CONTENTS

C

O

総合目次

N

T

E

N

T

S

（基本・計画編 / デザイン・構築編）

基本・計画編はじめに. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28
1. コンテンツマネジメントを実践すべき 3 つの理由.......................................................................................................................................................... 29
2. E ビジネスを支える コンテンツマネジメント..................................................................................................................................................................... 29

2-1. E ビジネスとは何か.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
2-2. E ビジネスを実践するには........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
3. コンテンツマネジメントは情報狂社会の特効薬............................................................................................................................................................... 35
4. 情報化時代におけるコンテンツマネジメント. ................................................................................................................................................................... 36

Part1. コンテンツとは何か ?

39

Chapter 1. データ、情報、コンテンツを定義する. ................................................................................................................................................................... 40
1. データとは何か. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 41
2. コンテンツはデータではない............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 42
3. コンテンツは使うための情報だ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45
4. コンテンツは、情報にデータをプラスしたもの. ................................................................................................................................................................ 50
5. データからコンテンツへ、そして再びデータへ.................................................................................................................................................................. 52
6. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 53

Chapter 2. コンテンツにはフォーマットがある....................................................................................................................................................................... 54
1. 保存フォーマット：情報の保存. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54
2. 表現フォーマット：情報の表示. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
3. フォーマッティングの扱い方............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 56
4. フォーマッティングの分類................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 59

4-1. 効果のためのフォーマッティング............................................................................................................................................................................................ 59
4-2. 手法別のフォーマッティング...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
4-3. 領域別のフォーマッティング...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
5. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 62

Chapter 3. コンテンツには構造がある.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 63
1. 構造は重要である. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
2. 構造を作り上げる難しさ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 67
3. 構造の分類........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 70

3-1. 目的別の構造........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 70
3-2. 形式別の構造........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 71
3-3. 領域別の構造........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 72
4. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 73

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Chapter 4. 機能もコンテンツだ！.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 74
1. 機能とは何か................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 74
2. 単体の機能 vs 使い回しのきく機能.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 75
3. 情報が散りばめられている機能...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 77
4. 機能を情報のように管理する. .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 78

4-1. 機能をウェブで公開する............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 81
4-2. 情報と機能が分かれるところ.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 83
5. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85

Chapter 5. コンテンツとは一体何なのか？.................................................................................................................................................................................. 86................................................................................................................................................................... 87
1.「コンテンツ」、「コンテキスト」、そして「意味」
2. コンテキストのルールを決める...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 89
3. コンテンツの体系化は目的から...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 92
4. コンテンツは「名前を付けられた情報」だ.............................................................................................................................................................................. 94
5. データから知恵へ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 97

5-1. データは生もので断片的なもの................................................................................................................................................................................................ 97
5-2. データは非散漫的で、コンテキストにこだわらない.................................................................................................................................................... 99
5-3. 情報は処理され、そして継続する..........................................................................................................................................................................................100
5-4. 情報は散漫的で、コンテキストに満ちている.................................................................................................................................................................101
5-5. 知識と知恵が情報を作る............................................................................................................................................................................................................105
6. なぜテキストがすべての注目を浴びるのか？. ................................................................................................................................................................ 109
6-1. テキストは成文化された言語だ.............................................................................................................................................................................................110
6-2. テキストはリードしている........................................................................................................................................................................................................111
7. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 112

Part2. コンテンツマネジメントとは何か ?

115

Chapter 6. コンテンツマネジメントを理解する.................................................................................................................................................................. 116
1. コンテンツマネジメントを定義する........................................................................................................................................................................................ 116
2. コンテンツマネジメントはビジネスの価値を配信する........................................................................................................................................... 119
3. コンテンツマネジメントは組織力のバランスだ............................................................................................................................................................ 120
4. コンテンツマネジメントはコンテンツに関連する専門分野の組み合わせだ......................................................................................... 122
5. コンテンツマネジメントとは収集、管理、発行だ. ......................................................................................................................................................... 124
6. コンテンツマネジメントはコンピュータのインフラだ............................................................................................................................................ 127

6-1. 静的なウェブサイト.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................127
6-2. 動的なウェブサイト.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................128
6-3. ウェブ CMS..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................130
6-4. フル CMS...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................132
6-5. エンタープライズ CMS.................................................................................................................................................................................................................134
7. コンテンツマネジメント業界. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 135
8. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 137

Chapter 7.CMS の主要パーツの概要................................................................................................................................................................................................. 138
1. CMS の概観.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 139
2. 収集システム................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 140

2-1. 執筆..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................141
2-2. 取得..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................143
2-3. 変換..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................145
2-4. 統合..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................146
2-5. 収集サービス......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................153
マネジメント
3. 管理システム................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 154
3-1. レポジトリ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................157
3-2. アドミニストレーションシステム.........................................................................................................................................................................................159
3-3. ワークフローシステム..................................................................................................................................................................................................................159
3-4. 接続..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................161

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4. 発行システム................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 163

4-1. 発行テンプレート............................................................................................................................................................................................................................163
4-2. 発行サービス......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................164
4-3. 接続..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................165
4-4. ウェブ発行物......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................166
4-5. その他の発行物.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................166
5. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 169

Chapter 8.CMS が必要となる時期を把握する........................................................................................................................................................................ 170
1. コンテンツの量を測る......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 171
2. 寄稿ベースのサイズを管理する................................................................................................................................................................................................... 172
3. 変更の量を予測する............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 175
4. 発行物の数を把握する......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 177
5. 複雑さを見積もる. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 180

5-1. ツアー会社「A」. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................182
5-2. ツアー会社「B」..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................183
5-3. ツアー会社「C」..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................183
5-4. ツアー会社「D」.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................184
5-5. 必要性を判断する............................................................................................................................................................................................................................186
6. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 188
コンポジション

