ňŰ 30 ŉŐ ÜĹǫ|ÆħʢȀǭÝğɰȣȲĘÏɶÎʼĊñƧ

Ķ˄ĕğǢĈĂȬğȣȲT{W}ȃÎƒ ʑ˚Ŋ⽣物地球化学的過程を考慮した数値モデルによる⽔・物質流出機構の解明
丸⾕靖幸1),*，柴⽥英昭2)，仲岡雅裕2)，井上貴央2)，松井孝典3)，芳賀智広3)，前⽥真理美4)，⽩岩孝⾏5)1) 岐⾩⼤学流域圏科学研究センター

2) 北海道⼤学北⽅⽣物圏フィールド科学センター
3) ⼤阪⼤学⼤学院環境・エネルギー⼯学専攻4) ⼤阪⼤学⼯学部

5) 北海道⼤学低温科学研究所* 研究代表者：maruya@green.gifu-u.ac.jp
１．はじめにʤŉ˲ĲŴʓ˗)ĎÍ6ÕǤʰ#*æ˦)ˊƔŦǲ'ĎÍ:&%˲Ǒ¯đÒ' ǂ&đÔ
ˤɪ'ȇ;""9˲ƨʤ#*“Ɯśƨĕ”6”ŪĢē”$
ɾɩ>ˢɚ'Ċʰ;:ǈĎÍ"˳)7 &Ǒ¯đÒ)Ś˞*˲űȌǡ:ǢĈĂ' "˜ń'ĕ&ɳĤ>58"9˲“Ɯśƨĕ”IuR)æ˦)ˊ'7:˲“ŪĢē”)ǠǒȗȌ'7:¡ȋč6ȍƽ-)ɳĤȌ" :˳)7 &Ǒ¯đÒ)Ś˞*ÜĹǫ|ÜĹǬ6ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ' "5Ȍ:åɟŧ 9˲ǢĈǒŠȋPR\o#*&˲ÜĹǫ#Ȍȍ;:GH&%)ǒȍʖǮ)Ʒ˨Ǯ$&:ˊĈ8)ȴɇ6v{¦ɐʻ5đÔ:åɟŧůť;:˳)4˲Ǒ¯đÒ&%'7:ǢĈ)ǒ|ȂʗŠȋǈǁä:Ś˞>Ģʻș'ƈĢ|ʅ§åɟ&ŵǞ)Ȧȵƫ1;:˳˲ǢĈĂ)ǒŠȋǈǁ$ȂʗŠȋǈǁ*;;ĦƇ'˃ʭ" :5))˲Ɯś)ȣȲ)Ĕ#*ǒŠȋ$ȂʗŠȋ'˃:ȣȲ¬Æ'ʮ48;"" :)ȇȄ# :˳
;1#Ĕ)ȣȲɝ'79˲ǂ&ǒŠȋq]wˁȗ;"˰¥ +˲Hydro-BEAM1˱6 WEBDHM2),3)˲MATSIRO4)˱
˳Hydro-BEAM 6 WEB−DHM *˲ÂŁćǢÁq]w# 9˲ǢĈĂ':ǚĽǢǝ)¿ȇ|Ǫ>țș$"ˁȗ;"˳~ƚ˲MATSIRO *ˊ˝ʯȯq]w# 9˲MATSIRO'˂ǡÒqQr}w>ɍ2ʣ1;ǒŠȋq]w HiGW-MAT5)5ˁȗ;˲Ĕ)ȣȲ#Ȏ 8;":˳˲MATSIRO )7 &ˊ˝ʯȯq]w*˲ǒ|ǽâƎ)ɽƳ'*ƪȎ# :˲Ǆ˫'Ƙ˝ǢÁ$ǢÁʯȯ)¿ȇɄŐ'ʍˣ>ƪ:˳1˲ˊĈȂʗŠȋq]w#*˲¥ + SimCYCLE6)6 VISIT7)#*ȌȂąȈȬğșʯȯ>ʞ1 ˲ƹƴȌŭɅ':ȂʗŠȋǈǁ>Ɣ°ș'ƈĢåɟ&q]wĜĄ:˳˲;8)q]w#*˲ĕǑ-ăď˂':ǒ|ȂʗÒŭ*˜ń'ɤ¿ȇ#:5))˲
ǢÁʶÂ'ʍˣ>ƪ" :˳ʥ)$85ǢĈĂ':ȂʗŠȋǈǁ*˲ǒƗʯȯ#*&ȌȂąȈÔğșʯȯ5ð4"Ƅ :ţɹ :˳#˲ǒƗʯȯ6ȌȂąȈÔ
ğșʯȯ>ɑëș'ȉɽ:4)[}w$"˲PR\o)q]wÔƂ8;:˳¥ +˲;1# HYPE q]w 8)6 SWAT q]w 9)$ǢÁq]w>Ȏ ȣȲĔģƛ;"˳¥ +SWAT q]w#*˲ǢĈ)ȂʗŠȋǈǁ'! "ȴɇ)ȥÔ6ɠȴ&%)ȌȂąȈÔğșʯȯɜŮ;" :˳˲ǒƗʯȯ'! "*ǢĈ½)ĮǢĈ>ăąÇȎ|ăď|ąř) 3 !)ąȉș&ɹɇǎ)ǢÁʻ>ëɿ:$#ĮǢĈ)Ǣʻ>ƈĢ:&%ǒƗʯȯɁȓÔ;" :$
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10)
11)
:˳)4˲Ưķ8 6ȏ8 #*˲ǢĈĂ>Īʒ$ȂʗŠȋǈǁ>ȉɽ:'*˲流域圏ス
ケールでの⽔⽂過程を解くことが可能な⽔⽂流出モデルと陸域の物質循環過程を解くことが可能な陸域物質
循環モデルを組み合わせる必要があると述べている˳
#ƮȣȲ#*˲ǂ&ȣȲÂʺ)ºíȣȲɝ)ſ!Ƞɺ˲ŷɰ>ɮë˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ>Ī
ʒ'ǒƗʯȯ$Ȍŭğșʯȯ>Ȃȉș'ɽ$åɟ&Ɣ°q]w>ɑëÔ˲ˊĈ8ǢÁ:Ȃʗ7,ǒ˰Ǣʻ˱>Ģʻș'ƈĢåɟ&ŵǞ>Ȧȵ:$#˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ8ÜĹǫ-Ǣ¸:ǒ|Ȃʗʻ>ʅ§:$>țș$:˳8'Ǒ¯đÒ;8' :Ś˞'! "5ʅ§:˳

