24-26 May 2021, Full online conference

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Contents

Welcome Remarks................................................................................................................... 1
Organization............................................................................................................................. 2
In Association With
International Advisory Committee
Steering Committee
Abstract Review Committee
Plenary Session / Keynote Speech.......................................................................................... 5
Timetable..................................................................................................................................
7
24-26
May 2021, Full online conference
Session Schedule....................................................................................................................... 8
May 24, Monday
May 25, Tuesday
Program
May 26, WednesdayWelcome Remarks
EVTeC 2021
"Future Mobility beyond CASE"
Organized by the JSAE, the leading academic society of automotiveengineers in Japan, EVTeC is a conference that focuses on EVs, HEVs,
FCVs, PHVs, and various other related technologies. The first EVTeC washeld in May 2011 with great success. Despite being held just after the Great
East Japan Earthquake, it featured the presentation of 66 papers and gathered
230 participants. The second EVTeC was successfully held in May 2014,
featuring 90 papers and 264 participants. The third EVTeC was held in May
2016, which was also a success with 101 papers and 293 participants. The
fourth was held jointly with EVS organized by JARI as EVS 31 & EVTeC
2018 in Kobe, October, resulting in the scale expansion of 317 papers and1160 participants for the symposium.

Hiroshi Fujimoto
Chairperson of EVTeC 2021
The University of Tokyo

The Technical Program Committee of EVTeC 2021 selected 90 papers
worldwide among the submitted from 11 countries. The nine plenary
talks, one keynote talk, 19 special sessions will give opportunities to havestimulating ideas on xEVs.

EVTeC 2021 was supposed to be held at Pacifico Yokohama, alongside the
JSAE Annual Spring Congress. More than 90,000 people were expected to visit the exhibition. Participation in the
Spring congress and exhibition is free of charge for EVTeC participants, and these events should have provided an
excellent opportunity to see the forefront of activities being carried out in Japan.
Due to COVID-19 developments, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency for a pandemic in thegreater Tokyo area on April 25th, and the on-site conference was canceled, unfortunately. As a result, EVTeC 2021
moved from hybrid to full online conference. Despite this drastic change-over and being no longer able to warmly
welcome our authors and guests in person in Yokohama, all originally planned sessions of EVTeC 2021 have been
converted into digital space.
Countries around the world are pinning much hope on electric vehicles and putting much effort into their
popularization, as a means of dealing with global warming problems, extricating themselves from dependence onoil, and addressing energy conservation. As part of this, along with innovations in batteries and other component
technologies, the evolution of EV bodies has been steadily promoted.
Furthermore, in recent years, in addition to partnerships with electric power systems, we have also begun exploring
the potential for creating value and providing services based on new perspectives such as CASE (connected,
autonomous, shared, and electric) on the back of advances in information technology.
It is our hope, therefore, that EVTeC 2021 will serve as a forum for international discussion on the topics of new
mobility beyond CASE in the form of next-generation electric vehicles and smart society.
I would like to thank the volunteers who spent their time to bring EVTeC 2021 to you. Especially, we want toacknowledge the efforts of the Program Chairs, Technical Program Committee members, reviewers, the Special
Sessions Chairs and Organizers, and all those persons in charge of all the conference-related activities, from local
arrangements to the conference secretariat.
I hope that the conference will satisfy your highest intellectual and cultural expectations and wish you to enjoy all
technical and social aspects of EVTeC 2021.

–1–

Organization
Organized by

SAE International (USA)Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. (JSAE)

Society of Automotive Engineers of China (SAE-China,
China)In Association WithThe Society of Instrument and Control Engineers (SICE,
Japan)

Battery Association of Japan (BAJ, Japan)

World Electric Vehicle Association (WEVA)

Capacitors Forum (Japan)
CHAdeMO Association (Japan)

Committee

China Automotive Technology and Research Center(CATARC, China)

International Advisory Committee
Chair:

China Electrotechnical Society (CES, China)

Yoichi Hori (Tokyo University of Science)

Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS, China)

Members:

Consortium for Lithium Ion Battery Technology and
Evaluation Center (LIBTEC, Japan)	Abbas Jamalipour (IEEE Vehicular Technology
Society, Australia)

Electric Vehicle Association of Thailand (EVAT, Thailand)

Akihiro Iiyama (University of Yamanashi, Japan)

Electric Vehicle Power Supply System Association(EVPOSSA, Japan)

C. C. Chan (University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong)
Chris Mi (San Diego State University, USA)The Electrochemical Society of Japan (ECSJ, Japan)

Chun T. Rim (KAIST, KETEP, Korea)

The European Association for Electromobility (AVERE,
Belgium)

Eun Tae Kim (KSAE, Korea)

Fuel Cell Development Information Center (FCDIC,
Japan)

Espen Hauge (Norwegian EV Association, Norway)

Hydrogen Energy Systems Society of Japan (HESS,
Japan)

	Hiroshi Iwano (Japan Automobile Research Institute(JARI), Japan)

Genevieve Cullen (EDTA, USA)IEEE Vehicular Technology Society (IEEE VTS, USA)

Huei Peng (University of Michigan, USA)The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEEJ,
Japan)

Joeri Van Mierlo (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium)

The Institute of Electrical Installation Engineers of Japan(IEIEJ, Japan)
The Institute of Electronics, Information andCommunication Engineers (IEICE, Japan)

	Mi-Ching Tsai (National Cheng Kung University,
Taiwan)	Minh Ta Cao (Hanoi University of Science andTechnology, Vietnam)
Murli M. Iyer (SAE International, USA)The Institute of Systems, Control and Information
Engineers (ISCIE, Japan)

Myoungho Sunwoo (Hanyang University, Korea)
Philippe Vangeel (AVERE, Belgium)

Japan Auto Parts Industries Association (JAPIA, Japan)
Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA,
Japan)

	Shigeki Terashi (Society of Automotive Engineers ofJapan, Japan)

Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI, Japan)

Takafumi Anegawa (Tokyo Electric Power Company
Holdings, Inc.)

Japan Electrical Wiring System Industries Association(JEWA, Japan)

Wang Fang (CATARC, China)
Xuhui Wen (Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)

Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries
Association (JEITA, Japan)
Japan EV Club (Japan)
The Japan Institute of Power Electronics (JIPE, Japan)

Xuming Zhang (SAE-China, China)
	Yasuo Ishiguro (Lithium Ion Battery Technology &Evaluation Center, Japan)
Yossapong Laoonual (EVAT, Thailand)

The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME,Japan)

Zhihua Wang (China Electrotechnical Society, China)

The Japanese Society for AI (JSAI, Japan)
The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers (KSAE,
Korea)New Energy and Industrial Technology Development
Organization (NEDO, Japan)

Steering Committee
Chairperson:
Hiroshi Fujimoto (The University of Tokyo)
Vice Chairperson:

Next Generation Vehicle Promotion Center (NeV, Japan)

Kan Akatsu (Yokohama National University)

The Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association (Norway)

Shigeharu Yamagami (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)–2–

Organization
Chair of Program Committee:

Masatoshi Fukuda (BELLCO INC.)

Takehiro Imura (Tokyo University of Science)

Akihiko Fukunaga (Waseda University)

Vice-Chair of Program Committee:

Hiroki Goto (Utsunomiya University)

Hiroya Sugimoto (Tokyo Denki University)

Daisuke Gunji (NSK Ltd.)

Kenji Natori (Chiba University)

Kimimori Hamada (PDPlus LLC)

International Advisory Committee:

Yasunari Hanaki (HORIBA, Ltd.)

Yoichi Hori (The University of Tokyo)

Masahiro Hanazawa (UL Japan, Inc.)

Members:

Kenichi Harakawa (ExH Corporatoin)

Chihiro Yada (TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION)
Daichi Imamura (Japan Automobile Research Institute)

Yoshiyuki Hashimasa (Japan Automobile ResearchInstitute)
Katsuhiro Hata (The University of Tokyo)

Eiji Yamada (TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION)

Yukinori Hato (National Institute for Materials
Science)

Hideaki Arita (Mitsubishi Electric Corporation)
Hiromichi Imai (Honda Motor Co., Ltd.)

Atsuo Hatono (University Kuala Lumpur)

Hiroyasu Suzuki (Mitsubishi Motors Corporation)

Koji Higashikawa (YASKAWA Electric Corporation)

Jun-ichi Itoh (Nagaoka University of Technology)

Keizo Hirano (Japan Radio Co., Ltd.)

Keisuke Kusaka (Nagaoka University of Technology)
Koichi Numata (TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION)
Makoto Uchida (University of Yamanashi)

Satoru Hirano (Hino Motors, Ltd.)
Takashi Hirose (SUBARU CORPORATION)
Toshio Hirota (Waseda University)

Masatoshi Fukuda (BELLCO INC.)
Mitsutaka Abe (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)

Michiaki Hiyoshi (Hyundai Motor Japan R&D Center,
Inc.)

Shigeki Oyama (Honda R&D Co., Ltd.)

Nobukazu Hoshi (Tokyo University of Science)

Takashi Majima (IHI Inspection & Instrumentation
Co., Ltd.)

Tatsuya Hosotani (Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.)
Hitoshi Igarashi (Volkswagen Group Japan K.K.)

Takeshi Endo (MIRISE Technologies Corporation)

Hiromichi Imai (Honda Motor Co., Ltd.)

Yoshitaka Asakura (AYE)

Daichi Imamura (Japan Automobile Research Institute)

Yukio Yokoi (Takushoku University)

Takehiro Imura (Tokyo University of Science)
Takaharu Ishida (Meisei University)

Abstract Review Committee
Mitsutaka Abe (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)

Masaaki Ishida (TOSHIBA CORPORATION)

Kan Akatsu (Yokohama National University)

Tetsuhiro Ishikawa (Kanagawa Institute ofTechnology)

Takafumi Anegawa (Tokyo Electric Power Company
Holdings, Inc.)

Shigeaki Ishikawa (MarkLines Co., Ltd.)

Hideaki Arita (Mitsubishi Electric Corporation)

Jun-ichi Itoh (Nagaoka University of Technology)

Yoshitaka Asakura (AYE)

Takahiko Iwakura (Aisan Industry Co., Ltd.)

Junichi Asama (Shizuoka University)

Hiroyuki Kaimori (Science Solutions International
Laboratory,Inc.)

Tadashi Ashikaga (MEIDENSHA CORPORATION)

Hiroaki Kajiura (DENSO Corporation)

Hirobumi Awakawa (SUZUKI MOTORCORPORATION)

Yasuyoshi Kaneko (Saitama University)

Akira Chiba (Tokyo Institute of Technology)

Hiroshi Kanno (Panasonic Corporation)

Shinji Doki (Nagoya University)

Masaki Kato (Sanken Electric Co., Ltd.)

Shun Egusa (TOSHIBA CORPORATION)

Takeshi Kato (Honda R&D Co.,Ltd.)

Kenta Emori (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)

Kazuhito Kishi (Ricoh Company, Ltd. )Takeshi Endo (MIRISE Technologies Corporation)

Hiroyuki Kishi (Technova Inc.)

Yosuke Fujii (Honda R&D Co.,Ltd.)

Yasuhiko Kitajima (Marelli Corporation)

Hiroshi Fujimoto (The University of Tokyo)

Keiichiro Kondo (Waseda University)

Hiroki Fujita (Mazda Motor Corporation)

Takashi Kosaka (Nagoya Institute of Technology)

Masami Fujitsuna (DENSO Corporation)

Shiori Kumagai (General Association of Magnesium
Circulation Society)

Tomohiro Fukazu (Honda R&D Co.,Ltd.)–3–

Organization
Takeshi Kuroda (Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.)

Takayuki Shimatsu (Keihin Corporation)

Keisuke Kusaka (Nagaoka University of Technology)

Osamu Shimizu (The University of Tokyo)

Takashi Majima (IHI Inspection & Instrumentation)

Akira Shoji (Mazda Motor Corporation)

Hiroaki Makino (Toshiba Infrastructure Systems &Solutions Corporation)

Hiroya Sugimoto (Tokyo Denki University)

Mitsuru Masuda (Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.)

Hiroyasu Suzuki (Mitsubishi Motors Corporation)

Hiroaki Matsumori (Nagoya Institute of Technology)

Takamitsu Tajima (Honda R&D Co.,Ltd.)

Shuji Matsumura (Gunma University)

Yutaka Takayanagi (SUZUKI MOTORCORPORATION)

Yukihisa Suzuki (Tokyo Metropolitan University)

Yasuo Matsunaga (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)
Kazuhiko Matsunami (SUZUKI MOTORCORPORATION)

Kenji Tamamitsu (Nippon Chemi-Con Corporation)

Tetsuya Miura (TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION)

Kraisorn Throngnumchai (Kanagawa Institute ofTechnology)

Seiji Miyoshi (Mazda Motor Corporation)

Masahiro Tsukamoto (Marelli Corporation)

Tsutomu Mizuno (Shinshu University)
Akio Momma (TAMURA CORPORATION)

Tetsujiro Tsunoda (MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC
Corporation)

Shogo Mori (TOYOTA INDUSTRIESCORPORATION)

Yoshinori Tsuruda (DAIHEN Corporation)
Kazuhiro Tsuruta (MIRISE Technologies Corporation)

Shigeo Morimoto (Osaka Prefecture University)

Makoto Uchida (University of Yamanashi)

Katsuyuki Morioka (SUZUKI MOTORCORPORATION)

Tomoya Ueda (NIDEC CORPORATION)

Sumio Motoyama (Mitsubishi Motors Corporation)

Takaji Umeno (TOYOTA CENTRAL R&D LABS.,
INC.)

Yasuyuki Muramatsu (Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.)

Yuta Urushiyama (Honda R&D Co.,Ltd.)

Tohru Nakada (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)

Yasuhiro Uzawa (Hino Motors, Ltd.)

Mitsuo Nakamura (MITSUI & CO., LTD.)

Kanako Wake (National Institute of Information andCommunications Technology)

Taketsune Nakamura (Kyoto University)
Kenichi Nakata (TOYOTA INDUSTRIESCORPORATION)

Toshiaki Watanabe (TOYOTA CENTRAL R&D
LABS., INC.)

Kenji Natori (Chiba University)

Natsuki Watanabe (Komatsu Ltd.)

Hiroshi Nishimura (TOYOTA INDUSTRIESCORPORATION)

Chihiro Yada (TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION)
Manabu Yamada (DENSO Corporation)

Koichi Numata (TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION)

Eiji Yamada (TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION)

Makoto Ogawa (Isuzu Advanced Engineering Center,
Ltd.)

Shigeharu Yamagami (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)

Yasuhiro Oishi (Technical Support Co Ltd.)

