ෘ↢ഭ௛⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄㧔ሶߤ߽ኅᐸ✚ว⎇ⓥ੐ᬺ㧕ಽᜂ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠಽᜂ⺖㗴 㧦 ᅧᆼਛߩࡊࡠ࠹ࠗࡦ 5 ᵴᕈߣਇ⢒∝ߣߩ㑐ଥߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ
⎇ⓥಽᜂ⠪ ᐽ ᧲ᄤ ਻Ꮊᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කቇ⎇ⓥ㒮⥃ᐥᬌᩏකቇᢎ᝼⎇ⓥⷐᣦ㧨⋡⊛㧪ਇ⢒∝ߩ࡝ࠬࠢ࿃ሶߩ 1 ߟߢ޽ࠆⴊᶧಝ࿕⇣Ᏹߩਇ⢒∝ߦ߅ߌࠆ㑐ਈߩ⒟ᐲࠍ
ߘߩ㧔㧝㧕ㆮવሶᄌ⇣ߣ㧔㧞㧕ᵴᕈߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧨ᣇᴺ㧪㧔㧝㧕XΤ࿃ሶ‫ ࡦࠗ࠹ࡠࡊޔ‬C‫ ࡦࠗ࠹ࡠࡊޔ‬S ᵴᕈૐਅ∝଀ߦߟ޿ߡోࠛࠢ࠰ࡦ
ߩㆮવሶᬌᩏࠍⴕߥ߁‫ޕ‬㧔㧞㧕਻Ꮊᄢቇ∛㒮ߢߩ⢝ఽᚑ㐳ㆃᑧ∝଀ 102 ੱߣᱜᏱ಴↥଀ 58 ੱߩᲣⷫߩᅧᆼਛߩࡊࡠ࠹ࠗࡦ S ᵴᕈࠍ᷹ቯ‫ޕ‬㧨⚿ᨐ㧪ㆮવሶ⸃ᨆߦߟ޿ߡߪฦಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ߢ DNA ⹜ᢱࠍ⫾Ⓧਛߢㆮવሶ⸃ᨆ଀ߪ߹ߛߥ޿‫ޕ‬Უⷫߩᅧᆼਛߩࡊࡠ࠹ࠗࡦ S ᵴᕈߪਇ⢒∝∝଀ߢኻᾖ⟲ߦᲧߴఝ૏ߦૐ୯ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧨⚿⺰㧪ᅧᆼਛߩ₪ᓧᕈߩࡊࡠ࠹ࠗࡦ S ᵴᕈߩㆊᐲߩૐਅߣߘࠇߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ⿠ߎࠆߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆⴊᶧಝ࿕ߩㆊᐲߥଦㅴ⁁ᘒߪ‫ޔ‬⢝ఽߩᚑ㐳ㆃᑧߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧭⎇ⓥ⋡⊛ᧄ㇌ߦ߅ߌࠆਇ⢒∝ߩታᘒߪਇ᣿ߢ޽ࠅ‫ߟ߆ޔ‬ਇ⢒∝଀ߦኻߔࠆࠬࠢ࡝࡯࠾ࡦࠣᴺ߿ᴦ≮ᴺߩ⏕┙ߦߪ⥋ߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ࠇߎޕ‬ࠄࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ਇ⢒∝ߩ࡝ࠬࠢ࿃ሶߩᬌ⚝ߣ⹏ଔࠍⴕ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ࠢࠬ࡝ޕ‬࿃ሶߩ  ߟߣߒߡ‫ⴊޔ‬ᶧಝ࿕⇣Ᏹߩ㑐ਈ߇ᒝߊ␜ໂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਇ⢒∝ߦ߅ߌࠆⴊᶧಝ࿕⇣Ᏹߩ㑐ਈߩ⒟ᐲࠍߘߩ㧔㧝㧕ㆮવሶᄌ⇣ߣ㧔㧞㧕ᵴᕈߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣߢ‫'ޔ‬$/ ߦၮߠ޿ߚਇ⢒∝ߩ⸻ᢿ‫ޔ‬ᬌᩏ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ᴦ≮ߦ㑐ߔࠆᜰ㊎ߩ⏕┙ߦነਈߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧮⎇ⓥᣇᴺ
㧔㧕ㆮવሶᄌ⇣⸃ᨆ:Τ࿃ሶ‫ ࡦࠗ࠹ࡠࡊޔ‬%‫ ࡦࠗ࠹ࡠࡊޔ‬5 ᵴᕈᬌᩏߪ৻ᰴࠬࠢ࡝࡯࠾ࡦࠣߣߒߡฦᣉ⸳
ߢోߡⴕߥ޿‫ޔ‬ૐਅ∝଀ߦߟ޿ߡోࠛࠢ࠰ࡦߩㆮવሶᬌᩏࠍⴕߥ߁‫ޕ‬㧕ࡊࡠ࠹ࠗࡦ S ᵴᕈૐਅߣਇ⢒∝ߣߩ㑐ㅪ਻Ꮊᄢቇ∛㒮ߢߩ⢝ఽᚑ㐳ㆃᑧ∝଀ ੱߣᱜᏱ಴↥଀  ੱߩᲣⷫߩᅧᆼਛߩࡊࡠ
