Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Top Ten Energy Efficiency
Best Available Technologies (BATs) and Best Practices (BPs）

Professional Guidance from (Alphabetically ordered)Ji Xie, Jiarong Zhao, Jinjiang Liu, Ping He, Qing Fang, Qing Wang, Rongchun Bai,

Shuben Ren, Xudong Zhao, Yande Dai, Yi Jiang, Yong Wu   

Planner
Shaoshan Xu

Editorial Associates
Nan Hu    Yingjin Jiang     Ying Zhang

-1-

P4

Preface

P6

Chronicle of Events
Edited by Nan Hu

P8Background of TOP TENs
Shaoshan Xu

P10

TOP TENs Evaluation Methodologies and Indicators
Nan Hu, Yingjin Jiang,Ying Zhang

P33First Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List
P33 China
P52

Edited by Nan Hu

Japan

Edited by Quan Bai

P129 The United States

Edited by Sheng Xin
P140 Australia

P155

Edited by Baorong Yuan

Second Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List
P155 China

Edited by Yingjin Jiang

P227 Japan

Edited by Jianfu Wang

P316 The United States

Edited by Jing Sang

P322 France

P366

Edited by Jing SangFirst Batch of International TOP TENs List
P366 Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
Edited by Yunpeng Zhang, Kan Wang
P368 Energy Efficiency Best Practices (BPs)

P369

Edited by Xiaoliang Sun

Second Batch of International TOP TENs List
P369 Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs) of Industry Sector
Edited by Ying Zhang
P370 Energy Efficiency Best Practices (BPs) of Industry Sector
Edited by Wei Han
P371 Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs) of Building Sector
P372 Energy Efficiency Best Practices (BPs) of Building Sector

Edited by Bin Hao

Edited by Qingpeng Wei, Lanqin Zhang-2-

P373 Enterprise Interviews

Reprinted from China Economic Herald

P373 Transform Corporate Social Responsibility into the Driving Force for Energy Conservation:
Pacific Textiles Strives to be an Industrial Pioneer
P378 S Zorb Low-temperature Waste Heat Power Generation: 'New Pacemaker' of Energy
Conservation Technologies of Chemical Industry
P382 Energy Passed in the Air-Permanent Magnetic Transmission Energy Saving Device of Xinyu
Iron & Steel: The Energy Saving Practice with the Maximum Power in the World
P386 Energy Consumption Waste of Compressed Air? Leave It to Smart Collocation Air
Compression Station
P391 Yungang Thermal Power's Way to Achieve Energy Conservation Serves Three Purposes
P395 Beautiful but Not 'Wasteful': White Swan Hotel’s Development Fueled by Energy Saving Measures
P399 CECEP Green Building Museum: Building A Glamorous Energy Conservation Visiting Cardfor Hangzhou
P404 Sino-German Ecopark 'Passive House' Project: Goes in the Forefront of Sustainable Energy
Conservation
P407 'Green Joy City' Implemented Objectives Oriented "Whole Process Energy Efficiency Management"
P411 Green Parks Can Realize the Energy Saving Effect by Following Certain Mode

P415 Expert Perspectives
P415 Scale up Energy Efficiency Investments: U.S. Top Tens Energy Efficient Technologies

Shaoshan Xu
P417 Application of Energy Efficient Technologies and Practices is the Vital Measure
to Realize Energy Efficiency Improvement

Jointly written by METI/ANRE and ECCJ

P421 Vigorously Deepen Multilateral Cooperation to Jointly Promote Energy Efficiency Improvement
Andrea Mott, Meredydd Evans, Sha Yu, Aaron Staniszewski,
Artur Denysenko, Lindsay Parker

P424 Promotion Events of TOP TENs
CQC, ECCJ, PNNL

P428 Appendix: G20 Energy Efficiency Leading Programme (G20 EELP)
Edited by Nan Hu, Ying Zhang, Yingjin Jiang-3-

Preface

As one of the key drivers of economic growth, energy efficiency improvement is an important basis for enhancing
energy security, optimizing energy structure, and improving environmental quality; it also plays an important role inpromoting ecological civilization and sustainable development. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA),
the global energy demand increased by 0.9% and the global energy intensity by 1.6% in 2019. Energy efficiency
improvement is the cornerstone to promote energy transformation and high-quality development. The continuous
breakthroughs in energy efficient technologies and management models is the core power to drive a new round oftechnological revolution and industrial revolution. Further international cooperation in energy saving and energy
efficiency improvement on a global scale will help countries actively tackle with climate change and transition
towards low-carbon development.

Industry, buildings, and transportation are key energy-consuming sectors. To identify and promote energy efficienttechnologies and management practices in these sectors, in 2013 China and Australia jointly led the establishment of
an international cooperation mechanism under the framework of the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency
Cooperation (IPEEC) – "Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies and Best Practices (TOP TENs)".
China Quality Certification Centre (CQC), a professional third-party certification body, has decades of experiencein energy efficiency, environmental protection, and low-carbon development. CQC has been promoting economic,
environmental, and social development in several business areas, including energy conservation certification,
new energy certification, energy efficient technology assessment, energy audit, greenhouse gas audit, carbon
footprint accreditation, and became one of the key technical institutions supporting the Chinese government. Since
2013, designated by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), CQC has been serving as theimplementing agency of TOP TENs to promote international cooperation on energy efficiency. CQC has beencollaborating with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory-4-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）(LBNL), the Energy Conservation Center of Japan (ECCJ), the French Environment and Energy Management
Agency (ADEME) and other technical institutions to assess energy efficient technologies and best practices acrosscountries and develop international TOP TENs lists. In 2016, G20 leaders launched an Energy Efficiency Leading
Programme (EELP) and TOP TENs was highlighted as one of the G20’s key areas of collaboration on energy
efficiency under the framework of EELP. By now, two batches of international TOP TENs lists have been released,
and vigorous promotion activities have been conducted on the occasion of G20 side events, China-U.S. Energy
Efficiency Forum, China-Japan Comprehensive Forum on Energy Saving and Environment Protection, and otherbilateral and multilateral cooperation activities, which have gained widespread attention and positive responses
in the international community, facilitated the TOP TENs brand building, and laid a good foundation for further
cooperation.

To further enhance the influence of TOP TENs, advance energy efficiency, and facilitate energy transformation,
CQC publishes the "TOP TENs Special Issue" in the journal of "China Quality Certification" , highlighting
the best energy efficient technologies and practices widely used and vigorously promoted in China, Australia,
France and Japan. It is expected that TOP TENs could provide technical and management solutions and important
support to key energy-consuming sectors to conserve energy, improve energy efficiency, and realize high quality
development.

At present, countries have made commitments of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and reaching carbon neutrality,
energy efficiency, as the "first fuel" , will play an important role in fulfilling these international commitments.
As the implementing agency of TOP TENs, CQC will strengthen TOP TENs cooperation with member countries,
build a platform to promote the "going out" and "bringing in" of energy efficient technologies and practices, foster
new prospects for win-win international cooperation, and promote low carbon and sustainable development.

-5-

Chronicle of Events
Edited by Nan Hu

TOP TENs was positioned as
one of the G20's key areas ofcollaboration on energy efficiency
under the framework of Energy
Efficiency Leading Programme(EELP).

The TOP TENs task groupwas set and the Term of

The 1st batch of domestic
TOP TENs list was released.

The 1st batch of international
TOP TENs list was released.

Reference was released.

Oct. 2013-6-

Jun. 2015

Dec. 2015

Sep. 2016

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

In the occasion of the 30th China
Energy Conservation Week, TOP TENs
Special Column was set by the National
Development and Reform Commission(NDRC) of China to conduct cloud
promotion.

Jun. 2020
The 2nd batch of international TOP
TENs list was released at the G20
side event.

The 2nd batch of domestic TOP
TENs list was released.

Jun. 2019

The 2nd round of TOP TENs
evaluation was conducted perenergy-using sector.
The 2nd round of TOP
TENs evaluation was

Jun. 2018

launched.

Mar. 2017
Oct. 2016-7-

Background of TOP TENs
Background of "Top Ten Energy Efficiency
Best Available Technologies (BATs) andBest Practices (BPs)"
Shaoshan Xu

To promote energy efficiency, China and Australia jointly

In order to ensure the selection of the best energy

led the establishment of the international cooperation

efficient technologies and practices, the Nationalm e c h a n i s m o f " To p Te n E n e rg y E ff i c i e n c y B e s t

Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) of

Available Technologies (BATs) and Best Practices (BPs)"

China coordinated the governments of the member(TOP TENs) under the framework of the International

states, as well as the China Quality Certification

Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC)

Center (CQC), the Pacific Northwest Nationalin 2013. TOP TENs is the first inter-governmental

Laboratory (PNNL), the Lawrence Berkeley National

international energy efficiency cooperation projectLaboratory (LBNL), the Energy Conservation Center

initiated by China. With member countries includingof Japan (ECCJ), the French Environment and Energy

China, Australia, Canada, France, Japan, South Korea

Management Agency (ADEME), and other technicaland the United States, TOP TENs aims to selectsupporting institutions to establish an international expert

and promote the best energy efficient technologies

panel in 2014. Building on international methodologies

and practices, improve energy efficiency and energyof evaluating technologies and considering the key

conservation management in key sectors, promotefactors such as energy-saving potential, economic andindustrial upgrading, and realize resource conservationsocial characteristics, environment, health and safety,

and environmental protection.

the expert panel developed a fair, scientific, and rigorous-8-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies(BATs) and Best Practices (BPs）evaluation method, which adopted a three-level index

collaboration on energy efficiency under the frameworksystem and included both qualitative and quantitativeof the Energy Efficiency Leading Programme (EELP).

indicators, serving as an important technical foundation

In 2017, the 2nd round of TOP TENs evaluation wasfor the TOP TENs evaluation. By applying this method,

launched, focusing on both industrial and buildings

each member state carries out a selection process

sectors. In 2019, the 2nd batch of international TOP

consisting of initial screening, preliminary evaluation,

TENs list was released; the steel, textile, coal, electric

technical review, re-evaluation, and on-site verification

power, petroleum and petrochemical, and otherto ensure that the energy efficient technologies andindustrial technologies and practices, as well as heating,practices in each country’s domestic TOP TENs list are

cooling, lighting, wall thermal, door, window, and otherthe most advanced, innovative, and replicable ones.

building technologies and practices, were included.

Following this method and process, each member state

Compared with the 1st round of TOP TENs selection,

first formulates its own domestic TOP TENs list per

the areas involved in the 2nd round of selection were

end-use sector, and then the international expert panel

more extensive, and fully demonstrated the advanced

evaluates the energy efficient technologies and practices

energy efficient technologies and practices adopted andin all the member countries’ domestic lists and finallyapplied by member states.

select 10 best energy efficient technologies and 10 best

The formulation and release of the international TOP

energy efficient practices to form an international TOP

TENs lists have gained widespread attention and

TENs list per sector.

positive responses in the international community,

Since the launch of the TOP TENs, the National

highlighted the great importance attached by member

Development and Reform Commission (NDRC)

states to energy conservation and energy efficiencyof China, the Department of the Environment andimprovement, deepened the multilateral and bilateral

Energy (DEE) of Australia, the Department of Energy

technical exchanges and international cooperation on(DOE) of the United States, the Ministry of Economy,energy efficiency, and demonstrated the significant

Trade and Industry (METI) of Japan, the Ministryrole of TOP TENs in improving energy efficiency andof Ecological and Solidarity Transition (MTES) of

promoting energy transition in G20 economies.

France, and other governmental departments have paid
high attention to TOP TENs and played active roles
in developing and promoting TOP TENs. In 2013, the
1st round of TOP TENs evaluation was launched, witha focus on the industrial sector. In 2015, the 1st batchof international TOP TENs list was released, covering
best technologies and practices in the metallurgical,
steel, cement, chemical, and other sectors. In 2016, TOP
TENs was highlighted as one of the G20’s key areas of-9-TOP TENs Evaluation Methodologies
and Indicators
Nan Hu Yingjin Jiang

Ying Zhang

Ⅰ.Introduction of TOP TENs

international relevance and will be applicable to end-users
in developed and emerging economies.

ⅰ.BackgroundThe goal of this work is to:• develop methodologies and approaches for the

The IPEEC TOP TENs Task Group was establishedto enhance multilateral cooperation for sharing andidentifying energy efficient best practices (BPs) and best
available technologies (BATs),improve how energy endusers apply them,and develop a consistent criteria andmethodology to compile,evaluate and disseminate such

evaluation,dissemination and promotion of practices andtechnologies,and• develop and maintain the TOP TENs' lists on BPs andBATs.

ⅱ.Organizational structure and management procedures

findings.
Through TOP TENs,members will share the available

The following provides a clear understanding of theinformation on best practices and technologies and createorganizational structure of TOP TENs (up to Sep. 2014) anda refined list from this information,which will have broad

information on how the TOP TENs program is managed.

-10-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Organizational structure

Establish methodologies and criteria
Steering GroupTOP TENs
Expert Panel

Membership• Definite responsibilities of Steering Group,Expert
Panel,Members,Operational Agency and TechnicalSupport Agency• Establish evaluation procedure and guideline.

• Co-Leaders: China, Australia• Members: U.S., Japan, France, Canada, South Korea
Operating Agency

Members collect and evaluate technologies and practices• CQC (China Quality Certification Centre)
Technical Support Agency

TOP TENs evaluates BATs and BPs to form TOP TENs lists• China: CQC,NECC(National Energy Conservation
C e n t r e ) , C E C E P ( C h i n a E n e rg y C o n s e r v a t i o n a n dEnvironmental Protection Group) and related bodies

Promote TOP TENs lists,trace implementation effects,and upgrade
lists and methodologies• Australia: IIP(Institute for Industrial Productivity)• U.S.: LBL(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)• Japan: ECCJ(Energy Conservation Centre,Japan)

specific and internationally-agreed sets of criteria.
All Task Group members are invited to assess any and• France:ADEME(Agency for Ecological Transition)

all practices and technologies being used by business

All IPEEC members are invited to join the Task Group.

within their economy,and submit a list of the top ten best

Non-member nations,international organizations and(energy management) practices and the top ten best (energy

private sector entities are encouraged to participate in thesaving) technologies as determined by the standard

Task Group initiatives upon approval of the participating

methodologies set out in this document.

economies.

All submitted lists will then be aggregated andrigorously assessed by an international panel ofⅲ.Management proceduresindustry experts,using the methodologies set out in

Refer to the figure on the right.

this document,to form the 'TOP TENs' lists. The 'TOP
TENs'lists will then be disseminated and promoted

Ⅱ.Introduction of Evaluation procedure and methodologies

internationally.

ⅰ.What is the purpose of this document?

ⅱ.What is contained within this document?

The purpose of this document is to provide a standard method

This document provides the following documents:

for assessing and subsequently ranking (energy management)• Introduction of TOP TENs,including background,organizational

practices and (energy saving) technologies,according tostructure and management procedure.

-11-• Evaluation procedure for compiling,analyzing anddemands raised by member countries,it's possible toranking a country-specific list of (energy management)

publish a list of best political practices.

practices and (energy saving) technologies.

ⅳ.What is defined as a 'technology'?

• Evaluation methodologies for TOP TENs BATs andBest available technologies refer to the technologies

BPs,including the indicators with weightings,guidelines

themselves,and do not include specific products andand actual evaluation examples of how practices andequipment (which are the carriers of the technologies) or

technologies could be evaluated,application templates
and requirements.

ⅲ.What is defined as a 'practice'?
Fundamentally,a 'practice' is a way of doing things. In
the context of the TOP TENs,a practice is the particular
way an organization unit undertakes that results inenergy savings. TOP TENs best practices cover all
sectors except agriculture,multiple lists of practices
will be developed in the next steps. Examples include:
running an energy management workshop each quarter.

system optimization and management systems. There isno limit on the sectors that energy-saving technologies
can be collected from. Both generic and sector-specifictechnologies (including cross-sector technologies) canapply for evaluation,all of which will be evaluated using
BAT evaluation method in this document.
Each member country shall select and recommend energysaving technologies in key development areas according
to their own resource endowment and energy structure.

a business-wide 'energy management awards' program.

Each member should select at least eight energy-saving

or setting energy management KPIs for operations

technologies to form a national BATs list,then summit atpersonnel that are reported on weekly. to name a few.

least five,and no more than ten,energy-saving technologies

Practices will either be particular to a certain project

as candidates to the TOP TENs Task Group. The TOPstage,or cover a business' entire operations. For

TENs BAT list will take into account the development of

example,a mining company may have a particularindustry,transportation,and buildings in each country,and also

practice which is adhered to in the design stage of a new

the different needs of developing versus developed countries.

mine,but is not relevant once the mine is built. On theⅴ.Evaluation Procedure for TOP TENs BATs and BPs

other hand,a manufacturer may have a business-wide

Refer to the figure on the next page.

energy efficiency policy that all staff must adhere to.

ⅵ.Promotion of the TOP TENs lists

Any country's government policy and/or regulation

The TOP TENs lists can be promoted by means

regarding energy efficiency is not intended to besuch as,but not limited to,expositions,energy savingassessed,addressed or ranked by the methodologies

and energy efficiency forums,capacity-building

detailed in this document. Any country's government

workshops,multimedia platforms,and policy instruments

policy and/or regulation regarding energy efficiency is(e.g. tax incentives,demonstration projects).

not included in this document. However,if there are such

Each member country shall determine the strategy for-12-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）-13-

promoting the country-specific list of best practices andSaving Potential,Technology Characteristics andbest available technologies and the TOP TENs lists.

Practicality,Economic Characteristics,and Social

ⅶ.Maintenance of the TOP TENs lists

Characteristics.

The TOP TENs lists in principle will be released once ayear. In order to ensure the lists are up-to-date,they will beⅰ Decisive Threshold Indicators

updated dynamically when:(ⅰ) Environment,Health,and Safety (EHS)(ⅰ) the evaluation methodologies are modified,or

The energy-saving technology shall have little or(ⅱ) practices and technologies are updates,orno impact on the environment,health,safety,and(ⅲ)a practice/technology has become ubiquitous orother areas of public concern,e.g. pollution tobusiness as usual (BAU) for most businesses.

air,water,or soil,occupational injury rate and accident

Ⅲ . I n d i c a t o r s f o r E v a l u a t i n g B e s t Av a i l a b l e
Technologies

rate,toxicity,teratogenicity due to long-term exposure.

(ⅱ) Maturity
The energy-saving technology should meet at least one

The Evaluation Indicator System is divided into twoof the following requirements:

parts: 'Decisive Threshold Indicators' and 'Qualitative &• Mass production/ large-scale production.

Quantitative Indicators'. The energy-saving technology• Commercialization.

must first meet the requirements of the Decisive• Promoted at national level.

Threshold Indicators.

ⅱ Qualitative & Quantitative Indicators

The full score of the Evaluation Indicator System is 100
points,which is the highest sum of the secondary indicators.
The total evaluation score of the energy-saving technology
can be calculated by multiplying its score from the 2nd levelindicators by the weights corresponding to those indicators.
The indicator explanation is only for providing the basis
for the evaluation,while each member country shalldetermine its own evaluation criteria and the weight ofthe 2nd level indicators. Member countries should submit
their adjusted Evaluation Indicators System,EnergySaving Technology Application Form,and Scoring Tables(ⅰ) Energy-Saving Potential• Level of energy efficiency
To c o m p a r e t h e e n e rg y e ff i c i e n c y o f d i ff e r e n ttechnologies,the baseline for calculating energy-savings
could refer to the historical energy consumptionof each technology. If available,it is recommended
that international baseline data receive preferentialconsideration.
• Market prospect
This is judged from the application proportion of thetogether to the TOP TENs Task Group.

energy-saving technology in 2014,and the expected

Technologies will be evaluated against the following criteria:

promotion proportion of the technology in 2017.

Environment,Health,and Safety (EHS),Maturity,Energy-• Energy-saving potential-14-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Forecast the potential annual energy-savings in eachfollowing process should be used to reach a final score:

member country by 2017.

1) Score each 2nd Level Indicator out of 100.

(ⅱ)Technology Characteristics and Practicality

2) Multiply that score by the sub-weighting listed for•Advanced nature and innovative naturethat 2nd Level Indicator.

Judge whether the technology is advanced at the3) Sum all sub-weighted scores to form the final score out

international level by comparing its parameters withof 100.

international baselines,which are provided by experts in
the relevant field.
Judge whether the technology is innovative,the judgment
is based upon innovative application of the conventional
technology.
•Reliability
The reliability of the technology should be scoredaccording to its MTBF (mean time between failures).

(ⅲ)Economic Characteristics• Investment per unit saved energy
Investment includes the infrastructure investment,equipment
investment,and maintenance & operation costs. The
investment shall be specified in heat or power units.
• Payback period
The payback period is the time needed to recover all
investment or reach the break-even point. Investment
refers to the expense of new technology and its operation& maintenance.

(ⅳ) Social Characteristics

1st Level Indicator
Energy Saving
Potential

Weight35%

Technical
Characteristics andPracticality

20%

Economic
Characteristics

35%

SocialCharacteristics

10%

2nd Level Indicator
Level of energy efficiency
Market prospect
Advanced nature andinnovative nature
Reliability
Investment per unit saved
energyPayback periodSocial impact

Ⅳ . G u i d e l i n e f o r TO P T E N s B e s t Av a i l a b l e
Technologies
ⅰ.Introduction
This Guideline discusses the following aspects of theevaluation system in the order it was organized,andthese are: Guide for Documentation. Declaration Form
Template. Example of technology (filled in declarationform). Evaluation criteria for indicators. Example ofcomplete methodology for TOP TENs BATs. Example of• Social impact

Actual Technology Evaluation.

Judge by comprehensive impacts to sustainable

It is the intention of this Guideline to be used as thed e v e l o p m e n t , c l i m a t e c h a n g e , e n e rg y s u p p l y a n d

official reference document by the IPEEC TOP TENs

employment.

Member Country applicants when joining the work.

(ⅴ)Weighting of indicators

Moreover,to increase more applicants by keeping themEach indicator is weighted such that when summed

fully aware on the requirements and other procedural

scores will add to a value between 20 and 100. The

matters prescribed by the Steering Group.

-15-

ⅱ Guide for Documentation
Procedural guidelines and applicable formation preparing thenational entry documents as shown and discussed below.
• Best Available Technologies Declaration Form
The declaration Form summited by applicants should atleast include the following information,-Overview of technology (including Background,Technical
Characteristic,Scope of use etc.).
-Related information and data required by evaluation criteria.
-Certification and endorsement.
-Brief Introduction of the applicant entity.

ⅲ Evaluation Criteria for Indicators(ⅰ)Decisive Threshold Indicators
Environment,Health,and Safety (EHS)• Evaluation criteria is as follows.
①Excellent

1②Energy Consumption by PhysicalUnits (Energy Intensity)
mark criteria (ranking in the total entry)
markcriteria (%)
100 top 20% group of total entry
≥
100
40％
top 20-40% group of total entry80≥  30％80
top 40-60% group of total entry
60
≥
60
20％
top 60-80% group of total entry40≥  10％40
top 80-100% group of total entry
20
＜ 10％
20
1. If the energy saving activity is=(Eb-Ea)/Eb*100%
Ea: energy consumption per continuously done for more than 3
unit of the evaluated product years,then the mark can be one grade
E b : a v e r a g e e n e r g y higher.
①Energy Saving Rate

consumption per unit
product in member
country(base scenario)
1. E b c o u l d b e o b t a i n e dfrom government statistic
d a t a,a v e r a g e d a t a o fsummited technologies
which are in the same
category etc.

,②⇒proceed to Quantitative & Qualitative Indicators②Fairly Excellent
1

Evaluation Criteria for 1.1 Level of energy efficiency,②⇒proceed to Quantitative & Qualitative Indicators③Unaccepted

1.2 Market prospect (10%)
1.2 includes 2 indicators for evaluation: Proportion•Maturity

Applied in 2014, Increased Promotion from 2014-2017.

Evaluation criteria is as follows.
①Excellent

1,②⇒proceed to Quantitative & QualitativeEvaluation
Indicators Criteria for 1.2 Level of Market prospect②Fairly Excellent
1,②⇒proceed to Quantitative & Qualitative Indicators③Unaccepted(ⅱ)Qualitative & Quantitative Indicators
1.Energy-Saving Potential (35%)
1.1 Level of energy efficiency (15%)
1.1 includes 3 indicators for evaluation: Energy Saving
Rate,Energy Consumption by Physical Units (Energy
Intensity),and Continuity of energy saving for recent 3
years.

①Proportion Applied in ②Increased Promotion from 2014-2017
within member country or world-wide2014(estimated number)markcriteria (%)
markcriteria (%)
> 50％
100
>
100
80％
≤
80
40％
≤
80
80％
≤
60
30％
≤
60
50％
≤
40
20％
≤
40
20％
≤
20
10％
≤
20
10％
1. For those widely applied technologies(application proportion >90％ in the
country),② should use estimated proportionin the world-wide.
Formula is TBD.

-16-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

1.3 Energy-saving potential (10%)

Evaluation Criteria for 2.2 Level of Reliability

1.3 includes 3 indicators for evaluation: Energy Saving
Amount,Perspective Application Cases by 2017,andMarket Capacity by 2017.
Evaluation Criteria for 1.3 Energy-saving potential① Contribution rate of energy savings to the sector
markcriteria (%)
> 80％
100
≤ 80％
80
≤ 60％
60
≤ 40％
40
≤ 20％
20
Formula is TBD.

2.Technical Characteristics and Practicality (20%)
2.1 Advanced nature and innovative nature (10%)
2.1 includes 2 indicators for evaluation: Advanced
nature,Innovative nature.
Evaluation Criteria for 2.1 Level of energy efficiency①Advanced naturemark criteria
100 advanced at the international level(not apply)
80
60 average at the international level(not apply)40
20 below average at the international
level ,but advanced at the countrylevel②Innovative naturemark criteria
100 a very innovative technology

80
60
40
20

compared with theconventional
ones(not apply)some improvements to theconventional technology(not apply)
no improvement to theconventional practice

1. P a r a m e t e r s o f i n t e r n a t i o n a lbaseline could be obtained
from database of international
institutes,expert comments etc.

2.2 Reliability (10%)
2.2 includes 1 indicator for evaluation: MTBF (mean time
between failures).

3.Economic Characteristics (25%)
3.1 Investment per unit saved energy (15%)① MTBF (mean time between failures)
markcriteria (ranking in the total entry)
100
40% higher than average of total entry/ sector standard
80
20% higher than average of total entry/ sector standard
60
10% higher than average of total entry/ sector standard
40
5% higher than average of total entry/ sector standard
lower than average of total entry/ sector standard20

3.1 includes 1 indicator for evaluation: Investment Per
Unit Saved energy.
Evaluation Criteria for 3.1 Investment Per Unit Saved energy① Investment Per Unit Saved energy
markcriteria> 30% lower than the base scenario
100
80
30% lower than the base scenario
60
10% lower than the base scenario
almost the same as the base scenario
40
more than the base scenario
20

3.2 Payback period (10%)
3.2 includes 1 indicator for evaluation: Payback Period.
Evaluation Criteria for 3.2 Payback Period① Payback Period
mark
100
80
60
40
20

criteria≤3 years≤5 years≤10 years≤15 years>15 years

4.Social Characteristics (10%)
4.1 Social impact (10%)
4.1 includes 4 indicators for evaluation: sustainable
Evaluation Criteria for 4.1 Social impact① in accordance with the general evaluation criteria(see below)
markcriteria
Excellent (4 yes)
100
Good (3 yes)
80
Fair (2 yes)
60
Below Average (1 yes)
40
Poor (0 yes)20
1. If the technology has positive impact on one aspect of social impact(4.1.1~4.1.4),it counts for 1 yes.

-17-d e v e l o p m e n t , c l i m a t e c h a n g e , e n e rg y s u p p l y, a n d-Future prospect of the subject practice to be proposed

employment.

in terms of future possible amount of energy reduced.
-The scope of the energy-saving policy should be

Ⅴ.Indicators for Evaluating Best Practices

considered.

Practices will be evaluated against the following criteria:(ⅱ)Sustainability

Energy Saving and Cost,Sustainability,Originality and•PDCA (Plan,Do,Check,Act)

Innovation,Transferability,Co-benefits.

Plan and Do:

ⅰ. Overall Impact Indicator-Along "The baseline",the energy consumption data to
be collected.

•Impact on Environment,Health,Safety-Historical data as well,preferably a few years at least

The energy-saving technology shall have little or noare needed.

impact on the environment,health,safety,and other areas-Action Plant be compiled after the prioritization ofof public concern.

possible EC projects.

•Overall impact of originality and innovativeness on
the successful EE/C activities.

ⅱ.Qualitative & Quantitative Indicators(ⅰ)Energy Saving and Cost

-Such plan,often multi-year basis to be consistent withthe entity's mid- or long-term management plan.
-The plan to be put into implementation after theapproval within the entity.
Check and Act:

•Energy Saving Value-Progress to be continuously monitored in comparison-Energy saving in terms of energy intensity (energy unit

with the plan.

consumption) by implementation of the subject BP.
-Percentage of energy reduction from "the baseline" (asdescribed in 2.2) <N.B.>.
-Units to be Wh/year,kL/y,ktoe/y,etc.
-Energy conversion factors to be specified (probably the
one used in the country or IEA method).

-Proper remedial actions to be made if something wrong
is found.
-After the completion of the plan,results to be assessedfrom various viewpoints,and feedback to be made forthe future stages.

(ⅲ)Originality and Innovation•Originality of Practice•Cost Effectiveness-Introduction of advanced technologies-Investment cost which realized the subject BP.

-Excellency in issue-finding and problem-solving-Payback period<N.B.>

procedure .

-Monetary unit to be the hard currencies such as USD.

•Innovative application of conventional Practice-Basic data used in calculation to be clearly shown.

-Measures based upon innovative application of the• Prospect

conventional technology.

-18-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）(ⅳ)Transferability-Influences on health condition and safety of the staff•Generality

and /or general public.

-Because of general versatility,replicable in otherareas of the same factory/other factories.

(ⅵ)Weighting of indicators
Each indicator is weighted such that when summed-Because of general versatility,replicable in otherscores will add to a value between 20 and 100. The

sectors/areas.

following process should be used to reach a final•Ease of Implementation

score:-Ease of equipment procurement.

- Score each 2nd Level Indicator out of 100.

-Ease of maintenance including parts procurement.

- Multiply that score by the sub-weighting listed for-Introduction of the technology and equipmentthat 2nd Level Indicator.

eligible for government subsidy.

-Sum all sub-weighted scores to form the final score•Ability to integrate External resources

out of 100.

-The ability to obtain political support.
-The ability of commercialization.
-The ability to leverage private sector expertiseto facilitate execution and promotion of the

1st Level Indicator
Energy Saving
and Cost
Sustainability

practice(e.g. build on ESCO and other financing
program options,consider outsourcing the practice

Originality andInnovation

to NGO that specialize in program design andimplementation,leverage PDCA activities).

(ⅴ)Co-benefits•Environmental Benefits-Amount and percentage of CO 2 reduction to beTransferability

Co-benefits

Weight
2nd Level Indicator
35%
Energy Saving Value
Cost EffectivenessProspectManagement Factor
20%
PDCA (Plan, Do, Check andAct)
Originality of Practice20%
Innovative application of
conventional PracticeGenerality
15%
Ease of Implementation
Ability to integrate External
resources
10%
Environmental Benefits
Social Awareness Benefits

Ⅵ.Guideline for TOP TENs Best Practices

described. <N.B.>.
-Conversion factors (nationally defined coefficients oran international norms such as IEA's to be clarified.
-If any type of reductions in waste and or pollution
occurs,specify the items and changes.
•Social Awareness Benefits

ⅰ.Introduction-To promote and disseminate Best Practices (hereinafter
called BP) in energy management demonstrated or appliedin all the sectors in the TOP TENs member countries.
-To encourage all sector participation in adopting
and implementing innovative and creative energy-Improve energy-saving awareness of the staff and /ormanagement approaches towards energy conservation

general public,effect on sectors media attention to theto enhance business growth.

practice.

-To promote energy management as a tool to save-19-

energy. as another form of energy resource. and,tototal number of pages must not exceed 17 pages.

improve environmental quality in the TOP TENs(ⅱ)Project/Activity Overview

member countries and other countries in the future.

Summarize the following in brief within 1 page.

ⅱ.Criteria and Distribution of Scores

1.Status of the project in EE&C policy / commitment
2.Purposes and targets of the project including reasons to

The Board of Judges shall give evaluation scores inselect the theme.

view of the substance of the contents and information

This may include the current energy status such as annual

presented therein in the submitted entry documents inenergy consumption.

reference to sets of established criteria.
The maximum total point score number is 100 marks
based on the major criteria distribution.
They are: Energy Saving and Cost, Sustainability,
Originality and Innovation,Transferability and Co-

3.Outline of the project specifics with the following
points.
(1)Organization of energy management implementationand dissemination of measure.
(2) Duration of project.
(3) Process flow and specific area(s) for improvement

benefits.

(4) Key measures for improvement including changes inTable on page 21 shows the main criteria and its sub-process flow.

criteria group with corresponding maximum percentage(Operating / maintenance conditions and modification /point allocation.

installation of equipment and process)ⅲ Guide for Documentation(5) Impact by comparing the following between thebaseline and after implementing the project:

Procedural guidelines and applicable formation-Energy consumption (Annual total and unit energy

preparing the national entry documents as shown andconsumptions)discussed below.

(ⅰ)Application Form
Applicants should follow documentation format in theorganized item order presentation as shown on page 22.
Remark:-Economical merits-Other tangible / intangible merits to be emphasized(6)Measures to sustain improvement such as
standardization and training.
4.Future plan .

-All entries must be typewritten in single(ⅲ) Guidelines for Overall Impact Indicatorsparagraph,Times New Roman 12 pt font,1 inch margin•Impact on Environment,Health,and Safety

from all sides. A4 size paper.

-The energy-saving technology shall have little or no-There is no definite number of pages allocated for each

impact on the environment,health,safety,and other areas

submission heading or discussion items. However,theof public concern.

-20-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Criteria and Mark Structures
No

1

2

3

4

5

6

Criteria Group

Evaluation criteria is as follows:① Excellent

Maximum Marks Allocation

Energy Saving and Cost(Achieved)
1.1Energy Saving Value
1.1.1 Energy Saving Amount (kWh/year,kL/year,ktoe)
1.1.2 Energy Saving Ratio (%)
1.1.3 Continuity of Energy Saving for these 3 years
1.2 Cost Effectiveness1.1.1 Investment
1.1.2 Payback Period
1.3 Prospect
1.3.1 Promotion Potential within the country
Sustainability (How achieved)
2.1 Management Factor
2.1.1 Leadership and people
2.1.2 Capacity Building
2.2 PDCA
2.2.1 Data analysis and target setting(Plan)
2.2.2 Developing Action Plan and Implementation
2.2.3 Monitoring Process
2.2.4 Feedback Process
Originality and Innovation(How Achieved)
3.1 Originality of Practice
3.2 Innovative application of conventional PracticeTransferability (Replicability)
4.1 Generality
4.1.1 General Applicability
4.2 =4.2.1 Ease of Implementation
4.3 =4.3.1 Ability to Integrate External resources
Co-Benefits
5.1 Environmental Benefits
5.1.1 Reduction in CO2
5.1.2 Reduction in waste and/or pollution(air/water/noise/odor etc)
5.2 Social Awareness benefits
Total

1

35%
15%

10%

10%
20%
10%

10%

20%
10%
10%
15%
5%
5%
5%
10%
7%

3%
100%

successful EE/C activities,②⇒proceed to Quantitative & Qualitative
Indicators
Evaluation
system is as follows:

Excellent②
1 Fairly,②⇒proceed
to Quantitative & Qualitative Indicators① Excellent③ Unaccepted② Fairly Excellent
1 ,②⇒proceed to Quantitative & Qualitative Indicators③ Unaccepted

Overall impact of originality and innovativeness on the1,②⇒proceed to Quantitative & Qualitat-21-

Item No.

1
2
3

4
4-(1)

4-(2)

Submission Heading/Discussion Items

Application Cover
Certification and endorsement
Project/Activity Overview
1.1 Description
1.2 Rationale
1.3 Target
Indicators for Evaluating TOP TENs BPs
Overall Impact Indicators
1.Impact on Environment,Health,and Safety
2.Overall Impact of originality and innovativeness on the successful
EE/C activities
Quantitative and Qualitative Indicators
1.Energy Saving and Cost
1.1 Energy Saving Value (kWh/year,kL/year,ktoe)
1.1.1 Energy Saving amount1.1.2 Energy Saving ratio
1.1.3 Continuity of Energy Saving for 3 years
1.2 Cost Effectiveness1.2.1 Investment
1.2.2 Payback Period
1.3 Prospect
1.3.1 Promotion Potential within the country
2.Sustainability
2.1 Management factor
2.1.1 Leadership and people
2.1.2 Capacity building
2.2 PDCA
2.2.1 Data analysis and Target setting(Plan)
2.2.2 Developing action Plan and Implementation(Do)2.2.3 Monitoring Process(Check)2.2.4 Feedback Process(Act)3.Originality and Innovation
3.1 Originality of Practice3.1.1 Originality of Practice
3.2 Innovative application of conventional Practice3.2.1 Innovative application of conventional Practice
4. Transferability
4.1 Generality
4.1.1 General Applicability
4.2 Ease of Implementation
4.2.1 Ease of Implementation
4.3 Ability to integrate External resources
4.3.1 Ability to integrate External resources
5. Co-Benefits
5.1 Environmental Benefits
5.1.1 Reduction in CO2
5.1.2 Reduction in waste and/or prolusion
5.2 Social Awareness Benefits
5.2.1 Awareness Improvement on Energy Saving,Environmental
protection,Health and Safety.

-22-

Maximum Number of Page Allocation*

1
1
1

No requirement

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）(ⅳ)Guidelines for Quantitative and Qualitative

for more than 3 years,then the mark can be one grade

Indicators

higher.

1. Energy Saving and Cost (35%)

In case of more than 1 year,the subject number (energy

1.1 Energy Saving Value (kWh/year,KL/year,ktoe/year)

intensity) to be converted to the same production(15%)

basis.

1.1.1 Energy saving amount(4) Energy reduction percentage of the whole

1.1.2 Energy saving ratio

production process as well to be described for the

1.1.3 Continuity of energy saving for these three years

reference.

Evaluated from two sets of numbers i.e. energy(5) In case 'the base line' is too low,due consideration

intensity and energy reduction percentage versus
subject process total energy consumption(1) Energy Intensity (energy unit consumption,specificenergy consumption)
On the premise that the data has a normal
distribution,we divide all the entry data into 5 portions
by every 20% from the top.
Evaluation system is as follows.
Mark

Criteria

100         top  20%            group of  total  entry
  80          top  20% -40%   group of  total  entry
  60          top  40%-60%    group of  total  entry
  40          top  60% -80%   group of  total  entry
  20          top  80%-100%  group of  total  entry(2) Energy reduction percentage versus total energy
consumption of the entity

to be taken when deciding final mark.
(6) In regard to item 1 .1(Energy Saving
Va l u e ) , a v e r a g e m a r k o f t h e e a c h i t e m s t o b e
calculated. (ex. ①=100 ②=80 average=90)
1.2 Cost Effectiveness (10%)
1.2.1 Investment
E v a l u a t e d f r o m t h e p e r c e n t a g e o f t h e e n e rg yconservation investment out of total investment of theentityEvaluation system is as follows:
Mark                                      Criteria
100     ≥   3%   of   annual total investment  of the entity                                      80      ≥ 2%  of   annual total  investment  of the entity                                    60      ≥   1%   of  annual total  investment  of  the entity                                 40      ≥  0.5% of  annual total investment of the entity                       ＜0.5%   of  annual total investment  of the entity   20

Evaluation system is as follows:
1.2.2 Payback Period
  Mark                                         Criteria
100       ≥ 30％of total energy consumption of the entity                              80         ≥20％     of total energy consumption of the entity    60         ≥10％     of total energy consumption of the entity    40          ≥5％      of total energy consumption of the entity  
＜5％      of total energy consumption of the entity  
20(3) If the energy saving activity is continuously done

Payback Period is calculated by the following formula
however,applicant to clarify the actual calculation
method in detail.
Payback period=Cost of Project / Annual Cash
Inflows (energy saving merit-running cost of the-23-related facility-maintenance cost of the related facility).

to promote EC in the following area exists.

<N.B.>

permanent EC manager,specific EC organization,energy• Monetary unit to be the hard currencies such as USD.

policy,energy target etc.

• Basic data used in calculation to be clearly shown .

2.1.2 Capacity Building

Evaluation system is as follows:

Whether or not necessary capacity building is being
carried out to level up the capacity of the people  Mark                              Criteria
100
~2
years
80
2~3
years
60
3~5
years
40
5~ 10
years
20
10~
years

involved and ,awareness-raising and motivation arebeing given during the course of capacity building?
Evaluation system is as follows:

If actual number of the investment and payback-period
is not available,there is no needto evaluate costeffectiveness,then the comment to be made what is thecost-effectiveness in detail＊In regard to item 1.2 (Cost Effectiveness),average markMark  Criteria (yes/no answer to the questions regarding existence of
permanent EC   manager,specific EC organization,and the capacity
building program )100   three yes's  plus two  other aspects of the management factor
80     three yes's  plus one  other aspects of the management factor
60     three yes's                   40     two yes's
20 one yesof the each items to be calculated.(ex. ①=100,②=80

2.2 PDCA (10%)

average=90)

2.2.1 Data analysis and Target setting (Plan)

1.3 Prospect

2.2.2 Developing Action Plan and1.3.1 Promotion Potential within the country

Implementation (Do)

Future prospect of the subject practice to be proposed in•Along "The baseline",the energy consumption data

terms of possible amount of energy reduced in the future.

to be collected.

Evaluation system is as follows:•Historical data as well,preferably a few years at least
are needed.

Mark  Criteria                         Judgment standard
100    Excellent     more than 30 cases can occur in the future80      Good           more than 20 cases can occur in the future60      Fair              more than 10 cases can occur in the future
40 Below Average   more than   5 cases can occur in the future20     Poor              more than 3 cases can occur in the future•Action Plant to be compiled after the prioritization of
possible EC projects.
•Such plan,often multi-year basis to be consistent
with the entity's mid- or long-term

management

2. Sustainability (20%)

plan.

2.1 Management Factor (10%)•The plan to be put into implementation after the

2.1.1 Leadership and people

approval within the entity.

Whether or not clear commitment of the top management

Evaluation system is as follows:-24-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Yes/no answer to the questions regarding existence of

3. Originality and Innovation①the data along with the baseline ②historical data of

3.1. Originality of Practicethese a few years ③action plan after the prioritizationof possible EC project ④multi-year plan consistent
with the entity's mid or long term management plan
⑤implementation after the approval within the entity.
Mark                       Criteria
100                        5 yes's
80
4 yes’s60
3 yes’s40
2 yes’s20
1 yes’s• Introduction of advanced technologies• Excellency in issue-finding and problem-solving
procedure.
Evaluation system is as follows:
Mark                                     Criteria
100     introduction of such a very advanced technology
80        (not apply)
60       introduction of ordinary but new technology
40        (not apply)
20       no introduction of such a new technology

2.2.3. Monitoring Process (Check)2.2.4. Feedback Process (Act)3.1.1 Originality of Practice5%

3.2 Innovative application of conventional Practice.
3.2.1 Innovative application of conventional Practice.

•Progress to be continuously monitored in comparison•Measures based upon innovative application of thewith the plan.

conventional technology.

•Proper remedial actions to be made if something

Evaluation system is as follows:

wrong is found.
•After the completion of the plan,results to beassessed from various viewpoints,and feedback to bemade for the future stages.
Evaluation system is as follows:

Mark                                         Criteria
100       a very innovative application compared with             the conventional practices
80         (not apply)
60        some improvements to the conventional practice40        (not apply)
20        no improvement to the conventional practiceYes/no answer to the questions regarding ① progress

4. Transferability (Replicability)(15%)

to be continuously monitored in comparison with

4.1 Generality

the plan ②proper remedial actions to be made if
something wrong is found ③ results to be assessed

4.1.1 General Applicability•Because of general versatility,replicable in other areas ofthe same factory/other factories.

from various viewpoints ④feedback to be made for• Because of general versatility,replicable in other sectors/areas.

the future stages.

Evaluation system is as follows:

Mark                                    Criteria
100        4yes's plus any other aspects of the PDCA related action
80          4 yes's  
60
3 yes’s40
2 yes’s20
1 yes’sMark                               Criteria
100           prevalent without any limit in terms of the area
80             (not apply)
60             prevalent in all over the entity
40             (not apply)
20             no prevalence except for the subject project area-25-

4.2 Ease of Implementation

expertise to facilitate execution and promotion of the

4.2.1 Ease of Implementation

practices.

• Ease of equipment procurement.
• Ease of maintenance including parts procurement.
• Introduction of the technology and equipment eligible
for government subsidy.
Evaluation system is as follows:
Yes/no answer to the questions regarding existence of①ease of equipment procurement ②ease of maintenanceincluding parts procurement ③introduction of thetechnology and equipment eligible for government
subsidy.
Mark                                 Criteria
100        three yes's of all but not limited to the above items               plus something else
80          three yes's from within the above three items
60          two yes's from within the above three items
40          one yes's from within the above three items
20
no yesMark                                    Criteria  
100           three yes's of all but not limited to the above                 items plus something else
80             three yes's
60             two yes's from within the above three items
40             one yes's   ditto20
no yes

5. Co-benefits (10%)
5.1 Environmental Benefit (5%)
5.1.1 Reduction in CO2
5.1.2 Reduction in waste and/or pollution (air/water/
noise/odor etc)
•Amount and percentage of CO 2 reduction to be
described.
<N.B.>•Conversion factors (nationally defined coefficients oran international norms such as IEA's to be clarified.
•If any type of reductions in waste and or pollution

4.3 Ability to integrate External resources

occurs,specify the items and changes.

4.3.1 Ability to integrate External resources

Evaluation system is as follows:• The ability to obtain political support other than subsidy

Refer to the table on the next page.

• The ability of commercialization

5.2 Social Awareness Benefits (5%)• The ability to leverage private sector expertise to• Improve energy-saving awareness of the staff and /orfacilitate execution and promotion of the practice(e.g. Build

general public,effect on sectors media attention to theon ESCO and other financing program options,considerpractice.

outsourcing the practice to NGO that specialize in• Influences on health condition and safety of the staff

program design and implementation,leverage PDCA

and /or general public.

activities).

Evaluation system is as follows:

Evaluation system is as follows:②Yes/no answer to the questions regarding existence of①the ability to obtain political support ②the ability ofcommercialization ③the ability to leverage private sector-26-Mark                                    Criteria
active in inside and outside of the entity
100(not apply)
80
active in inside or outside of the entity
60(not apply)40
not active
20

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）Mark   CriteriaMark     Criteria              (ranking in the total entry)                                             (CO2 reduction %)      100       ≥ 30%     100       top  20% group of  total  entry
80        top  20-40% group of  total entry	               80        ≥ 20%                  60       ≥10%   
60        top  40-60% group of total entry
40       ≥  5%     40        top  60-80% group of total entry＜ 5%20        top  80-100% group of total entry 20＊ If there are reductions in any other items than CO2 i.e.
air,water,noise,odor etc. to a certain degree,then the markcan be one grade higher.
＊In regard to item 5.1 (Environmental Benefits),averagemark of the each items to be calculated.(ex. ①=100,②=80
average=90)

-27-

-28-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

-29-

-30-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

-31-

-32-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）First Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List
China BAT List
Edited by Nan Hu

BAT1：Foundry metal stress relief technology

can be eliminated,thereby saving energy.

2.Main technical specifications
1.Technical principle

The Fourier spectrum analysis of the metal workpiece
can detect 5 resonant frequencies and 2 spare resonant

Spectrum harmonic based stress processing techniquefrequencies. the other vibration parameters are adjusted

is to perform Fourier analysis on metal workpieces,toautomatically by the vibration equipment except that

detect harmonic frequencies within 100Hz,applies

the excitation force is adjusted to ensure two maximuma d e q u a t e e n e rg y a t m u l t i p l e d e t e c t e d h a r m o n i cvibration acceleration values of 30~70m/s2. the vibration

frequencies to vibrate,generates multi-directional
dynamic stress,superimposed with multi-dimensionalfrequency is below 6000rpm,with low noise. themaximum exciting force can reach 80kN.

distributed residual stress. It creates a plastic yielding
effect,thereby reducing the peak residual stress and

3.Energy saving effects

homogenizing the residual stress distribution as well.

Compared with traditional TSR (Thermal Stress

By applying this technology,it no longer needs heat

Relief),this technology has energy saving more than 95%

treatment of the metal workpiece,and the residual stresson average. Compared with sub-resonant VSR (Vibration-33-

Stress Relief) technology,the application area of spectrum

500,000 Nm3/h. Inlet pressure: 150kPa. Gas turbine speed:

harmonics-based stress relief technology reaches more than

3000rpm～3600rpm. Output power: 100MW. SHRT

90%,while the application area of the former is only 23%.

main Specifications: sintering circular cooling system:

4.Application areas
This technology can be widely used to eliminate theresidual stress of metal workpieces after casting,forging,

220m 2. Configurates 5000kW residual heat recovery
steam turbine. sintering main blower flow rate 22000m3/
min. motor: 8000kW,residual energy utilization efficiency
increased by 5%.

welding,cutting,etc.. it is mainly used for stress relief ofsmall,light and thin-walled metal workpieces,and can also

3.Energy saving effects

be used for stress relief of some large structural parts.

Compared with blower unit,the average energy saving
efficiency of BPRT technique is more than 50%.

BAT2：Waste energy recovery technology in themetallurgical industry using a coaxial drive turbine unit
1.Technical principle
Blast furnace Power Recovery Turbine unit（BPRT）
and Sintering blower residual Heat Recovery Turbine(SHRT) refers to the combination of blast furnace blower

compared with the original sintering main blower,theaverage energy saving efficiency of SHRT unit is morethan 60%.

4.Application areas
This technology can be widely used in the field of joint
applications of waste heat & waste pressure power
recovery and mechanical driving system,which is

and gas turbine into one unit,and the energy recovered byapplicable for metallurgy,coal chemical industry and otherthe gas turbine directly drive the blast furnace blower. atindustries.

the same time,the original motor-driven sintering blower
and sintering residual heat power generation system aremodified,and the main blower is jointly driven by thesteam turbine and the electric motor. Both BPRT and
SHRT eliminate power generators,power generation anddistribution systems,and merge auto control,lubricating
oil,and power oil systems,avoids energy losses causedby energy conversion,improves energy efficiency,reduce
environmental pollution,and reduces product costs.

BAT3-1：Industrial Low Grade Waste Heat Recovery：
Slag water waste heat recovery blast furnace
1.Technical principle
The direct heat exchange waste heat recovery technologyof blast furnace slag water adopts a special slag water
heat exchanger to realize the 60℃~90℃ blast furnace
slag water directly enters the heat exchanger,heats the

2.Main technical specifications

heating water without filtering,which is used for heat

BPRT main Specifications: Blast furnace gas flow:

supply,thereby reducing coal consumption and pollutant-34-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）emissions,to achieve the purpose of energy conservationof waste heat from blast furnace slag water during

and emission reduction. After cooling,the slag waterproduction processes such as ironmaking and copper

continues the circulate slag flushing. For the slag

smelting. it is more meaningful to be promoted especiallyflushing processes such as INBA,Jiaheng,and Minte within north China where has demands of central heating.

cooling towers,the cooling tower can be closed to further
save power and water consumption. and for the slag
flushing processes without cooling towers,after the slag
water being cooled,the evaporation of the slag water isreduced,which can reduce the water consumption.

2.Main technical specifications
Per ton of iron output,can be equipped with a heating
2

area of 0.4~0.6m ,energy saving 5~7.5 kg of standard
coal,water saving 40.0~57.6 kg,power saving 0.3~0.4
kWh. the slag water no need to be filtered.

3.Energy saving effects
At present,the iron output is about 710 million tons in
China,the slag iron ratio is 350kg,and the waste heat
resources from slag flushing are equivalent to about 15.3
million tons of standard coal. In which,iron output in thenorth accounts for 63.5% of the total output,and 36.5% in
the south. With the increasing demand for central coolingand heating in China,there is a broad market prospect forthe direct heat exchange waste heat recovery technologyof blast furnace slag water. Estimated by the promotionof this technology in 50% of the applicable production
capacity,it'll achieve an annual energy saving of 2.22
million tons of standard coal and 4.9 million tons ofcarbon dioxide emissions reduction.

BAT3-2：Industrial Low Grade Waste Heat Recovery：
Thermoelectric coordinated central heating technology
1.Technical principle
The thermoelectric coordinated central heating
technology is to improve heating capacity,reduce heatingenergy consumption,realize energy conservation byrecovering waste heats,including specially developed
absorption heat exchange units and waste heat recovery
dedicated heat pump units. In the thermal station of thecogeneration central heating system,the heat pump heatexchange unit replaces the conventional water-to-water
heat exchanger,which greatly reduces the return watertemperature of the primary network to about 20℃. theheating water is heated to 130°C by waste heat recovery
dedicated heat pump unit of the thermal power plant(recovering waste heat from steam turbine condenser
exhaust steam in power plant) and peak heaters by
cascade style,and then supplied. During the operation,aheat storage device is installed in thermal station,sothat the heat pump can fully utilize the valley power tomaintain the required return water temperature in primary
network. a heat storage tank is installed in thermal power
plant to maintain heating supply capacity and stable

4.Application areas

waste heat recovery,and the on-grid power of generator

This technology is suitable for the recovery and utilization

units can be adjusted within the range of 60%-100%-35-

of the rated value,alleviating the problem of peak load

The cement suspension preheating and calcining technology

regulation difficulties of the power grid in winter. The key

with high solid-gas ratio is to improve the internal solid

technologies mainly include heat pump heat exchangematerial and airflow mass ratio of the system to achieve theunits and heat pump waste heat recovery units of power

effects of improving the thermal efficiency of the system

plant as the core.

and enhancing the thermal stability of the system,which is

2.Main technical specifications
Compared with the conventional cogeneration system,theheating capacity is increased by 30%-50%,and theheating network transmission capacity is increased
by 60%-80%,which can realize long-distance heating
supply. For the new built large-scale heating network,theconstruction investment can be reduced by more than 30%.

3.Energy saving effects
Compared with conventional thermal power plants,theenergy consumption of heating supply is greatly
reduced,the energy-saving effect is nearly 50%. If thisan original processing technique,has comprehensive benefitsof energy conservation,production increasing,quality
improvement,and emissions reduction,consists of suspension
preheaters with high solid-gas ratio and external circulation
reactor with high solid-gas ratio. The high solid-gas ratio
suspension preheater adopts parallel double series airflow
and cross one-way material flow to complete gas-solid heatexchange,improves the contact area between solid material
and hot gas and the times of gas-solid heat exchange,which
greatly improves the heat transfer efficiency and significantly
reduces the gas temperature of preheater exit. The external
circulation reactor with high solid-gas ratio makes unburnt

technology is promoted in central heating area of 300

or incompletely reacted coarse particulate return to themillion m2,it will have energy saving 1.2 million tons ofreactor many times,which greatly improves solid-gas ratio

standard coal annually.

and the residence time of the material in calciner,makes the

4.Application areas
This technology is applicable for central heating area,toreplace small and medium-sized coal boilers,is aneffective way to solve the shortage of heating sources innorthern cities in winter.

raw material reaction rate close to 100 %. This technology
is jointly configured with grate coolers and process control
technology,achieves a better integration effect.

2.Main technical specifications
Compared with the ordinary five-stage preheating andpre-calcining technology,the exhaust gas temperature is

BAT4：Cement suspension preheating and calcining
technology with high solid-gas ratio
1.Technical principle-36-

reduced by 20%,the exhaust gas volume is reduced by
20%,and the emissions of SO2 and NOx are reduced bymore than 50%.

3.Energy saving effects

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）Compared with the ordinary five-stage heat exchange

The technology also switches between air-cooling chiller

technology,the production capacity is increased byunits (mechanical refrigeration) and closed cooling

40%. the coal consumption per ton of cement clinker istowers (natural cooling sources) according to the outdoor

reduced by 16kg,the power consumption is reduced bytemperature,to improve the utilization efficiency of

13%,and the energy saving rate is above 10%.

natural cooling sources and reduce the mechanical power

4.Application areas

consumption of the air- cooling system,thereby greatly
reduces data center's PUE value.

This technology is applicable for the calcination of
cement clinker and applied to heat exchange and reaction

2.Main technical specifications

engineering of powder.

This technology can achieve a single cabinet cooling capacityof 20 kilowatts. The power saving rate of air conditioning

BAT5-1：Data Center Energy conservation：Data
Room Smart Direct-Cooling Technology
1.Technical principle
The Data Room Smart Direct-Cooling Technology
innovated applies the natural phase change circulatingof data centers using this technology reaches 50%-80%,canreduce the PUE value of data centers to 1.2-1.4.

3.Energy saving effects
Use a data center as an example,with an installedcapacity of 1,000 kilowatts,annual operating time of
8,760 hours,compared with conventional precision air

technology of the refrigerant to the cabinet-level coolingconditioners,this technology saves power of 3.504 millionof the data center,which generates a pressure difference

kWh each year,the power saving rate is 64.5%,which isin the form of temperature difference,drives the natural

equivalent to 2,628 tons of CO2 emissions reduction.

phase change circulate flow of the refrigerant,realizes
no power heat exchange between indoor and outdoor

4.Application areasof data room. At the same time,according to variances

The technology is not limited by conditions such asof refrigerant evaporation capacity,carries our real-climate,atmospheric environment,water resources,etc.,andt i m e m o n i t o r i n g t h r o u g h s e l f - d e v e l o p e d e n e rg yefficiency management software and environmental
maintenance system monitoring software to control thecooling capacity of the circulated refrigerant,realizes

can replace the existing traditional cooling methodsof data centers. It is applicable for the energy-savingtransformation of the data room that is using traditional
air conditioning in data centers.

adaptive cooling capacity adjustment and cabinet-level
temperature distribution control,significantly reduces

BAT5-2： Data Center Energy Conservation：highpower consumption of the air-conditioning in data room.

temperature resistant valve-regulated sealed battery-37-technology for communication
1.Technical principle
High temperature resistant valve-regulated sealed
battery for communication adopts lead-tin-based
multiple alloy technology with independent
intellectual property rights,positive 4BS seeding

discharge cycles.

3.Energy saving effects
Compared with conventional base stations,for thebase stations equipped with high-temperature resistantvalve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries,the annualcomprehensive energy saving rate is above 26%.

technology,unique carbon material additives and other

4.Application areas

technologies,achieves a breakthrough in the applicableThis technology can be widely applied in thetemperature of battery products,which makes thetransformation of base station batteries forbattery normal use temperature increased to 35℃,and

communications,and also can be used in fields such as

can be used at the extreme temperature of 75℃.

solar energy storage and wind energy storage.

Thereby,the air conditioning temperature setting of thebase station for communication is increased by 10°C
compared with that of the conventional base station,and
the air conditioner operating time is reduced,the power
consumption and investment cost of air conditioning
can be reduced.

BAT6:Infrared Radiant Porous Ceramics Energy
Saving Combustion Technology
1.Technical principle
Infrared Radiant Porous Ceramics Energy Saving
Combustion Technology adopts full pre-mixed no-flame

2.Main technical specifications

catalytic combustion technology,precisely controls

The product meets the technical requirements of

the air-fuel ratio,achieves complete combustion and

IEC60896-2004 and YD/T799-2010 "Valve-regulated

improves combustion efficiency. Heat is transferred

sealed lead-acid battery for communication" and YD/

by infrared radiation,it has a high temperature of the

T 2657-2013 "High-temperature valve-regulated

combustion front,and short transfer distance,greatly

sealed lead-acid battery for communication". Under

reduces the physical heat loss during the heat transfer

the working condition of environment temperature ofprocess. The surface of the cooker adopts a high

35℃,the designed floating charge life is ≥10 years.

emissivity infrared coating,so that the infrared emission

the battery can withstand the maximum working

wavelength band of the coating and the infraredcondition of environment temperature of 75℃. underabsorption wavelength band of the heated materials are

the working condition of environment temperature ofmatched as much as possible,which heat absorption

55℃,the life cycle of 80% DOD is greater than 12 big

efficiency is further improved. This technology uses

cycles,and each big cycle contains eleven 80% DOD

ceramics to replace traditional high-energy-consuming-38-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）metal materials such as copper,Fe-Cr-Al alloy and nickel-

Electrolysis Technology designs the cathode assembly

chromium alloy to produce cookers,which can reduceof the ion membrane electrolizer as a flexible

manufacturing energy consumption and save a lot ofstructure,so that the ion membrane is stably attachedmetal materials.

to the anode during the operation of the electrolyzer

2.Main technical specifications
The thermal efficiency is above 70%,the average

to form a membrane gap distance,reduces the ohmic
drop of the solution (IR solution) ,realizes energy
saving and consumption reduction. In the ion-exchange

emissivity of the infrared coating reaches 0.9,and themembrane electrolysis process,the cell voltage is anemission level of CO and NOx is reduced by more

important technical indicator that affects the power

than 30%.

consumption of electrolyzer,includes six parts: V cell

3.Energy saving effects
Compared with the atmospheric type cooker,the averageenergy saving is more than 20%,each household can savevoltage=V0+VM+V Anode +V Cathode+ IR solution+ IR Metal,(IR solution is ohmic drop in the solution).
Among them,V Anode,V Cathode and IR solution havegreater influences on the V cell voltage.

3

48 m of natural gas (equivalent to 64 kg of standard coal)
per year. Due to infrared energy-saving cookers replace

2.Main technical specifications

traditional metal materials with high infrared emissivity

Take NBZ-2.7 cell type of China national Bluestar

porous ceramics,the manufacturing energy consumption(Group) Co.,Ltd. as an example. The design currentof each cooker is reduced by 0.8 kg of standard coal.

d e n s i t y i s 6 . 0 k A / m 2, o p e r a t i n g c u r r e n t d e n s i t y
is 5.5 kA/m 2 ,unit cell voltage is 2.98V,and DC

4.Application areas

power consumption is 2035 kWh per ton of caustic

This technology can be fully promoted in the field of

soda,concentration of caustic soda is 32% (massgas cooker production,which not only helps to reduce

fraction).

the energy consumption in the manufacturing process of
cookers,but also greatly improves the energy utilization
efficiency of gas cookers.

3.Energy saving effects
The cell voltage decreases by about 100 mV,the power
consumption per ton of caustic soda decreases by about
70 kWh,for every 1 mm reduction of electrode gap.

B AT 7 : E ff i c i e n t N e w - t y p e M e m b r a n e g a p I o nCompared with the traditional ion-exchange membrane

Membrane Electrolysis Technology

electrolyzers,the distance between the anode andcathode of each pair of unit cells is 2 to 3 mm,adopts

1.Technical principle

the membrane gap technology can reduce the DC

Efficient New-type Membrane gap Ion Membrane

power consumption per ton of caustic soda by 100-170-39-kWh. At present,the total production capacity of thislower parts' overlap,cooperated with the whole process

technology is 12.15 million tons per year,which saves

auto-control technology,to achieve the ultra-high-power by 1.58 billion kWh,reduces CO2 emissions byefficiency of air compressor.

1.188 million tons per year.

2.Main technical specifications

4.Application areas

The product reaches the level I energy efficiency ofThis technology can be used to renovate existing

GB19153-2009 standard. has 15% of power saving thanequipment,or increase new production capacity aslevel II energy efficiency air compressor. 30% of powerwell.

saving than level III energy efficiency air compressor.

3.Energy saving effects
BAT8：Energy-saving technology of two stage
screw air compressor

Compared with conventional air screw compressors,theaverage energy saving is more than 20%.

1.Technical principle

4.Application areas

The two-stage ultra-high-efficiency screw airThis technology can be widely applied in industries thatcompressor is an integrated technical system that has ause compressed air,such as machinery,steel,metallurgy

main engine of two-stage high-efficiency compression,mining,electronics & electricity,and chemical etc.,also

screw as the core,consisting of the air end,driving

can be used in pneumatic conveying fields in cement

motor,driving system,air intake system,coolingand textiles etc. industries.

system,oil filtering system,oil and gas separation
system,and auto-control system,etc. components. The
two-stage compression high-efficiency screw air end
adopts the Y-type screw rotor profile technology anduses the two-stage compression principle,reduces thecompression ratio of each stage. Through the unique

BAT9：High-efficiency industrial pulverized coal
Boiler
1.Technical principle

inter-stage cooling design,makes the compression

High-efficiency industrial pulverized coal Boiler

process approaching to the isothermal compression

system technology adopts multiple techniques suchprocess with the most energy-saving level. It carries

as precision pulverized powder supply,air stagedout comprehensive innovations to the spray coolingcombustion,and full-process auto-control etc.,realizes

method,the compression ratio distribution at all

efficient operation and clean emissions of coal boilers.

levels,and the oil - gas separation technology,combined

Through the precision powder supply system,real-with the integrated structure design of the upper andtime adjustment of powder feeding,to ensure that-40-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）the pulverized coal fed into the furnace is stable and

BAT10：Heat Pump Energy conservation：Two-matches the oxygen supplying volume. adopts low-

stage heat pump technology

nitrogen combustion technologies such as air stages
combustion,reduces the amount of nitrogen oxides in

1.Technical principle

the furnace while ensuring pulverized coal burn-out

The air source heat pump technology based on therate. through the combustion control system,realizes

two-stage Vapor Enhancement frequency variable

automatic and stable load variation,optimizes excess air

compressor is a technology that greatly improves thecoefficient,improves combustion efficiency,saves energy.

heat pump capacity through the operation of a single-

By using assistant methods such as instant power on orcompressor two-stage compression with Enhanced

off and system frequency variable control to improve the

Vapor Injection and variable displacement ratio. The

overall energy efficiency of the system.

basic principles are: (1) The compression process is

2.Main technical specifications

changed from one-stage compression to two-stagecompression,which reduces the pressure difference

The combustion efficiency reaches more than 98%,boilerof each stage,reduces the internal leakage of theoperating thermal efficiency reaches 88% - 92%.

compression chamber,improves the volume efficiency.

Comprehensive multi-stage combination of pollution(2) The exhaust temperature is reduced by theremoval technology,achieves exhaust smoke consists ofintermediate flashing replenishes vapor,the isentropic

dust ≤30mg/Nm3,SO2≤100mg/Nm3,and NOX≤200mg/Nm3.

efficiency is improved,and the flow rate of the high-

3.Energy saving effects

pressure refrigerant is increased,both of the heating
capacity in the low temperature environment and theCompared with conventional chain boilers,the energy

cooling capacity in the high temperature environment

saving rates of 40t/h (steam boiler) and 58MW (hotare improved. (3) Adopts displacement variable

water boiler) pulverized coal boilers are 18.7% andtechnology,realizes Two two-stage compression

19.8%,respectively.

operation modes with variable displacement and4.Application areas

variable displacement ratio,so as to achieve a greatly
increase of cooling capacity/heating capacity andThis technology has low requirements for coal types,canenergy efficiency improvement under severe working

use class III bituminous coal with a particle size ofconditions and high load,and energy efficiency

200 mesh or less (R75≤15%). It is applicable for theenhancement under light working conditions and low

replacement of traditional chain furnace,grate furnaceload.

and new buildings' heating supply,industrial heating andThis technology broadens the application scope of heatsteam supply systems.

pump air conditioners and air source heat pump water-41-

heaters,greatly improves the heating/cooling capacity

technology saves power 16.3% annually. Compared withand energy efficiency level in the environment of -25℃

conventional heat pump water heaters,the air-source

to 54℃. It can be widely used in high temperature

heat pump water heaters using this technology can saveand low temperature districts for cooling and heating

power 24% annually.

demands.

4.Application areas

2.Main technical specifications

This technology is highly adaptable to outdoor

Compared with conventional air source heat pumpenvironment temperature and can be promoted andtechnology,this technology increases the energy

applied in most of districts. Mainly applied for heat pumpefficiency by 5%-10% under the rated heating (outdoor

air conditioners,multi-connected air conditioners,heat7℃) condition. increases the heating capacity by 50%-pump water heaters (machines),household floor heaters

100% and improves energy efficiency by 5%-20% in theand other equipment in residences,offices,hotels etc.

environment of outdoor -20℃.

places.

3.Energy saving effects
Compared with conventional air conditioners,this-42-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）First Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List
China BP List
Edited by Nan Hu

BP1:Using low-temperature industrial waste heat fora special new vertical absorption heat exchanger to

district heating

reduce the return water temperature of the primary

Utilizing low-grade industrial waste heat from steel plants

network,realizes large temperature difference heating

to provide heating service for civil buildings in urban

supply,improves the waste heat recovery rate and thearea,replacing the original coal boilers,greatly reducing

transmission capacity of the pipe network. Establishingcoal consumption,significantly improving the energy

project companies in terms of the heating network andefficiency of industrial enterprises,and achieving goodheat sources respectively,combines the business modes

environmental and economic benefits,having innovated aof Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) and Public-

new business model. Chifeng HERAN Energy Efficiency

Private Partnership (PPP),has explored an operation

Technical Service Co.,Ltd. utilizes low-grade waste

model named "Integration of network and source",whichheat from a steel plant 10 kilometers away from theis suitable for China's national conditions in the field of

Qianxi,Chifeng,provides heating service for 3.6 million

low-grade waste heat recovery,realizes the transformation2

m of civil buildings in the town,has replaced seven pcs

of operation model and technology for heatingof 40-ton coal boilers. In order to realize the stable andsupply,provides a practical mode that promotes utilizing

efficient operation of the system,the project has developed

industrial low-grade waste heat to urban central heating-43-

projects.

passive energy-saving design in the architectural

According to the project operation status of the firstplan. At the same time,based on the design idea of thephase,the total amount of industrial waste heat is

photovoltaic micro-grid system,in-grid operating ofrecovered 64,000 tons of standard coal annually,reduces

the city power grid,realizes power generation of theCO2 emissions by 168,000 tons,reduces SO2 emissions byphotovoltaic system is consistent with the building

543 tons,reduces NOx emissions by 473 tons,saves waterenergy consumption,achieves the design goal of zeroby 380,000 tons. The energy saving rate is > 85%.

energy consumption. Maximizes the use of clean

Chifeng HERAN Energy Efficiency Technical Service

energies,integrates the design with the building,such

Co.,Ltd. has changed the traditional business model

as roof design and installation of solar photovoltaicof heating supply,uses long-distance industrial low-

power generation systems,ground-source heat pump

grade waste heat for urban heating service,operates the

air-conditioning systems coupled with solar hot waterbusiness model successfully. Its practice has actively

systems,to realize that the utilization of renewable

explored in the field of industrial low-temperatureenergy accounts for 100% of the total building energy

waste heat utilization,has innovated a business model

consumption.

for centralized heating in"The Three Norths'of China

The technology of the renewable energies,such as Air

where have increasingly tight heat sources,high energy

Through Tunnel technology,liquid desiccant fresh air

consumption,and abundant low-grade waste heat

unit,and capillary mat air-conditioning terminal radiation

resources from surrounding industrial enterprises.

system etc.,which is used in the project are all leading

BP2:Zero-energy office building practices

technologies in China.
The building area of the public housing exhibition center

The public housing exhibition center of China-Singapore

project is 3467m2. Compared with the reference building

Tianjin Eco-City integrates clean energy utilization andin the same area and the same model that doesn't adopt

integrated building design,combines the energy demands

various green building energy-saving technology,theof buildings with the city energy system,maximizes theenergy saving rate is 52.6%. The operation saves 257,000

use of clean energy,achieves "zero energy consumption".

kWh (equivalent to 31.7 Tons of standard coal),reduces

Based on the design concept of green building,there

CO 2 emissions by 257.9 tons,SO 2 emissions by 0.7

are multiple schemes of building benchmark model

tons,and NOx emissions by 0.3 tons annually.

established in the design stage,comprehensively

The public housing exhibition center project embodies theconsidering the possible happened complex energy

concept of green building from design,construction,operation,

uses of the building,performing the simulations such as

management and other stages,integrates the applications

sunlight,shading,natural lighting,natural ventilation,andof green building technology. The practice has provided aunderground heat storage,providing the basis forpath mode to promote "zero energy consumption" for new-44-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）buildings in the Northern China.

BP3:.Energy conservation in the refining and chemicalindustries

indicators),identifying energy-saving improvement
opportunities,and implementing them after review. using
advanced process simulation software to carry out thewhole process simulation calculation,analyzing the

Jiangsu Huachang Chemical Co.,Ltd. uses the excellent

existing production process problems,and formulating

performance management model to establish overall

process optimization and technical transformation

strategic objectives and specific methods for energy

schemes. sending employees to participate energy-savinge ff i c i e n c y m a n a g e m e n t , c l a r i f y t h e o rg a n i z a t i o nprofessional training regularly.

structure and responsibilities - authorities,formulate

From 2011 to 2014,the company has a total investment

short-term and mid-term energy conservation plansof 54.2 million RMB in energy conservation andand performance evaluation targets. It combines theenvironmental protection,with the profit rate ofconcepts of benchmarking and process management

22%,return period of 4.5 years. has been awarded withand excellent performance management model as an

the honor of 'Leader' in energy efficiency in China'sorganic integration,continuously improves the company's

petroleum and chemical industry 4 times,achieves theenergy performance through the four steps of Plan,Do

accumulated energy-saving amount of 82,000 tons of

Check,Analysis and improvement.

standard coal,CO2 emissions reduction by 204,000 tons.

The management process of Jiangsu Huachang

Annually reduces SO2 emissions by 121 tons and NOx

Chemical is: Establishing energy-saving working modeemissions by 190 tons.

→ Improving organization structure of energy-saving

Jiangsu Huachang Chemical has combined years ofmanagement → Making short-term and Mid-term energy-

experiences in energy management with "GB/T23331

saving plans → Analyzing and determining key indicators

Energy Management System Requirements",realizes→ Setting benchmarks → Strengthening and improving
information measurement management system →Carrying out expertise cooperation → Organizing energysaving analysis of production facilities → Continuous

systematic and standardized energy management. Thismodel has a good demonstration and reference effect forvarious energy-consuming units and has the practicalvalue.

improvement and promotion. The main methods include
the establishment of a Three-Level energy management

BP4:'Gradual catch-up' Energy Manafement Model insystem in the company,workshops,and lines. setting

Qingdaoannual and monthly energy-saving targets,and adjusting

SINOPEC Qingdao Refining and Chemical Co.,Ltd.

them according to the completion status to continuously'gradual catch-up' energy management model takes the

improve performances. daily monitoring and analyzing

indicators of leading enterprises as the 'gradual catch-to the targets and energy-saving KPI (key performanceup' goals,continuous improves the energy-saving targets-45-through data collection,analysis and comparison,Cascaded

and control at each step of energy utilization. Promote

tracking learning mechanism by learning the advanced

the maximization of energy-saving benefits by leanexperiences and practices to continuously improve energy

energy management. The third is to institutionalize theperformance,to catch up and step over the competitors.

improvement of energy-saving technologies. ThroughThe "gradual catch-up" energy management model can bebenchmarking analysis,continually collect and searchsummarized as: learning best practices and continuously

advanced domestic and international energy-saving

improving metrics. The best practices refer to the mosttechnologies in the same industry,continuously carry out

effective measures and methods adopted by leadingenergy-saving technological transformations base on

companies in energy conservation and consumption

sufficient demonstration and evaluation.

reduction in the same industry. Continuously improving

Qingdao Refining and Chemical Co.,by using themetrics refer to a set of indicator systems that can really"gradual catch-up" energy management model,reduces

and objectively present energy performances at different

the comprehensive energy consumption of refining fromstages and the corresponding benchmark data for 'gradualthe design level of 74 kg standard oil/ton to 57.2 kgcatch-up'.

standard oil/ton in 2014,achieves drop of 23%. Its Energy

U s e t h e " g r a d u a l c a t c h - u p " e n e rg y m a n a g e m e n t

Density Index (EII) that reflects the energy utilization

model,learn from the advanced experiences of domestic

level of the refinery plants takes the leading position inand foreign refining and chemical companies,realize flat

the Sinopec group,is also at the world's leading level instructure of energy management,systematic management

the performance evaluation system of Solomon's global

systems,standardized process control,informaticrefining industry.

monitoring and analysis,and continuous optimization

The "gradual catch-up" energy management model isand improvement. The first is to establish an energy-

continuously learning the effective energy managementsaving and emission-reduction management system inmeasures and methods of leading companies in theaccordance with the requirements of 'gradual catch-same industry,as well as the continuously improving

up'. Refers to the experiences and practices of first-

measurement standards,which has a general referenceclass domestic and international enterprises in theeffect for energy conservation and emission reduction.

same industry,carries out systematic learning andcontinuous improvement. The second is to develop more

B P 5 : Wa t e r C u b e L E D l i g h t i n g p o w e r- s a v i n g

professional and lean energy management and control.

demonstration project

The lean management concept is implemented through

The National Aquatics Center ('Water Cube' for short)the entire process of energy utilization,deploy repeatedproceeds technological innovation and management

calculations,elaborate demonstrations,formulating

model innovation in parallel,directly applies scientificschemes,strengthening implementation for the operation

research results to engineering practice,comprehensively-46-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

implements complex curved surface structure

applied to engineering practice,realizes large-scale

optical modeling technology,Efficient energy-saving

full-color variable-scene LED landscape lighting on

LED lamps and advanced information network

nearly 50,000 m2 of ETFE membrane structure and its

technology,realizes large-scale,full-color,variable-

maintenance system.

scene LED landscape lighting in large public building

T h e Wa t e r C u b e L E D l i g h t i n g p o w e r - s a v i n g

firstly.

demonstration project uses 36,170 sets of LED

Aims to the layout of the architectural membrane

lamps with a total power of 489 kW. Configures withstructure,Water Cube adopts the lighting method of

information network control technology,the actual load"light transmission in cavity",which breaks throughpower is 180 kW. Compared with using T5 fluorescent

the technical problem of the surface brightness

lamps,the power saving rate is 14.7%,achieves annual

uniformity under the curved surface of the special

power saving 1.06 million kWh,reduces CO2 emissions

ETFE air pillow. Uses computer simulation to

by 795 tons.

construct the optical model of complex curved

T h e Wa t e r C u b e L E D l i g h t i n g p o w e r - s a v i n gsurface structure,establish a functional relationshipdemonstration project uses simulation technology

between the surface illuminance and brightness ofthe membrane structure air pillow,maximize theoptimization of the lighting layout under the ETFE
irregular air pillow,provides a new application
method to illuminate the transparent material withthe complex curved surface structure. application
methods. has researched and developed lensmaterials and lamp structures suitable for thecharacteristics of the building structure,realizes theto optimize the design for the special building
structures,overcomes the problems of membrane
structure air pillow lighting and corresponding heatdissipation,comprehensively uses multiple energysaving technologies. This project plays an importantdemonstration role for high-efficiency application ofLEDs used in large-scale public building landscapelighting.

high-efficiency secondary optical design of the LED

BP6:Shendu Building Implements Passive Building

and has solved the heat dissipation problem,formed

Transformation in Shanghai

the high-efficiency LED lighting technology with

The transformation project of Shanghai Xian

independent intellectual property rights. adopts

Dai Shendu Building is a transformation on an

information network technology to control the LED

existing building,which overall plan is based onlighting,realizes remote high-speed synchronous

the characteristics of the original building,realizes

control of Large-scale LED lighting,achieves more

the adaptation of building functions and operation

controllable energy-saving effects. The above-modes,and establishes a comprehensive building

mentioned research and innovation are directly

operation energy-saving management system.

-47-

The transformation project is implemented in the wholemodel during the operation process,which experiences

process of planning,design,construction,operation andcan be promoted to the transformation of multi-

maintenance with green concept. According to thestory public buildings that have clear usage patterns

functional characteristics and operation modes of theand centralized management system of building air

building space,it integrates multiple passive energy-

conditioning,ventilation and lighting.

saving technologies for the envelope structure,applies
efficient air-conditioning,lighting and intelligent control
technologies. In the actual operation process,a set ofanalysis,adjustment and control measures have been

BP7:Promoting "Educational energy conservation"and "Energy conservation education" in Beijing
Jiaotong University

established to control the standby energy consumption of

Beijing Jiaotong University implements energy

air conditioners,the islanding effect of solar photovoltaic

conservation in its education system,uses modern

system,the supplementary water level control of thecommunication and control technology to build arainwater system,the overheating prediction control ofcampus intelligent energy management system,realizes

the solar hot water system and the operation adjustmentt h e o rg a n i c i n t e g r a t i o n o f " e d u c a t i o n a l e n e rg ysystem of public lighting. The building informationconservation" and "energy conservation education".

modeling (BIM) technology is applied to the Facility

B e i j i n g J i a o t o n g U n i v e r s i t y h a s l i s t e d e n e rg y

Management (FM) of the e-estate management,develops

conservation education in its teaching plan,strengthens

an operation and maintenance management portalenergy conservation education and publicity for

platform combined with localized operation andstudents through classroom education,campus

maintenance requirements. Integrates the sub-metering

education,demonstration education,and practicalsystem and the building auto-control system,proceeds

education. Over the past three years,there are more

optimization management.

than 30 energy-saving renovation projects have

The building area of this project is 7,301 m2. It realizes

been implemented,including building envelope

annual power saving 434,000 kWh,equivalent to 130.1

renovations,classroom lighting system,air-conditioning

tons of standard coal,which is less than 50% of theintelligent power-saving system,elevator energy

standard level of energy consumption of the same typefeedback system,and boiler flue gas waste heat recovery.

building. This project reduces CO2 emissions by 281 tons

Energy-saving products and new energy products have

per year.

been widely used to improve energy efficiency level

Shanghai Xian Dai Shendu Building transformationof buildings and operating equipment. It has built an

project fully considers the characteristics of building

intelligent energy management system covers all energyfunctions and operation modes through the wholeconsumption factors of the campus,carries out systemproject process,continuously optimizes the management

integration of energy-saving monitoring platform,heating-48-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）auto-control,3D underground pipe network,classroom

Co.,Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as CIMC) combines

intelligent monitoring,library intelligent power-saving

H A I Y I D A f u l l - t i m e d y n a m i c e n e rg y e ff i c i e n c ycontrol,non-negative pressure water supply intelligent

management and control technology with production

control,intelligent security system ,and automatic repair

processes,establishes a dynamic closed-loop energy

claim platform,etc. systems,realizes online monitoring

management and control system to realize fineand real-time analysis of energy use,forecasting of

m a n a g e m e n t o f e n e rg y - s a v i n g a n d c o n s u m p t i o nenergy consumption trends,optimizing schedulingand management,realizes intelligent energy-saving
management in the university. In 2015,in accordancewith the requirements of GB/T 23331,the university
has accomplished an energy management system
certification.
Since 2011,Beijing Jiaotong University has reduced
its total energy consumption by 1407 tons of standard
coal annually,water saving 43,000 tons,with an averageenergy-saving rate of 8.7% and a water-saving rate of
3.6% under the condition of continuous increasing ofbuilding area and energy-using equipment. Indirectlyreduces SO2 emissions of 23.2 tons,NOx emissions of
22.0 tons,and smoke and dust of 13.5 tons annually.
Beijing Jiaotong University fully plays the role ofeducational institutions with its advantages andcharacteristics,integrates energy conservation into
education process,realizes the visualization andsystematic management and control of energy
consumption. Its energy conservation practice hasreference significance for comprehensive and systematic
improvement of energy conservation work in universities.

BP8:Dynamic closed-loop energy management andcontrol system in CIMC
Shenzhen Southern CIMC Equipment Manufacture

reduction,significantly improves energy efficiency.
CIMC combines the production process and equipment
characteristics,has established a dynamic closed-loop
energy management and control system of "monitoring→efficiency analysis and modeling → model simulation→efficiency management and control",provides aneffective and fine management tool for enterprises
continuous energy-saving and consumption reduction.
The system adopts full-time dynamic energy efficiency
management and control technology to realize realtime collection and storage of all energy parameters
and operating parameters of energy-using facilities in
the plant. a real-time online analysis model of energy
efficiency is established based on process data,torealize real-time management and control of energy
efficiency level and energy consumption process ofenergy-using facilities. a simulation model covering thewhole process of 'monitoring →analysis-management
and control' is established in further,continuously
optimizes energy efficiency model through simulation
verification,assisting enterprises to continuously optimize
the energy management system,formulating energy
management plan,providing supporting data for energysaving transformation,and verifying the effectivenessof energy-saving transformation. Besides of directenergy saving,the system also has functions such as-49-

safety management of energy supply and use,equipment

upgrading and transformation of existing coal-fired

management,malfunction alert and processing,remote

generator units in terms of energy-saving,environment

control etc.,realizes indirect energy saving and efficiency

protection,efficiency improvement,capacity increase

improvement by preventive maintenance of equipment

and heating supply. During the period,the enterprise

Since CIMC adopted full-time dynamic energy efficiency

has played the technical leading role of the post-

management and control technology to establish a

doctoral mobile station at Guohua Electric Power

dynamic closed-loop energy management and control
system,the single-phase manufacturing has achieved apower saving rate of 35.4%. It saves power 19.85 million
kWh and reduces CO2 emissions by approximately 14,900
tons annually.
CIMC has established a dynamic closed-loop energy
management and control system to provide decisionmaking support for company's energy-savingtransformation and energy management. Its concept,design
and management model provide a demonstration casefor improving energy consumption in industries,publicbuildings,rail transit,petroleum and petrochemical,coaland other fields.

Research Institute-level,and brought together thestrengths of the three power groups of Harbin,DEC
Boiler and SAIC group to carry out technicalresearch,forms a unique turbine flow passage
modification and " "Near zero emission" technicalroute,including high-medium pressure cylinder flowenhancement + low pressure cylinder Last Stage Bladeoptimization + nozzle group,regulating stage,highmedium-low pressure rotor,high-medium-low pressure
inner cylinder,diaphragm and diaphragm sleeve upgrade
and transformation + steam Sealing transformation +cold end optimization transformation + generator
and auxiliary equipment efficiency improvement

BP9:Energy saving in a gigawatt-scale coal-fired

transformation + heating supply transformation,etc..

generation unit

and systematically establish and implement Energy-

Shenhua Guohua Power comprehensively utilizes internalsaving technological progressing mechanism,whichand external research capabilities to formulate andcore contents consisting of technical implementation

implement a clean energy development strategic action

routes,management organization,projectplan based on specific turbine flow passage modification

implementation progress,investment planningand "near-zero emission" technical routes,has establishedarrangement,and operational risk control etc.

a long-term mechanism for energy-saving technological

Suizhong Power Plant,Shenhua Guohua Power

progressing.

has No. 2 Russian-made unit,before and after theShenhua Guohua Power implements the "Guohuatransformation of 800 MW at the same valve level,thePower Strategic Action Plan to Promote Clean Energy

coal consumption of power supply decreased by nearly

Development",carries out comprehensive green

40 g/kWh,which saves 328,000 tons of standard coal-50-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）per year and reduces power consumption rate by more

" to design the building shape and layout,creates goodthan 2%. All indicators are better than the requirements

conditions for the building's natural ventilation andof "Coal Power Energy Conservation and Emission

natural lighting. Secondly,integrates the high-performance

Reduction Upgrade and Transformation Action Plan" thatouter envelope structure,external shading facilities,3D

issued by the three ministries and commissions.

greening system,solar shading system,etc. to construct a

The practice of Shenhua Guohua Power provides acomprehensive building insulation system. Thirdly,adopts

practical reference for coal power companies to establish

efficient conditioning system,LED lighting system,energy-

a long-term mechanism for energy-saving technologicalsaving elevators,ecological reclaimed water system,solar

progressing,continuously promote energy-saving

photovoltaic system,seat air supply system,energy-saving

technology progress,and promote energy-conservation andpower distribution system,and optimized operation control

emission-reduction of coal generator unit by gatheringsystem to efficiently utilize active technologies. Throughideas from internal and external Think Tank.

the integrated application of green technology system,IBR

BP10: IBR Green Building Demonstration Project

Building provides a comfortable and healthy officeenvironment for users while efficiently using commercial

Shenzhen Institute of Build Research Co.,Ltd. (IBR)

energy.

