Regulation and Standards of Decentralized
Domestic Wastewater Treatment
in Indonesia
By : Elis Hastuti, Sri Darwati, Prayatni Soewondo, Yoshitaka Ebie

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Goal 6.3
Halving the proportion of untreated wastewater by 2030
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation
China 50-75%
Myanmar 76-90%

Japan 91-100%
Cambodia <50%
Vietnum 50-75%

India <50%

Philippine 50-75%

Thailand 91-100%
Indonesia 50-75%

Australia
91-100%Progress on sanitation and drinking-water, 2013 (WHO/Unicef)

2EXISTING CONDITIONWASTEWATER FACILITY DEVELOPMENT

The wastewater system access : 76.08% (67.20 %-improved sanitation, 8.88 %-basic improved sanitation)
Centralized sewerage systems access : < 3 %Gap population without access: 60 millions
Sludge/septage treatment plant access : 10 %River pollution from domestic wastewater : 40-70 %UNIVERSAL ACCESS-2019
Urban Area100%
WWTP -on site system : 85 %WWTP- offsite system : 15 %High density

Decentralized,
centralized WWTP

Low Density

Individual,
Decentralized WWTP

Rural Area-100%
WWTP-on site system 100 %High density

DecentralizedWWTPLow Density

Individual
WWTP

PROGRAM OF ACCELARATION OF SANITATION, 2015-2019
Reality 2016
67,2%

Quality Improvement of City Stategic PlanningFunding
National Funding : 53 %5 Fold from 2014
Minitry of Public Works and Housing, Minitry ofHealthy , Ministry of Environement and forestry ,Ministry of Internal affairs , Ministry of undevelopedarea and Transmigration, Ministry of Fishery andMarine

Target 2019
 100 %

City, Province Funding (28 %)(> 5 % city funding)

Private and community (19 %)Fact: + 20% at 2010-2014

Institutional and regulation
Coordination of monitoring WWTP
Regulation of wastewaterMinistry regulation of wastewater

REGULATION OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER
Act no. 32/2009: Conservation and environment
management

SustainableDevelopment
Goal 2030” Indonesia’sTechnology
NeedAssessment for
Climate ChangeAdaptation
2011”.

Ministry of public works regulaition no.4/2017:
Domestic Wastewater Management

Indonesia
National
Standard (SNI)

Government regulation no.82/2001: water quality
management and water pollution control

Manual ofWWTP

Government Regulation 16/2005 : water supply
system development
National Plan of Medium Term 2015-2019
National Plan of Long Term 2005-2025
President regulation 2015-2019: Accelaration ofwater supply and sanitation development
Draft of Ministry Regulation of Wastewater
Ministry and forestry regulation n0.68/2016 :Effluent standard of WWTP

Sanitation
White Book
City strategicplanningetc

Effluent Standard of Domestic WWTP
Province
Jakarta
No.122/
2005

Middle YogjakaJavarta
No.5/20 No.7/20
1216EastJava
N0.72/2013

pH

6-9

6-9

6-9

6-9

South
Sulawesi
No.69/2013
6-9

TSS (mg/L)
BOD5 (mg/L)
COD (mg/L)

50
50
80

100
100

75
75
200

50
30
50

100
75100

Oil Grease(mg/L)

10101010

5Ammonia (mg/L)

10Detergent (mg/L)

2ParameterColiform(MPN/100 ml)

National standard : no.5/2014
pH

6-9

BOD

100 mg/L

TSS

100 mg/L

Oil&grease

10 mg/L

55110,000

National standard : no.6/2016
pH

6-9

BOD

30 mg/L

COD

100 mg/L

TSS

30 mg/LOil & grease

5 mg/LAmmonia

10 mg/L

Total Coliform

3000 /100 mL

Decentralized wastewater
treatment
Centralized systems require
long construction period andhuge initial budget

Decentralized systems have been

expected to improve the low
coverage situation

JICA Master Plan for centralized
wastewater treatment in Jakarta(1991)

Reliable?
Centralized treatment

Only 3% coverage• Regulation• Compliance• Localization
7

DECENTRALIZED WWTP MANAGEMENT
Central/Local
Government, Private

Decentralized
WWTP

WWTP Testing/Certification
Fabricated
WWTP

Research Institute for humansettlements
Ministry of Public Works and Housing
Environmental
impact analysis
Environment Ministry,
Local Government

