令和5年度豊橋技術科学大学第3年次入学者選抜学力検査問題

般科目(英言五ロロ意注事項

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試験終了時刻まで退出してはいけません。

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(草稿用紙)〔1]

英文を読み設問に答えよ。
.

If , as the s aying goes ,1es s is ln0工'e ' why do We

humans oveヱ'doSo much?

In a new papeヱξeatuTed on the covex of Nature' univeヱSity
Of vizgin立a zesearchers explain why people zaてely look at aSituation, obづect or idea 七hat needs ilnprovj.ng ‑ in a11 kinds
Ofcontexts‑and think to te狐Ove something as a solution.

Instead, we almost always add some elemenも, whether it helps
Ornot.

The 七ealn' s findings suggest a fundalnenta1 τeason that people
Struggle with ovexwhe1肌ing schedulesf that institutions bog
down in Pヱ0lifezating [ 注 1 ]red tape , and, of paヱticulax interestt0 χ'esearchexs, that humanity

ISexhaustin

thePlanet'S

ヱesoUヱCes.

"lt happenS 土n eng立neering design' which is my main 土nteヱeSも 1"
Sa土d l,e立dy Klotz, copenhavex Associate profess0ヱ

In

theDepart導ent of Engineering systems and Envizonment ."But it also

happens in wxitingl cooking and evezything else

just think

about youT own wozk and you wi11 See it. The first thing that.

Comes to oux minds is, what can we add to make it better. ourPapex shows we do this to oux' detximent, even when the only ヱight.

answer is to subtract . Even with financial incentive l we sti11
don l t think to take away ."Klotzl whose ヱeseaヱCh旦竺R主又ミ旦旦

engineering and behavioral

the.

Sclence ,Ovexlaps
teamedbetweenwiththzee

C011eagues fヱ0ln the Bat之en scho01 0f l,eadershiP 己nd public policy

On the interdisC士Plinary zesearch that shows juS七 how additive
We aze by nature . Batten public policy and psych010gy taC口lty,
ass istant pxofessoT Gabヱie11e Adams and associate Pヱ0fe ss0ヱBenja即in conveヱSe す and fozmer Batten postdoctoral fe110W AndTew
Hales, C011aboxated with Klotz on a seヱ1es ot obsezvat土onal

S七Udies and expeziments to study the phen0魚enon.
When consideTing two bヱ0ad possibilities fol why people
Systemat立Ca11y de fault to add士tion ‑ either they generate ideas

for both pos s ibi1立tj.e s and dispTopoztj.onate ly[注 2] dis card
Subtract立Ve solU七ionsaltogether

Ot

they overlook subttact士Ve ideas

the researcheヱS focused on the lattez.

"Add↓むive ideas

Come

Subt父active ideas Tequize

to m立nd quickly and eaS士ly, but
more

Cognitive effott ず" conveヱSe吾、4→.

央1

‑1◆・圭五ロロ央Saj̲d ."^ People aT'e often moving fast and worki̲ng with thefirst ideas that come to mind, they end up accepting additiveSolutions without conS士der士ng subtヱaction at a11."

The TeseaTchers think there may be a self‑ reinf0ヱCing e ffeCヒ" The moTe o ft en people ヱ'e ly on addit ive s trategies , the more
Cognitively accessible[注 3 ]

they become

AdaTns said ." over t ime

11

the habit of looking ξOT additive ideas may get stronger andStronger, and in the long run, we end up missing out on many
Opportunities to improve セhe w0ヱ1d by subtraction..

Klotz has a book thaヒ takes a wideT view of the topic , subtract

The untapped science of Less , coming out a week atter the Nature

Paper .^ the timing is coinci̲dence , both the papeT' and book
ProduC七SareOftheinterdisciplj̲naヱyandc011aborative

reseaTch enviTonment at uvA, he said .
"ltls

incredibly interesting finding ,anresearch has tτ巳mendous implications.

.

espeC士a11y In englneerlng toImprove

to benef士tSa士d.

human士ty ," Klot z

andacrosslthink

Contexts 1

Our

but

how we design techn010gy{why ouT bTa ins miss oppoTtunit ie s t o imPヱ0ve thTough subtTac t ion f ヱ0m
UniveヱS ity o f viTginia s cho01 0 f 宜nginee Ting and App lied s c ienc e , APτ 7,
2021 by Jennif eT MCManamay . RepToduc ed wi七h pe ヱ'mis sion o f unive ヱS ity o f

ViTginia s cho01 0 f Engine e T ing and App lie d s c ience .より引用).

2︑︑︑3]]]

1︑王主主Pヱ0lifexating "急増させる
dispToportionately =不釣 り合いに,偏って,Cognitively accessible

設問 1

1

本文の内容と致すればTを,致しなければ F を選べ。

According to the new paper , the Tesearchers expla士n why people
always try to2.