Green Building demonstration project is based on the

Compared with the standard of "Shenzhen Office Building

local climate and resource conditions,fully integrated with

Energy Consumption limits",the IBR Building saves

the natural environment,passive technology priority,green

power about 1.04 million kWh (equivalent to 347 tons ofbuilding with a character of "growth".

standard coal),reduces CO2 emissions by 923 tons. The

The IBR Green Building is designed,constructed andtotal investment of the project is 70.55 million RMB,of

operated based on the green design concept of "sharing

which the incremental cost of Green Building is 10.34

and balance",under the premise of fully understanding

million RMB. The ROI (return on investment) is 10.3%

the climate characteristics,resources - environment,social

and the return period is 9.7 years.

culture,and the principle of integration of "Nature-

The IBR Building combines the concept of "sharing andBuilding-People". First of all,according to the distribution

balance" with architectural design and operation,whichof building functions,dominant wind direction andexperience is suitable for projects in hot summer andphysical environment of the site,through digitalwarm winter districts.

analysis,adopts the shape of Chinese charactor "凹-51-

First Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List
Japan BAT List
Edited by Quan Bai

BAT1：High-efficiency Heat Pump

1.Introduction
A heat pump is a system that can transfer heat from a lowtemperature zone to a high-temperature zone,consuming

generated by heat pumps as a form of renewable energy(RE).
As illustrated in Fig. 1,the COP achieved by heat pumps

only a small amount of motive power by means of ahas shown rapid advancements in the past ten years

change in state such as the pressure and temperature of athrough the enforcement of a top-runner system andheating medium (refrigerant).

other measures. This has been achieved by: (1) Use of

A high-efficiency heat pump features a high coefficient of

an inverter,(2) High efficiency of compressor and heat

performance* (COP). Heating can be performed at higher

exchanger,and recently (3) Use of a new refrigerant

efficiency than that achieved by conventional combustion(R32),among various factors.

of fossil fuels. this technology thereby contributes toreducing CO 2 emissions and limiting global warming.

2.Technological Trends of Industrial Heat Pumps

In its Renewable Energy Directive that came into effect(1)Higher Temperature Generated by Industrial Heatin 2009,the European Union recognized heat energy

Pump

-52-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）heat and hot heat is increasing in production processes,air
conditioning,hot water supply,and other applications.
(3)Miniaturization of Heat Pump Equipment (Cooling
Capacity approximately 10 USRt. 30 kW)
Rather than installing equipment with a large
capacity,several compact standard units are installed
in order to minimize the capacity of standby
equipment,thereby achieving high efficiency when the* Values are those of top-runner equipment.
Residential air conditioners are 2.2 kW in capacity.

load is low.

3.Industrial Applications of Heat Pumps

Dimensions are not specified.
Fig.1 Year-on-year changes in COP of turbo
refrigerator,residential air conditioner and
Ecocute*1(1)A large number of industrial heat pumps are installedin the foodstuff industry,and usage is expected toincrease. The utilization temperature of the foodstuff

At present,several manufacturers produce equipment

industry is about -60°C to 120°C,and this temperaturefor hot water supply and heating that can generate

range can be supplied by current heat pump technology.

temperatures of 90°C. Painting and printing businesses
use drying equipment that can generate hot air of 120°C.
As of 2013,the highest temperature achieved by a heatgenerating pump on the market was 165°C (7 MPa).
(2)Increase in Equipment and Cases for Simultaneous Use

Additionally,foodstuff manufacturing lines typicallyhave mixed demands for cold heat and hot heat,allowing
easy utilization of both forms of heat available from heatpumps.
(2)The use of heat pumps is expanding in various dryingof Cooling and Heatingprocesses. In processes such as painting,printing,and

By utilizing both cold energy and hot energy that are

fluidized-bed drying,heat pumps are installed before

generated simultaneously,a heat pump can double

existing equipment for heating and drying,using waste

the level of efficiency achievable when they are usedheat as an energy conservation measure for existing

separately.

drying equipment.

Cold water,chilled water,cold wind and other fluids are(3)In the past,only boilers could supply high-temperature

generated on the cold heat side,while hot wind and steam

steam at temperatures of 120°C or more,for applications

can also be generated on the hot heat side in addition tosuch as sterilization,concentration,drying,and distillation.

hot water and hot wind. The breadth of their possible

However,high-temperature steam in excess of 120°C can

combinations has expanded,and simultaneous use of cold

now be supplied by a heat pump.

-53-

4.Introduction of Heat Pump Technology and Energy(2)Steam-condensation-type vacuum degreasing cleaner:

Conservation Cases in Industrial Applications

IHI Machinery and Furnace Co.,Ltd.

The following cases describe the items to which the heatpump technology and industrial applications apply.
(1)Development and introduction of simultaneous
cooling and heating heat-pump system for production
process: Aisin AW Co.,Ltd.
1) Heat pump technology

2-(2)2) Industrial applications of heat pump

3-(1)

-54-

1)Heat pump technology

2-(2)2) Industrial applications of heat pump3-(2)(3)Heat pump system for high-efficiency steam supply:
Machinery division of Kobe Steel,Ltd.
1) Heat pump technology

2-(1)2) Industrial applications of heat pump3-(3)Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT1-1:The Simultaneous Heating and Cooling Heat Pump System

1.Business Categories Adopting This Technology

6.Principles and Operation

Automotive parts manufacturing

The heat pump is a system that can transfer heat

2.Classification of Technology
Recovery of low-temperature waste heat (used in highefficiency heat pumps)

3.Energy Source
Waste heatfrom a low-temperature zone to a high-temperaturezone consuming only a small amount of power. It
accomplishes this by a change in state (i.e.,pressure andtemperature) of a heating medium (refrigerant).
(1)Development of the Heat Pump System for the
Production Process
The required heating temperature of the cleaning

4.Year of Commercialization

machine is high (50°C–70°C). The cutting machine2012

requires machining accuracy to micrometers and each

5.Overview

cutting machine has a cooler to avoid the effects on
quality caused by expansion or contraction of the work

In automotive parts manufacturing process machining

pieces due to temperature fluctuations. To meet theseline involves cutting and cleaning metals. Cutting

temperature requirements and ensure product quality,amachines use a cooler for the cutting fluid while

new system capable of simultaneous cooling andcleaning machines use steam from a boiler to heat

heating (heat pump) was developed for the production

the cleaning fluid. A new heat-pump system has beenprocess. With this heat pump,it is now possible to heatdeveloped to eliminate the use of steam. The heat pump

the cleaning machine using only heat generated by theuses the heat generated by cutting machines to heat the

cutting machines.

cleaning fluid. This new system has been installed on all(2)One Heat Pump Can Cool Multiple Machines

the lines in the plant.

•Cooling water is circulated in a closed circuit through a-55-heat pump and heat exchanger.

26,030,000 JPY/year•Cooling of several machines is simultaneously(4) Years Needed for Recovery of Investment 3.5 years

controlled using valves operated by electric motors.

See Table 2.

•A heat-pump compressor inverter controls the coolingpower.

10.Market Situations and Conditions(1) Penetration Rate at Present

7.Improvement MadeSee Figure 1&2.

8.Effects of Improvement – Improvement in Energy
Consumption Rate (Option for Improvement ofEnergy Conservation Rate)
See Table1.

Not available(2) Forecast of Penetration in 2017 (or 2020)
Not known

11.Additional Information for Reference(1) Reduction of CO2 Emission
1,094 tons/year(2) Social Impacts and Other Factors

9.Economic Efficiency and Changes

1) Patents and utility models(1) Initial equipment investment cost

•Production line system (Patent application No.

91,000,000 JPY

2010-039003,patent application date February(2) Remodeling cost

2 4 2 0 1 0 ) , Tw o p a t e n t s p e n d i n g ( P a t e n t N o .

(3 )Running costs

2011-213211,Patent No. 2011-213206),Application

32,920,000 JPY/year → 6,890,000 JPY/year →date: 12 September 2011)

Figure 1  

-56-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Figure 2
Table 1 Effect of Newly Developed Energy System

Table 2  Effect of Technology Introduction Cost

2) History of Awards Received

occasion of 'The 14th Heat Storage Conference'•Recipient of special letter of appreciation from the Heat

3) Literature and Other Information

Pump & Thermal Storage Technology Center of Japan on•Monthly 'Energy Conservation' magazine (June-57-2014,pages 31 to 35),special edition on heat pumps.

(Energy Conservation Sector),Collection of Applications'Technology Development News' published by Chubu

Containing Technological Accomplishments,The Energy

Electric Power Co.,Inc. (No. 139,July 2010,pages 7 and 8).

Conservation Center,Japan

12.Bibliography and Reference Information

13.For More Information,Please Contact'Development and Introduction of Simultaneous Cooling

Aisin AW Co.,Ltd.

and Heating Heat Pump System for Production Process,'

General Heat Pump Industry Co.,Ltd.

recipient of 2011 Energy Conservation Grand Prize

Chubu Electric Power Co.,Inc.

-58-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT1-2: Steam-condensation Type Vacuum Degreaser

1.Business Categories Adopting This Technology

the heat-recovery rate four-fold compared with before.

Manufacturer of machined metallic parts

The new degreaser also drastically reduces the running

2.Classification of Technology
High-efficiency heat pumps

3.Energy Source
Waste heat

4.Year of Commercialization
2013

5.Overview

cost,by several million yen (JPY) per year. This isachieved by incorporating the following two newtechnologies: (1) a heat-pump heat-recovery system(energy conservation),and (2) a cryogenic drying
system.

6.Principles and Operation(1) The heat-pump heat-recovery system
This is a heat-energy-reutilization system thatincorporates a heat pump using an alternative

Degreasing to remove lubricating oil,quenching oil,and

fluorocarbon refrigerant. The system recovers nearly

other oil and grease,is necessary for mechanical assembly

100% of the energy needed to regenerate the showerof machined-metal parts. Vacuum degreasers using

liquid. The shower liquid of the vacuum

vacuum-steam condensation with petroleum solvent havedegreasers is regenerated by vacuum distillation of thewidely replaced fluorocarbons and trichloroethane. The

shower liquid mixed with oil. Conventional models

use of these two solvents has been prohibited because

discharge about 27 kW to the outside. This is energy

these substances deplete the ozone layer. However,two

used to regenerate shower liquids outside of the plant

problems related to replacement of these degreasersbuilding,using cooling water of a shower-liquid-

have been the need for a large amount of solvent (morecondensation heat exchanger. Similarly,about 9 kW

than 2500 liters),and the demand for substantial powerof the energy needed for a waste-liquid-concentration

to obtain equivalent cleaning performance. The newunit (vacuum-distillation type),and other equipment,isdegreaser reduces the drying time by 90%,and increases

typically discharged to the outside of the plant building-59-

in cooling water. The new system recovers about 27
kW of shower-liquid-regeneration energy using an

7.Improvement MadeSee Figure 1&2.

alternative fluorocarbon refrigerant in place of coolingwater. This refrigerant is used for heating and evaporation

8.Effects of Improvement - Improvement in Energyof the cleaning liquid in the heat-pump system of a 9

Consumption Rate (Option for Improvement of Energy

kW compressor. Heating output equal to 36 kW by aConservation Rate)conventional system can be obtained with only the 9 kW

'Conditions for Comparison'needed to run a compressor.

(1) Treated material: Weight of treated material per(2) Cryogenic drying systemcharge is 800 kg.

The system dries treated materials on the high-(2) Hours of operation: Annual operation is set at

temperature side by vaporizing on that side any cleaning

7,200 hr.

solvents remaining from the cleaning process. This system(3) Annual amount of treatment: Amount of treatment isalso instantaneously transfers the vapors to the low-

3,000 Charges/year.

temperature condenser.

(4) CO2 emissions: Conversion value to power

Drying is adequately feasible if there is a temperature

consumption is set to 0.555 kg/kWh.

difference of 20°C between the high and low-temperature(5) Electricity charge: JPY15/kWh.

sides,thereby allowing drying of thin aluminum and(6) Cost of petroleum solvent: JPY250/L.

stainless steel sheets. In the past,these have been difficult

Power consumption/Charge：31.1 → 19.7 kWh

to dry due to rapid lowering of their temperature.

-11.4 kWhAfter Improvement

Fig. 1 The heat-pump heat-recovery system-60-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

After Improvement

Fig. 2 Cryogenic drying system

Energy conservation rate: 44.4%

to build a network of operations in China and

See Table 1.

Europe,and to undertake sales activities aimed at

9.Economic Efficiency and Changes
Energy Conservation (Cost of solvent is not included)(1 )Initial equipment investment cost: Not available.
(2) Remodeling cost.
(3) Operation cost:3,990,000 JPY/year → 2,218,000 JPY/
year, Around −1,772,000 JPY/year.
(4)Years Needed for Recovery of Investment:Not available
see Table 2.

increasing sales of EvaCryo degreasers inside andoutside of Japan,to a target of JPY 2,000 million in2015.

11.Additional Information for Reference(1)CO2 emission reduction 168 tons/yr reduced.
(2)Social impacts and other factors.
1)History of Awards Received.
•Recipient of 2013 Excellent Energy Conservation
Equipment Award presented in the name of the

10.Market Situations and Conditions

Minister of Economy,Trade and Industry sponsoredIn the future,IHI Machinery and Furnace Co. plansby the Japan Machinery Federation.

-61-

Table 1 Comparison of energy conservation performance

Table 2 Comparison of economic efficiency

12.Bibliography and Reference Information
Japan Machinery Federation2013 Excellent Energy Conservation Equipment
Award[Award in the name of the Minister of Economy,Tradeand Industry]-62-

13. For More Information,Please Contact:
IHI Machinery and Furnace Co.,Ltd.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT1-3: Heat Pump System for High-efficiency Steam Supply

1.Business Categories Adopting This Technology
Biofuel manufacturers

mounted heat pump and is capable of supplying steam of
120°C,and Model SGH165 has an additionally mounted
steam compressor onto the heat pump and can supply

2.Classification of Technology
Recovery of low-temperature waste heat (uses a highefficiency heat pump)steam at a maximum temperature of 175°C.

6.Principles and Operation
Up until the present day,heat pumps could provide high

3.Energy Source

temperatures of more than 100°C but could supply

Waste heat

either high-temperature water and steam simultaneously

4.Year of Commercializationor only hot air. Kobe Steel has now developed thefollowing technologies to supply only saturated steam at a

February 2013

temperature in excess of 120°C.

5.Overview

For developing this technology,the design of gaps

Spurred by the requirements of energy conservationin face of global warming,there has been a demand
for a highly efficient technology that produces hightemperature steam in excess of 120°C by way of a heatpump. Until now,high-temperature steam in excess of
120°C could only be supplied by boilers that use steam

and openings in various parts ofthe compressor werefirst reexamined,taking thermal deformation at a hightemperature into consideration. A method used todirectly atomize a refrigerant liquid into the motor (tocool the motor) was also adopted to prevent the motor
overheating even when the compressor is operating

in processes such as sterilization,condensation,drying

under a high suction temperature. This achieved both,and distillation. However,a heat pump system (Steamcompressor reliability,and the maintenance of compressor

Grow Heat Pump) for providing steam supply with highperformance.

efficiency at temperatures in excess of 120°C has now

A high-efficiency operation was then achieved by using

been developed. In this respect,Model SGH120 has aa different screw compressor in accordance with the-63-compression ratio. For instance,a dual-stage compressor
is used in Model SGH120 and a single-stage compressor
is used in Model SGH165.

7.Improvements MadeSee Figure 1&2.

Third,R245fa,which is a type of hydrofluorocarbon

8.Effects of Improvement - Improvement in Energy(HFC),was used as a refrigerant for the heat pumpConsumption Rate (Option for Improvement of Energy

unit. It is also a low-pressure refrigerant with a highConservation Rate)critical temperature (154.0°C),and can be used as a

See Figure 3&4.

base refrigerant. The selection of an optimal refrigerant
component ratio using R134a (critical temperature

9.Economic Efficiency and Associated Changes(1)Initial equipment investment cost:

101.1°C) was then achieved at a high efficiency.
Through the development of the foregoing technologies,therated performance of SGH120 has been enhanced to a
supply an amount of steam equivalent to 0.51 t/h and
COP3.5,and SGH165 to deliver an amount of 0.84t/h and
COP2.5. By recovering heat from the following areas:

Data currently unavailable(2)Remodeling cost:(3)Running costs:95,000,000 JPY/year → 42,000,000
JPY/year, Approximately 50,000,000 JPY/year.
(4)Number of years required to recover investment：
Data currently unavailable.

the cooling water of the water-cooled chiller,the hightemperature waste water from the production process,and

10.Market Condition

the unutilized heat-source water inside the plant,steam can(1)Penetration rate at present: Data not currently available.

therefore now be supplied at a high efficiency.

(2)Forecast of penetration in 2017 (and 2020):

Before Improvement

Figure 1-64-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

After Improvement

Figure 2 Image of system incorporating Steam Grow Heat Pump
Data currently unavailable.

11.Additional Relevant Information(1)CO2 emission reduction: 1,290 tons/year.
(2)Social impacts and other factors.

1)Literature:•Monthly publication of Energy Conservation (June2014),pp 42–45,(special edition for heat pumps).

12.Bibliography and Reference Information'Heat Pump System for Supply of Steam at High
Efficiency and Examples of System Installations,'
Monthly publication Energy Conservation,Vol. 66,No.
6,June 2014,pp 42–45,The Energy Conservation
Center,Japan.

13.For More Information,Please Contact:
Fig. 3 Comparison of annual running costs

The Machinery Division of Kobe Steel,Ltd.

Fig. 4 Comparison of CO2 emissions-65-

BAT2: High Efficiency Boilers

1. Introduction

as follows:

Industrial steam boilers can be categorized as: (a) thosea.Optimizing air ratio.

that directly supply heat to users,and (b) those thatb.Reducing heat lost via exhaust gas.

generate power by rotating a turbine,from which thec.Reinforcing heat insulation (adiabatic insulation).

exhaust gas is used as a heat source for factories. This

d.Preventing heat loss caused by intermittent boiler

article describes boilers that do not generate power.

operation.
e.Recovery of steam drain.

See table 1.

f.Improving FDF/IDF (forced draft fan/induced draft fan)

(1) Boiler Classification
In general accordance with the Industrial Safety and
Health Law of Japan,boilers are classified as: simplified
boilers,small boilers,and boilers.

efficiency under partial load.
g.Preventing losses from steam trap and blow water.

2. Technical Trends of Once-through Boilers
Among steam boilers operating in Japan for generalindustrial purposes excluding power.
generation,it is estimated that about 65% of the steam
requirement is supplied by once-through boilers,while
about 20% and 15% are supplied by flue and smoke tube
boilers and water tube boilers respectively. In recent
years,newly manufactured boilers are predominantly ofFig. 1the once-through type. The features and technical trends(2) Energy Conservation Measures of Boilers.

of once-through boilers are summarized in the following.

The general energy conservation options for boilers are

See Figure 2.

-66-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Table 1

*1) Some steam boilers are classified by drum dimensions.
*2) Once-through boilers classified as simplified boilers and small boilers have internal header diameter <= 150mm.
*3) A dimensional limit is placed on the steam separator of once-through boilers of small-scale boilers or smaller*4) The Industrial Safety and Health Law of Japan classifies water-tube boilers that have a steam separator and that
subsequently return hot water to a heating tube as once-through boilers in cases where the total amount of water at the inletof the heating tube is not greater than twice the maximum volume of feed water.

The use of an economizer (waste heat recovery
equipment) has increased boiler efficiency from .
approximately 70% to as much as 95%–96%. Boilers
with efficiency greater than 100% (on the basis of lower
heating value) are also available,by installing economizers
to recover latent heat from water vapor in exhaust gas.
(3) Improved Combustion Burner
Burners have been developed that respond better toFig. 2fluctuations in load,such as a low-NOx burner.
burners with a high turn-down ratio. those designed for(1) Increased Evaporation

combustion at a low air ratio. and those with a turn-down

The evaporation achieved by small once-through boilers

ratio of 6:10 from low and high combustion loads.

was initially around 350 kg/h,but some .

(4) Improved Control of Boiler Operation and Optimalmodels presently manufactured in Japan can achieve

Number of Boilers

evaporation of 2 t/h to 2.5 t/h.

Remote monitoring and control (control of the number(2) Higher Boiler Efficiency

of boilers for efficient operation in low-load zone) has-67-

improved operational efficiency.

(2)System comprising multiple compact once-through(5) Energy Conservation through use of Inverter withboilers,combined with optimal-efficiency monitoring

Exhaust Fan(Miura Co.,Ltd.)

3. Introduction of Energy Conservation Cases with
High-efficiency Once-through Boiler
The following cases show the application of energy
conservation technologies previously listed in section 2.
(1) Once-through boiler featuring wide combustion
zone with burner for fully-premixed surface-stabilized
combustion and condensing (Hirakawa Corporation)
Energy conservation technology 1-(2)-a,b,c-68-

Energy conservation technology1-(2)-a,b,c,d,e(3)Compact,gas-fired once-through boiler with jet-film
combustion,featuring low air ratio(Nippon Thermoener
Co.,Ltd. and Takuma Co.,Ltd.)
Energy conservation technology1-(2)-a,b,c

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT2-1: Once-through Boiler Featuring Wide Combustion Range
with Burner for Fully-premixed Surface-stabilized Combustion andCondensing

1.Business Categories Adopting this Technology

Using this type of burner enables stable combustion acrossGeneralthe entire burner surface,via which the once-through boiler

2.Classification of Technology
High-efficiency boiler

3.Energy Source

can modulate burner output and control combustion over awide range up to a low firing area(turn-down ratio 10:1).

6.Principles and Operation(1) Wide Combustion Range

City gas

Conventional once-through systems meet the heat demand

4.Year of Commercialization

by operating multiple boilers that use three-stage control

2011

5.Overview
This is a once-through boiler featuring low NOx emissions andhigh efficiency,incorporating the FPSCC technology (fullypremixed surface-stabilized combustion and condensing).
Fuel gas and combustion air are fully premixed before feeding
to the burner,achieving surface-stabilized combustion andcondensing,which forms short,stabilized flames uniformly

after ignition,namely: high firing,low firing,and stop.
The combustion control widths (turn-down ratios) ofconventional boilers are about 3:1,in some cases requiring
frequent starts and stops when the heat demand is low. Postpurging and pre-purging are performed to release both
unburned gases and high-temperature air from within the
boilers,resulting in start- and stop-losses due to cooling of
the boiler and lowering of the efficiency.
In order to optimize the burner devices and peripheral
equipment,the boiler features modulating combustion control

across a relatively large flame-forming surface of theat a wide turn-down ratio of 10:1,allowing continuous

burner,and for 'recovery of latent heat.'

combustion down to 10% of the rated capacity. Compared-69-

with conventional once-through boilers,the newly-developed
boiler reduces start–stop heat losses,resulting in improved
boiler efficiency.

less than 25 ppm across the entire combustion range.

7.Improvements to Boiler Structure
See Figure 1.

(2) High Efficiency
The boiler structure features an enlarged heating surface thatmaximizes absorption of heat input,and its waste-heat recovery
unit is equipped with a feed-water preheater (economizer)that can recover even latent heat. Additionally,a good match isattained between the boiler itself and the burners,to maintainstable efficiency across the entire combustion range describedin (1),thereby achieving a high boiler efficiency of more than
102% (on the basis of lower heating value) over the entire
combustion range.

8.Effects of Improvement on Energy Consumption
Rate (Option for improvement in energy conservation
Rate)
See Table 1.

9.Economic Efficiency and Changes(1) Initial investment cost

Not available(2) Remodeling cost

Not available(3) Operational costs

9,088,000 JPY/year →(3) Low NOx Emissions

24,744,000 JPY/year

Featuring metal fibers that have a sufficiently large surface
area,the fully-premixed surface-stabilized combustion and-4,344,000 JPY/year(4) Investment recovery (years)

Not available

condensing burner achieves uniform lean combustion of premixed
air and fuel gas with short flames so as to control the locallygenerated high-temperature parts that create thermal NOx in the
flames,thereby reducing NOx emissions (O2 = 0% conversion) to

10.Market Conditions and Conditions(1) Present market penetration rate
Not available

After Improvement

Figule 1 Boiler Structure-70-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）(2) Forecast market penetration in 2017 (or 2020)
Not available

12.Bibliography and Reference Information(1)'2011 Excellent Energy Conservation Equipment,' Monthly

11.Additional Information for Reference(1) CO2 emission reduction 130 t/year(2) Social impacts and other factors
1) History of awards received•2011 Excellent Energy Conservation Equipment Award,onbehalf of the president of the Japan Machinery Federation
2) Literature

publication: 'Energy Conservation,' Vol. 64,No. 5,May
2012,page 60,The Energy Conservation Center,Japan(2) Information from Hirakawa Corporation

13.For More Information,Please Contact:
Mr. Hiroshi Matsumoto,Director,Planning Office,Management
Division,Hirakawa Corporation
Telephone: +81-6-6458-8687•Monthly publication: 'Energy Conservation,' May

email: h_matumoto@hirakawag.co.jp

2012,page 60.
Table 1 Comparative Economic Efficiencies of Conventional and Newly Developed Boilers* The operating conditions are based on a 30% load factor and boiler operating 24 hours per
day,350 days per year.

-71-

BAT2-2: Multiple Installation (MI) System of Small Once-throughBoilers with Optimal-efficiency Operation Function

1. Business Categories Adopting This Technology

boilers preferentially perform combustion at the 'Eco-

GeneralOperation point.'A system efficiency of 100% has been

2. Classification of Technology
High-efficiency boiler

3. Energy Source

achieved in the case where even latent heat in exhaust gases
has been recovered.

6. Principles and Operation(1) Development of New Combustion Control System 'High

City gas, LPG

Speed Multi-Position Step Control'

4. Year of Commercialization

The efficiency of a boiler varies with its operating conditions(boiler load factor,feed-water temperature,and steam

2010

5. Overview
According to the result of a load analysis made by Miura
Co.,Ltd,the average load factor of steam systems is about
20% to 50%. However,the new SQ boiler series drastically
improves the system efficiency in this load region. The
efficiencies of boilers vary with operating conditions,andboilers have a combustion point known as the 'Eco-Operationpressure),and boilers have a combustion point at which theefficiency shows the highest values in accordance with theoperating conditions. Miura Co.,Ltd. named the combustion
point at which the efficiency becomes the highest,the 'EcoOperation point,' and have developed 'High-speed multiposition control' technology that features a combustion output
tailored to the eco-operation point.
Expanding the turn-down ratio to 1:5,combustion outputs
of 0%–20%–45%–100% have been achieved. The rated

Point,' at which the efficiency shows the highest values in

efficiency (boiler load factor 100%,steam pressure 0.49

accordance with the operating conditions. In relation toMPa,feed water temperature 15°C,and an air supply

this,boiler system efficiency significantly improves whent e m p e r a t u r e o f 3 5 ° C ) h a s a t t a i n e d a n e ff i c i e n c y o f-72-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

98%,thereby delivering an improvement of 2% compared withconventional models manufactured by Miura Co.,Ltd.

7. Improvements Made
Before Improvement(2) Development of New MI Control System(1) Development of New Combustion Control System

Miura Co.,Ltd. has developed a new system to control
the number of boilers (patented),known as the 'MI control
system,'which maximizes the eco-operation point effect.
The new system controls the number of boilers in order tomaximize how many boilers are operating at the eco-operation
point,resulting in the drastic increase of system efficiency.
An increase in the number of boilers combusting at the eco-(2) Development of New Economizer
See Figure 1.
After Improvements(1) New combustion control system(2) Development of new MI control system(3) Economizer of new type
See Figure 2&3.

operation point reduces power consumption through theinverters (which are installed as a standard specification).

8. Effects of Improvement - Improvement in Energy(3) Development of New Economizer

Consumption Rate (Option for Improvement in Energy

A new economizer (of the down-flow type) that enhances theConservation Rate)latent-heat recovery effect has been developed.

See Table 1.

Figure 1-73-

9. Economic Efficiency and Changes(2) Social impacts and other factors
1) History of Awards Received(1) Initial investment cost: 40 million to 50 million JPY• Recipient of the 2010 Excellent Energy Conservation(2) Remodeling cost:

Equipment Award(3) Running costs: (5 units)
Fuel:-8,254,000 JPY/year

Electricity:-579,000 JPY/year

Total for 5 units:-8,833,000 JPY/year( Japan Machinery Federation):awarded by the president of theJapan Machinery Federation.
2) Literature(4) Number of Years Required to Recover Investment:
Approximately 5 years

10. Market Situations and Conditions(1) Penetration rate at present:
46% (actual rate achieved in 2013)(2) Forecast of penetration in 2017 (or 2020):
Data not currently available• Monthly publication of 'Energy Conservation,' (April2011),pp. 70–71.

12. Sites Adopting This Technology
Nara Plant of Taihei Food Co.,Ltd.
Change from a flue and smoke tube boiler to 7 units of SQ3000AS + BP-201ST(1) Higher boiler efficiency: 84.8% → 96.5%(2) CO2 reduction: 37% reduction

11. Additional Information for Reference(3) Labor-saving: Daily management is outsourced to(1) CO2 emission reduction: 304 tons/yr (for 5 units)

maintenance servicing of Miura Co.,Ltd. (program ZMP-SL)

Figure 2-74-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Figure 3

Table 1 Calculation of an Example of Fuel Costs and CO2 Emissions for a Steam System with a
Total Capacity of 15 t/hCalculation Conditions: System load factor 20%,fuel city gas 13A (JPY65/m3N,2.29kg-CO2/
m3N)Electricity Charge: JPY 15/kWh,0.339kg-CO2/kWh-75-

(4) Saving of floor space: Approximately 50% space saved bychanging the flue and smoke tube boiler to a small once-throughboiler.

13. Bibliography and Reference Information'2010 Excellent Energy Conservation Equipment,' Monthly
publication 'Energy Conservation',Vol. 63 No. 4,April 2011,pp
70–71,The Energy Conservation Center,Japan.

-76-

14. For More Information,Please Contact:
The Maintenance Service Sales Promotion Department Miura
Co.,Ltd.
7 Horiecho,Matsuyama,Ehime Prefecture 790-2696 Japan
Telephone +81-89-979-7000.
Fax +81-89-978-2321
http://www.miura.co.jp

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT2-3: Small Gas Fired Once-through Boiler

1.Business Categories Adopting This Technology
Generalto simultaneously control CO and NOx. The new boiler
redefines performance expectations for both high-efficiency
combustion and low environmental load at an ultra-low air

2.Classification of Technology

ratio of 1.17 (O2 concentration in exhaust gas = 3%),which

High-efficiency boiler

could not be achieved by the conventional technology.

3.Energy Source

6.Principles and Operation

City gas

A unique jet-film combustion technology has been developed

4.Year of Commercialization
January 2009

to simultaneously control CO (complete combustion) andNOx (control of high-temperature combustion) while theburner and combustion chamber have been optimized

5.Overview

tosimultaneously accomplish low CO and NOx emissions.

Using conventional technology simultaneous control of CO

Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate the cross-sections of the burner andand NOx at a low air ratio has been difficult in compact once-

combustion chamber,respectively.

through boilers with a large thermal load to the combustion
chamber. Air ratios of about 1.3 (exhaust gas O 2: 4.9%)
have been the limit. In general,the heat transfer area of theeconomizer has been increased to achieve a high efficiency.

7.Improvement Made
Sweep filter dust and to form a flow at high speed and the
upstream side of the burner into the combustion chamber,toAiming to achieve both high efficiency and low power

form a self-recirculating gas flow. this is mixed with thin-consumption through combustion at a low air ratio,the newfilm flames thereby controlling the flame temperature andtype of small,gas-fired boiler uses a once-through design

thermal NOx emission.

with a unique,independently developed jet-film burner

High-speed jetting accelerates the mixing of fuel gas and-77-

air,allowing control of CO even at low air ratio.

8.Effects of Energy Consumption Rate (Option for
Improvement of Energy Conservation Rate)
By changing the air ratio (which was previously limited to 1.3)
for combustion to an ultra-low ratio of 1.17 (O2 concentrationin exhaust gas = 3.0%),the rated boiler efficiency has been
improved from 96% in the past to 98%. Additionally,by

improving the turn-down ratio,the efficiency at low load andsignificantly improved by 20% at a 20% load.
The power consumption of the blower has been reduced
by between 22% and 45% by operating at low air ratio andinstalling an inverter with the blower.
Refer to Figure 3,4 & table 1.
High-efficiency operation is feasible with this boiler throughfour-stage control of combustion under the following
conditions: stop (0% load),low combustion (20% load),medium
combustion (50% load),and high combustion (100% load).
Compared with boilers of the conventional type (three-position
control at 0,50,and 100% loads),operational efficiency isdramatically increased,especially within the low load region of
20%–50%.
By installing multiple units of this boiler,and by controllingthe number of boilers in combustion,large capacities can be

Fig. 3Fig. 1 Cross section of burner

Fig. 2 Cross section of combustion chamber-78-

Table 1 Comparison of efficiency between
conventional and new boilers

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）(2) Remodeling cost: Not available(3) Operating costs

Fuel-420,000 JPY/year

Electricity -110,000 JPY/year
Total(4)Repayment period-530,000 JPY/year

0 yearSee Table 2.

10.Market Situations and Conditions
Fig. 4 Comparison of power consumption between
conventional and new boilers(1) Current market penetration rate for new boiler type:
Total number of boilers shipped (from 2009 to first half of2014) = 350 units.

achieved. In this operational mode,settings are established to

A: Annual shipment of new boiler type = 85 boilers/year (2011increase the number of boilers operating at low-to-medium

to 2013 average) .

load,because operation within this load range gives high boiler

B: Annual shipments of small,once-through boilers = 4,000

efficiency and low power. ow power consumption .

boilers/year (2011 to 2013 average).

See Figure 5.

C: Markey penetration ratio of new boiler type = A/B = 2%

9.Economic Efficiency and Changes(2)Forecast total shipments of new boiler type to 2017 = 800(1)Initial investment cost: Not available (Cost is lower thanconventional boilers)units.
Forecast annual shipments of new boiler type = 135 units/year

Fig.5 Example of number of units in combustion in 4-position multi-stage operation inpressure control consumption.

-79-

Table 2 Comparative operating costs of conventional and new models(penetration rate 3%).

•'Industrial Machinery,' No. 698 (Nov. 2008,page 15)

Forecast total shipments of new boiler type to 2020 = 1,300•'Environment and Energy,' (April–May 2010,page 47)

units.

•'Boiler Research,' No. 361 (June 2010,page 16)

Forecast of annual quantity of this boiler shipped = 180 units/•Monthly publication 'Energy Conservation,'N(April

year (penetration rate 5%).

2011,page 74)•'Industrial Machinery,' No. 733 (Oct. 2011,page 19)11.Additional Information for Reference•Journal of Combustion Society of Japan,Vol. 54,No. 167 (Feb.

(1)CO2 emission reduction

2012,page 6)

20 t/year (heat output = 1,250 kW)•'Industrial Machinery,' No. 746 (Nov. 2012,page 44)(2) Social impacts and other factors.
1) History of Awards Received•Recipient of 2010 Excellent Energy Conservation Equipment
Award (on behalf of the president of the Japan Machinery
Federation).
•2011 Excellent Technology Award (Combustion Society ofJapan).
•2011 Excellent Environmental System Award (on behalf of

12.Sites Adopting This Technology
Sales networks deployed in Thailand and Japan

13.Bibliography and Reference Information'2010 Excellent Energy Conservation Equipment,' Monthly
publication 'Energy Conservation,' Vol. 63,No. 4,April
2011,pages 74 and 75,The Energy Conservation Center,Japanthe president of the Japan Society of Industrial Machinery

14.For More Information,Please Contact:

Manufacturers).

Nippon Thermoener Co.,Ltd. and Takuma Co.,Ltd.

2) Literature-80-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT3: Cogeneration System

1.Business Categories Adopting This Technology
N/A

2.Classification of Technology• The engine is completely developed by in-house
technology and manufactured in the mother factory inJapan. Therefore,the engine can flexibly meet various
customer requirements. The engine has better power-to-

N/Aweight ratio and excels in transportability and installability.

3.Energy Source

Refer to table 1.

Natural gas

6.Principles and Operation

4.Year of Commercialization• The engine is ignited by the spark ignition method using

December 2007

5.Overview• The power generation efficiency of standard type engines(KG series) is 48.5%. The power generation efficiency of thehigh-efficiency type (KG-V series) is 49.0% (LHV-base).
• NOx emissions are low at 200 ppm or less (converted at
O2 = 0%) and environmental performance is high.
• The continuous operation range is wide,ranging from 30%
to 100% load. The engine uses the spark ignition method anddoes not require a liquid pilot fuel. The output range is 5 to 7.8
MW2 and covers varied output requirements.
• Power generation can be started within three minutes after

a spark plug. The pre- and main-combustion chambers are
independent in supplying gas,and optimum gas injection isachieved by a high-speed solenoid valve.
• The structure of the combustion chamber is designedwith high anti-knocking performance. Ignition timing andgas amounts for each cylinder are individually controlled
by the Knocking Analyzer and the Main Control Unit
in order to maintain the performance of the engine at a
maximum.
• In the KG-V series,suction pressure is controlled bya variable nozzle system,instead of the conventional
bypass system,in order to achieve high efficiency througheffective utilization of exhaust energy.
• Cogeneration system is applied using waste heatstarting the engine. The rated output can be reached withinenergy,making energy conservation feasible.

ten minutes.

See Figure1&2-81-

Table 1

7.Improvements MadeSee Figure 3&4

8.Effects of Improvement —Improvement in Energy
Consumption Rate (Option for Improvement ofEnergy Conservation Rate)
See Figure 5&6.

9.Economic Efficiency and Changes
Assuming a gas charge of 50JPY/Nm 3 to 70 JPY/Nm3 forprojects in Japan (cogeneration system,power generation +Figure1

steam supply)• Economical merit in installing cogeneration system: 3.8JPY/
kWh to 6.9 JPY/kWh• Payback period: 3 to 6 y.

10.Market Situations and Conditions(1)Penetration rate at present: Record of engines delivered asof September 30,2014:• Japan: The market share of Green Gas Engines in the largegas engine market of Japan is nearly 100%.
• Outside Japan: Green Gas Engines have been delivered toSingapore,India,and the United States(2) Forecast of penetration in 2020: 300 engines as acumulative total.

-82-

Figure2Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Before Improvement

Power generation + Steam + Hot water: 77.1%
Power generation + Hot water: 81.2%
Power generation + Cold water: 74.7%(2)Social Impacts
Green Gas Engines have been put into operation at the Kobe
Works of the Kawasaki Heavy Industries since January 2010.
The engines were initially used for research,development,anddemonstration purposes. The engines contributed to cutting
the peaks in power demand loads as on-site power generationequipment. Thus,they contributed to the prevention of
Figure3

rotating blackouts within the service areas of the Kansai
Electric Power Co.

After Improvement

12.Sites Adopting This Technology
A power plant has been installed on the premises of the Kobe
Works of the Kawasaki Heavy Industries.

13.Bibliography and Reference Information
JASE-World,Collection of Technologies Used at International
Sites (F-22)

Figure411.Additional Information for Reference(1)CO2 Emission Reduction
The overall efficiency varies in accordance with the waste-heatrecovery applications. The specifics of the efficiency are as
follows:-83-

14.For More Information,Please Contact
Energy Solution Division,Gas Turbine & Machinery
Company,Kawasaki Heavy Industries,Ltd.
Telephone: +81-3-3435-2211,Fax: +81-3-3435-2022
http:///www.khi.co.jp/

Figure 5

Figure 6-84-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT4: High-performance Industrial Furnace (Regenerative Burner)

1.Business Categories Adopting This Technology
Iron and steel,nonferrous metals

2.Classification of Technology
Waste heat recovery (medium to high temperature)

based on this technology also realizes a drastic reduction inthermal NOx generation.

6.Principles and Operation(1)The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by
combustion in one unit of a pair of regenerative burners is

3.Energy Source

passed into the regenerator of the other idling regenerative

Fuel gas

burner,heating the latter regenerator. After transferring heat

4.Year of Commercialization
1992

5.Overview
The technology is applied to industrial furnaces andother heating facilities. The system consists of a pairof regenerative burners. Each regenerative burner unit
comprises a burner portion and a regenerator made of heatresistant ceramic. The two burners are fired alternately. As
one burner is fired,the other idling unit recovers sensible
heat from the firing regenerator’s high-temperature exhaustgas,which preheats the combustion air in the idling unit to ahigh temperature,thereby achieving a significant reduction
in fuel gas consumption when the idling unit is switched toto the regenerator,the lower-temperature exhaust gas isdischarged to the flue. (See Fig. 1)(2)Next,the burner of the idling unit begins combustion
with high-temperature combustion air that was highly
preheated by passing through the heated regenerator. At thesame time,the other regenerative burner stops burning fueland is switched to idling mode to heat its own regenerator
by recovering sensible heat from the firing unit’s exhaustgas passing through its regenerator. (See Fig. 2)
Thus,as described above,combustion with high-temperature
preheated air and the recovery of sensible heat fromexhaust gas to preheat the combustion air are performed
alternately by each unit.
(3)Preheating the combustion air drastically reduces fuelconsumption. Moreover,this high-temperature combustion

the combustion mode.

with an improved burner design creates burning conditions

In addition,the high-temperature combustion technologythat mitigate a thermally intensified combustion spot,which-85-

results in lowering the maximum flame temperature and hence(soaking zone).

reducing thermal NOx generation.

Heat is recovered by each unit of a pair of burners so that heat canbe recovered by selecting a desired heating zone. (See Fig. 4）

7.Improvement Made

8.Effects of Improvement - Improvement in Energy

Before Improvement
In the case of a conventional steel reheating furnace forConsumption Rate (Option for Improvement of Energy

steel slabs etc.,the combustion exhaust gas is discharged

Conservation Rate)from the charging side of the furnace and passes through a

The improvement effect varies greatly depending on the type

metal recuperator. After preheating the combustion air in theand size of the furnace. According to data collected at therecuperator,the exhaust gas is discharged through a stack.

integrated steelworks of JFE Steel Corporation,after installing

Due to the conditions of the metallic recuperator,including

the regenerative burners on steel reheating furnaces,fuelthe thermal constraints of its materials,the temperature of theconsumption was reduced by 9 to 56% and the annual total

preheated air is limited to several hundred °C (See Fig. 3).

amount of energy saved was 29 to 294 TJ.

After Improvement

See table1.

The ceramic regenerator of the regenerative burner drasticallyincreases the upper temperature limit of the preheating air

9.Economic Efficiency and Changes

relative to a metal recuperator,allowing combustion air to be

Published data or information on monetary amounts is notpreheated to over 1,000°C in the high-temperature heating zone

available.

Figure 1-86-

Figure 2

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Furnace #3 of Hot Strip Mill #1,Fukuyama Steel Works),theinitial investment level is estimated to be approx. 600 million
JPY,whereas the annual energy conservation advantage isestimated to be approx. 150 million JPY based on the typicalenergy price level at the time when the regenerative burners
were installed.
(3) Running costs:
As shown in Table 1,specific reductions in fuel amounts oroperating costs achieved through the installation of regenerative
burners vary greatly in accordance with the type and size of the
facilities. The running costs include the cost of electric power todrive switch-over valves and other devices.
(4) Maintenance costs:
Figure 3(1)+(2) Equipment investment cost and modification cost:
Published information is not available. However,these costs
vary greatly depending on the equipment type and the size andscope of modification. They are estimated to typically range
from approximately 10 million JPY to several hundred million
JPY. In the case of Item No. 1 shown in Table 1 (Reheating

The increased maintenance costs compared with conventional
burners include the repair costs of switch-over valves and theregenerators. However,the total maintenance cost is normallyless than 3% of an investment amount.
(5)Payback years:
Available information indicates that compared to conventional
burners,the cost difference of constructing a new reheating
furnace equipped with regenerative burners can normally berecovered within approx. three years.
Energy prices such as the price of natural gas are increasing,andthe potential for introducing/disseminating regenerative burners
is high in India and other developing countries where steel mills
are expected to be newly constructed or expanded.

10.Market Situations and Conditions(1)Current dissemination rate
•In Japan,the new regenerative burners are installed in almost
all reheating furnaces that are in continuous operation.
• In countries outside of Japan,Europe,and the USA,regenerative
Figure 4burners are not installed in most heating facilities for iron- and-87-

Table 1 Summary of Effects

steel-making and nonferrous industries.

process,including the process to re-melt aluminum ingots and(2) Forecast of dissemination after 2017:

recycled scrap.

• It is expected that this technology will be welldisseminated because more manufacturers in the ferrous

11.Additional Information for Reference

and non-ferrous industries could utilize regenerative(1) Reduction of CO2 Emissions

burners if information on best practices could be collected

Depending on the energy balance and operation (energy

and disseminated through this program. In particular,themixture) of steel mills,the reduction of CO2 emissions will bepotential to disseminate the ladle heater will be high

55 tons/TJ in case of a reduction in consumption of purchased

because the investment required is relatively small and thefuel (natural gas) through a reduction in fuel consumption

modification is easy.

through energy conservation.

• The strong ability of this technology to drastically(2) Social Impact

reduce thermal NOx makes the potential for dissemination

This technology reduces the consumption of fossil fuels

higher,especially in developing countries where regulations

through higher efficiency alone and is extremely effective

on pollution control are expected to become stricter in theboth in stable energy supply and in reducing the emission

future.

of greenhouse gases. Additionally,the technology is also

•Introduction and dissemination of the regenerative burners

effective in improving atmospheric environmental quality

is also possible in nonferrous industries such as processing

through reducing the generation of thermal NOx in exhaust

and manufacturing plants that feature an ingot melting

gases.

-88-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

12.Sites Adopting This Technology
Integrated steel works and the other steel mills in Japan
including the Fukuyama and Keihin Steel Works of JFE SteelCorporation

13.Bibliography and Reference Information(1)NKK Technical Journal No. 178 (August 2002) 'Eco-friendly
Regenerative Burner Heating System Technology Application

giho/178/06.html)(2)'Regenerative Burner,' Nippon Furnace Co.,Ltd.

14.For More Information,Please Contact
JFE Steel Corporation
Nippon Furnace Co.,Ltd.
Chugai Ro Co.,Ltd.
Japan Industrial Furnace Manufacturers Association

and Its Future View' (http://www.jfe-steel.co.jp/archives/nkk_-89-

BAT5: High Efficiency Inverters

1.Progress of inverter energy savings
In recent years,measures have been introduced for the

inverter will allow the rotational speed of the motor to vary.
The inverter converts the commercial power supply to a direct

prevention of global warming and depletion of energy

current (DC) (converter),followed by a return to an AC ofresources,such as the Energy Conservation Law. As avariable frequency (inverter). The frequency and the voltage

result,energy use is under careful consideration in various

can be changed arbitrarily (Figure 1).

fields. With the development of global environmental

The rotational speed of the motor is proportional to thepreservation and the growing interest in cost reduction throughenergy savings,the demand for saving energy through the useof inverter drives is increasing. Consequently,the technology
associated with energy saving inverters has also progressedfrequency. By varying the frequency and voltage applied
to the motor by the inverter,the motor can be operated atvariable speeds.
The load torque of fans and pumps is proportional to theevery year.

square of their speed (air flow),and the output is proportional

2.Energy savings from inverters

to the cube of their rotational speed (air volume). Therefore,if

Power supplied from energy providers generally has ana machine with a variable load torque is controlled withalternating current (AC) with fixed frequency and voltage.

an inverter,significant energy savings can be expected

Therefore,when motors are driven by a commercial power

in comparison with the commercial operation (dampersupply,the rotational speed is fixed. However,the use of ancontrol*2) (Figure 2).

Fig. 1: Outline of an Inverter Configuration-90-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Fig. 2: Outputs with variable torque3.Energy-saving technology of inverters
Modern inverters are equipped with energy saving technologies.
(1)Driving high-efficiency motors
As a recent highly effective method of energy saving,theInterior Permanent Magnet (IPM) motor has deterred attention
away from induction motors. The IPM motor is a synchronous
motor with embedded permanent magnets in the rotor. Induction
motors apply a current to the rotor conductor in order to obtain(2) High-efficiency control of induction motors
A suitable efficiency control scheme has also been devised forthe induction motor. Typically,V/F control is a constant ratio of
the output frequency and the output voltage to the motor. By
utilizing high-efficiency control to improve motor efficiency,it
can be increased by more than 10%.
(3) Standby power reduction
By using DC24V externally,it is possible to only operate thea rotational force (torque). This generates a magnetic flux,whichleads to a loss in the rotor (secondary copper loss). Because theIPM motors contain magnets,loss current does not flow in therotor and secondary copper loss does not occur. The efficiency
is improved compared with the induction motor.
IPM motors that are driven by a general-purpose inverter
simplify inventory management through product integration.
It is possible to change only the motor to an IPM motor at thetime of motor renewal,and consequently,achieve further energy
saving benefits.

Fig. 3: Efficiency comparison-91-control circuit. While maintaining the parameter settings orcommunication,it is possible to turn off the main power supply
to the circuit. This makes it is possible to reduce standby power.
Additionally,the operation of the cooling fan is controlledaccording to the temperature of the cooling fin of the inverter.
This allows a reduction in the standby power by decreasing
unnecessary fan operation.

-92-

4. Application examples
In the following examples,the energy-saving effects of theinverter are shown:(1)Cooling water pump(2)Air conditioning for buildings

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT6: Application Expansion of High Efficiency Lighting

1.Evolution of LED Lighting Technology

fluorescent lamps so that they can be used as general purpose

The emergence of LEDs has extended the interest in lighting

lighting and base lighting,such as fluorescent lamps. Thus,theto a wide range of fields including design engineers involved

debut of LEDs has further spurred the development of new

in architectural facility design,architectural designers,lighting

lighting design techniques such as variance in color of light

consultants,organizations promoting energy conservation,andand enhancement of color rendering properties. Overviewing

general consumers. The trend even involves engineers in

the changes of LED products in lighting in architecturalindustries not directly related to lighting,and people across a

facilities,the luminaire efficiency has already reached thewide range of business sectors,including light-applied sectors.

level of high-frequency fluorescent lamps.

1.1 LED Features with regard to Lighting Application

Incandescent lamps cannot exceed approximately15 lm/W

Features that cannot be found with other light sources,such as

and are being replaced by fluorescent and LED lighting. Theenergy efficiency,long life,small size,and compactness.

luminous efficiency of general fluorescent lamps had beenleveling-off until high-frequency inverter fluorescent lamps
were introduced,after which efficiency started to increaseagain. The efficiency of high-pressure sodium vapor lamps
has saturated at a high level. When white LED lamps weredeveloped in the second half of the 1990s,their efficiency wasless than that of incandescent lamps. However,efficiency has
increased significantly each year since the technology wascommercialized.

1.2 Evolution of Technology

Refer to the figure on the next page.

An LED chip is a directional point light source,and was

1.3 Toward Market Penetration of LED Lighting

originally suitable for use in spot-lighting and down-lighting.

High expectations are placed on the future of LED lighting.

LED lamp manufacturers have repeatedly launched productsTechnological development of LED lighting is advancing

with unique light dispersion characteristics,in order to provide

toward market penetration and expansion by incrementally

luminosity with similar intensity of distribution to that ofresolving the following challenges.

-93-follows:• Power consumption: low loss of ballast (inverter ballast)• Lighting duration: sensor control and timer control• Area: optimal control of lighting for each area
• Lamp luminous flux: use of high-efficiency lamps• Utilization factor: luminaire of high efficiency and highinterior reflectance• Maintenance factor: lamps with high luminous flux retention•Comparison of service lives of conventional lightrate. cleaning and maintenance of luminaires and lamps

sources and LED lamps

Additionally,wide-ranging technologies are currently being

LED lamps have long service life of up to 40,000
hours,compared with 12,000 hours for high-frequency
fluorescent lamps and high-intensity discharge lamps.
• Enhanced luminosity efficiency of various lightsources(1) Higher energy efficiency(2) Better quality of light(3) Higher color-rendering properties(4) Control of dispersion characteristics(5) Cost reduction per luminous flux(6) Quality

developed,including: higher efficiency,larger luminous
flux,more products for each color temperature,higher color
rendering index,better luminous intensity distribution
characteristics,development of light-color control anddimming functions,and improved light-color and colorrendering properties for each application.
The following two examples are taken from theaforementioned examples,to demonstrate recent developments
in energy conservation.
(1) Hitachi Appliances,Ltd.
Promotion of improvement of LED lamps and ceiling

2.LED Lighting and Energy Conservation

lighting,aimed at achieving both larger luminous flux

The crucial matter for energy conservation in lighting is aand higher efficiency by improvement of heat radiation

reduction in power consumption during lighting. Delamping

performance.

and lowering of illuminance levels are hardly primary(2)Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp.

methods of energy conservation. The energy consumption

Development of technologies for LED lamps compatible withof a lighting system is obtained by multiplying the power ofincandescent bulb dimmers to achieve smooth and stable

the luminaire by the number of luminaires by the lighting

control for full-range dimming.

duration. Therefore,the points for energy conservation are as-94-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT6-1: High-efficiency LED Lighting

1.Business Categories Adopting This Technology
Lighting equipment

awarded the 2013 Energy Conservation Grand Prize for its
creation of residential LED ceiling lights and LED light bulbs.
These ceiling lights and light bulbs have a high output of

2.Classification of Technology

light and high efficiency,through a structural design featuring

High-efficiency lighting

compactness and high-heat radiation efficiency,and an optical

3.Energy Source
Electricity

4.Year of Commercialization
2014

5.Overview

design to improve the luminous intensity distribution withminimal loss.
Additionally,the performance of LED ceiling lights and lightbulbs are significantly enhanced through the continuous
development of core technologies,and Hitachi Appliances has
expanded the application of its high-efficiency LED lighting
technology to LED lamps (E39 cap) for commercial facilities.

The proportion of energy consumed for lighting purposes

Hitachi Appliances is accelerating the commercialization

is high,comprising approximately 13% in ordinaryof high-efficiency LED lighting products as itscontribution

households,and approximately 21% in office buildings.

to energy conservation in a variety of locations,without

There is an increasing demand for LED lighting with a highsacrificing brightness.

output of light and high efficiency,as an alternative source oflight. As the LED temperature and heat emission increases,its

6.Principles and Operation

luminous efficacy decreases. One of the major challenges

With LED lighting,Hitachi Appliances is continuallyassociated with LED lighting is to achieve both a high output

developing a common core technology that dispersesof light and high efficiency at the same time. In recognition ofand efficiently radiates heat emitted by LED modules to

its efforts to address this challenge,Hitachi Appliances Ltd. wasachieve both a high output of light and high efficiency at-95-

the same time. By fully employing structural design expertisemodules are mounted,is increased in order to enhance theand material utilization technology to enhance heat transfer

heat radiation performance of the board,and to disperse theperformance,optical design technology to minimize opticalheat of the LED modules. By increasing the contactarea

losses while ensuring a luminous intensity distribution,and awith the aluminum heat sink,heat is effectively transmitted

design process using high-accuracy thermal analysis and opticalto a heat sink of a new design featuring a large surface

simulation,the design of high-efficiency LED lighting products

area,thereby providing high heat radiation performance.

can be optimized within a short time period. The developmental(3)Technology for High Output of Light and Highpower of these technologies allows the creation of products with

Efficiency for LED Lamps in Commercial Facilities (E39excellent performance in the wide-ranging field of LED lighting.

cap)Specific examples of these technologies are described below:

An optimal shape for the heat radiation fin has been

(1)Technology for High Output of Light and High Efficiency

developed through repeated simulations using an original

for LED Ceiling Lights

heat-conduction analysis method to radiate heat. This heat1) Dispersed arrangement of LED modules to lower temperatureis generated by emitting a large quantity of light,in excess

increases Many high-efficiency LED modules are mountedof 20,000 lumens,using a compact heat sink that can bealmost uniformly on a largecircuit board to disperse the heat

mounted on existing luminaires. High efficiency is achieved

generated by the emission of a large quantity of light.

through a unique concept involving the arrangement of2) Optics technology to distribute lighting with minimal losses

LED modules aligned to individual radiation fins.

Each LED module has a specially designed dome-shaped lensthat efficiently distributes the light emitted by the LED module

7.Improvement Madewith minimal reflection loss. Therefore,the entire surface of

Before Improvement

the LED Ceiling Light can emit light uniformly and clearly.

LED ceiling lights for 13 m2 (LEC-AHS810B) to 30 m2

This results in excellent light distribution and contributes to an(LEC-AHS1810BC) LED light bulbs of compact bulb typeincrease in brightness throughout the room.

(LDA6L-H-E17/S) to general bulb type (LDA17L-G)

3) Automatic dimming control with illuminance sensors for

After Improvement

additional energy conservation

Hitachi Appliances has developed the following

The Eco-illuminance Sensor detects room brightness,andtechnologies for high-efficiency LED lighting aimed at

automatically adjusts the brightness of the room to a preset

achieving both a high output of light and high efficiency.

level. The sensor automatically reduces light output to minimize

The LED ceiling lights optimize the number of LED

surplus power consumption when the room brightness is highmodules for each room area class,and feature a dispersed

due to natural light,or other light sources.

placement of the LED modules. The lightsincorporate a(2)Technology for High Output of Light and High Efficiency of

dome-shaped lens that effectively distributes light withLED Light Bulbs.

minimal optical loss. See Figure 1.

The size of the circuit board for the light source,on which LED

The LED light bulbs have LED modules mounted-96-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）dispersively on a large circuit board to disperse heat generation.

highest efficiency the highest compared to all other products in

The bulbs also have a newly developed compact and fin-shaped

this class.

body with a large surface area to effectively radiate heat.

See Table 3.

LED lamps used for commercial facilities have a large aluminum(3)LED Lamps for Commercial Facilities (E39 Base)circuit board,featuring a structure that directly transmits heat

A comparison of the luminaire efficiency (lm/W) of products

to a body with a large surface area,achieving a high-efficiency

from major manufacturers in each class is shown in theperformance paired with a high light output of 21,500 lm.

following table. The efficiency of LED lamps from Hitachi

8.Effects of Improvement - Improvement in the Energy
Consumption Rate (Option for the Improvement of the

Appliances is the highest out of all three classes.
See Table 4.

Energy Conservation Rate)

9.Economic Efficiency and Changes(1) LED Ceiling Lights(1) Market Potential

A comparison of the total luminous flux (lm) and luminaire

According to statistical data compiled by the Japan Lighting

efficiency (lm/W) of products from major manufacturers for

Manufacturers Association,the number of LED ceiling lights

each room area class is shown in the following table. The

shipped to the Japanese market amounts to about 17 million

LED ceiling lights of Hitachi Appliances feature the highest

as of April 2014. As LED ceiling lights could be installed inilluminance and the highest energy conservation performance.

multiple rooms in 50 million households in Japan,the market is

See Table 2.

anticipated to expand further in the future. Based on statistics(2) LED Light Bulbs

of light bulb shipments compiled by the Japan Lighting

A comparison of the luminaire efficiency (lm/W) of products

Manufacturers Association,Hitachi Appliances estimates thatfrom major manufacturers for each brightness level is shown

the present penetration rate of LED light bulbs is about 28%,and

in the following table. The LED light bulbs by Hitachithat this percentage will increase further. The debut of LED

Appliances,including those under development,show thelamps with the E39 cap will accelerate the replacement ofTable 1◎ denotes technology developed in 2014 FY-97-

Table 2

fluorescent and incandescent lamps in the LED lamp market

room,kitchen,and three rooms,while assuming that fourfor commercial facilities. The LED product lineups featuring aceiling lights and five light bulbs are lit 2,000 hours perhigh,top-class output and a high efficiency in various productyear. The trial calculations for factory lighting are based ongroups are considered to be predominant in the market.

30 metal halide lamps of 400-W class,lit 3,000 hours per(2) Economic Efficiency

year while assuming a medium-sized area of 640 m2 as an

Calculations of the annual reduction in electricity charges inexample. The calculations show that approximately 19,000

the case of replacement of conventional light sources with

JPY (69%) is saved per year for a residential house,and

LED lighting are shown below. The table does not include

approximately 480,000 JPY (61%) for a factory,indicating

luminaire purchasing and installation costs. The calculations

that LED lighting can offer high economic efficiency inare based on a standard household with a living room,dining

various facilities and living spaces.

Table 3-98-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Table 4

Note: The preconditions for the calculations of reductions in•Applications for patents plannedelectricity charges are 27 JPY/kWh for residential houses,and(2) History of Awards Received

21 JPY/kWh for industrial facilities.

N/A

See Table 5&6.

12.Sites Adopting

10.Market Situations and Conditions LED Ceiling Lights

This Technology Throughout Japan

LED Ceiling Lights(1) Penetration at present: Approximately 17 million lights (as13.Bibliography and Reference Information
N/Aof April 2014)(2) Forecast of penetration in 2017 (or 2020): Not available
LED Light Bulbs

14.For More Information,Please Contact:
Hitachi Appliances,Ltd.

(1) Penetration at present: Approximately 28%(2) Forecast of penetration in 2017 (or 2020): Not available

11.Additional Information for Reference(1)Patents and Utility Models
Table 5

Table 6-99-

BAT6-2: Premium Dimming Technology

1.Business Categories Adopting This Technology
Lighting equipment

need to pay additional costs to replace current dimmers withthe ones being newly developed. However,Toshiba Lighting& Technology Corp. has developed its own technologies

2.Classification of Technology
High-efficiency lighting

3.Energy Source
Electricity

4.Year of Commercialization2014

and commercialized LED lamps that can be used withconventional dimmers. This technology ensures a minimal
flickering of the light,and the bulbs can be dimmed in
the range of 0 to 100%,which is the same range as that ofincandescent lamps. The company further aims to expand
the use of LED lamps with the use of this newly developed
technology.

5.Overview

6.Principles and Operation

LED lamps have been widely accepted for use in recent

Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp. organized projectyears in relation to their high-efficiency performance andteams to address various technical challenges,enabling along life. Nevertheless,it is evident that the public is notdevelopmental policy for each elemental technology. The

entirely satisfied with the dimming application of LED

technical challenges were then overcome through cooperation

lights,which causes light flickering and difficulties using

between relevant departments.

the dimming function at a low level of lighting. These(1)Premium Dimming Control Programcommon problems are obstructing widespread change from

Conventional dimmers were designed to dim incandescentuse of incandescent lamps to LED lamps. Although somelamps,and problems such as flickering or extinguishing of the

LED lamp manufacturers are developing new dimming

light occur if a general LED lamp is used with a conventional

technologies and dimmers,users of existing dimmers will

dimmer. This is because the electrical characteristics of LED-100-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）lamps are different from those of an incandescent lamp and thecapacity such as a hair dryer,vacuum cleaner,or induction

dimmer cannot therefore function effectively.

heating equipment is used,or by distortion of the voltage

The LED lamp introduced here can be controlled without the

waveform caused when a dimmer of other system is used.

occurrence of light flicker,even when used with a conventional

Smooth dimming is possible from full lighting to extinction,and

dimmer. This is achieved through the unique digital processing

fluctuations of light output can be controlled even near theof a built-in microcomputer. The principal functions of thelower limit of dimming. Furthermore,when combined with thebuilt-in microcomputer are as follows:

dedicated dimmer for LED lamps manufactured by Toshiba

1)To determine the type of dimmer and to optimally control theLighting & Technology,the buzzing sound generated by the

LED lamp accordingly.

dimmer can be mitigated.

2)To monitor the waveform of the dimmer and to estimate its

See Figure1.

output.

(2) Optical Design and Structural Design3)To inform the lighting circuit of the current used in the LED.

LED lighting products require a combination of optical and4)To suppress any light output fluctuations,even when thethermal designs. In the optical design,thermal conditions aredimmer operation is unstable or when the power supply voltage

taken into consideration when selecting LED elements and theirfluctuates.

physical placement. The function of heat radiation provided by

Such installed functions enable LED lamps to be used with

the LED elements is delivered by the lamp’s housing,and thevarious types of dimmers. The microcomputer can suppress

design structure that retains the form of an incandescent bulb

light flicker near the lower limit of dimming,which is caused

has been sought in simulations. Such designs have enabled LED

by drops in voltage when an electric home appliance of a large

lamps to be mounted in closed apparatus,where it has not been

Figure 1-101-8.Effects of Improvement - Improvement in Energy

possible to install conventional LED lamps.

7.Improvements Made
Before Improvement
Model No. LW100V54W55
Incandescent lamp manufactured by Toshiba Lighting &Technology in 2010
After Improvements
Figure2 Full View and Package:LED LAMP-General Bulb Type

Model No. LDA8L-G-K/D/50W
LED lamp manufactured by Toshiba Lighting & Technology(Color: Warm white,Equivalent to 50W incandescent lamp)

Consumption Rate (Option for Improvement ofModel No. LDA8N-G-K/D/60W

Energy Conservation Rate)

LED lamp manufactured by Toshiba Lighting & Technology

A comparison of the energy consumption of LED lamps with

(Color: Neutral white,Equivalent to 60W incandescent lamp)that of incandescent lamps is shown below,demonstrating

Specifications:that power consumption can be reduced by 85%.

See Table 1.

Additionally,further energy conservation can be expected by

Principal Features:using the dimming function.

(1)To be used with conventional dimmers for incandescent

See Table 2.

lamps (phase-control dimmer of 2 wire type) with PREMIUM
Dimming Technology

9.Economic Efficiency and Changes(2)Energy saving of 85% in comparison with that of an(1)Market Potential

incandescent lamp

By suppressing the light flicker caused by drops in voltage(3)Wide light distribution angle of 180 degrees

when an electric home appliance of a large capacity such as(4)Compatible with enclosed fixturesa hair dryer,vacuum cleaner,or induction heating equipment(5)Long service life of 40,000 hours

is used,or by distortion of the voltage waveform caused when

Full View and Package:a dimmer in another system is operated,the newly developed

Refer to Figure 2.

LED lamps can now be used in markets such as hotels andTable 1 Specifications-102-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Table 2theaters (which were not previously able to adopt LED

of rated life,a total of approximately JPY 50,300 would havelamps). The total market is conservatively estimated atbeen saved in electricitycosts. As illustrated below,the total

about 15 million lamps. (Lamps with the dimming function

expenses will equal that of one incandescent lamp when thewith an E26 base represent about 10% of total E26-base

LED lamp is used for about 4,200 hours,which is equal tolamps in Japan. Source: Toshiba Lighting & Technology

approximately one year if the LED lamp is lit for ten hours

Corp.)

per day.

(2)Economic Efficiency

Refer to Figure 3.

Compared with incandescent lamps,the newly developed

10.Market situations and Conditions Market volume

LED lamps can reduce the energy consumption currently(Estimated)

used by approximately 85%. By the end of 40,000 hours(1)2014:Approx. 15 million lamps

Figure 3-103-

(2)2017 (or 2020) : Data not currently available

11.Additional Information for Reference(1)Patent Applications and Patents Acquired under Developmentof This Technology• Patent registration: 23 registrations (Applications filed)• Trademark registration: 1 registration (Already registered)'E-CORE'(2)Status of External Evaluation such as Citations• None-104-(3)Release of Information to Academic Societies and Press• Press release made on February 26,2014 (for the general
purpose electric lamp type)

12.Bibliography and Reference Information
N/A.

13.For More Information,Please Contact :The Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）First Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List
Japan BP List
Edited by Quan Bai

BP1:Development and Introduction of Human/Environmentally
Friendly Equipment with a Focus on Minimizing Power Consumption

1. Practice Overview

2.Schematic Diagram

CO2 emissions of labor-intensive assembly plants.

See Figure 1 and 2.

(2011–2012 for overseas plants; 2013 for Japaneseplants)(1) Downsize the volume of plants ▲30%- ▲50%
Reduction in light (LED) and air conditioning energy(while minimizing the line length and hanging of theequipment).
(2) Introduce thorough energy saving equipment▲40%- ▲56%
Achieved by Karakuri (gimmick)/Oki-Pon/
Motionless/usage of renewable materials.

3.Energy Saving(1)Downsize the volume of plants(a) Overseas plants; (b) Japanese plants
CO2 emissions: (a) ▲30% (2000–2011)(b) ▲50% (2000–2013)
Crude oil equivalent: (a) approx. 11.000 kL equivalent(b) approx. 11.000 kL equivalent(2) Introduce thorough energy saving equipment
CO2 emissions: (a) ▲1% (2000–2011)(b) ▲14% (2000–2013)-105-

Crude oil equivalent: (a) approx. 1.000 kL equivalent(b) approx. 280 kL equivalent

4.Innovation Originality

with reinforcements when tryouts were not successful,ultimately leading to an increase in weight. In-stead,simple/smart measures were taken, such as making thestructure of the breakable portion flexible.

For the introduction of thorough energy saving equipment, a Simple Smart Compact for Assembly Innovation

5.Transferability Replicability(SSCI) team was formed with the aim of developing

Equipment development that focused on minimizing

equip-ment that can be "created/fixed/changed on site.”

power began in 2009, and the introduction of the

The de-velopment proceeded with the aim that difficultcompleted equipment has been implemented in new plants

operations are to be thoroughly improved as we, thesince 2010.

production engi-neers, create and use the products. We

Of the main equipment, 137 have been developed andhad reduced the load and instances of operation on the

70% has so far been completed. For the remainder ofbasis of manual opera-tions, without power usage. Then,the equipment, and with the creation of innovative

the equipment specifica-tions were made to automateengineering, we are responsible for more than 70

only the parts required for the reduction of man-hours

assembly lines around the world. In order to incorporate

with minimal power. The equipment rigidity was notthem promptly into the current lines and to see the effect,achieved by targeting the minimum required strength,"SSCI Size Expansion" is in progress with the cooperation-106-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）of each assembly plant/equipment manufacturer.

8.Co-Benefits

6.Sustainability Continuity

Patents, Awards, Publication:

Implementing our own equipment development, havingenergetic people and members from overseas (sowing),
and promoting continuous KAIZEN for energy saving in
the future. When assigned to an overseas branch, work as
a core power for worldwide development (reaping).

7.Cost Effectiveness- Cost Effectiveness: ▲30% (compared with the rate of
the latest domestic plants).
- Payback Period: 7 y -5.5 y (▲20%)(1) Application of patent/utility model, 21 cases(2) Awards, six cases *1(3) Newspapers publications, three cases *2(4) Conference presentations nine cases *3(5) Contribution to literature two cases *4(*1. Minister Prize of Economic, Trade and Industry/
Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers etc.; *2. YomiuriShimbun/Nikkei Monozukuri; *3. Japan Society ofPrecision Engineering/Robotic Society of Japan/Energy
Conservation Grand Prize etc.; *4. Robotic Society of Japan/Energy Conservation Grand Prize etc.)-107-BP2: New Painting Technology that Simultaneously Reduces
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and CO2 Emissions

1.Details of casetechnologies that improve paint film smoothness on

Mazda has been continuously achieving processexterior panels and color matching on internal panels.

innovations to solve the conflicting demands of

2.Diagrams and other illustrations

environmental protection, paint quality, and economic
efficiency. At present, Mazda has developed the "Aquatech Paint System," which a new painting technology thathas been practically implemented in mass production. It
consists of the following innovations:(1) High-function waterborne basecoat and 2K clear-coat
paint that integrates the functions of primer coating into
top coating.
(2) Energy-saving air-conditioning system for the spraybooth that controls water evaporation from waterborne
basecoat with minimal energy during spray application.
(3) High-efficient flash-off system, that evaporates
water from wet paint film with minimal energy, after

Refer to Figure 1.

3.Energy conservation performance- High-function waterborne basecoat and 2K clear-coat
paints: 2,000 t/y reductions in CO2 emissions from primer
booth, compared with the 3 Wet-on Paint System, as aresult of process shortening.
- Energy-saving air-conditioning system: a 34% reduction
in CO 2 emissions when compared with conventionalbooth air conditioning for waterborne painting.
- High-efficient flash-off system: a 17% reduction in CO2emissions when compared with conventional flash-off forwaterborne painting.

waterborne basecoat application but before the 2K clearcoat application

4.Advanced nature and originality(4) Space-saving cartridge system, which is compact and- Aqua-tech Paint System is further developed withminimizes paint loss during color change.

process integration and high-efficient technologies based(5) Pipe cleaning technology, which utilizes solvent-borneon the 3 Wet-on Paint System.

paint pipes for waterborne paint.

- Paints: Adoption of waterborne, instead of solvent-(6) Design of paint film structure and application

borne, basecoats. Integration of primer functions through-108-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）the de-velopment of high-function basecoats and clearcoats.

6.Continuity and sustainability
The following activities are under consideration with the- Facilities: Minimization of process length and resource
consumption, through technology development that maximizes equipment functions for essential mechanisms,
such as water evaporation.

relevant departments in the company:- Implementation of the Aqua-tech Paint System in otherdomestic and overseas plants.
- Development of the next new painting technology.

5.Versatility and expandability- World-leading VOC and CO2 emission amounts- Basic paint quality is equal or superior. In addition,
paint appearance (gloss and smoothness) is improved.
- Economic efficiency: Vehicle production cost ofprimer and topcoat was reduced by approximately 18%,

7.Investment efficiency
By minimization facility modifications while maximizing
existing facility utilization, the introduction into an
existing plant (Ujina No.1 Plant) was realized withapproximately one tenth of the investment that would havebeen required for a new waterborne paint plant.

compared to conventional solvent-borne paint systems.
- Smooth introduction into existing plants: Conversion

8.Secondary results

was conducted without plant shutdown, through the

Patents, awards and presentations:development of paint and process technologies that

(1) Japanese patents: 19; patents outside Japan: 21.

assume simultaneous production of solvent-borne and(2) Awards: not applicable.

waterborne paint systems.

(3) Newspaper articles: eight articles (Asahi Shimbun,- This technology can be applied to all other painting

Yomiuri Shimbun, Nikkei, etc.).

indus-tries as a new-generation painting technology that

(4) Academic lectures: three lectures (The Society of Auto-can achieve environmental protection without sacrificing

motive Engineers of Japan, etc.).

eco-nomic efficiency.

(5) Documents and other sources: three articles (Journal of
the Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan; Mazda
Technical Review).

Figure 1-109-BP3: Energy Conservation and Peak Power Containment Promoted
by Everybody in the Factory

1.Details of casesystem with conversion of exhaust-heat to electricity.

As the Panasonic Yamagata Factory expanded the produc-

2.Diagramstion of lenses as the base for the optical business of the

See Figure 1.

company, drastic increase of CO2 emission was predicted(production of lenses and CO2 emissions in 2012 were

3.Energy conservation performanceex-pected to be 137% and 157%,respectively, of those in

Peak electric power2009). As the mission of Yamagata Factory was to expand

2010:5,800kW

the business while preserving environment, the CO2 Emis-

2011:4,600kW [21% reduction]

sion-Reduction 3-Year Plan was formulated based on
FY2009 actual results. The aim was a final reduction ofemissions by 50%.
Yamagata factory started a CO 2 emissions-reduction
project not only to implement energy conservation, butalso to im-prove production processes and create energy.
To achieve these goals, the following objectives weredetailed:(1) Promotion of visualization: analysis and minimizationof energy intensity.

CO2 emissions
2010: 15,423 t
2011: 12,865 t[17% reduction][Breakdown of activities]- Energy conservation of vapor depositors: developmentof general types, development of standard films—
productivity was improved 1.5 times.
- Development of energy-saving lens forming machines—
electricity consumption was reduced by 25%.

(2) Improvement of production process: conservation of

4.Advanced nature and originality

energy during vapor deposition, development of ener-gy--Energy creation: development and introduction of asaving, lens-forming machines.

power generation system for converting exhaust-heat to(3) Containment of peak power: prevention of increaseelectricity.

in the air-conditioning load, improvement of factory air,prevention of increase in lighting, among others.

5.Versatility and expandability(4) Energy creation: development of a power generation- Visualization of energy consumption-110-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）- Containment of air conditioning load

visualize project achievements and issues, continue- Improvement of factory air

cost-reduction activities and sustain improvement were

- Containment of lighting load

promoted by organizing them in a 3-year plan.

- Introduction of summertime improvement of OA
equipment
The nature of the peak-power containment activities isgeneral, so they can be implemented horizontally for otherbusiness types.

7.Investment efficiency
Unknown

8.Secondary results- Patents, awards and presentations

6.Continuity and sus-tainability- Nothing more, in particular

The steps to reduce CO2, reduce energy-consumption,

Figure 1-111-

BP4: Low Exergy Utilization System across Multiple Sites

1.Details of casevapor from the distillation column in Fuji oil Co.

"Low Exergy Utilization System across Multiple

2.Diagrams

Sites” (hereinafter referred to as 'this project') was
developed, installed and initially operated in 2005,
which intended to share and utilize low-grade heat
(low exergy) in a cascading manner at Fuji Oil Co.
and Sumitomo Chemical Co. up to further lower
temperature beyond a conventional utilization limit.
This project consists of the following three sub-Photo 1 Overview of low exergy utilization system
across multiple sites
Fig. 1

Energy sharing system across multiple sites

Fig. 2Integrated energy monitoring system

Fig. 3Low heat power generation system

3.Energy Conservation Performancesystems: (Photo 1)- Energy conservation amount in annual crude oil(1) Energy sharing system across multiple sites (Fig. 1)

equivalent: 10,700 kiloliter (kL). Notes: 38.2 GJ is--- Ability to share the low-grade heat (150 oC) andequivalent to one kL.

maintain independent operation of each sites, based- Annual CO2 emission reduction amount: 28,000 tons-CO2

on Pinch technology (heat utilization methodology).

(1) In Energy sharing system across multiple sites, the en-(2) Integrated energy monitoring system (Fig. 2)

ergy conservation amount is 4,900 kL, annual crude oil.

--- Comprehensive analyses and assessments of theThis figure was calculated based on boiler fuel reduction

optimum operating conditions for whole of sites

amount in Sumitomo Chemical with the booster pump(area-wide optimization) in conjunction with Energy

load subtracted.

sharing system across multiple sites mentioned in (1).

(2) Outcomes of Integrated energy monitoring system are(3) Low heat power generation system (Fig. 3)

included in 4,900 kL mentioned in (1), as its operation is--- Highly efficient power generation system withintegrated with Energy sharing system.

highly concentrated ammonia water as a working fluid(3) Low heat power generation system generates electricby using the low-grade heat (115℃) of the overhead

power. The energy conservation amount is 5,800 kL-112-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）according to the actual operation data in all year. Thisand maintain the power generation amount by installingenergy conservation amount is calculated by subtracting

the new high-pressure feed water preheater.

the energy increases from electric power generated. The•Integrated energy monitoring system features a 2-level

energy increases are the working fluid circulation pump

structure. The level 1 calculates the individual optimaland the cooling water pump required for the condenser.

operating condition for each site. The level 2 calculates

4.Advantages and Originality
Supported by New Energy and Industrial Technology
De-velopment Organization (NEDO) in FY2000 to
FY2002, Chiyoda Corporation developed new Pinch
technology (Ar-ea-wide pinch technology) applicableto heavy chemical complexes out of the conventional
pinch technology intended for individual site. This

the area-wide optimal operating conditions for wholeof sites. And the level 2 collects the minimum required
data from the level 1 and provides the solution result tothe operators as an operation guide. The 2-level structure
enables to achieve the following three important functions. i) secrecy, ii) expandability, iii) robustness. In addition, this system enables to calculate the allocationfor each site in the energy conservation amount secured

project is a case of a new, advanced, and creative energy

at both sites by Energy sharing system. (Patent No.

conservation joint project based on results of applying

4389577; Integrated energy optimization method atarea-wide pinch technology to the 23 target sites in Chiba

multiple facilities)

heavy chemical complex. Specifically, this project was•Low heat power generation system is the world’s firstdeveloped from analyses of low-grade heat utilization indeveloped system in the refinery field. This system

the heavy chemical complex. It is not only Ja-pan’s but

makes use of the low-grade heat (115 oC) in the over-

the world’s first system designed to effectively uti-lize

head vapor from the distillation column in Fuji Oil Co.

discarded low-grade heat across multiple sites beyond theConventionally such heat was discarded to the atmos-

conventional utilization limit.

phere by air-fin coolers. But it became a heat source•Energy sharing system across multiple sites utilizes

for this system and was exchanged with the highly con-

low-grade heat (150 ºC) discarded in process plants incentrated ammonia water to produce the high pressure

Fuji Oil and supplies such heat to adjacent Sumitomo

ammonia vapor at 3 MPaG by the newly developed heat

Chemical via the new pipelines across two sites. Usingexchanger. The vapor drives the power generation tur-bine

the low-grade heat, Sumitomo Chemical heats the boiler

to generate 4 MW in electricity. (K. Matsuda, Low heat

feed water to the deaerator of the utility boiler and en-

power generation system, Applied Thermal Engi-neering

ables to reduce boiler fuel consumption. Usually the70 (2014) 1056-1061)

power generation at the steam turbine decreases as the
low-pressure steam demand for heating the boiler feedwater decreases. This system could solve the problem

5.Versatility and Expandability
Conventionally, it was believed that the individual site-113-

in heavy chemical complexes had no more opportunity- Mizushima heavy chemical complex

for energy conservation. Based on the result by area-- Ube heavy chemical complex

wide pinch technology targeted on Chiba heavy chemical- Oita heavy chemical complex

complex, however, it was found that there still was large(2)Overseas heavy chemical complexes

energy conservation potential if the heavy chemical- Map Ta Phut heavy chemical complex, Thailand

complex shared energy as if they were a single entity.
This project of Chiba heavy chemical complex developed

7.Investment Efficiency

by area-wide pinch technology led to a turning point on a(1)Investment amount: Undisclosed

policy, the concept of “Promotion of Energy Conservation(2) Recovery period for facility introduction

by Collaboration of Multiple Actors” appeared in the

A simple payback period is approx. 5 years for

Basic Energy Plan formulated by Ministry of Economy,(a) Energy sharing system across multiple sites andTrade and Industry in October 2003. With governmental(b) Integrated en-ergy monitoring system, and approx.

support, similar systems have been actively introduced

8 years for (c) Low heat power generation system.

into many domestic heavy chemical complexes. Chiyoda

Nowadays economic evaluation has been greatly

Corporation applied area-wide pinch technology to five

improved due to the subsequent increase of energyof the ten major domestic heavy chemical complexes

prices for crude oil and electric power.

and found out each of them still had a large energy
conservation potential. Subsequently, based on the effectsof this project introduced in Chiba complex, energy
conservation joint projects across the sites have been
expanded to Mizushima and Kashima heavy chemicalcomplexes. In addition, area-wide pinch technology
analysis has been applied to large-scale ironworks,

8.Secondary Effects(1)Environmental EffectBased on the results by area-wide pinch technology,
large energy conservation potential was confirmed ineach heavy chemical complex.
For instance;
1) Chiba heavy chemical complex: 640,000 kL

which confirmed large energy conservation potential and2) Mizushima Heavy chemical complex: 1,210,000 kL

identified several energy conservation measures.

3) Map Ta Phut heavy chemical complex in Thailand:

6.Continuity and Sus-tainability

880,000 kL
Figures amount up to 20 to 30% of the total energy con-

Area-wide pinch technology was applied to analyze thesumption of each heavy chemical complex. It was foundfollowing areas:out that a large amount of energy conservation could be(1)Domestic heavy chemical complexes

achieved by introducing a similar energy conservation- Chiba heavy chemical complex

project.

- Kashima heavy chemical complex

This project was implemented by the two sites in Chiba-114-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Photo 1 Overview of Low Exergy Utilization System across Multiple Sites

Fig. 1 Energy sharing system across multiple sites
heavy chemical complex, and its energy conservation

complexes.

amount is 10,700 kL (annual CO2 emission reduction(2)Human resource Development

amount equiva-lent to 28,000 tons). It is now clear fromIn Japan, for the purpose of spreading the concept for en-

this project that a huge amount of energy conservation

ergy conservation by sharing and effectively utilizing(CO 2 reduction) can be expected if similar projects

low-grade heat across multiple sites in the heavy chemical

are introduced into other sites of the heavy chemicalcomplexes, this has been announced at many occasions-115-

in technical seminars and academic conferences,

1)Awarded with ”Agency for Natural Resources andsponsored by public institutions such as New Energy

Energy Director-General’s Award” at Superior Energy-

and Industrial Technology Development Organization

Saving Machines Commendation Ceremony of the Japan(NEDO), Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan (SCEJ),

Ma-chinery Federation. (FY2006)

and Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME).

2)Awarded with “Special Award for Energy Conservation

With the support of NEDO, this project has also been

Grand Prize” of Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

announced overseas, in countries such as Thailand,(FY2011)

Indonesia, China, Taiwan, Finland, and Czech.

3)Posted on NEDO webpage “NEDO PROJECT

Each country had strong interest and was eager to

SUCCESS STORIES” as a successful case of a NEDO

introduce area-wide pinch technology. Consequently,

project. (FY2014)

Map Ta Phut heavy chemical complex in Thailand was(4)Safety and Sanitation

selected as the next target site followed by the JapaneseThis project has been improving the record for accident-

heavy chemical complexes. Its application has been

free and stable operation since operation commencement

already materialized, supported by NEDO.

in 2005.

(3) Social Recognition

Fig. 2 Integrated energy monitoring system-116-

Fig. 3 Low heat power generation system

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP5: Reduction in Steam Loss from 100,000 Steam Traps

1.Details of case

As Figure 1 shows, the clarity and continuity of our

Reduction in energy loss from steam leaks (hereafterwork procedures have been enhanced by the newly

steam loss) is one of the main pillars of energy

crafted maintenance and management program, whichconservation activities. The proper maintenance andis now based on an annual work cycle comprised

management of steam traps is especially importantfrom this viewpoint. Our company has long been
managing this on its own.
However, in addition to the fact that the judgment
standards and confirmation methods, which primarily
relied on the five senses of the operator to determineof "6 steps" recommended by TLV in BPSTM(Best Practice of Steam Trap Management). In
implementing each step, the head office, each refinery,
and TLV reviewed the past characteristics and issues,
together with new ideas, and built an efficient andsustainable program.(See Figure 1.)

whether the trap function is normal, were unclear,

2.Energy conservation performancethe enormous number of units (100,000 from seven- Energy conservation amount in annual crude oil

refineries) limited our ability to achieve proper

equivalent: ▲18,000 kL

maintenance.

