GUTP and IEEE1888 for Smart Facility Systems
using Internet Architecture Framework
Hiroshi Esaki, Ph.D, and Hideya Ochiai, Ph.D
Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,
The University of Tokyo, Japan
E-mail : hiroshi@wide.ad.jp, jo2lxq@hongo.wide.ad.jp
Abstract
The GUTP(www.gutp.jp), Green University of Tokyo Project, is the multi-stakeholder
R&D and promotional consortium composed by more than 30 private companies and 15
NPOs. Using the live testbed, i.e., 12 floor high R&D and R&E building in Hongo
Campus of The University of Tokyo, we developed and deployed the IP-based open
facility system with multi-vendor environment. The protocol and architecture frameworkhas been standardized as IEEE1888 (UGCCnet; Ubiquitous Green Community Control
networks) system. HVAC, lights, digital signage, various filed-bus or other sensors andactuators are integrated through common database, while running multiple applications,which referring the common database and controlling field devices. The primaryobjective of our smart building or smart facility was energy saving. However, as we
recognized from the start of the GUTP, new applications and innovations, which is notdirectly related with energy saving, are emerging.
Key words: Internet, Eco-System, Green IT, sensor network.

1. Introduction
Future Internet will have to contribute theimprovement of efficiency regarding all the activity
developed and deployed on the Earth, i.e., saying
smarter city or town. The internet system discussed in
the paper is not the global computer network using theIP (Internet Protocol), but is rather logical architectureof the system applied in the Internet. As discussed inGreen ICT business, we need the ubiquitous and global
scaled sensor and actuator networks in order to develop
and to deploy the energy aware system. In this paper,
the author discusses why the “Internet” is very efficientplatform, leading to Eco-System. Many networks tocontribute to energy saving and to environment
preservation, will adapt the IP technology. However,these networks would be of so-called closed IP
network, which is not connected to the global Internet.
For
many
under-discussing/under-developing“future” networks, even when it would be a closed
network, it will be a global network. However, these
may be disconnected, i.e., fragmented. So as to conduct
and to deliver the innovation, the network should beinterconnected with smaller technical and operationaldifficulties. Also, it has been proven by the existing
Internet that building the network by single entity is
so/too expensive, but shared by multiple entities may
be far cheaper for all entities.
ISOC (Internet Society; www.isoc.org/) Board ofTrustee (BoT) has a concrete direction regarding thefuture Internet, which is toward the Internet EcoSystem. Eco-system has the sustainability, while
preserving the continuous innovations. It may not
optimal solution, but, as a result, it is flexible andadaptable, against the change of condition orenvironment with low cost.
As a background, when we look at large computer
systems, including facility networks, there are manysystems and networks that adapt the IP (Internet
Protocol). However, still, there are many non-IP or
closed IP systems, in the real world. And, many
networks and systems tend to be fragmented, from theview point of each company’s business strategy. Thisis serious concerning toward the “Eco-System”
development.
This paper tries to define the objective and goal of the
future Internet for smarter city or town. It is that; (1)Avoiding the fragmentation of IP systems andnetworks., (2) Encourage the collaboration among sub-

systems, that use IP or may not use IP, (3) Explore theEco-system, that delivers the cheaper systemdevelopment and deployment, while preserving thetechnical and business innovations.

2. Energy Saving Business “BY” ICT
2.1. Potential of Business Opportunity “by”
ICT
Energy saving and the protection of environment forsustainable society is now global agenda, which wemust achieve for the next generation and for our Earth.
This activity around IT and ICT industry is called as“Green IT/ICT”. Though the most of the Green IT/ICT
would focus on the energy saving “of” IT/ICT
equipments, we are focusing on the energy saving “by”
IT/ICT technologies.
It is said that the revenue contribution by ICT
industry in the GDP is less than 10%. More than 90%
revenue is come from non-ICT industries. Nowadays,
almost all the companies depend on ICT technology for
their corporate operation. And, how to use the ICT
defines the marketing power and operating power ofcompanies. The facility system, such as building
system, uses a lot of proprietary technologies by eachsegment and by each company. For example, it has
been reported that the major complex in down-town
Tokyo has more than 200 K monitors and actuators in asingle building, while each sub-systems would use
different technologies.
So, we can realize that the energy saving is now“Global” agenda, as well as good new business area for
ICT industry.
This is because all the facility
components must be monitored and controlled bycomputer system, so as to achieve the effective energy
saving performance. However, the facility system uses
a lot of proprietary technologies and components havenever cooperated to each other, in the past.

