᷷ᥦൻߦࠃࠆ᳓Ⓑߩ෼㊂ᄌേ 㨪ߘߩߒߊߺߣㆡᔕ㨪ᠾಅ࿢‫ؾ‬২ᘐᄂᆮ৑

㐳⼱Ꮉ ೑᜛ 㧚ߪߓ߼ߦో⃿ߩᐔဋ᳇᷷ߪ‫ޔ‬ㆊ෰ 100 ᐕ㧔1906㨪2005 ᐕ㧕ߢ 0.74͠਄᣹ߒߚ‫ޔߦ․ޕ‬20 ਎♿ᓟඨߩർඨ⃿ߩ᳇᷷਄᣹ߪ⪺ߒߊ‫ޔ‬1995㨪2006 ᐕߩ 12 ᐕ㑆ߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬1996 ᐕࠍ㒰ߊ 11 ᐕߩ਎⇇ߩ࿾਄᳇᷷ߪ‫ޔ‬1850 ᐕએ㒠ߢᦨ߽᷷ᥦߥ 12 ᐕߩਛߦ౉ࠆ㧔IPCC‫ޔ‬2007㧕‫↥ޕ‬ᬺ㕟๮એ㒠ߩ᷷ቶലᨐࠟࠬỚᐲߩ਄᣹߇‫ޔ‬᷷ᐲ਄᣹ߩਥ࿃ߣߐࠇࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬CO2 ឃ಴೥ᷫߦะߌߚขࠅ⚵ߺ߇ߥߐࠇߚߣߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᄢ᳇ CO2 ỚᐲߪჇടࠍ
⛯ߌ‫੹ޔ‬਎♿ඨ߫ߦߪ 470ޯ570ppmv‫੹ޔ‬਎♿ߩ⚳ࠊࠅߦߪ 540ޯ970ppm ߦ߽㆐ߒ‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐᐔဋ᳇᷷
ߪ 1.1͠㨪6.4͠਄᣹ߔࠆߎߣ߇੍᷹ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ 㧔IPCC‫ޔ‬2007㧕‫ޕ‬
CO2 ࠍᆎ߼ߣߔࠆ᷷ቶലᨐࠟࠬߩỚᐲ਄᣹ߪ‫ޔ‬᷷ᥦൻߣߘࠇߦ઻߁ⅣႺᄌേࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ߩㄘ૞‛↢↥ߦᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔ‫߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ᄢ᳇ CO2 Ớᐲߩ਄᣹ߪ‫ޔ‬శวᚑࠍଦㅴߒߡㄘ૞‛ߩᚑ㐳ߣ෼㊂ࠍჇടߐߖࠆ߇‫ޔ‬᷷ᐲߩ਄᣹ߪ‫ޔ‬ኙ࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆૐ᷷ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ⊒↢㗫ᐲࠍૐਅߐߖࠆ߽ߩߩ‫↢ߪߦ⥸৻ޔ‬⢒ᦼ㑆ߩ⍴❗‫ޔ‬㜞᷷㓚ኂߩჇടߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ㄘ૞‛↢↥ࠍᷫዋߐߖࠆᣇะߦ௛ߊ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬᷷ᥦൻߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆ᳓⾗Ḯߩᄌേ‫⯻∛ޔ‬ኂߩേะ߽੹ᓟߩ૞‛↢↥ߦߣߞߡᭂ߼ߡ㊀ⷐߥᄌേⷐ࿃ߣߥࠆߎߣ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᓇ㗀߇ታ㓙ߩ࿛႐߿࿾ၞߦ߅޿ߡߤߩ⒟ᐲ⃻ࠇࠆ߆ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩਇ⏕ታⷐ࿃߇㑐ਈߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㔍ߒ޿߇‫ޔ‬㜞 CO2 ỚᐲߦࠃࠆჇ෼ߣ᷷ᥦൻߦࠃࠆᷫ෼ߩߒߊߺࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ㆡᔕߩߚ߼ߩᣇ╷߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧚%1 Ớᐲߩᓇ㗀
 19 ਎♿ߦᬀ‛ߩᚑ㐳ߦ߅ߌࠆ CO2 ߩᓎഀߣ㊀ⷐᕈ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡએ᧪‫ޔ‬᷷ቶ߿ੱᎿ᳇⽎ቶߥߤࠍ೑
↪ߒߚ CO2 Ⴧടታ㛎߇ታᣉߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬CO2 Ớᐲߦኻߔࠆᬀ‛ߩ↢ℂ⊛ᔕ╵߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߡ߈
