Case studies ofAdvanced
Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies
In JAPAN

March,2019

Promotion Council for Recycling Construction Materials and Wastes

Introductory notes on“Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition
waste(CDW) Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPAN”
We act as the world top runner in terms of the policy system, actual recycli n grate, and recycle technologies in the course of challenging to the Construction and
Demolition waste (CDW) Recyclingof Japan. (Referto the description offollowing pages.)

The Promotion Council for Recycling Construction M aterials and Wastes has
pushed forward various activities , such as preparation of this “Case Studies ”, etc.
With these activities , the academic, business, and government will deliver
jointly the informat ion on advanced CDW recycling initiatives and technologi e s
in Japan from Tokyo to all sections of Japan and further to the world.
Such activities were motivated by the opportunity of Japan attracting the world
attentions because of The 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games

This “Case Studeis ” has been compiled through cooperation of those concern ed
and will be review ed as required from time to time.

Note that this “ Case Studeis” is availabl e in PDF form from the followin g address :https://www. s uis hi n k ai gi.j p/ en/ wo rk s. htm l

M arch, 2019
Promotion Council for Recycling Construction M aterials and Wastes(Secret ariat; Advanced Construction Technology Center (ACTEC）)

Construction and Demolition Waste(CDW) Recycling ratio of Japan and major EU countries

Country
E BelgiumU*1 Germany

Amount of
CDW excluding
excavat ed
excavate d soil
soilGeneration Recycling
generated amountratio
Data (million(millionannual tons)
Remarkstons) *2(%) *2
2012
2012

113.7

14.8

97.6

82.2

96.0

24.2

93.0

44.8

86.5

Netherlands

2012

United Kingdom

2012

Italy

2012

38.8

76.0

Spain

2012

27.6

68.0

France

2012

64.2

63.0

66.1
(72.7)

97.0(96.0)

Japan *3

FY
2012

54.4

180.1

T he recycling ratio notincluding backfill is 68%

Values in ( ) include
construction sludge*1: EU country data are organiz ed by the Promotion Council for Recycling Construction
M aterials and Wastes secretariat (ACTEC) from the following HP country report
http://ec.europa.eu/environment /wast e/studies /mixed_w ast e.ht m*2:excluding construct ion sludge
The recycling ratio of EU includes backfill.
*3: The data of Japan is M LIT “Survey Results of CDW 2012”

Promotion Council for Recycling Construction Materials and Wastes
S ecretariat

Advan ce d Construction Technology Center (ACTEC）
Oak-Oto wa Bldg., 2-15-6, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan
Phone +81-3-39 42 -39 9 1

Fax+81-3 -3 94 2 -0 4 24

URL:http:// www. act ec. o r.j p/ en gli sh /E-mail:act ech t@act ec. o r. jp

FoundedM ay 1992

HP URL
Component
Organizations

https://www.s uishinkaigi.jp /en/index.ht ml

Consisting 33 members such as
Regional conferences
MLIT ※
Prefectures
Major Cities
other Local Authorities
Public utilities

Construction Contractors
Association of Waste
Processing Plants
ACTEC （Secretariat）（※MLIT：MINISTRY OF LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT）

PurposeOur goal is to plan and effectively carry out activities to promote
construction and demolit ion waste management, along withpublicity to raise public awareness about promoting construction
material and waste recycling (including "reduction," "reuse,""recycling" and "appropriate disposal"), in collaborat ion with ourcomponent organiz at ions , to ensure the smooth implementat ion of
construction work, effective use of resources, reduced generat ionof waste products and protection of our living environment.

Details ofactivities-Organiz at ion of the Technical Workshop and Exhibit ion on
Construction and Demolit ion Waste M anagement (once per year)-Publicat ion of organiz at ion newsletter "Construct ion and
Demolition Waste M anagement " (4 times per year)-Publicat ion of handbooks , pamphlets, books, etc.
-Recommendat ion of candidat es for the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, andRecycle) Promotion M erit Awards-Provision of various relevant informat ion (news emails , website)Listed on"Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPAN"
ObjectOrganization

Name of initiative and technology

1 Policy ·institution

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT)

Measures Taken in Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW)
Recycling in Japan

1

2

Tokyo Metropolitan Government Measures Taken in Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW)

7

Page

Recycling In Tokyo Metropolitan Government
3

JIS overview of recycled aggregate for concrete

13

ACRAC Quality audit system(Quality audit system on recycled aggregate for concrete)

15

4

Affairs Council of RecycledAggregate Concrete(ACRAC)

5

Kinki Regional Construction &"Kinki Construction Recycling Award"
Demolition Waste measure liaison (Award system for CDWrecycling promotion activities in Kinki region)
council
RYOMA KITAGAKI,T he Associated New quality management codes for low quality recycled aggregate named

6

General Contractors of T okyo,Association of Building
Demolition Contractors of T okyo,T okyo Industrial
Waste Association

18
21"Tokyo brand ‘Cool eco-Stone’", extending applicability for several
soil/ground materials.
Effective utilization technology of fly ash and coal ash

24

Non-fired eco bricks

27

9 Prevention SHIMIZU CORPORATION

Construction project of temporary exhibition hall on the eastern side of Tokyo
Big Site.~ Construction project of 100% recycling exhibition hall that can beeasily removed ~39

10 Concrete

Resource stock type Completely Recyclable Concrete(Concrete using limestone aggregate as the total amount of aggregate)45

11 Constrution SEIYUKOGYO Co.,LtdsludgeRecycling Technology of construction sludge

48

12"Joint Project for Effective Reuse of the Soils" Effective utilization ofshield tunnel construction sludge using tracing technology

52

Improvement of recycling by high precision sorting of construction
mixed waste

59

7 Recycled
HAZAMA ANDO
constructio CORPORATIONn materials
8
KAMEI SEITO Co.Ltd

TOUZAKI Co.,Ltd

Hanshin Expressway Co., Ltd,

13 Construction TAKATOSHI Co., Ltd
mixed waste

14 Construction Research group for “Neko Chip” “Neko Chip” construction method
wood waste construction method

64

15 ExcavatedsoilTokyo Urban Planning andDevelopment Corporation

Tokyo Metropolitan Construction Waste Soil (Excavated soil)
Recycling Center Operation Management Project66

16

Tokyo Outer Ring Road Office,Kanto Regional Development
Bureau, MLIT
MORI Forest Environmental
Technology Laboratory Co. ,Ltd

Policy on excavated soil generated Tokyo Outer Ring Road (Kanetsu～
Tomei) construction

73

Bon Terrain Construction Method(High moisture content mudbank recycling system)

79

18

OKUNOKOTOH Co. ,Ltd

OKUNOKOTOH Soil improvement technology

88

19

JDC Corporation

Twister Method(soil improvement device, rotary crushing and mixing method)92

20 Etc.

Japan Industrial Waste
Management Foundation

Slope stability and bearing capacity of landfills and simple on-site test
methods

94

17

Measures Taken in Construction and
Demolition Waste (CDW) Recycling inJapan
Environment and Recycle Planning office,
Policy Planning and Coordination Division for Public Works Project,
Policy Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

History of dealing with waste in japan(Excretion treatment→Waste treatment→Sound Material-Cycle Society）
Sanitary issues

Public Cleansing Act (1954)

Garbage and excretion were disposed ofby ocean disposal and land disposal
Mosquitoes and fly arise from waste disposal sites→Sanitary control required(since the 1945's)

Pollution issues

Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Act (1971)

Increase in waste volume due to rapid economic growth→Waste treatment by not only municipalities
but also businesses is required.
Construction of incineration plants and landfill sites(since the 1955's)
Environmental andresource issues
Proper treatment and utilization of waste,
More momentum on environmental issues→Proper circulative resource such as recycling
is necessary(since the 1989's)

Recycling law according to the individual waste(1995～～),
Construction Materials Recycling Act (2000)
Basic Act on Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle
Society(2001)-1-

1

What is a Sound Material-Cycle Society ?
a "Sound Material-Cycle Society" means a society in which the consumption of natural resources will be conserved
and the environmental load will be reduced to the greatest extent possible, by preventing or reducing the generation ofwastes(Basic Act on Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society [promulgated in 2000, enforced in 2001] Article 2)

Production(Manufacturing,
distribution etc.)

Priority 1

ReduceConsumption · Use

Priority 3

Priority 2

Recycle

Reuse

Waste
Waste treatment(Recycle,incineration etc.)

Proper disposal

Final disposal(Landfill disposal)

Promotingunifiedgovernment
efforts toward
the formationof a Sound
Material-Cycle
Society

Forming a society in which the amount of
natural resource input is suppressed andthe environmental burden is reduced byproper 3R and proper disposal

The Fundamental Plan for Establishing a Sound
Material-Cycle Society

Natural resource input

2

Generation and disposal of CDW
CDW accounts for approximately 20% of all industrial waste ,and 25% of final disposed amount.
Chemical
11.9 million tons
3.0%
Iron and Steel
28.63 million tons
7.3%
Pulp, Paper,
Paper Products
32.61 million tons
8.3%

Other
55.15 million tons
14.0%

Construction
81.61 million tons
20.8%

approximately 25%

Electricity, gas, heat supply,and water service
101.03 million tons
25.7%

CDW
2.9 million tons

Agriculture, Forestry
81.9 million tons
20.8%

Other industrial waste
7.5 million tons

approximately 20%

Total 392.84 million tons

2.6%

Total 10.4 million tons

Final disposed amount

Generated amount(result in fiscal year 2014; Ministry of Environment）※Other industrial waste; result in fiscal year 2014; Ministry of Environment※CDW; result in fiscal year 2012; MLIT

3

-2-

System of legislation designed to establish a sound material-cycling society
Environmental Basic Act
Basic Act on Establishinga Sound Material-Cycle Society

Basic framework forEnvironmental issue

Act on Promoting Green Procurement

Fundamental Plan for Establishinga Sound Material-Cycle Society

Waste Disposal andPublic Cleansing Act

Act on the Promotion of
Effective Utilization of Resources

General law on recycling

Regulations
established inaccordance withthe characteristics
of individual type ofwaste

The Basic Environment Plan

Container and Packaging Recycling Act

Sorted by municipalities / Recycling by manufacturer

Home Appliance Recycling Act

Retrieval by retail store / Recycling by manufacturer

Construction Materials Recycling Act

Sorting specific CDW by type at theconstruction/demolition site
and Recycling sorted specific CDW

Food Recycling Act

Recycling by food manufacturing, processing, and distributors

End-of-life Vehicle Recycling Act

Recycling of airbag / shredder dust and destruction of fluorocarbons
by automobile manufacturers

Small Home Appliance Recycling Act

Promotion of recycling of used small electronic devices
such as digital cameras and game machines

4Construction Material Recycling Act
Under the Construction Material Recycling Act, construction contractors of a certain scale or more
were required to sort and recycle specific CDW.
(Established in 2000, enforced in 2002)

Applicable construction works
・demolition work of building : total floor space ≧ 80㎡㎡
・construction work or enlargement work : total floor space ≧ 500㎡㎡
・civil engineering work : contract fee ≧ 5 million yen
・repair work or remodeling : contract fee ≧ 100 million yen
Specific construction materials
concrete, construction material from concrete and iron, wood asphalt concrete
Obligation to implement
construction contractor
Sorting CDW
Sorting specific CDW by type at the construction /demolition site.
※specific CDW is CDW of specific construction materials

Recycling CDW
Recycling sorted specific CDW※ Recycling is the act of putting it in a state that it can be used as a material or raw
material or making it available for obtaining heat energy by combustion-3-

5

Recycling and reduction Rate of CDW
The recycling and reduction rate of CDW steadily rise

100%

98%
96%

90%
Recycling and reduction Rate

80%
70%
60%

81%

83%

98.7% 98.6% 98.4% 99.5%
97.5% 98.1% 97.3% 99.3%
94.4%
89.4%
89.3% 90.7% 85.1% 88.3%
80.1%
85.0%
83.0%
74.5% 78.6%

30%
20%
10%

80％or more
※2 Efficient utilization
rate of excavated soil

68.6%

65%

61%

60％or more

58.2%

50%
40%

99％ or more
99％or more
95％or more
90％or more

41%

40%

39.3%

36.0%

32%
27.7%

14%

Asphalt waste
Concrete waste
Wood waste(reduction included)
Construction sludge(reduction included)
Mixed waste(reduction included)
Soil used construction work

9%

11%

※1

0%
1995

2000

2002

2005

2008

2012 Fiscal year

Fiscal 2018 target※1 Rate of soil excavated another construction site of soil used construction site

6

Outline of “Construction Recycling Promotion Plan 2014”
7 main themes(1) Set up ways to monitor CDW .
(2) Resolve regional problems.
(3) Work in coordination with other environmental policies.
(4) Be sure to make reducing plans at the design stage.
(5) Be sure to sort waste at construction sites and to carry waste toproper plants.
(6) Make use of CDM.
(7) Make a proper system for recycling construction soil(excavated soil).
10 sub themes(1)Information management and logistics management ,(2) Strengthen cooperation among
related parties,(3) Promotion of understanding and participation,(4) Fostering CDW
recycling market,(5) Promotion of technology development etc.(6)Prevention,(7)On-sitesorting,(8)Recycling and reduction ,(9)Appropriate disposal ,(10)Reuse/Use of recycledmaterials
7-4-New themes for the next generation of Construction
Recycling Plan
1. Supply system innovation and Work-style reform AI ⇒ Recycling facilities etc.
 BIG DATA ⇒ “COBRIS( Construction Byproducts Resource Information Interchange System) ““e-Manifests”
 DRONE ⇒ Demolition site patrols in order to ensure theenforcement of Construction Materials Recycling Act etc.

2. Maintenance and renovation era
 How will it change from now?
 What kind, quantity and quality of CDW generated in large quantities?

3. “The Basic Rule on CDW ”
 By the rule ,can’t carry excavated soil over 50 km from an originalsite to another.

4.Promoting use of recycled materials
 Recycling rate of concrete waste is already up to 99%.
⇒ Another index for recycled concrete waste.

8“The Basic Rule on CDW ”
Regardless of any economic reason, you must keep this Basic rule of
CDW recycle in Public Works.
Construction site
Concrete waste
Recycled crusher-run
asphalt waste
Recycled bituminous mixture

wood waste

Obligation to carry
Recycling facilities
Use on site within 40km ※Obligation to carry
Recycling facilities
Use on site within 40km
And 1.5 hour ※Obligation to carry

Recycling facilities

if it is impossible, incinarate
Excavated soil

Obligation to carry within 50km

Another construction site(include private works)

Soil/sandUse on site within 50km ※※Use it on condition that the required quality is satisfied
-5-

9

-6-

Measures Taken in Construction and
Demolition Waste (CDW) Recycling
In Tokyo Metropolitan Government

Regional Coordination Section
Urban Development Policy Division
Bureau of Urban Development
Tokyo Metropolitan Government【System of construction recycling promotion planetc. of Tokyo Metropolitan Government】】
Construction recycling Plan

Construction recycling Guidelines〃（Island area version）

Construction recycling Guidelines(Private business version）

Construction mud recycling guidelines

Procurement policy for environmental goods etc.
〃
（Island area version）

Guidelines, design, integration and construction standards,
specifications · design unit price etc.
-7-

Tokyo Metropolitan Government
Construction recycling Plan
Establish nine strategies focused on ensuring the effectiveness ofconstruction resource circulation
Strategy 1 Utilize concrete waste and other
Strategy 2 Utilize woods waste
Strategy 3 Utilize construction mud
Strategy 4 Utilize construction soil(excavated soil)
Strategy 5 Utilize waste for construction materials
Strategy 6 Carry out green procurement in construction work
Strategy 7 Long-term use of buildings etc.
Strategy 8 Build a foundation to support the strategy
Strategy 9 Promote construction recycling in the island area

Tokyo Metropolitan Government
Construction recycling Guideline
Purpose In order to steadily promote the strategy of promotion plan, we

set necessary matters concerning the implementation of various
measures concerning construction resource recycling

Scope of application
 Tokyo Metropolitan governments, supervision organizations,

reporting organizations and wards, municipal orders, private works

Point- Creation of Recycling Plan
- Recycling of construction and Demolition Waste- (excavated soil, concrete waste, etc.)- Green procurement in construction work
-8-

Reuse Flow of Excavated Soil
Utilization in public works in Tokyo

Utilization outside the Tokyo metropolitan area

Centralized management of Excavated Soil information(Bureau of Urban Development)

Construction
Officer≪Forecast of the amount of soil
generated≫
generated≫
・Input of the next year quantity in the second halfof the previous fiscal year, adjustment of theorganization utilizing soil generated≪Usage between construction sites≫
sites≫
Tokyo Metropolitan Government
Excavated Soil information System③

・Search for construction works that can be used
between constructions using information system
based on registration information≪Adjustment for designated utilization
organization of Excavated soil≫
soil≫・Adjust the registered data with the organization
utilizing soil generated, determine the availability
Generation of
Excavated Soil①

【Designated utilization organization of
Excavated soil 】②①Tokyo Metropolitan Construction Waste Soil③

（Excavated Soil） Recycling Center（Ariake district, Oume district, Akishima district)②Tokyo Harbor Pier Co., Ltd.

