

80000 115000 150000

150 deg.CA

160 deg.CAᅗ 2 ⭾ᙇ⾜⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣆࢫࢺࣥࣜࣥࢢୖ㠃㝽㛫࠿ࡽࡢ࢜࢖ࣝࡢὶฟ

ᅗ 3 ࢚࢟ࢫࣃࣥࢲࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ࢜࢖ࣝࣜࣥࢢ
࿘ࡾࡢẼᾮ⏺㠃࠾ࡼࡧ Q ್ࡢྍど໬ᅗ 4 ࣜࣥࢢྜཱྀ㝽㛫ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓࣜࣥࢢࣃࢵࢡ࿘ࡾࡢẼᾮ⏺㠃ࡢྍど໬㻌͊㐃⤡ඛ(PDLO\NDZDPRWR#IXMLWRNDLXMS

38

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮

CFD ゎᯒࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓࣄ࣮ࢺࣃ࢖ࣉࡢᩘ⌮ࣔࢹࣝ㛤Ⓨ͊➉ᮧ⸅* ,㛗ᓥᘯ᫂**, ᕝᮏ⿱ᶞ***, ዉⰋ⚈ኴᮁ***, 㧗ᶫಇ***ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ᶵᲔᕤᏛᑓᨷ
**ᮾᾏ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊ᶵᲔᕤᏛᑓᨷ
***ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⥲ྜ⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉⥲ྜ⌮ᕤᏛᑓᨷⓎ⾲ࡢせ᪨ ◊✲⫼ᬒ࡜┠ⓗᡃࠎࡢ◊✲ࡣ General Anti-Particle Spectrometer(GAPS)ࡢ୍㒊࡜ࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ, GAPS ࡣᏱᐂ⥺ࡢ㧗ឤᗘほ࠿ࡽ㛫᥋ⓗ࡟ࢲ࣮ࢡ࣐ࢱ࣮ࢆ᥈⣴ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ. ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿẼ⌫ᐇ㦂ࡢ෭༷ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ 1 㒊࡜ࡋ࡚ࣄ࣮ࢺࣃ࢖ࣉࡢ౑⏝ࡀணᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ. ࡇࡢࣄ࣮ࢺࣃ࢖ࣉࡣᐇ㦂࡛ᛶ⬟ホ౯ཬࡧ㛤Ⓨࡣ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ὶ㊰ࡀ㔠ᒓቨ࡛ᅖࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᵓ㐀ୖ, ᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡿෆ㒊ࡢ≀⌮㔞ࡢྲྀᚓ, ὶືᣲືࡢほᐹࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ. ࡑࡇ࡛ CFD ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ෆ㒊ࡢὶືᣲື࡜≀⌮㔞ண⤖ᯝࢆධຊ್࡜୚࠼ᗘሙࢆணࢆ⾜࠺㸬ࡲࡓࡑࡢ

ࡍࡿࣄ࣮ࢺࣃ࢖ࣉࡢ 1 ḟඖࣔࢹࣝࡢ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿ஦ࡀᮏ◊✲ࡢ᭱⤊┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ.
 ゎᯒᡭἲ
ᨭ㓄᪉⛬ᘧ࡟ࡣ, 㠀ᅽ⦰ᛶ Navier - Stokes ᪉⛬ᘧ࡜㐃⥆ࡢᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿ. ࡲࡓ≀యᙧ≧࡜Ẽᾮ⏺㠃ࡣ,ྛࢭࣝ࠿ࡽ⏺㠃ࡲ࡛ࡢ➢ྕ௜㊥㞳࡛࠶ࡿ Level set 㛵ᩘࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ Level set ἲࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓ. ஧┦ὶゎᯒᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ, ྛ┦ࡑࢀࡒࢀࢆ༢┦ὶࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠸, ⏺㠃௜㏆࡟௬᝿ࡢὶయ࡜ࡋ࡚ቃ⏺᮲௳ࢆᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ
ghost-fluid ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ. ≀య⾲㠃ࡢ non-slip ᮲௳ࡣ ghost-cell ἲ࡟ࡼࡾỴᐃࡋࡓ.
 ⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹὶ㊰୰ᚰ࡟෇ᰕ≧ࡢ㞀ᐖ≀ࢆ㓄⨨ࡋゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ. ࡲࡎ༢┦ᒙὶ≧ែ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㞀ᐖ≀ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ. ὶయࢆᙉไⓗ࡟ὶࡍࡓࡵ, ᅽຊ໙㓄ࢆ୍ᐃ࡛୚࠼ࡓ. ࡲࡓẼἻࢆྵࡵࡓ஧┦ὶࡢゎᯒࡶ⾜࠸, 㞀ᐖ≀࡟ẼἻࡀ᥋ゐࡋࡓ㝿ࡢᙧ≧ኚ໬ࡶㄪᰝࡋࡓ. ᅗ 1 ࡼࡾ㞀ᐖ≀ࡢ┤ᚄࡀኴࡃ࡟࡞ࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ඲యⓗ࡞㏿ᗘࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ. ࡇࢀࡣࣆࣥ┤ᚄࡢᣑ኱࡟క࠸ࡠࢀ㠃✚ࡀቑ኱ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀཎᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ. ࡲࡓᅗ 2ࡢᦶ᧿ᦆኻಀᩘࡼࡾ, ࡑࡢῶᑡഴྥࡣ㞀ᐖ≀ࡀ࡞࠸≧ែࡢ෇⟶ᒙὶ≧ែ࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡾ, ࡇࢀࡣࣞ࢖ࣀࣝࢬᩘࡢቑ኱࡟ࡼࡾ⢓ᛶࡢᐤ୚ᗘࡀῶᑡࡋࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ. ࡲࡓᅗ 3 ࡼࡾ෇ᰕ≧ࡢ㞀ᐖ≀࡟᥋ゐࡋࡓ㝿ࡢẼἻࡢኚᙧࡣᕥྑ࡟ศ⿣ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᵝᏊࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓ.
z

6.0

y

Z-velocity[m/s]Friction loss coeffcient

Theory
5.0

D=0.3
D=0.5

4.0

D=0.7
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0

0

0.3[mm]0.5[mm]100

0.7[mm]ᅗ 1 ෇ᰕ≧ࡢ㞀ᐖ≀ࢆྵࡵࡓ Z㍈᪉ྥࡢ㏿ᗘ ⤖ㄽ䜢⾜䛔, ᦆኻ䛾⡆᫆ⓗ䛺ண

300

400

500

ᅗ 2 ྛ෇ᰕ┤ᚄ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
ᦶ᧿ᦆኻಀᩘ

Ẽᾮ஧┦ὶゎᯒ䜢⏝䛔䛶⟶ෆ㒊䛾ὶືᣲື䜢ண䛺ほ200

Reynolds numberᅗ 3 㞀ᐖ≀࡟᥋ゐࡋࡓ㝿ࡢẼἻࡢኚᙧ䛧䛯. ༢┦ᒙὶ≧ែ䛷䛿ᦶ᧿ᦆኻಀᩘ䜢⏝䛔䛶ᐃ㔞ⓗ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯. 䜎䛯෇ᰕ≧䛾㞀ᐖ≀䛻᥋ゐ䛧䛯㝿䛾ኚᙧ䜢ᤊ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䛯䜑, 䜘䜚ᐇ⎔ቃ䛻㏆䛔≧ែ䛾ὶືண 䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䛟.

39㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮Ẽᾮΰ┦ὶゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡿࣆࢫࢺࣥࣜࣥࢢ࿘ࡾࡢᕼ㔘⇞ᩱ㍺㏦⤒㊰ண͊Ⓨ⾲⪅Ặྡ ⶶᮏ ⤖ᶞ 㸪ᕝᮏ ⿱ᶞ 㸪㧗ᶫ ಇ 㸪ⴠྜ ᡂ⾜ 㸪␁ὠ ᫛ᙪ 㸪ᒣᮏ ᠇ྖ ᡤᒓ ᮾᾏ኱ᏛⓎ⾲ࡢせ᪨ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞᤼Ẽ࢞ࢫつไᙉ໬࡟ࡼࡾ㸪஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ࡸ⢏Ꮚ≧≀㉁(PM), ❅⣲㓟໬≀(NOx)࡞࡝ࡢ᤼ฟ㔞๐ῶࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢹ࢕࣮ࢮ࢚ࣝࣥࢪࣥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ PM ࡜ NOx ࡢ᤼ฟ๐ῶࡀᙉࡃồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㏻ᖖࡢ⇞ᩱᄇᑕࡢᚋ࡟ᑡ㔞ࡢ⇞ᩱࢆ⇞↝ᐊෆ࡟ᄇᑕࡋ࡚ PM ࡢⓎ⏕ࢆᢚไࡍࡿ
࣏ࢫࢺᄇᑕࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࣏ࢫࢺᄇᑕ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᄇᑕࡉࢀࡓ⇞ᩱࡣࢩࣜࣥࢲ࣎࢔ቨ㠃࡟௜╔ࡋࣆࢫࢺࣥࣜࣥࢢ࿘㎶ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㍺㏦ࡉࢀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪⤖ᯝⓗ࡟࢜࢖ࣝᕼ㔘ࢆ⏕ࡌ㸪࢜࢖ࣝࡢ₶⁥ᛶ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫼ᬒ࠿ࡽᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᩘ್ὶయຊᏛࡢศ㔝࠿ࡽẼᾮΰ┦ὶゎᯒᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ࣆࢫࢺࣥࣜࣥࢢ࿘ࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚࢜࢖ࣝᕼ㔘࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ⌧㇟ࡢゎ᫂ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬ᮏゎᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡿὶయࡢᨭ㓄᪉⛬ᘧࡣ,஧ḟඖࡢ㐃⥆ࡢᘧ࡜㠀ᅽ⦰ᛶ Navier-Stokes ᪉⛬ᘧ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬ɏሺμ
Ȁμ൅
࣭‫׏‬
ሻൌൌǦ‫׏‬൅‫׏‬ሺɊ࣭‫׏‬
ሻ൅

(1)

‫࣭׏‬
ൌͲ

(2)

ࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ⏺㠃ᤕ⋓ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ಖᏑᆺࣞ࣋ࣝࢭࢵࢺἲࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ㸪⮬⏤⏺㠃ࡢ⛣ὶࡣ࡜ 2 ẁ㝵Runge-Kutta ἲ࡛ゎࡃ㸬ࡇࡢᡭἲ࡛ࡣẼ┦, ⏺㠃, ᾮ┦ࡀಖᏑᆺࣞ࣋ࣝࢭࢵࢺ㛵ᩘ Ȱ ࡼࡾᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿ.
ࡇࡢ㛵ᩘࡣ㏻ᖖࡢ➢ྕ௜ࡁ㊥㞳㛵ᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࣞ࣋ࣝࢭࢵࢺ㛵ᩘ ɔ ࡼࡾ௨ୗࡢᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛
ࡁࡿ㸬ȰൌͳȀʹሺͳ൅ሺǦɔȀʹɂሻ

(3)ɂൌͳȀʹͳǦ(4)

ࡇࡇ࡛ İ ࡣ⏺㠃ࡢศᕸ࡟㛵ࡍࡿಀᩘ࡛࠶ࡾ dd ࡢ್ࢆᑠࡉࡃࡍࡿ࡯࡝⏺㠃ࢆࡼࡾࢩ࣮ࣕࣉ࡟⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ィ⟬㡿ᇦ୰࡟ࣆࢫࢺࣥ㸪ࢩࣜࣥࢲࣛ࢖ࢼ, ཬࡧࣆࢫࢺࣥࣜࣥࢢࡀᏑᅾࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ≀యቃ⏺ୖ࡟ Non-slip ᮲௳ࢆㄢࡍⅭ࡟≀యࡢෆ㒊࡟ቃ⏺᮲௳⏝ࡢࢦ࣮ࢫࢺࢭࣝࢆᩘᒙタࡅ㸪ࡑࡢ㒊ศ࡟㏻ᖖ㏻ࡾィ⟬ࡉࢀࡿὶయࢭࣝ࠿ࡽㅖ㔞ࢆእᤄࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ቃ⏺᮲௳ࡀタᐃࡉࢀࡿࢦ࣮ࢫࢺ
ࢭࣝἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏゎᯒࡣ࣏ࢫࢺᄇᑕ࡟ࡼࡾࢩࣜࣥࢲࣛ࢖ࢼ࡟௜╔ࡋࡓ⇞ᩱࡀࣆࢫࢺࣥࡢୖ᪼᫬࡟
ࣜࣥࢢ⁁࡟ὶධࡍࡿ≧ἣࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿⅭࣆࢫࢺࣥࣜࣥࢢࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶୖ㒊࡟ྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿࢺࢵࣉࣜ
ࣥࢢࢆゎᯒࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࡲࡓ㸪࣏ࢫࢺᄇᑕࡢ⇞ᩱࡀࢩࣜࣥࢲቨ㠃࡟௜╔ࡋ࢜࢖ࣝᕼ㔘࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ⌧㇟ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࣆࢫࢺࣥࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿᅽ⦰⾜⛬(180deg.-360deg.)࡜྾Ẽ⾜⛬(540deg.-720deg.)࡟⇞ᩱࡀࢺࢵࣉࣛࣥࢻഃ࠿ࡽὶධࡍࡿ᮲௳ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࡇࡢ᫬ὶධࡍࡿ⇞ᩱࡢἜ⭷ཌࡉࢆ 50ȝm ࡜ 25ȝm ࡟タᐃࡋ⇞ᩱࢆὶධࡉࡏࡓFig.1 ࡟ὶධἜ⭷ཌࡉࢆ 50ȝm ࡢ⢓ᛶಀᩘศᕸᅗࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࢺࢵࣉࣛࣥࢻഃ࠿
ࡽὶධࡋࡓ⇞ᩱࡣࣜࣥࢢ⁁ෆ࡜ࢺࢵࣉࣛࣥࢻഃࡢ㛫ࡢᅽຊᕪ࡟ࡼࡾࣜࣥࢢ⁁ෆ࡬ὶࢀ㎸ࢇࡔ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪
2nd ࣛࣥࢻ࡜ࣜࣥࢢ⁁ෆ࡟ᅽຊᕪࡀ⏕ࡌ㸪ࣜࣥࢢ⁁ෆ࡟ṧࡗࡓ⇞ᩱࡣ 2nd ࣛࣥࢻഃ࡟㍺㏦ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ὶධἜ⭷ཌࡉ 25ȝm ࡢᾮ┦ᣲື࡟ࡶྠᵝࡢഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢺࢵࣉࣜࣥࢢ⁁ෆࢆ㏻㐣
ࡋ 2nd ࣛࣥࢻഃ࡬㍺㏦ࡉࢀࡿἜ㔞ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿⅭ࡟㸪2nd ࣛࣥࢻഃࡢࢧ࢖ࢻࢡࣜ࢔ࣛࣥࢫࢆ㏻ࡿ⇞ᩱࡢἜ㔞ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬Fig.2 ࡟ࡑࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝࡢࢢࣛࣇࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣࢺࢵࣉࣜࣥࢢ⁁ෆࢆ㏻㐣

40㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮ࡋ 2nd ࣛࣥࢻ࡟㍺㏦ࡉࢀࡿ⇞ᩱࡢἜ㔞ࡣὶධἜ⭷ཌࡉࡢኚ໬࡟ᑐࡋᴫࡡྠᵝࡢഴྥࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡣࣜࣥࢢ⁁ෆ࡟ṧࡗࡓ⇞ᩱࡢἜ㔞ࡀ 2nd ࣛࣥࢻഃࡢࢧ࢖ࢻࢡࣜ࢔ࣛࣥࢫࢆ㏻ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞Ἔ㔞ࢆୖᅇࡾ㸪ࡇࢀ௨ୖࡢἜ㔞ࡀ 2nd ࣛࣥࢻ࡬㍺㏦ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟
ࢺࢵࣉࣜࣥࢢ⁁ෆ࠿ࡽ 2nd ࣛࣥࢻ࡬ὶฟࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ⇞ᩱࡢἜ㔞ࡶὶධἜ⭷ཌࡉ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗ
ࡓࡀ㸪ὶධἜ⭷ཌࡉࢆࡉࡽ࡟ⷧࡃࡍࡿ࡜ࢺࢵࣉࣜࣥࢢ⁁ෆ࡟ṧࡿ⇞ᩱࡢἜ㔞ࡣࡉࡽ࡟ῶᑡࡍࡿⅭ㸪ୖ㝈࡟㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ 2nd ࣛࣥࢻ࡬㍺㏦ࡉࢀࡿ⇞ᩱࡢἜ㔞ࡶࡉࡽ࡟ῶᑡࡍࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬

m2out

Fig.1 Viscosity distributions in case of oil film thickness 50ȝmFig.2 Fuel mass passing through ring groove͊㐃⤡ඛ(PDLOEHPP#PDLOXWRNDLDFMS

41

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮

OpenFOAM ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ୪Ὃࡍࡿ 2 㢌ࡢ࢖ࣝ࢝࿘ࡾࡢὶయ⌧㇟ࡢゎ᫂ዉⰋ⚈ኴᮁ* , 㧗ᶫಇ**, ✄⏣႐ಙ***͊*ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⥲ྜ⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉⥲ྜ⌮ᕤᏛᑓᨷ**ᮾᾏ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊ືຊᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉***ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊⯟✵ᏱᐂᏛ⛉⯟✵ᏱᐂᏛᑓᨷⓎ⾲ࡢせ᪨ ◊✲⫼ᬒ࡜┠ⓗ࢖ࣝ࢝ࡣࡑࡢ㐟Ὃ㏿ᗘࡢ㏿ࡉࡸ♫఍ᛶ࡞࡝࠿ࡽ㸪┒ࢇ࡟◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣぶ࢖ࣝ࢝࡜Ꮚ౪ࡢ࢖ࣝ࢝ࡀ୪ࢇ࡛Ὃࡄ୪Ὃ  ࡜࠸࠺⌧㇟࡟╔┠ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢぶᏊ㛫࡛ാࡃὶయຊᏛⓗຠᯝࡸࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ
᢬ᢠࡢኚ໬࡞࡝ࢆศᯒࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢศᯒ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪」ᩘࡢ⮬ᚊᆺ↓ே₯Ỉᶵ⛣ື᫬ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮పῶࡸ
ᢠຊపῶᙧ≧ࢆᥦ᱌ࡍࡿ஦ࢆ᭱⤊┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ゎᯒᡭἲ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ୪Ὃ᫬࡟㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿὶయ⌧㇟ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆヲ⣽࡟ศᯒࡍࡿⅭ࡟㸪࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢯ࣮ࢫࡢ CFDゎᯒࢶ࣮࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ OpenFOAM ࢆ⏝࠸᳨࡚ドࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪࢖ࣝ࢝ࡢᙧ≧ࢆඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᅇ㌿ᴃ෇య࡜⪃࠼㸪ὶࢀሙࢆ 3 ḟඖᐃᖖ㠀ᅽ⦰ὶ࡜௬ᐃࡋ࡚ィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 ⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹぶ࢖ࣝ࢝㸦B1㸧࡜Ꮚ࢖ࣝ࢝㸦B2㸧ࢆ┦ఝ࡞ᅇ㌿ᴃ෇య࡜௬ᐃࡋ࡚ィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪 B2 ࡢᢠຊࡀ᭱ࡶపῶࡍࡿ఩⨨ࡣഃ᪉࡟ B2 ࡢ㛗㍈㛗ࡉࡢ 17㸣㸪࠿ࡘᚋ᪉࡟ 37㸣㞳ࢀࡓ఩⨨࡛ ࠶ࡾ㸪B2 ࡢᢠຊపῶ⋡ࡣ༢యẚ࡛-73.7%࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢ᫬ࡢ≀య࿘ࡾࡢᅽຊ㸪㏿ᗘศᕸࡣᅗ 1,2 ࡟♧ࡍ㏻ࡾ࡛㸪୧⪅㛫ࡢᅽຊࡀῶᑡࡋ㏿ᗘࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ B1 ࡜ B2 ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ࣋ࣥࢳࣗࣜຠᯝࡀస⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ࡇࡢ࣋ࣥࢳࣗࣜຠᯝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ B2 ࡢ B1 ഃඛ➃௜㏆࡟㈇ᅽࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ㸪⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ᢠຊࡀప
ῶࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ୖグࡢ఩⨨௨እ࡛ࡢ B2 ࡢᢠຊኚ໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᅗ 3 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬

ᅗ 1 ᅽຊศᕸ

ᅗ 2 ㏿ᗘศᕸᅗ 3

B2 䛾ྛ఩⨨䛷䛾ᢠຊኚ໬ ⤖ㄽ㻻㼜㼑㼚㻲㻻㻭㻹 䜢⏝䛔䛶䠈2 䛴䛾ᅇ㌿ᴃ෇య䛾఩⨨㛵ಀ䛸ᢠຊኚ໬䜢ㄪᰝ䛧䛯䠊⤖ᯝ䛸䛧䛶䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾఩⨨㛵ಀẖ䛾ᢠຊኚ໬㔞䛸䛭䛾䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䠊௒ᚋ䛿䜘䜚䜲䝹䜹䛻㏆䛔ᙧ≧䛷䛾ศᯒ䜔䜂䜜䛾ື䛝䜢ᶍᨃ䛧䛯ゎᯒ䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䠊㻌ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㻌(1) D. Weihs, “The hydrodynamics of dolphin drafting, ” Journal of Biology, 2004, 3͊㐃⤡ඛ(PDLO EWDG#PDLOXWRNDLDFMS

42

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮ᴟ㉸㡢㏿ὶࡢ⌧㇟ᢕᥱ࡟ྥࡅࡓᩘ್ὶయゎᯒ͊Ỉ㔝 ⿱௓*㸪ᒣୗ ⍵Ⰻጾ**㸪⸨ཎ ⿱ክ**㸪㧗ᶫ ಇ**㸪ᒣ⏣ ๛἞****ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔 ⥲ྜ⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉**ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ືຊᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉***ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨ᴟ㉸㡢㏿ὶ୰ࡢ≀య࿘ࡾ࡛⏕ࡌࡿ✵ຊຍ⇕⌧㇟ࡢᢕᥱ࣭ホ౯ࡣ≀యࡢタィ࡞࡝࡛㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜࡞
ࡿ㸬✵ຊຍ⇕ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᐇ㣕⾜ヨ㦂ࡸ㢼Ὕタഛࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᐇ㦂ⓗ࡟ᐃࡍࡿ஦ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᩘ್ࢩ࣑ࣗࣞ

࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓホ౯ᡭẁࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᮏ◊✲ࡣᩘ್ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᴟ㉸㡢㏿㡿ᇦ࡛ࡢ✵ຊຍ⇕⌧㇟ࢆ㧗⢭ᗘ࡟ணࡍࡿ஦ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳቃ⏺ἲ(immersed boundary method: IBM)ࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓ┤஺᱁Ꮚ࡜ቃ⏺㐺ྜ᱁Ꮚ(boundary-fitted
coordinate grid: BFC)ࡢ␗࡞ࡿ᱁Ꮚࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᴟ㉸㡢㏿ὶゎᯒࢥ࣮ࢻࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㸬 ࠸ࡎࢀࡶὶࢀሙ
ࡢᨭ㓄᪉⛬ᘧ࡟ 2 ḟඖᅽ⦰ᛶ Navier-Stokes ᪉⛬ᘧ㸪㠀⢓ᛶ㡯࡜⢓ᛶ㡯ࡣ MUSCL-AUSM+ࢫ࣮࣒࢟࡜ 2ḟ⢭ᗘ୰ᚰᕪศἲ࡛ホ౯ࡋࡓ㸬᫬㛫✚ศἲ࡟ࡣ IBM ࡟ 3 ḟ⢭ᗘ TVD Runge-Kutta 㝧ゎἲ㸪BFC ࡟ࡣ
LU-SGS 㝜ゎἲࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ⏝࠸ࡓ㸬
Tewfik[1]ࡽࡢ 2 ḟඖ༙෇ᰕ࿘ࡾὶࢀࡢᐇ㦂(Mach ᩘ 5.73㸪Reynolds ᩘ 2050㸪୍ᵝὶᗘ 38.08 K㸪෇ᰕ┤ᚄ 1.23×10-2 m)࡜㸪Kopriva[2]࡟ࡼࡿࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝゎᯒࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ᅗ 1 ࡢ⾪ᧁἼࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚㸪ࡼ࡝ࡳⅬ㏆ഐࡢ⾪ᧁᒙ㡿ᇦ୍࡛ᵝὶᗘศᕸ࡛ࡣ㞳⬺ᗘࡢ 6 ಸ⛬ᗘࡢ್࡛ศᕸࡍࡿ㸬ࡼ࡝ࡳⅬࡢ್࡛ṇつ໬ࡋࡓቨ㠃⇕ὶ᮰ศᕸࢆᅗ 2 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬BFC ࡣཧ⪃ᆅ࡜Ⰻ࠸୍⮴ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬୍᪉ IBM ࡛ࡣࡼ࡝ࡳⅬ㏆ഐ࡜ 60 ᗘ௨㝆ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛㐣ᑠホ౯ࡍࡿഴྥࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ BFC ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ቨ㠃㏆ഐࡢ᱁Ꮚᖜࡀ⢒ࡃ㸪ᗘቃ⏺ᒙࡸ⾪ᧁᒙࢆ⢭ᗘⰋࡃゎീ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀせᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ᅗ 2. Heat flux normalized by value of stagnation point;
Exp. [1] and Spec. [2].

ᅗ 1. Temperature distributions; a) IBM, b) BFC.

[1] Tewfik, O.K. and Giedt, W.H, Heat Transfer, Recovery Factor and Pressure Distributions Around a Circular
Cylinder Normal to a Supersonic Rarefied-Air Stream, Journal of the Aerospace Sciences, 27, (1960), 721-729.
[2] Kopriva, D.A, Spectral Solution of the Viscous Blunt-Body Problem, AIAA Journal, (1993), 1235-1242.
͊㐃⤡ඛ(PDLOEWDG#PDLOXWRNDLDFMS

43

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮

The Moving Coordinate Method†

Yoko TAKAKURA**Department of Prime Mover Engineering, Tokai University
Abstract
Unsteady flows about a moving body are computed numerically with the body moving in most methods. On
the contrary, in the moving-coordinate method presented by the authors [1, 2], the coordinate system is fixed to theindividual moving body, where each moving body stands still with the corresponding grid stationary.
The governing equations of the moving coordinate method in conservative form can be derived in the following
order [3, 4]:1) The conservation law in Cartesian coordinates;2) Derivation of conservative form in general coordinate system by use of the metrics relations, i.e., GCLs (GeometricConservation Laws) consisting of SCL (Surface Conservation Law) and VCL (Volume Conservation Law);
3) Derivation of ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangean-Eulerian) formulation from 2);4) Derivation of the moving coordinate method in non-conservative form;
5) Derivation of the moving coordinate method in conservative form by use of the continuity equation in ALE form.
The advantages of the moving-coordinate method can be summarized as follows:
1) Simplicity: the wall boundary conditions become same as those when the body is at rest since the body stands
still in the moving coordinate system;2) Disappearance of grid-generation troubles and metrics error: there is no need to generate grids around themoving body since the grid also remains stationary;3) Simplicity: as the GCLs, only SCL should be imposed and VCL is not necessary.
The disadvantage of the moving-coordinate method is:1) Source terms are added to the governing equations.
In spite of the disadvantage, the effect of advantage 2 is considered remarkable at the long-distance travel orlong-time motion.
References[1] Takakura, Y., Higashino, F., and Ogawa, S.: Unsteady Flow Computations on a Flying Projectile Within a Ballistic
Range, Computers & Fluids, Vol. 27, No. 5-6, pp.645-650, 1998.
[2] Nomura, M. and Takakura, Y.: Highly-accurate Computation of Supersonic Flows around a Concave Body (II.
Motion analysis by moving-coordinate method), ICCFD9, ICCFD9-2016-326, July 2016.
[3] Takakura, Y.: Moving Coordinate Method and Some Applications, 51st Fluid Dynamic Conference/ 37th Aerospace
Numerical Simulation Symposium, July 2019; also in JAXA-SP, January 2020 (in press).
[4] Takakura, Y.: Moving Coordinate Method and its Applications, International Conference in honor of the 90th birthdayof S. K. Godunov “Mathematics and its Applications”; also in Advanced Structured Materials 8611: Continuum
Mechanics, Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computing: Godunov’s Legacy, Springer (to appear).
†E-mail: takakura@tokai-u.jp

44㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮

Reduction of Aerodynamically Undesirable Influences due to Engine Cooling Flowin Road Vehicle
Takuto Sawaguchi*1㸪†Yoko Takakura*2*1 Course of Mechanical Engineering of Graduate School, Tokai University (Present: Auto Technic Japan, co., LTD.)*2 Department of Prime Mover Engineering, Tokai University

Abstract
Recently improvements of fuel efficiency of vehicles become one of most important topics due to aggravation of the
global warming and the energy problem, and therefore reduction of the aerodynamic drag that greatly influences the fuelefficiency is proceeded. As for road vehicles, the shape drag (mainly pressure drag) occupies 75% of the whole
aerodynamic drag, and the internal-flow drag through an engine compartment occupies about 10%. Recently, attention
has focused on reduction of not only the shape drag but also the internal-flow drag.
In this experimental study [1], the test model was designed to simulate the engine cooling flow that can be applied toalmost all domestic vehicle types with a front engine by simplifying common items, and for change of intake opening
area the changes of aerodynamic characteristics were investigated with variation of the intake position and the two
engine layout of width and length placements in presence or absence of the radiator. The overall results show that withenlargement of the opening area, the drag and the front lift increased and the rear lift decreased.
Here it has been clarified that the cause of the change in aerodynamic characteristics due to the cooling airflow is thedisturbance under the floor due to merging of the engine scavenging flow and the underfloor flow. In the correlation ofphenomena, enlargement of the air-inlet height (and therefore increase of the cooling flow rate) causes pressure riseinside the engine compartment, and further adapts to that on the front end and window of the vehicle, but causes pressure
fall under the floor behind the engine compartment. It is due to the flow disturbance above stated, which has blockage
effects for each upstream of scavenging flow and underfloor flow with keeping high pressure in the vicinity of the engine
unit (except for the pressure on the bottom of the length-placement engine with the radiator) and causes pressure loss inthe downstream of the merging disturbance under the floor.
Aerodynamic effects by engine cooling flow can be summarized: 1) The drag depends on the pressure inside theengine compartment and on the front end and the front window of the vehicle body; 2) The front lift depends on thepressure under the engine unit, and on the front window and the fore part of the roof; it also depends on momentum offlow scavenging from the engine compartment to the underfloor; 3) The rear lift depends on the underfloor pressure
behind the engine compartment; 4) The installation of the radiator reduces the range of changes in aerodynamic
characteristics mainly by reducing effect of the intake area, which appears large on drag in the length-placement engine.
Since the pressure inside the engine compartment is connected with that on the vehicle surface by the pass way ofengine cooling flow, the principle to improve drag and lift is considered to avoid interference between the scavenging
flow and the underfloor flow. Other than underfloor scavenging without interference, upward scavenging from thebonnet and sideward scavenging from the fender is considered effective. In the length placement engine without theradiator, since the pressure on the engine unit is remarkably high, upward scavenging is recommended.
Reference[1] Takuto Sawaguchi, and Yoko Takakura, “Reduction of Aerodynamically Undesirable Influences due to Engine Cooling
Flow in Road Vehicle,” JFCMV (Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization), vol.8, no.1, January 2020 (in press).

͊(PDLOWDNDNXUD#WRNDLXMS

45

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮⮬ື㌴ࡢ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ෭༷㢼࡟ࡼࡿ✵ຊ≉ᛶ࡜✵ຊⓗᝏᙳ㡪ࡢపῶ໬ኴ⏣㝯௓*1㸪⃝ཱྀᣅே*2㸪⏣௦᫭ᑑ*1㸪㧗಴ⴥᏊ*1͊

*1 ᮾᾏ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊ືຊᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉*2 ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ᶵᲔᕤᏛᑓᨷ
Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨ ㏆ᖺࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ၥ㢟ࡢ῝้໬࡟ࡼࡾືຊᶵᲔࡢప⇞㈝໬ࡀㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⮬ື㌴࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ✵Ẽ᢬ᢠࡢపῶࡣ⇞㈝ᛶ⬟ࡢྥୖ࡟┤⤖ࡍࡿࠋ⮬ື㌴ࡢ✵Ẽ᢬ᢠࡢ⣙ 75%ࡣ㌴యࡢᙧ≧࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛
࠶ࡾࠊ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࡸ✵ㄪ⏝෭፹ࢆ෭༷ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟⏕ࡌࡿෆ㒊ὶ᢬ᢠࡣ඲✵Ẽ᢬ᢠࡢ⣙ 10%ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙧ≧᢬ᢠࡢᨵၿࡀ㐍ࢇࡔ௒᪥ࠊෆ㒊ὶ᢬ᢠࡢపῶࡣ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⴭ⪅ࡽࡢ୍㐃ࡢ◊✲[1]࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᶍᆺࡢ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ෭༷㢼ྲྀධཱྀࡢ㛤ཱྀ㠃✚࡜఩⨨ࠊ࢚ࣥࢪࣥᦚ㍕᪉ᘧ㸦ᶓ⨨ࡁ࡜⦪⨨ࡁ㸧ࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࠊࣛࢪ࢚࣮ࢱࡢ᭷↓ࡶྵࡵ࡚✵ຊ≉ᛶ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ෭༷㢼ྲྀධཱྀ㠃✚ࡢቑຍ࡟క࠸᢬ᢠࡸ๓ᥭຊࡶᴫࡋ࡚ቑຍࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ഴྥࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟࢚ࣥࢪࣥ෭༷㢼㔞ቑຍ࡟ࡼࡿ✵Ẽ᢬ᢠⓎ⏕ࡢཎᅉࢆ᥈ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ↮ἲ࡟ࡼࡿ࢚ࣥࢪ࣮࣒ࣥࣝෆὶࢀࡢྍど໬ࠊᗋୗࡢ㏿ᗘศᕸཬࡧ஘ὶᙉᗘࠊ㌴య⾲㠃࡜࢚ࣥࢪࣥ⾲㠃ࡢᅽຊࡢᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ[1]ࠋࡑࡢ

⤖ᯝࠊ෭༷Ẽὶ࡟ࡼࡿ✵ຊ≉ᛶࡢኚ໬ࡢཎᅉࡣࠊ࢚ࣥࢪࣥᤲẼὶ࡜ᗋୗὶࡢྜὶ࡟ࡼࡿᗋୗࡢ஘ࢀ࡛࠶
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀࡓࠋ୍㐃ࡢ⌧㇟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ෭༷㢼ྲྀධཱྀ⦪ᖜࡢቑຍ㸦ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚෭༷㢼㔞ࡢቑຍ㸧࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࢚ࣥࢪ࣮࣒ࣥࣝෆࡢᅽຊࡀୖ᪼ࡋࠊ㌴㍢ࡢ๓➃࡜๓࢘࢕ࣥࢻ࢘ࡢᅽຊࡀࡇࢀ࡟࿧ᛂࡋ࡚ቑຍࡍ
ࡿࡀࠊ࢚ࣥࢪ࣮࣒ࣥࣝࡼࡾୗὶഃࡢᗋୗᅽຊࡣపୗࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊୖ㏙ࡢὶࢀࡢ஘ࢀࡀ㛢ሰຠᯝࢆ᭷ࡍ
ࡿࡓࡵ࡛ࠊᤲẼὶ࠾ࡼࡧᗋୗὶࡢྛୖὶ࡛ࠊ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࣘࢽࢵࢺ௜㏆ࡢ㧗ᅽࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ㸦ࣛࢪ࢚࣮ࢱ௜ࡁ
࢚ࣥࢪࣥᦚ㍕᪉ᘧ⦪⨨ࡁࡢሙྜࡢ࢚ࣥࢪࣥᗏ㒊ࡢᅽຊࢆ㝖ࡃ㸧ࠊᗋୗ࡛ࡢྜὶࡢࡓࡵ⏕ࡌࡿ஘ࢀ࡟ࡼࡾୗ
ὶഃ࡛࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᦆኻࡀᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡜⪃ᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࡑࡢ⪃ᐹ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ෭༷㢼࡟ࡼࡿ✵ẼຊᏛⓗᝏᙳ㡪ࡢపῶࡢࡓࡵࡢᐇドᐇ㦂[2]࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋᦚ㍕᪉ᘧ⦪⨨ࡁ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ㌴࡛ࡣᶓ⨨ࡁ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ㌴࡜ẚ࡭࡚࢚ࣥࢪ
ࣥࣘࢽࢵࢺ㏆ഐࡀ㧗ᅽ࡜࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ෭༷㢼ࢆ࣎ࣥࢿࢵࢺ࠿ࡽୖ᪉࡟ᤲẼࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᗋୗὶࡢ஘ࢀࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࡎ࡟࢚ࣥࢪ࣮࣒ࣥࣝෆࡢᅽຊࢆୗࡆࡿࡓࡵ࡟᭷ຠ࡜⪃࠼ࠊྑᅗࡢࡼ࠺࡟࣎ࣥࢿࢵࢺ࡟ᤲẼཱྀ㸦Scavenging port㸧ࢆྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ᢬ᢠపῶ࡟᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᐇドࡉࢀࡓ[3]ࠋཧ⪃ᩥ⊩[1] Takuto Sawaguchi, and Yoko Takakura, “Reduction of Aerodynamically Undesirable Influences due to Engine Cooling
Flow in Road Vehicle,” JFCMV (Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization), vol.8, no.1, January 2020 (in press).
[2]⃝ཱྀᣅே㸪ኴ⏣㝯௓㸪⏣௦᫭ᑑ㸪㧗಴ⴥᏊ㸸⮬ື㌴ࡢ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ෭༷㢼࡟ࡼࡿ✵ຊ≉ᛶ࡜✵ຊⓗᝏᙳ㡪ࡢపῶ໬㸪2019 ᖺᗘ᪥ᮏᶵᲔᏛ఍ᖺḟ኱఍㸪2019 ᖺ 9 ᭶㸪S05532P㸬
[3]⏣௦᫭ᑑ㸪⃝ཱྀᣅே㸪㧗಴㝧⏨㸸FR ㌴ࡢ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ෭༷㢼࡟ࡼࡿ✵ẼຊᏛⓗᝏᙳ㡪ࡢపῶ㸪ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⣖せᕤᏛ㒊㸪vol.59㸪no.1㸪2019㸪pp.23-30㸬DOI: 10.18995/24343633.59-1.23͊㐃⤡ඛ(PDLOEHG#PDLOXWRNDLDFMS

46

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮⮬ື㌴ࡢ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ෭༷㢼࡜ࣇࣟࣥࢺࢫ࣏࢖࣮ࣛ࡟ࡼࡿ✵ຊ≉ᛶᡞᙇ෽࿃*1㸪▮ᓮ⿱ᡂ*1㸪⃝ཱྀᣅே*2㸪㧗಴ⴥᏊ*1͊