㧔Free-Air CO2 Enrichment‫ޔ‬ߚ‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕߦߪ‫ޔ‬࿛႐᧦ઙߢ㜞 CO2 ⅣႺࠍ࿐޿ߥߒߢታ⃻ߔࠆ㐿᡼♽ᄢ᳇ CO2 ჇടFACE㧕ታ㛎߇ᆎ߼ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ᬀ‛↢ℂ߿෼㊂ߛߌߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬࿯ფ㧙ᬀ‛ʊᄢ᳇♽ߦ߅ߌࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯‫⾰‛ޔ‬ᓴⅣࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ⎇ⓥ߽ዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬᳓Ⓑࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ FACE ታ㛎ߪ‫ޔ‬1998 ᐕߦㄘᬺⅣႺᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲߣ᧲ർㄘᬺ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇ጤᚻ⋵㔑⍹↸ߢ㐿ᆎߒߚ‫ޕ‬᳓Ⓑ FACE ታ㛎ⵝ⟎ߪ‫ޔ‬ㄘኅ᳓↰ߩ৻ⷺߦ CO2᡼಴↪ߩ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉࠍᱜ౎ⷺᒻ⁁㧔Ꮕߒᷰߒ 12m㧕ߦ⸳⟎ߒ‫࡯࠲࡯ࡘࡇࡦࠦޔ‬೙ᓮߢਛᄩㇱߩ CO2 Ớᐲࠍᄖ᳇ࠃࠅ߽ 200ppm 㜞ߊߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ㘑਄஥߆ࠄ CO2 ࠍ᡼಴ߔࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢ޽ࠆ㧔⹦ߒߊߪዊᨋ㧔2001㧕ࠍෳᾖ‫ޕ‬2007 ᐕ߆ࠄߪ CO2 ඙ౝߦ᳓࿾᷷ࠍ 2͠㜞߼ࠆ඙ࠍ⸳ߌߡ㧘CO2 ߣ᷷ᐲߩ⋧੕૞↪⎇ⓥࠍ㐿ᆎ‫ޕ‬࿑ 1㧕‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘2001 ᐕ߆ࠄߪห᭽ߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ↪޿ߡਛ࿖ᳯ⯃⋭ߦ߅ߌࠆ᳓Ⓑʊࠦࡓࠡ FACE ታ㛎߇ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ᳓Ⓑ FACE ታ㛎ߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᄢ᳇ CO2 Ớᐲߩ਄᣹ߪ‫ޔ‬࿛႐᧦ઙߦ߅޿ߡ߽శวᚑ‫↢‛ੇޔ‬↥ࠍଦㅴߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡሶታ෼㊂ࠍჇടߐߖࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬࿛႐᧦ઙߦ߅޿ߡ߽శว
ᚑߩଦㅴ⒟ᐲ߇↢⢒ߩㅴⴕߦ઻ߞߡᷫዋߔࠆ‫ࠇࠄ߼⹺߇ޠࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯࡟ࡘࠡ࡟ࡦ࠙࠳ޟ‬㧔Seneweera et al㧘
2002㧧Chen et al㧘 2005㧕
‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐੇ‛↢↥ߩଦㅴ₸߽↢⢒ߩㅴⴕߦߣ߽ߥߞߡᷫዋߒ‫ߥ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬Ⴧ෼⒟ᐲ㧔ᮡḰ⓸⚛ᣉ⢈᧦ઙ㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ጤᚻ⋵㔑⍹↸߅ࠃ߮ਛ࿖ᳯ⯃⋭ߣ߽ߦ 14㧑⒟ᐲߣߥߞߚ (Hasegawa et al,2007)‫ߩઁߩߤߥ࠭ࠗ࠳ޔࠡࡓࠦޔߚ߹ޕ‬ਥⷐ C3 ૞‛ߦ߅ߌࠆ FACE ታ㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ 15㧑೨ᓟߩ㘃ૃߒߚჇ෼₸߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬᳓Ⓑࠍ฽߻ਥⷐ૞‛ߩ㜞 CO2 ỚᐲߦࠃࠆჇ෼₸ߪ‫ ޔ‬C3 ᬀ‛ߩ FACE— 19 —ታ㛎ࠍߣࠅ߹ߣ߼ߚࡔ࠲⸃ᨆ㧔ᐔဋ⚂ 24㧑‫ޔ‬Long et al㧘2004㧕߿ᄙߊߩ࠴ࡖࡦࡃ࡯ታ㛎ߦ߅ߌࠆჇ෼₸ࠃࠅ߽ૐ߆ߞߚߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㘩ᢱ↢↥ߩ዁᧪੍᷹ߦ߅޿ߡ CO2 