࠹ࠗࡦ 5 ᵴᕈߣߘߩㆆ㔌ࡊࡠ࠹ࠗࡦ 5 ⚿วⰮ⊕⾰ߢ޽ࠆ⵬૕࿃ሶ 㨎⚿วⰮ⊕⾰
㧔%$2㧕ߩỚᐲࠍᓟᣇⷞ⊛ߦ⸃ᨆ‫ޕ‬㧔୶ℂ㕙߳ߩ㈩ᘦ㧕⎇ⓥᣇᴺ‫⹜ޔ‬ᢱឭଏදജ⠪ߦኻߔࠆ⺑᣿หᗧ╬‫਻ޔ‬Ꮊᄢቇࠍ฽߻ฦᄢቇ୶ℂᆔຬળߢᛚ⹺ߐࠇߚ⸘↹ߩ߽ߣߢⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧯⎇ⓥ⚿ᨐ㧔㧕ㆮવሶᄌ⇣⸃ᨆ⃻࿷‫ޔ‬ਥછਗ߮ฦಽᜂ⎇ⓥ⠪ߢࠨࡦࡊ࡞߇⫾Ⓧߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᴫߢ‫ᤨ⃻ޔ‬ὐߢㆮવሶᬌᩏࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦ਻Ꮊᄢቇߦㅍࠄࠇߡ߈ߚࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧔㧕ࡊࡠ࠹ࠗࡦ 5 ᵴᕈૐਅߣਇ⢒∝ߣߩ㑐ㅪਇ⢒∝∝଀ߦ߅ߌࠆᅧᆼਛߩࡊࡠ࠹ࠗࡦ
5 ᵴᕈߪኻᾖ଀ߦᲧߴ᦭ᗧߦૐ߆ߞߚ㧔࿑㧝㧕‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ⴊޔ‬ẏ %$2 ߩỚᐲߦ᦭ᗧᏅߪߥ߆ߞߚ㧔࿑ 㧕‫੹ޕ‬࿁∝଀ߢߪో∝଀ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ ࡦࠗ࠹ࡠࡊޔ‬5 ㆮવሶߩࠛࠢ࠰ࡦㇱಽߦߪ⇣Ᏹߪ⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬                            127࿑㧝 ਇ⢒∝∝଀ߣኻ⽎଀ߦ߅ߌࠆࡊࡠ࠹ࠗ
ࡦ 5 ᵴᕈ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᅧᆼਛߦࡊࡠ࠹ࠗࡦ 5ᵴᕈ߇ᷫዋߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߪ⦟ߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬₪ᓧᕈࡊࡠ࠹ࠗࡦ 5 ᰳ៊ߣ߽๭߫ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᅧᆼਛߩࡊࡠ࠹ࠗࡦ 5 ᵴᕈૐਅߪಝ
࿕ᛥ೙♽ߩᛥ೙ࠍㅢߒߡ಴↥ᤨߩ಴ⴊㆊ೾
ࠍ㒐ᱛߔࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢว⋡⊛⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬৻ᣇߢᅧᆼਛߩ⢝⋚ߢߩ㕒⣂ⴊᩖ∝⊒↢ߩ࡝ࠬࠢࠍჇᄢߐߖࠆߣ⸒߁஥㕙ࠍᜬߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㆊᐲߩᵴᕈૐਅߪਇ⢒∝ߩ࡝ࠬࠢߣߥ
ࠆߎߣ߇੍᷹ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࿖┙ᓴⅣེ∛࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩች↰ࠄߪਇ⢒∝ߩ 㧑ߦࡊࡠ࠹ࠗࡦ 5ㆮવሶᄌ⇣߇⷗಴ߐࠇߚߣႎ๔ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔╙  ࿁ᣣᧄⴊᩖᱛⴊቇળቇⴚ㓸ળ‫ޔ‬ᐕ㧕‫ ࡦࠗ࠹ࡠࡊޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬S ᵴᕈૐਅߩ⒟ᐲߣਇ⢒∝ߣߩ㑐ㅪߪචಽߦߪ⺞ߴࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩ⚿ᨐߪ‫ޔ‬ᅧᆼਛߦ߅ߌࠆಝ࿕ᛥ೙♽ߩᓸᅱߥ೙ᓮ߇ᱜᏱߥᅧᆼߩㅴ