Chapter 9. コンポーネントの管理 vs 構 成の管理. ............................................................................................................................................................. 189
1.CMS はモジュラーか、リニアになる........................................................................................................................................................................................... 189
2. コンポーネント CMS. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 191
3. 構成システム................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 193

3-1. 構成システムにおける収集.......................................................................................................................................................................................................194
3-2. 構成システムにおける管理.......................................................................................................................................................................................................196
3-3. 構成システムにおける発行.......................................................................................................................................................................................................198
4. スキーマ駆動システム.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 201
4-1. スキーマ駆動システムにおける収集....................................................................................................................................................................................2034-2. スキーマ駆動システムにおける管理....................................................................................................................................................................................2034-3. スキーマ駆動システムにおける発行....................................................................................................................................................................................204
5. どのシステムが適切か......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 205
6. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 207

Chapter 10. コンテンツマネジメントのルーツ..................................................................................................................................................................... 208
1. 出版業界における知識ベース......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 209

1-1. 発行物.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................209
1-2. コンテンツ収集.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................210
1-3. プロセスの抜粋 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................211
2. ドキュメントマネジメントの原則.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 212
2-1. ファイルはコンテンツを含む...................................................................................................................................................................................................213
2-2. ファイルは BLOB を保管する.....................................................................................................................................................................................................215
2-3. 発行物はファイルだ.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................215
2-4.ドキュメントマネジメントシステム vs コンテンツマネジメントシステム.................................................................................................216

3.IT 部門の限界. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 218

3-1.IT 部門はウェブを避けた..............................................................................................................................................................................................................219
3-2. コンテンツは IT 部門が着手しなかったところから始まる......................................................................................................................................220
4. マルチメディア業界の残したもの.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 221
4-1. 電子出版................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................222
4-2. エンド・ツー・エンドのコンテンツマネジメント........................................................................................................................................................222
5. テクニカルコミュニケーションの挑戦.................................................................................................................................................................................... 223
5-1. 膨大な情報ベース............................................................................................................................................................................................................................223
5-2. 同時発行物...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................225
6. コミュニケーション理論..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 227
7. 図書館の伝統と情報科学.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 229
7-1. 情報の振る舞い.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................229
7-2. ユーザサービス.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................230
7-3. 知識のリプレゼンテーション...................................................................................................................................................................................................230
7-4. 情報検索................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................231

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8. ソフトウェア開発のテクノロジー.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 233

8-1. 収集テクノロジー............................................................................................................................................................................................................................234
8-2. 管理テクノロジー............................................................................................................................................................................................................................234
8-3. 発行テクノロジー............................................................................................................................................................................................................................235
8-4. 電子出版物の機能............................................................................................................................................................................................................................235
9. マーケティングの前提.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 237
10. まとめ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 238
ブランチ

Chapter 11. コンテンツマネジメントの枝. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 239
1. パーソナライゼーション..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 240

1-1. パーソナライゼーションとは何か..........................................................................................................................................................................................240
1-2.コンテンツマネジメントはパーソナライゼーションの基礎となる...................................................................................................................242

2. 高度なウェブサイト............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 245
3. 複数の発行物................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 246
4.E コマース........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 250

4-1. カタログとコンテンツマネジメント...................................................................................................................................................................................251
4-2.E コマースの機能とコンテンツマネジメント..................................................................................................................................................................252

5. ナレッジマネジメント.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 253

5-1. ナレッジマネジメントとは何か..............................................................................................................................................................................................253
5-2. ナレッジは管理するためのコンテンツだ..........................................................................................................................................................................254
6. オンラインコミュニティ.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 255
6-1. コミュニティとは何か..................................................................................................................................................................................................................2566-2. オンラインコミュニティをどのように構築するか......................................................................................................................................................257
7. その他のマネジメント......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 263
7-1. デジタルアセット管理（DAM）.................................................................................................................................................................................................265
7-2. 学習オブジェクト管理（LOM）.................................................................................................................................................................................................266
7-3. ソース管理...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................266
7-4. デジタル記録管理............................................................................................................................................................................................................................267
7-5. デジタル権利管理（DRM）...........................................................................................................................................................................................................268
8. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 270

Part3. コンテンツマネジメントのプロジェクトを実施する

271

Chapter 12. コンテンツマネジメントプロジェクトをシンプルに実施する........................................................................................... 272
1. なぜ最小規模の CMS を開発するのか...................................................................................................................................................................................... 273
2. わずかな予算で人材を確保する................................................................................................................................................................................................... 274

2-1. ビジネスパーソン............................................................................................................................................................................................................................275
2-2. コンテンツパーソン.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................276
2-3. パブリケーションパーソン.........................................................................................................................................................................................................276
2-4. テクノロジーパーソン..................................................................................................................................................................................................................277
3. プロジェクトの準備をする............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 278
3-1. 組織内を調査する............................................................................................................................................................................................................................278
3-2. 正しいプロジェクトを見つける..............................................................................................................................................................................................279
3-3. 正しいスポンサーを見つける...................................................................................................................................................................................................280
3-4. 委任を得る...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................281
3-5. 計画時の主な成果物.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................281
4. システムのデザイン............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 282
4-1. 最小限の要件を知る.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................282
4-2. 論理的デザインの基本.................................................................................................................................................................................................................283
4-3. デザイン時の主な成果物............................................................................................................................................................................................................283
5. システムの実装.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 284
5-1. ローテクを利用できないか........................................................................................................................................................................................................284
5-2. 製品選定の規模を縮小する.......................................................................................................................................................................................................288
5-3.「ノー」と言う.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................289
5-4. 実装時の主なプロセス.................................................................................................................................................................................................................290
5-5. 実装時の主な成果物.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................291

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6. システムの配備.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 292

6-1. 配備時の主なプロセス.................................................................................................................................................................................................................2936-2. 配備時の主な成果物.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................293
7. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 294

Chapter 13.CMS のスタッフィング.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 295
ジ ョ ブ

