Energy Efficiency Standards Subcommittee, Advisory Committee for Natural
Resources and Energy
Luminaire Evaluation Standards Subcommittee
Final Report (bulb type fluorescent lamp)

For the luminaire which uses the fluorescent lamp only as the main light source (hereinafter referred to as “fluorescent lamp luminaries”), the evaluation standards ofmanufacturers for the fluorescent luminaire in the final report of the Fluorescent Lamp
Luminaire Evaluation Standards Subcommittee, Energy Efficiency Standards Subcommittee, Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy (December 17,1998) were determined and FY2005 was the target year.
To study the new target value of luminaires including bulb type fluorescent lamps thatare not currently covered, the Luminaire Evaluation Subcommittee was established,
the evaluation standards of luminaire manufacturers or importers (hereinafter referred
to as “manufacturers” were discussed and the final report was prepared as follows.
For fluorescent lamp luminaires, the interim report was prepared at the subcommittee(4th) held in December, 2008 and it was reported at the Energy Efficiency Standards
Subcommittee held in the same month. The bulb type fluorescent lamp was continuously discussed at the subcommittee and the following final report (draft) was prepared.
1. Designated equipment [Refer to Attachment 1]
Bulb type fluorescent lamp. This excludes the reflector type, light control type, color
lamp, black light, chicken house type, transparent type and separate ballast type.
2. Evaluation parameters for manufacturers, etc.
(1) Target fiscal year [Refer to Attachment 2]
FY2012(2) Target standard values [Refer to Attachments 3 and 4]
With respect to bulb type fluorescent lamp luminaires from each manufacturer,
etc. that ships within Japan during the target fiscal year, the average of the energy consumption efficiency (lm/W) measured in (3) weighted by the number ofunits shipped by each manufacturer, etc. for each category in the table below
shall not exceed the target standard values.
Table 1 Classification of bulb type fluorescent lamps and target standard values
Category
1
2
3
4
5
6

Lamp size
10W type

15W type

Lamp lightcolor

Lamp shape

Bulb color
Daylight
white
Daylight
Bulb color
Daylight
white
Daylight

1

Top runnervalue(lm/W)
60.6
58.1

Target standard
value (lm/W)
60.6
58.1

55.0
67.5
65.0

55.0
67.5
65.0

60.8

60.8

7

25W type

Bulb color

8

D type72.4

72.4

Non-D type

69.1

69.1

9
10

Daylight
white

D typeNon-D type

69.5
66.4

69.5
66.4

11

Daylight

D type65.2

65.2

Non-D type

62.3

62.3

12

(3) Measurement method for energy consumption efficiency[Refer to Attachment 5]
The energy consumption efficiency of bulbs shall be the value obtained by dividing the total luminous flux (lm) of bulbs by the power consumption (W) of
bulbs.
Total luminous flux of bulbs (lm)Energy consumption efficiency (lm/W) =Power consumption (W) of bulbs
The total luminous flux and the power consumption of bulb type fluorescentlamps shall be measured by the method specified in JIS C 7801 and the method specified in the total luminous flux and lamp power consumption of JIS C
7620-2 “Self-ballasted fluorescent lamps - Part 2: Performance specifications”.
(4) Labeling related matters
1) Items for labeling shall be as follows:a) Part name and type nameb) Category namec) Total luminous fluxd) Power consumptione) Energy consumption efficiencyf) Name or title of manufacturers2) Compliance itemsa) The total luminous flux shall be indicated by lumen (lm).
b) The power consumption shall be indicated by watt (W).
c) The energy consumption efficiency shall be indicated to the first decimal
place by lumen for each watt (lm/W).
d) The labeling items shall be indicated on the catalogs.
4. Recommendation on energy saving(1) Efforts by users
21) With effective use of energy saving information, users shall try to selectproducts with high energy consumption efficiency.
2) Incandescent lamps shall be changed to products with excellent energy
consumption efficiency such as bulb type fluorescent lamps.
3) When using luminaires, daylight, light control function, human sensing function Note 1, initial illumination intensity compensation function Note 2, multi-lamp distribution method Note 3, etc. shall be effectively used. Energy
should be saved with efficient use including appropriate illumination.
4) Regular cleaning or replacement of lamps should be performed to reduce
low illumination efficiency arising from use for a long time.
Note 1) The human sensing function is an automatic off or light control function when no one is present, which detects humans with a sensor.
Note 2) The initial illumination intensity compensation function is a function
to control excessive illumination at the initial stage and to maintain
constant illumination until the end of the lamp service life.
Note 3) The multi-lamp distribution method is an illumination method to improve the lighting environment and to save energy by placing multiple luminaires in one room and turning lights on only at necessary
areas in order to control total power consumption.
(2) Efforts by designer for selection of luminaires
1) With effective use of energy saving information, users shall try to selectproducts with high energy consumption efficiency.
2) Incandescent lamps shall be changed to products with excellent energy
consumption efficiency such as bulb type fluorescent lamps.
3) When using luminaires, daylight, light control function, human sensing function, initial illumination intensity compensation function, multi-lamp distribution method, etc. shall be effectively used. Energy should be saved with efficient use including appropriate illumination.
(3) Efforts by sellers
1) To encourage the change of products from incandescent lamps to bulb type
fluorescent lamps with better energy saving performance, users shall be
educated to better understand products with excellent energy saving performance and sales shall be promoted.
2) In selection of luminaires by users, use functions effective for reduction ofenergy such as the light control function according to the room size, andprovide information including use of the multi-lamp distribution method sothat users may choose excellently efficient luminaires.
3