認知可能である^Someth士ng as a solution.

removeKlotz conducted

theStudy wj̲ヒhヱesearchers

f士elds.

3Peopletendto.

IgnoreSubtTactive

ideas

fromdiffeTent

2

→→一央

4. Accczding to the new papeヱ, Sub七χact土Ve stzategiesaヱemoreCogn士tively demand土ng .
5.

The findings.

OtKlotz'S

researchCan

Onlybeappliedto.

englneeTlng.

設問2 下線を引 いた語句について,文中の意味に最も近いものをA Dから記号で答えよーつ選ぴ,.

fundamental
A. immediateBD10

C. centヱal2.

tヱUe

B

exhaust士ng

DA . Cヱe at j.ng
C. gatheZ士ng

expl0むes■

A. exa狛lnes
C. interests

OnA.

10okOnC.

10okafteヱ

t x'elnendous
A. undexstandableOn.

ユmlnense

Ii狐itedC.10ng

設問 3

Put ondependBD

5.

Xely

Connects
adventuzesBD4.

dヱainingtixingBD

3.

Only

文中の[三三ヨに入れるべき語として最も適切なものを, A Dからーつ選び,記号で答えよ。
Despite

C.

ButBD

A.

Because

Although

毛五ロロ

3央言吾一4

設問 4

文中の[Σ亘コに入れる べき語として最も適切なものを, A Dからーつ選び,記号で答えよBDAC

Besides

0Although

If
F0 工'

設問 5 本文の要旨として最もふさわしいものをA Dからーつ選び,記号で答えよ。
A.

ReseaTchezs explained how engineering design is S土milar
to writingl cooking and eveヱything else .

B.

Researchezs explained why people tend to minimize their
Choices in decision making .

C .

Res eaてChexs explaj.ned why engineel's should

Us em0ヱe

additive stヱategies to design techn010gy .
D.

Researchers explained why people tend to make changesthヱ0ugh addj.tion instead of subtヱaction .

・→→一央[ 2 ]1.

空所に入れるべき最も適切な語をA Cから選べ。

SheA.

2.

[ニニ11a because she always

Sensible

My ParentsA.

3.

S eelns

B . s ensedaヱe

Iitezacy

A h0む Clilnate

TVA.

5.

6.

.

B.

C0π11nex cia ls
COIRmends.

B .

'extinguishB. extinct

尋C. hungxy

UStobuy ceztaintheVeTgemodeznにコ.

C.

ext士nction■C . coveヱ1ng[ニニニニ1 that nobody noticed yourB . nlode s t

The manageK I^ hel the most ditficult
A . assumedOf

en0工Πious .

Confヱ0nting B. consistingsoB.

assimilatedCI〕.

C . C0璽lmons

PtoblemS 11三1コ the company weT'eaヱe

Iiterate

Produce good ヱice .

Can

Com皿oditj.e sA.

YOUC.

txy to persuadeCUヱχently onThe〔ニヨ.

fertileSpecles lsA.

8.

and 111Σ11コ S oil

TheA.

7

not computer

C. sensitj.ve

B.1iteral

A. fat4.

Shows good 3Udge狐ent

Cachievelnent s .
.

modulated

j ob .
C . as s igned

.

言五ロロ

5

[ 3 ]
1.

空所に入れるべき最も適切な語句をA Cから選べ

I would liketo.

A . repalr

2.

Neithexmybossnor

工に二二1コ happyB.

C .上'epa ired

WiththeC.

a殺Hurヱy up'11^コ youf 11 be late
A. OX

4.

next Monday.

.

B tepalrユng

A. are3.

Iny caz [1^ byhave■

0for theB. andresults.
.

ISIesson.
C. if

I forgot about [ニニ1コ Kumamoto because

thattヱip happenedC.

being visited

twenty yeaてS ago.
A.セ0 visit

5.

B . V立 S iting

Taro E二1コ English for seven yeaヱS bef0χ'e he wenも to chicago
toT a ma stez f s degl'ee .
A, had been leazning
C . was6.

.

hasIeazned

Iearning

Itls no use[1にこ二] what you have done

A. regret

7B .

.

B . regretting

C.

Theze aze [^ Paintj.ngs displayed
A . inteヱest↓ng three oldtoXegTetin the ga11exy .

B . thtee old interes t立ng

C. three intezesting old8.

TOA.

keep exeヱCising
as easy aseveTy

Week

B. aseasy.

ISnot[11に] it appears .
.

C. easlex

五口・・1→一央6央言吾一フ[ 4 ]和文と同じ意味になるように,()内の語を正しく並べ替えて英文を完成させよ。解答は数字で答えよ。

1.,彼女が帰宅すると,私は彼女のために コーヒーを一杯入れてあげた。
When she got home,エ(1.of
5. a

2.

2. CUP

3.coffee

4.heT

6. made ).

