ᐔᚑ㧞㧠ᐕᐲో ቇ ᢎ ⢒ ⑼ ⋡㜞ᐕᰴጁୃߩߚ߼ߩᚻᒁ߈
㧙᝼ᬺᤨ㑆ഀ࡮᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐ╬㧙ၮ ᐙ ᢎ ⢒ 㒮Ü Ⴘ ഏ Üí μ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋᅹႸƷ᭗࠰ഏ‫̲ޗ‬ƴƭƍƯᲫᲨμ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋƱ᭗࠰ഏ‫ ̲ޗ‬ääääääääääääääääᲫᲬᲨ᭗࠰ഏ‫ݣ̲ޗ‬ᝋᅹႸ äääääääääääääääääᲫᲭᲨ᭗࠰ഏ૙᫱ᅹႸƷႸႎƱႸ೅ äääääääääääääᲫî μ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋƷ‫࠰ܖ‬ୣȷ‫̲ޗ‬ႇ᥵ሁǹǱǸȥȸȫȷ੉ಅଐᆉ
ᲫᲨμ‫ܖ‬૙Ꮛ‫࠰ܖ‬ୣ äääääääääääääääääääᲭᲬᲨμ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋᅹႸƷ‫̲ޗ‬ႇ᥵ȷᚾ᬴ȷ঺ጚǹǱǸȥȸȫ äääᲮᲭᲨμ‫ܖ‬૙Ꮛ੉ಅଐᆉ ääääääääääääääääääᲯï ᭗࠰ഏ‫ݣ̲ޗ‬ᝋᅹႸ੉ಅ଺᧓лᲫᲨ᭗࠰ഏ‫̲ޗ‬μ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋᅹႸ଺᧓л ääääääääääääᲱᲬᲨዮӳᅹႸᲢသ‫ܖ‬ဃǻȳǿȸ᧏ᜒᅹႸᲣ଺᧓л ääääääᲳð ᭗࠰ഏ‫ݣ̲ޗ‬ᝋᅹႸ੉ಅಒᙲ

ᲫᲨ᭗࠰ഏ૙᫱ᅹႸ äääääääääääääääääää  C ᛢ᫆ᅹႸ ääääääääääääääääääää  D ɼ᫆ᅹႸ ääääääääääääääääääää  E ᅈ˟ᡲઃᅹႸ ääääääääääääääääää ᲬᲨዮӳᅹႸᲢသ‫ܖ‬ဃǻȳǿȸ᧏ᜒᅹႸᲣääääääääää ᲭᲨᚕᛖ૨҄ᐯဌᢠ৸ᅹႸ ääääääääääääääää ᲮᲨͤࡍȷǹȝȸȄᅹ‫ܖ‬ᅹႸ äääääääääääääää ñ ᅹႸƷᛠஆƴƭƍƯᲢ࠯঺  ࠰ࡇˌЭλ‫ܖ‬ᎍ‫ݣ‬ᝋᲣää èž᭗࠰ഏ‫̲ޗ‬ƷƨǊƷ৖ࡽƖſƱƋǘƤƯᲦžǷȩȐǹſưӲ੉ಅƷφ˳ႎƳऴ‫إ‬ǛӋༀƠ˴ǛƲƷǑƏƴ‫ܖ‬ƿƔǛྸᚐƢǔǑƏƴƠƯƘƩƞƍŵ ǷȩȐǹ JVVRU[NNCDWUM[WUJWWCELRΣ㧚ోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩ㜞ᐕᰴጁୃߦߟ޿ߡ ᲫᲨμ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋƱ᭗࠰ഏ‫̲ޗ‬ ోቇᢎ⢒ߪ㧘ᧄቇߩ✚วᄢቇߣߒߡߩ․ᕈࠍᢎ⢒ᯏ⢻ߦ↢߆ߒ㧘ఝࠇߚቇㇱᢎ⢒ࠍታᣉߔࠆߚ߼ߦ⸳ߌࠄࠇߚ߽ߩ
ߢߔ‫ߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩቇㇱ߇ߘߩቇㇱ⁛⥄ߩኾ᡹ᢎ⢒ࠍⴕ߁ߩߣߪ೎ߦ㧘ᧄቇ߇ᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߐ߹ߑ߹ߥಽ㊁ߩኾ㐷⎇ⓥ⠪ߩᢎ⢒⢻ജࠍ✚ว⊛ߦ↢߆ߔߎߣߦࠃߞߡ⾰ߩ㜞޿ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍታᣉߒ㧘ߘࠇߦࠃߞߡఝࠇߚੱ᧚ࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍ⿰ᣦߣߒߡ⸳ߌࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ోޕ‬ቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߪ㧘ኾ᡹ᢎ⢒ߣߩ᦭ᯏ⊛ㅪ㑐ߩ߽ߣߢ㧘㧠ᐕ㧔㧢ᐕ㧕৻⽾ߩⷞὐߦߚߞߡ✬ᚑߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬㧘ోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߪૐᐕᰴߛߌߢߥߊ㜞ᐕᰴߦ߅޿ߡ߽ጁୃߔࠆߎ
ߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ᲬᲨ᭗࠰ഏ‫ݣ̲ޗ‬ᝋᅹႸᲢᲫᲣ‫ݣ‬ᝋᅹႸਥߦ㧟ᐕᰴએ㒠ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡ߦߪᰴߩ⑼⋡⟲߇޽ࠅ㧘▫ፒ࡮∛㒮࡮ᄢᯅ࡮દㇺߩฦ࿾඙ߢ㐿⻠ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ԙ㜞ᐕᰴᢎ㙃⑼⋡    ⺖㗴⑼⋡ਥ㗴⑼⋡  ␠ળㅪ៤⑼⋡ԙ✚ว⑼⋡㧔⇐ቇ↢࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐿⻠⑼⋡㧕Ԛ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡ԛஜᐽ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷⑼ቇ⑼⋡ᲢᲬᲣ଺᧓л㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡ߩ⑼⋡ฬ࡮ᢎຬฬ࡮ᦐᣣᤨ㒢࡮㐿⻠࿾඙࡮ᢎቶ╬ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘㧣㨪㧥ࡍ࡯ࠫߩᤨ㑆ഀ╬ࠍෳᾖߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߩᤨ㑆ഀߪ㧘દㇺ࿾඙౏↪ឝ␜᧼෸߮ฦቇㇱߩឝ␜᧼ߦឝ␜ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᲢᲭᲣ̲ࢽҥˮ㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡ߢୃᓧߒߚන૏ߪ㧘✚วㆬᛯጁୃᣇᑼߩන૏ߦలߡࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬    ߥ߅㧘㧝࡮㧞ᐕᰴ㧔ૐᐕᰴ㧕ߦ㧘ฦ࿾඙ߢ㐿⻠ߐࠇࠆ㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡ࠍጁୃߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ᲭᲨ᭗࠰ഏ૙᫱ᅹႸƷႸႎƱႸ೅ቇㇱኾ᡹ᢎ⢒ࠍਥ૕ߣߔࠆ㜞ᐕᰴߩୃቇ⺖⒟ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘એਅߩߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚఝࠇߚੱ᧚ߩ⢒ᚑࠍ߅ߎߥ߁ߚ߼
ߦ㜞ᐕᰴᢎ㙃⑼⋡ࠍឭଏߒ㧘✚วㆬᛯጁୃᣇᑼߦࠃࠆጁୃߩផㅴࠍ࿑ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
㧔C㧕⃻ઍ␠ળߩ⋥㕙ߔࠆ⺖㗴ࠍ⹺⼂ߒߘߩ⸃᳿ߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ␠ળᕈࠍୃᓧߔࠆ
㧔D㧕ᮮᢿ⊛ߥቇ໧㗔ၞ߳ߩℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼✚ว⊛ߥ್ᢿജࠍ߽ߟੱ㑆ᕈࠍୃᓧߔࠆ
㧔E㧕ኾ㐷ᕈߦ㑐ㅪߒߚ๟ㄝቇ໧㗔ၞߦ㑐ߔࠆℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼⾰ߩ㜞޿ኾ㐷ᕈࠍୃᓧߔࠆ
ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥಽ㊁ߩኾ㐷⎇ⓥ⠪ߩᢎ⢒⢻ജࠍ✚ว⊛ߦ↢߆ߔߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘⾰ߩ㜞޿ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍታᣉߒ㧘ߘࠇߦࠃߞ
ߡఝࠇߚੱ᧚ࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Σ㧚ోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩ㜞ᐕᰴጁୃߦߟ޿ߡ

ᲢǤᲣᛢ᫆ᅹႸ ࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ൻ߇ㅴ߻⃻ઍ␠ળߦ߅޿ߡ⋥㕙ߔࠆ᭽‫⺖ߥޘ‬㗴ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇޽ࠅ㧘ߘࠇࠄࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ
ߤߩࠃ߁ߥታ〣⊛ข⚵߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߩ✚ว⊛ߥℂ⸃ࠍୃᓧߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ⺖㗴⑼⋡Σ㧔࿾ၞ⎇ⓥ㧕    㧛 ⺖㗴⑼⋡Τ㧔ੱ㑆ߣ␠ળ㧕 㧛 ⺖㗴⑼⋡Υ㧔వ┵⑼ቇᛛⴚ㧕⺖㗴⑼⋡Φ㧔⾗Ḯ࡮ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㧕㧛 ⺖㗴⑼⋡Χ㧔ⅣႺ࡮↢๮㧕ᲢȭᲣɼ᫆ᅹႸ ⃻ઍ␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆੱᢥ⑼ቇ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇಽ㊁ߩᛴ߃ࠆ⻉໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘࠹࡯ࡑᲤߦ✚ว⊛ߥℂ⸃ࠍୃᓧߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᢥ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Σ㧔ືቇߣᕁᗐ㧕㧛 ᢥ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Τ㧔ᢥቇߣ⧓ⴚ㧕㧛 ᢥ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Υ㧔࿾ၞߣᢥൻ㧕ᢥ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Φ㧔ᱧผߣᢥൻ㧕㧛 ᢥ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Χ㧔ᢎ⢒ߣᔃℂ㧕㧛 ᢥ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Ψ㧔᡽ᴦߣᴺ㧕ᢥ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Ω㧔⚻ᷣߣ␠ળ㧕ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Σ㧔↢‛⑼ቇ㧕㧛 ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Τ㧔ᢙቇ㧕  㧛 ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Υ㧔‛ℂቇ㧕ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Φ㧔ൻቇ㧕  㧛 ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Χ㧔࿾⃿⑼ቇ㧕㧛 ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Ψ㧔࿑ᒻ⑼ቇ㧕ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Ω㧔ᖱႎ⑼ቇ㧕㧛 ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Ϊ㧔ஜᐽ⑼ቇ㧕ᲢȏᲣᅈ˟ᡲઃᅹႸ ␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆᏒ᳃ߣߒߡߩ␠ળㅪ៤ᵴേߩᗧ⟵ࠍℂ⸃ߒ㧘␠ળ߳ߩ㑐ᔃࠍ㜞߼⥄Ꮖߩ␠ળ⊛૏⟎ߠߌࠍ⹺⼂ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆୃቇᵴേߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍౣ⹺⼂ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ቇ໧ߣ␠ળߣߩ㑐ࠊࠅߦߟ޿ߡߩ⍮⷗ࠍᷓ߼㧘ቇ↢ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߩ⋡⊛ᗧ⼂ࠍ⏕┙ߐߖࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕᵴേΣ 㧛 ࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕᵴേΤ 㧛 ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡦࠪ࠶ࡊΣ 㧛 ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡦࠪ࠶ࡊΤΤ㧚ోቇᢎ⢒ߩቇᐕᥲ࡮ጁୃ⊓㍳╬ࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞࡮᝼ᬺᣣ⒟ᲫᲨμ‫ܖ‬૙Ꮛ‫࠰ܖ‬ୣᲢ࠯঺ᲬᲮ࠰ࡇᲣ                              ⴕ      ੐ᦼ        ᣣ஻         ⠨

೨

ᦼ

㐿

ᆎ 㧠᦬㧝ᣣ ᣣ 



ᤐ

ቄ

ભ

ᬺ 㧠᦬㧝ᣣ ᣣ 㨪㧠᦬㧤ᣣ ᣣ ਻Ꮊᄢቇቇㇱㅢೣ╙㧢᧦╙㧝㗄ߩⷙቯߦࠃࠆભᬺᣣቇ ↢ ቯ ᦼ ஜ ᐽ ⸻ ᢿ 㧠᦬㧞ᣣ ᦬ 㧘㧠᦬㧟ᣣ Ἣ 㧘㧠᦬㧢ᣣ ㊄㧞ᐕ↢ ోຬ ߩታᣉᣣ
㧠᦬ᣣ Ἣ 㧘㧠᦬ᣣ ᳓ 㧠᦬ᣣ ㊄ 㧘㧠᦬ᣣ Ἣ 㧠᦬ᣣ ᧁ  ౉㧝ᐕ↢ ోຬ ߩታᣉᣣቇᑼ 㧠᦬㧠ᣣ ᳓ ᣂ ౉ ↢ ࠝ ࡝ ࠛ ࡦ ࠹ ࡯ ࠪ ࡚ ࡦ 㧠᦬㧠ᣣ ᳓ 㧠᦬㧡ᣣ ᧁ 㧠᦬㧣ᣣ ࿯  
೨

ᦼ

ᧄ

ቇ

᝼

ᬺ
⸥

㐿

ᆎ 㧠᦬㧥ᣣ ᦬ ᔨᣣ 㧡᦬ᣣ ㊄ ഃ ┙ ⊖ ๟ ᐕ ⸥ ᔨ 㑐 ㅪ ⴕ ੐ 㧡᦬ᣣ ࿯ 㨪㧡᦬ᣣ ᦬ ഃ ┙ ⊖ ๟ ᐕ ⸥ ᔨ ભ ᬺ ᣣ 㧡᦬ᣣ ᦬ ਻Ꮊᄢቇቇㇱㅢೣ╙㧢᧦╙㧞㗄ߩⷙቯߦࠃࠆભᬺᣣ

೨

ᦼ

᝼

ᬺ

⚳

ੌ 㧣᦬ᣣ ㊄ 



೨

ᦼ

ቯ

ᦼ

⹜

㛎 㧣᦬ᣣ ᦬ 㨪㧤᦬㧟ᣣ ㊄ ೨ᦼቯᦼ⹜㛎ߦଥࠆㅊ⹜㛎╬ 㧤᦬㧢ᣣ ᦬ 㨪㧤᦬ᣣ ㊄ 



ᄐ

ቄ

ભ

ᬺ 㧤᦬ᣣ ࿯ 㨪㧥᦬ᣣ ᣣ ਻Ꮊᄢቇቇㇱㅢೣ╙㧢᧦╙㧝㗄ߩⷙቯߦࠃࠆભᬺᣣ

೨

ᦼ

⚳

ੌ 㧥᦬ᣣ ᣣ 



ᓟ

ᦼ

㐿

ᆎ ᦬㧝ᣣ ᦬ ᆎ ᦬㧝ᣣ ᦬ 



ᓟ

ᦼ

᝼

ᬺ

㐿

૕

⢒

⑂ ᦬㧢ᣣ ࿯ 



਻

ᄢ

⑂ ᦬ᣣ ㊄ 㧘᦬ᣣ ᦬ ਻Ꮊᄢቇቇㇱㅢೣ╙㧢᧦╙㧞㗄ߩⷙቯߦࠃࠆભᬺᣣ౻   ቄ   ભ   ᬺ ᦬ᣣ ᳓ 㨪㧝᦬㧢ᣣ ᣣ ਻Ꮊᄢቇቇㇱㅢೣ╙㧢᧦╙㧝㗄ߩⷙቯߦࠃࠆભᬺᣣ౻ ቄ ભ ᬺ ᓟ ߩ ᝼ ᬺ 㐿 ᆎ 㧝᦬㧣ᣣ ᦬㧕ᄢ ቇ ౉ ⹜ ࠮ ࡦ ࠲ ࡯ ⹜ 㛎 㧝᦬ᣣ ࿯ 㧘ᣣ ᣣ 



ᓟ

ᦼ

᝼

ᬺ

⚳

ੌ 㧞᦬㧝ᣣ ㊄ 



ᓟ

ᦼ

ቯ

ᦼ

⹜

㛎 㧞᦬㧠ᣣ ᦬ 㨪㧞᦬㧤ᣣ ㊄ ᓟᦼቯᦼ⹜㛎ߦଥࠆㅊ⹜㛎╬ 㧞᦬ᣣ Ἣ 㨪㧞᦬ᣣ ᦬ ৻ ⥸ ౉ ⹜ 㧔 ೨ ᦼ ᣣ ⒟ 㧕 㧞᦬ᣣ ᦬ ᣣ Ἣ ৻ ⥸ ౉ ⹜ 㧔 ᓟ ᦼ ᣣ ⒟ 㧕 㧟᦬ᣣ Ἣ 
ቇ
ᓟ

૏

⸥
ᦼ

᝼
⚳

ਈ

ᑼ 㧟᦬ᣣ Ἣ ੌ 㧟᦬ᣣ ᣣ  ᵈ ਻ᄢ⑂ߦߟ޿ߡߪભᬺᣣࠍ⴫␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ㧘ᦼ㑆ࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿㨫Τ㧚ోቇᢎ⢒ߩቇᐕᥲ࡮ጁୃ⊓㍳╬ࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞࡮᝼ᬺᣣ⒟ᲬᲨμ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋᅹႸƷ‫̲ޗ‬ႇ᥵ȷᚾ᬴ȷ঺ጚǹǱǸȥȸȫᲢʖ‫ܭ‬Უ䇼╙䋱ㅳ⋡䇽㩷

೨ᦼ  ᦬  ᣣ ᦬ 㨪 ᦬  ᣣ ㊄  ฃ⻠⸵นࠍࠍᓟᦼ  ᦬  ᣣ ᦬ 㨪᦬  ᣣ ㊄  ฃߌࠆ㩷㩷䇼╙䋲ㅳ⋡䇽㩷
㩷㩷䇼╙䋴ㅳ⋡䇽㩷೨ᦼ  ᦬  ᣣ ᦬ 㨪  ᦬  ᣣ ㊄ ጁୃ⊓㍳ᓟᦼ  ᦬  ᣣ Ἣ 㨪᦬  ᣣ ᦬  ೨ᦼ  ᦬  ᣣ ᦬ 㨪 ᦬  ᣣ ㊄ ᓟᦼ  ᦬  ᣣ ᦬ 㨪᦬ ᣣ ㊄ ቇ↢↪㨃㨑㨎ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢጁୃ⊓㍳ౝኈࠍጁୃ⏕⹺࡮ୃᱜ ⏕⹺ߒ㧘ᄌᦝ߇޽ࠇ߫ቇ↢↪㨃㨑㨎ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢୃᱜ‫ޕ‬ ᦼ㑆ᄖߩጁୃᄌᦝਇน‫ޕ‬೨ᦼ  ᦬  ᣣ ᦬ 㨪 ᦬  ᣣ ㊄ ᦨ⚳⏕⹺ᓟᦼ  ᦬ ᣣ ᦬ 㨪᦬  ᣣ ㊄  㩷㩷䇼╙䋷ㅳ⋡䇽㩷㩷㩷䇼╙ 㪈㪍 ㅳ⋡䇽㩷㩷೨ᦼ  ᦬  ᣣ ᦬ 㨪  ᦬  ᣣ ㊄ ᓟᦼ  ᦬  ᣣ ᦬ 㨪  ᦬  ᣣ ㊄ጁୃ⊓㍳ౝኈࠍ⏕⹺ߒ㧘ᄌᦝ߇޽ࠇ߫⓹ญߦ↳⺧ ጁୃ⊓㍳⏕ቯ‫ࠇߎޕ‬એᓟߩᄌᦝߪේೣਇน‫ޕ‬೨ᦼ  ᦬  ᣣ ᦬ 㨪 ᦬  ᣣ ㊄ ᓟᦼ  ᦬  ᣣ ᦬ 㨪᦬  ᣣ ㊄ ቇ↢↪㨃㨑㨎ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢጁୃ⊓㍳㧔ᦼ㑆෩቞㧕‫ޕ‬ ᦼ㑆ᄖߩጁୃ⊓㍳ਇน‫ޕ‬㩷㩷䇼╙䋶ㅳ⋡䇽㩷

ฃ⻠⑼⋡ࠍㆬᛯߒߡ㧘᝼ᬺᜂᒰᢎຬߦฃ
⻠⸵นࠍฃߌࠆ‫ޕ‬



ጁୃਛᱛ

ጁୃਛᱛߔࠆ⑼⋡㧔ㆬᛯ⑼⋡෶ߪㆬᛯᔅ
ୃ⑼⋡ߦ㒢ࠆ㧕߇޽ࠇ߫㧘⓹ญߦ↳⺧‫ޕ‬



ᢎ႐⹜㛎

ቯᦼ⹜㛎߇ⴕࠊࠇߕ᝼ᬺਛߩ๔⍮ߦࠃࠅታᣉߐࠇࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⹜㛎ᣣ࡮ታᣉ႐ᚲࠍᱜߒߊᛠី‫ޕ‬





ቯᦼ⹜㛎

ឝ␜ߢฃ㛎਄ߩᵈᗧ੐㗄㧘ታᣉᢎቶࠍ⏕⹺ߒߡฃ㛎‫ޕ‬䇼╙ 㪈㪎 ㅳ⋡䇽㩷ቯᦼ⹜㛎ߩㅊ⹜㛎ߪ㧘∛᳇߿ᔊᒁߦࠃࠅ
ฃ㛎ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ႐วߦ↳⺧ߦࠃࠅฃ㛎น⢻‫⸽ޕ‬᣿ᦠߩឭ಴ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬ㅊ⹜㛎࡮ౣ⺞ᩏቇ⠌೔㆐ᐲౣ⺞ᩏߪᢎຬߩ್ᢿߦࠃࠅᔅ
ⷐߦᔕߓߡታᣉ‫ߩߘޕ‬ኻ⽎⠪╬ߪឝ␜ߢᓟᦼ  ᦬  ᣣ Ἣ 㨪  ᦬  ᣣ ᦬  ㅢ⍮‫ޕ‬೨ᦼ  ᦬  ᣣ ᦬ 㨪  ᦬  ᣣ ㊄ ೨ᦼ  ᦬ਅᣨ㨪 ᦬਄ᣨᓟᦼ  ᦬ਅᣨ㨪 ᦬਄ᣨ





ᚑ❣⏕⹺

㓐ᤨ㧘ቇ↢↪㨃㨑㨎ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢᚑ❣⏕⹺‫ޕ‬ᚑ❣⹏ଔߩ໧޿วࠊߖߪ㧘ᦼ㑆ౝߩߺ‫ޕ‬̪㧝 ᣣ⒟ߪᄌᦝߐࠇࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠅ߹ߔߩߢ㧘ឝ␜ߢ߽⏕⹺ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬̪㧞 ጁୃ⊓㍳╬ߩ⹦⚦ߪឝ␜ߦࠃࠅ߅⍮ࠄߖߒ߹ߔߩߢ㧘દㇺ࿾඙෸߮ฦቇㇱߩឝ␜᧼ߦᵈᗧߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬̪㧟 ኾ᡹ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩጁୃ⊓㍳࡮⹜㛎╬ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ฦቇㇱ㧔ቇ⑼㧕ߩᜰ␜ߦᓥߞߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬‫ޝ‬ጁୃ⊓㍳ߩᵈᗧ੐㗄‫ޞ‬٤ቇ↢↪㨃㨑㨎ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢጁୃ⊓㍳ߔࠆ㓙ߪ㧘ᦐᣣ࡮ᤨ㒢࡮⑼⋡ฬ࡮ᜂᒰᢎຬࠍ⏕⹺ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬٤⊓⊓㍳ṳࠇ߿⊓㍳ࡒࠬߩ⑼⋡ߪ㧘ߚߣ߃᝼ᬺߦ಴Ꮸߒ㧘߆ߟ⹜㛎ࠍฃߌචಽߦቇ⠌ߒߚߣ޿߁ታ❣߇޽ߞߡ߽㧘න૏ߪ⹺ቯߐࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫⊓ޕ‬㍳ṳࠇ߿⊓㍳ࡒࠬ߇ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦጁୃ⏕⹺࡮ୃᱜᦼ㑆෸߮ᦨ⚳⏕⹺ᦼ㑆ߦᔅߕ
⊓㍳ౝኈࠍ⏕⹺ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬٤ጁጁୃ⊓㍳ߔࠆߩߺߢ᝼ᬺߦ಴Ꮸߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߥߤߩ႐วߪ㧘ጁୃ᡼᫈ߣߺߥߐࠇ㧘ᐔᚑ㧝㧥ᐕᐲએ㒠౉ቇ⠪ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޟ‬㧲㧔ਇวᩰ㧕‫⹏ߩޠ‬ଔߦߥࠅ㧘㧳㧼㧭ߦ෻ᤋߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬٤‫ޟ‬ጁୃਛᱛ‫ޠ‬೙ᐲࠍ೑↪ߢ߈ࠆߩߪ㧳㧼㧭߇ㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆᐔᚑ㧝㧥ᐕᐲએ㒠ߩ౉ቇ⠪ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ጁୃਛᱛᦼ㑆⚳ੌᓟߩጁୃਛᱛߪ⹺߼߹ߖࠎ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬㧘ୃቇㅜਛߢ㧘∛᳇߿․೎ߥ੐ᖱ╬ߢୃቇ߇⛮⛯ߢ߈ߥ޿႐วߦߪୃቇᜰዉᢎຬ߹ߚߪ⋧⺣ຬ߆ࠄߩ↳⺧ߦࠃࠅ㧘ጁୃਛᱛࠍ⹺߼ࠆ೙ᐲ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Τ㧚ోቇᢎ⢒ߩቇᐕᥲ࡮ጁୃ⊓㍳╬ࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞࡮᝼ᬺᣣ⒟ᲭᲨμ‫ܖ‬૙Ꮛ੉ಅଐᆉ
ᐔᚑ㧞㧠ᐕᐲ‫ޣ‬೨ᦼ‫ోޓޤ‬ቇᢎ⢒‫ޓ‬᝼ᬺᣣ⒟
᦬

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 ᦬ ೨ᦼ᝼ᬺ㐿ᆎ

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ᲫᲬ

ᲫᲭ  ࿯ 㨪㧔᦬㧕ഃ┙⊖๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ㑐ㅪⴕ੐

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᝼
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ᆎ

᦬ᦐಽ

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஻‫ޓޓޓޓ‬⠨ ᣣ 㨪 ᣣ ᤐቄભᬺ
 ᦬ 㨪 ᧁ ‫ޓ‬ஜᐽ⸻ᢿ‫ߜ߁ޓޓ‬㧝ᐕ↢⹥ᒰᣣ ᦬ 㧘 Ἣ 㧘 ㊄‫ޓޓޓޓ‬㧞ᐕ↢⹥ᒰᣣ Ἣ 㧘 ᳓ 㧘 ㊄Ძ ‫ ޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓ‬Ἣ 㧘 ᧁ ᳓ ౉ቇᑼ ᳓ 㧘 ᧁ 㧘 ࿯ ᣂ౉↢ࠝ࡝ࠛࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦᲲ  ㊄ ᄢቇ㒮౉ቇᑼ ࿯ ᣢୃᓧන૏⹺ቯ⹜㛎

㧝㧤

㧝㧥

㧞㧜

ᲬᲫ

ᲬᲬ  ᳓ ߪ᦬ᦐᣣߩ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁㧝㧢㧞㧟㧞㧠 ‫ ޓ‬㧞㧡㧞㧢㧞㧣 ‫ޓ‬ᲬᲲ

