Standards and Target Values for Operating Equipment in Factories etc.
Table (1) Air ratios for boilers
Classification

Air Ratio

Item

Load
Factor（％）

For electric utility *30t/h or more
General boilers
10 to less than 30 t/h
Standard (evaporation
5 to less than 10 t/h
volume)Less than 5 t/h
Small once-through boilers
For electric utility *30t/h or more
General boilers
10 to less than 30 t/h
Target (evaporation
5 to less than 10 t/h
volume)Less than 5 t/h
Small once-through boilers

75 - 100
50 - 100
50 - 100
50 - 100
50 - 100
100
75 - 100
50 - 100
50 - 100
50 - 100
50 - 100
100

Solid Fuel
Fixed Bed

Fluidized
Bed

Liquid FuelGas fuel

1.3 - 1.45
1.3 - 1.45
1.2 - 1.3
1.2 - 1.3-

1.2 - 1.45
1.2 - 1.45
1.2 - 1.25
1.2 - 1.25-

1.05 - 1.2
1.1 - 1.25
1.15 - 1.3
1.2 - 1.3
1.2 - 1.3
1.3 - 1.45
1.05 - 1.1
1.05 - 1.15
1.15 - 1.25
1.15 - 1.3
1.15 - 1.3
1.25 - 1.4

1.05 - 1.1
1.1 - 1.2
1.15 - 1.3
1.2 - 1.3
1.2 - 1.3
1.25 - 1.4
1.05 - 1.1
1.05 - 1.15
1.15 - 1.25
1.15 - 1.25
1.15 - 1.25
1.2 - 1.35

Byproduced
gas such as
blast furnacegas
1.2
1.2 - 1.3
1.15 - 1.2
1.2 - 1.3-

*The classification “for electric utility” above refers to boilers installed by electric power companies for power generation< Standard >Note 1：The standard values of air ratio mentioned in the table above define those to be obtained inmeasurements at the boiler outlet when fired at a constant level of load after regular inspection and ina stable state.
Note 2：Turbine load factor shall be used for boilers installed for power generation, and the load factor of theboiler itself for those installed for other purposes.
Note 3：The air ratio value of each boiler should be calculated using the following expression. Round theresult to one decimal place if the corresponding standard value as defined above is significant
down to the first decimal, and to two decimal places if it is significant down to the second decimal.
Air ratio = 21/[21 - (Oxygen concentration in the exhaust emission in percentage)]
Note 4：As to the pulverized coal fired boiler included in the fixed bed solid fuel types, standard air ratio
values of 1.15-1.3 shall apply to electric utilities, and 1.2-1.3 to other applications (those having
the quantity of evaporation of 30 t/h or more, and of 10 to less than 30 t/h only).

< Target >Note 1：The target values of air ratio mentioned in the table above define those to be obtained in measurements
at the boiler outlet when fired at a constant level of load after regular inspection and in a stable state.
Note 2：Refer to Notes 2 and 3 of the above < Standard > for calculation of load factor and air ratio.
Note 3：As to the pulverized coal fired boiler included in the fixed bed solid fuel types, target air ratio valuesof 1.15-1.25 shall apply to electric utilities, and 1.2-1.25 to other applications (those having thequantity of evaporation of 30 t/h or more, and of 10 to less than 30 t/h only).
Note 4：Target air ratio values shall be 1.2-1.3 for boilers firing black liquor at a load factor between 50 and100%.

Table (2) Waste gas temperatures for boilers
Classification

Waste gas temperature
Liquidfuel

Gas fuel

Byproduced
gas such as
blast
furnace gas

145
200
200
220
250
250
135
160
160
180
200
200

110
170
170
200
220
220
110
140
140
160
180
180

200
200
190
190
-

Solid fuel
ItemStandard

TargetFor electric utility *30t/h or more
General10 to less than 30t/h
boilers(evaporation 5 to less than 10/t
volume)Less than 5t/h
Small once-through boilers
For electric utility *30t/h or more
General10 to less than 30t/h
boilers(evaporation 5 to less than 10/t
volume)Less than 5t/h
Small once-through boilers

