JISNAS-WUR Session
Theme:

Inclusive Value Chain Development

Title:

Promoting added-value production by smallholder farmers through thedevelopment of robust market-driven supply chains in an industrycommunity-academia collaboration

Organized by:
Japan Intellectual Support Network in Agricultural Sciences (JISNAS)
Wageningen University & Research (WUR)
Date:

FRIDAY 31 AUGUST 2018
10:30 to 12:00

Location: Room 5015, 5th Floor, Orion Building, Wageningen Campus

Target:- SDG Goal Target 2.a: agricultural productive capacity(Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in ruralinfrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development
and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive
capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries)- SDG Goal 9: industry, innovation, infrastructure(Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization andfoster innovation)

JISNAS-WUR Session 2018
Inclusive Value Chain Development

JISNAS-WUR Session 2018
Inclusive Value Chain Development

Japan Intellectual Support Network in Agricultural Sciences (JISNAS) that consistsof 49 organization members including university, research institution and JICA andWageningen University & Research (WUR), the Netherlands signed a Memorandum ofUnderstanding in June 2017 for the establishment of a long-term cooperation aimed atstrengthening international cooperation in agricultural research and higher education.
JISNAS and WUR held the Joint Seminar on integrated pest management (IPM) and theworkshop on improvement of agricultural research and its application in Myanmar lastFebruary.
On this occasion, we planed to hold a joint session on the theme of “Inclusive Value
Chain Development”. The title of this session is “Promoting added-value production bysmallholder farmers through the development of robust market-driven supply chains in
an industry- community-academia collaboration”. There are many trials to develop
value chains in Africa, but have the majority of smallholder farmers left behind? How
does value chain development make it more beneficial to smallholder farmers? In thisseminar, four topics relating to the development of robust market-driven supply chainsin an industry-community-academia collaboration and the promotion of added-value
production by smallholder farmers will be delivered from Japan and Netherlands. Ourformer experiences of smallholder farmers’ income generation through value chainsdevelopment in Asia and Latin America as well as the recent examples of innovative
agricultural extension approach in Africa will be shared to discuss how to develop
inclusive value chains in developing countries and what is the role of agriculturalextension service.

JISNAS-WUR Session 2018
Inclusive Value Chain Development

Program 1.

Oral Session (10:30 – 11:40)

Chairpersons: Keisuke Ito, Director, Rural Development Department, JICA, Japan
Chiharu Nakashima, Professor, Mie University, Japan
10:30-10:35

Introductory remarks: Purpose of the session and JISNAS/WUR
collaboration
Kazuo Ogata, President of JISNAS, Professor, Kyushu University, Japan

10:40-10:55(1) Introduction of SHEP Approach as an innovative extension method inAfrica
Jiro Aikawa, Senior advisor, JICA, Japan

10:55-11:10(2) Empowering farmers to become partners in robust market-driven
supply chains: an alternative evaluation method for assessing value chain
dynamics
Jos Verstegen, Senior Researcher Entrepreneurship, WUR, The
Netherlands and Kazuhisa Goto, Liaison Scientist, WUR, The
Netherlands / NARO, Japan

11:10-11:25(3) Value adding technology and its application system
Tadashi Yoshihashi, Senior researcher, JIRCAS, Japan

11:25-11:40(4) Agricultural extension activities by Tokyo University of Agriculture;
From greening of arid land to nutritional improvement in Africa
Yoichi Sakata, Professor, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan

Program 2.

Panel discussion (11:40 – 12:00)

Moderators:

Shuichi Asanuma, Board Member, IITA / Senior Adviser, JICA, Japan
Arjo Rothuis, Account Manager Asia, Wageningen International, WUR,
The Netherlands

Panelists:Jos Verstegen, Senior Researcher Entrepreneurship, WUR, TheNetherlandsKazuhisa Goto, Liaison Scientist, WUR, The Netherlands / NARO,Japan
Hiroshi Ehara, Professor, Nagoya University, Japan

JISNAS-WUR Session 2018
Inclusive Value Chain Development

JICA:Japan International Cooperation Agency

JIRCAS: Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences
JISNAS: Japan Intellectual Support Network in Agricultural Sciences
NARO: National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
WUR:

Wageningen University & Research

JISNAS-WUR Session 2018
Inclusive Value Chain Development

1. Introduction of SHEP Approach as an Innovative Extension Method in Africa
Jiro Aikawa
Senior Advisor on Agriculture and Rural Development for JICA, JapanSHEP Advisor for Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery of South Africa
Better extension service for small scale farmers in developing countries is key forachieving SDGs such as poverty reduction, job creation, and access to higher education
for kids, etc. Although institution/organization related to extension service have madeeffort to provide appropriate skill/technique, farming of small scale farmers has been
still faced with challenges such as poor production skill, lack of marketing and need forcapacity development.
SHEP (Smallholder Horticulture Empowerment and Promotion) Approach as one of
the agriculture extension approaches gives concrete solutions for these basic issues on
extension as well as realizing market oriented agriculture. SHEP Approach wasdeveloped by JICA’s technical cooperation project in Kenya. The project started from2006 for three years as a first phase could achieve to increase farmers’ income fromselling horticulture crops drastically. Approach composed of series of activities withessential steps. The most important activities are market survey and making crop
calendar done by farmers themselves with support of extension staff. Farmers can beaware of market needs and make decision which crops they are going to grow based on
the results of the survey. Through SHEP Approach, farmers have changed their mind set
on farming from “grow crops and search for market (Grow and Sell)” to “know market
needs first and then grow crops (Grow to Sell)”.
The concept of SHEP is an Economic and Psychology Hybrid. Information exchange
between farmers and market stakeholders is the first step of “Grow to Sell”. This canmitigate information asymmetry and then create “win-win” situation. In order for
farmers to develop their capacity, SHEP introduce a theory called “Self Determination
Theory”. People possess three basic needs; autonomy, competence and relatedness.
Activities based on SHEP Approach as extension services are well designed to satisfy
both Economic and Psychology aspects.
Government of Japan committed to expand SHEP Approach in African countries
during TICAD5 in 2013 and more than 20 countries have introduced SHEP as of now.

JISNAS-WUR Session 2018
Inclusive Value Chain Development

Many positive impacts such as income generation, improvement of livelihood,re-investment for better farming, etc. can be seen in various countries. SHEP isrecognized as the approach which can improve extension services by respective
institution/organization.

Dr. Jiro Asakawa
Senior Advisor on Agriculture and Rural Development for JICASHEP Advisor for Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery of South Africa
Dr. Aikawa is a Senior Advisor on Agriculture and Rural Development for JICA HQ(2010 -) and has been leading a program called "Expansion of SHEP (Smallholder
Horticulture Empowerment and Promotion) Approach" which is one of the main pillar
programs of Government of Japan to Africa mentioned officially in TICAD 5 (TokyoInternational Conference on African Development) which held in 2013.

Dr. Aikawa

has been dispatched to Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in SouthAfrica as a SHEP Advisor. Although his office is located in SA, he has covered whole
SHEP program in Africa following TICAD process,His career has covered not only in Africa, but also in Middle East (Palestine), Asia
(Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Bhutan, Myanmar) and Central America (Honduras and El
Salvador).
Dr. Aikawa presented at 6th International Conference on Self-Determination Theory in2016 on utilization of motivation theory to development program which mentioned theexperience of SHEP program.