(4) Efforts by manufacturers, etc.
1) Facilitate technological development for energy saving for bulb type fluorescent lamp luminaires and try to develop products with excellent energy
consumption efficiency.
2) In order to promote bulb type fluorescent lamp luminaires with excellent energy consumption efficiency, quickly adopt energy saving information on thebrochures. Also, try to provide appropriate information so that users will
choose bulb type fluorescent lamp luminaires with excellent energy consumption efficiency.
3) Try to facilitate understanding of users on products with excellent energy
saving performance such as bulb type fluorescent lamps. Also, try to provide
labeling so that users may easily select indicated bulb type fluorescent lamps
instead of incandescent lamps when purchasing.
4) In order to make the change from incandescent lamps to bulb type fluorescent lamps, try to solve technical problems such as the start-up of bulb type
fluorescent lamps or compatibility with luminaires for ease of operation.
5) Try to use functions effective for reduction of energy such as use of daylight,
the light control function, human sensing function and initial illumination intensity compensation. Make the control system combined with these functions or multi-lamp distribution method at homes popular, and provide information to achieve energy saving with appropriate and efficient use of luminaires.
(5) Efforts by government1) In order to make the change from incandescent lamps to bulb type fluorescent lamps with excellent energy consumption efficiency, try to utilize promotional campaigns and other necessary measures to facilitate efforts by theusers and manufacturers, etc.
2) Try to use products with excellent energy consumption efficiency at officebuildings.
3) Periodically and continuously monitor labeling practice by the manufacturers,
etc. and try to apply appropriate laws so that users are provided with correctand easy-to-understand information regarding energy consumption efficiency.
4) The energy saving standards based on the top runner approach are very
effective ways to save energy on equipment. Try to promote this approach to
the world at the optimum opportunities.

4

Attachment 1

The scope of designated bulb type fluorescent lamps

1. Basic concept
The evaluation standards for luminaires in this report shall only apply to bulb type
fluorescent lamps.
The following items are excluded because the usage is special and the shipment
units are limited.
Type
Reflector type

Application

RemarkType with mirror. It is used for special purpose

Not applicable to JIS

such as shops.
For light control

Light can be controlled in the range from 100 to
10% with a dimmer control. It is mainly used forbusiness purposes.

Color lamp

Red, green and blue lamps are available andNot applicable to JIS

they are used for show illumination.
Black light

Visible light is hardly radiated.

For chicken house

Lamps used for chicken house It is a drip-proof

Not applicable to JIS

type.
Transparent type

G type lamp using transparent glass It is mainly
used for business purposes.

Total of items excluded

285,000 (1.3%)

Total of designated items

22,270,000 (98.7%)

Grand total

22,555,000 (100%)

For the separate ballast type, the market is small and the shipment units are limited.
The test method is not specified in the JIS standard. At present, it is not included forreview in this report. If it is considered appropriate to review it due to change of theshipment units, a necessary review will be performed.

5

Attachment 2

Target fiscal year, etc. of the bulb type fluorescent lamp

1. Since the period for development of a new product is usually 3 years, it is necessary
to have at least one or two opportunities of product development for bulb type fluorescent lamps until the target fiscal year.
Therefore, the target year of bulb type fluorescent lamps shall be FY2012.
2. The improvement ratio of the energy consumption efficiency in the target year will
be approximately 3.2% assuming that the current number of shipping units (recordin 2006) and the category structure are not changed.
<General description of calculation>
Overall bulb type fluorescent lamp(i) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the record values of bulb type
fluorescent lamps shipped in FY2006
63.4 lm/W(ii) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the target standard value ofbulb type fluorescent lamps shipped in the target fiscal year
65.4 lm/W(iii) Improvement ratio of energy consumption efficiency(65.4-63.4)
x 100 = Approximately 3.2 %63.4[10W type](i) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the record values of bulb type
fluorescent lamps shipped in FY2006
56.2 lm/W(ii) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the target standard value ofbulb type fluorescent lamps shipped in the target fiscal year
58.4 lm/W(iii) Improvement ratio of energy consumption efficiency(58.4-56.2)
x 100 = Approximately 3.9 %56.2

6

[15W type](i) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the record values of bulb type
fluorescent lamps shipped in FY2006
62.9 lm/W(ii) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the target standard value ofbulb type fluorescent lamps shipped in the target fiscal year
65.1 lm/W(iii) Improvement ratio of energy consumption efficiency(65.1-62.9)x 100 = Approximately 3.5 %62.9[25W type](i) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the record values of bulb type
fluorescent lamps shipped in FY2006
67.4 lm/W(ii) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the target standard value ofbulb type fluorescent lamps shipped in the target fiscal year
68.6 lm/W(iii) Improvement ratio of energy consumption efficiency(68.6-67.4)
x 100 = Approximately 1.8 %67.4

7Attachment 3

Categories of bulb type fluorescent lamps

1. Determination of new categories for fluorescent luminaries
Since the energy consumption efficiency (lm/W) of bulb type fluorescent lamps areaffected by the following factors, the categories shall be classified taking the factors
into account.
(1) Lamp size
For the bulb type fluorescent lamp, the three types 10W, 15W and 25W arestandardized as “lamp size” in JIS C 7651. Since each application is different,
categories are determined by lamp size.
The10W type is equivalent to 40W incandescent lamps, the 15W type is equivalent to 60W lamps and the 25W is equivalent to 100W lamps.
(2) Lamp light color
Light colors of the bulb type fluorescent lamp can be classified into three typesof bulb color, daylight white and daylight. Differences in light color are differences of fluorescent materials applied to the inner surface of the lamp glass.
Since this difference affects the value of the total luminous flux (lm), categories
are determined by the lamp light color.
(3) Lamp shape
Available shapes of the bulb type fluorescent lamps are Type A in generalshape, Type T which is formed to a narrow cylinder of Type A, Type G in a ballshape and Type D which has an exposed light source without a glass globe. In
particular, the lamp size of 25W has a large heat value in the lamp. Since there
are differences in the energy consumption efficiency values between Type D
which is good for heat radiation and Types A, T and G which are not good forheat radiation, the lamp size of 25W is categorized by the lamp shape.
Table 1 Categories of bulb type fluorescent lamps
Lamp size
10W type