２．研究対象地域
ƮȣȲ#*˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ>ȣȲĪʒǢĈ$˰Ā1˱
˳1ƮŉŐ*˲ǢĈ)ĉȧũĊ>ãŝ:4˲Ǳǖ' ÜĹǫ8)Ǣ¸)Ś˞>ä& Ǣʶ' "˲ǒ7,Ǣʻ'˃:ɻǪ-1-Șĸ8'7 "ģƛ;˰Ā1˲St.A >ˉ˙˱
˳1ƮȣȲ#*˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ>Īʒ'ƹƴȌŭɅ'7:ȂʗŠȋ>ɽƟ:4˲ˊĈȂʗŠȋq]w$"ƹƴƣɻq]w LANDIS-II12)>ʳȎ˳ǢĈ':ǒŠȋ'˃"*˲ʑ8 13)#5ÇȎ;" :ÂŁćǢÁq]w>Əɤ˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ-ʳȎ:ǯ²>ʮ4˳&˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ':ǒ7,Ǣʻ)ɻǪƮŉŐ8ģ
ƛ;4˲ǒ|Ǣʻ)˃¨ŧ'! ")ƻʄØÂ# :˳)4˲ƮŉŐ*ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ)ˑ'ɛ:ıņĽǢĈ˰Ā1˱' "˲q]w)ɄŐƻʄ>ģƛ˳#ǁɀ;Ɣ°q]w>ɏë:$#˲ˊĈ8ǜĹĈ'ǢÁ:ǒ|ȂʗǢÁʻ>ƈĢ˲;8)ÁÌ°>ǜĹ
ĈȌŭɅq]w'¸Ì:$#˲Ǒ¯đÒ58˓ʓ˗Ⱥ)ƾȷǑʒȇʒÆħʢȀĽǢĈ7,ÜĹǫ˲ÜĹǬ)ȌŭɅ' :Ś˞)ɑëșʅ§>ƮȣȲ)ƨɌțș$:˳Ā1 ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ7,ıņĽǢĈ˰ǒɥɼř˴ǑʒɻǪŴ˲˙˴ǒ|ǢʻɻǪŴ˱

３．別寒辺牛川流域における気候変動影響評価(1) 気象要素の長期トレンドƜ'Êʥ" :ʪ9˲ʤŉǑ¯đÒ'7:Ś˞ȑ#Ȍ" :˳ȃ'Ǒ¯đÒ'7:Ś˞*ǩƥÔ6ˆǒeW}{)đÔ&%'ˤɪ'ȇ;:˳)4˲Ǒ¯đÒ)Ś˞Ŝ%)ȯŐŚ˞>à0ȉɽ:#˲ȇǍˌ#Ǒ¯đÒ)Ś˞ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ)Ǒ¯'Ȍ" :)ŸƋ:$*˲ĉȧș&ũĊ$"ʹɹ# :˳#ƮȣȲ#*˲ˆǒʻ7,Ǒǩ)ˀƬ^x{_'!
"˲Ǒ¯đÒ)³ï>ɲƀǄ Climate Change Indices˰CCI˱14),15))~ʶ>ÇȎ:$$˳ˆǒ
ʻ'! "* PRCPTOT 7, SDII˰Ŕ(1)˲(2)˱
˲Ǒǩ'˃"* DTR '79ƻʄ˰Ŕ(3)˱
˳
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145 0012(2)∑>:45789:2 ;8<:2 =

(3)

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#˲PRCPTOT *ŉɕˆǒʻ˲I *êŉ)ƝƔ˲i˲w *˗ĖƝ˲RRij˲RRwj * 1.0 mm day-1 )Ɲˆǒʻ˲SDII * Simple Daily precipitation Intensity Index˲W *Ɲˆǒʻ 1.0 mm day-1 )üƔ˲
DTR *ǑǩƝʠĿ˲Txij *Ɲƨ˫Ǒǩ˲Tnij *Ɲƨ Ǒǩ# :˳

-2-

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˳~ƚ˲ˆǒʻ': CCI # : PRCPTOT 7, SDII *º' Mann-Kendall ƻĢ'79˲µ'đÔȇ;" :$Ȩ;˰Ā2a˲b˱˳)4˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ#*˲ȡơ˂ˆǒʻ7,ɕˆǒʻ) ɝ#Ǒ¯đÒ)Ś˞Ɯ'ȇ;" :$Â ˳Ā2 AMeDAS ɻǪŴ˰ėȏ˱': PRCPTOT˲SDII 7, DTR˳a˴PRCPTOT˲b˴SDII˲c˴DTR˳
(2) 気候変動による降水量および気温の将来予測
ƮȣȲ#*˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ':ˆǒʻ7,ǑǩĬưǑ¯' "ȇĄǑ¯$Ǐʠ"đÔ:'!

"ĉȧș&ƻʄ>ɯ4˲ąȈǩƥÔ'ʖ:A{N{iwǑ¯Ǫ]}Wk}R

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Ɣ 10 %ȯŐˆǒʻĎÍ:åɟŧ :4˲ǢĈ½)ǒ|ȂʗÒŭđÔ:åɟŧ*˫˲)ɏƵ$"ǜĹĈ˰ÜĹǫ|ÜĹǬ˱)ȌŭɅ'Ś˞>à0ȦȆ˫ $ɜ 8;:˳)4˲ƮȣȲ)ƨɌțș# :˲ˊĈȂʗŠȋq]w$ǢÁq]w>ɏë:$#˲ˊĈ8)ǒ|ȂʗǢÁʻ)đÔ˲ÜĹǫ|ÜĹǬ)ȌŭɅ'%)7 &đÔ> :'! "ʅ§˲ǢĈȋč)©¹'! "ƻʀ:$*˜ń'ʹɹ# :$ɜ 8;:˳Ā3 d4PDF >Ȏ  AMeDAS ɻǪŴ˰ėȏ˱':ȇĄǑ¯$ĬưǑ¯)Ǐʠ˳a˴Ʃˆǒʻ˲b˴ƩňĆǑǩ˰ˬģɖ˴ɻǪ˲˙Ȥɖ˴ȇĄǑ¯˰ňĆ˱˲ǒɥȿÿ˴ȇĄǑ¯)ǪŅ˲ʘȤɖ˴ĬưǑ¯˰ňĆ˱˲ɉȿÿ˴ĬưǑ¯)ǪŅ˱˲c˴ŉƨĕƝˆǒʻ)ɊȱĦŐ˃Ɣ˰ˬģɖ˴ɻǪ°'Ī: Gumbel ÂŁ'7: cdf˲ˬ˴ɻǪ°'7: cdf˲˙˴ȇĄǑ¯)¹A{N{iw'7: cdf˲˙Ȥɖ˴ȇĄǑ¯)êA{N{iw'7: cdf˲ʘȤɖ˴ĬưǑ¯)êA{N{iw'7: cdf˱３．数値モデルの概要(1) 陸域物質循環モデルの概要ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ#*˲ǢĈ˝ȱ)½˲ƹƴ)˝ȱËëĕ ˳)4˲ǢĈ8)ȂʗǢÁʻ>ȉɽ:'*˲ƺȌÒŭ>ʞ1 ƻʀʹɹ$&:˳#ƮȣȲ#*˲Ǒ¯đÒ|ȩđÔ'$5& ƺȌÒŭ)đÔ>ʅ§:$$˳ȃ'˲ɞ¤ƑƸą&%*òʢ)ƣɻ)ʸɛ'7 "ƺȌ-4-đÔ:4˲ȰěžƓ6Òș&ƺȌđÔ>q]wÔ#:ţɹ :˳)7 &ƣɻđÔ'7:ƺȌ)đÔ>ʅ§:'*˲ƹƴƣɻq]w (Forest Landscape Model, FLM) ƪȎ# :˳
Shifley et al. 22) #*˲FLM * 1) ȳ˂ƟȨș&hx}oz}I>ſ!˲2) ȝ¤Ȏ>ſ!ƹƴƣɻjyTR>ɲȇåɟ# :˲3) ƹƴƴÂÒŭ>Pnrx}Pt{:˲) 3 !)ɹɇȃšș# :$ʥ.8;" :˳8'˲)ȳ˂ƟȨć)ƹƴÒŭq]w$Ǐʠ:$˲ȰěƓŁ˲ǶǷ)žƓ6˦®˲ȖɭĤ&%)ɢǻƌ˲8'ƹƴȾȉ6ǶǷŹÈ˲Ǒ¯đÒ$Ǻș&Ś˞>ɲȇ:

$#:ǹ'µŧ>ſ " :˳FLM )#5 LANDIS-II12)*˲dCFmR6ǸɇŠȋ>ɲȇ:$åɟ# : 23)˳LANDIS-II#*ǆȰ|ǆ˯Æ)Ll}^ǎ)dCFmR>ɿȽ:$#˲Ȱ)ƍCk{^>íơ'˲ȕ&:ơ˂˂ˎ#ɿȽ#:/˲s}O}ū)žŗ extension >ʴż:$#ɲȇ#:ƍC
ȃš>ſ " :˳1 LANDIS-II #*˲ƺȂ)Ű

k{^)ɍ2ë=5ɢĄ'žŗ#:$ˀ6Ȱ˂|Ȱ½ȸjyTR6ƍCk{^>ʦÍqQr}w#ģɴ˲ÈŞ:$åɟ# :˳
8'ʤŉ#*˲ąʶdCFmR)ɿȽ>ƴÂxkw)ȌŭɅq]w) PnET-II >FhuC{GZjv{J:$#ɄɘÔ PnET qQr}w˲ƶǋƪǈȂ6ăďǸɇÒŭ5ɿȽåɟ& Forest CarbonqQr}w˲ăďƪǈȂq]w# : CENTURY Soil Organic Matter model v4.0 >ɍ2ʣ2˲ǸɇÒŭ
)2#*&ȴɇÒŭ5ɜŮ NECN qQr}w&%˲ƴÂRK}w)ȌȂąȈğșjyTR)Ʉ
ɘÔʮ48;" :˳ƮȣȲ#*˲Ǒ¯đÒ$ȌŭɅȾȉ)đÔ'7:ˊĈȌŭɅ)ȂʗŠȋ)q]wÔ6ŜǢĈRK}w)ȂʗŠȋʅ§'žŗ:$5Íó˲Ǹɇ|ȴɇÒŭ>Pnrx}Pt{åɟ#˲ȌŭɅ¹£)ǸɇÒŭ>ɿȽåɟ& NECN qQr}w 24)>ʳȎ˳(2) 流出モデルの概要
Êȶ#5ʥ.ʪ9˲ƹƴȌŭɅ'7:ȂʗŠȋ)ʅ§'Ȏ 8;:ˊĈȂʗŠȋq]w#*˲ʿȜ
1 ǉ¶>Īʒ$"ɿȽɯ=;:4˲Ǆ˫' Ƙ˝ǢÁ$ǢÁʯȯ)¿ȇɄŐ'ʍˣ>ƪ

" :˳)4˲ǢĈĂ':ǒ|ȂʗǢÁǈǁ>¿ȇ˲Ǫ:'*˲Ǡǒ)7 &g}IǢ
ʻ>ʳÃ'ʅ§åɟ&ǒŠȋq]wţɹ$&:˳#ƮȣȲ#*˲Ɯś)ʎƗ#ǠǒǢÁ)¿ȇŧȨ;" : 1K-DHM25),26)>k}R$ÂŁćǢÁq]w>ǁɀ:$$˳1K-DHM *ÂŁćǢÁq]w˰Distributed Hydrological Model˱# 9˲ǢĈ>ū)NCS)JvZ_#ÂË:$#˲ū)ąǹ':ǒ|ȂʗǢÁʻ>ʅ§åɟ&ǢÁq]w# :˳1 1K-DHM #*˲Ǆ˫˰Digital
Elevation Model˴DEM˱7,Ǣƚï]}W˰Flow Direction˴FD˱>Ȏ :$#ǢĈ>Ƙ˝JvZ_7,ǚʰJvZ_'Â˲Ƙ˝JvZ_#*˧ô|˧ô˂Ǣ|ąɲ˝Ǣ>ɜŮ Kinematicwave q]w˰Ŕ(4)−(5)˱
˲ǚʰJvZ_#*ąɲ˝ć) Kinematic-wave q]w'79ǢÁɿȽɯ=;˳: 27)˰Ŕ(6)−(7)˱
?@
@

?A

Q

𝑣𝑣K 𝑑𝑑K MN P ,O?C+ ?9 = 𝑟𝑟 − 𝐸𝐸G

𝑞𝑞 = I𝑣𝑣K 𝑑𝑑K + 𝑣𝑣Y (ℎ − 𝑑𝑑K ),𝑣𝑣K 𝑑𝑑K + 𝑣𝑣Y (ℎ − 𝑑𝑑K ) + 𝛼𝛼(ℎ − 𝑑𝑑Y )K ,
?[
?A

?\

+ ?9 = 𝑞𝑞

𝑄𝑄 = 𝛼𝛼𝐴𝐴K(4)(0 ≤ ℎ ≤ 𝑑𝑑K )(𝑑𝑑K ≤ ℎ ≤ 𝑑𝑑Y )(𝑑𝑑Y ≤ ℎ)

(5)

(6)
(7)