WWTP application
Operation andMaintenance
Housing scale
1 Rural area
Community based –Total Sanitation(STBM)
2. Urban Area :Community based
sanitation ( SANIMAS)

Area and City Scale
Metropolitan,
medium/small city
Community based
sanitation, local
government, waterworks company, private

Regional scale

City cooperation
Regional WWTP

Water Quality
Monitoring
Environment
Ministry , Local
Government

Type of Decentralized WWTP
There are types :1. Community Sanitation Center/Public: (10-50households)
2. Shalow sewer/simplified sewer and communal
WWTP (capacity of 50-1000 persons)
3. Regional WWTP (capacity of 1000-5000persons)Type of Treatment of Decentralized WWTP

Anaerobic submerged biofiter
Oxidation pond

Anaerobic baffled reactor

Subsurface contructed wetland

Biodigester andBiofilter
Rotating biological contactor

Anaeerobic and aerobi biofilter

Scheduled Desludging Service Program applied at 4 cities since2013 Service is not based on call
 Registered on site WWTP
 Inspection every year Regular desludging is 2-3 year Cost can be pay every month Management: local government,water works company, private

sludgeWWTP

STP-off site (> 100 m3/day)

Problem: unproper WWTP, access todense settlement,
STP location,
awarness community

Decentralized STP

Standard and Guideline of WWTP
1) SNI 03-2398-2002, The procedure of planning for septic tanks and absorption field
2) SNI 19-6447-2000, Performance testing methods of activated sludge system
3) Pd T-04-2005-C, Manual for the planning and installation of biofilter system fordomestic wastewater treatment
4) Pd T-02-2004-C, Operation and maintenance of biofilter system for domestic wastewatertreatment5) SNI 7504:2011, Specification of Fiberglass reinforced plastic material for water treatment
plant6) SNI 8153:2015: Plumbing system for building7) SNI ISO/IEC 17020:2012, general requirements of inspection bodies.
8) SNI ISO/IEC 17025:2012, accreditation laboratory9) SNI of water quality test10) Draft of Ministry Regulation (appendix of planning for wastewater treatment )11) Draft- SNI :Manual of planning for biofilter system
12) Draft- SNI : Manual of planning for anaerobic baffled reactor
13) Draft-SNI: Testing method for performance of decentralized domestic wastewater
facilities

WWTP Certification
GOALS
FABRICATED WWTP Most of the WWTP are fabricated biofilter tank.
The system has advantages of low land
requirement,
low cost operation andmaintenance.
 Many application of the fabricated communal
WWTP arenot sustainablebecause ofinadequate treatment process, short life time oftank, improper installation, no meet effluent
standard.
INSPECTION BODY
1.

2.
3.

Instruction of Human Settlement Directore,
No.Ku.03.03-DC/214, 21st Februari 1992 : ResearchInstitute for Human Settlements (RIHS) is assigned
for the WTP and WWTP certification.
Instruction of Ministry of Public Works No.
09/SPRINT/M/2003
Accreditation from national committee accreditation(KAN) To achieve protection of publichealth and environment
 To guarantee the WWTP
application meet technicalrequirements
and effluent
standard The SOP of the WWTP system
is applied properly As a priority the selection ofcompany for the WWTP project Implementation of standard or
manual in WWTP development.
 All the products in the market
must have a certificate.
 The certificate is based on theresult of the performance test