15W type

25W type

Lamp light color

Lamp shape

Bulb color
Daylight white
Daylight
Bulb color
Daylight white
Daylight
Bulb color

D typeDaylight white8

Shipment ratio
(%)
4.7%
1.7%
3.0%
35.5%
10.0%
19.4%
8.9%

Non-D type

5.6%

D type

2.6%

Non-D type2.4%

Daylight

D type

1.9%

Non-D type

4.3%

(Reference) Lamp shape

Type A

Type T

Type G

Type D9

Attachment 4

Target standard value of bulb type fluorescent lamps
1. Basic concept
Target standard values are set based on the top runner approach. The specificconcept is stated below:(1) A target standard value shall be set for each appropriate category of classification.
(2) If efficiency is expected to improve as a result of future technological advancement, the best effort shall be made to include such improvements in a target
standard value.
(3) Target standard values shall be consistent from category to category.
2. Room to improve energy consumption efficiency through future technological advancement
Since the bulb type fluorescent lamp uses small power consumption of approximately 10 to 20W, technical innovation which will significantly reduce the power
consumption will not be expected in the future. The government is now encouraging
a campaign of change from incandescent lamps to bulb type fluorescent lamps.
Manufacturers are focusing on the engineering development of small ballasts toimprove operation of bulb type fluorescent lamps. Engineering development to improve operation of the lamps generally reduce the energy consumption efficiency.
Manufacturers shall also develop a technology to compensate this low efficiency.
Therefore, at present, it is difficult to improve energy saving technology that exceeds the top runner value.
Table 1 Engineering development example for improved operation of bulb type fluorescent lamps
Engineering development for improved
operation(1) Improvement ofbrightness start-up(2) Improvement ofcolor rendition

Technology example
Built-in small lamp
Improvement of
mercury amalgam(assumption)
Improvement of fluorescent material (assumption)

Example of improvement
Brightness 1 second after start
Improved from 30 to 40% to60%.
Improvement of color rendition to
be close to the color of incandescent lamps
Improved from Ra* 84 to 94.

Low efficiency(Estimation)△7%△5 to 7%
△5%

* Ra: Index to represent true reproducibility of color Incandescent lamp has Ra 100.

10

3. Determination of specific target standard values
In determination of the target standard values, as explained above, it is difficult tomake an improvement that exceeds the current top runner value. The top runnervalue is determined as the target standard value.

Table 2 Classification of bulb type fluorescent lamps and target standard values
Category

Lamp size

1
2

10W type

3
4
5

15W type

6
7

25W type

Lamp lightcolor
Bulb color
Daylight
white
Daylight
Bulb color
Daylight
white
Daylight
Bulb color

8

Top runnervalue (lm/W)

Target standard
value (lm/W)

60.6
58.1

60.6
58.1

55.0
67.5
65.0

55.0
67.5
65.0

D type

60.8
72.4

60.8
72.4

Non-D type

69.1

69.1

Lamp shape

9
10

Daylight
white

D typeNon-D type

69.5
66.4

69.5
66.4

11
12

Daylight

D typeNon-D type

65.2
62.3

65.2
62.3

Fig. 1 (Category 1) Distribution of 10W lamp color energy consumption efficiency
Ratio of shipment units

80.0・Type A and Type T: 50.8%

60 .6

70.0

・Type G: 6.3%

60.0
(lm/w)

・Type D: 42.8%

50.0
57 .9

40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0

Type A and Type T

Type D

11

Type GFig. 2 (Category 2) Distribution of 10W daylight white energy consumption efficiency
Ratio of shipment units

80.0・Type A and Type T: 60.7%

70.0

58.1

・Type D: 32.8%
・Type G: 6.5%

60.0
50.0
40.0

56.9

30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Type A and Type T

Type D

Type G

Fig. 3 (Category 3) Distribution of 10W daylight energy consumption efficiency
Ratio of shipment units

80.0・Type A and Type T: 58.9%
70.0

55.0

・Type D: 34.9%

60.0・Type G: 6.2%

50.0
40.0

53.1
30.0
20.0
10.0
-

Type A and Type T

Type D

12Type GFig. 4 (Category 4) Distribution of 10W lamp color energy consumption efficiency
67.5

80.0

Ratio of shipment units
・Type A and Type T: 53.9%

70.0・Type D: 34.8%

60.0・Type G: 11.2%

50.0

65.2

40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0

Type A and Type T

Type D

Type G

Fig. 5 (Category 5) Distribution of 10W daylight white energy consumption efficiency
80.0

65.0

Ratio of shipment units
・Type A and Type T: 51.3%

70.0・Type D: 32.4%
60.0・Type G: 16.3%

50.0

63.3

40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Type A and Type T

Type D

13

Type GFig. 6 (Category 6) Distribution of 10W daylight energy consumption efficiency
Ratio of shipment units

80.0・Type A and Type T: 65.9%

60.8

70.0

・Type D: 16.8%
60.0・Type G: 17.2%

50.0

58.6

40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0

Type A and Type T

Type D

Type G

Fig. 7 (Category 7) Distribution of 25W, lamp color and Type D energy consumption
efficiency
72.4

80.0
70.0
60.0

70.3
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
-

Type D14

Fig. 8 (Category 8) Distribution of energy consumption efficiency other than 25W, lamp
color and Type D
Ratio of shipment units
80.0

69.1

・Type A and Type T: 55.0%
・Type G: 45.0%

70.0
60.0

68.7

50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
Type A and Type T

Type G

Fig. 9 (Category 9) Distribution of 25W, daylight white and Type D energy consumption
efficiency
80.0

69.5

70.0
60.0

68.3

50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
-

Type D15

Fig. 10 (Category 10) Distribution of energy consumption efficiency other than 25W,
daylight white and Type D
Ratio of shipment units