- Annual CO2 emission reduction amount:

Thus, we planned to build, in collaboration with TLV▲46,000 t-CO2.

Co., Ltd., an effective and sustainable program for

As you can see from the leak failure rates of major

maintenance and management that would allow us

refineries (Muroran, Mizushima) and the example

to comprehensively and accurately audit the traps oftrends of steam loss volume shown in Figure 2, theeach refinery every year, feed the audit results into afailed trap rate has been steadily declining every year

database, and repair/replace traps based on analysis of

as a result of the development of this program at

this database.

each refinery since 2005. It is now assumed that the-117-total steam loss from all seven refineries was reduced bysteam is used for heating. Therefore, energy-conservation

approximately 37 tons per hour by 2008.(See Figure 2.)

activities include periodic surveys and maintenance of

3.Advanced nature and originality
For building this program, we sought opinions frominternal experts and operators and a trap manufacturer(TLV) on the issues of, and possible improvements to,existing mainte-nance and management, and adopted ideas
from new viewpoints outside of the existing framework sothat the program would work efficiently and sustainably.
The following are the major ideas:(1) Validation of audit technique (accuracy of inspection
de-vice, skill level of inspector).
(2) Outsourcing of inspection work (consignment of manpower tasks).
(3) Efficient audit work (improved efficiency, laborsavings by taking advantage of management tools such asuse of IT technology).
(4) Introduction of the database management system (continuous data updates and data analysis every year).
(5) Selection of the best trap model is critical to the safe
operation of equipment and for the prevention of repeated failures.

traps.
In our case, the energy-saving effect for 100,000 traps is
18,000 kL/year (crude oil equivalent) and the economic
advantage is around 1 billion yen (fuel cost assumed as
58,000 yen/kL). On the other hand, the cost spent on
audits and repairs was around 900 million yen, proving
it is eco-nomically sound. Also, by introducing ideas thatmake the maintenance and management program viable,
it is also possible to continue to keep the steam loss to aminimum from now on.
Though this activity does not introduce state-of-the-art energy-saving technology, it is a steady energy conservation
activity that is sure to produce beneficial results. As aproverb says: ''a penny saved is a penny earned.''We
think this ac-tivity is worth trying in other companies andindustries. TLV is actually deploying this program as the'BPSTM: Best Prac-tice of Steam Trap Management®”
Program in major oil re-fining, petrochemical, and steel
companies as well as in small and medium-sized plants
in Japan, and has steadily achieved reductions in the leakfailure rates and steam losses in 91 facilities. Additionally,

4.Versatility and expandability

TLV is proceeding to im-plement this program in

In industries with large-scale facilities that use highcountries outside of Japan, and is planning to implement a

volumes of steam for heating via piping and tanks, etc.,

wider range of energy conservation activities. The results

large numbers of traps are installed causing many users toare as shown below.

struggle with maintenance and management. In addition,* Actual implementation results as of 2014

in small and medium-sized factories and large buildings,(The figures show the steam loss reduction amounts and-118-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Fig. 1CO2 reduction amounts.)(1) In Japan: 91 facilities, realizing reductions of 918,000
t/year and 134,000 t-CO2/year(2) Outside Japan: 18 facilities, realizing reductions of
175,000 t/year and 26,000 t-CO2/year

5.Continuity and sus-tainability
This activity was launched at each refinery in 2005. We

Fig. 2have been trying to tackle the existing issues related
to maintenance management with new ideas, and haveestablished an effective and sustainable program, which is

improving the clouded environment around leaknow being sustained and managed.

locations, a ''Steam Cloud Search Group''was formed,

Encouraged by the effects gained from trap activities, we

which conducted voluntary activities to search for leakhave discovered overlooked energy losses, such as steam

locations and do repair work.

loss from unnoticed places and ineffective operations

This also resulted in an increase in employee

resulting from failures, and this has lead to enhanced

motivation, leading to improved knowledge of steam

voluntary energy conservation activities.

and pursuit of energy conservation. There are someIn Muroran's case, to promote energy conservation

refineries that are actively participating in the steam-by reducing steam losses, and implementing ''5S'' by

specialized energy conservation and technical surveys-119-conducted by TLV.

conservation activities and contributing to continuity andThrough these activities, executives at our company

sustainability.

(head office) are not only promoting energy conservation
activities but are also supporting each refinery with: laborsavings in operations through use of IT, establishmentof the program, education of personnel, set up of the

6.Investment efficiency
Refer to"the energy-saving effect for 100,000
traps''described in 6. ''Versatility and expandability''.

systems, technical support, and securing the budget for

7.Secondary resultsthese efforts. In addition, the results of these activities are

Refer to ''Actual implementation results as of 2014''de-

disclosed internally and externally (making it visible),scribed in 6. ''Versatility and expandability,'' for CO 2

thereby, motivating the employees in terms of energy

reduction amounts.

-120-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP6: Energy Just In Time (JIT) Activities

1.Details of case(2) Production JIT (model activity: idling stop of(1) Supply JIT (model activity: optimal supply ofsystem)industrial air)

An automatic system for energy reduction at times

Improvements were implemented with the following

of no-production was developed. Whereby, if thesteps in order to adapt the energy JIT to the concepts

work or the handling of a current process becomesof supplying; when necessary (at an appropriate time),

faulty, due to issues with previous process, etc., then

only as much as is needed (in an appropriate quantity),
where necessary (at an appropriate site), and what isnecessary (appropriate material), etc.
STEP1: Required amount of air and production site
location are recorded in the registry and energy map.

the power supply to the equipment of the current
process is automatically cut. When work for thecurrent process becomes unnecessary, as the previous
process is restored, the power supply is automatically
restored.

STEP2: Timing of when the air is needed is understood

2.Energy conservation performancefrom the signboard information generated from the(1) Supply JIT (model activity: optimal supply of

production side.

industrial air)

STEP3: Air supply schedule and estimated amounts

Intensity at the time of low load:

are calculated according to the signboard information▲7% (9.9→10.6 m3/kWh)and energy register.

Electric energy of the pneumatic equipment:

STEP4: Pneumatic equipment, which matches the▲2% (Air supply pressure: 480→470 kPa)

estimated air amount, is chosen from the equipment(2) Production JIT (model activity: idling stop of

performance curve.

system)Thus, “necessary air supply operation when necessary

Electricity reduction during the lunch break: ▲50%with the highest efficiency” is realized.

Standby electricity during automatic operation:

-121-

▲70%

also be implemented in other workplaces.

Daily power consumption: ▲approx. 7%(2) Production JIT (model activity: idling stop of

3.Advanced nature and originality(1) Supply JIT (model activity: optimal supply ofindustrial air)Besides traditional quantitative control using air pipe
terminal pressure, a new pneumatic equipment control
system was developed and standardized. It “calculates
the air quantity requested by the factory by acquiring

system)For the idling stop, the “application manuals” ofthe existing systems were prepared and distributed
throughout the company. The idling stop for new
systems was incorporated into the “design standard(DMS) for internal production systems” so that it isreflected in the design at the implementation stage.

the production infor-mation then choosing and operating

5.Continuity and sustainability

efficient pneumatic equipment that is the most suitable

Denso started the model demonstrations in FY2009. By

for the air amount cal-culated” (patent pending).

verifying their effect, documenting the implementation(2) Production JIT (model activity: Idling stop of

method as manuals, and repeating explanatory meetings,

system)the activities have been implemented in all of the

The “idling stop of system” was developed andEnergy Workshops as an important energy conservation

standardized. It automatically shuts down the power

measure in the company. Furthermore, the Environment

supply of the standby power equipment when production

Committee considers energy JIT as one of the importantis disabled, due to breakdown, etc., and automaticallyenergy conservation measures for development, andrestores the power when it becomes necessary throughhas implemented it in Group companies in Japan andthe acquisition of the opera-tional information of theoverseas.

preceding and subsequent pro-cesses (patent pending).

6.Investment efficiency

4.Versatility and ex-pandability(1) Supply JIT (model activity: optimal supply of(1) Supply JIT (model activity: optimal supply ofindustrial air)industrial air)Investment amount of 52.92 million JPY; investment

The air JIT system has been implemented throughout therecovery for 2.8 y.

company since 2010, while establishing JIT tools such(2) Production JIT (model activity: idling stop ofas the "energy signboard," "energy registry," "energy

system)map," and the "optimal operation control" so that it can

Investment amount of 530,000 JPY; investment-122-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

recovery for 3.5 y.

7.Secondary results
Estimation of the effects when implemented throughout
the company:(1) 170 million JPY/y (electric energy for pneumatic
equip-ment: ▲9%)(2) 1.4 billion JPY/y (electric energy consumed in the
pro-duction line: ▲7%)
Patents, awards, and presentations(1) Patent application: Application No. PN134438(submitted on September 21, 2010)
Presentations: (a) presented at the traveling lecture
program of the Energy Conservation Center, Japan,
Tokai-Hokuriku branch (80 attendees); and (b) presented
at Nikkei (Febru-ary 4, 2010), and Nikkei Sangyo
Shimbun (March 23, 2010)(2) Patent application: Application No. PN137669(submitted on November 30, 2010)
Presentation: the Mid-Japan Economist (March 23,
2010)

-123-

BP7: Integrating LNG Cold Energy into an Ethylene Plant

1.Details of case

3.Energy conservation performance

Osaka Gas, a gas supplier, vaporizes LNG at the Senboku

Test operations started in September 2010 and full-scale

LNG Terminal (hereinafter referred to as ''Senboku'') adja-

operations in January 2011, confirming the following

cent to the Mitsui Chemicals Osaka Works and supplies it

substantial energy conservation effects:

to six prefectures in the Kinki region as city gas. LNG is a

- A 6% reduction in energy intensity at the ethylene plant-160 ºC cryogenic fluid and has considerable cold energyof Osaka Petrochemical Industries.

availa-ble for cooling substances. Its effective use helps- Total reduced crude oil equivalent energy of 13,000 kL/energy conservation and CO2 emission reduction. Somey at four factories, with a reduction rate of 1.4%.

plants in the precincts of the Mitsui Chemicals and Osaka

4.Advanced nature and originality

Petro-chemical Industries input energy, such as electric
power and steam, in order to generate cold energy throughthe refrig-erators, and utilize it for separation, etc. during
product manufacture. At present, the world’s first largescale energy conservation process has been introduced,
which is capable of receiving LNG into the ethylene plantfrom Senboku Ⅰ, making use of LNG cold energy in themost effective manner in the factory and greatly reducing
the energy required for the refrigerators.

- Realizes remarkable energy conservation at the ethylene
plant by utilizing the capability of cascading the LNG
cold energy in a phased manner within a wide temperature
range from -100 to 20 ºC.
- Establishes a new process capable of high energy conservation performance with high operational stability,
while continuously securing the required amount of coldenergy by combining the LNG cold energy, refrigeration
compressor, and expandor, even when the LNG supply

2.Diagrams and other illustrations

volume to the ethylene plant fluctuates.

See Figure1.

- First example of the utilization of LNG cold energy on a-124-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）large scale at an ethylene plant in the world.

other regional industrial complexes. It is expected that the- Collaborative program comprehensively combining

application of this technology in Japan and overseas willenergy ranging over different types of industries, suchdevelop large-scale energy conservation in the future.

as the gas and petrochemical industries, in an industrial
complex.
- Realizes 100% LNG cold energy utilization at Senboku
Ⅰ (on a throughput basis) and improves exergy efficiencyof the entire terminal by 14%.

6.Continuity and sus-tainability- Improvements to increase LNG cold energy usage
will be examined to pursue further increases in energy
conserva-tion.

7.Investment efficiency

5.Versatility and expandability- Utilization of LNG cold energy has been attracting

Unknown

attention owing to higher environmental awareness and8.Secondary results

increased LNG introduction.

Patents, awards received and publications:- Even when the LNG supply volume fluctuates, this(1) Press releases: Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun and eightprocess has high operational stability allowing thecontinuous operation of the ethylene plant by the
combined use of a refrigeration compressor. It is widely
applicable when making use of LNG cold energy as analternative to a refrigerator at chemical plants, etc.
- This is a collaborative program comprehensively
combining energy, for the gas and petrochemicalother cases.
(2) Official announcements: Kyodo press release and fourother examples.
(3) Document contributions: Ministry of Economy, Tradeand Industry, “Chemical Vision Study Group” and twoother cases.

industries, and a model case for business collaboration in

Fig. 1-125-

BP8: Electricity-saving Measures by Coca-Cola: Development andPopularization of Peak Shift Vending Machines

1.Details of casetarget of 25,000 units was determined for the

In response to the decreased electric power supply after

current fiscal year(2013FY). Through strengthened

the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, a Power-

cooperation with bottling companies, devel-opment

saving Project Team was formed. By formulating

and application of a variety of sales tools, and im-

p o w e r- s a v i n g m e a s u r e s t h a t i n c l u d e d h a l t i n gcooling operations using three-group rotation andcomprehensively implementing power-saving measuresover a short period targeting ap-proximately 350,000
vending machines, reductions in elec-tric power
consumption exceeding the government targets wereachieved.
In order to further develop and continually promote theconcept of “reduced electric power consumption during
daytime in summer when electric power is insufficient,”

plementation of unique communication strategies
and public relations activities in terms of society andconsumers, the installation target was achieved aheadof the plan (by late September). In addition, a publicawareness rate of 35% was achieved, with the media
exposure also reaching an amount equivalent to 1.3
billion yen, indicating a widening circle of awareness.

2.Diagrams
See Figure1&2.

Co-ca-Cola (Japan) developed a ''Peak Shift Vending

3.Energy conservation performance

Machine'' jointly with Fuji Electric, Japan's largest● Actual energy conservation results realized for eachvending machine manufacturer.

vending machine

Aimed at wide and quick popularization of this

- The annual electric power consumption has been

new vending machine in the market, an installation

reduced to approximately one-third over the past 10-126-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

years.

In 2014, production has been started by all four vending- In addition, the introduction of the Peak Shift Vending

machine manufacturers in Japan, and they are trying toMachine has reduced the electric power consumption

popularize it as a new energy-saving measure.

by more than 10% compared to the vending machine-Promoting awareness and education on the peak shiftpreviously used by Coca-Cola (FY2012 machine).

concept through positive public relations activities.

● Total electric power consumption by the vending
machines in the market- 40% reduction over a 10-year period (reduction of more

- A " 4 7 P r e f e c t u r e E l e c t r i c i t y - s a v i n g Aw a r e n e s sSurvey"was carried out targeting the whole of Japan, andthe results were released to the public.

than 1 billion kWh over a 10-year period)

6.Continuity and sustainability● Energy conservation merits of Peak Shift Vending Machines- Implemented planned promotion of the Peak Shift- For summer, when the electricity demand is generally

Vending Machine functions as “standard functions.”

high, 16 hours of daytime electric power consumption
for cooling have been reduced to zero, i.e., the daytime
electric power consumption has been reduced by 95%

4.Technological advancement and originality-In order to reduce the daytime electric power
consumption for cooling to zero, all the products in thevending machine are cooled and utilized as cold storage
materials.
-Improvements in terms of airtightness and efficientutilization of vacuum heat insulating materials in thevending machines have enabled cooling effect to be
maintained over longer time periods.

7.Investment efficiency
Unknown

8.Secondary results
Patents, awards, and presentations:(1) Patents: 1 patent (Joint application with Fuji Electric)(2) Presentations (Television): Total 19 media includingNHK(3) Presentations (News Agencies): Total 8 media
including Kyodo News
(4) Presentations (National Newspapers): Total 8 media
including Asahi Shimbun(5) Presentations (English Newspapers): Total 3 media

5.Versatility and expandability

including The Japan Times-Technology disclosure commenced against the main(6) Magazines and Trade Journals: Total 88 media

vending machine manufacturers.

including The Economist and Energy Conservation

Market share to be expanded to 30% by 2020.

(7) WEB: Total 744 media including NHK ONLINE-127-

Fig. 1

Fig. 2-128-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）First Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List

U.S. BAT List
Edited by Sheng Xin

BAT1:Flue gas heat recovery system (feedwaterThis technology recovers available heat from exhaust

economizers and/or combustion air preheaters) for boilers

gases and transfers it back into the system by preheating
feedwater or combustion air[1]。

1.Technology description
A flue gas heat recovery system can make boilers more
efficient by capturing and re-using heat energy that would
otherwise have escaped out of your flue or chimney. Allboilers which burn fuel to produce heat create exhaust

2.Level of Energy Savings
In most steam systems,this technology can improve theenergy efficiency of the system 4% ~7% depending on
the baseline efficiency of the system.

gases,and these need to be expelled outside. However,as

3.Market prospectthese gases are hot (about 200°C),as much as 35% of the

At the country level,most industrial steam

heat being produced by the boiler can be wasted whensystems,especially in the developing countries,have low

they are expelled.

to medium efficiency level. This indicates a significant

Notes：[1]U.S. Department of Energy,Advanced Manufacturing Office (U.S. DOE/AMO). 2012. Improving Steam System Performance:
A Sourcebook for Industry-Second Edition.

-129-

market prospect for this technology in the industry sector
in various countries. The recent study by UNIDO andLBNL[2]on industrial steam systems showed that in steam
systems with low efficiency level,often no flue gas heat

6.Social Characteristics and co-benefits• Reduced energy-related CO2 emissions• Reduced other air pollutants emissions resulted fromfossil fuel use.

recovery equipment is installed on the boiler resulting
in elevated flue gas temperature and in steam systems
with medium efficiency level,often the final flue gas
temperature is elevated and a significant energy recovery
potential remains. The flue gas heat recovery technology
can improve the steam system efficiency by around 7% if
the system has low system efficiency and by around 4% if
the system has medium system efficiency.

BAT2:Flash-steam recovery technology
1.Technology description
Flash steam is released from hot condensate when its
pressure is reduced. The steam released by the flashingprocess is as useful as steam released from a steam
boiler[3] .

4.Reliability

In any steam system seeking to maximize efficiency,flash

Given that many installation of this technology is alreadysteam will be separated from the condensate,and usedworking in different industries around the world,thisto supplement any low pressure heating application.

technology has passed the reliability test. Although thequality and performance of the technology may vary bytechnology provider.

5.Economic Characteristics
The cost of this technology will vary depending on thesize of the steam system and the country it is installed
and other factors. The recent study by UNIDO and LBNL

Every kilogram of flash steam used in this way is akilogram of steam that does not need to be supplied by
the boiler. It is also a kilogram of steam not vented toatmosphere,from where it would otherwise be lost.

2.Level of Energy Savings
In most steam systems,this technology can improve theenergy efficiency of the system 2.5% ~4% depending on
the baseline efficiency of the system.

show that for installation in China this technology will
cost in the range of 72 – 1,160 thousand US dollars for

3.Market prospect

system size ranging from <4 t steam/h to >94 t steam/h.

At the country level,most industrial steam

Notes:[2] Hasanbeigi,A. Harrell,G. Schreck,B. (2014). Energy Efficiency Potentials in Industrial Steam Systems in China: Development of theSteam Systems Energy Efficiency Cost Curve. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO),Vienna,Austria.
[3] U.S. Department of Energy,Advanced Manufacturing Office (U.S. DOE/AMO). 2012. Improving Steam System Performance: A
Sourcebook for Industry-Second Edition.

-130-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）systems,especially in the developing countries,have low
to medium efficiency level. This indicates a significant
market prospect for this technology in the industry
sector in various countries. The recent study by UNIDO

6.Social Characteristics and co-benefits• Reduced energy-related CO2 emissions• Reduced other air pollutants emissions resulted fromfossil fuel use.

and LBNL [4]on industrial steam systems showed thatin steam systems with low efficiency level,flash-steam
is not recovered and in steam systems with medium

BAT3:Loss on ignition (LOI) optimization technology

efficiency level,flash-steam is partially recovered. Flash

for coal-fired boilers

steam recovery technology can improve the steam systemefficiency by around 4% if the system has low systemefficiency and by around 2.5% if the system has medium
system efficiency.

1.Technology description
Coal fired boilers have various sources of thermal energy
loss. The main sources are the dry gas loss as well as theloss-on-ignition (LOI) of the ash leaving the boiler. The

4.Reliability

vast majority of the combustible portion of the ash that

Given that many installation of this technology is alreadyaccounts for the energy loss is simply unburned carbon.

working in different industries around the world,thisThe common approach in the past has been to keep thetechnology has passed the reliability test. Although thecarbon as low as possible to minimize the combustible

quality and performance of the technology may vary by

losses in the ash. However,the most efficient way totechnology provider.

operate a boiler is to minimize the energy losses due to

5.Economic Characteristics
The cost of this technology will vary depending on thesize of the steam system and the country it is installed andother factors. The recent study by UNIDO and LBNL show

the fly ash LOI and the stack gases at the same time. LOI
optimization technology which may have several features
such as on line measurement of unburned carbon,ash
reinjection,etc. can improve the energy efficiency of coalfired steam systems significantly.

that for installation in China this technology will cost in
the range of 38 – 674 thousand US dollars for system size

2.Level of Energy Savings

ranging from <4 t steam/h to >94 t steam/h.

In most steam systems,this technology can improve theNotes:[4] [ Hasanbeigi,A. Harrell,G. Schreck,B. (2014). Energy Efficiency Potentials in Industrial Steam Systems in China: Development of
the Steam Systems Energy Efficiency Cost Curve. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO),Vienna,Austria.

-131-energy efficiency of the system 3% - 5% depending on

The cost of this technology will vary depending on thethe baseline efficiency of the system.

size of the steam system and the country it is installed

3.Market prospect
At the country level,most industrial steam
systems,especially in the developing countries,have low

and other factors. The recent study by UNIDO and LBNL
show that for installation in China this technology will
cost in the range of 72 – 507 thousand US dollars for
system size ranging from <4 t steam/h to >94 t steam/h.

to medium efficiency level. This indicates a significant
market prospect for this technology in the industry

6.Social Characteristics and co-benefits

sector in various countries. The recent study by UNIDO• Reduced energy-related CO2 emissionsand LBNL [5]on industrial steam systems showed that

• Reduced other air pollutants emissions resulted fromin steam systems with low efficiency level,Loss On

fossil fuel use

Ignition (LOI)) is not monitored regularly and is managed• LOI optimization can also improve the fly ash quality.

poorly and in steam systems with medium efficiency

Fly ash becomes an even more attractive product if it is oflevel,LOI is monitored regularly but timing is infrequentconsistent quality.

and significant corrective actions are not clearly applied
to reduce the LOI. Loss on ignition (LOI) optimization
technology for coal-fired boilers can improve the steam
system efficiency by around 5% if the system has low
system efficiency and by around 3% if the system has
medium system efficiency.

BAT4:Variable frequency drives (VFDs)
1.Technology description
An adjustable speed drive (ASD) is a device that controls
the rotational speed of motor-driven equipment. Variable

4.Reliability

frequency drives (VFDs),the most common type ofGiven that many installation of this technology is alreadyASDs,efficiently meet varying process requirements

working in different industries around the world,thistechnology has passed the reliability test. Although thequality and performance of the technology may vary bytechnology provider.

5.Economic Characteristics

by adjusting the frequency and voltage of the power
supplied to an AC motor to enable it to operate over awide speed range. External sensors monitor flow,liquid
levels,or pressure and then transmit a signal to a controllerthat adjusts the frequency and speed to match process
requirements.

Notes：[5][ Hasanbeigi,A. Harrell,G. Schreck,B. (2014). Energy Efficiency Potentials in Industrial Steam Systems in China: Development of
the Steam Systems Energy Efficiency Cost Curve. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO),Vienna,Austria.]-132-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

2.Level of Energy Savings

type and size of the system and the country it is installed

In most cases,this technology can improve the energy

and other factors. The UNIDO and LBNL study shows

efficiency of the system 15%~25% for pumping andthat for installation in the US,VFD technology will cost

compressed air systems and 20%~35% in fan systems

in the range of 4 – 65 thousand US dollars for pumping

depending on the baseline efficiency of the system.

systems,12 – 100 thousand US dollars for compressed air

3.Market prospect
A recent study by UNIDO and LBNL [6]on industrial

systems,and 8 – 150 thousand US dollars for fan systems
with size ranging from <50 hp to 1000hp.

motor systems showed that at the country level,most

6.Social Characteristics and co-benefits

industrial motor systems have low to medium efficiency• Reduced energy-related CO2 emissions

level. This indicates a significant market prospect for• Reduced other air pollutants emissions resulted from

VFDs in the industry sector in various countries. The

fossil fuel use.

same study indicates that in motor systems with low• Improved system reliability in some application

efficiency level VFDs are not commonly used and insystems with medium efficiency level VFDs are only
sometimes used as a solution for flow control. VFDs
can improve the system efficiency by 15% - 25% forpumping and compressed air systems and 20% - 35% in

BAT5:Low-grade waste heat to power absorption
chillers

fan systems,depending on the baseline system efficiency.

1.Technology description

4.Reliability

Absorption chillers use heat/waste heat,instead ofGiven that many installation of this technology is alreadyworking in different industries around the world,thistechnology has passed the reliability test. Although thequality and performance of the technology may vary bytechnology provider.

mechanical energy,to provide cooling. The mechanicalvapor compressor is replaced by a thermal compressor
that consists of an absorber,a generator,a pump,and athrottling device.
Compared to mechanical chillers,absorption chillers havea low coefficient of performance (COP = chiller load/

5.Economic Characteristics

heat input). Nonetheless,they can substantially reduce

The cost of this technology will vary depending on theoperating costs if they are energized by low-grade waste

Notes:[6] [ McKane,A. and Hasanbeigi,A. (2010). Motor System Efficiency Supply Curves. United Nations Industrial Development
Organization (UNIDO).]-133-

heat,while vapor compression chillers must be motor or

select absorption chillers. [8]engine driven.

2.Level of Energy Savings
Energy saving achieved by implementation of thistechnology varies by industry,process,application,technol
ogy provider,etc.

Tons

Single-Effect Hot Water
or Steam ($/ton)

100-400
400-800
800-1,200
1,200-1,600

Double-Effect Hot Wateror
Steam ($/ton)$1,110
$820
$730
$680

$1,970$1,470$1,300$1,220

Example:In a plant where low-pressure steam is currently being
exhausted to the atmosphere,a mechanical chiller with a
COP of 4.0 is used 4,000 hours per year (hr/yr) to produce
an average of 300 tons of refrigeration. An absorption unit

6.Social Characteristics and co-benefits• Reduced energy-related CO2 emissions• Reduced other air pollutants emissions resulted fromrequiring 5,400 pounds per hour of 15-psig steam could

fossil fuel use

replace the mechanical chiller,providing annual electricity• Avoids the use of any ozone-depleting fluorocarbons forsavings of 1,055 MWh.[7]cooling

3.Market prospect
The current adoption rate of this technology varies indifferent industries and countries,but in general the current
adoption rate is low in most countries. Therefore,there is asignificant market potential for this technology.

BAT6: Industrial combined heat and power (CHP)
1.Technology description
Combined heat and power (CHP),also known ascogeneration,is the concurrent production of electricity

4.Reliability

or mechanical power and useful thermal energy (heating

Given that many installation of this technology is already

and/or cooling) from a single source of energy. Instead

working in different industries around the world,thisof purchasing electricity from the grid and burningtechnology has passed the reliability test. Although thefuel in an on-site furnace or boiler to produce thermal

quality and performance of the technology may vary byenergy,CHP provides both energy services to a facility intechnology provider.

one energy-efficient step.

5.Economic Characteristics
Below are some estimated ranges in capital costs for

For smaller industrial plants,commercial
microturbines,with outputs ranging from 30–600 kW,arealso available.

Notes：[7] [ US DOE. 2006. Use Low-Grade Waste Steam to Power Absorption Chillers,Energy Tips-Steam. Washington,DC.][8]Antares Group Inc.2012 how to decide if an absorption chiller hight for you-134-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

2.Level of Energy Savings

5.Economic Characteristics

It is reasonable to expect CHP applications to operate at

The cost of this technology varies by industry,process,app

65-75% efficiency,a large improvement over the national

lication,size,technology provider,etc.

average of 35%~45% for these services when separately

The investment costs of a gas-turbine CHP plant ranges

provided.

from $900/kW to $1500/kW,with a typical cost figure

3.Market prospectof $1000/kW (US$2008). The annual operation andmaintenance (O&M) costs are approximately $40/kW.

In the United States,the Obama Administration has

The investment costs of a combined-cycle (CCGT) CHP

a goal to achieve 40 GW of new,cost-effective CHP byplant range from $1100/kW to $1800/kW and more,with2020. Achieving this goal would:

a typical cost figure of $1300/kW. The annual O&M•Increase total CHP capacity in the United States by 50%

costs are approximately $50/kW. The investment costs ofin less than a decadea fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) CHP plant based on•Save energy users $10 billion per year compared tocoal ranges from $3000/kW to $4000/kW and more,withcurrent energy usea typical cost figure of $3250/kW and annual O&M costs• S a v e 1 q u a d r i l l i o n B t u ( Q u a d ) o f e n e rg y — t h eof approximately $100/kW. The investment costs of a gas-equivalent of 1% of all energy use in the United States

engine CHP plant are in the range of $850–1950/kW,with•Reduce emissions by 150 million metric tons of carbon

a typical cost figure of $1,150/kW. Its annual O&M costs

dioxide (CO2) annually — equivalent to the emissions

are about $250/kW[10].

from over 25 million cars
•Result in $40-$80 billion in new capital investment in
manufacturing and other U.S. facilities over the next
decade.[9]6.Social Characteristics and co-benefits•Reduced energy-related CO2 emissions•Reduced other air pollutants emissions resulted fromfossil fuel use

4.Reliability•Reduced exposure to grid power cut and grid power

Given that many installation of this technology is alreadydisruptions

working in different industries around the world,thistechnology has passed the reliability test. Although thequality and performance of the technology may vary bytechnology provider.

BAT7: Recuperative or Regenerative Burners
1.Technology description

Notes：[9] [ US DOE. Benefits of combined heat and power. http://energy.gov/eere/amo/benefits-combined-heat-and-power][10] [ IEA ETSAP. 2010. Combined heat and power. Paris,France.]-135-

Application of recuperative or regenerative burners cansubstantially reduce energy consumption. A recuperator
is a gas-to-gas heat exchanger placed on the stack of thesave around 0.7 GJ/ton hot rolled finished steel[11].

3.Market prospectfurnace. There are numerous designs,but all rely on tubes

The current adoption rate of this technology varies

or plates to transfer heat from the outgoing exhaust gas

in different industries and countries. For the example

to the incoming combustion air,while keeping the two

given above on the use of recuperative or regenerative

streams from mixing. Recuperative burners use the heatburners in hot mill reheating furnaces in the steel

from the exhaust gas to preheat the combustion air.
Regenerators are basically rechargeable storage batteries
for heat. During an operating cycle,process exhaust gases
flow through the regenerator,heating a storage medium.
After a while,the medium becomes fully heated (charged).
The exhaust flow is shut off and cold combustion air
extracts the heat from the storage medium,increasing intemperature before it enters the burners. For continuous
operation,at least two regenerators and their associatedburners are required.

2.Level of Energy Savings• Recuperative burners can reduce fuel consumption by
10%~20% compared to furnaces without heat recovery.
• Regenerative burners can theoretically achievesavings of up to 35% compared to furnaces without heatrecovery. The practical energy saving will be less thanindustry,in 2010,(based on the production capacity)
only around 30% of steel plants in China and 40%
of steel plants in India had installed this technology.
Thus,there is significant potential for application of thistechnology in steel plants in those two countries (which
account for over 50% of steel production in the world)and other countries.

4.Reliability
Given that many installation of this technology isalready working in different industries around theworld,this technology has passed the reliability
test. Although the quality and performance of thetechnology may vary by technology provider.

5.Economic Characteristics
The cost of this technology varies by industry,process,application,technology provider,etc.

this depending on the plant-specific and process-specific

For the example given above on the use of recuperative

condition.

or regenerative burners in hot mill reheating furnaces

As an example,in the steel industry,the use of thisin the steel industry,the typical cost of the technology istechnology in hot mill reheating furnaces can typicallyaround US$4.3 per ton hot rolled finished steel.[12]Notes：[11] [ Worrell,E.,P. Blinde,M. Neelis,E. Blomen,E. Masanet. 2010. Energy Efficiency Improvement and Cost Saving Opportunities
for the U.S. Iron and Steel Industry: An ENERGY STAR Guide for Energy and Plant Managers. US EPA. Washington,DC.][12] [ Worrell,E.,P. Blinde,M. Neelis,E. Blomen,E. Masanet. 2010. Energy Efficiency Improvement and Cost Saving Opportunities
for the U.S. Iron and Steel Industry: An ENERGY STAR Guide for Energy and Plant Managers. US EPA. Washington,DC.]-136-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

6.Social Characteristics and co-benefits•Reduced energy-related CO2 emissions.
•Reduced other air pollutants emissions resulted fromfossil fuel use.

by this technology in a cement plant is in the range of
20kWh/ton~40 kWh/ton clinker.[13]3.Market prospect
The current adoption rate of this technology varies indifferent countries. In 2010,(based on the production
capacity) around 40% of cement plants in China and 30%

BAT8: Low temperature waste heat recovery for powerof cement plants in India had installed this technology.

generation in industry using Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC)

Thus,there is significant potential for application of thistechnology in cement plants in those two countries (which

1.Technology description

account for over 50% of cement production in the world)

Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) uses an organic working

and other countries.

fluid that has a lower boiling point,higher vapor
pressure,higher molecular mass,and higher mass flow

4.Reliability

compared to water. Together,these features enable higher

Given that many installation of this technology is alreadyturbine efficiencies than in conventional Steam Rankine

working in different industries around the world,thisCycle (SRC). The ORC systems can be utilized for waste

technology has passed the reliability test. Although theheat sources as low as 150 degree Celsius,whereas steam

quality and performance of the technology may vary bysystems are limited to heat sources greater than 260

technology provider.

degree Celsius. ORCs make it possible for economical
power generation from low temperature industrial waste
heat.

2.Level of Energy Savings

5.Economic Characteristics
The cost of this technology varies by industry,process,app
lication,technology provider,etc.
For an example given above for WHR power generation

Energy saving achieved by implementation of thisin the cement industry,the technology costs around 800-

technology varies by industry,process,application,technol

1,250 US$/kW capacity.

ogy provider,etc.
As an example,this technology is used in hundreds of

6.Social Characteristics and co-benefits

cement plants to recover waste heat from clinker making•Reduced energy-related CO2 emissions.

process to generate power. The electricity generated•Reduced other air pollutants emissions resulted from

Notes：[13] [ Worrell,E.,C. Galitsky,L. Price. 2008. Energy Efficiency Improvement Opportunities for the Cement Industry. Berkeley CA:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Report LBNL-72E. Berkeley,CA.]-137-

fossil fuel use.

different industries and countries,but in general the current• Reduced exposure to grid power cut and grid power

adoption rate is low in most countries. Therefore,there is adisruptions.

significant market potential for this technology.

4.Reliability
BAT9:Wireless sensors for real time measurement andGiven that many installation of this technology is alreadyprocess monitoringworking in different industries around the world,this

1.Technology description
An effective sampling and real-time control in manufacturing

technology has passed the reliability test. Although thequality and performance of the technology may vary bytechnology provider.

sensors and controls has been a long time issue in industry.
In recent year with the advancement in ICT technology and5.Economic Characteristics

smart manufacturing,some technology providers have tried

The cost of this technology varies widely by industry,proc

to tackle these issue by developing wireless sensors andess,application,technology provider,etc.

process control systems.
For example,Honeywell,GE,Emerson Process

6.Social Characteristics and co-benefits

management,and other companies have commercialized• Reduced energy-related CO2 emissions.

technologies,which can send measurements wirelessly to a

• Reduced other air pollutants emissions resulted frombase radio connected to a control or data acquisition system.

fossil fuel use.

2.Level of Energy Savings·Improve product quality• Ensure high uptime

Energy saving achieved by implementation of this• Reduce O&M costs

technology can varies widely by industry,process,applicat• Enhance flexibility

ion,technology provider,etc.
For example,Emerson Process Management claims thatits Rosemount 708 wireless acoustic transmitter for
steam traps monitoring can reduce the plant’s fuel cost by
10%~20%.[14]BAT10:Plant or enterprise- level energy monitoringand management systems
1.Technology description

3.Market prospect

Energy is often lost through non-optimal process

The current adoption rate of this technology varies in

conditions or process management. Automated computer

Notes：[14] Hand,A. 2011. Wireless Sensor Identifies Leaking Steam Traps.

-138-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）control systems may help to optimize the processes andTherefore,there is a significant market potential for

conditions’ thereby save energy and reduce emissions.

this technology.

Improved process control may also help to improve theproduct quality,reduce downtime,and have other benefits.
An example of such systems is GE’s Power Management
Control System (PMCS). PMCS is a customizable,fully
integrated end-to-end energy management system. It canaccess GE’s as well as third-party devices and systems
in real-time for graphical representations of substationequipment status,energy trends,remote control of devices
and automated responses to system conditions. By
optimizing methods used to control both processes andequipment,energy efficiency is realized to utilize assets
more effectively and efficiently.

2.Level of Energy Savings
Energy saving achieved by implementation of thistechnology can varies widely by industry,process,application,technology provider,etc.

3.Market prospect
The current adoption rate of this technology varies
in different industries and countries,but in general

4.Reliability
Given that many installation of this technology isalready working in different industries around theworld,this technology has passed the reliability
test. Although the quality and performance of thetechnology may vary by technology provider.

5.Economic Characteristics
The cost of this technology varies widely by industry,
process,application,technology provider,etc.

6.Social Characteristics and co-benefits• Reduced energy-related CO2 emissions• Reduced other air pollutants emissions resulted fromfossil fuel use• Improved predictive maintenance for less downtime• Faster problem determination in the process• Increased safety• Higher productivity• Improved power quality

the current adoption rate is low in most countries.

-139-

First Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List
Australia BAT List
Edited by Baorong Yuan

BAT1:Pumping System Optimisation – ThrottlingIts estimated current energy savings across the sectors are
60 petajoules per annum (PJpa) with prospective savingsof 187 PJpa in 2017.
Pumping systems are used in various industrial
systems,for example removal of groundwater from mines
through dewatering,pumping of condensate or dosing,hot
water circulation systems or for circulating liquids like fu
el,water,wastewater,chemicals,oil,petroleum,sludge,slurryor reactants.Throttle controls typically restrict flow within
the system to achieve a variable flow suitable from fixedpump speed. However this can result in an inefficientsystem as energy losses are incurred in the throttling

the speed of the pump and the pumping rate can moreclosely match the flow rate of the system as it varies
over time,reducing or eliminating throttling losses andkeeping the pump operating near its best efficiency
point.
Pumping system optimisation – Throttling is atechnology applicable to the following sectors:• Electricity Generation – pumping of coolingwater,condensate extraction pumps,and boiler feedpumps.
• Mining – pumping for mine dewatering,slurries andwastewater,flocculant dosing or provision of firefighting systems.
• Manufacturing – Boiler feed systems,hot water

valve and through loss of pump efficiency when it runs

circulating systems,mixer pumping,condensate andaway from its most efficient operating point. With adosing systems,as well as transfer systems,amongst

variable speed drive,efficiency can be improved because

others.

-140-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）• Oil and Gas – pump systems for oil tankers and offshore

pumping station,the variable speed drive can be installed

platforms,dewatering systems,pumping of cooling water.

at a cost of $1,188,000. The energy saving will be around

Example 1: Replace throttled pumps and gen-sets to

6,219,427 kWh,giving a return of about 15% internal rate

improve efficiencyof return (IRR) provided it is a drought year when a lot of• A review of a company’s dewatering bores on site revealed

pumping occurs.

that many of the standard bore pumps are throttled asa means of reducing the water flow to a level the bore
can sustain. Detailed analysis of the dewatering pump

BAT2:Cogeneration Plant

performance showed that highly throttled pumps consume

They are used in the Manufacturing sector andsignificantly more diesel per megalitre of water pumped thancommercial buildings. Currently sector-wide energy

pumps with little or no throttling.

savings are estimated to be 9 PJpa and 70 PJpa to 2017.

•The assessment proposed to improve the energy efficiencyof this dewatering function by creating a rateable storeof spare pumps of varying sizes and replace heavily
throttled pumps in the field with better matched pumps andgenerators.
•Pumps at the first mine have been progressively swappedThis technology scored very well in investment perenergy unit saved.
When fuel is combusted in an engine or turbine,energy
not converted into useful mechanical energy is turned
into heat. Typically in a turbine or engine,only 40%-

to more appropriate sized equipment where possible and the

50% of the energy in fuel is converted into mechanicalsame approach is now also planned for implementation at aenergy. Cogeneration makes use of the waste heat fromsecond mine.

the turbine or engine and uses it for heating or cooling•Technology that allows pumps to run at variable speeds is

purposes. Overall efficiency for cogeneration plants canbeing evaluated at present as a further improvement to thebe greater than 80%.

rateable store approach.
Example 2: Another companies scheme has very large
electrical pumps which use considerable energy. The
scheme consists of three major pumping stations: (2x 80MW),(2 x 40MW) and (2 x 5MW) Squirrel Cage
induction motor. When motors are operated at a constant
speed with the flow and pressure of the pump controlled

Cogeneration is the combined production of electricity andheat. It is used in a variety of manufacturing processes
and buildings where a fuel is available and both electricity
and heating and/or cooling is required. Examples include
production of electricity,heating and cooling for buildings
or manufacturing known as tri-generation,production of

by a valve,optimal energy use is not achieved. Losses

electricity and steam that can be used in a manufacturing

can be minimised and large savings realised with inverter

plant or passed through a steam turbine to generate further'speed control instead of control by valves. At theelectricity and direct use of the hot exhaust gases from the-141-electricity generation in a process.

achieved through the utilisation of waste heat from

Electricity is generated from a fuel,usually natural

the exhaust of the electricity generator to produce

gas,in a turbine or large engine. If a turbine is used,thesteam in a boiler. By using natural gas to produce

exhaust gases can be used directly to heat ovens ordryers or the heat captured in a Heat Recovery SteamGenerator (HRSG) to create steam. This steam canbe fed into the site steam system or used in a steam
turbine to generate further electricity. In the latter
case,low pressure steam is often taken off part way
along the steam turbine at different pressures to supply
site demand. If an engine is used,energy can be
captured from the exhaust gases to heat water or raise
low pressure steam,while water from the closed loop
cooling system can be used for heating duties aroundthe site or building. These uses of waste heat displace
other fuel sources that would otherwise be required tosupply the heating and cooling demands.
If cooling not heating is required,the heat captured
from the turbine or engine can be converted into
cooling through the use of absorption chillers.
Cogeneration is used in the following industries:•Manufacturing subsectors including paper,foodmanufacturing,small-scale electricity
generation,chemical manufacturing

electricity,rather than purchasing electricity from thegrid and by using waste heat to produce steam,it isestimated that the cogeneration system will reducegreenhouse gas emissions by 39,714 tonnes of carbon
dioxide equivalent per year.
Example 2: Another Cogeneration project includes a
7.9 MW gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator.
This will eliminate the use of coal on the site andsignificantly reduce Scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas
emissions. This project will also reduce energy use on
the site by about 43,000 GJ.
Example 3: Another company installed a gas fired
cogeneration plant on a Conti 1 Dryer within an MDF
production line to capture steam generated by the dryer
unit. The exhaust gas from the cogeneration plant isducted to the mixing chamber of the Conti 1 Dryer
where it is blended with flue gas from the hot gas
generator and ambient air. The resulting mix of fluegases and air is used to dry fibre by direct contact withthe fibre while it is transported in the air stream of thedryer.

• Oil and gas production and processing facilities• Commercial buildings to produce energy and heat orcool building

BAT3:Heat Recovery and conversion to Electricity

Example 1: As part of a recent upgrade,a foodThis sector coverage for this technology includes

manufacturing site has installed a natural gas-fired

Mining,Manufacturing,Oil & Gas. Heat Recovery tocogeneration plant to provide both electricity andElectricity has excellent sector-wide energy savings

process steam to the facility. Energy efficiency isof 81 and 400 PJ per annum for current and estimated-142-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）savings respectively.

project capital,operating costs and the amount ofHeat recovery to electricity can be applied in almost

electricity generation is being determined to a +/-any industrial setting where fuel is combusted as part of

12% accuracy level as part of the next phase (bankable

the industrial process or a chemical reaction takes placefeasibility study).

that produces heat (exothermic). This technology canbe implemented wherever there is a waste heat stream(either liquid or gas) of adequate temperature and flow.

BAT4:Drying Optimisation

The electricity generated can be returned as a source

Drying optimization is used in the Mining andof power for running the process or used in a separate

Manufacturing industries. Sector energy savings

application.

are estimated at 58 PJpa (current),and 283 PJpa for

To generate the electricity,the hot gas or liquid fromprospective energy savings.

the process is passed through a waste heat boiler toDrying processes are a part of industrial

produce high pressure steam. This steam is then passed

applications,primarily in the manufacturing industry but also

through a steam turbine to generate electricity. For

in mining and wastewater services. Optimisation of drying

lower temperature heat sources where steam of sufficient

processes involves identifying efficiencies in the removalpressure cannot be created,low temperature electricity

of water or other liquid from raw or processed materials or

generation cycles can be use such as Organic Rankine

goods.

Cycle (ORC).

Efficiency improvements often involve the use of a

Sectors that utilise heat recovery to electricity include:

mechanical process to remove additional liquid prior• Mining,oil and gas – generators and coolingto drying with heat. Mechanical processes,such as

applications.

filter presses,are a much more energy efficient way to• Manufacturing – chemical reactions,coolingremove moisture but are not always able to achieve final

applications,boilers,ovens and kilns.

moisture content specifications.

Example : A company proposed to adopt new sintering

ambient air can also be used to reduce the amount oftechnology,heat treatment of the lead concentrate priorliquid to be removed.

to smelting,which would allow for a potential increase in

Sectors and applications of drying optimisation are:energy recovery. A waste heat boiler and co-generation• Mining – drying raw mined materials before

facility to produce electricity could also potentiallyprocessing.

be part of this project. The project has completed the• Manufacturing – food products such as dried fruit,tablet

concept phase +/- 30%. The project has since secured

coating (pharmaceuticals),paper manufacturing.

funding to proceed to the next feasibility phase. The• Services – drying of sludge in wastewater treatment.

Natural drying using-143-

Example: Separating minerals via electrostatic

pull,reagent concentrations,air flow rates as well as levelseparation requires the minerals to be completely dry.

and airflow setpoints.

Drying of the minerals prior to electrostatic separation

Optimisation of flotation circuits is a technology thatis accomplished using gas-fired fluidised bed dryers.

can involve reconsideration of the size and/or speed

The wetter the minerals entering the dryer,the moreof selected motors for different processes. It is quiteenergy is required for the drying operation. To minimise

common for a process to be designed with higher speedenergy required for drying,methods were introduced to

motors than required,which results in an increase ofprocessing plants to minimise the water content of theenergy consumption. A reduction in motor speed of coalminerals entering the dryers.

pulverisers for example,has demonstrated reduction of
30% energy usage,as well as significantly increased life

BAT5:Flotation Circuit Optimisationof grinding rings.
Example 1: In the gold production process,Run ofThis technology is used in the Mining sector, Its

Mine (ROM) ore is reclaimed from stockpiles and fed

current and 2017 energy savings are estimated at 6

through a single-stage toggle jaw crusher where theand 33 PJpa. Relative to other technologies Flotationcrushed ore provides feed to a semi-autogenous grinding

Circuit Optimisation has a good level of energy(SAG) Mill. Overflow from the SAG mill gravitatesefficiency and payback period. The mining sector uses

to a flotation circuit where gold containing sulphideflotation circuit optimisation in the mining of sulfide

minerals are concentrated. Naturally occurring bacteria

ores,carbonates,oxides,as well as phosphates and coal.

is then used to separate the gold from the sulphide matrix

It is also used in wastewater treatment services.

in a process using the patented technology. The circuit

Flotation is a highly complex chemical process used tocontains six reactors,three primary (Tanks 2-4) and three

separate and concentrate a particular substance from thesecondary (Tanks 5 -7),all fitted with agitators driven

solid or liquid in which it resides. This includes metals

by electric motors. In the original configuration,the firstfrom raw mined materials,but also removal of solids

four reactors were fitted with agitators driven by 220kW

and other pollutants within wastewater. In mining

motors connected to the agitator shaft with a fixed

processes,optimisation of flotation circuits to achieve

speed gearbox. Tank 6 has 185kW motor and Tank 7 has

optimum recovery rates and / or grade of materials from110kW. It was discovered that the rotational speed ofthe process can involve tracking and changing level

the agitators could be reduced by 20% by changing theand aeration set points to change the concentrate flow

gearboxes. Savings in energy were estimated at 11,180

rates,or manipulating the residence time and circulating

GJ/year.

flows in the circuit. Where flotation circuits have more

Due to the relative simplicity and high savings that thiscomplex instrumentation,optimisation can involve mass

project generates,it was decided to implement this energy-144-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）efficiency opportunity. Following metallurgical test-work

reduction process is an integral part of each of the sub-to ensure minimal risk to the oxidation process,Tank 5

processes from production of ore from the mine to thegearbox motor was changed from a 220kW 4 pole motor

final finished particle size and includes: blasting,crush

to a 150kW 6 pole motor,thereby reducing the speed bying,screening,grinding and separation. In many cases

33%. In accordance with the processing department’s

grinding is used to liberate valuable minerals from waste

shut-down schedule,it is planned to replace the 185kW

materials. The opportunity is to optimise this production

4 pole motor on Tank 6 with a 150kW 6 pole motor.

chain to minimise the overall energy consumption but

Additional metallurgical testing is planned to review

with consideration of product losses that can increase if

the impact of reduced agitation speed on the primary

waste is rejected earlier in the process.

reactors.

Crushing and grinding uses more than 50% of the energy

Example 2: Another company decided that the current

used in mining.

spirals-based circuit for reprocessing of flotation tailings

The blasting design affects the energy required in

at one of their mine's coal processing plants was sub-crushing. The size achieved in crushing impacts the

optimal. Replacing the spirals with a state-of-the-art

amount of material that does not pass through screening

fluidised bed separator (reflux classifier) to scavenge

and must be re-crushed. The size of material passing

fines tailings will provide a more effective solution,and

through the screen impacts on the energy use of milling.

improve overall plant yield.

The amount of material that can be rejected as waste

Example 3: Another company decided to improve
the flotation yield of their mine's coal preparation
plant through installation of Microcel launders and air
compressors. This will increase plant yield,and reduceoverburden removal,coal mining quantity and save (GJ)
156,220 of fuel use per tonne of final coal produced.

between stages impacts on the energy use of the systemand the amount of product lost in the waste stream.
Example 1: SAG throughput improvement for millingat a Nickel Mine. A company analysed the energy
efficiency of SAG milling at their nickel mine. Analysis
indicated that one module had consistently outperformed
another. Investigations identified design improvements
to the pulp lifter and discharge grate,which were

BAT6:Grinding Optimisation

subsequently implemented on the other module.
The design improvements resulted in an increased

This technology is used in the Mining sector. Estimatedthroughput and a reduction in energy consumption per

energy savings are 18 and 66 PJpa to 2017. This

tonne,corresponding to an annual energy saving of 59.6

technology scored well in its payback period and energy

TJ.

efficiency,relative to other technologies.

Example 2: Ore drying and grinding through use of

Grinding is used to reduce the size of mineral materials

alternate technologies. A mining company assessed thatfor use,transport or further processing. This size

additional drying aided the energy efficiency of their-145-

grinding circuit. The ore reclaimed from a solar drying

exiting the boiler. The benefits of such a system are toarea is further dried in three 34m long rotary kilns toimprove the overall heat recovery of the combustiona nominal moisture content of 6% before the grinding

process and hence reduce fuel consumption.The

process. Two of the dryers are fuelled by coal and theeconomiser on the Number1 boiler of a sugar mill had

other is fuelled by coal seam methane. Dried ore isbeen in poor condition and had led to a number of tube

then fed through two electrically driven ball mills. It

leaks. The reliability of the unit deteriorated such that itis proposed that other technologies could replicate ore

was by-passed in the previous crushing season.

grinding and/or drying at a lower fuel cost.

The direct result of this was a reduction in steaming
capacity of the boiler (- 28%) and an increase in the rate

BAT7:Boiler Economiserof bagasse consumed in the boiler (ie. boiler efficiency).
Replacement of the economiser is expected to cost $1.2

Boiler Economiser technology is available to themillion but result in estimated benefits of higher boiler

Manufacturing and Oil & Gas sectors. This technology

efficiency higher export of electricity from the site andhas 14 and 45 PJpa for estimated current and future

improved boiler reliability. The overall payback of theenergy savings,with placement on the Top Ten list

project is expected to be 1.43 years.

largely due to its level of energy efficiency andinvestment per unit energy.
Boilers are used in a wide range of manufacturingindustries,as well as oil and gas,to provide heat to an

BAT8:Chiller Controls

industrial process via the transfer of water or steam.

Chiller Controls can be applied in the Services andInstead of discharging flue gases from the boiler

Manufacturing sectors. This technology has relatively

directly,efficiency can be improved by first passing

good economic characteristics including payback period

them through a heat exchanger,called an economiser.

and investment per unit energy.It has energy savings

The flue gases passing through the economiser are

estimated between 26 to 79 PJpa to 2017.

usually used to heat boiler feedwater prior to being

Chiller controls refer to controls on individual chiller

pumped to the boiler,thus saving fuel to raise steam

units,chiller plant controls or building management

and improving the thermal efficiency of the boiler.

system panels. Control of chillers can include chiller

Economisers can also be used to heat other process

motor speed control (VSDs) or pressure control.

streams such as liquid feeds into chemical reactors.

Pressure control in chillers is achieved through changing

Example:Boiler Economiser Replacement - A boiler

the duty of the condenser side through speed control

economizer is a hot gas to liquid heat exchanger thatof the fans or switching fans on and off as required

pre-heats boiler feedwater using the heat in the flue gas

by demand and ambient conditions. In both cases,the-146-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

duty of the chiller is matched more closely to the coolingto enable them to work according to the outside air anddemand resulting in more efficient operation.

humidity conditions. This project will save on electricity

Changes in ambient conditions can affect both chiller

consumption by reducing the load on the compressors anddemand and performance. As ambient temperatures andthe condensers.

humidity increase,demand for cooling from occupied
spaces,cool rooms,freezers and process cooling will also
increase. In addition,the efficiency of the chiller will
reduce under these conditions,caused by the reduction in

BAT9:Road design
Road design is used in mining and construction. Estimatedenergy savings are 7 to 37 PJpa. Road design is relevant

the ability of the chiller to reject heat to the atmosphere.

at sites where vehicles operate 24 hours,seven days per

The variability of loads and conditions must be taken

week. Fuel savings are achieved from road design that

into account when engineering and analysing chillers

reduces rolling resistance through the use of improved

systems. Significant energy savings can be achieved

surfaces,for example,paving a gravel road. Improvedby designing a flexible system that can respond to loads

designs can allow vehicles to travel at their optimum speed

and conditions,through the use of multiple or variablewith minimal stops and takes into consideration factors

speed fans on condensers for example. Systems without
flexibility are likely to operate in a maximum output
configuration that may only be required a few times a
year,resulting in a less efficient process for the majority ofthe time.
E x a m p l e 1 : E x t e n d i n g u s a g e o f Va r i a b l e S p e e dDrives. Implementation of this opportunity for one
company saw extensive introduction of VSDs in key
applications,however there is continuing opportunity
for benefit in this area due to existing systems,newinstallations or changed circumstances. For example at
one hospital a change in the sizes of chillers removes theprevious optimisation by programmed selection of chiller

such as intersections expected load weights and uphill/
downhill transport activities.
The energy savings achieved through improved roaddesign are significant due to the type of vehicles used
as well as the long operating hours in the mining andconstruction sectors. The most significant savings are
made in mining haul trucks. These trucks carry up to 200
tonne of payload from the face of the mine to an onsite
processing facility.
Example 1: Road design - removal of one stop per cycle
per truck. The assessment identified an opportunity toreview the haul road design to enable trucks to achieve

call up,and necessitates use of some larger chillers away

and maintain an optimal trip speed. It was noted afrom their optimum efficiency,so retrofitting a VSD (which

considerable fuel saving would result if the road design

was previously determined to be unnecessary) is now

could allow the removal of stop signs,where this does notdesirable.

compromise safety. The truck manufacturers were asked

Example 2: Another company decided to install ato do modelling for a fully loaded truck to accelerate from

regulation on ammonia compressors and condenser fansstationary for 100 metres and to advise the final speed at-147-this distance. They were also asked to model the same

27,increasing to 120 PJpa to 2017. This is a significant

truck operating at this same final speed,but using thistechnology for the Construction,Services,Mining andsame speed for a distance of 1,000 metres,so that theTransport sectors.

steady state fuel consumption can be calculated. In thisWeight reduction of vehicles is a relatively simple

way the fuel saving as a result of the truck not having

approach to realising energy efficiencies for theto stop is the difference between the two scenarios.

transport,mining,construction and services sectors.

Evaluation of this opportunity revealed that for each stop

Weight can be reduced through the use of new designs

removed from the load cycle,estimated saving of 361

for mobile equipment and through the use of lightweightkL per annum for Caterpillar 777 haul trucks could bematerials. Savings can also be achieved by reducing theachieved and 407 kL per annum for the Terex 3700 AC

amount of material that is transported unnecessarily,forhaul trucks. Savings are based on the removal of one stop-

example,reducing the amount of product that gets stuck

sign intersection. However,with careful consideration of

to the tray of a dump truck.

traffic safety,FMG will continue to look for opportunities

Example 1: An opportunity was identified to fit lighter

to remove additional stop signs.

truck bodies to the haul truck fleet. This would reduce

Example 2:.Another company found a potential energy

the weight of the vehicle and therefore allow the truck

efficiency opportunity through optimising a haul road. The

to carry more ore/waste thereby increasing the potential

existing profile of the haul road comprises a combination

payload of the truck fleet. The project would requireof downhill and level sections. Real time monitoring ofa large capital investment in the truck fleet with avarious truck variables on the truck fleet showed that the

payback period greater than four years.

trucks consumed fuel on the level sections. Modelling of

Example 2: Light weight truck trays - A project isa modified haul road profile showed that fuel consumption

in progress to increase the payload capacity of one

could potentially be reduced on both downhill and uphillcompany’s haul trucks. This has been accomplishedjourneys for the truck fleet resulting in improved fuelthrough the use of light weight truck trays. As these

consumption. The potential saving was estimated to be a

trays are lighter than the previous trays,more ore can besaving of 750kL of diesel per year for the truck fleet. This

hauled for the same fuel consumption - thus increasing

project is one of a number of projects to be considered

fuel efficiency. The mine production reporting systemby the site energy team in 2012 for practicality andand fuel management system have been used to confirm

implementation potential.

that the increase in fuel efficiency has been realised as
predicted.

BAT10:Weight Reduction - Vehicles
This technology has estimated current energy savings of-148-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）First Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List

Australia BP List
Edited by Baorong Yuan

BP1:Optimising Generator Controls

multiple units to optimise heat rates,as well as monitoring

Generator controls are used in the Electricity Generatorof turbine performance deterioration and predictive

sector,as well as manufacturing,oil and gas sectors.

maintenance programs for turbine and condenser.

This technology has very good current (175 PJpa) andThis practice has good energy and cost savings. as well as

prospective (435 PJpa) estimated energy savings.

good market contexts.

Generator controls are used in various ways. These

Example: Sliding Pressure Set-point - A reduction in the

include analysing operation of extraction or back-main steam pressure set point on one company’s boiler

pressure steam control to optimise reuse of steam

would result in a reduction in the throttle losses across theenergy between electricity generation and process

turbine control valves. Investigation predicts this would

use. Monitoring of steam turbine discharge pressure

save 154,526 GJ and 12,728 t CO 2-e per year for the

can improve thermodynamic performance to optimise

entity. The annual net financial saving is predicted to beefficiency,power output and net heat rate.

$88,900 over a four year period,equivalent to a payback

Other controls include operation of individual or

period of less than one year.

-149-BP2:Flight Planningrecirculating when there is no demand are all examples

Flight planning is utilised in the air transport sector andof where idle running could be reduced to save energy.

involves minimising taxi and flight times. Fuel burned

Example 1: Energy Saving Mode (EMS) is a new mode

while waiting to take off or in holding patterns waiting toof operation designed for a car-manufacturer’s paintland at a busy airport can be reduced through coordination

shop air supply system during non-production periods.

of gate departure times with air traffic control. The aim

Example 2: Another company analysed 3 large productis to have aircraft taxi straight from the gate to the take-dryers & coolers’ operational times and identified

off runway at the correct time so there is no waiting

significant periods (2 hours/day) of running with nofor a take-off opportunity and arrival is timed for the

product in them. During these periods the dryers &destination airport to minimise holding patterns before
landing.
While its Transferability to other sectors is low,thispractice scored well across all other indicators. it also has
good energy savings estimates of 127 and 400 PJpa to2017.

coolers revert to idle mode but they still consume
significant quantities of natural gas and electricity. A
time based system to automatically shut down the dryers
and coolers completely exists but continual use of amanual override system has limited its effectiveness.
Optimisation of the auto shutdown feature & limiting
manual override capability will deliver significant

BP3:Reducing Idle Running in Manufacturing

energy and cost savings.

This practice is applicable to not only Manufacturing but
also the Mining and Oil & Gas sectors. Energy savingsof 61 – 200 PJpa reflect its relatively high score in energy
and cost achievement. Other indicators in which thispractice scored well were originality & innovation andmarket contexts.
Management of idle running of machinery is usedprimarily in the manufacturing sector,but also in mining

BP4:Optimising HVAC controls
HVAC Controls are used in the Services sector.
Heating,ventilation and cooling (HVAC) represent alarge percentage of energy consumption within buildings
and is therefore relevant in the services sector,forexample hospitals,office space and institutional

and the oil and gas sectors. It involves turning off

buildings.

machinery rather than keeping them running idle in

the adjustment of temperature set points,either year

between active use,preventing energy wastage. Conveyor

round or adjustment for seasonal conditions and using

systems that run with no product,mining trucks andzone controls to provide comfortable conditions in every

excavators left idling during downtime periods and pumps

zone of the building. More careful control of the HVAC

-150-

Energy efficiency can be improved throughTop Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）systems outside of normal occupancy hours to avoid

Depending on the stage of the process where the productunnecessary heating and cooling can also provide

is lost,varying amounts energy will have already beensignificant energy savings.

used. For example,product lost into a waste stream or

Energy savings were scored relatively higher,although

spilled during transport in a mining operation has a small

its estimated total,sector-wide current savings are low

energy loss associated. Contrast with the loss of a final

relative to other practices (19 to 59 PJpa to 2017). This

product from a manufacturing process through spillage orreflects the lack of weighting for sector-wide energy

off-specification product,where large amounts of energy

savings in the methodology.

have been invested to achieve the final form. Losses can

Example: Heating ventilation and air conditioning

arise from many sources including out of specification(HVAC) initiatives at seven stores of a national retailer.

feedstock,spillage from transport systems such as

These have included night setback whereby the fansconveyors,process upsets,breakdowns and incorrect

are turned off and the temperature band is widened

operation of equipment.

to reduce heating and cooling requirements when the

Example: A coal mining company optimised theirstore is closed. networking all plant,which provides
remote visibility to ensure any excess or irregularusage is investigated and rectified.Other initiatives
are implementation of Variable Speed Drive which
provides an adjustable speed setting on main ventilation
fan,AC timer control for adjusting temperatureaccording to the operational hours of individual areas/
departments,and hood controls.This latter initiative
involved retrospectively connecting the activation of
exhaust hoods to ovens.Over 200 stores have had these
HVAC controls implemented.

BP5:Reducing Product Losses

mining process which translated to an increase in coal
recovery and reduction of coal product loss. A set ofrules was developed to highlight the actions necessary
to reduce coal loss and contamination. Losses of around
9% have been assessed at the mine and an annual target
reduction of 7% per annum has been set. A reduction
in losses results in significant reductions associatedwith additional mining,therefore reducing diesel andelectricity consumption and GHG emissions. Project costis 'low'because this is a part of normal operations.

BP6:Use of Driver Advisory Systems
This practice is applicable to Mining and Transport
sectors. Its inclusion on the Top Ten list is attributed to its

Product loss is a practice that has good sector energy

originality,innovation and transferability. Energy savings

savings,the manufacturing,mining,oil and gas sectors.

are estimated at 30 -130 PJpa to 2017.

Reducing losses of product in a process can provide

Mining and transport sectors can implement driverboth energy savings and output improvements.

advisory systems as a practice to improve the fuel-151-

efficiency of their operations. Efficiency can be

Oil & Gas sectors. It has excellent energy savings acrossimproved by providing feedback information to thethese sectors estimated at almost 800 PJpa in 2017.

driver so that they can make adjustments according toProcess optimisation achieves energy efficiencies throughconditions. A driver advisory system can provide very

reducing process cycle times,wastage,or costs. This

precise information about the variables operating on apractice can include redesign of processes or revisions

vehicle,such as payload and gradient,where the energy isto the layout of a plant to improve material flows andgoing and where it is being wasted.

production. In the services sector,process optimisation

For example,by changing travelling speed according to

can involve improving performance and response times

factors such as payload or slope gradient,more efficientthrough identifying unnecessary delays in the service

use of energy can be achieved. More sophisticatedprocess or by introduction of more effective systemsystems can involve sensors which track changes in theoperations.

wind,acceleration or resistance on the vehicle and provide

Example: Seasonal,opportunistic reduction in aeration

advice to the driver to achieve optimum energy efficiency

blowers based on suitable process conditions. One

in response to these changes.

company assessed that the aeration levels of their

Example 1: One company decided to trial a Driveractivated sludge plant may be reduced for short periods

Advisory System (DAS) to advise train drivers of theof time during periods of high recycled water flows

optimum driving speed and powering mode to reduceand suitable process conditions,without compromisingenergy use. The trial showed an average energy saving of

the sewage treatment objectives or Environmental

8.5%. Trial results and implementation requirements are

Protection Authority Victoria licence conditions. In

under review.

these circumstances one of four large aeration blowers

Example 2: Another company has commenced

may be turned off for up to 2-3 months every year. This

implementation of an advanced on-road driver

is not,however,a permanent solution that can be reliedmanagement system in metropolitan areas to optimise

upon every year,but a good opportunity that can be taken

pickup & deIivery movements. This is designed toadvantage of where conditions allow,and will be reviewed

improve service and performance quality,and to minimise

every year moving forward.

fuel use. It is anticipated that kilometres travelled bydrivers will be reduced due to missed pick-ups as well as
the minimisation of return to base volumes.

BP8:Cleaning Condensers and Heat Exchangers
This practice relates to maintenance in the Electricity

BP7:Optimising Processes
Process optimization is available to Services,Mining and-152-

Generation sector. Despite low scores for originality
and innovation,this practice scored well across the otherindicators. energy savings are 17 to 44 PJpa between

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）current and 2017.

identified across all units,one with its original condenser.

Condensers remove heat from steam exhausted in theelectricity generation process using cooling water. The
removal of heat from the exhausted steam is essential

BP9:Removing Furnace Soot

because it maintains the pressure gradient exiting the

Furnace Soot Removal and Soot-Blowing is used in theturbine. The surfaces of condensers can be polluted

Manufacturing and Oil & Gas sectors. Over time,thereby dust,moisture,dirt or other contaminants within theis typically a build-up of soot inside furnaces. This sootcooling water stream. Over time these can decrease theis a layer of which effectively insulates the system andheat transfer properties of the condenser and increase

reduces efficiency.

energy consumption.

Furnace soot removal scored relatively well for Market

Generally,condenser tube cleaning is carried out during

Contexts and individual Energy Savings. 38 to 100 PJpa

a turbine maintenance outage. For large coal fired

sector-wide energy savings are predicted.

plant,this occurs every few years. For plants where

Example: Refinery Furnaces – The reformer unit

condenser fouling is a significant issue,monitoring of

upgrades the quality of crude oil products for use

condenser backpressure and cooling water and condensed

as gasoline. The process requires a number of large

steam temperatures can indicate that on line cleaning is

furnaces. Over time,soot and dust had built up inrequired be undertaken.

the furnaces of one company,resulting in decreased

Off line cleaning during an outage can be done using

performance and efficiency of the furnace. In 2010high pressure water jets or mechanical tube cleaners thatan opportunity was identified to clean this furnace toscape the fouling loose from the inside surface of the

improve the efficiency,decreasing the fuel required.

tubes. On line cleaning can be achieved by injectingThis work took a number of weeks,with an external

plastic balls or bullets into the cooling water stream thecompany brought in to cut access ports in to the furnaceloosen fouling as they pass through the condenser tubes.

wall and then carefully spraying a chemical mix on to

Cleaning condensers can also improve detection of leaks.

the tube surfaces to remove built up soot and dust. After

Example: Power Station condenser cleaning - A

the clean,the temperature of the gas leaving the furnacecompany undertook a series of offline condenser cleansdecreased by 53 degrees Celsius,indicating significant

across four of their units. This was the first time cleaning

improvements in heat recovery and furnace efficiency.

had been undertaken using a plastic bullet being passed
through each tube. At the same time the acid dosing plant
was re-established and a drain line which allowed dirty

BP10:Monitoring and Managing Data

water to enter the cooling tower basin was also isolated.

Data Monitoring / Management is unique as it is

Significant improvement in condenser performance wasapplicable across all sectors. These have the potential to-153-realise 90 PJpa to 420 PJpa in energy savings to 2017.

data was vital to the sustainability of their operations.

Data monitoring and management can be applied

Particularly the end use of steam which was not being

in almost any industrial systems and involves

reported (eg: digestion and evaporation steam energy).

measurement of critical energy related data.

Data

The aim of the opportunity was to identify and reducemanagement refers to several approaches to use data

inefficiencies resulting from poor information andonce it has been measured. These include using energy

subsequently improve decision making processes

baselines and energy-mass balances to estimate energy

leading to improved energy efficiency. The tools

savings,determine the economic implications and wider

developed by this project have been implemented andbenefits from energy efficiency initiatives,identify

are used for online energy consumption monitoring andthe level of accuracy for energy and financial savings

energy balance optimisation,i.e. for determining energy

predictions and to estimate payback periods.

inputs,outputs and users around site. The resultant

Example 1: A structural assessment of management
practices was undertaken by a large waste managementcompany. This involved a review of management
systems to identify key triggers for capturing,analysing
and managing energy efficiency. This assessment
identified improvements in processes to capture poor
energy efficiency performance. The process is likely toprovide improved consistency in the identification of
performance and issues to improve responsiveness.
Example 2: A manufacturing company saw thatprovision of accurate and timely energy management-154-

model of the plant for optimising plant operation andits applications for viewing and archiving plant data
continues to be used successfully. It has proved to be agreat benefit to the site for determining savings. Whilethe direct energy savings associated with the project aresmall,the wider implications of the improved energy
monitoring have enabled new opportunities to be
identified which have major energy savings.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Second Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List

China Industrial BAT List
Edited by Yingjin Jiang

BAT1: The High-effective Energy-conservation Recovery
Technology of the Excavator's Potential Energy

1.Technical principle

storage cylinder. Inversely,when the working device(boom) lifting,through the optimization technology

The high-effective energy-conservation recovery

of hydraulic valve and main pump ratio,the energy

technology of the excavator’s potential energy is tostorage tank and the power cylinder tank work together

use the inert gas energy storage system,utilize theto drive the working equipment realize the digging

potential energy that is generated when the excavator

operation,improves the working speed and digging

working device (boom) falling,compress the inert

output of the excavator working device,so as to reduce

gas in the energy storage tank to recover the potential

the engine power in design,reduce the excavator

energy through driving the hydraulic oil in the energy

excavation fuel consumption,and improve the overall-155-

working efficiency of the excavator.

2.Main technical specifications
The energy storage system mainly includes anaccumulator,an energy storage cylinder,and a control
valve. The accumulator is filled with inert gas,which
designed maximum pressure is 65MPa and working
pressure is 25MPa.

3.Energy conservation effects

5.Technology Application Case
A company with an annual output of 30 million tons

Compared with traditional excavators,the fuelof coal,uses 5 energy-conservation and high-efficiency

consumption per unit excavation is reduced by

excavators with potential energy recovery technology

30%~50% by using this technology,and the output is

to replace the traditional excavators of the same power.

increased by 50%~100% compared with the traditional

Compared with the same bucket capacity excavators in

excavator of same installed power.

the industry,the annual energy saving is about 222.7 tons

4.Application areas
Applicable to all kinds of equipment thatuse oil cylinders to control lifting,such as
excavators,loaders,and other construction machineryetc.,Applied to mining excavation,infrastructure,water
conservancy projects,rescue and disaster relief andother emergency materials excavation and transfer,port
hoisting,and military facilities Emergency launcher.

-156-

of standard coal,and the annual energy saving benefits isabout 4.5 million RMB.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT2: Energy Saving Technology Based on Three-phase
Sampling and Fast Response

1.Technical principle

technology,the pulse width is 18 microseconds,theinterval is 40 microseconds,and the number of pulses

According to the energy conservation principleof motor voltage reduction,based on three-phasesampling and fast response motor energy conservation

exceeds 100,applicable for low-voltage 3-phase AC
asynchronous motors with power from 7.5kW to315kW.

technology,adopts the closed-loop feedback system toadjust the voltage,accurately control the voltage and

3.Energy conservation effects

current of the motor to keep the motor working in the

Impact load conditions: On mechanic equipment withbest efficiency state. Adopts core technologies,such aslarge motor load variation,the active power saving rateadjustable resistance network three-phase sampling,highis 20%~45%. Gradual load conditions: On mechanicfrequency pulse train trigger SCR (Silicon Controlled

equipment with less motor load variation,the active

Rectifier),induced voltage detection,effectively improve

power saving rate is 15%~30%. Constant medium

the detection accuracy and response speed of the powerand high load conditions: On mechanic equipment

factor angle detection circuit,and ensure that the SCR

with stable motor loads,the active power saving rate iscan be more stable,accurate and fast triggered,ensures

5%~7%.

the motor start and running more smoothly,to reduceenergy consumption of the motor.

4.Application areas
It can be widely used in metallurgy,petrochemical,co2.Main technical specifications

al,manufacturing,and other industries involving low-

Using high-frequency pulse train trigger SCR

voltage three-phase AC asynchronous motors.

-157-

5.Technology Application Case
Case Ⅰ
Aiming at the actual working condition of a groupcompany’s stamping workshop where the original
motor load with a large variation,uses the energysaving technology based on three-phase sampling
and fast response to transform 30 sets of 2.2kW
stamping machines. During the implementation of thetransformation,uses the intelligent motor control system
to replace the original power distribution system,has
realized the full-time stable control and effectively saved
the active power of the motor. At the same time,the builtin solid-state intelligent soft start has improved loading
start performance of the equipment. In this practicalcase,the active power saving rate is 21%,and the annual
power saving is 26,850kWh.

-158-

Case II
Combining the characteristics of plastic crushers,two
15kW plastic crushers have been transformed forenergy saving. During the implementation of thetransformation,uses the intelligent motor control system toreplace the original power distribution system to achieve
stable control of the plastic crushers. In this practicalcase,the effective power saving rate of the plastic crushers
is 27% and 45% respectively,annual power saving isabout 9132kWh.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT3:Energy-saving Control Chip Technology
on Body Voltage Sensor

1.Technical principle
The energy-saving control chip technology on bodyvoltage sensor chooses to use an adjustable threshold
four-terminal module,which is implanted in electricalappliances with standby power consumption,reducing
the original standby power consumption of AC electricalappliances to zero,and the electrical appliances can startup instantly by touch or light touch through humanbody induction voltage. The core technology is the fourterminal control technology,the source S and the substrateinstantly activated by touch/light touch through humanbody induction voltage,without changing the originalfunction of the electrical appliances to realize the energysaving effects that no power consumption in standby
mode of the appliances.

2.Main technical specifications
Applicable electrical parameters A.C.100V~240V,50Hz/60Hz.
Standby power consumption is 0 (the current standby power
consumption of existing appliances is above 0.5 watts).

electrode B of the common three-terminal MOSFET

3.Energy conservation effects(metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) are

Without changing the original functions of the electricalopened up by a special process,a bias voltage VBS isappliances,realizes zero power consumption in standby

added between the above mentioned two electrodes,whichmode.

makes the MOSFET threshold voltage Vth has changing.
The chip technology on body voltage sensor,adopts

4.Application areas

the modules of the above technology to implant into

Applicable to civil,industrial and other AC electricalelectrical appliances,realizes Zero power consumption

appliances that have standby power consumption,inof the appliances and the module after powering off thewhich,civil appliances include air conditioners,washingelectrical appliances,and the electrical appliances can bemachines,TV sets,set-top boxes,computers,monitors,-159-

stereos,microwave ovens,induction cookers,rice cookers,kettles,dishwashers,humidifiers,etc. products that have standby power
consumption.

5.Technical Application Case
Case Ⅰ
Using zero consumption power strip/socket to solve theproblem of standby power consumption is applicable forold electrical appliances. When the electrical appliances
are plug in the zero consumption power strip/socket,thestandby zero power consumption can be realized withoutchanging the original electrical system structure.
A company uses Energy-saving control chip technology
on body voltage sensor to modify old household
appliances (air conditioners,televisions,desktop
computers,washing machines,electric water heaters)
in a residential area,total 4680 households. After themodification,the standby power consumption is all
reduced to 0W,and the turning on and off functions of theelectrical appliances are normal. Annual power saving is362.8kWh per household,and the total power saving is
1.698 million kWh of this residential area annually.

-160-

Case II
A resort area uses the energy-saving control chip technology on
body voltage sensor to modify a total of 352 electrical devices,suchas air conditioners,televisions,computers,range hoods,substation
consoles,and security systems. After the modifications,thestandby power consumption of all the electrical devices isreduced to 0W,annual power saving 16,400 kWh.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT4: Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Screw Expanding
Generation System

1.Technical principle

strong variable working conditions’ capabilities,able to run in

Organic rankine cycle (ORC) screw expanding

stable operation within the load range of 10%~120%,suitable

generation system combines organic Rankine cycle

for residual heat,waste heat and other parameters with bigwith screw expander for application,the entire systemvariations energies' recycling and utilization.

includes evaporator (including preheater),expander,condenser,liquid pump,uses R245fa as the working
fluid. When recycling low-grade waste heat,the hot
fluid heats the liquid working fluid of the expander
when passing through the evaporator,produces hightemperature and high-pressure working fluid steamthat enters the expander to push the expander towork,and then,the low-temperature and low-pressure
working fluid discharged from the expander enters
the condenser,releases heat to the environment and2.Main technical specifications
For flue gas at 120℃~250℃,low/normal-pressure
steam,and low-grade waste heat such as hot water at
80℃~160℃,the ORC unit's power generation efficiency
is 8%~12%.

3.Energy conservation effects
The isentropic efficiency is as high as 85%-88%,and thethermal net power conversion efficiency is as high as
8.4%~12.8%.

condense into liquid,and then the liquid is pumped into
the evaporator to evaporate,thus completing a complete

4.Application areas

cycle.

Low-grade waste heat utilization in machinery

Screw expander is a positive displacement expander,withindustry,building materials,chemicals,metallurgy,textiles,

compact structure,high strength,not easy to damage,extreme

kilns,etc.

-161-

5.Technical Application Case
Comprehensively considering the heat source
conditions of the implementing project and thedevelopment level of ORC waste heat generation
technology,in order to improve the thermal efficiency
and total power generation capacity of the hot water
generator set,this project adopts the ORC screw
expansion generator set,realizes the hot water side
pressure drop is not greater than 0.1 MPa.
According to 643 tons of 115°C hot coal water that
produced by the project owner,one ORC generator
set is configured to achieve the net power generationof 2570kWh,which annual power generation is20.56 million kWh,annual power generation benefitsof 14.392 million RMB,equivalents to 7196 tonsof standard coal,17,097.7 tons of CO 2 emission’s
reduction. The ORC system is equivalent to a main

-162-

cooler,which is a parallel connection with the aircooler in the original system,with split-range control.
When the ORC is running,almost all the hot waterflows through the ORC system for cooling,whichsaves power consumption of the original air cooler
while generating electricity. when the ORC is out ofservice,the hot water flows through the original air
cooler for cooling.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT5: Energy Saving Technology of New Steady Flowand Heat Preservation Aluminum Reduction Cell

1.Technical principle

the heat dissipation of the side lower part. Throughreasonable configuration of the process technicalThe energy-saving technology of new steady flow andheat preservation aluminum reduction cell,throughsimulation and theoretical calculation,optimizes thecurrent distribution in the molten aluminum,reduces
the flow rate and interface deformation of the molten
aluminum,optimizes the current distribution in thecathode carbon block,improves the stability of theparameters of the reduction cell,to finally achieve thepurposes of stabilizing the fluctuation of the molten
aluminum,reducing the horizontal current and the cellvoltage,reduces the heat dissipation of the side lower
part,to ensure stable operation of the reduction cell under
low voltage and high efficiency,and reduces power
consumption.

cathode aluminum liquid. Through optimizing thecathode structure and material selection,developing

2.Main technical specifications

stable current and high-conductivity steel

By this technology,the graphitized cathode experimental

rods,combined with low cathode voltage drop assembly

electrolytic cell aluminum liquid DC power consumption

technology,reducing the cathode voltage drop andreaches 11805kWh/t-Al,the average operating voltage

cell voltage. Through analyzing the self-consumable

after promotion is about 3.85V,the current efficiency

energy in the reduction cell area and the primary crystal

is above 92%,the series aluminum liquid DC powertemperature of electrolyte composition,optimizes

consumption is below 12,500kWh/t-Al. Compared withthe design of cell lining,optimizes the distribution of

the current average level of the industry,it can save moreisotherms,forms an ideal furnace chamber,and reducesthan 500kWh/t-Al,and the power utilization rate will-163-

increase by 4%~5%.

3.Energy conservation effects
Compared with which before the technology isapplied,the DC power consumption of molten
aluminum is reduced by 500kWh.

4.Application areas
It is implemented for new or overhauled reduction cells
in the aluminum smelting industry that uses alumina as
raw material to produce electrolytic aluminum.

5.Technical Application caseThis case involves 200 electrolysis cells with cell
types of 400kA and 320kA,performs the energysaving technical transformation with the new steadyflow and heat-preserving aluminum electrolysis
cell. The main technical modifications include lining
optimization,cathode optimization,furnace building
management,process parameter matching,etc.,The
investment is 16 million RMB,and the construction
period is 24 months.
After the implementation of the project,the DC
power consumption is reduced from 13115 kWh/t-Al
to 12450kWh/t-Al,the average operating voltage isreduced to 3.82V,the current efficiency is 91.4%,thepower saving 665kWh per ton of aluminum,andthe annual power saving benefit is about 84 million-164-

RMB,equivalents to about 64,000 tons of standard
coal,reducing carbon dioxide emissions by about 150,000
tons,and the accumulated economic benefits of about 93
million RMB.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT 6: Energy Saving Technology of Liquid Coolingand Heat Conduction in Electronic Equipment

1.Technical principle
Energy saving technology of liquid cooling andheat conduction in electronic equipment adopts the
combination of heat pipe technique and water-coolingtechnique,couple the heat pipe cold-plate module withthe server to achieve chip-level cooling,most of the heatgenerated by the server’s high-heat-flux is conducted
out of the server cabinets through the contact coolingchannel by using this technology,a small part of theremaining heat is taken away through the non-contact
cooling channel by traditional air-cooling technology,andthe power usage efficiency of data center is greatly
reduced,realizes data center energy saving effectively.

2. Main technical specifications
The energy consumption of the refrigeration system ofthis technology is reduced by more than 80% comparedwith the traditional refrigeration system,accounting for
only about 10% of the total energy consumption of thedata center. the working temperature of the server CPU
under the full load condition is lower than 60℃. thesingle rack installed capacity is adapting 5kW～25kW.

then the heat of the cold-plate is continuously

3.Energy saving effects

transferred to the plate heat exchanger through theThis technology reduces the data center power usage

internal circulating refrigerant conduction system,and

efficiency to below 1.2,realizing energy saving about

then the heat is carried out to the cooling tower and

40% in the data center.

dissipated naturally through the external circulatingwater cooling system. This technology does not require
air-conditioning compressors in whole process,and

4.Application areas
This technology is applicable for heat dissipation in data-165-

centers and communication rooms of government,communicationcase II

operators,IDC enterprises,Internet,finance etc. industries,also can

The IDC of a certain base owns a whole cabinet

be used in high-heat-flux cooling fields such as supercomputers

application system platform,has integrated multi-,radars,lasers,large industrial control equipment,and LED large

type servers from many mainstream server

screens.

manufacturers,including box type,blade type,whole

5.Technical application Casecabinet type,etc.,which has many issues,such as
high-heat-flux components of the server (such as

Case I

CPU) account for a large proportion of heat,the heat

The cloud computing business of data center has

distribution is relatively concentrated etc.

the characteristics of high density and high energy

After implementing the technology of liquid cooling andconsumption. the huge amount of data and calculations

heat conduction in electronic equipment in the base,thecauses the power density of the server increasing

power consumption of the data center's computer

greatly,so there are higher requirements for the cooling ofroom cooling system has dropped from 40% to 10%.

data centers. One cloud computing center of a certain baseLong-term running test results indicate that,under

has implemented the technology of liquid cooling andthe condition of the wet-bulb temperature lower thanheat conduction in electronic equipment to solve the high-

30℃,the server with actual power consumption of 4

density heat dissipation problem of servers. The energy

racks totals 20kW (Note: After the 2 nd time systemsaving effects of the first phase of the project is good.

expanding,the maximum installed power of the server

The data center's electric energy usage efficiency is below

reaches 48kW) as the load of IT business,achieves the

1.2. The annual power saving of the project is 588,672

effects that the CPU temperature is less than or equal tokWh. The project gains annual power saving benefits of

60°C,and the power usage efficiency is less than 1.2.

529,800 RMB that is calculated by 0.9RMB/kWh. During
operation,there is no air-conditioning compressor required
in whole process,and the maximum operating temperatureof the CPU of the heat pipe water-cooled server does notexceed 44°C.

-166-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT7: Energy Balance and Scheduling Optimization Technology
for Industrial Enterprises

1.Technical principle
Aiming at energy media such as steam,gas,hydrogen,water,wind,and electricity in industrial enterprises,usesa large real-time database to build a smart energy
management and control platform,multi-energy media
production - consumption forecast technology thatcombines time series and soft-sensing ideas,multi-period
optimal scheduling method of energy system based on
multi-energy media production-consumption forecast
data and overall collaborative balance model,uncertainty
mixed integer nonlinear programming solution
technique,establishing an intelligent simulation of energy
pipe network and energy system collaborative balance

simulation and forecasting,quickly,stably,and accurately
provides an optimized scheduling plan,realizes multiperiod collaborative optimized scheduling of energy
media.

2.Main technical specifications
The production - consumption forecast accuracy of themain energy medium is greater than 95%,the pipeline
network simulation accuracy of the main energy
medium is greater than 95%,the matching degree of theenergy optimized scheduling model calculation result
vs. actual state is more than 95%,the comprehensive
energy consumption is reduced by more than 1.5%,and
the waste gas emission is reduced by 5% or the above.

model,developing fuel-steam-power system multiperiod collaborative balance and optimizing scheduling

3.Energy conservation effects

platform and software for large-scale processing

Gas,coal gas,and steam emissions are generally reduced

enterprise,effectively improves the accuracy of

by 5%~10%. At present,this technology can achieve-167-

energy saving about 530,000 tce/a.