Usage between
construction sites（New ocean Disposal Site）（Disposal site inside the central breakwater）③Utilization of Construction Resource Center
Co., Ltd (UCR)（23 Used site of Excavated Soil）④Excavated Soil improvement plant located at
Nakagawa district（Only for Sewerage Bureau）

Tokyo Metropolitan Government Excavated Soil information System

https://www.hasseidojp/（ Only Japanese ）-9-Recycling recycled aggregate made from concrete waste
Use as recycled crusher-run
It is important toexpand the applicationof recycled crusherrun

Use in road construction

Recycling facility(crushing facility)

Concrete waste
Construction site

90% or more

Use outside road
construction

Use as concrete aggregate
Building
Demolition work
Concrete waste must
be recycled

Concrete
facility

Use for concrete
structures

Recycled aggregate facility

Article18 of the Construction
Materia(lRecycling Act)

It is important to improve
the ratio of extracting
aggregate from concretewaste

Recycledaggregate H,M,L

Cases using recycled aggregate concrete
Building construction work

River construction work

Port construction work

-10-

Trend of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Recent situation of related standards－ March, 28,2016 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport(MLIT)“Quality standards by application for recycling of concrete ｗａｓｔｅ”> Recycled aggregate concrete M can be used as a structure of muscle concrete.

－ Jun,2016 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport(MLIT)“Revised Building Standards Law Notice”> The JIS standard conforming to Building Standards Law was changed from 2003 version to 2014 version.
> It became unnecessary to acquire certification by the minister when using ready mixed concrete using
recycled aggregate H as a structural material.

JIS Standard－ JIS A 5021(March,2005):recycled aggregate H for concrete－ JIS A 5022(March,2006):recycled aggregate M for concrete－ JIS A 5023(March,2007):recycled aggregate L for concreteTokyo Metropolitan Government－ Certification system for quality standards of recycled crusher-run(Fiscal Year 2017)> Tokyo Metropolitan Government (Environment Bureau) certifies the quality criteria of recycled crushed-run
determined by private organizations.
> We also certify manufacturing facilities that meet the certification criteria.

－ Usage of recycled crusher-run> We are promoting the use of recycled crusher-run as roadbed material, infiltration trench material, gravelcompaction material, backing material for retaining walls.

-11-

-12-

JIS overview of recycled aggregate for concrete
Water
Coarseabsorption ofFine
aggregate
Main applications

JIS Standard

Established dateof standard
Purpose of JIS
standard

Recycled aggregate
for concrete-Class H
3% or less

Recycled aggregate
concrete-Class M
5% or less

Recycled aggregate
concrete-Class L
7% or less

3.6% or less
There is no particular
limitation, general
purpose concrete

7% or lessConcrete for piles,
foundation beams,
steel pip filling

13% or lessConcrete not requiringhigh strength anddurability such asleveling concrete

JIS A 5021:2018

JIS A 5022:2018

JIS A 5023:2018

Recycled aggregate
for concrete-Class H

Recycled aggregate
concrete-Class M

Recycled aggregate
concrete-Class L

March 20,2005

March 20,2007

March 20,2006

Standard for recycled
aggregate used for
concrete for general
use which improved
quality as aggregate
by advanced treatment
such as crushing andabrasion of concretewasteStandard for recycled
aggregate produced by
a comparatively
simple method such as
crushing and abrasionof concrete waste forconcrete which ishardly affected bydrying shrinkage andfreezing and thawing

Standard for recycled
aggregate of relatively
low strength concrete
using recycled
aggregate produced bycrushing concrete
waste

-13-

-14-

Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation
Location
Position:
Name/Surname

Affairs Council of Recycled-Aggregate Concrete(ACRAC)
201B,4-1-1 Nishi Azabu Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0031
ACRAC Executive Director
EIGO IDE

e-mailinfo@acrac.org

Title

ACRAC Quality audit system(Quality audit system on recycled aggregate for concrete)
Prevention
Re-useTheme
classification〇

Technology
development stage〇

RecycleReduce Co2
LegacyBusiness to overseas
Etc.
Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use after 2020

Specific content

This audit system for ACRAC members is a system to objectively
audit the quality of recycled aggregate for concrete from 2013.
The "Recycled Aggregate Concrete Committee" to conduct the final
judgment consists of six members, chaired by academics and experts(civil engineering and construction), administrative officials, research
institutions, users, related people and five members of the ACRAC Quality
Audit Committee.
At ACRAC, due to the audit by the Audit Committee and the approval of
the Recycled Aggregate Concrete Committee, we have issued an approval
letter for the use of the appropriate mark to manufacturing plants that
conform to the quality audit system.
At ACRAC, nine manufacturing plants nationwide are currently certified
as conforming factories.

appropriate markAppeal point

As the quality audit system on recycled aggregate for concrete using
concrete waste as the raw material, it is the first in Japan.

-15-

Affairs Council of Recycled-Aggregate Concrete (ACRAC)
Quality audit system(Quality audit system on recycled aggregate for concrete)

1. Outline of the quality audit systemTargets are ACRAC member companies.



The auditors designated by the “Quality Audit Committee” comprising representatives of
ACRAC member companies.
(The chairman selects the auditors from the concrete engineers, chief engineers, and those withequivalent or higher qualification.) Audit to be executed by a pair of two auditors


Quality audit is to be executed according to the ACRAC Quality Audit Standard.

The audit results are summarized in the “Quality Audit Report” and determined tobe acceptable if justified by discussions in the “Quality Audit Committee” thatcomprises the people of experience or academic understanding, persons
concerned with administration, persons concerned with users, and the chairman
and members selected by the ACRAC working group.

-16-2. Quality Audit Standard
The quality audit standard is classified into “General Requirements,” “Particular Requirements,”“Field Inspection (Product Sampling Inspection).”Classification

Items

Contents

A. General requirements(1) Quality assurance(2) Compliance of eco-friendly goods andservices procurement(3) Reduction of environmental impact(4) Securing of technical capacity(5) Training(6) Handling of non-compliance(7) Environmental protection
1.Product management standard(1) Clarification of product quality(1) Original concrete

2. Manufacturing management(2) Manufacturing method
standard(3) Manufacturing process quality
B. Particular requirements(1) Manufacturing equipment management
3. Equipment management standard(2) Inspection equipment management
4. Outsourcing management(1) Outsourcing management

standard(1) Density(2) Percentage of absorption
C. Field inspection

Product inspection(3) Content of materials finer than 75µm
sieve

-17-

Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation
Location
Position:
Name/Surname

Kinki Regional Construction & Demolition Waste measure liaisoncouncil(Secretariat; MLIT Kinki Regional Development Bureau)
1-5-44 ootemae chuuou-ku, OOSAKA, JAPAN 540-8586
Technical Research section , Planning Divisione-mailTitle“Kinki Construction Recycling Award”(Award system for CDW recycling promotion activities in Kinki region)

Prevention
Re-useTheme
classification

Technology
development stage
Specific content〇〇

RecycleReduce Co2;
LegacyBusiness to overseas
Etc.
Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use after 2020

< Organizer>- Kinki Regional Construction & Demolition Waste measure liaisoncouncil(Secretariat; MLIT Kinki Regional Development Bureau)< Established Date>-FY 2010< Purpose>- By honoring to promote construction & Demolition Waste(CDW)
recycling, we will enrich 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) initiatives andexpand the circle of action towards the establishment of a " Sound
Material-Cycle Society " in which recyclable resources are appropriately
and effectively used and disposed.

< Object>- Individuals, organizations, or business operators who are voluntarily
and proactively promoting CDW recycling in the Kinki region< Type / Category>- Selected "Chairperson's Award" and "Encouragement Award" foreach of three categories, "Reduction / Restraint of Emission", "Reuse /Recycle Department" and "Recycling Department"< Review method >- “CDW Recycling Award Review Committee" established at the Kinki
Regional Construction & Demolition Waste measure liaison council
judged based on the "examination criteria"< Awards record: number >
FY
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017

Appeal point

Chairperson's Award

Encouragement Award

２
３
３
４
３
２
３
３

５
６
４
３
６
２
５
６

Total
７
９
７
７
９
４
８
９

- Award system limited to CDW recycling(The only award system in Japan)- "R & D, educational awareness activities, etc." are also awarded in addition topractical work related to CDW recycling (construction, CDW treatment, etc.)-The winners have points of addition (1 points of chairman's award, 0.5 pointsof encouragement award) in the comprehensive evaluation bidding method forthe order construction works of the Kinki Regional Bureau.

-18-

“Kinki Construction Recycling Award”(Award system for CDW recycling promotion activities in Kinki region)< Type / Category>
The winners are selected by the judging committee for each of the following awards categories
among the candidates recommended by the recommendation organization※※Constituent body of the Kinki Regional Construction & Demolition Waste(CDW) measureliaison council。
Prefectural Industrial Waste Association
Prefectural Demolition Business Association
Architectural Institute of Japan Kinki branch(1) Chairperson's Award(2) Encouragement Award(The object of the award is as follows)
Department name
Target activity etc.
Waste Prevention(General)-Efforts to waste prevention and enlightenment activities-R & D and Educational ,enlightenment activities on waste prevention

Reuse/Usage
recycled
construction
materials

Recyclingof(Construction work)-Efforts to waste prevention and enlightenment activities at construction sites-Efforts to site separation and enlightenment activities at demolition
construction site
General)- Efforts to Reuse/Usage of recycled construction materials and enlightenment
activities- R & D and Educational ,enlightenment activities on Reuse/Usage of recycledconstruction materials and enlightenment activities(Construction work)- Efforts to Reuse/Usage of recycled construction materials and enlightenment
activities at construction site
- Recycling of CDW at recycling facilities- R & D and Educational ,enlightenment activities on CDW Recycling-19-

< Examination criteria>
The organizer will evaluate the following items for individuals, organizations, business
operators, etc. who have made remarkable CDW recycling promotion achievements inactivities
Evaluation items
Improve recycling rate
/ Waste Prevention

Duration of activity
Effect of activity

Improve the quality ofrecycling

Regionality
Frequency
Originality / Initiative
Effect of activities spread
OthersSpecific evaluation items
Evaluate the continuity of the same
initiative
Evaluate the recycling rate and effect(waste prevention, resource saving,energyconservation,
environmental
conservation)
Evaluate activities based on thecharacteristics of the Kinki region
Evaluate the frequency of activities
Evaluate the originality of activities(Including technology development)
Evaluate the effect of other companies'
activities
Evaluate the characteristics of active
organizations etc.

※Examples of activities not to be evaluated- Activities by technology already popularized in the Kinki region and adopted as a standard
construction method- Activities relating to environmental and quality control standards (,ISO,eco-action21 etc.)
which are already popular- Activities not contributing to 3R- Activities that can not confirm the effect of activities by numerical values or materials
If the following facts are found after the award, the organizer shall be able to cancel the award-In cases where the activity causes socially significant damage due to illegal acts etc.
-In cases where the activity falls into a matter that does not significantly match the purpose of thisaward system-20-

Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation

RYOMA KITAGAKI,
The Associated General Contractors of Tokyo
Association of Building Demolition Contractors of Tokyo
Tokyo Industrial Waste Association

Location

Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, JAPAN

Position:

Associate Professor,
Faculty of Engineering, Division of Human Environmental Systems,
Building Engineering Laboratory, Hokkaido University (RYOMAKITAGAKI)

Name/Surname

RYOMA KITAGAKI
ryoma@eng.hokudai.ac.jp

e-mailTitle
Themeclassification

New quality management codes for low quality recycled
aggregate named "Tokyo brand ‘Cool eco-Stone’", extending
applicability for several soil/ground materials.
Prevention
Re-use〇Technology
development stage〇

RecycleReduce Co2
LegacyBusiness to overseas
Etc.
Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use after 2020

Specific content-This code is a quality standard of recycled aggregate established by thecooperative committee among industries, local governments andacademia for branding recycled aggregates which have much attachedmortar.
This quality standard aims to be widely used not only for roadbed
materials but also general geomaterials(ground materials).
.
-The characteristics of this code is to design the grades of concrete wastes
for applying embarkment, pervious foundations, and drainage systems
as well as conventional road base/subbase. As a result, the quality ofconcrete wastes become improved and connect into manufacturing highquality recycled materials applied to several soil structure.
Appeal point-this quality standard designed comprehensively for recycledgeomaterials(ground materials) made from concrete waste isunprecedented worldwide.
-Tokyo Metropolitan Government has also publicly certified this private
quality standard, and its recognition as a brand is increasing.
-Through creating a quality standard for recycled materials andestablishing the goal of setting up as a brand, we are proud that many
people have involved to improve the image of recycled materials and thecomprehensive framework has been created to contribute to promoting
recycling.

-21-

New quality management codes for low quality recycled aggregate named"Tokyo brand ‘Cool eco-Stone’", extending applicability for several
soil/ground materials.
1. Quality Management process for low quality recycled aggregate extending applicability to
several soil/ground materials.
Tokyo brand “Cool eco-Stone”, new codes for low quality recycled aggregate is assumed to be
designed for extending applicability to several types of geomaterials as well as recycled crusher-run forroad base/subbase. Specifically, Tokyo brand “Cool eco-stone” is considered to satisfy the following two
requirements:① Sufficient mechanical performances required for geomaterial, such as embarkment, pervious
foundations, and drainage systems② Extreme low concentration of any harmful components such as chromium hexavalent, which
may cause critical adverse environmental changes in the ground.
In order to satisfy these requirements of “Tokyo brand ‘Cool eco-stone’’’, the special committee
consisting of all stakeholders, such as related industries, local governments and academia, establishedthe codes for quality management system in close cooperation.
According to these codes, the comprehensive quality management system covering from concrete
wastes generated in demolition sites to recycled aggregate applied in construction sites are standardized
accurately. These codes include the rating system of quality of concrete wastes qualifying into A, B, and
C. In consequence, the rating system succeeds the improvement of the quality of recycle aggregate,
because the cost for controlling quality of recycled aggregates would be decreased and the quality
consistency in manufacturing recycled aggregate would be improved with low cost. It is a simple but aninnovative system to progress recycling concrete wastes.

2. Performance of recycled aggregate applying as ground materials
Table 1 shows the standard (draft) for recycled aggregate named Tokyo brand “Cool eco-stone”.
This standard (draft) requires that recycled aggregate applying in ground proves environmental safety incompliance with the standard value of “Soil Contamination Countermeasures Act” based on the result ofleaching test (JIS K 0058-1) in the “as-is” use form and the results of contents test (JIS K 00580-2) , so
as that surrounding soil and groundwater might sustain environmental safety for a long time.
Additionally, the codes require to disclose several values for contributing to awareness of the quality
and recasting public images of recycled aggregates.