㧝㧣

㧟㧜

㧟㧝 ᦬

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⸘

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㧡

㧤

㧢

Ჰ  Ἣ ߪ᦬ᦐᣣߩ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁
 ㊄ ᧄቇ⸥ᔨᣣ㧔᝼ᬺߪⴕ߁㧕

㧣

ᲬᲳ

㧟

Ხ

Ჯ

㧣 ‫ ޓ‬㧤 ‫ ޓ‬㧥 ‫ ޓ‬㧝㧜

ᲫᲫ

ᲫᲬ

㧝㧣

㧝‫ ޓ‬㧞

‫ޓ‬

㧝㧣

㧝㧣

㧝㧣

 ᦬ ഃ┙⊖๟ᐕ⸥ᔨભᬺᣣ

 ㊄ ೨ᦼ᝼ᬺ⚳ੌ‫ޓ‬ ᦬ 㨪 ㊄ ೨ᦼቯᦼ⹜㛎 ᦬ 㨪 ㊄ ㅊ⹜㛎࡮ౣ⺞ᩏᦼ㑆‫ޓ‬̪ኾ᡹ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩ᝼ᬺᣣ⒟ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ฦቇㇱ㧔ቇ⑼㧕ߩᜰ␜ߦᓥߞߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬Τ㧚ోቇᢎ⢒ߩቇᐕᥲ࡮ጁୃ⊓㍳╬ࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞࡮᝼ᬺᣣ⒟ᐔᚑ㧞㧠ᐕᐲ‫ޣ‬ᓟᦼ‫ోޓޤ‬ቇᢎ⢒‫ޓ‬᝼ᬺᣣ⒟
㧝


᦬

᝼ᬺ㐿ᆎ

᦬

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࿯

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ᲫᲮ

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ᲬᲪ

ᲬᲫ

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㧞㧡

‫ޓ‬
㧞㧢 ‫ ޓ‬ᲬᲱ㧡㧞㧥 ‫ ޓ‬㧟㧜



㧟㧝 ᦬

㧝

㧞

Ჭ
ᲫᲪ

஻‫ޓޓ‬⠨
 ᦬ ᓟᦼ᝼ᬺ㐿ᆎ ࿯ ૕⢒⑂ᲬᲲ ‫ޓ‬
Ხ‫ޓ‬

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ᲫᲱ ųᲫᲲ

㧤

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㧞㧝

㧞㧞

ᲬᲭ

ᲬᲮ ųᲬᲯ  ᦬ ਻ᄢ⑂ߩߚ߼ભᬺ㧥ᲬᲰ㧞㧣 ᦐ 㧞㧤 ‫ ޓ‬㧞㧥

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‫ޓ‬
 ㊄ 㨪 ᦬ ਻ᄢ⑂

㧟㧜 ᦬

Ძ

Წ  ᳓ ߪ᦬ᦐᣣߩ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁

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ᲬᲭ



ᲬᲰ

ᲬᲱ

ᲬᲲ

ᲬᲳ ų ᲭᲪ  Ἣ ᝼ᬺߪⴕࠊߥ޿

ᲭᲫ ᦬

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᦬
ᲫᲮ ᦐ 㧝㧡
ಽ

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ಽ

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ᲫᲳ

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ᲬᲰ

ᲬᲪ  Ἣ ߪ᦬ᦐᣣߩ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁
 ᧁ ߪ㊄ᦐᣣߩ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁ᲬᲱ  ㊄ ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⹜㛎Ḱ஻᝼ᬺߪⴕࠊߥ޿

㧝㧤㧞㧤 ‫ ޓ‬㧞㧥

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

ಽ

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 ᳓ 㨪 ᣣ ౻ቄભᬺ

‫ޓ‬
‫ޓ‬

 ࿯  ᣣ ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⹜㛎 ㊄ ᓟᦼ᝼ᬺ⚳ੌ ᦬ 㨪 ㊄ ᓟᦼቯᦼ⹜㛎

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ᲫᲱ ‫ޓ‬

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⸘

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ቯᦼ⹜㛎ᦼ㑆

 Ἣ 㨪 ᦬ ㅊ⹜㛎࡮ౣ⺞ᩏᦼ㑆‫ޓ‬ㅊ⹜㛎࡮ౣ⺞ᩏᦼ㑆ઁߩᦐᣣߩ᝼ᬺࠍᝄࠅᦧ߃ߡⴕ߁ᣣ
࿯ᦐ࡮ᣣᦐ࡮␸ᣣ෸߮ᧄቇ߇ቯ߼ࠆભᬺᣣ

‫ઁߩߘޓ‬㧘ભ⻠ߣߔࠆᣣ̪ኾ᡹ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩ᝼ᬺᣣ⒟ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ฦቇㇱ㧔ቇ⑼㧕ߩᜰ␜ߦᓥߞߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬Υ㧚㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡᝼ᬺᤨ㑆ഀᲫᲨ᭗࠰ഏ‫̲ޗ‬μ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋᅹႸ଺᧓л㧝㒢㧩㨪㧘㧞㒢㧩㨪㧘㧟㒢㧩㨪㧘㧠㒢㧩㨪㧘㧡㒢㧩㨪

ƂЭų஖ƃ‫ޓ‬㜞ᐕᰴᢎ㙃⑼⋡ᦐᣣ࡮ᤨ㒢 㩄㨺㩎㩨

೽‫ޓ‬㗴

᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ฬ

 ⺖㗴⑼⋡Σ㧔࿾ၞ⎇ⓥ㧕

㧱㨁⺰ၮ␆̆೙ᐲߣ⚻ᷣ

࿾඙

⻠⟵ቶ

᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐ
ឝタ㩗㩩㨺㩆㩨

Ⓑንାඳ‫ઁޓ‬ᢥ♽㧕㧞㧜㧟⻠⟵ቶ



ਛፉᭉ┨

ᢥ♽㧕㧝㧜㧟⻠⟵ቶ ᢥ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Χ㧔ᢎ⢒ߣᔃℂ㧕

୘ੱߣⅣႺߩ⋧੕૞↪ߣߒߡߩ⊒㆐↰᎒⺈৻‫ઁޓ‬ᢥ♽㧕㧝㧜㧠⻠⟵ቶ ᢥ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Ψ㧔᡽ᴦߣᴺ㧕

ೃᴺߩਥⷐ⺰ὐ㊁Ỉ‫ޓ‬ల

ᢥ♽㧕㧞㧜㧞⻠⟵ቶ ᢥ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Ω㧔⚻ᷣߣ␠ળ㧕 ᖱႎᛛⴚߣ⚻ᷣ␠ળ◉㦮ᓆᒾ▫ፒ ᢥ♽㧕㧞㧜㧠⻠⟵ቶ ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Σ㧔↢‛⑼ቇ㧕ࡃࠗࠝ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯⹦⺰ችᧄᢘਭ‫ઁޓ‬ㄘ㧕㧠ภ㙚㧝㧜㧞ᢎቶ ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Υ㧔‛ℂቇ㧕⥄ὼ⑼ቇ᭎⺰

ᯅᧄᱜ┨‫ઁޓ‬ℂ㧕‛ℂ╙㧟⻠⟵ቶ ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Χ㧔࿾⃿⑼ቇ㧕ᶏᵗቇ᭎⺰ᷡᎹ᣽৻‫ઁޓ‬ℂ㧕࿾ᖺ╙㧞⻠⟵ቶ ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Ϊ㧔ஜᐽ⑼ቇ㧕૕㛎ߢቇ߱ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯
࡚ࠪࡦߣᔃߩஜᐽ

౉ᳯᱜᵗ‫ઁޓ‬਎♿੤ᵹࡊ࡜ࠩΣ
⻠⟵ቶ㧮



 ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Τ㧔ᢙቇ㧕

ක≮⛔⸘ቇ

ᄢ༑㓷ᢥ

✚ว⎇ⓥ᫟㧝㧜㧡ภ ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Φ㧔ൻቇ㧕ᣂߒ޿̌ߊߔࠅ̍߳ߩ㆏

ᬀ↰‫ޓ‬ᱜ‫ઁޓ‬⮎㧕╙㧟⻠ၴ

 ⺖㗴⑼⋡Υ㧔వ┵⑼ቇᛛⴚ㧕

Ꮏቇߣ୶ℂ

ਛ㉿౏຦

Ꮏ㧕╙㧠⻠⟵ቶ ⺖㗴⑼⋡Φ㧔⾗Ḯ࡮㨾㩒㩣㩁㩨㨺㧕ⅣႺ⺞๺ဳ␠ળߩ᭴▽ᯅῪஜ৻‫ઁޓ‬દㇺ Ꮏ㧕╙㧟⻠⟵ቶ ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Ω㧔ᖱႎ⑼ቇ㧕⣖ᖱႎ⑼ቇ౉㐷દ⦟⊝໪ᴦ

Ꮏ㧕╙㧞⻠⟵ቶ ⺖㗴⑼⋡Χ㧔ⅣႺ࡮↢๮㧕ࠨࠗࡃ࡯ⓨ㑆࠺ࠩࠗࡦ‐ዦ೰⡡ᄢᯅ ⧓Ꮏ㧕㧡㧝㧝⻠⟵ቶ ᢥ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Φ㧔ᱧผߣᢥൻ㧕 ᳇୥߆ࠄ⷗ߚ᧲ࠕࠫࠕผ

Ἣᦐ࡮㧝㒢

ᜂᒰᢎຬ

 ⺖㗴⑼⋡Τ㧔ੱ㑆ߣ␠ળ㧕ળ␠ߣߪ૗߆㧘⿠ᬺߔࠆߣ
ߪ૗߆ࠍቇ߷߁

ᆗ‫⋉ޓ‬ବ‫ઁޓ‬ ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Υ㧔‛ℂቇ㧕

ᦸ㆙㏜ߢ⷗ࠆቝቮⅣႺ

⮮ේᥓሶ‫ઁޓ‬∛㒮ᣥᎿቇㇱᧄ㙚▫ፒ 㧠⇟⻠⟵ቶ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧝ภ㙚દㇺ 㧝㧟㧜㧤ᢎቶᄢᯅ ⧓㧕㧡㧞㧡⻠⟵ቶ✚ℂᎿ㧱᫟╳⚡ 㧝㧜㧝⻠⟵ቶ਎♿੤ᵹࡊ࡜ࠩΣ▫ፒ ᄙ⋡⊛ࡎ࡯࡞࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧝ภ㙚દㇺ 㧝㧟㧜㧞ᢎቶஜᐽ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷⑼ቇ⑼⋡‫ޓ‬ᦐᣣ࡮ᤨ㒢 㩄㨺㩎㩨᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ฬ り૕ㆇേ⑼ቇታ⠌Υ
Ἣᦐ࡮㧝㒢

⒳⋡╬

ᜂᒰᢎຬ

࿾඙

⻠⟵ቶ╬

✚วࠬࡐ࡯࠷ᄢᩑືᦶ▫ፒ ▫ፒ࿾඙࡮૕⢒ᣉ⸳ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠞ࠹ࠖࡉࠬࡐ࡯࠷᧖ጊ૫↢દㇺ દㇺ࿾඙࡮૕⢒ᣉ⸳ り૕ㆇേ⑼ቇታ⠌Φ り૕ㆇേ⑼ቇታ⠌Υ り૕ㆇേ⑼ቇታ⠌Φų੉ಅಒᙲƱƋǘƤƯᲦžǷȩȐǹſưӲ੉ಅƷᛇኬऴ‫إ‬ǛᄩᛐƠƯ੉ಅƴᐮǜưƘƩƞƍŵ

ǷȩȐǹųJVVRU[NNCDWUM[WUJWWCELR᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐឝタ㩗㩩㨺㩆㩨






Υ㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡᝼ᬺᤨ㑆ഀ㜞ᐕᰴጁୃోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ᤨ㑆ഀƂࢸų஖ƃ㜞ᐕᰴᢎ㙃⑼⋡
ᦐᣣ࡮ᤨ㒢

㩄㨺㩎㩨

೽㗴

᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ฬ

ᜂᒰᢎຬ

⻠⟵ቶ

࿾඙

᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐ
ឝタ㩗㩩㨺㩆㩨

ᷓᎹඳผઁ

ᢥ♽㧕㧞㧜㧟⻠⟵ቶ ᢥ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Τ㧔ᢥቇߣ⧓ⴚ㧕 ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ૏⋧㕍ᧁඳผᢥ♽㧕㧝㧜㧟⻠⟵ቶ ᢥ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Χ㧔ᢎ⢒ߣᔃℂ㧕 ␠ળ↢ᵴߦ߅ߌࠆኻੱ㑐ଥศ⦟቟ਯઁ

ᢥ♽㧕㧝㧜㧠⻠⟵ቶ



᧘ᒄ᧜

▫ፒ ᢥ♽㧕㧞㧜㧞⻠⟵ቶ ᢥ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Ω㧔⚻ᷣߣ␠ળ㧕 Ꮢ႐ߣ࿖ኅߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ㑐Ḯᄥ㇢ᢥ♽㧕㧞㧜㧠⻠⟵ቶ ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Φ㧔ൻቇ㧕

ⅣႺ໧㗴ߣ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ

ศ᧛๺ਭઁ

ℂ㧕ൻቇ╙㧞⻠⟵ቶ‫ޓ‬ ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Ϊ㧔ஜᐽ⑼ቇ㧕ᔕ↪ஜᐽቇਣጊ‫ޓ‬ᔀ‫ઁޓ‬ℂ㧕↢‛╙㧞⻠⟵ቶ‫ޓ‬ ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Σ㧔↢‛⑼ቇ㧕⚦⢩ߩⶄ⵾ߣ⊒↢࡮ಽൻ૒ᣇഞᐘ‫ઁޓ‬∛㒮 ✚ว⎇ⓥ᫟㧝㧜㧡ภ ⺖㗴⑼⋡Χ㧔ⅣႺ࡮↢๮㧕ᣣᧄߩࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࠺ࠩࠗࡦㇺ↲ᐽ⥋ᄢᯅ ⧓Ꮏ㧕㧡㧞㧠⻠⟵ቶ ⺖㗴⑼⋡Φ㧔⾗Ḯ࡮㨾㩒㩣㩁㩨㨺㧕ᰴ਎ઍߩૐ὇⚛ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯

૒‫৻ᧁޘ‬ᚑઁᎿ㧕╙㧢⻠⟵ቶ ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Φ㧔ൻቇ㧕ൻቇ⧷⺆᧻㊁ኼ↢ઁ

Ꮏ㧕╙㧡⻠⟵ቶ ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Ψ㧔࿑ᒻ⑼ቇ㧕࿑ᒻᖱႎಣℂ౉㐷ᄢ᦬ᓀ㚅 ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Ω㧔ᖱႎ⑼ቇ㧕

ᖱႎ⑼ቇߩ਎⇇ฎᎹ‫ޓ‬ᶈઁ

Ꮏ㧕╙㧠⻠⟵ቶ㧙 ⺖㗴⑼⋡Υ㧔వ┵⑼ቇᛛⴚ㧕

Ꮏቇߣ୶ℂ

㥱⮮ੌᢥ

㧔ᧂቯ㧕



 ⺖㗴⑼⋡Σ㧔࿾ၞ⎇ⓥ㧕 ᢥ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Ψ㧔᡽ᴦߣᴺ㧕Ἣᦐ࡮㧝㒢㓸ਛ⻠⟵̪

ࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ൻߣࠕࠫࠕ⚻ᷣ⃻ઍਛ࿖᡽ᴦ⺰ ⺖㗴⑼⋡Τ㧔ੱ㑆ߣ␠ળ㧕ᣣᧄߣ਎⇇ߩ⺖㗴ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ ᆗ‫⋉ޓ‬ବ‫ઁޓ‬ ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡Υ㧔‛ℂቇ㧕

ᦸ㆙㏜ߢ⷗ࠆቝቮⅣႺἫᦐ࡮㧝㒢⮮ේᥓሶ‫ઁޓ‬દㇺ Ꮏ㧕ᖱႎ⻠⟵ቶ㧞ᣥᎿቇㇱᧄ㙚▫ፒ 㧠⇟⻠⟵ቶ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧝ภ㙚દㇺ 㧝㧟㧜㧤ᢎቶᄢᯅ ⧓Ꮏ㧕㧡㧞㧡⻠⟵ቶ✚ℂᎿ㧱᫟╳⚡ 㧝㧜㧝⻠⟵ቶ਎♿੤ᵹࡊ࡜ࠩΣ▫ፒ ᄙ⋡⊛ࡎ࡯࡞࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧝ภ㙚દㇺ 㧝㧟㧜㧞ᢎቶ







̪‫ޣ‬㓸ਛ⻠⟵‫⺖ޤ‬㗴⑼⋡Υ㧔೽㗴㧦Ꮏቇߣ୶ℂ㧕ߩጁୃ⊓㍳ᣇᴺ࡮ᣣ⒟࡮⻠⟵ቶ╬ߦߟ޿ߡߪᓟᣣឝ␜ߢ߅⍮ࠄߖߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㜞ᐕᰴᢎ㙃⑼⋡ 34'%ឭଏ⑼⋡㧕̪
ᦐᣣ࡮ᤨ㒢

㩄㨺㩎㩨

᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ฬ

㓸ਛ⻠⟵

㧙 ⺖㗴⑼⋡Σ㧔࿾ၞ⎇ⓥ㧕೽㗴ࠕࡦ࠻࡟ࡊ࡟࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ࡮
ࡈࠔࠗ࠽ࡦࠬ

ᜂᒰᢎຬ
᧲಴ᶈᢎ

⻠⟵ቶ╬

࿾඙

᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐ
ឝタ㩗㩩㨺㩆㩨

▫ፒ ᧂቯ㧕
ᣥᎿቇㇱᧄ㙚▫ፒ 㧠⇟⻠⟵ቶᓟᦼ೨ඨ㧙 ⺖㗴⑼⋡Τ㧔ੱ㑆ߣ␠ળ㧕㊄ᦐ࡮㧠㧡㒢

࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧝ภ㙚⎇ⓥߣᛛⴚߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻

⼱Ꮉ‫ޓ‬ᔀદㇺ 㧝㧟㧜㧤ᢎቶᄢᯅ ⧓Ꮏ㧕㧡㧞㧡⻠⟵ቶ



✚ℂᎿ㧱᫟

╳⚡ 㧝㧜㧝⻠⟵ቶἫᦐ࡮㧢㧣㒢 㧙 ⺖㗴⑼⋡Υ㧔వ┵⑼ቇᛛⴚ㧕㨪▫ፒ ᧂቯ㧕
ࡆࠫࡀࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ┹੎ఝ૏ᕈ 㜞↰‫ޓ‬ੳ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧝ภ㙚દㇺ 㧝㧟㧜㧞ᢎቶ̪ 㜞ᐕᰴᢎ㙃⑼⋡㧔34'%ឭଏ⑼⋡㧕ߩጁୃ⊓㍳ᣇᴺ࡮ᣣ⒟࡮⻠⟵ቶ╬ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᓟᣣឝ␜ߢ߅⍮ࠄߖߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅㧘‫ޟ‬㧽㧾㧱㧯‫਻ߪޠ‬Ꮊᄢቇࡠࡃ࡯࠻࡮ࡈࠔࡦࠕࡦ࠻࡟ࡊ࡟࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ࡮࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩ⇛⒓ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ஜᐽ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷⑼ቇ⑼⋡‫ޓ‬
ᦐᣣ࡮ᤨ㒢

㩄㨺㩎㩨

᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ฬ

 り૕ㆇേ⑼ቇታ⠌ΥἫᦐ࡮㧝㒢 り૕ㆇേ⑼ቇታ⠌Φ り૕ㆇേ⑼ቇታ⠌Υ り૕ㆇേ⑼ቇታ⠌Φ

⒳⋡╬

ᜂᒰᢎຬ

࿾඙

⻠⟵ቶ╬

᧖ጊ૫↢

▫ፒ ▫ፒ࿾඙࡮૕⢒ᣉ⸳޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥࠬࡐ࡯࠷ߦ࠴ࡖ࡟
ᢧ⮮◊ม
ࡦࠫ

દㇺ દㇺ࿾඙࡮૕⢒ᣉ⸳ࡃ࠼ࡒࡦ࠻ࡦઁ

᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐឝタ㩗㩩㨺㩆㩨






Υ㧚㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡᝼ᬺᤨ㑆ഀ‫✚ޓޓ‬ว⑼⋡㧔⇐ቇ↢࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐿⻠⑼⋡㧕ᤨ㑆ഀᲬᲨዮӳᅹႸᲢသ‫ܖ‬ဃǻȳǿȸ᧏ᜒᅹႸᲣ଺᧓л
એਅߩ⑼⋡ߪ㧘⇐ቇ↢࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇ᄖ࿖ੱ⍴ᦼ⇐ቇࠦ࡯ࠬߢ㐿⻠ߔࠆ⑼⋡ߢߔ߇㧘ᢎቶቯຬߩ▸࿐ౝߢోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߣߒߡߩጁୃ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬᝼ᬺߩᢎቶ㧘ᤨ㑆ഀᄌᦝ╬ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ฦቇㇱ෸߮ోቇᢎ⢒ᢎോଥߩឝ␜᧼ߦࠃࠅ೎ㅜ߅⍮ࠄߖߒ߹ߔߩߢ㧘ឝ␜ߦᵈᗧߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ųųųųųųųƂЭ஖ƃ٧㧶㨀㨃㧔,CRCPKP6QFC[ U9QTNF㧕㐿⻠⑼⋡࡮ᰴߩ⑼⋡ߪ✚ว⑼⋡㧔ᐔᚑ㧝㧣ᐕᐲએ೨౉ቇ⠪ߪ୘೎ᢎ㙃⑼⋡㧕ߣߒߡጁୃߢ߈߹ߔ‫ోޕ‬ቇㇱߩోቇᐕ߇ኻ⽎ߢߔ‫ޕ‬࡮᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߦࠃࠅⴕࠊࠇ㧘ේೣߣߒߡ61'(.ὐ⒟ᐲߩ⧷⺆ജࠍጁୃߩ᧦ઙߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ฦ᝼ᬺߩ᭎ⷐߪ㧘㨪ࡍ࡯ࠫࠍෳᾖߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ጁୃ⊓㍳ᚻ⛯߇ઁߩోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߣߪ⇣ߥࠅ߹ߔߩߢ㧘ጁୃߦ޽ߚߞߡߪࡍ࡯ࠫࠍෳᾖߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮᝼ᬺߪ㧘▫ፒ࿾඙ߩ⇐ቇ↢࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߢⴕࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
ᦐᣣ࡮ᤨ㒢

㩄㨺㩎㩨

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੹ ੗ ੫ ৻ࡐ ࡜ ࠶ ࠢఢ᪢⧉᧘ᒄ᧜ࡐ ࡜ ࠶ ࠢ੹ ੗ ੫ ৻ࠬ ࠹ ࠖ ࡜ ࡯ࠢࡠࠬጟ ፒ ᥓ Ꮖࠢࡠࠬ࠽ ࠞ ࡓ ࡜⬒ ⷗ ੑ ㇢࠽ ࠞ ࡓ ࡜

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٧㧭㨀㨃㧔#UKCKP6QFC[ U9QTNF㧕㐿⻠⑼⋡࡮ᰴߩ⑼⋡ߪ㧘⇐ቇ↢࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇ᄖ࿖ੱ⍴ᦼ⇐ቇࠦ࡯ࠬߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡᄐቄ㓸ਛߢታᣉߔࠆ਻Ꮊᄢቇࠨࡑ࡯ࠦ࡯ࠬߢ㐿⻠ߐࠇࠆ⑼⋡ߢߔ߇㧘✚ว⑼⋡㧔ᐔᚑ㧝㧣ᐕᐲએ೨౉ቇ⠪ߪ୘೎ᢎ㙃⑼⋡㧕ߣߒߡጁୃߢ߈߹ߔ‫ోޕ‬ቇㇱߩోቇᐕ߇ኻ⽎ߢߔ‫ޕ‬࡮᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߦࠃࠅⴕࠊࠇ㧘ේೣߣߒߡ61'(.ὐ⒟ᐲߩ⧷⺆ജࠍጁୃߩ᧦ઙߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ฦ᝼ᬺߩ᭎ⷐߪࡍ࡯ࠫࠍ
ෳᾖߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ฃ⻠↢ߩ൐㓸෸߮ጁୃ⊓㍳ᣇᴺ╬ߩ⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᓟᣣឝ␜ߦࠃࠅ߅⍮ࠄߖߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
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ォ ឵ ᦼ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ᡽ ᴦ ␠ ળᣣᧄᢥቇߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޟ‬ᱫ‫ߩޠ‬⠨ኤ⃻ ઍ ᣣ ᧄ ߣ ࠣ ࡠ ࡯ ࡃ ࡞ ␠ ળࠕ ࠫ ࠕ ߩ ਛ ߩ ᣣ ᧄ

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ࡃࡦࠝ࡯ࡌ࡞ࡌࠤࡇ ࠾ ࡦ ࠣ ࠻ ࡦࡃ ࡯ ࠫ ࠚ ࠬ࡝ࡓ࡮࠲ࠗ࠙ࠚࠗ

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ųųųųųųųƂࢸ஖ƃ٧㧶㨀㨃㧔,CRCPKP6QFC[ U9QTNF㧕㐿⻠⑼⋡̪ᓟᦼߩ᝼ᬺᤨ㑆ഀߪ㧘ᓟᦼ㐿ᆎ೨߹ߢߦឝ␜ߦࠃࠅ߅⍮ࠄߖߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮㧶㨀㨃㐿⻠⑼⋡ߪ㧘✚ว⑼⋡㧔ᐔᚑ㧝㧣ᐕᐲએ೨౉ቇ⠪ߪ୘೎ᢎ㙃⑼⋡㧕ߣߒߡጁୃߢ߈߹ߔ‫ోޕ‬ቇㇱߩోቇᐕ߇ኻ⽎ߢ ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߦࠃࠅⴕࠊࠇ㧘ේೣߣߒߡ61'(.ὐ⒟ᐲߩ⧷⺆ജࠍጁୃߩ᧦ઙߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬᝼ᬺౝኈ߇⏕ቯᰴ╙࿖㓙ㇱߩ㧶㨀㨃ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ㧔JVVRYYYKUEM[WUJWWCELRLVYEQWTUGUEQWTUGUJVO㧕ߦឝタߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ጁୃ⊓㍳ᚻ⛯߇ઁߩోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߣߪ⇣ߥࠅ߹ߔߩߢ㧘ጁୃߦ޽ߚߞߡߪࡍ࡯ࠫࠍෳᾖߒߡߊߛߐ޿㨫Φ㧚㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐᲨ᭗࠰ഏ૙᫱ᅹႸ
᳛Შᛢ᫆ᅹႸ ᲢᲬҥˮᲣᲢ࠯঺ᲫᲱ࠰ࡇˌЭλ‫ܖ‬ᎍᲴ̾К૙᫱ᅹႸƷᛠஆᅹႸᲣ
㧞㧝਎♿ߩੱ㘃߇⋥㕙ߔࠆ⃻ઍ␠ળ߇ᛴ߃ࠆ⻉⺖㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ߎߩಽ㊁ߩᦨ೨✢ߢᵴべߔࠆ⻠Ꮷ߆ࠄኾ㐷⊛߆ߟᄙ᭽ߥ
ⷞὐߦၮߠߊ໧㗴ឭ⿠ࠍฃߌ߹ߔ‫ߡߞࠃߦࠇߎޕ‬໧㗴ὐࠍᱜߒߊᛠីߒߘߩ⸃᳿ߦߟ޿ߡ⼏⺰ߔࠆߎߣࠍਥ⋡⊛ߣߒ㧘⺖㗴ߩ✚ว⊛ߥ⹺⼂ߣℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼߹ߔ‫ޕ‬̪ ᝼ᬺߩ⹦⚦ࠍࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ㧔JVVRU[NNCDWUM[WUJWWCELR㧕ߢ⏕⹺ߒߡ᝼ᬺߦ⥃ࠎߢߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ũҮƸǪȸǬȊǤǶȸ

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ᛢ㧱㨁⺰ၮ␆̆೙ ٧ Ⓑ ን ା ඳ㧱㨁(᰷Ꮊㅪว)ߪ㧘1951 ᐕߩ ECSC ⸳┙᧦⚂⺞ශએ㒠㧢㧜 ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ᧄ ⻠ ⟵ ߪ 㧘 EUIJ
㧟ᐕએ਄ ߩቇㇱ EU ࠺ࠖࡊᐲߣ⚻ᷣ౎⼱߹ߜሶ ᐕߩᱧผߩਛߢ㧘ၞౝᏒ႐߿න৻ㅢ⽻ࠍታ⃻ߒ㧘᭴ᚑ࿖ᢙ߽
ᒰೋߩ㧢ࠞ࿖߆ࠄ㧞㧣ࠞ࿖ߦߥࠆߥߤ㧘޿߹߿਎⇇ߩਛߢ㓙 ▫ፒ࿾඙ࡠࡑࠦ࡯ࠬߩ౉㐷┙ߞߚሽ࿷ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪߢ⟵⻠ߩߎޕ‬㧘㧱㨁ߩၮᧄ⊛ߥߎ
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ߣ߇ࠄߦߟ޿ߡ㧘᡽ᴦቇ࡮⚻ᷣቇߩⷞὐ߆ࠄ✚ว⊛ߦቇ߱‫ޕ‬߽໑৻ߩ▫ፒࠠࡖ
೙ᐲ✬ߢߪ㧘㧱㨁ㅴዷߩᱧผ㧘⚵❱ߣ೙ᐲߩዷ㐿㧘ട⋖࿖ߣ ࡦࡄࠬ㐿⻠⑼⋡ߢߔ‫ޕ‬หࠦ࡯ࠬߦ⊓㍳ߒߩ㑐ଥ㧘ਥⷐߥ᡽╷ಽ㊁ߥߤࠍ㧘߹ߚ⚻ᷣ✬ߢߪ㧘೨ඨߦ߅ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ቇ ↢ ߪ Ⓧ ᭂ ⊛ ߦ ฃ ⻠ ߒ ߡ ߊ ߛ ߐ޿ߡ᰷Ꮊ⚻ᷣߩᱧผ⊛ߥ⊒ዷࠍ㧘ᓟඨߦߪ㧱㨁⚻ᷣ⛔วߩዷ ޿‫ޕ‬㐿߿㧱㨁⚻ᷣߩ⃻⁁ߥߤࠍ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇቇ߱‫ࠍ⟵⻠ޕ‬ㅢߓߡฃ ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߪ↪޿ߕ㧘㈩Ꮣ⾗ᢱߦၮߠ߈ㅴ
⻠↢ߪ㧘㧱㨁ߦ㑐ߔࠆၮ␆⊛ߥ⍮⼂ࠍ᏷ᐢߊ⠌ᓧߔࠆߎߣ߇ ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ෳ⠨࿑ᦠߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘⻠⟵ߩㅴⴕߢ߈ࠃ߁‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬⍮⼂ߪ㧘ࠕࠫࠕߩ⛔วࠍ⠨߃ࠆ㓙ߦ߽ᓎ ߦᴪߞߡឭ␜ߔࠆ‫ోޕ‬૕ࠍㅢߒߚෳ⠨࿑┙ߟߎߣߦߥࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ᦠ㧦Susan Senior Nello(2009), The European
Union- Economics, Policies and History, 2nded. McGraw Hill.