ߦࠃࠆჇ෼ലᨐ߇ㆊᄢ⹏ଔߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߩᜰ៰߽޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔߪߡ޿߅ߦ࠲ࡢ߿࡚ࠪࠗ࡟ࡃޔ‬ᭂ߼ߡᄢ߈ߥ෼㊂ᔕ╵߇⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆߥߤ‫ޔ‬㜞 CO2 Ớᐲߦኻߔࠆᔕ╵ߦߪᄢ߈ߥ⒳㑆Ꮕ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣ߽᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚ‫ࠆߥ⇣ޕ‬࿾ၞߢታᣉߐࠇߚ
FACE ታ㛎࠺࡯࠲ࠍߐࠄߦ⹦⚦ߦ⸃ᨆߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬዁᧪ߩ૞‛↢↥੍᷹ߩ♖ᐲࠍะ਄ߔࠆߛߌߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬㜞 CO2 ỚᐲⅣႺߦㆡߒߚຠ⒳࡮ᩱၭᛛⴚࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆ਄ߢ߽㊀ⷐߥ⍮⷗߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 1㧚ጤᚻ⋵ጤᚻ㇭㔑⍹↸ߩㄘኅ᳓↰ߢ᧲ർㄘᬺ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߣㄘᬺⅣႺᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲ߇౒หߢታᣉਛߩ
㐿᡼♽ᄢ᳇ CO2 Ⴧടታ㛎‫ޕ‬ᱜ౎ⷺᒻ⁁ߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߚ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉ߆ࠄ㧘㘑ะ߈ߦᔕߓߡ CO2 ࠍ᡼಴ߒߡ඙ౝߩ CO2 Ớᐲࠍᄖ᳇ࠃࠅ߽⚂ 200ppm 㜞߼ࠆⵝ⟎‫ޕ‬2007 ᐕ߆ࠄߪ㧘CO2 ඙ౝߦ᳓࿾᷷ࠍ㜞߼ࠆಣℂࠍ⸳ߌߚ‫ޕ‬࿑ߪࡅ࡯࠲࡯ዉ౉ߩ᭽ሶ‫ޕ‬㧚᷷ᐲߩᓇ㗀 ᷷ᐲߪ૞‛ߩᚑ㐳‫ޔ‬෼㊂ᒻᚑ࡮ຠ⾰ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ߶߷ߔߴߡߩㆊ⒟ߦᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬᷷ᐲߩ਄᣹ߪ‫ߩ⨍߿⪲ޔ‬Ⴧടࠍㅦ߼ࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬᳓Ⓑߩ↢⢒ᦼ㑆ࠍ⍴❗ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ෼㊂ߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬㜞᷷ߦࠃࠆ㓚ኂ߽㗫⊒ߔࠆߎߣ߇ ᔨߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦߢߔޕ‬㜞᷷ߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆᄖⷰຠ⾰ߩૐਅߪฦ࿾ߢ໧㗴ⷞߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬㐿⧎ᦼ㗃ߩ㜞᷷ߪ‫ޔ‬ਇ⒤ࠍㅢߓߡᄢ߈ߥᷫ෼ⷐ࿃ߦߥࠆᕟࠇ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙‫࡯ࡃࡦࡖ࠴ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ታ㛎ߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㐿⧎ᦼ㗃ߩ᷷ᐲ߇ 34㨪35͠એ਄ߦߥࠆߣ⫎ߩਇⵚ㐿߿⧎☳ߩḷࠇ಴ߒᣇ߇ᖡߊߥࠅ⒤ታᱠว߇ૐਅߒ‫ޔ‬40͠એ਄ߦߥࠆߣ߶߷ߔߴߡߩⓎ⧎߇ਇ⒤ߦߥࠆߎߣ߇
᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߚ㧔Satake & Yoshida‫ޔ‬1978㧧㊄ࠄ‫ޔ‬1996㧧Matsui et al㧘2001㧕‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ਇ⒤⊒↢ߩ᷷ᐲ߿— 20 —ⵍኂ⒟ᐲߪຠ⒳߿ታ㛎᧦ઙߦࠃߞߡᄢ߈ߊ⇣ߥࠆߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬ደᄖ࿛႐᧦ઙߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞᷷ਇ⒤ߦߪ‫ޔ‬⒳‫ޘ‬ߩⷐ࿃߇㑐ਈߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬න⚐ߦ᳇᷷ߩߺ߆ࠄਇ⒤ᱠวࠍផቯߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬㐿⧎ᤨೞߪຠ⒳߿ⅣႺ᧦ઙߦࠃߞߡᄌേߔࠆ਄‫ޔ‬࿛႐ߩ᳓Ⓑ⟲⪭ߩᓸ᳇⽎ⅣႺߪ࠴ࡖࡦࡃ࡯ߣߪᄢ߈ߊ⇣ߥࠅ‫ޔ‬᳇᷷ߣᗵฃེቭߢ޽ࠆⓄߩ᷷ᐲߦ⪺ߒ޿Ꮕ߇↢ߓࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠆ‫࠙ࠨ࡯ࡘ࠾ࠕ࡝࡜࠻ࠬ࡯ࠝޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ࠬ࠙ࠚ࡯࡞࠭Ꮊߩ᳓↰ߢߪ‫ޔ‬Ⓞ᷷߇᳇᷷ࠃࠅ߽⚂ 6͠ૐߊߥࠆ੐଀߇᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ㧔Matsui et al㧘2007㧕ߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ḓർ⋭ߢߪㅒߦ⚂ 4߽͠㜞޿੐଀߽ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔ศᧄࠄ‫ޔ‬2007㧕‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬㆑޿ߪ‫ޔ‬᳓Ⓑ⟲⪭ߩ⫳ᢔ․ᕈߦട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣ኿‫ޔ‬Ḩᐲ‫ޔ‬㘑ㅦߣ޿ߞߚⅣႺⷐ࿃ߩ㆑޿ߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆ‫੹ߦࠄߐޕ‬ᓟ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ CO2 Ớᐲߩ਄᣹߽‫⪲ޔ‬᳇ሹߩ㐽㎮ࠍㅢߓߡ⟲⪭᷷ᐲ‫ߪߡ޿߭ޔ‬Ⓞߩ᷷ᐲࠍ਄᣹ߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ FACEታ㛎߅ࠃ߮ࡕ࠺࡞⸃ᨆߦࠃߞߡ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ㧔Yoshimoto et al㧘2005)‫⃻ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬࿷߅ࠃ߮዁᧪ⅣႺਅߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞᷷ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࠍ੍᷹ߒߚࠅ‫ޔ‬㜞᷷࿁ㆱᛛⴚߩ᦭ലᕈࠍ⹏ଔߒߚࠅߔࠆ႐วߦ߽‫ޔ‬ደᄖ࿛႐ߢߩᓸ᳇⽎ઙࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬᷷ᥦൻߦࠃࠅ㜞᷷㓚ኂ߇ỗൻߔࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ૐ᷷㓚ኂߩ⊒↢㗫ᐲߪシᷫߔࠆߣߩ⷗ᣇ߽޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬᷷ᥦൻߢ੍᷹ߐࠇࠆ᷷ᐲ਄᣹ߪ‫ޔ‬㜞✲ᐲ࿾ၞߩᣇ߇ૐ✲ᐲ࿾ၞߦᲧߴߡᄢ߈޿ߣߐࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬᳇⽎ᐡ(2005)
ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬20 ਎♿ߩᄐߩ᷷ᐲ਄᣹ߪ‫⷏ޔ‬ᣣᧄߢߪ 1.16r0.27͠‫ޔ‬ർᣣᧄߢߪ 0.53r0.60͠ߣർᣣᧄߢૐ