4.Application areas
Applicable for high energy-consuming industries,suchas petrochemical,chemical,non-ferrous,building
materials.

5.Technical Application Case
Case I
A petrochemical company has low utilization rate ofhydrogen resource,large steam energy loss,frequentgas system fluctuations,etc. problems,by establishinga hydrogen,steam,and gas balance and optimization
system that integrates real-time monitoring,statisticalanalysis,pipeline network simulation,scheduling
optimization etc. functions,has effectively improved
the enterprise informatization and intelligencelevel,realized the refined management and control ofproduction,transportation,consumption,storage,etc.,reduced labor intensity,and provided a powerful support
tool for improving the level of scheduling management
and reducing operation costs of the system,haschanged the traditional extensive management
concept,continuously optimized production throughsimulation optimization,data analysis etc. methods.
After the expanding diameter renovation ofthermal to wax oil hydrogenation,Low pressure ofcase II
A refining and chemical branch company carries
out hydrogen and gas balance and optimization inaccordance with the current operating status andbusiness characteristics of the hydrogen and gas
system in a certain district. This case uses mechanism
modeling,data mining,optimization calculations andother techniques,has built up a informatic systemthat integrates real-time monitoring,statisticalanalysis,pipeline network simulation,production consumption forecast,operation optimization,scheduling
optimization etc. functions,concentrates on key points ofproduction,consumption,and recovery of hydrogen andgas systems,has realized the fine control of hydrogenand gas,realized the optimized operation and running
based on the model.

olefin delivery,Low pressure of Maleic anhydride

Aims to the technical problem that it is difficult to

conduction,the turbine working performance has

identify and supervise abnormal low-pressure gas

been improved,creates benefits of 530,400 RMB/

emissions,the project uses big data analysis techniques

year,693,600 RMB/year,and 370,800 RMB/yearsuch as pattern recognition to construct the low-pressure

respectively.

gas abnormal emission recognition model,has realized-168-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）the pattern recognition of low-pressure gas abnormal

potential and improving efficiency in the enterprise.

emission,effectively improved the supervision of

After the implementation of this project,it has reduced

low-pressure gas abnormal emissions,reduced fuelfuel gas consumption accounts for about 1.0% of theconsumption in the refining process. Based on

total fuel gas consumption,saved 350 Nm3/h of fuel gas

the optimization model of the hydrogen devices

resource consumption,and reduced low-pressure gas

and the optimization model of the heating furnace

emissions by 2255 Nm3/h. It effectively improves theoperation,guiding the operation process optimization

refined management of hydrogen resources,reduces thefor production equipment,has improved the operationcompany's hydrogen resource consumption,improves

efficiency of the heating furnace,reduced the loss of

the utilization of hydrogen resources,reduces thehydrogen resources,and reduced the waste hydrogenfluctuation of the hydrogen pipeline network,hasemissions of the hydrogen devices,supports the energy

reduced the hydrogen emission loss by 702 Nm3/h.

conservation and emission reduction and tapping the-169-

BAT8: Waste Heat Recovery from Industrial Waste Water
by Low Vacuum Phase Change Principle

1.Technical principle
The technology of waste heat recovery fromutilization of industrial wastewater heat.

2.Main technical specificationsindustrial waste water by low vacuum phase change

Rated heat 5000kW. unit input power 17.2kW.

principle,flashes medium - high temperaturecondenser heat transfer coefficient ≥1800W/(m2·℃).

waste water,generates negative pressure steam andcondenser slag water side/system water side pressuretransports the vaporized latent heat to the condenser

drop 47.4KPa/60KPa.

to release heat to low-temperature media (such asheating water),realizing heat exchange between

3.Energy conservation effects

industrial wastewater and low-temperature fluids

Using waste heat recovery to replace traditional coal

without wall contact,solves the technical problems

boilers (boiler thermal efficiency is calculated assuch as corrosion,crystallization,scaling and blockage70%),the energy saving rate is above 90%.

of traditional recuperators as well. Multi-stage
continuous flashing heat exchange technology is

4.Application areas

adopted to realize large temperature difference heat

This technology can be applied to industrial waste

exchange,improves heat transfer efficiency,reduces

heat recovery in petrochemical,coal,power,steel,metal

system energy consumption,and maximize thelurgy,textile,papermaking and other industries,supply-170-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）industrial and domestic hot water,or heating buildings.

5.Technical Application CaseA steel company,Ltd. extracts waste heat from blast
furnace slag water as the heat source to provide
heating services for the surrounding area by using
this technology. While the waste heat is recovered,thecirculation temperature of the slag flushing water isreduced,the stability of the blast furnace slag flushingis improved,and utilizes the characteristics of phasechange heat extraction,effectively recovers part ofthe moisture that originally evaporated into the air
environment.
The overall installed capacity of the system is
57.5MW,which meets the heating demand of 170,000 m2 in
the plant and 530,000m2 outside the plant. The project
recovers a total of 1.043 million GJ of waste heat in one
heating season. By using industrial waste heat system
for heating,the annual energy consumption is reduced
by about 50,000 tons of standard coal and the emissionof atmospheric pollutants such as CO 2 and SO 2 bynearly 130,000 tons.

-171-

BAT9: Energy-saving Copper Rotation-floatation Smelting Technology

1.Technical principle

operation rate of the smelting furnace and converting

Energy-saving copper rotation-floatation smelting
technology strengthens the mixing of oxygenenriched gas and material particles through rotation
flow,and at the same time strengthens the secondary

furnace reaches 98% and 97% respectively,thecomprehensive energy consumption of blister copperis 150kgce/t,and the copper matte grade can reach70%.

reaction of peroxide particles and suboxide particles

3.Energy conservation effects

produced by the primary reaction,enhances the heat

Compared with the technology before its

and mass transfer process in the flame zone,ensures

implementation,the natural gas consumption has

sufficient complete reaction. Based on this principle,it

dropped by more than 50%,and the comprehensive

has researched and developed core equipment,suchenergy consumption of blister copper has dropped byas cyclone pulsating nozzles,intelligent production

about 20% compared with the industry average level.

mathematical model,and corresponding computer
online control system to realize intelligent rotation-

4.Application areas

floatation smelting and self-heating smelting

Applicable in the copper smelting industry that uses
copper concentrates as raw materials to produce

2.Main technical specifications

matte.

The material feed rate is increased from 200t/h to 350t/
h,the maximum annual production capacity of a single

5.Technical Application Case

furnace can be increased to 500,000 tons,the heat load of

A copper industry co.,Ltd. build a 400,000-ton copper3

3

the reaction tower is 2600MJ/m ·h~2900MJ/m ·h,and the-172-smelting plant newly,using energy-saving copper

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）rotation-floatation smelting technology - Rotation- floatation smelting and converting process &equipment,which production is stable with highefficiency and significant energy saving effects.
Calculated by annual output of 400,000 tons cathodecopper,the natural gas saving is 57,143kNm 3
annually,equivalents to 76,000 tons of standard
coal,CO 2 emission reduction of 118,560 tons,has
achieved good environmental and social benefits.

-173-

BAT10: Modular Cascade Regenerative Clean Combustion
Coal Gasification Technology

1.Technical principle
Modular cascade regenerative clean combustion
coal gasification technology is a process that uses
crushed coal and pulverized coal as raw materials to
produce coal gas,based on the principle of circulating
fluidized bed gasification. Utilizes the advantages ofsufficient mixing and temperature evenness of thefluidized reactor,adopts 'cascade waste heat recovery'
technology,optimizes the heat exchange step of thegasification system,and the large amount of waste heatof the crude gas is utilized to generate high-temperature
gasification agent to achieve 'high-temperature
combustion supporting',has reduced the irreversible

decomposed by heating,the heavy hydrocarbons aredecomposed more completely,the crude gas contains
no tar,thereby reducing the difficulty of purification.
This technology can also configure the fly ash forced
circulation module and the coupled gasification
module to proceed the secondary utilization of theincompletely converted residual carbon,thereby
achieving an ultra-high carbon conversion rate,and
further improving the cold gas efficiency of thesystem.

2.Main technical specifications
The primary carbon conversion rate is 85%~90%,thep r i m a r y c o l d g a s e ff i c i e n c y i s 7 0 % ~ 8 0 % , t h eloss of the reaction and improved the efficiency ofcomprehensive carbon conversion rate iscold coal gas. In addition,under the condition of higher

95%~99%,the comprehensive cold gas efficiency isreaction temperature,the volatiles of the raw coal are

80%~90%,and the thermal efficiency is ≥90%.

-174-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

3.Energy conservation effects
The traditional fixed-bed gasification process willproduce a large amount of tar that is easy to block
equipment and pipelines,causes difficulties to recycle

recovery and utilization,forced circulation and coupledgasification etc. techniques,but also avoids the black
water creation,gains good environmental benefits.

4.Application areas

the waste heat in the production process,which carbon
conversion rate is only 70%~80%, cold gas efficiency
is only 60%~70%,unconverted carbon and heat loss aredischarged into the environment,causes a lot of energy
waste. This technology not only effectively improves

Applicable in high energy consumption industries suchas building materials,metallurgy,and chemical industry.

5.Technical Application Casethe thermal efficiency and cold coal gas efficiency

Case Iof the system through adopting cascade waste heat

A chemical company has deployed multiple sets of-175-

oxidation furnace,roasting furnace and equipped with

RMB a year,that is calculated by standard coal unit

circulating fluidized bed coal gasification devices in theprice of 600 RMB/ton.

two phases of the project engineering. After the project

Case II

implementation,it can filter fine dust above 0.5μm,theAn aluminum company adopts several sets ofdust collection efficiency reaches 99.99%,which dust

fluidized bed gasification systems,and the DCS

density is less than 10mg/Nm 3,the thermal value iscontrol system is configured to realize the remote

3≥1385kcal/Nm ,the H 2 S concentration is less than3

control of the gasification system,pressurization

50mg/m ,and the carbon conversion rate under normal

system,pneumatic conveying system,desulfurizationpressure is 86%~90%,coal processing capacity (single

system,water treatment system and other major

furnace) reaches 67t/h.

systems,able to perform real-time measurement of

According to calculations,after the transformation ofcoal consumption,water consumption,and power

implementing circulating fluidized bed,it reduces coalconsumption in production.

consumption is equivalent to 30,094 tce of standard

This project has annual clean coal gas output ofcoal,the annual comprehensive energy consumption is1,036.8 million Nm3,which saves 74,221 tce. of coal

reduced by 26,550 tce.

per year compared to traditional fixed-bed water gas

This project has annual clean coal gas output of

furnaces,gains energy saving benefits of 44.53 million

3

1,166.4 million Nm ,which saves 83,498 tce of coal

RMB a year,that is calculated by standard coal unit

per year,compared to traditional fixed-bed water gas

price of 600 RMB/ton.

furnaces,gains energy saving benefits of 50.1 million-176-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Second Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List

China Industrial BP List
Edited by Yingjin Jiang

BP1: Energy Management System Construction Case

China National Heavy-Duty Truck Group Corp.,Ltd.

materials,new equipment,new process and new(hereinafter referred to as: SINOTRUK) has planned andtechnology are adopted to reduce energy consumption.

established an energy management system according

Through continuous verification and optimization

to the characteristics of the enterprise. The energy

of process parameters,SINOTRUK has effectively

management center covers the main production units andreduced energy consumption. In terms of energy

more than 75% of the major energy consumption units. It

conservation in management,each production unit has

has achieved fruitful results in the coordinated promotion

implemented continuous production,partial continuousof energy conservation in management,process,and

production,increased economic batch size,centralized

technical transformations,and has won many

production scheduling,accelerated production

honors at the international,national,provincial,and

cycle,standardized on-site operation and many otherministerial levels,leads the important role of value andenergy conservation ideas in management,SINOTRUK

demonstration.

h a s e x p l o r e d e n e rg y - s a v i n g p o t e n t i a l , i n n o v a t e d

I n t e r m s o f e n e rg y c o n s e r v a t i o n i n p r o c e s s , n e w

energy conservation management,achieved significant-177-performance. In addition,SINOTRUK has also carried

thermal storage,and ground source heat pumps etc.

out electricity DSM,through rational allocation

large-scale technological transformation,gainedof resources and effective control on-peak load tosignificant benefits.

save basic power cost,has increased the utilization

Through the establishment and operation of therate of off-peak electricity,reduced the unit price ofe n e rg y m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m , S I N O T R U K h a selectricity to realize power conservation,rational

established a long-term mechanism,significantly

use,plan use,and smart use of power,has gained

improved the awareness of energy conservation.

economic benefits of more than 30 million RMB

The annual reduction in comprehensive energy

annually. In terms of energy conservation in technicalconsumption of vehicle set has exceeded 5%,whichtransformation,SINOTRUK has implemented air

has strongly promoted the sustainable development ofcompressor waste heat utilization,chilled-water

the company.

-178-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP2: Energy-saving Practical Pase Through Centralized Management
and Control by Yanggu Xiangguang Copper

Yanggu Xiangguang Copper Co.,Ltd. (hereinafter

construction,which makes the sufficient combinationr e f e r r e d t o a s : Ya n g g u X i a n g g u a n g C o p p e r )of energy management system and the energy

according to its enterprise characteristics: To achieve

control center. Thus,has established a moderns y s t e m i z a t i o n o f e n e rg y m a n a g e m e n t w i t h t h e

e n e rg y m a n a g e m e n t m o d e , i n t e g r a t e s o n l i n eestablishment and operation of the energy management

process monitoring,energy scheduling,and energy

system as the core. to achieve flat energy management

management as a whole,has realized centralizedwith the construction of an energy management andand flat energy management based on real andcontrol center as the tool. to train energy management

accurate energy measurement data. The enterprisemasters as a starting point to develop a high-quality

has set up energy management positions,recruitedenergy management team. This project has laid aenergy management leaders,and carried out training

solid foundation for energy conservation,improvedon laws,regulations and professional knowledge

the level of energy management,and achieved af o r e n e rg y m a n a g e m e n t l e a d e r s a n d r e l a t e dgood demonstration effect on the construction of apersonnel,has improved their awareness of energy

centralized energy management and control system inconservation and environmental protection.

the non-ferrous metal industry.

Benefiting from systematic energy

Ya n g g u X i a n g g u a n g C o p p e r h a s o r g a n i c a l l y

m a n a g e m e n t , Ya n g g u X i a n g g u a n g C o p p e r

integrated the construction of hardware facilities

has achieved a reduction of 112.69 Kgce/t ofand the corresponding energy management

cathode copper energy consumption per ton ofsystem,realized synchronous planning and synchronous

product,energy saving rate of 6.1%,unit energy-179-saving cost of 3,200 RMB per ton of standardof 256,500 tce.,equivalent to annual CO 2 emissioncoal,realized annual energy saving of 25,900 tce..

reduction 400,000 tons. In 2019,the output of copper

Through the promotion of energy management

cathode was 2.15 million tons and the annual energy

mode,in 2018,the output of copper cathode hassaving of 408,500 tce.,equivalent to annual CO 2

achieved 1.35 million tons,the annual energy saving

emission reduction 640,000 tons.

-180-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP3: Shagang Group 2500kW Dust Exhausting Fan Energy-saving
Reconstruction Project

The power saving rate of the winding type permanent

replaced at the original place,without adding space andmagnet coupling governor system is obviously better

foundation rework,without adding cooling facilities

than that of the traditional hydraulic coupling,variable

such as oil cooling or water cooling. After replacing

frequency and eddy current permanent magnet

the original variable speed hydraulic coupling with thegovernor technology,which is at the international

winding type permanent magnet coupling governor,theleading level among similar products,has provided asystem has no hydraulic oil loss issue,high reliability,canbrand-new technical option for power saving of motor

isolate vibration and noise effectively,reduces impact

governor,which can be widely used to improve energy

load damage of all equipment in the entire transmission

saving and transmission efficiency of motor in various

chain,and low maintenance cost.

industries,can significantly improve the efficiency ofIn this practical case,according to the on-site measurement

motor system,has a relatively broad market prospect.

by Jiangsu Shagang Group,under the working condition

In Jiangsu Shagang Group,EAF Steel Plant has adopted

of 645 rpm/min. of the dust removal fan,the power saving

winding type permanent magnet coupling governor

rate is 41%,annual power saving of the project is 4.305

technology to perform the technical transformation for the

million kWh.

2500kW secondary dust removal fan in No.2 workshop.
Aims to the actual situations of the original fans,such aslarge vibration,oil leakage,many mechanical troubles,long
response time of speed control,low accuracy,and small
range of speed control etc.,formulated a corresponding
technical schemes and energy-saving evaluation for
the transformation. When implementing the onsite
transformation,the hydraulic coupling was directly-181-BP4: Energy-saving Transformation of Permanent Magnet Eddy Current
Flexible Transmission Energy-saving Device for Dust Removal Fan

Dust removal fan is a major power consumer amongsaving of the hydraulic coupler,and the safety of the

all the auxiliary facilities in steel plants,which directly

equipment has also been improved effectively.

affects the economic benefits of steel companies.

This project is the first application of permanentThis practice case uses permanent magnet eddy

magnet eddy current flexible transmission energy-

current flexible transmission energy-saving device tosaving device in high-power equipment (3500kW).

replace hydraulic coupler,carries out energy-saving

According to measurement and calculation,the energy

transformation to the blast furnace primary dust

saving rate of this project in 2018 and 2019 reaches

removal fan,which further taps the energy-saving

31.3% in average.

potential and fills the gap in the application of highpower permanent magnet transmission technology athome and abroad.
Jiangxi Xinyu Iron and Steel Co.,Ltd. has upgraded theprimary dust removal fan of the blast furnace that usedhydraulic coupling originally for energy-saving speed
regulation. The minimum speed of the fan has been
reduced from 600rpm to 300rpm,the power saving rate
has been increased by 45% more based on the energy-182-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP5: Application of Energy-saving Optimization Technology
in Compressed Air System

There are only 60% of the energy consumption isconsuming air compressors,and invented andvalid utilized for production,and the remain 40% of

developed corresponding devices. Throughthe energy is consumed loss when the compressed air

efficient,intelligent,regulated and standardized

is used in industry. Through air compressor system

configuration design,optimizing the stationenergy-saving optimization technology,including

layout,replacing inefficient equipment,stabilizing

air compressor energy-saving,air-compression pipe

output pressure,improving purification

network energy-saving management and control

q u a l i t y, p r o m o t i n g g r e e n a n d l o w - c a r b o nsystem,dedicated terminal energy-saving management

concept,reducing operating costs,to realize a newand control system,etc.,improves the utilization

type of air compressor station for intelligent energy

efficiency of air compressors,increases power

consuming. The construction of the air compressor

efficiency,and improves the automation management

station adopts BOO operation mode,the investme

level of enterprise. The energy-saving benefits

nt,construction,operation and maintenance of the

produced by this technology are far greater than the

air compressor station are all undertaken by thebenefits of general energy-saving equipment,which

company.

has huge social and economic benefits.

The application of energy-saving optimization

B e i j i n g A i s u o E n e r g y Te c h n o l o g y C o . , L t d .

technology in compressed air system provides an

has carried out innovative work from energy-

overall energy-saving solution for compressed

consuming equipment to energy-saving calculation

air system from the power source to the terminal

and diagnosis of the entire system of energy-

gas using equipment. The energy-saving rate can-183-reach 30%,and the investment return period isimplemented of this technology have saved 163,100

about 2 years. It has been implemented in more

tons of standard coal in 2018 and 165,200 tons ofthan 50 enterprises successfully. The projects thatstandard coal in 2019.

-184-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP6: A Case of Energy Management System Construction
in Beijing Capital Airport

Beijing Capital International Airport Co.,Ltd.

operation scheme,has provided effective refined(hereinafter referred to as the Capital Airport),as

management tools to achieve energy conservationt h e ' F i r s t C o u n t r y G a t e ' , i s a l s o a k e y e n e rg y -targets,and effectively improves energy efficiency.

consuming unit in Beijing. Capital Airport follows

According to the characteristics of the aviation

the systematic management of 'Plan-Do-Check-i n d u s t r y, r e l y i n g o n t h e e n e r g y m a n a g e m e n t

Act/Improvement',strives to implement every

system,implements refined management of the terminali m p o r t a n t s e c t i o n o f e n e rg y m a n a g e m e n t i n t olighting system,formulates the special operation plan

practice,continuously reducing energy consumption andfor the baggage system,control the operation modes

improving energy efficiency. Capital Airport is the firstaccording to different seasons and environmental

domestic enterprise in the airport industry that owns

conditions,adjusts the air conditioning operation

the energy management system certification,whose

mode,has realized continuous energy consumption

management concept provides a demonstration to

reduction. Uses market-oriented energy conservation

improve energy efficiency in the airport industry.

mechanisms and business models,gives full play

The Capital Airport regards the construction of theto the expertise of professional institutions,adopts

energy management system as the foundation and core

contract energy management mechanisms,builds

of energy conservation,strictly implements energy

photovoltaic power generation,carries out clean energy

conservation operations,continuously optimizes theutilization,promotes bridge-mounted power supplies-185-

and other measures to significantly reduce energy

up awards named 'Double increase and Double reduce'

consumption. Capital Airport splits the overall targets

to commend departments and individuals who haveof energy consumption and emission reduction to

performed outstanding energy conservation and madeeach department,links to departmental KPIs,and set

important contributions.

-186-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP7: Energy-saving Transformation of Textiles Wastewater Treatment
and Recovery of Waste Heat from Waste Gas of Setting Machines

Hutai (Panyu) Textile Printing and Dyeing Co.,Ltd.

recovery from the setting machine,improves the stability(hereinafter referred to as Hutai Textile) attaches greatof equipment operation,optimizes the operation of theimportance to technological innovation and energy

overall system,improves efficiency,reduces operationconservation & environmental protection,vigorously

costs,and has achieved the targets that combining energy

promotes clean production in the enterprise. Throughconservation and environmental protection.

implementing energy-saving transformation in theThis practical case enables Pacific Textiles to realize

treatment process of wastewater of printing andpower saving 525,600 kWh,chemical dosage cost saving

dyeing and waste gas of setting machines,it has

9.75 million RMB,and 384,000 RMB in labor costs.

effectively realized refined operation and intensive

The total annual energy saving reaches 10,800 tons ofmanagement,provides a good demonstration case forstandard coal,the comprehensive energy consumptionenergy conservation and environmental protection in the

per unit product is 973.8kgce/t and 1097.5kgce/t in 2018

textile printing and dyeing industry.

and 2019 respectively,keeps the advanced level in the

H u t a i Te x t i l e m o n i t o r s t e x t i l e w a s t e w a t e r a n dindustry.

waste gas treatment in real time,realizes on line
collection,transmission and analysis of the key
parameters of waste water's physical and chemicaltreatment,biochemical treatment,deep level treatment
and waste gas pretreatment,etc.,adopts corresponding
measures through automatic dosing,precise
aeration,automation transformation and waste gas heat-187-

BP8: Shengli Oilfield Branch Dong Sanlian Regional Integration
Energy Efficiency Improvement Project

In response to the national energy conservation

optimization technique,etc.,the fluid volume

and emission reduction policy,Shengli Oilfield

was reduced by 2,500 m 3/ day,and the combined

B r a n c h h a s i m p l e m e n t e d S i n o p e c ’s ' E n e r g ystation processing fluid volume was reduced by

Efficiency Doubling' plan. In Dong Sanlian region

2,500 m 3/ day,reduce the water injection volume

of Gudong Oil Production Plant,in accordanceby 2,300 m 3/ day. In terms of technology,throughwith the integrated energy efficiency improvement

the technical application of integrated powerc o n c e p t o f ' u n d e r g r o u n d p r i o r i t y, w e l l b o r e

reduction,high- percolation sand control,oil welloptimization,and onground support',has analyzed oilreal-time monitoring and auto-diagnosis,large-

reservoirs,Process,gathering and transportation,water

displacement tubular pump lifting,energy-saving

injection and other oilfield development nodes,defined

motors and other techniques,reduces the motor

the factors that affect the energy using of thec a p a c i t y b y 7 9 3 k W, s i n g l e w e l l d a i l y p o w e r

system,innovated and integrated15energy-savingsaving is 26.7 kWh in average. In terms of watertechnologies,realized the balance of oil reservoir

injection,through implementing step pump

fluid production,improved the system efficiency,andcombination,pipeline descaling,and eccentric side

reduced the energy consumption.

adjustment integration etc. techniques,optimizes

In terms of oil reservoirs,through the comprehensive

production-fluid water injection structure,the water

application of numerical simulation analysis andinjection volume is reduced by 2,300 m 3/day,theresearch technology,well pattern adjustment turning tounit consumption of water injection is reduced

streamline technique,injection-production parameterby 0.07 kWh/ton,Pipeline descaling pressure loss

-188-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）is reduced by 0.84 MPa in average. In terms ofarea,the comprehensive water cut has dropped bygathering and transportation,through the applications

0.3%,the cumulative oil increase is 62,000 tons,theof electromagnetic coalescence water separation,backcumulative power saving is 17.6153 million kWh,thepressure reduction,automatic oil-water contact

fuel oil and gas saving equivalent to 2525.29 tons ofcontrol,and fzq etc.,the back pressure of oil wells is

standard coal,the cumulative energy saving is 4790.46

reduced by 0.2 MPa,the heating load is reduced bytons of standard coal,gains energy saving benefit of2030 kW.

14.9308 million RMB.

As of the end of 2019,in the project implementation-189-

BP9: Low Temperature Waste Heat Power Generation Technology
Case for 2# S-zorb Unit in Yanshan Refinery

SINOPEC Yanshan Petrochemical Company's newly-

the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system,transfers

built S-Zorb device waste heat comprehensive

the heat to the circulating working fluid (R245fa) in

utilization system is the first set of devices established

the ORC system,and then connect to the air coolingby Sinopec Corporation to recover low-temperaturedevice after the temperature of bottom gasoline isheat of gasoline products and connect to the grid for

reduced to 70°C. The working fluid (R245fa) steam

power generation. The designed capacity of the wastefrom the evaporator enters the screw expander toheat comprehensive utilization system is 650KW,theperform work and drives the generator to generate

designed annual operating time is 8,400 hours.

power. The exhausted steam of the working fluid

In the S-Zorb device,the gasoline temperature at(R245fa) after working enters the condenser,which

the bottom of the tower is relatively high,about

is cooled and condensed by the air cooler. The

130°C~150°C,while the required temperature ofcondensed R245fa circulates again in the system after

the gasoline that exits the device into the storage

boosting by the working fluid pump. According totank is about 50°C. If adopts air cooling andproject measurements,the output power of the unit iswater cooling,this part of the low temperature

about 677kW,the net power generation of the unit isheat is not effectively utilized. In this energy-

about 535kW,which can meet about 50% of the totalsaving transformation,the bottom oil out form thepower load of the device.

stabilization tower directly enters the evaporator of

By this practice case,it has annual saving 1.68

-190-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）million tons of standard coal,the energy consumptionof the device is reduced by about 5%,and the project
return period is 5 years. In 2018 and 2019,the annual
generating capacity of the unit is 5,252,735kW and
5,602,917kW,equivalent to 625kW and 667kW perhour that matches the design targets. This practice casecan be promoted to other domestic S-Zorb devices,andthe waste heat utilization technology that adopted inthis practice can be further promoted and applied toreforming units and diesel hydrogenation units thathave the similar low-temperature waste heat resourcesin the petrochemical industry.

-191-

BP10: Large Temperature Difference Cogeneration
Heating Technology

Shanxi Datang International Yungang Thermal Powerthe return water temperature of the heating network in

Co.,Ltd. relies on the urban central heating project of

the heating area is decreased from 65°C to 39°C,the

Datong City,utilizes absorption heat pump technology

temperature difference between the supply and return

to form a large temperature difference in the primarywater of the primary network is increased frompipe network,recovers the waste heat of the turbine

55°C to 76°C,the heat transfer capacity of the pipe

exhaust steam at the heat source end,which serves the

network is increased by 38%. In the first station ofurban central heating,solves the serious problem of heat

heating network,a series-parallel combination mode

sources shortage,reduces the total energy consumption

is adopted in the heating system process. Throughof cogeneration. This practice has explored an effective

the three-stage,series connected pre-heat exchanger

way to solve the contradiction problem that the urban- parallel connected absorption heat pump - thecentral heating main network cannot meet the needs

peak heater,heating the circulating water in theof urban development,has a good significance for

network,which makes the energy grades more matchedpromotion and prospect for application.

between the return water of low temperature heating

There are multiple heat sources and urban heating

network and the waste heat of low temperature exhaust

networks in Datong City,according to this actual

steam. So that,the two units of the same model form

situation,the hydraulic conditions model of the pipe

different high and low operating back pressures,which

network has been established for the first time,hasreduces the average operating back pressure of the two

defined the layout plan of the absorption heat pumpunits,reduces the disadvantaged effects in the initial

for the heating station of the secondary network,andand end cold periods on the power generation,improves-192-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）the energy efficiency of the system and the safety of thesaving by 222,200 tons of standard coal compared with

air cooling island,reduces the irreversible loss of heat

which before the project implementation. in 2019,the heattransferring.

supplying has increased by 6,879,600 GJ and the energy

Through the implementation of the project,there are2

9 million m heating area added. In 2018,the heatsaving by 227,400 tons of standard coal compared withwhich before the project implementation.

supplying has increased by 5,415,900 GJ,and energy-193-

Second Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List

China Building BAT List
Edited by Yingjin Jiang

BAT1: Intelligent District Heating Platform with Monitoring andOperation Optimization Technology in Heating System

1.Technical principle

indicators,energy consumption indicators,etc.,simulate
and predict the operation and development trend ofIntelligent heating network monitoring and operation

the heating system,and give early warning to optimize

optimization technology,through the integration ofheating network dispatch,improve the operation andInternet of Things (IoT),Internet,cloud computing andmanagement level of thermal power enterprises andautomatic control related technologies,build an intelligent

the safety and reliability level of heating systems.

heating management platform to realize centralized

Combining big data and artificial intelligence (AI)monitoring and heat measurement of the entire heating

technology to realize the control and optimization

system from heat sources,heating stations,pipe networks

based on the user's indoor temperature,finally achieve

to heat users,and using the built-in analysis model

the energy conservation of heat source,the operation

to automatically analyze historical data,summarize

safety of heating network and supplying comfortable

the heating operation rules,economic flux,thermal

heating to heat users.

-194-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

2.Main technical specifications
The upper limit of the cluster monitoring capability
is greater than 1 million resident users. The algorithm
is able to conclude the characteristics of the heating
pipe network based on the accumulated heating system
operation data,pipe network data,and heat users'operation
data,combining the meteorological parameters and in-door
temperature requirements,is able to predict the future 72
hours’ heat load.

technology,implemented direct connection water mixing
transformation,and build an intelligent heating network
monitoring center to solve the problem of primary
network hydraulic imbalance. aim to the 6 heating
stations with poor heating efficiency,implemented
buildings’ balance reconstruction,and in-door temperaturemonitoring to typical users in parallel.
After the transformation,the consumption of water,heatand power all dropped significantly compared with thesame period,of which heat was saved by 14.76%,power

3.Energy conservation effects

was saved by 14.76%,and water consumption was

After adopting the intelligent heating network

saved by 40.42%. There were total 12.64 million RMB

management platform,the heating energy consumption

operation costs saving from the above 3 indicators,has

in northern China urban areas will be reduced by about

improved the heating capacity of the heating pipe

0.04GJ/(m2·a),the average energy saving rate is 9%~15%.

network,solved the problem of new users accessing

4.Application areas

the network,and increased the revenue of new users in
network.

This technology can be widely used in cogeneration

Case II

central heating systems and district boiler central heating

The heating period undertaken by a heating supply

systems.

company is about 150 days from November to

5.Technology Application Case

April,which heating area is nearly 15 million square
meters,110 heat exchange stations in total. The average

Case I

temperature in this district in January is -15.2℃,and

A power generation plant,which original heating network

the extreme temperature can be as low as -41.5℃.

had maximum heating capacity was 1.37 million square

The heating network covers a large area,the wide

meters,could not meet the heating demand,and the heating

implementation area,accurate data transmission andnetwork was a large-scale direct supply network,wascompletion of data monitoring at the same time are alldifficult to adjust the water conditions,resulting in poordifficult problems for the project. The heating supply

heating quality for end users. Moreover,the powercompany has two heat sources,the No. 1 heat source

consumption of the mixing pump and relay pump in its

plant has 4 pcs 70MW gas boilers,and the No. 2 heat

heat exchange core station was relatively high. In order tosource plant has 6 pcs 70MW gas boilers. After themeet the development needs of heating load,the originalreformation,there is one large-scale IDH intelligent

heating pipe network has been reformed by intelligent

heating network dispatch center was established,more

heating network monitoring and operation optimization

than 500 public building heat metering and control-195-

systems were built,and 110 heat exchange stations
realized Distributed Variable-frequency self-service
energy-saving control,reduced water consumption andgas consumption effectively. The project has realized aremote automatic self-service operation mode,energysaving rate is about 15%.

-196-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT2: Key Technologies of Centrifugal Units Based on Temperatureand Humidity Independent Control System

1.Technical Principle
Te m p e r a t u r e a n d H u m i d i t y I n d e p e n d e n t C o n t r o lTechnologies of Centrifugal Units can process the heat andmoisture load separately,so that the cooling water supply
temperature of sensible heat system can be increased
from 7℃ in conventional condensation dehumidification
air conditioning system to 16℃-18℃,improves the unit
efficiency. In view of the cooling and oil return problems
caused by the higher outlet water temperature,the 'small
compression ratio' centrifugal refrigeration compressor
adopts the new 'micro differential pressure' automaticoil return technology and the cooling technology thatcombines the orifice plate and the electronic expansion

valve to meet the requirements of high temperature
operation conditions and improve the efficiency of thecompressor. The new high-efficiency water chiller which
was developed based on the above technology causes thehigher water supply temperature than indoor dew pointtemperature,has no risk of condensation,achieves efficientand reliable operation under the higher temperature
conditions.

2.Main technical specifications
This technology keeps the chilled water outlet temperaturefrom 16°C to 18°C,independently takes the sensible heatload. The COP (Coefficient Of Performance) reaches 8.6
with outlet water at 16°C and COP reaches 9.1 with outlet
water at 18°C,which comprehensive performance reaches
the international leading level.

3.Energy conservation effects
Compared with traditional centrifuges with the same
cooling capacity,the energy efficiency of this technology
at different outlet water temperatures is increased byabout 30% in average,and the energy saving rate reaches
more than 20%.

-197-

4.Application Areas
This technology can be applied to air-conditioning systems
in large-scale public buildings and data centers,effectively
reducing energy consumption,and contributes to thesustainable development of air-conditioning systems inpublic buildings.

5.Technology Application Case
Case IWu h a n Ti a n h e A i r p o r t T 3 h a s c o m p l e x e x t e r i o rshape and complex indoor space structure,which has
design characteristics with the streamlined integrated
roof,significant shading by the building itself,and a large
space connected vertically. The building air conditioningof this system,the unit technically design the 'small
compression ratio' variable frequency pneumatic forthe 16℃-18℃ water outlet condition,which improves
the operating performance of the conventional fixed
frequency unit in the medium temperature condition by
25%.
The air-conditioning area of the independent temperatureand humidity control system for this project is nearly
140,000 square meters,accounting for 35% of the total airconditioning area. The operating COP under the design
conditions of the unit reaches 8.45,and the total annual
electricity cost is 1.2468 million RMB,compare with thefixed-frequency unit,it saves 549,600 kWh per year,andthe energy saving rate reaches 30.6%.

loads include indoor sensible heat load,indoor latent
heat load,and fresh air sensible heat load and fresh airlatent heat load. The large spaces such as internationalterminal,domestic entry and exit passages,and corridors
have been designed and simulated to adopt the combined
temperature and humidity independent control air
conditioning system of 'fresh air humidity control+ capillary tube + floor convection + full air'. The
centralized cooling and heating source system undertakes
the most of the indoor cooling sensible heat load of air
conditioning in summer and all indoor sensible heatload of air conditioning in winter. The water system

Case II

adopts a distributed pump variable flow and two-pipe

China Mobile International Information Port,Phase II

remote system in order to reduce the transmission power

IDC data-control room project has long-term construction

consumption of the water pump as much as possible

scale of 1.3 million square meters,and the short-while ensuring the normal operation of the system. The

term construction scale is about 0.41 million squarecooling source of the system adopts 3 pcs of high-outlet

meters,including R&D center,data center,call center andtemperature centrifugal chillers,which single coolingacademic exchange center,which final target number ofcapacity is 3,516kW and the cooling capacity of air

the air conditioning units is about 2000.

conditioning units is 10,548kW. According to the needs

The buildings adopt apartment-style modular design,the-198-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）structural safety level is level 1,the fire resistance andoutlet water temperature centrifuges,as for the coolingroof waterproof level is level 1,and the air conditioning

and oil return problems caused by the higher outlet

system adopts the N+1 redundancy mode. Base on thewater temperature,the unit adopts a 'small compression

characteristics of high heat generation and low moisture

ratio'centrifugal refrigeration compressor,a new typedissipation of the air conditioning load in large scaleof "micro differential pressure" automatic oil returndata centers,and the high precision requirements of thetechnology and the cooling technology that combines

cooling temperature and humidity control of the computerthe orifice plate and the electronic expansion valve,soroom,this project adopts an independent temperature andas to meet the requirements of high temperaturehumidity control air conditioning system. The system

operation conditions and improve the efficiency of theseparately processes the heating load and the moisturecompressor.

load,so that the cooling water supply temperature

The units of this project were installed inof the sensible heat system is increased from 7℃ in

2016,the operating COP has reached 7.60 under

the conventional condensing dehumidification air-design conditions. Compare with the traditional

conditioning system to 14℃ ,efficiently utilize the energy

centrifuges,which energy efficiency has improved

saving potentiality generated by the higher outlet water

20%,has achieved significant energy-saving effects.

temperature and has improved the unit efficiency. The
cooling source of the system adopts two 3516kW high-199-

BAT3: Treatment Process of the Prefabricated Directly
Buried Thermal Insulating Pipes

1.Technical principle

2.Main technical specifications

Treatment process of the prefabricated directly buried

The thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation

thermal insulating pipes is to adopt the cyclopentane

layer <0.029W/(m·K),the density >60kg/m 3 ,thefoaming agent with ODP of 0 and GWP <25,throughcompressive stress >0.35MPa,the average cell size

high-pressure foaming equipment and spraying<0.5mm,and the service life >30 years under theequipment ,spray rigid polyurethane on the surface ofcondition of continuous operation at 120°C.

the steel pipe to form an insulation layer after steel pipe
quality inspection,shot blast cleaning and temperature

3.Energy conservation effects

increasing control,and then,spray the special bonding

The heat loss is reduced by more than 30% in thematerial on the surface of the insulation layer

heating pipe network,the energy consumption

through the bonding device and bonding process,andis reduced by more than 3% compared with thefinally,wind the HDPE (High Density Polyethylene)

traditional thermal insulation pipe.

sheet materials on the surface of the thermal insulation
layer to form an outer protective layer by extruder

4.Application areas

equipment,winding device and guiding process,andThis technology is applicable for pipeline networks

simultaneously,pass through the cooling device and thethat transport liquid and gas media,including

circulation process,which is once cooled to form thecentral heating,district cooling,petroleum andprefabricated directly buried thermal insulating pipe

petrochemical,marine ships and other urban operations

with integrally strengthened and stable structure.

and industrial production areas.

-200-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

5.Technical Application Case
Before the energy-saving transformation,the heating pipe
network DN800 of a heating company in a certain groupprovided heat of 4,583,797 GJ,the heat loss of the watersupply pipe network was 484,103 GJ,the heat loss of the
return water pipe network was 434,461 GJ,and the totalheat loss of the pipe network was 868,561 GJ,the average
efficiency of the heating pipe network was 81.05%.
After the prefabricated directly buried thermal insulating
pipe is used to renovate the DN800 double-circuit heating
pipeline of about 5 kilometers,the average efficiencyof the heating pipeline is 89.41%,the energy saving
is 383,205 GJ,which is equivalent to 13,074 tons ofstandard coal,and the energy saving benefit is 4.57 million
RMB,the energy saving rate is 44.12%,and the return
period is about 3.1 years.

-201-

BAT4: Integrated Low-nitrogen Combustion Condensing Technology
Based on New Type of Heat Transfer Structure

1.Technical principle
The integrated low-nitrogen combustion and condensing
technology based on new heat transfer structure
integrates the four core technologies,such as fluegas side enhanced heat transfer technology,heating
surface self-cleaning technology,condensed water anticorrosion technology and low-nitrogen furnace bodystructure design technology,with the characteristics ofstable,efficient,energy conservation and environmental

is 106.7%,and the minimum load thermal efficiency is
109.5%. when return water at 40°C,the full load thermal
efficiency is 102.2%,and the minimum load thermal
efficiency is 105.1%. when return water at 50°C,thefull load thermal efficiency is 98.5%,and the minimum
load thermal efficiency is 100.5%. The nitrogen oxide
emissions by using this technology are reduced by about
40% compared to conventional emissions by using
diffusion burners.

protection. Based on the principle of maximizing energy

3.Energy conservation effects

utilization,the pipeline network system is optimized forThis technology can recover about 8% of the sensible

low loss to achieve the maximum energy saving of theheat and 10% of the latent heat of flue gas,which issystem. Adopting a three-in-one intelligent heating control

more efficient than the existing domestic condensing gas

system,combining cloud,big data collection and intelligent

boilers,can save energy more than 15% compared withanalysis,mastering system operating data,making

the normal gas boilers.

optimization and upgrade recommendations to ensure thecontinuous and efficient operation of the system.

2.Main technical specifications
When return water at 30°C,the full load thermal efficiency-202-

4.Application areas
Applicable for the buildings of natural gas
heating,includes heating and hot water supply for civil
buildings (office buildings,commercial buildings,publicTop Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）buildings in the fields of science,education,culture andCase II

health,and residential buildings) and industrial buildings.

Before the transformation in a certain university,coal-fired
boilers were used for heating. During the transformation

5.Technical Application Case

process,it adopts the integrated low-nitrogen combustion

Case Iand condensing technology,has equipped 4 pcs of

Before 'coal-to-gas' project implementation in a certain

condensing gas boilers,which single heating capacity

village,decentralized coal-fired boilers were used foris 2.8MW,an intelligent control system is added toheating mainly. Under the national policy of the "coal-intelligently control the boiler heating system,and the

to-gas" guidance,the heating method of the village

heating area reaches 161,000 square meters. By testing

has transformed,including pipe network laying,boiler

and measuring,the average water supply temperature of

installation,800kW transformer installation,construction

boiler is between 55℃~65℃,the average return waterof water wells with continuous water output of 70 m

3temperature is between 30℃~40℃,the average boiler

per hour,the laying of DN500 medium pressure natural

efficiency is about 105%. In this practice,the energy

gas pipelines,the installation of gas pressure regulator

saving of each heating season is 404.8 tons of standard

box,the optimization of the heating pipe network,as wellcoal and 654.7 tons of CO2 emissions reduction.

as adding an intelligent control system for boiler heating
system intelligent control,which heating area reaches
800,000 square meters. This project uses a condensing
gas boiler,single heating capacity of 7MW,efficiently
utilize the latent heat of vaporization of the steam in fluegas. By testing and measuring,within the output range of
30%~100% of the boiler,the average thermal efficiency
is 97%~105%,has significant energy saving effects. In
this practice,the energy saving of each heating season is1641.7 tons of standard coal,2655.3 tons of CO2 emission
reduction,and the NOx emission is less than 15mg/m3 thatis less than the national standard of 30mg/m3.

-203-

BAT5: Skid-mounted Heat Exchange Station Technology Basedon All-welded High-efficiency Heat Exchanger

1.Technical principle
The skid-mounted heat exchange station technology basedon all-welded high-efficiency heat exchanger is based on
the theory of heat transfer,process control,and numericalcalculation methods,and integrates all-welded highefficiency plate shell type of heat exchangers,intelligent
water treatment equipment,intelligent electrical control
Equipment,intelligent operation monitoring equipment andother techniques,completes a new generation of 'new highefficiency energy-saving intelligent heat transfer station'with functions of 'simulation','data modeling',and 'mobile

water supplementary inlet,and the sewage outlet aredesigned on one side,to facilitate on-site construction andinstallation easily. Adopting advanced heat preservation
technology,the entire heat exchange station can be placed
outdoors to realize safe and stable operation.

2.Main technical specifications
Compared with traditional detachable heat exchanger,theutilization rate of the heat exchange plate is increased bymore than 30%,the specific pressure drop ΔP is reduced
to 40,and the heat exchange efficiency reaches 97%.

Internet' to realize online monitoring of the operation of

3.Energy conservation effects

the heat transfer station and the optimization of heating

Besides of land space saving of the heat exchanger andsystem's full-condition operation,proceed second time

reducing the operation and maintenance man-hours etc.

utilization of the low-grade heat (the low-temperature
return water of the primary heating network),and thecascade utilization of energy. It also integrates water
treatment devices,circulating water pumps,supplementarywater pumps and other driving devices,control systems
etc. equipment,has the characteristics of high heatexchange efficiency,less land occupation,high temperatureand pressure resistance etc. The inlet and outlet on the
primary side,the inlet and outlet on the secondary side,the-204-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）advantages,the average energy saving rate of each heatstation,energy saving is increased by 30%,land space is

exchanger is increased by 5%~11%.

saved by 70%,comprehensive investment is saved by

4.Application areas
It is applicable for the heat exchanger stations of thecentral heating system in cities and towns.

5.Technical Application Case
Case I
There are two communities of a thermal power group
have realized the functions of primary return water’s
secondary utilization and climate compensation,timeand temperature division by adopting all-welded highefficiency heat exchanger in skid-mounted heat exchange
station. At the same time,it integrates modern intelligent
control and mobile communication technologies toachieve online monitoring,has achieved the effects ofbalanced heating,rational use of heating,and supplying
on demand,ensures the heating safety. The heating areaof the two heat exchange stations totally reaches 360,000
square meters. After two new high-efficiency and energysaving intelligent heat exchange stations are used fortransformation,the energy saving rate is estimated to be
13.3%,the cost saving in one heating season is about 1.6
million RMB,and the investment return period is about

30%,and operating cost is saved by 80%.
Case II
The heating supply area of the heat exchange station ofa heating supply company is 45767 square meters,has
no change before and after the transformation. This
project adopts a skid-mounted heat exchange station
with all-welded high-efficiency heat exchangers to
replace the original plate heat exchange system,by using
high-efficiency heat exchangers,frequency variable
control,climate compensation,time and temperaturedivision,PID control,intelligent water treatment
devices,etc. techniques,by operation parameters
setting,operation frequency controlling of the water
pump,the opening of the electric control valve of the
primary network,etc. operations,realized water flow
adjustment, has achieved the purpose to reduce energy
consumption under the pre-conditions of ensuring user's
indoor temperature meets the relevant regulations. Afterthe transformation,the skid-mounted heat exchange stationof the fully welded high-efficiency heat exchanger has an
overall energy saving rate of 24.03% compared with theoriginal heat exchange system.

2.5 years. Compared with the traditional heat exchanger-205-

BAT6: Energy-saving Synthetic Resin Curtain Wall Decoration
System Technology

1.Technical principle
Energy-saving synthetic resin curtain wall decoration
system technology is based on inorganic modified
polymer technology,with oily organic resin or highpolymer as the main body,through biomimetic chemical
synthesis technology,grafting or inlaid inorganic
functional groups,forming an inorganic modified polymer
that combines inorganic and organic as a integration.
synthetic resin is used as the main bonding material,mixed
with pigments,fillers and additives to prepare various
coating materials such as putty,and painted in layers on
the building wall to form a building decoration layer withthe appearance of a curtain wall,to realize the replacementof traditional decorative building materials such asaluminum-plastic panels,stone and ceramics. The wholesystem adopts hydrogen bond association reaction,and
can have a certain penetration function on cement-based

2.Main technical specifications
The solar reflectance of reflective heat insulation
products reaches above 0.85,the hemisphericalreflectance is above 0.88,and the thermal conductivityof the thermal insulation decoration material is 0.018w/(m·k).

3.Energy conservation effects
It achieves 65% energy saving rate when the productis applied to the reflective insulation in South China.
achieves 75% energy saving rate when applied to theprefabricated thermal insulation decoration in the
Northeast. achieves 75% energy saving rate whenapplied to the reflective insulation + thermal insulation
decoration in other areas.

4.Application areas
It is mainly applicable to the fields of public building

materials,thereby forming an organic whole,realizing

energy conservation,such as office buildings,commercial

energy conservation and environmental protection in its

buildings,tourism buildings,buildings inwhole life cycle from production,installation,applying toscience,education,culture and public health area,andrenovation.

transportation buildings.

-206-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

5.Technical Application Caseresin curtain wall decoration system has achieved manytechnical advantages such as energy saving,environmental

Case I

protection,simple installation,safety and reliability,long

The exterior wall decoration project of a surgicallifecycle,recycling,light weight,and rich colors. This

inpatient building in a certain hospital utilizes

project has building area of 20,000 square meters.

energy-saving synthetic resin curtain wall decoration

Through using energy-saving synthetic resin curtain

system technology,adopts liquid ceramics to replace

wall liquid ceramics,can reduce the energy consumption

traditional ceramic tiles and other building decorationof traditional ceramic tile production and installationmaterials,creates the decorative effect of traditional

processes,which has saved 160.4 tons of standard coal.

ceramic tile curtain walls. This project meets therequirements of cost saving and 'Four conservations
and One environment',fulfill the appearance effects
requirements as well. At the same time,the systemsurface layer is compounded with reflective heatinsulation and photocatalytic self-cleaning material
technology. Through the reflective heat insulationmaterial technology,the heat gain of the building iseffectively reduced,avoiding the high cost of traditional
thermal insulation technology and the problem thatthe indoor heat cannot be dissipated due to thermal
insulation. Through the photocatalytic self-cleaningmaterial technology,the photocatalytic reaction ofCase IIultraviolet rays and self-cleaning materials is used to

An affordable housing in a city adopts energy-saving

decompose oily pollutants,and the 'super-hydrophilic

synthetic resin curtain wall decoration system,compounded

effect' is generated under light induction,causing thewith reflective heat insulation technology,selects heat

pollutants are easily washed and cleaned by rain,and theinsulation pigments according to the nano spectrum,andabove mentioned two effects produces a 'self-cleaning'achieves heat insulation through the principle of rapid

effect,which can extend the cleaning cycle of theemission of reflecting and absorbing heat in the infraredbuilding's exterior wall,reduce water consumption,andband of sunlight. At the same time,it adopts the inorganic

ensure that the curtain wall system keeps as new.

modified polymer resin as the base material to carry out

Based on the integrated applications of the above

systematic design and flexible gradual design,forming amaterial technologies and processes,the synthetic

good penetration association with base material,has super-207-

weather resistance and good fineness and color retention.

The project has a total building area of 602,150

In terms of energy efficiency indicators,the visible lightsquare meters,of which a residential area of 564,000

reflectance is above 0.89,and the near-infrared reflectancesquare meters (12,363 units in total). Through theis above 85%,which meets the requirements of 65% oftransformation of the project,the investment costenergy saving in South China. in terms of economic

has been reduced by 20%,the comprehensive energy

indicators and environmental protection indicators,itsaving of the building has reached 20%,improves theis better than traditional thermal insulation boards andmanagement efficiency by 15%. It laid the foundation

thermal insulation mortars etc. insulation systems. In

of 'Intelligent Community' and further improved the

addition,this practice adopts systematic construction

ultra-low energy consumption design and operation

technology,which is convenient for construction,highlevel of green buildings in hot summer and warm

safety,and convenient for maintenance and renovation.

winter district.

-208-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT7: Modular Central Air-conditioning Energy Saving Technology
Based on Variable Flow Control of Cooling Tower Group

1.Technical principle
M odular cen tral air-cond ition ing energy-s aving
technology based on variable flow control of cooling
tower group adopts cooling tower group variableflow technology to make full use of the valid heatexchange area of cooling tower,improve coolingefficiency,reduce cooling water flow demand,and reduce
the energy consumption of main engine and coolingwater pump. After independent data collection of

30%,the energy consumption of main engine is reduced
by 4% to 8%,and the adaptive flow demand range is
20% to 100%.

3.Energy conservation effects
For the objects that have already implemented energysaving control,the comprehensive energy-savingrate can be improved about 10% more if the relevant
optimization measures of this technology can be applied.

temperature,pressure,flow and other related equipment

4.Application areas

signals,each equipment is directly driven,and operates

This technology can be applied to water-cooling central

according to pre-settings to achieve modular control andair-conditioning systems with cooling tower group.

system efficient operation.

2.Main technical specifications

5.Technical Application Case
Case I

Even water distribution between the cooling towers,theA shopping mall adopts the cooling tower transformationwater tray in the tower distributes water evenly,reducing

technology,installs hydraulic regulators,variable flow

the floating water loss,cooling water temperature isnozzles,and modular energy efficiency control cabinets

reduced by an average of 1.5℃~ 3℃,cooling efficiency

to realize the combined frequency variation of all fans toi s i n c r e a s e d b y 1 t o 2 t i m e s , c o o l i n g f a n e n e rg yachieve the minimum power consumption for efficientconsumption is reduced by more than 40%,the energy

cooling. uses cooling water pump transformation

consumption of cooling pump is reduced by 20% ~t e c h n o l o g y, i n s t a l l s c o o l i n g w a t e r p u m p e n e rg y-209-

efficiency control cabinet,to achieve the variable flow

water pumps. At the same time,it uses intelligent

effect that meets the flow demand of the main engine.

variable flow cooling tower technology,two-way variable

uses chilled water pump transformation technology toflow technology,and one pump to multiple machine

achieve constant flow operation at the main engine sidetechnology,hydraulic balance technology,modular

and automatic variable flow operation at the load side.

control technology. The building area of this project isuses main engine transformation technology,installs

80,000 square meters. Compared with the system before

energy efficiency strategy control cabinets to achieve real-

the transformation,the operating energy consumption

time monitoring effects. uses intelligent control platform

has been greatly reduced,and the comprehensive energy

technology to realize centralized management and one-saving rate has reached 52%,annually save 884 tons ofstop service.

standard coal,reduce 2,334 tons of CO2 emissions,gains

This project has building area of 240,000 square meters.

economic benefits of 2.2 million RMB annually. The

The comprehensive energy efficiency of the coolinghospital has reduced energy consumption,reduced

system has been improved to 5.11 by the integrated

operating costs,and achieved the effects of energy

transformation,compared with the system before theconservation and emission reduction.

transformation,the efficiency has increased by 34%,theannual operation cost saving of 940,000 RMB,the annual
power saving of 1.38 million kWh,that is equivalent to
456 tons of standard coal and 1379 tons of CO2 emissions
reduction per year.

Case II
The energy-saving transformation of a hospital’scentral air-conditioning system adopts a water-coolingsystem consists of a steam-type lithium bromide main
engine,cross-flow cooling tower,and chilled and cooling-210-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT8: Flow Passage Style Heat Exchange Technology
for Sewage-source Heat Pump System

1.Technical principle

2.Main technical specifications

The flow passage style heat exchange technology

The pressure bearing capacity of the equipment isfor sewage-source heat pump system is a complete> 1.0 Mpa. the heat transfer coefficient in the clean

set of technology for sewage source heat exchangewater condition is > 3000W/m2·k. the designed waterequipment,which can extract water and heat exchange

volume of single unit is 202/h～100m2/h. the resistancein the main pipeline of public sewage to realize the on-of the heat exchanger is 40kPa～80kPa. the cycle timesite extraction of sewage heat. The flow passage heatexchanger is the key equipment for extracting heat fromof cleaning maintenance is > 180 days (Single unit
cleaning requires about 1 labor-day).

sewage. At sewage side,it adopts single flow passage,large
cross-section,no contact structure design,with anti-

3.Energy conservation effects

blocking and anti-scaling performance. At clean water side

The heating COP of the system reaches 3.4-4.5,has(media water),adopts compact,small cross-section,Multi-

significant energy saving benefits.

supporting points,multi-layer parallel connected andthen serial connected structure. This technology ensures

4.Application areas

the overall pressure-bearing capacity and deflection

Applicable to winter heating,summer cooling andresistance of the heat exchange equipment,reduces thedomestic hot water supplying in various public andvolume size and land occupation of the equipment,solves

civil buildings. At the same time,it can be applieda series of problems such as blocking and corrosion of theto industrial production such as sludge heating,heat

equipment in the heat exchange process,realizes efficientexchange from oily sewage or waste water with highheat exchange.

content of impurities.

-211-

5.Technical Application Case
Case I
The total building area of a certain estate project is about
10 million m2,a sewage source heat pump system is oneof the main heat sources of the project’s commercial
complex. This application case adopts flow passage styleheat exchange technology for sewage-source heat pumpsystem to undertake one-third of the heating load and all
the cooling load of the overall heating area,uses the flow
passage style heat exchanger to extract the waste heat
resources of the public sewage along the pipeline to meetthe heating demand of the system in winter. by switching
the system operating direction,to meet the cooling demandof the commercial part in summer.
The total planned heating area of the sewage source
heat pump energy station is about 3.5 million m2,provide
heating and cooling service for hotels,apartments,officebuildings and other buildings of the commercial
complex,the operating service area is more than 2 million
m2. In one heating season,a total of 1.037 million GJ ofwaste heat is recovered. By using sewage source heatpump technology,the annual energy consumption is
reduced by about 32,000 tons of standard coal,reduces
atmospheric pollution emissions such as carbon dioxideand sulfur dioxide by nearly 90,000 tons.

-212-

Case II
Using flow passage style heat exchange technology for
sewage-source heat pump system,a certain college has
built a sewage source heat pump energy station that uses
public sewage as the heat source. The heat is extracted
from the public sewage through the flow passage heatexchanger,transferred to the media water. The clean
media water circulates and transfers heat between the heatpump unit and the flow passage heat exchanger,avoids
the problems such as pollution and corrosion of theheat pump unit caused by the sewage entering the heatpump,efficiency reduction of the heat pump etc. ensuring
the efficient and stable operation of the system as a whole.
The energy station has a total heating area of nearly
300,000 m 2,and adopts geothermal heating to supply
heats to student apartments,faculty residences,teaching
office buildings and other buildings in the college. In
one heating season,saves a total of 114,000 GJ of heat(has recovered 148,000 GJ of waste heat,consumes 9.32
million kWh,equivalent to 33,000 GJ of heat). Throughusing sewage source heat pump technology,the annual
energy consumption is reduced by about 3,900 tons ofstandard coal,reduces nearly 10,000 tons of atmosphericpollution emissions such as carbon dioxide and sulfur
dioxide.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT9: CO2 Air Source Heat Pump Heating Technology

1.Technical principle

than 50%.

The CO2 air source heat pump heating technology has

4.Application areas

the characteristics of strong adaptability to outdoor
temperature in cold areas and high temperature of outlet
water,has a higher heating coefficient under the conditionof large temperature difference between supply and return
water. Compared with the traditional Freon heat pump,theoutlet water temperature of the CO2 heat pump can reach
70℃ or higher,meets the needs of various radiators torealize the heating and domestic hot water supply.

Applicable to construction industry,including civil
buildings,office buildings,commercial buildings,science,education,culture,public health and other public buildings
and residential buildings,for centralized or distributed
heating and domestic hot water supply.

5.Technical Application Case
Case I

2.Main technical specifications

An office building has a total heating area of 8,640 square

Under the nominal working condition (outdoor dry

meters,which is divided into two building groups - a new

bulb temperature 7℃) reaches the hot water inlet/building and an old building. The new building has aoutlet temperature 50°C/70℃,COP is 2.46. Under low

7-story frame structure,and the old building has a 3-story

temperature conditions (outdoor dry bulb temperaturebrick-concrete structure. The original heating source is a-20℃),the hot water inlet/outlet temperature reaches

coal-fired boiler. During the transformation process,the

50℃/70℃,COP reaches 1.66.

project has selected 10 pcs of CO 2 air source heat

3.Energy conservation effects

pump heating units to replace the coal-fired boilers,andequipped with circulating pump unit,water softening

Compared with heating equipment such as oil boilers,gas

device and constant pressure device. The project hasboilers,and electric boilers,the energy saving rate is moreinvested 1.81 million RMB in total,realized energy-213-

saving of 128tce,annual carbon emission reduction of

low temperature conditions of -15℃,and the outlet

301 tons,gains annual energy saving benefits of 280,000

water temperature reaches 65℃ or more. After the

RMB about.

transformation,the actual indoor temperature wasstably controlled at 21℃～23℃ in average,base on themonitoring results of the heating operation status in
one station of the railway section. Compared with theoil boiler,the economic cost saving is about 414,700
RMB/134 days,energy saving of 86tce,carbon emission
reduction of 227 tons.

Case IIA certain railway section is equipped with a CO2 heatpump heating unit to replace the original traditional
heating equipment,involving 5 stations,about 10,000
square meters in total. The CO2 air source heat pumpheating unit can meet the heating requirements of end
users,can still efficiently and stably operates under-214-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Second Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List

China Building BP List
Edited by Yingjin Jiang

BP1: Case of Guangzhou White Swan Hotel
Energy Saving Reconstruction

As the representative of the earliest high-end hotels in

Before the renovation,Guangzhou White Swan Hotel

China,Guangzhou White Swan Hotel,has implemented

carried out energy diagnosis to clarify the current

fine transformation,management and operation based onstate of energy consumption of the hotel. During

the systematic energy diagnosis and design,has gained 3

the reformation,the main goal is to improve systembenefits: service quality improvement,significant energy

efficiency,has implemented a variety of technicalconsumption reduction,and operation costs saving,has

methods comprehensively: Adopting ultra-efficient

made a good demonstration for China's high-end hotels

refrigeration engine room technology,ensure the efficient

to improve the level of energy efficiency,and provided a

operation of the engine throughout the year. adopting

model for reference.

low-resistance water system and chilled water with large-215-temperature difference operation,while improving the

100,000 m2,through the overall renovation,the operatingenergy efficiency of the system,it brings three benefits

energy consumption has been significantly reduced. Inof material saving,energy saving and good outlooking.

2016,the annual energy cost was saved by more than

Adopting high-efficiency gas steam boilers to replace

17 million RMB. the annual average energy efficiency

fuel steam boilers,increasing the heating efficiency ofof the air-conditioning refrigeration engine room was

the system from 60% to 90%. Adopting high-efficiency

as high as 5.91. the annual average thermal efficiency

hot water system with heat recovery by electric heatof the steam boiler system was 92.3% . The heat pump

pump to replace fuel hot water system,which heating

system with heat recovery utilized the waste heat of air

efficiency up to 8.0. The system operation haveconditioning,meet more than 80% of the daily hot water

the performance Real-time monitoring,automatic

demand. The annual comprehensive energy consumption

adjustment of equipment operating strategies,mutual

per unit area of the hotel is 121kWh/m2,which is far

coordination and optimization. Adopting thelower than the guide value of the Energy Consumption

ensuring mechanism of target control in wholeStandard for Civil Buildings.

process,implementing energy-saving targets to eachIn the recent three years,while hotel's turnover hasenergy-using system and each stage of design,construcincreased year by year,the total energy consumption andtion,commissioning and operation,ensuring the overall

which costs have decreased year by year. From 2017 togoal achievement.

2019,the hotel’s energy consumption costs accounted for

For this practical case,the building area is about

as low as 5.76%,4.79%,and 4.24% of turnover.

-216-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP2: China Academy of Building Research
Nearly Zero Energy Building

China Academy of Building Research (CABR)

management system is adopted to achieve fine control

has developed a Nearly-zero energy consumption

and optimized operation of the system and equipment.

demonstration building,which is guided by Demand

In terms of behavioral energy conservation,complete

reduction in passive priority,Efficiency improvem‘ent inand perfect rules and regulations,combine systematic

active priority’,fully plays the advantages of intelligent

guidance and behavioral voluntariness,improve personnel

operation and management,and fully mobilize theawareness of energy conservation,cultivate energy

coordinated operation of various building energy-saving

conservation habits,and reduce energy waste.

technologies,achieves'near-zero energy consumption',hasThe practical building area is 4,025 square meters,andembarked on the independent way of building energy

the annual operating power consumption is 34.2kWh/m2.

conservation in China.

The annual energy consumption of the air conditioning

In the architectural design,this practice adopts ansystem and lighting system is 21.6kWh/m2,the operating

integrated design method to improve the insulation

efficiency of the ground source heat pump is up to 5.1,and

performance of the external wall of the building,thethe operating efficiency of the solar absorption chiller isinsulation performance of the external window and the

0.65.

airtight performance of the building,and control thebuilding load from the architectural plan. In the energy
system,the overall efficiency of the system is improved
through the design optimization of the HVAC systemand high-efficiency lighting system. Regarding the useof renewable energy,optimize the operation strategy ofthe energy system,make full use of solar energy andgeothermal energy,and reduce the consumption of fossil
energy. In terms of energy management and building
automation,combined with the requirements of thebuilding's indoor environment,an intelligent operation-217-

BP3: Passive House Technology Center of Sino-German Ecopark

The passive house technology center of Sino-German

Rationally design the airflow structure,ventilates the air

Ecopark adopts key energy-saving technologies accordingfrom each room sufficiently flows through the public

to local conditions,combines scientific operation and finearea,effectively improving the quality of the cold and hot

management concept to create a healthy and comfortableenvironment in the public area. Intelligently manages

indoor environment while greatly reducing operation

lamps and lanterns and other equipment to achieveenergy consumption and the use of fossil energy. It is

efficient lighting and avoid waste of electricity.

an exemplary ultra-low energy consumption public

In this practice case,the building area is 13,769 squarebuilding,has a positive demonstration effects on themeters,the energy consumption per unit building area

promotion of passive house technology in cold region.

in 2017,2018,2019 is 34.24 kWh/(m 2 a),29.75kWh/

The passive house technology center of Sino-German(m 2a),27.75 kWh/(m 2a) respectively. Through refined

Ecopark applies the green - energy saving concept

operation and maintenance,the energy consumption

throughout the architectural design,selects high-intensity of this practice has been reduced by 19% in three

performance envelope structural materials to reduce

years. Under the precondition of meeting the first-classthe cooling and heating loads from the demand side.

comfort level,it achieves energy saving 85% compared

adopts high-performance heat recovery ground sourcewith conventional buildings of the same type,achieves

heat pump unit to improve the energy-saving effects

annual power saving of 720,000 kWh,saving powerof air conditioning system. combines local climate

expenses of 550,000 RMB,saving 88 tce of standard

characteristics and energy endowments,rationallycoal,reducing carbon emissions by 220 tons annually.

utilizes renewable energy such as geothermal andsolar photovoltaics. optimizes the design and selects
the appropriate air conditioner terminals,combinedwith temperature and humidity independent control
technology,provides cold and heat sources with different
water temperatures for the fresh air unit and the chilled
beam system to maximize the system efficiency.

-218-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP4: Life-cycle Management of Energy Efficiency Target—"Joy City" Project in Chengdu

Joy City in Chengdu is the first large-scale public

the technical requirements of the design plan. At thebuilding project to implement target management ofstage of equipment commissioning,strictly controls

power consumption and energy efficiency throughout

the quality of the equipment system and carries out

the entire process from design to operation,has always

full performance testing and debugging. At the stage

implemented the concepts of green development and hasof system operation and maintenance,adjustment andachieved significant energy-saving effects. The wholecontinuous improvement,builds the energy management

project has lasted about 50 months,accumulated richplatform,develops an energy consumption and energy

experiences and data,provided a model for the green

efficiency evaluation index system,monitoring

construction and operation of commercial complex inoperation performance in real time,realizing on-demand

China.

adjustment,avoiding excessive supply,and carries out

At the beginning of the project,Chengdu Joy City has

coordinated system adjustment and optimized operation

clarified the energy consumption and energy efficiency

to ensure the energy efficiency targets can be realized.

targets,and then,the design team coordinated theIn this practice case,the building area is 180,000 square

design,construction,and operation etc. stages to ensure

meters. Since the project was put into operation in

the effective delivery of energy-saving control targets.

December 2015,under the premise of ensuring indoor

At the stage of design,using actual operation data ofenvironment comfort and customer's satisfaction,thesimilar projects as the reference to establish energy

actual energy consumption and energy efficiency

consumption and efficiency targets,optimizes the design

have reached the design targets of 'cooling station

plan. At the stage of construction and installation,carries

comprehensive energy efficiency of 4.40 of the air-out construction quality inspection to ensure achieving

conditioning system,public area energy consumption-219-

of 15 million kWh/y',and the average annual poweris about 13.28 million kWh,and the cumulative

consumption per unit commercial building area isreduction of carbon emissions is about 10,066

208kWh/m2,which is lower than the guide value oftons,has achieved significant economic and social‘Energy Consumption Standard for Civil Buildings’.

benefits.

In 2017,2018,and 2019,the cumulated energy saving-220-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP5: Zhuhai Singyes Renewable Energy R&D Building

The R&D building of Zhuhai Singyes New Energy

lighting energy consumption. Based on the structural

Industrial Park relies on building energy-saving key

characteristics of the building body,fully utilizes solar

technologies of the Sino-US Clean Energy Joint Researchresources,installing solar photovoltaic and solar thermal

Center,focuses on energy conservation and water-

components according to local conditions,and combining

saving and creating a healthy and comfortable indoor

smart micro-energy grid technology to realize the linkage

environment,sufficiently utilizes renewable energy andbetween renewable energy and the power grid,reducing

have a demonstrative effect on the ultra-low energy

the consumption of fossil energy.

consumption design and operation of green buildings in

The building area of this project is 23546 m 2 . In

hot summer and warm winter districts.

three consecutive years from 2017 to 2019,the power

According to the climate characteristics of current

consumption per unit area (kWh/m2) are measured as:

season,sufficiently utilizes natural conditions to create

39.8,35.4,33.8. the energy consumption per unit of HVAC

indoor environments,formulates the energy-saving

and lighting equipment (kWh/m2) ) as: 23,14.8,13.2,thecontrol plan based on energy consumption monitoringenergy consumption has shown an obvious decreasing

platform to accurately control and efficiently match

trend.

energy demands. In the air-conditioning season,uses
high-efficiency frequency variable chiller units to meetthe cooling demands. in the transitional season,thefresh air system is selectively turned on according to
the weather conditions,adopts the joint mode of naturalventilation and mechanical ventilation to greatly reduce
cooling energy consumption of the building. combines
natural lighting and LED lighting,while improving the
comfort of the indoor environment,significantly reducing-221-

BP6: Application Case of the Whole-process Management of Near-zero
Energy of No. 9 Building of Shanghai Hongqiao State Guest Hotel

No.9 Building of Shanghai Hongqiao State Guest
Hotel,in the whole process of project approval,design,construction,completion acceptance,commissioning
and operation,has always been guided by the energy
consumption targets,carried out energy conservation
management work,and promoted the design and operation
management of near-zero carbon emission buildings,has
played a good demonstration role for similar building
projects.
In the design stage of No. 9 Building of Shanghai
Hongqiao State Guest Hotel,according to energy
consumption and energy efficiency managementtargets,the passive energy-saving technique is introduced
to optimize the thermal insulation effects of theenvelope structure and reduce the actual heating andcooling demands of the building. fully utilizes naturallighting,combined with LED high-efficiency energysaving lamps,through intelligent control of lighting power
density to meet indoor lighting requirements. adopts
high-efficiency air-conditioning equipment,combinedwith building intelligent integrated control system,and
according to the actual environmental requirements ofthe building,implements the on-demand matching andefficient supply of fresh air heat exchange system,all--222-

air system,and window magnetic auto-control system,torealize intelligent control of the air-conditioning
system. fully utilizes renewable energy such as solar
photovoltaics,simultaneously establish a renewable energy
monitoring system to achieve efficient complementarity
between fossil energy and renewable energy. The projectfocuses on construction process management,completion
acceptance and commissioning,and operation management
at trial run stage,ensure the building always have the goalto achieve nearly zero carbon emissions.
The building area of the project is 2866 square meters.
In 2018,the operating power consumption is 34.57 kWh/m 2 ,equivalent to annual carbon emission of 24.89 kg/m 2 .
in 2019,the operating power consumption in is 34.25 kWh/m2,equivalent to annual carbon emission of 24.66 kg/m2.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP7: CECEP-Green Building Museum

Aiming at the characteristics of hot summer andconsumption. After being put into operation,it proceeds

cold winter districts in China,the CECEP Green

real-time monitoring of indoor and outdoor environment

Building Museum presents an ecological,intelligent

and energy consumption,etc.,optimizes operationand environment friendly architectural form to thestrategies,has created the healthy and comfortablesociety,with its advanced technology and perfect system

environment,promoted the harmonious development ofintegration,explores the developments and applications

man,building,and nature.

of green,energy-saving technologies in hot summer and

The building area of the project is 4,679 square meters.

cold winter districts. It has demonstrated and promoted

The final renewable energy utilization rate of the project

the applications of efficient,ecological and intelligent

reaches 17.4%,the utilization rate of non-traditional

technologies in public buildings,and has a goodwater resources reaches 40.2%,and the ratio of recyclable

demonstration effect.

building materials reaches 13.5%. Compared with similar

The Green Building Museum project integrates

buildings,the annual power saving is about 320,000t h e b u i l d i n g f u n c t i o n,a r c h i t e c t u r e f o r m , a n d t h e

kWh,the energy saving rate is as high as 72%.

latest domestic and foreign technologies accordingt o l o c a l c o n d i t i o n s , s u ff i c i e n t l y u t i l i z e s n a t u r a lventilation and lighting,combines low energy cons
umption,ecological,humanized architecture forms
and advanced technologies,integrated applies Greenbuilding technologies such as‘building self-shading
system’,‘passive natural ventilation system’‘temperatureand humidity independent control air conditioning
system’,‘daylight lighting system’,‘building intelligent
control system’,has greatly reduced building energy-223-

BP8: Energy Saving Lean Management Caseof Shunhe International Hotel in Shandong

Shandong Shunhe International Hotel,is based on thevarious energy-saving technologies,Shandong Shunheenergy use characteristics of hotel industry,combines

International Hotel has established an energy sub-metering

appropriate high-efficiency energy-saving

system to clearly control the energy consumption of thetechnologies,carries out lean management to achieve goodproject and reduce energy waste. Actively carries out

energy-saving and emission-reduction benefits,as wellenergy-saving management and training,takes benefits

as,it also improves the hotel's profit margin and plays aof energy-saving as a performance evaluation indicator

good demonstration role.

to establish energy-saving and environmental protection

According to the characteristics of hotel

awareness in the minds of every employee.

industry,Shandong Shunhe International Hotel adopts

This project has the building area of 40,575 squareenergy-efficiency gas boilers to recover waste heat frommeters,power saving of 74,200 kWh,and saving 53,000

flue gas,greatly improves the boiler efficiency. Selects

m3 of natural gas each year. The energy cost proportion incooler units with heat recovery device to recover the

10,000 RMB revenue of the hotel has dropped from 6.29%

cooling heat and supply the heat to the bath water system

in 2011 to 4.58% in 2019.

to realize the sufficient utilization of waste heat. Installs
an extra air source heat pump to recover the waste heatof the boiler room and ice maker to produce domestic
hot water,and at the same time,provides cooled air for the
power distribution room,which gains multiple benefits by
one act,has improved energy efficiency and the working
environment. Transforming the gas evaporator to provide
stable steam for the kitchen while reducing operatingenergy consumption. Replacement of LED lights greatly
reduces lighting energy consumption. While adopting-224-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP9: Smart Energy Conservation Renovation Projectin the Headquarter Building of SPICThe Smart Energy Demonstration Project of SPIC

transmittance and low radiation double silver coatedapplies integrated smart energy technology to theglass. Combined with photovoltaic power generationbuilding energy conservation and consumption

technology,it not only utilizes the sunlight shining

reduction project. It has innovated the photovoltaic

on the surface of the building to generate power,butenergy-saving curtain wall technology firstly,realizedalso reduces the solar radiation entering the room tothe multi-level comprehensive utilization ofachieve the cooling effects,has saved the building's

energy,keeps an effective complementary statuscooling energy consumption. At the same time,thebetween building energy-conservation & consumption-

photovoltaic components constructed by the integration

reduction and photovoltaic power generation.

of photovoltaic modules and building materials have

While greatly reducing the energy consumption of

improved the thermal insulation performance of thebuildings,it also relieves the power supply pressurebuilding,further saved the energy consumption of theof the power grid,improves the reliability of buildingbuilding’s cooling in summer and heating in winter,and

power supply,improves the comfort of the working

r e a l i z e d m u l t i p l e e ff e c t s , s u c h a s p h o t o v o l t a i cenvironment in the building,and plays a demonstrative

power generation,cooling,thermal insulation,energy

effect on the construction of smart energy buildings.

conservation and consumption reduction.

The headquarter building of SPIC fully utilizes

This project has the renovation area of building curtain

the valid area of the building's curtain wall andwall is 4200 square meters,involving 8600 squarer o o f , r e p l a c e s t h e o r i g i n a l L O W- E g l a s s w i t hmeters of indoor area. The renovated photovoltaic

photovoltaic building integrated components and highenergy-saving curtain wall has an installed capacity-225-

of 131 kWp in total. In 2018,the power generation ofwall is 105,400 kWh,the annual power consumption

photovoltaic energy-saving curtain wall is 107,600

of the building air conditioning and cooling system

kWh,the annual power consumption of the building air

is reduced by 406,300 kWh,and the annual energy

conditioning and cooling system is reduced by 385,200

consumption of the building heating system is reduced

kWh,and the annual energy consumption of the building

by 371,100 kWh.

heating system is reduced by 357,200 kWh. In 2019,thepower generation of photovoltaic energy-saving curtain-226-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Second Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List

Japan Industrial BAT List
Edited by Jianfu Wang

BAT1: Optimum Control of High Efficiency Inverter Centrifugal Chillers
Using a Heat Source Integrated Control System

1.Category of industry
Air conditioning

2.Category of technology
High efficiency next-generation air conditioning technology

centralized control of heat source systems including thecontrol of auxiliary equipment in order to realize theoptimum energy conservation performance of inverter
centrifugal chillers. By implementing optimized control,anenergy conservation effect can be realized that is evengreater than before,not only through applying high efficiency

3.Source of energy

inverter centrifugal chillers as heat source equipment,but

Electrical equipment

also by integrating air conditioning systems including

4.Practical application
April 2010

5.SummaryThis product is an optimizing controller that implements

auxiliary equipment such as pumps and cooling towers. In
particular,the development of a plain control algorithm foroverall optimization was outstandingly innovative,aiming
to implement control of multiple centrifugal chillers andindependently control the various auxiliary equipment torealize high COP values. Additionally,in contrast to the fact

-227-

that the heat source system control was previously an integral-<6> Main pipe bypass valve control

style program optimized to the site,the use of a mass-produced-(3)External communications functions

type standard built-in control program realized quality

The product incorporates external communications functions

improvements and reductions in the introduction costs for each

(Internet LAN interface and programmable logic controllercase. In an actual case of introducing this system,an annual(PLC)) which makes it possible to easily monitor the statusaverage system COP of 7.7 was achieved (compared to COP 5.9

from remote locations. Communications are possible with

before the introduction),realizing a 23% reduction in electric

upstream control systems,which also makes it convenient for

power consumption (corresponding to 378 MWh/year).

use as a sub-system for large-scale heat sources.

6.Principle and operation

7.Description of improvement

As a controller of the heat source system,the product has the

Before Improvement

following three features.

(1) Control design and operation(1)Extraction of the best performance from the centrifugal

Because the performance characteristics of inverter centrifugal

chillers

chillers depend on the cooling water temperature setting,chilled

By conducting communications with the chillers,operatingwater temperature,loads,and equipment models,it was very

data including the optimum load area is obtained. Using thisdifficult for the facility designer to gain an understanding

acquired data,control of the number of units and distributionof these characteristics beforehand in order to plan the mostof the cooling water flow rates are implemented to enable

suitable operation and also to apply the system according to theoperation of the equipment at a high COP. In addition,utilization

plan at the installation site.

of the chiller communications data will also help to make it(2) Product quality and cost

unnecessary to mount sensors such as thermometers and flow

Control programs of heat source systems are often integral

meters on the equipment.

items that need to be set up by an engineer according to the(2)Incorporation of various energy conservation control

connection conditions of the site equipment. This caused

functionsvariations in the quality and increased the man-hours required.

Six main types of control software for heat source equipment

After Improvement

are incorporated as a package,allowing customers to freely(1)Methods were developed using engineering theoretical

set combinations according to their needs. Further,whichever

formulas for calculating the load region (optimum load area)

combination type is selected,the best energy conservation

under which the inverter centrifugal chillers achieve highcontrol is offered for that combination. This reduces the work

COP values,and it became possible to aim to realize energy

load for the system design and equipment installation requiredconservation easily by implementing control of multiple

for the realization.

chiller units based on these calculated values. In addition,a<1> Multiple chiller unit control <2> Cooling water variable

plain control algorithm was developed,enabling overall control

flow control <3> Chilled water variable flow control <4>

while maintaining individual control of each item of auxiliary

Cooling tower control <5> Chilled water bypass valve control

equipment. Due to these developments,complicated design-228-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）planning is no longer required before introduction,allowing
large energy conservation to be made.
(2) This product is a standard control program whichcosts,and lower the site work costs.

8.Effect of improvement

has only one pattern. By narrowing down to the targeted

Improvement of energy consumption intensity (Option forsystem configuration (by for example supporting less than

improving energy conservation ratio).

six chillers,six types of control functions,a double pipe

In a customer’s facility where this product was introduced

system,etc.),it has been incorporated as a standard built-in

during renovation work,the performance verification results

control program. The specifications of each system supporting

realized an annual average system COP of 7.7 in FY2012.

the user and the differences in configurations are switched

As a result of comparing with the system before the productusing the setting parameters. By changing from an integral

introduction,energy conservation of 23% was achieved,and it

type program optimized for each site to a mass-production-is planned to achieve a reduction in CO2 emissions of 207 tons/

type program,it was planned to improve quality,reduce designyear and cost reductions of 4,407,000 yen/year.

*1 Source : Kuwahara and five others: 'Energy Saving Performance and Effective Operation Methods for a Heat Source
System for Air Conditioning using Inverter Chillers',Report Part 1,Report Part 2,The Society of Heating,Air Conditioning
and Sanitary Engineers of Japan,47th Academic/Technical Papers Chapter,2009*2 Source : Tai (Kyushu University) and eight others: 'Development of Performance Evaluation Method for OptimalControlled Heat Source System'Report Part 2: Analysis of Measurement Data in FY2013,The Society of Heating,Air
Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan,2013*3: CO2 emissions amount calculated using the Tohoku Electric Power Company,Inc. FY2011 CO2 emissions coefficient of
0.546kg-CO2/kWh*4: Calculated from the Tohoku Electric Power Company,Inc. high voltage electricity rate of 11.65 yen/kWh (summer
period) (June 2013)*5: The electric power amount before the introduction is based on the FY2012 data,and back-calculated using the FY2004
system COP of 5.9 before the product introduction (=FY2012 electric power x FY2012 COP / FY2004 COP)

-229-

9.Economic efficiency and its trend(1) Equipment investment costs: Unknown(2) Remodeling costs: Unknown(3)Running costs:
18,853,000 yen/year → 14,446,000 yen/year
Saving of 4,407,000 yen/year (Based on the actual results at an
introduction case site)(4)Payback period:
3 years* Calculated from the suggested price of 12,500,000 yen(differs from the actual price) and the running cost improvement
amount.
(5)Investment costs for energy conservation per unit: Unknown.

10.Trend in market(1) Diffusion rate
From the start of sales in 2010,units have been introduced in a
total of 41 cases (as of the end of August 2017)(2)Prediction for 2018
Expected to reach a total of 50-60 cases

11.Reference information(1) CO2 reductions
Reduction of 207 tons/year (Based on the actual results at an
introduction case site).
(2) Social impact
1)Awards-FY2013 Energy Conservation Grand Prize for excellent energy
conservation equipment (Minister Prize of Economic,Trade andIndustry (Electricity-saving Award)).
Sponsored by: The Energy Conservation Center,Japan.
2）Documents,etc.
-FY2013 Energy Conservation Grand Prize for excellent
energy conservation equipment Award-winning Entry Abstracts[Products and Business Models Category],The Energy
Conservation Center,Japan,p20-21.

-230--Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol. 51 No. 2(2014),p4-9.
(3)Patents
Patents relating to control of multiple chillers: 4 patents,patents
relating to controlling the auxiliary equipment: 8 patents,patents
relating to attached functions: 4 patents,display screen design
registrations: 2 registrations (Includes items under application).

12.Implementation sites
As of the end of August 2017,there were 35 cases of productintroductions in Japan and 6 cases overseas (in Malaysia,Thailand,Singapore,United Arab Emirates,and Turkey)

13.Cited documents(1)Tai (Kyushu University) and six others: 'Study on
performance management methods of a heat source systemusing simulation : Part 2. Development of fault detection tool
for refrigerators' ,The Society of Heating,Air Conditioning andSanitary Engineers of Japan,20th Kyushu Branch TechnicalResearch Paper Presentation,2013.
(2)Kuwahara and five others: 'Energy Saving Performanceand Effective Operation Strategies of Cooling Plant System
Using an Inverter Chiller for Building Air-Conditioning :Part2-A System Performance Evaluation Based on ModelBased Simulation Analysis and Effective Operation
Strategies' ,Report Part 1,Report Part 2,The Society ofHeating,Air Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers ofJapan,47th Technical Papers Chapter,2009.

14.Contact information
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems,Ltd. Air
Conditioning and Refrigeration Division Machinery,Equipment& Infrastructure Domain.
13th Floor,Igarashi Building,2-11-5,Shibaura,Minatoku,Tokyo,Japan

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT2: Large-Capacity Storage Battery 'NAS Battery'

1.Category of industry
N/A

for the positive electrode and sodium (Na) as the negativeelectrode. During discharge,the sodium ions pass through thesolid electrolyte and generates sodium polysulfide at positive

2.Category of technology

electrode. During charging,the opposite reaction occurs. NAS

Large-capacity storage battery

battery has following characteristics.

3.Source of energy
N/A

4.Practical application
Since 2002

5.Summary
NGK Insulators,Ltd.,top manufacturer of ceramic products,isthe first company in the world to provide sodium sulfur battery(NAS battery) which is capable for storing large amounts ofelectric energy. There are various types of applications suchas load leveling,emergency power supply,compensation offluctuating renewable power,stabilization of network,etc. and(1)Large-capacity: Capable of 6 hours discharge at rated power(2)High energy density: Approximately three times greaterthan lead acid battery.
(3)High-speed response: Less than 1ms.
(4)Long life: 15 years or 4,500 fully discharged cycles.
(No limitation for simple short time discharge/charge cycle.)(5)No self-discharge: No uniform charging required.
(6)High temperature operation type: Automaticallytemperature controlled by heater.

7.Description of improvement
See Figure 1 and Figure 2.

