CHALLENGES AND GOOD
PRACTICE OF DECENTRALIZEDWASTEWATER TREATMENT IN
INDONESIA

Ir. Rudy Azrul Arifin, MSc.

Head of Subdirectorate of Specific Environment
Sanitation
Directorate of Environmental Development
Sanitation

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND
HOUSINGKEMENTERIANPEKERJAAN UMUM
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF HUMAN

The Scale of The Challenge

50 of 1000 babies died
75 % of the rivers areof diarrhea
heavily polluted
140.000 tons of feces
1 mg/L BOD5 increases
per day is polluting
water production cost ofwaterbody
IDR 9.17/m3

The potential economic loss reaches
USD 6.3 billion per annum (2,3% ofGDP)

2019 Universal Access

3

WASTEWATER SERVICE

100%Urban
100%Off-site System:
15%
On-Site System:
85%

Rural
100%
On-Site System:
100%

4

CURRENT CONDITIONS AND FUTURE TARGETS
1%

Off-site System
IMPROVEDSANITATION

On-site System withRegular Desludging

On-site System
without Regular
Desludging

IMPROVEDSANITATIONBASIC
SANITATIONWITHOUTACCESS

Basic Sanitation
No AccessOpen Defecation

BASIC
SANITATION

5SANITATION DEVELOPMENT SCHEME
WASTEWATER SYSTEMLOW DENSITY

On-site system

HIGH DENSITY

Off-site system(communal, decentralized,city scale)LOW DENSITY

Latrines
Septic tanks(basic Sanitation)

URBAN

RURAL
HIGH DENSITY

On-siteCommunal Off site

URBAN- CLTS

URBAN/RURAL - DENSITY

Community
Lead toTotal
Sanitation((CLTS)

6

MANAGEMENT APPROACH
ApproachCommunity Based

Level

Neighborhood

1. Pro-Poor
2. Slum area
1. Rural
CLTS –> on-site
2. Urban Slums
Sanimas –> small
scale off-site

Institutional Based
City Wide

Demand Responsive Approach Metropolitan & Large City
Off-site system
 Medium & Small City
- Integrated on-site and off-site systems
with focus on SeptageTreatment
Management Old City- Shallow/small bore sewer or small
scale sewerage integrated to municipal
sewage system to support revitalization
 New City
- Small sewerage system for Low Cost
Housing area
- Encourage sewerage development for
new town

Regional/NationalIntercity/interregional
development ofwastewater
infrastructure toprotect watershed

Clean RiverProgram(PROKASIH) or
similar program7

WHAT DO WE DO?
Develop:On-site System
 Individual Septic Tank
 Communal Septic Tank
 Septage Transport Vehicle
 Septage Treatment Plant

Off-site System City Scale Small Scale Specific Area

Encourage:
1. Campaign, Education, andPromotion
2. Advocacy to Local Governments
3. Management TechnicalAssistance
4. Updating City Sanitation
Strategies
5. Cross Sectoral Synchronization
6. Human Resources Development

8

ESTIMATION OF INFRASTUCTURES NEEDED FOR
UNIVERSAL ACCESSOFF SITE SYSTEM

ON SITE SYSTEM

Target by 2019: 2 million Household

Target by 2019: 20 million
Household- House Connection Construction in
13 existing city scale WWTP
(exclude MSMHP and MSMIP):
150.000 HC- House Connection Construction inCity Scale WWTP (Jambi,Pekanbaru, Makassar, DKI Jakarta,Medan, Yogyakarta): 150.000 HC- Small Scale WWTP Construction:
2.400 unit (@200 – 1000 HC): 1,2million HC- Community based WWTPConstruction: 5.000 unit (@100HC): 500 ribu HC- Septage Treatment Plant
Construction: 337 kab./kota- Septage transport vehicle
supporting: 337 unit
- Septic tank construction: 10 juta
HH
- Public Toilet Construction(Communal septic tank): 50.000unit (@50 KK): 2,5 million HH- Latrine (Basic Sanitation): 7,5million HH

9OFF SITE SYSTEM

Off Site System(City Scale) WWTP, Pumping Station, Main Trunk: Central
Government
 Land, Lateral Pipe, House Inlet, OM: Local
Government House Connection: Household/ Local
Government

