Management of Decentralized Domestic
Wastewater Treatment Facilities
in Mandalay City

Ms. Aye Aye Khaing
ME (Civil), PhD (Research)
Water & Sanitation Department
12.12.2017

Mandalay City Development Committee

Mandalay City ProfileLocation:

96° 06' E , 21° 59' N ,74.07 m A.M.S.L

City Area :123.26 km2( 16.86 km from North to South,8.75 km from East to West)

Composed :6 townships( divided by 96 wards, 42 village tracts
and 170 villages)

Annual Average Rainfall≈956 mmAnnual Average Evaporation Rate ≈1728 mmAnnual Average relative Humidity ≈66 %Mandalay City Profile
Population Growth of
Mandalay City
1.6
1.4

Population (million)

1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.201950 1960 1970 1980
1990 2000 2010 2015

MCDC Rules and Regulations on Water &Sanitation
Chapter XVISection 69. (m)Managing water for consuming,
wasted polluted water and liquid ofexcrement in accord with thestandards of WHO or concerned
ministry as prescribed by time totime.

Amending Law on Mandalay
City Development Law, 2014

Sanitation

Mandalay City Development Committee

Responsibilities for Sanitation• Instructing and permitting the septic tankconstruction• Providing mobile toilets• Solving the complains from public in terms ofwastewater pollution• Construction and management of public toilets• Providing desludging service• Supervising the wastewater disposal fromindustrial zone

Existing Working Capacity Night Soil Trucks
Working Working
Operation
Capacity
LoadCondition(gal/trip) (trip/day)No

Model/Made Year

12
3
4
5
67JapanJapan
DF-3/China
DF-4/China
DF-5/China
Japan
China

1972
1982
1994
1994
1994
1999
2013

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000

1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
2 to 48China2013

Yes

1000

2 to 4

Total

Total load
Total collection load
(m3/month)(m3/day)(22 working days in amonth)
Minimu Maximu
Minimum Maximum
mm
4.5
9.1
99
200.2
4.5
9.1
99
200.2
4.5
9.1
99
200.2
4.5
9.1
99
200.2
4.5
9.1
99
200.2
4.5
9.1
99
200.2
9.1
18.2
200.2
400.4
9.1

18.2

200.2

400.4

45.2

91

994.4

2002

Existing Sanitation Coverage
Townships
Household
Septic Tanks

Pit Latrines% household
septic tank
Coverage% sanitation
coverage

Open
Defecation/Useof other’sfacilities (%)

Aungmyethazan

63

2570%

98%

2%

Chanayethazan

56

3462%

100%

0%

Maharaungmye

48

2853%

84%

16%

Chanmyathazi

305833%

98%

2%

Pyigyitagun

32

53

36%

94%

5%

Amarapura

20

23

22%

48%

52%

Patheingyi

23

57

26%

89%

11%

TOTAL

272

278

43%

87%

13%

8

Charges For Desludging
Location of theOxidation Pond

From 5 townships
29100 Kyats
From Amarapura
Township
38100 Kyats

Night Soil Treatment ( Oxidation Pond)

Location
11km from north of Mandalay City
Aye Yake Nyein Cemetery

Pond Size
Facultative Pond (200’x100’x6’)
Aerobic Pond (100’x100’x5’)
Finishing Pond (50’x50’x4’)

Wastewater(1) Domestic(2) Industry Wastewater
Mandalay City Development Committee

Overview On Domestic Wastewater Situation
Grey Water & Effluentsfrom Septic Tank
No.

Directly discharge to 9
main drains

Name of Drain

Length1.

Shwe Ta Chaung

7.14 miles

2.

Ngwe Ta Chaung

4.7 miles

3.

Mingalar

0.96 miles

4.

Columbo

3.57 miles

5.

Nadi

5.78 miles

6.

Payandaw

7.01 miles

7.

Thingazar

2.95 miles

8.

Myaung Gyi

1.76 miles

9.

Tat Myaw

2.79 miles

Total Length of Drains

36.64 miles

Domestic Wastewater Management
No.

Pumping

Discharge

Station( m3/hr )1

Kat Kyaw

4,090

2

Shwe Gae

7,272

3Thingazar

4,545

456

Nagarni Pagoda
Kandawgyi
Sangha Hospital
Kandawgyi
Zaung Kalaw

PUMPING STATIONBEFORE

WASTEWATER PUMPAFTER

WASTEWATER PIPE LINE

INLET POINT OF
THINGAZAR CREEK

2,045

4,540
4,540

Environmental Conservation for Enduring
KanDawGyi Lake and TaungTaMan Lake
KanDawGyi Lake

TaungTaMan Lake

TaungTaMan Lake At 2015

Brief Information on Industrial Wastewater
Situation
All wastewater generated industries from theMandalay Industrial Zone are disposing theirwastewater to the Doke Htawaddy Riverthrough (10) inches main pipe Line without anytreatment.

The First Central Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Plant is now being constructed by Hydrotek
Supreme Mandalay Co. Ltd.

New On-site Domestic
Wastewater Treatment Project(Jokhasou System)
Mandalay City Development Committee

Hnin Si Housing

Will be constructed soon by A.C.R.
ThuKhaChanThar Co. Ltd (Daiki Axis)

Plan View of the treatment facility (Johkasou)Future Paln

Mandalay City Development Committee

Mandalay Urban Services Improvement Project Loan Amount- US$ 60 million

 Project name- Mandalay Urban Services Improvement Project Implementing Sector- Improvement of waste water and drainage management

 Implementing Period- 8 years ( from 2016 to 2023)

 Project Implementation - Suez in association with Myanmar Koei Consultant
 Loan Agree; signing date - 9.9.2016
 Consultant firm

- Suez in association with Nippon Koei

 Consultant Agree;- 6.12.2016 (signing date)Propose Emission Standards for MUSIP
No.

Primary Controlling Pollutants

Short Term

Medium TermLong Term

1

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)120100602

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)

6030

203Suspended Solid (SS)5030204Grease

20535

Total Nitrogen (as N)

N/A

N/A

206Ammonia Nitrogen (as N)

N/A

25

87

Total Phosphorus (as P)

531.5

8Color (times of dilution)

50

40

30

9PH

10Fecal Coliform

6-9
N/A

104

104

Issues and Challenges
Low priority on sanitation

Budget limitation

Need sustainable
Less experience on sewage
Public Awareness andplanning for sanitation
and wastewater treatment
Capacity Building Planand wastewater
Strong regulations andenforcement requireNo emission guidelines on
domestic wastewater

No Sewage Treatment Plant, No Wastewater Treatment Plant, No Sewer Network

Thank You For Your Attention…