1. CMS の職務.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 295
2. マネージャー................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 297

2-1. コンテンツマネージャー.............................................................................................................................................................................................................297
2-2. プロジェクトマネージャー.........................................................................................................................................................................................................299
2-3. プロダクトマネージャー.............................................................................................................................................................................................................300

3. ビジネスアナリスト............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 301
4. 情報アーキテクト..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 303

4-1. コンテンツアナリスト.................................................................................................................................................................................................................303
4-2. メタター................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................305
5. インフラ担当スタッフ.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 307
5-1. CMS アドミニストレータ............................................................................................................................................................................................................307
5-2. 配備アナリスト.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................309
5-3. トレーナーとドキュメンテーション専門家......................................................................................................................................................................309
6. ソフトウェア開発者............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 310
6-1. ソフトウェアアナリスト.............................................................................................................................................................................................................310
6-2. テンプレートと CMS 開発者.......................................................................................................................................................................................................311
6-3. カスタムアプリケーション開発者.........................................................................................................................................................................................312
6-4. ソフトウェアインテグレーター..............................................................................................................................................................................................312
6-5. テストアナリストとテストエンジニア..............................................................................................................................................................................313
7. 発行物担当スタッフ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 314
7-1. 発行物アナリスト............................................................................................................................................................................................................................314
7-2. 発行物デザイナー............................................................................................................................................................................................................................315
7-3. ページ開発者......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................316
7-4. ユーザインターフェイス専門家...............................................................................................................................................................................................317
8. コンテンツ処理スタッフ.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 318
8-1. 変換アナリスト.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................318
8-2. ツール開発者......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................319
8-3. コンテンツ処理者............................................................................................................................................................................................................................319
8-4. コンテンツ QA（品質保証）専門家..........................................................................................................................................................................................320
9. コンテンツ作成スタッフ.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 320
9-1. 情報取得専門家.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................321
9-2. トラフィック監視者.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................321
9-3. ライターとその他のコンテンツ作成者...............................................................................................................................................................................321
9-4. 編集者.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................322
10. まとめ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 323

Chapter 14. 組織の中で働く..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 324
1. コンテンツマネジメントと組織................................................................................................................................................................................................... 324
2. コンテンツマネジメント vs その他のシステム............................................................................................................................................................... 328
3. 組織内の情報の流れを追う.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 328

3-1. 情報を理解する.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................330
3-2. 機能を理解する.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................331
4. 組織の役割を理解する......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 332
4-1. ビジネスユニットが価値を生む..............................................................................................................................................................................................333
4-2. 編集チームがコンテンツを統一する....................................................................................................................................................................................333
4-3. マーケティングチームが発行物を監督し、統一する...................................................................................................................................................334
4-4. IT 部門がインフラを構築し、メンテナンスする............................................................................................................................................................334
5. 何を共有するか.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 335
5-1. 製品..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................335
5-2. コード.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................336
5-3. コンテンツ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................337
5-4. 発行物.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................337
5-5. どのように決断するか.................................................................................................................................................................................................................338

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6. 組織モデルを探索する......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 339

6-1. 様々な収集...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................339
6-2. 様々な発行...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................342
6-3. 様々な管理...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................344
7. 機能的な収集と発行に取り組む. ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 346
7-1. 収集システムと発行物の種類で体系化する....................................................................................................................................................................347
7-2. 機能によるチームを作る.............................................................................................................................................................................................................348
8. CMS の前にあるハードルを特定する...................................................................................................................................................................................... 351
9. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 354

Chapter 15.CMS に向けて準備する................................................................................................................................................................................................... 356
1. 準備を始めるにあたって.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 356
2.CMS プロジェクトのプロセスを理解する............................................................................................................................................................................. 358
3. 仕事を終わらせるテクニック......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 360

3-1. プロジェクトチームを発足する..............................................................................................................................................................................................361
3-2. 組織内の「悩みの種」を探す......................................................................................................................................................................................................364
3-3. 現在の委任内容を評価する.......................................................................................................................................................................................................364
3-4. 組織の想定を評価する.................................................................................................................................................................................................................365
4. 成果物を検討する. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 368
4-1. 準備評価................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................369
4-2. ドキュメントの一覧と分析........................................................................................................................................................................................................371
4-3. コンテンツ関連システムの最新状況報告書....................................................................................................................................................................372
4-4. 教育計画................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................373
4-5. 予備プロジェクト計画..................................................................................................................................................................................................................375
4-6. リスク評価...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................376
5. スタッフィングのニーズを検討する......................................................................................................................................................................................... 377
6. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 378

Chapter 16. プロジェクト委任を確保する................................................................................................................................................................................. 379
1. 委任の確保を始めるにあたって................................................................................................................................................................................................... 379
2. 何について合意すべきか.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 380
3. 仕事を終わらせるテクニック......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 381

3-1. スポンサーを見分ける..................................................................................................................................................................................................................381
3-2. スポンサーについて学ぶ.............................................................................................................................................................................................................383
4. 成果物を検討する. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 385
4-1. スポンサーのプロフィール........................................................................................................................................................................................................385
4-2. 問題点の階層関係............................................................................................................................................................................................................................386
4-3. メモと議事録......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................387
4-4. 委任プロセス......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................388
4-5. プロジェクト委任............................................................................................................................................................................................................................392
5. スタッフィングのニーズを検討する......................................................................................................................................................................................... 395
6. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 396

Chapter 17. 要件を収集する..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 397
1. 要件収集を始めるにあたって......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 397
2. 要件とは何か................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 398
3. 仕事を終わらせるテクニック......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 399

3-1. 要件収集プロセス............................................................................................................................................................................................................................399
3-2. 要件..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4013-3. 組織にアプローチする..................................................................................................................................................................................................................406
4. 成果物を検討する. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 407
4-1. 要件収集アタックプラン.............................................................................................................................................................................................................408
4-2. 要件書.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................409
5. スタッフィングのニーズを検討する......................................................................................................................................................................................... 409
6. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 410