JISNAS-WUR Session 2018
Inclusive Value Chain Development

2. Empowering Farmers to Become Partners in Robust Market-driven Supply
Chains: an alternative evaluation method for assessing value chain dynamics
Jos Verstegen
Senior Researcher Entrepreneurship, WUR, The Netherlands
Kazuhisa Goto
Guest Researcher and Liaison Scientist, WUR, The Netherlands / NARO, JapanThe evaluation research presented at the SDG conference is conducted in the contextof the 2SCALE (TOwards Sustainable Clusters in Agribusiness through Learning in
Entrepreneurship) program which is developed in sub-Sahara Africa and coordinated byIFDC. The goal of 2SCALE is to improve rural livelihoods and food and nutrition
security in nine African countries. To this end 2SCALE forges public-private
partnerships, with private partners varying from local producer organisations and SMEs
to large-scale companies such as seed companies, processors, and trading companies.
The approach is based on (1) formation of agribusiness clusters - local networks
between smallholder farmers themselves, and with service providers - to improve
competitive intelligence and bargaining power, (2) integrating the agribusiness clusters
in value chains, with backward linkages to input supply chains and forward linkages tofood supply chains, and (3) enabling fair business environments with better access to
information and finance, in particular for the weaker actors.
NGOs, like IFDC, and firms dealing with value chain development in agribusinessclusters have to solve many issues such as such as the high transaction costs for firms
sourcing from large numbers of small-scale suppliers, the cost of logistics, the firms’
trust in the suppliers’ capacity and commitment to the relationship, the suppliers’ trustthat firms will accept their produce and will pay as promised, and the availability ofknowledge, capital, and inputs to the suppliers.
This complexity makes it difficult to evaluate value chain development inpublic-private partnerships and requests for new impact assessment approaches. In theproject Wageningen Economic Research developed and tested a so-called Value Chain
Laboratory (VC-Lab) for the assessment of two 2Scale initiatives: (i) sorghum value
chain in Meru County, Kenya and (ii) soybean value chain in Tamale, Ghana. The
VC-Lab consists of three steps: (i) Desk research and Value Chain Mapping, (ii) ValueJISNAS-WUR Session 2018
Inclusive Value Chain Development

Chain Games involving 2Scale farmers and nonparticipating farmers, and (iii) Agent
Based Modelling. The study provides insights into the trust levels of farmers, their risk
perception and collective action strategies, and provides scenarios for maximal impact.
Data gathering and analyses took place in 2015 and 2016.
In the presentation we will briefly explain the gaming approach and reveal some ofits results.
You can download the full report of the project at: https://doi.org/10.18174/420482
More information on the 2Scale program: https://www.2scale.org/

Dr. Jos Verstegen
Senior Researcher Entrepreneurship, WUR, The Netherlands
Dr. Verstegen is a senior researcher entrepreneurship and business innovation at
Wageningen Economic Research and visiting professor at the Miyazaki Sangyo-keiei
University in Miyazaki-City, Japan. He holds a PhD in Business Economics and has
supervised multiple PhDs on topics related to entrepreneurship (open innovation,competence development, environmental awareness, opportunity identification). In2015 and 2016 he was leading the Agricultural Value Chain Laboratory project toassess the impact of the 2Scale (Toward Sustainable Clusters in Agribusiness throughLearning in Entrepreneurship) support programs in Ghana, Kenya and Ethiopia(https://ifdc.org/2scale/). Dr. Verstegen is is currently involved in research projects oninnovation in agricultural supply chains, rural development, business models andgovernance for big data platforms, and new product development in personalized
nutrition and health.
Dr. Kazuhisa Goto
Guest Researcher and Liaison Scientist, WUR, The Netherlands / NARO, Japan
Dr. Kazuhisa Goto is a Marketing Scientist, and his position as Administrator for
research management of headquarter of NARO, Japan. His current research interesting
is Open Innovation. So that he belongs to the Wageningen Economic Research as avisiting researcher. And he has contributing the headquarter of Wageningen Universityand Research as a Liaison Scientist to create future collaborative research. Dr. Kazuhisa
Goto is currently involved in research projects on Medicinal Plants project to contributethe human well-being. He had an experience to research at Myanmar, Thai Land,France and Netherlands.
April 2003 – March 2018: Researcher NAROOctober2017-present: Visiting researcher Wageningen Economic research
NARO Liaison Scientist Headquarter Department of Planning and Coordination(NARO)/Corporate strategy and accounts Wageningen International

JISNAS-WUR Session 2018
Inclusive Value Chain Development

3. Transferring Asian Experiences to Africa: toward Upgrading Rice and Yam
Food Value Chains
Tadashi Yoshihashi
Senior researcher, Biological Resources & Post-harvest Division, Japan International
Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (based on collaborative research works withKasetsart University, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and AfricaRice)JIRCAS has nearly 50 years activities to provide solutions to global food andenvironmental problems through international collaborative research.

Ministry ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Government of Japan, had set “Global Food Value
Chain (GFVC) policy”, which aim to support activities delivering higher values andincrease profits for each stakeholder from production to consumption in food value
chain.