英国で 1年間暮らした後,彼はずいぶん上手く英語を話せるようになっていた。
AftezSpending ayear 士n Englandl (1.

We11

3. he4. speak

5. English 6. could)

2.

quite.

3.彼らは全てのゴミを大き な黒いビニール袋にまとめて入れた。
They c011ected a11
3.1ax'ge

4.black

the xubbish ( 1. plastic
5.bag

2.into6.a).

4.彼は 18 歳の誕生日まで投票できない。
He won' t be (1. old 2.his

3.vote5.until

4.enough

6. to ) e ighteenth biヱthday .

5.ジョアンは彼の住所を知らないし, トムも彼の住所を知らない。
Joanne doesnf t know ( 1. Toln
5. his

6. ne ithe 上').

2.does3.and

4.addzess・+→・央聴き取りテスト
英文が2度読まれる。 続いて,その内容についての質問がそれぞれ 2 度読まれる。質問に対する 正しい答えをA Cから選べ。
エ.
1.
A.

Neaxly21000B.

Neaxly7子000

C.

Nearly1,000,000,000

2.

A
FamineBC

工Ocal wars

Climate change

工1.

1.

A.

20 mj.nute s

B.

C.

2I dayI month.

A.

Recharge j.ts batteヱies

B.

Identify its ownerC.

Access the inteヱnet

王工1.

1.

A.

B.

C.

Hi.gh 士nvestment

ιOw reliabilj. ty
Huge.

Slze

2.

A
B
C

151000tlights

221000f1↓ghts

52,000t1土ghts

Costs

言五ロロ

8聴き取りテストスクリプト(このスクリプトは試験実施時には配付されません。試験は音声で行います。)

Passage lThe impact of cliTnate change on the woTld isWide‑ranging.

Txagedies like the Austxalian busht↓res that k立11ed neatly ab土11ion animalS 狐ake headlines, but extてeme weathez conditions aヱeendangering wildlife eveヱywhere. Accozding to the lucN Red l,istl
moTe than l,750 species aヱe endangered because of global wazming.
Of coul'sel cli魚ate change atfects hwrlans too. Extreme weather canruj.n cxops, destroying sma11 faTming c01血Unities and leaving
People without food.1n develoP立ng countヱies, food and wateTShortagesCanCauseStaヱVation, the spreadlng 0ξ disease, andXegional conflicts.
ΩUest士on l: How many specles of animals

areat Z立Sk due to global

Warming?
A. Neazly 2,00O B. Neaヱ1y 7,000

C. Neazly l,000,000,000

ΩUestion 2: wh土Ch of the f0110wing is not caused by food and wateヱSh0ヱtages?
A. Famine

B.エ'ocal

WaヱSC.

Climate change

Passage 2

The fastest‑se11ing entertai1凱ent robot was the first generation
A王Bol made by sony, Japan. lt waS ξirst xeleased on sonyfs website

On May 31,1999, when an incredible 3,ooo units weヱe sold within
the first 20 minutes. when AIBo made j.ts way to AlrLerj.ca on June l,1999, the ヱUsh to buy the ヱ0bot caused the 立nternet seヱVeヱ toCヱash. lt is easy to see why AIBo is so populaヱ. The little xobotic

dog only stops playing when its battezies run Out. lts sensots canヱecognize 土ts sUヱround立ngs and its owneヱ1 and 士t can le己rn tricks.
ΩUestion l: HOW 10ng did cust0如ers in the united states have toWait aftex AIBO

Was released in J己Pan?

A.20 minutes

C.1 month

B.1 dayQuestion 2: which of the f0110wing.

ISセask thatathefiヱStgeneヱation AIBo can peヱ士orm?
A. Rechaヱge its battezies

B.

Identity itsOwneヱ

C. Access the inteznet

Passage 3

A new slnartphone costs $50o and you use it ξ0ヱ a couple of yeal'S.
A new Boeing 747 Costs $320 mi11ion. Equipment in 士ndustries such
asinfrastTUC七Ure (f0工' exaTnple, telec01τ血Unications), deξencef

aeronautics, and lnedicine has to perf0ヱm zeliably for many ye己τSto justify the huge investment costs involved. A 747 hasan'economic design 1立fe objective' of 5210oo flights duTing 20 yeaヱS
Of opelat立on. And it re1↓es on electzon立Cs to make those tlights
Safely and efficiently. Th土S means huge cha11enges f0ヱ electronics
engineers woxking on these projects.
Question l: what feature does

equipment tor induS七Zies suchastelec0難nunicat立ons and medicj.ne have in colr立non?

B.エ.OW Telj.ability

A. High investment costs
C.Huge slze

ΩUestion 2: F0ヱ how long.

ISa Boeing747

designedtoOpeヱate

Teliably?
A.15, ooo flights

B' 22, ooo flights

C.

52, ooo flights