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ߩᛩ⾗ⴕേࠍℂ⸃ߒ⾗㊄⺞㆐ᴺࠍ⠌ᓧߔࠆ‫ߩߘ ޕ‬೨ឭߣߒߡ ᤨ㒢ᧂቯ㧕 㧟ᐕએ਄ ࡝࠴ࡖ࡯࠼࡮㧸࡮ࠗ࠽ࡦࠬ
8%߇ㆇ↪ߔࠆᛩ⾗ࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߩ⸳┙࡮ㆇ↪ᣇᴺࠍ⠌ᓧߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐳࠬ ࡒ ࠬ ࠫ ࡖ ࡀ ࠶ቇ㧘ࠤ࡯ࠬᢎ᧚ࠍ↪޿ߚṶ⠌‫ޕ‬㓸ਛ⻠⟵ฦ᝼ᬺ࿁ߢߩ࠹࡯ࡑ ▫ፒ࿾඙࠻࡮㧷࡮ࠬࡒࠬ
ߦᴪ߁ᒻߢᜰቯߩᢎ⑼ᦠ㧘⾗ᢱ߿ࠤ࡯ࠬ㧔੐଀㓸㧕ࠍ⺖㗴ߣ‫࠽࡟ࡊ࡟࠻ࡦࠕޡ‬ߒߡ⺖ߔ‫ߩߘޕ‬਄ߢ⻠⟵ߦ಴Ꮸߒ㧘⸛⺰ߦෳടߔࠆߎߣ‫߹ޕ‬࡯࡮ࡈࠔࠗ࠽ࡦࠬ
ߚࠤ࡯ࠬᢎ᧚ࠍ↪޿ߘߩ੐଀߆ࠄ᛽಴ߢ߈ࠆℂ⺰㕙ߩᬌ⸛ࠍ 㨪ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯ડᬺߩଔ୯⹏ଔߣ࠺ࠖ࡯࡞࡮
ࠢ࡜ࠬߢⴕ߁‫ޕ‬ࠬ࠻࡜ࠢ࠴ࡖ࡯‫ޢ‬㧔ਛᄩ⚻ᷣ␠㧕ࡑࠗࠤ࡞࡮,࡮ࠦ࡯ࡃ࡯‫࡮࠻࡯ࡌࠗ࡜ࡊޡ‬ࠛࠢࠗ࠹ࠖ㨪ଔ୯ഃㅧߩᛩ⾗ᚻᴺ‫ޢ‬㧔᧲ᵗ⚻ᷣᣂႎ␠㧕
᝼ᬺታᣉᣣ㧘ጁୃ⊓㍳╬ߩ⹦⚦ߪឝ␜ߢ߅
⍮ࠄߖߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᛢ⋉ବ਻ᄢ↢ߩ㧥㧜㧑߇ડᬺߦዞ⡯ߔࠆߣ޿߁⃻ታࠍ〯߹߃ߡ㧘 ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ Ფ࿁ߩ⻠⟵ߩᓟߩ㧟ᐕએ਄ ⾰⇼ᔕ╵߳ߩⓍᭂઁ ળ␠߿ࡆࠫࡀࠬߩᧄ⾰ߦߟ޿ߡ᭎ⷰߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㆙㓒᝼ᬺࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘ᣣᧄ߅ࠃ߮ࠪ࡝ࠦࡦࡃ࡟࡯ࠃࠅᄙ᭽ߥ⻠ ▫ፒ࿾඙⊛ߥෳടࠍᦸ߻‫ޕ‬Ꮷ㒯߇㧘ળ␠ߩᒻᘒߩ᭎⺑㧘ᣂ੐ᬺ㐿⊒㧘⎇ⓥ㐿⊒㧘↢↥㧘 દㇺ࿾඙࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧦ฦ⻠⟵ࡑ࡯ࠤ࠶࠹ࠖࡦࠣ㧘⽼ᄁߣ޿߁❑♻ߘࠇࠍᡰ߃ࠆੱ੐㧘⚻ ᄢᯅ࿾඙ߩߥ߆ߢෳ⠨࿑ᦠℂ㧘⽷ോ㧘✚ോߥߤߩᮮ♻㧘ߘߒߡߘࠇࠍ⛔᜝ߔࠆࡑࡀ࡯ࠫ ╳⚡࿾඙ࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆߎߣ߇
ࡔࡦ࠻ߩฦ┙႐߆ࠄળ␠ߣߪ૗߆ߩ⚻㛎߽ട߃ߡ⺰ߓߡ޿ߚ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߛߊ‫⿠ߚ߹ޕ‬ᬺߔࠆߣߪߤ߁޿߁ߎߣ߆㧘ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯ࠠࡖࡇ
࠲࡞ߩᓎഀ㧘⿠ᬺ⚻㛎⠪ߦࠃࠆ⧰ഭߣᭉߒߐߥߤߩ⹤ࠍߒߡ
޿ߚߛߊ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߣ਎⇇ߩ⺖ ᆗ㗴ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ

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࿖ౝᄖߩ㊀ⷐߥ␠ળ໧㗴ࠍㆬ߮㧘ኾ㐷ኅߩ✚᜝ࠍ⡞޿ߚ ᓟᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ㧟ᐕએ਄ઁ ᓟ㧘ቇ↢߇⥄ࠄࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ૞ࠅ㧘⺞ᩏߒ⊒⴫ߔࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ㧘ߘߩ⺖㗴ߦઃ߈㧘ฦ୘ੱߩᗧ⷗ࠍ⴫᣿ߔࠆᯏળࠍ૞ࠆ‫▫ ߩߎޕ‬ፒ࿾඙ࠃ߁ߥ㧘╵߃߇߭ߣߟߢߥ޿໧㗴ߦኻߒߡ㧘⥄ಽߢ⠨߃߿ᗧ દㇺ࿾඙⷗ߣߒߡ╵߃ࠍ಴ߒ㧘⴫᣿ߔࠆᯏળࠍ૞ࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘੹ ᄢᯅ࿾඙ᓟ㧘␠ળߦ಴ߡ߽⥄┙ߒߚੱᩰࠍ߽ߡࠆࠃ߁ߦ⸠✵ߔࠆ‫⚡╳ ⺖ޕ‬࿾඙㗴ߩ଀ߣߒߡߪ㧘‫ޟ‬TPP㧔Trans Pacific Partnership)‫߁ߤࠍޠ‬ℂ
⸃ߔࠆ߆‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬ᣣᧄߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᚢ⇛ࠍߤ߁ߔࠆ߆‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬ේሶജ⊒㔚ࠍߤ߁ߔࠆ߆‫ޠ‬㧘ߥߤ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬᫆ળ␠ߣߪ૗߆㧘 ᆗ⿠ᬺߔࠆߣߪ૗
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㐿⻠࿾඙

⎇ⓥߣᛛⴚߩ ⼱ Ꮉࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ኻ⽎ቇᐕ᫆ ᅹ Ⴘ îᔀ޿ࠊࠁࠆᛛⴚࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻㧔/16㧕ߩ✚ว⊛߆ߟၮ␆⊛⻠ ᓟᦼ೨ඨోቇㇱ ‫ޣ‬34'%ឭଏ⑼⋡‫ޤ‬ઁ ⟵ߢߔ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥ߿ᛛⴚߪߘࠇ⥄૕ߢߪଔ୯߇޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ౕޕ‬૕ 㧔㊄㧠࡮㧡㧕 㧟ᐕએ਄ ⻠Ꮷ߿ጁୃ⠪⋧੕⊛ߥ⵾ຠ߿ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߣߥࠅ␠ળߢ↢߆ߐࠇߡೋ߼ߡᗧ๧ࠍᜬ
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ߜ߹ߔ‫ߩ࠻࠶ࡀ࡯࠲ࡦࠗޕ‬᥉෸ߦࠃࠆ਎⇇ߩᄢ߈ߥⅣႺᄌൻ ▫ፒ࿾඙ࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦࠍⴕ޿
߿㧘␠ળߩ࠾࡯࠭ߩᄙ᭽ൻߥߤࠍ〯߹߃㧘᭽‫ⷺߥޘ‬ᐲ߆ࠄ⎇ દㇺ࿾඙߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥ⊒ⓥ߿ᛛⴚߩ޽ࠅᣇ㧘ᵴ↪ߩ઀ᣇ㧘⎇ⓥ⠪ߩ↢߈ᣇ㧘ߘߒߡࡆ ᄢᯅ࿾඙⸒ࠍᦼᓙߒߡ޿߹
ࠫࡀࠬ⇇ߢㅢ↪ߔࠆੱ᧚௝ߥߤࠍᬌ⸛ߒ㧘ᄢቇߢቇ߱ߎߣߩ ╳⚡࿾඙ߔ‫ޕ‬ᗧ⟵߿዁᧪ߩㅴ〝ࠍ⠨߃ࠆࡅࡦ࠻ࠍឭଏߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ታᬺ⇇╬ฦ᝼ᬺታᣉᣣ㧘ጁୃ⊓㍳╬ߩ⹦⚦ߪឝ⇇ߢᵴべߔࠆⶄᢙߩ⻠Ꮷ߇Ფ࿁ኾ㐷ಽ㊁ߦߟ޿ߡ⻠⟵ߒ㧘ߘߩᓟ․ቯߩ࠹࡯ࡑߩਅฃ⻠↢ߦࠃࠆࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ⸛⼏ࠍⴕ߁╬㧘␜ߢ߅⍮ࠄߖߒ߹
෺ᣇะߩࠢ࡜ࠬㆇ༡ࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ℂ♽ቇ↢ߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ᢥ♽ߔ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢ߦ߽᦭↪ߥ⻠⟵ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ਛ㉿౏຦ᛛⴚ߇৻⥸␠ળ㧘․ߦ౏ⴐ෸߮⥄ὼߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀࡮ലᨐߦ ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ㧟ᐕએ਄㑐ߔࠆℂ⸃ജ߿⽿છߥߤ㧘ᛛⴚ⠪ߣߒߡ␠ળߦኻߔࠆ⽿છࠍ⥄ⷡߔࠆ⢻ജࠍቇ⠌ߐߖ㧘࿖㓙⊛ߦㅢ↪ߔࠆ⾗⾰ࠍりߦߟߌ દㇺ࿾඙ࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘ౕ૕⊛ߦ᝼ᬺߪ㧘ᛛⴚ⠪
ߩ୶ℂ߇໧㗴ߦߐࠇࠆ੐଀ࠍᄙߊ᜼ߍ㧘⻠Ꮷߩታ␠ળ㧘․ߦ
⥶ⓨ⇇ߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻㛎ࠍ߽ߣߦ⺑᣿ࠍട߃ߥ߇ࠄ⻠⟵ࠍㅴ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ౝኈ⊛ߦߪ⥶ⓨቝቮ㑐ଥࠍਥߣߔࠆ߇㧘ߘߩઁߩಽ㊁ߢෳ⠨ߣߥࠆᛛⴚ⠪୶ℂ㧘ડᬺ୶ℂߦߟ޿ߡ߽ቇ⠌ߐߖࠆ‫ޕ‬

Ꮏቇߣ୶ℂ

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Ꮏቇಽ㊁ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ߩߠߊࠅࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߩࠛࡦࠫ࠾ࠕߩ୶ ᓟᦼ㓸ਛℂ⊛⽿છߦߟ޿ߡ㧘੐଀ߦၮߠ޿ߡ⼏⺰ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
દㇺ࿾඙

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Ꮏቇߣ୶ℂ

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ࡆࠫࡀࠬߦ߅ 㜞 ↰ߌࠆ┹੎ఝ૏
ᕈ஻⠨㧔࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧕ੳోቇㇱ ᝼ᬺታᣉᣣ㧘ጁୃ㧟ᐕએ਄ ⊓㍳╬ߩ⹦⚦ߪឝ␜ߢ߅⍮ࠄߖߒ߹
ߔ‫ޕ‬ડᬺ߇㜞޿࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᬺ❣ࠍ቟ቯ⊛࡮⛮⛯⊛ߦ਄ߍࠆߚ߼ߦ ᓟᦼోቇㇱ ‫ޣ‬34'%ឭଏ⑼⋡‫ޤ‬ߪ㧘ઁ␠ߦߪ⌀ૃߩ಴᧪ߥ޿⥄␠ߥࠄߢߪߩଔ୯ࠍឭଏߔࠆ 㧔Ἣ㧢࡮㧣㧕 㧟ᐕએ਄ ᝼ᬺታᣉᣣ㧘ጁୃߚ߼ߩਛᩭ⊛ߥ⢻ജࠍᒻᚑߒ㧘┹੎ఝ૏ᕈࠍ⏕଻ߒߥߌࠇ߫ 㨪
⊓㍳╬ߩ⹦⚦ߪឝߥࠄߥ޿‫ߩߘޕ‬⢻ജߪ㧘ࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼߿ࠦࠕᛛⴚ㧘⍮⊛⽷↥㧘ⴕ␜ߢ߅⍮ࠄߖߒ߹
േ᭽ᑼߥߤᄙ㕙⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪ⟵⻠ᧄޕ‬㧘ࡆࠫࡀࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ┹੎ ▫ፒ࿾඙ߔ‫ޕ‬ఝ૏ᕈߩᒻᚑ߿ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ᚻᴺߦ߆ࠎߒ㧘․ߦ/16㧔ᛛⴚ દㇺ࿾඙⚻༡㧕ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄℂ⺰ߣታ଀ࠍ੤߃ߡቇ߱‫ޕ‬ᛢ᫆ᅹⅣ Ⴚ ⺞ ๺ ဳ ␠ ٧ᯅῪஜ৻
ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߿‛⾰ࠍᄢ㊂ߦᶖ⾌ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㜞ᐲᚑ㐳ࠍ ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ
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᧻ ᳗ ା ඳ ㆀߍߡ߈ߚ⃻ઍ␠ળ߇㧘࿾⃿ⅣႺ଻ో߿ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⾗Ḯ໧㗴⚻ Ⴆ 㓶 ╷ ߢᦨᄢߩ㔍ዪߦ⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪ⃻࿷ᐢߊ⹺⼂ߐࠇߡ޿ દㇺ࿾඙㜞 ᯅ ⦟ ᓆ ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧝਎♿ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘࿾⃿ⅣႺࠍ⎕უߔࠆߎߣήߊ⃻ઍ␠⼱ ᧄ Ả ળࠍ⛽ᜬߒߡⴕߊߚ߼ߩ⑼ቇᛛⴚ߿␠ળࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪᅤ૗ߥࠆᵄ ᄙ ⡨ ߽ߩߢ޽ࠈ߁߆‫ߩࠄࠇߎߪߢ⟵⻠ᧄޕ‬໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⃻⁁ᛠ㕍 ᧁ ବ ਯ ីߣ዁᧪ዷᦸߦߟ޿ߡ⸃⺑ߔࠆ‫✚ߪ⟵⻠ޕ‬วℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ㒮ߩᵿ ᧄ ⾆ ৻ ᢎຬ߇ࠝࡓ࠾ࡃࠬᒻᑼߢⴕ߁‫ޕ‬
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ᰴ਎ઍߩૐ὇⚛ ٧ ૒‫৻ᧁޘ‬ᚑ ࿾⃿ⅣႺ໧㗴߿⑔ፉߢߩේሶജ⊒㔚ᚲ੐᡿߽〯߹߃㧘ᣢሽ ᓟᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧦․ߦ ߥ㧟ᐕએ਄ ߒ 㧔 ࡊ ࡝ ࡦ ࠻ ㈩ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㜞 ፒ ⻠ ੑ ߩᄢⷙᮨ⊒㔚ߩ㜞ല₸ൻߣਗࠎߢ㧘ಽᢔဳ㧘ࠝࡦࠨࠗ࠻ဳ㧘⚻ Ⴆ 㓶 ╷ ៤Ꮺဳ㧘⥄ὼࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯೑↪ߥߤߩ࿾⃿ⅣႺㆡᔕဳߩ㕟ᣂ⊛ દㇺ࿾඙Ꮣߢኻ ᔕ㧕⼱ ᧄ Ả ߥૐ὇⚛ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᛛⴚߦࠃࠅ㧘㔚᳇ࠍ㜞ല₸ߦ↢ߺ಴ߒߚ↰ ፉ ඳ ჻ ࠅᄌ឵ߒߚࠅ⋭ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇㧘ਇนᰳߦߥศ ᱞ ೰ ߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪߢ⟵⻠ᧄޕ‬㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥૐ὇⚛ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᛛᄢ Ἇ ୶ ථ ⴚࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߚ߼ߩၮ␆⑼ቇߣᦨవ┵ߩᰴ਎ઍᛛⴚ㐿⊒ߩ⃻ᯅ Ὺ ஜ ৻ ⁁ࠍ㧘ታ㓙ߦ⎇ⓥߦ៤ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆᢎຬ߇᭎⺑ߒ㧘዁᧪ߩ␠ળᄢ ደ ⵨ ੑ ߳ߩࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤߔࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ਥᐙᢎ᝼೙ᐲࠍᵴὖ ⼱ 㓉 ↪ߒߡ㧘᜗߳޿ᄖ࿖ੱ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦࠃࠆ⧷⺆ߢߩ⻠⟵߽ታᣉߔጟ ↰ ㊀ ੱ ࠆ‫ޕ‬
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ᛢ
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ࠨࠗࡃ࡯ⓨ㑆 ‐ዦ೰⡡ㄭᐕ㧘9GDߣࠬࡑ࡯࠻࠺ࡃࠗࠬߩ⊒ዷߣ᥉෸ߦࠃࠅ㧘ࠨࠗ ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝࠺ࠩࠗࡦࡃ࡯ⓨ㑆ߪ␠ળߩࠗࡦࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡜ࠢ࠴ࡖߣߒߡ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍ
ᨐߚߔࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬᝼ᬺߢߪ㧘ࠨࠗࡃ࡯ⓨ㑆ߩᱧผߣ ᄢᯅ࿾඙ߘߎߢ೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆၮ␆⊛ߥᛛⴚߦߟ޿ߡ⺑᣿ߔࠆ‫߹ޕ‬ߚ㧘ᦨᣂߩࠨࠗࡃ࡯ⓨ㑆ߦᣈߌࠆ᭽‫ߣࠬࡆ࡯ࠨߥޘ‬㧘ߘࠇߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆవ┵ᛛⴚߩേะࠍ⚫੺ߒ㧘ߎࠇ߆ࠄߩࠨࠗࡃ࡯ⓨ㑆ࠍ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߩᣇะᕈߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬

ోቇㇱ

㧟ᐕએ਄

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ᣣᧄߩࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ ㇺ ↲ ᐽ ⥋1990 ᐕߦࡃࡉ࡞⚻ᷣ߇፣უߒ㧘ߘߩᓟᄬࠊࠇߚ㧞㧜ᐕࠍ ᓟᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ Ᏹᣣ㗃߆ࠄᣣᧄ߿
㧟ᐕએ਄ ࿖㓙␠ળߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠺ࠩࠗࡦ⚻ߚ⃻࿷㧘2011 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 11 ᣣߦ⊒↢ߒߚ᧲ᣣᧄᄢ㔡ἴ࡮⑔ፉේሶജ⊒㔚ᚲ੐᡿߆ࠄߩᓳ⥝㧘ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯໧㗴㧘ዋሶ㜞㦂 ᄢᯅ࿾඙໧㗴ᗧ⼂ࠍᜬߜ㧘ൻ㧘ੱญᷫዋ␠ળ㧘TPP ໧㗴╬㧘ᄙߊߩ໧㗴߇ጊⓍߒߡ޿ߘ ߩ ᩮ ᐩߦ ޽ ࠆࠆ‫ޕ‬਎⇇ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ 9.11 ࠹ࡠߣ࿾ၞ⚗੎㧘࿾⃿ⅣႺ໧㗴㧘࿃ߣ㑐ଥᕈߦߟ޿
㘩ᢱ࡮᳓ਇ⿷㧘㊄Ⲣෂᯏ╬㧘␠ળ࡮⚻ᷣ᭴ㅧ߇ォ឵ᦼࠍㄫ߃ ߡ⠨߃ᛮߊജࠍ㙃߁ߎߣ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ᣣᧄᣂߚߥࡄ࡜࠳ࠗࡓࠪࡈ࠻߇⿠ߎࠈ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬᝼ᬺߢ ߿࿖㓙␠ળߩ޽ࠆߴ߈ᆫࠍ⠨߃㧘⊛⏕ߢߪ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ⺖㗴ࠍㅢߓߡᣣᧄߩㅴ߻ߴ߈㆏ߣ࿖㓙␠ળߦ߅ ◲ẖߥ⸒⪲߿࿑╬ߢ⴫⃻ߢ߈ࠆജࠍ㙃߁ߌࠆᓎഀ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ⺰⼏ߒ㧘ቇ↢߇ਥ૕⊛ߦᣣᧄߩࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ ߎߣ‫ޕ‬࠺ࠩࠗࡦࠍ߹ߣ߼ߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧦ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ 21࡮᪢ਅ᧛Ⴖ 23ᦼ↢‫ޠ࠼ࠗ࡜ࡊ࡮ࡦࡐ࠶࠾ޟޡ‬ᓳᵴ߳ߩ㆏‫ޢ‬㧔ਣༀࡊ࡜ࡀ࠶࠻ᩣᑼળ␠㧕Ძ᳜Შɼ᫆ᅹႸ ᲢᲬҥˮᲣᲢ࠯঺ᲫᲱ࠰ࡇˌЭλ‫ܖ‬ᎍᲴ̾К૙᫱ᅹႸᲦऴ‫إ‬ϼྸᅹႸîƷᛠஆᅹႸᲣ̪ ᝼ᬺߩ⹦⚦ࠍࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ㧔JVVRU[NNCDWUM[WUJWWCELR㧕ߢ⏕⹺ߒߡ᝼ᬺߦ⥃ࠎߢߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬

᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ฬ

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᝼

ᬺ

᭎

ⷐ

㐿⻠ቇᦼ
㧔ᦐᣣᤨ㒢㧕 ኻ⽎ቇᐕ
㐿⻠࿾඙

㕍ᧁඳผ

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⠨
㧔࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧕

࿾ၞ࡮ᕈ೎࡮ᐕ㦂࡮⡯ᬺ࡮㓏⚖ߥߤ㧘᭽‫ߥޘ‬㓸࿅ߦၮ ᓟᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ᝼ ᬺᤨߦ ㆡ ቱ ࡊ࡝ ࡦߠߊ⸒⺆ߩ㆑޿ࠍ‫ޟ‬૏⋧‫ࠆߌ߅ߦ⺆⸒ޕ߁޿ߣޠ‬ᄙ㕙ᕈ㧟ᐕએ਄ ࠻ࠍ㈩Ꮣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ⍮ࠅ㧘ⷰኤ࡮⸥ㅀߔࠆᣇᴺࠍりߦߟߌࠆߎߣ ▫ፒ࿾඙ࠍ⋡ᮡߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᛒ߁⸒⺆ߪᣣᧄ⺆ߣߒ㧘⃻ઍ⺆߆ࠄฎౖ⺆߹ߢ᏷ᐢߊಽᨆߩኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬૨ኒɼ᫆ᅹႸð᳇୥߆ࠄ⷗ߚ᧲ ਛ ፉ ᭉ ┨ߎߩ⻠⟵ߢߪ㧘᳇୥ᄌേ߇᧲ࠕࠫࠕߩᱧผߦ෸߷ߒߚᓇ ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ W . S . A t w e l l , “ S o m eࠕࠫࠕผ㗀ߦߟ޿ߡ⺰ߓࠆ‫ޕ‬㧝㧠਎♿߿㧝㧣਎♿ߦߪ㧘࡙࡯࡜ࠪࠕ
㧟ᐕએ਄ Observations of theᄢ㒽ోၞߢ᳇୥߇ᕆỗߦኙ಄ൻߒ㧘ᄤἴ߿ᚢੂߥߤ߇޽޿ ▫ፒ࿾඙
‘Seventeen Centuryߟߋ‫ޟ‬㧝㧠਎♿ߩෂᯏ‫ޟ࡮ޠ‬㧝㧣਎♿ߩෂᯏ‫ߣޠ‬๭߫ࠇࠆ
Crisis’ in China and⁁ᴫࠍㄫ߃ߚ‫଀ߩߘ߽ࠕࠫࠕ᧲ޕ‬ᄖߢߪߥ޿‫․ߪߢ⟵⻠ޕ‬Japan,”Journal of Asianߦ᧲ࠕࠫࠕߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޟ‬㧝㧣਎♿ߩෂᯏ‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߔࠆ⧷ᢥߩ⎇Studies, 45-2, 1986 ߥⓥ⺰ᢥࠍ⻠⺒ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘㐳ᦼ⊛ߥ᳇୥ᄌേ߇᧲ࠕࠫࠕผߦߤ 㧔 ࠦ ࡇ࡯ ࠍ ᢎ႐ ߢ෸߷ߒߚᓇ㗀ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬㈩ઃ㧕૨ኒɼ᫆ᅹႸñ