80.0

66.4

・Type A and Type T: 59.8%

70.0・Type G: 40.2%

60.0

66.1

50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
Type A and Typ e TType G

Fig. 11 (Category 11) Distribution of 25W, daylight and Type D energy consumption
efficiency
80.0

65.2
70.0
60.0
50.0

63.2

40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
Type D16

Fig. 12 (Category 12) Distribution of energy consumption efficiency other than 25W,
daylight and Type D
Ratio of shipment units

80.0

62 .3
70.0

・Type A and Type T: 45.4%
・Type G: 54.6%

60.0
50.0

61 .8
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
Type A and Type T

Type G17

Attachment 5

Energy consumption efficiency of bulb type fluorescent lamps and measurement methods

1. Basic concept
Since it is appropriate to use brightness of the bulb type fluorescent lamp as index
for calculation of the energy consumption efficiency of the bulb type fluorescentlamp, the total luminous flux (lm/W) per power consumption shall be used.
2. Specific energy consumption efficiency of bulb type fluorescent lamps and measurement methods(1) Energy consumption efficiency
The energy consumption efficiency of bulbs shall be the value obtained by dividing the total luminous flux (lm) of bulbs by the power consumption (W) of
bulbs.
Total luminous flux of bulbs (lm)Energy consumption efficiency (lm/W) =Power consumption (W) of bulbs(2) Measurement methods of energy consumption efficiency
The total luminous flux and power consumption of the bulb type fluorescentlamp shall be measured by the method specified in JIS C 7801 and the method
specified in total luminous flux and lamp power of JIS C 7620-2 “Self-ballasted
fluorescent lamps - Part 2: Performance specifications”.

18Attachment 6

Energy Efficiency Standards Subcommittee, Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy
Luminaire Evaluation Standards Subcommittee
Meeting History

1st Subcommittee meeting (June 12, 2007)
Making the Luminaire Evaluation Standards Subcommittee open to the public
Achievement status of fluorescent lamp luminaires
Current status of luminaires
The scope of luminaire designation

2nd Subcommittee meeting (August 7, 2007)
Additional scope of luminaire designation
Energy consumption efficiency and measurement method

3rd Subcommittee meeting (November 14, 2008)
Category for target of fluorescent lamp luminaires
Concept of target standard value for fluorescent lamp luminaires

4th Subcommittee meeting (December 9, 2008)
Interim report (fluorescent lamp luminaires)
Review of designation for bulbs and its future study

5th Subcommittee meeting (February 26, 2009)
Designation of bulb type fluorescent lamps
Category for target of bulb type fluorescent lamps
Concept of target standard value for bulb type fluorescent lamps

6th Subcommittee meeting (April 24, 2009)
Interim report of bulb type fluorescent lamps

19

Attachment 7

Energy Efficiency Standards Subcommittee, Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy
Luminaire Evaluation Standards Subcommittee

Chairman Kenichi Akiga, Professor/President, Setagaya Learning Center, Open
University of Japan
MemberMitsuo Akatsuka, Director of Japan Luminaires Association
Akira Ishihara, Managing Director of Energy Conservation Center(Participation from 3rd meeting)
Shoichiro Ozeki, Energy/Environment Technology General Manager ofEnergy Conservation Center(Participation in 1st and 2nd meetings)
Yoshihiko Ohtani, Professor, Dept. of Electric/Electronic Engineering, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University
Tamaki Kamata, Researcher of Product Testing Dept., National Consumer
Affairs Center of Japan
Sadao Takahashi, Professor, Specializing in Architectural Engineering,
Dept. of Construction Engineering, Fukui University of Technology
Yukio Nakano, Senior Researcher, System Engineering Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
Hiroo Hasegawa, Deputy Dept. Manager, Energy Engineering Research
Dept., National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
Tetsuji Takeuchi, Executive Vice President, Japan Electric Lamp Manufacturers Association
Atsushi Honda, Japan Building Mechanical and Electrical Engineers Association
20

Yoshiko Miura, Public Affairs Manager, Japan Consumer's Association
Chiharu Murakoshi, Director and Deputy Manager, Jyukankyo ResearchInstitute Inc.

21

References

Current status of luminaires
1. Market of luminaires
1.1 Types of luminaires
Luminaires are classified into the large categories of “facilities (business purposes such as offices, shops or plants)” and “home” depending on the application. They are generally categorized into fluorescent lamp luminaires, incandescent lamp luminaires and high intensity discharge lamps (hereinafter referred to as “HID lamp”) according to the light source type.
Available fluorescent lamps used for these luminaires are general fluorescentlamps and Hf (for high frequency illumination) fluorescent lamps. Available illumination devices are magnetic ballast and electronic ballast (inverter: highfrequency illumination). Types of luminaires for application and their examples
are shown below.
Types of luminaires for application
Usage

Luminaire for facilities

Light source type

Luminaire type

Fluorescent lamp

Fluorescent (1) - Facility, Fluorescent (2) - Facility/home, Fluorescent (2) - Facility
White (1) - Home/facility

Incandescentlamp
HID lam
Fluorescent lamp

Luminaire forhome

Incandescentlamp
HID lamp

High - Facility
Fluorescent (2) - Facility/home, Fluorescent (3)- Home, Fluorescent (4) - HomeWhite (1) - Home/facility
High - Home1.1.1 Fluorescent lamp luminaires(1) Luminaires using fluorescent lamps that are 40W or larger (mainly for facilities) (Fluorescent (1) - Facility)

With embedded louver With embedded cover Open embedded lower surface Direct mount (Mt.
Fuji type)(2) Luminaires using fluorescent lamps that are less than 40W (mainly for
home)
22

Direct mount (with cover) With embedded louver

BracketDirect mount (trough type)

Down-light(Fluorescent (2) - Facility/home) (Fluorescent (2) - Facility) (Fluorescent (2) - Facility/Home)(3) Ring type luminaire (mainly for home) (Fluorescent (3) - Home)

Direct mount type (with cover)Suspension type (pendant)

Chandelier type Bracket(4) Fluorescent study lamp (Fluorescent (4) - Home)(Double capped lamp is used.)(Compact lamp is used.)

