ෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄㧔ሶߤ߽ኅᐸ✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ㧕ಽᜂ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠಽᜂ⺖㗴㧦ᵹ↥ߩࠛࡇࠫࠚࡀ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥ⇣Ᏹߩ⸃ᨆ⎇ⓥಽᜂ⠪ ⒌ஜ৻㇢ ࿖┙ᚑ⢒ක≮࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⎇ⓥᚲ๟↥ᦼ∛ᘒ⎇ⓥㇱ ㇱ㐳⎇ⓥⷐᣦ
&0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ߿ࡅࠬ࠻ࡦߩࡔ࠴࡞ൻࠍߪߓ߼ߣߔࠆࠛࡇࠫࠚࡀ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥㆮવሶ⊒⃻೙ᓮߪ‫੃ູޔ‬㘃ߩ⊒↢ߣ↢ሽߦᔅ㗇ߩᯏ᭴ߢ޽ࠆ‫⇣ߥࠢ࠶ࠖ࠹ࡀࠚࠫࡇࠛޕ‬Ᏹߪ‫৻ޔ‬⷗ㆮવሶᄌ⇣ߦ઻߁⇣Ᏹߣ㘃ૃߒߡ޿ࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩㆮવቇ⊛⸃ᨆߢߪหቯߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿‫&ޔߪࠣࡦࠖ࠹ࡦ࡝ࡊࡦࠗࡓࡁࠥޕ‬0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻߦࠃߞߡ೙ᓮߐࠇࠆ
ઍ⴫⊛ࠛࡇࠫࠚࡀ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥ↢๮⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫߇ࠣࡦࠖ࠹ࡦ࡝ࡊࡦࠗޔ‬⎕✋ߔࠆߣ‫ࡅޔ‬࠻ߢ߽ࡑ࠙ࠬߢ߽‫ޔ‬⢝⋚ᒻᚑ⇣Ᏹࠍ઻ߞߚ⢝ఽ⊒↢⊒⢒⇣Ᏹ߇ⷰኤߐࠇࠆ‫⁁ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᴫ⸽᜚߆ࠄ‫&ޔ‬0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻߦࠃࠆㆮવሶ⊒⃻೙ᓮߪ‫ޔ‬ೋᦼߩ⛐Ძ⊒↢ಽൻߦ․೎ߥᓎഀ
ࠍᜂߞߡ޿ࠆߣផ᷹ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵹ↥ߦߪ‫ޔ‬᣿ࠄ߆ߥᚑ࿃߇หቯߢ߈ߥ޿∝଀߇ᄙᢙ฽߹ࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߘࠃ߅ޔ‬ඨᢙߪᱜᏱᩭဳߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ᧂޔߪߦ଀∝ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬⍮ߩᓸ⚦ߥᨴ⦡૕⇣Ᏹ޽ࠆ޿ߪࠛࡇࠫࠚࡀ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥ⇣Ᏹ߇฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߇‫⸃ߥ⊛⛔♽ޔ‬ᨆߪⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᧄಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⸘↹ߢߪ‫ࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬ᨴ⦡૕਄ߦᢔ࿷ߒ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᯏ᭴ߦࠃߞߡ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻߐ
ࠇࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㗔ၞ㧔ᣢ⍮ߩࠗࡦࡊ࡝ࡦ࠹ࠖࡦࠣㆮવሶ㑐ㅪࡔ࠴࡞ൻ㗔ၞోߡ‫ޔ‬෻ᓳ㈩೉‫ޔ‬: ᨴ⦡૕‫ޔ‬⢝⋚․⇣⊛㕖ࡔ࠴࡞ൻㆮવሶ㗔ၞࠍ฽߻ว⸘  ▎ᚲࠍᮡ⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬ቯ㊂⊛߆ߟඨ✂⟜⊛ߥࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⸃ᨆᴺࠍ⏕┙ߒߚ‫ޕ‬⃻࿷߹ߢߦว⸘ᵹ↥∝଀  ଀ߩ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻࠬࠢ࡝࡯࠾ࡦࠣࠍⴕ޿‫& ߢ଀∝ ޔ‬0#ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⇣Ᏹ୥⵬㗔ၞࠍหቯߒߚ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߪ‫ޔ‬ᬌ಴ߐࠇߚ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⇣Ᏹ୥⵬㗔ၞߩ⹦⚦ߥ⸃ᨆࠍⴕ޿‫∝⊒ޔ‬ᯏᐨߩផቯࠍ฽߼ߚᵹ↥⊒∝ߣߩ㑐ㅪࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄙ㗔ၞߩ෩ኒߥቯ㊂⸃ᨆߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷߹ߢᧄ⎇ⓥߩઁߦႎ๔߇ήߊ‫∛ޔ‬ᘒߣ⋥⚿ߒߚ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⇣Ᏹࠍหቯߒ‫⸻ޔ‬ᢿ߳ߩᔕ↪߳ߣ⚿߮ߟߌࠆߦߣߤ߹ࠄߕ‫&ޔ‬0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⇣Ᏹߩᚑ┙ᯏᐨ㧔ᚑ┙ᤨᦼ߿૞↪࿃ሶ㧕ࠍหቯߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠃࠅ⹦⚦ߥᖱႎ߇ᓧࠄࠇ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩ੍㒐ᴺ߿቟ోᕈ⏕଻ߩᜰ㊎ߦ᦭↪ߥ⍮⷗ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔ੐߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧭㧚⎇ⓥ⋡⊛ࡅ࠻ࠥࡁࡓࠪ࡯ࠢࠛࡦࠬࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩቢੌߦࠃࠅ‫ߩߡో߷߶ޔ‬ㆮવሶ㈩೉߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥ
ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㆮવቇ⊛ߥ⇣Ᏹࠍหቯߔࠆᛛⴚ㧔ࠫࠚࡀ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥ⇣Ᏹߩ⸃ᨆᛛⴚ㧕߇㘧べ⊛ߦㅴᱠߒߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ㆮવሶ㈩೉ߩ⇣Ᏹ㧔ࠫࠚࡀ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥ⇣Ᏹ㧕ߛߌߢߪ⺑᣿ߢ߈ߥ޿∔ᖚߩሽ࿷߽᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬&0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻࠍߪߓ߼ߣߔࠆࠛࡇࠫࠚࡀ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥㆮવሶ⊒⃻೙ᓮᯏ᭴ߪ‫⸥ޔ‬ᔨ․ߦ∔ᖚ߿⊒↢⇣Ᏹߣߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߡ߈ߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩ⸃ᨆᚻᴺ㧔ࠫࠚࡀ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥ⸃ᨆᚻᴺ㧕ࠍ⿥߃ߚࡐࠬ࠻ࠥࡁࡓࠪ࡯ࠢࠛࡦࠬᤨઍ