Toshihiko Yoshida (Tokyo Institute of Technology/
Nagoya University)

Yukio Yokoi (Takushoku University)

Kiyoshi Oji (Mazda Motor Corporation)
Minoru Okada (Nara Institute of Science andTechnology)

Masaaki Yoshikawa (PUES Corporation)

Masaki Okamura (TOYOTA MOTORCORPORATION)

Noriko Yoshizawa (National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology)

Naohide Yoshimura (SUBARU CORPORATION)

Nobuhiko Okawa (TOKYO R&D Co., Ltd.)
Nobunori Okui (National Traffic Safety andEnvironment Laboratory)
Manabu Omae (Keio University)
Masahide Oshima (Suwa University of Science)
Shigeki Oyama (Honda R&D Co.,Ltd.)
Hiroyuki Sakaguchi (ZF Japan Co., Ltd.)
Kazuhiro Sakuma (Materials Innovation Tsukuba, Inc.)
Shigeo Sakurai (MEIDENSHA CORPORATION)
Masakazu Sasaki (Sophia University)
Hirohide Sato (SOKEN)–4–

Plenary Session / Keynote Speech
May 24 (Mon.)
Plenary Session 1

Room 1 (9:30-10:10)
Moderator: Yoichi Hori (Tokyo University of Science)

Present Japanese automotive industry and future trends of xEV
Hiroki Aoki
Director, Automobile Division, Manufacturing Industries Bureau, Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry
Plenary Session 2

Room 1 (10:10-10:50)
Moderator: Makoto Uchida (University of Yamanashi)

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell R&D in China
Jianbo Zhang
Director of the Automotive Engineering, School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University

Plenary Session 3

Room 1 (10:50-11:30)
Moderator: Shigeharu Yamagami (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)

Vision of Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050
Keiji Ohtsu
President and Representative Director, Honda R&D Co., Ltd.

May 25 (Tue.)
Plenary Session 4

Room 1 (9:30-10:10)
Moderator: Yukio Yokoi (Takushoku University)

EV Wireless Charging: Global Update
David Schatz
Vice President of Sales & Business Development, WiTricity Corporation

Plenary Session 5

Room 1 (10:10-10:50)
Moderator: Hiroshi Fujimoto (The University of Tokyo)

GaN device as a key technology for realizing carbon neutral society
Hiroshi Amano
Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014
Plenary Session 6

Room 1 (10:50-11:30)
Moderator: Jun-ichi Itoh (Nagaoka University of Technology)

Nissan’s Challenges for Sustainable Society
Toshihiro Hirai
Senior vice president, Alliance SVP, Powertrain & EV Engineering Division, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.

–5–

Plenary Session / Keynote Speech
May 26 (Wed.)
Plenary Session 7

Room 1 (9:30-10:10)
Moderator: Yoshitaka Asakura (AYE)

Introduction on Chinese Standards for Electric Vehicles
Guibin Liu
Chief Engineer of Automotive Standardization Research Institute (ASRI),
China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd. (CATARC)
Plenary Session 8

Room 1 (10:10-10:50)
Moderator: Kan Akatsu (Yokohama National University)

Novel Stator-Excited Synchronous Machines without Rare-earth Magnets for Electric Vehicles
Zi-Qiang Zhu (Z.Q. Zhu)
Fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering, Fellow of IEEE and IETHead of Electrical Machines and Drives Group, University of Sheffield
Plenary Session 9

Room 1 (10:50-11:30)
Moderator: Daichi Imamura (Japan Automobile Research Institute)Transformation into a Mobility Company
Shigeki Terashi
Member of the Board of Directors, Executive Fellow
TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
Keynote Speech

Room 1 (16:00-16:45)
Moderator: Takashi Majima (IHI Inspection & Instrumentation Co., Ltd.)
Fair Competitions and Collaborations drive Innovation
Takafumi Anegawa
Fellow, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc.

–6–

–7–

14:10

18:00

16:20

16:05

14:25

Chairs:
Kenta Emori (Nissan MotorCo., Ltd.)
Kraisorn Throngnumchai(Kanagawa Institute ofTechnology)

20214301 / B3.1
20214302 / B3.2
20214303 / B3.3

20214288 / A3.1
20214289 / A3.2
20214290 / A3.3
20214291 / A3.4

Chairs:Junichi Asama (Shizuoka
University)
Hiroki Goto (Utsunomiya
University)

B3 (Special Session)
Power Electronics
Components

Break

Chairs:Akihiro Iiyama (University of
Yamanashi)
Kenichiro Ota (Fuel Cell
Development Information
Center)20214296 / B2.1
20214297 / B2.2
20214298 / B2.3
20214299 / B2.4
20214300 / B2.5

B2 (Special Session)
Fuel Cell Stack andComponents

Break

Chairs:Yoshiyuki Hashimasa (Japan
Automobile ResearchInstitute)
Hitoshi Igarashi (Volkswagen
Group Japan KK )Chairs:Hiroshi Fujimoto (The
University of Tokyo)
Husam Muslim (Japan
Automobile ResearchInstitution / University ofTsukuba)

20214312 / C3.1
20214313 / C3.2
20214314 / C3.3
20214315 / C3.4
20214316 / C3.5

C3 (Special Session)
Advanced xEV Motion
Control & Dynamics

Chairs:Takeshi Kato (Honda R&D
Co.Ltd)Valentin Ivanov (Technische
Universität Ilmenau)

20214309 / C2.1
20214310 / C2.2
20214311 / C2.3

C2 (Special Session)
Connected andAutonomous Technologies
on Next Generation xEV

Chairs:Eiji Kuroda (Japan
Automobile ResearchInstitute)
Jon Are Suul (Sintef Energy
Research / Norwegian
University of Science andTechnology)

20214304 / C1.1
20214305 / C1.2
20214306 / C1.3
20214307 / C1.4
20214308 / C1.5

20214292 / B1.1
20214293 / B1.2
20214294 / B1.3
20214295 / B1.4

A3
Structure and Control ofElectric Machines

Chairs:Kyohei Kiyota (Tokyo
Institute of Technology)
Hideaki Arita (Mitsubishi
Electric Corporation)

20214283 / A2.1
20214284 / A2.2
20214285 / A2.3
20214286 / A2.4
20214287 / A2.5

A2 (Special Session)
Advanced Drive
Technologies for Electric
Machines

Chairs:Hiroya Sugimoto (Tokyo
Denki University)
Kan Akatsu (Yokohama
National University)

20214279 / A1.1
20214280 / A1.2
20214281 / A1.3
20214282 / A1.4

C1 (Special Session)
Cutting Edge of xEV
SystemChairs:
Katsuhiro Hata (The
University of Tokyo)
Takashi Ohira (Toyohashi
University of Technology)

20214322 / D2.1
20214323 / D2.2
20214324 / D2.3
20214325 / D2.4
20214326 / D2.5

D2 (Special Session)
Wireless Power Transfer II

Chairs:Takashi Hikage (Hokkaido
University)
Yukio Yokoi (Takushoku
University)

20214317 / D1.1
20214318 / D1.2
20214319 / D1.3
20214320 / D1.4
20214321 / D1.5

D1 (Special Session)
Wireless Power Transfer I

Chairs:Daichi Imamura (Japan
Automobile ResearchInstitute)Kazuhiro Sakuma (Materials
Innovation Tsukuba, Inc.)

20214335 / E3.1
20214336 / E3.2
20214337 / E3.3

E3 (Special Session)
Energy Storage
Devices & Systems III
Lithium-ion Battery
Technologies

Break

Chairs:Kenji Natori (Chiba
University)
Noriko Yoshizawa (National
Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science andTechnology (AIST))

20214331 / E2.1
20214332 / E2.2
20214333 / E2.3
20214334 / E2.4

E2 (Special Session)
Energy Storage
Devices & Systems II
Systems and Applications

Break

Chairs:Chihiro Yada (TOYOTA
MOTOR CORPORATION)
Hiroyuki Akashi (Envision
AESC Japan Ltd.)

20214327 / E1.1
20214328 / E1.2
20214329 / E1.3
20214330 / E1.4

E1 (Special Session)
Energy Storage Devices &Systems I
Next-Generation Batteries
and Capacitors

Chairs:Osamu Shimizu (The
University of Tokyo)
Kenji Morita (Japan
Automobile ResearchInstitute)

20214345 / F3.1
20214346 / F3.2
20214348 / F3.3
20214349 / F3.4

F3 (Special Session)
Energy Transmission
Systems to Vehicles andGlobal Warming I

Chairs:Yoshitaka Asakura (AYE)
Daisuke Gunji (NSK Ltd.)

20214341 / F2.1
20214342 / F2.2
20214343 / F2.3
20214344 / F2.4

F2 (Special Session)
Design, Evaluation and
Related Technologies for
VehiclesChairs:Yasuo Matsunaga (Nissan
Motor Co., Ltd.)
Takahiro Noyori (AVLJAPAN)

20214338 / F1.1
20214339 / F1.2
20214340 / F1.3

F1
Safety and Security
for E-mobility andInfrastructure

Break

Break

B1 (Special Session)
Fuel Cell System andVehicleModerator: Jun-ichi Itoh (Nagaoka University of Technology)

Moderator: Shigeharu Yamagami (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)

11:30

12:30

A1 (Special Session)
Traction Motor for Evs

Toshihiro Hirai (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)"Nissan‘s Challenges for Sustainable Society"

Plenary Session 6 (@Room 1)

Moderator: Hiroshi Fujimoto (The University of Tokyo)

Moderator: Makoto Uchida (University of Yamanashi)

Plenary Session 3 (@Room 1)

Hiroshi Amano (Nagoya University)"GaN device as a key technology for realizing carbon neutral society"

Jianbo Zhang (Tsinghua University)"Hydrogen and Fuel Cell R&D in China"

Plenary Session 5 (@Room 1)

Room 3Moderator: Yukio Yokoi (Takushoku University)

Plenary Session 4 (@Room 1)

Room 2Plenary Session 2 (@Room 1)

Room 1Moderator: Yoichi Hori (Tokyo University of Science)

Room 3David Schatz (WiTricity Corporation)"Global Progress of Wireless Charging for Passenger and Commercial Vehicles"

Plenary Session 1 (@Room 1)

Opening Ceremony (@Room 1)

Room 2

May 25 (Tue.)

EVTeC 2021 Timetable

Hiroki Aoki (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)"Present Japanese automotive industry and future trends of xEV"

Room 1

May 24 (Mon.)

Keiji Ohtsu (Honda R&D Co., Ltd.)"Vision of Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050"

10:50

10:10

9:30

9:20

Room

Date

Room 3

14:10

Awards & Closing Ceremony (@Room 1)

Moderator: Takashi Majima(IHI Inspection & Instrumentation Co., Ltd.)

17:40

17:05

16:45

16:00

Keynote Speech (@Room 1)

15:45

14:25

Break

Chairs:Yutaka Ota (Osaka
University)
Nobunori Okui (NationalTraﬃc Safety andEnvironment Laboratory)

20214365 / I1.1
20214366 / I1.2
20214367 / I1.3
20214368 / I1.4
20214369 / I1.5

I1
Energy Transmission
Systems to Vehicles andGlobal Warming II

12:30

11:30

10:50

10:10

9:30

9:20

Room

Date

Chairs:
Shigeharu Yamagami(Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)
Michiaki Hiyoshi (Hyundai
Motor Japan R&D Center,Inc.)20214361 / H2.1
20214362 / H2.2
20214363 / H2.3
20214364 / H2.4

H2 (Special Session)
Power Semiconductor andPackaging Technologies

Break

Chairs:Hiromichi Imai (Honda MotorCo., Ltd.)
Satoshi Yasuda (TOYOTA
MOTOR COPORATION)

20214358 / H1.1
20214359 / H1.2
20214360 / H1.3

H1 (Special Session)
Power Electronics
Component and System
Technologies

Takafumi Anegawa(Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc.)"Fair Competitions and Collaborations drive Innovation"

Chairs:Naoki Shinohara (Kyoto
University)
Giuseppe Guidi (Sintef
Energy Research)20214354 / G2.1
20214357 / G2.2
20214355 / G2.3
20214356 / G2.4

G2 (Special Session)
Wireless Power Transfer IV

Chairs:Ryosuke Ota (Tokyo
University of Science)
Keisuke Kusaka (Nagaoka
University of Technology)

20214350 / G1.1
20214353 / G1.2
20214352 / G1.3
20214351 / G1.4

G1 (Special Session)
Wireless Power Transfer III

BreakModerator: Daichi Imamura (Japan Automobile Research Institute)

Shigeki Terashi (TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION)"Transformation into a Mobility Company"

Plenary Session 9 (@Room 1)

Moderator: Kan Akatsu (Yokohama National University)

Zi-Qiang Zhu (Z.Q. Zhu) (University of Sheﬃeld)"Novel Stator-Excited Synchronous Machines without Rare-earth Magnets for Electric
Vehicles"Plenary Session 8 (@Room 1)

Moderator: Yoshitaka Asakura (AYE)

Plenary Session 7 (@Room 1)

Room 2

Guibin Liu (CATARC)"Introduction on Chinese Standards for Electric Vehicles"

Room 1

May 26 (Wed.)

Session ScheduleMay 24 (Mon.)
A1 (Special Session): Traction Motor for Evs

Room 1 (12:30-13:50)

Chairs: Hiroya Sugimoto (Tokyo Denki University)
Kan Akatsu (Yokohama National University)
20214279
A1.1

Development of Noise and Vibration Reduction for the Driving Motor in Electric Vehicles
Suguru Gangi, Naoto Koshino, Hiroaki Ebuchi, Keiji Takizawa, Ryoji Sato (TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION)

Abstract:
In order to deal with recent environmental issues and energy saving, we have commercialized HVs and EVs. One of thefeatures of electric vehicles is quietness due to engine stop / less. On the other hand, it is easy to hear the activating noiseof the electric powertrain unit including the motor which is not installed in conventional cars. In addition, FR vehicles are
generally often set to luxury cars, and it is required for them to have better quietness. Therefore, reducing motor noise in thetransmission is a particularly important issue in FR EHVs vehicles. This paper describes some hardware- and software-based
countermeasures to the electromagnetic noise due to activation of the motor.
20214280
A1.2

Development of high efficiency low noise electric motor for electrified vehicle
Akihiro Tanaka1, Toru Nakada1, Katsumi Yamazaki2 (1Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., 2Chiba Institute of Technology)

Abstract:
This paper describes the newly developed electric motor for the new Nissan NOTE e-POWER. NOTE e-POWER is a series
hybrid vehicle that was launched in 2016. This vehicle achieved quick acceleration, quietness, and good fuel efficiency
owing to the electric motor that contributes to the global driving force. The electric motor, which in the conventional NOTE
e-POWER was a carry-over part from an EV, will be a newly developed high competitive innovation in regards to compactness,cost, efficiency and NVH performances and will be applied in the new NOTE e-POWER.
20214281
A1.3

Development of e-Axle with High-Power-Density PM Motor
Kiyoshi Uemura, Hiroaki Yoshida, Junichi Aoki, Tadashi Ashikaga, Yoshinori Nakano (MEIDENSHA CORPORATION)

Abstract:
As a recent trend of the EV drive system, the development of e-Axles with the motor, inverter, and transaxle integrated into asingle device is activated. We have developed an e-Axle with the height reduced by our specific configuration in considerationof such conditions as vehicle mounting requirements. We would like to introduce below our recently developed prototype.
20214282
A1.4

Development of a Dual-mode Reluctance Motor for Electric Vehicle Applications
Kyohei Kiyota1, Haruka Isogai2, Kenji Amei2, Takahisa Ohji2, Akira Chiba1 (1Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2University of
Toyama)Abstract:
This paper proposes a novel Dual-mode Reluctance Motor which can switch the motor mode between a switched reluctancemotor and a synchronous reluctance motor to enhance the high efficiency region. The efficiency of a synchronous reluctancemotor mode is high with respect to that of a switched reluctance motor mode in higher rotational speed and low power region
because of the lower iron loss specification of the synchronous reluctance motor. In this paper, the verification of the proposed
method using the fabricated DRM is carried out.

