Measures Taken in Construction andDemolition Waste (CDW) Recycling inJapan
Environment and Recycle Planning office,
Policy Planning and Coordination Division for Public Works Project,
Policy Bureau, MLIT, Japan

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

History of dealing with waste in japan(Excretion treatment→Waste treatment→Sound Material-Cycle Society）
Sanitary issues

Public Cleansing Act (1954)

Garbage and excretion were disposed ofby ocean disposal and land disposal
Mosquitoes and fly arise from waste disposal sites→Sanitary control required(since the 1945's)

Pollution issues

Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Act (1971)

Increase in waste volume due to rapid economic growth→Waste treatment by not only municipalities
but also businesses is required.
Construction of incineration plants and landfill sites(since the 1955's)
Environmental andresource issues
Proper treatment and utilization of waste,
More momentum on environmental issues→Proper circulative resource such as recycling
is necessary(since the 1989's)

Recycling law according to the individual waste(1995～～),
Construction Materials Recycling Act (2000)
Basic Act on Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle
Society(2001)-1-1What is a Sound Material-Cycle Society ?
a "Sound Material-Cycle Society" means a society in which the consumption of natural resources will be conserved
and the environmental load will be reduced to the greatest extent possible, by preventing or reducing the generation ofwastes(Basic Act on Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society [promulgated in 2000, enforced in 2001] Article 2)

Production(Manufacturing,distribution etc.)

Priority 1

ReduceConsumption · Use

Priority 3

Priority 2

Recycle

Reuse

Waste
Waste treatment(Recycle,incineration etc.)

Proper disposal

Final disposal(Landfill disposal)

Promotingunifiedgovernment
efforts toward
the formationof a Sound
Material-Cycle
Society

Forming a society in which the amount of
natural resource input is suppressed andthe environmental burden is reduced byproper 3R and proper disposal

The Fundamental Plan for Establishing a Sound
Material-Cycle Society

Natural resource input

2

Generation and disposal of CDW
CDW accounts for approximately 20% of all industrial waste ,and 25% of final disposed amount.
Chemical
11.9 million tons
3.0%
Iron and Steel
28.63 million tons
7.3%
Pulp, Paper,
Paper Products
32.61 million tons
8.3%

Other
55.15 million tons
14.0%

Construction
81.61 million tons
20.8%

approximately 25%

Electricity, gas, heat supply,and water service
101.03 million tons
25.7%

CDW
2.9 million tons

Agriculture, Forestry
81.9 million tons
20.8%

Other industrial waste
7.5 million tons

approximately 20%

Total 392.84 million tons

2.6%

Total 10.4 million tons

Final disposed amount

Generated amount(result in fiscal year 2014; Ministry of Environment）※Other industrial waste; result in fiscal year 2014; Ministry of Environment※CDW; result in fiscal year 2012; MLIT

3-2-System of legislation designed to establish a sound material-cycling society
Environmental Basic Act
Basic Act on Establishinga Sound Material-Cycle Society

Basic framework forEnvironmental issue

Act on Promoting Green Procurement

Fundamental Plan for Establishinga Sound Material-Cycle Society

Waste Disposal andPublic Cleansing Act

Act on the Promotion of
Effective Utilization of Resources

General law on recycling

Regulations
established inaccordance withthe characteristics
of individual type ofwaste

The Basic Environment Plan

Container and Packaging Recycling Act

Sorted by municipalities / Recycling by manufacturer

Home Appliance Recycling Act

Retrieval by retail store / Recycling by manufacturer

Construction Materials Recycling Act

Sorting specific CDW by type at theconstruction/demolition siteand Recycling sorted specific CDW

Food Recycling Act

Recycling by food manufacturing, processing, and distributors

End-of-life Vehicle Recycling Act

Recycling of airbag / shredder dust and destruction of fluorocarbons
by automobile manufacturers

Small Home Appliance Recycling Act

Promotion of recycling of used small electronic devices
such as digital cameras and game machines

