A CT I V I T I E S
OF THE

JAPAN SANITATION CONSORTIUM– For the improvement of sanitation through knowledge diffusion –20 November 2013
WORKSHOP ON ON-SITE DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN ASIA
Pierre FlamandManager – International Affairs

Current Sanitation Situation in the Asia‐Pacific Region
MDGs and Sanitation
WORLD OFF TRACK FOR MDG TARGETProgress on Sanitation and Drinking Water, WHO and UNICEF

The world will miss the MDG target forsanitation coverage by 13 percentage points
2.6 billion people – 72% of whom live in Asia –do not have access to improved sanitation facilities
85% to 89% of wastewater in Asia is estimateduntreated
1 billion people practice open defecation

CURRENT SITUATION
IN THE ASIA‐PACIFIC• 500 million people still without access to safe drinking water• About 2 billion without access to improved sanitation

Sanitation Issues in the Asia‐Pacific Region

Economic growth
Rapid urbanization

Increased needs for clean water

2 billion people without accessto improved sanitation facilities

Spread of waterborne diseases
and negative economic impacts

Lack of wastewater treatment
and reuse

Shortage of water resources
mainly due to water pollution

New rainfall patterns
with climate change

Increase of floods and droughts

Undeveloped policy,
policy institutions,institutions
investment and capacity

Low progress of sanitation coverage

UN Millennium Development Goals: “Halve the proportion of people
without access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015”

THE ROLE & TASKS OF THE
JAPAN SANITATION CONSORTIUM (JSC)
FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

JSC Establishment ‐ Background
Water Financingg
Water-related Disaster Management
Water for Development and Ecosystems
March 2006

September 2006
December 2007
21 Priority Water Topics – 17 KnowledgeHubs

June 200916 October 2009

On 26 June 2009, JSC was internationally recognized as the APWF’s KnowledgeHub for sanitation.

 The Japan Sanitation Consortium (JSC) was launched on 16 October 2009p organizations
gnationwide involved in the managementg JSC consists of 5 of the main expert
and regulation of wastewater, sludge and septage in Japan (on‐site and off‐site sanitation)
 JSC aims to utilize Japan’s expertise in sanitation as well as success stories and valuable
pfrom other countries to offer a wide range
g of solutions and management
gexperiences
strategies for sanitation improvement in the Asia‐Pacific region

 JSC collaborates with ADB,
international organizations, NGOs,etc. for sanitation improvement

 JSC MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS
Off-site Sanitation- Sewerage Business Management Centre- Japan Sewage Works Association- Japan Sewage Works Agency
On-site Sanitation- Japan Environmental Sanitation Center- Japan Education Center ofEnvironmental Sanitation

JSC Objectives, Tasks & Activities
OBJECTIVES:
pthrough:gPromote sanitation improvement
 Policy strengthening
 Increase of technical & managerial knowledge (O&M) through capacity
development
 Promote the diffusion of:- basic sanitation (toilets) with appropriate wastewater treatment systems- on-site sanitation (decentralized wastewater treatment systems)- off-site sanitation (sewerage) Septage management
 Sludge recycling, energy recovery, wastewater reuse & recycling

JSC Objectives, Tasks & Activities
TASKS Gather information on sanitation conditions, success stories & good practices

 Consolidate, share and spread knowledge through international activities
including workshops and collaboration with international organizations
 Support, advise clients and partners (Central & Local Governments,International Donor Agencies, NGOs, etc.)

JSC Objectives, Tasks & Activities
ACTIVITIES Networking:- identify sanitation-related institutions- manage information networks
 Comprehensive country assessments:- understand local conditions and identify needs- conduct sanitation mapping and advise for sanitation improvement
 Creation & management of a database for sanitation in the Asia-Pacific region
 Collaboration with International Donor Agencies (ADB, JICA, etc.) and otherinternational organizations (UNICEF, World Toilet Organization, NGOs, etc.)