A2 (Special Session): Advanced Drive Technologies for Electric Machines

Room 1 (14:25-16:05)

Chairs: Kyohei Kiyota (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Hideaki Arita (Mitsubishi Electric Corporation)
20214283
A2.1

Flattening Radial Force Sum Method for Noise Reduction in Traction Switched Reluctance Motor
Candra Adi Wiguna, Lim Li Sing Sarah Lilian, Akira Chiba (Tokyo Institute of Technology)

Abstract:
This paper presents the effectiveness of the radial force sum flattening method to reduce the acoustic noise of the switched
reluctance motor for the traction applications. The proposed current is compared to the conventional square current, typicalcurrent for switched reluctance motor. The analysis shows that the radial force sum of the proposed current has lower variation
than the radial force sum of the conventional square current. The effectiveness of the radial force sum flattening method isverified by the experiments. The experiments were carried out from 500 rpm to 3000 rpm in the constant average torque of 10
Nm. The experimental result shows that the peak noises at the multiple of 3rd of current harmonics are reduced by the proposedcurrent. The highest peak at 2800 rpm, 1689 Hz is reduced by 38.5 dB.

–8–

20214284
A2.2

Torque Ripple Reduction Control of Switched Reluctance Motor with Operating Area Expandable Drive Circuit
Hiroki Goto, Yuki Matsumoto, Taisei Kurishima, Ryohei Ebata, Hirohito Funato, Junnosuke Haruna (Utsunomiya University)

Abstract:
A novel drive circuit of switched reluctance motors, which can boost phase voltages without external inductors, have been
proposed in previous works. In this paper, the simulation results which the proposed drive circuit is applied to an in-wheel
direct-drive electric vehicle with low voltage batteries are shown. The simulation results show that the proposed drive circuit
can expand the operational area drastically and the proposed control method can reduce torque ripple at all operational range.
20214285
A2.3

Temperature Visualization of Motor Using Wireless Sensing During Vehicle Running
Tatsuo Nishimura1, Yuki Hidaka1, Kazuya Itoh2, Osamu Nasu1, Kenji Kato1, Hideaki Arita1, Kazumasa Ito1 (1Mitsubishi Electric
Corporation, 2National Institute of Technology)

Abstract:
In a vehicle, factors, such as ambient temperature and transient phenomena, can cause disparities in motor performance interms of motor units and vehicle operation, especially with regard to temperature characteristics. This paper presents a digitaltwin-oriented solution to visualize temperature distribution inside a motor while the vehicle is running. We placed thermal
sensors inside a motor and built a Bluetooth communication network to visualize the temperature conditions inside the motor
for external monitoring, even when the actual vehicle is running. In this paper, we describe the structure of the motor being
measured and provide an overview of how wireless communication is used. We also report the results of installing eachcomponent in a compact vehicle and the temperature distribution in the motor while the vehicle is running.
20214286
A2.4

Fault Tolerant Asymmetrical Six Phase Drive Controlled by Two Microprocessors
Shen Wang1, Kentaro Kitamura1, Shinji Doki1, Takashi Suzuki1, Kiyoshi Fujii2, Norihisa Ito2, Yoshitaka Hayashi2 (1Nagoya
University, 2DENSO CORPORATION)

Abstract:
In order to decrease air pollutant emissions, Electric Vehicles (EVs) have gained worldwide attentions and got popularizedin an increasing speed. Motor drives power the EV including propulsion and auxiliary component such as power steering.
Conventional three phase drives have been most widely adopted due to mature industrial standards and fair performance.
Nevertheless, multiphase machines have become alternatives because they have beneficial characteristics such as great potential
in fault tolerance and higher reliability. Thereby, this paper focuses on an asymmetrical six-phase drive, specifically equippedwith 2 separate microprocessors for two sub-winding system. The two microprocessors provide integrated fault tolerance of thedrive. Moreover, a novel current vector control scheme that utilizes observer to estimate the subsystem current for interferencecompensation against the magnetic winding sets has been proposed for its control.
20214287
A2.5

Sensorless brushless motor start ability improvement by estimating initial position
Naoki Onosaka, Takeru Yamamoto (AISIN SEIKI Co., Ltd.)

Abstract:
The main issue is deterioration of motor N/V performance caused by supply current distortion in sensorless brushless DC
motor start. Therefore the main purpose in this study is to reduce supply current distortion and to achieve reduction, estimationof rotor initial position is examined without adding additional hardware such as sensors. The conclusion is that estimationof rotor initial position within four quadrant range is succeeded by changing software only and supply current distortion andconvergent time are reduced by changing direction of single phase excitation according to initial position.

A3: Structure and Control of Electric Machines

Room 1 (16:20-17:40)

Chairs: Junichi Asama (Shizuoka University)
Hiroki Goto (Utsunomiya University)
20214288
A3.1

Development of High-Speed Motor with a Welding-Less Coil and High- Strength Rotor
Masanori Sawahata, Masahiro Hori, Takafumi Hara, Minori Nagata, Yuji Enomoto (Hitachi, Ltd.)

Abstract:
We have developed the high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with a maximum rotation speed of 22,000
min-1, which enables the motor to be downsized. This PMSM is applied to a welding-less coil to shorten the axial motor lengthand a robust rotor structure to achieve high rotor strength. Elemental tests and measurements demonstrate that (i) the rotor
does not deform under high rotation speed and (ii) the torque and coil temperature of the developed PMSM reach their design
values.

–9–

20214289
A3.2

Pulse Injection and Rotation Characteristics of 1 kW-class AlNiCo Magnet Assisted Switched Reluctance Motor
Yuki Okamoto1, Taketsune Nakamura1, Fuat Kucuk1,2 (1Kyoto University, 2Kyoto University of Advanced Science)

Abstract:
This paper reports preliminary test results of pulse injection and load characteristics of a 1 kW-class permanent magnet assisted
switched reluctance motor, in which AlNiCo magnets are situated in the back yoke of a stator core. The stator and rotor have 6
and 4 salient poles, respectively. The AlNiCo magnets change their magnetizing amount by the pulse current applied from thestator winding. It is shown that the AlNiCo magnets are successfully magnetized by using the capacitor circuit. Furthermore,
the fabricated motor is successfully loaded at 1 kW rated power at 1600 rpm and its corresponding efficiency is 89.2% without
any optimization. The results of this study suggest the possibility of variable magnetic flux technology for switched reluctancemotors.
20214290
A3.3

A Drive System with Low Noise and Vibration for a High-speed PMSM
Takafumi Hara1, Takaya Tsukagoshi2, Masanori Sawahata1, Masahiro Hori1, Toshiyuki Ajima1, Takaki Itaya2, Katsuhiro
Hoshino2, Noriyuki Maekawa2 (1Hitachi, Ltd., 2Hitachi Astemo, Ltd.)

Abstract:
A motor drive system for driving a high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) at a maximum rotation
speed of 22,000 rev/min was developed and experimentally verified. Synchronous PWM control is applied to this PMSM toachieve stable drive at high speed. Moreover, a control scheme called “carrier-shift control” for reducing torque ripple wasalso developed. This scheme matches ripple frequencies caused by spatial and time harmonics. The ripple caused by spaceharmonics is canceled by the ripple caused by time harmonics on the basis of the phase shift of the carrier wave. The developed
motor drive system was verified experimentally, and the results reveal that the developed control scheme reduces lowfrequency ripple and vibration at 19,500 rev/min.
20214291
A3.4

Online Derivation of Control Parameters by Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 for Vibration Reduction in
SRM
Kohei Umeta, Nobukazu Hoshi, Ryosuke Ota (Tokyo University of Science)

Abstract:
Switched reluctance motor (SRM) suffers from large vibration. However, it is difficult to derive the optimum control
parameters to reduce the vibration. As a solution to the problem, this paper proposes a method that uses Strength Pareto
Evolutionary Algorithm 2 (SPEA2). In the proposed method, the optimum control parameters for each torque can be derived
online. In this paper, the effectiveness of the method was confirmed with a simulation and an experiment. In the simulation, it
could be confirmed that the radial force, which was one of the causes of the vibration, was reduced with the proposed method.
The noise reduction by the method was also confirmed in the experiment.

B1 (Special Session): Fuel Cell System and Vehicle

Room 2 (12:30-13:50)

Chairs: Yoshiyuki Hashimasa (Japan Automobile Research Institute)
Hitoshi Igarashi (Volkswagen Group Japan KK )20214292
B1.1

Development of New Fuel Cell System- Fuel Cell System for the New Mirai Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Yuji Kakeno (TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION)

Abstract:
Countries around the world are beginning to aim for carbon neutrality as a solution for global warming. Hydrogen is a clean
energy that will play an important role in realizing this objective. In 2014, Toyota Motor Corporation launched the firstgeneration Mirai equipped with a mass-production fuel cell system (called the Toyota Fuel Cell System, or TFCS) to help
promote the use of hydrogen. The completely redesigned second-generation Mirai was launched in 2020 with the missionof providing a starting point toward the realization of a hydrogen energy-based society. This paper introduces the technicalchallenges of the second-generation TFCS installed in the new Mirai, which was designed to help achieve the full-scale
popularization of hydrogen energy.

– 10 –

20214293
B1.2

Application of Model Based Development to Product Fuel Cell Systems and Controller Design- Physical Modeling of the Entire Fuel Cell System and Implementation to Controller Shigeki Hasegawa1, Jared Farnsworth2, Motoyuki Kimata1, Naoki Tomi1, Nobukazu Mizuno1, Daniel Folick2, Kentaro Fukuda3,
Andrew Sata2, Miho Hatazaki4, Yoshihiro Ikogi1 (1TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION, 2TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA,
3
DENSO CORPORATION, 4SOKEN, INC.)

Abstract:
1-dimentional (1D) physical modeling methods of fuel cell stack and balance of plants (air-supply system, H2-supply systemand cooling system) are investigated. To ensure simulation of life-long system operation in permissible calculation time andaccuracy, proper resolution of modeling methods is chosen and in-house high-speed numerical solvers are developed. Thismodel is validated and verified by actual fuel cell system data gathered in a variety of operating conditions (low to high loads,
operating temperatures and ambient pressures). High accuracy is confirmed across these conditions. With proper resolution ofmodeling methods and high-speed numerical solvers, the model executes approximately 30 times faster than real time.
In addition to serving as a fuel cell system simulator, the same modeling and numerical methods are introduced to the control
software implemented in a standard engine control unit (ECU) for fuel cell system control. These models run in real-time andact as ‘virtual sensors’ with which any state variables at any components can be measured and used for on-board calculations.
Based on these estimated state variables, simple and high-accuracy feed-forward controllers are developed to improve control
response and reduce controller calibration effort.
Finally, the future target of a model-based development process is discussed, in which a combination of 1D and 3D-CFD/FEM
based fuel cell system models are utilized as a fundamental piece of the overall development process.
20214294
B1.3

Development of 70MPa Hydrogen System Fuel Cell Light-duty Truck(Vehicle Modification and Public Road Demonstration 2019, Part 2)
Kazuya Maita (Tokyo R&D Co., Ltd.)

Abstract:
To lead the world in realizing CO2 reduction in motor traffic utilizing hydrogen energy, we must urgently implement
FC vehicles in the field of commercial application following FC automobiles. Commissioned by the Ministry of theEnvironment*1, Tokyo R&D has developed a fuel cell light-duty truck targeting a fuel efficiency that is 1.75 times more in
CO2 emission conversion than that of existing diesel vehicles, validated the vehicle’s basic performances and serviceability as
a commercial vehicle and is engaged in realizing a basic form of fuel cell light-duty truck.
20214295
B1.4

Energy Management System for 70MPa Hydrogen System Fuel Cell Light-duty Truck
Shigeo Kishi (PUES Corporation)

Abstract:
To accomplish the CO2 reduction in automobile traffic ahead of other countries utilizing hydrogen energy, we must urgently
implement fuel cell vehicles in the field of commercial application following passenger car. Commissioned by the Ministryof the Environment*1, Tokyo R&D and PUES have developed a fuel cell light-duty truck targeting a fuel efficiency that is1.75 times more in CO2 emission conversion than that of existing diesel vehicles, validated the vehicle’s basic performancesand serviceability as a commercial vehicle and is engaged in realizing a basic form of fuel cell light-duty truck. As a part ofthe development, we accomplished control method of fuel cell power according to the remaining amount of the rechargeable
battery, which is the key for vehicle energy management, and were able to confirm its useability by actual driving evaluation.

B2 (Special Session): Fuel Cell Stack and Components

Room 2 (14:25-16:05)

Chairs: Akihiro Iiyama (University of Yamanashi)
Kenichiro Ota (Fuel Cell Development Information Center)20214296
B2.1

Development of High-Performance and Low-Cost Second-Generation FC Stack
Tomokazu Hayashi, Tomoo Yoshizumi, Yuta Ikehata (TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION)

Abstract:
The first-generation Mirai was launched in 2014 as the world’s first commercial fuel cell vehicle (FCV).(1) Compared to the FC
stack used in the first-generation Mirai, the FC stack in the second-generation Mirai achieved one of the highest volumetricpower densities in the world (5.4 kW/L, 1.5 times higher than the first-generation FC stack, excluding end plates ) by adopting
a new flow channel for the bipolar plate and newly improved electrodes.(2) In addition to improving performance, the cost of
FC stack was significantly reduced by the development of materials, structures, and production processes.