Fixed
bed

Fluidized
bed

200
250
180
180
-

200
200
170
170
300
320
-

* The classification “for electric utility” above refers to boilers installed by electric power companies for power
generation< Standard >* The classification “for electric utility” above refers to boilers installed by electric power companies for
power generation.
Note 1：The standard values of waste gas temperature mentioned in the table above define those to be obtained
in measurements at the boiler outlet when fired at 100% of load factor (turbine load factor shall be
used for boilers installed for power generation, and the load factor of the boiler itself for thoseinstalled for other applications) after regular inspection, with its inlet air temperature set at 20ºC. The
boiler outlet may be the outlet of a waste heat recovery plant or a flue gas treatment system forenvironmental protection if such equipment is in use.
Note 2：As to the pulverized coal fired boiler included in the fixed bed solid fuel types, standard waste gas
temperature values of 150ºC shall apply to electric utilities, and 200ºC to other applications(those having the quantity of evaporation of 30 t/h or more, and of 10 to less th an 30 t/h only).

< Target >Note 1：The target values of waste gas temperature mentioned in the table above define those to be obtained inmeasurements at the boiler outlet when fired at 100% of load factor (turbine load factor shall be used
for boilers installed for power generation, and the load factor of the boiler itself for those installed forother applications) after regular inspection, with its inlet air temperature set at 20ºC. The boiler outlet
may be the outlet of a waste heat recovery plant or a flue gas treatment system for environmental
protection if such equipment is in use.
Note 2：As to the pulverized coal fired boiler included in the fixed bed solid fuel types, target waste gas
temperature values of 140ºC shall apply to electric utilities, and 160ºC to other applications (thosehaving the quantity of evaporation of 30 t/h or more, and of 10 to less than 30 t/h only).
Note 3：Target waste gas temperature values shall be 180ºC for boilers firing black liquor.

Table (3) Air ratios for industrial furnaces
Gas fuel
ItemStandard Melting furnace for metal forging
Continuous reheating furnace (billet, bloom,slab)Metal heating furnace other the above
Metal heat treatment furnace
Oil heating furnace
Thermal decomposition furnace and reforming
furnace
Cement kiln

TargetContinuous
type
1.25
1.20
1.25
1.20
1.20
1.20

Liquid fuelIntermittent
type
1 .35
1 .35
1.25
-

Continuous
type
1.3
1 .25
1 .25
1 .25
1 .25
1 .25

Intermittent
type
1.4
1 .35
1.3
-

1.30

-

1.3

-

*1

Coal kiln
Drying furnace
Melting furnace for metal forging
Continuous reheating furnace (billet, bloom,slab)Metal heating furnace other than the above

1.30
1.25
1.05-1.20
1.05-1.15

1.35
1.45
1.05-1.25
-

1.3
1.3
1.05-1.25
1.05-1.20

1.35
1.5
1.05-1.30-*1*2

1.05-1.20

1.05-1.30

1.05-1.20

1.05-1.30

Metal heat treatment furnace
Oil heating furnace

1.05-1.15
1.05-1.20

1.05-1.25-

1.05-1.20
1.05-1.25

1.05-1.30-

Thermal decomposition furnace and reforming
furnace
Cement kiln

1.05-1 .20-

1.05-1.25-

1.05-1.25-

1.05-1.25-

Coal kiln
Drying furnace

1.05-1.25
1.05-1.35
1.05-1.25
1.05-1.35
1.05-1.25
1.05-1.45
1.05-1.30
1.05-1.50*1 Value of liquid fuel in case pulverized coal firing*2 Burner portion only

*1
*1
*2

< Standard >Note 1：The standard values of air ratio mentioned in the table above define those to be obtained inmeasurements at the exhaust port of kiln or furnace when fired at a level of load around the rated
after inspection and repair.
Note 2：Standard values for liquid fuel types shall apply to industrial furnaces that use by-product gases suchas blast furnace gas as fuel.

