【Annex 3】 List of dyes that generate specific aromatic amines (Informative)

October 1, 2015

Note: The following list is made with referring to publicly available information on detection of aromatic amines. However, it is considered possible that other dyes than those mentioned
here generate specific aromatic amines.
The name of dyes (color index generic name) means a constituent of dyes available in the market and does not indicate a product name. (It is not recommended to use this material
as a restricted substance list.)
・ More than one number is given in “CAS no.” column, as the numbers used are different depending on the documents.
・ The “generated primary aromatic amines” column is added in this list (updated on October 1, 2015) to indicate the information on the generated primary aromatic amines that was
obtained with mainly referring to color index.
・ The “verification” column indicates the status of verification whether any aromatic amine is generated or not with referring to structural formulas in color index. “Verified”
means completion of verification and “not verified” means no verification is made, because of no mentioning of structural formulas and others.
・ “Added” in the “remarks” column means a dye added this time in the list that has been publicly available.
・ “Not applicable” in the “remarks” column means a dye that has the information on detection of aromatic amine in the name of such dye but does not generate any aromatic
amine with applying structural formula.
The possible reasons include the case that such dye is mixed with other dyes but sold in the same dye name or that any impure substance (unreacted starting materials,intermediate reactants, etc.) is contained.

Dye name (color indexC.I.
generic name)constitution no.
Acid Black 29
Acid Black 94
Acid Black 131
Acid Black 132
Acid Black 209
Acid Black 232
Acid Brown 415
Acid Orange 17
Acid Orange 24
Acid Orange 45
Acid Red 4
Acid Red 5
Acid Red 8
Acid Red 24
Acid Red 26
Acid Red 26:1
Acid Red 26:2
Acid Red 35
Acid Red 73
Acid Red 85
Acid Red 104
Acid Red 114
Acid Red 115
Acid Red 116
Acid Red 119:1
Acid Red 128
Acid Red 135
Acid Red 148
Acid Red 150

30336

CAS no.
12217-14-0
6358-80-1
12219-01-1
12219-02-2
72827-68-0

30334
16020
20170
22195
14710
14905
14900
16140
16150
16151
16152
18065
27290
22245
26420
2363527200
26660
24125
14695
26665
27190

Generated primary aromatic amines

2012
versionpublishedby JTF

1111
1Benzidine, IARC Group 1

Benzidine, IARC Group 1
97199-27-4
52749-23-2
1320-07-6
2429-80-3
5858-39-9
5858-63-9
4787-93-3
5858-30-0
3761-53-3
8004-46-4
8004-47-5
6441-93-6
5413-75-2
3567-65-5
8006-06-2
6459-94-5
6226-80-8
6245-62-1
90880-75-4
6548-30-7
5858-37-7
6300-53-4
6226-78-4

12,4-Xylidine, IARC Group 3 or 2,6-Xylidine, IARC Group 2
2,4-Xylidine, IARC Group 3 or 2,6-Xylidine, IARC Group 2Benzidine, IARC Group 1o-Anisidine, IARC Group 2B
o-Anisidine, IARC Group 2B
2,4-Xylidine, IARC Group 3o-Toluidine, IARC Group 12,4-Xylidine, IARC Group 32,4-Xylidine, IARC Group 3 and o-Anisidine, IARC Group
2,4-Xylidine, IARC Group 3 or 2,6-Xylidine, IARC Group 2o-Toluidine, IARC Group 14-Aminoazobenzene, IARC Group 2B
Benzidine, IARC Group 1o-Aminoazotoluene, IARC Group 2B
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B
o-Aminoazotoluene, IARC Group 2B
3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B
2,4-Xylidine, IARC Group 3o-Aminoazotoluene, IARC Group 2B
o-Aminoazotoluene, IARC Group 2B

111111111111111Ecolabel

SCCNFP

Verification

11111111111111111111111111111

Table 1
Table 1
Table 3
Table 3
Table 1
Table 1
Table 3
Table 5
Table 5
Table 1
Table 3
Table 3
Table 5
Table 1
Table 5
Table 5
Table 5
Table 1
Table 3
Table 1
Table 1
Table 1
Table 1
Table 3
Table 1
Table 1Table 5
Table 1
Table 3