*1 ᮾᾏ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊ືຊᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉*2 ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ᶵᲔᕤᏛᑓᨷ
Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨ ㏆ᖺ㸪⮬ື㌴ᴗ⏺࡛ࡣ㸪ᆅ⌫ࡢ⎔ቃၥ㢟࡞࡝࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⇞㈝ࡢྥୖࡸ᤼ฟ࢞ࢫࡢ๐ῶ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⇞㈝ࡢྥୖ࡟ࡣ✵Ẽ᢬ᢠ๐ῶ࡬ࡢ◊✲࣭㛤Ⓨࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬㌴యᙧ≧࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ࣇࣟࣥࢺࢫ࣏࢖࣮ࣛࡀᥭຊ㺃ᕤኵࡀ௒᪥ࡲ࡛ࡉࢀ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ CD ್ࡀ 0.3 ࢆୗᅇࡿᕷ㈍㌴ࡀ⏕⏘ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᢠຊࢆపῶࡉࡏࡿຠᯝࡣ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏ◊✲ᐊ࡛ࡶࣇࣟࣥࢺࢫ࣏࢖࣮ࣛࡢຠᯝࢆㄪ࡭࡚᮶ࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ᭱㏆ࡣᐇ㌴ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࣇࣟࣥࢺࢫ࣏࢖࣮ࣛࡢ◊✲ࡶබ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࣇࣟࣥࢺࢫ࣏࢖࣮ࣛࡢຠ
ᯝࡣ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ෭༷㢼࡜ඹ࡟㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲ᐊ࡛ࡣ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ෭༷㢼ࡀ✵ຊ≉ᛶ࡟࠾ࡼࡰࡍ
ᙳ㡪ࢆㄪ࡭࡚ࡁࡓ㸬௒ᅇ㸪✵Ẽྲྀධཱྀྍኚࡢ㌴యࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚㌴య๓᪉࡟ࣇࣟࣥࢺࢫ࣏࢖࣮ࣛࢆ⿦╔ࡋ㸪࢚ࣥࢪࣥ෭༷㢼ࡀ✵ຊ≉ᛶ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠿ࢆᐇ㦂ࡋ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ㸬 ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪⃝ཱྀࡽ[1]࡟ࡼࡿ 1/5 ⦰ᑻᶍᆺࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿ㸬๓㠃㛤ཱྀ㒊ࡣୗ᪉఩⨨࡜ࡋ㛤ཱྀ㒊⦪ᖜࡣ㸪඲
㛢㸪20mm㸪80mm ࡢ 3 ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬ᶍᆺࡢ࢚ࣥ
ࢪ࣮࣒ࣥࣝෆ࡟ࣛࢪ࢚࣮ࢱࢆタ⨨ࡋ㸪ᶓ⨨ࡁ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࢆᦚ㍕ࡍࡿ㸬㸬ࡲࡓࢱ࢖ࣖᅇ㌿ࡣࠊ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ෭༷㢼ࡢฟཱྀࡢ㢼࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡓࡵ⿦╔ࡍࡿࡀ㸪ຊࡢィ࡟ࡣྵࡵ࡞࠸㸬ᐇ㦂࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓࣇࣟࣥࢺࢫ࣏࢖ࣛ
࣮ࡢྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡣࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࢲ࢘ࣥࣔࢹࣝ๓᪉ୗ㒊࡟⾜࠺㸬ࣇࣟࣥࢺࢫ࣏࢖࣮ࣛ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⦪ᖜ 10mm ࡜
20mm ࡢ 2 ✀㢮㸪ᶓᖜࡣࣔࢹࣝ࡟ྜࢃࡏ 350mm㸪ྲྀ௜ࢫࢸ࣮ࡢゅᗘࡣ 0o㸪45o㸪90o ࡢ 3 ✀㢮㸪 ྜィ࡛ 6 ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡜࡞ࡿ[2]㸬
 ⃝ཱྀࡽࡢሗ࿌[1]࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪࢚ࣥࢪ࣮࣒ࣥࣝ෭༷㢼࡟ࡼࡿᢠຊࡣ㛤ཱྀ㒊㠃✚ࡀቑ࠼ࡿ࡯࡝ቑ኱ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ࢚ࣥࢪ࣮࣒ࣥࣝ࠿ࡽࡢᤲẼ࡟ࡼࡿᗋୗὶࢀࡢ஘ࢀࡀᗋୗὶ࡜࢚ࣥࢪࣥᤲẼὶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࡏࡁṆࡵຠᯝࢆᣢࡘࡓࡵࠊ࢚ࣥࢪ࣮࣒ࣥࣝෆ㒊ཬࡧ㌴య๓㒊ࡢᅽຊࢆୖࡆࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃ᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࣇࣟࣥࢺࢫ࣏࢖࣮ࣛࢆ⿦╔ࡋࡓᮏᐇ㦂࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪㛤ཱྀ㒊㠃✚ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ᢠຊࡀቑຍࡋ㸪㛤ཱྀ㒊 80mm ࢆࡣࡌࡵྛࢫ࣏࢖࣮ࣛྲྀࡾ௜ࡅゅ࡛⃝ཱྀࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡾᢠຊ๐ῶࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࢫ࣏࢖࣮ࣛ⦪ᖜ 20mm ࡢ᪉ࡀ
10mm ࡼࡾࡶᢠຊపῶഴྥࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓࢫ࣏࢖࣮ࣛ⦪ᖜ 20mm ࡛ࡣゅᗘࢆ኱ࡁࡃࡍࡿ࡯࡝ᢠຊపῶഴྥ
ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡣ㸪ᗋୗὶࢀࡢ✵Ẽ㔞ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪࢚ࣥࢪ࣮࣒ࣥࣝ࠿ࡽࡢᤲẼὶ࡜ࡢྜὶ᫬࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿᗋୗὶࡢ஘ࢀࢆపῶࡉࡏࡿຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ㸬ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩[1] Takuto Sawaguchi, and Yoko Takakura, “Reduction of Aerodynamically Undesirable Influences due to Engine Cooling
Flow in Road Vehicle,” JFCMV (Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization), vol.8, no.1, January 2020 (in press).
[2] ᡞᙇ෽࿃㸪▮ᓮ⿱ᡂ㸪⃝ཱྀᣅே㸪㧗಴ⴥᏊ㸸⮬ື㌴ࡢ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ෭༷㢼࡜ࣇࣟࣥࢺࢫ࣏࢖࣮ࣛ࡟ࡼࡿ✵ຊ≉ᛶ㸪2019 ᖺᗘ᪥ᮏᶵᲔᏛ఍ᖺḟ኱఍㸪2019 ᖺ 9 ᭶㸪S05530P㸬

͊㐃⤡ඛ(PDLOEHG#PDLOXWRNDLDFMS

47

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮㝧ᴟ㓟໬ࢳࢱࣥᆺឤᅽሬᩱࡢᨵⰋཬࡧ≉ᛶホ౯ᕝῧ㣁୍㑻*ࠊ͊἟⏣኱ᶞ**ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ⯟✵ᏱᐂᏛ⛉ ⯟✵ᏱᐂᏛᑓᨷ
Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨ ㏆ᖺ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞ὶయィᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ឤᅽሬᩱ (Pressure-Sensitive Paint, PSP) ࡀὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ 1)㸬PSP

࡜ࡣ㸪⺯ගⰍ⣲ࡢⓎග≉ᛶࡀ࿘ᅖᅽຊ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪Ⓨගࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡑࡢ఩⨨ࡢᅽຊࢆᢕᥱྍ⬟࡞ᶵ⬟ᛶศᏊࢭࣥࢧࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿ㸬஧ḟඖⓗ㸪࠿ࡘ㠀᥋ゐ࡛ࡢᅽຊሙィᚑ᮶ࡲ࡛ࡢᶵᲔᘧࢭࣥࢧࡼࡾࡶඃࢀࡓ✵㛫ゎീᗘࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㸬PSP ࡣሬ⿦ᆺ2,3)ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㸪㝧ᴟ㓟໬ᆺ 4-6)㸪TLC ࣉ࣮ࣞࢺᆺ 7)㸪ࣉࣜࣥࢺᆺ 8) ➼ᵝࠎ࡞✀㢮ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㐺⏝ࡍࡿᑐ㇟ࡸ⌧㇟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚౑࠸ศࡅࡀ࡞
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ≉࡟㸪㝧ᴟ㓟໬ᆺ PSP ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠸᫬㛫ᛂ⟅ᛶࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪㧗㏿㠀ᐃᖖ⌧㇟ࡢྍど໬࡟ࡋࡤࡋࡤ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪⌧ᅾ☜❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㝧ᴟ㓟໬ᆺ PSP ᢏ⾡ࡢ㐺⏝ᑐ㇟ࡣ࢔࣑ࣝࢽ࣒࡛࢘సᡂࡉࢀࡓᶍᆺ࡟㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᶍᆺ⮬㌟࡟ẚ㍑ⓗᙉᗘࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ✵ຊヨ㦂➼࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㐺⏝࡟ไ⣙ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰࡛㸪ᕝῧࡽࡣ࢔࣑ࣝࢽ࣒࢘௨እࡢ⣲ᮦ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㝧ᴟ㓟໬ᆺ PSP ࡢ୍✀࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⣧ࢳࢱࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㝧ᴟ㓟໬ࢳࢱࣥᆺឤᅽሬᩱ (Anodized-Titanium Pressure-Sensitive Paint, AT-PSP) ࢆヨసࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᇶ♏≉ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪⾪ᧁἼ⟶ヨ㦂࡟ࡼࡾᆶ┤⾪ᧁἼࡢྍど໬࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 9)㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪㝧ᴟ㓟໬ᆺ PSP ࡢ㐺⏝⠊ᅖࢆᣑࡆ㸪ᶍᆺ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⣲ᮦ㑅ᢥࡢ⮬⏤ᗘࡀୖࡀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬⌧ᅾ㸪ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡜ࡋ㸪ᕤᴗⓗ࡟ࡼࡾ୍⯡ⓗ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࢳࢱࣥ⣔ྜ㔠࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㝧ᴟ㓟໬ᢏ⾡ࡢ㐺⏝ཬࡧࡑࢀࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ PSP ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜࠸㸪᭦࡞ࡿᢏ⾡ⓗ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢᣑ኱ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣୖ㏙ࡢ┠ⓗࡢ㐩ᡂࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᕝῧࡽࡢ◊✲ 9) ࢆᇶ࡟ AT-PSP ࡢసᡂ᪉ἲࢆᨵⰋࡋ㸪ᚑ᮶ᆺࡼࡾࡶඃࢀࡓ㟼≉ᛶ࣭ື≉ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ AT-PSP ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᶍᆺୖࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ⛣ື⾪ᧁἼࡢᅽຊศᕸࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟ྍど໬ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿ㸬ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩1) Liu, T. and Sullivan J.P., Pressure and Temperature Sensitive Paints, Springer-Verlag (2005).
2) Gregory, J., Sakaue, H., Sullivan, J.: Characterization of Miniature Fluidic Oscillator Flowfields Using Porous
Pressure Sensitive Paint, ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting, FEDSM2001-18058.
3) Kameda, M., Seki, H., Makoshi, T., Amao, Y. and Nakakita, K.: A fast-response pressure sensor based on a
dye-absorbed silica nanoparticle film, Sensors and Actuators B, pp.342-349(2012)
4) Asai, K.: Luminescent Coating with an Extremely High Oxygen Sensitivity at Low Temperatures, Patent
Pending, No. H9-207351(1997)
5) Sakaue, H., Sullivan, J.P., Asai, K., Iijima, Y. and Kunimasu, T.: Anodized aluminum pressure sensitive paint ina cryogenic wind tunnel, Proc.45th Int. Instrumentation Symposium, pp.345-354(1999)
6) Numata, D., Fujii, S., Nagai, H. and Asai, K.: Ultrafast-Response Anodized-Aluminum Pressure-Sensitive
Paints for Unsteady Flow Measurement, AIAA Journal Vol.55, pp.1118-1125(2017)7) Baron, A.E., Danielson J.D.S., Gouterman, M., Wan, J.R., Callis, J.B. and McLachlan, B.: Submillisecond
response time of oxygen-quenched luminescent coatings, Rev. Sci. Istrum. 64, pp.3394-3402(1993)
8) Kameya, T., Matsuda, Y., Egami, Y., Yamaguchi, H., Niimi, T.: Dual luminescent arrays sensor fabricated byinkjet-printing of pressure- and temperature- sensitive paints, Sensors and Actuators B, pp.70-77(2012)9) ᕝῧ㣁୍㑻㸪἟⏣኱ᶞ㸸㧗㏿ὶࢀ࡛ࡢྍど໬ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓ㝧ᴟ㓟໬ࢳࢱࣥᆺឤᅽሬᩱࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸪ᖹᡂ 30ᖺᗘ⾪ᧁἼࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘

48

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮ὶయࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿ㠀ᐃᖖὶࢀ⌧㇟ࡢゎ᫂࡜ᕤᏛⓗᛂ⏝͊⚟⏣⣫኱*ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ⯟✵ᏱᐂᏛ⛉ ⯟✵ᏱᐂᏛᑓᨷ
Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨ ᮾᾏ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊⚟⏣◊✲ᐊ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ㠀ᐃᖖὶࢀ⌧㇟ࡢゎ᫂ࠊ㠀ᐃᖖ㐠ືࢆ⾜࠺≀య࿘ࡾࡢὶ
ࢀ⌧㇟ࡢゎ᫂࡜ࡑࡢᕤᏛⓗᛂ⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢᴫせࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋỈ࡞࡝ࡢᾮ⁲ࢆࣟࢣࢵࢺᄇὶ࡟ὀධࡍࡿᡭἲࡣࠊࣟࢣࢵࢺᡴࡕୖࡆ᫬࡟㡢㡪Ἴࡀᦚ㍕⾨ᫍ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ
㡪ࢆపῶࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࢩࣕࢺࣝࡸ H-ϩ
ϩA/B ࣟࢣࢵࢺ࡞࡝ྛᅜࡢ኱ᆺࣟࢣࢵࢺ
ࡢᡴࡕୖࡆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡋࡤࡋࡤ౑ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡣᮍࡔ࡟ศ࠿ࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ⤒㦂ⓗ࡟ὀỈ᪉ἲࢆỴᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᡃࠎࡢゎᯒ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢὶࢀሙࡸⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ㡢㡪Ἴ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᫬㛫ᖹᆒሙࢆணࡍࡿ RANS(Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes)ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣண

ࡀ༑ศ࡛࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ㧗࣐ࢵࣁᩘᅛẼ/Ẽᾮΰ┦஘ὶ(⾪ᧁἼ➼ࢆྵࡴẼయ୰࡟⢏Ꮚࡀΰᅾࡍࡿΰ┦஘ὶ)ࡢ⌮ゎ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊ㧗࣐ࢵࣁᩘ࣭పࣞ࢖ࣀࣝࢬᩘὶࢀ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ༢య⢏Ꮚ࿘ࡾὶࢀࡢ┤᥋ゎᯒ(Direct Numerical Simulation: DNS)ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ⢏ᏊࡢᏑᅾࡀ㧗㏿஘ὶ⌧㇟࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓ
ࡵࡢ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࡼࡾࠊ㧗 Mach ᩘ㺃ప Re ᩘࡢ᮲௳ୗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊMach ᩘ㺃Re
ᩘ㺃↓ḟඖᅇ㌿ᩘ➼ࡢㅖ᮲௳ࡀὶࢀሙࡸᢠຊಀᩘࠊᥭຊಀᩘ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ
≉࡟ࠊ⌫ࡢᅇ㌿࡟ࡼࡿᥭຊࡣ Mach ᩘࡀ኱ࡁ࠸᮲௳࡛ࡣ㠀ᅽ⦰ᛶὶࢀ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ⴭࡋࡃᢚไࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ㠀ᅽ⦰ᛶὶࢀ࡛ࡣᅇ㌿ࡢᙳ㡪࡛㈇ᅽࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ㡿ᇦ㏆ഐ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᅽ⦰ᛶὶࢀ࡛ࡣ
⾪ᧁἼࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛㈇ᅽ㡿ᇦࡢᙧᡂࡀᢚไࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿࠋ⢏Ꮚࡢᅇ㌿࡟ࡼࡿᥭຊࡣ
ΰ┦ὶ୰ࡢ⢏Ꮚࡢᣲືࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛㔜せ࡞ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ౛࠼ࡤ⢏Ꮚࢡࣛࢫࢱࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ㝿࡟ࢡࣛࢫࢱእ⦕ࡢ⢏Ꮚࡀᅇ㌿ࡋࠊࡑࡢᅇ㌿࡟ࡼࡿᥭຊ࡛⢏Ꮚࢡࣛࢫࢱࡣศᩓࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᅇ㌿࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ࡌࡿ௜╔⾪ᧁἼࡢᙳ㡪࡛⌫⾲㠃࡛ࡢᦶ᧿ᛂຊศᕸࡀ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡋࠊᅇ㌿ࢆṆࡵࡿ᪉ྥࡢ࣮࣓ࣔࣥࢺࡣ㠀ᅽ⦰ᛶὶࢀࡢሙྜࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࠊᅽ⦰ᛶΰ┦ὶࡢࣔࢹࣝᵓ⠏࡟ྥࡅ࡚㔜せ࡞▱ぢࢆᚓࡓࠋ௒ᚋࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ▱ぢࢆඖ࡟ࠊ⡆᫆ⓗ࡞㠀ᐃᖖゎᯒ(Large-eddy Simulation: LES)ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࠊᐇ㝿ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡛฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࢶ࣮ࣝࢆసᡂࡋ࡚ࣟࢣࢵࢺ㛤Ⓨ࡬ࡢᛂ⏝࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᭷ຠᛶࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ⇿㢼ࡢணࡸ࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝࡛㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿ㧗㏿ΰ┦஘ὶ⌧㇟ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ㐍ࡵࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊCFD ᢏ⾡ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓ㧗ᛶ⬟ࢯ࣮࣮࣮ࣛ࢝ࡢ✵ຊ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩘ್ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡾヲ⣽࡞ὶࢀሙࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛✵Ẽ᢬ᢠࡀప࠸㌴యࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᐇ㝿ࡢ࣮ࣞࢫࡢ
㢼ἣࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ᶓ㢼ࡀᙉ࠸≧ἣୗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㧗࠸✵ຊᛶ⬟ࡀⓎ᥹࡛ࡁࡿ㌴యᙧ≧ࡢ᳨ウࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
2019 ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊୡ⏺᭱㧗ᓠࡢ࣮ࣞࢫ࡛ᙉ㢼ࡀ྿ࡁⲨࢀࡿ㐣㓞ࡢ᮲௳ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ‽ඃ຾ࡢዲᡂ⦼ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㠀ᅽ⦰ᛶὶࢀࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊゎᯒ᱁Ꮚࢆ⏝࠸ࡎ࡟ゎᯒࡀ⾜࠼ࡿࣛࢢࣛࣥࢪࣗᆺ஘ὶゎᯒᡭἲࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ࠊ஘ὶ
ὶᇶ♏ὶࢀ࡟㐺⏝ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊࡢ㠀ᐃᖖኚᙧ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ

せ⣲ࢆ෌㓄⨨ࡍࡿᡭἲࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࠊ஘

せ⣲ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࢆ኱ࡁࡵ࡟ྲྀࡗࡓゎᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࢥࣝࣔࢦࣟࣇࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ

࡟⮳ࡿ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ࢝ࢫࢣ࣮ࢻ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡜⣲㐣⛬ࢆ⢭ᗘⰋࡃゎᯒ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᡭἲ
࡛ࡣࠊᒁᡤⓗ࡞㏿ᗘࡦࡎࡳ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚⮬ືⓗ࡟✵㛫ゎീᗘࡀㄪᩚࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ㧗⢭ᗘ࡞ゎᯒࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊチᐜࡍࡿࡦࡎࡳ㔞ࢆࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚タᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊゎᯒ⪅ࡀゎᯒ๓࡟⏝㏵࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ィ⟬㈇Ⲵ࡜ゎᯒ⢭ᗘࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ᱁Ꮚࡀᚲせ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ」㞧ᙧ≧ࡸ⛣ື≀య࡬ࡢ㐺⏝ࡀᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡾࠊᥦ᱌ࡋࡓᡭἲࢆࡉࡽ࡟ᨵⰋࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊணࡵゎᯒ⢭ᗘࢆタᐃࡋゎᯒࢆᐇ᪋࡛ࡁࡿ㐠㌿ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡢ☜❧ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࡣࠊࡇࡢᡭἲࡢᕤᏛⓗᛂ⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀ௨እ࡟ࡶࠊ⾑ὶὶࢀࡸ⭈⮚⤖▼ࡢὶື࡞࡝ࡢ⏕యὶࢀ࡬ࡢὶయࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢᛂ⏝ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᩘከࡃࡢ௻ᴗ࡜ࡢඹྠ◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᵝࠎ࡞〇ရࡢ㧗ᛶ⬟໬࡟㈉⊩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

49㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮㧗㏿㐟Ὃࡍࡿ࢔ࢨࣛࢩ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿయ⾲㠃ࡢࡋࢃᵓ㐀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚✄⏣႐ಙ*㸪ఀᮾៅ୍㑻*㸪⏥ᩫ༓㐶*㸪ᑎἑᩥ⏨͊
ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ*㸪᪂ỤࣀᓥỈ᪘㤋͊㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
࢖ࣝ࢝ࡸ࢔ࢨࣛࢩ࡞࡝ࡢỈ᳇⏕≀ࡣ㸪య⾲㠃࡟ẚ㍑ⓗཌࡳࡢ࠶ࡿ⬡⫫ᒙࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ⬡⫫ᒙࡣእ⏺ࡢᗘኚ໬࡟ᑐࡋ࡚య

ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡘ࡯࠿㸪ᙎᛶࢆᣢࡘ⬡⫫ᒙࡀ㧗㏿㐟Ὃ᫬࡟ኚᙧࡋ࡚య

ࡢ⾲㠃࡟ࡋࢃ≧ࡢᵓ㐀ࢆసࡾ㸪ὶࢀࡢ᢬ᢠࢆపῶࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬Sir James Gray ࡀᥦၐࡋࡓ Gray’s
paradox ࡛ࡣ㸪࢖ࣝ࢝ࡀᣢࡘ➽⫗࡛ࡣ㧗㏿㐟Ὃ᫬ࡢ᢬ᢠ࡟ᡴࡕ຾ࡘࡓࡵࡢ➽ຊࢆⓎ᥹࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪య⾲㠃࡟࡛ࡁࡿࡋࢃࡀ㸪᢬ᢠࢆῶࡽࡋ࡚㧗㏿࡞㐟Ὃࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪࢖ࣝ࢝࡟ẚ࡭࡚య⾲㠃ࡀᰂࡽ࠿ࡃ㸪ࡋࢃࡢ࡛ࡁࡸࡍ࠸࢔ࢨࣛࢩࢆ⏝࠸࡚㐟Ὃ᫬ࡢࡋࢃࡢᵓ㐀ࢆศᯒࡋࡓ㸬㸰㸬᪉ἲ ᪂ỤࣀᓥỈ᪘㤋࡛㣫⫱ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢦ࣐ࣇ࢔ࢨࣛࢩ㸦Phoca largha㸧ࡢ㐟Ὃࢆ㧗㏿ᗘࣅࢹ࣓࡛࢜࢝ࣛ᧜ᙳ

᪂ỤࣀᓥỈ᪘㤋ࡋ㸪㧗㏿㐟Ὃ᫬࡟࡛ࡁࡿయ⾲㠃ࡢࡋࢃࢆほᐹࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 1㸧㸬 ࡋࢃࡣ࠶ࡿ୍ᐃ㏿ᗘ (1.93m/s)௨

ࢦ࣐ࣇ࢔ࢨࣛࢩࡢỈᵴ

㧗㏿ᗘ࣓࢝ࣛ䠄NAC MEMRECAM Q1m䠅ୖ࡛Ὃࡄ㝿࡟㸪⬗యࡢ๓㒊࡜ᚋ㒊ࡢ≉ᐃࡢሙᡤ࡟⌧ࢀ㸪ࡋࡤࡽࡃࡢ㛫఩ᅗ 1 ࢦ࣐ࣇ࢔ࢨࣛࢩࡢ㐟Ὃ᧜ᙳ⨨ࡸᙧࢆኚ࠼ࡎ࡟య⾲㠃࡟Ꮡᅾࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢᵝᏊࢆ㧗㏿ᗘࣅࢹ࡛࢜᧜ᙳ
ࡋ㸪ࡋࢃࡢ࿘ᮇࡸ᣺ᖜࢆィ

ࡋࡓ

㸦ᅗ 2㸧
㸬

㸱㸬⤖ᯝ
 ㌟యࡢ๓᪉(Front)ࡢయ⾲㠃࡟⌧ࢀࡓࡋࢃࡢ࿘ᮇࡸ᣺ᖜ࡜ࠊ㐟Ὃ㏿ᗘ

ᅗ 2 ࢦ࣐ࣇ࢔ࢨࣛࢩࡢయ⾲㠃࡟⌧ࢀࡓࡋࢃᵓ㐀

Wave length (cm)㸦Oga, Waka㸧ࡢほᐹ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢಶయ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡋࢃࡢ࿘ᮇࡸ᣺ᖜࡀ㐟Ὃ㏿ᗘࡢቑຍ࡜࡜ࡶ
࡟ῶᑡࡍࡿഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪࿘ᮇ࡜᣺ᖜࡢẚࡶྠᵝ࡟㐟Ὃ㏿ᗘ

45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

ࡿ࡜㸪᢬ᢠపῶຠᯝࢆᣢࡘྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡍ⤖ᯝ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬

Wavelength/Amplitude㐟Ὃ᫬࡟ࡢࡳ⌧ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃៖ࡍy = -0.072x + 26.73(a)ࡇࢀࡽࡢഴྥࡣ㸪ὶࢀࡢ㏿ᗘ࡜ࡋࢃ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡋࢃࡀ㧗㏿

y = -0.13x + 44.61

190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290
Speed (cm/s)

࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ῶᑡࡍࡿഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡢᙧ≧ࡢ㛫࡟ఱ➼࠿ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀ

Waka-front
Oga-front
Waka-front
Oga-front

0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0

Amplitude (cm)࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆᅗ 3 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬ᅗࡣ 2 ಶయ

Waka-front
Oga-front
Waka-front
Oga-fronty = -7E-05x + 0.060

y = -0.0003x + 0.12
190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290
Speed (cm/s)

(c)

50



2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

Waka-front
Oga-front
Waka-front
Oga-fronty = -0.0056x + 1.87
y = -0.0028x + 1.02

190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290
Speed (cm/s)(b)
ᅗ 3 ᐃ⤖ᯝ(a) ࡋࢃࡢ࿘ᮇ(b) ࡋࢃࡢ᣺ᖜ(c) ࡋࢃࡢ᣺ᖜ/࿘ᮇ㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮⫼ᬒᆺࢩ࣮ࣗࣜࣞࣥἲࡢἼ㠃⿵ൾ࡟╔┠ࡋࡓ㉸ᮃ㐲㧗⢭ᗘྍど໬ィࠥྍᦙᆺ⿵ൾගᏛ⿦⨨࡟ࡼࡿἼ㠃⿵ൾ࡟ྥࡅࡓ᳨ウࠥ͊ྜྷᐩ㻌 ຬ㈗㻖䠈ᴮ୪㻌 ிḟ㑻㻖䠈኱ᰠ㻌 ඞử㻖㻖䠈Ỉ᭩⛱἞㻖㻖*ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ᶵᲔᕤᏛᑓᨷ
**ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊⯟✵ᏱᐂᏛ⛉⯟✵ᏱᐂᏛᑓᨷ

ᐇᶵ⯟✵Ᏹᐂᶵ࿘ᅖࡢὶࢀሙࡢ┤᥋ィ ࡣ㸪㢼Ὕᐇ㦂࡞࡝ࡢ⦰ᑻᶍᆺࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓᐊෆᐇ㦂࡛ࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ᐇᶵ㛤Ⓨ࡟㈗㔜࡞᝟ሗࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪⦰ᑻヨ㦂࡛ࡣὶయຊᏛⓗ┦ఝ๎ࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ Reynolds ᩘ࡜ Mach ᩘࡢࡩࡓࡘࡢ㔜せ࡞↓ḟඖᩘࢆᐇᶵ࡜ྠ୍࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡜㸪እ஘ࡢ෌⌧㸦㧗ᗘ࡟ࡼࡿ ᗘศᕸ㸪Ẽὶࡢࡌࡻ࠺஘࡟ࡼࡿ୙ᆒ୍ᛶ㸧ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ㸬⌧ᅾ᪥ᮏ㸪⡿ᅜ㸪࠾ࡼࡧḢᕞࡀᐇ⏝໬◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿḟୡ௦㉸㡢㏿ᶵ࡛ࡣ㸪㉸㡢㏿㣕⾜᫬࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ⾪ᧁ㦁㡢㸦ࢯࢽࢵࢡࣈ࣮࣒㸧ࡢపῶࡀ୙ྍḞࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪኱ᆺ⯟✵ᶵࡢᚋ᪉஘Ẽ
ὶࡢⓎ㐩ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪⦾ᛁ࡞୺せ✵ ࡛ࡢ㞳Ⓨ╔ຠ⋡ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⌧㇟ࢆィ ࡍࡿᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ගᏛⓗྍど໬ィ ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ᶵయ࡟ྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡓᅽຊኚ᥮ჾ
࡞࡝ࡢⅬィ ࡛ࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸඲ど㔝ⓗ࡞ὶࢀሙ᝟ሗࡢྲྀᚓࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸㸬㣕⾜୰ࡢ⯟✵Ᏹᐂᶵ࿘ᅖࡢὶࢀሙࢆᶵእ࠿ࡽྲྀᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ᚲ↛ⓗ࡟㛗㊥㞳᧜ᙳ㸦ᮃ㐲᧜ᙳ㸧࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪㛗㊥㞳࠿ࡽࡢ᧜ᙳࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࡣ኱Ẽࡺࡽࡂ࡟ࡼࡿィ ⏬ീࡢ✵㛫ศゎ⬟ࡢపୗࡀ㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᒇእ࡛ᗈ⠊ᅖ࡞⌧㇟ࢆ⡆᫆࡞ගᏛ⣔࡛ྍど໬ྍ⬟࡞ Background-Oriented
Schlieren㸦BOS㸧ἲࢆィ ཎ⌮࡜ࡋ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟㸪኱Ẽࡺࡽࡂ࡟ࡼࡿィ ⏬ീࡢ✵㛫ศゎ⬟ࡢపୗࢆ㸪㉥እ⥺ኳᩥᏛ࡛Ⓨ㐩ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ⿵ൾගᏛࢆ⼥ྜࡉࡏࡓගᏛ⣔ࢆ๰㐀ࡋ⢭ᗘྥୖࢆ┠ᣦࡍ㸦ᅗཧ↷㸧㸬ᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣ㸪㔝እ࡟࠾ࡅࡿィ ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚◊✲୰ࡢྍᦙᆺ⿵ൾගᏛ⣔ࡢᴫせ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿ㸬ᅗ㻌 ⫼ᬒᆺ䝅䝳䝸䞊䝺䞁ἲ䠄㻮㻻㻿䠅䛸⿵ൾගᏛ䠄㻭㻻䠅䜢⼥ྜ䛥䛫䛯 㻭㻻㻙㻮㻻㻿 ἲ㻌͊\RVKLWRPL\#P]NNODEFRP