୘ੱߣⅣႺߩ⋧ ٧ ↰ ᎒ ⺈ ৻ੱߩ⊒㆐ߪ㧘୘ߦ㐽ߓߚ߽ߩߢߪߥߊ㧘ੱ߇ዻߔࠆኅ ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ੕૞↪ߣߒߡߩධ ඳ ᢥ ᣖ߿␠ળࠍ฽߻ߘߩⅣႺߣߩ⋧੕૞↪ࠍㅢߒߡዷ㐿ߔࠆ㧟ᐕએ਄⊒㆐ട ⮮ ๺ ↢ ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘ੱߩ⊒㆐ߩ޽ࠅᣇߪ㧘ߘߩ߅ ▫ፒ࿾඙
ฎ ⾐ ⡡ ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆⅣႺߩ᭽⋧ߦࠃߞߡᄢ߈ߊ⇣ߥߞߡߊࠆ‫ߎޕ‬ࠇࠄߩ஥㕙ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘㧠ฬߩᢎຬ߇ᔃℂቇߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ
⎇ⓥ㗔ၞࠍ⢛᥊ߣߒߡ㧘⥄Ꮖ࡮ኅᣖ࡮㓸࿅࡮ቇᩞ࡮ࠦࡒ
ࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ࡮ⅣႺߥߤࠍࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ߦ࡝࡟࡯⻠⟵ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬␠ળ↢ᵴߦ߅ߌ ٧ ศ ⦟ ቟ ਯᧄ᝼ᬺߪ㧘਻Ꮊᄢቇቇ↢↢ᵴ࡮ୃቇ⋧⺣ቶߩᏱછ⋧⺣ ᓟᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ⾗ ᢱ ╬ ߪ㧘 ᝼ ᬺਛ ߦࠆኻੱ㑐ଥ⑔ ⇐ ⇐ ⟤ ຬ㧟ฬ㧔ศ⦟࡮ጊਅ࡮⑔⇐㧕߇࡝࡟࡯ᑼߢ⻠⟵ࠍᜂᒰߔ㧟ᐕએ਄ 㓐ᤨ㈩Ꮣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ጊ ਅ ⷫ ሶ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ቇ ↢ ߩ ⊝ ߐ ࠎ ߪ ߎࠇ ߆ ࠄߩ ੱ ↢ࠍ ↢ ߈ߡ޿ ߊ ߥ߆ ▫ፒ࿾඙ߢ㧘ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥኻੱ㑐ଥࠍ⚻㛎ߔࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬᝼ᬺߢߪ㧘↢ᶦߦࠊߚࠆ␠ળ↢ᵴߩߥ߆ߢߩኻੱ㑐ଥ߿㧘ߘߎߢ↢ߓ߿ߔ޿ਇㆡᔕ㧘ᔃりߩਇ⺞ߦߟ޿ߡ⻠ㅀߔࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ጁୃቇ↢ห჻ߢዊࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍߟߊࠅ࠹࡯ࡑߦߟ޿ߡ⹤ߒว߁
ᯏળ߽⸳ߌࠆ‫ޕ‬૨ኒɼ᫆ᅹႸò

ೃᴺߩਥⷐ⺰ὐ㊁Ỉల‫ޟ‬ೃᴺቇ‫ߩޠ‬ਥⷐߥ⺰ὐߦ㑐ߒߡ㧘߹ߕ೨ឭߣߥࠆၮᧄ ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ࠹ ࠠ ࠬ ࠻ߪ ᜬ ෳߒ ߥ⊛ߥ໧㗴⁁ᴫߩ⺑᣿ࠍⴕ߁‫ߡ߃߹〯ࠍࠇߘޕ‬㧘ߐࠄߥࠆ⊒㧟ᐕએ਄ ߊ ߡ ߽ ᭴ࠊ ߥ ޿߇ 㧘ዷ⊛߹ߚߪᩮḮ⊛ߥ໧㗴ὐ߅ࠃ߮⃻࿷ߩᦨᣂߩ⼏⺰⁁ᴫߦ ▫ፒ࿾඙ዊ ဳ ౐ ᴺߪ ᔅ ߕᜬ ෳߟ޿ߡ㧘⚫੺࡮ᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿ߊ㧔⃻Ბ㓏ߢ᣿⏕ߥ╵߃ߩ಴ߡߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬޿ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥ⺰ὐ߽฽߻㧕‫ޕ‬ᬌ⸛ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ㗔ၞߪ‫ޟ‬ೃᴺ࠹ ࠠ ࠬ ࠻㧦 ᧻ ችቁ ᣿✚⺰‫ࠍޠ‬ਛᔃߣߔࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘႐วߦࠃߞߡߪ‫ޟ‬ೃᴺ‫ ޡ‬ೃ ᴺ ✚⺰ ⻠ ⟵㨇 ╙ฦ⺰‫ߩޠ‬ಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺰ὐ߽ขࠅ਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬㧠 㨉 ‫ޢ‬㧔 ᚑ ᢥၴ 㧕⹦ ߒ ߊ ߪ᝼ ᬺ ਛߦ ⺑᣿ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬⃻ઍਛ࿖᡽ᴦ⺰᧘ᒄ᧜ߎߩ᝼ᬺߪ㧞㧝਎♿ߦ࿖㓙᡽ᴦߣ⚻ᷣߩਛᔃ࿖ኅߦߥ ᓟᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ࠹ ࠠ ࠬ ࠻㧦 Ძ ㉿๺ ሶࠆน⢻ᕈ߇ᄢ߈޿ਛ࿖ߩ࿖ౝ᡽ᴦߦߟ޿ߡ㓸ਛ⊛ߦᬌ⸛㧟ᐕએ਄ ⪺ ‫ ⃻ ޡ‬ઍਛ ࿖ ᡽ᴦ 㧙ߔࠆߎߣࠍਥ⋡⊛ߦߔࠆ‫߼ߚߩߎޕ‬㧘߹ߕਛ⪇ੱ᳃౒๺ ▫ፒ࿾඙㧙 ਛ ࿖ߪ߆ ࠊ ߞߚ ߩ࿖㧔㧼㧾㧯㧕ߣ޿߁࿖ߩ⺀਎ㆊ⒟㧔ਛ࿖ߩ㕟๮ㆊ⒟㧕ࠍ߆ ‫ ޢ‬㧔 ฬฎ ደ ᄢቇ ಴◲නߦᬌ⸛ߒߚᓟ㧘ਛ࿖ߩ᡽ᴦ૕೙߿᡽╷ᒻᚑࡔࠞ࠾࠭
ㇱ㧘ᐕ㧕ࡓߥߤࠍ⸛⸛ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ਛ࿖ߩ⃻ઍ᡽ᴦߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠭ࡓ
ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߩߦᔅⷐߥ⍮⼂ࠍ㙃߁‫ޕ‬૨ኒɼ᫆ᅹႸóᖱႎᛛⴚߣ⚻ ◉㦮ᓆᒾࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻߿ࡄ࠰ࠦࡦߥߤߩᖱႎᛛⴚߩ⊒㆐ߪ㧘 ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ⚻ ᷣቇ ࠍኾ 㐷 ߣߒ ߥᷣ␠ળ
⑳ ߚ ߜ ߩ⚻ ᷣ ␠ ળ ߦ ߤߩ ࠃ ߁ߥ ᓇ 㗀ࠍ ਈ ߃ࠆߩ ߛ ࠈ߁㧟ᐕએ਄ ޿ੱᢥ㨯␠ળ♽߅ࠃ߮߆‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ߘࠇߪ㧘ߤ߁ߒߡߛࠈ߁߆‫ޕ‬ᄌൻߩỗߒ޿ࡆ ▫ፒ࿾඙ℂ Ꮏ ♽ ߩቇ ↢ ะߌ ߩࠫࡀࠬ⇇ߩ⴫㕙⊛ߥ಴᧪੐ߛߌߦ⋡ࠍᅓࠊࠇࠆߣ㧘߼߹᝼ᬺߋࠆߒߐߦᖺࠊߐࠇߡߒ߹߁߇㧘ߘߩᩮᐩߦᵹࠇࠆ⚻ᷣ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧦◉ 㦮 ᓆ ᒾේℂߩᧄ⾰ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠇ߫㧘⋡ߩ೨ߩ⃻⽎ߦ⠡ᑲߐࠇࠆߎ
‫ޡ‬㧵㨀⚻ᷣ౉㐷‫ޢ‬ߣߥߊ㧘⚻ᷣ␠ળߩേ߈߇ߺ߃ߡߊࠆ‫ߪߢ⟵⻠ߩߎޕ‬㧘㧔ᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᣂ⡞␠㧕‫ޟ‬ᖱႎ‫⚻߇ޠࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࠤ࠾ࡘࡒࠦޟ߿ޠ‬ᷣᵴേߢᨐߚߔ
ᓎഀߣߘߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍቇ߮ߥ߇ࠄ㧘ᖱႎᛛⴚߩㅴᱠߣᕆㅦ
ߥ᥉෸߇ડᬺⴕേ߿⚻ᷣߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀ߩᧄ⾰ࠍតߞߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬Φ㧚㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐਥ㗴⑼⋡㧔୘೎ᢎ㙃⑼⋡㧘ᖱႎಣℂ⑼⋡Τߩ⺒ᦧ⑼⋡㧕

᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ฬ

ᜂᒰᢎຬ

೽㗴

᝼

ᬺ

᭎

ⷐ

㐿⻠ቇᦼ
㧔ᦐᣣᤨ㒢㧕 ኻ⽎ቇᐕ
㐿⻠࿾඙

஻
⠨
㧔࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧕

૨ኒɼ᫆ᅹႸóᏒ ႐ ߣ ࿖ ኅ ߩ 㑐 Ḯᄥ㇢╙㧞ᰴ਎⇇ᄢᚢᓟߩవㅴ࿖ߩᱧผࠍᝄࠅ㄰ࠆߣ㧘߹ߕᏒ ᓟᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ႐⚻ᷣߩ․ᕈߣ⷗ߥߐࠇߚ‫ޟߣޠ↱⥄ޟ‬ല₸ᕈ‫ߔ߆↢ࠍޠ‬㧟ᐕએ਄ߚ߼ߦ߽Ꮢ႐߳ߩ੺౉ࠍឝߍߚࠤࠗࡦ࠭ਥ⟵߇ᏨᏎߒ㧘ߘ ▫ፒ࿾඙ߩᓟ 1970 ᐕઍඨ߫એ㒠ߦߪࠤࠗࡦ࠭ਥ⟵ࠍุቯߔࠆ㧘޿ࠊࠁࠆ‫ޟ‬Ꮢ႐ේℂਥ⟵‫߇ޠ‬ᡰ㈩⊛ߦߥߞߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ᤓ੹ߩ਎⇇⊛ߥ⚻ᷣ⁁ᴫ߆ࠄ್ᢿߒߡ߽㧘੹ᣣߢ߽‫ޟ‬Ꮢ႐ߣ࿖ኅ࡮᡽ᐭ‫ࠆߋ߼ࠍޠ‬໧㗴ߪଐὼߣߒߡ㊀ⷐߥᬌ⸛⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬᝼ᬺߢߪ㧘ߎߩ⃻ઍ⊛⺖㗴ߦㄼࠆߎߣࠍචಽߦᗧ⼂ߒߡ㧘ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩ⚻ᷣቇ߇ߎߩ໧㗴ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ߈ߚᱧผ
ࠍขࠅ਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬ྸኒɼ᫆ᅹႸíࡃࠗࠝ࠹ࠢࡁࡠ ٧ችᧄᢘਭ
੹ᣣߩࡃࠗࠝ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩၮ␆ߢ޽ࠆಽሶ↢‛ቇ߿ࡃ ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ᧄ ᝼ ᬺ ߪࡃ ࠗ ࠝ࠹ ࠢࠫ࡯⹦⺰⍹㊁⦟⚐ ࠗࠝࠨࠗࠛࡦࠬࠍ⢛᥊ߣߒߚᦨᣂߩ↢๮ᠲ૞ᛛⴚ߿ታ㛎ᚻ㧟ᐕએ਄ ࡁ ࡠ ࠫ ࡯ߩ ၮ ␆ࠍ ಽฎደ⨃᮸ ᴺࠍ⸃⺑ߔࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬㧘⚵ߺ឵߃㧰㧺㧭ᛛⴚ㧘㉂⚛೑↪ᛛ ▫ፒ࿾඙߆ ࠅ ߿ ߔߊ ⸃ ⺑ߔ ࠆේ ᢅᄦ ⴚ㧘ࡃࠗࠝ࡝ࠕࠢ࠲࡯㧘ಽ㔌Ꮏቇߥߤߩಽ㊁߆ࠄࡅ࠻ࠥࡁ߽ ߩ ߢ ߪߥ ޿ ‫ޕ‬ฃ ⻠ࡓ⸘↹߿ࡐࠬ࠻ࠥࡁࡓᤨઍߩ⎇ⓥߩၮ␆ߣᔕ↪ߥߤߩᦨᣂߦ ᒰ ߚ ߞߡ ߪ 㧘↢ ൻ
ಽ㊁ߦࠊߚࠆ᏷ᐢ޿⎇ⓥߩ⃻⁁ࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇ ߅ ࠃ ߮ಽሶ ↢‛ ቇߦ ߟ ޿ ߡߩၮ ␆⍮ ⼂߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᔅ ⷐ ߦ ᔕߓ ߡ ࡊ࡝ ࡦ
࠻ࠍ㈩Ꮣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ྸኒɼ᫆ᅹႸî⚦ ⢩ ߩ ⶄ ⵾ ߣ ٧૒ᣇഞᐘ
⚦⢩ߩⶄ⵾࡮ಽⵚߪ୘૕ߩ⛽ᜬߩߺߥࠄߕ㧘≸߿⠧ൻߦ ᓟᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ⊒↢࡮ಽൻ㊁᧛৻਽ ߽ኒធߦ㑐ଥߒߚ㊀ⷐߥ⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬᝼ᬺߢߪ㧘⚦⢩ߩ㧟ᐕએ਄ⶄ⵾࡮ಽⵚߦ㑐ߔࠆ⃻ઍ⊛࠹࡯ࡑࠍಽ߆ࠅ߿ߔߊ⸃⺑ߔ ∛㒮࿾඙ࠆ‫ޕ‬೨ඨߢߪ৻⥸⊛ߥ⚦⢩ಽⵚ߿⊒↢ㅜ਄ߩ⚦⢩ಽⵚߦߟ޿ߡࠛ࠶࠮ࡦࠬࠍ⻠⟵ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓟඨߢߪ㧘iPS ⚦⢩㧘≸ㆮવሶ㧘♧㎮↢‛ቇߥߤߦߟ޿ߡ౉㐷⊛⸃⺑ࠍߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ྸኒɼ᫆ᅹႸï

ක≮⛔⸘ቇ

ᄢ༑㓷ᢥ

ක≮࠺࡯࠲ߩ⸃ᨆߦᔅⷐߥ⛔⸘ቇߩၮ␆ߣࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ࠹ ࠠ ࠬ ࠻㧦 ൎ ㊁ᕺ ሶࠍ૶ߞߚ⸃ᨆߩታ㓙ߦߟ޿ߡቇ߱‫⸘⛔ޕ‬ቇߩၮ␆ߣߒߡ
㧟ᐕએ਄ ࡮ ੗ Ꮉ ବᒾ ⪺ ‫ޡ‬㧱 㨤ߪ㧘࠺࡯࠲ߩ․ᓽ㊂ࠍ᳞߼ࠆ⸥ㅀ⛔⸘ߣᮡᧄ࠺࡯࠲߆ࠄᲣ ∛㒮࿾඙㨏 㨑 㨘 ߦࠃ ࠆ ࡔ࠺ ࠖ㓸࿅ߩᕈ⾰ࠍ᳞߼ࠆផ᷹⛔⸘㧔ផቯ㧘ᬌቯ㧕ߦߟ޿ߡ⸃⺑ࠞ ࡞ 㧛 ࠦ࡮ ࡔ ࠺ࠖ ࠞߔࠆ‫ޕ‬⒳‫ߩޘ‬ක≮࠺࡯࠲ࠍ↪޿ߚṶ⠌ߦࠃࠅታ〣ജࠍ㙃࡞ ⛔ ⸘ ౉㐷 ‫ޢ‬㧔౒ ┙
߁‫ޕ‬
಴ 㧕

⥄ὼ⑼ቇ᭎⺰٧ ᯅ ᧄ ᱜ ┨ 㧞㧜਎♿ߪ⑼ቇߩᤨઍߣ޿ࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᒰ⹥⻠⟵ߢߪ㧘㧞㧜 ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ో ૕ ߢ౒ㅢ ߩ ࠹ࠠ ࠬᴡ ว િ ਎♿ߩ⑼ቇߩၮ␆ߣߘߩ⊒ዷࠍ‛ℂቇ⊛ߥ┙႐߆ࠄ᭎ⷰߔ
㧟ᐕએ਄ ࠻ ߪ ᜰ ቯߒ ߹ ߖࠎ ‫ޕ‬ᄢ ㊁ ᱜ ᄦ ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧞㧝਎♿ߦ߅ߌࠆ዁᧪⊛ߥዷᦸߦߟ޿ߡ߽⻠⟵ߔ ▫ፒ࿾඙ฦ ᜂ ᒰ ᢎຬ ߇ ᔅⷐ ߢ⍫ ጊ ⧷ ᮸ ࠆ‫ޕ‬޽ࠇ߫ᜰቯߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᦸ ㆙ ㏜ ߢ ⷗ ࠆ ٧⮮ේᥓሶᧄ⑼⋡ߪ㧘ૐᐕᰴ⑼⋡╬ߢᄤᢥቇ߿ቝቮᎿቇߩၮ␆⍮⼂ ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ೋ ࿁ ࠟ ࠗ࠳ ࡦ ࠬ߿ ⻠ቝቮⅣႺ
㋈ ᧁ ฝ ᢥ ࠍりߦઃߌߚੱ߇㧘ᦝߦᷓߊ⹦ߒߊቇ߱ߚ߼ߩ߽ߩߢ޽ ᓟᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 㧟ᐕએ਄ ⟵ 㧘 ႎ ๔ળ 㧘 ᦨ⚳ ࿁⧎ ↰ ବ ਽ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎቶౝߩᐳቇߢߪߥߊ㧘ᄤ૕ᦸ㆙㏜(ᣂߒߊ⸳⟎ߐࠇߩ ߹ ߣ ߼╬ ߪ Ἣᦐ 㧝ጊ ጟ ဋ ߚ㧠㧜ছ෻኿ᦸ㆙㏜)ࠍ↪޿ߚ᷹ⷰታ⠌ࠍਥߣߔࠆ᝼ᬺߢ દㇺ࿾඙㒢 㧔 દ ㇺ࡮ ▫ ፒ㧕 ߦᐔ ጊ ኡ ޽ࠅ㧘ዊᖺᤊ߿⓭⊒ᄤ૕╬ߩ᷹ⷰ(ℂቇ♽)߿㧘ੱᎿᄤ૕ߩ ▫ፒ࿾඙ⴕ ߁ ߇ 㧘ታ⠌ ߪᄛ 㑆᷹ⷰ㧔Ꮏቇ♽㧕ߥߤ㧘ฃ⻠↢ߩ㑐ᔃߦᔕߓߡ࠹࡯ࡑࠍ⸳ቯߦ દ ㇺ ߢⴕ ߁ ߚ߼ 㧘ߔࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘᷹ⷰ⚿ᨐߪ᝼ᬺౝߢႎ๔㧔ࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪߘ ߜ ࠄ ߽ෳ ട ߢ߈ ࠆࡦ㧕ࠍⴕ޿㧘ቝቮⅣႺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂ߩలታ࡮ᷓൻࠍ࿑ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎ ߣ ࠍጁୃ ᧦ ઙߣ ߔᢥ♽ቇ↢ߩฃ⻠߽᱑ㄫߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠆ ‫ߦ ࡞࡯ ࡘࠫࠤ ࠬ ޕ‬ߟ ޿ ߡ ߪࠪ࡜ ࡃࠬ ࠍᔅߕෳᾖߩߎߣ‫ޕ‬ྸኒɼ᫆ᅹႸðᣂߒ޿̌ߊߔࠅ̍ ٧ᬀ ↰ ᱜ⮎ቇߪᐢ޿ኾ㐷߆ࠄߥࠆቇ໧㗔ၞߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪ⟵⻠ᧄޕ‬㧘ฦ ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ේ ೣ ߣ ߒߡ 㧟 㧜ಽ એ߳ߩ㆏᫪ ర ⡡ 㗔ၞߩኾ㐷ኅߦࠃࠅ㧘ഃ⮎╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆၮ␆ߣᔕ↪ߦ㑐ߒߡ㧟ᐕએ਄ ਄ ߩ ㆃ ೞߪ ฃ ⻠ࠍ ⹺㤗↢⌀ℂሶ ࠝࡓ࠾ࡃࠬᒻᑼߢᢎ᝼ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⮎↢ޕ‬ቇ㧘⮎೷ቇ㧘 ∛㒮࿾඙߼ߥ޿‫ޕ‬
ฎ ⾐ ⊓ ⮎‛േᘒቇߩࠃ߁ߥ⮎ቇㇱ⁛⥄ߩ⻠⟵ߩઁ㧘⮎ቇߣ޿߁ಾ⮎ቇ ㇱ ↢ߪ ኾ 㐷⑼ ⋡ᄢ ᎑ ቁ ᔒ ࠅญߢ᦭ᯏൻቇ㧘↢‛ൻቇ㧘‛ℂൻቇ㗔ၞߦ㑐ߒߡ㧘㜞ᐕߩ ࠞ ࡝ ࠠࡘ ࡜ ࡓਛ ߢ₺ሶ↰ᓆᄦ ᰴᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ〯߹߃⻠⟵ࠍታᣉߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㜞ᩞߩൻห ߓ ࠃ ߁ߥ ⻠ ⟵ౝ ኈ⮮ ↰ 㓷 ବ ቇߩ⍮⼂߇޽ࠇ߫㧘ᢥ♽࡮ℂ♽໧ࠊߕන૏ขᓧߪน⢻ߢ޽ࠍ ቇ ߱ ߩߢ ጁ ୃߪ ផᵤ ↰ ⺈ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᅑߒߥ޿‫ޕ‬ጊ↰⧷ਯᔅ ⷐ ߥ ⾗ᢱ ߪ ᜂᒰᢎ㤥ἑ ╬ຬ߆ࠄ㈩Ꮣߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
↰ਛཅቁ
ዊᩉ ᖗ
ኅ౉৻㇢

Φ㧚㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐਥ㗴⑼⋡㧔୘೎ᢎ㙃⑼⋡㧘ᖱႎಣℂ⑼⋡Τߩ⺒ᦧ⑼⋡㧕

᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ฬ

ᜂᒰᢎຬ

೽㗴

᝼

ᬺ

᭎

ⷐ

㐿⻠ቇᦼ
㧔ᦐᣣᤨ㒢㧕 ኻ⽎ቇᐕ
㐿⻠࿾඙

஻
⠨
㧔࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧕

ྸኒɼ᫆ ᅹႸðⅣႺ໧㗴ߣ⥄ὼ ٧ ศ ᧛ ๺ ਭᚒ‫ߩޘ‬๟ࠅࠍ⷗߹ࠊߒߡߺࠆߣ㧘ታߦᄙߊߩ‛⾰߇ሽ࿷ ᓟᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ⻠ ⟵ ߏ ߣߦ ⾗ ᢱࠍ ㈩⑼ቇ቟ ਛ 㓷 ᒾ ߒ߹ߔ‫ߪࠄࠇߘޕ‬㧘ᄤὼߩ߽ߩ߫߆ࠅߢߥߊ㧘ੱᎿ⊛ߦഃ㧟ᐕએ਄ Ꮣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬᪀ ㊁ ⦟ ৻ ࠅ಴ߐࠇߚ߽ߩ߽ߚߊߐࠎ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫▫ ߤࠎߣ߶ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ፒ࿾඙㈬ ੗ ஜ ߪ㧘ᚒ‫↢ߩޘ‬ᵴࠍ⼾߆ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦᄢ߈ߊ⽸₂ߒ߹ߒߚਅ ᧲ ᐽ ᐘ ߇㧘ߘߩ෻㕙㧘ⅣႺ໧㗴ࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߒߚ߽ߩ߿⿠ߎߒߟߟᮮ ጊ ᜏ ผ ޽ࠆ߽ߩ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߪߢߎߎޕ‬㧘⑼ቇߩ⊒ዷߦ઻ߞߡ↢ߓ⊖ ፉ ೣ ᐘ ߚⅣႺ໧㗴ߦὶὐࠍ޽ߡ㧘ⅣႺ໧㗴ߦኻߔࠆ⑼ቇ⊛ߥᝒ߃ᣇ㧘ߘߩቯ㊂⊛⸘᷹ᴺ㧘໧㗴⸃᳿ߦ߻ߌߚߐ߹ߑ߹ߥขࠅ
⚵ߺࠍ⚫੺ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ྸኒɼ᫆ᅹႸñൻቇ⧷⺆᧻㊁ኼ↢ൻቇ⧷⺆⺰ᢥߩ⺒⸃߅ࠃ߮ၫ╩ߦᔅⷐߥ⧷න⺆㧘ࠗ࠺ ᓟᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ‛ ℂ ൻ ቇ 㧘 ಽ ᨆ ൻࡠࡃ࡯࠻࠰ࡦ ࠖࠝࡓࠍቇ⠌ߔࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ൻቇ⧷⺆⺰ᢥߩ⁛․ߥ⴫⃻ࠍ㧟ᐕએ਄ ቇ 㧘 ή ᯏൻ ቇ 㧘᦭ ᯏࠕࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯ ቇ⠌ߒ㧘◲නߥ⧷૞ᢥࠍⴕ߁‫ ࠪ࡯࠹ࡦ࠯࡟ࡊߩߢ⺆⧷ޕ‬દㇺ࿾඙࡮ 㜞 ಽ ሶൻ ቇ ࠍୃ ᓧ
࡚ࡦ߿⾰⇼ᔕ╵ߦ㑐ߔࠆၮᧄ⊛ߥ⴫⃻ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ቇ⠌㧘ߒ ߡ ߅ ߊߎ ߣ ߇ᦸ ߹ታ〣ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߒ޿‫ޕ‬