ߩ㊀ⷐߥකቇ⎇ⓥ㗔ၞߣߒߡᵈ⋡߇㜞߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬․ߦࠛࡇࠫࠚࡀ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥ↢๮⃻⽎ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆࠥࡁࡓࠗࡦࡊ࡝ࡦ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߩ⎕✋ߪ‫ࡅޔ‬࠻ߩ⊒↢⇣Ᏹߣኒធߥ㑐ࠊࠅࠍᜬߟߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫࠻ࡅߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޕ‬వᄤᕈᄸᒻ∝୥⟲ߢߪ‫ߩࠣࡦࠖ࠹ࡦ࡝ࡊࡦࠗࡓࡁࠥޔ‬⎕✋߇ߘߩේ࿃ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫࡞࠺ࡕޔߚ߹ޕ‬↢‛ߩ⹦⚦ߥ⸃ᨆ߆ࠄ‫ߥࠢ࠶ࠖ࠹ࡀࠚࠫࡇࠛޔ‬⇣Ᏹ߿ࠥࡁࡓࠗࡦࡊ࡝ࡦ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߩ⎕✋ߪ‫ޔ‬⢝⋚ߩ⊒↢ಽൻ⇣Ᏹࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߔߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߚ‫ᦨߦࠄߐޕ‬ㄭ‫↢ޔ‬ᱺ⵬ഥක≮ᓟߩ಴↢ఽߢ‫ޔ‬ࠗࡦࡊ࡝ࡦ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ⇣Ᏹ∝߇㜞㗫ᐲߦ⊒↢ߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᵹ↥ߦ߅ߌࠆࠛࡇࠫࠚࡀ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥ⇣Ᏹߪ♽⛔⊛✂⟜⊛ߦ⸃ᨆߐࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ‫࠻ࡅ߽ߘ߽ߘޔ‬ᱜᏱ⊒↢ࠍෳ⠨ߣߒߚᱜᏱ୯߽ቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆߦ⥋ߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬191৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ᵹ↥∝଀ࠍ⚦⢩ㆮવቇ⊛ߦ⸃ᨆߒߚႎ๔ߪᄙᢙሽ࿷ߔࠆ߇‫ߘࠃ߅ޔ‬ඨᢙߩ∝଀ߢߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߥᨴ⦡૕᭴ㅧ⇣Ᏹࠍ⹺߼ߥ޿‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩ⸃ᨆᛛⴚߢߪᬌ಴ߢ߈ߥ޿ࠛࡇࠫࠚࡀ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥ⇣Ᏹ‫⛐ߦ․ޔ‬Ძߩ⊒↢ಽൻߦᷓߊ㑐ਈߒߡ޿ࠆࠗࡦࡊ࡝ࡦ࠹ࠖࡦࠣㆮવሶ㗔ၞ
ߩ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⁁ᘒߦᵈ⋡ߒ‫ޔ‬㧝㧕ࡅ࠻⛐Ძ⚵❱ߩ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⁁ᘒࠍ✂⟜⊛߆ߟቯ㊂⊛ߦ⸃ᨆߔࠆᚻᴺࠍ⁛⥄ߦ⏕┙ߒ‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ᵹ↥∝଀ߩ