ⴕߦ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫߃ߣߚޕ‬ࡊࡠ࠹ࠗࡦ S ㆮવሶߦᄌ⇣߇ߥߊߣ߽‫ޔ‬ᅧᆼਛߩ₪ᓧᕈࡊࡠ࠹ࠗࡦ S ᵴᕈૐਅߩᄌേߩ⚻ㆊⷰኤ߽㊀ⷐߦߥࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧱⚿⺰ਇ⢒∝∝଀ߢߪᅧᆼਛߩᅧᇚߩࡊࡠ࠹ࠗ
ࡦ S ᵴᕈߩᐔဋ୯ߪኻ⽎ߦᲧߴ᦭ᗧߦૐߊ‫ޔ‬ᅧᆼਛߩࡊࡠ࠹ࠗࡦ S ᵴᕈߩㆊᐲߩૐਅߣߘࠇߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ⿠ߎࠆߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆⴊᶧಝ࿕ߩㆊᐲߥଦㅴ⁁ᘒߪ‫ޔ‬⢝ఽߩᚑ㐳ㆃᑧߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧲㧚ஜᐽෂ㒾ᖱႎ  ․ߦߥߒ࿑  ਇ⢒∝∝଀ߣኻ⽎଀ߦ߅ߌࠆ %$2 Ớᐲ㧰⠨ኤⴊᶧಝ࿕೙ᓮ♽࿃ሶߩవᄤ⇣Ᏹߥߤߪⴊᩖᕈ⚛࿃ߣߒߡ⠨߃ࠄࠇ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ᄙߊߩ⎇ⓥ߇Ⓧߺ㊀ߨࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛߢ߽ࡊࡠ࠹
ࠗࡦ 5 ߇ᣣᧄੱࠍ฽߻ࠕࠫࠕ♽ੱ⒳ߦ߅ߌ
ࠆਥⷐߥ࡝ࠬࠢ࿃ሶߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍᚒ‫ࠣߩޘ‬࡞࡯ࡊߪႎ๔ߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙‫ޔ‬ஜᏱੱߢ߽ᷓㇱ㕒⣂ⴊᩖ∝ᖚ⠪ߢ߽‫ ࡦࠗ࠹ࡠࡊޔ‬5 ᵴᕈૐਅࠍ␜ߔഀวߪ᰷☨ੱߩᲧ₸㧔ஜᏱੱߢ⚂ ⴊᩖ∝ᖚ⠪ߢ⚂ 㧕ߦᲧߒߡࠕࠫࠕੱ㧔บḧੱ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ੱ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱ㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ߘࠇߙࠇߦ⚂  ୚㜞޿㧔ஜᏱੱߢ⚂ ⴊᩖ∝ᖚ⠪ߢ⚂ 㧕‫ޕ‬  ਇ⢒∝ߪ⢝⋚ߩᒻᚑਇోࠍ઻߁ᅧᆼߦ߅޿ߡߒ߫ߒ߫⷗ࠄࠇࠆ⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕ‫ޔ‬ⴊᩖᕈ⚛࿃ߣਇ⢒∝ߣߩ㑐ㅪ߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ⴊޔ‬ᩖ⚛࿃ࠍᜬߟ㗫ᐲ߇ਇ⢒∝⚻㛎⠪  ⟲ߢࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞⟲ߦᲧߴఝ૏ߦ㜞޿ߎߣ                         128㧳㧚⎇ⓥ⊒⴫⺰ᢥ⊒⴫ *C[CUJK;;QUJKFC/;COCVQ/
+FG69W<1EJK5JKPFQW/-CPMK6-CPI&5WPCICYC-6UWVUWK*
0CMCPKUJK*4GXGTUGQHCIGFGRGPFGPVOGOQT[KORCKTOGPVCPF
OKVQEJQPFTKCN&0#FCOCIGKPOKETQINKC