Not verified

Remarks

VerifiedNot verified
Not verified
Not verified

Verified

Added

Not verified

Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified

Added

Not verified

Added

Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified

Added

Added
Added
Added

Added

Acid Red 158
Acid Red 167
Acid Red 170
Acid Red 264
Acid Red 265
Acid Red 323
Acid Red 420
Acid Violet 12
Basic Brown 2

20530
27210
18133
18129
22238
18075
21030

Basic Brown 421010

Basic Orange 111320

Basic Red 42
Basic Red 76

12245

Basic Red 111

284240

Basic Red 114
Basic Yellow 82
Basic Yellow 103

8004-55-5,
12239-89-3
619901-41-5
6226-81-9
6505-96-0
6358-43-6
6358-34-5
6625-46-3
6358-83-4
5421-66-9,
8005-78-5

2,4-Xylidine, IARC Group 3
o-Anisidine, IARC Group 2B
o-Toluidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1

1

Table 1

Verified1111
1

Table 1
Table 5
Table 3
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 3
Table 2

Not verified

Table 1

Verifiedo-Anisidine, IARC Group 2B
No.8 2,4-Diaminoanisole, IARC Group 2B111111Toluylendiamine, IARC Group 2B

14438-16-8
12221-66-8
68391-30-0
113741-92-7,
118658-98-3

130245

Direct Black 931565

Direct Black 15
Direct Black 29
Direct Black 38
Direct Black 91
Direct Black 114

22620
22580
30235
30400

Direct Black 154

303865

Direct Blue 124410

Direct Blue 2
Direct Blue 32259023705

Direct Blue 622610

Direct Blue 8
Direct Blue 9
Direct Blue 10
Direct Blue 14
Direct Blue 15
Direct Blue 16
Direct Blue 19
Direct Blue 21
Direct Blue 22

24140
24155
24340
23850
24400
22475
22485
23710
34280

Direct Blue 25

23790

Direct Blue 26
Direct Blue 35
Direct Blue 48
Direct Blue 49
Direct Blue 53

31930
24145
22565
22540
238602429-83-6,25156-49-4

11
1o-Anisidine, IARC Group 2B
4-Aminoazobenzene, IARC Group 2B

171872-38-3

Direct Black 4

11Benzidine, IARC Group 1

1Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified

Notapplicable
Added

Not verified

Verified
Verified

Verified

1
1

Table 3
Table 3

Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B

111
1
1

3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B

Verified

1

Table 3

Verified1
1
1

Table 3
Table 3
Table 1

Not verified

1

Table 1

VerifiedNot verified
Not verified

11Table 2
Table 1
Table 1

11Table 1

Verified3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B

1

1Table 1

Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 1
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B

1111Table 1
Table 1

Verified
Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 1

11Table 1

Verified3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B
3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B
3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B
3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B
3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B

111111111111111

Table 1
Table 1
Table 1
Table 1
Table 1
Table 2
Table 2
Table 1
Table 1

Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B

1

1

Table 1

Verified3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B
3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B

111
11

Table 2
Table 1
Table 2
Table 2
Table 2

Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified2

Not
applicable

Synthetic
toluylendiamine, IARC
Group 2B

Added

Added
Added
Added

Verified
Verified
Verified
VerifiedNot verified

1

Synthetic
toluylendiamine, IARC
Group 2B

Not verified

1
6426-75-1
3626-23-1
1937-37-7
6739-62-4
61703-05-7
37372-50-2,
54804-85-2
2610-05-1,
3814-14-3
2429-73-4
2429-72-3
2602-46,2602-46-2
2429-71-2
6428-98-4
4198-19-0
72-57-1
2429-74-5
6426-66-0
6426-68-2
6420-09-3
2586-57-4
2150-54-1,
25180-27-27082-31-7
6473-33-2
6459-89-8
6426-73-9
314-13-6

