2nd Workshop on On-site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Current situation and challenges of on-site
domestic wastewater treatmentin ThailandDr. Chaiyo Juisiri
Pollution Control Department ,Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
December 1-2, 2014

April , 2014The main reason causing water quality deterioration,
considering from the parameters, was due to thewastewater from communities. This also included wastewaterfrom other activities, such as industrial activities
and agricultures which discharged wastewater to water
sources without prior water treatment. As a solution tothese causes, there should be campaign encouraging
the public to reduce water usage in order to reduce
wastewater and to manage wastewater at thepoint source by treating the wastewater from household andrecycling the wastewater.

The main reason causing water quality deterioration, consideringfrom the parameters, was due to the wastewater fromcommunities.
As a solution to these causes, there should be campaign
encouraging the public to reduce water usage in order to reduce
wastewater and to manage wastewater at the source by treating
the wastewater from household and recycling the wastewater. The
local government should construct community wastewater
treatment system.
Following by- charge a fee for wastewater treatment- encourage the business owners to apply clean technologies- enforce wastewater treatment before draining to the environment- control low quality water drainage through irrigation or agricultural areas to reduce- enforce the law on the drainage water standard

Status of Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Facilities in Thailand
Location of 101 Municipal
Wastewater Treatment
Facilities in Thailand

1212

Technology for Wastewater Treatment
Facilities in Thailand

Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Systems defined by SystemTypes of Collection Systems
Central Wastewater Treatment

Combined Sewer System

Design Criteria for Central
Wastewater Treatment
The type ofcollection
systems
Combined Sewer
System
Separate Sewer
SystemBOD

SS(mg/l)(mg/l)

65 - 110(80)

40 – 110
(80)

(160)

(160)

drain both runoff andsewerage within one
system

Separate Sewer System
sewerage and runoff arecollected in separate piping
systems

The collection of wastewater treatment fee

Number and Capacity of Municipal Wastewater
Treatment System

Sources of Water Pollution

Domestic :Industry : 6,089 LAOs,

 Approximately 2.8 M m3/d

 1,687 Municipalities,
 BMA, Pattaya City

 >120,000 factories

 Approximately 9.2 M m3/d

Agriculture : Pig farm+ Aquaculture (Point source) 0.1 M m3/d
 Paddyfield (Non Point source)
150 M m3/d17

Municipal Wastewater Managementin Thailand(1,687) Municipalities

MWW~x.x M m3/d

BMA, Pattaya City

MWW. ~x.x M m3/d

(6,089) LAOs

MWW~ x.x M m3/dTreatment capacity ~ 3.2 M m3/d(~ 34.8% of total MWW)

Total MWW~9.2M m3/day
Total BOD Loading~ x,xxx Ton BOD/day

Total Budget 83,152 M Baht

Constraints in Municipal Wastewater
Management in Thailand
Constraints :Many urban communities lack appropriate municipal
wastewater management



The communities and people still lack understandingin wastewater problem and awareness to protect theenvironmentThe local administration organizations are still unable
to manage municipal wastewater

Lack of budget for construction of the newwastewater collection system and wastewater
facilities

The Main Problem in Wastewater Facilities Management

Weak Wastewater : the systems are sized
to treat highly diluted wastewater
Sewerage leakage : pumped mainsexperience substantial leakage withpotential contamination of groundwater
Sewer sedimentation : high levels ofintrusion and low hydraulic profiles ingravity sewers.

