Wave 2 Research ﬁndings, June 2023

DigitalWell-Being Index

Presentation deck

0/00/2023

Methodology
United Kingdom
Germany

FranceUnited States

9,010 interviews across six countries
Teens 13-17, N = 3006
Young adults 18-24, N = 3002
Parents of 13-19, N = 3002

India

Australia

12-minute, online survey
Interviews conducted April 28- May 23, 2023

Snap conﬁdential | 2

1. Digital Well-Being Index was 62, unchanged from 2022
2. Teens 13-17 experienced more risks in 2023

Highlights
fromYear Two2023

3. Intimate imagery is ubiquitous, and often spreads beyond intended recipients
4. One in four catﬁshing or hacking incidents involved extortion
5. Parents found it a challenge to monitor their children’s online activities

Snap conﬁdential | 3

1. Digital Well-Being Index was 62, unchanged from 2022

POSITIVE EMOTION, 12
ACHIEVEMENT, 13

ENGAGEMENT, 14

NEGATIVE EMOTION, 11
RELATIONSHIPS, 13

DWBI scores range from 0-100, Individual dimensions range from 0-20, sum of dimensions won’t add to 62 due to rounding

Snap conﬁdential | 4

2. Teens 13-17 experienced more risks in 2023

+4

+3

Parents reported what they
believed their children experienced
Base: Ages 13-24, N=6008
Snap conﬁdential | 5

3. Intimate imagery had a strong presence and often spread beyond intended recipients57%
were involved with intimate
or suggestive imagery in thepast 3 months*

33%
reported intimate imagery
spread beyond theintended recipient- 48% received intimate orsuggestive imagery- 44% were asked for intimate orsuggestive imagery- 23% shared or distributed
intimate or suggestive imagery*Happened to me and or a friend past 3 months
Snap conﬁdential | 6

4. One in four catﬁshing or hacking incidents involved extortion

51%

Experienced catﬁshing*47%
35

Had social media accounts
or devices hacked*

Extortion
Threatened withrelease of intimate
imagery, or personal
information

26% who were
catﬁshed were
threatened

25% who were
hacked were
threatened

Response to thethreat92% acted in
response to thethreat* Happened to me and or a friend everSnap conﬁdential | 7

5. Parents found it a challenge to keep up with their teen’s online activities

59%

50%

Teens 13-17 wereless likely to seek
help after they
had experienced
a risk down
5-pts. from 64%

Parents were unsure
about the best ways
to actively monitor
their children’s
online activities(agree a little, a lot,completely)

43% 11pts
Parents were lesslikely to agree a lotor completely withthe statement, “Itrust my child toact responsibly
online and don't
feel the need toactively monitor
them,” down
6-pts. from 49%

How muchparents
underestimatedtheir teens
exposure to
intimate orsuggestive
imagery

Snap conﬁdential | 8

1.
Digital Well-Being
Index was 62,
unchanged from2022
Snap conﬁdential | 9

1 | DIGITAL WELL-BEING INDEX

Slight shift of 2-pts. from Thriving to Middling since 2022
DWB group

Description

Flourishing(Very high)Extremely positive – rate
everything at the top end of thescale.

Thriving(High)

Average top two box across thedimensions- may not be top
box on everything but
experiences overall are very
positive

Middling(Medium)“Mid range” in their evaluations.
Mix of good and bad ratings.
Everything’s not rosy

Struggling(Low)

Rate all dimensions on the low
end of the scale (1-3 range).
Consistently encounter
negative experiences andoutcomes

Snap conﬁdential | 10

1 | DIGITAL WELL-BEING INDEX

Relationships with DWBI

Risk

-

SupportassetsCatﬁshing-+/=Socialmedia

HackedIntimate
imageryLifesatisfaction

+

+

Risk
taking=Snap conﬁdential | 11

1 | DIGITAL WELL-BEING INDEX

Comparison between Struggling & Flourishing proﬁlesBase: ages 13-24

Struggling

Flourishing

DWBI score

37

84

Support assets (9-12)

7%

60%

Life satisfaction online (very high)

2%

70%

Experienced a risk past 3 months

83%

71%

Intimate imagery exposure (asked, received, sent)

53%

35%

Exposure to catﬁshing (happened to me)

43%

32%

Social media account or device hacked

35%

25%

Risk taking (high)

31%

35%

Snap conﬁdential | 12

2.
Teens 13-17
experienced
more risks in
2023
Snap conﬁdential | 13

2 | RISKS

Overall risk proﬁle was largely unchanged since 2022

Non-personal risks(Unwanted contact, Fakenews) and Threatening
behavior each rose by
2-pts. YoY. All other risk
categories held steadySnap conﬁdential | 14
Q5. Which, if any, of the following have happened to you personally ONLINE, on any electronic device during the past three months?

2 | RISKS

Risk exposure jumped 6-pts. for teens 16-17

More fake news/misinformation (+5), andunwanted contact (+3) propelled risk
exposure higher for teens 16-17
Teens 13-15 experienced a 5-pt. increase in
online bullying and harassment
Young adults 18-24 reported more net
threatening behavior (+4) with all forms ofthat risk more common in 2023. Unwanted
contact increased too, rising (+3)

Snap conﬁdential | 15
Q5. Which, if any, of the following have happened to you personally ONLINE, on any electronic device during the past three months?

