1

Current Activities on Domestic Wastewater
Treatment in Yangon City, Myanmar

19th September, 2018

Mr. Thein Min, Deputy Head of Department, Water & Sanitation
Department, Yangon City Development Committee

Contents2

Institutional Framework of Sanitation Management



Sanitation Situation of Main Institutions in Myanmar

Responsibilities of YCDC for Sanitation Service

Current Operation and Maintenance Works

Laws and Institutions Related to Water and Sanitation Sectors

Current Sanitation Management

Master Plan for Future

Conclusion

Institutional Framework of Sanitation Management
Organization Chart of Yangon Region Government

Organization Chart of Yangon City Development Committee
Mayor(Chairman ofYCDC)
Secretary
Joint Secretary
Committee Member 4Committee Member 5

The Administration
Department

Budget & Accounts
Department

Work Inspection
Department

Co-ordination
Department

Assessors'
Department

Veterinary &Slaughter House
Department

Pollution Control &Cleansing
Department

Engineering
Department(Roads & Bridges)

Engineering
Department(Buildings)

Engineering
Department(Water & Sanitation)

Motor Transport &Workshop
Department

Central Stores
Department

Playgrounds, Parks& Gardens
Department

Security &Disciplinary
Department

City Planning andLand Administration
Department

Health Department

Public Relations
and Information
Department

Production
DepartmentCommittee Office

Revenue Department Markets Department

Institutional Framework of Sanitation Management
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF EDWS
4

Institutional Framework of Sanitation Management
Current Legal and Institutional Framework
NoUnion Level

Department
Department of Human Settlement and1

Ministry of Construction

Housing Development
Public Works Management Board

2

Ministry of environmental

Environmenta Conservationconservation and forestry

Department

Macro Institutional
Level

Department of Health, foods and Drugs
34

Ministry of Health

Ministry of Agriculture andAdministration

Water resources utilization

Irrigation
5

Ministry of Social Welfare,

Department of Relief and Resettlement

Relief and Resettlement
678

Ministry of FinanceBudget Department

Ministry of Transport andDepartment of Integrated Water

Communication

ResourcesManagement

Ministry of Commerce

Foreign Economic Relation Department

Meso Institutional
Level

Micro Institutional
Level

Sanitation Situation of Main Institutions in Myanmar
Organization
Name
Nay Pyi Taw
Development
Committee

No. ofTown
ships

8

EstimatedPopulation(Million)% improved
Sanitation

0.924

1%(10000capita)

5.5

Total 7.0%
including 4.3% ofSewerage
System( about
250000capita)

Yangon CityDevelopment
Committee

33

Mandalay CityDevelopment
Committee
Department ofDevelopment
Affairs62832.498

49.455

NilNilType of Sanitation Facilities Used
Septic tank system, Pit Latrine
A wastewater treatment plant
A sewage system, Septic tank system,ABF, Johkasou, MBR, Septic System with
up-flow filtration, waste water
treatment plant, an industrial
wastewater treatment plant

Septic tank system, Pit Latrine,
Oxidation Pond System
Future Plan of WWTP (ADB project)
Septic tank system, Pit Latrine withslab, others

Sanitation Situation of Main Institutions in Yangon
Categorized into six different types system.

TYPE

SERVICE COVERAGE (%) 2011(Estimation by JICA Study Team)

1. Conventional sewerage

4.3

2. Septic tank system

22.9

3. Pour flush system

31.5

4. Fly proof latrine

25.3

5. Unsanitary & latrine

15.8

6. No latrine

0.2

Responsibilities of YCDC for Sanitation Service
 Supervision on individual Septic Tanks with Soak-pit and Up-flow filter
media alone in accordance with the YCDC requirement
 Soak pits used for the disposal of Septic Tank effluent and located at
the required distance from the surface wells and some are overflow
to public drain.
 All of the onsite treatment and small scale WWTP design isapproved and controlled by YCDC and CQHP.
 Digested sludge accumulated in the tank is desludged by vacuumtanks and disposed at CDB Wastewater Treatment Plant.
 High rise building, multi-storeyed buildings, hotels, Condominium,hospital, shopping complex, multiple or single unit residential Building
use “Activated Sludge Treatment System such as CAS, MBBR, MBR andJOHKASOU.
 For on-site treatment of its wastewater before discharging theeffluent into the YCDC public drains, measure taken by YCDC tocontrol the polluting load of wastewater which is finally discharged
into Yangon RiverResponsibilities of YCDC for Sanitation Service
Conventional sewerage System (In CBD)
7

Responsibilities of YCDC for Sanitation Service
Conventional sewerage System (In CBD)Current Operation and Maintenance Works
9(a) Yearly repairs are to be done and used for (128) years old of ejectors Due tonot available for spare parts of ejector, ejector are repaired with locallyinvented spare parts(b) Need to lift for sinking of Manholes and falling of Retaining Walls(c) Need to lift for Manholes in the lane behind house(d) Change of Manholes’ covers on Road with new one(e) Change of Manholes’ covers in the lane behind house with new one(f) Being disposed garbage and refuse in the lane(g) More and more blockage of the sewers and out of function of ejectors due todisposal of not only human wastes but also plastic and rubber materials(h) Clearing of sewer line and desludging is frequently needed(i) Inspection work for possibility of blockage and fitness of Main sewers are tobe doneLaws and Institutions Related to Water & Sanitation
List of Myanmar ’s Laws Related to Water and Sanitation Management
Name & Sectors