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Chapter 18. 論理的デザイン..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 411
1. 論理的デザインを始めるにあたって........................................................................................................................................................................................ 411
2. 論理的デザインとは何か.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 413
3. 仕事を終わらせるテクニック......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 415

3-1. なぜ論理的デザインをするのか.............................................................................................................................................................................................416
3-2. ビジネスからシステムへ............................................................................................................................................................................................................418
3-3. デザインを繰り返す.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................420
3-4. 制約についての三角測量............................................................................................................................................................................................................421
3-5. 詳細を管理する.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................423
4. 成果物を検討する. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 424
4-1. デザインアタックプラン.............................................................................................................................................................................................................424
4-2. 収集デザインドキュメント........................................................................................................................................................................................................426
4-3. 管理デザインドキュメント........................................................................................................................................................................................................426
4-4. 発行物デザインドキュメント...................................................................................................................................................................................................429
4-5. オーディエンス分析.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................433
4-6. ローカライゼーション計画.........................................................................................................................................................................................................4344-7. リスク評価計画.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................437
4-8. プロジェクト計画の改訂版........................................................................................................................................................................................................438
4-9. エグゼクティブサマリー.............................................................................................................................................................................................................439
5. スタッフィングのニーズを検討する......................................................................................................................................................................................... 440
6. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 442

Chapter 19. ハードウェアとソフトウェアを選択する................................................................................................................................................... 443
1. システムの選択を始めるにあたって........................................................................................................................................................................................ 443
2. 製品のパラドックス............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 445
3. 自作、購入、あるいはレンタル？.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 452

3-1.CMS を自分たちでゼロから構築する...................................................................................................................................................................................453
3-2.CMS を購入する................................................................................................................................................................................................................................454
3-3.CMS をレンタルする......................................................................................................................................................................................................................454
4. 仕事を終わらせるテクニック......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 457
4-1. 意思決定者をどのように選ぶか.............................................................................................................................................................................................457
4-2. 製品をどのように選ぶか............................................................................................................................................................................................................459
5. 成果物を検討する. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 472
5-1. 製品の関連資料.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................472
5-2. 選択基準と RFP..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................473
5-3. 採点表.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................474
5-4. デザインダイアグラム.................................................................................................................................................................................................................474
5-5. 決定報告書...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................475
5-6. リスク評価の更新............................................................................................................................................................................................................................476
5-7. プロジェクト計画の更新.............................................................................................................................................................................................................477
6. スタッフィングのニーズを検討する......................................................................................................................................................................................... 477
7.CMS の選択基準を整理する.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 479
7-1. ビジネスに関する基準.................................................................................................................................................................................................................480
7-2. 総合的な基準......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................481
7-3. 収集に関する基準............................................................................................................................................................................................................................487
7-4. 管理に関する基準............................................................................................................................................................................................................................492
7-5. 発行に関する基準............................................................................................................................................................................................................................500
8. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 507

Chapter 20. システムを実装する......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 508
1. システム実装を始めるにあたって.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 508
2. これまでのプロセスを振り返る................................................................................................................................................................................................... 510
3. これまでのプロジェクトを振り返る........................................................................................................................................................................................ 511
4. 仕事を終わらせるテクニック......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 512

4-1. 縮小する................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................512
4-2.1 つのプロジェクトか、多くのプロジェクトか...............................................................................................................................................................513
4-3. 実装プロセスの詳細.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................515

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5. 成果物を検討する. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 532

5-1. 収集仕様................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................534
5-2. 管理仕様................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................536
5-3. 発行物仕様...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................537
5-4. プロジェクト計画............................................................................................................................................................................................................................540
5-5. リスク評価計画.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................542

6. スタッフィングのニーズを検討する......................................................................................................................................................................................... 543
7. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 544

Chapter 21. システムを公開する......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 545
1. システム公開を始めるにあたって.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 545
2. 配備とは何か................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 546
3. 仕事を終わらせるテクニック......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 547

3-1. ドキュメントを作成する.............................................................................................................................................................................................................547
3-2. トレーニングを行う.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................555
3-3. システムを始動する.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................558
3-4. コンテンツの準備............................................................................................................................................................................................................................563
3-5. システムの改訂.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................564
4. 成果物を検討する. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 566
4-1. 配備仕様書...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................566
4-2. スタッフィング計画.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................567
4-3. トレーニング計画............................................................................................................................................................................................................................568
4-4. ドキュメント化計画.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................569
4-5. メンテナンス計画............................................................................................................................................................................................................................570

5. まとめ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 572

デザイン・構築編
Part4.CMS をデザインする

27

Chapter 22.CMS をシンプルにデザインする.............................................................................................................................................................................. 28
1. 論理的デザインの本質............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28
2. エンティティの概観................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
3. 論理的デザイン：事例.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 31

3-1.PLAN インターナショナル：事例となる組織...................................................................................................................................................................... 31
3-2. 極めてシンプルな論理的デザイン.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
4. シンプルな論理的デザインを超えて........................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
5. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36

Chapter 23. コンテンツマネジメントの車輪.............................................................................................................................................................................. 37
1. コンテンツマネジメントのエンティティ................................................................................................................................................................................ 37

1-1.CMS の車輪の概要............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 39
1-2. エンティティがもたらす抽象概念層...................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
1-3. ゴールと要件........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 42
1-4. オーディエンス................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 48
1-5. 発行物....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51
1-6. コンテンツタイプ.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 54
1-7. 執筆者....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
1-8. 取得情報源............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 60
1-9. アクセス構造........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 62
1-10. ワークフローとスタッフィング.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 65

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2. 考察、計画、調整............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 67
3. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 69

Chapter 24. メタデータで作業する....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 70
1. メタデータとは何か.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 70