ᶏᵗቇ᭎⺰

٧ᷡ Ꮉ ᣽ ৻࿾⃿⴫㕙ߩ㧞㧛㧟એ਄ߪᶏᵗߦࠃߞߡⷒࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘 ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ᶏ ᵗ߿ ᶏᵗ ᐩ ߦ⥝ ๧⍹ᯅ⚐৻㇢ ࿾⃿ߩⅣႺ࡮ᱧผࠍ⠨߃ࠆ਄ߢߘߩሽ࿷ߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟ᐕએ਄ ߇ ޽ ࠅ 㧘ᣂ ߒ ޿࿾⃿⿒ ᧁ ฝ ߒ߆ߒᄙߊߩੱߦߣߞߡᶏᵗߪߘࠇ߶ߤりㄭߦߪߥ޿ߚ ▫ፒ࿾඙ᗵ ࠍ 㙃 ޿ߚ ޿ฃ⻠ ↢Ꮢ Ꮉ 㚅 ߼㧘ߥ߆ߥ߆ߘߩߎߣࠍታᗵߔࠆߎߣ߇㔍ߒ޿‫ߩߎޕ‬࿾ࠍ ߩ ߙ ߻‫ ޕ‬㧔 ࠹ࠬ ࠻⃿⴫ጀߩᐢ޿▸࿐ࠍභ߼ࠆᶏᵗߪᶏᐩ߽฽߼ߡ㧘‛ℂ࡮ߦ ߡ ⹏ ଔ߇ ᳿ ߹ࠆ ߩൻቇ࡮↢‛࡮࿾ቇߣ޿ߞߚ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ߡታ௝ߩ⸃ߢ 㧘 㓸 ਛߒ ߡ ᝼ᬺ ߦ᣿ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߘߩℂ⸃ߩߚ߼ߦߪᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫⟵⻠ᧄޕ‬⥃߻ߎߣࠍᦼᓙߔ
ߢߪ㧘ታ㓙ߦᶏᵗߢߩ⎇ⓥࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧠ฬߩᢎຬ߇ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕ಽᜂߒ㧘࿾⃿ߩㆊ෰࡮⃻࿷࡮ᧂ᧪ߦ߅ߌࠆᶏᵗ࡮ᶏᵗᐩߩ༡ߺߦߟ޿ߡ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ಾࠅญߢ⚫੺ߒ㧘⊝ߐࠎߣߣ߽ߦ
⠨߃ߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧦㧝㧕଻ဈ⋥♿‫࡮߈⸃⻘ޡ‬ᶏᵗߣᄢ᳇ߩ‛ℂ‫ޢ‬ࡉ࡞࡯ࡃ࠶ࠢࠬ㧕̖᝼ᬺߩౝኈߢ಴ߡߊࠆᶏߩ‛ℂ߇✂⟜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧕㧘㧞㧕ᣣᧄᶏᵗቇળ‫ޡ‬ᶏߣⅣႺ‫ޢ‬㧔⻠⺣␠ࠨࠗࠛࡦ࠹ࠖࡈࠖࠢ㧕㧘㧟 ᐔᦺᒾ࡮ᓢ၂࡮ᧃᑝẖ࡮ᧁਅ⡸‫ޡ‬࿾⃿ߩౝㇱߢߥߦ߇߅ߎߞߡ޿ࠆ߆‫ޢ‬㧔శᢥ␠ᣂᦠ㧕̖ᶏᵗᐩ࡮࿾⃿ߩᱧผߦߟ޿ߡߩᦨᣂߩᚲ⷗㧘㧠㧕ᄢᴡౝ⋥ᒾ‫ޢ࡯࡞ࡉࠣࡦࠫࡦࠚ࠴ޡ‬㧔⻠⺣␠㧕̖ᶏᐩߦ⸥ᙘߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࿾⃿ⅣႺߩᱧผ‫ޕ‬᳇୥ᄌേߩ⸃߈ᣇ
ࠍࠊ߆ࠅ߿ߔߊ⸃⺑ߔࠆ‫ޕ߼ߔߔ߅߭ߗߡߒߣ‛ߺ⺒ޕ‬ྸኒɼ᫆ᅹႸò࿑ᒻᖱႎಣℂ౉ ᄢ ᦬ ᓀ 㚅ⓨ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆ⻉໧㗴ࠍ࿑⊛ߦߣࠄ߃⎇ⓥߔࠆ‫ޟ‬࿑ቇ‫ ޠ‬ᓟᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ㆃ ೞࠍ ߒߥ ޿ ߎߣ ‫ޕ‬㐷ߣ޿߁ቇ໧߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߪߦ⥸৻ޕ‬㧘⚕ߣ╩⸥ౕߦട߃ߡ
㧟ᐕએ਄ ᝼ ᬺ 㐿 ᆎ೨ ߦ ฃ⻠ Ḱਃⷺቯⷙߣࠦࡦࡄࠬࠍ↪޿ߚ૞࿑ߦࠃࠅ૞ᬺ߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇ દㇺ࿾඙஻ ࠍᷣ ߹ߖ ߡ ߅ߊ ߎ߹ߔ߇㧘ߎߩ᝼ᬺߢߪ㧘ߘࠇࠄߩࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߣ㆏ౕࠍࠦࡦ
ߣ‫ޕ‬ࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߣਃᰴర㧯㧳ࠕࡊ࡝ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦ߅߈߆߃㧘ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲߇ታ⃻ߔࠆ઒ᗐⓨ㑆ߢߩ┙૕߿ⓨ㑆ࠍ࿑⊛ߦขࠅᛒߞߡ࿑ቇ໧㗴ࠍ⸃޿ߡ޿߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄙߊߩಽ㊁ߦ᥉෸ ߒ ߟ ߟ ޽ ࠆ ਃ ᰴ ర 㧯㧳 ߿ 㧯㧭 㧰 ࠍℂ ⸃ ߒᵴ↪ ߔ ࠆ਄ߢ㧘ᧄ᝼ᬺߢീᒝߒߚߎߣ߇ᓎ┙ߟߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬㧯㧳ࡕ࠺࡝ࡦࠣߦ߅ߌࠆⓨ㑆ᠲ૞ߩၮ␆⍮⼂ߣߒߡ߽᦭↪ߢߔ‫ޕ‬⣖ᖱႎ⑼ቇ౉㐷 દ⦟⊝໪ᴦྸኒɼ᫆ᅹႸó⣖߆ࠄᖱႎࠍขࠅ಴ߒࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߦߟߥߋࡉ࡟ࠗࡦ ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ․ ߦ੍ ஻⍮ ⼂ ߪᔅ ⷐ㧟ᐕએ਄ ߣ ߒ ߹ ߖࠎ ߇ 㧘⣖ ߦࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ࠗࡦ࠲ࡈࠚ࡯ࠬ߇⣖⑼ቇߩᣂߒ޿ዷ㐿ߣߒߡ⹤㗴ߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⣖⑼ቇߪ㧘ᢥሼߤ߅ࠅ⣖ߦߟ޿ દㇺ࿾඙ߟ ޿ ߡ⥝๧ ߩ ޽ࠆ ቇ
ߡ ⎇ ⓥ ߔ ࠆ ቇ ໧ ಽ ㊁ ߢߔ ߇ 㧘ၮ ␆ කቇ 㧘 ↢‛ቇ 㧘 ‛ℂ↢ࠍᦸߺ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ቇ㧘Ꮏቇ㧘ᖱႎ⑼ቇ㧘ᢙቇ㧘ᔃℂቇߥߤߩᄙጘߩಽ㊁ߦ߹ߚ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆቇ㓙⊛ߥ߽ߩߢߔ‫ߪߢ⟵⻠ᧄޕ‬㧘ᦨᣂߩ޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥಽ㊁ߦ߹ߚ߇ߞߚ⣖⑼ቇߩ⹤㗴߇߈ߜࠎߣℂ
⸃ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ㧘⣖⑼ቇߩℂ⸃ߦᔅⷐߥၮ␆੐㗄߆ࠄᦨㄭߩ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢࠬ߹ߢ㧘⣖ᖱႎಣℂࠍࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ߦ⻠⟵ࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ ‫ޕ‬ᖱႎ⑼ቇߩ਎⇇ ٧ฎ Ꮉ ᶈߎߩ⑼⋡ߢߪ㧘ᖱႎ⑼ቇߩ਎⇇߳ߩᧄᩰ⊛ߥ౉㐷ߣߒ ᓟᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ⻠ ⟵ ౝ ኈߩ ℂ ⸃ߩ ߚጊ ਅ 㓷 ผ ߡ㧘ࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓℂ⺰౉㐷㧘࠺࡯࠲ࡑࠗ࠾ࡦࠣ౉㐷㧘⸘㧟ᐕએ਄ ߼ ߦ 㧘 ․ߦ ᢥ ⑼♽ ฃ
㋈ᧁ⧷ਯㅴ ▚ቇ⠌ℂ⺰౉㐷㧘⥄േផ⺰౉㐷㧘ࡠࡏ࠶࠻Ꮏቇ౉㐷㧘࠹ દㇺ࿾඙⻠ ⠪ ߪචಽ ߥ ੍⠌ ࡮Ἇ ᧄ ⧷ ੑ ࠠࠬ࠻ࡑࠗ࠾ࡦࠣ౉㐷㧘 ⒖േㅢା౉㐷ߥߤߩ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢࠍ
ᓳ⠌߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㐳⼱Ꮉ㓉ਃ ขࠅ਄ߍߡ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࠹ ࠠ ࠬ ࠻㧦․ ߦᜰ ቯᑝᎹ૒ජ↵ߒߥ޿‫ޕ‬㐳⼱Ꮉ ീΦ㧚㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐਥ㗴⑼⋡㧔୘೎ᢎ㙃⑼⋡㧘ᖱႎಣℂ⑼⋡Τߩ⺒ᦧ⑼⋡㧕

᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ฬ
೽㗴

ᜂᒰᢎຬ

᝼

ᬺ

᭎

ⷐ

㐿⻠ቇᦼ
㧔ᦐᣣᤨ㒢㧕 ኻ⽎ቇᐕ
㐿⻠࿾඙

஻
⠨
㧔࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧕

ྸኒɼ᫆ᅹႸô૕㛎ߢቇ߱ࠦࡒ ٧ ౉ ᳯ ᱜ ᵗ ㄭᐕ㧘ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ߇ḩߜḷࠇ㧘․ߦੱ㑆㑐ଥ߿ࠦࡒࡘ࠾
೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⑔ ⋓ ⧷ ᣿ ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ໧㗴ߢᖠ߻ੱ߇Ⴧ߃ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩ⟵⻠ߩߎޕ‬
㧟ᐕએ਄
ߣᔃߩஜᐽ
⋡⊛ߪ㧘ࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊᒻᑼ㧔ታᛛ࡮૕㛎ቇ⠌ᒻᑼ㧕ߢ ▫ፒ࿾඙ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⺖㗴࡮ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ⺖㗴ࠍታ㓙ߦ૕㛎ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ੱߣߩ㑐ࠊࠅᣇ㧘ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ޽ࠅᣇ
ࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ߊߎߣߢߔ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ㧘ዞ⡯ᵴേࠍⴕ߁ߦ޽ߚߞ
ߡ㧘߹ߚߪ␠ળੱ࡮ᄢቇ㒮↢ߣߥߞߡ޿ߊ㓙ߦ㧘ੱ㑆㑐ଥ߿ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩࠬࠠ࡞ߪᔃߩஜᐽߦ߅޿ߡ㊀ⷐߥ߽ߩߣߥࠅ߹ߔߩߢ㧘ߎߩᯏળߦ⥄ಽࠍ⷗ߟ߼ߥ߅
ߔᯏળߣߥࠆߎߣࠍ㗿ߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
ᔕ↪ஜᐽቇ

٧ਣጊ ᔀ
ᣣᏱ↢ᵴߦᷓߊ㑐ଥߔࠆりㄭߥஜᐽ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߪߘߩ ᓟᦼ㧔Ἣ㧝㧕 ోቇㇱ ஜᐽᗧ⼂ߩ㜞޿ቇ ↢⋿ ፒ ⟵ ᙗ ⸃᳿ߦ⚿߮ߟߊ࠮࡞ࡈ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢߩᣇᴺࠍ⠨߃㧘ࡑࠬࠦࡒߢ
㧟ᐕએ਄ ߐࠎߩฃ⻠ࠍᦼ ᓙߒ਄ ࿦ ᘮ ሶ ขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇࠆක≮໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߪ⃻⁁ࠍ⚫੺ߒ⥄ಽߥࠅ ▫ፒ࿾඙߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߩᗧ⷗ࠍᜬߡࠆ᭽ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ფ࿁⻠⟵ߩ࠹࡯ࡑࠍᄌ߃ࠆࠝ
࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߪ․ߦ޽ ࠅࡓ࠾ࡃࠬᣇᑼࠍขࠅ㧘ታ⠌߿૕㛎ࠍ㊀ⷞߒߚ෺ᣇะᕈߩ᝼
߹ߖࠎ߇㧘ᒰ࠮ ࡦ࠲ᬺࠍ⋡ᜰߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡯ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߦ ࠃࠆ‫ࠬࡦࠛ ࠗࠨࠬ࡞ࡋޡ‬ߎߎࠈߣ߆ ࠄߛ‫ޢ‬㧔⷏ᣣᧄᣂ ⡞␠㧕㧘‫⃻ޡ‬ઍஜ ᐽቇ‫ޢ‬㧔਻Ꮊᄢቇ ಴ ળ㧕߇ෳ⠨ߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ძᴈ᳝Შᅈ˟ᡲઃᅹႸ Ɔ࠯঺ᲫᲱ࠰ࡇˌЭλ‫ܖ‬ᎍƸҥˮᛐ‫ܭ‬ưƖǇƤǜƇ
␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆᏒ᳃ߣߒߡߩ␠ળㅪ៤ᵴേߩᗧ⟵ࠍℂ⸃ߒ㧘␠ળ߳ߩ㑐ᔃࠍ㜞߼⥄Ꮖߩ␠ળ⊛૏⟎ߠߌࠍ⹺⼂ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃ
ࠅ㧘ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆୃቇᵴേߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍౣ⹺⼂ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ቇ໧ߣ␠ળߣߩ㑐ࠊࠅߦߟ޿ߡߩ⍮⷗ࠍᷓ߼㧘ቇ↢ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ
ߩ⋡⊛ᗧ⼂ࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߎߩߚ߼ߦ㧘ᢎ⢒⊛ⷐ⚛ߣᢎ⢒⊛ലᨐ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ␠ળㅪ៤ᵴേ㧔ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡦࠪ࠶ࡊ㧘ࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕᵴേ㧘㧺㧼㧻ᴺੱ╬߳ߩෳടߥߤ㧕ࠍቇᄖߦ߅ߌࠆቇୃᵴേߩᚑᨐߣߒߡන૏ࠍ⹺ቯߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ȜȩȳȆǣǢ෇ѣíᲢᲫҥˮᲣȜȩȳȆǣǢ෇ѣîᲢᲫҥˮᲣࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕᵴേࠍቇᄖߦ߅ߌࠆቇୃᵴേߩᚑᨐߣߒߡන૏ࠍ⹺ቯߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ǤȳǿȸȳǷȃȗíᲢᲫҥˮᲣǤȳǿȸȳǷȃȗîᲢᲫҥˮᲣࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡦࠪ࠶ࡊࠍቇᄖߦ߅ߌࠆቇୃᵴേߩᚑᨐߣߒߡන૏ࠍ⹺ቯߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᲢᲫᲣᛐ‫ܭ‬ᙲˑ㧝㧚␠ળㅪ៤ᵴേߣߪ૗߆ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߚ߼㧘દㇺ࿾඙ߢ㐿⻠ߐࠇࠆ‫␠ޟ‬ળㅪ៤ᵴേ⺰‫ޠ‬㧔✚ว⑼⋡㧕ߩන૏ࠍୃᓧߒ
ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ߪߚ߹ޕ‬ฦቇㇱ╬ߢ㐿⻠ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ␠ળㅪ៤ᵴേߦ㑐ߔࠆ⻠⟵ߩන૏ࠍୃᓧߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚ฃ౉వᯏ㑐࡮⚵❱߇ᧄቇߢ⹺ቯߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ᵴേߦଥࠆ✚ᓥ੐ᤨ㑆߇㧘㧞න૏⹺ቯߩ႐วߪ㧢㧜ᤨ㑆એ਄㧘㧝න૏⹺ቯߩ႐วߪ㧟㧜ᤨ㑆એ਄ߩᵴേߢ޽ࠆ
ߎߣ‫ޕ‬ᲢᲬᲣဎᛪ૾ඥ
න૏⹺ቯᏗᦸ⠪ߪ㧘↳⺧ᦠ╬ࠍోቇᢎ⢒⺖ోቇᢎ⢒ᢎോଥ߹ߚߪฦቇㇱ╬ቇ↢ଥ╬߳ឭ಴ߒ㧘੐೨ߦᛚ⹺ࠍᓧࠆߎ
ߣ‫ޕ‬ᵴേ⚳ੌᓟߪ㧘ㅦ߿߆ߦႎ๔ᦠ╬ࠍឭ಴ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ᲢᲭᲣ‫ݙ‬௹૾ඥឭ಴ߐࠇߚ↳⺧ᦠ㘃࡮ႎ๔ᦠ╬ߦၮߠ߈㧘ᦠ㘃ክᩏਗ߮ߦ㕙ធክᩏࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬ᲢᲮᲣᛐ‫ܭ‬ǇưƷ්ǕᲫᲨžᅈ˟ᡲઃ෇ѣᛯſᲢዮӳᅹႸᲣƷҥˮǛ̲ࢽĄᲬᲨဎᛪᲢဎᛪ୿ሁǛμ‫ܖ‬૙Ꮛ૙Ѧ̞ǇƨƸӲ‫ܖ‬ᢿሁ‫ܖ‬ဃ̞ሁƴ੩ЈᲣӖλೞ᧙ȷኵጢӏƼ෇ѣϋܾƴƭƍƯஜ‫ܖ‬Ʒᛐ‫ܭ‬ǛࢽǔĄᲭᲨᅈ˟ᡲઃ෇ѣᲢȜȩȳȆǣǢ෇ѣᲦǤȳǿȸȳǷȃȗሁ ᲣƴࢼʙĄᲮᲨ‫إ‬ԓᲢ‫إ‬ԓ୿ሁǛμ‫ܖ‬૙Ꮛ૙Ѧ̞ǇƨƸӲ‫ܖ‬ᢿሁ‫ܖ‬ဃ̞ሁƴ੩ЈᲣĄᲯᲨ‫ݙ‬௹ӏƼҥˮᛐ‫ܭ‬Ტᛐ‫ܖܭ‬஖ƸᲦ‫إ‬ԓ୿ሁƕ੩ЈƞǕƨ‫ܖ‬஖ᲣᲬᲨዮӳᅹႸᲢသ‫ܖ‬ဃǻȳǿȸ᧏ᜒᅹႸᲣ
᳄᳎᳑Ტ,CRCP KP 6QFC[ U 9QTNFᲣ᧏ᜒᅹႸ
એਅߩ⑼⋡ߪ⇐ቇ↢࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇ᄖ࿖ੱ⍴ᦼ⇐ቇࠦ࡯ࠬߢ㐿⻠ߔࠆ⑼⋡ߢߔ߇㧘✚ว⑼⋡㧔ᐔᚑ㧝㧣ᐕᐲએ೨౉ቇ⠪ߪ୘೎ᢎ㙃⑼⋡㧕ߣߒߡߩጁୃ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ ޕ‬᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߦࠃࠅⴕࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅㧘ᄖ࿖ੱ⍴ᦼ⇐ቇࠦ࡯ࠬ㧔ㅢ⒓㧦㧶㨀㨃㧕ߣߪ㧘ਥߦᧄቇߣ⻉ᄖ࿖ߩᄢቇ㑆ߩቇ↢੤ᵹදቯߦၮߠߊ੤឵⇐ቇ↢ࠍฃߌ౉ࠇߡ޿ࠆඨᐕ
߹ߚߪ㧝ᐕ㑆ߩࠦ࡯ࠬߢߔ‫ޕ‬‫ޝ‬ጁୃ⊓㍳ᣇᴺ‫ޞ‬Ԙ㨪Ԛߩᚻ㗅ߢጁୃ⊓㍳ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬Ԙ⇐ቇ↢⺖㧔▫ፒ࿾඙ ਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚೨ߩ࿖㓙ㇱ᫟ౝ㧕ߢ‫ޟ‬㧶㨀㨃ࠦ࡯ࠬฃ⻠⺞ᦠ‫ࠍޠ‬ฃߌขߞߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ߥ߅㧘㧶㨀㨃ࠦ࡯ࠬฃ⻠⺞ᦠ෸߮ᤨ㑆ഀ࡮ࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ⹦⚦ߪ㧘JVVRYYYKUEM[WUJWWCELRLVYEQWTUGUEQWTUGUJVO ߦߡ࠳࠙ࡦࡠ࡯࠼
ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ԙ‫ޟ‬㧶㨀㨃ࠦ࡯ࠬฃ⻠⺞ᦠ‫ߦޠ‬᝼ᬺᜂᒰᢎຬ߆ࠄฃ⻠⸵นߩ⟑ฬ㧔᛼ශ㧕ࠍฃߌߡ㧘⇐ቇ↢⺖ߦឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬Ԛቇ↢↪㨃㨑㨎ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢጁୃ⊓㍳ࠍߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬

᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ฬ

ᜂᒰᢎຬ

᝼

ᬺ

᭎

ⷐ

㐿⻠ቇᦼ
ኻ⽎
㧔ᦐᣣᤨ㒢㧕ቇᐕ㐿⻠࿾඙஻⠨㧔࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧕

ㄭઍᣣᧄߩ␠ળ ੹ ੗ ੫ ৻
The course is designed to provide some introductory knowledge of ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧞㧕 ోቇㇱ ᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߢ⚻ᷣผ㧞Japanese history. This is a continuation of the history course I taught inోቇᐕ ⴕࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬the previous semester. The course will cover the history of Japan's ▫ፒ࿾඙ේೣߣߒߡ61'(.political and economic system since World War II to the present.
ὐએ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍጁୃ᧦ઙߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣ ᧄ ߩ ᢥ ൻ ⊛ ࡐ࡜࠶ࠢ࡮
This course surveys changing patterns of Japanese material, social, ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧟㧕 ోቇㇱ ᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߢ⊒ዷ࡚ࠫ࡯࠳ࡦ and representational life from prehistoric to early modern times.
ోቇᐕ ⴕࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
Lectures, readings, and discussions applying a question and answer ▫ፒ࿾඙ේೣߣߒߡ61'(.
format will explore important evolutionary transformations in ecology,ὐએ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍጁdemographics, technology, settlement and urbanization, economy,ୃ᧦ઙߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬kinship and family, governance, religion, and aesthetics, among othercultural areas, using mostly anthropological and historical resources.
Transitions in adaptive strategy, or mode of subsistence, from foraging
through horticulture and agriculture to early industrialism, areemphasized as key determinants in the evolutionary process, and willorder our review of Japan’s past. Grading will reflect your participationin discussion and performance on a take-home examination.
࿖㓙㊄Ⲣ౉㐷ఢ᪢ ⧉

The following 7 parts will be included in this class. 1. Key Terms ೨ᦼ㧔Ἣ㧟㧕 ోቇㇱ ᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߢ
2. Financial Polices 3. International Balance of Payment and Movementోቇᐕ ⴕࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬of Capital 4. The Theory of Exchange Rates 5. Capital Market ▫ፒ࿾඙ේೣߣߒߡ61'(.6. International Monetary Systems 7. Financial Crisis. I will provideὐએ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍጁlectures and give students chances to make presentations. Reports areୃ᧦ઙߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
required.

ᣣᧄߣ᧲ࠕࠫࠕ ᧘㑐ଥ⺰ᒄ ᧜This undergraduate level course offers an introduction to the most ೨ᦼ㧔᳓㧞㧕 ోቇㇱ ᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߢ
important aspects of Japan’s role in East Asia, focusing on her evolvingోቇᐕ ⴕࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
relations with main actors in the region such as the U.S., China, Russia ▫ፒ࿾඙ේೣߣߒߡ61'(.and the two Koreas. The goal is to explain Japan’s ever-changing placeὐએ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍጁin the region. The approach is both conceptual and historical. In orderୃ᧦ઙߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬to provide the answers to the questions of “what," "when” and “how” ofJapan’s evolving relations with the above countries, this course draws
upon the best in the domain traditions of international relations andinternational political economy by taking into account the international
activities of both the Japanese state and its people with relevant
historical developments in the background. This is not a course on
contemporary events, although contemporary issues and the post-Cold
War global environment will be seriously considered.

ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ ࡐ࡜࠶ࠢ࡮
㙃ߣᢎ⢒
࡚ࠫ࡯࠳ࡦ

This course examines past and contemporary enculturation practices in ೨ᦼ㧔᳓㧟㧕 ోቇㇱ ᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߢ
Japan, focusing on character and identity formation and training fromోቇᐕ ⴕࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
infancy through childhood to adolescence, in the contexts of home, ▫ፒ࿾඙ේೣߣߒߡ61'(.school, and society at large. Readings, lectures, and class discussionsὐએ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍጁaddress perennial and emergent development issues, and draw variouslyୃ᧦ઙߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
upon anthropological, psychological, sociological, and historicalmaterials. We will consider research by Japanese and foreign scholars
on such topics as mother-infant relations, family member roles andinteractions, adjustment to formal schooling, peer culture effects, mental
health issues, inculcation of morality in the classroom, approaches tolearning and instructional strategies, gender and social class patterns,
and the impact of media (television, video, manga, etc.) on personality,
among others. Grading will be based on class participation, weekly
reflections, and a short research paper. The goal is to deepen yourappreciation of how Japanese become Japanese-how they reproduce andtransform themselves-and of how this broad topic has been approached
in method and theory.

Φ㧚㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐ✚ว⑼⋡㧔⇐ቇ↢㩈㩧㩊㨺㐿⻠⑼⋡㧕

᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ฬ

ᜂᒰᢎຬ

᝼

ᬺ

᭎

ⷐ

㐿⻠ቇᦼ
ኻ⽎
㧔ᦐᣣᤨ㒢㧕ቇᐕ㐿⻠࿾඙஻⠨㧔࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧕

ᄌ⽩ߔࠆᣣᧄ ੹ ੗ ੫ ৻
The course is designed to provide some introductory knowledge of ೨ᦼ㧔᳓㧟㧕 ోቇㇱ ᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߢ⚻ᷣJapanese economy. Students will learn the essence of historical andోቇᐕ ⴕࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
institutional background of Japanese Economy. In this course, we will ▫ፒ࿾඙ේೣߣߒߡ61'(.focus on the structural issue of Japanese economy as a background ofὐએ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍጁthe 10 year depression since the crush of the bubble economy in 1990.
ୃ᧦ઙߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
Key words of this course: Corporate organization and governance,
financial system and corporate groups, competition and businessstrategies, exchange rate regimes and international capital flows,
productivity gap across industries, aging society, education andmeritocracy, economic development and class stratification, and others.
᧲ࠕࠫࠕߩᎼ␞ ࠬ࠹ࠖ࡜࡯࡮ࡑࡗ
This course consists of two components, introductory lectures about ೨ᦼ㧔ᧁ㧞㧕 ోቇㇱ ᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߢߩવ⛔
East Asian religious traditions, and separate discussion and presentationోቇᐕ ⴕࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
sections on pre-modern and contemporary pilgrimage sites in China, ▫ፒ࿾඙ේೣߣߒߡ61'(.Japan and Korea. Students will choose a specific pilgrimage site andὐએ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍጁreligious tradition as the focus of their research. Through reading,ୃ᧦ઙߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
discussion, research, and student presentations, we will examine theroles of pilgrims and merchants, sacred place and sacred time, and theritual elements present in Asian pilgrimage practices across different
religious traditions including Buddhism, Daoism, Shamanism, Shinto
and Shugend. The exploration of a traditional Japanese pilgrimage site
nearby Fukuoka will complement our classroom studies.
⑔ ጟ ߩ ‛ ↥ 㧦 ࠢࡠࠬ࡮࠹ࠖࡓ
This course gives an overview of Hakata identity. The course surveys ೨ᦼ㧔ᧁ㧞㧕 ోቇㇱ ᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߢඳᄙߩ๧
the range of material culture and practices that is used to supportోቇᐕ ⴕࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
Hakata identity. Thematically, attention is given to discourses of local ▫ፒ࿾඙ේೣߣߒߡ61'(.
production and material culture as identity. Methodologically, ourὐએ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍጁoverall concern is with the question of how to represent the experienceୃ᧦ઙߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬of cultural analysis. Fictocritical writing is one way to address several
contexts that frame our response to things we see that invent and sustain
the imaginary community of Hakata. Our classes will generally begin
with an introduction of a certain class of artifact. This will be followed
by in-class writing exercises. You are expected to share your writing
with other people in class. If you are not comfortable reading out yourwork, you can always pass the paper around in your small group.
ᣣᧄ⺆ߩベㇳጟ ፒ ᥓ ᏆThis course will look at some fundamental linguistic features of ೨ᦼ㧔ᧁ㧟㧕 ోቇㇱ ᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߢ
Japanese. In this semester discussion will cover topics related toోቇᐕ ⴕࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Japanese verbs and particles, and cultural aspects of the language. A ▫ፒ࿾඙ේೣߣߒߡ61'(.series of case studies on each topic will be conducted so as to examineὐએ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍጁthe characteristic of Japanese in comparison with English and otherୃ᧦ઙߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
languages where applicable. Evaluation is on the bases of class⻠⟵㧘⸛⺰㧘⊒⴫㧘
participation, one oral presentation (as in a group), quizzes and twoዊ࠹ࠬ࠻ߪోߡ⧷⺆
short written assignments.
ߢⴕࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ឭ಴ߔࠆ⺖㗴࡟ࡐ࡯࠻߽
⧷ᢥߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬⃻ઍߩᣣᧄᢥቇ ࠢࡠࠬ࡮࠹ࠖࡓ

This course does not give an overview of Japanese literature. Instead ೨ᦼ㧔ᧁ㧟㧕 ోቇㇱ ᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߢ
it surveys short stories and several novels written since the mid-eighties.
ోቇᐕ ⴕࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬The course is suitable for students who are interested in examining how ▫ፒ࿾඙ේೣߣߒߡ61'(.literature supports and subverts the idea of national culture.
ὐએ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍጁ
Thematically, attention is given to areas such as history, the family, theୃ᧦ઙߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
body, and sexuality. Our overall concern is with the question of change.
This concern expands beyond consideration of aesthetics decisions
between different kinds of stories and different kinds of presentation(Why is the text designed this way? Can we imagine a different form
for this text?). We will hopefully be able to read a range of stories andnovels as examples of support and critique of the idea of national
identity (What should we do about this text?). Close readings of thetexts will be our primary mode of advance.

