`Background:

Climate change is becoming an increasing threat to the health and well-being of more than 1 billion
people in Asia. Climate change mitigation strategies such as the deployment of renewable energy,energy efficiency, and other sectoral policies can create some additional benefits. These benefits,termed as co-benefits, may involve but are not limited to improved air quality, better public health,and socio-economic development. These benefits could offset the cost of climate control programs
and help to realize sustainable development in Asia. Policymakers often lack the analytical methods
and practical experience to assess the potential of the co-benefits. To address this issue, incollaboration with researchers of this field, a book titled “Aligning Climate Change and Sustainable
Development Policies in Asia: quantifying, integrating, and advancing co-benefits” is compiled.

Workshop Objectives:
The objective of the workshop was to discuss the concept of the co-benefits, tools, and methods
needed to quantify co-benefits, the case studies from different countries, and future prospects of cobenefits. The future roadmap of research in this field was also conveyed.

Organizers and Participants:

The Workshop was streamlined online on Youtube and was attended by professors and scholars
worldwide. The speakers joined the workshop through the online platform ZOOM.

Chairs and moderators:

Assoc. Prof. Hooman Farzaneh, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences,Kyushu University (IGSES), Japan
Dr. Eric Zusman, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan
Dr. Satoshi Kojima, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan
Dr. Subhes Bhattacharyya, De Monfort University, United Kingdom

local committee:
Ababr Sajid, Energy and Environmental Systems Laboratory, IGSES, Kyushu University.
Malehmirchegini Ladan, Energy and Environmental Systems Laboratory, IGSES, Kyushu
University.
Maiko Kawabata, Platform of Inter/Transdisciplinary Energy Research (Q-PIT), Kyushu
University.

Workshop Secretary:Yukiko Takahara, Energy and Environmental Systems Laboratory, IGSES, Kyushu University.

Workshop ProgramTime
14:00-14:10
14:10-14:30

14:30-15:10

15:10–15:30

15:30-16:00

16:00-17:00

17:00-17:10

17:10-18:10

18:10-18:30

Welcoming remarks

Program and Speaker
Welcoming remarks

Mr. Toshiyuki YAMASAKI, Director, Office of International Cooperation in Air and Water
Quality Management, Ministry of the Environment, Japan
Introductory Session
Co-benefits: Core Concepts and Applications
Dr. Eric Zusman, IGES, Japan
Moderator: Assoc Prof. Hooman Farzaneh, Kyushu University, Japan
Session I: Quantitative Modeling of Climate co-benefits and Sustainable Development-Integrated energy-environment-public health-economy assessment of the utilization ofhigh-efficiency Heat Only Boilers in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Assoc Prof. Hooman Farzaneh, Kyushu University, Japan-Co-benefits of policies on the market for energy efficiency and the environment in IranProf. Yadollah Saboohi, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, IranModerator: Dr. Eric Zusman, IGES, Japan
Short breakSpecial Keynote:
Interactions between urban and rural air pollution in Asia, and the multiple development
benefits of coordinated action
Dr. Zbigniew Klimont, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA),
Austria
Session 2: Co-benefits of Climate Change Mitigation Strategies-Co-benefits of renewable energy policies in South Korea
Dr. Yeora Chae, Korea Environment Institute, South Korea- Co-benefits of renewable energy policies in Japan
Dr. Etsujiro Takai, IGES,, Japan-Co-benefits of renewable energy policies in China
Prof. Mao Xianqiang , Beijing Normal University China
Moderator: Dr. Satoshi Kojima, IGES
Short break
Session 3: New Perspectives on Co-benefits- Japan’s low-carbon technology collaboration with Southeast Asia: Co-innovation and Cobenefits
Dr. Nandakumar Janardhanan, IGES,, Japan
Biodiversity Co-benefits: From Analytical to Action-Oriented Research
Dr. Kaoru Akahoshi, IGES, Japan
Creating Social Co-benefits for Sustainable and Just Society
Dr. So-Young Lee, IGES, Japan
Moderator: Dr. Subhes Bhattacharyya, De Monfort University, United Kingdom
Closing Remarks
Dr. Eric Zusman, IGES, Japan

The Workshop started with a welcome address by Mr. Toshiyuki Yamasaki, Director, Office ofInternational Cooperation in Air and Water Quality Management, Ministry of Environment of Japan(MOEJ). Referring to the Japanese target of Carbon-Neutrality by 2050, he shared the mission of MOEJ torealize this objective by employing the co-benefit approach through the implementation of projects inthe Asian region.