51

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮ᕤᏛ㒊⯟✵ᏱᐂᏛ⛉⯟✵ᏱᐂᏛᑓᨷ Ỉ᭩◊✲ᐊMizukaki Laboratory, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, School of Engineering, Tokai Universityᩍᤵ࣭Ỉ᭩⛱἞
Professor, Dr. Eng. Toshiharu MIZUKAKI⾪ᧁἼࡣ㸪㉸㡢㏿ᶵ࡞࡝㧗㏿࡛㣕⾜ࡍࡿ⯟✵ᶵ࡜ᡴࡕୖࡆࣟࢣࢵࢺࡢ࿘ᅖ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣⅆᫍ࡞࡝኱Ẽࢆᣢࡘᝨᫍ࡬✺ධࡍࡿ᥈ᰝᶵ࿘ᅖ࡞࡝࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᣲືࡢゎ᫂ࡸணࡣ㸪Ᏻ඲࡞㣕⾜࣭⯟⾜ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㔜せ࡛ࡍ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⾪ᧁἼࡣ㸪⇿Ⓨ࡞࡝ࡢ▐㛫ⓗ࡟࢚ࢿࣝࢠࡀ㛤ᨺࡉࢀࡿ⌧㇟࡛ࡶⓎ⏕ࡋ㸪㡢㏿ࢆ㉸࠼࡚▐᫬࡟࿘ᅖ࡟ᗈࡀࡾࡲࡍ㸬ࡇࡢ᫬㸪≀యࡸேయෆࢆ㏱㐣ࡍࡿ࡜ᵝࠎ࡞స⏝ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡓࡵ㸪⇿Ⓨ஦ᨾࡸ⇿ᙎࢸࣟ࡞࡝ࡢ͆ࡶࡋࡶࡢ᫬͇࡟ഛ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪≀య࡜⾪ᧁἼࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ͆Ᏻ඲࡞♫఍͇ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛㔜せ࡛ࡍ㸬ᙜ◊✲ᐊ࡛ࡣ㸪⯟✵Ᏹᐂศ㔝ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸪⾪ᧁἼ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࡢゎ᫂㸪⾪ᧁἼࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢⓎ⏕᪉ἲ࡜ィᡭἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪㉸㡢㏿㣕ࡋࡻ࠺య࿘ᅖ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ⾪ᧁἼ᣺ືࡢゎ᫂㸪ࢹࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ᪂ᆺࡢ᥎㐍ᶵ㛤Ⓨ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ⇿Ⓨ㜵ㆤ◊✲࡛ࡍ㸬
Shock wave is defined as the pressure wave that propagate above the speed of sound of atmospheric medium. The
shock wave does appear around high-speed transports, launch rockets, and space capsules including planet probing.
Therefore, detail understanding and precise prediction of behavior of shock waves is significantly important for safe
operation of aero/space crafts. Furthermore, to understand the effects by shock waves is important for safety of dairy
life because the shock wave is generated by sudden energy release in the air, such as explosions and lightning. At thislaboratory, the research projects on unsteady shock waves oscillation around aero/space crafts, the advanced
propulsion device using detonation, and explosion safety have been progressing.

 
Fig. 1 Flow visualization around supersonic intake.

Fig. 2. Concept of Pulse jet engine for Martian aircraft.

͊PL]XNDNL#P]NNWVFXWRNDLDFMS

52

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࡿ㉸㡢㏿⮬⏤ᄇὶࡢຍ㏿᪂஭⏤㤶*㸪͊ᇼ⃝⚽அ**㸪஧⏣❳ኴ**㸪Ỉ㔝⿱௓***㸪㧗ᶫ ಇ**㸪⚟⏣⣫኱***ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉, **ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊, ***ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ⥲ྜ⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨㸯 㸬◊✲┠ⓗ Ẽὶࢆ㟁Ẽⓗ࡟㸦୺࡜ࡋ࡚࢔࣮ࢡᨺ㟁࡛㸧ຍ⇕ࡋ࡚㸪ࣀࢬࣝࢆ௓ࡋ࡚✵ẼຊᏛⓗ࡟ຍ㏿ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡣ㸪୺࡟ᮦᩱຍᕤ㸦ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ㸧㸪Ᏹᐂ᥎㐍㸦࢔࣮ࢡࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ㸧㸪㧗࢚ࣥࢱࣝࣆ㢼Ὕ㸦࢔࣮ࢡຍ⇕㢼Ὕ㸧࡞࡝࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ᪉ἲࡣ㸪୺࡜ࡋ࡚ᨺ㟁㟁ὶࡢไᚚ࡟ࡼࡾᢞධ ࡍࡿ㟁ຊࡢไᚚࡀྍ⬟࡛㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕẼὶࡢ඲ 㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㏿ᗘ㸪ࡢไᚚࡀ㟁Ẽⓗ࡟ྍ⬟࡞Ⅼࡀඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ᪉ἲࡣẼὶࢆ┤᥋ⓗ࡟ຍ⇕ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟Ẽὶࡢ඲ ࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡢ࡛㸪ప⼥Ⅼ㸦ప⇕ศゎⅬ㸧ᮦᩱࡢຍᕤ࡞
࡝ࡢ┠ⓗ࡟ࡣ㐺ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪኱Ẽᅽୗ࡛㉸㡢㏿Ẽὶࢆࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࡾຍ
㏿ࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ୖグࡢ࢔࣮ࢡᨺ㟁࡟ࡼࡿẼὶࡢ┤᥋ຍ⇕࣭ຍ㏿࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪㉸㡢㏿Ẽὶ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ྠ㍈࡟ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࢆᄇᑕࡋ࡚๧᩿ᒙࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚Ẽὶࡢ㏿ᗘቑ኱ࢆᅗࡿ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ドࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪๧᩿ᒙࢆ௓ࡍࡿᄇὶࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡀ㸪ᑐ㇟ᄇὶࡢ㏿ᗘቑຍ࡟࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࡟స⏝ࡋᚓࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿ㸬ᮏሗ࿌࡛ࡣ㸪ᩘ್ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ὶ࡟ࡼࡿᄇὶຍ㏿ࡢ᭷ຠᛶ㸪」ᩘࡢࣀࢬࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿᄇὶไᚚࡢ᭷ຠᛶ 㸪ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ὶ㸦㧗 ࢞ࢫὶ࡜௬ᐃ㸧ࡢ᮲௳㸦౛࠼ࡤ඲ ࡸฟཱྀ࣐ࢵࣁᩘ࡞࡝㸧ࡢኚ໬ࡀ㉸㡢㏿⮬⏤ᄇὶ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᩘ್ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙ
ࣥ࡟ࡼࡾ᳨ウࡍࡿ㸬㸰㸬⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ ᅗ࡟ࣉࣛࢬ࣐࡟ࡼࡿᄇὶຍ㏿ࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ドࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟୰ᚰ㒊ࡢᄇὶ㸦nozzle 1㸧ࡀࣉࣛࢬ࣐ὶࡢ
ሙྜ㸦case1–1㸧࡜㠀ຍ⇕ὶࡢሙྜ㸦case1–2㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪↓ḟඖ᫬㛫 t* = 767 ࡢ࡜ࡁࡢࣀࢬࣝฟཱྀ㏆ഐࡢ
㏿ᗘ㸪ᅽຊࡢ➼㧗⥺ᅗࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗࡼࡾ㸪㏿ᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ὶࡢ᪉ࡀ 㠀ຍ⇕ὶࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁ࠸್ࢆ
ୗὶࡲ࡛⥔ᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ case1–2 ࡛ࡣᆶ┤⾪ᧁἼࡢⓎ⏕࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ Nozzle 1 ࠿ࡽࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠࡀᢚไ
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪case1–1 ࡛ࡣ඲ ࡀ㧗 ࡢࡓࡵࣀࢬࣝฟཱྀ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㡢㏿ࡢ್ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ ⌮⏤࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ᅽຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㟼ᅽࡼࡾࡶ⫼ᅽ㸦኱Ẽᅽ㸧ࡢ᪉ࡀ್ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡓࡵ 㸪ὶࢀࡣ㐣⭾ᙇࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬

case1–1 Plasmajet flow
case1–2 Non–heated flow
Figure: Distributions of (a)velocity magnitude and (b)pressure at non-dimensional time oft* = 767.

͊㐃⤡ඛHPDLOKRULVDZD#WRNDLDFMS

53

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮໬Ꮫᖹ⾮ィ⟬ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ↓ẘᛶ᥎㐍๣ࡢᛶ⬟ホ౯ᅵᒇ ග㡰㸪኱ሯ 㝣ே㸪ᇼ⃝ ⚽அᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ᶵᲔᕤᏛᑓᨷ
1.
◊✲せ᪨
 ㏆ᖺ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟ⾨ᫍ㸪ࢼࣀ⾨ᫍ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࣆࢥ⾨ᫍ࡞࡝ࡢ㉸ᑠᆺேᕤ⾨ᫍࡀὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ࡣ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㸪ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ
ጼໃ࠾ࡼࡧ㌶㐨ࡢ㧗࠸ไᚚᛶࡀᚲせ࡞ሙྜࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚ࡃࡿ㸬ᚑ᮶㸪ࣄࢻࣛࢪࣥࡀ㸪᭱ࡶ୍⯡ⓗ࡞᥎㐍๣࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪จᅛⅬࡀ 274K ࡜ẚ㍑ⓗ㧗ࡃ㸪Ᏹᐂ⎔ቃୗ࡛ࡢ㈓ⶶࡢࡓࡵ࡟ ᗘ⟶⌮ࡀᚲせ࠿ࡘࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟཯ᛂᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ᭷ẘ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࢱࣥࢡ࠾ࡼࡧࣂࣝࣈ࡟㐺ษ࡞ᮦᩱࢆ⏝࠸ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᅗ 1 ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢔࣮ࢡࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ᥎㐍ᶵ➼ࡢ㟁⇕ຍ㏿ᆺ᥎㐍ᶵ࡟⏝࠸ࡿᾮయ᥎㐍๣ࡢ㑅ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬᥎㐍๣࡟ࡣ㸪ᶆူ࣮ွွ၆ဵၑၖ諄覿絣࿾蘑‽≧ែ࡛Ᏻ඲࠿ࡘ໬Ꮫⓗ࡟Ᏻᐃ࡛㸪≉ᐃࡢ㜈್ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿධຊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ ᅗGG Xူᐦᗘࢆ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓሙྜ࡟㸪໬Ꮫⓗ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ⏕ᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆ㑅ᐃࡍࡿ㸬ほᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪ᶆ‽≧ែ࡛Ᏻ඲࠿ࡘᏳᐃ࡞ᾮయ࠿ࡽࡢⓎ⇕≉ᛶࢆㄪᰝࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㑅ᐃࡍࡿ᥎㐍๣ࡣⴭࡋ࠸Ⓨ⇕≉ᛶࢆ♧ࡍ᪉ࡀዲࡲࡋ࠸㸬ᵝࠎ࡞ᾮయ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ධຊ᫬ࡢ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࡸ཯ᛂ ᗘ㸪཯ᛂ⏕ᡂ≀࡞࡝ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪໬Ꮫᖹ⾮ィ⟬࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᩘ್ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬2.
໬Ꮫᖹ⾮ィ⟬
ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪໬Ꮫᖹ⾮ィ⟬ࢥ࣮ࢻ࡜ࡋ࡚ NASA-Glenn Research Centerࡢ S. Gordon and B. J. McBride ࡟ࡼࡾ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ NASA-CEA5)ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓᮏ◊✲࡛⾜ࡗࡓ໬Ꮫᖹ⾮ィ⟬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᩿⇕ⅆ⅖ ᗘ࣭໬Ꮫᖹ⾮⤌ᡂỴᐃ
ᅗG Y财
财Ꮫ诐
诐賕篯芊ၣၻ࣮
࣮Gࡲ࡛ࡢࣇ࣮ࣟࢳ࣮ࣕࢺࢆ Fig.2 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬ᮏ᪉ἲࡢࡼ࠺࡟➼࢚ࣥࢱࣝࣆࢆ௬
ᐃࡋࡓ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࣂࣛࣥࢫἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓィ⟬࡛ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ๓ࡢ㈓Ẽ
₈≧ែ࡛ࡢ໬Ꮫ⤌ᡂ࡜ ᗘࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪⇞↝๓ࡢ࢚ࣥࢱࣝࣆ
ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࡢᚋ㸪⇞↝᫬( ᗘ࣭⤌ᡂኚ໬᫬)ࡢ ᗘࢆ௬ᐃࡋ㸪ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ⟬ฟࡉࢀࡿ໬Ꮫ⤌ᡂࡼࡾ࢚ࣥࢱࣝࣆࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸪⇞↝๓ࡢ࢚ࣥࢱࣝࣆ࡜
ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡀ୍⮴ࡋࡓ࡜ぢ࡞ࡏࡿ ᗘ࡟༑ศ࡟཰᮰ࡍࡿࡲ࡛⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋィ⟬ࢆ⾜࠺㸬཰᮰᫬ࡢ ᗘࢆ᩿⇕ⅆ⅖ ᗘ㸪⤌ᡂࢆ໬Ꮫᖹ⾮⤌ᡂ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪⇞↝᫬ࡢ໬Ꮫ⤌ᡂࡣ JANAF ࡢ⇕໬Ꮫࢹ࣮ࢱ⾲࡟グ㍕ࡉࢀࡓᖹ⾮ᐃᩘࢆඖ࡟ィ⟬ࡍࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪᥎㐍ᛶ⬟ࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿሙྜࡣ㸪ࣀࢬࣝ㛤ཱྀẚࡸᅽຊẚ➼ࢆᣦᐃࡋ㸪ᚓࡽࢀࡓ᩿⇕ⅆ⅖ ᗘ࠿ࡽ‽୍ḟඖࣀࢬࣝゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ẚ᥎ຊ➼ࢆண ࡍࡿ㸬ᅗGG [舔
舔螤缩࿻ᑐ࿩
࿩ရ竫諄覿๣࿾
࿾G3.
ィ⟬⤖ᯝ胮ᛂ 繱࿾ှၷၣ
ᶆ‽≧ែ࡛໬Ꮫⓗ࡟Ᏻᐃ࡞㸪Ỉࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡜ࡋࡓᾮయ᥎㐍๣ࡢⓎ⇕≉ᛶࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢᾮయࢆ㸪໬Ꮫᖹ⾮ィ⟬ࢥ࣮ࢻ(CEA)ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ẚ
㍑᳨࣭ウࡋࡓ㸬 ᅗ 3 ࡜ᅗ 4 ࡟㸪Ỉ㸪㓑㓟㸪㓑㓟Ỉ⁐ᾮ(60 mol%)㸪
HFE(Hydrofluoroether)㸪HFE Ỉ⁐ᾮ(20 mol%)㸪㐣㓟໬Ỉ⣲㸪㓑㓟㸫࢚ࢱࣀ࣮ࣝΰྜᾮ㸪࢚ࢱࣀ࣮ࣝ㸪CO2 ࠾ࡼࡧࣄࢻࣛࢪࣥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚໬Ꮫᖹ⾮ィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬඲࡚ࡢ᥎㐍๣࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪཯ᛂ ᗘࡣẚධຊࡀୖࡀࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚࡯ࡰ༢ㄪ࡟ቑຍࡍࡿ㸬 ≉࡟㸪HFE ࠾ࡼࡧ HFE Ỉ⁐ᾮ㸪CO2ࡣ㸪ẚධຊ(1 ~ 40 kJ / g)ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛㧗࠸཯ᛂ ᗘ(HFE㸸1000 ~ 3900 K㸪HFEỈ⁐ᾮ㸸1500 ~ 3500 K㸪CO2㸸590 ~ 5800 K)ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ࡑࡢᚋ㸪㐣㓟໬Ỉ⣲ࡀ⥆ࡃ(1100 ~ 3100 K)㸬Ỉ㸪㓑㓟㸪㓑㓟Ỉ⁐ᾮ㸪HFE㸪HFE Ỉ⁐ᾮ㸪㐣㓟໬Ỉ⣲㸪㓑㓟㸫࢚ࢱࣀ࣮ࣝΰྜᾮ㸪࢚ࢱࣀ࣮ࣝ㸪CO2 ࠾ࡼࡧࣄࢻࣛࢪ
ࣥࡢ㸪ẚධຊ(ࡲࡓࡣẚ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮)࡟ᑐࡍࡿẚ᥎ຊࡢ᥎⛣ࢆᅗ 2 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬཯ᛂ ᗘ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪඲࡚ࡢ᥎㐍๣ࡢሙྜ࡟ẚධຊࡢቑຍ࡟క࠸ẚ᥎ຊࡶ ᅗGG Z舔舔螤缩࿻ᑐ࿩
࿩ရ竫諄覿๣࿾
࿾G༢ㄪ࡟ቑຍࡍࡿ㸬ᗈ⠊ᅖࡢẚධຊ(1 ~ 40 kJ / g)࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪HFE Ỉ⁐ᾮࡀ 舔諄缩࿾ှၷၣ
230 ~ 710 s ࡜᭱ࡶ㧗࠸್ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ḟ࡟ࣄࢻࣛࢪࣥ(230 ~ 610 s)ࡀ⥆ࡃ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬54