㤥Ỉ᣿ߩᣣᧄ

Akira Kurosawa directed 30 films in his more than 50-year career. He ೨ᦼ㧔㊄㧞㧕 ోቇㇱ ᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߢwas first appreciated as a film director in North America, and is nowోቇᐕ ⴕࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
respected by audiences and critics worldwide, including his native ▫ፒ࿾඙ේೣߣߒߡ61'(.Japan. His films have won many awards, and in 1989 he was nominatedὐએ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍጁfor an Academy Award for Best Director. This course will present anୃ᧦ઙߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
overview Kurosawa’s films from 1943-1993 with a focus on his
representation of Japan in his films.

࠽ࠞࡓ࡜࡮࠹࡯ࡑ

Φ㧚㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐ✚ว⑼⋡㧔⇐ቇ↢㩈㩧㩊㨺㐿⻠⑼⋡㧕

᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ฬ

ᜂᒰᢎຬ

᝼

ᬺ

᭎

ⷐ

㐿⻠ቇᦼ
ኻ⽎
㧔ᦐᣣᤨ㒢㧕 ቇᐕ㐿⻠࿾඙஻⠨㧔࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧕

⃻ઍᣣᧄ᡽ᴦ ⬒ ⷗ ੑ ㇢This course is to explore major topics and debates on Japanese ೨ᦼ㧔㊄㧞㧕 ోቇㇱ ᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߢ౉㐷politics. Japan has experienced a dramatic change of the ruling party inోቇᐕ ⴕࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
2009 (from the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) to the Democratic Party ▫ፒ࿾඙ේೣߣߒߡ61'(.of Japan (DPJ)). This government handover provokes such questions asὐએ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍጁto why the half-century-lasting LDP government was so suddenlyୃ᧦ઙߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬collapsed, why Japanese people requested political power shift, andwhat have taken place with the new government for these two years
after this regime change. These questions cannot be properly answered
without sufficient understanding of political institutions, the constitution,
power relationships, political cultures, history, electoral systems,socio-economic conditions, and ideological differences of Japanesesociety. This course, therefore, examines these issues as well as somekey public policies in relation to current Japanese politics. No priorstudy on Japanese politics is required; but some knowledge about
politics of your country is generally useful in understanding theparticularity and the universality of Japanese politics from a comparative
perspective.
⃻ઍᣣᧄߣᄢⴐ ࠽ࠞࡓ࡜࡮࠹࡯ࡑ
This course introduces and defines popular culture through basic ೨ᦼ㧔㊄㧟㧕 ోቇㇱ ᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߢᢥൻ
theories and ideas of consumer, commercial, economic, political andోቇᐕ ⴕࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
media/advertising cultures. The interconnection of these concepts forms ▫ፒ࿾඙ේೣߣߒߡ61'(.a method of examining contemporary Japanese popular culture (JPC).
ὐએ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍጁThe inter-relationship among these concepts to themes in contemporaryୃ᧦ઙߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬Japanese popular culture (JPC) is explored through current scholarly
articles including Japanese, other non-Western and Western scholarship.

᲻᳎᳑Ტ#UKC KP 6QFC[ U 9QTNFᲣ᧏ᜒᅹႸ
એਅߩ⑼⋡ߪ㧘⇐ቇ↢࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇ᄖ࿖ੱ⍴ᦼ⇐ቇࠦ࡯ࠬߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡᄐቄ㓸ਛߢታᣉߔࠆ਻Ꮊᄢቇࠨࡑ࡯ࠦ࡯ࠬߢ㐿⻠ߔࠆ⑼⋡ߢߔ߇㧘✚ว⑼⋡㧔ᐔᚑ㧝㧣ᐕᐲએ೨౉ቇ⠪ߪ୘೎ᢎ㙃⑼⋡㧕ߣߒߡߩጁୃ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ฃ⻠↢൐㓸෸߮ጁୃ⊓㍳ᣇᴺ╬ߩ⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᓟᣣ㧘ឝ␜ߦࠃࠅ߅⍮ࠄߖߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬̪ ᝼ᬺߪߔߴߡ⧷⺆ߦࠃࠅⴕࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ฬ

ᜂᒰᢎຬ

᝼

ᬺ

ౝ

ኈ

㐿⻠ቇᦼ
ኻ⽎
㧔ᦐᣣᤨ㒢㧕 ቇᐕ㐿⻠࿾඙஻⠨㧔࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧕

ォ឵ᦼߩᣣᧄ᡽ ࡃࡦࠝ࡯ࡌ࡞ࡌࠤ This course addresses dynamics of politics and society in Asia ೨ᦼ
ᴦ࡮␠ળ
࠺ࠖࡒ࠻࡝
focusing on Japan in particular. The focus of this course will be on 㓸ਛ⻠⟵
political, legal and social institutions, not only by analyzing how these
institutions are shaped today but also addressing them from an historical, ▫ፒ࿾඙cultural, and sociological perspective. Based on an understanding ofdomestic and bilateral issues, in this course students will also study how
Japan is defining its position in Asia by fostering regional cooperationand how Asia as a region is redefining its relation with the US andEurope.

ోቇㇱ ฃ⻠⠪ߪ61'(.ὐోቇᐕ એ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍ᦭ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬
᝼ᬺᣣ⒟ߪ㧘㨪㧘㨪㧘㨪ߩฦᣣ㒢‫ޕ‬㧔ߣߪ㨪㒢㧕ᣣᧄᢥቇߦ߅ߌ ࡇ࠾ࡦࠣ࠻ࡦ
This is a survey of the literary treatment of death and killing in the ೨ᦼࠆ‫ޟ‬ᱫ‫ߩޠ‬⠨ኤ ࡮ࡁࠛ࡞Japanese tradition from the 7th to the 18th centuries. The course is both a 㓸ਛ⻠⟵
chronological introduction to the literary tradition and an investigationof Japanese conceptions of death, with particular attention paid to ▫ፒ࿾඙
origins in mainland culture and contrasts with that culture. All materials
will be read in English translation.

ోቇㇱ ฃ⻠⠪ߪ61'(.ὐోቇᐕ એ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍ᦭ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬
᝼ᬺᣣ⒟ߪ㧘㨪㧘㨪㧘㨪ߩฦᣣ㒢‫ޕ‬㧔ߣߪ㨪㒢㧕⃻ઍᣣᧄߣࠣࡠ ࡃ࡯ࠫࠚࠬ
How do we understand a rapidly globalizing Japan? What are some ೨ᦼ
࡯ࡃ࡞␠ળ
࡮ࠢ࡝ࠬ
of the keywords necessary to grasp the complexities of Japanese society 㓸ਛ⻠⟵in the twenty-first century? This course attempts to answer suchquestions by covering a broad range of topics related to contemporary ▫ፒ࿾඙Japanese society, including Nihonjinron and national identity, cultural
diplomacy and soft power, ‘international’ marriage, minorities,
migration, and multiculturalism. While the focus is firmly on Japan, theimportance of Japan’s position in and relations with Asia will become
clear as the course develops.

ోቇㇱ ฃ⻠⠪ߪ61'(.ὐోቇᐕ એ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍ᦭ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬
᝼ᬺᣣ⒟ߪ㧘㨪㧘㨪㧘㨪ߩฦᣣ㒢‫ޕ‬㧔ߣߪ㒢ߪ㨪㒢㧕ࠕ ࠫ ࠕ ߩ ਛ ߩ ࡝ࡓ࡮࠲ࠗ࠙ࠚࠗ This course is a survey of issues pertaining to Japan that include ೨ᦼᣣᧄenergy leadership, demographic changes, robotic technologies and soft 㓸ਛ⻠⟵power/creative innovation in popular culture. This course does notpretend to be comprehensive but highlights selectively some aspects of ▫ፒ࿾඙Japan’s unique development not only through text but also throughvisual materials and visits to actual sites. In the context of perceptionsof the Asia-Pacific economic shift, it also situates Japan and its
interactions in Northeast Asia without omitting the great importance andsignificance of US and India to the region.

ోቇㇱ ฃ⻠⠪ߪ61'(.ὐోቇᐕ એ਄ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍ᦭ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬
᝼ᬺᣣ⒟ߪ㧘㨪㧘㨪㧘㨪ߩฦᣣ㒢‫ޕ‬㧔ߣߪ㒢ߪ㨪㒢㧕

ᲭᲨᚕᛖ૨҄ᐯဌᢠ৸ᅹႸ
Ტ࠯঺ᲫᲱ࠰ࡇˌЭλ‫ܖ‬ᎍᲴᚕᛖ૨҄ᅹႸîᲦ‫׎ٳ‬ᛖǳȟȥȋǱȸǷȧȳᅹႸƷᛠஆᅹႸᲣ
⸒⺆ᢥൻၮ␆⑼⋡ࠍ㧔ේೣߣߒߡ㧕ጁୃߒ⚳ࠊߞߚੱߦኻߒߡ㧘ࠃࠅ㜞ᐲߥ⺆ቇജࠍୃᓧߔࠆߚ߼ߩታ〣⊛㧘ታ↪⊛ߥዋੱᢙߩ᝼ᬺߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᄙ᭽ߥቇ⠌⋡⊛ߦኻᔕߒߚ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ࠍࠕ࡜ࠞ࡞࠻ᣇᑼߢ㐿⻠ߒ߹ߔߩߢ㧘Ꮧᦸߦᔕߓߡ⥄↱ߦㆬᛯߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ೋ߼ߡᣂߒ޿ᄖ࿖⺆ࠍጁୃߔࠆੱߦኻߔࠆ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߣߒߡ‫౉ޟ‬㐷㧔෶ߪㅦୃ㧕٤٤⺆‫ޠ‬߽↪ᗧߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘ߎߩ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߪቇㇱ↢ะߌߩ᝼ᬺߢߔ‫ޕ‬ቯຬߦ૛⵨߇޽ࠆ႐วߦ㒢ࠅ㧘ᄢቇ㒮↢㧘ᢎ⡯ຬߦ߽㐿᡼ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬᝼ᬺߪ㧘⸒⺆ᢥൻ⎇ⓥ㒮▫ፒಽቶ㧔▫ፒ࿾඙ᣥᎿቇㇱ㧟ภ㙚㧕෸߮દㇺ࿾඙ߢⴕࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬‫⺆⸒ޟ‬ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡‫ߩޠ‬න૏ߪ㧘✚วㆬᛯጁୃᣇᑼߩන૏ߣߒߡ⹺ቯߐࠇ߹ߔ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆන૏ᢙߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘ቇㇱ࡮ቇ⑼ߦࠃࠅ⇣ߥࠅ߹ߔߩߢ‫ోޡ‬ቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ጁୃⷐ㗄‫ޟߩޢ‬ฦቇㇱ࡮ቇ⑼ߩጁୃ⚦⋡‫ޕ޿ߐߛߊߡߒ⹺⏕ߢޠ‬ߥ߅㧘‫⺆⸒ޟ‬ᢥൻၮ␆⑼⋡‫ޠ‬㧔ᐔᚑᐕᐲએ೨౉ቇ⠪㧦‫⺆⸒ޟ‬ᢥൻ⑼⋡Σ‫ޠ‬㧕ߩන૏ߣߒߡߪ⹺ቯߐࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ᲢᲫᲣ‫̲ޗ‬Ʒˁ૾ᰴߩԘ㨪Ԛߩᚻ㗅ߢฃ⻠↳ㄟߣጁୃ⊓㍳ࠍߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬Ԙ ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡㐿⻠᩺ౝࠍฦቇㇱ╬ቇ↢ଥ㧘દㇺ࿾඙ోቇᢎ⢒ᢎോଥ㧘⸒⺆ᢥൻ⎇ⓥ㒮▫ፒಽቶߢቇᦼ
㐿ᆎ೨ߦ㈩ઃߒ߹ߔߩߢ㧘ฃ⻠ߦ޽ߚߞߡෳᾖߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬⸒⺆ᢥൻ⎇ⓥ㒮▫ፒಽቶࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ㧔JVVRYYYHNEM[WUJWWCELR`HNEDT㧕ߦ߽ឝタߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ԙ න૏ୃᓧᏗᦸߩ᦭ήߦ߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘⸒⺆ᢥൻ⎇ⓥ㒮▫ፒಽቶߢฃ⻠↳ㄟߺࠍߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ߚߛߒ㧘દㇺ࿾඙㐿⻠ߩ⧷⺆⑼⋡ߩฃ⻠Ꮧᦸ⠪ߢ㧘▫ፒಽቶߢ↳ㄟߺࠍߔࠆߎߣ߇࿎㔍ߥ႐วߪ'ࡔ࡯࡞ߢ߽
↳ㄟߺน⢻ߢߔ‫ ޕ‬㧱ࡔ࡯࡞ࠕ࠼࡟ࠬ㧦HNEDT"HNEM[WUJWWCELR̪ ⧷⺆⑼⋡ࠍฃ⻠ߔࠆ႐วߪ㧘ࠢ࡜ࠬಽߌߩߚ߼ߩࡊ࡟ࠗࠬࡔࡦ࠻࠹ࠬ࠻ࠍฃߌߡߊߛߐ޿‫ߒߛߚޕ‬㧘ㆊ෰㧟ᐕએౝߩ61'+%61'(.ߩࠬࠦࠕࠍࡊ࡟ࠗࠬࡔࡦ࠻࠹ࠬ࠻ߩὐᢙߣߒߡ૶↪ߔࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ߪ⚦⹦ޕ‬㐿⻠᩺ౝߢ⏕⹺ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬Ԛ න૏ୃᓧࠍᏗᦸߔࠆ႐วߪ㧘‫ޟ‬ቇ↢↪㨃㨑㨎ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ‫ߢޠ‬ጁୃ⊓㍳ࠍⴕߞߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ᲢᲬᲣ੉ಅಒᙲƂ ᒍᛖ ƃ̪ ⧷⺆ߩ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߪߔߴߡ㧞ᐕ↢એ਄ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬᝼ᬺߩ⹦⚦ࠍࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ㧔JVVRU[NNCDWUM[WUJWWCELR㧕ߢ⏕⹺ߒߡ᝼ᬺߦ⥃ࠎߢߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ᒍᛖ˟ᛅíᲢЭȷࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃Ўܴȷ˙ᣃ‫ע‬ғᲣ⺆ᒵ㧘ᢥᴺജࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘⧷⺆ߦࠃࠆᗧᔒ⇹ㅢࠍࠬࡓ࡯࠭ߦⴕ߁ታ〣⊛⧷⺆ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⢻ജߩ㙃ᚑࠍߪ߆ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒍᛖ˟ᛅîᲢЭȷࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃Ўܴȷ˙ᣃ‫ע‬ғᲣ᡽ᴦ࡮␠ળ࡮⚻ᷣ࡮⑼ቇ╬ߩ⻉ಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆኾ㐷⊛ߥౝኈߦߟ޿ߡ⥄↱ߦળ⹤߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⧷⺆ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯
࡚ࠪࡦ⢻ജߩ㙃ᚑࠍߪ߆ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒍᛖȗȬǼȳȆȸǷȧȳíᲢЭȷࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃Ўܴȷ˙ᣃ‫ע‬ғᲣ⧷⺆ߦࠃࠆലᨐ⊛ߥࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍℂ⸃ߒ㧘ࡄࡉ࡝࠶ࠢ࡮ࠬࡇ࡯ࠠࡦࠣߩၮ␆ࠍቇ߮߹ߔ‫⥸৻ޕ‬⊛ߥౝኈߦߟ޿ߡߩࠬࡇ࡯࠴㧘࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ㧘࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻ߥߤߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ႐㕙ߩࠬࡇ࡯ࠠࡦࠣ⢻ജߩ㙃ᚑࠍߪ߆ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒍᛖȗȬǼȳȆȸǷȧȳîᲢࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃Ўܴȷ˙ᣃ‫ע‬ғᲣ⧷⺆ࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦΣߩౝኈߦ㑐ߒߡߐࠄߦ㜞ᐲߥ⸠✵ࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ኾ㐷⊛ߥౝኈߦߟ޿ߡߩࠬࡇ࡯࠴㧘࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ㧘࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻ߥߤߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ႐㕙ߩࠬࡇ࡯ࠠࡦࠣ⢻ജߩ㙃ᚑࠍߪ߆ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Φ㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡㧔⸒⺆ᢥൻ⑼⋡Τ㧘ᄖ࿖⺆ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⑼⋡ߩ⺒ᦧ⑼⋡㧕ᒍᛖȪǹȋȳǰíᲢЭȷࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣ⧷⺆ߦࠃࠆ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬࠍਛᔃߣߒߚᢎ᧚ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘⥄ὼߥㅦߐߩ⧷⺆߇ℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥ㧘⡬⸃ജߩ㙃ᚑࠍ߼ߑߒ
߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒍᛖȪǹȋȳǰîᲢЭȷࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣ᡽ᴦ࡮␠ળ࡮⚻ᷣ࡮⑼ቇ╬ߩ⻉ಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆኾ㐷⊛ߥౝኈߦߟ޿ߡߩ⻠⟵߿⻠Ṷ㧘෸߮࠹࡟ࡆ࠼࡜ࡑ߿࠼ࠠࡘ
ࡔࡦ࠲࡝࡯߿ᤋ↹╬ࠍᢎ᧚ߣߒߡ↪޿ߡ㧘㜞ᐲߥ⡬⸃ജߩ㙃ᚑࠍ߼ߑߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒍᛖȩǤȆǣȳǰíᲢЭ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦ˙ᣃ‫ע‬ғᲣ⧷ᢥࡄ࡜ࠣ࡜ࡈߩᦠ߈ᣇࠍ〯߹߃ߚ਄ߢ㧘৻⥸⊛ߥౝኈߦߟ޿ߡߩ⧷ᢥࠛ࠶࠮ࠗߩ᭴ᚑߣၫ╩ᴺࠍቇ߮߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒍᛖȩǤȆǣȳǰîᲢЭȷࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃Ўܴȷ˙ᣃ‫ע‬ғᲣ⺰ᢥߩ᭴ᚑߣၫ╩ᴺߩၮ␆ࠍቇ߮߹ߔ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥ⺰ᢥࠍၫ╩ߔࠆߩߦᔅⷐߥ⺰ℂ⊛ᕁ⠨⢻ജ߿⺰ℂ⊛ᢥ┨᭴ᚑ⢻ജߩ㙃ᚑࠍ߼ߑߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒍᛖȪȸȇǣȳǰíᲢЭȷࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣ⧷ሼᣂ⡞߿⧷ᢥ㔀⹹ߥߤߩ⸥੐ࠍ⺒ߺߎߥߔ⢻ജߩ㙃ᚑࠍ߼ߑߒ߹ߔ‫ᤨޕ‬੐⧷⺆ࠍਛᔃߦ⺒ߺ߹ߔ߇㧘ੱᢥ⑼ቇ࡮
␠ળ⑼ቇ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩ⻉ಽ㊁ߩ⸥੐ࠍ⺒߻ߎߣ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒍᛖȪȸȇǣȳǰîᲢЭȷࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣᣂ⡞߿㔀⹹ߩ⸥੐ߛߌߢߥߊනⴕᧄ߽฽ࠎߛᄢ㊂ߩ⧷ᢥࠍᣧߊᱜ⏕ߦ⺒߻⢻ജߩ㙃ᚑࠍ߼ߑߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒍᛖȪȸȇǣȳǰïᲢЭȷࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣኾ㐷⊛ߥ㗴᧚ߦߟ޿ߡߩ㜞ᐲߥౝኈߩᢥ₂ࠍਛᔃߦᱜ⏕ߦ⺒⸃ߔࠆജߩ㙃ᚑࠍ߼ߑߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒍᛖȆǹȈȷȆǤǭȳǰᲢЭȷࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃Ўܴȷ˙ᣃ‫ע‬ғᲣ㨀㧻㧱㧲㧸߿㨀㧻㧱㧵㧯ߥߤߩ࿖㓙⊛ߦㅢ↪ߔࠆ⧷⺆ᬌቯ⹜㛎ߩࠬࠦࠕࠍ਄ߍࠆߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥ⢻ജߩ㙃ᚑࠍ߼ߑߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬หߓቇᦼߦⶄᢙ㐿⻠ߔࠆ႐วߪ㧘৻ᣇࠍ㨀㧻㧱㧲㧸ฃ㛎ߩߚ߼ߩࠢ࡜ࠬ㧘ઁᣇࠍ㨀㧻㧱㧵㧯ฃ㛎ߩߚ߼ߩࠢ࡜ࠬߦಽߌࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ƃਃ࢘૙ՃᲢ࠯঺ᲬᲮ࠰ࡇᲣ ƃǢȸȠǹȈȭȳǰᲦ᳇ᲨǢȬȪȸǺᲦ᳄Შᤠ ங ᨙ ‫܇‬ǿ ȸȊ ȸᲦ᳊Შ

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ᲤҮƸ᩼ࠝѮᜒࠖƂ ȉǤȄᛖ ƃ̪ ‫౉ޟ‬㐷࠼ࠗ࠷⺆‫ޠ‬એᄖߩ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߩ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߪ㧞ᐕ↢એ਄ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬᝼ᬺߩ⹦⚦ࠍࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ㧔JVVRU[NNCDWUM[WUJWWCELR㧕ߢ⏕⹺ߒߡ᝼ᬺߦ⥃ࠎߢߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ȉǤȄᛖɶኢíᲢᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣƆ࠯঺ᲬᲯ࠰ࡇ᧏ᜒʖ‫ܭ‬Ƈ⸒⺆ᢥൻၮ␆⑼⋡ߢቇࠎߛ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ࠍ⛮ᛚ࡮⊒ዷߐߖ㧘ߐࠄߦ㜞ᐲߥ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߩ✚ว⊛ㆇ↪⢻ജߩᶩ㙃ࠍ߼ߑߒ߹ߔ‫⺆࠷ࠗ࠼ޕ‬ᬌቯ㧟⚖ߦวᩰߔࠆജࠍߟߌࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ȉǤȄᛖɶኢîᲢࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣ⸒⺆ᢥൻၮ␆⑼⋡෸߮࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ਛ⚖Σߢቇࠎߛ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ࠍ⛮ᛚ࡮⊒ዷߐߖ㧘ߐࠄߦ㜞ᐲߥ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߩ✚ว⊛ㆇ↪⢻ജߩᶩ㙃ࠍ߼ߑߒ߹ߔ‫⺆࠷ࠗ࠼ޕ‬ᬌቯ㧟⚖෸߮㧞⚖ߦวᩰߔࠆജࠍߟߌࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒ߹ߔ‫⺆࠷ࠗ࠼ޕ‬ਛ⚖Σࠍጁୃߒߡ޿ߥ޿ੱ߽ฃ⻠ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ȉǤȄᛖǪȸȩȫ๫፼íᲢЭ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣ․ߦ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߩ⡞߈ขࠅ⢻ജߣ⊒⹤⢻ജߩ㙃ᚑࠍ߼ߑߒߡ㧘ၮ␆⊛ߥቇ⠌ࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᢥሼᖱႎࠍߣ߅ߒߡߩ
࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ࠃࠅ߽㖸ჿᯏ⢻ߣߒߡߩ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߩಣℂߦ㊀ὐࠍ⟎߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Φ㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡㧔⸒⺆ᢥൻ⑼⋡Τ㧘ᄖ࿖⺆ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⑼⋡ߩ⺒ᦧ⑼⋡㧕ȉǤȄᛖǪȸȩȫ๫፼îᲢᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣƆ࠯঺ᲬᲯ࠰ࡇ᧏ᜒʖ‫ܭ‬Ƈ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ࠝ࡯࡜࡞Ṷ⠌Σߩౝኈࠍߐࠄߦ㜞߼㧘․ߦ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߩ⡞߈ขࠅ⢻ജߣ⊒⹤⢻ജߩߐࠄߥࠆะ਄ࠍ߼ߑ
ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬᭽‫⁁߿ࡑ࡯࠹ߥޘ‬ᴫࠍ⸳ቯߒ㧘ᢥሼᖱႎࠍㅢߒߡߩ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ࠃࠅ߽㖸ჿᯏ⢻ߣߒߡߩ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߩಣℂߦ
㊀ὐࠍ⟎߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ȉǤȄᛖᛠᚐ๫፼íᲢЭ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߩᢥ┨ࠍᱜ⏕ߦ⺒⸃ߒ㧘ᣣᧄ⺆ߦ⠡⸶ߔࠆߚ߼ߩℂ⺰ࠍቇ߮㧘ߘࠇࠍ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᢎ᧚ࠍ↪޿ߡታ〣ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇ㒮ࠍฃ㛎ߔࠆ㓙ߦ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆߇ᔅⷐߥੱߦㆡߒߚ᝼ᬺߢߔ‫ޕ‬ȉǤȄᛖᛠᚐ๫፼îᲢࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆⺒⸃Ṷ⠌Σߩౝኈࠍߐࠄߦ㜞߼㧘᭽‫ߩ࡞ࡦࡖࠫߥޘ‬ᢥ┨߿㜞ᐲߥᢥ₂ࠍ⺒⸃ߔࠆ⢻ജࠍ㙃ᚑߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ȉǤȄᛖᘙྵ๫፼íᲢᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣƆ࠯঺ᲬᲯ࠰ࡇ᧏ᜒʖ‫ܭ‬Ƈ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߩ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ⢻ജߩၮ␆⊛ߥജࠍ㙃ᚑߒ߹ߔ‫ߢ⺆࠷ࠗ࠼ޕ‬ળ⹤ࠍߔࠆߣ߈߽㧘ታߪ⑳ߚߜߪහᐳߦ
⁛૞ᢥࠍߒߡ޿ࠆߩߛߣ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬᭴ᢥ߿⸒޿࿁ߒࠍୃᓧߒߡ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߦࠃࠆ⴫⃻ജࠍિ߫ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

ȉǤȄᛖᘙྵ๫፼îᲢᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣƆ࠯঺ᲬᲯ࠰ࡇ᧏ᜒʖ‫ܭ‬Ƈ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆⴫⃻Ṷ⠌Σߩౝኈࠍߐࠄߦ㜞߼㧘࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߦࠃࠆ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ⢻ജࠍ㙃ᚑߒ߹ߔ‫ⶄ߿߿ޕ‬㔀ߥ᭴ᢥ߿࠼ࠗ࠷⺆․᦭ߩ⸒޿࿁ߒࠍୃᓧߒߡ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߦࠃࠆ⴫⃻ജࠍߐࠄߦિ߫ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ȉǤȄᛖႆ᪦๫፼ᲢᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣƆ࠯঺ᲬᲯ࠰ࡇ᧏ᜒʖ‫ܭ‬Ƈᣣᧄੱߦߪ㔍ߒ޿࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߩ୘‫⊒ߩޘ‬㖸߿ᢥ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩᒝᒙࠕࠢ࠮ࡦ࠻㧘㜞ૐࠕࠢ࠮ࡦ࠻ߥߤࠍ฽߻࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߩ࡝࠭ࡓࠍቇ⠌ߒ㧘ᱜ⏕ߦ⊒㖸ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦታ〣⊛✵⠌ࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ȉǤȄᛖȪǹȋȳǰ๫፼íᲢࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߩᢥ┨ࠍ⡞߈ขࠆ㓙ߦᔅⷐߥࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍቇ߮ߥ߇ࠄ㧘ታ〣⊛ߥ✵⠌ࠍⴕ޿㧘࡝ࠬ࠾ࡦࠣ⢻ജߩะ਄ࠍ
߼ߑߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ȉǤȄᛖȪǹȋȳǰ๫፼îᲢᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣƆ࠯঺ᲬᲯ࠰ࡇ᧏ᜒʖ‫ܭ‬Ƈ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆࡝ࠬ࠾ࡦࠣṶ⠌Σߩౝኈࠍߐࠄߦ㜞߼㧘ᢥ┨ߩࠬࡇ࡯࠼㧘ౝኈ㧘⹤ߔੱߥߤࠍᄙ᭽ൻߒ㧘ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ
ࠪ࠴ࡘࠛ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߦኻᔕߢ߈ࠆ࡝ࠬ࠾ࡦࠣ⢻ജࠍ㙃ᚑߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬λᧉȉǤȄᛖᲢࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣ╙㧟ᄖ࿖⺆╬ߣߒߡ㧘ೋ߼ߡ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ࠍቇ⠌ߔࠆੱࠍኻ⽎ߦߒߚ⑼⋡ߢߔ‫⊒ޕ‬㖸߅ࠃ߮ၮᧄ⊛ߥᢥᴺ㧘߿ߐߒ޿ᢥ┨ࠍቇ߱ೋᱠ߆ࠄᆎ߼߹ߔ߇㧘᝼ᬺߩኒᐲ࡮ㅴᐲߪ㧘ඨᐕߢ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ᬌቯ㧠⚖ߦวᩰߔࠆ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ⋡ᮡࠍ⟎߈߹ߔ‫╙ࠍ⺆࠷ࠗ࠼ޕ‬㧝࡮╙㧞ᄖ࿖⺆ߦㆬᛯߒߡ޿ߥ޿ోቇᐕࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ȉǤȄᛖ‫ח‬ƷᚕᛖƱ૨҄ᲢЭ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣ࠼ࠗ࠷ߪ߽ߣࠃࠅࠬࠗࠬ߿ࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡝ࠕߥߤߩ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆߇⹤ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࿾ၞߩᢥൻ࡮ᱧผ࡮␠ળߥߤࠍᄙᣇ㕙߆ࠄቇ߮߹ߔ‫ޕ‬᭽‫ࠄ߆ࠕࠖ࠺ࡔߥޘ‬ᢎ᧚ࠍㆬᛯߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ƃਃ࢘૙ՃᲢ࠯঺ᲬᲮ࠰ࡇᲣ ƃ‫ ޢ‬᣼ᡶǫǹȤȳᲦ᲻5

