Session V Waste Management

Management of Solid Waste Arising fromFukushima Daiichi (1F) Decontamination
and Decommissioning
11st April 2016
Jun Matsumoto
General Manager of Project Planning Department,
Vice President of Fukushima Daiichi Decontamination
and Decontamination Engineering Company,
Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc.
©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Contents
１．Waste Arising from 1F Decontamination andDecommissioning
２．Waste Flow from Waste Generation to Storage
３．Difference between Normal Decommissioning and 1F
Decommissioning
４．Current Status of Temporary Storage

５． Future Challenge©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

11. Waste Arising from 1F D&D
Gaseous, liquid and solid waste are generated by decommissioning works.
Most radioactivity concentrated in the solid waste to be safely stored.

Gaseous waste

Exhaust gas

Liquid waste

PCV gastreatment
systemFilterReactor Building

Most radioactivity
concentrated in filters
treating gas through PCV.

Contaminated water
treatment systems
Contaminated water

Managed assolid waste

Absorbent
column sludge etc.

Radioactive materials concentrated
through purification systems

Solid waste

Rubble etc.

Contaminated water (eg,accumulated water in RB)

Managed assolid waste

Secondary waste fromwater treatment systems

Solid waste arising fromdecommissioning work such as
metal, concrete, combustible
material, filter, felled tree, andused protective clothing

Absorbent,
columns,Sludge etc.

©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

22. Waste Flow from Generation to Storage
Before accident: Solid waste stored in storage building with containment and a shielding
After accident: Vast amount waste generated by recovering work from emergency situation in
short time. Due to the limited capacity in waste storage buildings, large part of waste stored
outside temporarily as an emergency response.

Before accident

After accident

Solid waste

Solid waste

Generation

Generation
Temporarystorage
Small amount

Storage

Storage

Already
implemented
partially

Recycle©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

33. Difference between Normal Decommissioning and 1F Decommissioning
R&D for volume reduction and processing and disposal challenged due to the vast
amount and a wide variety of waste generated from 1F Decommissioning
Table 1. Management flow for solid waste arising from normal decommissioning
VolumeStoragereduction
Incineration or・Origin ofCharacterization
contamination clear.
cutting selected Use at existing
Featurespossible before
according to thefacilities･Waste volume
demolishing
limitedmaterials
・Nuclidecomposition known
Technologies－✓✓
・Analytical method
developed
Regulation
－－
✓
✓
/Rule
Properties

Waste generation

Waste route

PackagingTransport Disposal

Established

Select appropriate technologies
based on waste route－✓✓－✓✓✓(Nodisposalsite yet)Underdiscussion

Table 2. Management flow for solid waste arising from 1F decommissioning
Properties

Waste generation

Temporarystorage

Volumereduction

Storage

Waste
route

PackagingTrans Disposal-port

New storage
Promotebuilding
volumeNew
Select appropriate
needed due toreduction for
category technologies based on waste
the lack ofefficientneededroute
storagestorage
capacity

Featuresand challenges･Origin iscomplicated・Vast amountCharacterizationneededTemporarystorageaccording to
the surface
doseTechnologies

・Nuclidecomposition
unknown

Enlarged
analytical systemneeded

✓

✓

✓

－Ｒ＆Ｄ
neededExemption

Discussion
neededDiscussion
needed－Development is needed©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Regulation－－/Rule✓

Ｒ＆Ｄ
needed44. Classification of “rubble, etc.” and Temporary Storage Method
Rubble, etc.

RubbleContaminated concrete,
metal, combustible
materials, soils etc

Felled tree

Used protective clothing

Trees cut toaccommodate
accumulated water
treatment tanks, etc.

Coverall andundergarments, etc.

Stored in building
after incinerating

Stored in building
after incinerating

Classified by the surface dose rate of waste
Outdoorstorage

OutdoorSeat coveredstorage

Outdoorcontainerstorage

0.1 mSv/hor less1 mSv/h or less

10 mSv/h or lessWith βcontamination

Temporarystorage tent

Soil covered
temporarystorage facility

30 mSv/h or less

Solid wastestorage

More than
30 mSv/h©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5

4. Current Status of temporary storage of “rubble, etc.”

Outdoor storage (0.1mSv/h or less)
External View
Status under construction

Soil covered temporary storage facility(30mSv/h or less, plus rubbles from 1 to 4 reactor building)©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Outdoor container storage(10mSv/h or less)

Solid waste storagebuilding(More than 30mSv/h)

64. Temporary Storage Volume of “rubble, etc.”
RubbleSurface dose（mSv/h）

Temporary Storage Area

Storage
Volume（m3）

122,800≦1

D，E１，P２，W

33,8001～30

A１，A２，E２，F２，L，Q，
Ｎｏ２ storage building

20.300

Ｎｏ３～No８ storage building

6,600＞30－Total

208,450C

57,300DhI

34,850Root
Branch/leaves

Storage Volume（m3）Mj aStorage
Capacity
（m3）

H，I，M

64,30073,200

G，R，S，T，V

20,80074,400

Elbd e15,000315,600

Pkf183,800

F

固体廃棄物貯蔵庫

Temporary Storage Areaig
H

Felled tree
CategoryGL
B A

B，C，F１，J，N，O，P1，U，
Ｎｏ１ storage building≦0.1

Storage
Capacity（m3）

瓦礫類一時保管エリア●Rubble伐採木一時保管エリア● Felledtree
使用済保護衣等一時保管エリア● Usedprotective suit

固体廃棄物貯蔵庫

n
W

c
Q

m
R

６号機
５号機

１号機

O

２号機

V

３号機
４号機

SN

Total
Used protective clothing－Temporary Storage Area

84,200147,600oJ

VolumeStorage
Capacity（m3）

UT※エリアR,Sは未設置

a，b，c，d，e，ｆ，g，h，i，j，k, l, m, n, o

69,98070,040

提供：日本スペースイメージング（株）、(C)DigitalGlobe

敷地境界©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

7

4. Temporary Storage Method and Classification of Secondary Waste from
Water Treatment Systems

Secondary wastefrom water treatment
Used vessels

SludgeStored in outdoor
temporary storage area

Stored in sludge
storage facility(Indoor)