2.2. Third Wave of City/Metropolitan Design
Principle
We would be the process of innovation or revolution,
regarding how to design to build the city or metropolis.
(1) The first wave; agricultural age
At this age, the agriculture is the main industry,
and the symbol of valuable assets would be fruitfuland fertile land, mainly a farmland. Rich people in
the age have larger rich farmland. Therefore, thevillage or city was built near the river and thelocation, where have good weather. In other words,
the most important parameter or component would
be a water supplying infrastructure.
(2) The second wave; industrial age
At this age, the manufacturing is the main industry,
and the symbol of valuable assets would be
artificial products, objects or money. Rich people
may love to have much products or money.
Therefore, the city or metropolis was built at thelocation, where the logistics condition is better. In
other words, the most important parameter orcomponent to build the city would be a logistic
infrastructure.
(3) The third wave; information age
At this age, the digital intellectual activity would
be the main industry, and the symbol of valuableassets would be knowledge or intellectual property,
with less energy consumption.
The best
performance on intellectual activity is recognized
as the responsibility of civilized people or country,
and is recognized as the global agenda. Rich
people may love to have rich intellectual
communication and life. Therefore, the city or
metropolis was built so as to effective network
environment, with effective energy supply anddemand system. In other words, the most importantparameters or components to build the city or town
would be an information infrastructure and energy
SCM(Supply Chain Management) infrastructure.

2.3. Contribution of Internet and Internet
Architecture Framework
The future Internet system, that is a real object of theInternet, will be a nerves system, and the server
systems, such as cloud computing platform, will be abrain, in the future smart city or smart town, when wecompare the smart city/town with the human-being.
Even when human has strong components, e.g., leg,arm, muscle or bone, the human can not work wellwithout coordinated control among the components.
When we have better coordination and cooperation
among the components (organs), we can achieve thesame work with less energy, or we can achieve better
work with the same energy consumption. This means
that, so as to achieve an Eco-body in human body, thenerves system and brain must achieve highperformance to integrate all the information atcomponents, and to control the components. On thecontrary, the components have to run somehow
independently and autonomously. Of course, eachcomponent has diversity and replace-ability, for thesustainability of human body and it’s component. As a

result, the future Internet system will contribute to the
Eco-Social-Infrastructure development through thephysical entity and though the concept of Internetarchitecture framework.
When we observe the future computer facility in acity or in a town, a lot of computers, currently in everyorganization, will move into IDC (Internet Data
Center), at least by the following two reasons.
Computers widely spread in cities or in towns cancommunicate with far smaller latency and larger
bandwidth, since the physical distance among thecomputers can be reduced. Also, the computers can beinstalled stable and better environment, regarding thetemperature control and power supply management.
The other benefit will be the achievement of energy
saving as a total system. When we run the computersin the individual offices, we must run the airconditioning system 24 hours a day, so as to take care
the heat generated by the computers. However, when
we move these computers to IDC, we will be able toreduce the amount of energy consumption at the{usual} offices. Energy consumption will move to
IDC, since IDC can have far better operational
efficiency than the {usual} office.
Based on the above discussion, we are designing thesystem and protocol architecture of future Internet
system, especially focusing on the facility networking,as IEEE1888[1]. The referenced architecture is shownin figure 1. It is the database-centric architecture. We
allow various types of field-bus technologies, while
those filed-bus systems report to the data to {global
scale} shared database. Any application on the Earthcan access any data in shared database using the same
API. Also, the control and management API between
the field-bus system and applications are commonly
defined.

2.4. Eco-System Development Scenario
The real target of energy saving by ICT is not theenergy saving itself, but is to establish ubiquitous
digital sensor and actuator network environment and toencourage the technical innovation/revolution or new
applications using this network platform.

Figure1 Referenced Architecture for Facility Network

We try to establish the Win-Win relationship between
environment /energy-saving and ubiquitous networking.
As the Step 1, we have to establish the following threemandatory components;
1. Sensors and actuators network
2. Collaborative operation among individualcomponents
3. Control the energy flow using the information.
Then, as the Step 2, we will obtain the ubiquitous
digital space sharing all the digital information. Here,the important point is each equipments and components
are already paid-off for their own objectives. Finally,
we would go into Step3; using this ubiquitous digitalspace, we could deliver a lot of inventions, innovations
and new applications using the same infrastructure.
We could realize that this is a yet another “end-toend” model that the Internet has achieved. So, the real
goal of energy saving activities using ICT (and by
future Internet system) is sharing any digital
information over the globe, so to achieve higher
efficiency on human and social activities and toestablish the digital network infrastructure to achievesustainable innovations.