1.1.2 Incandescent lamp luminaires(1) General type (for facilities and home)(White (1) - Home/facility)

Direct mount type Suspension type Down-light Bracket

Spot light Chandelier(2) Special application (Used at plant or workplace such as explosion-proof or
dust-proof) (White (2) - Facility)

Explosion-proof and dust-proof luminaires

1.1.3 HID lamp luminaires (mainly for facilities)
23

Highway lamp For high ceilings Flood light Down-light(High - Facility)

Street light luminaire Tunnel lamp

Garden lamp

(High - Facility)(High - Home)

1.1.4 Main light source used for luminaires(1) Fluorescent lamp

General type: (FL/FLR) Less than 40W

Hf type: Less than 40W

General type (FL/FLR): 40W or more

Hf type: 40W or more

Double-capped type

General type
Ring type

Hf type

General type/Hf typeCompact type

Bulb type(2) Incandescent bulb

General bulb Ball bulb Mini-krypton bulb Halogen bulb(2) HID lamp

(B type)(BT type)24

1.2 Shipping movement of luminaires
The number of luminaire shipment units showed temporary recovery bylast-minute demand due to the increase of consumption tax in 1996 and therevision of the Law Concerning the Measures by Large-Scale Retail Stores for
Preservation of Living Environment in 2000, but it declined after 1991.

80,000High pressure discharge luminaire
Fluorescent lamp luminaire: 40W or more
Incandescent lamp luminaire: Special use

70,000
Incandescent lamp luminaire: General use

Fluorescent lamp luminaire: Study lamp

60,000

Fluorescent lamp luminaire: Ring type lamp
Fluorescent lamp luminaire: Less than 40W

50,00040,00030,00020,00010,000FY2005

FY2004

FY2003

FY2002

FY2001

FY2000

FY1999FY1998FY1997

FY1996

FY1994

FY1993

FY1992

FY1991

FY1990

FY1989FY1988

FY1987

FY1986

FY19850

1.3 Shipping movement of luminaires for each item
1.3.1 Fluorescent lamp luminaires
In fluorescent lamp luminaires, which are approximately 65% of luminaires,
home and facilities are almost half each. The changing movement for each item
is as follows.
In the home type, the employment of wide space at the ceiling surface with
sufficient clearance, the lightweight and thin design by using an inverter for theillumination system, or a simple mounting method has made rapid changes
from almost the same ratio (38%) of the “suspension type” and “direct mounttype” to “direct mount type” in around 1994. Ring type direct mount models,
which can be used for both Japanese and western styling, are mainly used(52%).
25

The double capped lamp bracket (including others) has been showing a constant demand of 20% or more mainly for kitchen or sink lamps. The demand for
fluorescent study lamps has reduced.
(Refer to “Change of percentage for residence fluorescent lamp luminaires” by
the self-statistics of the Japan Luminaires Association.)

Change of home fluorescent lamp luminaires for each type
100%(7) Double capped lamp bracket

80%(6) Double capped lamp direct mount

60%(5) Ring type direct mount40%(4) Double capped lamp suspension20%(3) Chandelier(2) Ring type suspension

0%

(1)

1991

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

2000

01

02

03

04

Study

05
Fiscal year

Source: Self-statistics of the Japan Luminaires Association

1.3.2 Incandescent lamp luminaires
Incandescent lamp luminaires are approximately 30% of the total luminaires.
The percentage almost remains unchanged. It is popular because of flexibility
in styling, ease of light control and warmth.
Since the application of incandescent luminaires is diversified, it is difficult toclassify them into facilities and home. They are not classified in the
self-statistics of the Japan Luminaires Association. Based on the item movement of the statistics, the ratio of “embedded luminaires” (mainly down-light)
showed an increase. It increased from approximately 30% in 1994 to approximately 45% in 2005. In contrast, the ratio of direct mount luminaires reduced
from approximately 30% to approximately 20%. The ratio of suspension luminaires also reduced by several percent.
(Refer to “Change of percentage for incandescent lamp luminaires” by the26self-statistics of the Japan Luminaires Association.)

Incandescent lamp luminaires for each type

Changeof home fluorescent lamp luminaires for each type100%(16) Incandescent and others

100%

90%

(15) Incandescent chandelier(7) Double capped lamp bracket(14) Incandescent bracket

80%
80%

70%

(6) Double capped lamp direct mount

60%(13) Incandescent embedded

60%

50%
(5) Ring type direct mount

40%
40%

30%
20%

(4) Double(12)capped
Incandescentlamp suspension
direct mount10%(3) Chandelier(11) Incandescent suspension(2) Ring type suspension

20%

0%

0%

(10) Incandescent study lamp

1991 92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99 2000 01
02
03
04 (1)
05 Study
1991 92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99 2000 01
02
03
04
05
Fiscal year
Fiscal year
Source: Self-statistics of the Japan Luminaires Association

1.3.3 HID lamp luminaires
HID lamp luminaires are approximately 5% of total luminaires and the percentage almost remains unchanged. Outdoor lamps reduced due to reductionof investment in public sectors such as roads or public facilities. In contrast,
investments for large shops, plants, logistic warehouses, etc. have been active,
and the reduction is compensated by indoor lamps.
1.4 Import/export movement of luminaires
The item classification for import/export of luminaires is different from that inJapan and the quantity statistics is not available. Therefore, the amount(FOB/CIF) of custom statistics by the Ministry of Finance is used.
The import amount of luminaires reached 46.6 billion yen (approximately 9% of
the shipment amount in Japan) in 2006 (calendar year) which is more thandouble the amount in 1999. In this figure, imports from China (including HongKong. This applies to the terms below.) are 29 billion yen, which is 62%. Most ofthem are reverse imports from local Japanese companies or OEM products
under license agreement.

