Standardization of onon-site treatment
in China

Dr. Meixue Cheng Guo
Dr. Xuesong
North Center for Rural Wastewater Treatment Technology Research
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, China
Nov. 20,2013

standards of onon--site wastewater treatment

Domestic wastewater treatment rate in 2011year
100Treatment raate %

90
80

town

70

township60

village

50
40
30
20
100Up to the and of 2010, 22.9% of domestic wastewater from towns andvillages

Situation•••

Lack of knowledge of decentralized systems
Lack of longlong-term operation data
Management needed– systems are a costcost-effective and long
long--term option
for meeting public health and water quality goals– Who is responsible? Typically homeowner for
onsite，
onsite，Inadequate methods of needs assessment

Standard system of off
off--site wastewater treatment
Pollution
sourcecontrol

Collection
andtransport

SewageTreatment

Reuse

Detection/evaluation/management

Standard system of onon--site wastewater treatment
Technique code for village rehabilitation (GB(GB-5044550445-2008)
Technical specification of wastewater engineering for town andvillage (CJJ124(CJJ124-2008)
Technical Specification
pof wastewater treatment facilities for villageg(CJJ/T163--2011)(CJJ/T163
Complete equipment for domestic wastewater plant (CJ/T 355355--20102010))
Technical guide for rural domestic wastewater treatment in different
regions

Technical Specification of wastewater treatment
facilities for village(CJJ/T163--2011)(CJJ/T163Main models of on‐site wastewater
treatment in China

Main contents
How to choose the suitable technology for rural area?
area?
1 Generall provisionsii
2 Terms and symbols
3 General requirement
4 Treatment technologies•••••••••

Anaerobic biofilm tank
Biological contact oxidation tank
Biologicalg
aeration filter
Oxidation ditch
Rotating biological contactor
Activated‐sludge process
Ecologicalg
treatment of wastewater
Chemical phosphorus removal
Disinfection•••

Wastewater treatment station for COD removal
Wastewater treatment station for nitrogen removal
Wastewater treatment station for nitrogen and phosphorus removal

5 Wastewater treatment facilities in village
6 Wastewater treatment station in village

7 Construction and acceptance of engineering quality

主要内容
Main contents
Discharged standard：
standard：

Items

Grade IA

Grade IB

Grade IIg Discharge

CODTN
T‐N
NH4‐N50155(8)60
208(15)100‐25(30)

T‐P

0.5

13

 ReuseUnit: mg/L

Technical guide for rural domestic wastewater
treatment in different regions

Technical guide for rural domestic wastewater
treatment in different regions

东北华北
西北
华南
西南中南

Technical guide for rural domestic wastewater
treatment in different regions

Wastewater in different regions
Domestic water use（L/L/P.dayP.day））
Types of village

Northeast

North southNorthWest northWest southSouth

80‐13590～200100~14575～14080-160100～18040‐90

80～100

40~80

50～90

60-12060～120Normal economic ,simple toilet

40‐70

60～90

30~50

30～60

40-80

50～80

No flush toilet

20‐40

40～70

20~40

20～35

20-50

40～60

Good economic，bath ,flush
toilet ,wash mashine
Good economic, bath andkit hkitchen

Charactics of wastewater（mg/Lmg/L））
主要指标

COD

BOD5

NH4+‐NTP

100-400

50-3003-50

1.0-6.0

150-200

200-450200-300

20-90

2.0-6.5

65 85
6.5~8.5

100~200

70～300150~45020~50

1.5~6.0

6.5~8.0100~200

200~450200~300

20~90

2.0~6.5

West north

6.5～8.0150～200

150～400

100～150

20～50

South

6.5~8.5

100~200

100~30060~150

20~80West south
Northeast
North south
NorthpHSS

6.5~8.5

100-300

6.5-8.0

2.0～6.0
2.0
6.0
2.0~7.0

Technical guide for rural domestic wastewater
treatment in different regions
Northeast: septic tanks, anaerobic biofilter, bio‐contact oxidation tank, land
treatment, constructed wetlands, lagoon
North China : septic tanks, sewage digesters, aeration tank, sequencing batch bio‐reactor oxidation ditch,
reactor,ditch biological contact oxidation , constructed wetlands,
wetlands land
treatment
p tank, anaerobic digesters,
gNorthwest ::septic
anaerobic biofilter, constructedwetlands, land treatment..
tanks wetland,
wetland land treatment,
treatment anaerobic technology,
technology bio‐
bio
Southwest: septic tanks,
contact oxidation tank, oxidation ditch, anaerobic biofilter
Middle south:
south septic tanks bio‐contact oxidation, oxidation ditch, constuctedwetland, lagoon, floating islands could be applied for sewage treatment.
southeast: septic tank, anaerobic biofilter, anaerobic digesters; biological contactoxidation tank, oxidation ditch, constructed wetlands, ecological filter.

• Complete equipment for domestic wastewater plant(CJ/T 355355-20102010))• Household sewage
g treatment pplant

Main contents
Less than 50 M3/day Facilities• Discharge:
Biofilm• Reuse
Reuse：：
MBR

Less than 2M3/day Facilities

Technologies

PG

1

Anaerobic +biofilm

√

——

2

AnoxicAi oxici biofilm
bi filAnaerobic digestion
Anoxic/ anaerobic
biofilm

√
——

——
√——

√

3
4

Challenges and futureChallenges and future
The standards of rural sewage drainage currently follow a uniform urban
sewage treatment plant emission standard. However, attaining these urban
standards is difficult usingg rural technologies
g and is unrealistic based on theeconomic potential of rural areas. Thus, rural characteristics must be taken
into account when developing new sewage, drainage and water quality
standards. Furthermore, whether effluent from sewage facilities is reused for
irrigation or discharged into surrounding water bodies, it must meet a certain
quality standard. There should be an emphasis on reusing effluent for moresustainable sewage treatment practices in Chinese villages.
In rural areas, there is a lack of supervision in sewage treatment facilities,resulting in operational problems and poor implementation of treatments suchthat facilities are running at a lower standard than is expected. We
recommended identifying the appropriate regulatory authorities to be
responsible for daily testing of water quality in sewage treatment facilities.
Surface water bodies in rural areas are the main source of water for the
livelihood of villagers. However, these water bodies are also used for thedischarge of sewage, so sanitation must be monitored for the health of villagers
g from ruraland the environment. Lack of disinfection of effluent discharged
sewage treatments could cause the spread of potentially dangerous pathogens,therefore, suitable disinfection processes must be applied in the rural sewage
treatment process.

Thanks for your attention!