National policies on ruraldecentralized domestic
wastewater treatment inChinaDr. Meixue Chen
North Center for Rural Wastewater Treatment
Technology，Ministry of Housing and UrbanRural Development
Sep. 19, 2018

North Center for Rural Wastewater Treatment Technology
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development
Mission & Goals
To build scientific and technological platforms, gather national scientific andtechnological forces, serve rural pollution control, and provide technical support for
the formulation of relevant policies, regulations and administrative management.
Established in 2008

Pollution
characteristics
National survey andevaluation of rural sewage

Source and proportion ofrural household sewage

Spatial and temporalcharacteristics of rural sewage

R&D
200t/dOxidation ditch

MBR

Demonstration in
Yunnan2t/dDemonstration inGuangxi

First demonstration
county:Changshu

Administrative
supportPlanning

Technical guidelines

Standard specification

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1.Current situation of pollution control in rural area
1.1 The inevitable requirement of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects

By the end of 2017, the pollution-free
disposal rate of urban household
garbage will reach 97%, and only 55%
in rural areas ；Urban residents generally use water flush toilets, while only
36 percent of rural households use water flush toilets

The overall look of the countryside has not fundamentally changed. We must
conform to the expectations of farmers for a better life.

31.Current situation of pollution control in rural area

General Secretary Xi proposed to "launch a toilet revolution" at apeasant family of Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province
41.Current situation of pollution control in rural area

North east

Northwest

North of China
Middle southWest south
South of China

Rural areas

Different climate, geographical features, economicdevelopment level, drainage habits……

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1.Current situation of pollution control in rural area
1.2 Needs for decentralized wastewater systems

1. Satisfy the demand of public healthand various water quality goals;
2. Economic suitability of processing
technologies;
3. Operation simple and easy routine
management.

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1.Current situation of pollution control in rural area

1.3 Actions

13th Five-Year Plan: Rural Residential
Environment Improvement Actions•••

Integration of urban and rural development
The development of social undertakings in ruralareas
Urban public services extend to rural areas
71.Current situation of pollution control in rural area

1.3 Actions

Rural household toilet renovation
Three kinds of patterns• Black water treatment is preferred• Health dry toilet• Combination of rural sewage treatment

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2.Case study
2.1Experience in Shandong province
Determine governance patterns appropriately
General village

three-squared septic tank

Double urn funnel toilet

9Basic principles of septic tanks
Function: the primary treatment structures of suspended matter, organic matterand pathogenic microorganisms in fecal sewage or other domestic sewage areremoved by precipitation and anaerobic microbial fermentation.
Removal rate: after 12-24h precipitation, 50% to 60% of suspended matter isremoved, and the precipitate is decomposed by anaerobic fermentation for morethan 3 months, and becomes stable mature sludge.

Influent

effluent

the first tank the secondtankthe thirdtank

Structure10

We will actively explore and innovate to provide policies, funds
and technical guarantee for the sewage treatment of rural toilets
To explore the operation system of toilet

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2.1Experience in Shandong province
villages in a mountainous area or ina water-deficient area
Fecal urine collection toilet

composition
Store tank of the urinal
Fecal and urine diverter

12Ecological toilet
Separation of fecal and urine

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2.1Experience in Shandong province
villages covered by a town sewerage network

New rural community

Flush toilet

Villages in key drinking water sources protection areas152.2 Experience in Changshu
Demonstration of one hundred counties

Unified• Planning• Construction• Management• Operation

98%

95%
65%
40%
20%

10%
Wastewater
treatment
ratio

Facilities
good rate

20082014

Working rateChangshu model
Regional
integrated
propulsion

Government
purchaseservice

Unifiedoperation ofthe company

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2.2 Experience in Changshu
unified planning

County as an unit

29 WWTPs before 2008

11 WWTPs after 2012

Since 2008, local governments have broken administrative boundaries, drawn up special
plans for the treatment of domestic sewage, removed, upgraded and built high-standard
centralized sewage treatment plants, and rationally laid out decentralized sewage
treatment facilities in rural areas.
172.2 Experience in Changshu
unified planning
一、统一规划308 thousand tons/day

30.9%

Decentralized

69.1%

VillageHouseholds
Centralized

About 70% of the households in Changshu have their sewage treated in the urban pipe
network. Other farmers choose three decentralized treatment modes, namely relatively
centralized, village group treatment and household treatment, according to the classificationof village shape and scale.
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2.2 Experience in Changshu
Information-based monitoring platform of rural sewage treatment
The operation of decentralized sewage treatment facilities is clear at a glance. The monitoring center canmonitor the running status of fans and pumps in real time, and then make analysis and statistics togenerate operation reports, so as to reduce labor maintenance costs and improve work efficiency

Remote control for
centralized management
Online to off-line

Centralized management for decentralized facilities

3. Consideration

Management• Funding• Appropriate system design and selectionprocess• Operator training

Promotion Plan—Funding• PPP（Public-Private-Partnership）••

The main body of construction and operation management : Enterprises
Local government is mainly to buy services included in the annual budget
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Thanks for your attention!

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