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Φ㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡㧔⸒⺆ᢥൻ⑼⋡Τ㧘ᄖ࿖⺆ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⑼⋡ߩ⺒ᦧ⑼⋡㧕Ƃ ȕȩȳǹᛖ ƃ̪‫౉ޟ‬㐷ࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ⺆‫ޠ‬એᄖߩࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ⺆ߩ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߪ㧞ᐕ↢એ਄ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬᝼ᬺߩ⹦⚦ࠍࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ㧔JVVRU[NNCDWUM[WUJWWCELR㧕ߢ⏕⹺ߒߡ᝼ᬺߦ⥃ࠎߢߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬λᧉȕȩȳǹᛖᲢЭȷࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣ౉㐷⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒ㧘⍴ᦼ㑆ߢࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ⺆ᢥᴺߩၮ␆ࠍୃᓧߔࠆߎߣࠍ߼ߑߒ߹ߔ‫⺆ࠬࡦ࡜ࡈޕ‬ౣ౉㐷㧔TGE[ENCIG㧕
ߣߒߡ߽Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦᵴ↪ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫╙ࠍ⺆ࠬࡦ࡜ࡈޕ‬㧝࡮╙㧞ᄖ࿖⺆ߦㆬᛯߒߡ޿ߥ޿ోቇᐕࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ȕȩȳǹᛖ˺૨ǳȸǹᲢࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ⺆ߩၮ␆ࠍୃᓧߒߚቇ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߦ㧘ࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ⺆ࠄߒ޿ࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ⺆ࠍ✄ࠆߚ߼ߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍᚻ߶ߤ߈ߒ߹
ߔ‫ޕ‬ȕȩȳǹᛖᛠᚐǳȸǹᲢЭ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ⺆ߩၮ␆ࠍୃᓧߒߚቇ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߦ㧘ࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ⺆ࠍࠃࠅᱜ⏕ߦ㧘ࠃࠅᷓߊ๧⺒ߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠦ࠷ࠍવ᝼ߒ߹
ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇ㒮ฃ㛎ߦ╙㧞ᄖ࿖⺆߇ᔅⷐߥቇ↢ߦᦨㆡߢߔ‫ޕ‬ȕȩȳǹᛖܱဇ˟ᛅᲢЭȷࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ⺆ࠍ߭ߣߣ߅ࠅቇࠎߛቇ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߦ㧘ታ〣⊛ળ⹤⢻ജߩߐࠄߥࠆะ਄ࠍ߼ߑߒ߹ߔ‫⻠ੱࠬࡦ࡜ࡈޕ‬Ꮷ߇ᜂᒰߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ƃਃ࢘૙ՃᲢ࠯঺ᲬᲮ࠰ࡇᲣ ƃ˱ ᕲ χ ‫܇‬፶ ᝶ ជʚȪǷȥȸᲦᲽᲨ
ᲤҮƸ᩼ࠝѮᜒࠖƂ ɶ ‫ ׎‬ᛖ ƃ̪‫౉ޟ‬㐷ਛ࿖⺆Σ㧘Τ‫ޠ‬એᄖߩਛ࿖⺆ߩ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߪ㧞ᐕ↢એ਄ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬᝼ᬺߩ⹦⚦ࠍࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ㧔JVVRU[NNCDWUM[WUJWWCELR㧕ߢ⏕⹺ߒߡ᝼ᬺߦ⥃ࠎߢߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬λᧉɶ‫׎‬ᛖíᲢЭ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣਛ࿖⺆ࠍቇࠎߛߎߣ߇ߥ޿ੱࠍኻ⽎ߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ౝኈߪਛ࿖⺆ΣߦḰߓ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ਛ࿖⺆ࠍ╙㧝࡮╙㧞ᄖ࿖⺆ߦㆬᛯߒߡ޿ߥ޿ోቇᐕࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬λᧉɶ‫׎‬ᛖîᲢࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣ౉㐷ਛ࿖⺆Σߦ⛯ߊ⑼⋡ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ౝኈߪਛ࿖⺆ΤߦḰߓ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ਛ࿖⺆ࠍ╙㧝࡮╙㧞ᄖ࿖⺆ߦㆬᛯߒߡ޿ߥ޿ోቇᐕ
ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ɶ‫׎‬ᛖӝᛖíᲢЭ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣਛ࿖⺆ߩ߿߿㜞ᐲߥળ⹤⢻ജߩୃᓧࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ɶ‫׎‬ᛖӝᛖîᲢᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣƆ࠯঺Წ࠰ࡇ᧏ᜒʖ‫ܭ‬Ƈਛ࿖⺆ญ⺆Σߩၮ␆ߩ਄ߦ㧘ߐࠄߥࠆળ⹤⢻ജߩะ਄ࠍ߼ߑߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ɶ‫׎‬ᛖᎥƖӕǓíᲢᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣƆ࠯঺Წ࠰ࡇ᧏ᜒʖ‫ܭ‬Ƈਛ࿖⺆ߩ߿߿㜞ᐲߥ⡞߈ขࠅ⢻ജߩୃᓧࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ౝኈߪේೣߣߒߡ⸒⺆ᢥൻၮ␆⑼⋡ߩਛ࿖⺆㧸㧸ߩᰴߩᲑ㓏ߦ޽ߚࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ɶ‫׎‬ᛖᎥƖӕǓîᲢࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣਛ࿖⺆⡞߈ขࠅΣߩၮ␆ߩ਄ߦ㧘⡞߈ขࠅ⢻ജࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠆߎߣࠍ߼ߑߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ƃਃ࢘૙ՃᲢ࠯঺ᲬᲮ࠰ࡇᲣ
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ƂǹȚǤȳᛖƃ̪‫౉ޟ‬㐷ࠬࡍࠗࡦ⺆‫ޠ‬એᄖߩࠬࡍࠗࡦ⺆ߩ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߪ㧞ᐕ↢એ਄ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬᝼ᬺߩ⹦⚦ࠍࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ㧔JVVRU[NNCDWUM[WUJWWCELR㧕ߢ⏕⹺ߒߡ᝼ᬺߦ⥃ࠎߢߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬λᧉǹȚǤȳᛖᲢЭ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣࠬࡍࠗࡦ⺆ߩೋᔃ⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߦߒߚ⑼⋡ߢߔ‫ߩ⺆ࡦࠗࡍࠬޕ‬ᢥሼ㧘⊒㖸߆ࠄᆎ߼ߡᢥᴺߩၮ␆ࠍ߭ߣߣ߅ࠅቇ⠌ߒ߹ߔ‫╙ࠍ⺆ࡦࠗࡍࠬޕ‬㧝࡮╙㧞ᄖ࿖⺆ߦㆬᛯߒߡ޿ߥ޿ోቇᐕࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ዮӳǹȚǤȳᛖ๫፼ᲢᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣƆ࠯঺ᲬᲯ࠰ࡇ᧏ᜒʖ‫ܭ‬Ƈࠬࡍࠗࡦ⺆ߩ✚ว⢻ജ㧔⡞ߊ࡮⹤ߔ࡮⺒߻࡮ᦠߊ⢻ജ㧕ࠍࠬࡍࠗࡦ⺆࿤ߢ⵾૞ߐࠇߚᦨᣂߩᢎ᧚㧔&8&╬㧕ࠍ↪
޿ߡ㙃ᚑߒߡ޿߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᘙྵǹȚǤȳᛖᲢࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣࠬࡍࠗࡦ⺆ߩᢥᴺ⍮⼂ࠍ߭ߣߣ߅ࠅりߦߟߌߚੱࠍኻ⽎ߦߒߚ૞ᢥࠢ࡜ࠬߢߔ‫ߦ․ޕ‬㧘ᣣᧄੱ߇ࠬࡍࠗࡦ⺆ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆ㓙ߦ㑆㆑߃߿ߔ޿㗄⋡ߦὶὐࠍ޽ߡ㧘ߘࠇࠄࠍᱜߒߊ૶޿ߎߥߖࠆࠃ߁๺ᢥ⷏⸶㧛⷏ᢥ๺⸶ߩ✵⠌ࠍⴕߞߡ޿߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Φ㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡㧔⸒⺆ᢥൻ⑼⋡Τ㧘ᄖ࿖⺆ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⑼⋡ߩ⺒ᦧ⑼⋡㧕଺ʙǹȚǤȳᛖᲢࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣࠬࡍࠗࡦ⺆࿤ߢ⊒ⴕߐࠇߚᣂ⡞࡮㔀⹹ߩ♖⺒ࠍㅢߒߡ㧘ࠬࡍࠗࡦ⺆࿤ߩ⃻⁁෸߮ᣣᧄߣࠬࡍࠗࡦ⺆࿤ߩ㑐ଥ㧘ߐࠄߦߪ࿖㓙␠ળߩേะ߇ࠬࡍࠗࡦ⺆࿤ߦ߅޿ߡߤߩࠃ߁ߦᝒ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠍ⠨ኤߒߡ޿߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ǹȚǤȳᛖ‫ח‬ƷᚕᛖƱ૨҄ᲢЭ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣࠬࡍࠗࡦ⺆ߩ✚ว⢻ജ㧔⡞ߊ࡮⹤ߔ࡮⺒߻࡮ᦠߊ⢻ജ㧕ߩ߁ߜ㧘․ߦ‫ޟ‬⡞ߊ‫ޠ߻⺒ޟޠ‬ജߩะ਄ߣࠬࡍࠗࡦ⺆࿤ߩ␠ળ࡮ᢥൻ⊛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ƃਃ࢘૙ՃᲢ࠯঺ᲬᲮ࠰ࡇᲣ

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ȕǸȨǷ ȟȨǳ

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ƻǖǈ
ᲤҮƸ᩼ࠝѮᜒࠖƂǤȳȉȍǷǢᛖƃ̪ోቇᐕࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ ޕ‬᝼ᬺߩ⹦⚦ࠍࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ㧔JVVRU[NNCDWUM[WUJWWCELR㧕ߢ⏕⹺ߒߡ᝼ᬺߦ⥃ࠎߢߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬λᧉǤȳȉȍǷǢᛖíᲢЭ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⺆ࠍೋ߼ߡቇ⠌ߔࠆੱࠍኻ⽎ߦߒߚ⑼⋡ߢߔ‫౒ࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗߪ⺆ࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޕ‬๺࿖ߩ౒ㅢ⺆ߣߒߡᄙߊߩੱ‫ࠅ߅ߡࠇߐ⹤ߦޘ‬㧘ࡑ࡟࡯ࠪࠕߢ⹤ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࡑ࡟࡯ࠪࠕ⺆ߣ㧘ࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ߣࡉ࡞ࡀࠗߢ⹤ߐࠇߡ޿
ࠆࡑ࡟࡯⺆ߣ߽㕖Ᏹߦࠃߊૃߚ⸒⺆ߢߔߩߢ㧘ߘࠇࠄߩ㓞࿖ߢ߽ㅢߓ߹ߔ‫ߪ⸥⴫ޕ‬㧘ࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻ߢ㧘ߒ߆߽ࡠ࡯ࡑሼ⺒ߺߔࠇ߫ߛ޿ߚ޿ㅢߓࠆߩߢ⊒㖸߽᭴ㅧ߽Ყセ⊛◲නߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᢥሼߩ⊒㖸߆ࠄᆎ߼㧘ೋᱠ⊛ߥᢥᴺ߿ᢥ┨ࠍ૶ߞߡࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⺆ߩᣣᏱળ⹤߿ᣏⴕߩᤨᓎߦ┙ߟળ⹤ߩୃᓧࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬᝼ᬺߪ㧘ญ㗡ߩ✵⠌໧㗴ࠍਛᔃߦㅴ߼߹ߔ‫ޕ‬λᧉǤȳȉȍǷǢᛖîᲢࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣ౉㐷ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⺆Σߦᒁ߈⛯߈㧘ߐࠄߦ৻ᱠㅴࠎߛࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⺆ߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᢥᴺ߿᭴ᢥߣࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱߦ
಴ળߞߚࠄߔߋߦ૶߃ࠆ↢߈ߚࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⺆ߩୃᓧࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߥ᭴ᢥࠍⷡ߃ߡ㧘ቇࠎߛ⺆ᒵࠍ૶ߞߡ㧘᭽‫ߥޘ‬႐㕙ߩળ⹤ࠍ૞ߞߡ✵⠌ߒ㧘ࠃࠅࠬࡓ࡯࠭ߦࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⺆ߢߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍߪ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ߼
ߑߒ߹ߔ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ળ⹤ߩ⢛᥊ߦ޽ࠆࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߩᢥൻ߿↢ᵴ⠌ᘠߦ߽㓐ᤨ⸅ࠇߡ޿߈ߚ޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ƃਃ࢘૙ՃᲢ࠯঺ᲬᲮ࠰ࡇᲣᢒᕲ ȕǡȓǪȩ

ƃᲤҮƸ᩼ࠝѮᜒࠖƂǤǿȪǢᛖƃ̪ోቇᐕࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ ޕ‬᝼ᬺߩ⹦⚦ࠍࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ㧔JVVRU[NNCDWUM[WUJWWCELR㧕ߢ⏕⹺ߒߡ᝼ᬺߦ⥃ࠎߢߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬λᧉǤǿȪǢᛖíᲢЭ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣࠗ࠲࡝ࠕ⺆ࠍೋ߼ߡቇ⠌ߔࠆੱࠍኻ⽎ߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᢥሼ㧘⊒㖸㧘ᢥᴺߩၮ␆ࠍቇ⠌ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ታ↪⊛ߥࠗ࠲࡝ࠕ⺆ߩୃᓧࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⊒㖸ߣ⴫⸥㧘ቯ౰⹖ߣਇቯ౰⹖㧘ฬ⹖ߣᒻኈ⹖ߩᄌൻ㧘̌GUUGTG̍ߣ̌CXGTG̍േ⹖ࠍ૶ߞߚ⦡‫⃻⴫ߥޘ‬㧘േ⹖㧔ਇⷙೣേ⹖߽฽߼ߡ㧕ߩ⃻࿷ᒻ㧘㑐ଥઍฬ⹖㧘೽⹖ߥߤ‫ޕ‬λᧉǤǿȪǢᛖîᲢࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦᡵᲫ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣ೨ᦼߦ߅ߌࠆቇ⠌ౝኈߩℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼ߥ߇ࠄ㧘ਛ⚖࡟ࡌ࡞߹ߢߩࠗ࠲࡝ࠕ⺆ᢥᴺ㧔ㆊ෰ᒻ߿ㅴⴕᒻߥߤ㧕ࠍቇ⠌ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬නߥࠆᢥ┨ߩᥧ⸥ߢߪߥߊ㧘ᢥᴺߩၮ␆⍮⼂ࠍᔕ↪ߒ㧘૞ᢥ߿ળ⹤ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇⋡⊛ߢߔ‫ޕ‬Ƃਃ࢘૙ՃᲢ࠯঺ᲬᲮ࠰ࡇᲣ
Ȟȭȸȍ᳆

ƃᲤҮƸ᩼ࠝѮᜒࠖΦ㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡㧔⸒⺆ᢥൻ⑼⋡Τ㧘ᄖ࿖⺆ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⑼⋡ߩ⺒ᦧ⑼⋡㧕ƂǪȩȳȀᛖƃ̪ోቇᐕࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㓸ਛ⻠⟵ߩታᣉᣣ⒟╬ߪ᳿ቯᰴ╙ឝ␜ߢ߅⍮ࠄߖߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᡮ̲ǪȩȳȀᛖíᲢЭ஖᧏ᜒᲦᨼɶᜒ፯ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳⺆ࠍೋ߼ߡቇ⠌ߔࠆੱࠍኻ⽎ߦߒߚ⑼⋡ߢߔ‫ࠅ߅ߡࠇߐ⹤ߢߤߥ࡯ࠡ࡞ࡌ߿࠳ࡦ࡜ࠝߪ⺆࠳ࡦ࡜ࠝޕ‬㧘⧷⺆߿࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߦࠃߊૃߚ⸒⺆ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ೋᱠ⊛ߥᢥᴺ߿◲නߥᢥ┨ߩ⠌ᓧࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒ㧘ኻ⹤ᒻᑼߩ✵⠌ࠍਛᔃߦ᝼ᬺ
ࠍㅴ߼߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߢߪ޽ࠇߛߌᄙߊߩੱ߇⧷⺆߿࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ࠍቇ⠌ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߦ㧘ࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳⺆ߩߢ߈ࠆੱߪߏߊࠊߕ
߆ߒ߆޿߹ߖࠎ‫ࠍ⺆࠳ࡦ࡜߽ࠝࠎߐ⊝ޕ‬ቇࠎߢߺ߹ߖࠎ߆㧫ᡮ̲ǪȩȳȀᛖîᲢᡵ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣƆ࠯঺࠰ࡇ᧏ᜒʖ‫ܭ‬Ƈ‫ޟ‬ㅦୃࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳⺆Σ‫ߦޠ‬ᒁ߈⛯߈㧘ၮ␆⊛ߥᢥᴺ߿ᐔᤃߥᢥ┨ߩ⠌ᓧࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒ㧘ኻ⹤✵⠌ࠍㅢߒߡ㧘ᣣᏱ⊛ߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⢻ജߩะ਄ࠍ߼ߑߒ߹ߔ‫ޟޕ‬ㅦୃࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳⺆Σ‫ࠍޠ‬ጁୃߒߚੱ߆ห⒟ᐲߩቇജߩ޽ࠆੱࠍኻ⽎ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ƃਃ࢘૙ՃᲢ࠯঺ᲬᲮ࠰ࡇᲣဋ လ ፯ ʂƃƂǨǹȚȩȳȈƃ
̪ోቇᐕࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㓸ਛ⻠⟵ߩታᣉᣣ⒟╬ߪ᳿ቯᰴ╙ឝ␜ߢ߅⍮ࠄߖߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᡮ̲ǨǹȚȩȳȈíᲢЭ஖᧏ᜒᲦᨼɶᜒ፯ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣࠛࠬࡍ࡜ࡦ࠻ࠍೋ߼ߡቇ⠌ߔࠆੱࠍኻ⽎ߦߒߚ⑼⋡ߢߔ‫ߪ࠻ࡦ࡜ࡍࠬࠛޕ‬ᐕߦࡐ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ⌒⑼කࠩࡔࡦࡎ
ࡈඳ჻ߦࠃߞߡ૞ࠄࠇߚੱᎿ࿖㓙⺆ߢߔ‫ੱޕ‬Ꮏ⺆ߥߩߢਇⷙೣᄌൻ߿଀ᄖ߇ߥߊ㧘㕖Ᏹߦ⠌ᓧߒ߿ߔ޿⸒⺆ߢߔ‫ޕ‬࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ⸒⺆ߩ᭴ㅧߦ⥝๧߇޽ࠆੱ㧘੹߹ߢቇ⠌ߒߚᄖ࿖⺆߇߽ߩߦߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚ߇㧘૗߆ᣣᧄ⺆એᄖߩ⸒⺆߇⹤ߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅߚ޿ੱ㧘⧷⺆ߣࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ߳ߩ৻ᭂ㓸ਛߦਇḩߥੱߦ߅൘߼ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᡮ̲ǨǹȚȩȳȈîᲢᡵ‫ׅ‬ᲦᲬҥˮᲦረ߃ЎܴᲣƆ࠯঺࠰ࡇ᧏ᜒʖ‫ܭ‬Ƈ‫ޟ‬ㅦୃࠛࠬࡍ࡜ࡦ࠻Σ‫ࠍޠ‬ጁୃߒߚੱ߆ห⒟ᐲߩቇജߩ޽ࠆੱࠍኻ⽎ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޟޕ‬ㅦୃࠛࠬࡍ࡜ࡦ࠻Σ‫ߦޠ‬ᒁ߈⛯߈㧘ߐࠄߦㅴࠎߛᢥᴺቇ⠌㧘ળ⹤✵⠌ߩઁߦ࡝ࠬ࠾ࡦࠣߩ⸠✵߿㧘⺒⸃Ṷ⠌ࠍ੍ቯߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫↢ߩࡈࡎࡦࡔࠩޕ‬ᶦ㧘ࠛࠬࡍ࡜ࡦ࠻ේ૞ᢥቇ㧘⸒⺆Ꮲ࿖ਥ⟵╬ߦߟ޿ߡ߽㓐ᤨ⸅ࠇߡ޿߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ƃਃ࢘૙ՃᲢ࠯঺ᲬᲮ࠰ࡇᲣဋ လ ፯ ʂƃᲮᲨͤࡍȷǹȝȸȄᅹ‫ܖ‬ᅹႸᲢ࠯঺ᲫᲱ࠰ࡇˌЭλ‫ܖ‬ᎍᲴͤࡍȷǹȝȸȄᅹ‫ܖ‬ᅹႸîƷᛠஆᅹႸᲣ
ஜᐽ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷⑼ቇ⑼⋡ߢߪ㧘㧝ᐕᰴᓟᦼ߆ࠄ㧘‫ޟ‬り૕ㆇേ⑼ቇታ⠌Σ࡮Τ࡮Υ࡮Φ‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬ஜᐽ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷⑼ቇ⻠⟵Σ࡮Τ‫ޠ‬߇㐿⻠ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ஜᐽ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷⑼ቇ⑼⋡ߩ߁ߜ㜞ᐕᰴ↢㧔㧟ᐕ↢એ਄㧕ࠍኻ⽎ߦ㐿⻠ߐࠇࠆ⑼⋡ߪ㧘ਅ⸥ߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔ‫ޕ‬̪ ᝼ᬺߩ⹦⚦ࠍࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ㧔JVVRU[NNCDWUM[WUJWWCELR㧕ߢ⏕⹺ߒߡ᝼ᬺߦ⥃ࠎߢߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬៲˳ᢃѣᅹ‫ܱܖ‬፼ï ƂᲫҥˮƃᲢЭȷࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦ˙ᣃ‫ע‬ғȷረ߃‫ע‬ғᲣ↢ᶦߦࠊߚߞߡࠬࡐ࡯࠷ࠍታ〣ߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߩၮ␆⊛⢻ജ߿ᘒᐲࠍ㙃ᚑߔࠆߎߣ߇ᧄታ⠌ߩ⋡⊛ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᛛ⢻ߩ㜞ᐲൻࠍ߼ߑߔߎߣࠍㅢߓߡ㧘ஜᐽߠߊࠅ߿↢ᶦࠬࡐ࡯࠷߳ߩേᯏߠߌߣߘߩ⛮⛯⊛ታ〣ࠍផㅴߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߩᣇᴺࠍቇ⠌ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬៲˳ᢃѣᅹ‫ܱܖ‬፼ð ƂᲫҥˮƃᲢЭȷࢸ஖᧏ᜒᲦ˙ᣃ‫ע‬ғȷረ߃‫ע‬ғᲣ↢ᶦߦࠊߚߞߡࠬࡐ࡯࠷ࠍታ〣ߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߩၮ␆⊛⢻ജ߿ᘒᐲࠍ㙃ᚑߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ߐࠄߦߪ↢ᶦቇ⠌␠ળߦ߅޿
ߡࠬࡐ࡯࠷ߩቇ⠌߇᦭ߔࠆᗧ๧㧘ᗧ⟵ߥߤߦߟ޿ߡℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼߹ߔ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ੱ‫ߩޘ‬ஜᐽߠߊࠅ߿↢ᶦࠬࡐ࡯࠷߳ߩേᯏ
ߠߌߣߘߩ⛮⛯⊛ታᣉࠍផㅴߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߩࡁ࠙ࡂ࠙ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ቇ߮߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ƃਃ࢘૙ՃᲢ࠯঺ᲬᲮ࠰ࡇᲣ ƃ‫ ٻ‬௻ Ջ ஒ૪ ᕲ ሶ Ӯ

ன

‫ޛ‬

̀

ဃ

Φ㧚㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎⑼⋡᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐஜᐽ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷⑼ቇ⑼⋡㧔ஜᐽ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷⑼ቇ⑼⋡Τߩ⺒ᦧ⑼⋡㧕ᲢᲫᲣረ߃‫ע‬ғ᧏ᜒᅹႸ
᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ฬ✚วࠬࡐ࡯࠷

ᜂᒰᢎຬ

ᬺ

᭎

ⷐ

㐿⻠ቇᦼ
㧔ᦐᣣᤨ㒢㧕៲˳ ᢃѣᅹ‫ ܱܖ‬፼ïㆇേਇ⿷ߪ㧘૕ജߩૐਅߛߌߢߥߊ㧘り૕⻉ᯏ⢻ߩૐਅ㧘↢ᵴ⠌ᘠ∛ߩ⊒∝㧘♖␹ᔃℂ㕙߳ߩᖡᓇ㗀ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ߹ߔ‫ߦߜ߁޿⧯ޕ‬ㆇേߩ⠌ᘠ߿ᛛ⢻ࠍりߦߟߌߡ߅ߊߎߣߪ㧘ᔃりߩஜᐽߛߌߢߥߊ㧘዁᧪ߩỗߒ޿┹੎␠ળࠍ↢߈ᛮߊߚ߼㧘లታߒߚ㐳޿ੱ↢ࠍㅍࠆߚ߼ߦ߽㊀ⷐߢߔ‫ᧄޕ‬᝼ᬺߢߪ㧘ࡃ࠼ࡒࡦ࠻ࡦ㧘ࡃ࡟࡯ࡏ࡯࡞㧘ࡃࠬࠤ࠶࠻ࡏ࡯
࡞㧘ථ⃿ߥߤߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥࠬࡐ࡯࠷ࠍㅢߒߡ㧘૕ജߩ⛽ᜬჇㅴ㧘ㆇേਇ⿷߿ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ⸃ᶖ㧘ฃ⻠⠪㑆ߩੱ㑆㑐ଥߩะ਄ࠍ⋡ᜰߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ㆇേ߇⧰ᚻߥੱߩฃ⻠߽᱑ㄫߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

೨ ᦼ
㧔Ἣ㧝㧕

ࡃ࠼ࡒࡦ࠻ࡦ ᧖ ጊ ૫ ↢ᧄ᝼ᬺߢߪ㧘ࡃ࠼ࡒࡦ࠻ࡦࠍࡔࠗࡦߦ㧘૶↪น⢻ᣉ⸳߅ࠃ߮ฃ⻠ੱઁᢙߦᔕߓߡ㧘࠰ࡈ࠻ࡏ࡯࡞㧘ࡃࠬࠤ࠶࠻ࡏ࡯࡞㧘࠰ࡈ࠻ࡃ࡟࡯㧘ථ⃿㧘ࠗ࡯ࠫ࡯ࠢ࡝ࠤ࠶࠻╬ߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥࠬࡐ࡯࠷ࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬ߩ⒳⋡ߦ߅ߌࠆၮ␆⊛߅ࠃ߮ᔕ↪⊛ᛛⴚߩቇ⠌߿ࠥ࡯ࡓߩታ〣ࠍㅢߒߡ㧘り૕ㆇേ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷ᵴേ߇ᜬߟߐ߹ߑ߹ߥஜᐽ⊛ᗧ⟵߿↢ᶦ⊒㆐⊛ᗧ⟵ߦኻߔࠆℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼ߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒ߹ߔ‫ߦ․ޕ‬㧘ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠬࠠ࡞߿ኻੱ㑐ଥࠬࠠ࡞ߩะ਄ߣ޿ߞߚ␠ળᔃℂ⊛஥㕙߳ߩലᨐߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ㧘ㆇേᵴേࠍታᣉߒߡ޿߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