8.Benefit by NAS battery

it contributes to energy savings and to reduce environmental(1)Reduction of CO2 emissions by peak shavingload.

Decreasing the peak demand could result in stopping some

6.Principle and operation
NAS battery uses beta alumina as solid electrolyte,sulfur (S)thermal power plants using fossil fuel in the networks,which
stand by for day time peak. In other words leveled demand
could result in high efficiency operation of thermal power-231-

plants,and in these way NAS battery could contribute to
reduction of CO2 emissions.
(2)Promotion of renewable energy
NAS battery compensates output fluctuation of renewableenergy in the network. It helps further introduction of renewableenergy with efficient use.
(3)Efficient operation of diesel generator in micro grid
In a remote island,fuel cost is very high and its micro grid is
supported by old diesel generator. Introduction of renewableenergy causes instability in the network,and gen sets shouldbe operated irregularly sometimes at low output power tobalance the power supply and demand,which results in low
efficient operation. NAS battery can balance the power supply

9.Economic efficiency and its trend(1) Equipment investment costs in 2017:
40,000-50,000 yen/kWh
In 2020: 23,000 yen/kWh* NAS battery system equipment costs only; variableaccording to individual specifications(2) Remodeling costs

Unknown(3) Running costs

Differs according to the usage method(Operating expenses + repair expenses)(4) Payback period

Unknown(5) Investment costs for energy conservation per unit:
Unknown

and demand with efficient operation of diesel generators and10.Trend in market

renewable energy. This will contribute to the reduction of(1)Current diffusion rate of NAS battery: Approximately 200

energy costs and CO2 emissions.

locations worldwide,with a total output of 530,000 kW-232-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）(2)Prediction for 2017 (or 2020): Unknown

14.Contact information

11.Reference information

NGK Insulators,Ltd.

N/A

Tokyo Sales Office,Domestic Sales Department,Power BusinessGroup.

12.Implementation sites
N/A

13.Cited documents
N/A

-233-

BAT3: High-strength and Low Thermal Conductivity Heat Insulating
Materials 'ROSLIM™Board GH'

1.Category of industry
Heat insulating materials

following features:(1)Higher heat insulating performance than still air(2) Excellent handling performance among low thermal

2.Category of technology

conductivity materials

High-strength and low thermal conductivity heat insulating(3)Excellent workability dispensing with special tools

materials (energy conservation)

6.Principle and operation

3.Source of energy

The physical properties of 'ROSLIM™Board GH' are shown

N/A

in Table 1 and the comparison of thermal conductivities of

4.Practical application
2011

5.Summaryvarious heat insulating materials is shown in Figure 1. As
shown in Figure 2,the structure of 'ROSLIM™Board GH'
including microscopic airspaces smaller than the mean freepath of still air suppresses the heat conduction through gas
and provides the lower thermal conductivity.

‘ROSLIM™Board GH’ is a high-strength and high heat

In addition,the radiated heat is scattered and attenuatedinsulating performance material made of a nanopore silica

by the effect of the radiation scattering material in the

including a heat-resistant reinforcing fiber and a radiationhigh temperature regions,and the thermal conductivity of

scattering material. The product provides higher workability‘ROSLIM™Board GH’ at 600°C is half of that of quiescentand handling performance than conventional low thermal

air,showing its excellence.

conductivity heat insulating materials. The product has

Figure 3 shows the workability of ‘ROSLIM™Board GH’.

-234-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

The conventional low thermal conductivity heat insulating
materials are brittle and fragile and require careful handlingon account of the strength degradation caused by the forming.
The high bond strength among particles of ‘ROSLIM™Board
GH’ owing to the original manufacturing process enhances
the strength of the whole member and enables easy handlingof even formed materials or large sheets (25mm in thickness
x 600mm x 900mm). This strength facilitates the precise
forming,dispensing with special tools even in the complex
forming.

7.Description of improvement(1)Energy conservation utilizing excellent heat insulating

Figure 1 Thermal conductivities of heat insulating materials

performance'ROSLIM™Board GH' in equal heat insulating thickness to theconventional heat insulating materials (calcium silicate boardsetc.) used in the industrial furnaces can reduce heat radiationfrom the furnace to drastically save the energy consumption.
For example,as shown in Figure 4,'ROSLIM™Board GH' in 50
mm heat insulating thickness installed in the industrial furnacewith the furnace temperature of 1000°C reduces the energy
consumption by 50% compared with the conventional heat

Figure 2 Inner structure of ‘ROSLIM™Board GH’ (TEM image)

Figure 3 Example of complex forming-235-

8.Effect of improvement

insulating materials.
(2)Downsized configuration utilizing excellent heat insulating
performance
Figure 4 shows the example of the downsized heat insulating
configuration. At equal outer surface temperature,excellent
low thermal conductivity of ‘ROSLIM™Board GH’ canreduce the thickness of heat insulating materials and downsize
the furnace and the devices. For example,as shown in Figure
5,'ROSLIM™Board GH' installed in the industrial furnace withthe furnace temperature of 1000°C and the surface temperatureof 57°C reduces the thickness by 200 mm compared with theconventional heat insulating materials.

See Figure 4.

9.Economic efficiency and its trend
The preliminary calculation results of the payback period forheat insulating installation under the conditions of the furnace
temperature of 1000°C,the heat insulating thickness of 350mm
and the surface temperature of 40°C (outside atmospheretemperature 25°C) are as follows:(1)70% use of ‘ROSLIM™Board GH’: Payback period 2.2
years (preliminary)Figure 4 Example of energy-saving heat insulating configuration

Figure 5 Example of the downsized heat insulating configuration-236-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）(2)45% use of 'ROSLIM™Board GH': Payback period 1.2

7)Akifumi Sakamoto,Yasuo Ito,Ken Maeda:

years (preliminary)Heat insulating material and method of manufacturing the(3) 30% use of 'ROSLIM™Board GH': Payback period 0.6

same,Japanese published patent application 2010-231753

years (preliminary)8)Akifumi Sakamoto,Yoshihiko Goto,Yasuo Ito,Ken Maeda:

10.Trend in market

Heat insulating material and method for manufacturing thesame,Japanese published patent application 2011-006475(1)Current diffusion rate: 10%

9)Yasuo Ito,Yoshihiko Goto,Akifumi Sakamoto,Ken Maeda:(2)Prediction for 2020: 40%

Heat insulating material and method for manufacturing the11.Reference information

same,Japanese published patent application 2011-088318(1)Patents and utility models
1)Makio Naito,Yasuo Ito,Takahiro Ohmura:
Porous body coated particle,precursor for heat insulating
material containing the porous body coated particle and heatinsulating material,Japanese published patent application
2003-316772.
2)Makio Naito,Yasuo Ito,Takahiro Ohmura:
Porous body-coated fiber and heat-insulating
material,Japanese published patent application 2003-152877
3)Makio Naito,Hiroya Abe,Yasuo Ito,Daiji Tahara:
Composite porous body,molded body of and thermal
insulating material of this composite porous body,Japanesepublished patent application 2004-102578.
4)Yasuo Ito,Yoshihiko Goto,Shigeru Nakama,Takahiro

1 0 ) Ya s u o I t o , S h i g e r u N a k a m a , I s a m i A b e , J y u n i c h i
Numura: Method of producing heat insulating material forreformer,Japanese published patent application 2012-034214
11)Yasuo Ito,Ken Maeda:
Heat insulating material and method for producing thesame,Japanese published patent application 2012-240721
12)Ken Maeda,Yoshihiko Gotoh,Kazuyuki Kii,Yasuo Ito:
Heat insulation unit,manufacturing method of heat insulation
unit and heating furnace,Japanese published patentapplication 2013-175592.
(2)Awards
Chairman Prize of ECCJ in the Energy Conservation Grand
Prize for excellent energy conservation equipment in FY2015(Products and Business Models Category) Sponsored by: The

Ohmura,Isami Abe: Thermal insulation and method ofEnergy Conservation Center,Japan.

producing the same,Japanese published patent application

Supported by: Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry.

2009-239326.

(3)Documents5)Yasuo Ito,Yoshihiko Goto,Shigeru Nakama,Takahiro

Presentations of papers and lectures

Ohmura,Isami Abe: Heat insulating material and method of

1)Hiroya Abe,Makio Naito,Yasuo Ito and Daiji Tahara:producing the same,Japanese published patent application'Design of Porous Materials by Dry Processing',The 8th

2009-239327.

IUMRS International Conference on Advanced Materials

6 ) Yo s h i h i k o G o t o , Ya s u o I t o , K e n M a e d a , A k i f u m i(Yokohama,October 2003).

Sakamoto,Thermal insulation material,Japanese published2)Hiroya Abe,Makio Naito,Daiji Tahara,Yasuo Ito:patent application 2010-187403.

'Creation of nanoporous molded body by nanoparticle-237-

bonding',The Ceramic Society of Japan Annual Meeting

3)M. Naito and H. Abe,'Particle Bonding Technology

2004,March 2004,Shonan Institute of Technology.

for Composite Materials-Microstructure Control and Its

3)Isami Abe,Hiroya Abe,Makio Naito:

Characterization,' Ceramic Transactions,Vol.157,p.69-76(2004).

'Manufacture and structure of nanoporous fiber by nanoparticle
bonding',The Ceramic Society of Japan 17th Fall Meeting,2004

12.Implementation sites

4)Isami Abe,Kazuyoshi Sato,Hiroya Abe,Makio Naito:

NICHIAS webpage: http://www.nichias.co.jp/'Effect of atmosphere in mechanical composition of silica

13.Cited documents

nanoparticles and inorganic fiber',The Ceramic Society of Japan
Annual Meeting 2005,March 2005,Okayama University.
5)Hiroya Abe,Isami Abe,Yasuo Ito,Kazuyoshi Sato,Makio
Naito: 'Dry Powder Processing of High Porosity Microporous
Composites',107th annual meeting id The American CeramicSociety (Baltimore,MI) Papers.
1)D. Tahara,Y. Ito,T. Ohmura,H. Abe and M. Naito,'Formationof Nano Structure on Glass Fiber by Advanced Mechanical
Method,' Ceramic Transactions,Vol.146,p.173-177(2004).
2)H. Abe,I. Abe,K. Sato and M. Naito,'Dry Powder Processingof Fibrous Fumed Silica Compacts for Thermal Insulation,'
Journal of American Ceramic Society,in press.

-238-*'TOMBO' is a registered trademark or trademark of NICHIAS
Corporation.
*'ROSLIM'is a trademark of NICHIAS Corporation.
*The measured values in this document are used only forreference and not guaranteed. The calculation results of thepayback period are preliminary and do not warrant the payback
period.

14.Contact information
NICHIAS Corporation.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT4: By-product Gas-fired Gas Turbine Technology

1.Category of industry
Thermal power Industry

2.Category of technology
BFG Fired Gas Turbine Technology

3.Source of energy

the reduction of CO2 emissions,thereby achieving change to ahigher efficiency and higher power output.

6.Principle and operation
Figure 1 shows the overview system of the BFG-fired gas
turbine combined cycle plant. The primary equipment’s
consist of Gas compressor,Step up gear,Gas turbine,Generator

By-product gases from steel industry (BFG: Blast Furnaceand Steam turbine arranged on a single shaft configuration

Gas,COG: Coke Oven Gas).

mode. The mixture of BFG gas and COG gas is compressed

4.Practical applicationin the gas compressor and supplied as a fuel for the gas
turbine. Due to the low calorific value of BFG gas,additional

Since 2004 (Application to high efficiency F class gas

source of COG gas is supplied to increase the calorific value

turbines).

of mixed gas mixture to 4.4 MJ/m3N-dry (LHV). The startup

5.Summaryof gas turbine is driven by the steam turbine using steam froman existing boiler.

In the global movement to realize environmental load

The BFG gas that is generated in the blast furnace (of steel

reduction,the steel industry is also strongly required to reduce

plants) has the characteristics of having a lower calorific

its CO2 emissions as a countermeasure for global warming.

value than natural gas (LNG) which is generally known as

Further,the global move to reduce consumption of primarya gas turbine fuel,and also that its combustion speed is low

energy resources represented by fossil fuels,BFG-fired gas

and combustion range is narrow due to the high proportion

turbines effectively utilizes by-product gases generated byof inert gases comprising of nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

the steel plants. The BFG fired gas turbines contributes forWith regards to fuel characteristics of BFG gas and to realize-239-

high combustion efficiency over complete operation range,thecombustor unit (refer figure 2) is designed to use same multican system with air bypass valve as used in dry low-NOx
combustors thus allowing optimum utilization of fuel-air ratio.
Further,the combustion efficiency is improved by mixing highcalorie COG gas into the BFG gas using flow control method.
With regards to the air compressor and turbine where theturbine inlet temperature is constant,the amount of combustiongas passing through the low-calorie gas-fired turbines is higher
than the normal high-calorie fuel-fired gas turbines due to theincrease in the amount of fuel. In conventional low calorie gasfired turbines using gases including BFG gas,the air compressor
is made smaller than the standard machines and the air intake
volume is reduced to realize a similar flow through the turbine
as in the standard machines,which makes it possible to utilize
the standard turbine blade lattice. Additionally,because BFG
gas includes large amounts of dust than LNG,there is a concern
regarding degradation over time and blockages. To prevent thisan electrostatic precipitator (EP) is installed on the BFG supply
line,thereby improving the reliability and availability.

7. Description of improvement
Figure 3 shows examples of the energy balance in a BFG-fired
gas turbine combined .
cycle plant (GTCC) and in a conventional plant (known below
as BTG). Additionally,
Figure 4 shows graphs comparing the plant efficiency andpower output.
When the amount of heat input is set to be same as in BTG and
GTCC plants,using BFG .
and COG mixed gas as the fuel,the plant heat efficiency isestimated to be 36% in the BTG plant and 45% in the GTCC
plant on LHV basis. It can therefore be anticipated that there
will be an increase of 29 MW in the power output in the GTCC
plant compared to the BTG plant (Comparison using a 150 MWclass plant).

8. Effect of improvement
Improvement of energy consumption intensity (Option forimproving energy conservation ratio) .
The amount of CO2 emission is mutually related to the amountFigure 1 Overview system of a BFG-fired GTCC plant-240-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Figure 3 Energy balance diagram
Figure 2 Multi-can type combustor with an air bypass valve(After optimizing the pipe diameter and length,the welding
at each stage was eliminated.)of BFG/COG gas generated by the steel industry as by-productgases. To minimize the CO2 emissions it is necessary to evaluate
not only the power generating equipment utilizing these byproduct gases,but also to include the surrounding facilities. The

Figure 4 Comparison of BTG and GTCC plant efficiency andpower output

proposed evaluation Plant heat efficiency (%,LHV) Plant power
generation end output (MW) is shown below.
In developing countries,BFG is not currently being used for

GTCC plants as being the effective utilization of BFG frompower generation,and is being released into the atmosphere.

the viewpoints of realizing the high efficiency operation of

A comparison between the current situation and the situation

plants and the control of CO2 emissions.

after introducing the BFG fired gas turbine combined cycle
plant (GTCC) is shown in Figure 5. By generating 145 MW ofelectric power using the BFG fired GTCC,it will be possible toreduce 145 MW of the portion generated by the existing coalfired boiler power plant (BTG). If the power is assumed to begenerated for 8,000 hours annually,the CO2 reduction of thiscoal-fired BTG is 1,040,000 tons of CO2 per year. As shown in
Figure 6,compared to building a new BTG,the GTCC will also
be advantageous by an amount of approximately 210,000 tonsof CO2 year. In this way,it is possible to view the superiorities of

9. Trend in market
Actual delivery results of low calorie gas-fired gas turbines(Since 1958) by MHPS include Japan: 28 units,China: 29
units,South Korea: 5 units,Netherlands: 4 units,Ukraine: 4units. Total: 70 units .

10. Reference information
CO2 reduction Refer to section 8 .

11. Implementation sites-241-[Before improvement][After improvement]

Figure 5 Figure showing an image of CO2 reductions in a

Figure 6 Comparison of CO2 emissions

steel plant

Refer to section 9 .

13. Contact information

12. Cited documents

Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd.

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol. 41 No. 5(2004) .
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol. 44 No. 1(2007) .
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol. 48 No. 3(2011) .
Other

-242-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT5: Matrix Converter U1000

1. Category of industry
Power converters

On the other hand,these devices require much space for
installation because of the increased number of components.
This product enables both the suppression of the harmonics

2. Category of technology

and utilization of the regenerated energy in a single

Regenerative energy utilization typeunit,does not require additional space for the installation

3. Source of energy
Electricity

4. Practical application
April,2014

5. Summary
Variable speed motor drives using inverters are becoming
popular for energy conservation in the industrial field.

and drastically reduces cost. The product reduces workload
drastically,improves the energy conservation rate inoperation by 2%,and reduces the capacity of generator by
50% and the capacity of power supply unit by 20%. Thus,theproduct deserves to be called as the next-generation motor
drive that solves the problems of the conventional general
purpose inverters and contributes to the customer’s energy
conservation by its efficiencies which are higher than the
inverters.

However,there is a need to suppress power line harmonics

6. Principle and operation

based on the basic principles of the inverter and to

The matrix converter U1000 comprises a circuit

process the regenerated energy created by the load side

configuration shown in the right-hand figure,and supplies

revolutions. In order to solve these problems,devices suchsine-wave voltage and current to a motor by direct PWM

as a regenerative power converter,an AC reactor,a harmonic

control of 3-phase AC voltage with 9 bidirectional switches

filtering reactor,a condenser and others are coupled to thelocated on a matrix between a power supply and the motor.

inverter.

Refer to Figure 1.

-243-

7. Description of improvement

very effective for large scale cranes and elevators.
In the case of single inverter,the regenerated energy during

Before improvement
Suppressing harmonics and utilizing regenerated energy used
to require the regenerative power converter,the AC reactor,theharmonic filtering reactor and condenser. However,theadditional components and wirings called for more space in thecontrol panel,increasing the installation cost.
Refer to Figure 2.
After improvement

unloading is wasted as a heat from a braking resistor. The
product allows recycling of the wasted regenerated energy at
the power supply and utilization of the energy as an additionalenergy source. In the case of the 10ton-crane,110,000 yen is
saved annually as converted to the electric power charge.
Refer to Figure 4.

9.Economic efficiency and its trend

The product enables the suppression of harmonics and utilizingof regenerated energy in one unit,and drastically reduces spacefor installation. Not only the energy is saved by utilizing theregenerated energy of the surroundings but also the cost is
estimated to be reduced drastically.

(1) Equipment investment costs-Reducing the installation cost by about 40% (in the case of
400 V 45 kW)-Reducing the cost of the control panel by about 50%-Reducing the cost of the generator and the power supply unit

Refer to Figure 3.

by about 50%

8. Effect of improvement

In the case of power supply to a generator,normally the

Improvement of energy consumption intensity (Option forimproving energy conservation ratio)
Utilizing regenerated energy,one of the features of the product,isgenerator requires capacity of about 4 times as much as thepower capacity consumed at the inverter (with no reactor).
On the other hand,in the case of the Matrix Converter,thegenerator requires only about twice thecapacity for operation.
(2) Running costs-In the case of the 10ton-crane,110,000
yen is saved annually as converted tothe electric power charge.
(3) Payback period
The payback period depends on typesof devices,capacity of the motor andthe operation cycle. The payback
period calculated based on the productFigure 1-244-

cost was about 3 years at the earliest.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Figure 2

Example with installing and wiring space: 400 V 185 kW,efficiency: 400 V 15 kW,and installation cost:
400 V 45 kW*Installation cost is calculated using market prices.

Figure 3

10.Trend in market
Number of shipments: Increasing at an annual rate of 150200%.

11.Reference information
Social impact by CO2 reduction

reduction is 111.5 million litters (crude oil equivalent). The CO2
reduction is equivalent to annual CO2 emissions by 133,000
people,assuming that a person emits 6 kg of CO2 per day.
Refer to Table 1.

12.Implementation sites

In the case of application to the overhead crane,the estimated-Cranes in seaports

energy conservation is 558,232 MWh/unit,and estimated CO2-Cranes in steel works-245-

Figure 4

Table 1
Hanging weightTotal
3t or more and less than
5t or more and less than 10t or
more and less than 20t 20t or
more and less than 50t
50t or more and less than
100t or more and less than 200t
200t or more and less than 500t
500t or more and less than
1000t or more

Number of installed overhead Energy-savingeffect of U1000 [kWh/Unit] Energy-saving effect of U1000[kWh/Unit]
95,55016,581
32,943
26,39915,428
2,887
1,014
290
8
0

1,363
2,725
5,450
10,90021,80043,60087,200174,400
348,800

558,232,000
22,592,000
89,770,000
143,875,000
168,165,000
62,937,000
44.210.000
25.288.000
1,395,000
0Reduction of CO2 [ton]292,000
11,80046,90075,20088,00032,90023,10013,200700
0*1: Figures in the table above are extracted from the data “Number of installed cranes by model”
provided by Japan Crane Association.

-Cranes in waste disposal sites

14.Contact information

13.Cited documents

YASKAWA Electric Corporation,Inverter Division,Business-The Energy Conservation (August 2014)-YASKAWA Technical Review Vol.78 No.4 Special issue forenvironment and energy (February 10,2015)-The Energy Conservation (February 2016)-246-

Promotion Department,Sales Promotion Section
Phone: +81-930-25-2548

Fax.: +81-930-25-3431

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT6: High Efficiency Motor Control

1.Category of industry
Inverters

2.Category of technology
Motor control

3.Source of energy
Electricity

the demand for as driving motors with high efficiency using
inverters energy saving is increasing. According to that,thetechnologies and engineering for energy saving in inverters
have been progressing year after year.

6.Principle and operation
The electric power supplied by electric power companies isgenerally an alternating current,and the frequency and voltage
are fixed. When a motor is driven by the commercial power

4.Practical application (Commercialization)

supply,its rotation speed is constant. However,it is possible

July 2014

to change the motor rotation speed by using inverters,which

5.Summaryis motor control engineering. By converting the commercial
power into a direct current (in the converter unit),andIn recent years,as measures for preventing global warming

temporarily re-converting it into a variable frequency

and against the exhaustion of energy resources,efficient

alternating current (in the inverter unit),inverters change

energy use is required in various industries including thefrequency and voltage in any magnitude.

following: the strengthening of regulations on energy use

Because the motor rotation speed is proportional to thethrough legal amendment of the Act on the Rational Use

frequency,motors can be operated at variable speeds byof Energy and the introducing regulations on motors forvarying the frequency and voltage applied to the motor byhigh efficiency. Interest in energy saving is also growing

using the inverter.

among energy consumers from the viewpoint of global

In the equipment of reduced torque load characteristics

environmental conservation and also of a cost reduction,and

including fans and pumps,the load torque is proportional to-247-

the square of the rotation speed (air volume),while the output
is proportional to the cube of the rotation speed (air volume).
For this reason,when an inverter controls an operation of
reduced torque load equipment,a large energy saving effectcan be anticipated compared to the commercial power
operation (with damper control).
In addition,a variety of high-efficiency motor control

7.Description of improvement(1)Mitsubishi Electric Corporation developed the technology
to control IPM motor with high performance and highefficiency,and achieved the operation of the IPM motor with
our general-purpose inverter.
Controlling the operation of the IPM motor with high efficiency
attains,approximately 10% more efficiency than operating thetechnologies are incorporated in the latest inverters for

induction motor by the inverter in a 5.5 kW motor example due

realizing energy saving.

to product integration. Additionally,it allows to replace only

(1) High efficiency IPM motor driving

the conventional motor with the IPM motor at the timing if

Recently,high efficiency interior permanent magnet (IPM)

renewing motors in the future,which brings about advantages

motors have received attention for a reason that they produce

to facilitate the adoption of further energy saving.

higher energy conservation effects than induction motors.

The actualization of operation of the IPM motor as well as

IPM motors are synchronous motors that have permanent

induction motor by the general-purpose inverter contributes tomagnets embedded inside the rotor. Induction motors

the simplification of customer’s stock control. Additionally,our

generate magnetic flux by passing current through the rotor

development of the auto-tuning function which can measureconductor to obtain the rotary force (torque),which causes

the circuit constant of IPM motor as well as conventionala loss (secondary copper loss) occurrence in the rotor. In

induction motor enables optimal operation of motors,increasing

contrast,because current does not pass through the rotor in

the range of suitable applications for motors

IPM motors which utilize magnets,loss (secondary copper(2) Mitsubishi Electric Corporation developed and as in actualloss) does not occur,and the efficiency will be better than that

use the control method (optimum excitation control) thatof induction motors.

maximizes the efficiency of induction motors.

(2) Optimum excitation control (Induction motor highFor the fan and pump applications,because the low-speed

efficiency control)

torque is not required,the motor excitation current is controlled

High efficiency control system was also devised for induction

for maximization of motor efficiency to give higher priority

motors. V/F control is generally used,which fixes the ratioon the improvement of the motor efficiency than the torqueof the output frequency and output voltage to the motor.

generation.

However,in optimum excitation control,the excitation current

With a small load torque,further energy saving is enabled. In

and the torque current are diverted from the motor current. The

example of a freezer operation,at 10% motor load torque which

excitation current is controlled so that the motor efficiency

is common torque level for a normal operation,the motor

reaches its maximum efficiency and the output voltage isefficiency under optimum excitation control is about 15%

determined.

higher than the motor efficiency under V/F control.

-248-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

During the newly developed advanced optimum excitation
control,it is possible to generate a large starting torquewhile maintaining the motor efficiency under the optimum
excitation control. This is applicable to the cases when a large
torque is required at startup,such as for the fan with large
inertia.

8.Effect of improvement
Improvement of energy consumption intensity (Option forimproving energy conservation ratio)(1) IPM control
Refer to Figure 1.
(2) Induction motor optimum excitation control
Refer to Figure 2.

9.Economic efficiency and its trend
Economic efficiency: IPM motor life cycle cost (LCC)
simulation (Comparison with general-purpose motor driven
by the commercial power supply).
[Usage conditions] Motor capacity: 15 kW,Air Volume: 70%
Operation time: 16 hours/day x 250 days/year = 4,000 hours/
year.
Refer to Figure 3.

Figure 1

10.Trend in market
Inverter installation rate: 26% ("Progress in Inverters 2016")
Japan Electrical Manufacturers'Association)

11.Reference information (Application example)

13.Cited documents (Reference information)-The Japan Electrical Manufacturers'Association bulletin“Denki” February 2014,"Progress in Inverters 2016"TheJapan Electrical Manufacturers'Association

Refer to the attached appendix documents (1) Air- M i t s u b i s h i E l e c t r i c Te c h n i c a l R e v i e w, A p r i lconditioning in buildings,and (2) Water-cooling pump.

2014,Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

12.Implementation sites

14.Contact information

Mitsubishi Electric FA website www.mitsubishielectric.co.jp/fa

Mitsubishi Electric Corporation.

-249-

Figure 2

Figure 3-250-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT6-1: Air Conditioning in Buildings

1.Category of industry
Fanswell as induction motor by the general-purpose inverter
contributes to the simplification of customer’s stock
control. Additionally,our development of the auto-tuning

2.Principle and operation (Features and advantages)

function which can measure the circuit constant of IPM

In recent years,the energy-saving tendency has been

motor as well as conventional induction motor enables

increasing,which is promoting the introduction of laws andoptimal operation of motors,increasing the range of suitable

regulations in countries worldwide making it obligatory

applications for motors.

the manufacture and sale of high-efficiency motors. In

Refer to Figure 1.

particular,because interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors

3.Effect of improvement

operate at higher efficiency than induction motors,theirhigh energy-saving effect has been attracting attention.
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation developed the technology
to control IPM motor with high performance and highefficiency,and achieved the operation of the IPM motor

Refer to Figure 2.

4.Reference information(1)Awards-Good Design Award 2014 Organizer: The Japan Institutewith our general-purpose inverter.

of Design Promotion

Controlling the operation of the IPM motor with high(2)Documents,etc.

efficiency attains,approximately 10% more efficiency than-The Japan Electrical Manufacturers’ Association

operating the induction motor by the inverter,and 5% morebulletin “Denki” February 2014,The Japan Electricalefficiency than operating the high efficiency induction

Manufacturers’ Association

motor by the inverter,in a 5.5 kW motor example.

-Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Technical Review,April

The actualization of operation of the IPM motor as2014,Mitsubishi Electric Corporation-251-

Figure 1 Comparison example in total efficiency of motors

5.Contact information
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

Figure 2-252-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT6-2: Water-cooling Pump

1.Category of industry
Pumps

control,it is possible to generate a large starting torquewhile maintaining the motor efficiency under the optimum
excitation control. This is applicable to the cases when a

2.Principle and operation (Features and advantages)
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation developed the control method(optimum excitation control) that maximizes the efficiency of
induction motors.

large torque is required at startup,such as for the fan withlarge inertia.

3.Effect of improvement

For the fan and pump applications,because the low-speed-Application: Water-cooling pumptorque is not required,the motor excitation current is-Conditions: 7.5 kW x 10 units

controlled for minimization of motor loss to give higher

Refer to Figure 2&3.

priority on the improvement of the motor efficiency than thetorque generation.
With a small load torque,further energy saving is enabled.

4.Reference information(1)Awards

In example of a freezer operation,at 10% motor load torque-Good Design Award 2014 Organizer: the Japan Institute ofwhich is common torque level for a normal operation,the

Design Promotion

motor efficiency under optimum excitation control is about(2)Documents,etc.

15% higher than the motor efficiency under V/F control.

-The Japan Electrical Manufacturers’ Association bulletin(Figure 1)"Denki" February 2014,The Japan Electrical Manufacturers’

During the newly developed advanced optimum excitation

Association-253-

-Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Technical Review,April
2014,Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

5.Contact information
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

Figure 1 Motor efficiency during optimum excitation
control (Example when an inverter running frequency is
60 Hz and a 3.7 kW motor is used.)

Figure 2

Figure 3-254-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Second Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List

Japan Industrial BP List
Edited by Jianfu Wang

BP1: Promotion of Energy Conservation by Circle Activities
at a Paperboard Manufacturing Plant

1.Details
Under the slogan of “Less Weight,Less Carbon”,Rengo
Co.,Ltd. is making efforts to reduce the weight of corrugatedboards and paperboards. The company has developed

In addition,Saitama Prefecture,where the Yashio Mill islocated,has enforced an ordinance to promote the measuresagainst global warming. Depending on the conditions
certified by the prefecture,companies in Saitama Prefecture

a cutting edge product,C-flute corrugated board and iswere required to reduce their CO2 emissions significantly bypromoting marketing of the product. At its Yashio Mill,Rengo

6%-15% from the base year of FY2002-FY2004.

is manufacturing thin inner sheet to reinforce lightweight

In order to comply with the ordinance,the Yashio Mill

corrugated board. Although energy conservation per area can

implemented the followings:

be achieved as a packaging material,the Yashio Mill needed(1 )Promoted the development and production of thin andto improve its production method urgently to achieve energy

lightweight corrugating medium

conservation by weight.

(2) Promoted energy conservation by introducing the high nip-255-

load shoe press prior to the drying process(3)Implemented energy conservation activities in the material
preparation process by actively introducing energy-savingbasics of the activity. → Establishment of PDCA cycle

3.Energy conservation performance

facilities,a conventional method of small-group activities(Crude oil equivalent)(4)Grass-roots activities to find and implement energy-saving(1) Weight reduction of “Less Weight,Less Carbon” corrugatedmeasures by a newly established energy conservation circle

boards and paperboards: A reduction of 89 kl/year(Team Low Emission Yashio) with the participation of all(2) Reduction of energy consumption of paperboard machines:

members of the circle

A reduction of 1,435 kl/year

The results are: (compared with 2011; crude oil equivalent)(3) Energy conservation activities in the material preparation(1 )Weight reduction of “Less Weight,Less Carbon” corrugatedprocess: A reduction of 3,239 kl/year

boards and paperboards: A reduction of 89 kl/year(4) Grass-roots activities of a small-group energy conservation
circle with the cooperation of business departments: A reductionof 3,900 kl/year
Sum total of the above: 8,663 kl/year
The total reduction reached 8,663 kl/year,achieving an 8%
reduction of total energy consumption of the mill.

4.Advanced nature and originality(1) Rengo is the leader in the industry in the efforts to reduce
the weight of corrugated boards and paperboards. The company
has worked to develop and manufacture C-flute corrugated(2) Reduction of energy consumption of paperboard machines:

board,which has become the standard in Europe and the U.S.

A reduction of 1,435 kl/year

but is still considered a cutting-edge technology in Japan. It(3) Energy conservation activities in the material preparation

also developed a proprietary technology to manufacture thinprocess: A reduction of 3,239 kl/year

corrugating medium for corrugated boards.

(4) Grass-roots activities of a small-group energy conservation(2) After investigating and considering the usage outsidecircle with the cooperation of business departments: A

Japan and technical information,Rengo has introduced the highreduction of 3,900 kl/year

nip load shoe press of the highest linear pressure in Japan. This

The total reduction reached 8,663 kl/year,achieving a 8%

helped the company achieve energy conservation.

reduction of total energy consumption of the mill.

(3) Considered technologies of energy-saving equipment

2.Diagrams,etc.
- Consultants are invited so that the members can learn the-256-

utilizing advanced technologies in the material preparation
process and expanded the technologies to similar facilities in
the mill.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）(4) Based on a newly established energy conservation circle(Team Low Emission Yashio),learned the basics of small-group
activities,established a procedure so that all the employees in

7.Investment efficiency
Vary by case.

the mill can participate,implemented a PDCA cycle to find and8.Secondary results

implement continuous efforts of energy conservation.

Environmental effect: Reduction of CO2 emissions

5.Versatility and expandability(1) Compatible with the existing corrugated boards andpaperboards. Weight reduction is becoming an important issue
in the industry.
(2) A new press machine had been introduced to corrugating
medium making machine. Also,the press machine wasintroduced to liner making machine,too. Introduction andoptimization of new press machine is possible,irrespective ofthe type of paperboard.
(3) Optimizing the facility specification will enable updatingfrom the existing facility and expansion to similar facilities.
(4)Based on a newly established energy conservation circle(Team Low Emission Yashio),learned the basics of small-group
activities,established a procedure so that all the employees in
the mill can participate and advanced the efforts as mill-wide
grass-roots activities.

6.Continuity and sustainability
Based on the energy conservation circle (Team Low Emission
Yashio),implemented mill-wide information sharing frommanagement to rank-and-file employees,through ISO
activities,Environmental Committee and the efforts at
workplace,implemented and continued a PDCA cycle of energy(1) 233 t/year(2) 3,758 t/year(3) 8,483 t/year(4) 10,214 t/year
22,688 t/year in totalAwards:
Minister Prize of Economy,Trade and Industry in the FY2014
Energy Conservation Grand Prize for excellent energy
conservation equipment
Human resources development:
Energy conservation circle consists mainly of young employees
from various workplaces. Through acquiring knowledge on the
structure of equipment,verification of energy usage,gathering
information,and creation and implementation of a plan,the circle
nurtures human resources able to promote energy conservationand other improvements. The participants can also gain
knowledge from other business departments. From a mediumto long-term view,they can broaden their perspectives necessary
when making judgments.
At workplaces,the employees became more aware of the
problems,through the verification and implementation of theideas they have suggested,and also understanding the effectsof such ideas.

conservation activities.

-257-

BP2: ECO Activities to Actualize "Visualization(energy audit)" and"Optimization" Using EQS-AD10 (Environmental Andon System)

1.Details
After obtaining an Environmental Management System(EMS)
in 1996,the company’s facility management department has
implemented energy-saving activities such as controlling
operation of air conditioners and lighting. However,suchactivities were not introduced to manufacturing sites due
to concerns over a possible negative impact on quality andproductivity. With the aim of reducing total costs and preparing
for addressing energy problems,which will be a future challenge
in manufacturing factories,the company has launched activities
to achieve (optimization) both "energy conservation" and thedeveloped at OMRON’s Ayabe Factory,creates graphs andmakes analysis based on gathered data,and also detects gaps
between the current state and the ideal state,thereby supporting
energy audit for appropriate control and prevention of wastefuluse of energy. In addition,all employees at the factory,fromthose in charge of factory management to equipment
operators,can select the layer to check for the status ofproduction and the environment. This enables energy audit withthe participation of all employees at the factory.

2.Diagrams,etc.
Refer to Figure 1.

"improvement of quality and productivity" in 2010. The target
was to become the No.1 eco factory in the industry in three

3.Energy conservation performance

years.

(1)Power consumption for production of the factory (compared with(1)Under the concept of "optimization" and"visualization"

FY2010): A 27.3% reduction (2,741,000 kWh → 1,993,000 kWh).

various sensors were installed on equipment. The collected data(2)Electricity intensity per unit production of the factory

are aggregated by Environmental Andon System (EQS-AD10)(compared with FY2010): A 20.1% reduction.

monitoring system.

<Major cases of improvement>58 cases in total.

(2)Environmental Andon System (EQS-AD10),originally(3)Electricity intensity per unit production of the clean room:-258-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Figure 1
Down by 50%.
(4)Power consumption of the booth in the printing process:Down by 50%.

ety and reliability.

5.Versatility and expandability(5)Power consumption of the clean booth using the fan filter(1)Our activity is not just for visualization of energy usage

unit: Down by 40%.

but also for auditing energy consumption. It can provide(6)Power consumption by lowering temperature setting when

new findings and know-how from a new perspective,and is

the forming machine is not in operation: Down by 35%.

expandable as a value-added energy conservation activity.

(7)Power consumption by improving compressed air:Down by(2)A real-time goal can be set to Environmental Andon System

28% and others.

(EQS-AD10) . Its function to give a forecast or an alarm when

4.Advanced nature and originality

an abnormal condition of electricity and environmental data
is detected and take an appropriate measure improves the(1)Develop and operate an original system,not only forenvironment for energy conservation.

detect electricity consumption,but also to constantly monitor(3)Environmental Andon System (EQS-AD10) has

information on electricity consumption,the environment andbeencommercialized in June 2013 to meet the market needs,so

production once in every minute in real time for 24 hours athat our customers can use the system in their worksites.

day,compare the information with past data for integrated
monitoring.

6.Continuity and sustainability(2)Implement total ECO activities aimed at optimizing all(1)Energy conservation at manufacturing sites is consideredenergy conservation,the environment,quality,productivity,saf

difficult due to concerns over possible deterioration of-259-

productivity and quality. For this reason,we presented

conservation and also introduced energy conservation andmeasurement data to verify that energy conservation measuresenvironmentally-friendly contents not only to the customers

have no negative impact on productivity and quality andthat purchased Environmental Andon System (EQS-AD10)

established an ideal environment in which the manufacturing

and also to other companies and factories,contributing tosites can implement energy conservation measures withoutsociety on a continuous basis.

concerns.

(3)In terms of human resources development,'ECO(2)In order to solve problems at manufacturing

Ayakurian'(The dojo to study about ECO for the educationsites,Environmental Andon System (EQS-AD10) has beenon the environment and handing down knowledge to theintroduced to be used by all employees at the site to promote

next generation was established,to promote factory-wide

energy audit and enhance communication in the workplace.

energy conservation activities.

7.Investment efficiency

1)Patents: 1 patent2)Awards: 3 in total, Minister Prize of Economy,Trade and(1)Investment amounts Recovery periods.

Industries in the FY2012 Energy Conservation Grand Prize(2)Investment amount: 14.8 million yen Investment recovery:

for excellent energy conservation equipment,Keidanren

1.5 years.

Chairman's Award at the 23rd Grand Prize for the Global

8.Secondary results(1)Since its commercial launch as standard software in June
2013,Environmental Andon System (EQS-AD10) has been
accepted by and introduced to more than 160 manufacturing
companies and their offices. It is an environmentally-friendly
ECO activity that leads to social contribution.
(2)It presented a concept of energy conservation at
m a n u f a c t u r i n g s i t e s , t i p s a n d k n o w - h o w o f e n e rg y-260-

Environment Award,etc.
3)Release on newspapers: 8 times (Nikkan Kogyo
Shimbun,Nikkei Monozukuri,etc.)
4)Inspection tours and lecturers outside the company:
About 100 times a yearTop Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP3: Reduction of Base-load Energy Usage

1.Details
After the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011,businessenvironment surrounding the company changed
dramatically,pushing down the operation rate of its
plants significantly. This resulted in the deterioration ofenergy use per unit of output. This was due to high baseload energy usage rate of approximately 70% necessary
for maintaining clean rooms and other utility facilities.
Sharp Corporation Kameyama Plant developed factorywide efforts to lower the rate.
Effort 1: Energy-saving measures introduced to outdoor
air-processing units Recovered heat by flowing heatedengineering departments,determined six conditions
that must not be changed while maintaining interiorconditions (cleanliness,temperature and humidity,air
current,chamber pressure). This reduced circulating air
volume and also decreased energy consumption.
Effort 3: Energy-saving measures utilizing free cooling
effect in winter on formerly low-loaded cooling towers
In order to maintain high operation rate of the cooling
tower,rearranged piping so that the function of thetowers can be switched by season (summer or winter),toreduce energy consumption.
Effort 4: Modification of software to control backup
fans and pumps in the production process (production

water (waste heat) generated in the plant to reheating

units)

coils and also cold/cool water coils even in winter. This

Modified software to control the fans and pumps in the

resulted in the reduction of the amount of both cold/cool

production units so that all the inverter-type fans andand hot/warm water.

pumps,including ones formerly not in operation as for

Effort 2: A reduction of circulating air volume inbackup use,can be operated constantly and also the non-clean rooms In cooperation with the production andinverter-type fans and pumps can be changed to work as-261-

backup,instead.

sought for total optimization by flexible thinking.

This reduced the loss of pressure of dampers and(1)Development of outer air processing technology (Effort 1)

valves,cutting energy consumption.

-Supplied waste heat from the plant to reheating coil

Effort 5: Reduction of power consumption by

and also cold/cool water coil even in winter. This

introducing LED lightings in the plant and offices The

established a system to reduce the usage of both cold/

liquid crystal plant operates 24 hours a day,365 days ayear,consuming a large amount of electricity for lighting.
20,050 fluorescent lamps and mercury lamps in theplant and offices were replaced by LED lamps to reduceenergy consumption.

cool and hot/warm water.
-Established an effective heat recovery system forspring and autumn periods by controlling the amount ofcold/cool water (waste heat).
(2)Enhancement of operation rate of the cooling towers

2.Diagrams,etc.

(Effort 3)

N/A.

-Established a system to improve the operation rateof the cooling towers by switching the function of the

3.Energy conservation performance

towers by season (summer or winter).

Other than listed above,302 measures to save energy
were taken during three years. As a result,energy usage

5.Versatility and expandability

per unit of output for FY2013 improved by 43.3% from

(1)All the measures listed above can be implemented

FY2011.

just by modifying the existing facilities. This concept

Effort 1 Reduction:

2,568 kl/year

can be applied and is expandable not only to device

Effort 2 Reduction:

1,091 kl/ year

factories but also to other industries.

Effort 3 Reduction:

233 kl/ year(2)Four measures except for Effort 5 (ESCO) are cost

Effort 4 Reduction:

458 kl/ year

effective,requiring less than one year to recover the

Effort 5 Reduction:

1,155 kl/ year

cost.

Total

5,505 kl/ year

7,359 ton-CO2/year

4.Advanced nature and originality

6.Continuity and sustainability(1)Energy conservation measures are continuing

Keeping the plant-building concept since its

through small-group activities (under the company-wide

foundation,grasped and analyzed the current situation

system called R-cats).

and future challenges and switched the function of(2)The progress of measures implemented andequipment and coil sections by season. Through utilizing

considered at each factory and each process in thethe potential of each facility/equipment to the full,weKameyama site is reported at the site's energy-saving-262-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

WG every month,so that the report can be utilized byother processes or the other factory in the site.

8. Secondary results(1) CO2 reduction: 7,359 ton-CO2/year(3)Organize study meetings on energy conservation
periodically to raise the knowledge level of theemployees in charge of promoting energy conservation.
(4)Actively promote information sharing with regard
to implementation ofenergy-saving measures andactivities,including participation in the energy-saving
meetings held by other plants,.

(2) Release (newspapers): 4 times including Mainichi
Shimbun(3) Posting literature: 4 times including ENECO(4) Accepting a site visit to our energy-saving facilities:
7 times(5) Joining in a study meeting with other companies:
Once.

7.Investment efficiency
Refer to table below.

Energy saving (1,000 yen/year)

Investment (1,000 yen)

Years required for recovery

Effort 1 45,558

39,4000.86 years

Effort 2 43,238――

Effort 3 5,883

3,000

0.51 years

Effort 4 18,166

16,6000.91 years

Effort 5 45,748―

ESCO contract: 5 years

Total

59,0000.52 years

158,593(Calculation excluded ESCO in Effort 5)-263-

BP4: Reducing CO2 Emissions in the Supply Chain

1.Details

and maintenance',and 'awareness and activities of the(1)Cutting CO2 emissions is a pressing issue because
it increases temperature and causes an abnormal
climate,resulting in global warming. In its new
business vision 'FUSO 2015 Program' released in2011,Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation sets
the target 'Leader in Green Innovation' as one of its
goals. Under the goal,the company launched activities toreduce CO2 emissions in its entire business operations.
(2)The activities aiming to achieve the target 'Leader
in Green Innovation' were implemented by five teams
for 'products','plants and facilities','supply chain','sales

employees'.
(3)Our distribution department takes the lead in
advancing activities to reduce CO 2 emissions in the
supply chain. Since 2011,the company has quantified
and controlled CO2 emissions from cargo transport bytrucks and railroad,cargo handling using forklifts,and
distribution using our trucks.
<Major energy conservation activities>-Modal shift to milk run or rail transport-Introduce electric-powered forklifts to the plants-Utilize carrier cars to transport finished vehicles andenhance direct delivery rate by reducing stopovers

Figure 1-264-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）-Eco-friendly driving training

2.Diagrams,etc.
Refer to Figure 1.

3.Energy conservation performance
The company set a target to reduce CO2 emissions by 5%
in 2015 from 2010 level by introducing milk run,modal
shift,improving the ratio of consolidated cargoes anddirect delivery and introducing electric-powered forklifts.
To achieve this target,the company advanced many
projects.

of CO2 emissions.
(2)Transport of trucks using carrier cars is considered
to be difficult because trucks are larger than passenger
vehicles. The company manufactured eight units of thecarrier car that can carry up to four light-duty trucks at
a time. This further contributed to the reduction of CO2
emissions.
(3)The company also implemented eco-friendly driving
training for the truck drivers at affiliated companies andcooperative companies. This was a new initiative to
reduce CO2 emissions from a different point view.

Numerical target: reduce CO2 emissions by 5% in 2015

5.Versatility and expandability

from 2010 level. It means that target value is 1500 tCO2

(1)Efforts to improve the loading ratio were also madereduction and year target level is 375 tCO2 reduction.

in the distribution of repair parts within the company

In 2012 as activity starting year,418 tCO2 reduction isand containerized transportation to overseas production

achieved and it means over 10% reduction as comparedbases,and achieving an effect. This will be especiallywith the target.

effective for containerized transportation to overseas

4. Advanced nature and originality(1)Our core business is the development,production andsales of trucks. Since the introduction of the modal shift
to rail transport of the delivery of parts in the supply
chain,which encompasses receiving parts from the
suppliers,production and the delivery of vehicles to the

production bases,since in many cases cargoes are
divided or loaded inefficiently for the convenience of thecustomers or the destinations.
(2)Milk run is becoming increasingly popular in thecorporate distribution as a standard method to reduce CO2
emissions. It is expected to prevail further as it reduces
fuel consumption,CO2 emissions and also costs.

customers,may have a negative impact on the company’s
production plan,some people in and outside the company

6.Continuity and sustainability

had a feeling of resistance to the introduction of the modal(1)Improving distribution is an important issue forshift. Focus on the benefits of reducing CO2 emissions by

the manufacturing sector in terms of environmental

introducing the modal shift (change from truck delivery topreservation and cost cutting. The activities were managed

rail transport) lowered the resistance,achieving a reduction

using database to continue the activities.

-265-

(2)Eco-friendly driving training for the truck drivers
at affiliates and cooperative companies,which aims
at enhancing eco-driving techniques and awarenesstoward eco-driving,targets to reduce CO2 emissions on acontinuous basis.
(3)Long-lasting effect can be expected because thecompany improved the distribution process itself andequipment and facilities.

7.Investment efficiency
N/A.

-266-

8.Secondary results(1)Eco-friendly driving training provided to a total of
200 truck drivers at our 150 cooperative companies hasenhanced awareness toward energy conservation and got
it entrenched in our supply chain.
(2)In many cases the efforts to reduce CO2 emissions also
reduce energy cost and production costs.
(3)Electric-powered forklifts emit no exhaust gas and lessnoise,expected to improve the environment in and outside
the plants.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Second Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List

Japan Buiding BAT List
Edited by Jianfu Wang

BAT1: Split-type Air Conditioner 'Kirigamine FZ Series'

1.Category of industry
Electrical equipment

reviewed. In recent years,improvements have been made to theenergy conservation efficiency of air conditioners by increasing
the heat exchanger equipping capacity of the air conditioner

2.Category of technology
Air conditioner

3.Source of energy
Electrical equipment

4.Practical application
November 1,2015

5.Summaryindoor units through enlarging the depth dimension,but
currently there is little room to further increase the depth of the
housing. Therefore,in these products the ventilating efficiency
has been greatly improved while realizing an increase in
the equipping capacity of the heat exchangers by changing
the blowers of the indoor unit from cross flow fans to highefficiency propeller fans,and changing the layout of the heatexchangers from a shape to a W shape. As a result,the models
with cooling capacities between 4.0 kW and 9.0 kW haveThis product is the split-type air conditioner in which theachieved the industry’s leading APF (Annual Performanceinternal configuration of the indoor unit has been radically

Factor) energy conservation efficiency. In addition,these-267-

products realize twin temperature air conditioning by driving
the two propellers independently and incorporate the newly
developed software technology for energy conservationthat reference differences in the perceived temperature of
the persons in the room,indicating the new concept of air
conditioners going forward.

6.Principle and operation
In order to improve the energy conservation (APF: Annual

achieve a large improvement in the energy conservation efficiency.

Performance Factor) of the air conditioner hardware,it

By additionally replacing the cross flow fan with two propeller

will be important to reduce the input of the blower,which

units,it became possible to drive the rotation of the right andconsumes the second largest electric power after theleft fans independently to control the strength of the discharged

compressor. The blower consists of an electronic circuit

airflow. This has led to the development of an energy

board,a motor,and a cross flow fan. From measurements

conservation software technology that enables the creation ofof the efficiency (loss analyses) of each component it was

two temperature zones in a single room.

confirmed that the greatest losses are caused by the fan. Hereit would be possible to drastically reduce the electric power

7.Description of improvement

consumption if the cross flow fan,which has a poor blowing

Before improvement

efficiency,could be changed for a highly efficient propeller(1) Arrangement in which the heat exchanger is arranged

fan. However,propeller fans generally have the characteristic

enclosing the suction side.

of being vulnerable to the pressure rise,so it was previously(2) In order to output the breeze,a slide plate (diffuser) will bedifficult to incorporate them particularly in indoor units

essential.

which incorporate many heat exchangers. In addition,there

After improvement

were no small-sized high-efficiency motors,which meant thatthe reduction of the indoor unit electric power consumption
could not be realized.
In the new products this time,the basic shape of the blower
was radically improved by improving the pressure-raisingcharacteristics of the propeller fans as well as by newly
developing high efficiency small-sized motors that can be built
in to the small boss unit of the propeller fan. Further,because
the heat exchanger incorporating space could be enlarged due(1) The restrictions on the arrangements are eliminated,making

to discontinuing the use of the cross flow fans,it was possible toit possible to have a W-shaped heat exchanger.

-268-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）(2)Due to the increase in the surface area,ventilation resistance(2)Unknown

is reduced.

(3)Reduction of 11.7% in the annual electricity charge (Model

8.Effect of improvement

MSZ-FZ5616S,compared to the previous fiscal year’s model
MSZ-ZW565S)

Improvement of energy consumption intensity (Option for(4)Payback period: Approximately three years

improving energy conservation ratio)(5)Not disclosed-The blower was changed from a cross flow fan to propeller
fans,reducing the electric power consumption during

10.Trend in market

ventilation by 31%. (Comparison at an airflow of 18 m3/min)(1)Number of units to be produced in 2016 (Planned): 10,000-In the large capacity class,the highest rank in energy

units/year.

conservation labeling of '★★★★★' was achieved by the(2)Number of units to be produced in 2017 (Predicted):models between 4.0 kW and 8.0 kW.

20,000 units/year.

-The shape of the heat exchanger was changed from a shape
to a W shape,increasing the equipping capacity for thesame profile by 15%. (27% increase in the actual equipping
capacity).
-In the 5.6 kW,6.3 kW,and 8.0 kW classes,the industry’s
leading energy conservation performance was achieved. (As of
February 19,2016).
-A five-year portion of the cross flow fan energy conservation
improvement rate (13.2%) was achieved in one year.
(Improvement rate: 13.3%).
-By increasing the resolution of the thermopile sensor from theprevious fiscal year’s 4052 pixels to 18392 pixels,a technologythat detects the perceived temperature of the persons in theroom was developed.
-By individually driving two propeller fans to realize twin

11.Reference information(1)CO2 reduction amount: 11.7% (Model: MSZ-FZ5616S;
comparison with the previous fiscal year’s model MSZZW565S)
Due to the right and left independent air flow control,twin
temperature air conditioning is realized,and the electric power
consumption is reduced by 7% (in model MSZ-FZ5616S).
(2)By realizing twin temperature air conditioning whileobserving the perceived temperature (comfort) of two persons
in the room,the ideal for new air conditioners going forward
is indicated.

12.Implementation sites
Mitsubishi Electric Shizuoka Laboratory.

temperature air conditioning,the comfort of users was improved

13.Cited documents

while reducing the electric power consumption by 7% (in the-FY2015 Energy Conservation Grand Prize for excellent

MSZ-FZ6316S model).

9.Economic efficiency and its trend(1)Not disclosed

energy conservation equipment.
Award-winning Entry Abstracts [Products and Business
Models Category],The Energy Conservation Center,Japan-Mitsubishi Denki Giho January 2016,Mitsubishi Electric-269-

Corporation.

Japan Society of Refrigerating and Air Conditioning-'Energy Conservation',February 2016 edition,The Energy

Engineers,Annual Conference 2016.

Conservation Center,Japan.
-Next Generation Split-type Air Conditioner 'Kirigamine FZ
Series' Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy,95,318-326,2016.
-The Energy Conservation Technology and Airflow Control of
Split-type Air Conditioner with Twin-Propeller Fans.

-270-

14.Contact information
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation,Shizuoka Works,Room
Air Conditioner Department,Engineering Section A.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT2: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Heat Pump Water Heatersfor Home Use EcoCute 'ESTIA Premium Model'

1.Category of industry
CO2 Refrigerant High Efficiency Heat Pump Water Heating
System.

which contribute to peak shifting of electric power demand byheating water mainly during the nighttime band,the system isnewly provided with a power-saving additional boiling mode
which enables the reduction of electric power consumption

2.Category of technology

in the daytime additional boiling mode by 25% to limit the

EcoCute System for Home Use

daytime peak electric power demand. Further,by connecting

3.Source of energy
Electrical equipment

4.Practical application
Jun 2016

with HEMS,it is possible to select an operation control thatmakes practical use of photovoltaic power generation in
response to weather forecasts. Control has also been provided
that enables operation of the water heater in response to
notifications of electric power restrictions.
* EcoCute: Registered trade mark of the Kansai Electric

5.SummaryPower Company.

These products are heat pump hot water heaters for home

6.Principle and operationuse (EcoCute*) that use carbon dioxide (CO2) as a natural

EcoCute is a hot water storage type water heater that

refrigerant to realize a high efficiency energy-saving waterproduces hot water by transferring heat from the air to water

heater. They realize a value of 3.6 in the energy conservation

using heat pump technology utilizing carbon dioxide (CO2)Top Runner standards (2017 targets),which is an achievement

which is a natural refrigerant. The annual water heating andrate of 109%. In addition to the characteristics of EcoCute

heat retention efficiency (JIS) is an index stipulated according-271-

to Japan Industrial Standard (JIS C 9220:2011) showing theis not reflected in the annual water heating and heat retention

hot water supply system efficiency that is assumed for theefficiency.

actual use of residential heat pump water heaters,including
the thermal insulation performance of the hot water storage

7.Description of improvement

unit and the heat retention of the bath. The full auto type is a

Before improvement

type that has functions in which a bath is prepared by adding a

See Figure below.

set temperature and amount of hot water to the bathtub,and it

After improvement

additionally has a function (temperature maintaining function)

Compared to the previous models,energy conservation wasfor maintaining the temperature of the hot bath water for a set

realized by making the following improvements.

time.

(1)Improvement of the heating efficiency (Heat pump unit

In these products,reviews were implemented of the heating

performance improvement).

stage where the cold water is heated to make hot water

1)New CO2 rotary compressor: Improvement of the motor(efficiency of the heat pump unit),and of the temperature-efficiency such as by increasing the coil winding and motor

maintaining and usage stage including the hot water storage andelectromagnetic steel sheet lamination thickness.

supply (hot water storage unit radiation loss reduction). This

2) New inverter: Implementation of electric current control

resulted in improving the equipment efficiency and increasing

and optimum motor tuning.

the annual water heating and heat retention efficiency.

3)New water heat exchanger: Change of refrigerant piping to

Additionally,by connecting to an HEMS,it was intended toa thinner diameter and multi-pathing,change of water pipes torealize energy conservation also as a system for the portion thata large diameter,and unification of the water heat exchanger.

-272-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）4)New air heat exchanger: Utilization and duplication of new

added that promote energy-saving behavior by users there

heat transferring pipe shape for carbon dioxide.

will be an approximately 10% CO2 reduction effect in the(2)Improvement of heat usage efficiency (Reduction of heatportion that is not reflected in the annual water heating andloss of the hot water storage unit).

heat retention efficiency. Therefore,a total CO2 reduction1)Improvement of tank can body thermal insulation

effect that is approximately 30% better than previous model

performance using warm cap thermal insulation.

types can be provided.

2)Reduction of heat loss due to the keep and reuse system.
3)Power-saving additional boiling operation.

9.Economic efficiency and its trend(3)Promotion of energy conservation such as by connecting

In these products,the achievement rates with regard towith HEMS,etc.

the FY2017 energy conservation standards have been

1)Demand control by using HEMS connection (Effective

improved to 109% both for the 460L class models for 4

application of photovoltaic power generation in response toto 7-person families and the 370L class models for 2 toweather forecasts,etc.).

5-person families. As a result,compared to this company's2)Light touch remote control (Improvement of user

previous models,a reduction of approximately 3,200

interface,and enhancement of visualization).

yen,corresponding to approximately 12%,can be made3)Reducing the heat loss during bathtub heat retention in

to a family's annual lighting and heating expenditures.

'Assisted heat retention'.

In addition,compared with electric water heaters,an

8.Effect of improvement

annual difference of 40,000 yen or more can be achieved(approximately 68,000 yen as the value calculated using

Improvement of energy consumption intensity (Option forthe 370L fully automatic type),showing the large merits

improving energy conservation ratio)that can be realized by using these products.

EcoCute systems for home use have become energy
conservation Top Runner subject appliances,and target

10.Trend in market

values have been determined for FY2017. For theseIn the overall market for heat pump water heaters for home

products,with regard to the target value of 3.3 for full autouse (EcoCute),there are the following conditions.

model types (classification 17),both the 370L and 460L

(1)The accumulated total number of unit shipments sincemodel types have achieved an annual water heating and heat2001 have been approximately 5,000,000 units (predicted

retention efficiency of 3.6 (an achievement rate of 109%).

at March 2016). This corresponds to a diffusion rate of

The CO2 emissions amount can be reduced by approximately

approximately 9.1% (52,000,000 households,residual rate

15% compared to previous model types when convertedof 95%).

from the annual water heating and heat retention efficiency.

(2) With shipments of 450,000 units/year,in 2017 theBy additionally connecting with HEMS,there will be an

accumulated total unit shipments will reach 5,900,000

approximately 5% CO2 reduction effect,and if the items areunits and the diffusion rate will reach 10.8% (52,000,000-273-

households,residual rate of 95%).

11.Reference information
N/A

12.Implementation sites
N/A

13.Cited documents-Statistics Bureau,Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications 'Statistical Handbook of Japan' (Number ofhouseholds).
-The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry-274-

Association 'Actual shipments of residential heat pump water
heaters'.

14.Contact information
Toshiba Carrier Corporation.
Technical Planning Department,Technical Planning Manager
Mr. Yasunari Daijogo.
yasunari.daijogo@toshiba.co.jp Phone: +81-44-331-7482.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT3: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Refrigerant Heat Pump Water Heater
Using a New Thermal Insulation Structure

1.Category of industry
Water Heaters

effect is anticipated due to the popularization of highefficiency water heaters. Hitachi Appliance concentrated
on the development of CO 2 refrigerant heat pump water

2.Category of technology

heaters that have industry-leading high energy conservation

High Efficiency Water Heaters

efficiencies. In FY2013,new technologies were developed

3.Source of energy
Electricity

4.Practical application
2014

5.Summary
In response to global warming countermeasures and therelating to compressors,evaporators,and water refrigerant heat
converters which are the components of heat pump units,andthe all-new products attained the Top Runner standards(FY2017 target fiscal year) under the Act on the Rational Useof Energy. In the following FY2014,the industry's first hot
water storage unit with a urethane foam-filled heat insulation
structure was developed,and the high efficiency type 370L
model realized the industry's top annual water heating andheat retention efficiency (JIS) value of 3.9.

increasing energy consumption in the household sector,thepromotion of energy conservation in housing and related

6.Principle and operationequipment occupies an important position in Japan’s energy

CO2 refrigerant heat pump water heaters consist of a heat

policy. In addition,for the hot water supply application thatpump unit that heats cold water to generate hot water and atakes up 30% when considering the energy consumption of

hot water storage unit that thermally stores the heated water.

each application in households,a CO2 emissions reduction

During the heating of the cold water to make hot water,stored-275-

water is sent from the lower part of the storage tank to the

new thermal insulating structure used in the industry for thewater refrigerant heat exchanger where the water receives

first time. The details of the improvements shown below relate

the heat from the refrigerant. After heating to a temperature

to the new thermal insulation structure implemented in FY2014.

between 65°C and 90°C according to the settings,the water isreturned to the upper part of the storage tank. When using the

7.Description of improvement

thermally stored hot water,hot water taken from the top part

Before improvementof the hot water storage tank is used to adjust tap water to thePreviously,thermal insulation was provided by incorporating

temperature set using the hot water supply heat exchanger

and mounting separate piecesof expanded bead polystyrene

and the tap water is supplied from the hot water supply faucet(known below as EPS) surrounding the hot water storage(in the case of the 'tap water direct pressure hot water supply'tank which stores the hot water. In addition,metal plates weresystem). The heat pump cycle is a mechanism in which a

incorporated surrounding the expanded polystyrene to form anflow path mainly consisting of a compressor,evaporator,water

enclosure.

refrigerant heat exchanger and an expansion valve is filled

See Figure 1.

with the carbon dioxide refrigerant. The heat obtained fromthe outside air using the evaporator is changed to a hightemperature by the compressor,and passes through the water
refrigerant heat exchanger where the heat is transferred to
the water. The efficiency of CO2 refrigerant heat pump water
heaters mainly depends on the heat retaining performance ofthe hot water storage unit and the efficiency of the heat pumpunit (compression efficiency of the compressor,efficiency
of absorbing heat from the outside air by the evaporator,andFigure 1

efficiency of heating the water in the water refrigerant
heat exchanger). Therefore,in order to increase the annual

After improvement

water heating and heat retention efficiency (JIS),it will be

In the new thermal insulating configuration,urethane is injected

important to improve the hot water storage tank heat retaining

into the outer panel which encloses the hot water storage tank.

efficiency,compressor efficiency,evaporator heat-absorbing

The urethane is foamed inside the outer panel in a configuration

efficiency,and the water refrigerant heat exchanger heatingthat completely fills the surroundings of the hot water storage tankefficiency. Hitachi Appliances therefore promoted developmentwith heat insulating material. Due to this,hardened urethane foam

which focused on these topics. In FY2013,improvements werewith an outstanding thermal insulation performance will surroundmade to the compressor,evaporator,and water refrigerant heat

the hot water storage tank,and will also be bonded to the outerexchanger of the heat pump unit,and in FY2014 the hot water

panel,enabling the formation of a solid and integrated structure.

storage tank was completely covered with urethane foam in a

See Figure 2.

-276-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Figure 3*The APF values in the figure show the annual water heatingand heat retention efficiency (JIS)
Improvements in efficiency obtained by the high efficiency
type utilizing the new thermal insulation structure:

Figure 2• High efficiency type 370L
FY2013 APF 3.6  FY2014 APF 3.9

8.Effect of improvement• High efficiency type 460L

Improvement of energy consumption intensity (Option for[Test conditions] As of July 2014,investigated by Hitachi.

improving energy conservation ratio)(1)The primary energy consumption of the CO2 refrigerant

Calculation of the primary energy consumption was made using
the Building Research Institute’s primary energy calculation

FY2013 APF 3.5  FY2014 APF 3.8

heat pump water heater was calculated using the nextgeneration energy conservation standards in six regions(Region IVb).

program (Housing and Building Energy Conservation(2)The gas water heater (high efficiency type) thermal

Performance Evaluation Program Ver. 1.12) disclosed under theefficiency was calculated as 92.5% using the mode efficiency

revised energy conservation standards (Standards of Judgment

based on JIS S 2075.

for Construction Clients,etc. and Owners of Specified Buildings
Relating to the Rational Use of Energy). The primary energy
consumption are shown in the figure below. The annual water
heating and heat retention efficiency (JIS) of the FY2014 'tapwater direct pressure hot water supply system' high efficiency
type (370L) was 3.9,and the primary energy consumption was
14.95GJ/year. This product realized a primary energy efficiency
which was better than the hybrid type water heater (100L type
FY2013 model) with small primary energy consumption.
See Figure 3.

All new products of Hitachi Appliance’s FY2014 CO 2
refrigerant heat pump water
heaters achieved 100% or more in the Top Runner standards
taking FY2017 as thetarget fiscal year. Due to the spread of theenergy conservation labeling system(according to JIS C9901)
and the implementation of corporate public relations activities,itcan be expected that awareness of the products will increase,improving themarketability.
(2) Economic efficiency
The results of calculating the running costs of hybrid water

9. Economic efficiency and its trend

heaters, high efficiency typegas water heaters, and CO 2(1) Marketability

refrigerant heat pump water heaters are shown in thefigure-277-below. CO2 refrigerant heat pump water heaters, which makeeffective use of reduced-rate nighttime electricity, can be
expected to achieve a greater reduction in hot water supply,
lighting and heating costs than hybrid water heaters and highefficiency type gas water heaters.
See Figure 4.
Figure 4*The APF values in the figure show the annual watersupply thermal insulation efficiency (JIS).

10.Trend in market[CO2 refrigerant heat pump water heater for home use].

[Test conditions] As of July 2014,investigated by(1)Current diffusion rate: Approximately 10%.

Hitachi.

(2) Prediction for 2017 (or 2020): Unknown.

(1)Calculation from the primary energy consumption
calculated using the program in section (1) of Fig. 9.
(2)Calculation was made taking the proportion of gas
and electricity in the hybrid water heater as 40% gas to60% electricity.
(3)Calculation conditions: Calorific value of city gas:
3

45MJ/m (Tokyo Gas city gas,Tokyo region calorificvalue).
(4)The electricity receiving end efficiency was calculated
at 36.9% (From the Energy Conservation Center,Japan

11.Reference information(1)Industrial property rights including patents
Patents relating to electric water heaters,hot water
storage units,and heat pump units Registered: Japanese
Patent No. 5753961,Japanese Patent No. 5760052
Under application: 22 patent applications.
(2)Awards

online glossary entry 'Primary Energy [Electric Power]').

FY2014 Energy Conservation Grand Prize for excellent(5)Calculation was made taking the nighttime electricity

energy conservation equipment,Chairman Prize of ECCJ

consumption ratio for CO2 refrigerant heat pump water
heaters of 80%.
(6)City gas charge: 157.8 yen/m3 (Tokyo Gas July
2014 charge when the amount is between 20-80m3 [Notincluding the basic charge]).
(7)Electricity charge: Hybrid water heater: 27 yen/

FY2015 Japan Society of Refrigerating and Air
Conditioning Engineers,Technology Award.

12.Implementation sites
Throughout Japan.

kWh (Home Electric Appliances Fair Trade Conference
standard rate) [April 28,2014].
(8)Electricity charge: CO2 refrigerant heat pump water
heater: Morning and evening 25.92 yen/kWh,nighttime
12.16 y e n/k W h (M o r n i n g a n d e v e n i n g r a t e s a n dnighttime rates of Tokyo Electric Power Company's'Denka Jozu' season-and-time-specific lighting plan).

-278-

13.Cited documents
N/A

14.Contact information
Hitachi Appliances,Inc.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT4: Technology for Virtually Operating Multiple Storage Batteries as
One Large Storage Battery, and Using for Adjusting the Electric Power
Receiving Balance

1.Category of industry
Energy storage

large numbers of batteries. The battery SCADA virtually
aggregates multiple storage batteries and implements control
of individual batteries so that they behave as though they are

2.Category of technology

one storage battery. This supports the system operation on the

Promotion of renewable energy introduction

upper system,and also enables the introduction of seamless

3.Source of energy
N/A

4.Practical application
Around 2020 (Anticipated)

5.Summarystorage batteries regardless of the scope and the introduction
location.

6.Principle and operation
The storage battery SCADA is positioned below the upper
EMS (Energy Management System),for example theautomatic load dispatching system of the power system
control center of an electric power business operator. It

System instability phenomena create problems and require

receives the commands corresponding to the functions forcountermeasures when there is an increase in the introduction

moderate Demand Response (DR) and Spinning Reserveamounts of renewable energies such as photovoltaic power(SR),such as Load Frequency Control (LFC) and peak cut,andgeneration. Among the countermeasures,the utilization

based on these commands it virtually aggregates manyof storage batteries is effective. While it is believed thatstorage batteries and handles them as if they were a single

these will be introduced going forward,issues will occur

large-scale storage battery (virtual battery).

in the future regarding how to implement control of such

The storage battery SCADA comprehends the specifications-279-

and statuses of individual storage batteries,appropriately

compared to large facilities such as pumped storage power

allocates each of the storage batteries according to theplants.

functions,and gives the battery charging and discharging
instructions. For example,in order to make use of the portion

8.Effect of improvementof consumer side storage batteries that are not being used,theImprovement of energy consumption intensity (Option forbattery charging and discharging schedules of the consumer side

improving energy conservation ratio)

storage batteries are collected. Then,if there is available capacity

There is no energy conservation effect in the batteries or in theand spare time in the storage batteries of each consumer,thebattery SCADA itself. However,because it will become possible

peak cut and peak shifting of the electricity demand is realized

to increase the use of renewable energies by introducing thesethrough coordinating the charging and discharging of thesesystems,this will consequently lead to reductions in CO2

battery portions.

emissions.

See Figure 1.

9.Economic efficiency and its trend

7.Description of improvement

Although these are not actual result values,calculation is carriedThis system is not an improvement,but a proposal of a systemout of a model using consumer side storage batteries (with abased on a new concept. Functionally,the system will become acapacity around 2 GWh) as described below as a substitute for a

substitute for pumped storage power plants. However,because

200,000 kW thermal power generator that is being actively used

there are already no locations in Japan where large capacity

as a peak power source. Although 200,000 kW was assumed as

pumped storage power plants can be constructed,this type ofthe target value,it is believed that the scale of the introduction

software will become necessary. As the merit of utilizing thiscan be adjusted. This trial calculation created a realistic plansystem,because it is possible to introduce only the necessarythat enabled investment payback in 10 years,and it is thoughtamount at the required timing,the threshold of facility

that depending on the operation method it may be possible toinvestment plans can be lowered with regard to the introduction

keep the expenses even lower than this.

Figure 1-280-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）(1)Equipment investment costs: 1.4 billion yen (Not including

battery using the storage battery SCADA,and LFC

the expenses of the consumer side storage batteries)

verification testing',Proceedings of the 2014 Annual(2)Remodeling costs: Included in the above description

Conference of Power and Energy Society,IEEJ,September(3)Running costs: 1.4 billion yen/year 1.4 billion yen/year

2014(4)Payback period: 10 years-Ebata et al,2015 'Demonstration and Business Method

10.Trend in market

of Peak Shifting using Battery Aggregation Technology(1) Current diffusion rate

None(2) Prediction for 2020

Unclear

11.Reference information(1) CO2 emissions reduction amount Unclear(2) Social impact,other1)Patents and utility models-Operation method,operation apparatus of power system,andstorage battery management device(Japanese patent No. P6088737,registration date: February
10,2017)- R e c h a rg e a b l e b a t t e r y s u r p l u s c a p a b i l i t y b o r r o w i n gmethod,power system operation method,power operation
system,consumer side controller,program used for consumer
side controller,system side controller and program used forsystem side controller(Japanese patent application No. P2012-039203,application
date: February 24,2012) Other
2)Awards
None in particular3)Documents,etc.
-Isono,E. 2013 Development of battery aggregation technology
for smart grid. PowerTech (POWERTECH),2013 IEEE
Grenoble pp.1-6

by Demand Response without Restriction of Customer's
Electricity Usage',IEEJ Transactions on Power and EnergyVol. 135 No. 1 (2015),Special Issue of 2014 Annual
Conference of Power and Energy Society,IEEJ pp.78-84.

12.Implementation sites
The storage battery SCADA,collection and distribution
system,and stationary batteries for large-scale supply anddemand adjustment have been installed in a verification
center located in Kohoku Ward,Yokohama City,while storage
batteries for consumers have been installed in offices andconsumers’ houses in Yokohama City,and verification testingis conducted. (Currently implemented under the frameworkof the Yokohama Smart City Project (YSCP))

13.Cited documents
Advisory Committee for Natural Resources andEnergy,Agency of Natural Resources and Energy,8th Basic
Problem Committee 'Report of Verification Committee for
Costs,etc.' http://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/committee/council/
basic_problem_committee/008/pdf/8-3. pdf

14.Contact information
Toshiba Corporation
Tokyo Electric Power Company-Ebata et al,2014 'Creation of a virtually aggregated storage-281-

BAT5: Ultrafine Fiber High Heat Insulating Glass Wool 'Aclearα' series

1.Category of industry
Ceramic engineering

technologies has enabled continuous production of the 3μm
fiber diameter glass wool.
‘Aclear α’ high density 36 kg/m3 model attains thermal

2.Category of technology

conductivity (λ value) of 0.032 W/mK,which is at the world’s

Glass wool heat insulating material

lowest level for the general glass wool heat insulating

3.Source of energy
N/A

4.Practical application
July 2014

material for houses. The product is the only glass wool heatinsulating material which establishes thermal resistancevalue (R value) of 3.3 m2K/W requested for the 2013 energy
conservation standards for walls of wooden houses in cold
areas such as Hokkaido,by only filling in walls of the wooden
houses with normal 105 mm thickness wooden pillars.
‘Aclear α’ low density 20 kg/m 3 model facilitates the

5.Summaryapplication to the houses requiring higher heat insulating‘Aclear α’ is mat type glass wool heat insulating material withperformance such as the certified low carbon houses and thethe world’s first approx. 3μm fiber diameter. In the case of

Zero Energy Houses (ZEH) in Honshu and southward,and

mat type glass wool manufactured by the centrifugal spinning

drives the construction of the houses with higher heat

method,4μm was considered as the limit value of the fiber

insulating performance than the highest grade houses certified

diameter; however,development of fiberizing and forming

in energy conservation standards.

-282-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Figure 1'Aclear α' contains no formaldehyde to keep health and(1) Fiberizing technology for 3μm fibers.

environment,has good workability for easy cutting,and ultrafine

Glass wools are manufactured by ‘the centrifugal spinningfiber prevents glass wool’s unique itchy touch. These features

method’. In the case of the batt type glass wool that can be

are supported by carpenters and construction workers and are

manufactured using this method,4μm was considered as the

expected to facilitate the spread of the product in the future.

limit value of the fiber diameter. Development of the newly

See Figure 1.

designed device assemblies and the manufacturing conditions

6.Principle and operation
N/A

7.Description of improvement

has enabled the production of glass wool of 3μm fiber diameter
having a sufficient length for the mat type.
(2) Forming technology for high density board using ultrafine
glass wool of 3μm diameter.
Collection of fiberized fiber by suction is required in order[Technological features]to form glass fiber into mat. However,in the case of forming

Progressiveness and originality

ultrafine fiber (equal to or less than 3μm in diameter) into thick'Aclear α' was developed using the following two progressive

glass wool mat,large suction load in the fiber collecting zone

and original technologies.

prevents the manufacturing of the intended thickness of the-283-

Figure 2
product.

<Comparison between a Grade 3 house certified in energy

In order to solve this problem,a new manufacturingconservation standards and an Aclear

method,which forms thin blanket at first and laminates them toα-installed house with thermal resistance value of 3.3 m2K/W>

create a thick batt,instead of directly forming a thick batt,wasArea 1: about 25,000 yen

developed and newly designed manufacturing device was put

Area 6 and southward: about 57,000 yen

into practical use.

( Area1: Northernmost region,e.g. Hokkaido,Area3,4: Northern

See Figure 2.

Honsyu region,Area 6: Southern Honsyu region)

Area 3 to 5: about 145,000 yen

See Table 1.

8.Effect of improvement•Reduction effect of primary energy consumption

Improvement of energy consumption intensity (Option for< Calculation results for model houses of Autonomous

improving energy conservation ratio)

Circulating House Development Project using Aclear α[Energy conservation](Annual)>• Annual energy cost reduction per house

See Table 2.

Table 1

Table 2

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Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Natural Resources and Energy

9.Economic efficiency and its trend

Sponsor: The Energy Conservation Center,Japan,[Economic efficiency and marketability](1) On account of the imposition of New Energy Conservation
Standards for 2020,ratio of the high grade energy-saving houses(provisional title: super next-generation houses),i.e. ZEH(Zero
Energy House),LCCM(Life Cycle Carbon Minus House),etc.,isestimated to reach approx. 10% of detached residences.
(2) Popularization of super next-generation houses is expected
to reduce annual primary energy consumption of houses in 2020by 176,000 GJ,which is about 4,600 kl as crude oil equivalent.
Reduction of primary energy consumption by introducing super

The Annual Grand Prize of the ECHO CITY Product 2014
Sponsor: NIKKEI Architecture,NIKKEI Homebuilder(2)Documents,etc.
The Energy Conservation (April 2015),P.56"Ultrafine fiber high heat insulating glass wool ‘Aclear α’series"11.Implementation sites
N/A

next-generation houses

12.Cited documents< Comparison with Grade 3 houses > * E s t i m a t e d b y A s a h i

Application documents and presentation documents for the

Fiber Glass Co.,Ltd.

Energy Conservation Grand Prize 2014

See Table 3.

Asahi Fiber Glass Products Catalogue

10.Reference information

13.Contact information(1)Awards

Asahi Fiber Glass Co.,Ltd.

-Energy Conservation Grand Prize 2014,Products and Business
Models Department,Director General Prize of Agency of

Table 3：Reduction of primary energy consumption by introducing super next-generation houses< Comparison with Grade 3 houses >Total reduction of primary energy consumption by super next-generation houses (GJ)
Area 3 to 5 (GJ)
Area 6 and southward (GJ)
Converted to crude oil (kl) (by 0.0258 kl/GJ)

2014
223
74
149
6

* Estimated by Asahi Fiber Glass Co.,Ltd.
2015
5,533
1,842
3,691
143

2016
15,130
5,037
10,093390

2017
33,051
11,00322,048853

201859,491
19,80539,6861,535

2019
107,084
35,64971,434
2,763

2020
176,80358,458118,345
4,562

-285-

BAT6: High-performance Triple-glazed Vinyl Windows APW430

1.Category of industry

coefficient values of the windows currently most popular in

Nonferrous metals and metal products

Japan consisting of aluminum frames and multilayer glass.)
They greatly limit the inflow and outflow of heat from

2.Category of technology

building openings,enabling a large reduction in the coolingHigh-performance thermal insulation materials (forand heating energy consumption. Additionally,the productconstruction use)

lineup also includes the high-end APW430Kr model with aheat-transfer coefficient of 0.78W/m2K.

3.Source of energy

Further,the lineup of products also contains glass that is

N/A

designed to enhance the acquisition of solar radiation in
wintertime,and "wind-catching multiple windows"which are

4.Practical application

suitable for generating breezes and providing ventilation in2014

summertime and in the evenings,as optimum windows forrealizing lifestyles that avoid using energy as far as possible.

5.Summary
APW430 windows comprise YKK AP original low-E triple-

6.Principle and operation

glazing (three layers of glass) having a total thickness of(1)New frame and glass designs for realizing U-values which

41mm and a high thermal insulation vinyl frame. They realize

are less than 1.0W/m2K Low-E triple-glazing (three-layer

a world top-class thermal insulation performance with a heat-glass) is utilized,and the optimum air layers are set to obtain2transfer coefficient of 0.90W/m K. (This corresponds tothe highest thermal insulation performance. Argon gas andan approximately 75% smaller value than the heat-transfer

krypton gas are used as the gases contained inside the air-286-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）layers,which maintain a high thermal insulation effect.

than simply enhancing only the heat-transfer coefficient,two

It was also intended to improve the thermal insulation

types of triple-glazing were developed utilizing low-E films.

performance of the frame itself by giving the frame a large(Refer to Fig. 2)

depth dimension and by adopting an exclusive design (multi-(3)Development of window opening forms,functional parts,andchamber structure) in which the number of chambers (number

screens that are suited to acquiring breezes and ventilationof hollow gaps (partitions) which prevent the transfer ofSpecial devices have been incorporated which make it easy toheat between the inside and outside of the room) have beenrealize energy reductions by opening the windows,such as aincreased. Compared to standard double-glazed vinyl window"wind-catching multiple window" that positively introduces

frames,the heat-transfer coefficient has been reduced by 13%.

breezes,and by providing a half-locking function as standard(Refer to Fig. 1)

equipment to enable ventilation without worrying about(2)Development of glass types that enhance the solar radiation

security. In addition,the windows incorporate

heat acquisition rates (Best balance of heat-transfer coefficientYKK AP’s original Clear Net screens which acquire a 20%

and solar radiation heat acquisition rate)

greater ventilation amount than previous types of window

The heat-transfer coefficient and solar radiation heat acquisition

screens,enhancing comfort when the windows are open.

rate have a reciprocal relationship. That is,although the heattransfer coefficient will be enhanced if a blue or bronze-colored

7.Description of improvement

low-E film is utilized,the use of this film will cause a large

Before improvement

reduction in the solar radiation heat acquisition rate. In the

In general houses,the greatest amount of inflow and outflow of

APW430,as a result of seeking the “best balance” between theheat occurs at the openings. In houses with standard aluminumheat-transfer coefficient and solar radiation heat acquisition rate

windows (multilayer glass),as much as 52% of the heat inwhere the energy reduction effect will become the highest,rather

wintertime flows out through the windows.

Fig. 1

Improvement in frame thermal insulation performance due to the adoption of a multi-chamber structure-287-

Fig. 2 Glass specifications realizing an outstanding balance between thermal insulation and solar radiation heat acquisition

After improvement
When the high-performance triple-glazed vinyl windows areused,the outflow of heat from the windows is limited to 12%.
Refer to Figure 3.

8.Effect of improvement

similar reduction effect on the CO2 emissions.

9.Economic efficiency and its trend
In the housing design and construction aspects,merits will
be realized with regard to resource-saving and to costs. By
simply utilizing APW430 windows without needing to change

Improvement of energy consumption intensity (Option for

the frame structure,integration and construction methods,itimproving energy conservation ratio)

will be possible to realize a large energy reduction effect.

As the cooling and heating energy reduction effect,taking the

For example,in the case of reducing the cooling and heatingcase of Tokyo as an example,APW430 windows are capableenergy by 10%,which is the standard for certified low carbonof realizing a value of 184MJ/m2,a 32% reduction from thehousing,when using the method of utilizing aluminumvalue of 275MJ/m2 achieved when using aluminum multilayer

multilayer glass windows while changing the thickness of theglass windows. (Converted to an electricity charge,this is awall thermal insulating materials,it is expected that there will be

reduction from 71,104 yen/year to 48,388 yen/year.) In thecost increases of 1,000,000 yen or more due to the materials andcase where the air conditioning is additionally stopped andconstruction expenses. Implementation will also be difficult fromventilation is carried out,a value of 152MJ/m2 is realized bya construction point of view. In contrast,if APW430 windows are

the APW430 windows,which is a reduction of 45%. (Whenutilized instead while leaving the building frame unchanged,it

converted to an electricity charge,this is a reduction fromwill be possible to realize a 23% reduction in the cooling and

71,104 yen/year to 39,539 yen/year.) There will also be aheating energy compared to the use of aluminum multilayer glass-288-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）[Calculation Conditions] · Housing thermal insulation specification: Level compatible with next-generation energy
conservation standards · Housing model: Complies with calculation models in the "Explanation of energy consumption
calculation methods in the standards for judgment of residential construction clients",two stories,floor area:
120.08m2,proportion of openings: 21.0% (Regions I and II),26.8% (Regions III to VI) · Used software: AE-Sim/Heat(Building heat environment simulation program)/Architecture Environment Solutions Inc. · Weather data: "Expanded
AMeDAS Weather Data"2000 Edition,Reference year/(one company) Architectural Institute of Japan (Tokyo) · Assumed
number of residents: 4 persons · Assumedcooling and heating equipment: Air conditioners · Air conditioner settings:
Heating 20℃,cooling 27℃60% humidity,all-building integrated operation (Operation in which cooling and heating is
implemented continuously 24 hours in each living room and non-residential room,including times when residents are notin the rooms.)

Fig. 3 Proportions of heat outflow in the winterwindows. In addition,the costs will consist only of the difference

use of vinyl windows in detached housing was 17% in

in window costs,so the amount will be limited to around 500,000

FY2016 and 13% in FY2014. (Survey by the Japan Sashyen. Further,because the thermal insulation performances of the

Manufacturers Association)walls and the windows will become closer,it will be possible toOverseas diffusion rate: Germany 64%,China 30%,Unitedachieve uniform temperatures in the rooms. This will not onlyStates 65%

realize an energy conservation effect,but also creates merits with(2)Prediction for 2017 and afterwards

regard to comfort. (Refer to Fig. 4).

YKK AP has cited the target of achieving a diffusion rate

10.Trend in market

for vinyl windows of 30% of the market by 2020,and isaiming to make further contributions to preserving the(1)Current diffusion rate:earth's environment while realizing people’s healthy andJapan: In the overall industry,the rate of change to the

comfortable lives.