2 | RISKS

Support assets dropped, especially for teens 13-17
Teens who said they had 9-12 assets fell 12-pts. Conversely, those reporting 0-4 assets rose 7-pts.

8-pt.
drop

Base: Ages 13-24, N=6008
Q26. How true is each statement for you personally?

12-pt. drop

4-pt. drop

Snap conﬁdential | 16

3.
Intimate imagery is
ubiquitous, and often
spreads beyond
intended recipients
Snap conﬁdential | 17

3 | INTIMATE IMAGERY

54% of young adults were recently involved with intimate imagery
This was close to twice the incidence among teens

Those who shared imagery are likely
underreported since those who
received imagery is 3x higher

Base: Ages 13-24, N=6008
QDS1_1-6: Users are often asked or encouraged to share intimate images/videos online both by people they know in real life and with people they meet online. Have any of the following happened toSnap conﬁdential | 18

3 | INTIMATE IMAGERY

Feeling uncomfortable was a primary reason for not sharing images

Young adults were moreconcerned about futureconsequences

Teens worried more about
their parents ﬁnding out

Base: Ages 13-24 who didn’t share intimate imagery in last 3 months,
N=5264
QDS2: Why have you not shared any intimate imagery (i.e., photos or videos) with others online during the past 3 months?

Snap conﬁdential | 19

3 | INTIMATE IMAGERY

Intimate or suggestive images wereprimarily shared with real life friends, but
often can be spread more widely

73% 44% 34% 33% 31%
Sent to aperson theyknew in real life

Sent to a person
they knew inonline only

Sent tosomeone who
misrepresented
who they were

Images wereshared beyond
the original
personPosted images
to make money

Base: Ages 13-24 who ever shared or distributed intimate images, N=1612

QDS3: Who did you share intimate or suggestive pictures/videos with?
QD3a: Did you ever post intimate or suggestive pictures/videos online with the goal of making money?
QDS3b: Did you ever send intimate or suggestive pictures/videos to someone online then later ﬁnd out the person was not who they claimed to be/not who you thought they were?
QDS3c: Have your intimate or suggestive pictures/videos ever been posted/shared more widely (i.e., beyond who you initially intended to see them)?

Snap conﬁdential | 20

3 | INTIMATE IMAGERY

44% shared intimate images with online contacts

Teens were slightly more likely toshare with online contacts

Base: Ages 13-24 who ever shared or distributed intimate images, N=1612

Snap conﬁdential | 21
QDS3: Who did you share intimate or suggestive pictures/videos with?

3 | INTIMATE IMAGERY

34% lost control of intimate images through catﬁshingBase: Ages 13-24 who ever shared or distributed intimate images, N=1612
Snap conﬁdential | 22
QDS3b: Did you ever send intimate or suggestive pictures/videos to someone online then later ﬁnd out the person was not who they claimed to be/not who you thought they were?

3 | INTIMATE IMAGERY

33% had intimate images passed beyond the original recipient

Base: Ages 13-24 who ever shared or distributed intimate images, N=1612
Snap conﬁdential | 23
QDS3c: Have your intimate or suggestive pictures/videos ever been posted/shared more widely (i.e., beyond who you initially intended to see them)?

3 | INTIMATE IMAGERY

Younger teens were the most likely to lose control over intimate images

Catﬁshing

Passed beyond
35 originaltherecipient
Base: Ages 13-24 who ever shared or distributed intimate images, N=1612

QDS3b: Did you ever send intimate or suggestive pictures/videos to someone online then later ﬁnd out the person was not who they claimed to be/not who you thought they were?
QDS3c: Have your intimate or suggestive pictures/videos ever been posted/shared more widely (i.e., beyond who you initially intended to see them)?

Snap conﬁdential | 24

3 | INTIMATE IMAGERY

1 in 3 who shared intimate images said they posted to make money

Base: Ages 13-24 who ever shared or distributed intimate images, N=1612
Snap conﬁdential | 25
QD3a: Did you ever post intimate or suggestive pictures/videos online with the goal of making money?

4.
One in four catﬁshingor hacking incidents
involved extortion
Snap conﬁdential | 26

4 | CATFISHING, HACKING

65% reported they or a friend had been catﬁshed and or hacked

CatﬁshingSocial media accounts
or devices hacked
Snap conﬁdential | 27

4 | CATFISHING, HACKING

51% reported they or a friend had ever been catﬁshed
Nearly half (47%) said it happened to me in the past 3 months

Ever had interactions online withsomeone who was pretending tobe someone they were not

How catﬁshing incidents unfolded…
Asked to share
SharedBase: Ages 13-24, N=6008

Threatened

Acted

Base: Ages 13-24, who were catﬁshed, me and or a friend, N=3076

Q27_1-2: Have you or a friend ever had interactions online with someone who was pretending to be someone they were not?
Q27a: Did this person ever ask you or a friend to share any of the following?
Q27b: After being asked, did you or a friend ever share any of these things?
Q27c_1-2: Did this person ever threaten to release what you or a friend shared unless you did what they asked?
Q27e: What actions did you or a friend take in response to the threat?