Not
applicable

AddedDirect Blue 58
Direct Blue 64
Direct Blue 76
Direct Blue 80
Direct Blue 90

22490
22595
24411
24315
2315606426-69-3
6426-74-0
16143-79-6
12222-00-3
12217-56-0

Direct Blue 98
Direct Blue 100
Direct Blue 116

23155

Direct Blue 151

24175

6656-03-7
61814-75-3
6227-23-2
6449-35-0,110735-25-6
61724-73-0
12222-02-5
12235-72-2
6426-76-2
61373-80-6
159202-76-3
60800-55-7
6771-80-5,
6771-80-8
28407-37-6
71838-46-5
6527-65-7
6420-22-027980

Direct Blue 156
Direct Blue 160
Direct Blue 173
Direct Blue 177
Direct Blue 191
Direct Blue 192
Direct Blue 20151300

Direct Blue 21524415

Direct Blue 218
Direct Blue 224
Direct Blue 230
Direct Blue 295
Direct Blue 306
Direct Brown 1
Direct Brown 1:224401

Direct Brown 2

22311

Direct Brown 6

30140

22625

22455
23820
24203
30045
30110

Direct Brown 25

36030

Direct Brown 2731725

Direct Brown 3135660

Direct Brown 33
Direct Brown 51
Direct Brown 56
Direct Brown 58
Direct Brown 59
Direct Brown 60
Direct Brown 74
Direct Brown 79
Direct Brown 86
Direct Brown 95
Direct Brown 101
Direct Brown 111
Direct Brown 154
Direct Brown 165
Direct Brown 200
Direct Brown 222
Direct Brown 223

35520
31710
22040
22340
22345
22325
36300
30050
22030
30145
31740
30120
22045
30368

3811-71-0
2586-58-5
2429-82-5,
25255-06-5
2893-80-3,
25180-39-6
33363-87-0
6360-29-8,
6360-59-8
2429-81-4,
25180-41-0
1324-87-4
4623-91-0
6486-31-3
6426-59-1
6247-51-4
6426-57-9
8014-91-3
6483-77-8
6486-30-2
16071-86-6
3626-29-7
12222-20-7
6360-54-9
6486-32-4
12222-26-3
64743-15-3
76930-14-8

Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B
3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B

1111
1

Table 2
Table 2
1

Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified11

VerifiedNot verified

1

Table 5

1

Table 1

Verified3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B

1

1
1Benzidine, IARC Group 1

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1

Table 1
Table 1

Not verified

3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B

1

1

Table 1

Verified3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B

1
11
1

Table 1
Table 1
Table 2

Verified

Notapplicable

VerifiedNot verified

1
1

Verified
Verified
VerifiedVerified
Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 111

Table 1

Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 1

11

Table 1

Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 111

Table 1

Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 111Table 1

Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 111

Table 1

Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 111111111111111111111

Table 1
Table 1
Table 2
Table 2
Table 1
Table 2
Table 1
Table 1
Table 2
Table 1
Table 1

Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified

1Table 1

11

Table 1
Table 13,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B

3

Not
applicable

Verified

Table 2
Table 1
Table 1
Table 1
Table 1

Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1

Added

Not verified
Not verified
Not verified

111
1Benzidine, IARC Group 1
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B
3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B
Benzidine, IARC Group 1Benzidine, IARC Group 1

NotapplicableNot
applicable

Verified

111

Added

Not verified

Verified
VerifiedNot verified

VerifiedNot verified

Added

NotapplicableDirect Brown 230
Direct Green 1
Direct Green 63028030295

Direct Green 830315

Direct Green 8:1
Direct Green 21
Direct Green 21:1
Direct Green 60
Direct Green 85
Direct Orange 1
Direct Orange 2
Direct Orange 6
Direct Orange 7

22315
30387
22430
2238023375
23380

Direct Orange 822130

Direct Orange 10
Direct Orange 25
Direct Orange 33
Direct Orange 72
Direct Orange 101
Direct Orange 108