#˲h *ǒǥ˲q *ÚŅǢʻ˲r *ˆǒʻ˲Ep *ɫȗƓ˲vm *m^vZIRʶ)ňĆǢʫ˲dm*m^vZIRʶ)ăĴÜ˲va *ăĴ½)ňĆǢʫ˲a*√𝑖𝑖/𝑛𝑛˲i *Ƙ˝Óʸ˲n *ɃŐ¨Ɣ˲da *ăĴ-5-Ü˲m * kinematic eup}W˲A *ʪǒƙ˝ȱ˲Q *Ǣʻ# :˳ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ)7 &ǭÝĈ>ð3ǢĈ#*˲ǭÝĈ':ǒ)ʕȒÑƵ6ąǒǢÒ&%
ǢĈ½)ǢÁǈǁ'ĕŚ˞:$ɜ 8;:˳ƮȣȲ#k}R$"Ȏ : 1K-DHM *ʥ)ʪ
9˲Ǡǒ)7 &g}IǢʻ)¿ȇ'ȟț"¤Ű;" :ǢÁq]w# :4˲ĉŏǢÁ6ąǒǢÁ$ʶÂ)¿ȇ'ʍˣ>ƪ" :˳)4ƮȣȲ#Īʒ$:7 &ˀƬɿȽ>ɯ ː'*˲ ǒʶÂ)ɿȽɏƵģː)ǢÁʻ795ʯĮʅ§;:åɟŧ :˳#ƮȣȲ#*˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ':ǒ|ȂʗǢÁǈǁ>79ɄŐɤ¿ȇ#:7 '˲Hydro-BEAM1)&%#ʳȎ
;:7 &ɖřʕȒq]w> 1K-DHM -ʦÍ:$#˲ǢÁq]w>Əɤ˰ DHM˲Ā4˱˳Əɤ' ˲Ƙ˝JvZ_':ąɲ˝7,ȹ 1 Ĵ*˧ô|˧ô˂Ǣ|ąɲ˝Ǣ>ɜŮ Kinematic-wave q]w˰Ŕ(4)-(5)˱
˲ȹ 2 Ĵ ȹ 4 Ĵ*ɖřʕȒq]w>ʳȎ˰Ŕ(8)-(14)˱
˳&
˲ȹ 1 Ĵ ȹ 3 Ĵ':ǒňǢÁʻ*ǚĽ'Ǣ¸˲ȹ 4 Ĵ*ǚĽǢʻ'*ȜƇŚ˞>à0&ąǒĴ$˳

Ā4 ƮȣȲ#ÇȎǢÁq]w)ǀȓĀ

Nc
NA= 𝐼𝐼 − 𝑂𝑂 − 𝐸𝐸G𝑂𝑂 = 𝑘𝑘 ∙ 𝑆𝑆

-6-

(8)
(9)

𝐼𝐼 = 𝑃𝑃)< + 𝑄𝑄)<𝑂𝑂 = 𝑃𝑃fgA + 𝑄𝑄fgA

(10)
(11)

𝑘𝑘 = 𝑘𝑘, + 𝑘𝑘h(12)ij ∙kflm

(13)

i

(14)

𝑘𝑘, =

n∙o

𝑘𝑘h = op

#˲S *ʕȒʻ˲I *±ƚǢ¸ʻ˲O *ǢÁʻ˲k *ʨǒ¨Ɣ˲Pin *Ĵ8)Ǣ¸ʻ˲Qin *ǢpZPr8)Ǣ¸ʻ˲Pout * Ĵ-)ǢÁʻ˲Qout *ǢpZPr-)ǢÁʻ˲kH *ǒňʨǒ¨Ɣ˲kV *ʿȜʨǒ¨Ɣ˲B *pZPrŅ˲e*ƪÑ˂ˏȆ# :˳
1˲êĴ˰ȹ 1 Ĵ˵ȹ 4 Ĵ˱#*˲ʕȒǒʻĴÜ'ʱ˧ôȄŭ'&:$˲ǰǒʻ*Ĵ'ş
ŃǢ$"Ǣ¸˲ɫȗƓʻ*˲ȹ 1 Ĵ8Ŀŕ˲ȹ 1 Ĵ)ǒʻUy)$*ȹ 2 Ĵ8˲8'ȹ 2 Ĵ)ǒʻUy)$*ȹ 3 Ĵ8Ŀŕ$$"˲q]wÔ>ɯ ˳&ƮȣȲ#*˲ɫȗƓ)ƈĢ'*Ʃˆǒʻ)2#ƈĢåɟ& Thornthwaite Ǟ 28˱>ƅȎ:$$˰Ŕ(15)-(17)˱
˳
aE

æ 10 × Tm j ö æ D0 ö æ 1 ö
÷ ×ç ÷×ç ÷
E p = 16 × çç÷
è J ø è 12 ø è 30 ø

aE = 6.750 ×10 -7 × J 3 - 7.710 ×10 -3 × J 2 + 1.792 ×10 -2 × J + 0.4929
1.514

æ Tm ö
J = å çç j ÷÷
j =1 è 5 ø
12

(15)
(16)
(17)

ここで，𝑇𝑇K2 は⽉平均気温，D0 は⽉平均⽇照時間である．なお，𝑇𝑇K2 < 0.0の場合，Ep は 0.0 である．
４．結果
(1) 陸域物質循環モデル
ƮȣȲ#*˲Ǒ¯đÒ|ȩđÔ'$5& ƺȌÒŭ)đÔ'˃:ƻʀ>ģƛ˳Ǒ¯đÒ'˃
:ƻʀ'˃"*˲CMIP5˰Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5˱#Ɖ¦;:¹ȈǑ¯q]
w GCM˰General Circulation Model˱)½˲MRI-CGCM3 )ˆǒʻ$Ǒǩ>ÇȎ˳1˲ȩP`v
F'*˲ȇĄ˰2016 ŉ˱$ PANCES˰Predicting and Assessing Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services˱jy
QEI^#ˁȗ;" : 2050 ŉ':¹āRK}w)ƆɈćȩP`vF>Ȏ  29)˳»£ș'*˲Ĭư)ȩP`vF$"˲1)ȇĄ)ƹƴȾȉ6ʡąƑƸ)ʮĳ)^x{_ɓɔ: BaU˰Businessas Usual˱˰BaU˱˲BaU >k}R'˲2)ɢǻʖƮ|L{eI^ćȩ˰NtrCmp˱˲3)ɢǻʖƮ|ÂƓćȩ˰NtrDsp˱˲4)ľʖƮ|L{eI^ćȩ˰PrdCmp˱˲5)ľʖƮ|ÂƓćȩ˰PrdDsp˱˲$"ƹƴ
30)Ⱦȉ6ʡąƑƸ)eW}{>đÔ˲ɿ 5 !)P`vF>Īʒ'ɿȽ>ģɯ ˳&˲ƮɿȽ#*˲ȳ˂ɽ´Ő> 100 m x 100 m #ɿȽ>ģƛ˳Ā5 'ȇĄ˰2016 ŉ˱$ʥ 5 !)ȩP`vF':Ĭư˰2050 ŉ˱)ƺȌÂŁ>Ȩ˳ʆɋ&ɜĨ* Haga et al. 30)'ʐ:˲ȇĄ˰Ā5a˱$Ǐʠ"˲Ĭư˰Ā5b 8 f˱)¹")ȩP`
vF' "˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ)ƺȌPuGd8nS`u6cwax'ɛƊ=:åɟŧȨ;" :˳1˲ľʖƮ|L{eI^ćȩ˰Ā5e˱˲f˴ľʖƮ|ÂƓćȩ˰Ā5f˱#*˲ȇĄ˰Ā5a˱$Ǐʠ"˲ǢĈÕɸʶ)ƺȌȁɧ8c{bH'ɛƊ=:åɟŧ>Ȩ÷" :˳;*˲ʾʝǭÝ#Ȍ" :ȇʒ$˥" :˳ʾʝǭÝ#*˲ǚʰ)ȜɖÔ' ăȢ6Ʒ˨Č)Ǣ¸ʻ)ĎÍ˲ǚŎ˫)đÔ&%ɷƔ)ɹýȨ÷;" :˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ':Ʈȇʒ*Ǒ¯đÒ' Ǒǩƞ:$'79˲ăď)ǾÔʮ?$#˲ƺȌc{bH'ɛƊ=:åɟŧ>Ȩ" :$ƈǪ;:˳