-22-

Table-1 standards (draft) of recycled aggregate for applying as geomaterials
Names of recycled Conventional
aggregatesrecycled
crusher-run

RC-40
For roadbed

RS-40
RC-40
RC-40
gravel For back-filling
For infiltration For
trenchcompaction

Construction
Roadbedmethod applying construction
each product

Roadbedconstruction

Permeability
methodFoundation
improvement
work

Earthwork

Roadbedmaterial

Infiltration
trench material

Gravelcompaction

Backfillingmaterial

Standardsof Roadbedof test methods Function
for each item
recycled aggregate material

Items forquality management

Regulations
on harmful component content

Heavy
metal JIS0058-1 or JIS0058-2
elution/ content－

Based on the following two test results
1. To satisfy the dissolution amount criteria (Type 2 Specified
Hazardous Substance) of Soil Contamination Countermeasures Act
by dissolution test(JISK0058-1) on appearance sample
2. To satisfy the content criteria (Type 2 Specified Hazardous
Substance) of Soil Contamination Countermeasures Act in content
test(JISK0058-2) of crushed sample

Chloride
content

JISA5023A4.7－

0.04wt%Ph

JGS0211－Disclose data

Electricalconductivity

JGS0212－

200mS/m or lessIgnition loss

JISA1226－

10% or lessAsbestos
content

JISA1481-1－

Do not detect

Impurity
contamination
rate

JISA5023A4.2

To satisfy the civil engineering material specification(edited by Construction Bureau ,Tokyo Metropolitan Government)Grainsize JISA1102
distribution－

To satisfy the civil engineering material specification(edited by Construction Bureau ,Tokyo Metropolitan Government)

Solidvolume JISA1104
percentage－

Disclose data

65%or lessDisclose dataFine
fraction JISA1223 or JISA1103
content－

less than 10%

2% or lessless than 10%

Water
absorption

JISA1110－

8.65% or less

7% or less

9.1% or less

8.65% or lessDensityabsolutely
condition

in JISA1110
dry－

2.05g/cm3 or
more

2.1g/cm3 or
more

2.03g/cm3 or
more

2.05g/cm3
Or moreDensitysaturatedsurface-dry
condition

in JISA1110

Mass ofvolumeunit JISA1104

Percentage
wear

of JISA1121－

Disclose data－

Disclose data
40% or less

Regulations on physical mechanics characteristics

Plasticity index JISA1205

6% or less-

6% or less－Disclose data

Plastic limit

JISA1205－

Disclose data

Liquid limit

JISA1205－

Disclose data

Cone index

JISA1228－

Maximum
density

dry JISA1210－

Disclose data

Optimummoisturecontent

JISA1210－

Disclose data

Modified CBR

JISA1211

40% or more－

Disclose data－

400KN/m3 or more

Disclose data

40% or more

Expansion ratio JISA1211－

3% or less

Methodof JGS0051
classification of
Geomaterials
for engineering－

Disclose data

Internal friction JGS0524
angle

－

Cohesion

JGS0524－

Slaking rate

NEXCO testing method110－

Disclose data

1% or lessHydraulicconductivity

JISA1218－

Disclose data

1x10-4 m/sec-23-

Disclose data

35degree or more
Disclose data

Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation
Location
Position:
Name/Surname
e-mailTitle

HAZAMA ANDO CORPORATION
6-1-20, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-8658, Japan
Manager, Technical Planning Department, Technical Division
HIROYUKI AKITA
akita.hiroyuki@ad-hzm.co.jp
Effective utilization technology of fly ash and coal ash
Prevention
Re-useTheme
classification〇

Technology
development stage〇

RecycleReduce Co2
LegacyBusiness to overseas
Etc.
Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use after 2020

Specific content(1) Technology to harden coal ash
As a technology that can effectively utilize coal ash powderdischarged from a coal-fired power plant in large quantities,
we developed an “ash- crete” having a formulation that minimizes
unit water content without using aggregate.
The points of “ash- crete”technology are as follows① Efficiently express strength by compounding design with optimal
water content ratio as an indicator② “ash- crete” is manufactured using “superfluid construction
method” developed by our company. The“superfluid construction
method” is a unique construction method which compacts and mixes
powder mixed with very little amount of water by strong vibration③ For coal ash with large quality fluctuation, it is possible to quickly
select blending by simple flow test.

(2) Type of “ash- crete”① “ash- crete”
For manufacturing block of artificial seabed mountains② “ash- crete” TypeⅡ （ AC-Ⅱ ）For embankment / roadbed material of residential land
construction work, coast maintenance work etc.
③ “ash- crete” TypeS（ AC-S）
For general embankment materials
Appeal point- we have made effective use of over 1 million tons of coal ash, d ue
to the development of “ ash- crete” technology using coal ash powder.
We will continue to actively make effective use of fly ash and coalash and contribute to the reduction of co-fired by-products.

-24-Effective utilization technology of fly ash and coal ash“ ash- c rete” TypeS（ AC -S ）High-quality safe hardened body, “As h-crete,” whose
chief material is large amount of coal as h, “fly as h,”
generated from coal-fired power plants, is applicable
to mos t of marine block s tructures, s uch as artificial
submarine mountains , seaweed bed blocks , artificial
fish res ts , etc.
Ash-crete Type S is a product for construction ofembankment, which has been produced by utilizing
the manufacturing technology of this hardened body.
Its vers atility has been enhanced through crushing toenable its handling in a manner s imilar to the case ofordinary embankment materials.
“S” of AC-S stands for the followings :Shinchi (town),
Soma (City), andSafety.
Namely, this “S” indicates the key factor of development, that is, contribution through local
cons umption of locally produced coal as hes from the Shinchi Power Plant of Soma Kyodo Power
Company, and the wis h for early recons truction of quake-damaged areas.

【 Usage and features of AC-S 】
Usage; Embankment, Underground Roadbed
Weight; 20% lighter than general embankments
Safety; Clear s oil environmental s tandard
Strengt h ; Co mpress ive s trengt h 10 to 15N/mm2
grain size ; 200 mm or less , Adjustable-25-

【 Manufacturing process】】

Pr oduction of cur ed body

Pri mary crus hi ng

Secondar y cr ushi ng

Product shipment【 Construction example】】
AC-S has been employed for rehabilitation of the prefectural road, Soma Watari Route. With the
supply s tarted in J uly 2015, about 36,000 m3 of AC-S s upply is scheduled by March 2016.
Coal as hes , the effective res ources of the location of the coal-fired power plant, will be further
recycled in the future in the form of AC-S, thereby preventing nature destruction due toquarrying of natural embankment materials and contributing to the s urrounding regions.

-26-

Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation
Location
Position:
Name/Surname
e-mailTitle

KAMEI SEITO Co.Ltd.
1258 Kasahara-cho Tajimi-shi Gifu, Japan
President
Hiroaki Kamei
h-kamei@eco-angels.com
Non-fired eco bricks
Prevention
Re-useTheme
classification〇

Technology
development stage〇

RecycleReduce Co2
LegacyBusiness to overseas
Etc.
Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use after 2020

Specific content- Non-fired eco bricks are utilized, Sewer sludge, burned ash, coal ash,ceramics abolishedsoil [ Kira ], molten slag, glass waste and manyotherunused resources and are regenerated to form a revolutionary brickstyle block, without baking, using our special slodificaton technology(Patentprocess).

Appeal point- Non-fired eco bricks has a texture of pottery and abundant color, yet it isnon-baked, realizing low price and good workability.
- In addition, it meets strict criteria for safety such as strength slip resistance,
elution of harmful substances and can be used with confidence.
- A newly developed Eco brick, friendly to the earth, which does not burn fossil
fuels that cause global warming at least 80% of the recycled material ratio,
Non-fired eco bricks is a product born of the demands of the era.

-27-

We reuse every by-product as raw materials and ecreate
theminto superior scene materials and functioning
materials, this is our contribution to society.
We always strive to acheive the next step in keeping
the enviroment "as it is" for the future.

Eco Products for Landscape and Garden

Earthen Techno

KAMEI SEITO Co.Ltd.
www.eco-angels.com-28-

"E" is a keyword in the recycling society"E's" motto is, "To produce a product Desirable For everyone;customers, manufacturers, discharge producers and the Earth.
Earth, Ecology, Environment, Education, Energy, Economy etc. - inthe recycling society, where Natureand humans coexist, thekeywords start with "E".
Across the field and in various situations, places and scenes, it is"E's" idea to build a network which links these "E's" organically, and to aim for arecycling
society.
"E's" philosophy is to cherish to produce the product comfortably, not only for the sake ofthe development of the company, but also for the population and the Earth.

The commitment of using the Non-Firing Solidification Technology
無焼成・無排水・無廃棄We have special patent technology called "the Non-Firing Solidification Technology".
This is a reclaiming technology, using various kinds of waste, to produce clean bricks androadbed materials without baking. This is a low environmental impact recycling technology,
that is carried out in seven plants within Japan.
On the other hand, in other Asian regions - China and India in particular, large economic
growth is occurring, which is producing mass quantities of air pollution and waste that isdifficult to manage.
The brick production volume in these areas constitutes approximately 80% of the world's
total volume. Brick production creates large amounts of CO2 waste, which is a significant
factor in global warming, barren land issues and desertification.
The Non-Firing Solidification technology for producing bricks is an ideal form of recycling with regards to resource protection, waste becomes the raw material of the brick, and tocontribute towards the prevention of global warming, the product is not baked.
Now, we wrestle with many national businesses and are aiming to take "E" to "Global E".
-29-

Company profile

Earthen Techno (地球技術)

亀井製陶株式会社

Company name

Kamei Seito Co.,Ltd

Mission「無焼成固化」技術で地球環境保全に貢献します。

Address1258 Kasahara-cho Tajimi-shi Gifu, Japan
TEL0081-572-43-3511 FAX0081-572-43-6815

Established1/1/1966

Capital40,000,000yen

Business contentsProduction and wholesale of "Earthen Bricks"Collection of industrial waste transportation / intermediate
processing(Recycling)

import and sale building stones, Sue board, gardening
materials and others

Global development of the non-firing solidification technology

Employees

5

Bank

Japan Finance Corporation for Small and Medium Enterprise /Tono Shinkin Bank / Ogaki Kyoritsu Bank / The Bank ofTokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ,Ltd. / 16 Bank and Others

President

Hiroaki Kamei

Collaborative
relationship・Tokyo Electric Power Company ・Marubeni Corpration
・Takahama Industry Co., Ltd. ・Nagoya Institute of Technology
・Alced Co.

・Tepia Co.

-30-

・Eco Business Network and Others

Although they are non-fired, they are very safe, high quality and low
price.

Sewer sludge, burned ash, coal ash, ceramics abolishedsoil [ Kira ], molten slag, glass waste and many otherunused resources are utilized, and are regenerated toform a revolutionary brick style block, without baking,using our special slodificaton technology (Patent
process).
We feel it is important to create materials of soft disposition, that feel like ceramics,
which gives warmth and serenity to the cityscape.

Feature◆ resource conservation

80% of the raw materials are made up from several
kinds of by-products from other industries, which
result in absolute zero emissions. It is possible toproduce strong, stable, durable bricks of long term
quality by utilizing the best mix of raw materials
with their own individual qualities.

Gifu-ken waste recycling
recognition product◆ Circulation type

We reuse the inferior goods which come out of the
manufacturing process as raw materials, and also,
because of the non-firing technology, no CO2 orfactory draining watse is created. Furthermore, theproducts can be reclaimed as many times as
possible after use.

Eco mark executive officerecognition, environmental
preservation commodity◆ Energy conservation

Scrap materials without pretreatment can be used for raw materials, even without-31-

firing. Due to the fact that the fossil fuel is not burnt, excessive processes are
excluded, so the production is energy-saving and cost-saving.
◆ Safety

From the acceptance stage of the raw materials, of course to the finished product,
the process conforms to strict physical properties standards and environmental
standards. Furthermore, we execute the original released metal content test with
Ph3, which is above and beyond the safety satndards.
◆ Scenery characteristics

The product looks a little like antique bricks, due to the ceramic kneading
technology that is applied, and they will continue to mature attractively over the
coming years of use.
◆ Consideration type

It is suitable for non slippy, comfortable, barrier free sidewalks. Furthermore, inorder to produce good effects on vegetation and the living environment, special EM
ceramics have been added to the raw materials.

Specification

Form

Use quantity(bricks/m2)

50 bricks/m2 (100x200)

100 bricks/m2 (100x100)

Pallet loadage(bricks)

600 bricks/pt.

1200 bricks/pt.

Scratch(100x200) 2.3kg/brick

Scratch(100x100) 1.1kg/brick

Scratch Cobolu

Scratch Cobolu

Weight(100x200 with round corner) (100x100 with round coerner)
2.2kg/brick
1.0kg/brickWe also produce different types of 50mm thick, without the lip.

-32-

Standard operation cross section diagram

Safety data
Itemresultmetrical method

Released metal content test

conformity 18th environmental economical notification

Content test

conformity 19th environmental economical notification

Physical properties data
Itemphysicalproperties

standard levelexamination method

Flexural strength (Mpa)

8.2

5.0 or more

The interlocking blockassociation method

Compressive strength(N/mm2)62.0

32 or more

Basis of JIS R 1250

Resistance abrasiveness (g)0.098

Damp slide value ofresistance (BPN)

76.3

Standard of JIS A 5209
40 or more

ASTM E-303

Frost damage resistancecharacteristic

No abnormality

Coefficient of permeability(permeability type)3.732*102cm/se 1*102cm/sec orBasis of JIS A 1218
c
more

-33-

Basis of JIS A 5209

The non-fired eco bricks which are produced from industrial waste
Our non-fired eco brick is produced by materials made from industrial waste. To
regenerate various kinds of industrial waste to a brick-like block by "non-firing", "nodisposal", "no drainage" production, which are the low-environmental-load, recycled
bricks.

Materials for non-fired eco bricks◆ City rubbish melted slug (general waste incineration melted slug)

Incinerates general home "burned rubbish" to stabilize (shut in) the harmful matter,
which is melted at high temperature (melting) to vitrified slug (sandly).
◆ Sewer sludge ash (feces, urine and other careless drainage waste ash)
There are two types of sewage which are the branch system and the confluence system.

The branch system is the waste water, feces and urine from homes, and the confluencesystem is when the branch system waste and the rainwater that fell in the urban
district flow together. The sludge ash is the sludge, after microbe processing, andincinerated to reduce capacity to minute powdered ash.
◆ Waterworks sludge

beverage service water purification remaining earth◆ Coal ash < fly ash: FA>

coal thermal power burned ash◆ Glass cullet (pulverized glass, such as glass packing container)

Among the glass bottles which are disposed of, mainly from general homes, is glass
which cannot be recycled < shattered bottles of import wine and bottles of cosmetics,
are examples > these are ground into sand condsistency (the cullet).
◆ Paper sludge ash <PS ash > (waste paper, recycling by-product ash)During the processing of waste paper to make the recycled paper, the old ink and clay
-34-

which is contained in the paper, is discharged as sludge. After chemical treatment, thecapacity is decreased by incineration to minute powdered ash.