4Construction Material Recycling ActUnder the Construction Material Recycling Act, construction contractors of a certain scale or more
were required to sort and recycle specific CDW.
(Established in 2000, enforced in 2002)

Applicable construction works
・demolition work of building : total floor space ≧ 80㎡㎡
・construction work or enlargement work : total floor space ≧ 500㎡㎡
・civil engineering work : contract fee ≧ 5 million yen
・repair work or remodeling : contract fee ≧ 100 million yen
Specific construction materials
concrete, construction material from concrete and iron, wood asphalt concreteObligation to implement
construction contractor
Sorting CDW
Sorting specific CDW by type at the construction /demolition site.
※specific CDW is CDW of specific construction materials

Recycling CDW
Recycling sorted specific CDW※ Recycling is the act of putting it in a state that it can be used as a material or raw
material or making it available for obtaining heat energy by combustion-3-5

Recycling and reduction Rate of CDW
The recycling and reduction rate of CDW steadily rise

100%

98%
96%

90%
Recycling and reduction Rate

80%
70%
60%

81%

83%

98.7% 98.6% 98.4% 99.5%
97.5% 98.1% 97.3% 99.3%
94.4%
89.4%
89.3% 90.7% 85.1% 88.3%
80.1%
85.0%
83.0%
74.5% 78.6%

30%
20%
10%

80％or more
※2 Efficient utilization
rate of excavated soil

68.6%

65%

61%

60％or more

58.2%

50%
40%

99％ or more
99％or more
95％or more
90％or more

41%

40%

39.3%

36.0%

32%
27.7%

14%

Asphalt waste
Concrete waste
Wood waste(reduction included)
Construction sludge(reduction included)
Mixed waste(reduction included)
Soil used construction work

9%

11%

※10%
19952000

2002

2005

2008

2012 Fiscal year

Fiscal 2018 target※1 Rate of soil excavated another construction site of soil used construction site

6Outline of “Construction Recycling Promotion Plan 2014”
7 main themes(1) Set up ways to monitor CDW .
(2) Resolve regional problems.
(3) Work in coordination with other environmental policies.
(4) Be sure to make reducing plans at the design stage.
(5) Be sure to sort waste at construction sites and to carry waste toproper plants.
(6) Make use of CDM.
(7) Make a proper system for recycling construction soil(excavated soil).
10 sub themes(1)Information management and logistics management ,(2) Strengthen cooperation amongrelated parties,(3) Promotion of understanding and participation,(4) Fostering CDW
recycling market,(5) Promotion of technology development etc.(6)Prevention,(7)On-sitesorting,(8)Recycling and reduction ,(9)Appropriate disposal ,(10)Reuse/Use of recycledmaterials
7-4-New themes for the next generation of Construction
Recycling Plan
1. Supply system innovation and Work-style reform AI ⇒ Recycling facilities etc.
 BIG DATA ⇒ “COBRIS( Construction Byproducts Resource Information Interchange System) ““e-Manifests”
 DRONE ⇒ Demolition site patrols in order to ensure theenforcement of Construction Materials Recycling Act etc.

2. Maintenance and renovation era
 How will it change from now?
 What kind, quantity and quality of CDW generated in large quantities?

3. “The Basic Rule on CDW ”
 By the rule ,can’t carry excavated soil over 50 km from an originalsite to another.

4.Promoting use of recycled materials
 Recycling rate of concrete waste is already up to 99%.
⇒ Another index for recycled concrete waste.

8“The Basic Rule on CDW ”
Regardless of any economic reason, you must keep this Basic rule of
CDW recycle in Public Works.
Construction site
Concrete waste
Recycled crusher-run
asphalt waste
Recycled bituminous mixture

wood waste

Obligation to carry
Recycling facilities
Use on site within 40km ※Obligation to carry
Recycling facilities
Use on site within 40km
And 1.5 hour ※Obligation to carry

Recycling facilities

if it is impossible, incinarate
Excavated soil

Obligation to carry within 50km

Another construction site(include private works)

Soil/sandUse on site within 50km ※※Use it on condition that the required quality is satisfied-5-9

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