D[CPQXGTGZRTGUUKQPQHJWOCPOKVQEJQPFTKCNVTCPUETKRVKQPHCEVQTCKPOKEG,0GWTQUEK*QLQ56UWMKOQTK--KPWMCYC0*CVVQTK5-CPI&*COCUCMK09CMG
0&GETGCUGFOCVGTPCNRTQVGKP5CEVKXKV[KUCUUQEKCVGFYKVJHGVCNITQYVJTGUVTKEVKQP6JTQOD4GU
+UJKOWTC/5CKVQ/1JIC5*QUJKPC6$CDC *7TCVC /-KTC 4
6CMCFC*-WUWJCTC--CPI&*CTC6(WNOKPCPVUGRUKUOGPKPIKVKUFWGVQ*CGOQRJKNWU KPHNWGP\CG KP C RTQVGKP%FGHKEKGPVJGVGTQ\[IQVGVTGCVGFYKVJCEVKXCVGFRTQVGKP%VJGTCR['WT,
2GFKCVTKPRTGUU
1JIC5+FGIWEJK*-CVQ,
+UJKOWTC/6CMCFC**CTCFC0-CYCPCMC**CVVQTK;-CPI&*COCUCMK0*CTC66JTQODQGODQNKEEQORNKECVKQPUKPURNGPGEVQOK\GF
RCVKGPVUYKVJFQOKPCPVN[KPJGTKVGF
DGVCVJCNCUUGOKC#EVC*CGOCVQN

7TCVC/-QIC9CFC;-C[COQTK;
-CPI&2NCVGNGVEQPVCOKPCVKQPECWUGUNCTIGXCTKCVKQPCUYGNNCUQXGTGUVKOCVKQP QH OKVQEJQPFTKCN &0#EQPVGPVQHRGTKRJGTCNDNQQF
OQPQPWENGCTEGNNU#PP%NKP$KQEJGOቇળ⊒⴫ -CPI&(WMWQJ#2TQOQVGTKPFGRGPFGPV40#U[PVJGUKUCEVKXKV[QH
JWOCP OKVQEJQPFTKCN 40# RQN[OGTCUGKVUKORNKECVKQPKPDKCUGF40#
CEEWOWNCVKQPKPOV&0#6JGUGXGPVJ'WTQRGCP/GGVKPIQP/KVQEJQPFTKCN2CVJQNQI[,WPG
5VQEMJQNO5YGFGP +PXKVGFURGCMGT  0CMCOWTC,+DCTCIK;6UWOKVC%
6CPKOWTC6-CPMK6-CPI&/CVUWWTC6''HHGEVUQH
OKVQEJQPFTKCN VTCPUETKRVKQP HCEVQT #QPCIKPIKP&TQUQRJKNC::+PVGTPCVKQPCN%QPITGUUQH)GPGVKEU,WN[$GTNKP)GTOCP[ ጊญ⍮ብ㧘⮮੗㜞ᔒ㧘㒙ㇱ⟵ੱ㧘ᐔ੗ᾖਭ㧘㔍ᵄ໪৻㧘ᐽ᧲ᄤ㧘ựፒ⋥ቁ㧘శጟ⮍ࡅ࠻⿒ⴊ⃿⤑Ⱞ⊕⾰ $CPF ⤑⽾ㅢ࠼ࡔࠗࡦߩᭂૐ᷷㔚ሶ㗼ᓸ㏜᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆ㧚╙  ࿁ᣣᧄ㗼ᓸ㏜ቇળቇⴚ⻠Ṷળ ᐕ  ᦬ ᣣ ᣣ੩ㇺ ᐽ᧲ᄤ㕒⣂ⴊᩖ∝ߣࡊࡠ࠹ࠗࡦ 5 ᄌ⇣㧔ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓᅧᇚߩⴊᩖႧᩖ∝‫ޔ‬᜗ᓙ⻠Ṷ㧕╙  ࿁ᣣᧄ↥ᇚੱ⑼࡮ᣂ↢ఽⴊᶧቇળ ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧙 ᣣ⑔ጟᐽ᧲ᄤ⥃ᐥᬌᩏᛛⴚ⑼ᢎ⢒ߦᦸ߻ߎߣ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ∛㒮ᬌᩏㇱ߇ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ㧔ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ᜗ᓙ⻠Ṷ㧕╙  ࿁⥃ᐥᬌᩏቇᢎ⢒ቇળቇⴚᄢળ ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ⑔ጟ ጊญ⍮ብᑝ᣿ᵗሶ㒙ㇱ⟵ੱᐽ᧲ᄤựፒ⋥ቁ⮮ศᅢೣᐔ੗ᾖਭ