< Target >Note 1：The target values of air ratio mentioned in the table above define those to be obtained in measurements
at the exhaust port of kiln or furnace when fired at a level of load around the rated after inspection
and repair.
Note 2：Target values for liquid fuel types shall apply to industrial furnaces that use by-product gases such as
blast furnace gas as fuel.

Table (4) Standard and target rates of waste heat recovery for industrial furnaces(including waste gas temperatures for reference)

Exhaust gas
temperature(℃)
Less than 500
500 - 600
600 - 700

700 - 800

800 - 900

900-1 ,000

1 ,000 or more

Capacity
category

Standard
waste heatrecoveryrate (%)

Targetwaste heatrecoveryrate (%)

A・B
A・B
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C

25
25
35
30
25
35
30
25
40
30
25
45
35
30
45
35
30

35
35
40
35
30
40
35
30
45
40
35
55
45
40
55
45
40

Reference
Waste gas
Preheated airtemperature (℃) temperature (℃)
275
190
335
230
365
305
400
270
435
230
420
350
460
310
505
265
435
440
480
395
525
345
385
595
485
490
535
440
-

* In the above table, A refers to the furnaces with the rated capacity of 84,000 MJ per hour or more. And B
includes the furnaces with the rated capacity from 21,000MJ per hour or more to less than 84,000MJ.
Finally, C refers to the furnaces that have the hourly rated capacity from 840MJ or more to less than
21,000MJ.
< Standard >Note 1：The standard waste heat recovery rates mentioned in the table above define the percentage of recoveredheat in relation to sensible heat of the exhaust gas emitted from the furnace chamber when fired at alevel of load around the rated.
< Target >Note 1：The target waste heat recovery rates mentioned in the table above define the percentage of recovered heatin relation to sensible heat of the exhaust gas emitted from the furnace chamber when fired at a level ofload around the rated.
Note 2：The waste gas and preheated air temperature values indicated above as reference are those resulting from
calculations of waste gas temperatures during waste heat recovery at the corresponding target rates andair temperatures during preheating using such recovered heat. The values have been calculated basedon the following conditions:(i) Temperature drop due to heat radiation-diffusion loss between furnace outlet and heat exchanger:
60ºC(ii) Heat radiation-diffusion rate from heat exchanger: 5%(iii) Use of liquid fuel (equivalent to heavy oil)(iv) Outside air temperature: 20ºC(v) Air ratio: 1.2

Table (5) Standard and target values of furnace wall outer surface temperatures(for industrial furnaces with furnace temperatures of 500℃ and higher)
ItemStandard

TargetFurnace temperature (℃)

Furnace wall outer surface temperature (℃)
Ceiling

Side wall

Bottom in contact with open air

1,300 or more

140

120

180

1,1 00-1,300

125

110

145

900-1,1 00

110

95

120

less than 900

90

80

100

1,300 or more

120

110

160

1,1 00-1,300

110

100

135

900-1 ,1 00

100

90

110

Less than 900

80

70

90

< Standard >Note 1：The standard values of furnace wall outer surface temperature mentioned in the table above
define the average temperature of furnace wall outer surface (except specific parts) during its
normal, steady operation at an outside air temperature of 20ºC.
< Target >Note 1：The target values of furnace wall outer surface temperature mentioned in the table above define theaverage temperature of furnace wall outer surface (except specific parts) during its normal, steady
operation at an outside air temperature of 20ºC.

Table (6) Standard value and target value of power factor< Standard >The standard value of power factor at the power receiving end is 95% or more.
< Target >The target value of power factor at the power receiving end is 98% or more and it is applied to theequipment listed below and electric power substation facilities.
Equipment name

Capacity (kW)Cage-type induction motor

more than 75

Coil-type induction motor

more than 100

Induction furnace

more than 50

Vacuum melting furnace

more than 50

Induction heater

more than 50

Arc furnace-

Flash but welder (excluding portable type)more than 10

Arc welder (excluding portable type)more than 10

Rectifiermore than 10,000

Table (7) Target efficiencies of high efficiency motors

7

8

9

Table (8) Benchmark index and medium-and long-term target level
Classification
1A