ᓟ ᦼ
㧔Ἣ㧝㧕

✚วࠬࡐ࡯࠷

ᄢᩑືᦶ

᝼

ᄢᩑືᦶ

ኻ⽎
ቇᐕ

஻
⠨
㧔࠹ࠠࠬ࠻
ታᛛߩߢ߈ࠆ
᦯ⵝ㧘ቶౝጁ
߈ߩㆇേ㕦ߢ
ෳടߒߡߊߛ
ߐ޿‫ޕ‬

ోቇㇱ

㧟ᐕએ਄

៲˳ ᢃѣᅹ‫ ܱܖ‬፼ðㆇേਇ⿷ߪ㧘૕ജߩૐਅߛߌߢߥߊ㧘り૕⻉ᯏ⢻ߩૐਅ㧘↢ᵴ⠌ᘠ∛ߩ⊒∝㧘♖␹ᔃℂ㕙߳ߩᖡᓇ㗀ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ߹ߔ‫ߦߜ߁޿⧯ޕ‬ㆇേߩ⠌ᘠ߿ᛛ⢻ࠍりߦߟߌߡ߅ߊߎߣߪ㧘ᔃりߩஜᐽߛߌߢߥߊ㧘዁᧪ߩỗߒ޿┹੎␠ળࠍ↢߈ᛮߊߚ߼㧘లታߒߚ㐳޿ੱ↢ࠍㅍࠆߚ߼ߦ߽㊀ⷐߢߔ‫ᧄޕ‬᝼ᬺߢߪ㧘ࡃ࠼ࡒࡦ࠻ࡦ㧘ࡃ࡟࡯ࡏ࡯࡞㧘ࡃࠬࠤ࠶࠻ࡏ࡯
࡞㧘ථ⃿ߥߤߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥࠬࡐ࡯࠷ࠍㅢߒߡ㧘૕ജߩ⛽ᜬჇㅴ㧘ㆇേਇ⿷߿ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ⸃ᶖ㧘ฃ⻠⠪㑆ߩੱ㑆㑐ଥߩะ਄ࠍ⋡ᜰߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ㆇേ߇⧰ᚻߥੱߩฃ⻠߽᱑ㄫߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

೨ ᦼ
㧔Ἣ㧝㧕

ࡃ࠼ࡒࡦ࠻ࡦ ᧖ ጊ ૫ ↢ᧄ᝼ᬺߢߪ㧘ࡃ࠼ࡒࡦ࠻ࡦࠍࡔࠗࡦߦ㧘૶↪น⢻ᣉ⸳߅ࠃ߮ฃ⻠ੱઁᢙߦᔕߓߡ㧘࠰ࡈ࠻ࡏ࡯࡞㧘ࡃࠬࠤ࠶࠻ࡏ࡯࡞㧘࠰ࡈ࠻ࡃ࡟࡯㧘ථ⃿㧘ࠗ࡯ࠫ࡯ࠢ࡝ࠤ࠶࠻╬ߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥࠬࡐ࡯࠷ࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬ߩ⒳⋡ߦ߅ߌࠆၮ␆⊛߅ࠃ߮ᔕ↪⊛ᛛⴚߩቇ⠌߿ࠥ࡯ࡓߩታ〣ࠍㅢߒߡ㧘り૕ㆇേ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷ᵴേ߇ᜬߟߐ߹ߑ߹ߥஜᐽ⊛ᗧ⟵߿↢ᶦ⊒㆐⊛ᗧ⟵ߦኻߔࠆℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼ߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒ߹ߔ‫ߦ․ޕ‬㧘ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠬࠠ࡞߿ኻੱ㑐ଥࠬࠠ࡞ߩะ਄ߣ޿ߞߚ␠ળᔃℂ⊛஥㕙߳ߩലᨐߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ㧘ㆇേᵴേࠍታᣉߒߡ޿߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

ᓟ ᦼ
㧔Ἣ㧝㧕

ታᛛߩߢ߈ࠆ
᦯ⵝ㧘ቶౝጁ
߈ߩㆇേ㕦ߢ
ෳടߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ᲢᲬᲣ˙ᣃ‫ע‬ғ᧏ᜒᅹႸ
᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ฬ

ᜂᒰᢎຬ

᝼

ᬺ

᭎

ⷐ

៲˳ ᢃѣᅹ‫ ܱܖ‬፼ïࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠞ࠹ ᧖ ጊ ૫ ↢ᧄ᝼ᬺߢߪ㧘૶↪น⢻ᣉ⸳߅ࠃ߮ฃ⻠ੱᢙߦᔕߓߡ㧘࠰ࡈ࠻ࡏ࡯
ࠖࡉࠬࡐ࡯࠷
࡞㧘ࡃ࠼ࡒࡦ࠻ࡦ㧘ථ⃿㧘࠰ࡈ࠻ࡃ࡟࡯㧘ࠧ࡞ࡈ㧘ࡆ࡝ࡗ࡯࠼㧘࠳࡯࠷╬ߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥࠬࡐ࡯࠷ࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬⒳⋡ߦ߅ߌࠆၮ␆⊛߅ࠃ߮ᔕ↪⊛ᛛⴚߩቇ⠌߿ࠥ࡯ࡓߩታ〣ࠍㅢߒߡ㧘り૕ㆇേ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯
࠷ᵴേ߇ᜬߟߐ߹ߑ߹ߥஜᐽ⊛ᗧ⟵߿↢ᶦ⊒㆐⊛ᗧ⟵ߦኻߔࠆℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼ߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒ߹ߔ‫ߦ․ޕ‬㧘ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠬࠠ࡞߿
ኻੱ㑐ଥࠬࠠ࡞ߩะ਄ߣ޿ߞߚ␠ળᔃℂ⊛஥㕙߳ߩലᨐߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ㧘ㆇേᵴേࠍታᣉߒߡ޿߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥࠬ
ࡐ࡯࠷ߦ࠴ࡖ࡟ࡦࠫ៲˳ ᢃѣᅹ‫ ܱܖ‬፼ð

ᓟ ᦼ
㧔Ἣ㧝㧕

ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠞ࠹ ᧖ ጊ ૫ ↢ᧄ᝼ᬺߢߪ㧘૶↪น⢻ᣉ⸳߅ࠃ߮ฃ⻠ੱᢙߦᔕߓߡ㧘࠰ࡈ࠻ࡏ࡯
ࠖࡉࠬࡐ࡯࠷
࡞㧘ࡃ࠼ࡒࡦ࠻ࡦ㧘ථ⃿㧘࠰ࡈ࠻ࡃ࡟࡯㧘ࠧ࡞ࡈ㧘ࡆ࡝ࡗ࡯࠼㧘࠳࡯࠷╬ߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥࠬࡐ࡯࠷ࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬⒳⋡ߦ߅ߌࠆၮ␆⊛߅ࠃ߮ᔕ↪⊛ᛛⴚߩቇ⠌߿ࠥ࡯ࡓߩታ〣ࠍㅢߒߡ㧘り૕ㆇേ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯
࠷ᵴേ߇ᜬߟߐ߹ߑ߹ߥஜᐽ⊛ᗧ⟵߿↢ᶦ⊒㆐⊛ᗧ⟵ߦኻߔࠆℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼ߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒ߹ߔ‫ߦ․ޕ‬㧘ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠬࠠ࡞߿
ኻੱ㑐ଥࠬࠠ࡞ߩะ਄ߣ޿ߞߚ␠ળᔃℂ⊛஥㕙߳ߩലᨐߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ㧘ㆇേᵴേࠍታᣉߒߡ޿߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

೨ ᦼ
㧔Ἣ㧝㧕

ᢧ⮮◊ม

ஜᐽ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷⑼ቇṶ⠌߿ታ⠌ߢߖߞ߆ߊ૕ᗵߒᆎ߼ߚ޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥ
ㆇേߩࡔ࡝࠶࠻ࠍතᬺᓟ߽ㅜ⛘߃ߐߖߥ޿ࠃ߁ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߔࠆߩ߇ᧄ᝼
ᬺߩ⋡⊛ߢߔ‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬㧘ߟߩࠬࡐ࡯࠷ߦߎߛࠊࠄߕ㧘߹ߚ㧘ඨᦼ㑆ࠍㅢߒߡߩ᝼ᬺߢߪ㐿⻠ߒߠࠄ޿ࠃ߁ߥ᜸ᚢ⊛ߥ⒳⋡߽฽߼㧘⥄ಽߦวߞߚ↢ᶦࠬࡐ࡯࠷តߒࠍߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ࠬࡐ࡯࠷߇ᜬߟน⢻ᕈࠍㅊ᳞ߒߡ޿߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

ኻ⽎
ቇᐕ

೨ ᦼ
㧔Ἣ㧝㧕

ஜᐽ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷⑼ቇṶ⠌߿ታ⠌ߢߖߞ߆ߊ૕ᗵߒᆎ߼ߚ޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥ
ㆇേߩࡔ࡝࠶࠻ࠍතᬺᓟ߽ㅜ⛘߃ߐߖߥ޿ࠃ߁ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߔࠆߩ߇ᧄ᝼
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㸋䋮⑼⋡䈱⺒ᦧ䈮䈧䈇䈩䋨ᐔᚑ䋱䋷ᐕᐲએ೨౉ቇ⠪ኻ⽎䋩㩷䇭ᐔᚑ䋱䋸ᐕᐲ䈎䉌ోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡䈱䉦䊥䉨䊠䊤䊛䈏ᡷᱜ䈘䉏䉁䈚䈢䇯䈖䈱䈢䉄䋬ᐔᚑ䋱䋸ᐕᐲએ㒠౉ቇ⠪䉕ኻ⽎䈮㐿⻠䈘䉏䉎⑼⋡䉕ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍䋬ᐔᚑ䋱䋷ᐕᐲએ೨౉ቇ⠪䈱⑼⋡䈮⺒䉂ᦧ䈋䉌䉏䉁䈜䇯ਅ⸥䈮⸥タ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎⑼⋡䈱⺒ᦧ৻ⷩ䈪䋬⺒
ᦧ⑼⋡䉕⏕⹺䈱਄䋬ጁୃ⸘↹䉕┙䈩䉎䉋䈉䈮䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯䇭䈭䈍䋬⺒ᦧ⑼⋡䈱ਛ䈮䈲䋬⺒䉂ᦧ䈋ᚻ⛯䈐䈏ᔅⷐ䈭⑼⋡䉅䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯ᚻ⛯䈐䈱⹦⚦䈲䋬೎ㅜ㈩Ꮣ䈜䉎䇸⑼⋡䈱⺒ᦧ䈮䈧䈇䈩䇹䉕ᾫ⺒䈱਄䋬↳⺧䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯̾К૙᫱ᅹႸ ᭗࠰ഏ‫ݣ̲ޗ‬ᝋ 䋩䇭㜞ᐕᰴጁୃኻ⽎䈱୘೎ᢎ㙃⑼⋡䈲䋬⺖㗴⑼⋡෸䈶ਥ㗴⑼⋡䉕ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍⺒䉂ᦧ䈋䉌䉏䋬⺖㗴⑼⋡෸䈶ਥ㗴⑼⋡䈱೽㗴䈏⑼⋡ฬ䈫䈚䈩ᚑ❣䈮⸥タ䈘䉏䉁䈜䇯䉁䈢䋬ᣢ䈮ୃᓧ䈚䈢୘೎ᢎ㙃⑼⋡䈫ห৻ฬ⒓䈱೽㗴䈱⑼⋡䈲ጁୃ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉁䈞䉖䇯䇭䈭䈍䋬ጁୃⷐ㗄䈱ጁୃ⚦⋡৻ⷩ䈮⸥タ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎୘೎ᢎ㙃⑼⋡䈱䈉䈤䋬䇸౐ᧄ᧻䉨䊞䊮䊌䉴䈪㐿⻠䈜䉎⑼⋡䇹䈱඙ಽ䈱න૏䈫䈲䈭䉍䉁䈞䉖䈱䈪䋬ᵈᗧ䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
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ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡㸇ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡㸈ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡㸉ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡㸊ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡㸋ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡㸍ℂ♽ਥ㗴⑼⋡㸎೽䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭㗴
㪜㪬⺰ၮ␆㵪೙ᐲ䈫⚻ᷣ䉫䊨䊷䊋䊦ൻ䈫䉝䉳䉝⚻ᷣ䉝䊮䊃䊧䊒䊧䊅䊷䉲䉾䊒䊶䊐䉜䉟䊅䊮䉴ળ␠䈫䈲૗䈎䋬⿠ᬺ䈜䉎䈫䈲૗䈎䉕ቇ䈿䈉ᣣᧄ䈫਎⇇䈱⺖㗴䊐䉤䊷䊤䊛⎇ⓥ䈫ᛛⴚ䈱䊙䊈䉳䊜䊮䊃Ꮏቇ䈫୶ℂ䊎䉳䊈䉴䈮䈍䈔䉎┹੎ఝ૏ᕈⅣႺ⺞๺ဳ␠ળ䈱᭴▽ᰴ਎ઍߩૐ὇⚛ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯
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ೃᴺߩਥⷐ⺰ὐ⃻ઍਛ࿖᡽ᴦ⺰ᖱႎᛛⴚ䈫⚻ᷣ␠ળᏒ႐ߣ࿖ኅߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ䊋䉟䉥䊁䉪䊉䊨䉳䊷⹦⺰⚦⢩ߩⶄ⵾ߣ⊒↢࡮ಽൻක≮⛔⸘ቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ᭎⺰
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䇭䇭㶎䇭ᢎ⢒⡯ຬ఺⸵⁁䉕ขᓧ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈮ᔅⷐ䈭୘೎ᢎ㙃⑼⋡䇸ᣣᧄ࿖ᙗᴺ䇹㩿䋲㪀䈲䋬દㇺ࿾඙䈪㐿⻠䈘䉏䉎ᢥ♽䉮䉝⑼⋡䇭䇭䇭㩷䇸ᣣᧄ࿖ᙗᴺ䇹㩿䋲㪀䉕ጁୃ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍⺒䉂ᦧ䈋䈏䈪䈐䉁䈜䇯䋨દㇺ࿾඙䈪㐿⻠䈘䉏䉎⑼⋡䈱⺒ᦧ䈱⹦⚦䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲䋬䇭䇭䇭ోቇᢎ⢒⺖ోቇᢎ⢒ᢎോଥ෶䈲ฦቇㇱቇ↢ଥ╬䈪㈩ઃ䈜䉎䇸⑼⋡䈱⺒ᦧ䈮䈧䈇䈩䇹䉕ෳᾖ䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯䋩㸋䋮⑼⋡䈱⺒ᦧ䈮䈧䈇䈩䋨ᐔᚑ䋱䋷ᐕᐲએ೨౉ቇ⠪ኻ⽎䋩ᚕᛖ૨҄ᅹႸî䇭⸒⺆ᢥൻ⑼⋡㸈䈲⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡䉕ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍⺒䉂ᦧ䈋䉌䉏䉁䈜䇯
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⧷⺆䉣䉾䉶䉟䊶䊤䉟䊁䉞䊮䉫㸇⧷⺆䉣䉾䉶䉟䊶䊤䉟䊁䉞䊮䉫㸈⧷䇭䇭⺆ ᤨ੐⧷⺆⻠⺒⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⧷⺆⻠⺒䇭䇭㶎䋱
ੱᢥ⑼ቇ⧷⺆⻠⺒䇭䇭㶎䋱⧷⺆ᢥቇ⻠⺒䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭㶎䋱⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⧷⺆⻠⺒䇭䇭㶎䋱
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䊄䉟䉿⺆ਛ⚖㸇㪉䊄䉟䉿⺆ਛ⚖㸈㪉䊄䉟䉿⺆࿤䈱⸒⺆䈫ᢥൻ㪉䊄䉟䉿⺆⸶⺒ᴺ㪉ㅦୃ䊄䉟䉿⺆
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䉴䊕䉟䊮⺆࿤䈱⸒⺆䈫ᢥൻ䉴䊕䉟䊮⺆⴫⃻䉴䊕䉟䊮⺆
ᤨ੐䉴䊕䉟䊮⺆
䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝 ㅦୃ䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝⺆㸇⺆ㅦୃ䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝⺆㸈䉥䊤䊮䉻⺆ၮ␆㸇䉥䊤䊮䉻⺆䉥䊤䊮䉻⺆ၮ␆㸈䉣䉴䊕䊤䊮䊃㸇
䉣䉴䊕䊤䊮䊃 䉣䉴䊕䊤䊮䊃㸈ㅦୃ䉣䉴䊕䊤䊮䊃

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䊄䉟䉿⺆⴫⷗Ṷ⠌㸈䊄䉟䉿⺆䉥䊷䊤䊦Ṷ⠌㸇䊄䉟䉿⺆䊥䉴䊆䊮䉫Ṷ⠌㸈౉㐷䊐䊤䊮䉴⺆
䊐䊤䊮䉴⺆૞ᢥ䉮䊷䉴䊐䊤䊮䉴⺆䊐䊤䊮䉴⺆⺒⸃䉮䊷䉴䊐䊤䊮䉴⺆ታ↪ળ⹤౉㐷ਛ࿖⺆㸇
౉㐷ਛ࿖⺆㸈ਛ࿖⺆ ਛ࿖⺆ญ⺆㸇ਛ࿖⺆ญ⺆㸈
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䊨䉲䉝⺆౉㐷䊨䉲䉝⺆㸈
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䉴䊕䉟䊮⺆࿤䈱⸒⺆䈫ᢥൻ䉴䊕䉟䊮⺆⴫⃻䉴䊕䉟䊮⺆
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䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝 ౉㐷䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝⺆㸇⺆౉㐷䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝⺆㸈ㅦୃ䉥䊤䊮䉻⺆㸇
䉥䊤䊮䉻⺆ㅦୃ䉥䊤䊮䉻⺆㸈
ㅦୃ䉣䉴䊕䊤䊮䊃㸇䉣䉴䊕䊤䊮䊃 ㅦୃ䉣䉴䊕䊤䊮䊃㸈ㅦୃ䉣䉴䊕䊤䊮䊃㸇

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䈇䈝䉏䈎䋱⑼⋡䈚䈎ጁୃ䈪䈐䉁䈞䉖䇯
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䈇䈝䉏䈎䋱⑼⋡䈚䈎ጁୃ䈪䈐䉁䈞䉖䇯

䈇䈝䉏䈎䋱⑼⋡䈚䈎ጁୃ䈪䈐䉁䈞䉖䇯

㶎䋱䇭⸒⺆ᢥൻ⑼⋡㸈䇸⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⧷⺆⻠⺒䇹䋬䇸ੱᢥ⑼ቇ⧷⺆⻠⺒䇹䈍䉋䈶䇸⧷⺆ᢥቇ⻠⺒䇹䈲䋬⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡䈱䇭䇭䇭䇸⧷⺆䊥䊷䊂䉞䊮䉫㸈䇹䉁䈢䈲䇸⧷⺆䊥䊷䊂䉞䊮䉫㸉䇹䉕ጁୃ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍䈇䈝䉏䈎䈮⺒䉂ᦧ䈋䉌䉏䉁䈜䇯䈇䈝䉏䈱⑼⋡䈮䇭䇭⺒䉂ᦧ䈋䉕Ꮧᦸ䈜䉎䈎䉕䋬੐೨䈮᝼ᬺᜂᒰᢎຬ䈮↳䈚಴䈩ᛚ⹺䉕ᓧ䈩䈎䉌䋬⺒䉂ᦧ䈋䈱ᚻ⛯䉕䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯㶎䋲䇭⸒⺆ᢥൻ⑼⋡㸈䇸ታ↪⧷⺆Ṷ⠌㸇䇹䈍䉋䈶䇸ታ↪⧷⺆Ṷ⠌㸈䇹䈲䋬⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡䇸⧷⺆䊁䉴䊃䊶䊁䉟䉨䊮䉫䇹䇭䇭䉕ጁୃ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍⺒䉂ᦧ䈋䉌䉏䉁䈜䇯ේೣ䈫䈚䈩䇸ታ↪⧷⺆Ṷ⠌㸇䇹䈮⺒䉂ᦧ䈋䉁䈜䈏䋬ᐔᚑ䋱䋸ᐕᐲ䉁䈪䈮䇸ታ↪⧷⺆䇭䇭Ṷ⠌㸇䇹䉕ጁୃ䈚䈢⠪䈱䉂䈏䋬䇸ታ↪⧷⺆Ṷ⠌㸈䇹䈮⺒䉂ᦧ䈋䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉁䈜䇯㸋䋮⑼⋡䈱⺒ᦧ䈮䈧䈇䈩䋨ᐔᚑ䋱䋷ᐕᐲએ೨౉ቇ⠪ኻ⽎䋩‫׎ٳ‬ᛖǳȟȥȋǱȸǷȧȳᅹႸ䇭ᄖ࿖⺆䉮䊚䊠䊆䉬䊷䉲䊢䊮⑼⋡䈲⸒⺆ᢥൻ⥄↱ㆬᛯ⑼⋡䉕ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍⺒䉂ᦧ䈋䉌䉏䉁䈜䇯
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ᧂ䇭ୃ䇭ᓧ䇭⑼䇭⋡⧷⺆䊂䉞䊔䊷䊃㸇
⧷⺆䊂䉞䊔䊷䊃㸈
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⧷⺆䉴䊏䊷䉼㸈
⧷⺆䊥䉴䊆䊮䉫䊶䉶䊚䊅䊷㸇⧷䇭䇭⺆ ⧷⺆䊥䉴䊆䊮䉫䊶䉶䊚䊅䊷㸈⧷⺆䊤䉟䊁䉞䊮䉫䊶䉶䊚䊅䊷㸇⧷⺆䊤䉟䊁䉞䊮䉫䊶䉶䊚䊅䊷㸈⧷⺆䊥䊷䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䉶䊚䊅䊷㸇⧷⺆䊥䊷䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䉶䊚䊅䊷㸈⧷⺆⠡⸶ᴺ䊄䉟䉿⺆䉮䊚䊠䊆䉬䊷䉲䊢䊮㸇䊄䉟䉿⺆䉮䊚䊠䊆䉬䊷䉲䊢䊮㸈䊄䉟䉿⺆䉥䊷䊤䊦䊶䉶䊚䊅䊷㸇䊄䉟䉿⺆䉥䊷䊤䊦䊶䉶䊚䊅䊷㸈䊄䉟䉿⺆⴫⃻䉶䊚䊅䊷㸇䊄䉟䉿⺆⴫⃻䉶䊚䊅䊷㸈䊄䉟䉿⺆䊄䉟䉿⺆⺒⸃䉶䊚䊅䊷㸇䊄䉟䉿⺆⺒⸃䉶䊚䊅䊷㸈䊄䉟䉿⺆䊥䉴䊆䊮䉫䊶䉶䊚䊅䊷㸇䊄䉟䉿⺆䊥䉴䊆䊮䉫䊶䉶䊚䊅䊷㸈䊄䉟䉿⺆⊒㖸䉶䊚䊅䊷䊄䉟䉿⺆␠ળᢥൻ䉶䊚䊅䊷

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㐿㩷⻠㩷⑼㩷⋡⧷⺆䊒䊧䉷䊮䊁䊷䉲䊢䊮㸇⧷⺆䊒䊧䉷䊮䊁䊷䉲䊢䊮㸈
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⧷䇭䇭⺆ ⧷⺆䊥䉴䊆䊮䉫㸈⧷⺆䊤䉟䊁䉞䊮䉫㸇⧷⺆䊤䉟䊁䉞䊮䉫㸈⧷⺆䊥䊷䊂䉞䊮䉫㸇⧷⺆䊥䊷䊂䉞䊮䉫㸈⧷⺆䊥䊷䊂䉞䊮䉫㸉䊄䉟䉿⺆ਛ⚖㸇䊄䉟䉿⺆ਛ⚖㸈䊄䉟䉿⺆䉥䊷䊤䊦Ṷ⠌㸇䊄䉟䉿⺆䉥䊷䊤䊦Ṷ⠌㸈䊄䉟䉿⺆⴫⃻Ṷ⠌㸇䊄䉟䉿⺆⴫⃻Ṷ⠌㸈䊄䉟䉿⺆䊄䉟䉿⺆⺒⸃Ṷ⠌㸇䊄䉟䉿⺆⺒⸃Ṷ⠌㸈䊄䉟䉿⺆䊥䉴䊆䊮䉫Ṷ⠌㸇䊄䉟䉿⺆䊥䉴䊆䊮䉫Ṷ⠌㸈䊄䉟䉿⺆⊒㖸Ṷ⠌䊄䉟䉿⺆࿤䈱⸒⺆䈫ᢥൻ

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ͤࡍȷǹȝȸȄᅹ‫ܖ‬ᅹႸî䇭ஜᐽ䊶䉴䊘䊷䉿⑼ቇ⑼⋡㸈䈲ஜᐽ䊶䉴䊘䊷䉿⑼ቇ⑼⋡䉕ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍⺒䉂ᦧ䈋䉌䉏䉁䈜䇯඙ಽᧂ䇭ୃ䇭ᓧ䇭⑼䇭⋡ஜᐽ䊶䉴䊘䊷䉿 ↢ᶦ䉴䊘䊷䉿ታ⠌㸇⑼ቇ⑼⋡㸈 ↢ᶦ䉴䊘䊷䉿ታ⠌㸈

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ऴ‫إ‬ϼྸᅹႸî䇭ᖱႎಣℂ⑼⋡㸈䈲ਥ㗴⑼⋡䉕ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍⺒䉂ᦧ䈋䉌䉏䉁䈜䇯䇭ᖱႎಣℂ⑼⋡㸈䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲䋬ਥ㗴⑼⋡䈱೽㗴䈏䋬⑼⋡ฬ䈫䈚䈩ᚑ❣䈮⸥タ䈘䉏䉁䈜䇯䈢䈣䈚䋬ᣢ䈮ୃᓧ䈚䈢ᖱႎಣℂ⑼⋡㸈䈫ห৻ฬ⒓䈱೽㗴䈱⑼⋡䈲ጁୃ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉁䈞䉖䈱䈪䋬ᵈᗧ䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯ᧂ䇭ୃ䇭ᓧ䇭⑼䇭⋡඙ಽᖱ⑼ႎ⋡ ࿑ᒻᖱႎಣℂ౉㐷ಣ㸈ℂන૏ᢙ ඙ಽ

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ż μ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋᅹႸ᧙ᡲƷ᳟᳜᳑ȚȸǸ ŽŦ μ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋțȸȠȚȸǸ
! ! JVVRTEJGM[WUJWWCELR!
Ŧ ᩓ‫܇‬ਫ਼ᅆெƆ˞ᜒȷᙀᜒƳƲƇઃ࠘ᩓᛅ JVVR\MKPHQIGPGFM[WUJWWCELRO!
ȑǽǳȳ JVVR\MKPHQIGPGFM[WUJWWCELR!
!
Ŧ ǷȩȐǹJVVRU[NNCDWUM[WUJWWCELRŦ ‫ܖ‬Ѧऴ‫إ‬ǷǹȆȠᲢ‫ܖ‬ဃဇ᳟᳜᳑ǷǹȆȠᲣƆ‫̲ޗ‬ႇ᥵ȷ঺ጚᄩᛐƇJVVRYYYM[WUJWWCELRUVWFGPVGFWECVKQPTKUJWRJR‫ ܖ‬ᢿ‫ ܖ‬ᅹ
‫ܖ‬ဃဪӭ൞  Ӹᐔᚑ㧞㧠ᐕᐲోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡㜞ᐕᰴጁୃߩߚ߼ߩᚻᒁ߈
૞ᚑ㧦਻Ꮊᄢቇቇോㇱోቇᢎ⢒⺖!