Relative Fields

The essential Supplies and Service Act,1947

Provisions for regulation water supply and environmental
sanitation in rural areas, to “maintain service essential to thelife of the community, if essential

The Yangon Water- works Act-1885

Prohibiting on the pollution of water works in the city ofYangon

The city of Yangon municipal act, 1922 (The law
Amending the city of Yangon Municipal Act,1941)

Provisions relating to environmental sanitation, pollution ofair and water and public health.

The underground water act,1930

Prohibitions on accessing and using underground water
without license

The city Yangon development law, 1990
( Amended in 1995 and 1996)

Provisions relating to environmental sanitation , pollution of
air and water, and public health

The development committee law,1993

Provisions relating to environmental sanitation, pollution andwater, and public health

The Mandalay City Development law,1992

Provisions relating to environmental sanitation , pollution of
air and water, and public health

Yangon City Development Law, 2013( Amended in2014)

Provisions relating to environmental sanitation , pollution of
air and water, and public healthLaws and Institution Related to Water & Sanitation
Institutions in Myanmar Working on Water Related Issues
AgencyFunctions

Department of Meteorology and Hydrology

Water Assessment of major rivers Data Collection and analysis

Directorate of Water Resources andImprovement of River Systems

Ensuring safe navigation on rivers and creeks; protecting the river systems for thebeneficial utilization of the public, monitoring of water quality river training, riverdredging, navigation, river bank protection and river water quality monitoring

Irrigation and Water Utilization
Management Department

Provision of irrigation water to farmland, and monitoring of water quality irrigationwater supply, construction, operation and maintenance of irrigation dams and flood
protection embankments, agriculture water quality monitoring.

Pump Irrigation and rural water supply
Forest Department

Reforestation and Conservation of Forests

Environmental conservation Department

Environmental conservation and management

Department of Hydroelectric Power

Hydropower Generation

Factories

Industrial use, water treatment

Myanmar Fishery Enterprise

Fishery works, monitoring and controlling water body

Department of Rural Development

Domestic and rural water supply and sanitation

Department of Health

Environmental Health, Water quality assessment and control, monitoring water quality

Department of Human Settlement andHousing Development

Domestic water supply

City Development committees

City water supply and sanitation, water conservation and protection works

Myanmar Engineering Society

Water resources management related activities, especially consultation

Technology University

Training and ResearchTownship level

Organizing water needs, conservancy needs

Current Sanitation Management (Decentralized Wastewater
Treatment System in Sub-Urban Area)


Septic tank system (Residential Building)Septic tank with upflow system (High-Rise Building)Current Sanitation Management(Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System) High-Rise Building(BORDA) Decentralization Wastewater Treatment System (7mᵌ/day) at B.E.H.S (1)Tamwe, Yangon

Location – YCDC Officer Housing-Membrane Bio-Reactor System (30mᵌ/day, 38mᵌ/day)Current Sanitation Management(Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System) High-Rise Building

Johkasou•

Location: Mahabandoola Park•

Capacity: Max 5m³/day•

Location: Night Market (Merchant Road)•Capacity: Max 20m³/day

Current Sanitation Management
Operation and Maintenance Training for Johkasou

Current Sanitation Management (Johkasou Utilization in Yangon)

Current Sanitation Management (Decentralized Wastewater
Treatment System by Johkasou in Yangon-1)
High Residential Buildings

Hospital (Health Care Center)

Factories (Industrial Use)

Public Recreation Center

Current Sanitation Management (Decentralized Wastewater
Treatment System by Johkasou in Yangon-2)
Cooperate Social Responsibility

Master Plan for Future
Master Plan for Wastewater Treatment Plant & Sewerage System(2040 - Greater Yangon)

Core Area
Sewerage System is to be Provided by
2040 Covering 25 Townships

Sewerage Zones

Index

2011

2040ServicePopulation

0.22 million(4.3 % of YCDCArea)

4.2 million(49 % of YCDCArea)

Wastewater
Flow

2,300 m3/day
Ref.
Existing Treatment
Capacity:
14,7753m /day

1,410,000m3/day

Conclusion Need to promote public awareness on waste disposal and management
 Need strong policy effectiveness Extension the decentralized wastewater treatment utilization andsustainable to practice as the habitual action

 Need more financial support from both local and international institution
 Need active participation of all stakeholders in waste disposal andmanagement
 Need technical transfer in operation and maintenance for better
waste treatment and management system

 Insufficient investment in preventive health care Supervision on decentralized wastewater treatment systems in Yangon Cityby EDWS

Thank You Very Much

Thank you