1B

1C

2

Business Field
Iron manufacturing using blast
furnaces(business to manufacture pig iron using
blast furnaces to manufacture products)
Common steel manufacturing using
electrical furnaces(business to manufacture pig iron using
electrical furnaces to manufacture rolled
steel products, excluding ironmanufacturing using blast furnaces)

Special steel manufacturing using
electrical furnaces(business to manufacture pig iron using
electrical furnaces to manufacture special
steel products(rolled special steel
products, hot special steel pipes,
cold-drawn special steel pipes,
cold-finished special steel products,
forged special steel products, casted
special steel products),excluding ironmanufacturing using blast furnaces)(1)The value obtained by A/B
A:Energy consumption in the process to manufacture
raw steel using electrical furnaces
0.143 kL/t or less
B:Amountofraw steel(2)The value obtained by A/B
A:Energy consumption in the process to manufacturerolled common steel products from billet
B:Amountofrolled steel
Sum of (1) and (2)(1)The value obtained by A/B
A:Energy consumption in the process to manufacture
raw steel using electrical furnaces
B:Amountofraw steel(2)The value obtained by A/B
0.36 kL/t or less
A:Energy consumption in the process to manufacture
special steel products(rolled special steel products,
hot special steel pipes, cold-drawn special steel
pipes, cold-finished special steel products, forgedspecial steel products, casted special steel
products)from billet
B: Amount of shipped (sold) steel
Type A Index
Electrical supplier(industry that supplies electricity
Sum of the following (1) to (3)determined by2.1of Act on the Rational (1) Efficiency of coal fired power plant divided by
Use of Energy among general electricity the target value (41.00%) multiple the ratio of coalindustry determined by2.1.1of Electricity fired power production vs. total power production
Type A Index
Utilities Industry Law or wholesale(2) Efficiency of gas fired power plant divided by the
1.00 or more
electricity industry determined by 2.1.3
target value (48.00%) multiple the ratio of gas firedof Electricity Utilities Industry Law)
power production vs. total power production(3) Efficiency of oil and other fuel fired power plant
divided by the target value (39.00%) multiple theratio of oil and other fuel fired power production vs.
total power production

Cement manufacturing(business to manufacture portland
cement (JIS R5210),
blast furnace cement (JIS R 5211),
silica cement (JIS R5212),
fly-ash cement (JIS R5213))
3

Benchmark Index
Level to Target
The value obtained by A/B
A:Energy consumption in the blast furnaces for steel
0.531 kL/t or lessbusiness
B:Amountofraw steel
Sum of (1) and (2)Type B Index
Sum of the following (1) to (3)(1) Efficiency of coal fired power plant multiple theratio of coal fired power production vs. total power
production(2) Efficiency of gas fired power plant multiple theratio of gas fired power production vs. total power
production(3) Efficiency of oil and other fuel fired power plant
multiple the ratio of oil and other fuel fired power
production vs. total power production
Total of (1) to (4)(1)The value obtained by A/B
A: Energy consumption in the raw material process
B: Production volume in the raw material part(2)The value obtained by A/B
A: Energy consumption in the pyroprocess
B: Production volume in the pyroprocess part(3)The value obtained by A/B
A: Energy consumption in the finishing process
B: Production volume in the finishing part(4)The value obtained by A/B
A: Energy consumption in the shipping process, etc.
B: Shipping volume

10

Type B Index
44.3 % or more

3739 MJ/t or less

Classification

4A

4B

Business Field
Paper manufacturing(mainly, business to manufacture paper(printing paper (including coated printing
paper, lightweight coated printing paperand excluding tissue paper),communication paper, packing paper andnewsprint paper) from wood pulp, usedpaper and other fibers, excluding
business to manufacture special paper
such as hybrid paper etc. and sanitary
paper)
Paperboard manufacturing(mainly, business to manufacture board
paper (linerboard for corrugatedboard(liner and corrugating medium) andboard paper for paper ware (including
white paperboard, strawboard, color
board and chip ball)from wood pulp,
used paper and other fibers, excluding
business to manufacture base paper forbuilding material, insulating paper, basepaper for food and other special paper)5