&0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⇣Ᏹߩ᦭ήࠍ⸃ᨆߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ᵹ↥ߩᧂ⍮ߩ∛࿃∛ᘒࠍ⸃᣿ߒ‫⸻ޔ‬ᢿᴦ≮߳ߣ⊒ዷߐߖࠆ੐ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧮㧚⎇ⓥᣇᴺ㧝㧚⸃ᨆᮡ⊛㗔ၞߩ᳿ቯ
⃻࿷߹ߢߦࡅ࠻ߢႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ &/4
㧔&KHHGTGPVKCNN[/GVJ[NCVGF4GIKQP㧦ῳ↱᧪ߣᲣ↱᧪ߩኻ┙ㆮવሶ㑆ߢ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻߩ⁁ᘒ߇⇣ߥࠅ‫ⷫ ޔ‬ᕈ⊒⃻ߔߥࠊߜࠥࡁࡓࠗࡦࡊ࡝ࡦ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ⃻⽎ߦᔅⷐߥ㗔ၞ㧕ోߡࠍ‫ޔ‬ᢥ₂⊛ߦᬌ⚝ߒߚ‫ߪߢ࠻ࡅޔߚ߹ޕ‬ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߇‫& ࠬ࠙ࡑޔ‬/4 ߣߩ㈩೉⋧หᕈ߆ࠄࡅ࠻ߢ߽ &/4ߢ޽ࠆߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ㗔ၞࠍ᳿ቯߒ‫߇ࠄࠇߎޔ‬&/4 ߢ޽ࠆ੐ࠍᱜᏱⴊᶧ㧔࡝ࡦࡄ⃿㧕߅ࠃ߮ᱜᏱ⢝⋚↱᧪ߩࠥࡁࡓ &0# ࠍ↪޿ߡᬌ⸽ߒߚ‫߹ޕ‬ߚ‫ޔ‬⢝⋚․⇣⊛ߥ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻࠍฃߌࠆ㗔ၞ‫ޔ‬:ᨴ⦡૕਄ߩ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ㗔ၞ߽૬ߖ‫ޔ‬ว⸘ ࡩᚲࠍ⸃ᨆኻ⽎㗔ၞߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬
㧞㧚%1$4# ᧦ઙᬌ⸛
਄⸥ߩ㗔ၞࠍ%1$4#㧔%QODKPGF$KUWNHKVG
4GUVTKEVKQP#PCN[UKU㧕ᴺߦࠃࠅ⸃ᨆߔࠆߚ
߼ߩ᧦ઙᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙ߦ⸃ᨆࠍⴕ߁㈩೉㗔ၞߪ‫ޔ‬2%4 ᴺߦࠃࠆჇ᏷ߩ㓙ߦ஍ࠅ߇ήߊ
ല₸⊛ߥ෻ᔕ߇⿠ߎࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬Ⴧ᏷↥‛㐳ߪ⚂ DR એਅߦߥࠆࠃ߁⸳ቯߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬Ⴧ᏷↥‛ࠍ․ቯߩ೙㒢㉂⚛ߢಾᢿߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬㗔ၞౝߦㆡಾߥ೙㒢㉂⚛⹺⼂㈩೉ࠍ
᦭ߔࠆ㈩೉߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ੐߽ᔅ㗇ߢ޽ࠆ‫⸃ޕ‬ᨆߔࠆࠥࡁࡓ &0# ߪ‫ޔ‬DKUWNHKVG ᄌ឵ߦࠃࠅ㕖ࡔ࠴࡞ൻࠪ࠻ࠪࡦ߇࠙࡜ࠪ࡞ߦᄌ឵ߐࠇࠆߚ߼‫  ᧪ᧄޔ‬⒳㘃ߩ &0# ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆࠥࡁࡓ㈩೉߇‫  ߷߶ޔ‬⒳㘃ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ㈩೉ߦᄌ឵ߐ
ࠇࠆ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬2%4 ߩὑߩࡊ࡜ࠗࡑ࡯⸳⸘ߩ⥄↱ᐲ߇ᩰᲑߦ⁜߼ࠄࠇࠆߣ౒ߦ‫ߥ⊛⇣․ޔ‬Ⴧ᏷ࠍⴕ߁ὑߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᔀᐩߒߚ੐೨ߩ᧦ઙ⸳ቯ

192߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢ‫⸃ޔ‬ᨆࠍࡂࠗࠬ࡞࡯ࡊ࠶࠻ൻߔࠆὑߦ‫ޔ‬2%4 ߩ෻ᔕ᧦ઙߪน⢻ߥ㒢ࠅ⛔৻ߒߚ‫᧦ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ઙࠍḩߚߒߟߟ‫ޔ‬㕖․⇣⊛Ⴧ᏷ࠍ⿠ߎߐߥ޿ 2%4 ᧦ઙࠍ⏕┙ߒ‫ޔ‬᳿ቯߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚㔚᳇ᵒേ
৻⥸⊛ߦ %1$4# ᴺߢߪ‫ࡐ߿࡞ࠥࠬ࡯ࡠࠟࠕޔ‬࡝ࠕࠢ࡝࡞ࠕࡒ࠼ࠥ࡞ࠍ↪޿ߚ㔚᳇ᵒേࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬ᓧࠄࠇࠆᵒേ௝߆ࠄඨቯ㊂⊛ߥ⸃ᨆࠍⴕ
߁߇‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬੐೨ᬌ⸛ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩ⸃ᨆᴺߪ
࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠶ࠢ࡟ࡦࠫ߇ૐߊ‫ޔ‬ቯ㊂ᕈ߇ഠࠆ੐
߇್᣿ߒߚ‫ߢߎߘޕ‬ᚒ‫ޔߪޘ‬᷹ቯ୯ߩቯ㊂ᕈࠍ෩ኒߦᜂ଻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫࡯࡝࡜ࡇࡖࠠޔ‬㔚᳇ᵒേᴺࠍណ↪ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧠㧚୶ℂ㕙߳ߩ㈩ᘦ
୶ℂ㕙ߦ߅޿ߡߪࡅ࠻ࠥࡁࡓ࡮ㆮવሶ⎇ⓥߦ
㑐ߔࠆ୶ℂᜰ㊎‫∉ޔ‬ቇ⎇ⓥߦ㑐ߔࠆ୶ℂᜰ㊎‫ޔ‬⥃ᐥ⎇ⓥߦ㑐ߔࠆᜰ㊎ࠍㆩ቞ߔࠆ‫⎇ᧄߚ߹ޕ‬ⓥౝኈߪ‫ޔ‬ႎ๔⠪ߩᚲዻߔࠆᯏ㑐ߩ୶ℂᆔຬળߩᛚ⹺ࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿖┙ᚑ⢒ක≮࠮ࡦ࠲࡯୶ℂᆔຬળᛚ⹺⇟ภ 㧕‫ޕ‬㧯㧚⎇ⓥ⚿ᨐೋᐕᐲߪਥߦ⸃ᨆ᧦ઙߩᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬ೋᐕᐲ߆ࠄᧄᐕᐲߦ߆ߌ‫ޔ‬ᱜᏱᬌ૕㧔ᱜᏱᚑੱᧃ᪳ⴊ‫ޔ‬ᱜᏱ⛐Ძ⚵❱㧕ࠍ↪޿ߚ✂⟜⊛ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⸃ᨆࠍⴕߞߚ‫ᧃޔࠄ߆࠲࡯࠺ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬᪳ⴊ࡝ࡦࡄ⃿ߣᱜᏱ⛐Ძ⚵❱ߦ߅ߌࠆ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⁁ᘒᱜᏱ୯ࠍቯ⟵ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᧄᴺࠍ↪޿‫ߦߢߔޔ‬෼㓸ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ⠌ᘠᵹ↥ ∝଀ߩ⸃ᨆࠍⴕߞߚ‫⎇ᧄޔߚ߹ޕ‬ⓥ⃰ಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ߢ޽ࠆฬฎደᏒ┙ᄢቇ↥ᇚੱ⑼᧖ᶆ⌀ᑿᢎ᝼ߩߏදജߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᵹ↥  ᬌ૕ࠍ⸃ᨆਛߢ޽ࠆ‫⚿ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᨐߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩ⠨ኤߣ⚿⺰ߩਛߢ⹦⚦ࠍㅀߴࠆ‫ޕ‬㧰㧚⠨ኤ
&0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻࠍೋ߼ߣߔࠆࠛࡇࠫࠚࡀ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥࠥࡁࡓᯏ⢻ߩ೙ᓮߪ‫↢ߣ↢⊒ޔ‬ሽߦᔅ㗇ߩᯏ᭴ߢ޽ࠆߣ౒ߦ‫ޔ‬᭽‫∔ߥޘ‬ᖚߣߩ㑐ㅪ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ᚒ‫ߦ․ޔߪޘ‬⢝⋚㧔⛐Ძ㧕ߩ⊒↢ಽൻߦ㑐ਈߔࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ &0#ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ㗔ၞ㧔ࠗࡦࡊ࡝ࡦ࠹ࠖࡦࠣㆮવሶߩ⊒⃻೙ᓮߦ㑐ࠊࠆ․ᱶߥ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ㗔ၞ㧕ࠍ‫ޔ‬ᣢ⍮ߩ߽ߩోߡߣ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫߇ޘ‬ᣂߚߦ⷗಴ߒߚ㗔ၞ㧔⺰ᢥᧂ⊒⴫㧕ߦߟ޿ߡ✂⟜⊛ߦ⸃ᨆߒߚ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬$