-289-

Fig. 4 Resource-saving and cost effectiveness from the housing design and construction aspects

11.Reference information(1)Social impact
The diffusion of vinyl windows will greatly contributeto the reduction of Japan’s overall energy consumption.
According to the Energy White Paper 2015,the amount ofenergy consumed in the household sector made up 14.4%(2,014PJ in FY2013) of Japan’s total energy consumption.
Out of this amount,25.7% was used in cooling and heating

one nuclear reactor is 7 billion kWh (Source: Agency for
Natural Resources and Energy)),or the consumption by
6,800,000 general households (when the annual electric
power consumption of a general household is 3,600kWh(Calculation by the Federation of Electric Power
Companies of Japan)).
(2)Development of APW430Kr windows with a thermal
insulating performance further improved from the world

applications,which corresponds to 3.7% of Japan’s total

top-class APW430

energy consumption. Because changing from aluminum

APW430Kr windows were developed,in which thermal

windows (multilayer glass) to vinyl windows will result

insulating materials are inserted inside the APW430

in a 45% energy reduction,the reduction contribution

frame,and krypton gas which has an outstanding thermal

amount will be 3.7% x 0.45 = 1.7% (238PJ). (In the caseinsulating performance is injected into the air layers.

of nuclear power generation,the calorific value of each

(Refer to Fig. 5) The APW430Kr is a high-performance

reactor is 9.76MJ/kWh (from the Act on the Rational Use

triple-glazed vinyl window that realizes a heat-transfer

of Energy),so 238PJ will equate to 2.44x1010kWh.) Thiscoefficient (U-value) of 0.78W/m2K*1,and is available

will be equivalent to the energy generated by 3.4 nuclear

with glass colors of blue and bronze.

reactors (when the annual electric power generated by(3) Patents,awards,etc.

-290-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）-Two patent applications submitted [Awards]-4th HEAD (Home Environment Advanced Design) Best-Good Design Award (2011)

Selection Award (2014)

Name of awarded item: "Window Business and APW-Kitaguni Energy Conservation and New Energy Grand

Brand [APW]"

Prize 2015 (Hokkaido Bureau of Economy,Trade andIndustry,METI)-25th Grand Prize for the Global Environment
Award,Minister Prize of Economy,Trade and Industry(2016)

12.Implementation sites
Throughout Japan*1: The heat-transfer coefficient is a value that

13.Cited documents

indicates the ease by which heat is transferred,in

N/A

which smaller numbers indicate a better
performance. (In-house method/ Results of inhouse testing compliant with JIS A 4710:2004)*2: The thermal insulation material insertion

14.Contact informationYKK AP Inc.

locations differ depending on the window type.

Fig. 5 APW430Kr-291-

BAT7: High Performance Heat Insulating Plastic Windows

1.Category of industry
Architectural material

2.Category of technology
High performance heat insulating materials

insulating performance of windows,at which the largest heatloss in houses occurs (71% of heat enters in summer and 48%
of heat in the warmed up rooms escapes in winter throughwindows) is quite effective in order to save energy in houses.
Accordingly,a plastic sash with high performance andhigh functionality was developed. The product has high

3.Source of energy

heat insulating performance with thermal transmittanceN/A

U value of 0.80W/m2K,about 5 times as high as the next-

4.Practical application
2014

5.Summarygeneration standard for window sashes,and provides the
additional functions for untroubled living conditions such as
high security performance with certified CP mark,disasterpreventing ability and sound insulating properties(JIS classification T-2). The products include all types

Generally high-efficiency air conditioners and hot water(casement,double sliding,fixed fitting etc.) and size of sashes

suppliers are introduced in order to save energy in houses.

designed for any part of the house.

However,no matter how high the performance of installed air
conditioner is,poor performance of heat insulation of house

6.Principle and operation

causes leakage of the conditioned air to the outdoors and(1)Development of the 3-layer glass with optimized midair

results in the waste of energy. Thus,improvement of the heat

layer thickness-292-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

The product comprises 3 sheets of glass and enhances heat

film’,which retains heat in winter and shields heat from sun

insulating performance by filling 2 midair layers with krypton

light in summer. The 'cold area type (solar radiation heatgas,which has large specific gravity,low thermal conductivity ofacquisition rate of 0.47)'positively collects solar heat and the

2.6 times as high as dry air,1.7 times as high as argon gas,and‘warm area type (solar radiation heat acquisition rate of 0.31)’

2

thermal transmittance of 0.009 W/m K. The thermal resistanceshields solar heat,and the performance of the heat insulation

increases in proportion to the thickness of the midair layer,but

and the heat shielding is improved by selecting a proper typewider thickness eventually causes convection which suppressesof glass depending on the living area. In addition,synergy

the thermal resistance. Hence,the thickness of 10mm waseffect with laminated glass enables filtering out 99% of UV

selected,which results in minimum convection and high thermalrays.

resistance,by a computer simulation and an evaluation test(4)Development of high performance plastic sashes

using a heat flow meter. Further,the 3-layer glass structure with

The heat insulating performance is improved by expanding

2 sheet of Low-E glass and a sheet of laminated glass enables

dimensions of glasses which have excellent heat insulating

to suppress the resonance and provides the excellent soundefficiency,finding optimum cross sectional design whichinsulating properties (JIS classification T-2).

retains both the strength of plastic members and the heat

Refer to Figure 1.

insulating performance,reducing the ratio of the plastic(2)Development of plastic spacers

members and increasing the number of the frame chambers

Generally spacers forming a midair layer are made of aluminumand the midair layers to suppress heat conduction.

to secure strength. The newly developed plastic spacers withadequate strength can eliminate metal members which easily

7.Description of improvement

conduct heat and can increase heat insulating performance by 0.1

Before improvement

W/m2K (about 12%).

-Multi-layer glass(3)Using 2 types of Low-E glass with different insolation-Single Low-E

properties 2 types of Low-E glass with different insolation-Filling with argon gas

properties are applied. They are coated with'special metal-Aluminum spacer

Fig. 1-293-

-Chamber (Sash 1,Frame 3)-Filling with krypton gas-Plastic spacer-Multi-layer chamber (Sash 3,Frame 4)-Downsizing of plastic frame by 26%

8.Effect of improvement
Improvement of energy consumption intensity (Option forimproving energy conservation ratio).
Comparison with single glass aluminum sash which is mostpopular in Japan.
Refer to Table 1.

9.Economic efficiency and its trend
Payback period: 8 years by replacing from the aluminum
Thermal transmittance U value Casement,Fixedsash and the single sheet glass.

fitting: 1.40 W/m2K Double sliding: 1.50 W/m2K

10.Trend in market
After improvement-3-layer glass-Double Low-E(1)Current diffusion rate
Ichijo Co.,Ltd has a 15% share of the domestic plastic
sash supply. However,the domestic plastic sash market isabout 17.0% of the total sash market and the adoption rateis still very low.
(2)Prediction for future
Recently,aluminum sash suppliers are changing their main
products to the plastic sashes.
Because the adoption rate of the plastic sash is increased
9% more than 3years before,it can be expected that it
depends from now on and is being increased.

11.Reference information
Thermal transmittance U value Casement,Fixed

Social impact

fitting: 0.80 W/m2K Double sliding: 1.00 W/m2K

The crime-prevention laminated glass can secure family-294-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）members and household goods by preventing intrusion

Vinyl Environmental Council,"A study for delightfulof sneak thief and protecting from ballistic fragments

windows"

during abnormal climate (typhoon,tornado).

Japan Sash Manufacturers Association,"Usage survey of

12.Implementation sites
All over Japan (except Okinawa Prefecture)

13.Cited documents
References

house construction materials"
PVC Windows Industries Association webpage

14.Contact information
Ichijo Co.,Ltd

Table 1
Items
Basic primary energy consumption (MJ/year)
Performance of sash (Thermal transmittance)Primary energy consumption for refrigerated air conditioning (MJ/year)
Primary energy consumption for refrigerated air conditioning (kWh/year)
Electric power charge (yen/year)
Energy conservation achievement rate (%)
Calculated CO2 emi-ssions (ton-CO2/year)

This product0.8W/m2 • K
12,716
3,533
95,378147
1.88

Single glass This productaluminum sash
18,749
6.51W/m2 • K
21,5966,000
16,19887
3.19

Difference in performance——-5.71W/m2 • K-8,880-2,467-79,180——-1.31*1 Calculated with an online program provided by Building Research Institute,using the company's housing specification
as the conditions for standard model plans of the business operator.
*2 Calculated using standard unit electricity price of 27 yen/kWh (tax included) based on "About the Revision of'Standard Unit Electricity Price' "issued by Home Electric Appliances Fair Trade Conference on April 28th 2014.

*3 Calculated using actual CO2 emission factor of 0.000531 (ton-CO2/kWh) by Tokyo Electric Power
Company,based on "CO2 Emission Factors by Electric Business Operators (Actual results of FY2013)".

-295-

BAT8: Light-Weight, Small-Sized, Low-Cost High Efficiency
High-Bay Lighting Fixtures

1.Category of industry
N/A

the fixtures and the realization of higher outputs have beenrequired. By changing the unified structure of the previous
LED high-bay lighting fixtures to a separate unit structure,and

2.Category of technology

by utilizing an extruded heat sink made from a high-purity

Lighting

aluminum material,these products realized an approximately

3.Source of energy
Electrical equipment

4.Practical application

66% reduction in weight,51% reduction in size,and a 44%
lowering in prices compared to the previous products. In
addition,due to the use of an optimum structural designthat took advantage of heat simulations,the heat dissipating
efficiency was improved to achieve an energy consumption

February 1,2015

efficiency of 159.4 lm/W (a 49% improvement compared to

5.Summarythe previous products),and a high output model lineup was also

These products are LED lighting fixtures for use in buildings

and applicability,together with the reduction in prices realizedwith high ceilings. Improvements have been made toby these products can be expected to result in promoting theapplicability by reducing their weight and size and loweringchange to utilize LED high-bay lighting fixtures.

the prices. Although the switch to LED utilization in highbay lighting fixtures used in factories,warehouses,etc. has
been progressing,improvements in the weights and prices of-296-

realized. The improvement in energy conservation efficiency

6.Principle and operation(1)Development of compact fixture units with favorable heat

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）dissipation.

point in addition to the price and performance for increasing theCompact high-output fixture units with favorable heatmerchantability.

dissipation were developed. By combining these units,fixtures

After improvement

achieving at most a high flux equivalent to that of 1 kW metal

It was attempted to make the weight and size smaller than

halide lamp fixtures were realized in compact forms that did

previous products,to enhance the applicability,and also to reduce

not exceed the dimensions of high-bay light fixture types withthe costs. In particular,the merchantability was to be improved

previous light sources. In particular,focus was placed on realizing

from the aspect of applicability,which could not be said tothe optimum heat sink design within the limited dimensions

be comparable with that of lighting fixtures incorporatingof compact,high-output fixture units,and the design also gave

previous light sources. This was to allow a strong appeal to beconsideration to the ease of production and installation as

made for the total merchantability of LED lighting which has

well as the manufacturing cost. Due to this,the high-output

an outstanding environmental performance. Additionally,thefixture unit realized a favorable heat dissipating performance.

energy conservation performance was further improved toFurther,by combining high-output fixture units,productdevelop lighting fixtures with specifications that will decide thevariations with various types of light output were developed.

dramatic popularization of the products.

(2)Reduction in weight of the fixture structure
It was attempted to optimize the strength,material quality,and

8.Effect of improvement

form not only of the heat sink and the surrounding structure,but

Improvement of energy consumption intensity (Option foralso the materials of the fixture main frame,etc.,and a structure

improving energy conservation ratio).

was realized that secured an adequate functional strength when

While aiming to reduce the weight and size of products andthe fixture has been fixed while still realizing a lightweight

reduce the costs,it was also intended to improve the energy

structure.

conservation performance at the same time.

7.Description of improvement
Before improvement

In Phase 1 of the product development,in early 2015 the specificenergy consumption efficiency was improved by realizing a134.9 lm/W LED high-bay lighting fixture (equivalent to a 400

Although the energy conservation efficiency of previous high-W type mercury lamp lighting fixture). Additionally,in Phasebay LED lighting was outstanding when compared to that of

2 in July 2015 the specific energy consumption efficiency

previous light sources (such as discharge lamps),there were

was further improved to 158.8 lm/W due to the utilization

also inferior elements compared to previous light sourceof high efficiency LED elements,an optimal LED element

products such as the aspects of cost and weight,and thesearrangement,and a newly designed power source unit.

aspects adversely affected the appeal of the product in the sales
promotion process. Particularly when used as lighting fixtures

9.Economic efficiency and its trend

for indoor facilities,for the reason that the number of units

As these products make it possible to replace almost all

installed often becomes large,the applicability becomes a keyof the HID lamp high-bay fixtures that are widely used-297-

for lighting indoor facilities with high ceilings,including
factories,warehouses,gymnasia and commercial facilities,themarketability is extremely high. In addition,an economic(2)Prediction for 2017: 100,000 units/year

11.Reference information

efficiency can be realized that enables recovery of the difference[Example]in initial costs in approximately two years,by limiting the initial

Case showing the effect of using these LED high-bay lightcosts to approximately 2.4 times the amount when comparedfixtures instead of 400 W mercury lamp fixtures for 45

with mercury lamp ceiling fixtures,and by achieving the runninghigh-bay light fixture units in a factory for approximately

costs of approximately a quarter of the mercury lamp’s costs aseight hours a day over a one-year period.

a result of the 74% energy conservation effect.

Electric power consumption: Reduction of approximately

The economic effect is shown in figure 1 below,which takes

40,000 kWh.

the model in the product lineup with the most outstanding

Electricity charges: Reduction of approximately 1,100,000 yen

specific energy consumption efficiency as an example. As canbe understood from this cost-comparison graph,even in thecase with renewal investment,the calculations show that theinvestment can be recovered in 3.3 years.

-CO2: Reduction of approximately 17t.
-Corresponds to the CO 2 annual absorption amount ofapproximately 1500 beech trees.
-Calculated at the used electricity charge unit price of 27

10.Trend in market

yen (New Electric Power Charge Standard Unit Price)(1)Actual sales results between April 2015 and September-The CO2 emissions amount is calculated by multiplying

2015: 25,347 units

the consumed electric power amount by the emissions

Figure 1-298-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）factor of 0.43 kg-CO2/kWh.

-Dempa Shimbun Daily (LED high-bay lighting fixtures)(Based on the Industrial Structural Council,Committee

November 15,2012.

on industrial Science and Technology Policy and-Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun (Nikkei Industrial Journal) (LED

Environment,Global Environment Subcommittee,Natural

high-bay lighting fixtures) November 16,2012.

Resources and Energy Working Group of the Ministry of-2013 CJK Lighting Conference (Gwangju) (LED high-Economy,Trade and Industry in FY2009).

bay lighting fixtures) August 23,2013.

-Calculated from the approximately 11kg annual amountof CO2 absorbed by a single beech tree.

14.Contact information
Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation

12.Implementation sites

Planning Manager,Technical Planning Department,Technology

N/Aand Product Quality Management Division.

13.Cited documents

Phone: +81-46-862-2165 FAX: +81-46-861-5164

Announcements made to academic societies andnewspapers.

-299-

Second Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List

Japan Building BP List
Edited by Jianfu Wang

BP1: Promotion of Super Energy-saving Construction by Achieving"Japan's First Urban-style Zero Energy Building (ZEB)"

1. Details
In order to combat global warming,the Japanesenet zero,which is achieved by combining ultimate energy
conservation efforts and the creation of energy. Taisei

government targets a 26% cut in greenhouse gas

Corporation built a ZEB demo building in May 2014 at its

emissions by 2030. The country’s private sector isTechnology Center. It achieved ZEB (net ZEB),meaning

required to achieve an even tougher goal of approx.

net zero of primary energy consumption,during three

40% reduction from FY2013 levels.

consecutive years from 2014 to 2016.

Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs) that achieves significant

The following technologies were introduced:

energy conservation are expected to contribute greatly to(1) A system combining equipment to use natural lightachieve these goals. ZEBs are environmentally-friendly

and high efficiency LED lightings to achieve sufficientbuildings whose annual primary energy consumption isbrightness with low luminance: energy consumption for-300-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）lighting reduced by about 86% .
(2) Task and ambient air conditioning combining air
conditioning by radiation from the building structure
utilizing exhaust heat from fuel cells and personal floor
air outlet control: energy consumption for air conditioning
reduced by about 76% .
(3) Energy creation by installing high efficiency
single crystal silicon solar power panels on the roof
and introducing outer wall units of organic thin-film
photovoltaics,an essential unit to realize an urban-type
ZEB .
(4) Optimum operation control using the company’s
proprietary next-generation T-Green BEMS.

3.Energy conservation performance(1)ZEB demo building (demonstrated values):
Energy consumption: 437 [MJ/m2d·year],energy
creation: 484 [MJ/m2·year](2)Energy conservation of 103% attained in annual
energy balance(energy conservation: 76%,energy
creation: 27%)(3)Reduction of energy consumption: 62 kL/year(Gap of primary energy consumption with that of astandard building* x crude oil conversion factor)* Standard building:1817 MJ/m2·year

4.Advanced nature and originality
So-called ZEBs can also be found outside Japan.

2.Diagrams,etc.

Many of them feature solar power generation in avast area or energy creation using biofuel broughtin from outside the building. Meanwhile,our demobuilding achieves zero energy balance combining
the latest energy conservation technologies and solar
power generation. The state-of-the-art technologies
include the system to bring in natural light tothe back of the office space,the task and ambient
lighting system considering brightness to the eye,andTaisei Corporation’s ZEB demo building

air conditioning by radiation from the building
structure utilizing exhaust heat from fuel cells. It
is one of the few cases that realize net ZEB in asmall land area,where sufficient energy creation isdifficult,without relying on the supply of renewableenergy from outside the building.

Annual energy balance-301-8.Secondary results(1)CO2 reduction: 122 t-CO2/year [0.1 t-CO2/m2·year](Gap of CO2 emissions compared with that of a standard
building x CO2 emissions conversion factor)(2)No. of visitors: 12,000 (June 2014–May 2017)(3)Patents and utility models: 11 (energy-saving air
Task and ambient lighting system

conditioning systems,etc.)(4)Certifications: BELS ★★★★★

5.Versatility and expandability

LEED-NC Platinum certification,etc.

In April 2014,the Japanese cabinet has adopted the(5)Awards:

basic plan on energy,which includes the target for ZEB.

-Environment Minister's Award for Global WarmingThis case is a demonstration of an urban-type ZEB andPrevention Activity (2014)

verified the feasibility of ZEBs. For this reason,this-5th Energy-Efficient Lighting Design Awards (2014)case is versatile and expandable to other buildings that

-Japan Resilience Award (2015)

wish to be ZEB.

-Good Design Award (2015)

6.Continuity and sustainability(6)Literatures:-FY2015 Annual Convention of Architectural Institute of'T-ZEB simulator',a planning tool,has been developed

Japan,etc.

after consideration of the achievement of ZEB (net-'Zaikai'ZEB) at the ZEB demo building. It is a unique-'Nikkei Architecture'technology to enable consideration of energy balance-'Shinkenchiku'

and cost study in a short period of time depending-'Building Mechanical and Electrical Engineer'on the ZEB level. For the future,the company will-'Electrical construction & maintenance'

continuously develop ZEB promotion activities,while-'Nikkei Electronics'

addressing cost issues.

(7)Newspaper release:

7.Investment efficiency
The target of initial cost in 2020 when compared witha standard building: 120%,and that cost reduction for
operation: 80% (excluding the base rate).

-302-

Nihon Keizai Shimbun [ZEB demo building] (June17,2014),and others. 70 articles in total.
(8)The Wall Street Journal of the U.S.
'Japan Pushes Zero-Energy Structures' (Sept. 29,2014) .

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP2: Energy Conservation Activities at a Next-generation Green Hospital

1.Details
It is a project advanced by a large general hospital tocreate a next-generation green hospital.
In order to build a next-generation green hospitalutilizing abundant natural environment,hospital director
himself took the initiative to build an ideal hospital thatcan reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions,withthe cooperation of the building designers and facility
designers.

Committee and performance verification by designers.
As a result,the average primary energy intensity
after opening the hospital stood at 2,240 MJ/m 2
year,representing about 45% reduction compared withaverage intensity of large hospitals.

2.Diagrams,etc.
Energy conservation and reduction of CO2 emissions at
Japanese Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital.
Refer to Figure 1.

Major efforts include the establishment of a distributed
local heat source system,the use of abundant well water

3.Energy conservation performancefor the heat pump system,the application of radiant(1)Energy intensity: 2,240 MJ/m 2 year (average ofheaters and coolers,minimizing the ventilation,the

FY2012 and 2013) → About 45% reduction comparedintroduction of vaporizing humidifier control,energy

with average intensity of large hospitals.

management utilizing an automatic reporting function(2)Amount of energy conservation: Crude oil equivalent

BEMS,and visualization using digital signage.

2,315 kL/year (average of FY2012 and 2013).

In promoting energy conservation,continuous efforts(3)CO 2 reduction: 3,930 t-CO 2/year (average of FY

were made including eco patrols mainly by the Eco2012 and 2013).

-303-

Figure 1(4)Ratio of energy consumption: Electricity (daytime):

enlightenment: installed wind and solar power generation

60.6%,electricity (nighttime): 33.9%,gas: 5.4%,oil: 0.1%

system for display for the people coming to the hospital2→ Contract electricity: 2,500 kW (48 W/m ),significantly

as a symbol of a green hospital.

contribute to the leveling of electric load.

(4)Body-friendly radiation cooling and heating system:

4.Advanced nature and originality

radiation-type cooling and heating system achieving both

Introduced as many energy conservation and CO 2
reduction technologies as possible that are applicable
to hospitals,under the concept of 'next-generation green
hospital'.
(1)The use of steam was limited to medical use,and built
a high efficiency heat source system for air conditioning
and hot water supply.

energy conservation and comfort,to provide a comfortableenvironment for the inpatients.
(5)Minimizing ventilation when outer temperature
hits peak or during nighttime: control outer air volume
to reduce energy consumption for heat source andventilation.
(6)Total energy conservation for the kitchen: kitchen(2)Heat pump system utilizing abundant supply of wellventilation ceiling system (displacement air conditioning)water: adopted a well water heat recovery system for air+ electric kitchen (low heat radiation) + control ofconditioning and hot water supply to improve efficiency.

ventilation volume.

(3)Use of wind and solar power generation for(7)Automatic reporting function BEMS system: energy-304-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）data can be output automatically in an excel format-Yearly running cost: Reduced by approx. 200 million

report.

yen .

5.Versatility and expandability(1)Transmission of information of a green hospital:-Simple investment recovery period: Approx. 7 years

8.Secondary results

hospital director,head of the administration section and(1)As a next-generation green hospital aiming to become

designers gave lectures and contributed many literaturesa ZEB,the hospital was recognized in Japan,Asia and into newspapers and magazine.

the world.

(2)PR activities by accepting inspection tours: efforts of(2)Won many environment-related awards. (Energy

a next-generation green hospital were introduced to more

C o n s e r v a t i o n G r a n d P r i z e f o r e x c e l l e n t e n e rg ythan 200 medical and welfare institutions.

conservation equipment,the 1st Carbon Neutral Grand(3)Visualization using digital signage: using display

Prize,IFHE International Building Award 1stPrize etc.)

monitors set at the entrance,transmit eco information to(3)Fostered medical staff members friendly to thethe staff members and the patients.

environment and also to the patients. Human resources

6.Continuity and sustainability(1)Briefing on eco-friendly hospital operation by thedesigner: held a briefing to explain the intention of thedesign and the operation methods to the hospital staff
members.
(2)Performance verification by the designer: simulationof heat source operation using LCEM,and measurementof the interior environment and energy conservation.
(3)Eco patrol: Major members of the Eco Committee
conducted eco patrols.
(4)Periodic reporting of energy usage by the Ecodevelopment through the environment.
(4)Fostered sustainable mind of the staff members
by introducing a system ceiling,scratch-proof floor
materials,wax-free floor materials,curved mirrors,visible
piping,and eaves to prevent bird droppings from coming
in,to extend the life of the hospital.
(5)Balanced energy-saving and disaster prevention
initiatives. Maintained the functions as a disaster center
hospital for full back-up in case of a disaster.
(6)CO2 reduction: 3,930 t-CO2/year (average of FY2012
and 2013).

Committee:report energy consumption by division orlevel of the hospital.

7.Investment efficiency-Initial cost of all facilities for energy conservation:
Approx. 1.4 billion yen.

-305-

BP3: University-wide Efforts to Build a Smart Campus

1.Details

The objective of the Smart Campus Program is to

In 2009,Mie University has established a medium-

reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions and toto-long-term plan on energy conservation,with thecurtail peak power by introducing innovative energy-

aim of becoming the most environmentally advancedsaving facilities combining the creation,storage anduniversity in the world. Meanwhile,the addition ofconservation of energy in an organic way. Reduction

new buildings in the campus has expanded the total

goal of CO 2 intensity from 2010 was set at 24%. In

floor space by 26.3% in 2013 from 2010,dramaticallyspring 2010,faculty members took the initiative andincreasing energy demand. At the same time,peakvoluntarily made research on energy demand withpower has also been on the rise. In order to meet an

the cooperation of the members at the Smart Campus

urgent need to reduce energy consumption and CO 2

Division. They also formulated a plan to introduce

emissions,to decrease peak power and to supply power

energy-saving facilities. The planning process tookfor disaster prevention,president of the university,who

one and a half years. They explained the plan to thesupervises the university's environmental activities,ledboard,faculty meeting and department head meetingthe university-wide program to create a smart campus in

as necessary. They advanced the plan and successfully

October 2011. Chief initiatives and responsible persons

achieved the goal,obtaining consensus of all partiesare described below:

concerned in the university.

(1)Energy conservation by introducing innovative(2)Power saving efforts of all students and facultyenergy-saving facilities (Smart Campus Program)members in the university-306-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

University students and faculty members voluntarily

for Environmental Management and Enhancement,in

carried out environmental activities to reduce energy

which students can also participate.

consumption and curtail power demand. At the1)MIEU Point ('U' stands for University and 'yoU'):

beginning,the head of the Smart Campus Division

In the MIEU Point system,each member of the university(Professor) explained the objectives and intension,as wellinputs his/her environmentally-friendly and energy-

as detailed procedure of the activities to the board,facultysaving activities from a portable terminal, and the data

meeting,department head meeting and meeting at Center

instantly becomes visible to the person who made theEfforts to become the most environmentally advanced university in the world
Build cooperative relationships with the stakeholders
Study sessions and seminars with Mie Prefecture,municipalities and the national government (METI Chubu)

Introduce innovative technologies for the next-generation energy society
Technology development expecting a large-scale introduction of renewable energy- Use of locally-produced energy within the campus (wind power,solar power)- Control the fluctuation of unstable power consumption and the maximum effect oflowering peak power using hybrid small capacity batteries- Low-loss LED lighting without power conversion
High efficiency co-generation using electricity and exhaust heat to the full
Energy conservation-oriented air conditioning suitable for marine climate (hot andhumid)

Inspection tour of high efficiency
co-generation system by elementary school
students

University-wide energy-saving and power-saving activities
Energy-saving and power-saving activities using the MIEU
Point*
Demand response with the university-wide participation
Green walls created mainly by students
Visualizing energy demand by department and powersaving* MIEU Point: A unique initiative of Mie University. Students/faculty
members input environmentally-friendly or energy-saving activities
they
performed instantly. The system then visualizes the achievement andgives points to the persons who implemented the activities.

Public relations of the demonstrations and expansion of the achievements to other universities
Educational activities for elementary,junior high,and university students (hands-on
experience): 46 times in total
Smart Community exhibition,introduction and presentation at university association:
32 times in total
Planning and supporting smart campus projects to other universities in and outside
Japan: 2 universities

Figure 1 Outline of the Smart Campus Concept-307-action. This motivated each member to make energy-

Figures shows the comparison with the former facilities

saving efforts.

(2010); '%' is the comparison of floor area intensity (with2) Demand Response (power saving activities)
Peak power demand of the university comes at the2010).
Refer to Table 1 and Figure 4 .

end of July each year,before the first semester’s final
examination. In the nine days at the end of July 2013,the

4.Advanced nature and originality

university implemented university-wide power saving(1) Maximize the use of exhaust heat fromco-generation

program. This university-wide program has beenplant (2 patents filed)continuing for three years now (2015). The achievement

Formulated a method to make a full use of exhaustis reported to all departments every year.

heat from co-generation to(Patent filed in June 2014)

2.Diagrams,etc.
Refer to Figure 1, 2 & 3.

Cost-saving operation is being implemented. Effect ofimproving operation: Reduction of gas consumption(crude oil equivalent): 210 kl/year Reduction of gas cost:

3. Energy conservation performance

19.7 million yen/year.

Actual rate of reduction o energy and CO2 emissions.

(2)Desiccant air conditioning to achieve both comfort

Figure 2 Generalization of the methods implemented in the Smart Campus Program and future expansion-308-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Figure 3 Selection of optimum heat source for air conditioning by region

Table 1-309-

and energy conservation during hot and humid summer

effect was 4.5% in 2013 and 5.9% in 2015. Mie

Generally,air conditioning in summer is controlled

University became the first university in Japan tobased on the room temperature. This time,we

implement university-wide power saving through DR.

adopted a new air conditioning system to evaluate

The efforts are still continuing.

the comfort level (discomfort index) of the persons(5)MIEU Point system to encourage students andin the room,considering humidity as well. Energy

faculty members to perform energy conservationconservation effect of the desiccant air conditioning

activities

has been demonstrated (a reduction of 36.6%). This is

MIEU Point system is for encouraging people toa unique and creative initiative that can be applied andperform environmentally-conscious and energy

expanded to other universities and office buildings.

conservation activities,by visualizing the achievements(3)DC power supply to lighting equipment expecting aextensive introduction of PVIntelligent DC (Direct Current) power supply is anenergy-efficient system to sustainably supply power toand give points depending on the contents of theactivities. Prizes are given or the points can beexchanged for gifts. This leading-edge initiative started
in 2012 is still ongoing every year.

important loads,such as lightings,POS terminals andATMs in convenience stores using renewable energy ina time of disaster. In normal times it utilizes renewableenergy efficiently,and at the time of disaster,thisadvanced system has an effective function for BCP.
(4)Power saving by demand response (DR)activity
Mie University implemented demand response
initiative for nine days,which is effective to reduce
electricity demand when it becomes tight in thedaytime during mid-summer. The University has
set two different pricing systems,the normal pricing
system and the one for critical peak pricing. The lattercharges higher unit price for power consumption

5.Versatility and expandability(1) Details of versatile technologies
The following technologies realized by Mie University
can widely be expanded to other universities and officebuildings. (See Table 2)(2) Introduction guideline of air conditioning facility
plan (versatility)
When establishing a plan to optimize chilled andheat source equipments,it is important to consider
the characteristics of the area where the equipment
is located (ambient temperature and the distancefrom the sea). Figure 3 shows appropriate chilled andduring daytime to encourage people to reduce powerheat source systems for different weather conditions.

consumption. People were allowed to choose theThis classification supports the planner to make ancheaper one. 41% of the entire university participatedappropriate selection of heat source system for thein the power saving activities,and the power saving

area.

-310-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Table 2: Versatile technologies used in smart Campus
Technologies

Specific measures

Power demand forecast within the campus

Methods of optimum operation of each equipment(temperature,humidity and insolation) (patent filed)depending on power demand

Methods to evaluate environmental impact of the introduced

Measures against noise,low frequency vibration and shadow

facilities to the campus

flickers from windmills(renewable energy,gas co-generation)

Noise of co-generation and odor from exhaust gas

Operation method of cold and heat source equipment

Methods to prioritize the operation of equipment(patent filed)

Low operation cost,high-load operation of high efficiency

Minimize the capacity of power storage facility

equipment

Autonomous operation of power source in case of a

Maximize investment effect of reducing peak power

disaster

Autonomous and independent operation of gas cogeneration system,wind power generation and solar power
generation systems in case of a disaster
Table 3
Contents

Investment amount (million yen)

Recovery periods

Renewable energy Solar power generation (consumed internally)

29

28

Wind power generation (consumed internally)

150

29

Gas co-generation (advanced use of waste heat and large contractof city gas (medium pressure))
Desiccant air conditioning
Batteries
Replacing lighting fixtures with LED lightings and the use of DC
from solar power generation

750

8

117
80

18
48

7

Within one year8

2.6

Environmentally-friendly
and energy-conservation
activities by students andfaculty members

11

Environmental activities by MIEU
Demand response (DR) and dynamic pricing (DP) aiming at
reducing power consumption (enhance the visualizing
function)
Green walls and roof gardening
ESD (education for sustainable development) and education
on energy for elementary school students
Expanding visualizing function to the entire university

0.5

Short-term-

Continuous education

8

2.6(3) Planning an optimum method considering the amount(10 years or longer). Mie University aptly combinedof investment (versatility and expandability) Investment

these two types,aiming to increase the total amountrecovery period differs by respective energy-savingof energy conservation. This method has versatility

equipments,from short-term (3-8 years) to long-termand expandability that can be applied to different-311-universities having different conditions.

saving activities (demand response) is still continuing. In
2015,the third yearof the activities,electricity demand at

6. Continuity and sustainability

the peak time was reduced by 5.9%.

(1)The final year of the medium-to-long-term energy
conservation plan is 2020. In 2014,Mie University

7. Investment efficiency

reorganized its environmental management system

Contents and cost-effectiveness (Investment recovery

into a better organization (Mie Global Environmental

periods)

Center for Education & Research),enhancing theRefer to Table 3.

division for energy conservation and the reduction of
CO2 emissions.
(2) 'Visualizing function' has been expanded to eachdepartment,so that all students and faculty members
can monitor electricity demand of its department and8.Secondary results
Announcement,field survey,observation,exhibitions,release in magazines,academic meetings,theses,patents,
awards.Refer to Tabile 4.

also other departments. University-wide electricity
Table 4
① Announcement

62 times② Announcement (newspapers)

46 media③ Field survey and observation of Smart Campus

50 organizations④ Exhibitions

9 exhibitions⑤ Release in magazines

5 magazines⑥Academic meetings,theses

5 theses⑦ Patents

2 patents filed⑧ Awards (22nd Grand Prize for the Global Environment Award (Minister Prize of Education,

4 awards

Culture,Sports,Science and Technology),Minister Prize of Economy,Trade and Industries in the
Energy Conservation Grand Prize for excellent energy conservation equipment,etc.)-312-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP4: Energy Conservation in the Distribution of Procured
Building Products

1.Details
From early on,Misawa Homes has made great efforts
to reduce CO2 emissions in its distribution system by
establishing a logistics subsidiary and creating its unique
distribution system. 'Kurukuru-bin' (Daily circulating

Building product manufacturers affix the slip output
after the registration on the materials to be shipped,put
them on the module palette and place it in the shipment
yard. This saved trouble of ordering and transshipment.

2.Diagrams,etc.

mixed loading pickup and delivery system) introduced
in 1986 uses just one truck in one route that goes aroundbuilding product manufacturers in an optimized routeto gather building products,rather than receiving thematerials separately to factories and depots. 'Module
Palette' adopted in 1993 dramatically improved theloading efficiency of different building products
of different sizes,by combining the combination ofnine types of palettes. Then,in 2004,Misawa Homes
established the 'a-net system' with which construction

3. Energy conservation performance

manufacturers can register the number of palettes they(1)Deliver necessary amount for the day in consolidated

ship (minimum number for registration is one palette).

cargo of 'Kurukuru-bin'.

-313-

factories and depots all around Japan from building
products manufacturers. The system has been improvedby developing the company's original palettes andsystems. For the future,the company is planning to begin
waste distribution.
Distribution system of procured products-Frequent delivery of consolidated cargo (nationwide,atthe fixed time,amount not fixed)-Integrated palletization of building products (9 types oforiginal palettes)-Web system to know the distribution amount (a-net
system)Waste distribution system-Recover waste at the construction sites after delivery of
the products.

5.Versatility and spread effect(1)The system was initially a closed system establishedinternally. The company established a subsidiary andmade the system open. Started external sales in 2010 to(2)'Module Palette' can deliver long objects and products

other companies and building product manufacturers.

that are difficult to carry.

(joint distribution)(3)Know the amount of cargo in advance using the 'a-net(2)The ratio of external sales stood at 35% (FY2014).

system'to allocate necessary number of truck.

(3)The system can also be introduced by other distribution

These initiatives has led to a reduction of about 37% ofcompanies as a delivery service of building products. Itenergy usage per building for the delivery of purchased

can be expanded on a large scale.

materials (GJ conversion) from FY2001.

6.Continuity and sustainability

4.Spirit of innovation and originality(1)The company has made efforts for about 20 years to

An advanced model to manage the 'distribution of small

carry long objects and building products of special forms

quantities of various types of products',to delivery

efficiently. It adopted various ideas such as establishingnecessary amount of building products,facilities to thea nationwide distribution network,the development-314-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）and introduction of palettes,and the development andintroduction of a web system to know the amount ofcargo.

7.Investment efficiency(1)Investment amount: About 50 million yen (year)(2)Recovery period: 1 year(2)Going forward,the company will continue its efforts
including the promotion of joint distribution and the8.Secondary results

development of new palettes,in consideration of the

Breakage of building products reduced by using Modulemarket situation.

Palettes.

(3)The system will be expanded to the competitors in the

Addressed the problem of driver shortage by reducing theindustry.

number of trucks to be allocated.

-315-

Second Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List
U.S. Building BAT List
Edited by Jing Sang

BAT1:Condensing gas tankless water heaters
This type of water heaters provides end-users withinstantaneous,on-demand hot water. To meet enduser demand in hot water,condensing gas tanklesswater heaters require larger burners.Compared toconventional,storage water heaters,this type of water
heaters does not require water storage and thus eliminate
standby losses (York,2014).

Figure: Results of evaluation of Condensing Tankless
Water Heaters

In our modeling assumptions,tankless water heaters
affect water heating demand in single and multi-family
residential houses. Results show that on a national

BAT2: Occupant responsive lighting

level,tankless water heaters can save about 34% of

Responsive lighting systems improve the energy

residential water heating demand. This accounts

e ff i c i e n c y o f o ff i c e b u i l d i n g s . U s i n g v a r i o u s

for about 0.4 Quads of both technical potential andsensors,management systems,and control

maximum adoption scenarios,which is consistent withcomponents,these systems allow facility managers

other sources (Navigant,2017b reports technical potentialof commercial buildings to provide high-quality

for tankless water heaters as 0.459 Quads in 2030).

lighting services that meet individual preferences and-316-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）light needs while reducing energy demand and costs

efficient compared to traditional electric resistance water(GSA,2012a).

heaters (DOE,2018b). We consider only air-source heat

Occupant responsive lighting technologies affectpumps in this study.

lighting electricity consumption in commercial

Heat pump water heaters affect water heating electricity

buildings. We estimate that under technical potential

consumption in single and multi-family houses. We

adoption scenario,occupant responsive lighting

estimate that heat pump water heaters can reduce

technologies can save 0.6 Quads. In case of Maximum

residential energy consumption for water heating byadoption potential scenario,the savings potential is59%. Under the technical potential adoption scenario,weabout 0.4 Quads in 2025. Overall,deployment of theseestimate potential energy savings as 0.7 Quads intechnologies can reduce lighting consumption by

2018 and 0.4 Quads in 2025 under maximum adoption

44% with a simple payback period of about 8.5 years.

scenario. Our estimated energy saving potential under

These results are consistent with those reported in our

the maximum adoption scenario is lower than reported

reference sources (for example,(DOE/EERE,2017a).

in other sources ((Navigant,2017a) reports the annual

In addition,Occupant Responsive Lightning cansaving potential for this technology as 0.8 Quads source

improve occupant comfort,improve lifetime of otherenergy in 2030). The difference in estimates can be due tocomponents,and provide demand response capabilities.

different energy efficiency indicators used for modeling in
our study and other sources.
However,our estimated simple payback period (4.1 years)
is consistent with payback reported in other sources((Navigant,2017a) reports a payback period of less than 5
years for heat pump water heaters). The literature does not
mention co-benefits for this technology,which led to a lowscore for this component in scoring.

Figure: Results of evaluation of Occupant
Responsive Lighting

BAT3: Heat pump water heaters
Heat pump water heaters work as a refrigerator
in reverse. Accumulating heat from surrounding
environment,a heat pump moves this heat into a tank toheat water. Since heat pump water heaters move heatrather than generating it,they are 2-3 times more energy

Figure : Results of evaluation of Heat Pump Water Heaters-317-

BAT4: LED downlight luminaires

BAT5:Building energy management and information

In our study,we assessed LED downlight luminaires

systems

as a replacement for incandescent and fluorescent

During the literature review stage,we identified threetechnologies in the residential sector. Advanced LED

similar and potentially overlapping technologies: 1)

technologies,readily available on the commercial

Cloud-based energy information systems,2) Traditional

market,can deliver significant energy and cost savings tobuilding automation systems,and 3) Web-based lighting

end-users.

management systems. BTO staff suggested combining

We estimate that LED downlight luminaries can reducethese specific technologies into one category.

residential electricity consumption for lighting by

Building energy management and information systems

82%. This constitutes 0.18 Quads of savings in 2018provide building facility managers with the ability tounder the technical potential adoption scenario andmonitor and control the energy performance of various

0.13 Quads in 2025 under maximum adoption scenario.

systems such as heating,ventilation,air conditioning,andPerrin and Davis (2015) reported that LED downlight

lighting.

luminaires adopted nationwide in both the commercial

Among co-benefits for this technology,we identified theand residential sectors can save 0.278 Quads. Given

following: 1) Improved lifetime of other components;2)that we only assessed the residential sector,which

Peak demand reduction. 3) Reduced maintenance needs.

accounts for 46% of total lighting consumption in 2015

The modeling results show that simple payback period of(EIA,2017c),our savings estimates are similar to otherthis technology can be about 3.7 years,which in turn alsostudies. High savings and a short simple payback period

lead to attractive IRR value.

led to an attractive internal rate of return (IRR) and hencehigh scores for these parameters. In addition to energy
and cost savings,LED downlight luminaires improve
occupant comfort.

Figure: Results of evaluation of Building Energy
Management and Information Systems

BAT6:Fixed window attachments
Figure: Results of evaluation of LED Downlight Luminaires-318-

During the re-categorization stage,we merged three

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）separate technologies (Hi-R window panel[1],Switchable

window attachments: 1) Improved occupant comfort

film,and Window attachments[2]) into one category,"Fixed

2) Improved lifetime of other components 3) Noise

window attachments".Fixed window attachments affectreduction,and 4) Peak demand reduction.

the heating and cooling loads of buildings.
We estimate that this technology can reduce heating
and cooling needs of buildings (both residential and

BAT7:Advanced rooftop unit controls

commercial) by about 40%. The technical energy savings

Advanced rooftop unit (ARU) controls allow facility

potential of this technology exceeds 1.78 Quads (1.22

managers of commercial buildings to monitor,control

Quads for residential and 0.56 Quads for commercial

and adjust heating,cooling and ventilation services

sectors).

p r o v i d e d b y p a c k a g e d r o o f t o p H VA C s y s t e m s .

We estimate that fixed window attachments are on

Specifically,using advanced control and monitoring

average 40% more efficient than the baseline energy

strategies ARU controls allow building managers to

performance of building windows. The total technicalimprove occupant comfort while reducing operation

savings potential is more than 1.7 Quads in 2018,and theand maintenance costs and delivering significant energy

maximum adoption potential is 0.77 Quads in 2025. The

savings.

large share of heating and cooling energy use in total

We estimate that ARU controls can save 56% the energy

building energy demand can explain such relatively large

use compared with standard packaged HVAC systems

savings potential. However,a long payback period andwith constant speed-supply fans. Our estimate is

negative IRR resulted in low scores for these parameters.

consistent with a savings rate of ARU controls provided

We identified the following co-benefits of fixedby DOE/EERE (2017b). Our modeling also shows thatwhen deployed,ARU controls can reduce HVAC energy
use of commercial buildings by almost 0.5 Quads in2018 under Technical potential adoption scenario and by
0.26 Quads in 2025 under Maximum adoption scenario.
Co-benefits of ARU controls include improved
comfort,indoor air quality,an improved lifetime of otherFigure : Results of evaluation of Fixed Window Attachment

components,and reduced peak demand.

Notes:[1] These are often referred to as storm windows.
[2] These are window exterior and interior products that are designed to improve energy efficiency,daylighting quality,optical andthermal performance as well as overall occupancy comfort.

-319-

Figure: Results of evaluation of Advanced Rooftop
Unit Controls

Figure: Results of evaluation of Plug Load Control Devices

BAT8:Plug load control devices

BAT9:Comprehensive attic update

Plug load control devices help facility managers andAttic insulation and other attic weatherization measuresbuilding owners in managing the energy consumption

can significantly reduce the heating and cooling loadof various devices and office appliances powered byof residential buildings. In our modeling,we assumed

the traditional plug. Limited information is available

that existing residential houses upgrade their attic toon the energy consumption of plug load control

meet the requirements of 2012 International Energy

devices in the residential and commercial sectors(Metzger,2012). In addition,Scout 0.2 does not include
applicable baseline data. For that reason,we were notable to model this technology. Instead,we prepared
our own estimates on potential energy savings,IRR
and payback period in the residential and commercial
sectors.
We used advanced power strips as a proxy here forplug load control devices to estimate the technology’senergy savings potential. We estimated that plug load
control can result in 0.75 Quads of savings under thetechnical potential scenario and 0.7 Quads in 2025
under the maximum adoption scenario. In addition toConservation Code. Specifically,when attic insulation
completed,the attic should achieve following R-values:• Climate Zone 1: R-30.
• Climate Zone 2-3: R-38
• Climate Zone 4-8: R-49 (ENERGY STAR,2014).
We estimate that roof insulation of existing residential
houses will deliver 15% of energy savings and decreaseenergy use by almost 0.2 Quads under TechnicalPotential scenario and by 0.08 Quads in 2025 underMaximum adoption scenario. These estimates are lower
than reported in the literature. For example,Navigant(2017b) reports technical potential savings of attic
insulation and sealing as 0.7-1.1 Quads per year. The
difference can be due to different baseline assumption

their relatively high energy savings,plug load control

in Scout modeling tool and methods to estimate savings

devices can reduce peak demand.

potential by other sources.

-320-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Apart from energy and cost savings,comprehensive attic

recognize the potential future market for emerging

update measures improve occupant comfort,extends thetechnologies.

lifetime of other components and reduces noise.

Deployment of dynamic solar control systems primarily
affects heating and cooling load of buildings. We
estimate that dynamic solar control systems on average
can save almost 20% of the energy used in bothcommercial and residential buildings. Our modelingshows that the technical potential for the residential
sector is 1.2 Quads and 0.8 Quads for commercial. The

Figure: Results of evaluation of Comprehensive
attic update

maximum adoption potential in 2025 is 1.1 Quads.
However,the long payback period and negative IRR
resulted in lower scores for these evaluation categories.
Regarding co-benefits,dynamic solar control systems

BAT10:Dynamic solar control systems
Dynamic solar control systems in residential andcan improve the lifetime of other components,reduce
peak demand and improve occupant comfort.

commercial buildings provide occupants with multiple
benefits. These systems adjust lighting,prevent
overheating of surface area inside premises while
improving comfort and delivering cost and energy
savings. Dynamic solar control systems include automatedshades,as well emerging technologies such as dynamic
glass glazing. As noted before,this report focuses only
on commercially available technologies,even though we

Figure: Results of evaluation of Dynamic solar
control systems-321-

Second Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List
France Industrial BAT List
Edited by Jing Sang

BAT1: Infrared Technologies for Drying and Baking
Thin Products or Coating

1.Technology description(1)Infrared tunnels:

into heat.
The emitted radiations are spread over a wide spectrum

Infrared tunnels are facilities for baking powderof wavelengths. Infrareds for industrial applications

coatings,drying of liquid paint or items warm-up. Finalrange from 0.76 to 10 µm (short infrareds from 0.76 to 2

hardening of the powders is achieved by baking in a

µm,medium infrareds from 2 to 4 µm and long infrareds

conventional oven.

from 4 to 10 µm). Two factors can limit the energy

Infrared radiation: Infrared is electromagnetic radiation

received by the item: the shape factor (related to thelike light or UV rays,radio waves etc. Any bodies

geometry of the emitter and of the item) and the capacity

brought to temperature emit radiations that carryof absorption of the material to be treated.

energy in the form of vibrational waves. Conversely,the(2)Technologies used:

receiver absorbs some of this energy and transforms it• Electrical infrareds emitters-322-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

An electrical infrared emitter is a body brought to high

• The material of the items;

temperature (1500℃ to 2500℃ for the short infrareds.

• The shape of the items;

500℃ to 1200℃ for medium and long infrareds) by• The type of interlocking parts;

an electric current through a resistive element. These• The number of parts and the speed of the conveyor

transmitters enable an accurate regulation as long as theexact room temperature is known.
(3)Gas infrared emitters:
The combustion is stabilized in a porous or perforated
surface. The radiation is produced by this surface,brought
at a certain temperature range (500℃ to 1200℃,medium
and long infrared) and not by the radiation of a flame.

2.Level of Energy Savings
Energy saving:20% to 80% depending on the application.

5.Economic Characteristics
Payback time: 2 to 3 years

6.Social Characteristics and cobenefits(1)Speeds the parts temperature rise
Infrared radiation provides a direct transfer of energy
between the heat source and the receiving parts without
using air movement. Thus the pieces rise in temperature
quickly which improves the final quality of the coating(tense,shine ...).

3.Market prospect(2)Reduce the use of space- Liquid paint drying;

By rising the temperature faster,the product obtains the- Gelling and baking powder coatings;

required temperature in a shorter time. The cooking tunnel-Pre-drying and textile powdering.

uses less space.

-Coatings polymerization technology like PTFE coatings(3)Improves layer quality(Polytetrafluoroethylene),chrome or aluminium for the

In the case of powder coatings,the use of infrared pre-aerospace industry;gelling avoids a blend of powders in the convection zone

-PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) and latex gel induction;and improves the tense (quality) of the paint layer.

-Flame treatment effect (pizza,biscuits,burned creams•Space saving

etc.)•Energy saving: 20% to 80% depending on the application

4.Reliability
The choice of an infrared tunnel depends on many

•Transition to solvent-free products•Reduced cycle time
•Productivity gain.

parameters:-323-

BAT 1 Application Examples
Application 1: Car painting touch-up using infrared
1.Technical Principle

Infrared solution:• Specific consumption of about 18 electrical kWh /touch up.
• Gain with IR process: 30000 kWh / year.
corresponding to more than 80% of theconventional

Conventional process:method.

• Forced convection hot air oven

• Cycle time reduced by 3.

• Blowing oil burner• Cycle time: about 45minute

4.Scope of Application• Annual consumption: 210,000 kWh

Cars paint touch-ups

Short wave infrared solution:• IRT Installation

5.Cost-effectiveness Analysis Investment• Infrared power of 54kw

• € 30 000 for 50 kW.

• Dimensions: 2.5 x 2.0 x 0.5 m3• Approximately 300 to 600 € / kW.

• Cycle time: 13 min• Payback time 2 to 3 years

2.Technical Schematic

6.Benefits

Refer to Figure 1 to 4.

Other benefits of the IR solution:

3.Main Specifications• Energy saving: 80% (selective heating)• Reduction of cycle times and waiting time

Conventional process:• Increased production- Specific consumption of about 126 kWh of fuel /• Shift to solvent free products

touch-up.

• Space saving (storage of vehicles)-324-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Application 2:Pre drying of textiles
1.Technical Principle
Conventional process:• Hot air drying tunnel KRANTZ

IR process:- Specific consumption of about 3.4 kWh of gas / kg of
evaporated water.

4.Scope of Application• 9 blowing natural gas burners Valupak

Textile• cycle time: 40 seconds

5.Cost- effectiveness Analysis• Annual consumption: 5,000,000 kWh
Gas Infrared solution:• Installation MATHERM• IR power of 320 kW• Heating zone dimensions : 1.0 x 1.5 m²• Cycle time: 2.5 seconds

2.Technical Schematic
Refer Figures 1 to 4.

3.Main Energy Specifications
Conventional process:- Specific consumption of about 4.1 kWh of gas / kg of
evaporated water

Investment:•Energy savings with IR process on drying operation:
300 000 kWh / year being 20% of the conventional
method•Investment of approximately 150 to 200 €/kW
•Payback time 2 to 3 years

6.Benefits• Energy saving: 20%• Limit the number of train passages• Increased production of 20% to 40%• Space Saving• Cost-325-

Application 3:Powder paint baking- Specific consumption of 4.2 kWh gas per painted item.

1.Technical Principle

4.Scope of Application

Conventional process:Powder coating and baking• Hot air tunnel SUNKISS

5.Cost- effectiveness Analysis• Blowing natural gas burner• Cycle time: about 15 minutes

Investment:• Annual consumption: 1,540,000 kWh•Gain with IR process: 540 000 kWh / year,or 30% of theGas Infrared solution:

conventional method• SUNKISS Installation• Reduction of the cycle time by 3

• IR power of 288 kW• Saving of approximately € 15,000 / year

• Heating zone dimensions : 4.0 x 1.0 m²• Additional cost of 20%• Cycle time: 5 min 30 seconds• Payback time of 2 to 3 years

2.Technical Schematic

6.Benefits

Refer to Figure 1 to 4.

Benefits of IR solution:

3.Main Energy Specifications• Better tense• Flexibility in the regulation

Classical solution:• Heating kinetics- Specific consumption of 6.4 kWh gas per painted• Energy saving (20%-40%)

item• Limited over cost compared to the conventional

Infrared solution:technique (20%-30%)-326-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT2: Variable Speed Drives(VSD) Applied to Centrifugal
and Dynamic Machines (Pumps, Fans, Compressors)

1.Technology description

2.Technology schematics

Centrifugal pumps with Variable Speed Drives (VSDs):

Refer to Figure 1&2.

VSDs installed on pumping systems allow the
optimization of the electric consumption.

3.Level of Energy Savings

Most centrifugal pumps operate flow regulation
using adjusting devices installed on the hydrauliccircuits,like valves. These installations use the energy
in a non-optimized and non-efficient way. The energy
consumption of the circuit can be optimized by reducing
the pump rotational speed by adapting the speed of its
electrical motor.
VSD is the most appropriate technical solution to adjust
the exact energy to the real need.

Figure 1 Adjustement through throttle

Example: Energy Gain on pumping facility with a VSD

Figure 2 Adjustement through VSD valve-327-

4.Market prospect

7.Social Characteristics and co- benefits

All industrial processes using pumps,compressors,fans

Benefits of VSD:

etc. with electric motors.

•Reducing the electricity consumption especially when

5.Reliability•The dimensioning parameter for the VSD is thepower of the engine.
•The installation location must be chosen before
supplying the VSD: existing electrical panels,electricalroom or the pump warehouse. The VSDs must be
located and protected in a dedicated cabinet.

6.Economic Characteristic
Financial savings are achieved by reduction ofelectricity consumption.

-328-

flow variations are important•Flexibility and precision in operation (smooth start/stop/
regime changing,se control).
•Presence of automation loops and easier automation of
the pumping process.
•Reduced mechanical stress on the pump and pipes• Pumps noise reduction.
• Smoother start of the motors• Reduction of reactive power consumption.
• Reduction of CO2 emissions.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT 2 Application Examples
Application1:Replacement of a classic compressor bya Variable Speed Drive Compressor
1.Technical Principle
Context & Issues:
Eternit is a company specialized in the manufactureof roofing,facade and construction materials. Aftera set of measures carried out on the site of Terssac,agreat potential of energy savings has been identified

3.Main Specifications
Fixed-speed air compressors are the most commonly used
type of compressors,but VSD compressors today are quite
well known in industries and enterprises but not mostly
used. They are about 25% more expensive at purchasethan a fixed speed compressor,depending on power,butthey bring high economies on the life cycle of the product.

4.Cost-effectiveness Analysis• Financial gains: 3 528€ per month• Payback time: 11.5 years . 2.5 years on over coston compressed air production. The introduction of
VSD compressors replacing the classical fixed speed

5.Benefits

compressors brought about 15% of energy savings.

• Reduction of polluting emissions,reduction of the

The VSD is the only type of regulation that allows to

consumption of drinkable water for cooling the process.

make energy saving almost proportional (not centrifugal)•No more use of water for compressed air cooling.

to the flow rate (on a range from 15% to 100% of the•72 MWh / year,being 9% saving on compressed air

nominal output). Moreover,this technic allows a better

production.

precision in maintaining set pressure.

Energy balance:
Before:817 MWh of electricity for compressed air

2.Picture

production
After: 7745 MWh per year for
production compressed air•Energy saving: 72 MWh/ year being 9% saving oncompressed air production•Financial gain: 3 528 euros per year

New screw VSD compressor-329-

BAT3: Selective and Mass Heating by Microwaves

1.Technology description
Two types of electromagnetic radiation are used forindustrial applications: high frequency radiation,whose
usual frequencies are between 10MHz and 30 MHz. andthe microwave radiation whose frequencies are between
800 MHz and 3000 MHz.
Although the heating processes by high frequency or
microwave are based on the same principle,the effect on
the product to be heated is different:-With high-frequency,the wavelengths are bigger
than the dimension of the equipment. thus,the laws ofelectricity at low frequency are still applicable. The
generators are oscillators. Voltage and current are carriedout through isolated conductors and electrodes distributethe energy to the to- be-heated-products.
-In contrast,with microwave,the wavelengths are smaller
than the dimensions of the equipment,the technology isbased on the propagation of electromagnetic waves and•The heating is heterogeneous in the case of a mix ofdifferent materials with different permittivity.
•This system is very effective,because it is possible
to generate intense field distributions and to apply
high power densities (10 kW per litre of product). It isalso possible to heat rapidly because the setting of thegenerators is instantaneous.
•Non-polluting,this system allows a gain of timecompared to conventional techniques. Heating by
microwaves is often used in complement to traditional
techniques such as hot air,infrared radiation

2.Technical Scheme
Principle of a microwaves heating installation:
Microwave facilities at 915 MHz and 2450 MHz are usedmainly in industry. They are constituted of a generator,anapplicator,and connecting and measuring circuits.
For these frequencies,the industrial generators are

its properties.
Features of the use of heating by microwaves:•The electromagnetic energy is dispersed inside theproduct as a function of the electric beam distribution: it
is a distant heating.
•The heating system is said « selective » because it
directly depends on the permittivity of each product.
Figure 1-330-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Figure 2
magnetrons, their rated power is between 1.5 kilowatts

numerous: drying,baking,pasteurization,vulcanization,and 70 kilowatts.

waste treatment. In the food industry: cooking,pasteuri

Refer to Figure 1.

zation,sterilization,drying,defrosting,flavour extraction

Multimode tunnel for continuous processes:
Industrial cavities (such as domestic microwave oven)

5.Reliability

are used for discontinuous processes. For continuous

T h i s t e c h n o l o g y h a s a g o o d m a t u r i t y, b u t e a c hprocesses,tunnels are used. They are actually a succession

application requires a specific design study because theof several multimode cavities. Sealed airlocks,hermetic

effect of MW and HF depends directly on the productto microwaves leakage ensure the introduction and exit

they are used on. The sizing of the applicator must beof products.

made case-by-case.

Refer to Figure 2.

6.Economic Characteristics

3.Level of Energy Savings

To be seen case-by-case.

The energy saving potential is of course closely linked

For MW generation,as a general average,pricing is suchto the application,but the use of Microwaves and Highthat 1kW power is 1k€ cost.

Frequencies only makes sense when this solution
brings significant advantages compared to conventional
solutions. In most cases,this heating method generatese n e rg y s a v i n g s o f m o r e t h a n 5 0 % o f t h e i n i t i a lconsumption of a process. It can achieve 80% for some
applications.

7.Social Characteristics and co-benefits
The microwaves used for heating purposes bring
benefits,often decisive,in the industrial processes
they are used in: fast heating,improving the quality oftreated products,energy savings,flexibility of use andcontrol,absence of pollution.

4.Market prospect
The industrial applications of high power microwaves are-331-

BAT 3 Application Examples
Application 1:Pre-vulcanization of rubber pieces

3.Main Specifications
The microwaves applicators used are generally some sortof resonant cavity at 2450 MHz,or waveguide. A lineof 5 kW power microwaves and 20 kW power for the

1.Technical Principle

resistance furnace can treat around 100 kg /hour of rubber.

Heating by microwaves is mainly used for preheating
operation before pressurized moulding,and for heating
operations of the extruded pieces until they reach thevulcanization temperature (rubber is stiffened withsulphur-based additives). The temperature is thenmaintained using an electric resistance furnace.

Microwaves line of 25 kW power and 45 kW power forthe resistance furnace are the most commonly constructed.
They can process around 500 kg /hour of rubber pieces
with a total consumption of 0.15 kWh / kg to 0.17 kWh/ kg,which corresponds to a significant energy saving
compared to more conventional systems.

On the rubber pieces’ industrial line,the successive
operations are:4.Scope of Application•Plasticizing: aims to soften the rubber throughPreheating before moulding operation

mechanical working. The temperature reached varies
between 75° C and 110 ° C;

5.Cost- effectiveness Analysis•Extrusion: the rubber pieces are shaped by passing theS i g n i f i c a n t e n e rg y s a v i n g s c o m p a r e d w i t h m o r erubber through a profile;conventional systems.

•The vulcanization itself comprises two phases:-The heating of the material up to its vulcanization

6.Benefits

temperature in a microwaves oven;

The advantage of microwaves heating is its ability to-The preservation at temperature in a resistance furnace

quickly raise the rubber's temperature throughout all its

until the end of the vulcanization process;mass (for traditional techniques,the complete warming is•Cooling: brings the temperature down to 80 ° C. It isvery slow because the rubber is a poor heat conductor).

followed by the packaging of the products;

moreover,the state transition is rapid,which is a guarantee

2.Technical Schemeof the good dimensionalstability of the products.

Refer to Figure 1.

Figure1:Drawings of a rubber pieces extrusion line using microwaves heating.

-332-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Application 2:Paint drying on foundry moulds
1.Technical Principle
Conventional process:•Hot air oven
•Propane gas atmospheric burner

3.Main Specifications
Conventional Solution:
Specific consumption of 250 kWh gas / tons ofmouldsMicro-Waves solution:
Specific consumption: 63 kWh electric / ton of moulds•Cycle time: around 110 minutes•Annual consumption: 750 MWh (750 000 kWh)

4.Cost- effectiveness Analysis

Micro-waves process:Investment:•KUTTNER installation•Overcost compared with classical solution: 40%•Micro-waves power potential: 30kW –frequency:•Estimated payback time: 2 years

2450Mhz•Dimensions: 1.6 x 1.6 x 1.5 m3•Financial investment: 115 k€

5.Benefits
Advantage of MW solution:
Gain with MW process: 561 000 kWh / year,being 75% of

2.Technical Schematicconventional process

Refer to Figure 1 to 4.

Reduction of treatment time by 15.

-333-

BAT4: Heat, Cold and Electricity Generation by Tri-generation

1.Technology description
Power generation method (combined cycle) with a very
high energy efficiency,generally exceeding 80% to 95%.
It is about producing,from a primary energy (natural gas
mostly) 3 different kinds of usable secondary energy:•A thermal energy,which is used for heating,drying,greenhouseheating,swimming pools,hot water,industrial processes...

3.Level of Energy Savings
Trigeneration is particularly interesting on an energy
level because it allows to use the waste heat fromcogeneration outside of the heating periods and to
produce cold plus heat for additional uses (domestic
water). In the best cases the overall efficiency of theplant is around 85%.

•A cold production (produced mechanically or indirectly
through absorption refrigeration plant）.

4.Market prospect•An electric power. produced with a turbine + dynamoThis system is to be used in industrial processes insystem (direct current) or an alternator(AC),with aneed of simultaneously these three kind of energy:transformer to adapt the tension.

heat,cold and electricity.

The most commonly used primary energy is naturalgas,but in theory any kind of energy can be used likegasoline,oil,gas,biogas,waste gases produced by someindustries (gases from industrial processes and often
wasted),etc.

5.Social Characteristics and co- benefits
Reduction of CO2 emissions:
Optimization of energy consumption.
Trigeneration technology generates an energy saving
and an environmental gain while being economically

2.Technical scheme-334-

profitable.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT 4 Application Examples

3.Technical Specifications

Application1: TRIGENERATION with « double effect» absorption– space centre in Toulouse

The trigeneration in the Space Center relies on the useof two 'Caterpillar CAT 3532 HR SITA' motors thatdevelop an engine nominal power of 2140 kW for a unit
consumption of 5 690 kilowatts LHV (lower heating

1.Technology Principle
In general,a trigeneration plant consumes natural gas inorder to produce simultaneously electricity,heat and cold.
Compared with the cogeneration solution (which is avalue) of natural gas. Each of these motors drive a SR
4828 type Caterpillar generator of a 2080 kW electric
power for a total net electricity generation of 4000 kWe.

4.Main energy specifications

simple recovery of lost heat during electricity generation
process) or 'simple effect' trigeneration (which consists

Annual energy needs of the site (initial):in transforming into cold a part of the recovered- Electricity: 8900 toe *heat),the'double effect' trigeneration solution chosen by
the Toulouse's site presents a better energy performanceand a better payback time for a reasonable investmentcost.

2.Technical Scheme
Refer to Figure 1 .

- Natural gas: 2233 toe *Energy Balance of the 'double effect' trigeneration(period: from November 1 to March 31):
-Production of 14 GWh of electricity,10 GWh of heat and 9
GWh of cold,which represents a saving of around 2 000 toe.
-The heat losses generated by the electricity production
are recovered and exploited (in the form of heat or cold)
to 80%.

Figure1-335-

-82% of hot water needs and 85% of cold water needs are•Over the regulatory period of operation (November

covered by this 'double effect' trigeneration

1-March 31)* Toe: ton oil equivalent-Before tigeneration:

5.Market prospect
The operation carried out in the Toulouse Space Centeris an exemplary environmental approach and it also

€ 425,000 annual expenditures (value 2001)-With trigeneration: € 243,000 of income (2003- 2004
season) an annual operating profit of €668,000•Payback period: 5 years (with subsidies)constitutes an important step for advanced technology
and sustainable development. Indeed,with a reasonable

7.Benefits

over-cost investment,the "double effect"absorption

The use of 6000 Tons Oil Equivalent and the emission

trigeneration system is now clearly identified as the mostof 19,000 tons of CO2 were avoided. (over the 12-years

efficient solution compared to cogeneration or "single

power resale contract)

action"trigeneration.

6.Cost- effectiveness Analysis
Investment: € 3.85 million• ADEME Grants: € 457,000 and theRegion's grants: € 152,000-336-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT5: Mechanical Steam Compressor

1.Technology description
Mechanical steam compression allows the recovery of
waste heat contained in the steam derived from a processof concentration,drying etc.
The steam is compressed by a centrifugal compressor.
The resulting product is used on the same process toprovide the heat required for the vaporization of a newquantity of steam. Once the process started,it maintains
itself without any additional heat energy.

2.Technical scheme

ratio,which is the difference between the inlet andoutlet vapour temperature.
Coefficients of performance (COP) are variable andcan reach very high levels,ranging from 5 to 30.
Depending on the application the mechanical steam
compression system allows the use of 7 to 50 times
less energy than heating from boilers and 4 to 5 times
less energy than a multi-effect technology.

4.Market prospect
This technique has many applications like in theindustrial effluent concentration (e.g.: black liquorfrom paper mills) or food products (grape juice,tomat
oes,etc.),crystallization,surface treatment,desalinationof sea water,agro food industry,paper,chemistry etc.

5.Social Characteristics and co-benefits
This technique consumes little electricity: 10kWh /tones to 20 kWh / tones of evaporated water (whichcorresponds to the motor power supply).
Advantages:
Principle of mechanical steam compressor

3.Level of Energy Savings•Reduced primary steam needs•Space saving•Reduction of the effluents volume

The electricity consumption associated with the

Disadvantages:

compressor operation is usually very low compared to the•Compressor's maintenance and control

amount of energy recovered by the system.

•Risk of corrosion (quality of inlet steam)

It mainly depends on the compressor's compression•Decreased performance with the product concentration-337-

BAT5 Application Examples
Application1: Mechanical steam recompression in adairy company: steam recompression,reused and reintroduced into the industrial process

2.Technical Scheme
Refer to Figure 1 .

3.Benefits
Allows to reduce the steam need by:

1.Technical Principle• Modification of the buildings and construction of a

Original process:• Steam is injected into an evaporator in order to heat themilk. Use of an -- 6 effects -- evaporator (3 tons of steam /hour).
• Required steam: 15 bars-110 gr steam for 1kg of water• The steam is condensed and discharged into thenatural environment (T 57 °C - < too low to be reused in
the process).

concrete foundation to support the compressor.
• Adaptation of piping: modification of evaporation
inputs and outputs (to allow an exchange between
the incoming milk and the outgoing condensates,inorder to cool the condensates before their storage andto recover calories for milk heating) ,modification ofcondensates and washing piping.
• Implementation of measuring devices in order to

MVR process:• A MVR is installed on the evaporator• The MVR recover the steam and recompress then
• The steam thus produced is reintroduced in the

Figure 1-338-

evaporator

permit the automation of the compression system• Implementation of sheaths to recover steam milk.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT6: Gas Absorption Heat Pumps

1.Technology description

Influent parameters

Level of Influence

The system functions in a closed cycle:

Cold source temperaturelow

Hot source temperature

average

Charge ratehigh•Absorption of the ammonia (NH3) gas in the presence ofwater to form a concentrated ammonia solution (NH4OH).
This action releases a large amount of high temperature
heat.
•This ammonia solution (NH 4OH) is desorbed,whichallows the release of ammonia (NH3) gas. This desorption
action needs heat.
The principle is the use of ammonia (NH3) in a secondary
cooling cycle that will 'pump' the heat from a cold source

4.Market prospect
An innovative solution to meet the thermal requirementsof collective housing and tertiary buildings,forconstruction as for rehabilitation.

5.Economic Characteristics
An economical solution:• Significant operating gains thanks to very high returns(in the evaporator) and return it to the hot source (theon primary energy.

condenser): this heat is free.

• The geothermal version is immediately profitable thanks

By combining the release and the absorption of heat along
the whole process,the energy balance is clearly positive.

2.Technical Schematicto heat recovery from the absorption reaction: the required
probes size is reduced to 70% compared to an equivalent
electric heat pump.
The net price for the installation of a geothermal heatpump absorption gas is about €14,000 VAT (source:
CEGIBAT-GRDF).

6.Social Characteristics and co-benefits• Respect of the environment• Use of eco-friendly refrigerants fluids that respect the

3.Level of Energy Savings
Some manufacturer claims performance (Coefficientof Performance) of about 150%. The performance gas

ozone layer (without HFCs or HCFCs).
• Qualities of natural gas: cleanliness,flexibility,and use of
combustion products with low levels of CO2 and NOX.
• Contribute to sustainable development by minimizing

absorption heat pump is influenced by the parameters

the greenhouse effect.

shown in the table below:

Source: Energie plus / ATEE

-339-

BAT7: Electrical Injection Moulding Press

1.Technology description
An electric press uses electric motors instead of
the hydraulic activation system of the cylinders.
Therefore,all losses linked with the hydraulic systemare eliminated.
The electrical power of the machine is the power rating
indicated on the press.

2.Technical Scheme
All electric injection press (source FARDI).

3.Level of Energy Savings
Electricity consumption reduced by 50% to 70%.
Energy savings from hydraulic to electric press (source

Automotive,medical,electronics (mobile phones...),packaging,technical mouldings (household
appliances,furniture gardens,toys.)

FARPI).

5.Economic Characteristics

4.Market prospect

In terms of profitability,the fully electrical press has-340-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）a decisive advantage on the conventional hydraulic• High measurement accuracy for positions andpress which is his very low operating cost: electricity

speeds:consumption up to 60% lower,very low cooling water-Positioning accuracy to 0.01 mm

consumption,no waste oil treatment,little maintenance.

-Accuracy 10 times higher than for a hydraulic press

The electrical press also brings an increase in-No set point overshoot risk

productivity (shorter cycle times),an improved production-Accuracy and repeatability on all machinequality,decrease number of pieces which contribute to amovements

significant improvement in the profitability of electric•Direct impacts on the quality of the moulded parts:

presses.

-Accuracy and consistency of the injected volumes

6.Social Characteristics and co- benefits• Electricity consumption reduced by 50% to 70%• Accuracy and repeatability starting from the early cycles• More oil• Low water consumption-Reduction of waste (due to the reduction of noncompliant pieces) decrease of material cost...)• Facilitates automation (robotics,gripper,...)• Accuracy and repeatability of the opening movement
and ejection(Source BILLION 2011)• Low noise level <65dB-341-

BAT8: Regenerative Self-recuperative Burners

1.Technology description

3.Level of Energy Savings

Recuperative and self-regenerative burners have been

In industrial furnaces,combustive air can reachdeveloped to allow the direct recovery of waste heat bytemperatures of between 800° C and 1350 ° C,through apreheating the combustive air.

high performing heat exchanger. For example,a modern

A recuperator is a heat exchanger that extracts theregenerative heat exchanger switched on a high cycle canheat from furnace outgoing flue gases to preheat therecover of about 90% of the waste heat,which generates

combustive inlet air. Compared with ambient airlarge energy savings.

combustion systems,energy savings can reach 30%. They
usually preheat the air to a maximum temperature of
550°C to 600°C. It is then possible to use recuperative
burners in high temperature processes (700°C~1 100°C)
Regenerative burners work by pairs and on the principleof short-term heat storage using ceramic heat regenerators(see drawing). They recover between 85% and 90% of thewaste gas heat. therefore the incoming combustion air canbe preheated to very high temperatures of up to 100°C to
150°C below the operating temperature. It can be applied
to temperatures ranging from 800°C to 1500°C. The
decrease in fuel consumption can reach 60%.

2.Technical Scheme

4.Market prospect
Widely Applied.

5.Reliability
The main technological constraint for recuperative/regenerative
burners is the conflict between technologies designed to reduce
emissions and those focused on energy efficiency.
The formation of NOx,for nitrogen-free fuels,usually depends
on the temperature,the oxygen concentration and the residence
time. Due to the high temperatures of the preheated air and to
the residence time,the flames have a peak of temperature thatlead to an increase in NOx emissions.

6.Economic Characteristics
These burners have the disadvantage of their investment
cost. Reducing energy costs alone rarely permits tocompensate the initial additional investment. This is why
the increase in productivity within the furnace and the
reduction of emissions of nitrogen oxides are important

Figure:Operating principle of the regenerative burners.

-342-

factors to include in the cost / benefit analysis.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT 8 Application Examples

The efficiency of the recovery is related to the system
ability for preheating the combustive air. The recovery

Application 1：Heat recovery on an industrial furnace burner

efficiency of this type of burner is between 40% and 50%.

This sheet concerns the implementation of a regenerative

In some cases,the furnace fumes are diluted with someor a self-recuperative burner (self-regenerative or

fresh air before entering the heat exchanger in order topair of regenerative burners),or the implementation

avoid damaging it.

of a centralized heat recovery of fumes to preheat the(2) The self-recuperative burners

combustive air of an industrial natural gas furnace,at a

The combustion chamber is a metal or a ceramic tube

temperature over 600°C.

open at its end. The entering air passes near the return

A gas burner is a mechanical element which ensuresof hot fumes. The burner possesses fumes recirculation

the production of heat by mixing a fuel gas with air

system (fins,asperities on the burner tube) to increase thecontaining oxygen. This mixture produces combustion.

exchange surface with the incoming combustion air. It is

Except in the few cases for which it is possible toconsume most of their heat,the fumes leave the furnace
at a temperature which may still be high,often close to
the operating temperature. It is therefore interesting,tolimit energy consumption,to recover the thermal energy
contained in the fumes before they are released to theatmosphere to preheat the combustion air. Thus,the inlet
air is already preheated and allows a reduction of as muchas the spared gas consumption.

used 'alone'for direct heating or encapsulated in a radianttube. These burners are used for two types of temperature
ranges: 600°C~1000°C and 1000°C to 1300°C.
The areas of application are first heat treatment batch
furnaces or other furnaces with long treatment duration.
The recovery efficiency of this type of burner is between
50% and 70%.
(3)Self-regenerative burners and pairs of regenerative
burners

1.Technical Principle

These burners are associated in pairs: the first one works

The devices to implement the recovery are described

while the other,stopped,'vacuums' the fumes of the first

below.

one and heats a thermal mass ceramic (the regenerator).

(1)The hot air burners: heat recovery on exhaust or

Then the air of the second warms passing through thecentralized recovery systemregenerator. They alternate the operations each minute.

The system works with a gas heat exchanger placed at the

If installed with well-sealed valves and complete control

furnace outlet to preheat the intake air. The heat recovery

systems,the burner can be self- regenerative and vacuum

is called 'centralized' because all the exhaust leaving theits own fumes through a set of heat loads disposed locallyfurnace as well as all the air injected into the furnace passaround the burner nose.

through this exchanger.

These burners used at high temperatures (700°C-343-

~1400°C) are very economical in operation but still

The available statistical data are based on the CEREN

require a big initial investment and should operate in a

Study No. 0305 'extrapolation of equipment in 2008 in theclean environment (absence of clogging or pollution ofindustry ' in September 2011.

evaporated metal).

Refer to Table1.

These systems allow preheating the air up to 50°C below
the process temperature.

4.Energy Saving Capacity

The main application areas are those where the

The energy savings brought by replacing classical burnertemperature is high enough for the investment toby heat recovery burner only come from the preheating

be relevant. Today it mainly concerns glass meltingof the air in the burner. They depend on the following

furnaces,aluminium reflow ovens,steel reheating furnaces

criteria:

and heat treatment furnaces.

Criterion 1: Nominal power of the burner. It represents the

Burners of this type have a recovery efficiency of 70% tofurnace gas power need.

90%.

Criterion 2: Annual average load factor of the burner.

2.Technical Scheme
Refer to Figure 1 to 4.

3.Scope of Application
The data from the literature and from manufacturers
demonstrate that these burners only bring significant
energy gain for the furnaces of over 600°C. Thus,theconsidered park concerns industrial furnaces whose
temperature is higher than 600°C.

Figure 1: centralized recovery-344-This is the ratio between the energy supplied during
a determined time interval,and the nominal power incontinuous operation multiplied by this time interval.
Criterion 3: Annual operating time.
Criterion 4: Gains related to the combustion air heating.
This is the function of the outlet fumes temperature and thetemperature of the preheated air.
The values of recovery efficiency (noted ε) for different
types of recuperators are as follows:-40% to 50% for centralized heat recovery systems,which

Figure 2: self-recovery system

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Figure 3: pair of regenerative burners

Figure 4: self-regenerativesystem
Table 1preheats the air for a hot air burner.

Construction of a new forging mobile hearth furnace-50% to 70% for self-recovery burners.

equipped with self-regenerative burners (Forecast): -50%

-70% to 90% for (self) regenerative burners.

of CO2 emissions,NOx <250 mg/ Nm3 to 3% O2.

5.Implement Cases
Increase of the capacity of a rotary hearth furnace forheating steel billets by continuous regenerative heatexchanger (Valti): 20% in specific fuel consumption,+33%
at max production.

-345-

BAT9: Very High Efficiency Electric Motors

1.Technology description

same work than with a traditional engine while consuming

The operating principle of electrical motors is very

less energy. It is therefore very important to choose thesimple. In physics,we know that the application ofright motor for the job. For optimal performance,it isan electric current in a magnetic field generates arecommended that the engine load level corresponds tomechanical force.

about 75% to 90% of the nominal motor power.

An electric motor contains coils of wire (same wire as

2.Technical scheme

the one used to carry the current). This coil winding
is perpendicular to the magnetic field of the electricmotor. As a magnetic field has always two poles,theends of the wires are placed in opposite directions. Thisconfiguration creates a rotary motion.
The torque is controlled by increasing the wire windingson the armatures. The magnetic field is generated byan electromagnet. This design allows the rotor to pivot
under the influence of the electromechanical force. Veryfew parts are exposed to wear. With these two factors•The frame: it contains all the components of the electricmotor.

combined,the electric motors can operate for extremely•The shaft: It receives the energy generated by thelong periods of time,almost without wearing.

motor rotation. It transmits it to an external system via a

The efficiency of an electric motor is given by themechanical connection. A metal part extends outwardly ofratio between the delivered mechanical power and thethe frame.

electrical power consumption. The increase in efficiency

The stator: it is stationary and it is usually the magnet

allows for the same delivered mechanical power,toof the electric motor. It can be a permanent magnet or

consume less electricity. For the manufacturers,thean electromagnet. An electromagnet includes windingss e a r c h o f e l e c t r i c a l e ff i c i e n c y i s d r i v e n b y t h eusually made of copper wire.

environmental objective,but also by looking for

The commutator: located near the stator,it reverses the

economy and performance.

direction of the current in the device. It is one of the only

The purpose of using efficient engines is to achieve themoving parts of the electric motor.

-346-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）Brushes: The brushes are in contact with the commutator

during 6000 hours/year,the economy will be of about

and complete the electrical circuit required for the passage

4MWh/year (being 200 € / year,with a kWh costing 0.05 €)of the current to the windings.
Bearings: They carry the motor shaft and are mounted
in the frame walls. They allow a free rotation of the
shaft with a minimal friction and eliminate interfering
movements.
Armature: This conductive component is located.
Through the combined effect of the magnetic field and thewinding,it generates the mechanical torque which triggers
the rotation of the shaft.

3.Level of Energy Savings
A motor rated IE2 reduces the energy loss by 40% on
average. It is recommended to install from now on an IE3
high-efficiency motor. Although the cost of buying a high-

4.Market prospect
In the industry and the tertiary buildings,the motors are
everywhere. Conveying,cooling,ventilation,pumping,compressed air... It is estimated that 70% of electricity
consumption inthe industry is due to the motors.

5.Reliability
New standards:• IE1: Standard efficiency,level equivalent to Eff2
• IE2: High efficiency,equivalent to Eff1 or 'Energy
Efficiency' in the US (EPAct'92),applicable from June2011
• IE3: Premium efficiency,new in Europe or 'Nema
Premium' in the US (EISA) applicable starting January

efficiency motor is higher,the energy savings will quickly

2015 (or 2017 depending on the powers)

offset the initial investment as energy represents more

• A fourth class is under consideration: IE4: superthan 80% of the full cost of an engine.

premium performance.

It is estimated that a high-efficiency motor (IE2 or IE3) is

For high-efficiency motors as for their conventional

paid back in between 24 and 36 months,for a lifetime ofcounterparts. power,speed,and the environment are theabout 15 years. For example,for a 15 kW motor,working

main criteria of choice,as well as the targeted application.

6.Economic Characteristics
High performance requirements certainly lead to anincrease of the engine cost at purchase. But this increase
is offset by the energy savings made throughout the whole
life of the engine. In the end,the life cycle cost of highefficiency motors (IE2 or IE3) would be much lower andmade profitable on average between 24 to 36 months.

7.Social Characteristics and co-benefits
Figure: Comparison of the life-cycle cost
between high-efficiency motor IE2 and IE3Engines consume less energy efficient and heat up
less,extending the life of the bearings and windings.

-347-

BAT10: Industrial Heating Baths Using Immersed Compact Tubes (ICT)

1.Technology description
In the fabrication of the tubes,the stripping/ pickling steprequires heating baths (acids baths,rinsing baths,etc ...).

The gases emerge at the end of the tube located outside
the basin.

2.Technical scheme

The heating of the bath was previously provided by aboiler:-The acid baths were heated by circulation on a graphite
exchanger heated by the vapor coming from the boiler.
-The rinsing baths were heated by immersed coils withcondensate recovery.
In 1999,the company was confronted to the problem of

Immersed Compact Tubes

compliance of its boiler with the standard for monitoring
steam generators. Given the age of the existing boiler,it
was decided to replace it: two options were available:-Purchasing a new boiler-Investing in a solution with immersed compact tubes.
Despite the higher initial investment,the company decided
to choose the immersed compact tubes solution,that
reduce by almost half the running costs,especially

Heating Process

through the energy savings generated. To ensure a better
exchange,some basins had to be modified. In othercases,the tubes have been placed in auxiliary tanks.
During the immersed combustion process,the products

3.Level of Energy Savings
By modifying its process,the company achieved a 40%
energy saving on heating baths.

of gas combustion indirectly heat the liquid. The heattransfer takes place through the tube immersed in the bath

4.Market prospect

and in which the hot gases are pushed from their source.

Surface treatment basins,every kind of industrial baths.

-348-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

5.Reliability

drinking water and the condensates generated and it

Mature technology.

reduces the risks associated with the generation of steam.
In a more general manner,the technology of immersed

6.Economic Characteristics

compact tubes allows:

Refer to Table1.

-An efficiency that can reach 77% to 81%-Reduced dimensions compared to conventional

7.Social Characteristics and co-benefits
Beyond the achieved energy savings,the elimination of thesteam in the pickling/stripping workshop has simplified
the piping system,it has reduced the consumption ofsystems,allowing thus the installation of the in baths ofbinding forms,narrow or shallow.
-An excellent profitability

Table 1-349-

Second Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List
France Industrial BP List
Edited by Wei Han

BP1: Cooking of Food Products Using Micro-waves

1.Technology description

2.Technical scheme

Conventional process:•Steam Autoclave•Cycle time: about 60 minutes•Cooking temperature: 95°C ~Refer to Figure 1&2.

3.Level of Energy Savings•Specific consumption: 0.65 kWh/kg product

Classical solution: specific consumption of 0.65 kWh gas /New microwave solution:

kg of treated product.

•SAIREM Installation

MW solution: 0.20 kWh electric / kg of treated product.

•Tunnel with a conveyor belt

Energy gain with MW solution: 7% of the process.

•Microwave of 24 kW power and hot-air battery of 12 kW

4.Market prospect•Tunnel dimensions: 9x1m²

Food Industry.

•Cycle time: 20 minutes

5.Economic Characteristics•Cooking temperature: 95°C

•Additional cost compared to conventional solution: 40%-350-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Figure1: Microwaves Tunnel

Figure2: Microwaves Tunnel-Process heat balance• Estimated payback time: 2 years

6.Social Characteristics and co- benefits
Advantages of the MW solution:

minutes in autoclave).
•Increased productivity by 30%.
•Space saving: a tunnel replaces 3 MW autoclaves.
•Improved quality of finished products.

• ~ 70% energy saving.
• Continuous and rapid treatment (20 minutes against 60-351-

BP2: High Frequencies for Gelation of PVC Coverings

1.Technology description
Conventional process:•Furnace forced air•Heat exchanger associated with a gas burner•Cycle time: about 2 minutes•Annual consumption: 6,300,000 kWh27.12 MHz High frequency solution:•HF power of 270 kilowatts•Length: 3 m•Production rate 900 kg/h
•Cycle time: 10 seconds

2.Technical scheme
Refer to Figure 1 to 4.

3.Level of Energy Savings
Energy saving: 78%

4.Market prospect-352-•Thermal gelation of rubbers and plastics•PVC coating manufacturing and linoleum

5.Economic Characteristics
Reduction of cycle time by 12.
Gains with the MW process:4900 000 kWh/year,representing 78% of the hot air process.