10CITY SCALE SEWERAGE IN INDONESIA
NoCityUnitsSystem

Capacity (CMD)

Idle

1Medan

1UASB

10.000 43,5 %2Parapat

1

Aerated Ponds

2000

94,25%

3Batam1Oxidation Ditch

2.852

97,37%

4

Jakarta Zone
01

MBBR

38.88098,19%

5Tangerang

1

Aerated Ponds

2.800

94,74%

6Bandung1

Lagoons

80.835

0%

7

Cirebon4

Lagoons

20.50053%

8Surakarta

3

Biofilter &Lagoons

14.00056,38%

9DI
Yogyakarta

1

Aerated Ponds

15.500 64,5%

10Denpasar &Badung

1

Aerated Ponds

51.000 37,2%

BIG QUESTIONS:HOW TO UTILIZE THE IDLE CAPACITY????

11Problems: Low Awareness of the Households Owners, Low Budget forhouse connections from Local Government, No law enforcement

Decentralized Systems as an Intermediate
Step and Bridge to Centralized Sewerage**) DEWATS Study, WSP 2012

Decentralized System inIndonesia
Communal Septic
Tank – Septage
Treatment Plant

Communal Scale
Off-site System

Small Scale Offsite System

Ministry of Public Works and Housing
through its Research and DevelopmentBoard has also assessed and certified
several decentralized treatments

Communal Septik Tank –Septage Treatment Plant
Since the 90s,

170
Septage
Treatment
Plants havebeen
developed
throughout
Indonesia

Communal Septic Tanks serve: < 10HCs
 Managed by communities
 To be transported to Septage
Treatment PlantsCommunal Scale Off-site
SystemSince 2006,
out of the ±13000
community
basedsanitation
infrastructures

2700,of them are
Communal
Scale Off Site
SystemAnaerobic Treatment
 Number of House Connections: 11200 HCs
 Planned, Constructed, and Managed
by communities with supervisionfrom Local GovernmentsSmall Scale Off-site System
Since 2006,

197
Small Scale
Wastewater
Systemshave beendevelopedthroughout
Indonesia

Anaerobic Treatment
 Number of House Connections: 2014.000 HCs
 Managed by Institution under Local
Governments (LGs) Additional: 34 Small Scale Off-site
Systems funded through Hibah fromAustralia (managed by LGs)17

ON SITE SYSTEM
Public Toilet

Communal
Septic Tank

SEPTAGE TREATMENT PLANT

Individual SepticTank

Septage TransportVehicle

Regular Desludging

Funding
Septic Tank Construction:
Household
Desludging: Household
Transport Vehicle: Local
Government
Septage Treatment Plant
Construction: Local
Government and Central
Government

18SEPTAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMFor Onsite & Small scale sewerage, beside expanding theaccess we are now also focussing on
IMPROVING the QUALITY of SEPTAGE MANAGEMENT

Wastewater Treatment:o Individual Septic Tanko Comunal Septic Tanko Small Scale Sewerage

SeptageTransport
VehicleSeptage Treatment Plant
Only 170 out of 517
cities/regencies owned STP

On Call Basis Desludging / Regular Desuldging

Issues and Challenges
 Majority of Septic Tanks are in lowquality  limited input to Septage
Treatment Plant
 Limited land availability for Small Scale
Off-site System in slum urban area
 Low priority on sanitation investment(both at government and communitylevels) Stronger regulation and enforcement
are needed Many community management
structures do not function asassumedGOOD PRACTICE OF DECENTRALIZEDWASTEWATER TREATMENT IN INDONESIA(Community Based Sanitation)

Location:
Jl. Kasturi RT 1, RW 1, Desa Benteng,
Kecamatan Pangaron, Kab. Banjar,Provinsi Kalsel

Community BasedSanitation

21

Combination System of Communal
Off Site System and MCK++Di Kel. Pamoyanan, Kec. Bogor
Selatan
Built in 2012

Combination System of Communal
Off Site System and MCK++di Kel. Katulampa, Kec. Bogor Timur
Built in 2012Community Based Sanitation“SANIMAS” Photographs

Community Based Sanitation“SANIMAS” PhotographsTERIMA KASIH

Directorate of Environmental Sanitation Development
Ministry of Public Works and Housing
Email: abah_plp@yahoo.co.id
Phone: +62 21 72797181