3. Green University of Tokyo Project(http://www.gutp.jp/)
3.1 Project Overview
The GUTP, Green University of Tokyo [2], hasstarted its activities since June 2008 complying with
the TSCP. The basic goal of the project is to showtechnical approaches of reducing CO2 emissions, more
properly electric consumption. To achieve the energy
saving, the scope of the project contains both “of” and“by” IT/ICT for the energy saving. In detail, we, ourproject members, try to not only save electric
consumption of IT/ICT equipments but also adapt
IT/ICT technologies for more efficient and intelligent
facility managements.
To demonstrate and validate our approaches, we set
up an experimental field in the Faculty of Engineering
Bld.2 (Eng. Bldg.2) and conduct various types ofdemonstration experiments there.
At the same time, since we do realize thatcompulsory energy-saving activities do not work wellas our experiences, we recognize that there should be a
way that all the people are willing to tackle the energy
saving. So, through demonstrating energy-saving
experiments we also try to model a scenario that makepeople tackle the energy saving.
Project members mainly consist of privatecompanies, universities and organizations/associationsand various types of companies participate in the
project; some of them are giant electronic corporate,some of others focus on facility managements andsome of the rest are trading companies. The project
started with twenty-seven companies/organizations andnow the number of participants becomes forty-one asof 1st September, 2009. Since the project has not been
funded by public institutions such as government
agencies or national institutes, the project activities aresupported by participants’ budgets.

3.2 Protocol Design and Implementation
We design the protocol architecture so that the system
has the feature of “Eco-System”1. With the author’s
understanding, the followings are some of requiredfeatures for Eco-Systems;(1) Independency of individuals and sub-systems
Each individual and sub-system must live or be
operate-able by themselves, at least temporally.
1

An Eco-System is a natural unit consisting of all plants,
animals and micro-organisms in an area functioning
together with all of the physical factors of theenvironment. Ecosystems can be permanent or temporary,
in both spatial domain and in time domain. An EcoSystem is a unit of interdependent organisms which sharethe same habitat. Eco-Systems usually form a number offood webs/chains, as the interaction among theindependent organisms. In the area of economics, the
Eco-System is defined as a business structure among
related organizations (e.g., private companies), which
form the cooperative and collaborative business activities
to yield benefits and innovations for themselves.