6.Social Characteristics and co-benefits
Classical solution:
Specific consumption of 1.87 kWh/kg of plastisol.
HF solution:
Specific consumption of 0.4 kWh/kg of plastisol.
Gains with the HF process: 4,900,000 kWh/year,representing 78% of the hot air process.
HF solution advantages:
Energy saving: 78% (selective heating) .
Reduction of gelling time by 10.
Product quality improvement .
50% reduction of gas emissions.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP3: High Frequency Sticking of Composite Products

1.Technology description

3.Level of Energy Savings

Conventional process:Classical solution:•Heated Veneer Press (circulation of hot water -•Specific consumption of 47.5 kWh / ton of treated wood

conduction heating)

HF solution:•Natural gas boiler•Specific consumption of 9.5 kWh / ton of treated wood

•Cycle time: about 10 minutes•Gain in HF process: 58.2 MWh / year,or 80% of the•Annual consumption: 72.7 MWhconventional method

High frequency solution:•Reduced cycle time by approximately 9•EURO HERTZ Installation•HF installed power of 24 kW - frequency of 27.12 MHz•Dimensions: 2.0 x 1.0 x 0023 m3

4.Market prospect
Mechanical woodworking.

•Cycle time: 70 s

5.Reliability

2.Technical Scheme

Mature technology.

Refer to Figure 1 to 4.

-353-

BP4: Recovery of Animal Fats and Transformation into Biofuel

1. Technology description

2.Technical Scheme

The technology implemented involves two different
phase:
The first one concerns the recovery of waste animal
fat and its transformation into animal oil. Creationand implementation of a special static lamella clarifierthat is used to separate (i) oil (ii) solids parts (iii)water.

Figure 1: Retention basin andstorage tank

Figure 2: Hot water tank

Figure3 : Lamella clarifier

Figure 4: New boiler

The second phase concerns the transformation thisanimal oil into bio-fuel and its combustion in the
boiler. For burning the bio-fuel in the boiler,analternative gas/fuel burner has been adapted into analternative gas /bio-fuel burner.
The Argoat workshop company annually produces
about 500 tons of sausages,of which 90% is handprocessed.
However,the finished products represent only 30%of the initial raw materials purchased. The remaining
70% are mainly composed of fat and water polluting
discharges.

Figure 5: 'Biothermie' reactor

The company has implemented a comprehensive
and systemic solution of waste recovery and their

3.Level of Energy Savings

transformation into biofuels and marketable co-Decrease of 20% in the electricity bill and 60% in the gas bill.

product. For this,the animal fats are trapped at theworking table,melted out,and decanted in orderto

4.Market prospectseparate,water solids and animal oil.

Any kind of animal fats.

-354-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

5.Reliability
Emerging technology,which requires a comprehensive
approach of process management and adaptation oftechnologies for optimization of co-products.

6.Economic Characteristics
The installation has cost € 380,000:-The water recovery at the end of the process isincreased by 10%-The fossil fuel consumption has decreased by 60% dueto the use of new bio-fuel from animal fat.
In addition,installation generates significant inducedsavings:-On the sanitation bill.
-By the sale of animal oil surplus.

-Recovery of fats and oil processing: € 197,000-By the diminution of about 50% of the waste removal-Oil processing into bio-fuel and combustion in the boiler:bill.

€ 183,000.

Moreover,there was a significant drop in the number ofGains generated:

workplace accidents due to improved cleanliness of the• Decrease of the volume of waste: gain € 16,000 per year

working areas,less greasy and thus less slippery.

• Decrease of of pollution generated: gain € 8,000 per

Figures of the energy gains and environmental impacts

year

are the followings:• Decrease of of gas consumption: gain € 45,000 per year

-Reduction of waste volume: 180 tons

• Decrease of power consumption: gain € 7,000 per year
• Sale of the marketable co-product: gain € 15,000 per
year
Nevertheless,it must be assigned to all these gains thecosts of the implementation ofthe process,monitoring andmaintenance tools for about € 20,000 per year.

7.Social Characteristics and co-benefits
Significant reduction of environmental impacts:-The pollutant loadings were reduced by 23%-Decrease of the pollution generated by the company:
BOD5: - 23%
COD: - 28%-Decrease in the consumption of fossil fuels (gas):currently 60% being 70 tons over a full year.
-Reduction of the electricity consumption: about 20%
being 110 MW.
-Creation of a co-product instead of waste: 50 tons.
-Creating a renewable energy: about 80 tons.

-355-

BP5: Waste Heat Recovery (Exhaust Gases, Compressor Cooling
Systems, Data Centers…)

1.Technology description

3.Market prospect

Depending on the temperature at which the heat sources

Chemicals,plastics,paper,metals,agro-food industry.

are available on the industrial site and the nature of needs

4.Reliability(local and / or external),heat can be recovered:

Mature technology.

By means of a heat exchanger,the heat is transferred
to other fluids /processes /storages: for example,theheating of premises,the heating of other fluids/processes
onsite,etc.
The temperature of the process determines the recovery
method to be implemented. In allcases,the energy canbe recovered under the form of heat or mechanical work
(which can be converted into electricity or used to raise
the temperature of another heat source).

2.Level of EnergySavings
The lost heat (called waste heat) represents in the frenchindustry a potential of more than 100 TWh of which 60%
to over 100°C.

BP5-application: Heat recovery from a boiler exhaustin an equipment manufacturer
1.Technical Principle
An energy audit showed that 7%-8% of the boiler output
was going up in fumes. The company thus installed a heatrecovery on the chimney flue,which recovers the heat topreheat the water of chemistry process.
This water is pre-heated from15℃ to 46℃. It resulted
a 7.2% saving on gas consumption. A buffer tank
was also installed in order to store the hot water andmaintain the temperature,because the process water is notconsumed continuously by the chemistry process unit.
Finally,monitoring is performed througha flow meter and two temperature sensors(inputand output of process water),whichallows to calculate the energy saved.

2.Co-benefits
145.8 tons of CO2 avoided

3.Cost- effectiveness Analysis
Investment costs: € 150,000
Financial gain: € 70,000 / year
Payback time: 2.1 years.

-356-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP6: Optimization of Refrigeration Facilities with the Use of FloatingHigh Pressure and Floating Low Pressure Controls; VSD on Fans andCompressors

1.Technology description
Floating high pressure:
The floating high pressure control is a method of
regulation that consists in adjusting the condensingpressure to the outside temperature and allow thelowest consumption possible of the whole system(compressor,condenser and auxiliaries). A differenceof 10°C between the pressurized condensate andthe qexterior temperatures is enough for the system
to work efficiently. The Floating Head pressure
control is an electronic system that will regulate thecondensing temperature in relation with the ambient
air temperature. This system is made to avoid overpressurization and overworking of the compressor

condensation temperature allow an economy of about 2,5%on the consumption,and this gain can go up until 35%
depending on the variation of the outside air. The paybackback time is usually between 2 and 4 years.
Floating Low Pressure:
The floating low pressure functions on the same modelas the Floating Head Pressure. This time,the control
system can rise the evaporation temperature to reducethe compression ratio and improve the coefficient of
performance of the installation.
The floating low pressure consists in regulating andadapting the evaporating pressure to the value that willlead to the lowest consumption of the couple compressor /evaporator (and auxiliary).
An increase of 1°C in the evaporation temperature set

which would require more energy from the compressor

point enables reductions in consumption of 2.5% to 4%.

for no reasons.

However,the temperature variation amount is limited to

Reducing the high pressure is interesting in terms

2°C to 4°C maximum.

of energy: when the high pressure decreases,the

Variable Speed Drive:

compressors coefficient of performance increases andinversely. By reducing the high pressure,we adapt

The technology called electronic speed variation
is a very promising technology. It can be used forthe condensation temperature. As the condensation

compressors,fans,pumps... These installations operate at

temperature is closely linked to the coefficient ofa fixed rotational speed. thus the flow control is obtained

performance,it results a better efficiency of theby energy dissipation. Electronic speed variation permits

compressors.

to regulate the flow of the fluid by reducing the engine

In terms of financial gains,1°C decrease on therotation speed (compressor,pump or fan) thanks to an-357-

electronic frequency converter.
This technology has a wide range of advantages: reductionof consumed electric power,precision and flexibility ofoperation,high control flexibility,reducing the numberof starts. For many machines,the system is particularly
efficient for the engine that regularly do not function atfull load. For a cost of about € 200 per kW,the energy gain
between 10% and 25%.

5.Reliability
Good

6.Economic Characteristics
Payback time less than 2 years in temper countries.

7.Implement Cases
Refer to Table 1&2.

3.Level of Energy Savings

In a cold store,a fixed high pressure at 40°C is compared

Generally,in temperate regions,the energy savings are in a

to a floating HP. The comparison is made for 2 externalrange of 15% to 35%.

temperatures: 30°C and 15°C.

4.Market prospect
Industrial refrigeration plants with air condensers-358-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP7: Uranium Enrichment by Centrifugation

1.Technology description
Tw o d i ff e r e n t i n d u s t r i a l p r o c e s s e s f o r u r a n i u menrichment are exploited worldwide: gaseous diffusionand centrifugation. The centrifugation technology is
considered the best technology in the field of uranium
enrichment.
The differences in chemical properties are very mall
between the isotopes of uranium. One way to separate
them from one another is to use the difference of mass
between the two isotopes(uranium 238 and uranium235). (The isotope uranium 235 is lighter than uranium
238 isotope)
Gaseous diffusion (developed by French CEA)
• All gas molecules are in movement. they strike the wallof the chamber in which they are confined.
• The lightest molecules being the fastest,they
statistically hit the wall more often.
• If the wall is porous,the lightest molecules pass throughthe wall more often than the heaviest molecules.
• The isotopes are then separated and this separation
product the enrichment.
• Enrichment is here accomplished by successive steps:
the UF6 gas is pushed by a compressor through a set ofdiffusers containing porous diffusion barriers. The gas isenriched with uranium hexafluoride 235 at each passage(1400 in total).

high speed,under vacuum and in a sealed housing.
•The heaviest molecules,under the centrifugal force
effect,are sent to the periphery of the tube while thelightest (U235) migrate toward the centre.
•The gas enriched with light isotopes (U-235),in thecentre of the tube rises. The gas enriched in uranium238,heavier,goes down.
•The enriched and depleted products are recovered at theupper and lower ends of the tube.
This basic step of separating molecules is repeated in aset of centrifuges connected in series,called a cascade.
The progress achieved in the late 1980s in the fieldof resistance to carbon fibre materials,allowed thecentrifugation method to be regarded now as thereference technology relating to uranium enrichment.

2.Technical Scheme
Refer to Figure 1 to 4.

3.Level of Energy Savings
Centrifugation consumes 50 times less electricity than
the gaseous diffusion and does not require to take offwater from the near river,being 98% of energy saving-5% of French electricity consumption.

4.Market prospect
Technology of nuclear power generation from uranium

Centrifugation: (developed by ETC in Germany and

5.Reliability

the Netherlands):

This technology is industrially proven and tested•The UF6 gas is introduced into a rotating cylinder,atsince 1992 in Germany,the Netherlands and the UK.

-359-

The technology developed by ETC,and its modelof centrifugal 'TC12' which equips the Georges
Besse II site,offers the best guarantees in terms ofcompetitiveness,energy savings,technical reliability andenvironmental impacts.

6.Economic Characteristics
The overall cost of the project'Georges Besse 2' is 3
billion euros of which over 50% is the provision ofcentrifuges.

7.Social Characteristics and co-benefits
The Georges Besse II plant was originally designed tohave an environmental impact even lower than that of
the Georges Besse EURODIF:•The centrifugation consumes fifty times less electricity
than the gaseous diffusion.

Figure 2 : Centrifuge drawing•The process does not require to take off water from thenear river for its cooling needs.
•Due to a building height two times lower than that of
the current plant and the absence of noise,the Georges
Besse II plant has an easy integration into the landscapeand its immediate environment.

Figure 3 : Ultracentrifugation

Figure1 : Enrichment of uranium process-360-

Figure 4 : Set of centrifuges

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP8: Energy Management and Control System

1.Technology description

For equipment:

The implementation of a Centralized TechnicalManagement system for the entire site,production
offices and workshops,proved to be the right solution-2 automatons;-A field network for the acquisition and control ofvarious equipment;-An optical fibre network dedicated to the centralized

adapted to the steady energy cost rise.
This centralized management system aims to reduce
natural gas and electricity consumption and thus
CO 2 emissions. It integrates with an ancient andheterogeneous installation.
It includes heating equipment,ventilation,extraction,air
conditioning and compressors.

management system for communication between theautomatons and the remote modules;-Two servers for supervisor applications.
For IT:- A Panorama E2 supervisor for management andmaintenance;- A server for storing data;

The technical objectives were:• The creation of a data collection network for theCentralized Technical Management system;• The setting up of automatic actuators andsensors,equipment command and control;- A system that can manage about 800 data from thefield (digital or analogical inputs and outputs).
The centralized management system allows botha management and an optimization of the energy
consumptions.

• Field data acquisition and management by an IT
supervisor;• Archiving and processing of data (for reporting,creationof indicators ...).

It provides:-The control of process gas and compressed air
networks (counting,pressure measurements,leakage
rate measuring);

Heating devices had obsolete control systems,disparate- The management of buildings air extraction;or non-existent. The open and flexible management-The management of air extraction at the weld

22

system covers 40000m of workshops and 2500m ofprocesses.

offices.

- The management of air introductions.

The Centralized Technical Management system has

A monitoring is now done from SQL databases andselected:from specific tools for processing and formatting of the-361-

information collected.

5.Economic Characteristics

2.Level of Energy Savings•Investment costs: € 325,000• Natural gas: 1 MWh/year being about 20% of consumption• Electricity: 0.5 MWh/year being about 20% of consumption

3.Market prospect
This kind of operation is completely reproducible inall kind of industrial facilities because this concept
centralized management is applicable to any kindof activity areas. The system is a management andcontrol tool for the facilities as well as for consumption
monitoring. Before engaging in this type of project a
cost-effectiveness analysis should be performed withrespect to the energy challenges of the company.

4.Reliability
Mature technology-362-•Financial gain: About 100 k€ per year
•Return on Investment: 3 years

6.Social Characteristics and co-benefits•Tons of CO2 avoided: 450t to 500t CO2 per year (allfuels included)•Reduce of air polluting emissions (leakage control
on the process gas networks)•Improved working conditions through better controlof the premises atmosphere (heating,ventilation,air
conditioning,...) workshops and offices.

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BP9: Optimization of Ambient Conditioning Systems in the Industry(Clean Rooms, Food Industries ...)

1.Technology description
A controlled contamination zone may be defined using
three criteria:•A delimited space (enclosed with a specific envelope)•Access to this space by a procedure system and airlock
for people,materials and equipment•Existence of an air treatment system with filtration andmaintenance of pressure or depression.
Definition given the ISO 14644-1 norm:"Room in which the concentration of airborne particles iscontrolled,and which is constructed and used in a manner
to minimize the introduction,generation and retentionof particles inside the room,and in which other relevant•The mixing rate (recycling and / or extraction)•The control of physical air conditions
The technique of cleanrooms entails the implementationof a certain number of components that need to be
optimized from the beginning if you do not want them tobecome great energy consumers.
These provisions begin at the conception phase:
Energy Consumers in the study：
Temperature,Humidity
Dust analysis
Mixing rate
Quality of filtration
Renewed air

parameters,e.g. temperature,humidity and pressure,are

Free-cooling

controlled as necessary".

Process

The aeraulic system has the function of keeping the air•Collection of the calories in the room

inside the cleanrooms under the conditions defined by the•Input/output air exchanger

requirements:

Air treatment• of the process

Energy Consumers in the material：• of the productT°Regulation (control of the dew point replaced by other• of the staff

systems)• of the environment (discharge of waste gases)

Moto-ventilation

The 5 key criteria are:Filter box• The air filtration

Aeraulic network• The air distribution

Water resistance of ducts•The continued positive or negative pressure

Insulation of ducts-363-

The BYPASS central allows under certain conditions tomaintain a controlled humidity by by-passing the treated
air to obtain a final mixture adapting to the supply air
temperature thus avoiding successive dehumidification
and reheating. The bypass is regulated according tointernal loads.

2.Technical Scheme

3.Level of Energy Savings-364-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

4.Market prospect

5.Reliability

6.Economic Characteristics

Known good practices. The challenge is to maintain

Economic gain due to a decrease in energy

the level of the clean room while minimizing

consumption.

energy consumption.

-365-

First Batch of International TOP TENs List
List of Top Ten Energy Efficiency
Best Available Technologies (BATs)
Edited by Yunpeng Zhang Kan Wang
BAT Title

No.

Nominator

1

Combined heat and power (Cogeneration)

Co-generation projects

Japan
Australia
United States

2

Drying optimisation

Pre-drying technologies

Australia

Two-stage heat pump technology
Heat pump for high-temperatures:
Steam condensation typy vacuum degreaser
Heat pump for low-temperatures: Heat pumpsystem for high-efficiency steam supply

China

The simultaneous heating and cooling heat pump

Japan

3

4

5

Heat pump Technology

High-efficiency light emitting diodes (LED) lighing

Low-emission boiler

6

Premium light dimming technology

7

Pumping System Optimisation

8

Recovery of industrial waste heat-366-

Boiler economiser
Flue gas heat recovery system
Low NOx regenerative burners:
High-performance industrial furnace (regenerative
burner)High-efficiency industrial pulverised coal Boiler
Small once-through boilers

Japan
Japan

Japan
Australia
United States
Japan
China
Japan
Japan

Reduce throttling losses

Australia

Slag water waste heat recovery blast furnace

China

Heat recovery and conversion to electricity

Australia

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

BAT Title

No.

Low-temperature waste heat recovery for
power generation using organic rankine cycles
Thermoelectric coordinated central
heating technology
8

Recovery of industrial waste heat

Low-grade waste heat to power absorption
chillers

Nominator

United States

China
United States

Waste energy recovery technology in themetallurgical industry using a coaxial drive

China

turbine unit
9Foundry metal stress relief technology

China

10

Variable frequency drives

United States

Note: the list is alphabetically ordered.

-367-

First Batch of International TOP TENs List
List of Top Ten Energy Efficiency
Best Practices (BPs)
Edited by Xiaoliang Sun
BP Title

No.

1

Energy conservation in the refining and chemical industries

China

2

Energy Just In Time (JIT) activities

Japan

3

Energy saving in a gigawatt-scale coal-fired generation unit

China

4

Zero-energy office building practices

China

5

Flight planning

Australia

6

Optimising generator controls

Australia

7

Promoting energy conservation and peak load control for factories

Japan

8

Integrating LNG cold energy into an ethylene plant

Japan

9

Reducing idle running in manufacturing

Australia

10

Using low-temperature industrial waste heat for district heating

China

Note: the list is alphabetically ordered.

-368-

Nominator

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Second Batch of International TOP TENs List
List of Top Ten Energy Efficiency
Best Available Technologies(BATs)
Industrial Sector
Edited by Ying Zhang
BAT Title

No.

Nominator

1

Energy-saving control chip technology on body voltage sensor

China

2

Energy saving technology based on three-phase sampling and fast response

China

3

Heat, cold and electricity generation by tri-generation

France4High-strength and low thermal conductivity heat insulating materials"ROSLIM™ Board GH"

Japan

5

Infrared technologies for drying and baking thin products or coating

France6Matrix Converter U1000

Japan

7

8

9

10

Optimum control of high efficiency inverter centrifugal chillers
using a heat source integrated control system

Japan

Selective and mass heating by microwaves

FranceThe high-effective energy-conservation recovery technology of the
excavator's potential energy
Variable speed drives (VSD) applied to centrifugal and other dynamic
machine (pumps,fans, compressors)

China

FranceNote: the list is alphabetically ordered.

-369-

List of Top Ten Energy Efficiency
Best Practices (BPs)
Industrial Sector
Edited by Wei Han
BP Title

No.

1

2

3

4

Cooking of food products using Micro-waves
ECO activities to actualize "Visualization(energy audit)"and"Optimization" using EQS-AD10 (Environmental Andon System)
Energy Management System Construction Case
Energy-saving practical case through centralized management andcontrol by Yanggu Xiangguang Copper

France
Japan

China

China

5

High frequencies for gelation of PVC coverings

France6High frequency sticking of composite products

France7

Promotion of energy conservation by circle activities at a paperboard
manufacturing plant

Japan

8

Reducing CO2 emissions in the supply chain

Japan

9

Reduction of base-load energy usage

Japan

10

Shagang Group 2500kW dust exhausting fan energy-savingreconstruction projectNote: the list is alphabetically ordered.

-370-

Nominator

China

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

List of Top Ten Energy Efficiency
Best Available Technologies(BATs)
Building Sector
Edited by Bin Hao
BAT Title

No.

1
2

Building energy management and information systems
Carbon dioxide (CO2) heat pump water heaters for home use ecoCute

Nominator

United States
Japan"ESTIA Premium Model"
3

Condensing gas tankless water heaters

United States

4

Heat pump water heaters

United States

5

6

7

Intelligent district heating platform with monitoring and operation
optimization technology in heating system
Key technologies of centrifugal units based on temperature andhumidity independent control system
Light-weight, small-sized, low-cost high efficiency LED high-bay
lighting fixtures

8

Occupant responsive lighting

9

Split-type air conditioner "Kirigamine FZ Series"

10

Treatment process of the prefabricated directly buried thermal insulating
pipes

China

China

Japan
United States
Japan
China

Note: the list is alphabetically ordered.

-371-

List of Top Ten Energy Efficiency
Best Practices (BPs)
Building Sector
Edited by Qingpeng Wei, Lanqin Zhang
BP Title

No.

1

Application case of the whole-process management of near-zero energyof No. 9 building of Shanghai Hongqiao State Guest Hotel

China

2

Case of Guangzhou White Swan Hotel energy saving reconstruction

China

3

China Academy of Building Research nearly zero energy building

China

4

Energy conservation activities at a next-generation green hospital

Japan

5

Energy conservation in the distribution of procured building products

Japan

6

Passive house technology center of Sino-German Ecopark

China

Promotion of super energy-saving construction by achieving "Japan's
7

first urban-style Zero Energy Building (ZEB)"

Japan

8

Life-cycle management of energy efficiency targe-"Joy City"project in Chengdu

China

9

University-wide efforts to build a smart campus

Japan

10

Zhuhai Singyes renewable energy R&D building

China

Note: the list is alphabetically ordered.

-372-

Nominator

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）Enterprise Interviews

Transform Corporate Social Responsibility into the Driving Force forEnergy Conservation: Pacific Textiles Strives to be an Industrial Pioneer
Reprinted from China Economic Herald

Instead of seeing large chimneys giving off black waste

road' in the hope of planting the philosophy of energy

gas or smelling pungent chemical odors,the reporter wassaving and environmental protection into the mind ofimpressed by the green football field behind the plant

every employee of the plant.' While showing the reporter

gate,the green corridor surrounding the plant area,thearound the park,Ma Jianhua,director of ISO Office offlowers on two sides of the corridor,the flowing water

Pacific Textiles said that "we have been taking the energy

and rockery nearby the dyeing room. The industrial

saving,emission reduction and environmental protectionwaste water after being processed became the artificial

as the most basic requirements of plant building andpond of the water source. In the pond were dozens ofdevelopment and plant operation since the establishment."

carps…When stepping into Pacific (Panyu) Textiles Ltd(hereinafter referred to as 'Pacific Textiles'),the reporter
felt as if entering a residential community.

Overfulfilling energy saving indexes,strictly formulatingenergy saving standards of the enterprise'The road that we are walking on is our plant’s 'environmentally-

Established in 1997,with its plant located in Nansha

friendly road' and we named other roads as 'energy saving

Development Zone,Guangzhou,Pacific Textiles is aroad','efficiency increase road','emission reduction

Hong Kong-invested high-tech enterprise dedicated to-373-

professional research and development,production andGuangdong Province.

operation of medium and high-grade knitted products. In

As one of the 20 enterprises whose energy-saving and2010,it was one of the pilot units that promoted Energy

emission reduction effect are under direct assessment

Management System in top 10 industries nationwide. Inof the Guangdong Province,Pacific Textiles has an

March 2011,it passed certification as the first enterprise inassessment expert team which is responsible for field

the dyeing industry nationwide. In March 2013,it passed

survey in plants. In order to effectively implement

the ISO50001 energy management system certification

the energy-saving and emission-reducing goal inas the first enterprise in textile industry nationwide. Since

every link of the plant production,Pacific Textiles has

the establishment of plant,for 21 years,Pacific Textiles has

been following a strict set of standards,which divides

been taking energy saving and environmental protection

the energy-saving indexes by different workshop

as its social responsibilities and innovating energy-saving

departments and products. Though the Guangdong

technologies.

Province has not yet set the energy-saving indexes for

According to the Comprehensive Work Plan for Energy
Conservation and Emission Reduction during the 12thFive-Year Plan,Guangdong Province set the goal of
cutting the coal consumption by 47,694 tons of coal

Pacific Textiles by the Comprehensive Work Plan for
Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction during the13th Five-Year Plan,Pacific Textiles will set the energysaving goal for itself annually,attempting to reducing theequivalent for Pacific Textiles. After five years ofenergy consumption by 10% by 2020.

efforts,Pacific Textiles has cut the coal consumption by'Apart from referring to the energy-saving indexes

50,642.82 tons of coal equivalent from 2011 to 2015 in

set by the Guangdong Province',Pacific Textiles also

total,thus overfulfilling the energy-saving task set by theformulates the energy-saving indexes annually,from-374-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

5%,3% and 2% to 1% in the recent two years. The

addition to creating social and economic efficacy,morecompany has developed a detailed index planning.

importantly strengthen enterprises’ competitiveness

Energy conservation and emission reduction areon the market. For example,foreign brands not only

like the squeezing of a sponge. The more thesponge is squeezed,the less the water is left in the
sponge. Then,the less the room is for further energy
conservation and emission reduction,and the moredifficult it will be. Therefore,we have gradually
lowered the energy-saving indexes,' says Ma Jianhua.

review product quality and safety,but also include theenergy-saving and environmental protection effectsof the suppliers into the scope of assessment. The
medium-and high-end foreign brands in particular do
not hope that suppliers provide goods at the sacrificeof the ecological environment. "If we do a good job
in environmental protection,clients will come to us.

Paying equal attention to social responsibilities andThen,we will become more competitive on the market,'interests,and strengthening the market competitivenesssays Ma Jianhua.

in an 'environmentally-friendly'way

The production capacity of Pacific Textiles has reached'We have been fighting hard for energy conservationand emission reduction for 21 years. For years,we havestuck to energy conservation and emission reduction.
Not only have we achieved satisfactory social
efficacy,but also we have created favorable economic
efficacy,' says Zhao Qizhi,General Manager of the
Public Works Department of Pacific Textiles. 'Energysaving and emission-reducing projects can actuallycreate economic efficacy. Many projects can recover its
costs in one to two years. Without benefits,enterprises’
enthusiasm for investing in energy-saving projects will
be dampened,' adds Ma Jianhua,"Energy conservationand emission reduction are actually a reflection of
corporate social responsibility and we have long

90,000 tons,more than 95% of which are sold to highend markets in Japan,European and North Americancountries. The service brands cover multiple fields,suchas the underwear,swimming suits,full dress,sports,andrecreation. Among them,there are many famousbrands,such as H & M,Calvin Klein,GAP,Polo,and
Adidas. According to statistics of the General
Administration of Customs,P. R. China and StatisticalSociety for Foreign Economic Relations and Trade of
China,Pacific Textiles has been listed among the Top
500 Chinese Foreign Trade Enterprises,and the Top
10 Export Enterprises in China’s textile and apparelindustry since 2004,and has maintained the ranking tothis date.

regarded corporate social responsibility as the driving

Vigorous investments in energy-saving projects andforce for our energy-saving and emission-reducing

striving to be energy-saving leaders in the industry

projects.'"N e w - t y p e A i r f l o w D y e i n g M a c h i n e U p g r a d e

Energy conservation and emission reduction can,inand Transformation Project','Secondary Waste-375-

Heat Recycling Project for Cooling Gas and Hot

vat coating heat insulation technology has been widely

Water in Compressor','Green Lighting Upgrade andadopted by the industrial colleagues. Inspired by theTransformation Project (LED Energy-saving Lights)'…

heat-insulating coatings used by ships and airplanes,the

Ma Jianhua and Zhao Qizhi demonstrated major energy

company had the idea of spraying the heat-insulatingconservation and emission reduction projects launchedcoatings on dye vat for heat preservation. The internal

by Pacific Textiles in recent years to the reporter of China

temperature of the dye vat,when working,will reach

Economic Herald. There have been 32 energy-saving

140℃. If the surface cannot preserve the heat,the surface

projects,whose investments totaled at around RMB 300

temperature of the dye vat can reach around 90℃ at most.

million,taking up 1% of the total enterprise assets.

The high surface temperature will cause loss of large

Annually,the China National Textile and Apparelamounts of heat. The lost heat takes up around 25% toCouncil (CNTAC) organizes industrial experts to visit

35% of the heat consumed by the dye vat. Apart fromenterprises doing a good job in energy conservation

the heat loss,the working environment is worsening,andand emission reduction in China,and provide voluntary

the ambient temperature will be high. The dye vat wall

diagnosis for the enterprise on energy conservation

can easily scald workers. Generally,the dye workshops

and emission reduction. "Before the visit of experts,theuse the heat-insulating cottons to wrap the dye vat.

enterprise leaders thought that they had been doing a

But this approach has some defects,including poor

good job in energy conservation and emission reduction.

attachment,poor heat-insulating effects,and vulnerability‘Our outlook is limited,’ say the company leaders after

to damage,which can impair the heat-insulating effect.

listening to experts’ energy-saving suggestions,' recalls

Pacific Textiles purchased coatings from the United

Ma Jianhua. "It has never occurred to us that there isStates,Japan and China for a spraying experiment on thestill such huge room for our energy conservation anddye vat,respectively. The effects and economical effects

emission reduction.' After receive the voluntary diagnosis

were compared. At last,coatings from the Chinese market

report from the expert team of the CNTAC,Pacificthat achieved the best effects and were proved to be theTextiles will invite the third party professional institution

most economical were chosen. Following that,all dye

for a comprehensive and strict assessment at its own

cylinders were sprayed with the heat-insulating coatings.

expenses. If the assessment results provided by the third"The dye vat coating heat-insulating technology is anparty institution realize the energy-saving and emission-

original technology developed by Pacific Textiles. The

reducing goal set by the enterprise,Pacific Textiles willHong Kong Productivity Council once visited our plant.

invest again in launching projects.

After verifying the heat-insulating effects,it recommended

Many energy-saving projects of Pacific Textiles havethe technology to the Hong Kong-invested printing andbeen promoted within the industry. For example,its dye

dyeing plants based in the Pearl River Delta Port,and-376-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）demonstrated it as a clean production achievement

immediate adjustment of the operation of sewageof Hong Kong in the Shanghai World Expo. This

treatment facilities,ensure the discharge of waste water totechnology has now found wide application among

be up to standards,and realize the real-time transmission

textile printing and dyeing plants. In addition,our dyeof the sewage discharge indexes. At the same time,there

vat heat-insulating technology was once adopted by

are designated personnel who can immediately checkthe NRDC as the material for making the energy-

relevant data via the mobile app.

saving and environmental protection film to be known'We hope that more and more textile printing and dyeing

worldwide,'says Ma Jianhua proudly.

enterprises can emphasize on energy conservation

Additionally,Pacific Textiles has been actively making

and emission reduction. In this way,enterprises canuse of the Internet technology in recent years,having

not only contribute to the environmental protection of

established the intelligent sewage treatment plant central

China,but also create economic benefits for enterprises,'

control room,which can monitor the operation status ofsays Zhao Qizhi. Pacific Textiles has kept on exploring

devices,including the draught fans and water pumps,andand innovating energy-saving and emission-reducing

realize the remote control of some valves. At the same

projects,and actively embraced the new-type energy-

time,the control center also collects the operation

saving technologies,striving to be an energy-saving

parameters of the water plant,including the water

pioneer in the industry.

volume,dissolved oxygen,effluent quality indexes,etc.
These parameters can facilitate maintenance personnel’s(Pi Zehong & Ma Siyong,reporters from China
Economic Herald).

-377-

S Zorb Low-temperature Waste Heat Power Generation:'New Pacemaker' of Energy Conservation Technologies ofChemical Industry
Reprinted from Economic Guide'By calibration,the net generating capacity of thetemperature waste heat power generation project of

ORC unit is about 535 kilowatts,which can satisfy

Yanshan Petrochemical Company went smoothly

the total electric load of the unit by around 50% andfrom its design to its use for production. 'The designed

meet the elastic requirement of the load operation of

capacity of the waste heat comprehensive utilization

the unit by around 60% to 100%,equivalent to energy

system is 1.05 million tons a year and the designed

saving of around 1.68 million kg of coal equivalentannual operating hours are 8,400 hours. On September

per year and reduced energy consumption of around

18,2015,the evaporator started oil citation and realized

1 kg of oil equivalent per ton. The energy-saving

start-up and grid connection successfully,' the director

effects and economic efficacy are obvious,' says thetold the reporter from China Economic Herald. The

technical director in relevant fields of Sinopec,fullproject has not yet been found with problems,such asof confidence in the operation effect of the 2#S
Zorb low-temperature waste heat power generation
project of Yanshan Petrochemical Company,the first
set of units set up by China Petroleum and Chemical

unit alteration,overall unit problems,etc. Its operation
status has been quite steady. Besides,it can work
uninterruptedly during the unit maintenance period andunder the prerequisite of reserved interface.

Corporation (hereinafter referred to as 'Sinopec') forrecycling and power generation of low-temperature

Low-temperature heat is converted into high-quality

heat of gasoline products.

electricity

Though being 'the first mover',the 2# S Zorb low-

It is known that,among various channels of low--378-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）temperature heat utilization,low-temperature waste

and Industrial Application of Low Temperature Waste

heat power generation is an important form of energy

Heat Power Generation,the 2015 technology development

recycling,which can directly convert the low-temperament

project developed on the basis of Yanshan Petrochemicalheat energy into the high-quality electricity. When it

Company project and further promoted reformers withis hard to find a suitable channel to recycle the low-

similar low-temperature waste heat resources,diesel

temperature waste heat,low-temperature heat powerhydrogenation unit and various types of process units andgeneration is an effective approach.

system units in petrochemical industry with energy saving

The reporter from China Economic Herald learned

amount reaching 40*1.04 million kilograms of coalthat the industrial application project of S Zorb low-

equivalent per year.

temperature waste heat power generation has been listed
in the technology development project of the Departmentof Technology of Sinopec. While forming technicalstandards,ORC waste heat power generation technology
is proposed to be comprehensively promoted and appliedin other S Zorb units in petrochemical system. The energy
saving amount is estimated to reach 55 million kg of coalequivalent per year.
ORC power generators of S Zorb unit of Sinopec
Changling Refining & Chemical Company are being
debugged and operated. the detailed design of S Zorb
unit and ORC power generators of diesel hydrogenation
unit of Sinopec Anqing Petrochemical Company has
been completed. ORC power generators of diesel

Challenges facing the industry are tackled by technicalreformThen,people may wonder what challenges in theindustry are tackled by low-temperature waste heat
power generation,where the important technical value
lies and why the promotion is pushed at such a highspeed. It’s known to all that the energy consumptionof petrochemical industry occupies 16% of the totalindustrial energy consumption. The fuel consumption of
Sinopec is around 40 million tons of oil equivalent per
year,the majority of which is dissipated as waste heat.
It’s known that low-temperature waste heat refers to waste
heat resources at the temperature of 90℃-150℃,includinghydrogenation unit of Sinopec Maoming Petrochemical

water for heat transfer,exhaust gas,low-pressure diffusedCompany are being debugged and operated. SEI (Sinopec

steam,to-be-cooled process logistics,etc. Industries suchEngineering Incorporation) has realized 3 sets of S Zorb

as chemical engineering,cement and metallurgy are

low-temperature waste heat industrial operation projects

abundant with low-temperature waste heat resources.

and over 10 sets of planning and design projects. The

However,in the absence of corresponding technologies,for

low-temperature waste heat power generation technology

a long time,a large amount of low-temperature waste heathas been promoted by leaps and bounds. Meanwhile,thehas been wasted except for the application in coolingreporter from China Economic Herald also learned thatand heating with a small amount. In some processes,low-

SEI undertook the Packaged Technology Development

temperature heat is treated by energy-consuming means-379-

such as air cooling and water cooling,during which,instead(＞100℃) of most processes can be used for powerof energy saving,a large amount of other energies are

generation. secondly,while utilizing waste heat for power

consumed.

generation,the air cooler and water cooler for original'The recycling of such part of waste heat is of strategic

logistic cooling can be suspended to save electricity

importance for the realization of energy saving andand water. thirdly,the biggest advantage of waste heatemission reduction,costs decrease,benefits increase andpower generation is the unrestricted utilization of

corporate competitiveness enhancement,' says the director.

power generated and the unit can function normally

How does S Zorb unit carry out low-temperature waste

without being subject to changes in heat trap conditions.

heat power generation? For example,for a set of S Zorb

fourthly,the emergency shutdown of waste heat power

units with a capacity of 1.2 million tons per year,the load

generators exerts no impact on the safe and stableof low-temperature waste heat (135℃~70℃) of bottoms

operation of the unit and other units.

is designed to be 7 megawatts and the heat load undernormal operation is 5~6 megawatts. By adopting ORC
for power generation,the gross generating capacity is
600~700 kilowatts,the system cycle power generation
efficiency is 8%~10% and net electric generation isaround 500-600 kilowatts.
'ORC power generators have been provided for lowtemperature waste heat of bottoms of 2# S Zorb unit
(130-140/70℃). In design conditions,the net generating
capacity of ORC unit is around 540 kilowatts,which

However,some problems may occur in actual caseapplication of the technology. For example,as therequirement on gasoline vapor pressure in summer andwinter varies,operation parameters of stabilizers mayvary,which affects the power generation power. It’s said
that the gross power generation power and self-used
power are slightly higher than design value even thoughwaste heat comprehensive utilization system satisfies
designed generating capacity.
Meanwhile,the waste heat power generation technology
has its fixed application conditions - the temperature

can satisfy 50% of the total electric load of the unit,' theof waste heat for power generation should be highdirector told the reporter from China Economic Herald.

and preferably higher than 100℃ with heat basically

The restricted application condition has no impact ontechnology promotion

ranging from1to5megawatts. For waste heat resources
with a temperature lower than 100℃,the director said
that it’s not suggested to recycle waste heat for power

As a matter of fact,the S Zorb low-temperature waste

generation but we may consider other utilization measuresheat power generation project features outstanding

such as water desalted by waste heat,cooling by waste

advantages in technology promotion: firstly,when direct

heat,temperature maintaining of tank field and heatutilization is not possible,low-temperature waste heattracing. 'The temperature of the water for heat transfer-380-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）of hot water power generation project of a refinery

process units under all situations.

enterprise is 70/95℃ and the cycle efficiency of waste

According to relevant statistics,currently,our recycling

heat power generators is only 5%. Therefore,only whenefficiency of industrial waste heat is only 80% of

the application conditions are met can the maximumthat of developed countries. Therefore,to enhance theefficiency and value of technologies be realized.

energy utilization efficiency is our top priority in energy

However,the fixed conditions will not influence thesaving and emission reduction. For refinery enterprises

further promotion of technologies.'

having a huge amount of waste heat resources,the large-

Without doubt,the design of waste heat power generation

scale industrial application of S Zorb low-temperaturesystem is subject to some requirements such as thewaste heat power generation technology enables thesein-depth understanding of process unit design andenterprises to fully realize gradient utilization of energy

operation,mastery of advantages and disadvantages of all

and form energy saving products with independentkinds of waste heat power generation technologies,safe

intellectual property right and core competitiveness. In

design of heat removal system,safe and reliable heat-

this context,the 2# S Zorb low-temperature waste heatexchange device,well-prepared precautionary measures,nopower generation project of Yanshan Petrochemical

influence on work safety of the unit (such as the harm

Company will undoubtedly set an example for theof the leakage of heat removal system of aromatic

recycling of low-temperature heat resources,carbonhydrocarbon unit on adsorbent) and no influence of low-emission reduction,energy saving and consumption

temperature power generation system on production

reduction of refinery enterprises.

load,stable operation,work safety,product quality of(Gong Xin,reporter from China Economic Herald).

-381-

Energy Passed in the Air-Permanent Magnetic Transmission Energy
Saving Device of Xinyu Iron & SteelThe Energy Saving Practice with the Maximum Power in the World
Reprinted from Economic Guide

Primary dedusting fan of blast furnace of Xinyu Iron

Steel applied our technology,they saved power of 7.2482& Steel after renovation

million kWh every year,equivalent to saving 19,800'Our company launched the world-leading permanent

kWh every day and saving energy of 2,261 tons of coalmagnetic eddy flexible transmission energy saving

equivalent every year.

technology that is safe,green and energy saving. Based

This technology is an emerging technology that canon modern theory of magnetism,it’s a new energy saving

reach the dual indexes of safety,reliability and energy

technology that applies the magnetic action produced bysaving,consumption reduction and an ideal alternative

permanent magnetic materials to complete non-contact

green product. It’s an important reform in powertransfer of force or moment and realize air transfer oftransmission technology.

energy. The core value is to make transmission safer,moreconvenient,efficient and environmentally friendly. It’s

Dual guarantee of energy saving and safety

another epoch-making innovative technology following

Currently,70% power generated in the whole society is

fluid coupling technology and power variable frequency

consumed in industry and 70% power in the industry

drive technology,' Huang Jihua,head of Technical Support

is consumed by motor. Therefore,to find a way to save

Department of MagnaDrive told the reporter from China

energy in motor system is the top priority in energy cost

Economic Herald during an interview,'our technology

reduction in industrial development process and a key

usually saves energy of 10% to 60%. After Xinyu Iron &link in deepening energy saving,consumption reduction-382-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）and promoting industrial structure adjustment. As aeddy flexible transmission energy saving technology

new energy saving technology,permanent magnetic

is a new technology that applies the magnetic action

transmission technology plays an increasingly important

produced by permanent magnetic materials to completerole in guaranteeing safety of motor system,enhancing

non-contact transfer of force or moment and realize air

energy saving of motor system despite its short entry intotransfer of energy. The core value is to make transmission

Chinese market. It has become the most effective cleansafer,more convenient,efficient and environmentally

technology to accelerate industry structure restructuring

friendly.

and energy efficiency upgrade in China.

'Located in the medium-sized city of Anshan,we are

Established in 2012 in Anshan,the steel city inmost challenged by talents problem during technology

Northeast China,MagnaDrive made its way to NEEQ.

innovation and development. The solution is 'two external

Mainly engaged in R&D,production,service and sales

supports'. Firstly,we rely on external best minds. In recentof permanent magnetic eddy flexible transmission

years,we established two academician workstations based

technology (permanent magnetic transmission

on the technical support from two academicians of CAE

technology),the company is dedicated to the promotion

and two institutes of CAS and obtained good effects. Weof permanent magnetic transmission technology in work

made major breakthrough in innovation and development

safety,energy saving and environmental protection.

of product technology. Secondly,we rely on non-local

MagnaDrive’s listing in NEEQ effectively raised

areas. We established technical R&D center in Beijing

the awareness of permanent magnetic transmission

and enhanced our R&D level through big platform.'

technology,enhanced the application of permanent

Ma Zhongwei,president of MagnaDrive said that 'now

magnetic transmission technology and promoted thewe have two technical centers. Anshan Center focuses

popularity of it. The self-developed permanent magnetic

on current issues and Beijing Center focuses on future-383-

issues. In this way,we have more choices,more reservestransformation with the permanent magnetic eddy flexible

and more competitive edges.'transmission energy saving device WH-4000 developed

During technical exchange with Xinyu Iron & Steel,Huang

by MagnaDrive and the minimum rotating speed can be

Jihua learned that the speed-regulating fluid coupling

adjusted to 300rpm. 45% energy saving rate is added on

adopted by them is subject to the following shortcomings

the basis of energy saving of fluid coupling. After thirdin actual application: complex structure,large work

party testing of CECEP Consulting Co.,Ltd.,the annual

load in daily maintenance,difficulty in installation andenergy saved can reach 2,261 tons of coal equivalent.

dismantling. poor accuracy of fluid coupling operation

Meanwhile,the project is the first application of permanentand different rotating speed for the same open value. highmagnetic eddy flexible transmission energy saving device

fault rate,poor reliability,frequently stuck connecting

in the maximum power (3,500 KW).

rod,especially failure to normally speed up during 560r/

Huang Jihua explained the permanent magnetic eddy

min-580r/min. frequent oil leakage to pollute operation

flexible transmission energy saving technology to theenvironment and bury hidden risks for overhaul. longreporter that it a new technology that applies the magnetic

adjustment time of 4 minutes from low speed to highaction produced by permanent magnetic materials to

speed (500r/min~1,000r/min). high maintenance fees ascomplete non-contact transfer of force or moment based

200 liters of oil are added to each liquid coupling everyon the basic theory of modern magnetism. By the principle

month.

of 'like charges repel,but opposite ones attract'of magnetic'Liquid coupling features low efficiency,high fault rate.

materials,it turns magnetic power into mechanical power.

Most deadly,it’s easy to cause blast of converter when it’s

The basic principle of the technology is to follow theshut down. Therefore,Xinyu Iron & Steel is concerned

basic principle of magnetic induction,namely 'Lenz's law'.

about the transmission device. After learning about our

When motor drives conductor disc to rotate,the disc andpermanent magnetic technology,the cooperation of boththe permanent magnetic disc installed at load end started

parties was reached,' says Huang Jihua.

to cut magnetic line of force,thereby forming eddy in

Daily saving of 19,800 kWh

conductor disc. The eddy generates repulsive magnetic
field surrounding conductor disc,thereby driving the

China Economic Herald learned from CECEP Consulting

rotating of permanent disc,thereby achieving air transfer

Co.,Ltd. that their energy saving audit report showed thatof energy.

the primary dedusting fan (3,500 KW,1,500RPM) of blast'It’s the medium-free transmission system that achieves

furnace of the No. 2 Steelmaking Plant of Xinyu Iron &higher energy saving effect,' explains Huang Jihua. The

Steel used fluid coupling for speed adjustment before

permanent magnetic eddy flexible transmission device

and the minimum rotating speed can be only adjusted tois developed based on these principles in combination

600rpm. In January 2016,they conducted energy savingwith the application of rare earth permanent magnetic-384-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）technology,transmission new technology and high-overall service life of fan system is greatly enhance.

precision equipment manufacturing technology.

Moreover,the production environment will not be polluted

The energy saving audit report of CECEP Consulting

due to oil leakage of fluid coupling and the energy saving

Co.,Ltd. shows that Xinyu Iron & Steel after adopting

efficiency is outstanding. Meanwhile,the transfer of torquethe permanent magnetic speed-regulating fan project

via air can effectively avoid vibration damage caused bytransformation of MagnaDrive,has lower daily

physical connection.

maintenance amount,saves around RMB 60,000 in

Huang Jihua mentioned that this new technology is

fluid coupling oil injection fees annually. enjoys higher

widely applied. Due to continuously innovated andoperation accuracy and adjusts fan flow rate and pressure

upgraded technology,the product series continue toaccording to production process needs in strict accordance

improve and sales market has covered many fields

with process needs. enjoyed high operation stability.

such as aerospace,military industry,maritime,metallu

Permanent magnetic speed-regulating device,through air

rgy,oil,petrochemical,coal,electricity,mine and manytransfer of torque,enjoys higher reliability and more stabletransmission devices such as pump,fan,oil extractor,air

equipment operation without stuck fluid coupling scoop

blower,bucket wheel machine,compressor,pulper,rushtube compared with fluid coupling with oil as working

er and belt conveyor. CNPC,Sinopec,CNOOC,China

medium. Meanwhile,the device life cycle is longer. The

Guodian,CPI,China Huadian,CSIC,Ansteel,Shougang

service life of main body parts of permanent magnetic

Group,Baosteel,CHALCO are users of the company.

speed-regulating device can reach 25 years under normal(Cheng Hui,reporter from China Economic Herald).

usage and maintenance. Compared with fluid coupling,the-385-

Energy Consumption Waste of Compressed Air?
Leave It to Smart Collocation Air Compression Station
Reprinted from Economic Guide

Air Compressor Station

million annually only by improving the air compressor

As one of the three major power sources,compressed

system efficiency by 1%.

air is widely applied. The energy consumption ratio of

As industrial enterprises fail to fully recognize the energy

air compressor in the industry is 8.7% while the annual

consumption waste of compressed air system,the energy

power consumption of air compressors reaches as highsaving of compressed air system is becoming an important

as 300 billion kWh,among which,over 40% of energy

and pressing issue in China. During the 'the 11th Five-consumption was wasted due to unmatched power device

Year Plan' and 'the 12th Five-year Plan' periods,manyloads,irrational configuration of gas supply network

enterprises carried out energy saving transformation onand extensive gas consumption of end device. Somefans and water pumps without involving energy saving

electronic enterprise customers with high demand onof air compressors. With the implementation of energy-

compressed air can save electricity fees of over RMB 1

saving plan of 'the 13th Five-year Plan',currently,many-386-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）enterprises have started to improve energy saving ofmanner is an effective way to save energy.

compressed air system.

Li Jing,president & general manager of Ecoso told

Then how is air compression system transformed to

the reporter from China Economic Herald that 'Ecoso

be energy-saving? Beijing Ecoso Co.,Ltd. (hereinafter

conducts energy saving transformation on air compression

referred to as 'Ecoso') has been specialized insystem widely applied in industrial manufacturing fieldcompressed air system energy saving for nearly 10

and provides overall energy saving solution from power

years and provided an effective solution to it. The

source to end gas consumption device.'

smart air compression station developed by Ecoso

Specifically,the comprehensive energy saving ofmanages energy saving system,air compression

compressed air system is a system energy saving frompipe network energy saving control system,terminal

power source to energy consumption end,from single

dedicated energy saving and control system based

device to the whole system,from extensive managementon the gas consumption characteristics of production

to intensive process.

devices of factory to enhance the usage efficiency of

Li Jing explained that 'the main body subject

air compressors,reduce electricity consumption andto transformation includes air compressor

increase energy saving rate to 30%. Meanwhile,itstation,compressed air transmission pipe network,gas

enhances the automated management level ofappliances. The transformation aims to improve theenterprises and produces energy saving benefits far

load and air compressor matching efficiency,enhancehigher than that of common devices.

compressed air utilization efficiency,realize overall

Compressed air is 10 times more expensive thanelectricity
According to tests run by authoritative institutions,only
10% of the electricity consumed by air compressors

energy saving solution from power source to end gas
supply device of air compressor system,achieve energy
saving efficiency of compressed air system in the fieldof manufacturing industry and realize informationbased,automated,intelligent management of compressedcan be converted into compressed air,and the remaining

air system of industrial enterprises.'

90% is converted into heat. So it is apparent but also

According to Li Jing,in the implemented energy saving

often ignored that compressed air is 10 times moretransformation project,the current energy saving rate isexpensive than electricity. The sound of air leakage

20% to 30%,which brings favorable economic benefits

can be heard everywhere in most factories,but veryand social benefits to enterprises.

few people seem to care. If the leakage problem'As the conditions of industrial enterprises in China areis solved,a huge amount of energy can be saved.

complicated and the devices purchased in different period

Therefore,controlling air compressor clusters

may vary,air compressor system can jointly control several

comprising multiple air compressors in a centralized

air compressors of different brands and ages and auxiliary-387-

devices of air compressor,etc.,' Li Jing told themode,Li Jing explained that 'smart collocation

reporter from China Economic Herald. Therefore,the

air compression station adopts BOO modesystem features strong compatibility. Based on theinvested,constructed,operated and maintained bygas production of air compressors,the system matches

Ecoso,which changed the EPC mode of traditional air

dryers and monitors and controls cooling towers,watercompressor energy saving technical transformation

pumps,cooling water valves,air compressor energy

and EMC mode of contract energy management.

saving auxiliary control cabinet,pipeline gas supply

Customers are free from investment,operation andenergy saving management units. Meanwhile,it

have lower gas consumption cost. All equipment ofcalculates power for relevant devices,monitors

smart collocation air compression station is owned byp r e s s u r e , f l o w, t e m p e r a t u r e a n d d e w p o i n t s o f

Ecoso and can be shared by different customers'.

compressed air and pressure,temperature and flow ofcooling water.
After one decade of development,the technology of
Ecoso won second prize of National Science andTechnology Progress Award. Experts from China
Machinery Industry Federation gave authoritativeevaluation: the research results made several
innovations in theory and technology and solved
some key technical difficulties in our compressed air
system energy saving. The formed technical system
has been applied in energy saving transformation in
many manufacturing enterprises in China with energy
saving rate reaching 30%.

Additionally,Li Jing said that 'we specially developed
data collection device dedicated for air compression
station and smart sharing integrated intelligent air
compressor. We also built intelligent data monitoring
platform.'
The data collection device dedicated for air
compression station builds sensor network by IoTtechnology to collect relevant device operation
information,process parameters in real time throughimbedded system technology. Combined with
Internet,it provides data basis for smart energy
air compression station and provides underlying
support for 'the integration of IT application with

Brand new collocation business modeindustrialization'.

Since it’s called smart collocation air compression

Smart sharing air compression device integrates

station,in addition to energy saving,'smart' is a must-sensors and intelligent devices of intelligent

mentioned part. It’s known that smart collocation

control system,integrates advanced manufacturing

air compression station is a brand new collocation

technology,information technology and intelligent

business mode and sharing economy. What does it

control technology. It focuses on operation efficiency

mean?

of air compressor and maximizes gas and electricity

Ta r g e t i n g t h i s s e t o f b r a n d n e w b u s i n e s sratio. The container-type standard structure and-388-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

its adaptation to massive manufacturing,shortened

optimized station layout,replaced low-efficiency

construction period and easy movement make itequipment,stabilized output pressure,improved

applicable to sharing air compression station.

purification quality,promoted green and low-carbon

Centering on whole life cycle of 'access,management,codevelopment and lowered operation cost to realize new

mputing,usage,maintenance',intelligent data monitoring

air compression station where energy can be smartly

platform provides access,integration,treatment

utilized. The plan adopts BOO operation mode toof relevant cloud service of flow-type real-completely eliminate the investment pressure of users

time data and structured data and realizes fastin the early stage.

gathering,comprehensive management,efficientC u r r e n t l y, t h e ' t h o u s a n d - s t a t i o n p l a n ' h a s b e e ncomputing,dynamic association of big data. By means

implemented for over 2 years and some problemsof big data technology,cloud computing,relevanceoccurred in the process. Li Jing told the reporter fromanalysis,intelligent service,through analysis of

China Economic Herald that 'the biggest problem isoperation data of air compressors,device fault can

the model transformation to be accepted by customers.'

be early warned accurately so as to greatly enhance

For this,she said that it’s required to step up publicity

operation efficiency of factory. Especially throughefforts,promote the kind of business mode throughoptimized scheduling and precise control,the operation

network,exhibition,training session,and customer

efficiency of air compressor is enhanced and energy

reception meeting. Currently,users of air compressors

consumption is reduced to the greatest degree.

in China already had a preliminary understanding of'Thousand-station plan' has been implemented
for two years and users already had a preliminary
understanding'thousand -station plan' and showed interest in thismode.
According to Lu Huapeng,general manager assistant of
Shandong Binzhou Mengwei Daika Hub Co.,Ltd.,theAs a matter of fact,as early as 2016,Ecoso launchedfirst user unit of smart energy air compression'thousand-station plan' for commonly existed

station of 'thousand-station plan','the smart energy air

problems such as low equipment efficiency,excessive

compression station of Ecoso provided an effective

gas supply under high pressure,loss of regularsolution to three problems of factories: firstly,the air

maintenance,inadequate purification treatment andcompression station collocation mode alleviated newpoor working environment. It planned to build 1,000

compressor investment pressure for gas consumption

smart collocation air compression stations nationwide

of newly added production capacity. secondly,thewithin 10 to 15 years. Through designing efficient,int

energy saving and upgrade of original air compression

elligent,normalized and standard configuration,Ecoso

station lowered energy consumption and finally-389-

cut the comprehensive gas consumption costs ofgas consumption safety and greatly lightened thefactories. thirdly,the standard,intelligent,profession

management burden of factories.'

al smart energy air compression station guaranteed(Bai Xue,reporter from China Economic Herald).

-390-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Yungang Thermal Power's Way to Achieve Energy Conservation
Serves Three Purposes
Reprinted from Economic Guide

Full view of Dead Steam Renovation System
Is there really a technology that can save energy while'Absorption heat exchanger unit installed on user side
is connected in series with traditional plate-type heatincreasing heating capacity,reducing emission andexchanger. Without changing secondary network supply

consuming the same amount of energy? Yes,this is theand return water temperature,the primary heat-supply

surprise brought by the turbine dead steam waste heat

network return water temperature can be greatly reduced.

utilization project based on high-temperature-difference

The dead steam waste heat supply of turbines of powerby Shanxi Datang Yungang Thermal Power Co.,Ltd

plant (note: dead steam refers to the dead steamed from(hereafter referred to as 'Yungang Thermal Power').

dead steam port and thermal potential energy) enables-391-

the thermal power plants to enhance its the existingis the biggest losses of thermodynamic system. 'Taking

heating capacity of heating units by over 30% and reduce

Yungang power plant as an example,subject to the rated

system heating energy consumption by over 40%. In thisheating operating conditions in winter,the exhaust steam

way,it made high-temperature-difference convey of pipe

loss of turbines occupies around 17% of the total calorificnetwork possible,enhanced conveying capacity of heat-value of fuels. The exhaust steam of turbines is waste heat

supply network by around 80% and reduced investment

emission for thermal power plant. However,for low-grade

and conveying energy consumption of new pipe networkbuilding heating,huge energy waste will be caused if it’sby over 30%,' the relevant technical director of Yungang

not utilized,' says the technical director.

Thermal Power told the reporter from China Economic

For Datong City,with the fast development of the city,theHerald.

tension in heat supply and demand has long existed. For

In 2012,as required by Datong Municipal Government,Yungang

example in 2015,based on overall planning of Datong,theThermal Power implemented dead steam waste heatcentralized heating area of urban area reached 67.8

utilization renovation project to enhance heat supply

million square meters,including 23.8 million squareability. Up to now,the project has been running formeters of heating area of Yungang Thermal Power. Backover 6 years. 'The system equipment operation isthen,the actual heating capacity of centralized heating

stable and the comparative advantages of the projectsource of Datong urban area was only 2,610 megawatts

technology are evident. In particular,in terms of return

which could only meet the heating demand of 50.19

water temperature difference of enlarged heat-supply

million square meters when it’s severely cold upon the

network,the well-matched technologies can be hardly

calculation according to 52 watt/square meter of mixed

found in China,' the director told the reporter. By

heating thermal load of new and old buildings. The gap

combining the characteristics of existing heating systemreached 17.61 million square meters.

and absorption heat pump technology,many technicalThe development of CHP technology is expected improve

innovations have been achieved in project research andthe shortage in heating. Currently,CHP centralized

application. The successful operation of the project played

heating features the highest efficiency in all kinds ofa positive demonstration role for the further promotion

heat sources in towns in North China. In recent years,weand development of the technology. It’s the future

have gradually formed the basic heating pattern of CHP-

development direction for our CHP centralized heating

centered,regional boiler-supplemented and other advancedmode.

efficient heat source methods as supplement.

Born at the right moment with evident technicalstrength
For a long time,the cold-side loss of thermal power plant-392-

As to the way to improve heating capacity and energy
utilization efficiency of CHP by extracting dead steam
heat and enhance the heat-supply network conveying
power by increasing temperature difference of heat-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）supply network supply/return water,Tsinghua University

basic load during the whole heating season and the

proposed the 'absorption heat exchange concept' andheat-supply network only provided peak heating when

'CHP centralized heating system based on absorption heatit’s severely cold,so as to greatly save heating steam

exchange (hereinafter referred to as Co-ah system)' in

extracting,increase the power generation and heating

2007,thus starting the new phase of efficient utilization of

capacity of thermal power plant.

dead steam waste heat of turbines.

In addition,the technology has a striking advantage

In 2011,Yungang Thermal Power obtained approvalcompared with other condensed steam waste heatfor dead steam waste heat utilization transformation

recovery technologies. For example,the condensed steam

project and started transformation in 2012. After

extraction ratio is matched with that of units to maketransformation,the heating capacity was improved by

the capacity selection of heat pump more reasonable.

480 megawatts and the heating area was increased byThrough the provision of low-temperature heat exchanger

8.89 million square meters,equivalent to the reduction ofand system series-parallel connection in the origin

two 300-megawatts centralized heating units or ten 80t/

station,the energy level matching of low-temperatureh (note: t/h is boiler capacity unit) heating boilers. In thisdead steam waste heat of heat-supply network water andway,it effectively alleviated the critical issue facing CHP

power plant was achieved and the water temperature

centralized heating and directly promoted the acceleration

rise in heat-supply network was significant. In thisof municipal infrastructure construction,guaranteeing ofway,the dead steam recovery and utilization amount was

thermal supply and improvement of urban environment.

enhanced to occupy 30% of total heating capacity and

The reporter of China Economic Herald learned that thesignificant energy saving effect was shown.

implementation of the heating project greatly improved

As a matter of fact,regular absorption heat pump

the economy of CHP,enhanced profitability of power

centralized heating technology adopts parallel connection

plant on the premise of caloric value loss and effectively

in system layout. When heating loads are reduced,low-r e d u c ed e m is s i o n . D u e t o t h e i m p l em e n t a ti o n o fgrade dead steam waste heat cannot be fully utilized andYungang Thermal Power waste heat utilization project,inheating load is increased. When it’s severely cold,the

2013,Datong completed emission reduction tasks.

recycling amount reduces due to insufficient waste heat.

It’s reported that the project set low-temperature heat

The project adopts the way that combines series andexchanger within waste heat recycling units,adopted

parallel connection to arrange the low-temperature heat-

three-section gradient heating network circulatingexchange section in series and arrange them to heatwater of direct heating of condenser,absorption heatin medium-temperature heating section of waste heatpump heating,bleed heating based on energy gradient

recycling units in parallel,that is,primary heat-supply

utilization principle. In this way,the low-temperature heat

network return water passes through the low-temperatureexchanger of waste heat recycling units only undertook

heat exchanger of a unit to directly absorb dead steam-393-

waste heat and passes through low-temperature heatexchange process.

exchanger of another unit for secondary heat absorption.

'The rated heating capacity of single unit before

The heated primary heat-supply network water is heatedtransformation was 377 megawatts. After transformation,it

in medium-temperature heating section of their respective

increased to 422 megawatts after transformation and thewaste heat recycling units in parallel before peak heating

hourly income under rated heating working conditionin heater of origin station of heat-supply network.

increased by RMB 500. If the thermal load variation is

Stable operation and increased economic effect andsocial environmental protection effectHowever,as the transformation is carried out based on
original system,the transformation process is subject
to unfavorable factors such as construction sites,work
period,drawings,which brought high degree of difficultyin technical modification. However,the implementerovercame all difficulties and successfully put the project

not high and the operation is conducted according to 380
megawatts of heating load under the condition of all-open
low-adjusted valves that satisfy high steam extraction
amount,the hourly income increases by RMB 12,000.' says
the director of Yungang Thermal Power when speaking of
the income changes after project transformation.
Certainly,economic benefit is only one thing. Analyzed
according to the alternative large-area coal-fired heating
boiler,the recovered dead steam heating load is equivalent

into operation. Relevant director told the reporter thatto 254,000 tons of coal equivalent saved,656,100 tons

the production system functioned stably and waste heatof carbon dioxide emission reduced,8,900 tons ofrecovery effect was evident and energy saving effectsulfur dioxide emission reduced,38,000 tons of smoke

was also evident after the project was put into operation.

emission reduced,15,000 tons of ashes emission reduced

Precious experience in engineering construction andevery year. Compared with conventional heating

operation optimization was also obtained during projectplan,the project,while saving energy and reducing

implementation and operation.

consumption,not only reduced the impact of coal,ashes

On one hand,the project fully realized gradient utilizationon the environment,traffic and land occupation duringof energy,reduced irreversible loss and fully utilized low-

handling,transportation and storage process but avoided

grade dead steam waste heat compared with traditional

the disturbance of noise and dust on residential life during

CHP heating,heat pump centralized heating modes andoperation of centralized coal-fired boilers. Thus,after thehigh back pressure heating mode,thus realizing energy

implementation of the project,with the increased heatinglevel matching of heat exchange process. On the othercapacity of power plant,the energy saving,environmental

hand,it greatly reduced irreversible loss and enhanced

protection and social benefits achieved are outstanding.

economic benefits of thermal power plant in heat

(Gong Xin,reporter from China Economic Herald)-394-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Beautiful but Not 'Wasteful'White Swan Hotel's Development Fueled by Energy Saving Measures
Reprinted from Economic Guide'Hometown Water' Water-curtain Air Conditioner
System of White Swan Hotel

Alongside the glistening Pearl River,a 'swan' has been'guarding' the Shameen Baietan of Guangzhou. It has
survived the trials and hardships during the past 35
years. and still lingered in the minds of Guangzhou
citizens after over 3 years of suspension for renovation.
years of energy saving and emission reduction efforts
equipped her with the wings of energy saving for her to'fly' further in the 'green' sky.
At the end of 1970s,the construction of Guangzhou
White Swan Hotel officially began. On February
6,1983,it was open to citizens in Guangzhou. With thebooming of hotel industry in Guangzhou,a large numberof upscale hotel buildings were built. International
brand and high star-level new hotels greatly challenged
White Swan Hotel in its 'aged period' in terms of-395-

brand influence and hardware configuration. In 2012,to‘hometown water’ was transformed from the man-madestrengthen brand,enhance market competitiveness,enhancewaterfall to a water-curtain air conditioner,' says Dengcustomer experience and reach comfortable,targeted,perso

Wenyue,deputy general manager of Guangzhou White

nalized,low-consumption,high-efficiency standard,White

Swan Hotel excitingly,'the flowing water of ‘hometown

Swan Hotel officially launched comprehensive renovationwater' cools down the landscape water of fish pond byproject and launched energy saving projects at this time.

virtue of redundant air conditioner cooling capacity at

After over 3 years of comprehensive upgrade,White Swannight so as to transform and store excessive cooling

Hotel equipped with energy-saving wings was reopen tocapacity. In the daytime,natural thermal radiation principle

citizens in Guangzhou in July 2015.

is utilized to release the cooling capacity in the pond andJoining hands with professional institutions to achievesignificant effect in energy saving and emission
reduction
To make the energy saving project more targeted andprofessional,White Swan Hotel entrusted Guangzhou
Design Institute as the 'main designer' of the energy
saving renovation project and made it responsible
for planning,drawing design,core technology R&D.
Guangzhou Design Institute 'tailored' over 11 energysaving plans according to the actual needs of White Swan
Hotel and applied for over 10 inventions and utility model
patents,and published 8 relevant papers. The reporter
was impressed by one after another energy saving 'black

create a cool environment in the open atrium so as togreatly reduce the energy consumption of air conditionerof atrium with large areas of light tent. The heat exchangerof cooling 'hometown water' is buried in the undergroundequipment room and will not affect landscape.'
Data shows that after transformation,White Swan
Hotel lowered its whole-year comprehensive energy
consumption (coal equivalent) in 2016 by 30% comparedwith the year 2010 with the actual energy consumption
fees lowered by 49% compared with the year 2010 andthe energy consumption fees saved exceeding RMB 17
million. In 2017,while the business volume was greatly
increased,the whole-year actual energy consumption

technologies' including atrium 'hometown water' water

fee evened out with that of 2016,only occupying 5.5%

curtain air conditioner system','rainwater recovery

of total revenue of the year,outperforming the energy

technology','energy monitoring and management systemsaving indexes placed by competent departments ofapplication'.

Guangdong,Guangzhou Governments on White Swan

You may find the overall style of the building kept

Hotel.

as a whole when you enter White Swan Hotel thatwelcomes guest with brand new image. The 'hometown
water'cherished by numerous visitors is still flowing.
'Actually,the 'hometown water' has some secrets. The-396-

White Swan Hotel faced up to challenges along theroad of energy saving
When approving the renovation project of White Swan

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Hotel,relevant authorities of Guangzhou Municipalof all non-traditional energy technology maturity andGovernment clarified that White Swan Hotel is locatedinvestment cost performance,it decided to make 'targetedwithin the scope of Baietan Economic Cycle and all

monitoring of traditional energy and comprehensive

newly built and renovated projects within the region

utilization of waste energy' as main modes of energy

must research green building standards. Relevantsaving and consumption reduction. Backed by architecture

authorities of Guangzhou Municipal Government

energy saving,assisted by rainwater collection anddemanded White Swan Hotel to lower its comprehensive

utilization,the team focused on system and controlledenergy consumption by 23.82% from 2010,the complete

details to ensure that energy-saving investment was put in

operation year before renovation.

the right place so as to satisfy the renovation objectives'While the structure,layout,equipment and pipeline spaceof historic preservation,operation demand,professional

are limited,the renovation of an existing building undernorms,essence heritage while achieving energy saving andhistoric preservation and strict restriction of all kinds

consumption reduction.

of professional standards is required to satisfy future
operation needs,increase energy consumption systems
such as controlled air conditioners,outdoor constanttemperature swimming pools. White Swan Hotel faced
great challenges in reaching the energy saving andconsumption reduction objective set by Guangzhou
Municipal Government,' recalls Deng Wenyue,'at thattime,after careful study of White Swan Hotel Group,White
Swan Hotel leaders and project management team,theydecided to face up to challenge to not only meet theenergy saving objective proposed by superior competentdepartment but also scale new height.'
After setting the objective,the project management
team and Guangzhou Design Institute that undertook

Making down-to-earth analysis and choice during
energy-saving endeavor
Deng Wenyue was the general manager of a real estategroup. He was the witness of the development of White
Swan Hotel as he lived in Xiguan,Guangzhou at a young
age and often played around in Shameen with adults.
Therefore,he had a deep feeling for the legendary hotelthat witnessed the reform and opening up of China.
When asked about the sentiment about leading energy
saving project of White Swan Hotel,Deng Wenyue said
that 'it’s not advisable to save energy for energy saving
only. Instead of taking energy saving as a stunt,being
immersed in immature new energy technologies,we needto stay down to earth and make analysis and wise choiceelectromechanical system design organized technicaland create energy saving system with investment feasibility

breakthrough team. They made full use of resourcesand operation applicability'.'Energy saving renovationof consultant teams and had systematic research on

must be combined with and adapted to operation. Energy

operation demands,restriction conditions and energy

saving renovation on the sacrifice of operation quality

saving objectives. After making comprehensive analysis

is not advisable. Energy saving renovation is not simple-397-

packing of energy saving equipment. To achievebusiness volume reduced from over 11% to less than 6%.

good overall energy saving effect,it’s a must to value

Additionally,energy saving project expanded the brandsystematicness,implement by steps instead of taking

influence of White Swan Hotel and provided models

random steps.

and demonstrations for traditional hotel energy saving

It’s required to value energy consumption measurement

renovation.

and monitoring,value cross-system energy conversion

Relevant directors of White Swan Hotel told the reporterand repetitive utilization of waste energy. It’s tough tothat they will continue to push forward the establishment

have energy saving renovation on old buildings. Theof energy saving and intelligence standards and design

restrictions are high and a lot of choices are made duringbusiness modes suitable for old-fashioned building energy

the promotion process. However,the leaders and projectsaving renovation to explore a new path for future groupteam of White Swan Hotel made it through.

brand development,diversified development of businesses

Energy saving and emission reduction project brought

and new profit growth path.

benefits to White Swan Hotel. The energy consumption(Pi Zehong,Ma Siyong,reporters from China Economic

costs saved after renovation reached over RMB 17

Herald).

million. The ratio of energy consumption cost in-398-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

CECEP Green Building Museum:
Building A Glamorous Energy Conservation Visiting Card for Hangzhou
Reprinted from Economic Guide

China's Energy Conservation Green Architecture
CECEP Green Building Museum

Conservation Visiting Card' for Hangzhou on the spot.

Build 'Hangzhou Model' for energy conservation,promote

In Hangzhou,as the benchmarking and demonstration in'Hangzhou Experience' of energy conservation

domestic architecture energy conservation field,CECEP

CECEP Green Building Museum is the demonstration

Green Building Museum firmly grabbed the attention

project of national architecture energy conservation andof all walks of life by the excellent advance of National

renewable energy source use,the demonstration project ofEnergy Conservation Publicity Week. In the past few

the first batch of renewable energy source of all provincial

days,reporters from China Economic Herald enteredand municipal levels of Zhejiang,the key project of

CECEP Green Building Museum and appreciated theHangzhou Municipal 'Ten Major Projects',and has

special elegant demeanor of the 'Glamorous Energy

passed the three-star rating of national green architecture-399-

design,the three-star rating of national green architecturesunshade ventilation jalousie system,energy regeneration

operation,therefore,it is the benchmarking of domestic

elevator system,rainwater collection,reclaimed water reuseadvanced green architecture.

system,intelligent control,subentry measuring system

CECEP Green Building Museum covers an area of 1,348

and others. The integrating and simultaneous use of thesesquare meters,with the overall floorage of 4,679 squaresystems makes the energy consumption per square meter

meters and the building height of 18.5 meters,integratingof CECEP Green Building Museum only 1/4 of that ofresearch and development,exhibition and technicalordinary architectures.

exchange in one. The main functions of the Museum

It now appears that the useful exploring and practice

are scientific research office,green architecture energyof CECEP Green Building Museum not only makes

conservation and environmental protection technology

important periodical advances for their own sustainable

and industry publicity and exhibition.

development,but also bears preliminary fruit with

Just at the arrival of reporters from China Economic

breakthrough and model significance in multiple fields

Herald at the gate of CECEP Green Building Museum,aand links.

distinguishing feature is found - the architecture leans an

For example,principle of the passive ventilation systemangle of 15 degrees southward in whole,building a self-

is to open the passive ventilation system in cool summer

shading system.

nights and transition seasons,and fresh air is brought

Such design is regarded as with unique ingenuity: thesolar altitude in summer is relatively higher,and theenvelop enclosure southward can obstruct excessive
solar radiation. the solar altitude in winter is relatively

in through semi-underground air flue into the room byvertical air flue,while air taking away heat indoors enters
the atrium which is then discharged to the outdoors by thedraft effect of the rooftop chimney. Thus will effectively

lower,thus heat can come indoors,and more natural light

reduce air conditioning load indoors,shorten the run

may be brought in from the north.

time of air conditioning unit so as to achieve energy

Reduce adverse impact of solar radiation,and

conservation. And shut down the passive ventilation

improve comfortable environment indoors. On thesystem when the temperature or humidity outdoors iswhole,Hangzhou is located in the zone of subtropicalrelatively higher,which can keep it cool indoors by themonsoon climate,with rainy climate in spring,damp

heat-shielding performance of the architecture.

and hot climate in summer,invigorating autumn and dry

For another example,environmental protection,rationaland cold climate in winter. According to such climatic

external envelope system. The north and south facade,roof

characteristics,CECEP Green Building Museum adoptsof CECEP Green Building Museum use titanium-

ten major systems including 'Architecture Self-shadingzinc panels,and the east and west facade use terracotta

System' so as to achieve the goal of ultralow-energy

panels,both being self-clean,recyclable and reusable.

conservation architecture,such as intelligentized out-

Architecture doors and windows adopt bridge-cutoff-400-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）heat insulation metal section multi-cavity hermetic

temperature cooling source and air conditioning terminal

window frame and high-transmittance low-e hollow

to remove sensible heat load indoors,and takes waterglass,which greatly reduce the window heat in summer

as the transport medium,with the transmission energy

but with little influence on heating load in winter. The

consumption only 1/10-1/5 of air transmission energy

window-wall ratio is 0.29 in the south facade,0.38 in the

consumption.

north facade,0.07 in the east facade and 0.1 in the west
facade of the architecture,and rational window-wall ratio
not only satisfies the lighting requirements inside theForm all-circle energy conservation resultant
force,deepen persistent energy conservation powerarchitecture,avoids adverse effect on people indoors by

The perfectness of system integration and thedazzle light brought by perpendicular incidence,but also

advancement of technological means in CECEP

avoids greater air conditioning load.

Green Building Museum endow it with important andAlso for another example,humiture independent control air

extensive demonstration in the energy conservation

conditioning system can meet personalized requirementsbuilding field. The completion and opening of CECEP

on heat humidity ratio in different rooms,which solves theGreen Building Museum bring it to the forefront ofproblem that ordinary air conditioning system is difficult

government sectors,specialists and scholars as well as

to satisfy humiture parameter simultaneously and avoids

the industry,who come to visit,investigate and survey

too high or too low humiture indoors.

in succession. According to incomplete statistics,theDuring the interview,reporters from China Economic

Museum has received over 3,000 batches of investigation

Herald felt that,the pleasantly cool sense in CECEP

groups accumulatively now,with nearly 100 thousand

Green Building Museum was not totally the sense

people.

brought by traditional air conditioning refrigeration. The

D u r i n g S h a n g h a i Wo r l d E x p o i n 2 0 1 0 , C C T V

air conditioning in CECEP Green Building Museum

I n t e r n a t i o n a l s p e c i a l l y e n t e r e d C h i n a ' s E n e rg y

is different from that at home - it neither consumes

Conservation Green Architecture CECEP Green Building

electricity,nor blows wind. Visitors can see the suspended

Museum to make a special report on advanced energy

ceiling rank like heating radiators and sinuous water

conservation and environmental protection technology ofpipes in the roof when looking up. Such is a series ofthe Museum to the world. Reuters and other international

ground-source heat pump system,and at the beginning

mainstream media have also made a mass of positiveof design,there are pipeline at the periphery of thecoverage on CECEP Green Building Museum.

architecture deep into 60 meters underground to draw

CECEP Green Building Museum is also a display

water at the temperature of about 18℃to form a water

platform and educational base for energy conservation

circulation system so as to lower the temperature indoors

and environment protection,which enjoys popularity

by the way of heat transfer. This system adopts highamong relevant enterprises as well as colleges and-401-universities and scientific research institutions. Chambers

CECEP Green Building Museum has become a gorgeousof commerce at home and abroad have organizedvisiting card of Hangzhou and even Zhejiang,which will

entrepreneurs to investigate and study over and overcontinuously give great impetus to ecological civilization

again to have learning exchange on energy conservation

construction and make new contribution in providing

building technology,including American Chamber ofmore superior ecological products to constantly meet

Commerce,Singapore Chamber of Commerce,Japanesepeople’s ever-increasing demands in beautiful ecological

Chamber of Commerce and representatives from theenvironment.

world's top five hundred enterprises. Moreover,visiting
groups from colleges and universities and scientificresearch institutions come to investigate and study in an
endless stream,including Tsinghua University,ZhejiangShow energy conservation undertaking of central
enterprises,make contribution in energy conservation by
central enterprises

University,Zhejiang University of Technology,Shanghai

CECEP Green Building Museum is the demonstrative

Research Institute of Building Sciences,Research Center

green architecture built by China Energy Conservation

for Eco-Environmental Sciences,China Academy of

Investment Corporation (hereinafter referred to as

Sciences and others.

'China Energy Conservation Group') in promoting

As an important domestic platform for energy

China’s architecture energy conservation work andconservation building technology demonstration andemphasizing harmonious co-existence between humaneducation,CECEP Green Building Museum plays

and nature,which is developed and operated by CECEP

the special demonstration and leading role in energy

Industry Development Co.,Ltd.

conservation building development.

China Energy Conservation Group is the only central

It is mentionable that Program Group of Everyone Have

enterprise with its main business in energy conservation

Something to Say of Hangzhou TV has entered Energy

and environment protection. As China’s largest energy

and Environment Industrial Park where CECEP Green

conservation and environment protection industrial

Building Museum is located,and taken CECEP Green

group with the most complete and professional

Building Museum as one of its experience stations for

system,the most extensive professional coverage,theHangzhou low-carbon lifestyle experiencing programs

most powerful comprehensive strength,influenceorganized by it to demonstrate the advanced green energy

and driving force in the energy conservation andconservation building to Hangzhou citizens. Citizens

environment protection field,China Energy Conservation

going to visit have all been marveled by the advanced

Group has formed '4+1' main business pattern withenergy conservation technology in CECEP Greenenergy conservation,environment protection,clean

Building Museum with pride.

energy,health and comprehensive energy conservation-402-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）and environment protection service as the main

Now,China Energy Conservation Group’s scale

contents,and is equipped with the comprehensive

and strength is leading domestic industrial energy

energy conservation and environment protection service

conservation,architecture energy conservation,solid

capabilities integrating planning consultation,R&D

waste treatment,flue gas treatment,heavy

and design,investment and development,equipment

metal governance,soil remediation,water

manufacturing,engineering construction and operations

treatment,photovoltaic power generation,new energy

management in one,which is the only large-scale energy

conservation and environment protection material andconservation and environment protection enterprise

other fields.

group capable of implementing comprehensive(Fu Qingxi,Reporters from China Economic Herald)

treatment,providing comprehensive environment service
for a drainage basin,a region,a city in China.

-403-

Sino-German Ecopark 'Passive House' Project
Goes in the Forefront of Sustainable Energy Conservation
Reprinted from Economic Guide

External View of Passive House Technique Center

Ministers of China and Germany,which opened a new era

Energy conservation enterprises are the most importantof passive house development in China.

main bodies in practicing energy conservation andemission reduction,circular using of resource. In recent

Preemptive Research High Spot Launchyears,Sino-German Ecopark sticks to the exploration

Passive ultralow energy conservation green architecture

in energy conservation building all along,takes energy

originated from Germany is also known as the passive

conservation and emission reduction,comprehensive

house,which is an energy conservation architecture

utilization of resources as the important means intechnology integrating high comfort level,ultralow energy

adjusting the economic structure,and has adopted

conservation,economical efficiency in one as recognizeda series of measures including intensifying target-by the world. It applies excellent thermal insulationo r i e n t e d r e s p o n s i b i l i t y, r e a d j u s t i n g i n d u s t r i a lproperties,air impermeability and high-efficiency fresh

structure,implementing priority projects,promoting

air heat recovery and other technologies,with the energy

advanced technical products and others to positively carryconservation rate up to over 90% as calculated accordingout energy conservation and emission reduction,which

to current architecture energy conservation standard,whichfurther strengthen its competitiveness and sustainablerealizes the living dream of more comfortable bodily

development capacity. On July 7,2014,Sino-German

sensations and fresher air while achieving energy

Ecopark Passive House project contract was signed in theconservation and environment protection.

Great Hall of the People in Beijing as witnessed by Prime

A s t h e f o r e r u n n e r i n C h i n a ’s p a s s i v e h o u s e-404-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）development,Sino-German Ecopark Passive House

Building Technology Integration and Demonstrative

Company completed the Technique Center project in

Project Research' and 'New Urban District Planning andAugust,2016 after great efforts for two years,which

Design Optimization Technique',and has been elected as

became the firstly completed project among the 6

the council member unit of Zero Energy Consumption

projects signed in 2014 as witnessed by Prime Ministers

Architecture Academic Committee of the Architecturalof China and Germany. After the commissioning of theSociety of China and the vice chairman member unit ofproject,experts from China and Germany conducted strict

Green Architecture and Near Zero Energy Consumption

detection and analysis on energy use condition,and madeArchitecture Specialized Committee of Shandong

targeted debugging according to the service condition ofArchitecture and Civil Engineering Society.

fresh air system so as to gradually reduce architectureenergy consumption. For example,the data comparison

Set Standards Lead Asia

on 2016~2017 heating season against 2017~2018 heating

Ecopark positively promotes the setting of China’s

season of Passive House Technique Center shows that:

passive house standards: the passive architecture technicalthe total energy consumption of the latter is 88,736.78

standard drafting working team of National Architecture

kWh less than the former,reducing carbon emission

E n e rg y C o n s e r v a t i o n S t a n d a r d i z a t i o n Te c h n i c a lof 30,170.44 kg. The project totally meets the design

Committee settled in the Park in 2017. Ministry ofobjective as measured,with its heating and refrigeration

Housing and Urban-Rural Development Passive Ultralowenergy consumption only 20% of that of similar ordinary

Energy Consumption Green Architecture (Residence Part)buildings. Consumption of primary energy will be saved

Technical Guide Rule,Shandong Province Engineering

for 1.3 million kWh every year,reducing carbon emission

Construction Standard of Passive Ultralow Energyof 664 tons. In June,2017,China’s largest passive house

Consumption Residential Architecture Technical Standard

demonstrative residence community - Sino-German Green

compiled by Sino-German Ecopark Passive House

Era started construction,with its overall floorage overCompany have been issued and implemented. now

130 thousand square meters,and consumption of primary

National Near Zero Energy Consumption Architectureenergy will be saved for about 10.43 million kWh every

Technical Standard and Shandong Passive Ultralow

year after establishment as measured,reducing carbon

Energy Consumption Green Architecture Technical Guide

emission of 3,200 tons.

(Public Building),Shandong Province Passive Ultralow

On the basis of demonstration practice,Ecopark devotes

Energy Consumption Architecture Energy Conservation

greater effort in research and development,and now,Sino-

Structure Map Collection,Shandong Province Ultralow

German Ecopark Passive House Company has undertaken

Energy Consumption Building Construction Technicalthe two national 13th Five-year Plans tasks of 'Public

Guide Rule and other standards are under compilation.

-405-

seven passive house patents by independent research anduse,energy production and energy storage,constructdevelopment have been approved. high-powered passive

passive house scientific research innovation basis,build

house household fresh air handling units with proprietary

passive house whole industry system,and explore theintellectual property rights have been put into production

new pattern of the development of passive architecture inin commission in the Park,which fill in gaps in this field

China.

in China.

Now,Ecopark has practiced multiple types of passive

In September,2016,Sino-German Ecopark initiatedtechnology solutions by technology research andand launched the 1st Session Asian Passive House

development,including school,office,residence,hotel,libra

Conference,with over 200 authoritative experts in thery and other buildings. In the future,Sino-German Ecopark

passive house field from China,Japan,South Korea,Germ

will also intensively develop a passive building with the

any,Austria,Italy,Finland and other countries all together

overall floorage of about 1.6 million square meters in theto discuss the latest scientific payoffs and development

Park,devoting to building China’s largest passive building

directions in the passive house field at home and abroad.

cluster.

In August,2017,the 2nd Session Asian Passive House

There are newly-erected buildings of about 2 billion

Conference was held in Japan,and Sino-German Ecopark

square meters in China every year,and the carbon dioxide

made the keynote speech as the initiator. The 3rd Session

emissions will reduce about 12 million tons every year if

Asian Passive House Conference will be held in South

20% of them are constructed by the standard of passive

Korea in 2018,and Ecopark will make a speech as thehouse as compared to China’s existing energy-saving

special guest again,continuing its leading position in Asia.

standard of 65%.

Promote Comprehensively Contribute to the Future
Sino-German Ecopark will set up an energy consumption
data collection and analysis center to promote theintegrated innovation development of 'Four Energies'
technologies of architecture energy conservation,energy-406-

It is foreseeable that passive house will make proactive
contribution to more comfortable life and more azure blue
for people.
(An Ran,Reporters from China Economic Herald).