㻞㻜㻝㻥㻘㻰㼑㼏㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㼠㼔㻘㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻿㼥㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼡㼙㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻞㻜㻝㻥ᖺ䚷➨㻝ᅇ䚷ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮ගࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ඛ➃⇕※ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㉸ᑠᆺ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ຍ⇕᥎㐍ᶵࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ͊㇏⏣ᗈᾏ㸪኱すᝳோ㸪㜿㒊្ே㸪ụ⏣▱⾜㸪ᇼ⃝⚽அ**ᮾᾏ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊⯟✵ᏱᐂᏛ⛉⯟✵ᏱᐂᏛᑓᨷ

Ⓨ⾲ࡢせ᪨㏆ᖺ㸪኱Ꮫ࡞࡝ࡢ◊✲ᶵ㛵ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ኱ᆺ⾨ᫍ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ẚ㍑ⓗ▷ᮇ㛫࠿ࡘᏳ౯࡟㛤Ⓨࡀྍ⬟࡞㉸ᑠᆺேᕤ⾨ᫍࡢ㛤ⓎࡀάⓎ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⾨ᫍࡣ᥎㐍ᶵࢆᦚ㍕ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ᐇ⌧ࡀྍ⬟࡞࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡸ⾨ᫍࡢ㐠⏝ᮇ㛫࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ไ㝈ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪᥎㐍ᶵࢆᦚ㍕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡼࡾ㧗ᗘ࡞࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ᑠᆺ⾨ᫍᦚ㍕⏝ࡢᑠᆺ᥎㐍ᶵࡢ㟂せࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑠᆺ⾨ᫍ⏝ࡢ᥎㐍ᶵࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ᙜࡓࡾ㸪ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣ་⒪ศ㔝࡛ά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿప㟁ຊ࡛㧗 ⇕※ࢆ⏕ᡂࡍࡿᢏ⾡࡟╔┠ࡋ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟ࡑࡢ᪉ᘧࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᥎㐍ᶵࡢヨస࡜ᛶ⬟ ᐃࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡑࡢ᭷ຠᛶࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ヨసࡋࡓ᥎㐍ᶵࡢᴫせࢆ௨ୗࡢᅗ 1 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬

ᅗ 1 ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ຍ⇕᥎㐍ᶵᴫせ᥎㐍ᶵ࡟ࡣගࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ࡀᤄධࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ගࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ࡢඛ➃࡟ࡣ㓟໬ࢳࢱࣥࡀ⵨╔ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ↷ᑕࡍࡿ࡜㸪ඛ➃ࡢ㓟໬ࢳࢱࣥ㒊ศࡀ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ගࢆ྾཰ࡋ
࡚Ⓨ⇕㸬ࡇࡢ⇕※࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᾮయࡢ᥎㐍๣ࡀຍ⇕㸪Ẽ໬ࡉࢀ㸪᥎㐍๣࢞ࢫࡀⓎ⏕㸬ࡇࡢ࢝ࢫࡣᚋ㒊ࡢࣀࢬࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ẼయຊᏛⓗ࡟ຍ㏿ࡉࢀ㸪ࡇࡢᄇᑕ࡟ࡼࡿ཯ຊࢆ᥎ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᐇ㝿࡟ヨసࡉࢀࡓ᥎㐍ᶵ࡜ࡑࡢືస᫬ࡢࡼ࠺ࡍࢆࡒࢀࡒࢀ௨ୗࡢᅗ 2㸪ᅗ 3 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬

ᅗ 2 ヨసࡋࡓ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ຍ⇕᥎㐍ᶵᅗ 3 సື୰ࡢ᥎㐍ᶵࣀࢬࣝ㒊ศ࠿ࡽ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ẽ໬ࡉࢀࡓỈ⵨Ẽࡀᄇฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊ࡜㸪᥎ຊࡢⓎ⏕ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬55

2018 ᖺᗘࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲㸦⥲ྜ◊✲ᶵᵓࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲ศ㸧ㄢ㢟⤂௓ᡤᒓ࣭㈨᱁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ 2018 ᖺᗘᙜ᫬࡟࡚ᥖ㍕࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡟ࡼࡿ኱Ẽᣑᩓⅆᒣ࢞ࢫほἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡜⟽᰿ⅆᒣࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ

◊✲௦⾲⪅㸸኱ሙ Ṋ⌮Ꮫ㒊໬Ꮫ⛉ ᩍᤵ◊✲ศᢸ⪅㸸㐟㒊 㞞⏕ᕤᏛ㒊㟁Ẽ㟁ᏊᏛ⛉ ᩍᤵ❧ᓮ Ṋᘯ

ᕤᏛ㒊ග㺃⏬ീᕤᏛ⛉ ㅮᖌ◊ ✲ ᮇ 㛫㸸2016 ᖺᗘ㹼2018 ᖺᗘ◊ ✲ ᴫ せ㸸኱Ẽ࡟ᣑᩓࡋࡓⅆᒣ࢞ࢫࡢ᳨ฟࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ ࠊ㸯㸧3μm ᖏἼ㛗ኚ᥮࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㧗ឤᗘ࢞ࢫࢭࣥࢧࠊ㸰㸧4μm ᖏ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣂࣥࢻ࢝ࢫࢣ࣮ࢻ࣮ࣞࢨ ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ SO2 ࢭࣥࢧࠊ㸱㸧ࢹࣗ࢔ࣝࢥ࣒ศගἲ࡟ࡼࡿィᢏ⾡➼ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜࠸ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋᆅ⌫໬Ꮫⓗ࡞άⅆᒣࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࢆ⟽᰿ᒣ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋⅆᒣ࢞ࢫࡢ CO2/H2O ẚࠊCO2/H2S ẚࠊHe/CH4 ẚ➼ࡀᆅ㟈άື࡜ᐦ᥋࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢኚືࢆྜ⌮ⓗ࡟ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ࣐ࢢ࣐⇕Ỉ⣔ࣔࢹࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓࠋࢤࣀ࣒⦅㞟ື≀స〇ᇶ┙ᢏ⾡ࡢ☜❧࡜⑓ែゎᯒࣔࢹࣝస〇࡬ࡢᛂ⏝◊✲௦⾲⪅㸸኱ሯ ṇே

་Ꮫ㒊་Ꮫ⛉ᇶ♏་Ꮫ⣔ศᏊ⏕࿨⛉Ꮫ ෸ᩍᤵ◊✲ศᢸ⪅㸸୕ᶫ ᘯ᫂

ᕤᏛ㒊⏕࿨໬Ꮫ⛉ ㅮᖌ୰ᕝ ⲡ་Ꮫ㒊་Ꮫ⛉ᇶ♏་Ꮫ⣔ศᏊ⏕࿨⛉Ꮫ ㅮᖌ◊ ✲ ᮇ 㛫㸸2016 ᖺᗘ㹼2018 ᖺᗘ◊ ✲ ᴫ せ㸸ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ◊✲௦⾲⪅ࡽࡀ࣐࢘ࢫࢆ⏝࠸࡚㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ &5,635&DV 㛵㐃ᢏ⾡ࢆࡉࡽ࡟Ⓨᒎࡉࡏࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ᑠᆺ㨶㢮࡟ࡶᛂ⏝ࡋࠊᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢤࣀ࣒⦅㞟ື≀స〇ᇶ┙ࡢ☜❧࡜ࠊ➽⫗࠾ࡼࡧ⫢⮚ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ⑓ែゎᯒࣔࢹࣝື≀స〇࣭ゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ୍㐃ࡢ◊✲ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ⊂⮬ࡢ㑇ఏᏊᤄධᢏ⾡ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓ᪂つ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ไᚚࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤ⓎࡋࠊࡼࡾὙ⦎ࡉࢀࡓ⑌ᝈࣔࢹࣝస〇ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡜᪂ࡓ࡞ࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ㑇ఏᏊ἞⒪ἲ࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࠋ≉࡟ࠊ㧗ຠ⋡ࣀࢵࢡ࢖ࣥ ., ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿ (DVL&5,635 ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚኱ࡁ࡞ᡂᯝࢆୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ
࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࢤࣀ࣒⦅㞟ࢮࣈࣛࣇ࢕ࢵࢩࣗస〇ἲࡢ☜❧࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋḟୡ௦ࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢩࣥࢢࢆ
⏝࠸ࡓ࢜ࣇࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ☜❧ࡋࠊ⌧ᅾゎᯒࢆ㐍⾜୰࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

56

ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ )', ᆺ㒔ᕷ໬࡜ᆅᇦ♫఍ኚᐜ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲◊✲௦⾲⪅㸸ෆ⸨  ⪔

ᩥ໬♫఍Ꮫ㒊࢔ࢪ࢔Ꮫ⛉ ᩍᤵ◊✲ศᢸ⪅㸸❧▼ ㅬḟ

ᩥ໬♫఍Ꮫ㒊࢔ࢪ࢔Ꮫ⛉ ෸ᩍᤵ୰す 㞝஧

ᩥᏛ㒊ᩥ᫂Ꮫ⛉ ㅮᖌ಴ἑ ឡᏊ

៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫ ྡ㄃ᩍᤵ◊ ✲ ᮇ 㛫㸸2016 ᖺᗘ㹼2018 ᖺᗘ◊ ✲ ᴫ せ㸸ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᆅᇦ♫఍ࡣࠊእᅜ㈨ᮏ࡟ࡼࡿ┤᥋ᢞ㈨㸦FDI㸧ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚኱ࡁࡃኚᐜࡋࡘࡘ
࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒࡜ࢱ࢖ࠊ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ࡢ㸱࢝ᅜ࡛ࠊ᪥⣔ࡢᕤᴗᅋᆅ࡜㛵ࢃࡾࡢᙉ࠸ᆅᇦࢆ㑅ࡧࠊ㒔ᕷ໬࡜ᾘ㈝♫఍໬ࡢ㐍ᒎࠊ㞠⏝ၥ㢟ࠊᪧఫẸ࡜ฟ✌ࡂປാ⪅ࡽࡢΰఫ≧ἣࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡣࠊ᪥⣔㛤Ⓨᴗ⪅ࡀ✚ᴟⓗ࡟㛵ࢃࡗ࡚᪂ࡓ࡞㒔ᕷ࡙ࡃࡾࡀ௒ᚋ㐍ᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㒔ᕷᙧᡂ࡜ᆅᇦ♫఍ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ኱ࡁ࡞ᮦᩱࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࠋ

ࠕே࡜⾤࡜ኴ㝧ࡀㄪ࿴ࡍࡿࠖ๰࣭㏦࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ◊✲௦⾲⪅㸸෠⏣ ᜏஅ