23370
22135
22385
29058
22190
29173

Direct Red 122310

Direct Red 2
Direct Red 7

23500
24100

Direct Red 1022145

Direct Red 1322155

Direct Red 17
Direct Red 1822150
22280

Direct Red 2123560

Direct Red 22
Direct Red 24
Direct Red 26
Direct Red 28
Direct Red 29
Direct Red 33
Direct Red 37
Direct Red 39
Direct Red 42
Direct Red 43
Direct Red 44
Direct Red 46
Direct Red 52
Direct Red 59
Direct Red 60
Direct Red 62
Direct Red 67
Direct Red 72
Direct Red 74
Direct Red 88
Direct Red 126

23565
29185
29190
22120
22305
22306
22240
23630
22180
22205
22500
23050
22290
22420
22200
29175
23505
29200
22170
22360
17785

3626-28-6
4335-09-5
5422-17-3,
25180-47-6
76012-70-9
8003-52-9
6426-56-8
72390-60-4
6459-87-6
8005-97-86637-88-3
2868-76-0
2429-79-0,
64083-59-6
6405-94-3
6486-43-7
12217-64-0
6528-39-8
6358-79-8
2429-84-7,
25188-24-3
992-59-6
2868-75-9
2429-70-1,
25188-29-8
1937-35-5,
25188-30-1
2769-07-5
6548-26-1
1645-78-9,
6406-01-5
6448-80-2
6420-44-6
3687-80-7
573-58-0
6426-54-6
6253-15-2
3530-19-6
6358-29-8
6548-39-6
6486-50-6
6548-29-4
2302-97-8
6797-93-9
6655-94-3
6486-49-3
6420-43-5
6598-56-7
8005-64-9
8003-75-6
6459-86-5
6369-36-4Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 111111Table 1
Table 1

Verified
Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 1

11Table 1

VerifiedNot verified

Not verified

1Benzidine, IARC Group 1
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B

1111111
1Table 1
Table 2
Table 2
Table 2
Table 1
Table 2
Table 2
Table 1
Table 1

Benzidine, IARC Group 1

11Table 1

Verified3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1

1

Table 1
Table 2
Table 2

Verified
Verified
Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 1
o-Toluidine, IARC Group 11111111

Table 2
Table 1

Verified
Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 1

1

1

Table 1

Verified3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B
3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B

111
1

Table 1
Table 1

Verified
Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 1

11

Table 1

Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 1

1

1

Table 1

Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1

111

Table 1
Table 2Verified
Verified3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B

11Table 1

Verified3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B
o-Anisidine, IARC Group 2B
o-Anisidine, IARC Group 2B
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
No.10 3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine, IARC Group 2B
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
o-Toluidine, IARC Group 1
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2Bo-Toluidine, IARC Group 1 and o-Anisidine, IARC Group
Benzidine, IARC Group 1Benzidine, IARC Group 12,4-Xylidine, IARC Group 3111111111111111111111111

Table 1
Table 3
Table 3
Table 1
Table 2
Table 2
Table 1
Table 1
Table 2
Table 2
Table 1
Table 1
Table 2
Table 2
Table 2
Table 1
Table 1
Table 3
Table 2
Table 2
Table 5

Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 1

4VerifiedNot verified

Added

Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
VerifiedNotapplicable

Verified

11111111Added

Direct Red 168
Direct Red 216
Direct Red 264

195751781529187

Direct Violet 122570

Direct Violet 3
Direct Violet 4
Direct Violet 9
Direct Violet 12
Direct Violet 13
Direct Violet 14
Direct Violet 17
Direct Violet 2122445
22555
27885
22550
24080
29105
22465
23520

Direct Violet 2222480

Direct Violet 27
Direct Violet 36
Direct Violet 38
Direct Violet 42
Direct Violet 43
Direct Violet 45
Direct Violet 85
Direct Violet 88
Direct Yellow 1
Direct Yellow 20
Direct Yellow 24
Direct Yellow 48
Direct Yellow 68
Direct Yellow 95
Disperse Orange 60