⎇ⓥᣇᴺ‫ߩޠ‬㗄ߢ߽⸅ࠇߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ห᭽ߩ✂⟜⊛⸃ᨆࠍⴕߞߚႎ๔ߪ೨଀߇ήߊ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫⥄⁛߇ޘ‬ߦ⸃ᨆ࡮ቯ⟵ߒߚ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⁁ᘒߩ‫ޟ‬ᱜᏱ୯‫ޠ‬ࠍ↪޿‫ޔ‬⠌ᘠᵹ↥∝଀ߩ⸃ᨆࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᤓᐕᐲ߽ႎ๔ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᚻᴺߪ‫ޔ‬వᄤᄸᒻ∝୥⟲㧔ߎࠇࠄߩ∝଀ߢߪ‫&ޔ‬0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⇣Ᏹࠍ઻ߞߡ޿ࠆ੐߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧕ࠍ⸃ᨆߒߚ଀ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩቯᕈ⊛ߥ⸃ᨆᴺߣ⍦⋫ߩή޿‫ޔ‬ᱜ⏕ߥ⸻ᢿ߇น⢻ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᄢᄌ⥝๧ᷓ޿੐ߦ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ᚒ‫⸃ߚߞⴕ߇ޘ‬ᨆ⚿ᨐࠍరߦ‫ߩߘߡ߼ࠊ߈ޔ‬ᱜ⏕ᕈࠍᬌ⸽ᷣߺߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎߚ߹ޕ‬ᬌ⸽ㆊ⒟ߢ‫ޔ‬⒘ߥ⊒↢⇣Ᏹߢ޽ࠆᲣࠥࡁࡓ࠳ࠗ࠰ࡒ࡯ࡕࠩࠗࠢ∝଀ߣ‫ޔ‬ῳࠥࡁࡓઍ␲ࡒ࡯ࡕࠩࠗࠢ∝଀ࠍหቯߔࠆ੐ߦᚑഞߒߚ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬ಽሶ⸻ᢿ♽ߪ‫ޔ‬㧝㧕ಽሶ⸻ᢿߦታ↪น⢻ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ߒ߆߽‫ޔ‬㧞㧕੹߹ߢ⷗ㅏߐࠇߡ޿ߚᧂ⍮ߩ∛ᘒࠍหቯߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᦨೋߦⴕߞߚ⠌ᘠᵹ↥  ∝଀ߩ⸃ᨆߪ‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕႎ๔ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ว⸘  ଀ߩࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⇣Ᏹ୥⵬∝଀ࠍหቯߒߚ߇‫ޔߪ଀  ߜ߁ߩߘޔ‬ㆮવቇ⊛ߦ⁛┙ߒߚ∝଀ߢ޽ࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬หߓࠥࡁࡓ㗔ၞߢห᭽ߩ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⇣Ᏹࠍ๒ߒ‫ޔ‬ࠥࡁࡓో૕ߩ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ߇ᭂ߼ߡ㘃ૃߒߡ޿ߚ‫ᧄޕ‬ᐕᐲᣂߚߦಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪᧖ᶆ߆ࠄᓧߚ  ∝଀ߩ⸃ᨆߢߪ‫࡞࠴ࡔߩ଀ ޔ‬ൻ⇣Ᏹ߇⷗಴ߐࠇߚ‫ޔߪ଀৻ߩߘޕ‬ᤓᐕᐲႎ๔ߒߚ∝଀ߣห᭽ߦ‫ * ޔ‬ㆮવሶߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ㗔ၞߩ
&0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⇣Ᏹ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ *ޕ‬㗔ၞߪ‫ޔ‬ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⇣Ᏹߩ⿠ߎࠅ߿ߔ޿㗔ၞ‫ࡎࠆࠁࠊ޿ޔ‬࠶࠻ࠬࡐ࠶࠻ߢ޽ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇␜ໂߐࠇࠆ‫߹ޕ‬ߚ‫ *ޔ‬㗔ၞߩ⇣Ᏹߪ‫ޔ‬⢝⋚⊒↢⇣Ᏹߦ㑐ਈߔࠆߎߣ߇േ‛ታ㛎╬߆ࠄ߽␜ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᵹ↥ߣ޿߁∝⁁ߣߩ⋥ធߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ߇⇼ࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ઁߩ৻଀ߪ‫ࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬ᨴ⦡૕਄ߦሽ࿷ߔࠆⶄᢙߩ㗔ၞߢࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⇣Ᏹ߇ᬌ಴ߐࠇߚ‫ߎޔߚ߹ޕ‬ࠇࠄߩ㗔ၞߩࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⁁ᘒ⏕┙࡮⛽ᜬߩ࠲ࠗࡒࡦࠣߪ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬஧⊒⊛ᢔ⊒⊛ߥࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⇣Ᏹ߇‫♖ޔ‬ሶߣෆሶߢ೎୘ߦ⿠ߎߞߡ޿ߚߣߪ⠨߃߇ߚ޿‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬ฃ♖ᓟߦ‫♽ޔ‬⛔⊛ߥ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⁁ᘒߩ⛽ᜬߦ૗ࠄ߆ߩ⎕✋ࠍ߈ߚߒߡ޿ߚน⢻ᕈ߇␜ໂߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫⸃ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ᨆ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㧝㧕৻ㇱߩᵹ↥⛐Ძᬌ૕ߦߪ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⇣Ᏹ߇⏕߆ߦሽ࿷ߒ‫ޔ‬㧞㧕౒ㅢߩࠛࡇࠫࠚࡀ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥ∛࿃߽ߒߊߪ∛ᘒࠍ᦭ߔࠆ∝଀߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇␜ໂߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧕߹ߚ‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙ㗔ၞࠍ✂⟜⊛ߦ⸃ᨆߔࠆߎߣߢ‫⿠↢⊒ߩߘޔ‬Ḯ߿ಽሶ∛ᘒߩផ᷹߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧱㧚⚿⺰ᚒ‫& ߩޘ‬0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⇣Ᏹࠬࠢ࡝࡯࠾ࡦࠣ♽ߪ‫ޔ‬ಽሶ⸻ᢿᴺߣߒߡታ↪ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫✂ޔߚ߹ޕ‬⟜⊛ߥࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⇣Ᏹ⸃ᨆࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪⷗ㅏߐࠇߡ޿ߚಽሶ∛ᘒࠍหቯߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᤓᐕᐲ߆ࠄᧄᐕᐲߩᵹ↥⚐Ძว⸘ ᬌ૕ࠍ↪޿ߚ⸃ᨆߢ‫ޔ‬ว⸘  ∝଀ߩ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⇣Ᏹࠍหቯߒߚ‫ޔߪ଀∝ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߩ⸃ᨆᚻᴺߢߪ޿ߕࠇ߽‫ޟ‬ේ࿃ਇ᣿ߩ⠌ᘠᵹ↥‫ߢޠ‬޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫⸃ߩޘ‬ᨆ߆ࠄ⇣ߥࠆ &0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⁁ᘒߩ⎕✋ࠍ๒ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ฦ‫ߦ଀∝ߩޘ‬࿕᦭ߩಽሶ∛ᘒ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߐࠄߦᄙᢙߩ∝଀ࠍ⸃ᨆߔࠆߣ౒ߦ‫⸃ߥ⚦⹦ߦ․ޔ‬ᨆ߇ᔅⷐߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ∝଀ߪ‫ోࡓࡁࠥޔ‬ၞ⚂ ▎ᚲߩࡊࡠࡕ࡯࠲࡯㗔ၞࡔ࠴࡞ൻ⸃ᨆࠍⴕ޿‫ᧂޔ‬⍮ߩಽሶ∛ᘒߩ⸃᣿ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬㧲㧚ஜᐽෂ㒾ᖱႎ  ⹥ᒰߖߕ‫ޕ‬㧳㧚⎇ⓥ⊒⴫ ⺰ᢥ⊒⴫
Takashima, S., Takehashi, M., Lee, J., Chuma,S., Okano, M., Hata, K., Suetake, I., Nakatsuji,N., Miyoshi, H., Tajima, S., Tanaka, Y.,
Toyokuni, S., Sasaki, H., Kanatsu-Shinohara,
M. and Shinohara, T. (2009) Abnormal DNA
methyltransferase expression in mouse germline stem cells results in spermatogenic defects.
Biol Reprod. 81, 155-164.
Shoji, M., Tanaka, T., Hosokawa, M., Reuter,M., Stark, A., Kato, Y., Kondoh, G., Okawa,K., Chujo, T., Suzuki, T., Hata, K., Martin, S.
L., Noce, T., Kuramochi-Miyagawa, S., Nakano, T., Sasaki, H., Pillai, R. S., Nakatsuji, N.
and Chuma, S. (2009) The TDRD9-MIWI2
complex is essential for piRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing in the mouse malegermline. Dev Cell. 17, 775-787.