– 11 –

20214297
B2.2

Multi-Physics Simulation for the Next-Generation Toyota Fuel Cell Stack- Application of 3D CAE in Fuel Cell Stack Development –Atsushi Yamamoto, Daisuke Hayashi, Kanji Inoko, Katsuya Matsuoka, Michito Norimoto, Atsushi Ida (TOYOTA MOTORCORPORATION)

Abstract:
The first generation Mirai was launched in 2014 as the world’s first commercial fuel cell vehicle (FCV). Since then, modelbased development (MBD) has played an important role in the design of vehicles, parts, materials, and production to help
reduce cost and size, which are the main issues that need to be resolved to further popularize FCVs in the future. In particular,
3D CAE has become an essential part of the design process for cell performance, properties, and structures of fuel cell
assembly components. This paper discusses examples of the application of 3D CAE to the development of the flow fieldchannel, catalyst layer (CL), and gas diffusion layer (GDL) in Toyota’s next-generation fuel cell stack.
20214298
B2.3

Highly Durable Fuel Cell Cathode Catalyst Layers using Tin Oxide Supports under Load Cycling Conditions
Chikara Takei1, Yoshiki Mizushita1, Kiyoshi Yamaura1, Katsuyoshi Kakinuma2, Makoto Uchida2 (1Mitsubishi Motors
Corporation, 2University of Yamanashi)

Abstract:
Load cycle durability of niobium-doped tin oxide supported platinum (Pt/Nb-SnO2) was higher than one of graphitized carbon
black supported platinum (Pt/GCB) during load cycling as a function of OCV holding time and cathode oxygen concentration.
Chemisorbed oxygen species in the presence of the oxygen could affect the growth of the depletion layer on the surface of
the Nb-SnO2 support for highly durable fuel cell cathode catalyst layers during load cycling. We found a novel degradation
mechanism of Pt/Nb-SnO2 during load cycling, which helps to make Pt/Nb-SnO2 more suitable for automotive applications
involving range extender fuel cells.
20214299
B2.4

Model Based Development for Zero Emission Vehicles
Takumi Nunokawa, Takaya Iijima, Naohide Yoshimura (SUBARU CORPORATION)

Abstract:
In supporting the rapid development of automotive technologies, Model-Based Development (MBD) takes very importantrole. It helps the process from consideration of basic vehicle architectures to testing of control logics. This paper introduces
an application example of MBD on ZEV development. Through this example, MBD’s effectiveness for time saving andimprovement of certainty in a fresh field of development is shown.
20214300
B2.5

Development of High pressure hydrogen storage system for new FCV- Mass productivity improvement and production cost reduction Makoto Kojima, Akira Yamashita, Yoichiro Baba, Tomoaki Nishizuru, Shusuke Inagi (TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION)

Abstract:
This paper is an introduction of a new pressure hydrogen storage system developed for the purpose of wide spread adoptionof fuel cell electric vehicles (hereinafter called FCVs). The high pressure hydrogen storage system consists of high-pressurehydrogen tank, high-pressure valve, high-pressure regulator and piping. It is important for the future wide spread adoption of
FCVs to improve mass productivity and reduce production cost while maintaining the performance level of these components.
We have improved mass productivity and achieved reduction of production cost by adopting various technology such as new
CFRP materials and new processing method for high-pressure hydrogen tank.

B3 (Special Session): Power Electronics Components

Room 2 (16:20-17:20)

Chairs: Kenta Emori (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)
Kraisorn Throngnumchai (Kanagawa Institute of Technology)
20214301
B3.1

CC/CV Mode with 2DOF Control of Three-Phase AC/DC DAB Converter Based on Matrix Converter
Moto Takahashi1, Kenji Natori1, Jin Xu2, Noboru Shimosato2, Yukihiko Sato1 (1Chiba University, 2Myway Plus Corporation)

Abstract:
This paper proposes a method for CC and CV modes of a matrix converter-based bidirectional isolated three-phase AC/DCDAB converter. The desired step response and reduction of low-order harmonics are achieved by using 2DOF (two-degreeof-freedom) control. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulating a laboratory prototype. Using acircuit simulator, the output current when CC mode was applied was compared with that when open loop operation was used. It
was confirmed that the 300 Hz component, which is the fundamental frequency of low-order harmonics, was reduced to 20%.

– 12 –

20214302
B3.2

A concept of onboard fast battery charging EVs connecting to DC power
Kazumasa Ide1, Takuya Ishikawa1, Kinya Nakatsu2, Akihiko Kanouda2, Naomitsu Yoshida2, Akira Kikuchi2 (1Hitachi Power
Solutions Co., Ltd., 2Hitachi Ltd.)

Abstract:
The authors propose a system concept of direct power transfer from direct current (DC) power supply system such as
photovoltaic (PV) power generation to electric vehicles (EVs). In the system concept, there is an onboard fast battery charging
electric vehicles named cEVs those have both traction power supply and onboard fast battery charging functions as a mainfeature. The cEVs use traction inverters and a newly mounted switching box including a high-frequency transformer for fast
battery charging operation. The proposed system, its process of technological thinking and strategy will be presented in thispaper. On the basis of this system concept, some useful charging and storage functions as applications of cEVs with DC powersystem such as PVs are expected.
20214303
B3.3

Considerations on DC-bus Current Ripple in Multi-level Dual Active Bridge Converter
Yasunobu Ueuchi, Ryosuke Ota, Nobukazu Hoshi (Tokyo University of Science)

Abstract:
In this paper, the DC-bus current ripple characteristics of a three-level neutral point clamped dual active bridge (NPC-DAB)
converter applied to V2H (Vehicle to Home) chargers are analyzed and discussed. A three-level NPC-DAB converter’s
control parameters are represented by a combination of phase shift angle and notching angles. The control parameters that canminimize the DC bus current ripple are investigated. In addition, two types of parameter design methods to reduce the DCbus current ripple are derived. The output was divided into four regions according to the tendency of the optimal operating
parameters. The optimal operating parameters of those regions were discussed, and approximate equations were derived. Also,
the effectiveness of the proposed control method was verified in experiments. As a result, it was confirmed that the DC bus
current ripple was reduced by 34% at maximum compared to the conventional DAB converter.

C1 (Special Session): Cutting Edge of xEV System

Room 3 (12:30-14:10)

Chairs: Eiji Kuroda (Japan Automobile Research Institute)
Jon Are Suul (Sintef Energy Research / Norwegian University of Science and Technology)
20214304
C1.1

Development of the Third-Generation Wireless In-wheel Motor
Osamu Shimizu1, Sakahisa Nagai1, Toshiyuki Fujita1, Hiroshi Fujimoto1, Daisuke Gunji2, Yoichi Omori3, Takukazu Otsuka4 (1The
University of Tokyo, 2NSK Ltd., 3TOYO DENKI SEIZO K.K., 4ROHM Co., Ltd.)

Abstract:
The authors have developed the third-generation wireless in-wheel motor (W-IWM3) which has the capability of the Dynamic
Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) on its wheel side. The DWPT technology can drastically extend the cruising range of electricvehicles and decrease energy for driving. Developing concepts of W-IWM3 are “all components in wheel”, “infinite cruising
range”, and “industry-academia collaboration open innovation”. This paper discusses the concept “all components in wheel”
and development of the W-IWM3 with the experimental results.
20214305
C1.2

Development of New Electric Vehicle System for small SUV
Makoto Hirai, Masaya Yamamoto (TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION)

Abstract:
Demand and interest in electrified vehicles such as hybrid vehicles (HVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHVs), electric vehicles(EVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) is on the increase as environmental awareness rises. In response to this trend ofelectrification, this paper describes the development of an EV system for small SUVs. The key controls are based on advanced
technology developed for HVs and PHVs. As a result, a highly reliable system was developed with an extremely high level ofpower consumption efficiency and output. High power performance was balanced with a longer cruising range by developing a
new high-capacity battery pack and installing it under the floor.
20214306
C1.3

Cornering Force Maximization with Variable Slip Ratio Control Based on Brush Tire Model
Hiroyuki Fuse, Hiroshi Fujimoto (The University of Tokyo)

Abstract:
With the motivation of the enhancement of the controllability of electric vehicles (EVs), this study proposes an effective slip
ratio control method of EVs that maximizes cornering force of each wheel. A variable slip ratio limiter (VSRL) is constructedbased on brush tire model in order to increase the lateral force of tire. However, a conventional VSRL did not necessarily
maximize cornering force since it did not consider the effect of steering angle and cornering drag force. The new VSRL is
proposed here with a basic experimental verification using a real EV. The results confirm the increase of both yaw rate andlateral acceleration while turning at the same speed.

– 13 –

20214307
C1.4

Development of an Electric Vehicle with a High-Power Photovoltaic System
Yosuke Tomita1, Masanori Saito1, Yoshiyuki Nagai1, Yusuke Zushi1, Tsutomu Tanimoto1, Kimihiro Nishijima2 (1Nissan MotorCo., Ltd., 2Sojo University)

Abstract:
A high-power photovoltaic (PV) system for an electric vehicle was fabricated. The total rated power of the PV panels for thisPV system was 1150 W. The base vehicle was a Nissan eNV200, which is an electric vehicle with a battery capacity of 40
kWh.
The PV system generated 3.6 kWh/day on average on the sunny day from May to March. This is equivalent to a range of
24 km for the Nissan eNV200 in the JC08 driving mode. In addition, the PV system could maintain maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) control during driving even if the solar radiation changed frequently. And the PV system could also generate
power stably under partial shadows compared to the conventional system.
20214308
C1.5

An Innovative 2W Hybrid Concept
A compact non plug-in hybrid platform for augmenting performance and fuel economy of single cylinder engines – ‘DVI’
Kaundinya Ashwin, Garapati Sriyan, Shah Rathin, Ghugal Swapnil, Shah Ravindra, Karle Ujjwala (Automotive Research
Association of India)

Abstract:
The push for 2 & 3 W electrification in developing economies is hampered by inadequate infrastructure & grid supply, making
these segments ideal for hybridization. DVI consists of a compact crankshaft mounted motor-generator unit, with an intelligent
control algorithm that eliminates the need for a decoupling/clutch mechanism between the drives. This allows the system tocompliment engine torque, thus allowing the engine to operate in more efficient performance regions. Along with the associatedbenefits of a HEV, the system significantly improves drivability and is a practical emission-free engine performance upgrade.
The system is also designed as a possible retrofit solution.

C2 (Special Session): Connected and Autonomous Technologies on Next Generation xEV

Room 3 (14:25-15:25)

Chairs: Takeshi Kato (Honda R&D Co.Ltd)
Valentin Ivanov (Technische Universität Ilmenau)
20214309
C2.1

Advanced Electric Vehicle Components for Long-Distance Daily Trips
Eric Armengaud1, Niklas Wikström1, Joze Buh2, Miguel Dhaens3, Sebastian Gramstat4, Ricardo Groppo5, Marius Heydrich6,
Valentin Ivanov6, Matteo Mazzoni7, Aldo Sorniotti8 (1AVL List GmbH, 2Elaphe Propulsion Technologies Ltd., 3DRiV, 4AUDI AG,
5
Ideas & Motion Srl, 6Technische Universität Ilmenau, 7Brembo S.p.A., 8University of Surrey)

Abstract:
This paper introduces a holistic engineering approach for the design of an electric sport utility vehicle focused on the reliablecapability of long-distance daily trips. This approach is targeting integration of advanced powertrain and chassis components toachieve energy-efficient driving dynamics through manifold contribution of their improved functions. The powertrain layout of
the electric vehicle under discussion is designed for an e-traction axle system including in-wheel motors and the dual inverter.
The main elements of the chassis layout are the electro-magnetic suspension and the hybrid brake-by-wire system with electrohydraulic actuators on the front axle and the electro-mechanical actuators on the rear axle. All the listed powertrain and chassis
components are united under an integrated vehicle dynamics and energy management control strategy that is also outlinedin the paper. The study is illustrated with the experimental results confirming the achieved high performance on the electricvehicle systems level.
20214310
C2.2

A dynamic game-based distributed approach for efficient cooperative traveling at an isolated intersection
Kaizheng Wang, Yafei Wang, Lin Wang, Jingkai Wu (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

Abstract:
Interactivity is necessary to resolve conflicts at an isolated intersection. In consideration of enhancing the interactive
characteristics of vehicles at an unsignalized intersection, a two-layered method, including the game-based layer andoptimization-based layer, is proposed for safe and efficient traveling. In the game-based layer, a bargaining game is designed
for more efficient strategies. In the optimization-based layer, the model predictive control (MPC) is applied for optimization
with the consideration of the executability the vehicle. The simulations with comparison between the proposed two-layered
method, cooperative game-based method, and noncooperative method are carried out. The results demonstrate that the traffic
efficient at an unsignalized intersection is improved while the safety is guaranteed by the proposed method.

– 14 –

20214311
C2.3

Research Achievements and Future Perspectives of Electric Vehicle and Power Grid Integration
Yutaka Ota (Osaka University)

Abstract:
Electric vehicle (EV) and power grid integration is important issue for forecasting zero-emission society, for designing
functionality of electric vehicles, and for expanding efficient charging infrastructure, and so on. Smart charging from renewableenergy resources is to be achieved by collaboration effort with utility companies, resource aggregators of vehicle fleet and/or energy management, and automotive manufactures. Recently, V2X(Vehicle-to-X) oriented energy resilience have been
expected at public facilities, disaster shelter places, office buildings, and residences. In this paper, possibility and necessityof electric vehicle and power grid integration is suggested from the fundamental analyses of vehicle usage data and the V2X
demonstration achievements. Integrated system stricture over power and automotive sectors are to be described. The author
mentions about availability and possibility of integrated electric vehicle information such as GPS location, vehicle speed,
onboard battery power output, battery SOC(State-of-Charge), accessory power, and so on, through his experiences on the smart
charging and V2X experiments.