22460
22470
22630
22450
22440
22510
22520
22046
22250
22410
22010
23660

Disperse Orange 149
Disperse Red 151
Disperse Red 221
Disperse Yellow 7
Disperse Yellow 23
Disperse Yellow 56
Disperse Yellow 218

26130

Solvent Orange 7

12140

Solvent Red 19
Solvent Red 23
Mordant Yellow 16
Mordant Red 57

26050
26100
25100

Referable information[As of October 1, 2015]

26090
26070
2615506404-53-1
8004-49-7
2586-60-9,25188-44-7
6507-83-1
6472-95-3
6227-14-1
2429-75-6
13478-92-7
6420-38-8
6426-65-9
6470-45-7
6426-67-1,
25329-82-2
6426-64-8
6472-94-2
6426-77-3
6459-88-7
6426-63-7
6426-72-8
6507-84-2
6358-33-4
6472-91-9
6426-62-6
6486-29-9
6459-97-8
61725-07-3
61703-10-4
12270-44-9
85136-74-4,
85136-74-9,
151126-94-2
61968-47-6
64426-35-3
6300-37-4
6250-22-3
54077-16-6
83929-90-2
3118-98-2,
3118-98-6
6368-72-5
85-86-98003-87-0
12262-42-9

2,4-Xylidine, IARC Group 3
2,4-Xylidine, IARC Group 3 or 2,6-Xylidine, IARC Group 2
2,4-Xylidine, IARC Group 3Benzidine, IARC Group 1

1Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 11111111

Table 5
Table 5
Table 5

Verified
Verified
Verified

1Table 1

Verified

1Table 2
Table 1

Verified
VerifiedNotapplicable

Verified

11

1

Table 1
Table 1
Table 5
Table 2
Table 1

Benzidine, IARC Group 1

11

Table 1

Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
Benzidine, IARC Group 1
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B

1111111111111
1

Table 2
Table 2
Table 2
Table 2
Table 2
Table 2
Table 2

Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified

Benzidine, IARC Group 1
3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine, IARC Group 2B
2,4-Xylidine, IARC Group 3Benzidine, IARC Group 1
3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine, IARC Group 2B

Added
Added
Added

11111
1

Table 1
Table 2
Table 1
Table 1

Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified
Verified

Added
Added

Not verified
Not verified

1

Table 1

Not verified

11

Table 3

Not verified

4-Aminoazobenzene, IARC Group 2B

14-Aminoazobenzene, IARC Group 2B
4-Aminoazobenzene, IARC Group 2B
4-Aminoazobenzene, IARC Group 2B

Table 3
Table 1
Table 3
Table 3
Table 3
Table 1

Verified

1
11

1
11
1
1
12,4-Xylidine, IARC Group 3

1

Table 54-Aminoazobenzene, IARC Group 2B
4-Aminoazobenzene, IARC Group 2B
4,4’-Thioianiline, IARC Group 2B

1
1

Table 3
Table 3
Table 1
Table 1

Added

Notapplicable

Verified
Verified
Verified
VerifiedNot verified

Verified
Verified
VerifiedNot verified

Added

Added
Added

(1) Names of dyes are found in the 2014 version of the EU Eco Label Textile Restricted Substance List.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014D0350&from=EN(2) A wide range of names of azo colorants and their generated primary aromatic amines can be found in "The safety review of the use of certain azo-dyes incosmetic products by the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-food Products Intended for Consumers, adopted by the SCCNFP during the 19th
plenary meeting of 27 February, 2002".
http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/sccp/documents/out155_en.pdf(3) Information on azo pigments is publicly disclosed by ETAD.
http://www.etad.com/lang-en/publications/information-notices.html?start=55

(4) (Informative) Names of dyes that generate primary aromatic amines are found in the 2014 controlled substances list of Levi Strauss & Co.
http://levistrauss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/July-2014-RSL-English.pdf(5) (Informative) Names of dyes that generate primary aromatic amines are found in the 2014 Azo Dyes and Pigments: Banned Arylamines of Marks and Spencer
http://levistrauss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/July-2014-RSL-English.pdf

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