(2) Autonomous operation of individuals and subsystems
Each individual and sub-system can make theiroperational and governance rules by themselves.
(3) Interaction among individuals and sub-systems
Individual and sub-system have some level ofinteraction, e.g., cooperation and collaboration,with other individuals and sub-systems.
(4) Adaptability against the change of environment
Individual and sub-system can adapt themselves,
according to the change of environment.
Also, we consider that the Internet architecture does
not mean the particular protocol suites, such as existing
TCP/IP. TCP/IP itself has experienced a lot of protocol
modifications and functional enhancements, during the
deployment of global Internet system. We must
recognize that the Internet architecture is the “logical”
architecture framework, not the particular protocol sets
nor routers and switches [3].
Therefore, we design the protocol architecture of theGreen University of Tokyo system, so as to include thefollowing five essential features of the Internetarchitecture. These are (1) autonomous, (2) distributed,(3) disconnected, (4) inter-domain, and (5) global,
operation. The current Internet system has beenchallenged by the following three aspects; global,
ubiquitous and mobility.
The followings are yet other design parameters forus.
(a) Impossible to accommodate earth with single
technology
We have wide variety of technologies so as toconnect the digital devices, especially in thefield of facility networks. In order to maintainthe continuous innovation of networking
technology, we have to intentionally maintainthe capability of alternativeness in the
networking components. This feature, i.e.,
diversity and replace-ability, leads to the
aspect of sustainability and adaptability in
Eco-System.
(b) Investment and operation is always
autonomous
Installation and operation of system by thesingle organization is neither scalable nor
realistic. We have to design the system, whichcollaborates and cooperates to each other in a
distributed and autonomous manner.
(c) We have large area where, even, wirelesswould be hard to use
Though we have a lot of nodes, which areconnected to the network via wireless links,
we will still have a lot of nodes and area,
which could not be connected to the Internet.
This will be true in facility networks, when we
have mobile objects in the system.
In order to realize the requirements discussed above,
we have recognized that the followings are some key
components for the future Internet system.
(1) DTN [4]DTN represents Delay Tolerant Networking or
Delay Disruption Networking. The legacy Internetarchitecture has implicitly assumed that thecommunicating peers can mutually transact the IP
packets with a certain and reasonable latency.
However, in order to accommodate all the digitalequipments in the facility, we could not assume
that all the equipments were always connected tothe system.
(2) Message routing [5][6]The existing Internet system has adopted the (IP)packet routing. In the IP packet routing, the source
node resolves and informs the destination IP
address with TCP/UDP port, before the source
node starts the communication, i.e., source nodeinitiates the communication. However, in the
future Internet system, (a) the source nodes may
want to send the data, without resolving andinforming the particular destination node(s), and(b) the peer nodes may not be required any statesynchronization for data communication. The
message routing, e.g., publisher-subscriber model,
would be a possible communication model in oursystem.
(3) P2P technology
P2P technological framework would be a key
component of future Internet system. We could
implicate the P2P technology as followed, i.e.,
introduction of three key functions into theexisting “naïve” Internet architecture;
1. {networked} Cache and Proxy
2. {networked} DMA (Direct Memory Access)
3. {networked} Virtual memory system (byDHT)
Figure 2 shows the system overview of GUTP
system, developed in our real office in downtown
Tokyo, Japan. The design principle is; (1) common
database, i.e., database centric, (2) accommodating
various types of field-buses and sub-systems and (3)common APIs for database system and field-buses
from applications. So as to accommodate various typesof field-buses and sub-systems, we adopt (a) the XML
routing among these heterogeneous sub-systems as acommon communication protocol, (b) pub-sub system(as a DTN capability) and (c) IP technology in the
backbone area. By the introduction of XML routing,
we can accommodate various types of field-buses andsub-systems, while preserving the capability of smoothmigration to IP-based sub-systems in the future. Also,
the introduction of DTN capability is very importantand critical for the system, so as to improve theoperational robustness in the system.
The left-bottom square is the system originallyinstalled in the building. We have added the gateways
to connect with the common bus among the subsystems, such as HVAC or lightening system. Throughthe common bus, multiple common database systems
are installed and operated, autonomously andindependently. Also, the multiple application softwareis installed and operated, autonomously andindependently, as well. With this system configuration,
we can provide the environment where the sub-systems
can cooperate and collaborate to each other. In otherwords, the legacy system was enough stupid andexpensive to deny the cooperation and collaboration
among the sub-systems, since the sub-systems are
isolated by their own proprietary technologies. By the
introduction of common protocol, we can provide theopportunity of cooperation and collaboration for thesesub-systems, even though they use their own
proprietary technologies.

Figure 2 System Overview of Eng.No.2 Building

3.3 Development of Measurement Systems

First of all, to save the energy, it is necessary to findout where there is room for the improvement. Since
utilizing the IT/ICT technologies for the energy saving
is one of the important objectives of the project, theproject also applies the IT/ICT technologies to theelectric consumption monitoring.
But there were three issues to develop the IT/ICT
based electric consumption monitoring system inside
the Eng. Bldg.2 as follows; (1) the building had alreadybeen in the operational phase when the project started
in June 2008: (2) the power monitoring system in thebuilding was not designed to utilize the IT/ICT system:(3) due to the conventional facility management
scheme, power lines were managed by equipments/subsystems not by facilities/users.
As a result, it was hard for users such as faculties,
officers and students to realize how they really use
electronic equipments and emit greenhouse gases.
To monitor the electric consumption through the
IT/ICT technologies, the project introduces various
techniques and technologies. Some of monitoring
technologies the project applies are described below;(1) Standardized facility management protocol:
There exist standardized facility management
protocol s such as BACnet 2 ®/WS [7] andoBIX 3 [8]. In these days, many companies
deploy their equipments so as to interpret those
protocols, and those protocols are now
available through the IT/ICT technologies. So,
electric consumption of equipments can becollected through those protocols.
(2) Contactless sensor:
CIMX Corporation deploys and develops ESPDragon® that can collect electric consumption
through setting up proprietary hardware,contactless sensors, inside distribution boards.
Data collected through contactless sensors aresent to a management server through theInternet and is visualized (Mieruka).
(3) HD-PLC (Power Line Communication):
Panasonic Corporation deploys an electric
consumption monitoring module that works
with the HD-PLC. The module is set between
a socket and a plug, and then collected data is
2

A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation andControl Networks; BACnet is a registered trademark of
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
3OASIS Open Building Information eXchange TechnicalCommittee;

sent to the Internet through the HD-PLC(Figure 7).
(4) Power Monitoring for PCs:
Mitsubishi Corporation introduces BigFix® tomonitor electric consumption of PCs(desktop/laptop) and servers as shown in
Figure 8. Different from the above system, we
can measure electric consumption with the
BigFix even when PCs are out of offices. Thisis useful, because especially laptop PCs arecarried by people who move around in thebuilding and therefore it is hard to trace aunique PC for the purpose of the powermonitoring.
Leveraging these techniques/technologies, theproject is now collecting more than 1,500 point data
constantly, which include electronic, gas and water
consumptions and facilities’ status information (as of
May 2009). All the collected data can be accessed
through the standard protocol that the project is now
design/formulating.