Concentrated waste
liquidStored in concentrated waste
liquid storage tanks (Out door)

There is no plan to increase these volume because
equipment which generate these waste stopped operation.
Classified by characteristics of waste
RackBox culvert

Waste which does notneeds an additional shield

Waste which needs anadditional shielde.g. 2nd Cesium absorption
apparatus

e.g. Cesium absorption
apparatus©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

HIC-supporting
type box culvert

Waste which is high water content
e.g. High Integrity Containers(HICs) from Multiple Radionuclides Removal System
84. Current Status of temporary storage of “Used Vessels”
First Facility

Rack（2nd Cesium absorption
apparatus）

Second Facility

Box culvert（Cesium absorption apparatus）©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Third Facility

HIC-supporting type boxculvert（HICs from Multiple Radio-nuclides
Removal System )9

4. Temporary Storage Volume of Secondary Waste from Water Treatment
Storagenumber/ Capacity(%)

StoragenumberName of “Used vessels”
Cesium absorption apparatus

706

2nd Cesium absorption apparatus

160

HICs from multiple radio-nuclides removalsystem

1,135

HICs from improved multiple radionuclides removal system

824

Used vessels from high-performance
multiple radio-nuclides removal system

73

Used column from multiple radio-nuclides
removal system

9

Used vessels and filters from mobile-type
strontium removal system173

Name of waste

StoragevolumeSludge

597■Used vessel temporary storage area
■ Sludge storage facility□ Concentrated waste liquid storage tanks

ｍ３

Concentrated
9,097 ｍ３
waste
©TokyoElectricliquidPower Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

3,080／
6,067（51％）

Storage volume/capacity(%)
597／700（85％）
9,097／11,000
（46％）

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5. Future Challenge ・・Improvement of Waste Management Conditions(FROM “Temporary Storage” TO “Storage”)
Temporary storage areas will be released step by step including anticipated large
amount of waste to be generated in the future.
 Forecast waste volume arising from planned decommissioning works
 Develop and implement installation plan of volume reduction facility and additional
waste storage building based on waste generation forecast The waste stored in temporary storage area and to be generated in the future will bevolume-reduced as much as possible leading to storage in the solid waste building.
 Once a year, review the waste volume forecast and renew the installation plan ofwaste management facilities
Temporary storage
Waste Generation↑Current status↓FutureVolume reductionStorage©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Waste flow until storage
11

5. Future Challenge・・Forecast of Waste Generation(Before additional Measures)
Without additional volume reduction, solid waste storage volume will reachabout 750,000m3 on 2028.
【ｍ３】

2014

900,000

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

Mar 2016 Start of incineration of used protective clothing in Incinerator

Storage Volume

800,000

Note: Not include the waste volume
700,000 from fuel debris removal and demolitionof reactor/turbine building
600,000

500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0Felled trees
1～30mSv/h（Soil coverd）

Used protective clothingMore than 30mSv/h （Storage building）

0.1～1mSv/h（Sheet covered）

Less than 0.005mSv/h（ Outdoor storage ）0.005～0.1mSv/h（Outdoor storage）

Contaminated soil

©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

125. Future Challenge・・Forecast of Waste Generation(After additional Measures)
By 2028, outdoor temporary storage areas eliminated except thosefor low contaminated rubble and contaminated soil

Storage Volume

Outdoor temporary storage volume【ｍ３】 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027900,000
1～30mSv/h（Soil coverd）
Felled trees
Used protective clothing
800,000
0.1～1mSv/h（Sheet covered）
0.005～0.1mSv/h（Outdoor storage）
700,000
Contaminated soil
Less than 0.005mSv/h（ Outdoor storage ）600,000

2020 Start of volume reduction facility

500,0002019 Start of incineration of felledtrees and Protective clothing

400,000
300,000

200,000
100,000

Storage Volume0【ｍ３】 Storage volume in storage building
200,000
100,000

From 2020 on, stepwise construction ofsolid waste storage

2017 Completion Ｎｏ.9 storage building0©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

13

5. Future Challenge・・ Improvement of Waste Storage Method

 To improve waste storage conditions continuously,followings will be challenged:
 Eliminate / reduce temporary storage area
 Develop in-site reuse and recycle route for low
contaminated metal and concrete Research / develop decontamination technology forcontaminated soil
 Stabilize waste form
 Consider stabilization technology to the secondary
waste arising from contaminated water treatment
system by eliminating the water©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

14

5. Future Challenge・・ Toward Waste Proessing and Disposal
 Promoting characterization
 Necessary to analyze waste especially long lived nuclides which
are important to investigate processing and disposal of waste.
 Promote preparation of analytical labs with more capacity jointlywith JAEA in order to meet the varieties of and vast volume of waste
generated from decommissioning work.
 Development of waste processing and disposal methodology
 Develop appropriate waste processing and disposal methodology
meeting the individual results of waste characterization.
 Renewing waste categorization
 Based on the results of characterization and development of waste
processing and disposal methodology, renew waste categorization
on storage and incorporate into management of storage©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

15

Thank you for your attention.

©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

16