GUIDELINES S OF WWTP INSPECTION
Design Criteria of WWTP
1) SNI 03-2398-2002, The procedure for septic tanks with leach system
2) SNI 19-6447-2000, Performance testing methods of activated sludge system
3) Pd T-04-2005-C, Procedure for the planning and installation of biofilter system for wastewater treatment
4) Pd T-02-2004-C, Operation and maintenance of biofilter system for domestic wastewater treatment5) SNI 7504:2011, Specification of Fiberglass reinforced plastic material for water treatment plant6) Degree of Ministry of Environment and Forestry, No. 68/2016, Domestic wastewater quality standard
7) Regional regulations of wastewater quality standard
8) Regulations and other relevant reference s related to materials, pipes, and criteria design of WWTP
Methods of Inspection(1) Quality guideline for Inspection Body
(2) Parameters test at on site:1) pH test : LIP2.IK-08-06 IPAL : SNI 06-6989.11-2004 : pH-meter2) Temperature test : LIP2.IK-08-07 IPAL : SNI 06-6989.23-2005 : termometer(3) Parameters test at Laboratory:
1) Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) : SNI 6989.72-2009
2) Chemical oxygen demand (COD) : SNI 6989.5-20093) Oil and grease: SNI 6989.10-20114) Total Suspended Solid : SNI 06-6989.3-2004
5) Nitrate, Nitrite, ammonium , phosphat, etc.
(4) Forms of inspection : process unit, operationunit, water quality, SOP, design criteria, support building, workshop, etc
Instruction Sheet
LIP2.IK 08-01 IPAL : Inspection of process unit of WWTP
LIP2.IK 08-02 IPAL : Inspection of fabrication of WWTP
LIP2.IK 08-03 IPAL : Inspection of capacity criteria, operation and maintenance of WWTP
LIP2.IK 08-04 IPAL : Inspection of planning criteria of WWTP
LIP2.IK 08-05 IPAL : Inspection of planning documents of WWTP

Existing-WWTP Certification Process
Existing process- after
product application
Application ofproduct at
individual orcommunal
scale

Document
inspection :design, drawing,water quality
test,organization,
etc

Manufacture apply acertification process toInspection Body of MPWa processinspection at
applied WWTPand workshop
inspection

Getcertificationof productswith somerecommend
ations

Improvementof design andmanufacture
the product-Sell productsin the market-goverment
procurement

Recertification
after 4 years

Inspection Site
• WWTP sample : min. 1 unit
• capacity as WWTPdesign• well operated WWTP
• stable process• less site disturbanceFLOWCHART OF EXISTING CERTIFICATION PROCESSProgress of application ofcertificated WWTP-

Ministry of Public Works procurement(application of 5000 WWTP/year)
Local government procurement
Hospital, Private company

Local government procurement-6 manufactures havecertification
12 manufactures are on
going the process>100
manufactures
product WWTP

Performance testing method of domestic
wastewater facilities
Cooperation : NIES, ITB and RIHS

 Field study of communal WWTP in Indonesia and Japan
 Research of WWTP characteristic
 Stakeholder’s meetings
 Intensive discussion of performance testing method at RIHS
 Observation of wastewater quality from sewer system Trial : Testing of fabricated WWTP at municipal water works

the Stakeholders Meeting
Central gov.
Univ.
Local gov.

2017.022017.02

Manufacturers

2016.03
3rd Stakeholder’smeeting2015.09
2ndStakeholder’smeeting2015. 02
1stStakeholder’s meeting•••••••

4th Stakeholder’smeeting

5th Stakeholder’smeeting

Stakeholders

PUPR (Ministry of Public Works andHousing)
KLHK (Ministry of Environment andForestry)
BSN (Standardization organization)
NIES
Local governments
Universities
19Manufacturers

Summary of stakeholders discussion• We need more manufacturers to
distribute domestic wastewater
facilities in all Indonesia.
• However, it’s easy to make a profit
if they produce poor performance
and/or weak tanks.
To eliminate low quality treatment facilities from the market

Performance testing method and Reliablecertification system are required!!

20Performance testing method andcertificate system Treatment efficiency
 Robustness of the tank
 Material, Design, Standard
Operating Procedure,Power consumption,Workshop, etc.

Our goals• All the products in the market must have a certificate.
• The certificate is based on the result of theperformance test
21

Improved Certification Process
Before start manufacturing
product series

Developmentof newproductTake atreatment
performancetest

Assume products will follow same
design and manufacturing processfrom the time of test.

Getcertificationof productsby type testManufacture
the productSell productsin the market

22

When the product is sold tocustomers
Governmental
procurement
specification

Building
permission

Require the certificate of the productapplication• Manufacturers have to submit drawings withthe certification.
• Local governments can easily recognize
whether the product is appropriate or not.
23Draft-SNI: Performance Testing method ofdomestic wastewater facilities
Scope

This performance testing method is for prefabricated facilities or facilities that areconstructed on-site/in-situ for domestic wastewater treatment

General Requirement
a.

b.
c.