3.4 Implementing “Mieru-ka” for Collected
Data
Even though collecting data, users do not makeeffective use of the data for the energy saving unlessusers can easily access to the data. Furthermore, thedata should be not only accessible but also
understandable for users. To provide the easily
understandable data to users, the project recognizes
that implementing “Mieru-ka” (making visible) should
be one of the ways.
In the project, some of member companies, such as
CIMX Corporation, Panasonic Corporation, Ubiteq Inc.
and Digital Electronics Corporation, address on Mieruka, and what they focus on are listed as follows;(1) Display time-line trend of electric
consumption:
As shown in Figure 3, by displaying time-line
trend of electric consumption such as daily,
weekly or monthly, users can notice that how
their usages differ in a one day from the one in
another day. Also, by comparing the difference
in daily variation, users can examine what kindof activities causes it. Therefore, users could
know how they act next.
(2) Dynamic Facility Management:
Ubiteq, Inc. and Cisco Systems develop the
new router, called as BX-Office, that controlsfacilities such as lights and air conditioners
based on timetables of lecture and conference
rooms. The basic idea of this system is to
manage facilities based on their usage. Since
especially classrooms are usually used along atimetable, it would become effective if
facilities are managed based on it. And, since
the BX-Office also works with motion sensors,
facilities can be managed when people usethem without a reservation.

autonomous, (2) distributed, (3) disconnected, (4)inter-domain, and (5) global, operation. Also thedesign principle of GUTP system is; (1) common
database, i.e., database centric, (2) accommodating
various types of field-buses and sub-systems and (3)common APIs for database system and field-buses
from applications. So as to accommodate various typesof field-buses and sub-systems, we adopt (a) the XML
routing among these heterogeneous sub-systems as acommon communication protocol, (b) pub-sub system(as a DTN capability) and (c) IP technology in the
backbone area. Based on the collaboration among
academia and industry, a lot of and vide variety ofcomponents technologies are introduced in to thecommon platform and start the cooperation andcollaboration.

References(Source: GUTP Experiment WG)

Figure 3 Time-line based Power Consumption

4. Conclusion
This paper discusses the contribution of ICT systemand of the future Internet for energy saving, that is now
global agenda for all the countries and for human-being.
We should design the energy saving system, similar as
the “Eco-System”, as the existing Internet system hasachieved. By the achievement of sharing any digital
information over the globe, we will be able to deliver
higher efficiency on human and social activities and toestablish the digital network infrastructure to achievesustainable human and social innovations.
In this paper, as a practical project operation, wegive the overview of the GUTP (Green University ofTokyo Project). We design the protocol architecture of
the Green University of Tokyo system, so as to include
the following five essential features of the Internetarchitecture, as defined in IEEE1888. These are (1)[1] IEEE1888, http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1888/[2] Green University of Tokyo Project. [Online]
http://www.gutp.jp.
[3] Private chat with Dr.Robert Kahn, November 2004.
[4] Sergio Carrilho, Hiroshi Esaki, "A Pub/Sub Message
Distribution Architecture for Disruption Tolerant
Networks", IEICE Special Section of Transactions on
Information and Systems, Vol.E92-D No.10.,
pp.1888-1896,October 2009.
[5] Hideya Ochiai, Hiroshi Esaki, "Toward Open Facility
Networking: Semantics Management for Higher-Level
Interoperability", 2nd Asia Future Internet Workshop,
Jeju, Korea, August 2009.
[6] H.Ochiai, H.Esaki, "Mobility Entropy and Message
Routing in Community-Structured Delay Tolerant
Networks", ACM SIGCOMM, Asian Internet
Engineering Conference (AINTEC) 2008, Bangkok,
Thailand, November 2008.
[7] American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). BACnet.
[Online] http://www.bacnet.org/.
[8] oBIX Open Building Information Xchange. [Online]
http://www.obix.org/obix.htm[9] BX-Office by Ubiteq Inc.,[Online in Japanese]
http://www.ubiteq.co.jp/products/bxoffice.html