C3 (Special Session): Advanced xEV Motion Control & Dynamics

Room 3 (16:20-18:00)

Chairs: Hiroshi Fujimoto (The University of Tokyo)
Husam Muslim (Japan Automobile Research Institution / University of Tsukuba)
20214312
C3.1

Hill Ascent Descent Control for AWD Electric Vehicles
Shoto Arai (SUBARU CORPORATION)

Abstract:
Electric vehicles (EVs) have characteristics of high torque at low rpm and quick and accurate torque control. We aimed todevelop AWD EVs that take advantage of these characteristics and established Hill ascent descent control (HADeC) for
front-rear independent motor EVs. The Concept of HADeC is that drivers can drive at the set vehicle speed (2~10km/h) andconcentrate on operating the steering wheel without accelerator operation during HADeC driving. The function consists of the
feedback control of speed and slip ratio control. Drivers can drive on rough roads (ex. Climbing gravel roads with slip and steproads) with confidence by using HADeC.
20214313
C3.2

How Drivers Gender, Age, and Experience Affect Human-Automated Vehicle Interaction during Traffic Congestion on
Highways
Husam Muslim1,2, Jacobo Antona-Makoshi1, Nobuyuki Uchida1, Cho Kiu Liang2, Makoto Itoh2 (1Japan Automobile ResearchInstitution, 2University of Tsukuba)

Abstract:
This study conducted a driving simulation experiment to compare four automated driving systems (ADS) during lane changedemanding situations on highways, while accounting for the drivers’ gender, age, and experience. While an ADS is activated,the vehicle approaches a traffic congestion on the left-hand lane. ADS-1 can reduce the speed to synchronize with thecongestion. ADS-2 reduces the speed and issues an optional request to intervene advising the driver to change lanes manually.
ADS-3 offers to overtake the congestion autonomously if the driver approves it. ADS-4 overtakes the congestion autonomously
without driver's approval. Results of drivers reaction and acceptance indicated that differences between ADS designs
increase when consider the combined effect of drivers gender, age, and experience more than when the effect of each factor isconsidered separately. These findings, while preliminary, may help us to understand how ADS users' behavior can differ basedon several demographic human factors.
20214314
C3.3

System Cost Optimization of e-Drives – Method and Application
Timo Wehlen1, Stephan Scharr1, Hiroyuki Sakaguchi2 (1ZF Friedrichshafen AG, 2ZF Japan Co., Ltd. )Abstract:
As EV market opportunities are growing with market size, e-drive system optimizations are key to improve its technicalcompetitiveness and cost structure for market success. Within an e-drive pre-development project, a multidisciplinary formed
team worked on a methodology called ‘system cost optimization’ and its application.
20214315
C3.4

Development of New Plug-in Hybrid System for SUV
Makoto Tomita, Koichi Ichikawa, Takenori Kobayashi, Yusuke Seo, Kazuma Aoki, Yuji Omiya, Yasuo Suzuki (TOYOTA MOTORCORPORATION)

Abstract:
A new plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHV) system has been developed for the RAV4 PHV. This development aimed to comply withthe environmental regulations of various regions and to achieve high power performance that surpasses the Prius PHV. To
realize these objectives, a new lithium (Li) traction battery (18.1 kWh) and double boost converter system were developed.
Furthermore, to mount the PHV system in the SUV without compromising comfort, space, and utility, the new traction battery
was installed beneath the vehicle floor. The battery cells are cooled using refrigerant from the vehicle’s air conditioning system,
thereby reducing the size of the system and helping to maintain performance in EV mode. The result is a PHV system withhigh power and environmental performance.

– 15 –

20214316
C3.5

Seamless Shifting in 2-Speed eAxle Integrated with Torque Sensor and Multifunctional Shifting Device
Shota Yamada, Shohei Kaneko, Hirotaka Kishida, Akihiro Yamamoto (NSK Ltd.)

Abstract:
Introduction of 2-speed transmissions into EVs can improve cruising range and driving performance. There are two
requirements for 2-speed transmissions in EVs; 1) large step ratio to maximize cruising range and 2) compactness to becomparable to fixed-ratio eAxle in mountability. Shifting in large-step-ratio transmission causes severe shock deteriorating
driving comfort. This paper proposes a 2-speed transmission with a magnetostrictive torque sensor for robust seamless shifting.
Feedback control with the output torque sensor makes seamless shifting possible without tuning of controller parameters.
Moreover, we propose a multifunctional shifting device using a single electric actuator to downsize 2-speed eAxle. The
advantages of the developed 2-speed transmission are verified through seamless shifting experiments.

– 16 –

May 25 (Tue.)
D1 (Special Session): Wireless Power Transfer I

Room 1 (12:30-14:10)

Chairs: Takeshi Hikage (Hokkaido University)
Yukio Yokoi (Takushoku University)
20214317
D1.1

Geometric View to Class-E Operation of RF Power Inverters
Takashi Ohira (Toyohashi University of Technology)

Abstract:
This paper revisits the theory of class-E inverters using plane geometry. Given the circuit’s constituent LCR parameters andDC supply voltage, the harmonic balance technique derives three linear equations for DC current consumption and RF output
wave. These linear equations can be algebraically solved, but their general solutions result in complicated functions of the LCR
parameters. When the LCR parameters are adjusted to meet the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) condition, the solutions become
quite simplified. We find that the ZVS condition draws a semicircle on a complex load impedance plane, where an off-nadir
angle signifies the inverter’s output phase. We also find another semicircle designating the zero-voltage-derivative-switching(ZVDS) condition on the same plane. The two semicircles intersect at a single point signifying the class-E inverter’s nominal
load impedance. A load-pull consideration clarifies the output voltagecurrent relation, and yields a straight line locus on the VI plane. From this line’s intercepts and slope, we find the inverter’s Thévenin equivalent whose output impedance is 4/π2 times
the nominal load resistance. Along with these outcomes, we also show useful mathematical expressions of the RF output powerand DC-RF conversion efficiency in terms of the load resistance.
20214318
D1.2Power Transmission Characteristics of LCC Compensation Network to Coupling and Load Variation
Kodai Takeda1, Toshiyuki Fujita1, Takehiro Imura2, Takafumi Koseki1 (1The University of Tokyo, 2Tokyo University of Science)

Abstract:
A compensation circuit design is an important issue in wireless power transfer technology. This paper proposes a visual analysisof power transmission characteristics, especially focusing on power factor of the source, of LCC/LCC compensation circuit.
The visual analysis reveals LCC/LCC compensation circuit has different resonance constraints from the conventional ones tomaintain unit power factor. A numerical verification is conducted and shows good agreement with the theoretical estimation.
20214319
D1.3

Flying-capacitor Linear Amplifier with N-channel MOSFETs for Radiation Noise Reduction of Wireless Power Transfer
SystemRintaro Kusui, Keisuke Kusaka, Jun-ichi Itoh (Nagaoka University of Technology)

Abstract:
This paper proposed a flying-capacitor linear amplifier (FCLA) for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. The proposed
FCLA consists of only n-channel MOSFETs and an unfolder in the output stage. The FCLA with the unfolder output asinusoidal voltage and current. Due to the sinusoidal output, the radiation noise harmonics from transmission coils reduces.
First, the proposed FCLA configuration and control method is explained. Then, the operation of the proposed FCLA connectedto the WPT system is demonstrated by simulation. In addition, harmonic components of current on a primary coil are analyzed.
As a result, it is confirmed that the third-order harmonic component is reduced by 49.1 dB in comparison with a conventional
two-level inverter. Finally, it is confirmed that the flying capacitor voltage is automatically balanced by a prototype with twoseries MOSFETs in the upper arm. Furthermore, the third-order harmonic output voltage is reduced by 19.8 dB compared tothe square wave.
20214320
D1.4

Basic Study of Integrated On-board Converter for Dynamic WPT EV
Ryosuke Ota, Nobukazu Hoshi (Tokyo University of Science)

Abstract:
In dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) EVs, though a DWPT system and a motor-drive (MD) system are onboarded,
these systems have individually been examined so far. For this, if these systems are connected, the number of the conversion
stage is also simply increased. That causes an increase in power loss. As a solution to this problem, this paper proposes amultiport active-bridge converter to integrate both systems. In a simulation, the proposed system and the conventional systemwere compared, and then it was confirmed that the proposed system was more efficient by 2.0 pt than the conventional system.
20214321
D1.5

Efficiency Maximization of Wireless Power Transfer Systems with Resonance Frequency Mismatch
Katsuhiro Hata (The University of Tokyo)

Abstract:
Magnetic resonance wireless power transfer (WPT) is designed so that the resonance frequencies of the transmitter andreceiver match well, but in practice, the resonance frequency mismatch occurs due to the parameter variations of the systemcomponents. In this paper, the efficiency characteristics of the WPT system with the resonance frequency mismatch are
analyzed and a method for maximizing the efficiency is proposed according to the operating frequency setting. Furthermore,
the efficiency characteristics are generally described using new parameter, resonance frequency mismatch coefficient, in
addition to kQ product. The simulations and theoretical analysis verify that the maximum efficiency can be tracked by using the
proposed optimum load resistance.

– 17 –

D2 (Special Session): Wireless Power Transfer II

Room 1 (14:25-16:05)

Chairs: Katsuhiro Hata (The University of Tokyo)
Takasnhi Ohira (Toyohashi University of Technology)
20214322
D2.1

A Study on Optimization of Wireless Power Transmission Ferrite-less Coils in the 85 kHz Band by Numerical Analysis
Yuto Yamada, Takehiro Imura (Tokyo University of Science)

Abstract:
Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) has received a great deal of attention in recent years. Wireless power transfer for Electric
Vehicles (EV) is becoming more important as a key factor in the popularization of EVs. Although the efficiency of wirelesspower transfer by magnetic field resonance can be evaluated by the kQ product, the optimum coil design method thatmaximizes the kQ product at a specific frequency has not yet been established. In the previous research, it is very troublesome
because the electromagnetic field analysis was repeated by trial and error. In this paper, the kQ product is modeled for thenumber of turns in the Test Stations GA-WPT1 and VA-WPT1/Z3, which are defined in the international standard SAE J2954,
and the coil that achieves the maximum efficiency is evaluated in terms of the number of turns. Although some errors in themodeling of the kQ product are expected to occur, a high-efficiency coil design plan is presented with almost no errors in termsof efficiency.
20214323
D2.2

Development of thin sheet coil for EV-WPT- Proposal of a new type coil unit Masato Okabe, Junya Otsuki, Hiroyuki Hase, Hiroomi Katagiri (Dai Nippon Printing Co., ltd.)

Abstract:
The authors are studying a coil composed of thin metal instead of hand winding a Litz wire. We have reported that the magnetic
field leakage radiated from the thin sheet coil is reduced. 1) We have repeatedly studied the line pattern and layer structure of
the seat coil and succeeded in further reducing the thickness and weight and improving the transmission performance. The
improved coil significantly reduced the amount of copper material used in it and is also effective in reducing material cost andmanufacturing process costs. In this paper, we report the features of the new seat coil.
20214324
D2.3

Coil Performance and Evaluation of Pavement Durability of Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System using Ferriteless and Capacitor-less Coil for Road Construction Methods
Takehiro Imura1, Koki Hanawa1, Kanta Sasaki1, Nagato Abe2 (1Tokyo University of Science, 2Toa Road Corporation)

Abstract:
The development of technology for embedding coils in roads is important for dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT).
When embedding coils in a road, it is necessary to ensure both the electrical and mechanical properties required for DWPT.
In this study, coils are produced using PP and PE, which are synthetic resins. In addition, the coil is mainly an open-type coilwithout the ferrite and capacitor. The electrical characteristics of the coil were evaluated before and after burying it. Further,
we evaluated the mechanical strength of the road before and after the coils were buried using the falling weight deflectometer
test. Four construction methods were investigated. The deformation of the inside of the coil was measured using strain gauges,
and during paving, the effect of the heat of the asphalt in the space inside the coil was measured using thermocouples. A
comprehensive evaluation of the electrical and mechanical properties of the synthetic resin coils was conducted when they
were paved. The results show that the reflection crack suppression sheet (RC mesh) method is currently the best construction
method. Moreover, it was found that injecting cement grout to protect the coil was the best way to reduce the residual strain.
20214325
D2.4

Geometric Coverage Evaluation for Variable Impedance Tuners in View of Poincaré Distance on the Smith Chart
Asako Suzuki1, Takayuki Matsumuro2, Toshio Ishizaki2, Takashi Ohira3 (1Fujiwaves CO.,LTD., 2Ryukoku University, 3Toyohashi
University of Technology)

Abstract:
This paper explores the Poincaré distance from a continuously varying load impedance on the entire Smith chart to obtain aclearer vista on the matching circuit’s impedance behavior. We draw the impedance and constant-distant contour, and color thearea within the contour. From the area, we estimate the coverage area percentage (CAP) that meets a specified distance froma given point on the Smith chart. We have done them with several types of circuits: lumped-constant (LC) matching circuits,
spiral trajectory matching circuit, and clover locus matching circuit. Visualization of matching area and CAP identify which
circuit we shall take in the system design.

– 18 –

20214326
D2.5

Conditions for maximum energy transfer in inductive road-powered electric vehicle applications taking system
limitations into account
Giuseppe Guidi1, Jon Are Suul1,2, Hiroshi Fujimoto3 (1Sintef Energy Research, 2Norwegian University of Science andTechnology, 3The University of Tokyo)

Abstract:
This paper deals with the problem of maximizing the energy transfer between infrastructure for inductive power transfer
embedded in the road and a moving electric vehicle. The analysis is assuming a series-series compensated inductive powertransfer architecture and the problem is solved analytically to obtain general solutions expressed in terms of basic coilparameters and coupling. Based on the analytical solutions, control algorithms aiming at maximum energy transfer during thevehicle motion are developed, resulting in optimal utilization of the infrastructure. Numerical simulations and experimental
measurements are used to validate the proposed method. It is shown that by using power transfer maximization control, theamount of energy transferred from the road infrastructure to a moving vehicle can be significantly increased compared to using
conventional techniques. In this paper, about 10% higher energy could be transferred without changing the current and voltage
ratings of the coils and converters. Higher gain is expected for different system designs with road and on-board coils moresimilar in size.

E1 (Special Session): Energy Storage Devices & Systems I
Next-Generation Batteries and Capacitors

Room 2 (12:30-13:50)

Chairs: Chihiro Yada (TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION)
Hiroyuki Akashi (Envision AESC Japan Ltd.)
20214327
E1.1

Advanced Analytical Techniques for All-solid-state Batteries
Keigo Atobe, Yoshitake Honda, Masazumi Arao, Norio Saito, Toru Akiba (NISSAN ARC, Ltd)

Abstract:
Improving the ion conductivity across various kinds of interfaces inside all solid state battery (ASSB)-related materials, is oneof the key issues in optimizing the performance of ASSB. To support the research and development of ASSB, we have beendeveloping various characterization methods to evaluate electrolyte structures and ionic conductivities.
In this paper, we present our analysis technologies applied to optimize electrolyte structure and interface control in ASSB.
Firstly, as approach of structure optimization, simulation of solid electrolyte in compressed state is introduced. By using
simulation together with analysis which is difficult to realize experimentally, it provides us unique ways to reproduce the statein the battery. Secondly, as techniques of interface control, it is known that the cell performance could be greatly improved bycoating the positive electrode surface with LiNbO3 (LNO). The condition of the coating distribution was investigated and theperformance improvement was understood by electrochemical measurements of the cell.
20214328
E1.2

Investigation on the thermal behavior of all-solid-state batteries with sulfide electrolytes
Mitsumoto Kawai1, Koichi Sugiura1, Takuya Miwa1, Yoshiyasu Saito2 (1LIBTEC, 2AIST)

Abstract:
The thermal stability of all solid state lithium-ion batteries with Argyrodite-type sulfide solid electrolyte (ASSBs) andconventional lithium-ion batteries with liquid electrolyte (LIB) both under 4.2V charging state vs anode potential were
investigated using the accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) to compare thermal runaway behaviors. The Calvet-type heat
flux calorimetry (C600) were used to measure heat flow and evolved gas pressure from the batteries. The results showed that
thermal runaway reaction with chain reaction may not be happened in ASSBs whereas it happened in LIBs. In other words,
each reaction of thermal runaway could be isolated and a previous reaction could not trigger next reactions in our ASSBs evenin adiabatic condition. These results suggest that ASSBs be safer than LIBs in terms of thermal stability.
20214329
E1.3

Li-ion Battery in All Solid State toward High Energy and Power Densities:
Focus on Lithium Superionic Conductor as Key Material
Satoshi Hori, Ryoji Kanno (Tokyo Institute of Technology)

Abstract:All-solid-state Li-ion batteries, in which an organic liquid electrolyte is replaced by a solid electrolyte inside the conventional
Li-ion battery, has been extensively studied worldwide because the solid-state configuration potentially improves the energy
and power characteristics as well as expands the operation temperature range. This article discusses the expected advantagesof all-solidstate batteries, some of which have been supported by recent studies. The development of Li 10GeP2S12-typesolid electrolytes, which are key materials to enable high-performance all-solid-state Li batteries, through our new researchframework (OPERA) is briefly described.