Testing body is designated by
National Accreditation Committee(KAN).
Raw domestic wastewater for thetest must be stably available intesting site.
Testing by Inspector has knowledge
and certificate of SNI ISO 17020:general requirements of inspection
bodiesDraft-SNI: Performance Testing method ofdomestic
wastewater
facilities
Technical requirements :1) Application
Application format, design drawing with related calculation, operation and maintenanceinstruction, and carrying in/out plan, material test, supporting equipment and workshop
2) Installation
Installation, initial adjustment, seeding and acclimation under testing body’s observation.
3) Testing conditions
a. Test periodeb. Raw wastewater for the testc. Inflow pattern
d. Loading rate
e. Introducing sludge
f. Water quality analysis
g. Tank structure

Testing Condition of Domestic Wastewater Facilities
No Parameter
123
4
5
6
7
8

Existing Testing

Instalation at laboratory, seeding
stage by manufacture
Capacity
1 households, depend on lab facility
Testing
Maximum 12 weeks – seeding
Minimum 10 weeks - testing
periodeWastewater
Wastewater from sewer system
real wastewater
characteristicand artificial wastewaterCombination of High loanding, normal loading: minimum 8 weeks
Loading rate
High loading : minimum 1 weeks
normal and low load ing
Low loading : minimum 1 weeks
Samplingfor 3 days, composite every 3-4 Every week, composite ervery 2
methodhours
hours
Measurement of sludge high at Measurement performance withsludge
every process unit
artificial sludge
Tank structure Dimesnion, sample tnak material, Structural testing at full scale
ketebalan, composition
Pre testing- Number of WWTP minimum 2 sites- Stabil condition
1- 400 households
5-10 days at eac process unit

Improved TestingFactors influence wastewater characteristic
Climate28.7˚CJakarta
4030

Sep-2015

May-2015

Jan-2015

Sep-2014

Jan-2014

May-2014

Low

Sep-2013

High0May-2013

Ave

10Jan-201320

Diurnal inflowpattern
300

Influent volume (L)Temperature (˚C)

LifestyleSocialstructure

Wastewater quality
and quantity

250
200
150
100
50
04 11125 6 7
4 5 6 78 9
1 2
[ 93 101 8
2 9
3 101112
4 5 6 1
7 28 39 101112
1 23 101112
4 5 6 78]ampm TimeamTime27

Inflow pattern in Indonesia
JapanThis study (Indonesia)

25%

Praying before
20% sunrise(Indonesia)
15%

Bath tub(Japan)

10%
5%
0%
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00

proportion of wastewater30%

 Two peaks in the morning and evening Starts 2-3 hours earlier than Japanese case
 No high peak which is due to bath tub

28Testing Condition of Domestic Wastewater Facilities
Inflow Pattern

Loading rate
PE

5-10

11-30

31-50

Nilai k1.5

1.45

1.35511001.3101500
1.25

> 500
1.2

Testing Condition of Domestic Wastewater Facilities
Range of wastewater fed to the testNH3(mg/L)

145

Oil andgrease(mg/L)
20

160
175

25
30

pH

BOD
(mg/L)

COD(mg/L)TSS(mg/L)

Minimum

5,8

150

180

average
Maximum

7,2
8,6

200
350

420
550

Pra –investigation of testing location and wastewater fed

T-N(mg/L)

T-P(mg/L)

27

40

3

39
52

45
50

57

Trial of the testing method will
be conducted soon
PInfluent

From thepump station

15%
10%
5%0%

T

3 5 7 9 11131517192123 1TimePump station in BandungPT

Raw wastewater tank(3-5 m3)
Ambient and water temperature
Water quality

Test productCollect all effluent• Total water volumein a day• Average water
quality in a day
31

WWTP CERTIFICATION (EXISTING and FUTURE)

Conclusions

 Improvement of decentralized wastewater
treatment development to achieve technicalrequirements and effluent standard
need
upgrading treatment system and certification
system.
 Reliable certification system is strategic
WWTP development and also for dissemination
ofappropriate
domestic
wastewater
treatment facilities in Indonesia.
 We have drafted Indonesian performance
testing
methodtoevaluate
domestic
wastewater treatment facilities.

33