Introductory Session

Dr. Eric Zusman introduced the book entitled “Aligning Climate Change and Sustainable Development
Policies in Asia: quantifying, integrating, and advancing co-benefits” and laid down the foundation of theworkshop by discussing the concept of co-benefits. He argued that, in developing countries, theimplementation of climate change mitigation strategies is constrained economically, and linking climatechange with the local development programs can help persuade the local governments and policymakers.

Session 1 (Quantitative Modeling of Climate Change co-benefits and Sustainable Development)

The first session was moderated by Dr. Eric Zusman, IGES, Japan, which focused on quantitative modelingof Climate co-benefits and Sustainable Development. The session started with Prof. Yadollah Saboohi,
Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, discussing co-benefits of policies on the market for energy
efficiency and Iran's environment. He briefly explained the energy situation and challenges in Iran
including energy usage, pricing, greenhouse gas emission, and the potential of energy-saving andassociated emission reduction in Iran. Later, he Introduced the policies that will be implemented in themarket for energy efficiency and the environment, indicated as M3E. Then he illustrated an example ofimplementing the policy and showed the results, including energy efficiency and reduction of GHGsemissions in a case study of the steel industry in Iran. He also explained the long-term approach ofemploying hydrogen in industry, its results, and potential opportunities.
Next, Assoc. Prof. Hooman Farzaneh, Kyushu University, Japan, discussed Integrated energyenvironment-public health-economy assessment of high-efficiency Heat Utilization Boilers in
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, to counter air pollution. The study was based on the joined project between
Kyushu University and IGES in alignment with the Japan-Mongolia partnership to promote the JCM for
low-carbon development. He demonstrated the quantification model and outcomes of the study in
reducing local air pollution, improvement in public health, and well-being. Then estimated the co-benefitof extending the project to model to whole available HOBs in Ulaanbaatar. He concluded by explaining
the project's future scope briefly, which will be to complete the assessment, including technical andinstitutional dimensions of co-benefits. At the end of his presentation, he introduced his recent bookentitled “Aligning Climate Change and Sustainable Development Policies.
As the last speaker of this session, Dr. Zbigniew Klimont from IIASA focused on the air pollution, mostly
particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.25), caused in the Asian cities and illustrated that a major share of airpollution is contributed from the neighboring areas. He analyzed that measures such as energy efficiency,
electrification of the transport system, sustainable agriculture, and waste management can effectively
help control air pollution as a co-benefit to their desired sustainable goals. He also appreciated thecollaboration between IIASA and MOEJ Japan to realize such projects to combat contemporary
environmental challenges. He concluded by emphasizing that air quality management requires anintegrated approach and a better understanding of multiple benefits of policy interventions and theirdistribution across different groups in society could enhance public support for changes as are necessary
for these long-term transformations.

Session II (Co-benefits of Climate Change Mitigation Strategies)