– 19 –

20214330
E1.4

Development of high-power energy storage devices for future automotive applications
Shuichi Ishimoto, Yoshihiro Minato, Kenji Tamamitsu (Nippon Chemi-Con Corporation)

Abstract:
We have developed high-power energy storage devices using nano-sized (battery) redox electrode materials, which we callSuper Redox Capacitors (SRCs), for future automotive applications. As the nano-sized redox electrode materials, the nanosized lithium titanate (LTO) and nano-sized lithium vanadium phosphate (LVP)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)
composite were successfully prepared through collaborative work with Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. Two
different SRC cells were assembled and their electrochemical performances were characterized; i) nano-LTO//conventionallithium manganate (LMO) and ii) nano-sized LTO//nano-sized LVP composite. Both SRC cells showed high power
performances of 5-7 kW/L with over10 times higher energy density than the conventional EDLC. In addition, SRC cells also
exhibited an excellent low temperature performance down to -40 ℃, showing that the SRCs possess promising performance asa high-power energy storage device for automotive applications.

E2 (Special Session): Energy Storage Devices & Systems II
Systems and Applications

Room 2 (14:25-15:45)

Chairs: Kenji Natori (Chiba University)
Noriko Yoshizawa (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST))
20214331
E2.1

Residual performance evaluation of Lithium-ion batteries for their secondary use- Fast and reliable methodology based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy –Takumi Mori, Nozomu Teranishi (HIOKI E.E. CORPORATION)

Abstract:
With the explosive widespread of lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the performance estimation of them with limited hardware and/or computational resources becomes more and more important. In this study, a statistical machine learning method based on
the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data is applied to conveniently estimate the state of health (SOH) of LIBs.
Establishment of a stable, safe and fully-automated measurement system to accumulate the characteristics data of LIBs at theirvarious states is necessary for realization of a new SOH estimation method for the LIBs whose usage histories are not recorded
or not available. The LIB test system developed and the SOH estimation ability of the algorithm are described.
20214332
E2.2

Development of Battery Characteristic State-evaluation Method Using High-speed Pulse Measurement
Noboru Oyama, Shuichiro Yamaguchi, Lin Furudate, Yasuhiko Ohsawa, Yasumasa Mochizuki (EnNet Co., Ltd., Lab. 307 at
Tokyo metropolitan industrial technology research institute)

Abstract:
It is demonstrated that battery-states such as the health-level and measurement-temperature can be quickly evaluated bymachine learning means. The capacity ratio of a full charge to an initial full charge, which was measured from charge-discharge
curves, can be estimated with high accuracy at high speed by the method described here and therefore used as a reuse indicatorand life diagnosis for batteries in use. The ability of the prototype diagnostic device is also introduced.
20214333
E2.3

New Lithium-ion Battery System for Nissan KICKS e-POWER
Kenji Ohara, Takamasa Nakagawa, Yoshio Shimoida (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)

Abstract:
In order to realize smooth and powerful drive feeling by 100% motor drive with top level fuel economy, battery system shouldhave especially high power performance and compact pack layout. Cell power performance improvement, the battery packdesign including cooling system challenges and the control improvement for battery system are key contributors. In this paper
we describe about technical improvement points for battery system of Nissan KICKS e-POWER.
20214334
E2.4

Overview of Applications of Energy Storage System to Rail Vehicle Traction
Hiroyasu Kobayashi, Keiichiro Kondo (Waseda University)

Abstract:
Energy storage systems are key technology of future transportation system. In terms of electric vehicle or plug-in hybrid
vehicle, energy storage system has an impact on a traction characteristics and cruising distance. In the case of rail vehicle,
onboard energy storage system is also developed recently. In this paper, variations of rail vehicle powertrain with energy
storage system is investigated. Furthermore, technical trends are also presented.

– 20 –

E3 (Special Session): Energy Storage Devices & Systems III
Lithium-ion Battery Technologies

Room 2 (16:20-17:20)

Chairs: Daichi Imamura (Japan Automobile Research Institute)Kazuhiro Sakuma (Materials Innovation Tsukuba, Inc.)
20214335
E3.1

Technology Trend and Future Prospect of Large Li-ion Battery
Hiroyuki Akashi (Envision AESC Japan Ltd.)

Abstract:
The technological evolution of automotive lithium-ion batteries is widely recognized as a key driver for the widespread use ofelectric vehicles, and more in recent years, they have also begun to attract attention for their ability to function as an electricenergy buffer to temporarily store energy from renewable energy generation devices such as wind and solar power. With the
spread of electric vehicles in the future, the recycling of used batteries is also an urgent issue that needs to be addressed as partof the resource and environmental issues. In this presentation, we will focus on the technology roadmap of lithium-ion batteries
for automotive use and our efforts for the recycling of environmental issues in the future electric vehicles and sustainable
society.
20214336
E3.2

Diagnosis of traction batteries in driving mode
- Increasing the accuracy of battery state of charge estimation by using a multiple battery concept Jonas Maier1, Dan Keilhoff2, Hans-Christian Reuss2 (1Research Institute of Automotive Engineering and Vehicle Engines
Stuttgart (FKFS), 2Institute of Automotive Engineering (IFS))

Abstract:
The dominant technology these days are lithium-ion battery cells. To ensure a long service life, monitoring and diagnosis of theenergy storage systems state is essential. This paper presents the currently used algorithms for State-of-Charge estimation andgives an outlook on how to increase the accuracy of the methods by a different hardware concept. The aim of this concept is toimprove the safety and lifetime of the traction battery by more accurately predicting its condition.
20214337
E3.3

Development of Carbon Nanospheres as Negative Electrode in Lithium Ion Batteries with High Power Performance
Noriko Yoshizawa (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST))

Abstract:
Structure of graphitized carbon nanosphere (CNS) particles, known as their superior high-rate charge-discharge performancesin Li-ion batteries, was investigated. According to the TEM observation, high concentration of defects along the ridgeline of thepolyhedronized particles was confirmed. Such gathering of the structural defects can be considered to play an important role
for the efficient charge-discharge process in the graphitized CNS particles. Electrochemical behaviors of CNSs in EC+DEC or
PC-based electrolyte were also investigated to see interaction with electrolyte on the surface of the particles.

F1: Safety and Security for E-mobility and Infrastructure

Room 3 (12:30-13:30)

Chairs: Yasuo Matsunaga (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)
Takahiro Noyori (AVL JAPAN)
20214338
F1.1

Simulation Analysis of Automatic Braking System Performance Based on Improved TTC Model
Yanhui Xing, Yuhai Wang, Jianlong Hu (Jilin University)

Abstract:
Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) is the most common type of automobile active safety technology, which caneffectively reduce the occurrence of rear-end collision accidents. This paper built a vehicle Simulink model with the WEY
VV6 as the prototype, and carried out simulation verification on the braking performance of the model. Based on the traditional
TTC (Time to Collision) model, this paper proposed an improved TTC model. Combined with the needs of vehicle operating
conditions, the automatic brake system strategy design was completed. This paper also established a hierarchical control
strategy based on vehicle speed. Taking safety and comfort as the evaluation indicators, according to the relevant regulations of
the 2018 version of C-NCAP, based on the vehicle Simulink model, this paper carried out simulation verification on the control
strategy of the braking system. According to the result of the comparative analysis, the control strategy based on the traditional
TTC model and the improved TTC model can both avoid collisions, and their safe parking distance is more than 1m, but the
improved TTC model has better comfort.

– 21 –

20214339
F1.2

Virtual Test Drive Framework
Real World to Virtual Road Network
Martin Kehrer1, Gerd Baumann2, Hans-Christian Reuss2 (1Research Institute of Automotive Engineering and Vehicle Engines
Stuttgart (FKFS), 2Institute of Automotive Engineering (IFS))

Abstract:
In this paper a method for the creation of virtual road networks based on real road measurement data is presented. Thereby
an approach is chosen, which considers the German road construction guidelines as well as the requirements regarding theexecution of a Driver-in-the-Loop simulation (DiL). For the fastest and easiest possible creation of such road networks, themethod does not use cost-intensive road survey data, rather the freely available OpenStreetMap data sets is used as baseline
20214340
F1.3

Functional Safety and Hazard Analysis as per ISO26262 for a Retrofit P3 Hybrid LCV Controller
Ghugal Swapnil1, Shah Rathin1, Shah Ravindra1, Lemos Nisha1, Karle Manish1, Karle Ujjwala1, Leischke Fabian2, Grosse
Siestrup Leopold2 (1The Automotive Research Association of India, 2IAV GmbH)

Abstract:
The world is shifting towards a low carbon footprint which has made it necessary to adopt efficient technologies with lower
emissions. Hybridization is one such solution, which results in improved efficiency and reduced emissions that can meet the
future emission norms. Along with standard hybrid vehicles with automatic transmission, there is a push on retrofitting of
hybrid powertrain into conventional IC vehicles with manual transmission. In development of such retro-fitment solutions,safety is one of the key issues with the increasing technological complexity, software content and mechatronic implementation
as there are increasing risks from systematic failures and hardware failures. The ISO26262 series of standards has beendeveloped specifically to address functional safety of E/E systems of on-road vehicles that is achieved through a safety conceptthat is developed according to a systematic process as defined in ISO26262.
ARAI has developed an intelligent vehicle controller (iVCON) for a unique retrofit solution kit of P3 hybrid vehiclearchitecture. The vehicle identified for proof of concept was a commercial vehicle equipped with manual transmission
conventional powertrain. The idea was to build the retro-fitment kit, which will be converting the existing vehicle in P3 hybridwith additional electric powertrain. The challenge was to develop a controller (Intelligent Vehicle Controller- iVCON) which
would operate the conventional powertrain including a manual transmission, as well as the electric powertrain ad on. Looking
at the complexity of operating conditions and manual interventions in terms of gear selections, the safety aspect of the vehicle
is very important to consider. Hence, the controller design analysis was done as per the guidelines under ISO26262 to befunctionally safe. Development and integration of complex automotive control functionalities requires implementation offunctional safety as a parallel process. During implementation, the supporting evidences and artifacts have to be created anddocumented. This paper attempts to show the increase need for functional safety for this retrofit P3 application by systematic
analysis of item under consideration according ISO26262.

F2 (Special Session): Design, Evaluation and Related Technologies for Vehicles

Room 3 (14:25-15:45)

Chairs: Yoshitaka Asakura (AYE)
Daisuke Gunji (NSK Ltd.)
20214341
F2.1

Distributed Local X-in-the-Loop Environment- A Tool for Electric Vehicle Systems Design Christoph Lehne1, Valentin Ivanov1, Klaus Augsburg1, Florian Büchner1, Viktor Schreiber1, Jernej Herman2, Jure Pašič2, BlažZavrl2 (1Technische Universität Ilmenau, 2Elaphe Propulsion Technologies Ltd.)

Abstract:
The paper describes methodology and corresponding environment for development, validation and testing of complex electricvehicle (EV) systems. The proposed approach is based on distribution of relevant design tasks between remotely working
testing equipment with real-time (RT) data sharing and data exchange. The approach is demonstrated by the example of X-inthe-loop (XIL) environment uniting electric motor test setup, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform with brake-by-wire system,and the brake dynamometer. The study introduces how this configuration of experimental tools can be used by designing thebrake blending and control of an EV.
20214342
F2.2

Real Time Simulation of Motor Drive System Modeled in FPGA based Hardware-In-Loop Simulator- Dedicated architecture for 200ns simulation time step and 3.5ns PWM resolution Noriyasu Matsuno, Jun Sugiyama (Myway Plus Corporation)

Abstract:
The demand for real time simulation in motor drive system has been more significant since more advanced control algorithm
and implementation should be verified more thoroughly and safely. HIL(Hardware-In-Loop) technology has been introduced
to respond this need, however in motor drive application a carrier frequency would be on the order of 20kHz or higher and thismay require 5us or less sampling time. Introduced FPGA base PE real time simulation platform enables 200ns time step, 3.5ns
over sampling for universal PE application including motor drive with various motor model including non-linear model.

– 22 –

20214343
F2.3

Powertrain Selection of Electrical Compressor vs Electrical Motor Using Hybrid Electrical Vehicle Modeling Tool
(HEVMT)
Bo Yang (Booterr Consulting)

Abstract:
Vehicle powertrain with electrical hybridization is a wide accepted approach to improve vehicle fuel economy and reduce
emission. Electrical generator and battery can recuperate and save the vehicle energy when vehicle is in deceleration stage. The
recovered energy in hybrid vehicle can be used as torque assist to vehicle through electrical motor, which reduce the internal
combustion engine working duration and put internal combustion engine working in high efficiency area. Another approach
to use the recovered energy is to motorize other component, like electrical compressor, which can improve the base engine
thermal efficiency. This paper shows the comparison of three utilization methods of energy saved in the battery in hybrid
electrical vehicle. First is the direct application of the saved energy on vehicle through electrical motor (e-Motor), the second
is to apply the saved energy on the electrical compressor (e-Compressor) to boost the performance of internal combustion
engine and reduce the fuel consumption. The final approach is to utilize both the e-Motor and e-Compressor to improve thevehicle fuel economy. By using an in-house developed hybrid electrical vehicle modeling tool (HEVMT), the pro and conof each powertrain combination was analyzed and presented with the assumption of certain control strategy. It was showedthat powertrain with e-Compressor has better fuel economy than the powertrain with only e-Motor in urban and highway
driving schedule. The powertrain with both e-Compressor and e-Motor has the best fuel economy among the three powertrain
combinations, but with reduced benefit.
20214344
F2.4Intelligent Vehicle Controller (iVCON) Platform for xEV
Ghugal Swapnil, Shah Rathin, Shah Ravindra, Pachhapurkar Ninad, Karle Ujjwala (The Automotive Research Association ofIndia)

Abstract:
Indian consumers are increasingly looking to buy a hybrid vehicle over conventional powertrain-driven ones on the backof supportive environmental policies, big-brand bets and shift in buyers’ mindset. The Governmnet of India is also pushingfor same, as part of the NEMMP 2020, Department of Heavy Industry formulated a Scheme viz. Faster Adoption and
Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India (FAME India) Scheme to promote manufacturing of electric and hybrid
vehicle technology and to ensure sustainable growth of the same. To cater to this dynamic change happening in automotive
industry, we developed the indigenous software package for the vehicle controller of xEVs. The package is an Intelligent
Vehicle Controller (iVCON) which is the suite of the standard control algorithm used to control the xEV applications.
Especially in case of xEVs, the master vehicle controller is very important since it has to control the demands going toseparate systems (like Electric motor, Engine, Battery, etc.). The efficient controller which controls the power flow as per therequirement of the vehicle demand and resources available is key for the hybrid operation.
The unique aspect of this controller is the unversatility where it can be used to develop soft controller for any type of xEV
configuration. The generated controllers are MIL, SIL and RCP deployable thereby giving the developers/engineers a headstartin xEV control development without any need or knowhow of matlab programming and control systems development. This
software package is user friendly configurable solution which will give the control module in MATLAB environment. User has
to select the application HEV/EV and input basic parameters of the vehicle. The utility will create controller in soft format as
per the application selected and parameters provided and the controller has offline and Real-Time Simulation Capablities.