Snap conﬁdential | 28

4 | CATFISHING, HACKING

Personal identity information & intimate
photos were asked for the most
Percentage that was asked
to share something
39% Shared intimate imagery (net)

Base: Ages 13-24, who were catﬁshed, me and or a friend, N=3076

Snap conﬁdential | 29
Q27a: Did this person ever ask you or a friend to share any of the following? (multiple responses allowed)

4 | CATFISHING, HACKING

38% did not share any intimate imagery or personal information
Percentage that shared something

31% Shared intimate imagery (net)

Base: Ages 13-24, who were catﬁshed, me and or a friend, N=3076

Snap conﬁdential | 30
Q27b: After being asked, did you or a friend ever share any of these things? (multiple responses allowed)

4 | CATFISHING, HACKING

Catﬁshing imposed a heavy emotional toll

Teen boys lost self-esteem more
often than teen girls (23% vs. 17%)

Base: Ages 13-24 who had interactions online with someone who was pretending to be someone they were not, N=2247
Snap conﬁdential | 31
Q27: How did it make you feel when you discovered you’d been interacting online with someone pretending to be someone else?

4 | CATFISHING, HACKING

Demands of a sexual or ﬁnancial nature were the most common
Percentage who were threatened after
sharing something

Base: Ages 13-24, who were catﬁshed, me and or a friend, N=3076

Q27c_1, 2: Did this person ever threaten to release what you or a friend shared unless you did what they asked?
Q27d. What did they demand or ask of you or a friend in order to keep your information private? (multiple responses allowed)

Snap conﬁdential | 32

4 | CATFISHING, HACKING

Over half asked for help and or reported the incident

1 in 6 met the demand, but
most also took action against
the threat

Base: Ages 13-24, who were threatened, me and or a friend, N=806
Snap conﬁdential | 33
Q27e: What actions did you or a friend take in response to the threat? (multiple responses allowed)

4 | CATFISHING, HACKING

47% reported they or a friend had been hacked
Nearly 4 in 10 (39%) said it happened to me in the past 3 months
Ever had a social media accountor device hacked
How hacking incidents unfolded…
Something stolen
Threatened

Acted

Base: Ages 13-24, who were hacked,
me and or a friend, N=2793

Base: Ages 13-24, N=6008

Q27f_1-2: Have any of your or a friend’s social media accounts been taken over or digital devices hacked?
Q27f_05: Did this happen during the past 3 months?
Q27g: Were any of these things stolen from your or your friend’s accounts or digital devices?
Q27h_1-2: Did the perpetrator ever threaten to release what was stolen unless you did what they asked?
Q27i: What did they demand or ask you or a friend for?
Q27j: What actions did you or a friend take in response to the threat?

Snap conﬁdential | 34

4 | CATFISHING, HACKING

Personal identity information was stolen most often
Percentage that reported something
was stolen

18% Intimate imagery (net)

Base: Ages 13-24, who were hacked, me and or a friend, N=3076

Q27g. Were any of these things stolen from your or your friend’s accounts or digital devices? (multiple responses allowed)

Snap conﬁdential | 35

4 | CATFISHING, HACKING

Hackers wanted something ﬁnancial or sexual in nature
Percentage who social media
accounts and or devices hacked

Base: Ages 13-24, who were hacked, me and or a friend, N=2793
Snap conﬁdential | 36
Q27i. What did they demand or ask you or a friend for? (multiple responses allowed)

4 | CATFISHING, HACKING

70% tightened account security

1 in 5 met the demand, but
most also took action against
the threat

Base: Ages 13-24, who were threatened, me and or a friend, N=698

Q27j: What actions did you or a friend take in response to the threat? (multiple responses allowed)

Snap conﬁdential | 37

5.
Parents found it
challenging tomonitor their children’s
online activities
Snap conﬁdential | 38

5 | PARENTS

Parent’s awareness of their children’s experiences online
DWBI

CatﬁshingLifesatisfaction

Intimate
imagery
exposure

Risk taking

Account
hackedSnap conﬁdential | 39

5 | PARENTS

How parents found it harder to monitor their teens’ online activities
Half of parents lacked conﬁdence intheir monitoring abilities while also
losing trust in their children

Base: Ages 13-24, N=6008% Agree completely, a lot, a little
Q4_3: - I trust my child to act responsibly online and don't feel the need to actively monitor themQ4_4: I’m unsure about the most effective ways to actively monitor my children’s online activities
Q7: You mentioned that you experienced incidents online such as ... during the past three months. After what happened to you, did you talk with or seek help from anyone?

% Agree completely, a lot
Snap conﬁdential | 40

5 | PARENTS

Parents missed a lot, especially with children 18-19…

35-pt. gap
22-pt. gap
24-pt. gap*Parents were asked if their children “ever” experienced any of these incidents. 13–24-year-olds answered in terms of the past 3 months
QDS1_1: Users are often asked or encouraged to share intimate images/videos online both by people they know in real life and with people they meet online. Have any of the following happened to
Q27_1: Have you or a friend ever had interactions online with someone who was pretending to be someone they were not?
Q27f_1: Have any of your or a friend’s social media accounts been taken over or digital devices hacked?