◆ Minute silica sand < [kira] > (glass ceramics raw materials extraction processby-product )The powdered sand which remains after extracting, from the minerals, the silica sandwhich become the raw material of glass and clay which make ceramics ( the mountainsoil which becomes the raw materials)◆ Quarrying waste soil (remaining soil after extraction of gravel)

It is discharged in the extraction of mountain gravel and mountain sand. There are
two manufacturing methods that discharge them, which are the wet process and the
dry process. The wet process is the main discharger of waste.The the gravel and sandis washed and put through the filter press (the dehydrator) to eliminate clay sludge.
(The stone dust which is discharged during the dry process can also be used)◆ Cupola slug (metal industrial waste)This is the slug which is discharged from automobil parts factories. The slug isdischarged by using the blast furnace, which is called the cupola, to discharge the pig
iron (dissolved iron), which is melted with high temperatures to a mud condition thatis removed directly in water, becoming sand condition.
◆ Foundry sand or Cast-metal sand(metal industrial waste)This is the fine sand which is used in order to form cast-metal.
◆ Dam, lake and pond bottom mud (accumulation sludge)

This is the sludge which has sunk to the bottom of dams, lakes and ponds, containing
the organic matter. Its state varies, depending on the surrounding environment.
◆ Waste gypsum (pulverized gypsum board)This is formed when gypsum board from constructive scrap is pulverized to white
powder, to remove paper and rubber, etc and extract gypsum.
◆ Housemanufacturer externalpulverization or sludge)

wallmaterial

rubbish(cement

typeThis is the waste produced when major residential manufacturers pulverize theexternal wall and edge materials from the demolition of the original residence, inorder reuse materials of cement type etc.
◆ Bentonite mud (civil engineering works scrap material)-35-

This is the used mud of sealed construction and post construction bentonite (clay).

◆ Volcanic ash

volcanic ash such as Mt. Usu and Fugen peak
◆ Used pearlite

Incinerating pearlite, which is used as an absorbant, converts it to inorganic andmakes it minute powder.
◆ The slaked lime sludge

The slaked lime sludge which occurs at the time of carbide production.
◆ Rock wool (silica calcium) waste

The waste of rock wool heat insulator used in furnace walls◆ Plastic waste, FRP pulverization◆ Construction site outbreak remaining soil

The remaining soil which occurs during construction works and civil engineeringworks◆ Others

In addition, cinder, burning shell,inorganic characteristic sludge, dust, ore occasion,
glass ceramic ware rubbish, plastic waste-36-Our products can be purchased in Eco-Angels stores. In addition, please do nothesitate to contact us if you have any further questions.

Original Products
Garden bricks
Sewer grime destruction by fire ash, coal ash, ceramics abolishedsoil " Kira ", molten slag, glass waste and many other unused
resources are utilized, and are regenerated to form arevolutionary brick style block, without baking, using our special
slodificaton technology (Patent process).

Washed gravel, makeup gravel, paving gravel
Ceramic raw matrials are a by-product of washed gravel, makeup
gravel and paving gravel which are necessities in gardening
products in order to enjoy a variety of colors and to strengthen
the groundwork of garden soil.

Weed prevention products / The prevention of weeds
Are you having a problem with weeds that grow with out
limitation? The simple execution of "Grass Feud" can confine
weeds with a compressed strength of more than 12N/mm2, while
there is permeability.

-37-

Imported products
Flat board / Sue board
These are gardening quotient materials that can be easily used tothe accent the garden, the driveway, or the entrance. Please
coordinate color and design preference to an image of the garden.

The garden paving stone
The building stone series of granite (domestic production) comesin a variety of sizes and two basic colors - white and rust. They
are of superior durability and create a grand atmosphere.

Gardening exterior
The gardening exterior plays an active part in the finishing
touches and accent of the garden. There are numerous exterior
goods which would fit for the entrance, driveway, garden andothers.

Buffer stop/ Bumper/ (Parking block)
The parking block is used widely in parking lots in public spaces,such as parks and hospitals. They are sturdy and dur
able and installation is simple-38-

Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation
Location
Position:
Name/Surname
e-mail

Title

Theme
classification

SHIMIZU CORPORATION
2-16-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8370
Tokyo Branch Building 1st Section Tokyo Big Site Eastern Temporary
Exhibition Hall Construction Project Director
ETSUMASA YAMADA
essay.yamada@shimz.co.jp
Construction project of temporary exhibition hall on the easternside of Tokyo Big Site
~ Construction project of 100% recycling exhibition hall that canbe easily removed ~〇 Prevention
Re-useRecycleReduce Co2
LegacyBusiness to overseas

Technology
development stage〇

Etc.
Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use after 2020

Specific content-This project is an Olympic-Paralympic-related facility. And it was orderedwith the design build method of design and construction bulk order
including technical proposal considering to be removed and used for about
10 years after construction- We also built eco-friendly buildings that can be recycled, minimizing
environmental impacts in new construction work and future demolition
work.
- At this site, we adopted a pile head ring socket (developed by ourcompany) which eliminated the underground beam for all foundations- We are also assuming that steel pipe piles will be drawn and reused in the
future.
The upper structure adopts a pure steel structure, double folded roof andouter wall ALC, both of which can be recycled.
Appeal point- Efforts to 3R ,especially waste prevention of large-scale buildings fromthe planning stage are the first in Japan.
- Construction production activities are multi-varieties and one productproduction, there is not the same building as one, the production place alsochanges every time, the lifetime visits someday in any building someday, itsrole ends- As in the construction work of this case, there are rare cases where 3Rs
could be promoted from design to construction to removal of dismantling.
I hope that by transmitting this content, such efforts will increase-39-

Project for Construction of a Temporary Exhibition Hall on the East Side of Tokyo Big Site
Construction of an exhibition hall, which is constructed totally from recycled materials and can bereadily removed

1. Introduction
As the existing exhibition hall at Tokyo Big Site cannot be used for about ten years because of large-scale
rehabilitation work, a temporary exhibition hall was planned to enable various events to be held continuously.

Photo 1 whole exhibition hall
The design and build contract was used for this project which orders design and construction as a package. As
a result of comprehensive evaluation, we were awarded the project.
In our technical proposal, we proposed construction of Eco Building, which would use recycled materials athigh ratio and would be environmentally friendly because this building would be removed after use for about
10 years.

-40-

2. Outline of the Building
Location
Lot area
Total floor area
Scale
Building height
Application
Structure
Construction
periodNewly established
East temporary exhibition hall

Within the lot of Tokyo Big Site, 3-10-1
Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo
124,186.54m2
19,905.m2
Two stories above ground16.44mExhibition hall
Steel frame structure
November 2015 to October 2016

Existing
East temporary exhibition hall

Photo 2 Exhibition HalllPhoto 3 inside the exhibition hall

3. Employment of a steel-pipe piles rotary jacking method, which ensures easy removal (design stage)
A steel-pipe pile rotary jacking method is to jack steel-pipe piles while rotating them. As shown in Figure 1, a
circular blade is installed at the front end of steel-pipe pile, and both the pile and blade rotate to cut into theground.

Fig.1 Tip of steel pipe pile-41-

For removal,
the pile is turned in an opposite direction
to facilitate easy withdrawal. (Figure 2)

Figure 2

Structure of pile removalThis is an environmentally-friendly methodwith the minimum noise and vibration,
which does not generate any sludge.
In addition,
steel-pipe piles that are used can be totally reused
and recycled after removal.
Since the pile jacking depth to the pile bearing stratumis 70 m underground.
Namely this work method involves extreme difficulty
because pile off-center must be prevented positively
to secure the quality.
Photo -4 Steel pipe pile construction situation
4. Employment of a pile-head ring socket method that does not
require underground suppor(design stage)
A pile-head ring socket method is our unique patented method, inwhich steel-pipe piles and steel column legs are formed into asolid system by surrounding them with outer steel pipes and filling
the gap with concrete. Figure 3 shows a sectional view of thebuilding. As shown in the figure, the head of steel-pipe piles andlegs of steel frame column are jointed.

Figure 3 Sectional view of building and pile head ring socket-42-

This method enables the piles to bear the stress from the column legs, which in turn can eliminate theunderground support and foundation. This can reduce excavated soil and concrete mass volumes substantiallyand thus CO2 emission and wastes.

Photo 5 - Installation status of ring socket

Photo-6 Concrete Filling Status
5. Employment of recyclable members (design stage)
The walls of about 2,650 t of steels are of a suspended structure to allow for subsidence and are capable ofrecycling. The outer wall is made from ALC and metal plates. ALC of about 8,760 ㎡ is also totally
recyclable. When disassembled as units during removal, the steels and ALC plates of outer walls can bereused as they are. For the roof of about 17,000 ㎡ , the double folded-plate roof with sandwichedheat-insulation glass wool is employed, which is totally recyclable.

Photo-7 External wall steel construction situation-43-

Photo-8 ALC Board Construction Status

Photo-9 Roof construction situation

6. Conclusion

Construction production activities are multi-varieties and one product production, there is not thesame building as one, the production place also changes every time, the lifetime visits someday inany building someday, its role ends
As in the construction work of this case, there are rare cases where 3Rs could be promoted fromdesign to construction to removal of dismantling. I hope that by transmitting this content, such
efforts will increase-44-

Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation
Location
Position:
Name/Surname

TOUZAKI Co.,Ltd
1-8-12 Shikahone Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 133-0031
CEO
TADASHI TOUZAKI

e-mailtadashi@touzaki.co.jp

Title

Resource stock type Completely Recyclable Concrete(Concrete using limestone aggregate as the total amount of
aggregate)
Prevention
Re-useTheme
classification〇

Technology
development stage〇

RecycleReduce Co2
LegacyBusiness to overseas
Etc.
Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use after 2020

Specific content- “Resource stock type Completely Recyclable Concrete” produced
using only high-quality limestone aggregate and limestone crushed
sand with chemical components confirmed, concrete itself becomes
high-quality calcareous resources.
-If you bake the concrete waste unprocessed raw as it is, it will betransformed into high-quality cement raw materials. That is, theconcrete waste will be used as a raw material for cement.
-Touzaki Co., Ltd. continues to make concrete that demonstrates itstrue value 100 years later in the form of high quality as well as"resource stock to the future"

Appeal point- As "closed loop recycling" of concrete waste,
Concrete waste will be cement raw materials without processing.

-45-

Resource stock type Completely Recyclable Concrete(Concrete using limestone aggregate as the total amount of aggregate)
1. O UTLINE"Resource stock type Com pletely Recyclable Concrete " embodies the concept andtechnology of "completely recyclable concrete" advocated by Professor Takafumi Noguchiof the University of Tokyo

Circulation diagram of resources
Resource stock typecompletely recyclable
concrete

JIS mark
Concreteco mposed
ent ire ly o fl imest on e

Component indeterminate
concrete
Outs ideJ IS
Con crete
co mpos ed
ent irely ofl imest on e

CFTHigh F low

Flya shHigh
StrengthUsecommonmat er ials

recy c lab lecon cret e

Content
Disp osa l

Reuse forcementresour ces
and ot her sResour ces
Circulat ion

Reuse
as partaggregate

Reusing
the wholeamount as
lime
resour ces
Reuse asroadbedmaterial

High-value-added

Reduce environmental load

Environmental load

-46-

Dispos al

2. FEATURES(1) High d urabilit y①Alkali aggregate not reactive-Alkali silica reaction
Suppression of Alkali Aggregate Reaction (Civil Engineering , Building)
Implementation Procedure-Alkali carbonate reaction
Cement Association Concrete Special Committee Report F-47
②Less drying shrinkage⇒ According to the com pany's annual seasonal variation survey(average = less than 600 μ )(The examination is requested to the building materials testing center)③The linear expansion coefficient α of limestone is small (about 5 µ / ° C.)⇒ It can be expected to suppress temperature cracking(2) Less pumping loss
-It does not contain silt (viscosity) in the fine powder part↓
-There is no excess adsorption of chemical admixture and moisture↓-Less slump loss due to pum p pum ping(3)Concrete waste is resource-After dismantling the structure, the concrete waste generated↓-Reusable as cement raw m aterial(Completely Recyclable Concrete = Resource Stock Type Completely Recyclable Concrete)(4) Fully compatible with ready m ixed concrete (JIS A 5308)(5) Acquired Ministerial Certification on High Strength Concrete-Acquired Ministerial Certification on High Strength Concrete alone at factory (2010.2)(Certification scope: moderate heat cement · design standard strength 80 N / mm 2)-By actual machine tests, it was confirmed that compression strength of 120 N / mm 2
could be achieved even with concrete using limestone for the total amount of aggregate-47-Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation
Location
Position:
Name/Surname
e-mailTitle

SEIYUKOGYO Co.,Ltd1141-1 Kusabana , Akiruno ,Tokyo 197-0802, JapanCEOMASAHITO HOSONUMA
m.hosonuma@seiyukogyo.co.j p
Recycling Technology of construction sludge
Prevention
Re-useTheme
classification〇

Technology
development stage〇

RecycleReduce Co2
LegacyBusiness to overseas
Etc.
Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use after 2020

Specific content- The processing system of Sekiyu Kogyo Co., Ltd.'s Jonanjima No.2
Factory, which was completed in December 2016, is a highly integrated
processing system of the latest knowledge.
The processing system consists of two technologies. One is the latest Silt
dehyder technology as an appropriate treatment method to grasp thephysical and chemical properties of the object, and the second isdesalination technology combining micro bubbles and CO 2.
- With the new technology of Silt dehyder, the mechanical classification
point of existing cleaning technology in soil, mud, etc. was 75 µm (0.075mm), but it was possible to set the mechanical classification point to 32 µm(0.032 mm).

Appeal point-48-

Recycling Technology of construction sludge
1. Outline of Jonanjima No.2 Plant
In December 2016, the Jonanjima No.2 Plant of Seiyu Kogyo Co., Ltd was completed, which had
introduced an advanced cleaning system.
Jonanjima No.2 plant full view
(3-2-11

Jonan-jima, Ota-ku, Tokyo)

Site area: 8,867 m 2

Building area: 2,699 m 2

Greening area: 1,250 m 3
Underground storage tank: 1,225 m 3

Industrial waste disposal facilities－ Crushing facilities
Incoming materials: Cinders, rubble, mixed wastes (plastics wastes, rubbers wastes, scraps,
waste textiles, glass wastes, concrete wastes, and ceramics wastes)
Throughput: 2,880 t/day－ Dewatering facilities
Incoming materials: Sludge (inorganic only)
Throughput: 1,076m3/day × 2 units－ Pelletizing solidification facilities
Incoming materials: Sludge, cinders, rubble, mixed wastes (plastics wastes, rubbers wastes, scraps,
waste textiles, glass wastes, concrete wastes, and ceramics wastes)
Throughput: 1,440m3/day
Contaminated soil treatment facilities
Type of facilities and treatment capacity:
Cleaning and other treatment facilities (cleaning (extraction, washing) 120 t/h 2,880 t/day
Cleaning and other treatment facilities (insolubilization) 60 m3/h 1,440m3/ day
Screening and other treatment facilities (removal of foreign materials) 80 m3/h 1,920 ㎥/day
Screening and other facilities (moisture content control) 60 m3/h 1,440 ㎥/day
The advanced technology, which has incorporated a Silt dehyder , is a treatment system in which latest
findings are integrated at high level. Such findings are the adequate treatment process based on understandingof physical and chemical characteristics of materials to be treated, the demineralization technology in whichmicro bubbles are combined with CO2, etc. Though the mechanical classification point in terms of soil andsludge with the conventional cleaning technology was 75µm (0.075mm), a new technology with Silt dehyder
has achieved a mechanical classification point of 32µｍ (0.032mm).

-49-

2. New technologies
2-1. Silt dehyder

Silt dehyder is a system achieving substantial improvement of the cleaning accuracy of soil, etc. byadding the silt cleaner to the conventional Silt dehyder.