27

Change of import/export for luminaires
AmountSource: Trade statisticsSource:by the Ministry
Finance*byExcludingnon-electric
type and Christmas tree
Tradeofstatistics
the Ministryof FinanceCIF 100 million yen

500

4 66
4 40
4 18

TaiwanThailand

400

1 76
3 17

3 30

1 73

1 68

2 10
200

1 94

1 85
1 66

1 48

2 67

100
1 00

1 32

1 92

1 62

2 90

2 20

China

Import2 66

States
Italy
etc.

1 98
300

Unites

The entire world

3 86

62

Export

0
65

58

56

58

Amount -100

1999

2000

2001

2002

FOB 100 million yen

74

76

64

68

Source: Tradeby the Ministry
Finance year
2003
2004 statistics
2005
2006 of
Calendar* Excluding non-electric type and Christmas tree

1.5 Major manufacturers and distributors in Japan
1.5.1 Fluorescent lamp luminaires for facilities
Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation
Mitsubishi Electric Lighting Co. Hitachi Lighting, Ltd.
Odelic Co., Ltd. Koizumi Lighting Technology Corp. Daiko Electric Co., Ltd.
Endo Lighting Co., Ltd.
NEC Lighting, Ltd. Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd.
1.5.2 Fluorescent lamp luminaires for home
Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. NEC Lighting, Ltd. Koizumi Lighting Technology Corp. Maruzen Electric Co., Ltd.
Odelic Co., Ltd. Toshiba Home Lighting Corp. Takizumi Electric Industries,
Co., Ltd.
Hitachi Lighting, Ltd. Twinbird Corp. Daiko Electric Co., Ltd. Mitsubishi
Electric Lighting Co.
Yamada Shomei Lighting Co., Ltd.
1.5.3 Incandescent lamp luminaires
28Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation
Koizumi Lighting Technology Corp. Daiko Electric Co., Ltd. Odelic Co., Ltd.
Endo Lighting Co., Ltd. Mitsubishi Electric Lighting Co. Maxray Inc. Hitachi
Lighting, Ltd.
Yamagiwa Corp. Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd. Yamada Shomei Lighting Co., Ltd.
Takizumi Electric Industries, Co., Ltd. NEC Lighting, Ltd.
1.5.4 HID lamp luminaires
Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation
Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd. Endo Lighting Co., Ltd. Koizumi Lighting Technology Corp.
Daiko Electric Co., Ltd. Koito Industries, Ltd. Mitsubishi Electric Lighting Co.
GS Uasa Power Supply Ltd. Lighting Business Unit
Maxray Inc. Hitachi Lighting, Ltd. Maruwa Shomei Co., Ltd. Odelic Co.,Ltd.
Yamada Shomei Lighting Co., Ltd. Yamagiwa Corp.
1.5.5 General lighting bulbs
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation Mitsubishi Osram Co. Hitachi Lighting, Ltd.
Riken Co., Ltd. Yes Co., Ltd. Hakuyo Denkyu Co., Ltd.
Kyokukou Denki
Co., Ltd.
GE Consumer Products Japan, Ltd. Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd.
1.5.6 Bulb type fluorescent lamp
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation Mitsubishi Osram Co. Hitachi Lighting, Ltd.
NEC Lighting, Ltd. Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd.
1.5.7 HID lamp
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation Mitsubishi Osram Co. Hitachi Lighting, Ltd.
NEC Lighting, Ltd. Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd. GS Uasa Power Supply Ltd.
Lighting Business Unit
Philips Electronics Japan, Ltd. Koto Electric Co., Ltd. Fuji Lamp Inc.
Wako Electric Equipment Co., Ltd.
2. Current status of fluorescent lamp luminaires and future actions
2.1 Actions for current energy saving law(1) Situation to achieve the target
A new target value with the top runner method was determined at the end of29

March in 1998 and fiscal year 2005 was determined to be the target fiscal year
for fluorescent lamp luminaires.
The achievement value of the target fiscal year (2005) for each category, andthe achievement status of the standard value for each year are as follows:
Fluorescent lamp luminaires for facilities
Category

Total of (1)(1) FLR110(2) Hf40(3) FLR40(4) FL40

79.0

86.5

71.0

60.5

FY1999

77.9

87.9

68.5

64.9

72.3

FY2000

82.3

92.3

69.3

67.0

75.8

consumption

FY2001

84.5

92.7

69.0

66.8

77.1

efficiency

FY2002

87.3

98.0

68.9

68.3

81.8

FY2003

89.9

100.6

71.1

67.4

84.8

FY2004

94.7

101.5

71.9

68.0

87.5

98.1

101.6

72.4

67.7

89.2

(98.1)(101.6)(72.4)(67.7)(89.2)

20.2

13.7

3.9

2.8

16.9

Standard(2005)

Energy(lm/W)

FY2005
Improvement lm/W

Survey by the Japan Luminaires Association. The values in (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

to (4)) are surveyed by the

Fluorescent lamp luminaires for home
(5)
FL20/
Electronicballast(6)
FL20/
Magnetic
ballast(7) FCL
Over 72(8) FCL
Over 62 to
72(9) FCL 62
or less/
Electronicballast(10) FCL
62 or less/Magnetic
ballastStandard(2005)

77.0

49.0

81.0

82.0

75.5

59.0

FY1999

80.2

52.6

84.1

72.9

75.4

58.4

64.4

FY2000

80.5

50.8

85.5

74.5

76.4

57.6

71.2

FY2001

80.5

52.2

88.1

77.9

79.3

59.5

76.0

FY2002

80.4

52.2

90.3

79.2

79.2

59.8

76.6

FY2003

81.5

52.3

91.1

79.3

79.8

59.7

77.9

FY2004

80.9

56.5

91.7

80.0

79.9

60.5

80.3

Category

Energyconsumption efficiency(lm/W)