Snap conﬁdential | 41

5 | PARENTS…And young adults ages 18-19 struggled the most
They scored the highest on Struggling (11%) and were highest on “low” life satisfaction online & ofﬂine

Parents ﬁgures are estimates of how they think their child would respond to the question
Q11. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about all your online experiences in the past 3 months?
Q12. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about your satisfaction with your life online in the past 3 months?
Q28. Please rate the degree these statements apply to you (rated 6 risk taking statements)

Snap conﬁdential | 42

Snap conﬁdential | 43

Appendix.
LGBTQ+, Other new questions
Country detail
DWBI detail
Risk detail

Snap conﬁdential | 44

LGBTQ+, other new questions

Snap conﬁdential | 45

12% of Teens and Young Adults self-identiﬁed as LGBTQ+, like 2022

20-pt. gap

Snap conﬁdential | 46
Q25: Do you identify as a member of the LGBQT+ community?

LGBTQ+ Teens and Young Adults experience more online challenges
Catﬁshing54%of LGBTQ+ youth
were catﬁshed vs
37% Non-LGBQT+

Social media accounts or devices hacked

46%

of LGBTQ+ youth
were hacked vs 31%
Non-LGBQT+

Q25: Do you identify as a member of the LGBQT+ community?
QDS1_1-6: Users are often asked or encouraged to share intimate images/videos online both by people they know in real life and with people they meet online. Have any of the following happened to …
Q27_1-2: Have you or a friend ever had interactions online with someone who was pretending to be someone they were not?
Q27f_1-2: Have any of your or a friend’s social media accounts been taken over or digital devices hacked?

Snap conﬁdential | 47

5 | PARENTS

60% of parents sought help with technology from their teens

Q12d: How often do you ask your teenage child(ren) to help you with technology and/or Internet-related activities?
Q12e: Which technology and/or Internet-related activities have your child(ren) helped you with?

Snap conﬁdential | 48

1 in 3 watched and followed celebrities, inﬂuencers daily

32%

30%

Snap conﬁdential | 49
QC1: How much do you follow inﬂuencers or other celebrities online? An inﬂuencer is someone who has built a reputation for their knowledge and expertise on a speciﬁc topic

Comparing yourself to inﬂuencers and celebrities led to greater
feelings of insecurity and exclusion
Does it make you feel more…
Scale:

Follow celebrities/inﬂuencers

1-3

4-5

6-7

Excluded

Included

Insecure

SecureInteract with friends I know in real life

Authentic

Fake

Out of the loop

In the know

Base: Ages 13-24, N=6008
QC2_1-4: Interacting on social media with friends I know in real life makes me feel more…
QC3_1-4: Watching and following celebrities or inﬂuencers on social media makes me feel more…

Snap conﬁdential | 50

5 | PARENTS

Parents of 13-19s gave similar life satisfaction online ratings as teens
Life satisfaction online was lowest among 18-19 young adults

Snap conﬁdential | 51
Q12_1: How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements…

5 | PARENTS

How parents saw their children on 3 dimensions

High

MediumLow

Snap conﬁdential | 52
Q26_1: How true is each statement for you personally?

Young adults more often employed a risk-to-reward approach
to risk-taking

Snap conﬁdential | 53

Risk-taking questions- I speak my mind about controversial issues on social media

High risk-taking(Score (51-100)- I often act on impulse- I believe that rules are meant to be broken- I usually avoid risky situations- I will take a bigger risk if there is a meaningful reward at stake(e.g., money, recognition)- I backup up all important ﬁles on the computer and smartphone,including documents, pictures or video (R)Mediumrisk-taking(Score (38-50)

Low risk-taking
Score (0-37.5)

Median score = 43
Snap conﬁdential | 54

Higher risk-taking was associated with worse online outcomesSnap conﬁdential | 55

Country detail

Snap conﬁdential | 56

DWBI around the world
Global average: 62

62

United Kingdom

59
64

France60

Germany

67

India

United States

63

Australia

Snap conﬁdential | 57

India had the highest share of ﬂourishing & thriving respondents

Snap conﬁdential | 58

India’s higher DWBI driven by a strong culture of parental support

Snap conﬁdential | 59

Australia snapshot, DWBI = 63
DWBI
Flourishing
Thriving
Middling
Struggling

2022
63
10%
44%
36%
7%

2023
63
11%
42%
43%
5%

DWBI by Audience
Teens 13-17
Young adults 18-24
Parents of 13-19
Males 13-24
Females 13-24

64
60
64
64
61

64
61
63
64
61

Any risk (ages 13-24)
Personal risks
Fake news, misinformation
Threatening Behavior
Unwanted contact
Sexual risks
Fake identity
Contraband, terrorism
Self Harm