6JGUVTWEVWTGQHJWOCPGT[VJTQE[VGDCPF
 OGODTCPG FQOCKP FGVGTOKPGF D[GNGEVTQPET[UVCNNQITCRJ[ࡅ࠻⿒ⴊ⃿⤑Ⱞ⊕⾰ࡃࡦ࠼  ⤑⽾ㅢ࠼ࡔࠗࡦߩ㔚ሶ✢⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆ╙  ࿁ᣣᧄ↢‛‛ℂቇળᐕળ ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧙 ᣣ⑔ጟ㧚⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩ಴㗿࡮⊓㍳⁁ᴫ․⸵ขᓧ
ߥߒታ↪ᣂ᩺⊓㍳ߥߒߘߩઁߥߒ129⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩೀⴕߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻ⷩ⴫  㔀⹹ ⊒⴫⠪᳁ฬ⺰ᢥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ฬ⊒⴫⹹ฬ*C[CUJK;
4GXGTUGQHCIG;QUJKFC/;COCVQ/ FGRGPFGPV OGOQT[+FG6 KORCKTOGPVCPF
9W< OKVQEJQPFTKCN&0#
1EJK FCOCIGKPOKETQINKC
,0GWTQUEK5JKPFQW/ D[CPQXGTGZRTGUUKQP-CPMK6-CPI& QHJWOCPOKVQEJQPF
5WPCICYC- TKCNVTCPUETKRVKQP
6UWVUWK* HCEVQTCKPOKEG
0CMCPKUJK**QLQ56UWMKOQTK- &GETGCUGFOCVGTPCN-KPWMCYC0 RTQVGKP5CEVKXKV*CVVQTK5KUCUUQEKCVGFYKVJ 6JTQOD4GU
-CPI&HGVCNITQYVJTGUV*COCUCMK0 TKEVKQP
9CMG0+UJKOWTC/5CKVQ/1JIC5  (WNOKPCPVUGRUKU*QUJKPC6 OGPKPIKVKUFWGVQ
$CDC* *CGOQRJKNWUKPHNW
7TCVC/ GP\CGKPCRTQVGKP-KTC4 %FGHKEKGPVJGVGTQ
6CMCFC* \[IQVGVTGCVGFYKVJ-WUWJCTC- CEVKXCVGFRTQVGKP-CPI& %VJGTCR[*CTC6130'WT,
2GFKCVT

1JIC5+FGIWEJK*  6JTQODQGODQNKE
-CVQ, %QORNKECVKQPUKPF+UJKOWTC/
6CMCFC* V5RNGPGEVQOK\GF#EVCS*CTCFC0 2CVKGPVUYKVJ*CGOCVQN
G-CYCPCMC* &QOKPCPVN[*CVVQTK; +PJGTKVGFDGVC
L-CPI& 6JCNCUUGOKC
W*COCUCMK0*CTC6 2NCVGNGVEQPVCOKPCVKQP ECWUGU NCTIGXCTKCVKQPCUYGNN7TCVC/-QIC9CFC; CUQXGTGUVKOCVKQPQH #PP%NKP$KQEJGO
-C[COQTK; OKVQEJQPFTKCN&0#
EQPVGPVQHRGTKRJG
-CPI&TCNDNQQFOQPQPWENGCTEGNNUᏎภࡍ࡯ࠫ಴ ᐕ

KPRTGUU