-7-)7 '˲Ǒ¯đÒ6ȩP`vF)đÔ' ǢĈ½)ƺȌÒŭđÔ˲ˊĈ':ȂʗŠȋ5đÔ:$#˲ǢĈ8ǜĹĈ-)ǒ|ȂʗǢÁʻ-Ś˞>à0åɟŧ :˳)ɏƵ$"˲ȃ'ÜĹ#*GH&%)˨ǌ'Ś˞>à0"1 $ůť;:˳ƮŉŐ*Ǒ¯đÒ6ȩP`vF)đÔ' Ĉ½)ƺȌÒŭ'˃:ƻʀ1#ʮ44˲Ŝ*ɻǪ'7 "ŝ8;" :ǢĈ½)ȴɇǳŐ$Ǐʠƻʄ>ɯ $#˲LANDIS-II '7 "ɿȽ;:ăď½#)ȂʗŠȋ˰ȴɇ&%˱)ɄŐ>ï" ˲ǢÁq]w$ɍ2ë=:$#˲ǜĹĈȌŭɅ' :ǒ|ȂʗǢÁʻ)Ś˞ʅ§>ɯ " Ģ# :˳

Ā−5 LANDIS-II #ɿȽ;ȇĄ˰2016 ŉ˱$ 5 !)ȩP`vF':Ĭư˰2050 ŉ˱)ƺȌÂŁ˰a˴ȇĄ˲b˴ȇĄ)^x{_ɓɔ:P`vF˰BaU˱
˲c˴ɢǻʖƮ|L{eI^ćȩ˰NtrCmp˱d˴ɢǻʖƮ|ÂƓćȩ˰NtrDsp˱˲e˴ľʖƮ|L{eI^ćȩ˰PrdCmp˱˲f˴ľʖƮ|ÂƓćȩ˰PrdDsp˱˱(2) 流出モデル
ƮȣȲ#*˲ƮŉŐ˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ' "ǒ7,Ǣʻ)ɻǪ>ģƛ˰Ā−1˱˳˲ǒ
|Ǣʻ)˃¨ŧ>ʋƟ:'*ƻʄ]}WØÂ#˳#ƮȣȲ#*˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ)ˑ'ɛ:ıņĽǢĈ>Īʒ'˲ƮȣȲ#ǁɀǢÁq]w)ɄŐƻʄ>ɯ ˳ƮȣȲ)ƻʄ]}W$"*˲ÕǤʰʾʝɕëƃɣĲʾʝœʃȾȉʶ˰˲ʾʝœʃȾȉʶ˱'7 "ɻǪ;]}W>ÇȎ˰Ā−1˲St.A˱˳ǢÁq]w'7:ɿȽ>ɯ 'Ř9˲AMeDAS ɻǪŴ˰Ƞƚğ˱) 1ơ˂ˆǒʻ>ÇȎ˳1ʾʝœʃȾȉʶ'7 "ɻǪ;ǒ8Ǣʻ-)đƊ*˲ʾʝœʃȾȉʶ#¤Ű;ǒ−ǢʻƦɖ>ÇȎ 31)˰ɲ−1˱˳1ƮȣȲ#*˲ɻǪ;ģəǒ)½˲ǕǴǟūǒ# : 5.48 m >ʚ Ck{^˰¹ 10 Ck{^˱>ŽÁ˲)#ƨĕ# 2013 ŉ9 Ʃ)ǠǒCk{^>Īʒ$˳&ƮǠǒCk{^#*˲9 Ʃ 16 Ɲ 24 ơ' 8.24 m )ǒɻǪ;" ˳ɲ ıņĽ':ǒǢʻ)˃¨
H -Q 
Q =5.114(H -0.599)





2

Q <114.1

2

114.1≤Q ≤164.4

Q =3.279(H +0.576)