30

Subtotal of(5) to (10)FY200580.5(80.3)

57.0(57.0)

91.6(91.6)

83.7(83.8)

82.6(82.6)

60.8(61.4)

81.5(81.5)

Improvement lm/W

0.3

4.4

7.5

10.8

7.2

2.4

17.1

Survey by the Japan Luminaires Association. The values in (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

) are surveyed by the

Fluorescent table study lamps(11) Table
Category

study compact(12) Table FL

Total of (11) to

lamp

(12)

lamp
Standard

62.5

61.5

FY1999

65.1

59.3

64.8

FY2000

63.0

60.4

62.5

FY2001

62.5

61.0

62.3

FY2002

64.4

61.8

64.0

FY2003

64.7

61.6

64.2

FY2004

67.0

66.6

67.0

FY2005

67.7

68.8

67.7

(67.2)(68.5)(67.3)

2.6

9.5

2.9

(2005)
Energyconsumption efficiency(lm/W)

Improvement lm/W

Survey by the Japan Luminaires Association. The values in () are surveyed by the

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
2.2 Actions for future energy saving
The illumination devices used for fluorescent lamp luminaires are classified into
the magnetic ballast and the electronic ballast (inverter). The magnetic ballast
has been used since development of the fluorescent lamp and various improvements have been made until now. It is completed from engineering pointof view.
Therefore, to further promote energy saving of fluorescent lamp luminaires, it isnecessary to shift to the electronic ballast (inverter) with higher energy saving
performance. In particular, it is important to shift to the luminaires for high frequency illumination, which is called the Hf method.
Based on the change to use of inverters, which is directly linked to energy
saving, the ratio has been consistently increasing. The records in FY2005 were
78.9% (41.9% in FY1995) for the ring type direct mount which is the major
product for home fluorescent lamp luminaires, 76.2% (10.3% in FY1995) for31

40W (32W) or more which is the major product for facility fluorescent lamp luminaires, 57.5% (28.6% in FY1995) for overall home fluorescent lamp luminaires, 62.8% (9.0% in FY1995) for overall facility fluorescent lamp luminaires
and 60.2% (19.4% in FY1995) for overall fluorescent lamp luminaires.
An engineering issue for fluorescent lamps is the improvement of lamp illumination efficiency. However, a significant technical innovation cannot be expected. To further propel energy saving in the future, improvement of the inverter ratio is the largest issue.

Statistical survey by the Japan Luminaires Association

3. Current status of incandescent lamp luminaires and future actions
Incandescent lamps have features of warm light color, glittering, small shape, etc.
which are not seen in other light sources. In addition, it has an advantage of not
requiring a ballast. The design freedom as luminaires is high and it is widely used at
general homes and facility buildings.
In contrast, the lamp efficiency of incandescent bulbs is 13.5 lm/W (JIS C
7501-2000) for the most popular rated power consumption of 60W, which is low inview of the illumination principle. At present, the rated power consumption of 54W
which has achieved approximately 10% energy saving is popular. Still, the lamp efficiency is only 15 lm/W. Further technical improvements have almost reached theirlimit and improvements may not be expected in the future.
(1) Improvement by change of filament design32Filament has a coil-wound design. The denser a coil is wound, the better efficiency is. This accuracy is almost at its limit, and further improvement will cause
disadvantages such as shortened product life or less durability against vibration.
(2) Improvement by change of sealing gas and sealing pressure
A change from current argon gas is expected, but there is no alternative with
better efficiency than argon gas based on the evaluation including costs. The
sealing pressure has also reached the upper limit of glass processing. In thisprocess, the sealing gas and sealing pressure were changed for improvement,
although the cost is high. Mini-krypton bulbs and halogen bulbs were developed,
but improvement of the energy consumption efficiency was still remaining at
approximately 16 to 21 lm/W.
(3) Improvement by change of filament material
By using a material with a higher melting point, improvement of the filament
temperature and an increase of visible light radiation are expected. In view ofservice life, mechanical strength and costs, development of a new material
cannot be expected with the present technology.
In the future, to make further progress of energy saving in this field, it is important to change incandescent lamps to bulb type fluorescent lamps, considering
the use of incandescent lamp features. The power consumption of a bulb type
fluorescent lamp equivalent to incandescent lamps with the general rated
power consumption of 54W is only approximately 12W. Replacement can reduce the power consumption to less than 1/4, which leads to definite energy
saving.
The figure shows the change of shipment units for general illumination bulbs tobe replaced and bulb type fluorescent lamps, and the shipment ratio of bulb
type fluorescent lamps. The shipment unit ratio of the bulb type fluorescentlamp in 2006 was approximately 17%.
In the future, it is important to increase this ratio for progress in energy saving.

33

Statistical survey by the Japan Electric Lamp Manufacturers Association○Action of incandescent lamps in JapanIn May, 2008, the government requested the “Energy Saving Home Appliance
Promotion Forum” to be formed by home appliance manufacturers, distributors andconsumer organizations to basically take actions for change to products with excellent energy saving performance such as bulb type fluorescent lamps for production, and shipment of general incandescent bulbs aiming at 2012. In response, luminaire manufactures, distributors, consumer organizations, etc. established the“Energy Saving Light Forum” and are taking actions for the spread of products withexcellent energy saving performance including bulb type fluorescent lamps as oneof several nationwide activities.