Brief history of wastewater management – Background• Night soil: historically considered as a valuable resource → night soil collection and recycling
spread throughout Japan in the 12th century (estimate) as a resource for agriculture• Economic growth (from the mid‐1950s to early 1970s) accompanied by severe water pollution• At the time,
time low
lo sewerage
se erage coverage
co erage (less than 10% of population),
pop lation) rapid population
pop lation growth
gro thin cities, night soil is no longer recycled as a fertilizer: problem with excess of night soil
→ mechanization of desludging operations, development & diffusion of night soil treatment plants→ Conversion to (tandoku‐shori) johkasou when installing a flush toilet outside sewerage areas→ rapid
id spreadd off jjohkasou
hk→ Fundamental revision of the ‘Sewerage Service Act’ and enactment of the ‘Water Pollu on
Control Act’ during the “Pollution Sessions” Focused Diet” in 1970 = massive investment insewerage construction• Introduction of new johkasou enabling gray/black water treatment in the 1980s
Development of wastewater and night soil management in Japan (1955‐2000)

Night soil treatment system

Individual management
Johkasou system

Sea Dumping

Public Sewerage System

JSC covers on‐site & off‐site sanitation
5 member organizations
Among the main professional agencies managing sanitation in Japan
More than 1300 staffs
Off‐site sanitation
SewerageSeerage Business
B siness
Management Centre
Japan Sewage Works Agency
JJapan EEnvironmental
it lSanitation Center

JJapan EdEducation
ti CenterC t off
Environmental Sanitation

On‐siteOnsite sanitation

Off‐site sanitation

JSC member organizations

SEWERAGE BUSINESS MANAGEMENT CENTRE
Created in 1991 to contribute to the preservation of the water quality and environment
Activities in Japan:‐ Assessment, planning & management of sewerage construction and aging facilities‐ Publications (design guidelines, manuals for construction supervision)
International activities:‐ SBMC organizes every year since 1999 the JICA Sewage Works Engineering andStormwater Technology in collaboration with MLIT
‐ Has been attended by more than 500 trainees from about 70 countries

Approach:Ah ‐ TheoreticalTh
ti l andd practicalti l llearningi‐ Close work with a tutor, development of case studies withcountermeasures based on actual problems in the trainees’ countryOff‐site sanitation

JSC member organizations
JAPAN SEWAGE WORKS AGENCY (JS)BACKGROUND• Lack of capacity in local government in the 1970s to build sewerage systems• 1972: SEWAGE WORKS CENTER established under the SEWAGE WORKS CENTER ACT
Goal: create a pool of engineers + provide technical support to local governments
sewerage service
i coverage att theth timeti = 17%• 1975: Act revised and JAPAN SEWAGE WORKS AGENCY established
2500

3. Research, Development, Evaluation ofnew technology for standardization→ R&D basic plan for 2011‐2016:energy‐saving technology

Conducted by local government
Number of municchipal WWTP

Role:
1. Planning, Design and Construction ofmunicipal WWTPs, pumping stations& maini sewers
2. Technical Support for the O&M of WWTPs,
and management of sewerage projects

Supported by JS
2000

1500

1000

500

0
1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Year

JS has constructed 70% of municipal WWTPs in Japan

4. Training for capacity development of staff from local governments

JSC member organizations•••

Off‐site sanitation

One of the main organizations promoting Sewage Works in JapanFounded in 1964
Gathers members from local governments, public organizations and private companies
involved in sewage works in Japan (3,441 members, as of 2009)Role:▪ Establish sewerage standards for municipalities▪ Advise Japanese central government for its sewerage policy▪ Issue journals and manuals▪ Organize the Sewage Works Exhibition in Japan▪ Certify Japanese Industrial Standards
for sewer pipe material▪ Conduct short‐term training courses, conferences and seminars since 1964
throughout the country for local governments and the private sector▪ Course topics include:‐ sewerage technologies‐ administrative management‐ advanced treatment processes‐ O&M‐ sewerage construction‐ sludge reuse/recycling‐ global environment preservation

About 3,000,trainees everyy yyear
training courses on request

On‐site sanitation

JSC member organizations

JAPAN EDUCATION CENTER OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONJECES is the onlyy p
professional education and research institution for jjohkasou
systems (on‐site sanitation treatment system covering 15% of Japan’s population)
Since 1966, JECES has trained and qualified more than 100,000 johkasou
technicians and developed the core technologies of johkasou systems
technicians,JECES regulates about 40,000 johkasou maintenance vendors from the private
sectorRole:‐ Training and issuance of national certifications to qualify johkasou
technicians (legal requirement)‐ Technical advice to municipalities‐ Information to overseas institutions