Silt dehyder
経済性<Economical>

泥土sludge
Construction
再生率
Rateofrecycleditems60%
60%
ﾘｻｲｸﾙ率rate 60%
300mm or les s 300mm以下 Recycling60%
処分率 rate40%
Disposal
40%
Dry乾式施設
facility

泥水 watermuddy

経済性<Economical>

泥土Construction
sludge300300mm以下
mm or lessRate再生率
ofrecycleditem70%
s70%
ﾘｻｲｸﾙ率rate99%
Recycling99%
処分率 rate 1%
Disposal
1%

Dryfacility
乾式施設

150ｍｍ以下
150mmor less

４０ｍｍ以下40mm or lessCleaning
洗浄施設
facility

Cleaning
洗浄施設
facility

75μm
75μm以下泥水or less

75μm
75μm以下泥水or less

Water
treatment
水処理施設
HazardousTurbidity
有害濁水処理treatment facility

Advanced washing
高度洗浄施設facility

50%

10%
脱塩等
Desalting

32μm以下泥水
32μm
or less

水処理量300%

Watertreatment300%

Water
treatment
水処理施設
Turbidity
treatment
濁水処理
facility
Water
treatment
水処理施設
Hazardous
reatment
有害物処理
facility
水処理量150%
Watertreatment150%
Remaining
残渣 40%
40％

55%

5%

Remaining1%
残渣 20%
29％ 残渣（1％）
CementFinal
セメント
Raw materials 最終処分
disposal
原料

Final disposal Recycled
item Recycled
item
再生品
再生品
最終処分 (product) (raw materials for RC)（製品） （RC原料）

Conventional plant

Silt dehyder plant

-50-

60%
Recycled
再生品
item
（製品）
(product )5%

5%Recycled
Recycled
再生品
再生品
item
item
（RC原料）（製品）(product) (raw materials
for RC)The mechanical classification point in terms of mud with the conventional cleaning technology was 75µm
(0.075mm), which can be improved to 32µm (0.032mm) with Silt dehyder. In the case of conventional
cleaning technology, the dewatered cake production rate is 27.9% when the grain size is 75µm or less. Thisfacility can recover further one third of mud as product (fine sand) at the grain size of 75µm or less.
2-2. Cleaning with carbonic-acid micro-bubbles
Conventional water cleaning could not remove chlorine solidified in inorganic mines of incinerationashes, etc. Carbonic-acid micro-bubble cleaning proved capable of demineralization.

3. Future overview
No.2 Plant is a critical hub site to consider the greater resources recycling including us. We will makeefforts for cooperative challenging with other treatment companies in Tokyo Super Eco Town.
This facility is also capable of handling disaster rubble from great inland earthquake and heavy rainfall
whose occurrence is expected and of wastes treatment containing soils, specifically chlorine. In case of
emergencies, we are confident that this facility will contribute to rapid disaster rehabilitation andrecovery of urban functions.

-51-

Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation
Location
Position:
Name/Surname
e-mailTitle

Hanshin Expressway Co., Ltd, Japan
Sankyo Sakai East bldg..5F 2-3-20 hanadacho minami-ku, Sakai,
OOSAKA, Japan
Construction Manager , Sakai Construction
Department ,Construction Management Headquarters
Muneyuki Yamana
muneyuki-yamana@hanshin-exp.co.jp"Joint Project for Effective Reuse of the Soils"
Effective utilization of shield tunnel construction sludge using tracing
technology

Prevention
Re-useTheme
classification〇

RecycleReduce Co2
LegacyBusiness to overseas
Etc.

Technology
development stage〇

Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use after 2020

Specific content-"Joint Project for Effective Reuse of the Soils" implemented in Osaka, inwhich a couple of big construction projects, Hanshin Expressway
Yamatogawa Line construction by shield tunneling and coastal
reclamation, were integrally planned and managed to effectively utilize
0.95 million m3 of excavated soils (construction sludge) from the shieldtunneling as reclamation material.
-"Joint Project for Effective Reuse of the Soils" has been demonstrated tohave many advantages such as effective use of resources, proper disposalof construction sludge, prolongation of life of final disposal site, reductionof CO2, reduction of project cost.

Appeal point-"Joint Project for Effective Reuse of the Soils" is a case example ofadvanced model for effective utilization of construction sludge making
use of ITS, including improvement of traceability of industrial wastetransportation, prevention of environmental pollution by illegal dumping,prolongation of life of public final disposal site, reduction ofenvironmental burden, reduction of business cost, promotion of effective
utilization of construction sludge in the future, leading to theestablishment and sustainment of a recycling-oriented society in the futureis expected.

-52-

Geo-Environmental Engineering 2018
Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan, May 25-26, 2018

Effective utilization of shield tunnel construction sludge using tracing
technology
Muneyuki Yamana1*, Yasuo Tomizawa2, Manabu Inagaki3, Kazuma Mizuta3,
Katsumi Mizuno4, Takeshi Katsumi5, Toru Inui5 and Masashi Kamon61Hanshin Expressway Co., Ltd, Japan
Hanshin Expressway Engineering Co., Ltd, Japan
3
Environmental Management and Technology Center, Japan
4
Osaka Bentonite Business cooperative, Japan
5
Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Japan
6
Research Institute for Environmental Geotechnics, Japan
2

ABSTRACT: This paper addresses "Joint Project for Effective Reuse of the Soils" implemented
in Osaka, in which a couple of big construction projects, Hanshin Expressway Yamatogawa Line
construction by shield tunneling and coastal reclamation, were integrally planned and managed toeffectively utilize 0.95 million m3 of excavated soils (construction sludge) from the shield tunneling as reclamation material. In this joint project, management of such a huge amount of soils
transported between the highway construction site, the soil treatment facility, and the reclamationsite was a key issue. For the transportation of this large quantity of shielded construction soil, we
created a fully electronic manifest system by utilizing the ETC vehicle authentication function
and GPS information. The newly developed ETC manifest system was used in order to issue andstore manifests on the same day that the operation took place. This system has improved thetraceability of transporting a large amount of generated soil, and ensured the transparency of construction sludge recycling, which led to significant savings in the creation of manifests.
Keywords: Excavated soil, Tracing technology, ETC manifest system
1. INTRODUCTION
A “Joint Project for Effective Reuse of the Soils”
was implemented in order to reclaim and utilize the
excavated soils generated through mud-pressureshield tunnel construction at the Hanshin Expressway Yamatogawa Line as reclamation material for
the No. 6 Lumber Yard Development Project,which is managed by the Ports and Harbors Bureau,
Osaka City. The transportation of these excavatedsoils was equivalent to load of 158,000 units ofdump trucks with a capacity of 10 t (approximately
500 units per day). The soils generated through theshield tunnel excavation were required to be managed as “construction sludge,” which is categorized
to "industrial waste" according to the local regulation. In Japan, the delivery of the industrial waste
management slips (manifests) has been mandated,and entails a series of process control procedures,from the generation to the landfill of industrial
waste. However, the management of manifests, atsites where a large amount of industrial waste isdischarged, is burdensome because it entails thedelivery and counting of slips by collection companies, collecting carriers, and processing companies,in addition to the obligation of storing the manifests
for five years. Moreover, with regard to paper slip
management, problems such as the omission of
entries, alteration, spoofing, and loss have occurred.
Therefore, in this project, to improve the traceability of industrial waste movement, and to prevent
environmental contamination by illegal dumping,
the ETC manifest system was introduced in operations such as generation, transportation, acceptance,and reclamation of generated soil, and in manifest
management. Thereby, ensuring the transparencyof the recycling process was attempted.
In this paper, an outline of "Joint Project for Effective Reuse of the Soils" is presented in Section 2.
The ETC manifest system introduced in this projectis outlined in Chapter 3. The operation management procedure wherein this system was used isoutlined in Section 4. Finally, an overall summaryof this study is provided in Section 5.

* Corresponding author
Tel.: +81 72 226 4738; fax: 81 72 233 5730, muneyuki-yamana@hanshin-exp.co.jp-53-

Matsubara City

Figure 1. Project site locations 1)

Figure 2. No.6 Lumber Yard (before the project)

2. JOINT PROJECT FOR EFFECTIVE REUSE
OF THE SOILS
Most of the length of the 9.7 km Hanshin Expressway Yamatogawa Line is an underground structure,
and approximately 40% of it was constructed by
the mud pressure shield tunnel excavation method.
Since the soil produced by this method is typically-54-

regarded as industrial waste (construction sludge)
in Japan, it is commonly carried out to a site where
it is finally disposed. However, this results in excessive disposal cost. In this project, recycling
treatment (reforming treatment by neutral solidification and classification washing treatment) wasapplied to a large amount of construction sludge
amounting to approximately 950,000 m3, which

Figure 3. Scheme of joint project 1)

was discharged from multiple shield tunnel construction sites, and used effectively as sea level
reclamation material in the No. 6 Lumber Yard
Development Project of the Ports and Harbors Bureau, Osaka City. Such joint management of different projects was attempted for the first time in Japan. Coastal reclamation was conducted in order tofill an area of 8.3 ha, which was previously used as
an old lumber yard and is expected to make gooduse of the space. The excavated soils were subjected to soil improvement in order to be used asreclamation material (400 kN/m2 in cone index,
and 6.0 - 9.0 in pH). A gypsum-based stabilizing
agent was applied in order to maintain the pH of
the improved soil lower than 9.0.
As a result, this will not only enable the properand effective utilization of construction sludge at alow recycling rate, which is considered as a geotechnical engineering problem in Japan, but it will
also extend the life of the final disposal site andreduce the emissions of CO2 and cost of disposal.
Additionally, many other advantages have been
demonstrated 2).
3. DEVELOPMENT AND SUPERIORITY OF
ETC ELECTRONIC MANIFEST SYSTEM
As a new manifest registration mechanism to improve the traceability of industrial waste movement
and to prevent environmental contamination byillegal dumping, the radio communication of theelectronic toll collection system (ETC) was used in
the ETC electronic manifest system. This system
has been recently developed in order to generate

Figure 4. ETC (electronic toll collection) manifest system-55-

Figure 5. Operation control chart by ETC manifest system (number of maximum acceptance days)

electronic manifests (Figure 4). These electronic
manifests were generated by the ETC certificationof the transported soils generated through shieldtunnel excavations entrance and exit records ateach site. The system managed the electronic manifest in cooperation with JWNET, which is the abbreviation of Japan Waste Network and the electronic manifest system prescribed by the Japanesewaste disposal legislation. Additionally, with regard to the transportation of the soils discharged
from shield tunnel excavation, the management oftransportation routes is instructed, standing by anddetouring at times of congestion, ensuring thatemergencies are communicated by the onboard
global positioning system (GPS), and generally
aimed for an overall appropriate and smooth work
flow 3). By the introduction of this system, the following advantages were gained:(1) The load measurement (from the truck scaleboarding to the weighing, ETC vehicle certification, etc.) lasted for approximately 10 seconds.
Therefore, it was possible to reduce the vehicle
waiting time in the vicinity of the on-site gate
by 500 transport vehicles per day and a significant shortening was achieved.
(2) With regard to emission projects, education fordrivers requires only simple practical training,
and there is no need to input the operation by apersonal computer or similar means. Therefore,
the efficiency of making electronic manifests
was increased, and very few operation errors byhuman was occurred.
(3) Since only registered vehicles are authenticatedby ETC, it was possible to prevent the intrusion-56-

of unauthorized vehicles and conduct operation
management in real-time. Therefore, it was possible to identify the target vehicles and the locations where a vehicle broke down or a traffic
accident occurred. Additionally, the surrounding
traffic congestion situation was assessed effectively, and also in real-time, which made it possible to respond to emergency situations
promptly and ensure the reliability of operation
control. As a result, delays in the progress of the
project were prevented.
4. OPERATION MANAGEMENT USING ETC
ELECTRONIC MANIFEST SYSTEM
The graphs shown in Figs. 5 to 7 visualize the operation management data collected by the ETC
manifest system during the three days period of
accepting the excavated soils. The amount of soil
received on each day can be seen in the figure
which vertical axis represents cumulative amountof soil received in the recycling treatment facility.
The measurement time is shown on the horizontal
axis. In principle, the facility started accepting thesoil every morning at 8:00. At this site, the soil wastransported by the same transport vehicle over six
to seven round trips from the multiple shield tunnel
construction sites to the recycling treatment facility,
which was approximately 6 to 9 km away. The soil
was sent to the reclamation site by a belt conveyor
or similar, and the construction of the embankment
was carried out.

Figure 6. Operation control chart by ETC manifest system (examples of average acceptance days)

Figure 7. Operation control chart by ETC manifest system (examples of problematic days)

Figure 5 shows the day (June 28, 2016) on which
762 units were accepted. This was the largest
amount of accepted units during this project. Totalof 118 dump trucks prepared at two sites transported the material reciprocally and approximately
6,100 tons of the excavated soils were received.
Transportation and acceptance were carried out
efficiently, with the exception of a small waitingtime for acceptance at approximately 14:10-14:30.
However, it was some delay in process after acceptance of soil (recycling process, to reclamation),-57-

it did not affect the acceptance process and wasable to accept the scheduled quantity of the excavated soils. Since the transportation vehicles gather
early in the morning and afternoon from multiple
sites, by shifting the start time and break time of
one site, the waiting time of the transport vehicles
around the facility was avoided.
Figure 6 shows one of a daily operation control
chart when approximately 500 units as an average
were accepted. A total of 109 units were arranged
at the site and carried out transport back and forth.

Thereby, approximately 4,000 tons were accepted.
Although there was a waiting time for acceptanceat approximately 9:00, 10:15, and 14:00, it isthought that the standard number of receiving units
was able to proceed to the next step of the process
without difficulty.
Moreover, Fig. 7 shows an example of a day
when trouble occurred. On that day, there was apower failure during the round-trip transportation
with 43 vehicles arranged with a small number of
301 received cars, and we were only able to accept
the scheduled amount of approximately 2,400 tons.
The power outage occurred after 15:40, and acceptance was carried out by manual certification/weighing instead of electronic certification.
The system was updated after the power was restored, which demonstrates the flexibly of the system to respond to the occurrence of problems. In
this particular situation, the post-acceptance process was postponed for the next day.
In this way, by visualizing the weight data of the
dump trucks and the time measured by the ETC
electronic manifest system, it was possible toproperly coordinate the transit vehicles and to efficiently manage the daily quantity of soil by accepting it in a reliable manner. The process and progress management of the entire project can also be
useful.
5. SUMMARY
The newly developed ETC manifest system thatwas implemented in "Joint Project for Effective
Reuse of the Soils" is introduced in this paper. Thissystem makes effective use of the soils generated
through shield tunnel excavation generated fromhighway projects and used as a reclamation material by land development businesses.
This system can be used as a technology to support transparency during the proper disposal of
construction waste at mass emission sites. This system has many advantages, such as clarifying the
responsibilities of each business operator, improving the efficiency of transportation management
work, reducing labor, etc. Moreover, this system
was evaluated and adopted in the management ofvehicle operations during the East Japan greatearthquake disaster. The ETC antenna was preliminarily installed in Gareki, which is located in thecity of Kamaishi, in Iwate prefecture. The entrance
and exit of the transport vehicles was recorded andthe weighing control of the loads was carried out.
In this way, the system could be used in thelarge-area shielded tunnel construction of railways
and roads, with a size of several millions of m3, inthe utilization of large-scale disaster waste as recyclable material, and in large-scale construction-58-

work in developing countries, for example. It is
expected that the proper and effective utilization of
construction waste will expand further and lead tothe emergence of a recycling-oriented society in the
future.
6. REFERENCES
1) Yamaguchi, Y., Mizuhara, K., Mizuta, K., Takemika, T., Katsumi, T. and Kamon, M.: “Management of the soils dischargrd from shield tunnel excavation using ETC system,” The International
Workshop on ICT in Geo-Engineering, 2012,
2) Yamana, M., Kawamura, M., Tomizawa, Y.,
Inagaki, M., Mizuta, K., Uehara, K., Mizuno, K.,
Hamano, H., Katsumi, T. and Kamon, M.:“Hanshin Express Yamatogawa Line Development
and operation of an integrated management system
for shielding construction and utilization as landfill
materials,” Proceedings of the 12th JGS Symposium on Environmental Geotechnology, pp. 91-96,
2017,3) Tomizawa, Y., Yamaguchi, Y., Takemika, T., Mizuta, K., Fujiwara, T., Katsumi, T., Kamon, M.:“Application of traceability technology for reuse of
construction waste - Case of the Hanshin Expressway Yamatogawa Line -,” Proceedings of the 10th
JGS Symposium on Environmental Geotechnology,
pp. 177-184, 2013

Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation
Location
Position:
Name/Surname
e-mail

Title

TAKATOSHI Co., Ltd
11-2 Arai-1choume Nakano-ku ,Tokyo 165-0026, Japan
Director of Planning & Development Department
KEIICHIRO NISHIDA
k-nishida@takatoshi.co.jp
Improvement of recycling by high precision sorting of construction
mixed waste
Prevention
Re-useTheme
classification〇

Technology
development stage〇

RecycleReduce Co2
LegacyBusiness to overseas
Etc.
Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use after 2020

Specific content- System flow of "High precision sorted recycling system"- High-precision screening with the mixed construction wastes treatment
line- Development of the technology for screening by color, which is to recoverhigh-quality recycled crusher-run from mixed construction wastes

Appeal point-New technology was developed to identify glasses, bricks, rigid plastics,
etc. by referring to minute color difference among them. For this purpose,the color screener appropriate for screening construction wastes, whichhave been developed in coordination with the dedicated color screener
manufacturer, was combined with the non-ferrous metal screener.