ߊ‫ޔ‬዁᧪੍᷹ߢ␜ߐࠇߚ௑ะߪ‫ࠈߎߣߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ᣣᧄߢߪ⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫੹ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᓟᐕ‫ߩޘ‬᳇⽎ᄌേ߇Ⴧᄢߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ૐ᷷㓚ኂߩ⊒↢⏕₸ߪᄌࠊࠄߥ޿น⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔߚ߹ޕ‬㔑⍹ FACE ታ㛎‫ߎޕ‬߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬CO2 Ớᐲ਄᣹ߦࠃࠆჇ෼ലᨐߪૐ᷷ᐕߢ᦭ᗧߦૐߊߥࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧔Shimono et al, 2008㧕ߩේ࿃ߦߟ޿ߡߪᧂ⸃᣿ߩㇱಽ߽ᄙ޿߇‫ޔ‬એ਄ߩ⚿ᨐߪ㧘ኙ಄࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆૐ᷷߇዁᧪ⅣႺߦ߅޿ߡ߽ਥⷐߥ↢↥೙㒢ⷐ࿃ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬⠴಄ᕈຠ⒳߿಄ኂ࿁ㆱᛛⴚߩ㐿⊒ߪ੹ᓟ߽㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߣ߼ ᄢ᳇ CO2 Ớᐲߩ਄᣹‫ޔ‬᷷ᥦൻߦࠃߞߡ᳓Ⓑߩ↢↥ⅣႺߪᄢ߈ߊᄌൻߔࠆ‫↢ߩࠄࠇߘޕ‬⢒࡮෼㊂ߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀ߪ‫ޔ‬㜞 CO2 ߦࠃࠆჇ෼ലᨐߣฦ⒳ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦࠃࠆᷫ෼ⷐ࿃ߣߩᏅߒᒁ߈ߢ᳿ቯߐࠇࠆ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬ߩ FACE ታ㛎߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬᳓Ⓑߩ㜞 CO2 Ớᐲߦኻߔࠆᔕ╵߇ᔅߕߒ߽ᄢ߈ߊߥ޿ߎߣ‫⇣ޔ‬Ᏹ᷷ᐲߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆ⒤ታ㓚ኂ߇㜞 CO2 Ớᐲߦࠃߞߡഥ㐳ߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣߥߤ‫ޔ‬CO2 Ớᐲߣฦ⒳ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬⷐ࿃ߣߩ⋧੕૞↪ߩሽ࿷߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚ‫ߢ࡯ࡃࡦࡖ࠴ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᓧࠄࠇߚታ㛎⚿ᨐߣ࿛႐߿࿾ၞߢߩ⃻⽎ߣߩ㑆ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ଐὼߣߒߡᄢ߈ߥ㆑޿߇޽ࠆߎߣ߽੐ታߢ޽ࠆ‫⸃ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬᣿ߪ዁᧪੍᷹ߩ⏕ታᕈࠍ㜞߼ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ㆡᔕᛛⴚߩ᦭ലᕈࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ਄ߢᭂ߼ߡ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ߦ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬ㄘᬺⅣႺᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿛႐߿࿾ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ࿯ფ࡮ᄢ᳇ⅣႺߣࠦࡔ↢↥ߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ✚ว⊛ߦᝒ߃㧘᳇୥ᄌൻߩᓇ㗀⹏ଔ߅ࠃ߮ㆡᔕᛛⴚ㐿⊒ߩߚ߼ߩ⎇ⓥࠍផㅴߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
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ศᧄ⌀↱⟤࡮᧻੗ൕ࡮ዊᨋ๺ᐢ࡮ਛᎹඳⷞ࡮⑔ጟፄᒾ࡮㐳⼱Ꮉ೑᜛ 㧔2007㧕 Ⓞ᷷ផቯࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃࠆ
᳓Ⓑߩ㜞᷷ਇ⒤ߩ᳇⽎⊛ⷐ࿃ߩ⸃᣿㧚ᣣᧄ૞‛ቇળ♿੐ 76㧔೎ 2㧕
㧦162㧙163㧚

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