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）'Green Joy City' Implemented Objectives Oriented "Whole Process
Energy Efficiency Management"—— Documentary of practice in innovating green development mode in commercial
complex construction by COFCO Real Estate
Reprinted from Economic Guide

Exterior of Chengdu Joy City
The yearly energy conservation rate is above 30%. it
saves energy cost for RMB 5 million/year as compared
to projects of the same scale. Meanwhile,owing to thesatisfaction,but also directly saves about RMB 12
million of investment cost at the design stage.
The energy-saving effect of Joy City in Chengdu
Municipality,Sichuan Province mentioned above
benefits from the innovative green development mode

implementation of such green development mode,theof 'whole process energy efficiency management byproject not only insures the comfort level of indoor

objectives' by such project’s developer- COFCO Realenvironment and great improvement in customer

Estate business.

-407-

Energy Conservation is Embodied Everywhere
Reporters from China Economic Herald has found that
there is a dedicated through channel for cars to Joy
City parking lot as detached from the main street line
to Joy City Shopping Mall when driving to Chengdu
Joy City,and the parking lot with 2 thousand stalls is
equipped with charging facilities for new energy electricvehicles. When reporters entering the shopping center,its
grand and spotless shopping environment makes people
feel comfortable. There are over 4 hundred shops in the
shopping mall,covering delicious food,cinema,clothing
and shoes,leisure and entertainment,mother and baby
products,beauty makeup,accessories and household
supplies.
When reporters going up to the spacious roof of Joy
City,the landscaping design style here leaps to theeyes,with the green plants on the roof greatly reducing
energy consumption,and the meticulous and scientificprovides timely information feedback and energy data
analysis,achieving planned use of energy.

Success owing to sustainable exploratory development
Commercial architecture is a high-density energy
consumption field,and according to investigation,energy
waste in commercial architecture is still in a severe
situation in China,with more energy-saving potential left.
COFCO pays constant attention to energy-saving
operation and green property management,continually
explores and studies the solution to 'too high energy
consumption,too low energy efficiency' of commercial
architecture,accumulates and gropes the innovative green
development mode of 'whole process energy efficiency
management by objectives' through development andoperation management experience of multiple projects
since it entered the development and operation field ofcommercial complex in 2007.
'Whole process energy efficiency management by

design brings best energy conservation experience.

objectives' is an innovative green development mode

Chengdu Joy City covers a floor area of 308 thousandcomprehensively taking the project’s initial cost,integral

square meters,and air conditioning area of 113 thousandd e v e l o p m e n t p r o g r e s s , a c t u a l o p e r a t i o n e n e rg ysquare meters (including Joy Street),and as to the wholeconsumption and energy efficiency into consideration. In

design concept,it adopts scientific energy conservation2013,COFCO Real Estate identified Chengdu Joy Cityand environment protection automatic system. To beas the demonstration project of public-building 'whole

specific,in terms of electromechanical equipment energy

process energy efficiency management by objectives',setconservation,Joy City adopts teletransmission to collectclear energy efficiency objectives during the first threeterminal utilities data,achieving real time monitoring

years since opening. afterwards,energy conservation

on energy conservation. adopts full-automatic air

control objectives and corresponding measures form

conditioning system air handler frequency conversion

effective delivery among different links by managementmode,achieving intelligent adjustment. adopts real time

technology measures throughout all phases ofdata monitoring on energy management system anddesign,construction and operation. Since its opening-408-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）in December,2015,the project has achieved the energy

3 categories and 15 subgoals,which were thus taken as

efficiency objectives during the first three years sinceeffective management means to make the construction

opening that 'yearly energy efficiency ranking top 10%

goals of each subsystem in the energy system morein the industry','yearly power saving rate reaching above

explicit. This innovative measure has successfully solved

30%' a year in advance as evaluated by Building Energy

the problem under traditional development mode that

Conservation Research Center,Tsinghua University,with'there is no explicit energy-conservation control goal,andthe energy cost saved for RMB 5 million every year as

no actual focus on reduction of energy consumption,but

compared to projects of the same scale. Meanwhile,owing

only focus on the simple gathering of energy-

to the implementation of such green development

conservation technology during the design phase'.

mode,the project not only insures the comfort level of

The work pattern transforms from 'each railway

indoor environment and great improvement in customer

policeman is responsible for only one section,withsatisfaction,but also directly saves about RMB 12 million

nobody responsible for energy efficiency quality' toof initial investment cost at the design stage. It provides'product manager responsibility system. The projecta new exercisable mode for green construction andmainly experiences planning and design phase,site

operation of China’s commercial complex.

operation phase,estate operation phase from project

Innovative practice of 'three transformations'approval to service. Under traditional development mode,design,construction,operation and other links are

Chengdu Joy City Project has achieved design in advance

conducted independently and separately,leading to theof project development in the transformation fromfailure of the effective delivery of energy conservation'calculating how much energy consumption will costgoal to the next phase,with the energy conservation

after project completion' to 'setting energy conservation

work only staying on the blueprint. However,this projecttarget first and then constructing the project according tomodifies organizational structure,and introduces 'productthe target',and during the project design phase,the project

manager' thought of internet enterprises into real estateteam constructed DeST (a software platform simulated bydevelopment for the first time: Design Department takesarchitecture environment and HVAC system) architecture

the role of energy system 'product manager' to coordinate

energy consumption model to simulate hour-by-hour

the work of design,construction,operation and other links

energy consumption of 8,760 hours a year,and continuallyand is responsible for its ultimate energy conservation

improved design scheme by simulation analysis means

goal while completing planning and design work in hand.

to explore the best energy efficiency and the lowest

According to the on-spot record,91 big questions haveenergy-consumption index as achievable which was

been found and solved just in the sublink of 'construction

then identified as the ultimate energy conservation goal.

quality inspection' only,which has greatly reduced the

meanwhile,the energy conservation goal was split intorisk of too high energy conservation due to construction-409-

d e f i c i e n c y a n d h a s l a i d g o o d b a s i s f o r e n e rg y'the problem that the development team wants to achieveconservation operation.

energy conservation by technological means,but key

Transform from 'ensuring the usability of the energy

technical matters in design,construction and operation

system only based on previous technical measures' toare muddleheaded and technological difficulties have no'ensuring the efficiency of energy system by researchingbasis' under traditional mode to a great extent.

and developing a set of complete technical measures

During the interview,the relevant person in charge

to conduct multilayer protection'. It is inevitable thatof COFCO Real Estate said that,reports of the 19thhigh-standard energy conservation goal calls for the

National Congress of the Communist Party of China

support of high-level technical support measures,whichclearly proposes to accelerate structural reform inalso puts forward higher requirements to the technicalecological civilization,construct Beautiful China,which

capacities of COFCO team as well as design

has pointed out the direction and provided basic

consultants,construction organizations,manufacturers

abidance for China’s energy conservation work.

and various other partners. Reporters from China

In the future,COFCO Real Estate will continue

Economic Herald have learned in the interview that,in

implementing five concepts for development,takethis project,the team has completed the research andenergy conservation and emission reduction,green anddevelopment of a set of technical measures of wholeenvironmental protection,comprehensive utilization

process energy efficiency management by objectivesof resources as important measures to improve quality

throughout design,construction,operation and various

and efficiency,continually innovate technologicalother phases,including 'typical working conditionmeans,deepen the implementation of 'whole process

comprehensive COP (Coefficient of Performance)energy efficiency management by objectives'energy system argumentation method' in the designmode,promote the coordinated development of urban

phase,'3 important items,47 digitized quality inspection

construction and environmental protection as always toand debugging technical standards' in the construction

achieve mutualistic symbiosis and win-win results inphase,'high-efficiency energy system platform andenterprise competitiveness and sustainable development

technical standards' in the operation phase and othercapacity.

contents to guide project construction,which solves(Li Pinggui,Reporters from China Economic Herald)-410-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Green Parks Can Realize the Energy Saving Effectby Following Certain Mode
Reprinted from Economic Guide

According to statistics,the public building areas coversimilar energy types and usage modes and thus the green

less than 30% of that of gross floor areas but consume

energy saving experience of the park can be promoted andaround 60% of total energy consumption of buildings.

copied.

Having effective energy-saving management on publicbuilding areas is an important way to control the growthin building energy consumption.

Green energy saving projects can be built based on theactual service conditions of energy

With gross floor area of over 72,000 square meters,theChen Hui,deputy head of Operation Guarantee Departmentpark,namely,China Key System Co.,Ltd. Lihu Park,aof CKS told the reporter from China Economic Herald

subsidiary of CETC (hereinafter referred to as 'CKS

that CKS Lihu Park mainly used electrical energy and

Lihu Park') is situated inside of National Integrated

consumed power of 4.688 million kwh in total in 2017,of

Circuit Design Center located in No. 777,Jianzao Westwhich,central air conditioner (refrigerator,water pumpRoad,Binhu District,Wuxi,Jiangsu. To reduce energy

and draught fan) consumed over 35% of power,offices

consumption,the park built projects such as rooftop

consumed around 35% of power,production consumed

distributed photovoltaic power station and put them into

20% and other devices consumed 10%. The natural gas

operation. By doing so,it saved around 1.1 million kwh

used throughout the year was 201,400 cubic meters forof electricity with comprehensive energy saving rateheating in winter and staff canteen.

reaching 20%.

According to Chen Hui,from the actual service conditions

The reporter from China Economic Herald learned fromof energy and in combination with the technical expertisethe interview that China has many similar parks withand industrial development plan of the unit,the park-411-

mainly focused on the following two aspects in green

sensors are added to the lighting of public areas such asenergy saving projects: firstly,as power consumption

elevator lobby during operation to further lower poweroccupied over 80% of total energy consumption andconsumption. In this way,the LED lighting can savecentral air-conditioners were major consumers of

power of 360,000 kwh compared with common energy

power,the power energy saving and air conditioner

saving lights throughout a year.

energy saving were our priority. Secondly,based on IoT'We also installed distributed photovoltaic power station

technology,management modes and philosophies werecovering an area of 4,250 square meters with installed

innovated through green energy saving projects.

capacity of 419 KW on the roof of all buildings in theGreen energy saving projects were carried out throughsix measurespark,' says Chen Hui. The project has been connected
to grid and generated power since December 29,2016.
According to Chen Hui,99% of the power generated

The reporter from China Economic Herald learned thatby the project is for self-use and contract-based energy

CKS Lihu Park saved around 1.1 million kwh of power

management mode is applied. Electric charges are paid

every year with comprehensive energy saving rate

to investors on a monthly basis according to certain

reaching 20%. Are you wondering how they manage it?

discounts of market price,based on consumed power ofLet’s find it out after visiting the park with Chen Hui.

photovoltaic power station every month. In 2017,the'Building B1 is the main building of the park. We

electricity costs saved were RMB 128,300. The power

installed 1 set of solar water heating system on the roof

generation and operation data of the power station arefor supplying hot water for B1 building',says Chensubject to online monitoring and statistics of third-party

Hui. Each vacuum tube produces 7.5 liters of hot water

platform.

and daily hot water amount produced can reach 19.5

Air conditioner energy saving has been the priority intons,which solved the hot water issue for employees

the energy saving reconstruction of public buildings inliving in B1 building when the sunlight is sufficient in

China. Within CKS Lihu Park,central air conditioner

winter.

system has 20 water pumps with total power of 1,170'In terms of green lighting,LED lighting is applied

KW,one in service and one standby. 'To better realize

for building decoration in the park with usage rate of

air conditioner energy saving,we mainly transformed

100%',explains Chen Hui. Over 13,000 LED lights of all

the water pump frequency conversion of central air

types are used in the park with total power of 200KW.

conditioner,' explains Chen Hui. 'The project had been

Compared with common energy saving lights,LED lights

completed in December 2016 with system energy saving

can save over 60% of energy. It’s worth mentioning

rate reaching 25% after over one year of actual use. The

that these LED lights are all products independently

actual power saved annually is over 150,000 kwh,' adds

produced by CKS. On the basis of LED lighting,bodyChen Hui.

-412-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

Meanwhile,power demand side management platform
consisting of main station layer,communication
layer,collection layer has been constructed in the
project. The collection layer of the park has a total of 80
collection points distributed in building group of B1 - B6
to realize the full coverage of power settlement points
and targeted monitoring over key energy consumption
line. The platform was put into operation in May,2017.
According to Chen Hui,'several energy consumption
vulnerable links have been found since the operationof platform with 6 energy saving diagnosis provided
including transformer load rate,transformer harmonic
wave status,power factor,three imbalances and abnormal
power consumption at night,which provided basic data
for energy management.''In addition,we developed cloud platform forcomprehensive management,' Chen Hui told thereporter from China Economic Herald. By virtue ofsensing technology,cloud computing technology,bigdata technology,heterogeneous network integrationt e c h n o l o g y, n e t w o r k t r a n s m i s s i o n e n c r y p t i o nunit and put into use in December 2017.

The green energy saving project construction of thepark can be promoted and copied.
After learning about the series of technologies,areyou more curious about the amount of energy saving
benefits brought by the above efforts? Chen Hui told
the reporter of China Economic Herald that the projectproduces significant direct energy saving effects.
LED lighting saves power consumption of 360,000
kwh every year compared with common lighting. The
photovoltaic power station generates power of 470,000
kwh and the water pump frequency conversion saves
power of over 150,000 kwh every year. The power
demand side and comprehensive cloud management
platform bring direct energy saving benefits of over
100,000 kwh and greatly reduce labor costs.
In terms of environment benefits,the green energy
saving project of the park continuously reduces
power consumption by around 1.1 million kwh every
year,equivalent to the saving of 135 tons (calorifictechnology,the cloud platform integrates all application

value in theory) or 440 tons (coal consumption for

sub-systems,data resources,network resources

thermal power generation) of coal equivalent according

into unified information portal. Through analysis

to relevant standards. Meanwhile,it cuts carbon dioxide

and treatment of all kinds of data,more senior

emission by 1,096 tons,carbon dusts by 299 tons,sulfur

application scenarios are provided to realize linkage

dioxide by 33 tons,nitric oxide by 16 tons.

management and control among sub-systems,thereby

C e r t a i n l y, i n a d d i t i o n t o d i r e c t e n e rg y s a v i n g

a c h i e v i n g e ff i c i e n t a n d s c i e n t i f i c c o n c e n t r a t e dbenefits,the project realized indirect management

management,lowering operation cost and enhancing

efficiency. According to Chen Hui,'the underlying

management level. It’s known that the platform wasrole of the project is to achieve delicacy management

completed independently by IoT technical team of theflow,enhance management efficiency,guarantee energy-413-

safety,eliminate management dead zone,optimize thenormal scientific research and office work.

effect of scheduling mechanism,thereby contributing

Meanwhile,Chen Hui held that the project investment

to the establishment of a set of long-effective energy-

features low investment threshold and can adopt contract-saving management mechanism through power

based energy management mode to reduce capitaldemand side platform and comprehensive management

pressure on owners. Overall,with the investment recovery

platform.'

period of around 4 years,it’s a good investment project.

According to Chen Hui,there are many development

The cloud platform for comprehensive management,according

zones and innovation parks similar to CKS Lihu

to Chen Hui,is highly targeted and practical for energy saving

Park in China with similar energy types and usage

management and property management of the park. CETC ismodes,which make it possible for the technologies tostriving to expand market in this field and make more parks

be promoted and copied. With matured technologies

green with better technologies and services so as to contributesuch as LED lighting,rooftop photovoltaic power

to the building of beautiful China.

station,water pump frequency conversion,power(Bai Xue,reporter from China Economic Herald).

monitoring,the construction will basically not affect-414-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）Expert Perspectives

Vigorously Deepen Multilateral Cooperation to Jointly Promote
Energy Efficiency Improvement
Shaoshan Xu

Energy efficiency improvement is an important guarantee

improvement is not only the prioritized source to meet

to meet the growing demand of energy for global

the growth of energy demand,but also the inevitablemodernization,the practice and innovation to promoterequirement of global high-quality development. It is

the harmonious coexistence of mankind and nature,and

estimated that the global power consumption will increase

an important prerequisite for the goal of tackling climate

by 60% by 2030,part of the energy consumption is causedchange. At present,the global energy consumption isby applications of electrical appliances,lighting and othermainly concentrated in the fields of industry,building

devices that improve the quality and comfort of life. The

and transportation. With the acceleration of global

consequent increasing of energy consumption will bringmodernization,if the demand of energy relies onchallenges to all governments. Therefore,it is an importantthe development of the original raw resources,bothtask to deeply tap energy saving potential to improveenergy security and ecological environment capacity

energy efficiency,and promote the optimization of global

will be under tremendous pressure. Energy efficiency

energy efficient technologies.

-415-

From 2013 to 2019,the energy consumption per unit of,actively coordinates the formulation and release of the

GDP has dropped by 24.6% in China,the accumulated

international TOP TENs lists,and highlights the great

energy saving equivalents to 1.27 billion tons ofimportance on energy conservation and energy efficiency

standard coal,which is closed to the current annual

improvement in membership countries. The corresponding

energy consumption of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

promotion events conducted have further enhanced theand Yangtze River Delta. China has an average annual

influence and importance of TOP TENs in domestic andenergy consumption growth of 2.7% to support theabroad.

average annual economic growth of 7%,which provides

As the technical supporting organization,China Quality

strong support for the sustained and healthy economic

Certification Centre also undertakes the role of China’s

development. As one of the countries with the fastest

secretariat of TOP TENs. In order to strengthen the

reduction in energy intensity in the world,energy

influence of TOP TENs in China,it was adopted as one

conserved by China accounts for about half of theof the key promotion elements in the promotion agenda

global energy saving in the same period,which playsof the National Energy Conservation Week held in the

an important role in promoting the global sustainable

consecutive year of 2019 and 2020. Furthermore,thedevelopment.

promotion events of releasing special reports,opening

In addition,under the framework of the International

official WeChat account,applying for certification andP a r t n e r s h i p f o r E n e rg y E ff i c i e n c y C o o p e r a t i o nothers were conducted to share experience and improve(IPEEC),China took the lead in establishing theenergy efficiency.

cooperation mechanism of "Top Ten Energy Efficiency

In the future,TOP TENs will continue to play the role ofBest Available Technologies (BATs) and Best Practices

promoting bilateral and multilateral exchange and docking(BPs)". The National Development and Reformof energy efficient technologies,and build a broader

Commission (NDRC),as the focal point of China to"bringing in" and "going out" platform.

promote the international energy efficiency cooperation-416-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）Expert Perspectives

Application of Energy Efficient Technologies and Practices
is the Vital Measure to Realize Energy Efficiency Improvement
Jointly written by METI/ANRE and ECCJ

Recently breakthrough in environmental technology andeffective and efficient promotion of energy efficiency &investment are being sought around the world to reach theconservation, it is desirable to strengthen international

goals of the Paris Agreement. In the future, it is expected

cooperation activities in this field more than ever before.

that the movement toward the realization of innovativetechnologies and zero emissions will be accelerated

Japan’s Final Energy Consumption

worldwide. In order to achieve this, it is expected thatIn the 1970s, Japan has experienced the oil crises

further strengthening of efforts in each field such as

and not only its industries but also the other sectors

energy efficiency & conservation, renewable energy, andincluding commercial, residential, and transportationenergy storage will be required. Particularly, expectations

etc. have suffered from soaring energy prices. However,for promoting energy efficiency are becoming higher thansubsequently, the Japanese government and industries

before in terms of improvement of efficient use of energy

have united their efforts to promote energy management

in a sustainable manner. Since closer information sharing

activities while they sought rationalized production at theamong a wider range of stakeholders is important for thesame time. They worked hard toward developing energy-417-Source: METI/ANRE

efficient technologies and devices, systems with highefficiency in the use of energies. As a result of thoseefforts, Japan’s GDP has grown to become 2.6 times
larger than that of 1973. On the other hand, due to therobust efforts of public and private sectors as well,
the amount of energy consumption has been reduced
to become less than 2.6 times i.e.1.2 times larger thanthat of 1973. However, if we see the picture in more

The measures Japan took to improve energy efficiency
Regarding energy efficiency improvement towards 2030,
the Long-Term Energy Supply and Demand Outlook
2015 aims to achieve 50.3 million kl crude oil equivalent
reduction of energy consumption, which requires further
35% efficiency improvement from 2013 to 2030. In orderto achieve this target, Japan will take various measures ineach sector.

detailed manner, there are different stories in terms ofFor example, Japan has introduced the Top Runnerrespective sectors. Performance of the industrial sector

program which requires manufacturers and importers to

was relatively good i.e. their energy consumption level

improve energy efficiency of appliances and materials

became 0.8 times larger than that of 1973, while thetowards the most efficient level, including labellingothers were not quite similar e.g. commercial sector 2.1

program for influencing the consumer behavior. Currently,

times, residential sector 1.9 times and transportation

the program covers 32 items and through this approach,sector 1.7 times, respectively. Therefore, it is reasonably

Japan has promoted energy efficiency intensively. Rather

said that there is still some room for improvement inthan reducing energy consumption, utilizing energy inenergy saving in those sectors from now on.

more efficient manner is a key to achieve both energy-418-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）efficiency and economic activities. In addition, under the

method, autonomous small group activities in various

Top Runner Program, Japan has set the Fuel Economy

sites at various business entities, application of advanced

Standards, and last year, Japan revised it for passenger

technology, process of know-how creation, etc. The cost-

vehicles including Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Plug-effectiveness was so high, including the sales promotionin Hybrid Vehicles (PHVs) starting in model year 2030.

effect of using its logo and the educational effect of the

In order to assess fuel efficiency of these newly-added

presentation competition that it could successfully makeelectric vehicles together with combustion vehicles, thecontinuous contributions for 45 years.

Well-to-Wheel concept has been introduced. Furthermore,

Based upon those findings, if we think about theJapan has been implementing financial supporting

possible contribution of TOP TENs to energy efficiency

mechanisms for investment in highly efficient production

improvement in Japan, we must consider the difference inequipment in the industrial sector, renewal of energy

the countries and information involved in both systems.

efficiency equipment in the entire factory and business

TOP TENs could help promote energy efficiency-oriented

buildings, and support for net Zero Energy Houses (ZEH)

work more widely than the Award. If TOP TENs works

and net Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB) demonstration

well enough, not only it gains more quantitative benefits

projects in the residential and commercial building

in energy conservation than that of the Award, but also it

sectors.

helps upgrade production methods in industry, develop

The contribution of TOP TENS to energy efficiency
improvement in Japan
In order to estimate the impact of the TOP TENs, let's
first consider the effect of the Energy Conservation Grand
Prize Award (hereinafter ‘the Award”) system in Japanon energy conservation activities in Japan as a whole.

new standards when introducing new technologies,
contribute to human resource development and raise social
awareness, etc. on a larger scale and more extensively
under international cooperation.

Significance of the TOP TENS and further expectations
for the TOP TENs in the future

Quantitatively, for example, 39 cases were selected in

The significance of the TOP TENS task group is that by

the Award of 2019. The energy saving effect of them,utilizing the status of the G20 EELP, it will be possible toincluding the spillover effect, is about 100,000 tons

continue to lead the world in the energy saving sector asof oil equivalent per year. This accounts for 0.04 % of

an international energy saving award system. In the future,

Japan's final energy consumption. On the other hand, its

if the coverage can be expanded to include renewablequalitative significance is that the best practice databaseenergy, energy storage, etc., while still focusing on energyof the Award was supposed to be a treasure trove ofsaving, it is thought to be more influential. In addition,energy related information such as energy management

we will learn from successful examples from around-419-

Source: METI/ANRE
the world (Japan / Energy Conservation Grand Prizedevelop robust promotion and dissemination activities toAward, ASEAN / ASEAN Energy Award, CEM / Energy

enhance the capacity building in the member countries

Management Leadership Awards, etc.) and build more

and improve the social awareness of energy efficiency &sustainable systems. By doing so, it will be possible toconservation.

make continuous contributions to the world.
In future activities, it is expected that more countries
could cooperate within the TOP TENs task group and-420-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）Expert Perspectives

Scale up Energy Efficiency Investments:
U.S. Top Tens Energy Efficient Technologies
Andrea Mott, Meredydd Evans, Sha Yu, Aaron Staniszewski, Artur Denysenko, Lindsay Parker

Energy efficient technologies have significant potential

energy costs,emissions,and even improve the quality andto drive down current building energy consumption andpublic health of buildings. Energy efficiency investments

mitigate future growth in demand,without sacrificing

and savings can also create direct jobs in installingcurrent building comfort. The building sector accounts

technologies or indirect jobs further upstream the supply

for 40% of the United States energy consumption,while

chain,or even more broadly across industry as energy bills

g l o b a l l y i t w a s a b o u t o n e - t h i r d [ 1 , 2 ] , Wi d e s p r e a d

are reduced. Energy savings overall can help drive growth

implementation of energy efficient buildings can reducein the economy[3].

Notes：[1]EIA,2017d. FAQ: How much energy is consumed in U.S. residential and commercial buildings?,U.S. Energy Information
Administration. Retrieved from https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=86&t=1 (Accessed August 29,2017).
[2]IEA,2013. Transition to Sustainable Buildings: Strategies and Opportunities to 2050,International Energy Agency. Retrieved from http://
www.iea.org/Textbase/npsum/building2013SUM.pdf.
[3]Nadel,S.,Elliott,N.,& Langer,T. (2015). Energy Efficiency in the United States: 35 Years and Counting.
ACEEE Report,June. https://www.aceee.org/research-report/e1502.

-421-

Buildings can reduce energy use through energyof the U.S. Department of Energy developed the report

efficiency measures. U.S. residential and commercial“Best Available Technologies in the U.S. Buildings

buildings could decrease their energy consumption

Sector”,which identifies Top Ten building technologies forby half just by using commercially available energy

the U.S.’s commercial and residential building sectors,andefficient technologies[4]. Moreover,in countries withdetails how they were chosen[5]. The buildings sector is

rapidly developing economies,where improvements ina strategic choice for the U.S. because of the strength ofliving standards will spur higher energy demand,thetheir technology and innovation in the building efficiency

use of these products can help mitigate the increase insector,and because the extensive built environment in theenergy consumption.

U.S. presents broad opportunity for realizing economic

The Top Tens Task Group is a global collaborativeand energy security benefits through energy efficiency

project to identify,evaluate,and disseminate the best

retrofits,as well as investment opportunity for new builds.

available energy efficient technologies and practices

The list of potential technologies covered a broad range

in use today and to accelerate the widespreadin both residential and commercial buildings,including

application of technological innovations worldwide.

sensors and controls,lighting,HVAC,and windows and

The countries in the Task Group worked together toenvelope. The scope of the building technologies wascreate a framework methodology that would allow

limited to exclude renewable energy and plug loadeach country to create a domestic list of energy

appliances.

efficient technologies and/or practices for a given

The Top Ten technologies were assessed through a robust

sector,with the goal of broadening awareness byprocess,including literature review,initial screening,expert

promoting it to businesses,policymakers,energy

consultation,and technical and modeling analyses ofprogram administrators,and other targeted stakeholders.

financial viability,energy savings potential,and economic

The Task Groups then identified leading energy

characteristics,and then selected by applying a Top Tens

savings technology solutions that are commercially

Scoring Methodology. The list can be found on pages 316

available,widely deployable,scalable,and have an

to 321.

innovative component.

These Top Ten technologies can achieve significant energy

F o l l o w i n g t h e f r a m e w o r k e s t a b l i s h e d b y Ta s ksavings across commercial and residential buildings inGroup,the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

the United States,driving down current building energy

Notes：[4]BTO,2015. Quadrennial Technology Review; Chapter 5: Increasing Efficiency of Building Systems and Technologies Supplemental
Information,U.S. Department of Energy. Building Technologies Office.
[5]Staniszewski,A.,Denysenko,A.,Evans,M.,Parker,L.,& Yu,S. (2018). Best Available Technologies in the
U.S. Buildings Sector. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,Richland,WA.

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Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）consumption and mitigating future growth in demand

showcasing the best available technologies,international

without sacrificing comfort. Energy consumers,program

collaboration on Top Tens can drive the market foradministrators,developers,designers,and policymakers canmore efficient building technologies and help improve

use this list to consider the benefits of these technologies

the stringency of building energy codes and applianceand invest in a more energy efficient future. While thisstandards over time. Buildings and communities will

study considers U.S. building sectors exclusively,thebecome more energy efficient and more resilient.

technologies have global applicability and could achieve

Combining the joint efforts of the member countries,thelarge savings beyond the U.S. Market.

Top Tens initiative has the potential to transform the

The Top Ten technologies have larger implications thanmarket to adapt greener and more cost-saving practices.

just reducing energy. By identifying,promoting,and-423-

Promotion Events of TOP TENs

Promotion Events of TOP TENs
CQC, ECCJ, PNNLThe development and release of the international TOP

platform to promote the 'going out'and 'bringing in' of

TENs Lists highlights the priority given by the member

energy efficient technologies has been established. On thestates to energy conservation and energy efficiency

domestic level, the member countries carry out various

improvement, and the influence and significance ofpromotion events to facilitate the spread and application

TOP TENs has been further enhanced by the promotionof energy efficient technologies and practices in the key

events. On the international level, relying on theenergy-using sectors. Among the member countries, theG20 side events, BRICS Energy Efficiency Working

promotion events carried out by China, Japan and the U.S.

Group Meeting, China-U.S. Energy Efficiency Forum,

are the most representative and fruitful.

China-Japan Comprehensive Forum on Energy Saving
and Environment Protection, China-Russia Energy

I.China

Efficiency Working Group Meeting and other bilateral

1.Facilitate energy conservation and energy efficiency

and multilateral cooperative mechanism, the exchange

improvement by holding TOP TENs promotion eventsand docking of the energy efficient technologies hasin the occasion of the National Energy Conservation

been facilitated vigorously, and the corresponding

Week

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Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

In order to increase the influence of TOP TENs andreport the energy efficient technologies and practices,

encourage the applicants to continue to innovate,

and shared part of the excellent cases and experience

research and develop, apply and promote advancedo n h o w t o c o n s e r v e e n e rg y a n d r e d u c e e n e rg yenergy efficient technologies and practices, TOP TENs

consumption.

was adopted as one of the key promotion elements in the

3.Enhance energy efficiency by certification

promotion agenda of the National Energy Conservation

Upon the recommendation of TOP TENs technicalWeek held in the year of 2019 and 2020. In 2019, at the

supporting institution and the strict assessment by

opening ceremony of the National Energy Conservation

the nearly-zero energy buildings(NZEB) certification

Week, the applicants of the enlisted in the international

agencies, one of the TOP TENs energy efficient

TOP TENs lists were awarded. Officials from thepractices 'Passive House Technology Center of Sino-

National Development and Reform Commission, theGerman Ecopark' obtained the first batch of NZEBMinistry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development,

certificate in 2019, which fully demonstrated thethe Ministry of Ecology and Environment and China

advantages of the selected TOP TENs energy efficientCertification and Inspection Group gave the attendance

practice in terms of building comprehensive energy-

to the ceremony to witness the moment of glory. In

saving rate, renewable energy utilization rate and other

2020, cloud promotion was adopted and the National

indexes, and provided reference for improving building

Development and Reform Commission set up TOP TENs

energy efficiency level and promoting the healthy andspecial column on its official website to demonstrateorderly development of NZEB.

the technical advantages, management concept and

4.Register a WeChat official account to strengthen

achievements of TOP TENs and its role to promote

we-media promotionenergy conservation and energy efficiency improvement,

TOP TENs WeChat official account was registered toso as to assist the applicants to explore market in thetimely release its cooperation progress, achievements,

context of COVID-19.

excellent practices and experience. The we-media

2. Release special reports to share experience

promotion was strengthened to provide special publicity

To further summarize and promote the good practice

network platform for TOP TENs.

and experience in the process of realizing energy
conservation and energy consumption reduction, play

II. Japan

a exemplary role in driving more sectors to tap the

1. Participate in energy & environment related

energy conservation potential, and promote high-quality

forum to contribute to the international cooperation

development, the National Development and Reformin energy efficiency and conservation field

Commission organized the China Economic Herald to

ECCJ has been taking an active part in energy and-425-

environment related forums, such as ENEX (Energy

the 2nd batch of TOP TENs and the significance of theand Environment Exhibition) held in 2020, to exhibit

total system.

TOP TENs lists and introduce the economic benefitsof TOP TENs in energy efficiency and conservation

III. U.S.

improvement.

1. Held workshops to promote energy efficient

2. Enhance regional visibility and cooperation

technologies

ECCJ has been cooperating with ASEAN in

The U.S. Department of Energy, the Pacific Northwest

improvement of ASEAN Energy Awards system in

National Laboratory, and the Clean Energy Solutions

various fields. In this context, ECCJ made aware

Center held workshops to provide an overview of energy

of TOP TENs activities in terms of its objectives,

efficient building technologies and share case studies

systems, procedures and achievements at a workshop

to elaborate the innovation, reliability, replicability, andheld in Japan in 2016. ASEAN showed its interest andinvestment benefits of these technologies. Meanwhile,

expectation of participating TOP TENs in the future.

the wide resource network of the Clean Energy Solutions

3. Make steady efforts to disseminate energy

Center was utilized to share and promote the best energy

efficiency and conservations awareness throughefficient technologies and case studies.

publications, newspapers etc. related to the TOP

2. Organized technical discussions to facilitate

TENs

technology upgrade

TOP TENs could raise the hottest topics for discussion

The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory organizedin the field of energy efficiency and conservation. At theseveral technical discussions and invited the government,same time, it points out practical improvement measures.

research institutions, and businesses to discuss energy

With the guidance of the government sectors, the support

saving potential and implementation measures in thefrom the technical institutions and positive attitude ofbuildings sector as well as policies and programs that

corporations in Japan, TOP TENs enjoys increasing

can further facilitate technology deployment and market

popularity in Japan. ECCJ carried out in-depth reports

transformation. Specifically, the TOP TENs energy

featured in Japanese Smart Energy Products andefficient technologies were discussed with experts,

Technologies 2020 which has been edited continuously

including the advantages and energy savings potential

in Japan as a kind of public and private cooperation workof existing technologies and the trends of technology

in Japan. Electric Daily News, one of Japan’s leading

development in the buildings sector.

newspaper in energy and electricity related sector, wrote

3. Shared TOP TENs technologies with China Green

about the presentation made in G20 official side event

Buildings Study Tour Group

held by Japan in 2019 in terms of what was selected as

The U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA)-426-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）hosted a China Green Buildings Study Tour, which

technologies with the study tour group during the Chinabrought public and private energy sector officials fromGreen Buildings Business Briefing organized by the

China and the U.S. to share best practices in clean energy

USTDA and discussed how these technologies can be

development. The U.S. Department of Energy and theused to promote energy efficiency in buildings.

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory shared TOP TENs

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Appendix:
G20 Energy Efficiency Leading Programme(G20 EELP)
G20 Energy Efficiency Leading Programme
Edited by Nan Hu, Ying Zhang, Yingjin Jiang

Executive Summary

The G20 Energy Efficiency Action Plan (EEAP) adopted

Energy efficiency,including energy conservation,is ain 2014 is a practical plan to strengthen voluntary energy

long-term priority for G20,as it constitutes the optimum

efficiency collaboration in a flexible way. It allows

utilisation of energy resources. G20 members agree

countries to share knowledge,experiences and resourcesthat increased collaboration on energy efficiency canby choosing,on an opt-in basis,theactivities that best

drive economic activity and productivity,strengthen

reflect their domestic prioritiesand interests.

energy security and improve environmental outcomes.

In recognition of this,G20 members adopt the G20 Energy

As consumers of over 80% of global energy,G20

Efficiency Leading Programme (EELP),which provides

members can play a significant role in access to energy

the basis for the comprehensive,flexible,and adequately-

by continuously improving their energy efficiency

resourced long term framework necessary for strengthened

performance. Moreover,G20 members have accumulated

G20 voluntarycollaboration on energy efficiency (see Texta wealth of experience and have a demonstrated strengthbox 1). It includes the G20 Voluntary Pillars for energy

in developing energy efficiency programmes,channelingefficiency cooperation,which characterises internationalenergy efficiency investments,and driving energybilateral and multilateral cooperation on energy efficiency

efficiency improvements.

as beneficial,innovative,inclusive and sharing.

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Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

G20 members commit to significantly improving

domestic developments. This flexibility implies that non-energy efficiency in the G20 by enhancing energy

participating countries are not bound by the work of theefficiency cooperation and encouraging G20 members

task groups they are unable to join.

to pursue energy efficiency through a variety of national

The International Partnership for Energy Efficiency

programmes,policies and measures that reflect the socio-

Cooperation (IPEEC) will continue to ensure overall

economic diversity within the G20.

coordination and fully support collaboration underAcknowledging that the work conducted by participating

the EELP. In this role,IPEEC will cooperate fully

members under the 2014 EEAP constitutes thewith other international organisations [1] . To support

foundation for G20 collaborative action on energy

effective resourcing for the EELP,G20 members andefficiency,the EELP covers the existing activities

other participating countries will aim to support andunder the EEAP on Vehicles,particularly heavy-duty

strengthen IPEECthrough active participation in theirvehicles,Networked Devices,Finance,Buildings,Induselected areas of work,direct voluntary contributions

strial Processes (Industrial energy management),and

to those areas of work (financial or in-kind) and,ifElectricity Generation. In addition,the EELP expands

they are IPEEC members,ongoing voluntary member

these work areas to include five new key areas ofcontributions to IPEEC (financial or in-kind). In

collaboration: Super-efficient Equipment and Applianceso r d e r t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e g l o b a l v o i c e f o r e n e rg y

D e p l o y m e n t i n i t i a t i v e ( S E A D ) , B e s t Av a i l a b l eefficiency,G20 members support IPEEC working withTechnologies and Practices (TOP TENs),District

the IEA and other international organizations,including

Energy Systems (DES),Energy Efficiency Knowledge

IEF,OPEC,OECD,APEC,BRICS,SE4ALL and C2E2,and

Sharing Framework,and Energy End-Use-Data andwith stakeholders,and G20 members will explore theEnergy Efficiency Metrics.The long-term perspective

feasibility of innovative collaborative arrangements forfor each key area is outlined in the EELP,which enables

international cooperation on energy efficiency.

participating G20 members to maximise the energy
efficiency opportunities on offer and voluntarily
contribute to the long-term progress of energy efficiency
in the G20. All G20 members remain free to join orwithdraw at any point from Task Groupsdependingon their own national circumstances,priorities andText box 1 - The EELP: a long term,comprehensive,flexible
and adequately resourced framework for G20 voluntarycollaboration on energy efficiency- Long-term: Energy efficiency needs time. Based on bestpractices and knowledge sharing,investments,awarenessNotes：[1]1the International Energy Agency(IEA),the International Energy Forum (IEF),the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC),the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD),the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC),Sustainable
Energy for All (SE4ALL),Copenhagen Centre on Energy Efficiency (C2E2)-429-

and skills mature over several years. A long-term

Energy efficiency benefits are not limited to maximum

forward looking strategy will help avoid locking-in

utilisationof energy resources,but beyond to include

inefficient assets,boost profitability,increase investors.

reduced greenhouse gases emissions. Acknowledging theconfidence,and go beyond short-term measures that

dangers of climate change,environmental degradation

aim for the low-hanging fruit only,andmaximise the fulland resource constraints,both developed and developing

potential of energy efficiency gains available.

countries have increasingly recognised sustainable- Comprehensive: Energy efficiency is rarely the result

development as an important goal.

of one single decision or programme. Energy gains are

Energy efficiency contributes greatly to socio-economic

achieved by combining and utilising experiences ofdevelopment and quality of life. In addition to helping

different policy tools in the short-term and long-term

reduce final energy consumption,improved energy

objectives,across different sectors of the economy.

efficiency contributes to energy security,reduced- Flexible: Energy efficiency national policies need to begreenhouse gas emissions,retained environment

dynamic and updated over time to benefit from lessons

pollution,reduced energy infrastructure spending,reduced

learned from national and international developments andenergy poverty,enhanced public health and industrial

constant technological innovation,among other things.

competitiveness,among others[2].

- Adequately Resourced: Like all programmes,energy

Energy efficiency is a priority for many G20 members

efficiency needs to be adequately resourced by dedicatedand one of the most important choices in energy

human,institutional and financial resources,to allow its

utilisation. It has been shown that energy efficiency

deployment at all levels of national and local economies.

has consistently reduced annual energy consumption

Support is needed to: i) create an enabling national policy

over the past decade. For instance,between 2001 andenvironment. and ii) generate direct investments by

2011,energy efficiency improvements have allowed 18

public and/or private stakeholders into energy efficiency

IEA member countries to avoid the equivalent of 1,731

solutions,systems and technologies.

million tonnes of oil-equivalent (Mtoe)[3]. These energy

1. G20 as a Leading Force in Improving Energy Efficiency in
the World

savings exceeded total oil consumption by more than 400
million toe,and were much higher than total electricity
and natural gas consumption[4]. By the quantity in energy

1.1 The multiple benefits of energy efficiency for advancing

supply and demand balance,and the cost-effectiveness ofglobal sustainable development

all energy balancing measures,energy efficiency could

Notes：[2] The IEA has identified more than 20 different types of economic,social,and environmental co-benefits – See IEA (2014),Capturing
the Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency.
[3] IEA (2014),Energy Efficiency Market Report.
[4] IEA (2013) Energy Efficiency Market Report.

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Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）be regarded as an important energy resource comparable

tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions were avoided[5].

toother conventional sources of energy (coal,oil,gas,andAs the world's major economies,the economicallyelectricity).

attractive opportunity to invest in energy efficiency

1.2 The G20 is capable of taking the lead in improving global
energy efficiency
The G20 holds a crucial position in the global
economy and energy landscape,especially in termsof energy security. The G20 covers the world's major
economies,accounting for around 84% of the world.
s total economic output,more than 80% of primaryenergy consumption and 80% of global greenhouse gas
emissions. Given this,and given its important politicalweight,the G20 can take on an exemplary role in leading
the world towards energy efficiency improvements andtheir financing,as well as in promoting the developmentof technology to ensure future sustainable development
through the utilisation of all indigenous energy resources.
G20 members have considerable successful experiencein energy efficiency measures,and in achieving energy
reductions. Between 1990 and 2013,the annual energy
consumption per unit of gross domestic product (GDP)decreased by 1.4% across G20 members. In Germany,China,India,Indonesia,the United Kingdom (UK),and theUnited States (US),energy consumption per unit of GDP

creates market demand for finance in G20 members that
requires enhanced capital flows into energy efficiency
investments. According to the IEA,the potential size of
global investment opportunities for energy efficiency
was estimated at USD 310 billion in 2012 [6] ,and is
growing every year. Recognisingthis,more and moregovernments and financial institutions in the G20
have givenenergy efficiency financeahigh priority.The
volume of capital investmentinto energy efficiency
hasaccelerated,investments have become increasingly
incentivised,and a growing number of financial innovation
measures have begun to develop in this area.
To tap into this potential,members initiated the EEAP in
2014,thereby elevating energy efficiency as a key G20
issue. In 2015,G20 Leaders reaffirmed the importanceof continued progress on energy efficiency,restated theircommitment to increase support for energy efficiency,andagreed that energy efficiency plays an important partin ensuring sustainable energy [7] . This followed theagreement of the first G20 Energy Ministers to provide
a long-term perspective to international collaboration onenergy efficiency[8].

decreased by 2% each year during that period. From1990 to 2013,the G20's total energy consumption savings

1.3 Further strengthening the outlook for internationalreached about 4.3 billion toe,and about 10.4 billion

collaboration on energy efficiency

Notes：[5] http://g20-energy-efficiency.enerdata.net[6]IEA (2014) Energy Efficiency Market Report.
[7] See G20 Leaders Statement 2015.
[8] G20 Energy Ministers Communique. This Communique was then referenced in the G20 Leaders Statement,during their Summit
which took place in Antalya from 15-16 November 2015.

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In 2011,United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-mooncollectively are responsible for 86% of global greenhousepresented three objectives to achieve the transition togas emissions based on 2012 levels[10]. All G20 members

clean energy and global clean,low-carbon growth. Thesesubmitted INDCs and made commitments to address

objectives were restated in September 2015 as Goal #7 ofclimate change [11] . In the aftermath of the signing of

the 'Sustainable Development Goals' (SDGs) agreed by

the Paris Agreement,countries are now developing andthe United Nations General Assembly[9],which aims to:implementing their own INDCs (to become Nationally(1) Ensure universal access to modern energy services.

Determined Contributions – or NDCs- upon ratification(2) Increase substantially the share of renewable energyof the Paris Agreement),which marks an important step inin the global energy mix.

the transition towards a low-GHG economy.

(3) Double the global rate of improvement in energy

Another noteworthy development has been the statement

efficiency.

by Leaders of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

In December 2015,at the 21st Conference of Parties(APEC) forum,made in their Declarations of 2011,of an(COP21) of the United Nations Framework Convention

ambitious goal for the APEC region to reduce energy

on Climate Change (UNFCCC),member states reachedintensity by 45% by 2035 compared to 2005.

a new international agreement on climate change,called

E n e rg y e ff i c i e n c y i s o n e o f t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t

the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement aims to curbmechanisms through which countries can act to mitigate

the global average temperature rise above pre-industrial

climate change in the short-term to long-term. Accordinglevels to 2 degrees Celsius (2°C),and proposes to limit theto the IEA,energy efficiency can contribute up to 49%

temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.

of the energy related CO2 emission reductions that are

The Paris Agreement aims to achieve an equal balanceneeded to limit global temperature increases to lessbetween anthropogenic emissions from sources and thethan 2°C by 2050 [12]. The above developments reflect

removal of greenhouse gases through sinks in the second

the growing emphasis placed on energy efficiency

half of this century,all within the context of sustainableinternationally.

development and efforts to eradicate poverty. By theend of October 2015,a total of 119 Intended Nationally
Determined Contributions (INDCs) had been submitted
to the UNFCCC,covering a total of 146 countries,which

2. G20 Voluntary Pillars for Energy Efficiency
Cooperation
G20 members are encouraged to strengthen bilateral andNotes ：
[9] https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld[10] UNFCCC,http://unfccc.int/focus/indc_portal/items/8766.php[11] UNFCCC,http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Submission%20Pages/submissions.aspx[12] These are consistent with the existing G20 Principles for Energy Collaboration agreed in 2014.13 These are consistent with the existing
G20 Principles for Energy Collaboration agreed in 2014.

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Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）multilateral cooperation on energy efficiency,as well as
to share experiences on energy efficiency improvementswith G20 members and non-G20 members,in order toplay a leading role in improving energy efficiency inthelong-term.
G20 members agree to improve energy efficiency
cooperation on the basis of the following four voluntary
pillars[13]:(1) Mutual beneficial: Enable mutual benefits throughbilateral and multilateral cooperation between G20
members by utilising members. wealth of experiences.
(2) Innovative: Encourage and support innovativeenergyefficient technologies and practices through researchand development,demonstration and dissemination. as
well as developing open and effective energy efficiency
programmes that encourage energy technology transfer.
(3) Inclusive: Encourage countries at different stages of
economic development,with different natural resource
endowments and population densities,to implement

support.

3. G20 Long-Term Aim to Improve Energy Efficiency
In recent years,G20 members have formulated various
energy efficiency programmes within their national
economic and energy development strategies that clearly
demonstrate the great importance they attach to energy
efficiency.
G20 members agree to adhere to the Voluntary Pillars forEnergy Efficiency Cooperation,which are "mutually benef
icial,innovative,inclusive,and sharing".
G20 members commit to significantly improving
energy efficiency in the G20 by improving energy
efficiency cooperation and encouraging G20 members
to develop active energy efficiency programmes,policies
and measures based oneach member.sown social andeconomic context.
G20 members agree to the EELP,as a long-term energy
efficiency programme,and in doing so,take a leading rolein achieving sustainable energy efficiency growth during

energy efficiency improvements according to local

future G20 presidencies.

conditions,and share developed corresponding energy

G20 members will work to significantly improve energy-

efficiency aimsand formulations of collaboration that

efficient technologies and equipment coverage,as well

are in accordance with their national development

as effectively work to enhance capacity building and theobjectives.

policy and regulatory environment for energy efficiency(4)Sharing: Encourage and strengthen theinvestments,taking into account different national

collection,dissemination and analysis of knowledge

realities,capabilities and levels of development within

and information for G20 members to carry out energy

countries,and respecting national policies and priorities.

efficiency improvements and to provide technical

G20 members are encouraged to develop voluntary

Notes：[13] These are consistent with the existing G20 Principles for Energy Collaboration agreed in 2014.

-433-

national energy efficiency programmes,in line with each

(HDVs) alone consuming around half of all transport

members respective circumstances.

fuels. G20 nations account for over 90% of global

4. Key areas of collaboration
The EEAP outlinedsix key areas of work on energy
efficiency [14] that initially formed the backbone forinternational collaboration on energy efficiency organizedvehicle sales,so their policies largely determine theenergy,air quality,and climate impacts of the sector
globally.
The Transport Task Group (TTG) is led by the UnitedStates,and participated by 13 member economies.

by the International Energy Partnership for Energy
Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC)under the G20 mandate.

4.1.1 Long-term perspective and pathway

The EELP adds five new key areas(Super-Efficient

The long-term perspective of the TTG is to support

Appliances Deployment initiative,TOP TENs,District

participating and other interested countries inEnergy Systems,Energy Efficiency Knowledge Sharing

developing and implementing world-class policies andFramework,and Energy End-Use-Data and Energy

programmes to reduce the energy and environmental

Efficiency Metrics). This expansion stems from interested

impacts of motor vehicles,especially HDVs.

G20 members desire to scale up improvements in energyCountries are encouraged to develop their own policy

efficiency. G20 members and guest countries,based

goals and milestones towards world-class clean fuelon their national priorities and capabilities,will selectand vehicle standards. Examples of existing policies

and voluntarily participate for as long as they consider

and programmes,which G20 members could all aspire

appropriate in the key areas of work and Task Groups in

to,are:which they are interested. The long-term perspectives(1)Introduction of mandates for clean fuels with aand pathways outlined in each key area of collaboration

maximum sulfur content of 10~15 parts per million

are not mandatory for participating G20 members,but are(ppm) to reduce emissions and enable advanced

only intended to reflect the general direction of activities

emission control technologies;

which members can pursue.This flexibility also implies(2)Introduction of stringent tailpipe emissions standards

that non-participating countries are not bound by the workof the task groups they are unable to join.

to minimise harmful pollutant emissions. For light-duty
vehicles (LDVs),world-class standards are Euro 6,U.
S. Tier 2/3,or equivalent standards. For HDVs,these are

4.1 Key area 1: Vehicles

the Euro VI,U.S. HD2010,or equivalent standards;

Globally,the transport sector is estimated to account for(3)Development of standards and programmes toaround 20% of total energy use,with heavy-duty vehicles

improve fuel efficiency and reduce GHG emissions

Notes：[14] Vehicles,Networked Devices,Finance,Buildings,Industrial Process( Industrial Energy Management) and Electricity Generation-434-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）from LDVs and HDVs,to the greatest extent possible.

focus on HDVs.

Some countries aim to reduce the fuel consumption of(2)Produced an international assessment of existing

new LDVs by 50% from a 2005 baseline by 2030,and to

regulations and programmes[15].

reduce the fuel consumption of new HDVs by 30% from

(3) Conducted a survey of participating countries on theira 2010 baseline by 2030;

institutional needs and technical challenges to inform the(4)Support to Green Freight programmes to help freightdevelopment of the Policy Roadmaps.

companies achieve cost-effective energy efficiency(4)Led policy exchanges on experiences and best

improvements in their vehicle fleets.

practices on key issues.[16]Other actions and options,such as promoting the useof low GHGcomplementaryfuel,including sustainablebiofuels,onboard capture and storage,or electric vehicles /new energy vehicles -have been successful in several G20
countries,and are useful to showcase world-class policies
and programmes to reduce the energy and environmental
impacts of motor vehicles. Examples include policies andprogrammes to support low-carbon biofuels as well as
electric and hybrid electric vehicles.
Robust national compliance programmes,including in-use
compliance programmes,an important part of all policies
and programmes,help ensure standards are effectively
implemented and enforced,and expected results are achieved.

4.1.3 Planned work
The TTG will focus on supporting domestic progressin participating and other interested countries
bysharing experiences on best practices in energy andenvironmental policies for vehicles and fuels,especially
HDVs,including by:(1)Developing Policy Roadmaps outlining future policy
and programmatic improvements in participating andother interested G20 members.
(2)Engaging the financial community to provide guidanceon financing for energy-efficiency investments (e.g. foroil refinery upgrades to produce low-sulfur fuels).
(3)Encouraging ongoing policy exchanges on experiences

4.1.2 Achievements

and best practices on key issuesto support nations in

Since 2015,the TTG has achieved a number of importantdeveloping and implementing world-class policies andmilestones,including:programmes to reduce the energy and environmental(1)Secured G20 Energy Ministers'agreement to develop

impacts of vehicles and fuels.

G20 Policy Roadmaps for reducing the energy and(4)Exploring the creation of an annual workshopof

environmental impacts of motor vehicles,with specificAchievement for participating G20 members to recognize

Notes:[15] International Council for Clean Transport (ICCT),Policies to Reduce Fuel Consumption,Air Pollution,and Carbon Emissions from
Vehicles in G20 Nations.
[16] These included among others: compliance and enforcement and sustainable alternative fuels (natural gas,electricity,hydrogen,andsustainable biofuels).

-435-their commitment and progress in the area of clean fuelindustry representatives which pursues two aims:

and vehicle standards.

(1)Realise a world where devices and networks optimise

4.2 Key area 2: Networked Devices

energy management while delivering increased energy
productivity across all sectors.

The number of devices connected to the network is(2)Maximise network-enabled energy savings andexpanding rapidly,and eventually almost all appliances

minimise the energy consumption from all networks andwill be networked. By 2030,networked devices may

network-connected devices.

represent as much as 6% of current final global energy
consumption [17]. In this context,the small amount of

4.2.2 Achievements

energy demand from individual products to remain

Since 2015,the NDTG has held four international'connected',will have very large impacts in terms ofworkshops and developed a series of new initiatives toenergy consumption[18].Much of that consumption could

improve the energy-efficiency of connected devices,andbe reduced through improved energy management. At

has:

the same time,efficient networks and networked devices(1) Devised Design Principles on key features of energy-

have the potential to substantially raise the overall

efficient networked devices,networks and communicationenergy productivity of economies. To take advantages

protocols for designers,manufacturers and authors.

of these opportunities,since 2015 the United Kingdom(2)Decided on Policy Principlesfor participating countries

and the IEA have led the Networked Devices Task

to encourage a common framework for the development

Group (NDTG)[19],bringing together nine countries ofof government policies.

the G20 to identify energy efficiency policy options for(3)Agreed to a first set of Definitions that provide a

networked devices.

common understanding of key elements and underpin

4.2.1 Long-term perspective and pathway

the development of policies in this areafor participating
countries.

The work of the NDTG has led to the establishment of(4)Launched a Centre of Excellence[20]with information

the Connected Devices Alliance (CDA),a platform forfor participatinggovernments and industry on bestinternational cooperation among 350 government andpractices and energy savings opportunities in networked

Notes:[17] It is estimated that there will be 50 billion networked devices by 2020 (More Data Less Energy,OECD/IEA,2014)[18] Already,the current annual standby power consumption of networked devices is estimated at over 600 TWh,which is greater than
Canada.s total annual electricity consumption for 2011.
[19] NDTG is short for Networked Devices Task Group.
[20] The web portal is operational at http://cda.iea-4e.org-436-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

devices and networks.
(5) Researched the issues of 'Energy Aware Devices'and 'Intelligent Efficiency'.
(6)Explored opportunities for RecognitionAwards[21] forindustry and governments and for Market Monitoring
activities for participating countries to track policies
and potential savings relating to networked devices.

4.2.3 Planned work
The CDA will continue to provide a platform forinternational collaboration between governments
and industry to achieve the above stated aims. In
2016,the group has and will focus on promoting
the Policy and Design Principles so that they are
actively supported and propagated as appropriate byparticipating G20 governments,industries,productmanufacturers,designers and standards-making bodies.
This will happen through continuation of the initiatives
mentioned above,and the hosting of workshops.
Beyond 2016,the CDA will focus on progressing
work under each initiative,with particular attention
to: expanding its membership. investigating the scopefor new voluntary efficiency targets for products.
promoting the use,by industry and participating
governments. and developing methodologies to

4.3 Key area 3: Finance
Energy efficiency requires enhanced finance to support
its deployment across G20 economies at the national andlocal levels. The Energy Efficiency Finance Task Group(EEFTG),led by France and Mexico and counting 14
G20 members,aims to remove barriers,enhance policy
support,and drive public and private sector action todrive greater capital flows towards energy efficiency in
the G20.

4.3.1 Long-term perspective and pathway
To achieve this,in the long-term,the EEFTG aspires toscale-up energy efficiency investments significantly,asinvestments must increase multiple times to meet the
Sustainable Development Goal on energy. This will
require participating G20 members to work together to:(1)Build robust,investment grade[22] national policy andinvestment frameworks.
(2)Identify and replicate best practices in finance among
participating G20 members.
(3)Optimise public resources to lever and scale-up
private sector investmentsin participating G20 members.
(4)Facilitate the dialogue between participating G20
policymakers and the private and public sector financecommunity,industry and international organisations.

measure energy efficiency outcomes. It is envisaged
that at least one workshop will be held annually to

4.3.2 Achievements

monitor progress.

Since 2015,the EEFTG has increased the visibility of theNotes:[21] These would be in partnership with SEAD under their .Global Efficiency Medal.,see section 4.7[22]'Investment grade' refers to a rating that indicates a relatively low risk of default. By extension,an'investment grade policy
framework'refers to a policy framework thatindicates a low regulatory risk,thereby enabling energy efficiency investments.

-437-

issue of energy efficiency finance and encouraged greater

national investment policy environments through theaction by the private and public sectors by:framework of the Voluntary Energy Efficiency Investment( 1 ) D e v e l o p i n g t h e Vo l u n t a r y E n e rg y E ff i c i e n c y

Principles[25].

Investment Principles for G20 Participating Countries to(2)Strengthening these Principles by gathering

address existing barriers in G20 countries and enhanceadditional data,implementation experience andcapital flows to energy efficiency investments.

commitments,including through the support of the UNEP

(2)Contributing to the G20 Energy Efficiency Investor

FI and its partners.

Statement endorsed by over USD 4 trillion of private(3)Broadening and deepening private sector

sector institutional investors to fully embed energy

engagement,including through the establishment of aefficiency into their investment processes.

Private Sector Energy Efficiency Investment Platform,and(3)Launching and promoting Financial Institutions Energy

other work with long-term investors,banks andEfficiency Statements,supported by 106 banks from overinsurerswith our partner support.

40 countries,to drive energy efficiency investments.

(4)Mobilising IFIs to support finance where most(4)Leading consultative processes[23]with participatingG20

needed (e.g. capacity building),and to directly fundmembers,financial institutions,and private sector

technical assistance for project development,financeexperts to identify the policy frameworks required forintermediaries,and the aggregation of energy efficiency

the implementation of the Voluntary Energy Efficiency

investments.

Investment Principles for G20 Participating Countries.

(5)Engaging with participatingG20 members in the(5)Publishing the conclusions of their research[24],withframework of the Principles to support cooperation andidentified policy options and case studies to sharecommunicate on the finance and investment aspects of theexperiences and best practices among G20 members.

EELP.

4.3.3 Planned work

(6) Connecting and communicating with otherinternational initiatives on energy efficiency finance to

The EEFTG plans further collaboration to enhance

avoid redundancy,broaden reach and deepen commitment.

capital flows to energy efficiency through the following(7)Encouraging participating G20 members to incentivise

activities:

the development of a pipeline of energy efficiency(1)Working with participating G20 members to enhance

projectsand collaborating with partners to help support

Notes:[23] This process included hosting five consultation workshops with over 180 specialists in New York,Washington,Merida,Paris andBeijing,to collect and assess the expert views of representatives from financial institutions,investors and policy-makers. meetings
with international organisations to find way for further endorsement of the Principles and Statements cited above.
[24] See 2015 Activity Report of the G20 Energy Efficiency Finance Task Group.
[25] Supported by UNEPFI,IEA,OECD,CEM,World Bank,among others.

-438-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）this activity.

United States and engaging most G20 members,aims(8)Promoting policy frameworks and best practices

to research,inform,and support the development andin EEFTG participatingcountries including throughimplementation of effective building energy efficiency

Technical Engagement Workshops.

policy options.

(9)Encouraging energy efficiency investments and theirpositive impacts to be systematically considered alongsidesupply-side investments relating to G20 countries energy
systems.
(10)Recognizing the importance of energy efficiency
considerations in all relevant decision making tosignificantly increase and strengthen energy efficiency
investments in G20 economies in the context of ab alanced p r o gr es s ion o f th e th r ee d imen s io n s o fsustainable development.
(11)Reinforcingt of the policy framework in each G20
country to drive energy efficiency investments by sectors.
(12)Increasing the effectiveness of public and private
financial institutions in using tailored approaches tostructure and facilitate energy efficiency investments ineach sector of the economy.

4.4.1 Long-term perspective and pathway
International cooperation can help realise the large
energy savings potential in buildings by pursuing joint
efforts to develop,compare and promote effective
national building energy policy optionsand tools. This
includes collaborating on energy rating systems,energy
codes,sharing best practices,experiences,expertise,data
and analysis.

4.4.2 Achievements
Since 2008,the BEET project has helped advance energy
efficiency in buildings and has:(1)Produceda foundational BEET1 report,Building
Energy Rating Schemes,which found that energy rating
programmes have the greatest impact when combined

4.4 Key area 4: Buildings

with other policy levers[26],and underscored the need for

Buildings offer significant energy savings as they accountimproved data.

for over 30% of global final energy consumption,and it(2)Released the BEET 2 report onBuilding

is estimated that G20 members alone could account forEnergy Efficiency: Opportunities for International

three-fourths of the cumulative global building energy

Collaboration,which provided options to develop building

savings potential. Recognising this,the Buildings Energy

energy performance metrics to gauge progress andEfficiency Task Group (BEET),led by Australia and theidentify areas for improvement[27].

Notes：[26] These include code enforcement,financial incentives,quality assessments,assessor training,as well as robust outreach andcommunications efforts.
[27] The report also presented a number of actions that countries could consider taking,such as extending building rating,labelling,anddisclosure policies to cover more building types and implementing cost-effective building energy codes for all new construction andrenovation.

-439-

(3)Issued the BEET3 report on Delivering Energy

in code implementation to allow participating

Savings in Buildings,with recommendations [28] tocountries to effectively learn from one another. This

improve compliance with building energy codes. andmay include: further development of the BEET 3

launched a BEET3 portal [29] to share approaches tobuilding energy codes portal. reports on best practices

building code implementation.

in code implementation and compliance. and(4)Published quantitative data on the energy efficiency

webinars and dialogues to share experiences in code

performance of buildings in G20 countries,which

implementation.

constitutes one of the broadest and finest sets of data

Beyond 2016,participating countries will focus

available to date,through the BEET4 report,Building

on continuing the development of resources andEnergy Performance Metrics. The report further

collaborative models aimed at assisting nations

highlights the need for smart efficiency policies options

to improve building energy productivity,possibly

to optimize energy consumption in buildings.

focusing on effective building codes,rating systems

4.4.3 Planned workand metrics. All of the above initiatives will help drive

In 2016,participating countries will work together
to identify successful elements of rating schemes

greater efficiency gains in the buildings sector,an areawith one of the largest potentials for improvement.

as a key path to driving greater energy gains in the

4.5 Key area 5: Industrial Processes (Industrial

buildings sector. They will conduct an international

Energy Management)

review of residential building energy efficiency rating

Industry and commercial buildings cover over 50%

schemes,looking at elements such as: administrativeof global energy use. By increasing uptake of energy

structures,operational cost-effectiveness,and impact

management systems,the energy productivity ofo n e n e rg y c o n s u m p t i o n . T h e o b j e c t i v e o f t h i senergy-intensive industrial processes and firms canreview,which will lead to the publication of a BEET5

be improved and bring about large energy and GHG

report,is two-fold: i) help countries build nationalsavings. The Energy Management Working Groupenergy rating schemes and disclosure systems. and(EMWG),led by the United States,and the Energyii) enhance information available to the public on

Management Action Network (EMAK) led bysuccessful elements of rating schemes.

Japan and China aim to realise the energy efficiency

They will also seek to further disseminate best practices

potential these sectors offer. They each bring together

Notes：[28] These include:code compliance checking systems. measuring performance of buildings against code design. and incentives(sticks and carrots) for code compliance and encourage beyond-code performance. among other areas.
[29] This BEET3 portal is hosted by the Global Buildings Performance Network (GBPN): http://www.gbpn.org/laboratory/buildingenergy-codes-portal-440-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

11 members of the G20.

4.5.1 Long-term perspective and pathway (Energy
Management Working Group,EMWG)
In the long-term,the EMWG aims to have 50,000
facilities using energy management systems,such as the
ISO 50001 standard. It pursues this objective by:(1)Encouraging industrial facilities and commercial(5) Facilitated technical exchanges,including on:
measurement and verification. training and certification of
professionals. and development of technical tools,among
other things.
(6) Hosted webinars and bilateral meetings to share policy
best practices,latest developments,technical tools andapproaches,and areas for new joint activities.

buildings to continuously improve their energy

4.5.3 Planned work

efficiency performance (through the ISO 50001

Looking forward,the EMWG and EMAK have identified

standard).

work required for further uptake of energy management(2)Promoting public and private partnerships forpractices to help realise the large productivity gains in thiscooperation on specific technologies in individual

sector. In 2016 and beyond,EMWG plans to:energy-intensive sectors.

(1)Ensure quality implementation of ISO 50001(3)Serving as a discussion forum for bestpractices.

worldwide,including through regional workshops in

4.5.2 Achievements

key ISO 50001 markets,such Latin America,China,andSince 2010,the EMWG has supported technical exchanges
among participating countries for greater uptake ofeffective energy management systems. Most recently,it
has:(1)Established a certification scheme for auditors of
the ISO 50001 standard,to increase consistency in its
implementation in participating countries.
(2)Trained and certified over 40 professionals to assist
in the implementation of the standard.
(3)Published practical case studies (aiming to release
40 by July 2016) with real-world data and users.
experiences in energy management systems.
(4)Facilitated pilot projects to harmonise technicalapproaches among members,focusing on the UnitedStates,Mexico and Canada.

potentially South East Asia.
(2)Evaluate and promote the value of implementing the
ISO 50001 standard,including through: establishing an
ISO 50001 Impacts Research Network. conducting impact
analyses. and developing a transparent methodology to
predict,quantify,and demonstrate the value of ISO 50001.
(3)Launch the Energy Management Campaign to lockin participating government,private sector and otherstakeholder commitments to support the uptake ofISO50001 and its robust and consistent implementationworldwide.
(4)Launch Energy Management Leadership Awards torecognisecompanies. and organisations. achievements
in successfully implementing ISO 50001 projectsin
participating countries,as well as other types of awards tooffer and expand recognition opportunities.

-441-

4.5.4 Long term objective and pathway (Energy

The workshop served to provide experiences and lessons

Management Action Network)

learned from Russia,Japan,China,Australia and UNIDO[31]The long term objective of EMAK is to reduce energyintensity drastically in the industrial sector by establishingand enhancing energy management systems and related
policy and legal frameworks. EMAK pursues this aim by:(1)Building capacity through the sharing of best practices
and tools on the use of energy management systems. and(2)Creating opportunities for networks between policy
makers and industrial practitioners who are responsible
for energy management.

4.5.5 Achievements
Since 2009,EMAK has organised seven workshops andtwo webinars for the purpose of sharing experiences ondesigning and implementing energy efficiency policies
and programmes among many policy makers and energy
managers. In 2015,EMAK hosted two workshops in India
and Russia:(1)The first workshop held in India focused on energy
efficiency in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs)
and waste heat recovery measures. The workshop served
toidentifythe barriers to enhancing energy efficiency
actions and sharing and implementing energy efficiency

on energy management systems and ESCO programmes.

4.5.6 Planned work
In 2016 and beyond,EMAK plans to:(1)Hold workshops to provide best practices on energy
management systems for policy makers and energy
managers.
(2)Identify the options (tools and best practices) to
overcome energy efficiency barriers.

4.6 Key area 6: Electricity Generation (High-Efficiency
Low Emissions - HELE)
Over the past twenty years,global electricity generation
expanded approximately 1.6 times,with fossil fuelsaccounting for the largest share of this growth. According
to the IEA [32],this trend is projected to continue until
2040. The Electricity Generation Task Group,led by
Japan,aims to support energy efficiency improvements inconventional electricity generation,focusing on its sevenparticipating countries.

4.6.1 Long-term perspective and pathway
In the long-term,power generation technologies - in thepolicies and programmes for SMEs. It provided a better

form of supply-side improvements in energy efficiency

understanding for the technical opportunities to reusethrough the introduction of HELE power plants - could

waste heat in industrial organisations.

be a pragmatic measure to limit GHG emissions. The(2)The second workshop held in Russia focused on

Electricity GenerationTask Group supports collaborationenergy management systems and ESCO[30]programmes.

among participating countries with the aim to:Notes：[30] Energy services company[31]United Nations Industrial Development Organization[32] IEA World Energy Outlook,2014-442-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）(1)Improve understanding of HELE technologies(1)Hold technical tours and workshops to allow for(such as Ultra Super Critical,Integrated Gasification

discussions on policy options and technologies related to

Combined Cycle,and Carbon Capture and Storage)

HELE.

in participating G20 members where fossil fuels(2)Develop a common measurement basis for GHG

are a major source of power generation,and of theiremission reductions in participating countries throughtechnical,financial and environmental aspects.

improvements in operation and maintenance.

(2) Develop and disseminate bestpractices in operation(3)Encourage the construction and use of HELE

and maintenance.

technologies as a pragmatic energy option,especially in(3)Continue workshops and side-visits to foster

areas where fossil fuels continue to be a major source oftechnical cooperation.

electricity generation.

4.6.2 Achievements
In 2015,the Electricity Generation Task Grouporganised(4)Encourage further collaboration on technical andfinancial barriers and solutions to greater uptake of HELE
plants.

two workshops,which brought together numerous
G20 members,private sector leaders and international

4.7 Key area7: Super-Efficient Equipment and Applianceorganisations[33]:Deployment initiative (SEAD)(1)The first workshop focused on clean coal technology

Worldwide electricity consumption is expected toand served as a forum for discussing a wide range ofcontinue growing,driven in part by the increasing use of

topics,from research and development to finance,toequipment,appliances,lighting,and other devices. The

help participants gain a better understanding of

associated growth in energy consumption poses a number

technology,options and financial instruments that couldof challenges for governments,including electric gridfacilitate clean coal.
(2)The second workshop enabled knowledgesharing on HELE technologies and barriers to
deployment,including through a site-visit to a coal-fired
power plant to allow information exchange on bestpractices and to identify a detailed approach for further
progress.

overloads,power outages,declining air quality,and otherenvironmental challenges such as climate change.
The existing IPEEC SEAD initiative,co-led by theUnited States and India,brings together 18 participating
governments to accelerate and strengthen the design andimplementation of appliance energy-efficiency options
and related measures,which are proven cost-effective

4.6.3 Planned work

approaches to address the above energy,economic andIn 2016 and beyond,the Task Group plans to:environmental challenges.

Notes:[33] This included the Asian Development Bank,IEA,IPEEC,OECD,Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and World
Coal Association.

-443-

4.7.1 Long-term perspective and pathway

4.7.3 Planned work

By employing current best practices,SEAD countries can

In 2016 and beyond,SEAD aims to pursue its mandate

reduce annual electricity demand and therefore annual

through a range of activitiesamong participating

fuel energy demand. This would decrease GHG emissions

countries,including:and improve the environment,in addition to sizable costsaving.

(1)Promoting policy dialogue,by:a) Launching the "Energy Efficiency Leading Program
Product Best Practice Exchange Series" to engage

4.7.2 Achievements

efficient product experts from across G20 countries

S i n c e i t s i n c e p t i o n i n 2 0 0 9 a s a n I P E E C Ta s k

and beyond to share their experiences through a seriesGroup,SEAD has:of virtual and face-to-face workshops from May 2016(1)Raised awareness on lighting efficiency by

to November 2017. This task would be delivered

launching the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) Global

collaboratively through the existing mechanisms offered

Lighting Challenge,and secured commitments from 13

by SEAD,4E[37] and the IEA,and would reflect the scale

governments as well as lighting manufacturers/retailers toof efficiency opportunities in end-use products anddeploy over 10 billion high-efficiency LEDs[34] as quickly

complement existing G20 activities taking place underas possible.

the Networked Devices Task Group.

(2)Supported the development of energy-efficientb) Supporting country-specific technical exchanges

measures for appliances in Mexico by investigating(e.g. U.S.-Mexico Appliance Standards and Labellingthe impact of appliance minimum energy performance

Technical Exchange).

standards (MEPS)[35].

c) Hosting SEAD Policy Exchange Forum (SPEx)(3)Brought together initiatives on Awards,Incentives,andwebinars to share insights on innovative options,technical

Procurement to promote the manufacture,purchase,andquestions,and market developments. and focusing on key

use of energy-efficient appliances,lighting,and equipment

topics such as: Multiple Benefits of Improving Productworldwide.

Efficiency. Performances Standards Approaches. or Air(4)Created a new online SEAD Policy Exchange Forum

Conditioner Efficiency.

(SPEx [36] ) to promote informal and voluntary policyd) Identifying and sharing bestpractices for adoption of

dialogues among participating member governments onenergy-efficient products (e.g. computers and motors),and

cost-effective product options.

conducting comparative analyses of modelling tools andNotes:[34] LEDs: Light-Emitting Diodes[35] Since 2000,MEPS are saving 6 billion kWh annually in Mexico.
[36] http://www.superefficient.org/spex[37] Energy Efficient End-use Equipment,a technology collaboration programme of the IEA .

-444-

Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）results underpinning energy-efficiency devices.

and BPs in use today,as well as to accelerate widespread(2) Recognising achievements,by:application of technological innovations.

a) Launching the SEAD Global Efficiency Medal

Established in 2013 to realise this opportunity forcompetition for outdoor and industrial lighting tocollaboration,the TOP TENs Task Group is co-recognise corporate leadership in manufacturing highly-

led by China and Australia through the IPEEC,and

efficient products.

currently brings together 7 participating G20 members.

b) Providing governments with updates on market

Participating G20 members develop BATs and BPs

developments to inform procurement options and newlists by assessing data on their domestic companies andstandards in participating G20 members.

public sectors. energy efficiency using an agreed set ofc) Developing Recognition Awards with the NDTG to

TOP TENs methodology. The methodology includes

encourage best practices among networked products andcriteria on,for example,the energy savings potential

protocols (see section 4.2.4).

of a technology or practice,its reliability,paybackd) Supporting the expansion and tracking of CEM

period and level of innovation. Company projects are

Global Lighting Challenge,including use of SEAD Street

rated against the criteria and listed accordingly. EachLighting Procurement Tool.

member.s domestic lists and the collective internationale) Building on the SEAD Air Conditioning Strategy andlists all contain case studies which showcase how thecollaboration with India to launch the CEM Advanced

technology or practice has been used. The initial lists

Cooling Challenge to ensure that rapidly growing global

cover the industrial,building and transportation sectors.

demand for cooling services will be met by highly energyefficient products.

4.8.1 Long-term perspective and pathway
In the long-term,the TOP TENs Task Group will focus on:

4.8 Key area 8: Sharing Best Available Technologies(1)Enhancing the sharing of best available energy(BATs) and Best Practices (BPs)(TOP TENs)

efficiency technologies and practices,by establishing a

Sharing Best Available Technologies (BATs) and BestG20 database for energy efficient BATs and BPs throughPractices (BPs) is an important means to improve energy

IPEEC.

efficiency and address environmental issues,including( 2 ) O p t i m i s i n g t h e TO P T E N s m e t h o d o l o g y b yclimate change[38]. The objective of the TOP TENs Task

developing consistent criteria to compile,evaluate,update

Group is to improve the way in which participating

and promote the implementation of findings.

countries share and disseminate information on the BATs

(3)Stimulating cooperation between governments andNotes:[38] The 2015 "Paris Agreement" highlighted the importance of technological innovation,development andtransfer,deployment,diffusion and exchange of experience as a long-term vision of the Parties.

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market actors in exchanging and promoting TOP TENs
BATs and BPs.
(4) Promoting the application of TOP TENs BATs and
BPs in the participating G20 members including activities
such as seminars,capacity-building,pilot demonstration
projects,and mobilisation of finance,among other things.
(5)Consideration of domestic awards or recognition
schemes to highlight corporate leadership and share theexpertise and knowledge more broadly amongst the global
business community.

4.8.3 Planned work
In 2016 and beyond,the TOP TENs Task Group is
expanding its focus by:(1)Promoting the Domestic and International TOP TENs
Lists through such avenues asthewebsites and social
media of the IPEEC and member countries,developing
communication materials for companies and policy
makers on the purpose of the lists and how to use themeffectively to promote energy savings.
(2)Preparing guidelines for TOP TENs members on the

4.8.2 Achievements

collection,identification and promotion of energy-efficient

Since its establishment in 2013 as an IPEEC Task

BATs and BPs,and the release of TOP TENs lists.

Group,the TOP TENs Task Group has completed a(3)Encouraging G20 countries to join the TOP TENs Task

number of activities including:Group to develop their own lists showcasing leading energy(1)Development of a methodology to assist governments

efficiency practices and technology take-up.

to createtheir lists of best available energy-efficient(4)Continuing the development of the second round oftechnologies and practices used by companies in theirDomestic TOP TENs Lists.

countries.

(5)Continuing to refine and periodically updating of the(2)Development of the inaugural International TOP

TOP TENs methodologies and communication to increase

TENs Lists of BATs and BPs which combines the leading

their relevance and ease of use.

examples from participating members. own domestic(6)Considering the expansion of the sectors covered in the lists.

TOP TENs Lists. The International Lists are designed
to showcase examples of best practices and use oftechnologies that are leading,replicable and available andcould be taken up by other members to improve theirenergy savings.
(3)Commencement of promotion of the domestic TOP
TENs lists in the first round of member countries andmonitoring the impact of the lists.

4.9. Key area 9: District Energy Systems (DES)
Cooling currently accounts for a large share of theelectricity consumption in various G20 countries. Peakcooling demand is expected to continue on the path of highgrowth,creating a major strain. When certain conditions
are met (in particular,high cooling load and density,anddiversity of end-uses),district cooling (DC)[39] is a proven

Notes:[39] District Cooling (DC) consists of providing cooling to multiple facilities from one or more centrally located cooling plants,
connected to end-users via a network of supply and return pipes.

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Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）cost-effective solution to reduce energy consumption

could champion DC.

and peak load demand. The same applies to district(4) Identification of potential DC zones.

heating (DH). It will be co-led by Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia,China and Russia,as G20 Members,with close
support of Singapore,as a permanent guest.

4.9.3 Planned work
In 2016 and beyond,building on participating countries.
experiences in DC/DH,participating countries will define

4.9.1 Long-term perspective and pathway

initiatives,a work programme,and Terms of Reference

The objective of the Task Group is to encourage DC/DH

to address this issue. Work could focus on exchanging

deployment,focusing on:

experiences,and exploring options for:(1) Establishing national institutions to support DC/DH(1) Establishing the necessary institutional framework (e.g.

deployment and regulation.

establishing a DC/DH Regulator or regulatory capacities(2) Developing a national DC/DH strategy,covering key

within existing organisations).

issues such as licensing frameworks,technical regulation(2) Identifying barriers challenges and options to greaterand economic regulation.

DC/DH deployment and crafting a DC/DH national(3) Encouraging the use of DC/DH in new participatingpublic

strategy,including key elements for higher penetration ofprojects.

DC/DH. These could cover licensing aspects,as well as(4) Defining DC/DH only zones,where DC/DH would betechnical regulation and economic regulations.

the only used cooling/heating technology.

(3) Encouraging participating government projects

4.9.2 Achievements

and public procurement practices to support DC/DH.
For example,this could aim at all new participating

As a new initiative,the DES has not yet initiated work

government projects.

under the G20. However,Saudi Arabia has made good(4) Identifying and mapping zones where DC/DH would

progress in DC,and could serve as an example to otherbe the only cooling/heating technology used.

participating countries.
Since 2015,Saudi Arabia has helped promote DC through:(1) Establishment of DC arrangements,under the existing

4.10 Key area 10: Energy Efficiency Knowledge
Sharing Framework

Electricity Regulatory Authority (ECRA).

Given the wealth of energy efficiency experience among(2) Drafting (in-train) of a"DC Perspective" by ECRA

G20 members,the G20 proposes a framework for acovering licensing,technical and economic regulation

platform that facilitates knowledge sharing on energy

issues/specifications for DC.

efficiency policies,bestpractices andnational experiences.

(3) Development of district cooling threshold standards,and

The current proposal is toestablish an Energy Efficiency

agreement that new future participatingpublic buildings

Knowledge Sharing Frameworkunder the International-447-

Energy Forum(IEF)for the G20.The proposed Energy

it works in concert with APEC,Eurostat,theEfficiency Knowledge Sharing Platform will be led by

GECF,IEA,OLADE,OPEC,and UNSD.

Saudi Arabia.

With the support of G20 and IEF member countries

4.10.1 Long-term perspective and pathway
The objective is to collect and disseminate
policies,practices and measures,which will help G20 andother interested countries to improve energy efficiency.
This Framework would extend work already under
way to establish an Asian Energy Efficiency Sharing
F r a m e w o r k u n d e r t h e I E F, e n d o r s e d b y E n e rg y
Ministers gathered at the 6th Asian Ministerial Energy
Roundtable in Doha,Qatar,after a proposal from theKingdom of Saudi Arabia and supported by Japan.
Energy efficiency matters to both energy producers andconsumers. The Framework can showcase and amplify
achievements in state of the art energy efficiency
policies,technologies,and innovation on both the supply
and demand sides,while serving as a platform to shareexperiences and information in respect of financing andimplementation of energy efficiency gains.

and international organisations and agencies,a firsthigh-level meeting of the IEF Knowledge Sharing
Framework on Energy Efficiency can take place in thefirst half of 2017.
This high-level meeting will set further
priorities,mobilise resources and engage withpotential partners,including public and private sector
stakeholders of interested G20 and IEF countries.

4.11 Key area 11: Energy End-Use-Data and Energy
Efficiency Metrics
Evaluating the impact of energy efficiency policies
is challenging for policy makers. Different types ofenergy efficiency policies require different data andmetrics which are also dependent on the target sector(e.g. residential,industrial,transport,agricultural orcommercial). Each task including,prioritising areas
for intervention,evaluating the impact of policies,and

4.10.2 Planned work

tracking progress against objectives,requires a

In pursuit of the Framework.s objectives,the IEF

different set of data and a range of metrics that iswill collaborate with other relevant International

limited by the information available in each country.

Organizations,including IPEEC,IEA and OPEC among

Within the context of the G20 there would be greatothers,and Agencies to give greater visibility to thevalue in sharing experiences to improve energy

energy efficiency policies of the G20 as well as otherefficiency metrics to allow for better decision making

countries and contribute to strengthen their institutional

and prioritisation of the most cost-effective energy

capacity and international collaboration. The IEF

efficiency options,taking into account specific national

has set a standard in inter-institutional cooperation

circumstances and capabilities.

under the Joint Organizations Data Initiative,where

This work-stream is led by France through the French-448-Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)
and Best Practices (BPs）

National Agency for Energy Management (ADEME)

been conducted to develop an energy efficiency

with the support of the IEA. Other G20 members

indicators methodology and database for 19 Latinwould be very welcome to co-lead the workstream.

America and the Caribbean countries,with the

4.11.1 Long-term perspective and pathway
The objective of this work-stream would be toprovide a forum for participating G20 countries
to share knowledge and experience in collecting
and analysing energy end-use demand and energy
efficiency data including the strategies,approaches
and methodologies that can lead to better metrics andultimately improved decisions and more effective
policies. The value of the work-stream is independentof the range of policies being implemented in each
G20 country and also does not depend on the G20
countries having any similar policies or goals.

4.11.2 Achievements
As a new workstream,the initiative has not yetachievements as such. It will however rely on theexperience of partners:
Both France,through its national agency ADEME,and
the IEA have been involved in end-use energy datacollection and analysis for many decades.
In particular,ADEME developed and manages the

Economic Commission of Latin America and the
Caribbean. ADEME is also working with the World
Energy Council in order to provide a global databaseon energy efficiency indicators. Complementary to
the work led by France,the IEA has a systematic enduse data collection process for its members that showsenergy efficiency progress across sectors,driversof economy-wide trends and quantifies variations
in energy demand. The IEA also regularly fosters
exchange on energy efficiency data collection throughmanuals for both policy makers and statisticians inEnglish ,Chinese,Russian and Spanish as well as a
database of country practices for collecting data acrosssectors. The IEA uses these resources to provide
training to emerging economies and has a key rolein partnering with the World Bank to produce the
Global Tracking Framework Report for Sustainable
Energy for All (SE4All). This report tracks global
progress towards the SE4All objectives for energy
efficiency,renewable energy and access to modern
energy services.

European Commission database on energy efficiency

4.11.3 Planned work

indicators known as ODYSSEE for its 28 members.

The work-stream would be implemented byThrough cooperation with the Mediterranean Energy

establishing a knowledge sharing forum under theManagement Agencies (MEDENER network) a

G20 EELP. The forum would aim to meet face to facesimilar database on indicators has been developed

twice a year and would also establish virtual systems

for the Mediterranean region. More recently,in thefor sharing experiences of practice. The forum would

framework of IPEEC,a project (BIEE project) has

be aligned with other relevant international activities-449-

to ensure that it builds on existing experience and does

for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC) will be

not duplicate other initiatives.

the key coordinating agency for the EELP. In thisThe work-stream would be complemented by thecapacity,IPEEC willfully cooperate with international

identification of pilot initiatives allowing collaboration

organizations including IEA,IEF,OPEC,OECD,APE

between participating countries on data quality

C,BRICS,SE4ALL and C2E2,and others.In order toimprovement,as well as indicators design and use forpolicy evaluation,to be enhanced. The work-stream
would be launched through an international workshop
on energy efficiency data and metrics to establish
a sound platform for the future cooperation. This
workshop would include participants from regional
bodies involved in data issues relevant to the G20.
It would be used as a forum to identify priorities
and showcase relevant experience from a range ofcountries.
An indicative schedule is as follows:(1)First workshop in Paris in late 2016(2)Issues paper in early 2017(3)Agreement of pilot actions to improve data quality
among participating countries by mid-2017
A detailed Terms of Reference and work-plan would
be developed in the first 6 months of the life of theworkstream,based on dialogue with interested G20
members.

5. Implementation
G20 members agree that the International Partnership-450-

strengthen the global voice for energy efficiency,G20
members support IPEEC working with the IEA
and other international organizations,including
IEF,OPEC,OECD,APEC,BRICS,SE4ALL and C2E2,andwith stakeholders,and G20 members will explore thefeasibility of innovative collaborative arrangements forinternational cooperation on energy efficiency.
Recognizing the importance of adequate support
t o e n e r g y e f f i c i e n c y, G 2 0 m e m b e r s a g r e e t h a t
stableresources will be important to the effective
implementation ofthe EELP,and encourage G20
members to provide the financial contributionsnecessary
to its realisation.G20 members and other participating
countries will aim to support and strengthen IPEEC
through active participation in their selected areas ofwork,including through direct voluntary contributions tothose areas of work (financial or in-kind).