193

Kobayashi, H., Yamada, K., Morita, S., Hiura,H., Fukuda, A., Kagami, M., Ogata, T., Hata,K., Sotomaru, Y. and Kono, T. (2009) Identification of the mouse paternally expressed imprinted gene Zdbf2 on chromosome 1 and itsimprinted human homolog ZDBF2 on chromosome 2. Genomics. 93, 461-472.
Henckel, A., Nakabayashi, K., Sanz, L. A.,Feil, R., Hata, K. and Arnaud, P. (2009) Histone methylation is mechanistically linked toDNA methylation at imprinting control regionsin mammals. Hum Mol Genet. 18, 3375-3383.
⒌ஜ৻㇢  ‫&ޟ‬0# ࡔ࠴࡞ൻߩ✂⟜⊛⸃ᨆ‫ޠ‬කቇߩ޽ࠁߺ ቇળ⊒⴫
⒌ஜ৻㇢‫⇣↢⊒࠻ࡅޟ‬Ᏹߩࠛࡇࠫࠚࡀ࠹ࠖࠢࠬ‫ޠ‬⢝↢ᦼࠛࡇࠫࠚࡀ࠹ࠖࠢࠬ⎇ⓥળ‫ޔ‬᧲੩‫  ᦬ ޔ‬ᣣ‫ޔ‬⒌ஜ৻㇢‫ޟ‬⢝ఽ࡮⢝⋚ಽൻ⊒⢒⇣Ᏹߩࠛࡇࠫࠚࡀ࠹ࠖࠢࠬ 㧙✂⟜⊛ࠥࡁࡓ࡮ࠛࡇࠥࡁࡓ⸃ᨆߩ⹜ߺ㧙‫ޠ‬ᣣᧄ๟↥ᦼᣂ↢ఽቇળࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊਇ⢒∝ߩᣂߚߥේ࿃ត⚝ߣᴦ≮‫  ╙ޔ‬࿁ᣣᧄ๟↥ᦼ࡮ᣂ↢ఽකቇળቇⴚ㓸ળ‫ޔ‬ᮮᵿ‫  ᦬ ޔ‬ᣣ‫ޔ‬⒌ஜ৻㇢‫⇣ޟ‬Ᏹᅧᆼߩ GRKIGPGVKEU‫ ╙ޠ‬࿁ᣣᧄູ੃േ‛ෆሶቇળࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊ‫ޔ‬᧲੩‫  ᦬ ޔ‬ᣣ‫ޔ‬
Kenichiro Hata. " Roles of genomic imprinting in reproduction", The 7th Conference of the Pacific Rim Society forFertility and Sterility, Taipei, August 22,2009.
Keichiro Hata. " Epigenetics in abnormalpregnancies", The 7th Conference of thePacific Rim Society for Fertility and Sterility, Taipei, August 22, 2009.
  㧴㧚⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩ಴㗿࡮⊓㍳⁁ᴫ㧔੍ቯࠍ฽߻‫ޕ‬㧕 ․⸵ขᓧߥߒ ታ↪ᣂ᩺⊓㍳ߥߒ ߘߩઁߥߒ

194⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩೀⴕߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻ⷩ⴫㔀⹹
⊒⴫⠪᳁ฬ
Takashima, S.,
Takehashi, M.,
Lee, J.,
Chuma, S.,Okano, M.,
Hata, K.,
Suetake, I.,
Nakatsuji, N.,
Miyoshi, H.,
Tajima, S.,
Tanaka, Y.,
Toyokuni, S.,
Sasaki, H.,
Kanatsu-Shinohara,M.
Shinohara, T.
Shoji, M.,
Tanaka, T.,
Hosokawa, M.,
Reuter, M.,
Stark, A.,
Kato, Y.,
Kondoh, G.,
Okawa, K.,
Chujo, T.,
Suzuki, T.,
Hata, K.,
Martin, S. L.,
Noce, T.,
Kuramochi-Miyagawa, S.,
Nakano, T.,
Sasaki, H.,
Pillai, R. S.,
Nakatsuji, N.
Chuma, S.

⺰ᢥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ฬ⊒⴫⹹ฬᏎภࡍ࡯ࠫ಴ᐕ

Abnormal DNA methyltransferase expression in mouse germline
stem cells results inspermatogenic defects.

Biol Reprod.

81155-164.

2009

The TDRD9-MIWI2
complex is essential for
piRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing inthe mouse male germline.

Dev Cell.

17775-787

2009195

Kobayashi, H.,
Yamada, K.,
Morita, S.,
Hiura, H.,
Fukuda, A.,
Kagami, M.,
Ogata, T.,
Hata, K.,
Sotomaru, Y.
Kono, T.
Henckel, A.,
Nakabayashi, K.,
Sanz, L. A.,
Feil, R.,
Hata, K.
Arnaud, P.
⒌ஜ৻㇢


196

Identification of themouse paternally expressed imprinted geneZdbf2 on chromosome 1
and its imprinted human homolog ZDBF2 on
chromosome 2.

Genomics.

93461-472.

2009

Histone methylation ismechanistically linkedto DNA methylation at Hum Mol Genet. 18 3375-3383. 2009
imprinting control regions in mammals.
‫&ޟ‬0#ࡔ࠴࡞ൻߩ✂⟜⊛⸃ᨆ‫ޠ‬කቇߩ޽ࠁߺ

2009