Q =7.383(H -1.786)216

164.4<QƮǢÁq]w#*˲ąř]}W*āăƔ°ũĊ'7 "Ɖ¦;" : 10 m pZPr) DEM 7,
DEM 8ɿȽ; FD >ÇȎ˳ȳ˂ɽ´Ő*Ɇ 100 m pZPr$˲ɿȽơ˂˂ˎ* 300 s $˳1ǢÁq]w)eup}W*˲python ' "ˁȗ;eup}WíĢuCiuv# :spotpy32)>ÇȎ˲AwMvSo*ɷƔ :½˲ǒƗğÂʺ#ōÇȎ;" : SCE-UA Ǟ 33)'79-8-íĢ˳
ɲ1 ':ǒǢʻ)˃¨'79ƈĢ;Ǣʻ>ÇȎ˲ǢÁq]w)eup}W>íĢ
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˳&˲ıņĽǒɻǪŴ':ǒǄ)Uyǹ˫* 0.0 m # :4˲ɻǪǒ>)11ǒǥ$2&$åɟ# :˳Ā7 'ǒǥ>Ȏ "ǢÁq]w)eup}W>íĢɏƵ>Ȩ˳ƮɿȽ#*ÎʙɿȽ>ɯ='ɿȽ>ģɯ" :4ÅƬ
ǒǥ#*ɦŇ)ʊĿ :5))˲))¥ +Ǡǒg}Iơǹ#)ǒǥ6)Ŝ)Į&ǒƞ&%˲˜ń'ɤɿȽ°ɻǪ°>¿ȇ" :$Â:˳)ɏƵ79˲ƻʄǦ2)ɻǪǢʻ>ÇȎ:$#˲ƮȣȲ#ǁɀǢÁq]w'79ǢĈ)
ǒ|ȂʗǢÁǈǁ>¿ȇåɟ# :$ɜ 8;:˳)4˲Ŝ*ƮŉŐģƛ;ǒ7,ǢʻɻǪ>ưŉŐˆ5ģƛ˲Ǣʻ]}W)ƕ²>ʮ4:$#˲ƮǢÁq]w>ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ'ʳȎ
:$#˲ƮȣȲ)ƨɌțǄ$:˲ˊĈȂʗŠȋq]w$ǢÁq]w>ɏë:$#˲ˊĈ8
ǜĹĈ'ǢÁ:ǒ|ȂʗǢÁʻ>ƈĢ˲;8)ÁÌ°>ǜĹĈȌŭɅq]w'¸Ì:$'7
9˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ7,ÜĹǫ˲ÜĹǬ)ȌŭɅ' :Ś˞)ɑëșʅ§>ģƛ" Ģ#:˳Ā6 2013 ŉ 8 Ʃ 29 Ɲ8 9 Ʃ 30 Ɲ':ǢÁɿȽɏƵ˰ˬģɖ˴ɻǪǢʻ˲ʘȤɖ˴ɿȽǢʻ˳ǅʟ*ɿȽˁęơ˂8)ơ˂>Ȩ˱Ā7 2013 ŉ 8 Ʃ 29 Ɲ8 9 Ʃ 30 Ɲ':ǢÁɿȽɏƵ˰ˬģɖ˴ɻǪǒǥ˲ʘȤɖ˴ɿȽǒǥ˳ǅʟ*ɿȽˁęơ˂8)ơ˂>Ȩ˱;'79˲ǢÁq]w>ǁɀ:$Áư˳ƮȣȲ':țș*ǢĈ8)ǒ|ȂʗǢÁǈ
ǁ>ʅ§:$# :4˲ǒ$íơ'ȂʗȮÒ:ÑƵ>ɜŮ:ţɹ :˳#ƮȣȲ#*ƮǢÁq]w-ȮǢÑƵ>ĭ¸:4˲1 ǉ¶ȮǢžƓƚȯŔ>ʳȎ:$$˰Ŕ(18)˱
˳
?k

?k

?t k

+ 𝑢𝑢 ?9 − 𝐷𝐷 ?9 t = 0(18)?A#˲c *ȂʗǳŐ˲u *Ǣʫ˲D *žƓ¨Ɣ# :˳˲ʥ" :ʪ9˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ½':ǒ|ȂʗǢÁʻ'˃:ƻʄ]}WȺØÂ# :4˲ŕɔɻǪ5ð4"ƻʀ>ɯ " ţɹ :$>ʥ."˳

-9-５．陸域物質循環モデルと流出モデルの結合ˊĈȂʗŠȋq]w$ǢÁq]w)ɏë>ɯ #˲F{uC{ɏë˰ʩǉ˲ɿȽɏƵ> q]w#ºƪ:ƚǞ˱$FhuC{ɏë˰·'ǿƚ)q]w˰ü)ċë*ˊĈȂʗŠȋq]w˱#ɿȽ>ģɯ˲¹ɿȽɌǍˌ#ÁÌɏƵ>5 ~ƚ)q]w'ºƪ:ƚǞ˱ɜ 8;:˳Êɝ)
F{uC{ɏë)ċë*˲ )ɿȽɏƵ>ʩǉ˲áƠ:$Áư:4˲¥ +˲ˊĈȂʗŠȋq]w)ʍˣ$;:ǒâƎ)ʶÂ>ǢÁq]w±)ɏƵ> :$#˲ˊĈȂʗŠȋ)ɿȽɄŐï:åɟŧ :˲$pvZ^ĜĄ:˳˲Ĕ)ċë˲ q]w*¬Æ'ȕ&:ȣȲɝ'79ˁȗ;:4˲¥ +ˁȗȋčȕ&:˰C ɾʉ6 Fortran˲Windows 6 Linux &%˱˲&%$ʍˣȌ:4˲ɁÚ'* ɝ>ɏë:$*þ˖# :˳~ƚ˲Ŝɝ)FhuC{ɏë#*˲F{uC{ɏë)pvZ^>áƠ:'*˲ǢÁq]w˰ǒâƎ)ɿȽ>ģƛ˲ºƪ˱=>ˊĈȂʗŠȋq]w˰ȂʗŠȋ)ɿȽ>ģƛ˲ºƪ˱=>ǢÁq]w˰ǒ|ȂʗǢÁʻ)ɿȽ>ģƛ˱$

7 &ɷƔü)69ã9ţɹ$&:$]pvZ^ĜĄ:˳˲;;¬Æ'ɿȽ>ģɯ:4˲F{uC{ɏë)]pvZ^# :ˁȗȋč)ʲ &%$ǹ*˲q]wˁȗɝ )ɏƵ>áƠ#:7 '¬'q]wǁʬ>Əɤ:)2#Ǧ34˲ĕ&]pvZ^$*&8& ˳#ƮȣȲ#*˲ˊĈȂʗŠȋq]w$ǢÁq]w>ɏë:ÅƬǍˌ$"˲1*FhuC{ɏë'79 q]w>ɏë:$$˳ƮȣȲ#*˲ƮŉŐ*ˊĈȂʗŠȋq]w'7 "ɿȽ;:ăď½':Ȃʗ˰ƮȣȲ#*˲ȴɇǳŐ>Īʒ˱>ǢÁq]w' "¸Ì°$Áư:7 ˲1*]}Wƕ²)ŵǞ>ǁɀ˳Ʈ
ȣȲ#Ȏ  LANDIS-II ':ȳ˂ũĊ*źŚőǄɅ˰m Ú˲ƮȣȲ#* 100 m x 100 m #ɿȽ˱# 9˲~ƚ)ǢÁq]w˰DHM˱*ąȉőǄɅ˰ɗŐ|ɎŐ˲ƮȣȲ#*Ɇ 100 m x 100 m $&:ȭ
Ɣ#ɿȽ˱#ɿȽ;:4˲Ā8 )7 'ȳ˂őǄɅ$ąȉőǄɅ#ÁÌ;:őǄ°ȕ&:˳