Bring Back Better
Natural Water resources
 Reduce waste at pollution sources by the simple
technologies(Ex. Grease Trap and On-site treatment) Rehabilitate the existing municipal wastewater
facilities Construct new wastewater treatment systemusing appropriate technology
 Polluter Pay Principal (PPP)21

Alternatives for Municipal Wastewater
Management in Thailand
On-site,(individual house)
Cluster Wastewater Treatment(Group of House)
Centralized Wastewater Treatment(High density)22On-siteHousehold Wastewater Treatment

Centralized Wastewater
Treatment

Cluster Wastewater Treatment

Household Wastewater Treatment
Old House

WasherLand

Filtration
Kitchen

Oil Trap

PublicDrainageToiletSeptic Tank

New House

Washer

KitchenToiletPublicDrainage

Oil Trap
Wastewater
Treatment Unit

Land
Filtration

Household WWTHousehold
Treatment System

Collection System

Anaerobic

ToiletSepticOil trap

Oil Trap
washerShoweroutletCentralized Wastewater Treatment

Central Wastewater Treatment

29

Technologies for Wastewater Treatment
Facilities in Thailand (Cont.)

Stabilization Pond(46%)

Aerated Lagoon(16%)

Technologies for Wastewater Treatment
Facilities in Thailand (Cont.)

Constructed Wetland:
CW (2%)

Rotating BiologicalContactor (1%)

Technologies for Wastewater Treatment
Facilities in Thailand (Cont.)

Activated Sludge (36%)

Constructed Wetland

Cluster Wastewater Treatment

ClusterCluster37

Challenges in Municipal Wastewater
Management in Thailand
Challenges :Review current status and update the data ofexisting wastewater collection network and thedrainage system
Propose and assess technically and economicallyfeasible options for Centralized, Cluster andOnsite of wastewater treatment system, including
identifying types, separate sewage system, orcombined sewer system which are appropriate forLAOs

Enhancement and Conservation of the National Environmental
Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992),-

Building Effluents Standards-Housing Estate Standards-Gas Station Effluent Standard
and Oil Terminal Effluent Standards

Gas Station Effluent Standard
and Oil Terminal Effluent Standards

Remarks: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater recommended by APHA : American Public Health Association, AWWA : American Water
Works Associaton and WPCF : Water Pollution Control Federationsource: Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment : Gas Station Effluent Standard and Oil Terminal Effluent Standards,and Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment: Designated Gas Stations and Oil Terminals as Pollution Point Sources published inthe Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 119, Part 43 D, dated May 28, B.E.2545 (2002)

Summary of Type and Sizes of Buildings Subject to Effluent Control

Remarks: Level of standard refers to the 6 parameters listed in the Building Effluent: Standard Values table
Source: Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of the National Enviromental Quality Act, B.E.2535, published in the Royal Government Gazette,Vol. 1
special part 9, dated February 4, B.E.2537 (1994).

Building Effluents Standards

Remarks: 1. Base on: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater recommended by APHA : American Public Health Association, AWWA : American Water Works Associaton and WPCF :Water Pollution Control Federation*= These values are in addition to the TDS of the water used.
2. Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment : Building Effluents Standards dated January 10, B.E.2537 was revoked by a)
3. Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of the National Enviromental Quality Act, B.E.2535 (1992) and Notification of the Ministry of Science,
Technology and Environment issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of the National Enviromental Quality Act, No. 2 B.E.2538 (1995) dated January 10, B.E.2537 was revoked by b)

Sources: a) Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment : Building Effluents Standards dated November 7, B.E. 2548 (2005) published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 122 Part 125 D,dated December 29, B.E. 2548 (2005)b) Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of the National Enviromental Quality Act.dated November 7, B.E. 2548 (2005)
published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 122 Part 125 D, dated December 29, B.E. 2548 (2005)

Housing Estate Standards

Remarks: 1. * These values are in addition to the TDS of the water used.
Base on: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater recommended by APHA : American Public Health Association, AWWA : American Water Works Associaton and WPCF : Water
Pollution Control Federation
2. Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment No. 5 B.E. 2539(1996) issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E.2535 (1992) andNotification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment No. 6, B.E. 2539(1996) issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E.2535 (1992) wasrevoked by a)Source: a) Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment : Housing Estate Standards dated November 7, B.E. 2548 (2005) published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 122
Part 125 D, dated December 29, B.E. 2548 (2005)b) Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act. dated November 7, B.E. 2548 (2005)
published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 122 Part 125 D, dated December 29, B.E. 2548 (2005)

Thank You