1-1.「メタ」は何を意味するか.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 70
1-2.「メタデータ」は何を意味するか............................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
1-3.「メタデータ編集」は何を意味するか..................................................................................................................................................................................... 75
1-4. 狭義な意味でのメタデータ.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 77
1-5. 広義な意味でのメタデータ.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 77
1-6. メタデータとコンテンツマネジメント................................................................................................................................................................................. 78

2. メタデータの種類を理解する............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 79

2-1. 構造メタデータ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 80
2-2. フォーマットメタデータ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 83
2-3. アクセスメタデータ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
2-4. 管理メタデータ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 87
2-5. 含有メタデータ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 88
3. メタデータフィールドを分類する. ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 91
4. メタデータ編集処理.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 93
4-1. メタター.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 95
4-2. メタデータ編集ガイド.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 97
5. メタデータをローカライズする.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 102
6. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 103

Chapter 25. オーディエンスを列挙する........................................................................................................................................................................................ 104
1. オーディエンスの列挙を始めるにあたって. ....................................................................................................................................................................... 104
2. オーディエンスへのサービス vs オーディエンスの利用........................................................................................................................................... 106
3. オーディエンスとは何か..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 107

3-1. オーディエンスとコミュニケーター.....................................................................................................................................................................................1083-2. オーディエンスとマーケティング..........................................................................................................................................................................................109
3-3. オーディエンスとユーザ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................110
3-4. どれくらいのオーディエンスがいるのか..........................................................................................................................................................................110
4. オーディエンスとローカライゼーション............................................................................................................................................................................... 112
4-1. ローカライゼーションとは何か...............................................................................................................................................................................................113
4-2. ローカリティをどうとらえるか..............................................................................................................................................................................................113
4-3. オーディエンスとローカリティ...............................................................................................................................................................................................115
4-4. 何をローカライズするか.............................................................................................................................................................................................................116
4-5. ローカライゼーションとコンテンツマネジメント......................................................................................................................................................117
5. オーディエンスの参考事例............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 118
6. オーディエンスを分析する............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 119
6-1. 考察..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................120
6-2. 計画..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................120
6-3. 調整..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................127
7. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 128

Chapter 26. 発行物をデザインする................................................................................................................................................................................................... 129
1. 発行物の分析を始めるにあたって.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 129
2. 発行物とは何か.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 130

2-1. 発行物の目的......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................133
2-2. 発行者.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................134
2-3. オーディエンス.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................135
2-4. メッセージ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................136
2-5. 著作者の存在......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................139
2-6. 発行物のフォーマット...................................................................................................................................................................................................................140
2-7. 発行物の構造......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................141
2-8. 発行物は良くも悪くもなる.......................................................................................................................................................................................................143
2-9. 発行物に関する様々なヒント...................................................................................................................................................................................................144

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3. 発行物を分析する. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 148

3-1. 考察..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................149
3-2. 計画..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................149
3-3. 調整..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................155

4. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 156

Chapter 27. コンテンツタイプをデザインする.................................................................................................................................................................... 157
1. コンテンツタイプのデザインを始めるにあたって....................................................................................................................................................... 157
2. コンテンツモデルの概念.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 159
3. コンポーネントとは何か.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 162

3-1. コンポーネントはオブジェクトのようなもの................................................................................................................................................................163
3-2. コンテンツマネジメントの基本単位...................................................................................................................................................................................165
3-3. コンテンツをどのように分割するか...................................................................................................................................................................................167
3-4. コンポーネント vs ページ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................168
3-5. コンテンツにはタイプとコンポーネントがある...........................................................................................................................................................169
4. コンテンツタイプにはエレメントがある............................................................................................................................................................................. 171
4-1. エレメントには分類と値がある.............................................................................................................................................................................................172
4-2. 固有の識別子......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................173
4-3. コンポーネント内にあるローカリティ...............................................................................................................................................................................173
5. コンポーネントはどのように見えるか................................................................................................................................................................................... 175
5-1. フラットファイル内のコンポーネント................................................................................................................................................................................175
5-2. 構造化ファイル内のコンポーネント....................................................................................................................................................................................176
5-3. リレーショナルデータベース内のコンポーネント.......................................................................................................................................................177
5-4. オブジェクトデータベース内のコンポーネント............................................................................................................................................................178
6. 機能とコンポーネントの関係......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 179
6-1. 機能コンポーネント.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................180
6-2. 機能のコンテンツタイプとコンポーネント.....................................................................................................................................................................184
7. コンテンツタイプを分析する. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 185
7-1. 考察..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................186
7-2. 計画..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................186
7-3. 調整..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................196
8. コンテンツタイプの実例.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 197
8-1. 提携..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................199
8-2. 所在地.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................200
8-3. ソリューション..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................201
8-4. 提案..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................202
8-5. 年次報告書...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................203
8-6.SEC（米証券取引委員会）用提出書類....................................................................................................................................................................................2038-7. イベント................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2048-8. プレスリリース.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................205
8-9. ニュースレター.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................206
8-10. 外部ニュース...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................207
8-11. 外部リンク........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................207
8-12. 記事.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................208
8-13.FAQ（よくある質問）....................................................................................................................................................................................................................208
8-14. 取引先..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................209
8-15. 求人.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................210
8-16. ダウンロード...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................211
8-17. 人物プロフィール.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................211
8-18. 標準的な管理エレメント..........................................................................................................................................................................................................212
9. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 214

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Chapter 28. 執筆者に対応する............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 215
1. 執筆者への対応を始めるにあたって........................................................................................................................................................................................ 215
2. 執筆とは何か................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 217

2-1. 執筆者になりうる人は誰か.......................................................................................................................................................................................................217
2-2. 独創的な作品を得る.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................218
2-3. 執筆用ツール......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................219
2-4.CMS への格納に先立つ執筆.......................................................................................................................................................................................................220
3. 執筆者の意識................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 221
3-1. 執筆者の意識を変える.................................................................................................................................................................................................................221
3-2. コンテンツを変える.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................223