-59-

Efficiency Improvement of Recycling through High-precision Screening of
Mixed Construction Wastes

1. Outline of the Tokyo Waterfront Area Eco-Plant Facility

Location: Jonanjima 3-2-15, Ota-ku, Tokyo
Structural scale: Intermediate treatment facilities Steel construction ･ Height 26m
Office building: Reinforced concrete construction, six storied ･ Height 22.6m
Installation area: 8,997.38m2 (Reclaimed land, Tokyo)
Building area: 2,988.38m2

Total floor area：7,330.28m2

Line of business: (Industrial wastes) plastic wastes, waste paper, wooden waste, fibers waste, rubber
wastes, scraps, wastes of glass, concrete, and ceramics, slag,
rubble (including industrial wastes containing mercury)(General wastes) Wooden wastes, lunch wastes, wastes occurring during change of
abode

-60-

2. Recycling System Flow
A “High-precision Screening Recycling System” was established, which consists of about 270 units ofequipment. This system incorporates the technology of screening mixed construction wastes
mechanically and automatically (achieving enhanced screening capacity) and the technology to facilitate
easy recycling of screen wastes (achieving increased quality accuracy).

Central control room

･Valu able s･Sin gle it e m
re c o ve r y･In appr o priate
c ru sh in g m at e rial

Collection andtransportation

Tokyo Waterfront
Eco-Plant

Mixed waste
Processing line

Collected items①

Hand sorting line

High pre cision
machine sorting

Collected items②

Mixture etc.

Crushing

Measurement
Non PVC type
Waste plastic
Processing line

Hand sorting line

Collected items①
Non-vinyl chloride waste
plastics, PVC waste plastics,
PVC pipes, polystyrene
foams, large iron scraps, large
nonferrous metals, stainlesssteel, wood chips, cardboard,electric wires, waste tatami
matsCollected items②
Inappropriate material, woodchips, iron / nonferrous metal,
electric wire, waste paper,
cardboard, PVC pipe, nonvinyl chloride waste plastic,
PVC waste plastic

Aluminum, iron scrap
Flammable mat e rials(th e r mal r e c yc le d fu e l)

Residue
Coarse sand (+ 7
to 30 mm)
Small sand (-7mm)
Small sand (-10mm)
Small sand (10 mm～)

Hand sortingline

Metal wastes

PVC type
Waste plastic
Processing line

Dumping yard

· Vibration win dforce sorter· Trommel screen· Jumpin g screen· Specific gravity
difference sorting
machine· Aluminum
sorting machine

Crushedstone

Metal wastes

Concrete waste
Processing line

No n P VC
t ype Wast eplastic

Crushing
Waste gypsum
board
Processing line

P VC type
Waste
plastic

Wood waste,
paper waste,
Textile waste
Processing line

Compression
packing

Plaster paper

Compression packing
Gypsu m powder
product tankFluoresce nt light
Processing line

Gypsum powder

Metal wastes

Figure 1 System flow of "High precision sorted recycling system"

-61-

S
t
o
c
k
y
a
r
d

i i C
t t a
e e r
m m r
s s y
o
a u
n t
d
r
d e
i c
s y
p c
o l
s e
a d
l

M
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t

s
h
i
p
m
e
n
t

3. High-precision screening with the mixed construction wastes treatment line
The throughput of the mixed wastes treatment line shown in Fig. 1 is 1,470ｔ/day. (The throughput of the
facility as a whole is 2,784ｔ/day.)This line is featured in that fine wastes (called “minus sieve residue”) left after primary treatment arescreened. This is not normally done in other intermediate treatment facilities. High-precision recycling isenabled by screening such minus sieve residue in several stages using various machines including thenon-combustibles cleaner, nonferrous screener, color screener, near-infrared material screener, screener
by difference in specific gravity, jumping screen
4. Recycled products after high-precision screening
High-precision screening of mixed wastes treatment line screens out recycled crusher-run, recycled sand,combustibles (mixture of plastics wastes, wastepaper, and waste woods), iron, aluminum, andnon-ferrous metals. Recovered dusts and fine dusts are pelletized by a kneading machine and usedcurrently as cement raw materials.
Recycled crusher-run and recycled sand are used as materials for temporary construction in theconstruction site while combustibles are used as raw materials for cement raw fuels, solid fuels, and raw
fuels for thermal recycle facilities.
From this line, there is almost no wastes to be disposed of by landfill.

ダスト加

Photo 2 Recycled products from mixed waste s-62-

5. Development of the technology for screening by color, which is to recover high-quality recycled
crusher-run from mixed construction wastes
After mechanical screening, recycled crusher-run contains about 10 – 15% of glass, bricks, rigid plastics,
non-ferrous metals, etc. that are similar in specific gravity. New technology was developed to identify
glasses, bricks, rigid plastics, etc. by referring to minute color difference among them. For this purpose,the color screener appropriate for screening construction wastes, which have been developed incoordination with the dedicated color screener manufacturer, was combined with the non-ferrous metal
screener.

-63-

Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation
Location

Research group for “Neko Chip” construction method
within Fatech Corporation
2-2 Tsukugadocho Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo,162-8557,Japan

Position:
Name/Surname
e-mailTitle
Themeclassification“Neko Chip” construction method〇

Prevention
Re-useRecycleReduce Co2
LegacyBusiness to overseas

Technology
development stage〇

Etc.
Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use after 2020

Specific content-According to the Geofiber Method, the growth base is sprayed overthe slope surface by a special machine. Such growth base is created bymixing wood chips (branches and leaves; root stocks) obtained locallywith locally generated soil (including surface soil).
-Deforestation trees are used after primary crushing into raw chips.
-Since the growth base can be created in large quantity by means of
the high-speed belt conveyor type sprayer and the pump feed method,
the cost can be reduced.

Appeal point-Since the growth base of surface soil, including excavated soil,
contains mixture of the local plant seeds, microorganisms, etc. This isadvantageous for sprouting and growth of indigenous plants, which inturn causes rapid transition to indigenous plants and preservation of
biodiversity.

-64-

Geofiber Method
1. Outline
Wood chips obtained by crushing felled trees into needle shape are mixed with locally generated soil.
The mixture is then sprayed over the slope by a high-speed belt conveyor. In this way, this greening
method enables restoration of existing vegetation and recycling. Wooden chips as large as about 15 cm
can be used in the green state. Locally generated soil mixed with the topsoil becomes the soil
appropriate for vegetation, contributing greatly to restoration of existing vegetation and to creation of
growth base that is stable and not deteriorated over a long time of period.

Chip material

Logging tree
Logging tree, Drift wood

Topsoil

Chipping

Foreign matter
removalAggregate
Bondingt
Fertilizer
Water

Development of a growth baseProduction of growt h-based materials(Dedicated mixing plant)

Developme nt of a growt h base(High speed belt conveyor type istributor)

Greening of slopes

Construction flow

Sprinkling on the side of the growth base material

2. Features
・ Restoration of existing vegetation, diversification of vegetation, and conservation of the eco-systemthrough utilization of locally generated topsoil
・ Creation of the long-term stable growth base through use of soil mainly of inorganic elements
・ Suppression of the generated amount of construction wastes and cost reduction through recycling
・ Use of large green wooden ships to create the growth base. In addition, the top soil, roots contained
in topsoil, soil with high clay content, etc. can also be used effectively.
・ Efficient and economic work by means of a mechanical system using a dedicated plant andhigh-speed belt conveyor-65-

Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation
Location
Position:
Name/SurnameTokyo Urban Planning and Development Corporation
Central Breakwater Inside landfill,3 Aoumi, Koto-ku TokyoManager Administration Section ,Construction Waste Soil Recycling
CenterAKIRA AMATSU

e-mailamatu01@toshizukuri.or.jp

Title

Tokyo Metropolitan Construction Waste Soil (Excavated soil)
Recycling Center Operation Management Project

Theme
classification

Technology
development stage〇〇

Prevention
Re-useRecycleReduce Co2
LegacyBusiness to overseas
Etc.
Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use after 2020

Specific content- This center operates three functions of the information management
center, stockyard, and soil improvement plant in an integrated mannerin order to effectively promote the reuse of excavated soil generated
from public works in Tokyo.
Stockyard: Stock capacity: 90,000 m3,
Stock area: 2 ha
Soil Improvement Plant: Maximum 150 t/h x 2units
Annual soil production volume ofApproximately 300,000 m3

Appeal point- This center is the world's first site to integrally operate and manage
the functions of a stockyard, soil improvement plant, and information
management center of excavated soil.

-66-

Earth-friendly Facility

Tokyo Urban Planning and Development Corporation

-67-

-68-

Stand-by area

* Reception gate

* Site area: about 8ha

Ground Plan

Stockyard B

Stock
Stock
yard
yard BB

Stockyard B
yard BStock
Car parkbuilding (2)Administration
center

Stock yard C

Parking
Lot

Administration Center

Chuo-bohatei-uchigawa-umetatechinai,
Chisaki, 3-chome, Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo[Purpose]
Reducing the quantity of disposable waste
soil generated by public works in Tokyo, while
reducing the quantity of mountain sand to becollected, thus, contributing to the creation ofa sound recycling society through therecycling of construction-generated soil[Service Details]
1. Accepting construction-generated waste soil andproviding regular soil
2. Raising the quality of construction-generated
waste soil and providing improved soil
3. Research on soil quality[Address]

Outline of the Tokyo Metropolitan
Construction Waste Soil Recycling Center

Stock yard A

This Center has three functions: as an information center,as a stock yard, and as a soil improvement plant. To
effectively recycle the soil generated at public works
Sites in Tokyo, these functions are integrally utilized.
This Center is under the Bureau of Urban Development of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government and isoperated/managed by the Tokyo New Town Development Corporation.

(4) Securing the entities/places that would
accept the soil
(5) Promoting the appropriate soil
improvement(1) Soil quantity(2) Control of soil quantity(3) Promoting recycling
As a way of concretely implementing the above
principles, the Tokyo Government established theTokyo Metropolitan Construction Waste Soil
Recycling Center in May 1992.

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government implements
measures on soil generated by construction
according to five (5) basic principles:Tokyo Metropolitan Government’s
Policy for Construction-generated Soil

Recycling of Soil Generated by Construction

Yard D for
soil
improvement

Car parkbuilding (1)Electrical
Room

Exit gate

Building for
Crushing,
Cracking, &MixingYard
D
Sorting of received soil by using a trommel<Processing capacity: about 400m3/day(for soil received by the Center)><Processing capacity: 150t/h (2 units), Annual output:300,000m3>

Yard
E Stand-by area

Yard D for
soil
improvement

Product
separationbuilding

Yard D for
soil
improvement

Building for
Crushing,
Cracking, &MixingSoil improvement

Improved soil yard E

Car wash<Temporary stock capacity: 90,000m3, Area: 2h>Soil Improvement Plant

Here, they adjust the sizes of grains of clay of waste soil which cannot berecycled as it is, then mix soil with unslaked lime to improve its quality to thesame level as that of mountain sand.

It serves as a storage facility wherein regular soil is temporarily placed, atemporary soil storage facility before treatment at the plant (Soil for Treatment
Yard), a drying facility for treating soil (Stock Yard A and B), and a storage for
improved soil (Improved Soil Yard).

Based on information from the Tokyo Government, it operates the stock yard
and the soil improvement plant, controls soil quantity, as well as coordinates theintegral functions of the Recycling Center, such as central monitoring devices,soil laboratory, etc. It also serves as a reception for ticketing and similar jobs.

Stock Yard A and B

Soil
Improvement
Plant

Stock Yard

Administration
Center

-69-

(50mm
or

Large clod crusher

screenProduct separation vibrating screen

Unslaked lime bin

Cracking/crushing machineclod separation vibrating(35mm or bigger)

Cracking/crushing/
Mixer
mixing machineMid-sized(100mm or bigger)

Further ion-exchange
reaction causes the soil
grains to become
stronger.

The lime remaining
after the ion-exchange
and pozzolanic
reactions solidifies byreacting with carbon
dioxide gas, andincreases its strength.

④

Carbonation reaction③

Pozzolanic reaction(Solidification)

Soil grains thatabsorbed calcium ions
get integrated.

Ion-exchange reaction(Aggregation)

Hydration reaction

Unslaked lime reacts w ith
w ater, and the w ater insoil becomes solid.
Thr ough the heatgener ated by thisprocess, the w ater
vaporizes. The
proportion of the w ater inthe soil is then r educ ed.

②①

Waste soil from construction sites, mixed with unslaked lime using a cracking/crushing/mixing
machine, causes the following four chemical reactions, which then changes into dry soil that isstrong against pressure and difficult to crumble, thus being recycled as improved soil.

● Chemical Reaction and Effects of Mixing with Unslaked Lime

Improved soil yard

(13mm or smaller)(13mm or bigger)

Auxiliary
Auxiliary
bigger)Crusher
cracking/crushing/mixing machine(35mm orsmaller)(100mm or smaller)

Large clod separation
vibrating screen

Fixed quantity supplier(Receiving hopper for soil improvement)
Soil to be treated(Dumping grate)● Soil Improvement System Using Unslaked Lime

● Quality Standards of Improved Soil

Large clod
crusher 2

Large clod
crusher 1

Receivinghopper 1

Mid-sized clod separation
vibrating screen 1

Cracking/Crushing
Machine 1

Product vibration
screen 1

Product vibration
screen 2

Improved soil 2

A certificate is issued upon request.

● Quality Certificate of Improved Soil

▾ Supervisory Control Room (for monitoring the soil improvement process) ▾▾ Soil Quality Testing Laboratory ▾1. Grain diameter: 13mm or less
2. CBR: 3% or more, 20% or less
(Each value of the quality control data tested 30 days before the shipment shall be 3%
or more, and the mean value shall be 20% or less.)

The quality of the improved soil satisfies the standards of Type 2 Improved Soil stipulatedby the Construction Guidelines on Road Occupancy in Tokyo Metropolitan.

1. Service Days & Related Information(1) Sending out of improved soil / receiving of waste soil
DaytimeNighttimeDays open

Monday - Saturday

Days closed

Sundays, holidays (including substitute holidays), August 12 - 16,
December 28 - January 4, and other days specially designated)

Service hours

8:30 - 17:00

22:00 - 5:00

(2) Processing of applications and issuance of tickets to use the facility
Days and TimeDays closed

Monday - Friday, 9:00 - 17:00
Saturdays, Sundays, holidays (including substitute holidays), August 12 - 16,
December 28 - January 4, and other days specially designated)

2. Construction Applicability and Criteria for Acceptance(1) Construction Applicability
Tokyo Government-related public works, located within the radius of 30km from the Recycling Center(In principle, the construction shall require bringing in the waste soil and taking out either ordinary soil
or Type 2 improved soil.)(2) Acceptance Criteria
1. Soil that does not contain toxic
substances (According to the criteria,
the “Certificate of Soil Test on Toxic
Substances” or the “Soil Test Report”
shall be required when submitting theapplication.)
2. Waste containing waste wood,asphalt, concrete blocks, metal, debris,
etc. shall not be accepted.
3. Acceptable types of soil and classifications shall be according to the table on the left.
4. The soil shall not be of high water content and shall not discharge odor.
5. Soil from the construction sites of the areas designated by the Soil Contamination
Countermeasures Act and the Act on Special Measures for the Prevention of Dioxin, etc. must not be
accepted. (Please refer to the website of the Bureau of Environment, Tokyo Metropolitan
Government.)
Acceptable Soil Type

Soil Classification
Type 1 Construction Waste Soil
Fine sand, sandy soil,
Type 2 Construction Waste Soilsilt and cohesive soil
Type 3 Construction Waste Soil
Type 3 Construction Waste Soil
Kanto loam
Type 4 Construction Waste Soil

* For details of the acceptance criteria, please refer to the Guidelines on the Use of the Center.