In this presentation, activities on food value chain improvement under JIRCAS

research project in line with GFVC policy, and CGIAR research program are presentedto show the efforts to transfer Asian experiences to Africa toward upgrading food value
chains.
Traditional rice processing technology, “pop-rice”, roasting rough rice to puff ricekernel was used for ornament in Japan and Thailand, and sweets in Vietnam and India,
and almost disappeared in the region. However, the technology requires less equipment,
and rough rice with rather higher moisture content can directly use as material. Also,
simple heat source can be used for the process. Since less equipment and process arerequired for the technology, it might be suitable for on-farm process in Africancountries, especially avoiding quality losses during rice milling and postharvestprocedure and obtaining value-added pregelatinized rice kernel. We are collaboratingwith our Thai counterparts and Africa Rice to transfer technology to small scale farmers
in Africa.
White guinea yam, Dioscorea rotundata, which is one of the important regional
staples in West Africa, can be categorized as “orphan crop”, therefore there is remaining
potential in productivity and quality improvements.

Utilization of local genetic

diversities was required, however lacks tools to evaluate their properties hinders
effective elite lines selection.

Since East Asia has experience to utilize yam species

JISNAS-WUR Session 2018
Inclusive Value Chain Development(Dioscorea spp.), we had transferred various quality evaluation methodologies as whiteguinea yam selection tools under recent research project led by JIRCAS and IITA.
Both cases show possible knowledge transfers by accelerating partnerships among
African and Asian stakeholders.

Dr. Tadashi Yoshihashi
Senior Researcher
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, JapanDr. Yoshihashi is a Senior Researcher, Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division,
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS; 2013 -), andwas Deputy Director, International Research Division, Agriculture, Forestry andFisheries Research Council Secretariat, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheriesof Japan (2010 - 2012).

He has been a guest professor at Kasetsart University andChulalongkorn University in Thailand.
Dr. Yoshihashi has dealt and currently is dealing with various issues in rice-based foodvalue chain including potent flavor component of aromatic rice and wet-milling based
rice products and have more than 20 years’ experiences.
publications on rice and rice products related research.

He has numerous

Recently, he is involving

research projects relating to West Africa, for upgrading rice-based value chain under
CGIAR research program, RICE and yam quality led by JIRCAS and IITA.

JISNAS-WUR Session 2018
Inclusive Value Chain Development

4. Agricultural Extension Activities by Tokyo University of Agriculture: FromGreening of Arid Land to Nutritional Improvement in Africa
Yoichi Sakata
Professor of Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Director of Center forInternational Programs, Tokyo University of Agriculture (Tokyo NODAI), Japan
Since its foundation in 1891, Tokyo NODAI has recognized that the issues of foodproduction and safety should be discussed and solved on a global scale; therefore,“return man to the farm of the world” is our ultimate educational and research goal. Toachieve this, we are currently conducting various types of extension activities related toSDGs (Goal 2; End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promotesustainable agriculture) in the world. In this symposium, I will introduce some of themas listed below:
1) Cacao production for smart consumer by agroforestry system from Amazon, Brazil.
2) Improvement of livelihood and health conditions of Tongan people by the effective
utilization and new processed products of breadfruit.
3) Project on Promoting Sustainable Agricultural Conditions for Poverty Reduction inKampong Cham Province, Cambodia.
4) Research Project on Advanced and Sustainable Water Utilization Associated withGreening Potential Evaluation in Djibouti, Africa.
5) Stimulating use of local food resources in Africa to improve nutrition andlivelihoods: A new integrated food consumption assessment tool for better decision
making in nutrition interventions.
Taken together with the experiences we obtained from these extensions, I will discuss
what universities could promote to develop inclusive value chains in developingcountries.

JISNAS-WUR Session 2018
Inclusive Value Chain Development

Dr. Yoichi Sakata
Professor,
Tokyo University of Agriculture, JapanDr. Sakata is Professor of Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences (2015 –)and principal investigator of Plant Genetics Laboratory, Tokyo University ofAgriculture.
He is an expert in plant molecular biology and evolution, especially in a plant hormone
abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction. His major research outcomes have been
published in internationally authoritative journals such as Science, PNAS, and Nature
Communications.
He has studied as a visiting scientist at Washington University in St. Louis, USA, under
the program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (2001-2003). He wasVice Director (2012-2015) and is Director (2016-) of Center for International Programs,Tokyo University of Agriculture. He is an organizer of International Student Summit.