4. 執筆者に対する意識............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 224

4-1. 技術的な能力......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................225
4-2. 影響力.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2274-3. インセンティブ.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................228
4-4. 技術的な能力と影響力のマトリックス...............................................................................................................................................................................229
5. 執筆者を分析する. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 231
5-1. 考察..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................231
5-2. 計画..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................231
5-3. 調整..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................238
6. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 239

Chapter 29. 取得情報源に対応する................................................................................................................................................................................................... 240
1. 取得情報源への対応を始めるにあたって............................................................................................................................................................................. 240
2. 取得とは何か................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 242

2-1. 発見された情報源............................................................................................................................................................................................................................2432-2. シンジケートされた情報源........................................................................................................................................................................................................244
2-3. シンジケーションか、接続か.....................................................................................................................................................................................................247
2-4. 機能を取得する.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................248
3. 執筆者か、取得情報源か...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 250
4. 情報源を分析する. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 252
4-1. 考察..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................252
4-2. 計画..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................253
4-3. 調整..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................260
5. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 261

Chapter 30. コンテンツのアクセス構造をデザインする............................................................................................................................................ 262
1. アクセス構造の分析を始めるにあたって............................................................................................................................................................................. 262
2. アクセス構造を理解する.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 266

2-1. 発行物のナビゲーション vs CMS のアクセス構造........................................................................................................................................................268
2-2. コンテンツ領域.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................270
2-3. 階層..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................273
2-4. 索引..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................278
2-5. クロスリファレンス.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................281
2-6. シーケンス...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................287
2-7. 全文検索................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................289
3. アクセス構造を分析する.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 291
3-1. 考察..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................291
3-2. 計画..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................292
3-3. 調整..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................304
4. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 305

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Chapter 31. テンプレートをデザインする................................................................................................................................................................................. 306
1. テンプレートのデザインを始めるにあたって.................................................................................................................................................................. 306
2. 発行物とテンプレート.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 307

2-1. 世界の橋渡しをする.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................308
2-2. 静的なものと動的なものを混在させる..............................................................................................................................................................................311
2-3. ページを作成する............................................................................................................................................................................................................................313
2-4. 発行物の体系を作る.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................313
2-5. テンプレートプロセッサを用いる.........................................................................................................................................................................................3152-6. テンプレートのロジックを理解する....................................................................................................................................................................................316
2-7. テンプレート内でテンプレートを用いる..........................................................................................................................................................................317
2-8. ウェブのテンプレート..................................................................................................................................................................................................................321
2-9. 印刷物のテンプレート..................................................................................................................................................................................................................328
2-10. ファックスのテンプレート......................................................................................................................................................................................................332
2-11.E メールのテンプレート.............................................................................................................................................................................................................333
3. テンプレートを分析する.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 334
3-1. 考察..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................334
3-2. 計画..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................334
3-3. 調整..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................343
4. テンプレートの実例............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 345
4-1. テンプレートのベストプラクティス....................................................................................................................................................................................346
4-2. コンポーネントテンプレート...................................................................................................................................................................................................346
4-3. ナビゲーションテンプレート....................................................................................................................................................................................................354
5. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 362

Chapter 32. パーソナライゼーションをデザインする................................................................................................................................................... 363
1. パーソナライゼーションのデザインを始めるにあたって....................................................................................................................................... 363
2. 発行物とパーソナライゼーション............................................................................................................................................................................................... 365

2-1. パーソナライゼーションとオーディエンス......................................................................................................................................................................365
2-2. パーソナライゼーションとコンポーネント......................................................................................................................................................................367
2-3. パーソナライゼーションとルール..........................................................................................................................................................................................368
2-4. テンプレートでのパーソナライゼーション......................................................................................................................................................................370
2-5. カスタマイゼーション vs パーソナライゼーション.....................................................................................................................................................372
2-6. 動的、あるいは静的なパーソナライゼーション.............................................................................................................................................................374
3. パーソナライゼーションを分析する......................................................................................................................................................................................... 375
3-1. 考察..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................376
3-2. 計画..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................377
3-3. 調整..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................387
4. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 388

Chapter 33. ワークフローとスタッフィングモデルをデザインする............................................................................................................... 389
1. ワークフローのデザインを始めるにあたって................................................................................................................................................................... 390
2. ワークフローを理解する..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 391

2-1. ワークフローのトリガー..............................................................................................................................................................................................................397
2-2. ワークフローのオブジェクト....................................................................................................................................................................................................398
2-3. ワークフローに対する視点........................................................................................................................................................................................................400
2-4. ワークフローのプッシュとプル...............................................................................................................................................................................................402
3. タスク、ジョブ、ステップとは何か............................................................................................................................................................................................. 403
3-1. スタッフィングモデル..................................................................................................................................................................................................................404
3-2. スタッフ、ジョブ、タスク............................................................................................................................................................................................................405
3-3. タスクの所要時間の見積もり..................................................................................................................................................................................................408
3-4. スタッフィングの見積もり........................................................................................................................................................................................................410
3-5. 誤差..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................410
4. ローカライゼーションをワークフローに適合させる................................................................................................................................................... 412
5. ワークフローを分析する..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 417
5-1. 考察..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................417
5-2. 計画..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................417
5-3. 調整..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................423

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6. スタッフィングを分析する............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 425

6-1. 考察..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................425
6-2. 計画..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................426
6-3. 調整..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................429

7. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 430

Part5.CMS を構築する

431

Chapter 34.CMS をシンプルに構築する. ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 432
1. 物理的デザインとは何か.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 432
2. 物理的デザインの本質......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 433
3. シンプルな物理的デザインのプロセス.................................................................................................................................................................................. 436
4. 技術用語タクソノミーの概要......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 438