74%
59%
43%
41%
34%
26%
27%
15%
14%

77%
63%
52%
54%
37%
28%
28%
16%
13%

Online life satisfaction* 40%
Ofﬂine life satisfaction* 40%

38%
40%

* % completely agree, agree a lot

2023

2022

2023

46%
28%
27%

46%
31%
23%

na

61%

na
na
na

53%
43%
39%

Daily Snapchat users
Teens 13-17
Young adults 18-24
Parents of 13-19

38%
45%
16%

50%
54%
24%

LGBTQ+ incidence

17%

12%

Involved with Intimate images
59%(me and or friend)
Teens 13-17 49%
Young adults 18-24 68%

Number of support assets
0 to 45 to 89 to 12Intimate images passed beyond
28%
original recipient
Teens 13-17 28%
Young adults 18-24 28%

Parents sought help fromchildren with tech
Tech support
Software, apps
Social media

Catﬁshed (me and or friend) 50%
Teens 13-17 41%
Young adults 18-24 59%
Asked to share 69%
Shared 38%
Threatened with extortion 23%
Acted 92%
Hacked (me and or friend) 52%
Teens 13-17 38%
Young adults 18-24 66%
Something was stolen 51%
Threatened with extortion 20%
Acted 93%

Non-LG LGBTQ+
BTQ+
Any risk (net) 81%
84%
Personal risks (net) 65%
74%
Threatening behavior (net) 46%
54%
Sexual risks (net) 28%
48%

Snap conﬁdential | 60

France snapshot, DWBI = 59
DWBI
Flourishing
Thriving
Middling
Struggling

2022
60
4%
38%
51%
6%

2023
59
5%
34%
54%
7%

DWBI by Audience
Teens 13-17
Young adults 18-24
Parents of 13-19
Males 13-24
Females 13-24

62
58
59
60
59

61
57
58
60
58

Any risk (ages 13-24)
Personal risks
Fake news, misinformation
Threatening Behavior
Unwanted contact
Sexual risks
Fake identity
Contraband, terrorism
Self Harm

76%
54%
54%
32%
34%
25%
24%
15%
10%

75%
54%
48%
31%
37%
24%
25%
13%
10%

Online life satisfaction* 25%
Ofﬂine life satisfaction* 41%

24%
41%

* % completely agree, agree a lot

2023

2022

2023

51%
34%
16%

56%
27%
17%

na

44%

na
na
na

39%
51%
32%

Daily Snapchat users
Teens 13-17
Young adults 18-24
Parents of 13-19

43%
58%
20%

44%
52%
17%

LGBTQ+ incidence

7%9%Involved with Intimate images
52%(me and or friend)
Teens 13-17 38%
Young adults 18-24 67%

Number of support assets
0 to 45 to 89 to 12Intimate images passed beyond
23%
original recipient
Teens 13-17 28%
Young adults 18-24 22%

Parents sought help fromchildren with tech
Tech support
Software, apps
Social media

Catﬁshed (me and or friend) 43%
Teens 13-17 37%
Young adults 18-24 49%
Asked to share 65%
Shared 41%
Threatened with extortion 22%
Acted 86%
Hacked (me and or friend) 48%
Teens 13-17 34%
Young adults 18-24 62%
Something was stolen 47%
Threatened with extortion 22%
Acted 93%

Non-LG LGBTQ+
BTQ+
Any risk (net) 78%
78%
Personal risks (net) 58%
68%
Threatening behavior (net) 33%
42%
Sexual risks (net) 25%
39%

Snap conﬁdential | 61

Germany snapshot, DWBI = 60
DWBI
Flourishing
Thriving
Middling
Struggling

2022
60
8%
38%
45%
9%

2023
60
8%
35%
47%
10%

DWBI by Audience
Teens 13-17
Young adults 18-24
Parents of 13-19
Males 13-24
Females 13-24

63
58
60
62
59

62
57
60
61
58

Any risk (ages 13-24)
Personal risks
Fake news, misinformation
Threatening Behavior
Unwanted contact
Sexual risks
Fake identity
Contraband, terrorism
Self Harm

74%
59%
43%
41%
34%
26%
27%
15%
14%

76%
58%
50%
40%
37%
26%
19%
16%
13%

Online life satisfaction* 39%
Ofﬂine life satisfaction* 43%

35%
42%

* % completely agree, agree a lot

2022

2023

51%
29%
20%

55%
27%
18%

na

54%

na
na
na

57%
39%
27%

Daily Snapchat users
Teens 13-17
Young adults 18-24
Parents of 13-19

24%
42%
12%

38%
49%
10%

LGBTQ+ incidence

11%

10%

2023

Involved with Intimate images
53%(me and or friend)
Teens 13-17 39%
Young adults 18-24 67%

Number of support assets
0 to 45 to 89 to 12Intimate images passed beyond
35%
original recipient
Teens 13-17 42%
Young adults 18-24 31%

Parents sought help fromchildren with tech
Tech support
Software, apps
Social media

Catﬁshed (me and or friend) 46%
Teens 13-17 36%
Young adults 18-24 57%
Asked to share 69%
Shared 43%
Threatened with extortion 24%
Acted 93%
Hacked (me and or friend) 33%
Teens 13-17 25%
Young adults 18-24 41%
Something was stolen 67%
Threatened with extortion 26%
Acted 93%