F3 (Special Session): Energy Transmission Systems to Vehicles and Global Warming I

Room 3 (16:20-17:40)

Chairs: Osamu Shimizu (The University of Tokyo)
Kenji Morita (Japan Automobile Research Institute)
20214345
F3.1

Development of Middle Speed Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Simulation Test Bench
Daisuke Gunji1, Sakiya Watanabe1, Yukitaka Matsuoka2, Sakahisa Nagai3, Osamu Shimizu3, Hiroshi Fujimoto3 (1NSK Ltd.,
2
Japan Automobile Research Institute, 3The University of Tokyo)

Abstract:
Dynamic charging technology (also called Electric Road System) is one of a possible solution to improve usability of Electric
Vehicles (EVs). The authors have developed Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (D-WPT) system using magnetic resonancecoupling technology. Technical challenges of D-WPT are follows: (a) Transmit power control method of both transmitter sideand receiver side, (b) Vehicle detection method to start and stop power transfer, (c) EMC and safety for human, (d) Foreign
object detection. For these research and developments, a test bench that can simulate driving situation is required to carry out
reproducible experiments. The authors have developed a D-WPT simulation test bench that can simulate 30 km/h driving. This
paper describes the details of the device and the experimental results.

– 23 –

20214346
F3.2

V2B Vehicle to Building Charging Manager- Concept and Implementation Martin Stadie1, Tobias Rodemann2, Andre Burger1, Florian Jomrich1, Steffen Limmer2, Sven Rebhan2, Hibiki Saeki3 (1Honda
R&D Europe (Germany) GmbH, 2Honda Research Institute Europe, 3Honda R&D Japan)

Abstract:
Due to a fast rise in the share of renewable energy with a corresponding destabilizing impact on the energy grid and a rapidly
growing share of electric vehicles (EVs), the smart integration of electric mobility and facility energy management promises
substantial social, ecologic, and economical benefits for drivers, facility and grid operators, and society in general. Vehicleto-grid (V2G) technologies, which allow a bi-directional energy flow to and from the car, show an even greater potential.
To investigate this potential in a company environment we have developed a smart charging manager that considers various
objectives like peak load costs and users’ charging requests to optimally control a number of uni-directional and bi-directionalcharging stations. Based on a prediction of the building’s energy demand and Photo Voltaic (PV) production, an optimal
charging plan is derived from a Mixed Integer Linear Programing approach. This work describes the main technical andalgorithmic concepts and solution. We also present first results of some real-world tests in our facility.
20214348
F3.3

Evaluation of a modular system topology for large-scale wireless EVcharging in a commercial parking facility
Giuseppe Guidi1, Salvatore D'Arco1, Jon Are Suul1,2 (1SINTEF Energy Research, 2Norwegian University of Science andTechnology)

Abstract:
This paper evaluates the operation of a modular transformer-less grid interface topology for large-scale wireless charging
of electric vehicles (EVs) under a loading scenario for a commercial parking facility. The studied configuration is based ona Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topology where each module is supplying the wireless EV charger installed in one
parking spot of a largescale charging infrastructure. Thus, the load distribution within this MMC-based topology depends on
the location and charging demand of each EV. Furthermore, unbalanced loading imposes the need for introducing circulating
currents to maintain stable operation of the topology. The additional losses caused by the circulating currents needed for loadbalancing are assessed for a realistic loading scenario during one day in a commercial parking facility. The presented numericalanalysis identifies the impact on the conduction losses from an algorithm used to optimize the circulating current references.
The resulting conduction losses are compared to an idealized case without need for balancing and to the continuous operation
with constant circulating current corresponding to the worst-case load unbalance. Furthermore, the presented results identify
the effect of the rated charging power on the loading scenario. The results show how operation with very low and unbalanced
loading is causing high relative conduction losses. Thus, the studied MMC-based topology can be most effectively utilized inlocations with a high average occupancy of the charging units or if active scheduling of the EV charging is introduced.
20214349
F3.4

Feasibility Study of Onboard PV for Passenger Vehicle Application- Influence of Vehicle Irradiance on Energy Balance of EV Energy Requirement and PV Generation Toshio Hirota1, Shuai Pei1, Kimiyoshi Kobayashi1, Yushi Kamiya1, Satoru Maeshima2, Keiichi Komoto3 (1Waseda University,
2
EKO Instruments Co., Ltd., 3Mizuho Research & Technologies, Ltd.)

Abstract:
On-board PV system was evaluated by a simulation model of the energy balance between the vehicle energy requirement andthe onboard PV power generation. Influence of vehicle usage condition including driving and parking, weather and seasons on
vehicle irradiance was analyzed based on vehicle test data of energy consumption and vehicle irradiance. Onboard PV has apotential to reduce well-to-wheel CO2 emission, and the number of plug-in charging.

– 24 –

EVTeC 2021
May 26 (Wed.)th

5 International Electric Vehicle Technology Conference 2021

G1 (Special Session): Wireless Power Transfer III

Room 1 (12:30-13:50)

Unveilof High
Efficient Transfer Mechanism and Noticeable
Chairs: Ryosuke Ota (Tokyo
Universityof Science)
Keisuke Kusaka (Nagaoka University of Technology)
20214350
G1.1

Characteristic of Resonant Wireless Power Transfer Systems

UL 2750 for Wireless Power Transfer- Safety and Correlation with SAE J2954 and IEC 61980 Joe Bablo, Ken Boyce (UL LLC)

Atsuo Hatono

Abstract:

Malaysia-Japan
HigherKuala
Lumpur,This paper provides a breakdownof the content
andEducation
technical Program,approachUniversity
of UL 2750,
Safetyof Wireless Power Transfer
Equipment for Electric Vehicles.
The
paper
will
introducethereadertothisstandard
and
its
contents,
Lot 2333 Jalan Kajang Seremban, 43700 Beranang, Selangor, Malaysia explain how it is used toevaluate wireless power transfer equipment for certification in North America, and will explain the correlation to SAE J2954,
E-mail:ahatono@gmail.com
Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric
Vehiclesand Alignment Methodology.
20214353
G1.2

Unveil of High Efficient Transfer Mechanism and Noticeable Characteristic of Resonant Wireless Power Transfer
Presented at EVTeC 2021, Yokohama, Japan, may 26, 2021
Systems
Atsuo Hatono (University Kuala Lumpur)

Abstract: This paper describes an analysis of the high efficient transfer mechanism and the noticeable characteristic of the
ABSTRACT:This paper describes an analysis of the high efficient transfer mechanism and the noticeable characteristic of the resonant
resonant wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. For this purpose, this paper traces energy flow including accumulated energywireless power transfer (WPT) systems. For this purpose, this paper traces energy flow including accumulated energy on a
onspace.
a space.
Withof thisenergyflow
tracing,transmitter
loop
current
receiverloop
currentWith
the theaid aidof thisenergyflow
tracing,thethetransmitter
loop
current
IT Iandthethereceiverloop
current
IR Iincluding
thetheT and
R including
secondarycurrents
drivenbytheaccumulated
energyaregiven
bysecondary currents driven by the accumulated energy are given by㻌 k2Q Q2
IT㻌 = 㻌 ------------------------ V
R(1+ k2Q Q2)－jk √Q Q2 㻌IR㻌 = 㻌 ------------- ---------V√RR2 (1+ k2Q Q2)

where
k is the coupling coefficient, R is the resistance of the inductors, L is the inductance, C is the capacitance, and R2 is thewhere㻌 k is the coupling coefficient , R is the resistance of the inductors, L is the inductance, C is the capacitance, and R2 is the resistanceresistance including the load RL, Q is the Q factor of the transmitter, Q2 is the Q factor of the receiver, V is the applied voltage.
Q is thethe Q
factorisoftransmitted
the transmitter,is the Q factor
the receiver,
V is theappliedvoltage.
Theseshow that
includingthe load
RL, that
These results
showenergyoverQa2 pluralityof theoffrequency
periods.
Thistransferrequirestheresults-90 degree
lagenergy
behindisoftransmitted
the receiverovercurrent.
This isofthe
the resonantthea plurality
thenoticeable
frequencycharacteristics
periods. This oftransferrequirestype.
the -90 degree lag behind of the receiver
20214352
G1.3

current.
This isand
the noticeablecharacteristicsof theresonant
type. Field Resonance
High-power
Long-distancetransmission
Using
the ElectricKazuyoshi Hada, Daiki Obara, Hiroyuki Yamazaki, Akihiro Okudera, Mitsuru Masuda (Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.)KEY
WORDS: resonant type WPT , Q factor，secondary current, energy flow trace, accumulated energy, noticeable characteristics
Abstract:
There is considerable interest in the Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) as a technology for charging an electric vehicle and amobile equipment in a non-contact manner. We are conducting a study with the purpose of achievement of a wireless powermodel” andthe “mutualmodel”INTRODUCTION
transmission system1.using
the electric field resonance. In this paper,circulation
we have achieved
a 3-kWpower escalationtransmission
with bythetheefficiencyof 79.8%
at theof the150high
mm efficient
between transfer
couplers.
energy flow tracing.
This paper
describes
an distanceanalysis of20214351
G1.4

mechanismand thewith
noticeablecharacteristicof the resonant
Future Mobility
Wireless
Power Technology
(1)
Naoki
Shinohara(KyotoUniversity)
wireless power transfer (WPT) systems . The resonant WPTThe first “energy circulation model” is for analyzing on theseries resonant circuit the accumulated energy of electronic field

and magnetic field. It implies that the supplied energy wave fromsystems
enable much higher efficient power transfer beyond that
Abstract:transportsystems (ITS)coupling
are the future
mobility. Wirelesscommunication,
remotesensing,
and wirelessa powersource escalateson eachcirculationby the power
accumulationofIntelligent
the conventional
electromagnetic
type(2).of
However,are crucial technologies for ITS. Wireless communication and remote sensing have been applied to automatic driving systems,of thefield energy
itsandhighstill remains
be theoreticallythe returningenergyinlaggedby -360
weefficient
can nowmechanism
receive informationof toa car’ssurroundings by remotesensing,
and weundercommunicate
wirelessly
automatic
drivingFurther,systems.itsWirelesspowertransfer (WPT)
a necessity for automatic
drivingsystems
and escalation
future mobility.
typesthatof theunclear.
noticeablecharacteristic
has notis establisheddegree. The
second“mutualmodelThe
impliesWPT include inductive near-field and far-field WPT via microwaves. Recently, the inductive near-field WPT charger of 200
since its difference to the conventional electromagnetic coupling
supplied energy is transmitted over a plurality of frequency
kW class power in 20 kHz has been applied in public electric buses in Europe and China. The far-field WPT via microwaves isremains
theoreticallyis not preferable.
fromthefor wirelessperiods
through
the foraccumulationof thefieldcar.
energy.
studiedtoinbe
universities
notunclear.
only forItwirelesschargers but
also
power
supplies
sensors in anelectric
Wireless
power
can
be
suppliedtoafartherdistanceinthefar-field
WPT
comparedwithinductivenear-field
WPT.
Wireless-powered
viewpoint of the protection of the intellectual property right.
With the aid of these two proposed model, this paper clarifies
drones with microwave technology are expected to be a novel form of mobility. In this paper, I will introduce the recent
To break throughthe above
bottleneck,this forpaper
focusesthe high efficient transfer mechanism and the noticeable
researches
on far-field
WPT via
microwaves
electric
carsonand drones.
the energy flow tracing. The Maxwell equations indicate us thatcharacteristic of the resonant WPT systems.
on resonant circuits the Q times high voltages are caused by the

To estimate the radio nose, the conventional electromagnetic

Q times large currents. The conventional circuit theory only

theory requires to identify the loop currents on inductors. The

handles in and out current without including the effect of theabove results also give the loop currents on the inductor

accumulated electronic and the magnetic field energy under the

including the secondary current excited with the accumulated

resonant condition. So, this paper proposes the “energy

field energy, which is required for estimation of the radio noisefrom the resonant WPT system.

– 25 –
Copyright © 2021 Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. All rights reserved

G2 (Special Session): Wireless Power Transfer IV

Room 1 (14:25-15:45)

Chairs: Naoki Shinohara (Kyoto University)
Giuseppe Guidi (Sintef Energy Research)20214354
G2.1

Novel Evaluation Method for Leakage Electromagnetic Field Using Coil Scaling Law for Wireless Power Transfer
System for Electric Vehicle
Hayato Sumiya1,2, Eisuke Takahashi1, Nobuhisa Yamaguchi1, Keisuke Tani1, Sakahisa Nagai2, Toshiyuki Fujita2, Hiroshi
Fujimoto2 (1DENSO CORPORATION, 2The University of Tokyo)

Abstract:
A wireless power transfer system(WPT) for electric vehicles(EVs) needs to be evaluated in its leakage electromagnetic field(EMF). It is generally determined to be measured at 10 m point when the maximum rated power is transmitted between fullscale coils. In this paper, we propose a novel evaluation method of the EMF using a coil scaling law. During the development
period, the mini-scale coils can be used to verify the leakage electromagnetic field, and the full-scale coil only needs to be
finalized to ensure that it satisfies the regulations, thus shortening the verification time and reducing the cost. In order to realize
the above, the conditions that enable equivalent evaluation of full-scale and mini-scale coils were derived.
20214357
G2.2

Development of Short-Term High Magnetic Field Generator for Biological Evaluation against Wireless Power Transfer
Systems for Electrical Vehicles
Kazuki Matsubara, Munetaka Kanagawa, Keiji Wada, Yukihisa Suzuki (Tokyo Metropolitan University)

Abstract:
Recently, wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for electrical vehicles (EVs) are attracted as a charging method. However,biological effects due to the magnetic field generated by WPT systems are concerned. Therefore, development of magnetic field
generator and evaluation of biological effects are required. This paper discusses the development of short-term high magnetic
field generator to evaluate the biological effects due to magnetic field for 85 kHz band. Experimental verification with output
current of 333.6 Arms is presented. In addition, high reproducibility of experiment is confirmed from statistics of experimental
results. In developed magnetic field generator, an average of induced internal electric field for mouse whole-body of 156.5 V/mis achieved, that is 6.82 times the basic restriction for occupational exposure of ICNIRP guideline.
20214355
G2.3Standardization of Exposure Assessment Methods of Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles
Kanako Wake, Teruo Onishi, Masao Taki (National Institute of Information and Communications Technology)

Abstract:
A wireless power transfer (WPT) is a key technology for the wide-spread use of electric vehicles (EV). It is necessary toconfirm human safety against the exposure to electromagnetic fields by EV-WPT for the wide-spread use. This paper describes
recent standardization activities of exposure assessment of WPT for EVs discussed in the International ElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC).
20214356
G2.4

Active Implantable Medical Device EMI Estimation for EV-Charging WPTSystem Based on Measurement and 3D Numerical Analysis
Takashi Hikage (Hokkaido University)

Abstract:
Numerical evaluation of active implantable pacemaker EMI using a wireless power transmission system (WPT) for electricvehicle (EV) charging is presented. In this study, a numerical model consisting of an EV-WPT and a human body phantom
was developed and used for the simulation. The interference voltage induced in the implantable pacemaker model was
determined by a three-dimensional full-wave numerical simulation based upon the finite element method (FEM). To estimate
the interference voltage in a conservative case, this study assumes an exposure scenario in which the human body's orientationand position are changed.