Ā8 őǄɅ)ʲ '7:ÁÌőǄ°˳˰˙ɼ˴ň˝ȜɼőǄɅ˲ʘ˴ąȉőǄɅ˱)4˲LANDIS-II #ɿȽ;:ÁÌ°>)11 DHM '¸Ì:$Áư˲ȳ˂ũĊ)đ
Ɗ>ɯ ţɹ :˳ȳ˂ũĊ)đƊ6ȕ&:ȳ˂RK}w'Ī:]}W¤Ű&%*˲¥ +ArcGIS )7 & GIS Vh^DEA>ÇȎ:$#ɁÚ'ɽǘ:$Áư:˳˲ƮȣȲ)
7 'ơɅÄ]}W>Ŷ ċë*˲GIS Vh^DEA&%#¤ƽ:$*˜ń'ÐÌ) :¤ƽ$&
9ÑȆŨ& "1 ˳)4˲ơɅÄ]}W>Ŷ ː'*˲ɢÒÔÁư:PR\o>ǁɀ:- 10 -

$ʹɹ$&:˳#ƮȣȲ#*˲jyJun{Jɾʉ# : python >ÇȎ:$#˲ȳ˂ũĊ)đƊ7, LANDIS-II )ɿȽ°8 DHM )¸Ì°>¤Ű:ŵǞ>ǁɀ˳ƮPR\o>ǁɀ:'Ř9˲python )ɷƔ)uCiuv>ÇȎ˳1ȳ˂ũĊ)đƊ'*˲pyproj $uCiuv>Ȏ :$#źŚőǄɅ8ąȉőǄɅ-đƊ˳»£ș&¥$"*˲ʂ)7 &RIvj^>ÇȎ˰Ŕ(19)(21)˱
˳
jgd2000 = pyproj.Proj(init='EPSG:4612')(19)

rect13 = pyproj.Proj(init='EPSG:2455')(20)

lon, lat = pyproj.transform(rect13, jgd2000, xx, yy)(21)

#˲jgd2000˲rect13 *őǄɅ˰rect13 *ň˝ȜɼőǄɅ 13 Ʌ˱˲EPSG *êőǄɅ)L}_˲lon*ɎŐ˲lat *ɗŐ˲xx * x ʟ)ʜ˕˲yy * y ʟ)ʜ˕# :˳
ǉ'˲LANDIS-II 8)ÁÌ°*Ɣ°]}W#*&˲GIS Ⱥ#Ȏ 8;:7 &uRW}]}W
˰tif h@Cw˱$"ÁÌ;:4˲DHM -)¸Ì]}W$"ʌ2ʣ3'*Ɣ°-$đƊ:ţɹ :˳# tifffile $uCiuv>Ȏ :$#uRW}]}W>Ɣ°]}W'đƊ˳»£ș&¥$"*˲ʂ)7 &RIvj^>ÇȎ˰Ŕ(22)˱
˳
image = tifffile.imread(‘filename’)(22)

#˲filename *ʌ2ʣ3h@Cwî˰]BxI^v5ð4ȝĪßǼ : *ɒĪßǼţɹ˱# :˳1#)¤ƽ'79˲LANDIS-II )ÁÌ°)ȳ˂ũĊ)đƊ&8,'Ɣ°]}W-)đƊåɟ$&:˰˲đƊǦ2) LANDIS-II )]}W> LANDIS-II geo $:˱˳˲ȳ˂ũĊ)đƊ'˲LANDIS-II geo )őǄ°˰#*ɗŐ|ɎŐ˱ DHM )őǄ°$ȕ&:˳)4˲ƮȣȲ#* KD-Tree Ǟ'79 DHM )őǄ°'Ī" :ʜ˕ȿÿ½' : LANDIS-II geo )]}W>ÇȎ˲
IDW Ǟ˰Inverse Distance Weighting˲ʧʜ˕ɨʹǞ˱'79˲LANDIS-II )ÁÌ°> DHM -¸Ìåɟ&]}W>ɢÒș'¤Ű:PR\o>ǁɀ˳»£ș'*˲KD-Tree Ǟ* scipy uCiuv))spatial $[}w˲IDW Ǟ'Ȏ :ʜ˕)ɿȽ* pyproj $uCiuv>ÇȎ˳»£ș&¥*ʂ)7 &RIvj^>ÇȎ˰Ā9˱˳Ā9 KD-Tree Ǟ7, IDW Ǟ>Ȏ  DHM ¸ÌȎ]}W¤ŰƚǞ)¥#˲grs80 * GRS80 Ƽ¾£˲ss.KDTree * KD-Tree Ǟ˲grid *ƆɈ¶˰#* LANDIS-II geo˱)őǄũĊ˲tree.query_ball_point * :őǄ°'Ī"ū)ȿÿ'ĜĄ:]}W)ƆɈ˰1 ǉ¶#Ȏū;]}W)#ƆɈ;Ȕèa'ÁÌ;:˱
˲xxx *ƆɈ·˰#* DHM˱': x ʟ)őǄ°˰ɎŐ˱˲yyy *ƆɈ·˰#* DHM˱': y ʟ)őǄ°˰ɗŐ˱˲zzz *ƆɈ·˰#* DHM˱': z ʟ)őǄ°˰˫˲#*˫ũĊ*& )# 0 $&:˱˲
search_area *[xxx, yyy, zzz])ǹ8)ƆɈ:ʜ˕ȿÿ˰#*ąȉőǄ#ƀĢ˱˲azimuth *ƚ- 11 -

ɼ˲bwx_azimuth *ʧƚï)ƚɼ˲distance * 2 ǹ˂)ʜ˕˲lon *ƆɈ¶˰#* LANDIS-IIgeo˱)ɎŐ˲lat *ƆɈ¶˰#* LANDIS-II geo˱)ɗŐ# :˳ƮŵǞ)đƊɄŐ>ƻʄ:4˲đƊÊ)]}W$đƊŜ)]}W>ǏʠɏƵ>Ā10 'Ȩ˳#*Ā5 $íǂ'ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ)ȇĄ˰2016 ŉ˱':ƺȌÂŁ>Ȩ" :˳đƊÊ$ƮŵǞ'7:đƊŜ) ɝ>Ǐʠ"5˲øˣ&íǂ&ɏƵ>Ȩ" :$Â:˳)
4˲1#ȨRIvj^¥Ⱥ>ÇȎ:$#˲ơɅÄ]}W$"ÁÌ;:ɷƔ)LANDIS-II )ÁÌ°>ɢÒș' DHM )¸Ì]}W-đƊ:$åɟ$& ˳;'79˲ˊĈȂʗŠȋq]w˰LANDIS-II˱$ǢÁq]w˰DHM˱)FhuC{ɏë'ïPR\o>ǁɀ:$Áư˳