In the Recycling Center, we endeavored toprevent overloading by issuing the Manualon the Prevention of Overloading, as well as
to promote accident prevention and a safe
transport.

Weighing at the entrance gate

The quantity of soil to be carried in and out ismeasured and recorded by truck scales upon
arrival and departure.

Exit gate-70-

Construction Waste Soil Recycling System
Entities that directpublic works

Construction waste
soil recycling facilities

Exchange of information
Bureau headquarters ofTokyo Metropolitan
Government

Various offices ofTokyo Metropolitan
Government

Tokyo Metropolitan
Construction Waste Soil

Recycling Center

Bureau of Urban Development, Tokyo
Metropolitan Government

Decision-making of
public works that avail of theservices of the Recycling Center

23 Wards in Tokyo
Processing of service-users

Cities, Towns, andVillages in Tokyo

Waste soil
information system
Application/coordinationon the use of services

Third sectors

Contractor of construction

Order to construct (Use of the Recycling Center)

View of the entire yard for soil improvement-71-Map featuring the area around Tokyo Metropolitan Construction Waste Soil Recycling Center

Arakawa
River

Tokyo Metropolitan Construction
Waste Soil Recycling CenterTokyo Metropolitan Construction
Waste Soil Recycling Center

Tokyo
Port andHarborArea(present)

Tokyo
Port
and
HarborArea(plan)

Tokyo Bay

Source: Tokyo Metropolitan Government

Tokyo Urban Planning and Development Corporation
4-7-1 Koyasu-machi, Hachioji City, Tokyo 192-0904 Tel: 042-686-1613
URL:http://www.toshizukuri.or.jp/

Tokyo Metropolitan Construction Waste Soil Recycling Center
Chuo-bohatei-uchigawa-umetatechinai, Chisaki, 3-chome, Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0065
Tel: 03-3520-0982 Fax: 03-3520-0827

This brochure is made of 100% recycled paper.
Prepared on August 2017-72-

Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation
Location
Position:
Name/SurnameTokyo Outer Ring Road Office, Kanto Regional Development Bureau,
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT),Tokyo, JapanTE Bldg. 7F, 5-5-10 Yoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8580 Japane-mailTitle
Themeclassification

Policy on excavated soil generated Tokyo Outer Ring Road
(Kanetsu～～ Tomei) construction〇

Prevention
Re-useRecycleReduce Co2
LegacyBusiness to overseas

Technology
development stage〇

Etc.
Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use after 2020

Specific content- The Tokyo Outer Ring Road Tunnel Excavated Soil Conference
chaired by Honorary Professor Kamon of Kyoto University developed a“Manual to Manage Soil Excavated during Tokyo Outer Ring
Tunneling,” summarizing the policies for management of shield
excavated soil. And, we plan to make effective use of shield tunnel
generated soil of about 20,000 m 3 per day.

Appeal point- Shield tunnel generated soil from the muddy pressure shield
construction method has been often handled as construction sludge(industrial waste) in many cases.
-In this project, by devise shield excavation method and additives etc.
taking advantage of the characteristics of the hard drilling strata
distributed in the deep underground, we effectively utilize shielded
tunnel generated soil as excavated soil for embankment material etc.

-73-Policy on excavated soil generated Tokyo Outer Ring Road (Kanetsu～～Tomei) construction.
Yoshio SHIBATA1, Kenji KATO2 , and Junichi SUGII3
1

General Manager; Tokyo Outer Ring Road Office, Kanto Regional Development Bureau,
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), Tokyo, Japan
2
General Manager; Tokyo Gaikan Construction Office, Kanto Regional Head Branch,
East Nippon Expressway Company Limited Tokyo, Japan
3
Director; Tokyo Construction Office, Tokyo Branch,Central Nippon Expressway Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan

ABSTRACT: This paper addresses the policy on excavated soil generated Tokyo Outer Ring Road (Kanetsu～Tomei)construction by shield tunneling. From Tokyo Outer Ring Road (Kanetsu～Tomei) construction
site, a maximum of 20,000 m 3 of excavated soil per day is generated at maximum.so it is necessary toconsider proper management of such a huge amount of soils .

1. INTRODUCTION
Three metropolitan ring roads play vital role as a social capital to support economic activities and daily
life of Tokyo, a heart of Japan, while contributing to mitigation of chronic traffic congestion and toenvironmental improvement of central Tokyo.
One of these ring roads, Tokyo Outer Ring Road, has the length of about 85 km, connecting, like a loop,
the areas at about 15 km from central Tokyo. For the dedicated motorway portion (the expressway), thesection of about 49 km has been opened for service up to now, which runs from the Oizumi Junction
connecting to Kanetsu Expressway and the Takaya Interchange connecting to Higashi Kanto Expressway.

1-74-

For the section of about 16 km (or the Tokyo Outer Ring) from Kanetsu Expressway to Tomei
Expressway, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), East Nippon Expressway
Company Limited, and Central Nippon Expressway Company Limited are jointly undertaking the project.

Tokyo Outer Ring Road
(Kanetsu～～Tomei)Tokyo Outer
Ring Road

HanedaAirportFig. 1 Outlines of the metropolitan area three-ring road

2-75-

2. ROAD CONSTRUCTION
The Section runs mostly through the deep underground tunnel structure, the greatest shield tunnel ofJapan with three lanes each way, having the diameter of about 16 m.

Fig. 2 Outline of the plan of the Tokyo Outer Ring (Kanetsu ~ Tomei )Photo.1 Shielded machine with a diameter of about 16 m

3-76-

3. POLICY ON EXCAVATED SOIL GENERATED SHIELD TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION
A total of four 16-m diameter shield machines were employed for tunnel excavation; two northbound andtwo southbound respectively from the Oizumi Shaft and the Tomei Shaft. These shield machines produced
excavated soil of maximum about 20,000 m3 daily.
Since large amount of soil generated within short periods is to be removed, as needed, to the outside of
the work site, the Tokyo Outer Ring Road Tunnel Excavated Soil Conference chaired by Honorary
Professor Kamon of Kyoto University developed a “Manual to Manage Soil Excavated during Tokyo Outer
Ring Tunneling,” summarizing the policies for management of shield excavated soil.
This manual summarizes the flow of handling and management of shield excavated soil, temporarystorage method, judgement method, transportation control, the concept of additives mixing, etc. The manual
describes the policies for effective and efficient utilization of shield excavated soil for other projects outside
the work site.
For soil excavated with mud slurry shield, the project is intended basically for effective utilization ofsuch soil for embankment, etc. as soil generated from construction, by exploiting merits of hard excavation
formation distributed in the deep underground and by improving the shield method and additives. In orderto enable effective utilization of large amount of construction byproducts as invaluable resources, efforts aredone to achieve the objective through promotion of discussions with various receiving parties whilereferring to this manual.

Stock yard (judgment work)

Generated site

Usage site

Usage site A
Selection of usage site

Testing and analysis

Collection of test / analysis
sampleStockTransportation

Storage by hopper etc.

Modification (additionof solidifying material)
Conveyance(belt conveyor, etc.)

Excavation

Transportation

Usage site B

Usage site C

Integrated construction system ofTokyo outer ring roadFig. 3 Flow of management of shield generated soil
Excerpt from “Manual to Manage Soil Excavated during Tokyo Outer Ring Tunneling,”

4-77-

4. CONCLUSIONS
Transport of shield excavated soil and transport of materials and equipment of other projects are expected
to cause congestion. Besides, it is important to ensure traceability of shield excavated soil from the sourceof generation to the destination. In this context, the transport management is currently under consideration.
The Tokyo Outer Ring Road is a project requiring highly-developed technical power mainly onunderground structures. With the aim of making this project a model in large cities, we will proceed withthe project with cooperation extended from authorities concerned, experts, and local residents while paying
due attention on the safety and surrounding environment.

5-78-

Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation
Location
Position:
Name/Surname
e-mailMORI Forest Environmental Technology Laboratory Co. ,Ltd
7-6 odajima-cho,shinjo-city , yamagata Pref. 996-0071 JapanCEOMASATO MORI
e-mail:info@mori-kankyo.co.jp

Title

Bon Terrain Construction Method(High moisture content mudbank recycling system)

Theme
classification〇

Technology
development stage
Specific content

Prevention
Re-use〇 Recycle
Reduce Co2
LegacyBusiness to overseas
Etc.
〇 Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use after 2020
-Professor Hiroshi Takahashi of Graduate School, Tohoku University andthe MORI Forest Environmental Technology Laboratory Co. ,Ltd havejointly developed the Bon Terrain process. This process provides additional
characteristics, such as superior strength, superior earthquake resistance,
superior durability, and others, to bottom deposits of dam pond by loading
and mixing the fibrous deposits improvement material, “Bon Fiber”,
together with fixation agent.
-Banking of rivers and dam ponds, to which this process had been applied
before the Great East-Japan Earthquake occurred, developed no crack andliquefaction damage the Earthquake actually occurred.

Appeal point-Contribution to recovery and reconstruction in the site of large-scale
sedimentation disasters that have occurred frequently
This process enables recycling of deposits left after tsunami as raw
materials into highly-functional ground materials, contributing thereby torapid restoration from disaster.
This environmentally-conscious process enables recycling of variousorganic deposits in the original locations while offering substantiallyfavorable impacts on the society.
Our efforts to promote “Monozukuri (manufacturing)” through cooperation
among academic, industrial, and governmental circles has been highly
evaluated and awarded the 6th Monodukuri Japan Prize in 2015.
This technology is expected to offer extremely high propagation effects
through significant contribution to the reconstruction and restoration oflarge-scale sedimentation disasters that are probable in the future.
Contribution to strengthening of the national land is also expected.
-Efforts to support overseas development of the new technologies
Major 2011 flooding of the Chao Phraya River in Thailand has caused
continuing flood disaster for more than a month.
Professor Hiroshi Takahashi, Graduate School of Tohoku University, theassociate developer of this process, and the staff of Advanced Construction
Technology Center visited Kasetsart University, King Mongku’s
University ,Pak Kred city in the neighborhood of Capital Bangkok. There,
they outlined the technology and performed publicly the laboratory
experiment using Thailand clay.
At suggestions of the Pak Kred municipal staff, this process was named Soil
Dike Super Fiber Method”to facilitate easy understanding of technology by
the Thai engineers.
We expect that our “Monodukuri Technology” will contribute to assistanceand aid for reconstruction overseas in the future.

-79-

NETIS registration No. TH-020042-V

High moisture content mudbank recycling system

Soil

Recycling all the “Construction polluted
sludge”, “Dredge soil”,
and “Soft soil” without
dehydration with using
used paperd Constructio
e
c
nT
n
va

No

logy Center
hno
ec

Good

Certified byAd

Bon Terrain
Construction
Method.1 7

Bon Terrain Committee-80-

0 3 D e c. 2 0 0 5

What is Bon Terrain
Construction Method?
It is the construction method that improve polluted
sludge into earth fill and backfilling material whichhave superior strength property and high durability by
mixing “Bon Fiber” (crushed used paper) and fixationmaterial into high moisture content foundation madbank and fiber solidification treatment of dredged soil
like construction sludge, dredged soil, and soft soil.

①Input high moisture
content foundation madbank and fiber solidification
treatment of dredged soil.

②Input Bon fiber, thenagitate.

③ Add fixation material.

④Aggregated after addinghydro soluble polymer.

⑤Locate improved soil
temporarily, and then recycle.

You do not have to
install dewatering
process and drainage
treatment equipment.

■It is possible to improve 500% of moisture
content like high moisture content foundation
mad bank and fiber solidification treatment ofdredged soil which needed dewatering process.
■It is possible to improve the soil with keeping
high moisture content foundation mad bank andfiber solidification treatment of dredged soil’ swater content. And it does not need to drain
away.
■You do not have to install dewatering process
and drainage treatment equipment.

-81-

Dehydrater

No Discharged water

Drainage treatment
equipment

ture
mad
ation
il.

The chance has come foran environment business.
●This construction method obtained “Construction technology screening certification” from
Advanced Construction Technology Center.
●This construction method was awarded “Construction engineering award” from Japan
Institute of Construction Engineering.
●This construction method was awarded “Minister of land, infrastructure andtransportation award” at “The 6th person of merit for industry-academic-government
combination implementation citation” which was hosted by Cabinet office, the ministry ofInternal affairs and communications, ministry of education, culture, sports, science andtechnology, and ministry of economy, trade and industry.

The feature of Bon Terrain
construction method■It is possible to transport high moisture content foundation mad bank and fiber solidification
treatment of dredged soil (500 of moisture content) promptly just after improvement by adding andmixing hydro soluble polymer.
■All you have to do is install attachment for agitating into backhoe without special equipment.
■Construction will be done in 30minutes for 1 cycle.
■Bon fiber and hydro soluble polymer are produced in proper production process and are safe
products.

Construction name: Urban area water space upgrading project Land creation of Haga pond area / Outline : Improving storage reservor soil
with Bon Terrain and recycling as banking material of Shinsui park-82-

Superior strength character
It is useful to use Bon Terrain as ground material for the earthquake countermeasures which ispersistent to changing in shape because it is bigger uniaxial compression strength and breaking
strain compared with solidification treatment soil.

Superior strength character
Bon Terrain soil

Polarization microscope
pictureBon Terrain soil (fixation treatment soil with fiber)
Soil improved with cement type fixation material

Compression stress

Bon terrain soil holds against changing in shape by starting
barreled change, and deploying of stress through fiber.

Solidification treatment soil

Polarization microscope
pictureCompressive strain

Obvious shear plane comes out, and fixation soil starts local
deformation concentration. After that, it will be broken by small
strain.

Add 100kg/m of cement type fixation material into 150% of moisture content soil

Big breaking strain
Small deformation
coefficient

Persistent property

The material for the earthquake countermeasures
According to repeating triaxial compression exam, it was found that Bon Terrain soil has highdynamic strength. It means that it is hard to be liquefiable compared with solidification treatment
soil because Bon Terrain hardly increase express pore pressure.
Backfilled manholewith mountain sandwas raised byliquefaction byearthquake

Shaft and backfilling of open-cut part by Bon Terrain soil
The year 1999 Suka River public sewer west rainwater arterial , the 3rd construction-83-

Bund breaking by
North Miyagi
earthquake (NaruseRiver, Miyagi pref.)

Bon Terrain reform of soft soil deposited on anti-flood pond. Recycling asbund earth fill material The year 1999 Hamao area embankment construction

Highly durable reformed soil
It is useful to use Bon Terrain reformed soil as the highly durable ground material because it
has high durability to wet-dry repeating by climate condition and freezing and thawing.