Non-LG LGBTQ+
BTQ+
Any risk (net) 81%
88%
Personal risks (net) 64%
79%
Threatening behavior (net) 44%
57%
Sexual risks (net) 30%
43%
Snap conﬁdential | 62

India snapshot, DWBI = 67
DWBI
Flourishing
Thriving
Middling
Struggling

2022
68
16%
56%
24%
3%

2023
67
16%
52%
28%
4%

DWBI by Audience
Teens 13-17
Young adults 18-24
Parents of 13-19
Males 13-24
Females 13-24

70
64
69
67
67

68
63
69
66
65

Any risk (ages 13-24)
Personal risks
Fake news, misinformation
Threatening Behavior
Unwanted contact
Sexual risks
Fake identity
Contraband, terrorism
Self Harm

84%
70%
62%
49%
44%
31%
42%
20%
20%

88%
71%
63%
47%
46%
31%
40%
17%
20%

Online life satisfaction* 56%
Ofﬂine life satisfaction* 53%

52%
53%

* % completely agree, agree a lot

2023

2022

2023

29%
31%
40%

41%
28%
31%

na

82%

na
na
na

64%
64%
64%

Daily Snapchat users
Teens 13-17
Young adults 18-24
Parents of 13-19

36%
43%
28%

38%
41%
32%

LGBTQ+ incidence

13%

12%

Involved with Intimate images68%(me and or friend)
Teens 13-17 64%
Young adults 18-24 73%

Number of support assets
0 to 45 to 89 to 12Intimate images passed beyond
51%
original recipient
Teens 13-17 28%
Young adults 18-24 28%

Parents sought help fromchildren with tech
Tech support
Software, apps
Social media

Catﬁshed (me and or friend) 68%
Teens 13-17 62%
Young adults 18-24 75%
Asked to share 69%
Shared 56%
Threatened with extortion 38%
Acted 94%
Hacked (me and or friend) 57%
Teens 13-17 48%
Young adults 18-24 67%
Something was stolen 72%
Threatened with extortion 44%
Acted 98%

Non-LG LGBTQ+
BTQ+
Any risk (net) 87%
92%
Personal risks (net) 70%
90%
Threatening behavior (net) 44%
71%
Sexual risks (net) 29%
39%
Snap conﬁdential | 63

United Kingdom snapshot, DWBI = 62
DWBI
Flourishing
Thriving
Middling
Struggling

2022
62
9%
43%
43%
5%

2023
62
8%
42%
44%
6%

DWBI by Audience
Teens 13-17
Young adults 18-24
Parents of 13-19
Males 13-24
Females 13-24

65
58
63
63
60

64
60
62
63
61

Any risk (ages 13-24)
Personal risks
Fake news, misinformation
Threatening Behavior
Unwanted contact
Sexual risks
Fake identity
Contraband, terrorism
Self Harm

69%
54%
43%
29%
36%
23%
21%
13%
12%

74%
57%
47%
39%
25%
25%
24%
12%
11%

Online life satisfaction* 38%
Ofﬂine life satisfaction* 40%

38%
40%

* % completely agree, agree a lot

2023

2022

2023

51%
28%
21%

54%
28%
18%

na

58%

na
na
na

53%
42%
35%

Daily Snapchat users
Teens 13-17
Young adults 18-24
Parents of 13-19

39%
54%
20%

52%
59%
19%

LGBTQ+ incidence

10%

11%

Involved with Intimate images
52%(me and or friend)
Teens 13-17 36%
Young adults 18-24 67%

Number of support assets
0 to 45 to 89 to 12Intimate images passed beyond
26%
original recipient
Teens 13-17 16%
Young adults 18-24 29%

Parents sought help fromchildren with tech
Tech support
Software, apps
Social media

Catﬁshed (me and or friend) 45%
Teens 13-17 35%
Young adults 18-24 56%
Asked to share 69%
Shared 38%
Threatened with extortion 25%
Acted 94%
Hacked (me and or friend) 40%
Teens 13-17 23%
Young adults 18-24 56%
Something was stolen 53%
Threatened with extortion 21%
Acted 94%

Non-LG LGBTQ+
BTQ+
Any risk (net) 76%
88%
Personal risks (net) 59%
82%
Threatening behavior (net) 38%
65%
Sexual risks (net) 24%
42%
Snap conﬁdential | 64

United States snapshot, DWBI = 64
DWBI
Flourishing
Thriving
Middling
Struggling

2022
64
13%
45%
38%
7%

2023
64
14%
45%
35%
6%

DWBI by Audience
Teens 13-17
Young adults 18-24
Parents of 13-19
Males 13-24
Females 13-24

66
61
65
65
62

66
61
66
64
63

Any risk (ages 13-24)
Personal risks
Fake news, misinformation
Threatening Behavior
Unwanted contact
Sexual risks
Fake identity
Contraband, terrorism
Self Harm