Ā10 ȇĄ˰2016 ŉ˱': LANDIS-II '7:ÁÌ°˰đƊÊ˱$ƮȣȲ#ǁɀđƊŵǞ'7:ȳ˂ũĊ)đƊɏƵ˰đƊŜ˱)ƺȌÂŁ˰a˴đƊÊ˲b˴đƊŜ˱

６．まとめ
ƮȣȲ' "ģƛ7,ŝ8;ɏƵ>'1$4:˳
1) CCI˰Climate Change Indices˱>Ȏ :$#˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ':Ǒ¯Ɯ'Ǒ¯đÒ)Ś˞>ä" :)˲ĉȧș&ʅ§>ɯ ˳)ɏƵ˲Ǒǩ' "*ˤɪ&đÔɺ8;& 5))˲ȡơ˂ˆǒʻ7,ɕˆǒʻ#*µ'ĎÍ" :³ïȦʈ;˳)4˲ˆǒʻ˲ˆǒeW}{' "*˲ǑʒɻǪˁę;"8ȇĄ'"˲Ɯ'Ǒ¯đÒ)Ś˞ȇ;":$Ȧʈ;˳
2) d4PDF˰ąȈǩƥÔ'ʖ:A{N{iwǑ¯Ǫ]}Wk}R˱>ÇȎ:$#˲ĬưǑ¯'
:ˆǒʻ$ǑǩȇĄǑ¯$Ǐʠ˲%)7 'đÔ:åɟŧ :'! "˲ĉȧș&ƻ
ʀ>ɯ ˳)ɏƵ˲ˆǒʻ#*ĒĞ˰8 Ʃ˲9 Ʃ˱'ȇĄǑ¯$Ǐʠ"ĕĎÍ:åɟŧȨ÷;˳8'˲ÀĞ˰12 Ʃ8 3 Ʃ˱)ƩňĆǑǩǓǹ8Ɇ 0 ˚C ʤ1#ƞ"9˲ÀĞ)ˆǒ*˲ˆ˘795ˆ˗Ùʛ"ȗȌ:åɟŧȨ÷;˳1ǪŅ)ˇ
°*Ŀ& 5))˲ĬưǑ¯':ǪŅ)ˇ°ȇĄǑ¯795ĕ& " :4˲ÀĞ)ˆǒʻ5ĕ&:åɟŧ˫ $ƈĨ;˳
3) ˊĈȂʗŠȋq]w$"ƹƴƣɻq]w LANDIS-II >ÇȎ:$'79˲ˊĈ':ȂʗŠȋ)ƻʀ>ɯ ƻʀ$"ƺȌÒŭ'˃:ƻʀ>ģƛ˳;'79˲Ǒ¯|ȩP`vF)
đÔ'7 "ǢĈ½)ƺȌÒŭ%)7 'ƈȮ:åɟŧ :'! "ƻʀ˳;'79˲ƺȌÒŭ)đÔ' ˊĈ':ȂʗŠȋ>ƈĢåɟ$& ˳4) ƮȣȲ' "ƏɤÂŁćǢÁq]w>Ȏ :$#˲ǢĈ':ǒ|ȂʗǢÁǈǁƈĢ'ïƻʀ>ģƛ˳&ƮȣȲ#*˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ':ǒ7,Ǣʻ)ɻǪƮŉŐ8ģƛ;4˲ǒ|Ǣʻ)˃¨ŧ'! ")ƻʄØÂ#4˲ƮŉŐ*ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ)ˑ'ɛ:ıņĽǢĈ>Īʒ'˲q]w)ɄŐƻʄ>ģƛ˳)ɏƵ˲ɻǪǢʻ- 12 -

$"ÇȎ:]}W>Ê'ɄŐƻʄ5ð4"Ȧʈ:ţɹ :$˲Ə4"Ȧʈ;˳1˲ʾʝœʃȾȉʶ'7:ǒ˰ǒǥ˱>Ȏ "ǢÁq]w)eup}WíĢ>ɯ ɏƵ˲ǁɀǢÁq]w>Ȏ :$#ɻǪ°)Ǡǒg}I6ǒǥ)ƂÒ>ɿȽ°¿ȇ#:$Ȧʈ;˳
5) RIvj^ɾʉ# : python 7,ɷƔ)uCiuv>Ȏ :$#˲ˊĈȂʗŠȋq]w
˰LANDIS-II˱$ǢÁq]w˰DHM˱>FhuC{ɏë:4)]}Wƕ²>ɢÒș'ɯ $Áư:PR\o>ǁɀ˳1˲ƮȣȲ#ŝ8;ɏƵ>ʞ1 "˲Ŝ*)7 &ƚʽ#ƻʀ>ʮ4" Ģ# :˳i.
ˊĈȂʗŠȋq]w$"Ȏ : LANDIS-II '7:ˊĈ':ȂʗŠȋ˰ƮȣȲ#*'ȴɇ˱
'! "˲ɻǪ°$Ǐʠ:$'79)ɄŐƻʄ>ɯ ˲Ʈq]w)˫ɄŐÔ>ʮ4:˳
ii.
ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ' "ɻǪ;:ǒ7,Ǣʻ)ƻʄ>ØÂ'ɯ Ŝ˲ɻǪǢʻ>ĉ'Ʈ
ȣȲ#ǁɀÂŁćǢÁq]w)ɄŐƻʄ>Ə4"ģƛ:˳
iii.
ǁɀˊĈȂʗŠȋq]w$ÂŁćǢÁq]w>ɏë:$'79˲ʯÞ'ȗȌƾȷCk{^>Īʒ'˲ˊĈ8)ǒ|ȂʗǢÁʻ>ƈĢ˲ÜĹǫ|ÜĹǬ)ȌŭɅ' :Ś˞>
ʅ§:˳
iv.
ƮŉŐģƛ LANDIS-II ' "Ǒ¯|ȩP`vF)đÔ>ʞ1 ĬưǪ$íǂ&P`
vF>ÂŁćǢÁq]w'5ɜŮ:$#˲ˊĈ8)ǒ|ȂʗǢÁʻ)đÔ˲ÜĹǫ|ÜĹǬ)ȌŭɅ'%)7 &đÔ> :'! "ʅ§:˳
ʂ>ģƛ:$#˲ÆħʢȀĽǢĈ7,ÜĹǫ|ÜĹǬ)ȌŭɅ>ʞ1 ˲ſɔș&ǢĈȋč)©¹'ʖ:ƻʀåɟ$&:˳;8)ƻʀ#ŝ8;:ɏƵ'! "*ˍơ˲ąĈ¡ǐ5ð4˲
ȩ-AD^v}Y" $#˲79ɤ ȩ$&:7 ʔȅ"  $ɜ " :˳

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参考文献
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