The second session, moderated by Dr. Satoshi Kojima, focused on “Co-benefits of the Climate Change
Mitigation Strategies”. The session started with Dr. Yeora Chae from Korea Environment Institute (KIA),South Korea, presented the case study covering South Korean Renewable Energy Policy 2030 to figureout the associated co-benefits. She addressed a strong need to have a transformational approach tosustainable development pathways to tackle climate risks. According to her analysis related to the RE
Policy 2030, there is a potential of 25,926 Billion KRW on account of the co-benefits. She concluded bystating that the main barrier to the deployment of renewable technologies is their comparatively higher
costs, but the co-benefits' consideration can offset a reasonable share of these costs to make them moreattractive and competitive.
Next, Dr. Etsujiro Takai, IGES, Japan, discussed “Co-benefits of renewable energy policies in Japan andbarriers and ways forward”. First, he briefly explained the potential for co-benefits from renewableenergy in japan by presenting the renewable energy policies and the future outlook of energy until 2050.
Then, he discussed technical, social, and political barriers for renewable energy deployment andsuggested the solutions for clearing them, such as technological innovations, cost reduction, andevaluation of co-benefits. Finally, he explained the Regional Circular and Economic Sphere (Regional CES)
concept and role to establish linkages between multiple social, economic, and environmental issues andgave Shimokawa Town.
As the last presenter of the session, Prof. Mao Xianqiang targeted solar energy policy as a case study torealize the potential associated reduction of carbon emissions. Based on the stated national energy policy
scenario, it was estimated that 1600 Billion RMB could be saved as the co-benefits of deploying solar
renewable energy for electricity and heating purpose. Being the largest manufacturer and contributor inPV panels export, China is also supporting climate change programs and realizing the associated cobenefits on a global scale. In the end, he briefly addressed the challenges related to renewabledeployment and suggestions to counter them.

Session III (New perspectives on Co-benefits)

The last session of the workshop moderated by Dr. Subhes Bhattacharyya, De Monfort University, United
Kingdom, discussed new perspectives on co-benefits. The session started with Dr.Kohei Hibino, IGES,Japan, by presenting “Japan’s low-carbon technology collaboration with Southeast Asia”. He explained
the co-innovation network concept that consists of scaling up and co-learning, co-monitoring andevaluation, co-production and co-manufacturing, and co-design and co-development. In the context ofenvironment, economy, and society, he demonstrated the relationship between co-innovation and cobenefits. In the following, he explained the methodological approach of three city-city collaboration casestudies of the research involving Takakura Composting Method in Indonesia, addressing water security
challenges in Danang city of Vietnam and the installation of a water distribution block system Phnom
Penh of Cambodia. Based on his discussion, while advanced technology is critical for helping developing
countries move towards low carbon development, making these technologies locally adaptive isessential.

The next presenter, Dr. Kaoru Akahoshi presented the linkage between the co-benefits and biodiversity.
She started by the global efforts to safeguard biodiversity and its positioning and climate change, i.e.,
Paris Agreement 2015. She also argued the importance of biodiversity co-benefits from natural science,
biodiversity, and economic perspective. She also introduced the mechanism and framework that can help
connect biodiversity with climate change mitigation strategies. She concluded by emphasizing that there
is a need to integrate local, national/global levels on this issue to advance actions of biodiversity cobenefits.
The last presenter of this session was Dr. So-Young Lee, IGES, Japan, presenting “Creating Social Cobenefits for Sustainable and Just Society”. First, she explained social co-benefits in climate negotiations
like clean development mechanism, sustainable development goals, and green climate fund. Then she
discussed the implementations of the social co-benefits initiatives, including ridership for low-income
and elderly citizens, energy creation with women and locals, and low-carbon city through participatory
governance. She mentioned that the ultimate goal of social co-benefits is to provide benefits to locals
and society; hence, solutions should vary to engage those affected rather than one-fits-all. She alsomentioned that key means of implementation to open potentials of last long result could be multi-leveland multi-benefits approach and citizen participation.

Wrap-up:
The workshop was attended by speakers from well-known international universities and institutes sharing
their research and experiences related to the context of Co-benefits. It addressed the framework forrealizing the co-benefits, including developing new technologies (i.e., hydrogen-based) and managing theinstitutional policy issues related to co-benefits and how they can be incorporated in the analyticalmodeling framework. The need for coordination between urban and nearby areas was emphasized. The
idea of co-innovation was introduced for mutual technological development. Finally, the new perspectiveof co-benefits such as biodiversity and natural resources were demonstrated.