H1 (Special Session): Power Electronics Component and System Technologies

Room 2 (12:30-13:30)

Chairs: Hiromichi Imai (Honda Motor Co., Ltd.)
Satoshi Yasuda (TOYOTA MOTOR COPORATION)
20214358
H1.1

Newly developed technologies of Power Control Unit for various electrified vehicles
Toshio Ikeyama, Keisuke Yuki, Masaru Nakashima, Ryoji Hironaka (TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION)

Abstract:
Toyota Motor is developing new hybrid vehicles (HV) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHV) from compact class to medium class.
It also plans to increase the ratio of electric vehicles (HV, EV, PHV, FCV) to 50% toward 2025.
For the next generation, we are efficiently developing PCUs suitable for the development of vehicles with various capacities
and output, and adopting new technologies. For example, we adopted the reverse conduction IGBT (RC-IGBT) for the firsttime in the world to achieve minimization, weight reduction, and high efficiency. In this paper, we describe a technologythat adapts to various output and realizes a compact, lightweight, and low-loss PCU and output for the next generation, andadopting new technologies.

– 26 –

20214359
H1.2

GEN3 Power Control Unit for Small Hybrid Vehicle
Kenichi Takebayashi (Hitachi Astemo, Ltd.)

Abstract:
This article introduces the 3rd generation PCU (GEN3-PCU) in a small size with low costs that has been newly developed forsmall-sized 2-motor hybrid vehicles HONDA FIT based on the GEN2-PCU.
20214360
H1.3

PWM control method to improve the voltage utilization rate of the inverter
Takeshi Kuroda, Ryota Maeno, Akihiro Odaka (Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.)

Abstract:
Inverters that drive in-vehicle motors are required to be driven efficiently and stably in a wide operating range from low-speed
large torque to high-speed high-induced voltage. In order to improve the efficiency of the inverter, it is necessary to further
reduce the output current for the same torque by improving the voltage utilization rate. In this paper, we propose a PWM
control method that improves the voltage utilization rate of the inverter, and confirm its effectiveness by experiments.

H2 (Special Session): Power Semiconductor and Packaging Technologies

Room 2 (14:25-15:45)

Chairs: Shigeharu Yamagami (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.)
Michiaki Hiyoshi (Hyundai Motor Japan R&D Center, Inc.)
20214361
H2.1

Design of Semiconductor/Insulator Interfaces in SiC Trench MOSFETs to Improve Power Efficiency of Electric/Hybrid
VehiclesKatsuhiro Kutsuki, Yukihiko Watanabe (TOYOTA CENTRAL R&D LABS., Inc.)

Abstract:
This study demonstrates the factors limiting the channel mobility in SiC trench MOSFETs in order to improve the power
efficiency of electric/hybrid vehicles. Previously proposed analysis methods of the channel mobility are adopted to evaluate
the effects of the trench angle and surface morphology of trench sidewalls on the channel mobility. When the trench angle isclose to 90°, the surface is atomically flat, or both are true, the channel mobility increases. The increase could be caused by the
suppression of Coulomb scattering attributed to dangling bonds at SiC surface of trench sidewalls.
20214362
H2.2

1.2-kV Double-Sided Direct-Cooling Power Module for EV Traction Inverter
Takeshi Tokuyama1, Junpei Kusukawa1, Nobutake Tsuyuno1, Kei Suzuki2 (1Hitachi, Ltd., 2Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. )Abstract:
We propose a new 1.2-kV double-sided direct-cooling power module (PM) that uses high thermal conductive insulation sheets.
This PM uses two new insulation technologies. The first is a conductor laminated insulation sheet that divides the void voltage
inside the insulation sheet to improve a partial discharge voltage compared with a conventional sheet. The second is a new
power terminal insulation structure that uses a high comparative tracking index transfer molding resin. This new structure
achieves a narrow space design of high voltage DC terminals for reducing stray inductance and enables faster switching speeds.
We evaluate the performance of the developed PM, and the results prove its lower thermal resistance and stray inductance
performance.
20214363
H2.3

High Performance and Reliable Si Power Devices with double side Cu plate
Tatsuya Ohguro, Takako Motai, Hitoshi Kobayashi, Takuma Hara, Shinichi Umekawa (Toshiba Electronic Devices & Storage
Corporation)

Abstract:
In this work, we have developed vertical Si power MOSFETs with high performance and high reliability by using Cu doubleside plating technology. 20 μm thick Cu plating layers are formed on both sides of devices with 50 μm thick Si substrate. In thisstructure, even though Si substrate is thinner, Safety Operating Area (SOA) is wider and the warpage of chip is smaller thanks
to front and back side thick Cu plating layers because thick Cu film has higher thermal conductivity and larger heat capacity.
20214364
H2.4

Effects of crystalline defects on degradation of SiC devices
Masashi Kato (Nagoya Institute of Technology)

Abstract:
Silicon carbide (SiC) metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) are promising for power devices in electricand hybrid electric vehicles. However, at present, reliability of SiC MOSFETs is still an important issue to be solved. One ofthe origins for degradation of SiC MOSFETs performance is expansion of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) to single Shockley
stacking faults (1SSF). The expansion of 1SSFs proceeds to the epitaxial layer of SiC MOSFETs and 1SSFs act as resistive
components and degrade MOSFET performance, and thus we need to suppress the expansion of BPDs. In this paper, we reporton carrier recombination lifetime in 1SSF and SiC epitaxial layers to find the suppression methods of 1SSF expansion.

– 27 –

I1: Energy Transmission Systems to Vehicles and Global Warming II

Room 3 (12:30-14:10)

Chairs: Yutaka Ota (Osaka University)
Nobuyoshi Okui (National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory)
20214365
I1.1

CharIN e.V. – Harmonization of a global EV charging standard from vehicle to grid to high power charging
Claas Bracklo1, Michael Keller2, Jacques Borremans3 (1BMW AG, 2Volkswagen AG, 3CharIN e.V. Asia.)

Abstract:
Under the CharIN umbrella, cross-industry stakeholders like automakers, charging station manufacturers, component suppliers,
energy providers, grid operators, and many others continue moving towards interoperable charging, where vehicles, chargers,
and software systems work together and to make the user experience reliable, easy and smooth. CharIN´s holistic approach is
not limited to passenger cars. Its international community is comprised of leading global companies representing every linkto the e-mobility value chain and multiple experts who have been working together as a team to drive the requirements ofcharging all kinds of electric vehicles. Besides several further topics and activities, the scope has been extending to Commercial
Vehicles and thus, setting requirements and standards for the development of the Megawatt Charging System (MCS). In theclose future, the MCS shall also be used to charge other heavy-duty vehicles like e-ferries, ships, and planes. CharIN´s next
goal is to define requirements for the evolution of CCS related standards and for the certification of CCS based products.
20214366
I1.2

Commercial Vehicle Predictive Cruise Control Algorithm Based on Dynamic Programming
Yiran Ding, Yuhai Wang, Jianlong Hu (Jilin University)

Abstract:
The algorithm in this paper is aimed at commercial vehicles driving on composite roads including slopes. During the driving
process, the ADAS map obtains the slope information of the road ahead. Based on the principle of dynamic programming,a predictive cruise algorithm for economical driving on a ramp is designed, the torque is controlled by VCU. With fuelconsumption and driving time cost as the system cost, the economical vehicle driving speed curve of a section of road ahead is
obtained. The research results show that the predictive cruise algorithm can avoid the fuel waste caused by rapid acceleration
during the uphill process, and make full use of the gravitational potential energy in the downhill process to be converted into
kinetic energy for acceleration, effectively reducing fuel consumption.
20214367
I1.3

Online DC-driven Long-distance Heavy-duty Transportation System Based on Electric Highway System
Gaoxin Bi, Yuhai Wang, Jianlong Hu, Lin Ma, Xiangyu Chen (Jilin University)

Abstract:
With the continuous development of China's highway freight transport, the scale of highway freight transport continues toexpand, which brings a series of problems, such as energy crisis, environmental pollution, cost increase and frequent traffic
accidents. The scheme of online DC-driven long-distance heavy-duty transportation system based on electric highway system
can fundamentally improve the social and economic problems caused by long-distance and heavy-duty logistics transportation
relying on petroleum fuel . Smart catenary system, Intelligent hybrid truck and cloud control platform are the main componentsof DC-driven long-distance heavy-duty transportation system. Smart catenary system is the driving energy source of vehicles
and the information exchange bridge between "person -vehicle- road- cloud". Intelligent hybrid truck receives the powertransmitted by power catenary, senses the road and vehicle conditions in real time, uploads real-time data information to cloudcontrol platform, and uses cloud control platform for leveling According to the energy management strategy of single-vehicle
single-section optimization, multi-vehicle single-section optimization and multi-vehicle multi-section optimization, the power
catenary energy and vehicle driving state are optimized and adjusted. Through the cooperation of smart catenary system,
intelligent vehicle and cloud control platform, the safe, efficient and energy-saving operation of online DC-driven long-distanceheavy-duty transportation system can be realized.
20214368
I1.4

Rule-Based Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid System of Heavy Commercial Vehicle
Xiaozhi Li, Yuhai Wang, Jianlong Hu (Jilin University)

Abstract:
This paper takes a heavy truck as the prototype, the vehicle is redesigned on the basis of the original power system, and it
is transformed into a single-axle parallel hybrid electric vehicle to achieve lower fuel consumption and emissions, as well
as better power performance. Considering the operating characteristics of heavy commercial vehicles, the components andparameters of the hybrid power system are determined at first. on this basis, a rule-based hybrid energy management strategy isestablished in Matlab/Simulink, and the energy management strategy is jointly simulated with the vehicle model built in Cruise.
Finally, the dynamic performance and economic performance of the vehicle are simulated and verified, the results show thatthe rule-based hybrid energy management strategy for heavy commercial vehicles can significantly improve the fuel economyof the vehicle while ensuring the power of the vehicle.

– 28 –

20214369
I1.5

MAHLE Urban Mobility Concept- Design and Validation of a 48 V Urban Mobility Vehicle for the Future Jonathan Hall1, Daniel Rieger2, Mike Bassett1, Stephen Borman1, Simon Reader1, Martin Berger2 (1MAHLE Powertrain
Limited, 2MAHLE International GmbH)

Abstract:
The current challenges for the automotive industry as well as the advancing urbanization lead to new mobility concepts
and powertrain technologies. MAHLE developed a fully electric urban vehicle concept called MEET – MAHLE EfficientElectric Transport. It combines MAHLE’s core competence and expertise in electric powertrains, thermal management, as
well as climate comfort. Right at the start of the development key aspects of urban mobility were identified to determine
the characteristics of MAHLE’s urban vehicle concept. MEET gives an outlook for future mobility and it shows the holistic
approach for an efficient system solution for the electrified urban mobility.

– 29 –

Pursuing Breakthrough Performance

Drawing on more than a century of expertise in the development
and fabrication of advanced materials, we will contribute to
the realization of a sustainable society through continuous
technological innovation.

https://www.furukawa.co.jp/en/
Head Office: Marunouchi Nakadori Bldg., 2-3, Marunouchi 2-chome Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8322, Japan
TEL: +81-3-3286-3001 FAX: +81-3-3286-3919

Ϡʖνʀ΢ϱώʖνઅ‫֋ܯ‬൅͹ʰࠕͤ͛ࢾ‫͏ͪ͢ݩ‬ʱͶ͕Ԣ͓͢Ήͤʄʰ΢ʖϠρςʱ
T
TM

EVʀHEVϠʖνण୙ࢾ‫ݩ‬ʀϪϱνϩϧϚ˛ࣙऀ͹અඍ͗‫͏͵͏ͱ͏ۯ‬˛ࢾ‫ͤݩ‬Ζਕघ͗ଏΕ͵͏͕໲͏߻Κͦ

˛ࣙऀઅඍ͹೵ྙ͗෈ଏ͢ͱ͏Ζʰक͵࢕༹ʱ
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20,000 r/min࠹୉φϩέ
150 Nm࠹୉ड़ྙ
50 kWͤ͟གྷ๮͹ড়݇Ͷ߻Κͦͱɼ࠹న͵અඍߑ੔Ν͟఑Ҍ͏ͪ͢Ήͤɽ˛ࢾ‫ܯݩ‬ժ͖ΔࣰࢬΉͲɼҲؑ͢ͱ೜ͦͪ͏
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‫ࣞה‬ճऀ τέωΩϩγϛʖφˡ431-1304 ੫Ԯ‫ݟ‬ශনࢤ๼ۢࡋߒௌ஦ઔ7000-71

TEL (053)523-2231(େ)

FAX (053)523-2271

E-mail oishi@t-support.co.jp URL http://www.t-support.co.jp 
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The Capacitor Forum was established in April 2005 for the purpose of improving andpromoting the application of energy storage technology using high-capacity capacitors suchas electric double-layer capacitors and lithium-ion capacitors.
Currently, with Dr. Yoichi Hori, who advocates the concept of "motor/capacitor/wireless" aschairman, the forum has members (27 corporations and 33 individuals) from a wide rangeof fields, including not only capacitor manufacturers but also manufacturers of materials
and applied applications, universities, and research institutes, and conducts activities suchas annual conferences, monthly forums, publication of newsletters, exchanges withoverseas countries, and domestic and international technical surveys.
About http://capacitors-forum.org/

Contact zimukyoku@capacitors-forum.org

You have a Free Ticket for

2021 JSAE Annual Congress (Spring)
26 -28 May 2021
Online Event

362 Presentations / 80 Technical Sessions
https://www.jsae.or.jp/2021haru/english/participant.html
Register for free with your EVTeC registration number