International Cooperation Activities for
On‐site Sanitation Management

On‐site sanitation

Technology Transfer of On‐site Treatment Systems
・ Committee on Johkasou Technology Transfer to Developing Countries(1994‐2002, Ministry of the Environment ‐ Japan)
・ Johkasou Technology Transfer to China (2007, Ministry of the Environment ‐ Japan)
・ Project on Technology Transfer of Night Soil and Wastewater Treatment Systemsto Developingp g Countries ((2009,, Ministryy of the Environment ‐ Japan)p )・ Project on Appropriate Technologies for Night Soil and Wastewater Treatment
in Rural Areas in China (2010, JICA)

International Cooperation Activities for
On‐site Sanitation Management

On‐site sanitation

CCapacityit B
Buildingildi• Waste Management Training Course (1996‐1999, JICA)• Water Environment Recovery Training Course (2002‐2004, JICA)• 2nd Japan Training Course for Senior Executives of the Chinese
Government (2010, The Tokyo Foundation)• Capacity Building of Government Authorities on Decentralized
Wastewater Treatment in Mekong Region (2011, JICA)

On‐site sanitation

JSC member organizations

JAPAN ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION CENTER
Regulatory institution for solid waste and night soil/sludge management inJapan (more than 1,000 night soil & sludge treatment plants in service)
Provides since 1966 training and the national certifications for night soil &sludge treatment and transport in Japan (mainly for local governments)
Has qualified more than 120,000 trainees
Role:‐ Night soil/sludge collection & treatment management (planning & assessment)‐ Environmental & biological assessment: air/water quality, soil contamination
problemblsolving
l i‐ Solid waste management & environment, waste specialist training‐ International training activities for developing countries (training courses inenvironment‐relatedit l t d iissues))

List of dispatched sanitation experts worldwide
from JSC member organizations
Countries

Off‐site sanitation

Number of experts

Republic
pof Peru
Republic of India
Republic of Indonesia
Palestinian Interim Self‐Government Authority
Kingdom of Thailand
Republic of China
Republic of Mauritius
Federative Republic of Brazil
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Kingdomdoff Belgiuml
Republic of Cuba
People’s Republic of China
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
Republic
pof Panama
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Syrian Arab RepublicSocialist Republic of Viet Nam and MalaysiaRomania
Republic of Lithuania and Republic of Bulgaria
Republic of Costa Rica
Republic of EL Salvador and Dominican RepublicFederal Republic of Germany
Dominican Republic
RRepublic
bli off Turkey
T k
United Mexican States

1414325
1141113711423
1Total8611231

JSC Activities: Networking & Information Sharing Japan‐Indonesia Seminar
On Sewerage and WaterEnvironmental
il Issues(23 February, 2010, Jakarta, Indonesia)

 IWA Decentralized Wastewater

Treatment Solution in Developing
Countries Conference (DEWATS)(23‐25 March 2010, Surabaya, Indonesia)

 Regional Dialogue on Wastewater Managementin Asia
(15‐16 June 2010, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

JSC Activities: Networking & Information Sharing

 4th Meeting of the Indo‐Japan Joint

Working Group on Urban Development(17‐18 June, 2010, New Delhi, India)

 Sanitation KnowledgeHub Seminarat Singapore International Water Week 2010(30 June 2010, Singapore) World Water Week in Stockholm(5 11 SSeptember(5‐11t b 20102010, StStockholm,kh l SSweden)d )JSC Activities: Networking & Information Sharing Expert Group Meeting on Monitoring of Investmentand Results in the Water Sector in Asia and the Pacific(11‐13 October 2010, Manila, Philippines) InterAqua 2011

International Water Solution Exhibition(16‐18 February 2011, Tokyo, Japan)

 IWA Development Congress & Exhibition(21‐24 November 2011, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

 IWA World Water Congress(16‐21 September 2012, Busan, Korea)

 5th IWA ASPIRE(8‐12 September 2013, Daejeon, Korea)

 11th IWA Conference on Small Water &Wastewater Systems and Sludge Management(27‐30 October 2013, Harbin, China)

Others Consultation on access to Safe Drinking
Water and Sanitation in Japan((collaborationwith United Nations
High Commissioner for Human Rights)(21, 27 July 2010, Tokyo, Japan)