Oil refining industry(industry determined by2.5ofPetroleum
Stockpiling Act)

6A

Basic petrochemicals manufacturing(including derivatives produced from an
integrated process)

6B

Soda chemical industry

7

Convenience Store

8

Hotel

Benchmark Index

Level to Target

The value obtained by A/B
A: Energy consumption in the process to
manufacture paper
B: Production volume6626 MJ/t or less

The value obtained by A/B
A: Energy consumption in the process to
manufacture paper board
B: Production volume4944 MJ/t or less

The value obtained by A/B
A: Energy consumption in the petroleum refining
process
B: Total of multiplying (1) by (2)(1)Coefficient recognized as appropriate based on
0.876 or lessthe world average etc. of each plant in the petroleum
refining process(2)Oil throughput of each plant in the petroleum
refining process
The value obtained by A/B
A: Energy consumption in the process to
manufacture ethylene
B: Production volume of ethylene etc. (Products:
ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, etc.)
Total of(1)and(2)11.9 GJ/t or less

(1)The value obtained by A/B
A: Energy consumption in the electrolytic process
B: Weight of sodium hydroxide from electrolytic cell 3.22 GJ/t or less(2)The value obtained by A/B
A: Heat quantity of steam usage in the concentration
process
B: Weight of liquid sodium hydroxide
The value obtained by A/B
A: Total amount of electricity consumption for thestore.
B: Annual sales of the store
The value obtained by A/B or weighted average of
those values of each hotel in the term of energy
consumed for each hotel when plural hotels areoperated.
A: Energy consumption (unit: GJ)
B: Sum of the following values (1) – (7)(1) 2.238 multiple the areas of guest rooms andcommon space (unit: m2).
(2) 6.060 multiple the areas of restaurants, dining
rooms and banquet rooms. (unit: m2)(3) 0.831 multiple the area of indoor parking (unit:m2)(4) -48.241 multiple the maximum capacity for thelodger.
(5) 32.745 multiple the number of employees

11845 kWh/mmYenor less

0.723 or less(6) 0.152 multiple the annual total of lodgers(7) 0.030 multiple the annual total of guests fordining and banquet
The value obtained by A/B or weighted average of
those values of each hotel in the term of energy
consumed for each hotel when plural hotels areoperated.
9

Department Store

A: Energy consumption (unit: GJ)
B: Sum of the following values (1) – (3)(1) 0.0531 multiple the total floor area (unit: m2).
(2) 0.0256 multiple the annual total sales amount(unit: million yen)

0.792 or less

The value obtained by A/B or weighted average of
those values of each hotel in the term of energy
consumed for each hotel when plural hotels areoperated.
10

Super Market

11

Shopping Mall

12

Office Building

A: Energy consumption (unit: GJ)
0.799 or less
B: Sum of the following values (1) – (3)(1) 2.543 multiple the total floor area (unit: m2).
(2) 0.684 multiple the annual total of business hours(unit: hours)(3) 5.133 multiple the total length of cold showcase(unit: feet)
Weighted average of A in terms of energy usage ineach store.
0.0305 kl/m2
A: the energy usage of each store (kl) divided by theor less
total floor area (m2)
The average of energy saving potential of eachbuilding calculated by the accredited software.

12

16.3 % or less

Table (9) Target power generation efficiency
Target power
generation
terminal
efficiency

Type of power generation

Coal fired power generation
Gas fired power generation
Oil or other fuel fired power generation

(％)
42.0
50.5
39.0

Note 1：Target power generation terminal efficiencies listed above are based on higher heat value of the
fuel.
Note 2 : Target power generation terminal efficiencies listed above are not applicable to the power
generation plant that is built at small remote island for policy reasons.
Note 3 : Target power generation terminal efficiencies listed above are not applicable to the gas fired
power generation plant which capacity is smaller than 200 MW and fulfills the following
conditions:(1) capable to change output at the rate of 15 % per minute or faster from starting-up to maximum
output operation.
(2) power generation terminal efficiency based on higher heat value of the fuel at the rated output isgreater than 44.5%.

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