4-1. 技術用語タクソノミーの索引...................................................................................................................................................................................................439

5. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 443

Chapter 35. コンテンツマークアップ言語とは何か？................................................................................................................................................... 444
1. マークアップ言語の略史と抜粋史.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 444
2. マークアップ言語とは何か............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 448
3. マークアップ言語のタクソノミー. ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 449

3-1.ASCII コード vs バイナリ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................450
3-2. フォーマット vs 構造......................................................................................................................................................................................................................451
3-3. 拡張可能 vs 拡張不可能...............................................................................................................................................................................................................452
3-4. 対象範囲................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................453
4. マークアップで作業する..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 454
4-1. シンタックスで挫折しないこと..............................................................................................................................................................................................454
4-2. 言語 vs インタープリタ................................................................................................................................................................................................................457
4-3. 表現のしかたを表現する............................................................................................................................................................................................................457
4-4. ネストの概念......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................458
4-5. ホワイトスペースの利点.............................................................................................................................................................................................................459
4-6. 自由裁量の範囲.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................462

5. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 463

Chapter 36.XML とコンテンツマネジメント.......................................................................................................................................................................... 464
1.XML とは何か................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 464

1-1.XML とデータ交換............................................................................................................................................................................................................................465
1-2.XML のタグ付け.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................465
1-3. スキーマ、あるいは DTD による管理.....................................................................................................................................................................................472
1-4. フォーマッティングを加える....................................................................................................................................................................................................474
2. コンテンツマネジメントに XML を使う................................................................................................................................................................................. 475
2-1. 収集における XML...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................476
2-2. 管理における XML...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................476
2-3. 発行における XML...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................478
2-4. 統合における XML...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................479
2-5.XML の仲間たちからの支援........................................................................................................................................................................................................479
3.XML でのプログラミング.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 482
3-1.XML を理解しなければならないのは誰か.........................................................................................................................................................................482
3-2.DOM を用いた XML プログラミング......................................................................................................................................................................................484
4. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 492

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Chapter 37. コンテンツを処理する................................................................................................................................................................................................... 493
1. コンテンツ処理とは何か.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 493

1-1. ストリッピング.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................495
1-2. マッピング...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................496
2. コンテンツ処理と CMS. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 497
2-1. 長期的な利点に注目する............................................................................................................................................................................................................497
2-2. 短期的な利点に注目する............................................................................................................................................................................................................500
2-3. 処理の本質を引き出す.................................................................................................................................................................................................................501
2-4. 処理にマンパワーを投入する...................................................................................................................................................................................................502
2-5. マスターファイルのトラッキング..........................................................................................................................................................................................503

3. コンテンツ処理プロジェクトを管理する............................................................................................................................................................................. 505

3-1. コンテンツ一覧を検討する.......................................................................................................................................................................................................506
3-2. 処理仕様を検討する.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................507
3-3. 検証のメソッドを定義する........................................................................................................................................................................................................508
4. コンテンツ処理のメカニズムを知る........................................................................................................................................................................................ 509
4-1. コンテンツマッピングの原則を理解する..........................................................................................................................................................................511
5. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 519

Chapter 38. 収集システムを構築する............................................................................................................................................................................................. 520
1. 収集システムを構築するにあたって........................................................................................................................................................................................ 521
2. 混乱を最小限に抑え、特定の価値を最大化する.............................................................................................................................................................. 521
3. フォーム、ファイル、バッチ処理................................................................................................................................................................................................... 522
4. コンテンツモデルによる駆動. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 524
5. 執筆システム................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 525

5-1. 連携型の検索......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................527
5-2. 連携型のワークフロー..................................................................................................................................................................................................................527
5-3. アプリケーションの起動.............................................................................................................................................................................................................528
5-4. アップロードのサポート..............................................................................................................................................................................................................529
5-5. 高度なメディアサポート.............................................................................................................................................................................................................529
5-6. スペルチェック.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................530
5-7. 連携型の編集ガイドとメタデータ編集ガイド................................................................................................................................................................531
5-8. オフラインコンテンツの作成..................................................................................................................................................................................................532
5-9. プレビュー...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................532
5-10. フィードバック...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................534
5-11. メタデータのサポート................................................................................................................................................................................................................535
5-12. ウェブフォーム...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................539
5-13. その他の執筆用アプリケーション......................................................................................................................................................................................543
6. 変換システム................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 547
6-1. 基本インポート.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................550
6-2. ファイルからコンテンツタイプへのマッピング...........................................................................................................................................................550
6-3. バッチ処理...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................550
6-4. 統合システムとの連携.................................................................................................................................................................................................................551
6-5. プロセス管理......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................551
6-6. 品質管理とモニタリング............................................................................................................................................................................................................554
6-7. 処理およびレビューツール........................................................................................................................................................................................................556
7. 取得システム................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 558
7-1. プロセスとパートナーの管理...................................................................................................................................................................................................560
7-2. 権利と用法...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................560
7-3. 帰属性の管理......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................561
7-4. データベースレコードの取得....................................................................................................................................................................................................562
7-5. ウェブサイトコンテンツの取得..............................................................................................................................................................................................564
8. 統合システム................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 567
8-1. メタデータの自動適用..................................................................................................................................................................................................................568
8-2. メタデータ標準規格のサポート..............................................................................................................................................................................................569
8-3. ワークフローのトリガー..............................................................................................................................................................................................................569
8-4. セグメント化......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................570
8-5. 編集処理................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................572
8-6. メタデータ編集処理.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................576

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9. レポジトリインターフェイス. ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 582

9-1. 更新と削除...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................582
9-2. ファイルの投稿と格納..................................................................................................................................................................................................................582
9-3.WebDAV のサポート......................................................................................................................................................................................................................583

10. まとめ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 584

Chapter 39. 管理システムを構築する............................................................................................................................................................................................. 585
1. 管理システムとは何か......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 586
2. レポジトリ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 586