Wet-dry repeating test
According to repeating wet dry test, we found that the test piece of solidification treatment soil iscrushed by cracking. However, Bon Terrain showed that it has high durability.
Degree of Soundness

Bon Terrain redormed soil

Cracking

DegreeLack

Outwardly mostly no change
Tiny and local cracking

Local Surface delamination

Partly obvious cracking

Missing part of the test piece

Entirely obvious cracking

Bigger cracking of the test piece

Partly or wholly falling of test piece
Totally falling and crashing of test piece, but it remains
Totally falling and crashing of test piece, but it is massive

After 10 cycle

DegreeTotally falling and crashing of test piece, but it is grain refinning and muddy

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

7th

8th

No change after 10th cycle

Solidification treatment soil

9th 10th

dry wet dry wet dry wet dry wet dry wet dry wet dry wet dry wet dry wet dry wet

crush

Explanatory note
Bon Terrain
Bon Terrain
Solidification treatment
Solidification treatment

After 2 cycle

Wholly crushed after 2nd cycle

Repeating dry and wet test: It is conformed with “Advanced process of construction sludge and Development of usage technique” which the former Ministry of Works Civil engineering Research
worked hand in hand with Advanced Construction technology center and 22 of private companies

Freezing and thawing test
According to the freezing and thawing test, it was found that solidification treatment soil isdecreasing in uniaxial compression strength, however, Bon Terrain showed high durability without
decreasing.
Testing method
Bon Terrainwater content 105%

Curing for 7 days after making
test piece
Single pressure strength

Melting for 12 hours at 21℃ after
freezing for 12 hours at -21℃ (1cycle)
Uniaxial compression test after
0,1,3,5,7,10,15 cycle

Bon Terrainwater content 150%
Solidification treatment
water content 105%
Solidification treatment
water content 150%

Cycle number-84-

Graduate shool of Environmental Studies Tohoku University
Experimental value of Hiroshi Takahashi (Professor) Laboratory

Recycling as low permeability material-5-6

Coefficient of permeability is k=10 ~10 cm/s, Permeability is extremely low and it is under the-5level of k=10 cm/s which indicates water interception that fildam core material demands. It isusefule to use this as superior bund filling because of low permeability and no cracking by
repeating dry and wet test.
BEFORE

Example of construction
Construction name: Ohe area regional water function implementation
business (supplemental equipment and facilities
business) Yakushiga pond leakage prevention
construction
Promoter:Ohe-machi, Nishimurayama-gun, Yamagata Pref.
For the purpose of content securement,
Outline:reinforcement of dam body, and leakage
prevention of the storage reservoir, we improved
deposited sand which into Bon Terrain soil. Then
we recycled as earth fill of dam body.(Overq c = 8 0 0 k N / m2 o f S e c o n d c l a s s i m p r o v e dsoil, ,under 10-6cm/s of coefficient permeability )Chuetsu earthquake caused large
volume of soft soil. But it was improved
Superior Workability Niigata
in-situ, and activating surface compaction. Itmeans that this contributed to prompt disasterrecovery.

Condition of soft soil (around w=100%)

Improving by aggitating In-situ

Forming

No track while driving truck

Truck can drive after 4 hours
from construction
Construction name : Imogawa river channel blockade measurement construction / Promoter : Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism Hokuriku regional development bureau Yuzawa Sabo office-85-Permeability

Factually impermeable Exceptionally low

Available soil

Viscous soil

Low

Microscopic sand, silt
sand - silt - clay mixed soil

Improved deposited sand(k=6.02x10-5 cm/s) in storage
reservoir

MediumHigh

Sand and conglomerate Clean conglomerate

AFTER

New profile
Deposited soil

Old profile

Glass
Glass prevention effect of Bon Terrain soil reduced weeding
using for center divider and road shoulder filling. It
prevention effect byactivated
reducing road maintenance cost.
Just after construction

1 year after construction

Just after construction

1 year after construction

Construction name : The year 1994 primary distributor Tendo-Sagae line street improvement construction
Promoter : Murayama branch, Yamagata Pref.

-86-

-87-

Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CD W)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation
Location
Position :Name/Surname
e-mailTitle
The meclassification

OKUNOKOTOH Co. ,Ltd
1-14-13,Otukacho,Takatsu ki-sh i,Osaka 569-0034 Japan
Vice president
HIROZO OKUNO
hz.okuno@okunokotoh.jp
OKUNOKOTOH Soil improvement technolog y〇 Prevention
Re-use〇Technology
developme nt sta ge
Specific conte nt

RecycleReduce Co2
LegacyBusiness to overseas

Etc.
〇 Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use af ter 2020
- This technology combines excavated soil of different soil properties
with low-appearance excavated soil, which cannot be used as it is, andmixes them by stirring to adjust the particle size and improve thestrength, thereby producing high-quality soil materials.
- It is also possible to add additives at the same time, and it can be
improved to the required quality soil material at low cost andaccording to the application to be used.

Facility configuration:
Sedimen t hopper, lightweigh t conveyor, input conveyor,
universal so il improvement machine,discharge conveyor (solidif yin g mater ial hopper)
Application lo cation:
River embankment fillin g mater ial
Roadbed / road floor filling mater ial,
backfill mater ial,
land section building

Appeal point- Recycling of low-quality excavated soil and contribution to a Sound
Material-Cycle Society.
- Continuous construction and productivity improvement throughmechanization of soil mixing.
- System technology based on computerization of mixed operation
management.

-88-

OKUNOKOTOH

Soil improvement technology

The universal soil improving system for construction surplus soil
The universal soil improving system revives
construction surplus soil to quality soil, by
evenly stirring soil to improve grain size, as
well as by adding hardening agents.
With four mixing chambers, it repeats
shearing, moving, diffusing and mixing,
which can accommodate various size andtypes of soil and clay. This system also
works brilliantly for soil improvement ofsludge.

System scheme

Control by weight measuring
Automatic control from the operation room

4-axis serial mixing method

4-axis serial mixing method-89-

Construction example
Sandy soil

Cohesive soil

Gravelly soil

6

2

2

Water content（％）

13.5

38.2

2.2

Gravel（％）

16.7

0.0

80.6

Sand（％）

62.0

8.7

13.0

Fine-fraction（％）

21.3

91.3

6.4

5753

230

Classification

Preliminary laboratory test

Preliminary soil test data and grain size distribution

Cone index (kN/m2）

Class 1 constructionsurplus soil Class

Soil classification

Class 4 constructionsurplus soil Class－□－ Sandy soil－△－ Cohesive soil－○－ Gravelly soil―
Class 1 constructionsurplus soil Class

Post-mixing soil test data and grain size distribution
Mixed soil
Daily data

Water content（％）

14.8

14.6

Gravel（％）

27.2

29.6

Sand（％）

44.3

48.3

Fine-fraction（％）

28.5

22.1

3277

1800

Class 2 construction-surplus
soil ClassClass 2 construction-surplus
soil ClassClassificationlaboratory test

Laboratory estimated data

Cone index (kN/m2）
Soil classification－□－ Estimated data－△－ Daily data

Case: Recycling of construction surplus soil into mound soil for banks

Super bank construction

Bank reinforcement construction
Conventional banks are built up simply by banking soil; therefore, it may burst when the bank is in a wet
condition with water penetrating it, or the bank surface is scoured.
It is called bank reinforcement to strengthen the conventional bank strength ageinst bursting.
A gentle slope bank is build up by widening the bankcross-section.Increasing the bank cross-section
makes a stable bank that is strong against floods.
This method is used for draining quickly the water
penetrated in the bank to lower the water level, by
replacing soil around the toe of the slope on theriver-back side (residence side) with permeable
materials, such as stones.
p ;ap
point where an area p
protected*Toe of the slope;by levee or a major bed.

Toe of the slope
Sheet pile-90-

Example of system setup (Case of three-kind soils)※An arrangement is possible according to the situation of the site.

Soil A for
mixtureSoil Hopper(A)Operation
room

Generators

A injection
conveyer

A measurement
conveyer(A)Soil mixer

A discharge
conveyer

Mixtureimprovement
soil

Soil testingroom

A measurement
conveyer(C)A measurement
conveyer(B)Soil Hopper(C)Soil Hopper(B)Soil B for
mixtureSoil C for
mixtureCross-section A-A

Specification of system
Standard specification
Equipment nameSoil Hopper ※（With scooping-out device）
A measurement conveyer ※（With measurement device）
A injection conveyer
Soil mixer
A discharge conveyer
Operation room
Generators

Capacity of motor：
Capacity of soil hopper：
Capacity of motor：
Size of belt：
Capacity of motor：
Size of belt：
Capacity of motor：
Size of mixing axis：
Capacity of motor：
Size of belt：
4500×2000×H2390m
250kVA

Technical standard
7.5kw
2㎥
7.5kw
750㎜ width × 10m （Distance between axes）
5.5kw
750㎜ width × 7m （Distance between axes）
22kw×41mφ×1m width（Per axis）
7.5kw
750㎜ width × 10m (Distance between axes）

Intended purpose
Soil slot
Carrying out soil measured
Transporting soil measured
MeasuringTransportation halfway
Mixing soils
Carrying out soil mixed
System control
Power※The number of the soil hoppers and the measurement conveyers changes depending on the number of soils mixed.
The case of three kinds of soils: 3 devices
The case of two kinds of soils: 2 devices

Head office :1-14-13,Otukacho,Takatsuki-shi,Osaka 569-0034
Phone: 072-675-0388 Fax: 072-671-9565

Hyogo office :487,Babasaki,Higashi-honjo,Sanda-shi,Hyogo 669-1357
Phone: 079-568-6375 Fax: 079-568-6378

Kanto office :1078-1,Kamikocho,Omiya-ku,Saitama-shi,Saitama 330-0855
Phone: 048-780-2049 Fax: 048-643-2058

OKUNOKOTOH Co
Co., LTD
LTD.
-91-

Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation
Location
Position:
Name/Surname
e-mailTitle
ThemeclassificationJDC Corporation
4-9-9 Akasaka , Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8466 Japan
Twister Business G, Civil Engineering Department ,Civil Engineering
Division
KENJI OHTSUBO
kenji.ohtsubo@n-kokudo.co.jp
Twister Method(soil improvement device, rotary crushing and mixing method)
Prevention
Re-use〇Technology
development stage〇

RecycleReduce Co2
LegacyBusiness to overseas
Etc.
Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use after 2020

Specific content- The twister method can undertake homogeneous improvement of large
amount of wide-ranging excavated soils generated in the site; soft rocks andconcrete pieces with the diameter of 25 cm or less, clayey soil containing
fine, lump, and high water-containing soils.
This method is the soil improvement technology which consists ofdisentanglement of ground materials by impacting them with several piecesof flexible chains rotating at high speed inside the cylinder as well as
homogeneous mixing with additives. Features are as follows:(1)Wider applicable geological range than conventional(2)Capable of homogeneous mixing of clayey soil lump and clayey soil withhigh water content(3)Capable of crushing of soft rock (grain refining) and grain adjustment(4)Capable of screening wastes, wood chips, and root stocks (with parallel
vibration filter)(5)Plant line-up to cover from small-amount production to mass production
The features realized by the method enables effective utilization of
excavated soils that have been difficult to handle with the conventional
method. About 5.45 million m3 have been utilized successfully for
restoration works in Tohoku disaster-affected areas, disaster stricken areas
and for airport filling project.

Appeal point- High quality and low cost-92-

Twister Method(soil improvement device, rotary crushing and mixing method)

1. What is the technology to recycle the excavated soil by“Twister Method”?
Excavated Soils , such as clayey soil with high moisture content and soil mixed with soft rock,have been difficult to handle according to the conventional method. This new technology can
improve these soils into high-quality banking material, which is dense and easy to compact,
by stirring and mixing them homogeneously.
Utilization of this technology has enabled utilization of wide-variety of excavated soil, which inturn is expected to reduce the work costs and improve the recyclability and quality.
[Applicable public works fields]
1) Banking and embankment works of rivers(Work to reinforce new and existing dykes)
2) Filled-up ground and roadbed reinforcement work during road construction3) Improvement of soil from excavation of structures, and backfilling

2. Outline of the Twister Method
A “Twister Method” consists of crushing and grain refining (shredding) of two or three types of
excavated soils , by means of striking power of multiple flexible chains rotating with high speed
inside the cylinder. This is followed by even dispersion of these soils. This method has enables
simultaneous execution of crushing and mixing.

3. Features of the “Twitter Method”
One machine of the twitter method has the functions of both mixing and crushing.
This method has superior mixing and crushing, shredding performances, which enables mixingof wide-variety of ground materials from clayey soil to rocks.
This method ensures highly effective dispersion of additives and superior stirring
performance.
The left figure shows comparison of the improved-soil quality between this method and manual
mixing. It is evident that improved soil according to this method can attain the required quality
by means of quicklime additive rate similar to the case of manual mixing in the perfectmixing state.

-93-

Case studies of Advanced Construction and Demolition waste(CDW)
Recycling initiatives and technologies In JAPANAffiliation
Location
Position:
Name/Surname

Japan Industrial Waste Management Foundation,e-mailyamawaki@sanpainet.or.jp

Title

Slope stability and bearing capacity of landfills and simple on-sitetest methods
Prevention
Re-useTheme
classification

Technology
development stage

6-1 Kajicho 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0044, Japan.
Waste Resources Management Division
ATSUSHI YAMAWAKI〇〇

RecycleReduce Co2
LegacyBusiness to overseas
Etc.
Practical use
Scheduled to be put into practical use by 2020
Scheduled to be put into practical use after 2020

Specific content- According to the past study, it was grasped that the waste landfills mixed
with plastics, etc. had tensile resistance exerted by fibrous materials such as
plastics, etc. and large frictional resistance caused by engagement of large
and small wastes, etc., and the slope stability was extremely high.
-However, many construction companies believe that such waste landfills
cannot used as be soft. Therefore, It is almost impossible to use it as aground for installing a heavy structure at the disposal site.
- In addition, since the individual size of waste is much larger than that ofsoil, it is difficult to apply the conventional indoor soil test method to thestrength test.
- Against this background, in FY2013-FY2015,with the support of theministry of environment's Subsidy for Promotion of Comprehensive
Environmental Research, We studied the strength characteristics such as the
supporting capacity of waste landfill sites contaminated with plastics etc.
and the mechanical test method etc and clarified basic ground strengthcharacteristics and proposed on site test method.
- In addition, this on site test method was applied to a large-scale waste
slope collapse site in Sri Lanka, and the usefulness was confirmed even inwaste landfills outside Japan.
Appeal point- In August 2017,We participated in "Field Survey for Safety
Assessment of Slope Safety of Waste Disposal Site Meethotamulla Sri
Lanka Country" by the Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA), and provided technical support by this on site test method atthis large scale collapse site.
- We provided the strength data of the waste layer to Sri Lanka ·National Institute for Building Research and provided technology on aseries of strength testing methods.
- Large-scale slope collapse occurs frequently at waste disposal sites
in heavy rain areas such as Southeast Asian countries, and technology
transfer of this on site test method can be expected.

-94-

Slope stability and bearing capacity of landfills and simple on-site test
methods
Atsushi Yamawaki 1 ,Waste Resources Management Division, Japan Industrial Waste Management Foundation, Tokyo,
Japan (Email: yamawaki@sanpainet.or.jp)

This study discusses strength characteristics (slope stability, bearing capacity, etc.) of waste
landfills through on-site tests that were carried out at 29 locations in 19 sites in Japan andthree other countries, and proposes simple methods to test and assess the mechanicalstrength of landfills on site. Also, the possibility of using a landfill site was investigated by afull-scale eccentric loading test. As a result of this, landfills containing more than about 10
cm long plastics or other fibrous materials were found to be resilient and hard to yield. An
on-site full scale test proved that no differential settlement occurs.The repose angle test
proposed as a simple on-site test method has been confirmed to be a good indicator forslope stability assessment. The repose angle test suggested that landfills which have high,near-saturation water content have considerably poorer slope stability. The results of ourrepose angle test and the impact acceleration test were related to the internal friction angle
and the cohesion, respectively. In addition to this, it was found that the air pore volume ratio
measured by an on-site air pore volume ratio test is likely to be related to various strengthparameters.

References
Atsushi Yamawaki, Yoichi Doi and Kiyoshi Omine; Slope stability and bearing capacity oflandfills and simple on-site test methods; Waste Management & Research, vol. 35, Issue 7,
pp.730-738, (2017)-95-