⌮Ꮫ㒊໬Ꮫ⛉ ෸ᩍᤵ◊✲ศᢸ⪅㸸ᮌᮧ ⱥᶞ

ᕤᏛ㒊㟁Ẽ㟁ᏊᕤᏛ⛉ ᩍᤵ☾ᮧ 㞞ኵ

ᕤᏛ㒊㟁Ẽ㟁ᏊᕤᏛ⛉ ᩍᤵ຾ཪ ဴ⿱

⌮Ꮫ㒊໬Ꮫ⛉ ᩍᤵᒾ᳃ ᬡᕤᏛ㒊ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉ ᩍᤵᲚ⏣ ెᏕ

ᕤᏛ㒊ᅵᮌᕤᏛ⛉ ᩍᤵ㛗㇂ᕝ ┿ஓᕤᏛ㒊ືຊᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉ ෸ᩍᤵ✄᳃ ┿⨾ᏊᕤᏛ㒊㟁Ẽ㟁ᏊᕤᏛ⛉ ㅮᖌ㔠Ꮚ ဴஓ

ᕤᏛ㒊㟁Ẽ㟁ᏊᕤᏛ⛉ ㅮᖌబᕝ ⪔ᖹ

ᕤᏛ㒊㟁Ẽ㟁ᏊᕤᏛ⛉ ຓᩍࣔࣁ࣐ࢻ ࢩࣕࣄࢻࢗࢨ࣐ࣥ◊ ✲ ᮇ 㛫㸸⌮Ꮫ㒊໬Ꮫ⛉ ༤ኈ◊✲ဨ

2017 ᖺᗘ㹼2019 ᖺᗘ◊ ✲ ᴫ せ㸸ᮏ◊✲ㄢ㢟ࡣࠊ෌⏕࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ୰᰾ࢸ࣮࣐࡛࠶ࡿኴ㝧㟁ụ࡜ᮾᾏ኱ࡀୡ⏺ࢆ࣮ࣜࢻࡍࡿ⇕㡢㡪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⼥ྜࡉࡏࡿ◊✲࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢไᚚ࣭㟁㏦ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠿ࡽࠊタ⨨⎔ቃࡲ࡛ࢆࠕே࡜
⾤࡜ኴ㝧ࡀㄪ࿴ࡍࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࢆ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡋ࡚⥲ྜⓗ࡟◊✲ࡍࡿࠋග࣭⇕㏱㐣ᆺࡢኴ㝧㟁ụࡢ㛤Ⓨࡸ᭤㠃༳ๅኴ㝧㟁ụࡢ㛤Ⓨࠊ㧗ຠ⋡⇕㡢㡪ᶵ㛵ࠊ㛗㊥㞳↓⥺ఏ㏦ᢏ⾡ࠊ㒔ᕷィ⏬࡞࡝ࠊᣮᡓⓗ࡞せ⣲ᢏ⾡ࢆᩘከࡃྵࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊ෌⏕࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ๰ฟ࠿ࡽࡑࡢ㏦㟁࣭タ⨨ࡲ࡛ࢆど㔝࡟ධࢀࡓ⥲ྜ◊✲ࡣࠊୡ⏺࡟ࡶ㢮ࢆぢ࡞࠸᭱ඛ㐍◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࠋ57

ᒾ⤮⩌࡜⚄Ẋᘓ⠏࠿ࡽ✲᫂ࡍࡿඛࢫ࣌࢖ࣥᮇ࣓࢟ࢩࢥす㒊ࡢ♫఍ᩥ໬Ⓨᒎ◊✲௦⾲⪅㸸ྜྷ⏣ ᫭❶

ᩥᏛ㒊࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᩥ᫂Ꮫ⛉ ㅮᖌ◊✲ศᢸ⪅㸸ᯇᮏ ᘓ㏿ᩥᏛ㒊ṔྐᏛ⛉ ⪃ྂᏛᑓᨷ ᩍᤵ❧▼ ㅬḟᩥᏛ㒊ṔྐᏛ⛉ ᮾὒྐᑓᨷ ෸ᩍᤵ◊ ✲ ᮇ 㛫㸸2017 ᖺᗘ㹼2019 ᖺᗘ◊ ✲ ᴫ せ㸸ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥす㒊ࣁࣜࢫࢥᕞࠊࣟࢫ࣭࢔ࣝࢺࢫ(Los Altos)ᆅ᪉࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣟࢫ࣭࢔࢞࣋ࢫ(Los Agaves)㑇㊧ࡢᘓ⠏ࣉࣛࣥࡢ≉ᚩࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࠊ㑇㊧ࡢ࠾࠾ࡼࡑࡢᖺ௦ࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾⓎ᥀୰ࡢࣟࢫ࣭࢔࢞࣋ࢫ㑇㊧ࡢ࿘㎶࡛ࡣࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࡛᭱኱つᶍࡢᒾ⤮⩌ࡀⓎぢࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᑓ㛛ศ㔝࡛ࡣ኱࠸࡟ὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠿࡛ࡶ⊂≉࡞้Ⅼ༑Ꮠᩥᵝ(Pecked Cross)ࡢᒾ⤮ࡣࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ୰ኸ㧗ཎࡢ኱㑇㊧ࢸ࢜ࢸ࢕࣡࢝ࣥ㑇㊧࡛ࡶᩘⅬ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊྠ㑇㊧࡛ࡣࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ 16 Ⅼ௨ୖⓎぢࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢ㑇㊧ࡢ⚍♭ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ❚࠼ࡿࠋ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ゎ᫂ࡢ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ≉᭷ࡢᒾ⤮࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆࡩࡃࡵࠊ㑇㊧ࡢⓎ᥀ࢆ
㏻ࡌࠊᇙⴿᩥ໬ࡸᘓ⠏ఏ⤫࡞࡝࠿ࡽ࣓࢟ࢩࢥす㒊࡜୰ኸ㧗ཎࡢᩥ᫂ࡀ࠸࠿࡟⤖ࡧࡘࡁⓎᒎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࠿ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᓥᕋࢆࡘ࡞ࡄࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᆺᩥ᫂ࡢ◊✲̿ྂ௦࠿ࡽ୰ୡࡲ࡛ࡢᆅ୰ᾏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄ヰ࣭⨾⾡࣭ᘓ⠏̿◊✲௦⾲⪅㸸Ἑᓥ ᛮᮁ

ᩥ໬♫఍Ꮫ㒊࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࣭࢔࣓ࣜ࢝Ꮫ⛉ ෸ᩍᤵ◊✲ศᢸ⪅㸸㔠ἑ ⓒᯞ

ᩥ໬♫఍Ꮫ㒊࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࣭࢔࣓ࣜ࢝Ꮫ⛉ ᩍᤵఀ⸨ ႐ᙪ

ᕤᏛ㒊ᘓ⠏Ꮫ⛉ ෸ᩍᤵ◊ ✲ ᮇ 㛫㸸2018 ᖺᗘ㹼2020 ᖺᗘ◊ ✲ ᴫ せ㸸 ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢṔྐᐙࣇ࢙ࣝࢼ࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣟࢹࣝࡣࠗࣇ࢙ࣜ࣌㸰ୡ᫬௦ࡢᆅ୰ᾏ࡜ᆅ୰ᾏୡ⏺࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࠕᆅ⌮ⓗ⮬↛ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⎔ቃࠊ♫఍ᵓ㐀ࠊಶேⓗ࡞ฟ᮶஦࡜࠸࠺ 3 ᒙ࡛ᩥ᫂⌮ゎࢆヨࡳࡓࡀࠊ◊✲ࡢ↔Ⅼࡣ㏆ୡ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ⥲ྜ኱Ꮫ࡛࠶ࡿᮾᾏ኱Ꮫࡢ㉁ࡢ㧗࠸◊✲㡿ᇦࢆ⥲ྜࡍࡿࠕ◊✲ࡢᓠࠖࢆ᭷฼࡞◊✲⎔ቃ࡜ࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࡟ά⏝ࡋࠊᕤᏛ㒊ࡢఀ⸨ࠊᩥ໬♫఍Ꮫ㒊ࡢἙᓥ࡜㔠ἑ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᩥ⌮⼥ྜࡢどⅬ࡛ࡶࡗ࡚ࠊᚑ᮶ࡢṔྐᏛࡸ⪃ྂᏛࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ㔜どࡋ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓྂ௦࠿ࡽ୰ୡ࡜࠸࠺᫬௦ࠊᓥ
࡜ᮏᅵ࡜࠸࠺ᆅ⌮ⓗไ⣙࡟↔Ⅼࢆ࠶࡚ࠊᘓ⠏ࠊ⨾⾡ྐࠊ⚄ヰᏛ࡜࠸࠺୕ࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡿศ㔝࠿ࡽࠊᏛ㝿ⓗ࡞࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛ᑐ㇟࡟ᣮࡴⅬ࡟᪂つᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

58

᪂ࡋ࠸⓶⭵Ḟᦆ๰യ඘ሸࢢࣛࣇࢺࠊ෌⏕ಁ㐍๣ࡢ㛤Ⓨ◊✲௦⾲⪅㸸ఫྜྷ ⚽᫂

་Ꮫ㒊་Ꮫ⛉ᇶ┙デ⒪Ꮫ⣔෌⏕་⒪⛉Ꮫ ㅮᖌ◊✲ศᢸ⪅㸸ᕝཱྀ❶་Ꮫ㒊་Ꮫ⛉ ᐈဨᩍᤵᒸᮧ 㝧௓

ᕤᏛ㒊ᛂ⏝໬Ꮫ⛉ ෸ᩍᤵ◊ ✲ ᮇ 㛫㸸2018 ᖺᗘ㹼2020 ᖺᗘ◊ ✲ ᴫ せ㸸ேᕤ┿⓶ࡣḞᦆࡋࡓ⓶⭵๰യࢆ඘ሸࡋಟ᚟ࡉࡏࡿ་⒪࣐ࢸࣜ࢔࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࡀࠊேᕤ⣲ᮦୖࡢୖ⓶ᙧᡂࡢ㐜ᘏࡀ㛗ᖺၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⏦ㄳ⪅ࡽࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸⣲ᮦ࡛࠶ࡿ࣑ࢬࢡࣛࢤࢥ࣮ࣛࢤࣥࡀ
෌ୖ⓶໬࡜⣽⬊ࡢ⏕╔ࢆಁ㐍ࡋ࡚⓶⭵෌⏕ࢆⴭࡋࡃᨵၿࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋࡓࠋᮏ෌⏕ಁ㐍స⏝ࢆḟୡ௦ࡢ་⒪ᢏ⾡࡬ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ◊✲ㄢ㢟ࡢ┠ᶆ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ௒ᖺᗘࡣ 1. ୖ⓶໬ಁ㐍ᶵᵓࡢゎ
᫂ࠊ2. ࣑ࢬࢡࣛࢤࢥ࣮ࣛࢤࣥࡢ෌⏕ಁ㐍ᡂศࡢ᥈ồࠊ3. ேᕤ⓶⭵⣲ᮦࡢᮦᩱ㠃ࡢᨵⰋࢆ୰ᚰ࡜
ࡋ࡚◊✲ࢆ⾜࡞࠸ᡂᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ

⎔ቃ 42/ ࡢᑟධ࡜ホ౯ᣦᶆࡢタᐃ◊✲௦⾲⪅㸸㧗ᶫ ᑗᚨᇶ┙ᕤᏛ㒊㟁Ẽ㟁Ꮚ᝟ሗᕤᏛ⛉ ᩍᤵ◊✲ศᢸ⪅㸸㧗㔝ㄔ஧

⤒ႠᏛ㒊ほගࣅࢪࢿࢫᏛ⛉ ෸ᩍᤵఀ⸨᫝Ύ

⌧௦ᩍ㣴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ᩍᤵ㮵⏣ග୍

⌧௦ᩍ㣴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ෸ᩍᤵᮤ ᫛▱

⤒ႠᏛ㒊ほගࣅࢪࢿࢫᏛ⛉ ຓᩍ⸨ᮏ㑥᫛

ᇶ┙ᕤᏛ㒊㟁Ẽ㟁Ꮚ᝟ሗᕤᏛ⛉ ᩍᤵ⚟㷂 ⛱

⌧௦ᩍ㣴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ᩍᤵ℧ᮏ▱ຍㄢ⛬㈨᱁ᩍ⫱ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ㅮᖌ㜿ஂὠ㞞Ꮚ

ᇶ┙ᕤᏛ㒊㟁Ẽ㟁Ꮚ᝟ሗᕤᏛ⛉ ෸ᩍᤵ◊ ✲ ᮇ 㛫㸸2018 ᖺᗘ㹼2020 ᖺᗘ◊ ✲ ᴫ せ㸸ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ⮬↛⎔ቃ⥔ᣢ㺃ಖ඲ࢆど㔝࡟ධࢀࡓேࠎࡢ⏕ά‶㊊ᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊQOL㸦Quality ofLife㸧ࢆᣑᙇࡋࡓࠕ⎔ቃ QOLࠖࡢᴫᛕᑟධࢆࡣ࠿ࡿࠋQOL ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࡣ་⒪࣭೺ᗣ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀከࡃぢࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊᮏᴫᛕᑟධᙜึࡢࠕே㛫⏕ά࣭άືࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ‶㊊ᗘ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣࡑࢀ⛬ከࡃ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᆅ⌫つᶍ࡛ࡢ⮬↛⎔ቃಖ඲࠾ࡼࡧᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㜵⅏࣭ῶ⅏ࢆྵࡵࡓࠕ⎔ቃ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ౯್ព㆑ࢆࡩࡲ࠼ࡓ⏕ά‶㊊ᗘࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ⎔ቃ QOLࠖᴫᛕࢆᐃ⩏ࡋࠊᵓᡂせ⣲࠾ࡼࡧホ౯ᣦᶆࡢ☜ᐃࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ᳨ドࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ59東海大学紀要
発行日
発行人
発 行
住 所
電 話

総合科学技術研究所

2020 年 3 月 31 日
岩森 暁（東海大学総合科学技術研究所 所長）
東海大学総合科学技術研究所〒259-1292 神奈川県平塚市北金目四丁目 1 番 1 号
0463-58-1211（代表）