2-1.CMS と組織との適合支援............................................................................................................................................................................................................588
2-2. コンテンツの入出力.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................588
2-3. レポジトリを包括するスキーマ..............................................................................................................................................................................................589
2-4. 広範囲な検索と置換.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................590
2-5. コンテンツの検索............................................................................................................................................................................................................................592
2-6. バルク処理...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................593
2-7. フィールド型のサポート..............................................................................................................................................................................................................593
2-8. 一般的な格納場所の要件............................................................................................................................................................................................................594
2-9. リレーショナルデータベースシステム................................................................................................................................................................................597
2-10. オブジェクトデータベース......................................................................................................................................................................................................6162-11. ファイルシステム.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................630
3. バージョン管理システム..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 632
3-1. 自動のバージョン管理 vs 手動のバージョン管理..........................................................................................................................................................633
3-2. バージョンの粒度管理..................................................................................................................................................................................................................633
3-3. 復元..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................635
3-4. バージョンの識別............................................................................................................................................................................................................................635
3-5. ソースの分岐......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................636
4. ソース制御システム（コンテンツとファイルの共有）................................................................................................................................................. 636
4-1. 粒度の共有...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................637
4-2. ロック.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................638
4-3. チェックインとチェックアウト...............................................................................................................................................................................................639
4-4. 通知..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................639
4-5. オーディットトレイル...................................................................................................................................................................................................................640
5. ローカライゼーションシステム.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 641
5-1. 収集のローカライゼーション....................................................................................................................................................................................................641
5-2. 管理のローカライゼーション....................................................................................................................................................................................................645
5-3. 発行物のローカライゼーション...............................................................................................................................................................................................650
6. ワークフローシステム.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 654
6-1. エンドユーザインターフェイス...............................................................................................................................................................................................655
6-2. ワークフローのアドミニストレーション...........................................................................................................................................................................659
6-3. ワークフローのメカニズム........................................................................................................................................................................................................663
7.CMS アドミニストレーションシステム................................................................................................................................................................................... 666
7-1. アドミニストレーションダッシュボード...........................................................................................................................................................................667
7-2. ユーザアドミニストレーション...............................................................................................................................................................................................668
7-3. ロギング................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................669
7-4. レポート作成......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................670
7-5. セキュリティ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................671
7-6. リンクのサポート............................................................................................................................................................................................................................673
7-7. メディアのサポート.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................674
7-8. 知的財産のトラッキングと支払い.........................................................................................................................................................................................675
7-9. 外部との接続......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................676
7-10. 堅牢性..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................681
8. まとめ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 685

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Chapter 40. 発行システムを構築する............................................................................................................................................................................................. 686
1. テンプレートシステム.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 687

1-1. ターゲットとなるフォーマットの作成................................................................................................................................................................................688
1-2. ターゲットとなるユニット構造の作成................................................................................................................................................................................690
1-3. レイアウトと周辺要素.................................................................................................................................................................................................................691
1-4. テンプレートのプログラミング..............................................................................................................................................................................................692
1-5. 静的および動的な発行物の作成.............................................................................................................................................................................................696
1-6. テキストとメディアの即時変換..............................................................................................................................................................................................697
1-7. 発行物デザインツールとの統合..............................................................................................................................................................................................698
1-8. 使い回しのきくテンプレート...................................................................................................................................................................................................699
1-9. ナビゲーションの構築..................................................................................................................................................................................................................701
2. パーソナライゼーションシステム............................................................................................................................................................................................... 719
2-1. パーソナライゼーションダッシュボード............................................................................................................................................................................719
2-2. データ収集...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................721
2-3. ルールの策定......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................725
2-4. コンテンツの配信............................................................................................................................................................................................................................728
3. 配備システム................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 732
3-1. ステージング......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................733
3-2. コンテンツに基づいた配備.......................................................................................................................................................................................................733
3-3. ファイルのディストリビューション.....................................................................................................................................................................................734
3-4. 計画的な発行......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................735
4. ウェブシステム. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 736
4-1. 既存のウェブインフラとの統合..............................................................................................................................................................................................737
4-2. 検索と索引付け.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................739
4-3. ブラウザ依存からの開放............................................................................................................................................................................................................741
4-4. 複数サーバに渡るファイルのディストリビューション.............................................................................................................................................742
4-5. ウェブプラットフォームのサポート.....................................................................................................................................................................................743
5. 印刷システム................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 746
5-1. テクニカルパブリケーション...................................................................................................................................................................................................747
5-2. セクションおよびサブセクションのサポート................................................................................................................................................................748
5-3. 物語性のサポート............................................................................................................................................................................................................................750
5-4. ナビゲーションのサポート.........................................................................................................................................................................................................756
5-5. 動的な印刷発行物............................................................................................................................................................................................................................756
5-6.Word ファイルの作成.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................757
6.E メールシステム. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 761
6-1.E メールの種類...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................762
6-2. 行き先となるページ.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................763
6-3.E メールサーバへの統合................................................................................................................................................................................................................764
6-4. テンプレートの選択.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................764
6-5. パーソナライゼーションのサポート.....................................................................................................................................................................................765
7. シンジケーションシステム............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 766
7-1. シンジケーションの購読者管理..............................................................................................................................................................................................767
7-2. コンテンツの選択............................................................................................................................................................................................................................769
7-3. フィードの作成と配信..................................................................................................................................................................................................................770
8. その他の発行システム......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 772
8-1. 多様なプレビュー............................................................................................................................................................................................................................774
9. レポジトリインターフェイス. ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 775
9-1. ファイルとディレクトリの作成..............................................................................................................................................................................................775
9-2. 実行時依存性の解決.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................775
9-3. データベースとメタデータの出力..........................................................................................................................................................................................776
10. まとめ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 777

エピローグ.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 778

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