34

Shipment units of incandescent lamps and bulb type fluorescent lamps and comparison with previous year
190%

120

170%
164%
153%

Shipment units (million)

151%

150%

145%
143%

80

130%

129%

Comparison with previous year

160%

160%
100

(

(%)

140

(

60

)

116%

40

96%

96%

112%

110%
105%

107% 106%
99%

118%

118%
112%

114%

)

103%
99% 99%97% 97% 96%

96%
95%

94%
90%

20

85%
79%

82%

84%

82%

79%
75%

0

70%

Fiscal year

Month/year

Quantity of incandescent lamps

Quantity of bulb type fluorescent lamps

Incandescent lamp for general illumination

Bulb type fluorescent lamp

Statistical survey by the Japan Electric Lamp Manufacturers Association○ Major action of incandescent lamps overseas(1) EUi) Characteristics of market
Incandescent lamps are frequently used. The shipment ratio for each lamp isapproximately 67% for incandescent lamps and approximately 20% for fluorescent lamps. The ratio of luminaires in the total power consumption is approximately 39% for fluorescent lamps and 23% for incandescent lamps.
ii) Action details
From 2009, application of the standard for the power consumption level ofincandescent lamps is reviewed step by step.
[Standard on incandescent lamps]
Obscure lamp
After September, 51.6
2009

lm/W

more

Transparent lamp

or Lamps of 100W or Lamps less than
more

100W

15.2 lm/W or more

11.1 lm/W or more

After September, Ditto

Lamps of 75W or more 15.2 lm/W or

2010

more

35

After September, Ditto

Lamps of 75W or more 15.2 lm/W or

2011

more

After September, Ditto

All lamps

15.2 lm/W or more

2012(2) Unites Statesi) Action details
From 2012, the standard for the total luminous flux (lm) of incandescentlamps is applied step by step.
45 lm/W or more for the standard after 2020 is reviewed. It will be determinedby January, 2017.
[Standard on incandescent lamps]
Total luminous
Power consumpMinimum effiflux (lm)tion (W)ciency (lm/W)
After 01.01.1
1,490 to 2,600
72W or less
36 lm/W or more
After 01.01.12 1,050 to 1,489
72W or less
28 lm/W
After 01.01.12

750 to 1,049
310 to 749

43W or less
29W or less24.4 lm/W
25.8 lm/W(3) Australiai) Restriction details
It is determined that incandescent lamps which have low efficiency arebanned for import from February, 2009 and their sale is prohibited from
November, 2009.
The efficiency standard of incandescent lamps for general illumination is
calculated from the formula below for all lamps.
Efficiency ≥ 2.8 x LN (lumen) – 4.0

36

Efficiency standard of incandescent lamp for general illumination in Australia

18
16
14
効率︵

Efficiency ≥ 2.8 x LN (lumen) – 4.0

12
10

lm/W
lm/ W

︶

8
6
4
2
0

430

530

630

730

830

930 1030 1130 1230 1330
lm(4) Chinai) Restriction details
In April, 2008, the plan to make efficient lighting products popular was announced. The government will provide aids for 150 million fluorescent lamps
including bulb type fluorescent lamps.
4. Current status of HID lamp luminaires and future actions
The HID lamps for general illumination are classified into three large categories ofhigh pressure mercury lamps, metal halide lamps and high pressure sodium lamps.
In the light sources for general illumination, they are used for outdoor illumination inlarge-scale spaces such as squares, shopping streets, roads and sports facilities,
and also for indoor illumination such as plants and shop facilities, with the featuresof relatively high luminous flux, high efficiency, high luminance and long life.
To explain the history of the HID lamp, the high pressure mercury lamp appeared
for the first time in 1901. Approximately 60 years later, the high pressure sodium
lamp which sought after lamp efficiency and the metal halide lamp which sought
after color rendition (Ra) were developed one after another. Recently, combining thetechnologies of the high pressure sodium lamp and the metal halide lamp, the metal
halide lamp (ceramic metal halide lamp) with high efficiency, and using the ceramic
illumination tube which greatly improved high color rendition, has been rapidly becoming popular.
Lamp efficiency and color rendition (Ra) of representative models for various HID
lamps are as shown in the table below. The high pressure mercury lamp is themost inexpensive but the lamp efficiency is the lowest. This lamp uses the illumination principle of fluorescent lamps. Higher pressure and temperature than those of afluorescent lamp achieve high luminous flux per beam, using illumination of the37

mercury itself. Since the illumination wavelength (including illumination with low
efficiency that can feel brightness) is fixed, in principle, the lamp efficiency limit isapproximately 55 lm/W. To obtain better lamp efficiency, the lamp service life needs
to be sacrificed. The technical limit is almost reached.
(2)

Various HID lamps
High pressure mercury lamp
Metal halide lamp

（1）High pressure sodium lamp

Shipment efficiency(%)

Representative models

Lamp efficiency(lm/W)

Color rendition
Ra

37
54
9

４００Ｗ

55
115
125

60
80
25

３６０Ｗ
３６０Ｗ

(Note 1) The representative model of the metal halide lamp is the ceramic metal halide lamp.
(Note 2) Ratio of annual shipment units in 2006

Survey by the Japan Electric Lamp Manufacturers Association
The lamps that compensated defects in this principle and achieved high efficiency
were the high pressure sodium lamp and the metal halide lamp, which were introduced dozens of years later. By sealing sodium or metal halide in addition to
mercury, highly efficient and wide range illumination that can feel brightness areachieved, resulting in a great improvement of lamp efficiency. Both lamps require
high voltage at the start in comparison with the high pressure mercury lamp. Manyof the features are not compatible. Ballast and, in a case, luminaire, have to be replaced. Smooth replacement is not in progress.
Although there are issues like the above, it is effective to replace high pressure
mercury lamps with high pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps forachievement of energy saving in this field.
The figure shows a change in shipment units of various HID lamps after 2000. In
view of energy saving, replacement with metal halide lamps has recently been inprogress. In the future, it will be important to increase this ratio.

38

Statistical survey by the Japan Electric Lamp Manufacturers Association

39