71%
56%
45%
37%
29%
25%
25%
16%
14%

77%
63%
52%
45%
35%
30%
27%
19%
15%

Online life satisfaction* 44%
Ofﬂine life satisfaction* 45%

42%
44%

* % completely agree, agree a lot

2023
Involved with Intimate images 58%
Teens 13-17 53%
Young adults 18-24 62%
Intimate images passed beyond
24%
original recipient
Teens 13-17 41%
Young adults 18-24 16%
Catﬁshed (me and or friend) 54%
Teens 13-17 51%
Young adults 18-24 57%
Asked to share 69%
Shared 39%
Threatened with extortion 20%
Acted 93%
Hacked (me and or friend) 49%
Teens 13-17 42%
Young adults 18-24 56%
Something was stolen 52%
Threatened with extortion 19%
Acted 95%

2022

2023

44%
28%
29%

42%
30%
28%

na

56%

na
na
na

53%
44%
41%

Daily Snapchat users
Teens 13-17
Young adults 18-24
Parents of 13-19

37%
42%
17%

39%
38%
22%

LGBTQ+ incidence

20%

18%

Number of support assets
0 to 45 to 89 to 12
Parents sought help fromchildren with tech
Tech support
Software, apps
Social media

Non-LG LGBTQ+
BTQ+
Any risk (net) 78%
90%
Personal risks (net) 62%
83%
Threatening behavior (net) 42%
65%
Sexual risks (net) 26%
44%
Snap conﬁdential | 65

DWBI detail

Snap conﬁdential | 66

1 | DIGITAL WELL-BEING INDEXThe Digital Well Being Inventory – 20 items
Positive emotion-

Often felt proud
Often felt delighted
I generally felt that what I did online was valuable and worthwhile
Felt the things I did online gave me a sense of accomplishment and prideEngagement-

Have had more good times than bad times online
Got completely absorbed in what I was doing online
Often felt really interested in what I am doing online
Felt excited and interested in things online

Relationships-

Was very satisﬁed with my personal relationships online
Have friends who really listen to me when I have something to say online
Received help and support from others online when I needed
Have people in my life online who really care about

Negative emotion-

Worried a lot that other people might not like me
Worried about what other people might be saying about me online
Often felt lonely
Often felt left out and not close to anyone

Achievement-

Stayed informed so I felt in touch with what's happening in my community and the world
Learned how to do things that are important to
Was able to grow in my skills and abilities
Learned things that gave me more self-conﬁdence
Snap conﬁdential | 67

1 | DIGITAL WELL-BEING INDEX

Risk deﬁnitions
Risk

Deﬁnition

Account hijacking

Someone used my social media account or email to post or send things that did not come from me. [Includes someone using my phone oraccount to post messages pretending to be me.]

Fake news or misinformation

I saw or read a news story or learned something online that appeared to be true but turned out to be false and misleading. This includes alteredimages and videos.

Hate speech

I received or was exposed to speech that attacked a person or group based on factors such as age, gender, national origin, religion, race,
disability, pregnancy, veteran status, or sexual orientation.

Illegal drug sales

I was sent/exposed to content promoting the sale, distribution, or delivery of illegal or counterfeit drugs through the Internet or online
platforms.

Weapons sales

I was sent/exposed to content promoting the sale, distribution or delivery of guns and ammunition or other dangerous weapons through theInternet or online platforms.

Online bullying & harassment

I have been bullied, harassed, teased, or called hurtful names online

Online impersonation

I have had experiences where someone had approached me using a fake identity online

Non-consensual intimate imagery

Sexually explicit content produced or distributed without the consent of the people depicted.

Thoughts of self-harm

I have had thoughts about harming myself as a result of interacting online

Thoughts of suicide

I have had thoughts about suicide as a result of interacting online.

Threats of violence

Someone online threatened to harm me, another person, or place.

Unwanted contact

Being personally contacted by someone who obtained my information online that I don’t want to interact with or didn’t expect to hear from.
[could include people 'following' me online to see my location, what I am doing, who I am with, spam accounts that tried to lure me to follow
back, etc.]

Unwanted sexual attention

I received unwelcomed sexually-oriented teasing, joking or ﬂirting

Violent extremism or terrorism
content/messages

I was sent/exposed to extremist online communications or content that encouraged and condoned acts of violence based on things likereligious, political, or racist beliefs.
Snap conﬁdential | 68

1 | DIGITAL WELL-BEING INDEX

Risk deﬁnitions (sub-category)

Online bullying & harassment
Disrespecting: Someone dissed or disrespected me online.
Cyberstalking: A person tracked or followed me making me feel very uncomfortable and fearful.
Damaging my relationships: Someone tried or succeeded in harming my relationships by spreading rumors or lies
Doxing: A person collected and distributed private personal information about me (e.g., name, age, email, address, phone number, images, etc.) without my permission.
Excluding: Someone deliberately left me out of an online group or text/message thread.
Flaming: A person sent me angry, hurtful, or abusive message(s) or email(s).
Teasing, name calling, purposeful embarrassment: Someone teased, called me offensive names, or embarrassed me online on purpose.
Trolling: Someone deliberately made unsolicited and/or controversial comments to try and provoke an emotional reaction and engage me in a ﬁght or argument
Dislike and contempt for females/Misogyny: I received or came across hurtful, hateful or sexist images or content based on my genderNon-consensual intimate imagery

Online impersonation

Unsolicited sexual content: I received or came across unwanted sexual
images, messages, or videos.