 47th Sewage Works Exhibition
and Conference 2010(27‐30 July, 2010, Nagoya, Japan)

 48th Sewage Works Exhibition
and Conference 2011(26 29 July
(26‐29July, 20112011, TokyoTokyo, Japan)

 49th Sewage Works Exhibition
and Conference 2011(24‐27 July, 2012, Kobe, Japan)

JSC Activities: Knowledge Diffusion
Organization of Conferences & Workshops
 Follow‐up Conference of theI tInternationaltil YearY off SSanitation
it ti (IYS)(26‐27 January 2010, Tokyo, Japan)

 ADBI‐JSWA‐JSC Regional Workshop on Sanitation(Wastewater and Sludge Management)in the Asia‐PacificAsia Pacific‐Side event of IWA Aspire 2011‐(4‐6 October 2011, Tokyo, Japan)

 Workshop on Capacity Building of the Responsible Authorityfor Better Night Soil Disposal System in Asian region(14‐16 March, 2011, Tokyo, Japan)

JSC Activities: Knowledge Diffusion
Organization of Conferences & Workshops
 Workshop on Urban Fecal Sludge Management– Problems & Solutions
Hanoi, Vietnam
23 February 2012

 MOC‐MOE Joint Workshop on On‐site Wastewater Treatment
and Septage Management in Vietnam
Hanoi,, Vietnam
22 March2013

 Technical Workshop at 2nd Asia‐Pacific Water Summit:“What is needed to achieve sustainable sanitation management?”
Chiang Mai, Thailand
16‐20 May 2013

JSC Activities: Information Gathering & Knowledge Diffusion
 Comprehensive Sanitation Assessment Missions••

Indonesia (30 November‐5 December 2009)
Indonesiad((22‐27Februaryb2010))•India (19‐21 June 2010)••

Bhutan (7‐17(7 17 May 2011)
Bhutan (17‐28 August 2011)•Malaysia (20‐29 November 2011)••

Vietnam (19‐25 February 2012)
Vietnam (7‐13 April 2013)••

India ((17‐30 Aprilp 2013))
India (7‐20 September 2013)

and reports…

JSC Activities: Information Gathering & Knowledge Diffusion• 2013: COLLABORATION BETWEEN ADB AND JSC IN A TECHNICALASSISTANCE PROJECT IN INDIAGOALS: - To introduce best practices in septage management- To
T implement
i lt Johkasou
J hkf a pilot
foril t projectj t ini a smallll cityit

WES Hub ‐ Overview
 Water and Environment Solution Hub (WES Hub): established in 2012
Mission Help cities in developing countries toimprove water and environmental quality
through knowledge sharing

Vision EEstablish
bli h llong‐term partnerships
hi withihcities in developing countries and support
their challenge in establishing sustainable
water and environment management
systems

Value

Network of 9 cities and 1 professionalorganization

 Experience‐based knowledge → main bodies for the implementation of policies and theconstruction of infrastructure in Japan Field‐based cooperation → Human resource capacity development, financing andadministrative management,management technology and system management (on‐site/off‐site(on site/off site
sanitation, management of collaboration with the private sector
 Long‐term partnership → e.g. mentors for cities via Water Operator Partnership – WOP
27

CONCLUSION

Strengths of JSCWES Hub
 JSC builds on Japan’s know‐how in sanitation and successful experiencesdeveloped in other countries
 Consortium gathering expert organizations specialized in on‐site and off‐sitesanitation (from ‘toilet‐to‐river’) Gathers and disseminates knowledge, success stories, and good practices for
wastewater and sludge management Third party advice for policy strengthening and technology selection
 PProvides
id strategiest t i forf llong‐term
tsanitation
it ti iimprovementt andd supportt forfcapacity development

Japan Sanitation Consortium (JSC)
Regional Water Knowledge Hub for Sanitation
JSC Expertise Member of a regional network of water experts, committed for sanitation improvementin the Asia‐Pacific region
 On‐site and off‐site sanitation professional organizations

JSC Services
 Networking,N
ki iinformation
fi gathering
h i & kknowledgel d sharing,h i support tointernational donor organizations, NGOs
JSC Partners
 ADB, JICA, Japan Water Forum, UNICEF, etc.

Thank you for your attention
e‐mail: info@jsanic.org
www.jsanic.org
j i