Someone impersonated me online and made false or malicious statements while pretending tobe me
A user pretended to be someone else to try and sell me something or for ﬁnancial gain

“Revenge porn”: Someone posted or shared sexually explicit images orvideos of me online without my permission.
Sexual solicitation: A person asked me to engage in sexual activities orsexual talk, or to provide personal sexual information, including asking for or
demanding nude images.

A user pretended to be someone some else to try and establish a relationship with me
Someone pretended to be a celebrity or represent a brand to entice me to interact with them

Snap conﬁdential | 69

1 | DIGITAL WELL-BEING INDEXDWBI relationship with social media

Q12b. Which of the following is closer to your view about social media?
Q26. How true is each statement for you personally?

Snap conﬁdential | 70

1 | DIGITAL WELL-BEING INDEX

Stronger support networks were associated with higher DWBI
Number of support assets*

Digital Well-Being segment

0 to 45 to 89 to 12* Support assets are people who give support at home, school, community
and among friends & peers, must have selected completely true or true a lot

Base: Ages 13-24, N=6008
Snap conﬁdential | 71

Q26_1: How true is each statement for you personally?

1 | DIGITAL WELL-BEING INDEX

Flourishing proﬁleSegment Rank

DWBI

84

1st

Use Snapchat daily

46%

2nd

Support assets (9-12)

60%

1st

Life satisfaction online (very high)

70%

1st

Experienced a risk past 3 months

71%

1st

Intimate imagery exposure (asked, received, sent)

35%

Higher rank
is better

1st

Exposure to catﬁshing (happened to me)

32%

2nd

Social media account or device hacked

25%

4th

Risk taking (high)

35%

1st

Lower rank
is better

Snap conﬁdential | 72

1 | DIGITAL WELL-BEING INDEX

Thriving proﬁleSegment Rank

DWBI

69

2nd

Use Snapchat daily

47%

1st

Support assets (9-12)

28%

2nd

Life satisfaction online (very high)

30%

2nd

Experienced a risk past 3 months

78%

2nd

Intimate imagery exposure (asked, received, sent)

41%

Higher rank
is better

2nd

Exposure to catﬁshing (happened to me)

40%

2nd

Social media account or device hacked

31%

2nd

Risk taking (high)

34%

2nd

Lower rank
is better

Snap conﬁdential | 73

1 | DIGITAL WELL-BEING INDEX

Middling proﬁleSegment Rank

DWBI score

55

3rd

Use Snapchat daily

45%

3rd

Support assets (9-12)

10%

3rd

Life satisfaction online (very high)

7%

3rd

Experienced a risk past 3 months

80%

2nd

Intimate imagery exposure (asked, received, sent)

44%

Higher rank
is better

2nd

Exposure to catﬁshing (happened to me)

36%

3rd

Social media account or device hacked

31%

3rd

Risk taking (high)

30%

4th

Lower rank
is better

Snap conﬁdential | 74

1 | DIGITAL WELL-BEING INDEX

Struggling proﬁleSegment Rank

DWBI score

37

4th

Use Snapchat daily

45%

4th

Support assets (9-12)

7%

4th

Life satisfaction online (very high)

2%

4th

Experienced a risk past 3 months

83%

1st

Intimate imagery exposure (asked, received, sent)

53%

Higher rank
is better

1st

Exposure to catﬁshing (happened to me)

43%

1st

Social media account or device hacked

35%

1st

Risk taking (high)

31%

3rd

Lower rank
is better

Snap conﬁdential | 75

Risk detail

Snap conﬁdential | 76

2 | RISKS

Risk sub-categories

Base: Ages 13-24, N=6008

Snap conﬁdential | 77

2 | RISKS

1 in 7 had thoughts of self-harm
Unchanged from 2022

Base: Ages 13-24, N=6008

Q5. Which, if any, of the following have happened to you personally ONLINE, on any electronic device during the past three months?
Q6D: You mentioned that had thoughts of self-harm. Did you follow through on thoughts to harm yourself?

Snap conﬁdential | 78

2 | RISKS

Young adults reported higher levels on most types of self-harm

Q6Da: If it is not too unsettling and you are comfortable responding, which of the following best describes how you harmed yourself

Snap conﬁdential | 79

2 | RISKS

Most children told their parents about a risk incident
But were less likely to share information about more serious risks

Base: Parent of 13-19, N=3002

Snap conﬁdential | 80
Q10: You mentioned that your child experienced incidents online during the past three months. How did you learn about what happened to your child?

2 | RISKS

Parents were good at estimating risk exposure for teens

Mom is preferred over dad byboth teens (58%, 20%) & young
adults (42%, 25%)

Base: Parent of 13-19, N=3002

Q7: You mentioned that you experienced incidents online such as ... during the past three months. After what happened to you, did you talk with or seek help from anyone?
Q8. Who did you talk with or seek help from?

Snap conﬁdential | 81