JICA SATREPS RESARCHPROJECT

Kabwe Mining Pollution
Amelioration Initiative Project
Mayumi ISHIZUKA
Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences,
Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University

BackgroundThe current state of the environmental
pollution of Africa various countries

Wildlife, domestic animals and human are suggested to expose to hazardous chemicals
from waste.
2

BackgroundThe current state of the environmental
pollution of Africa various countries

Air pollution due to traffic, industrial and agricultural activities is
one of serious environmental problem in African countries.

3Background

Massive Childhood Lead (Pb) Poisoning in 2010
“The Price of Nigerian Gold”

How is Zambia…?
 Since 2008, researchers from Vet School of

Hokkaido University and University of Zambia
have been investigating effects ofenvironmental pollution Zambia.

Preliminary conditions
Start of collaborative research with Zambia

Startsymposiumand study

Groundinvestigation andWater
survey inCopper Beltarea

2008/20092010

Screening cattle andanimal in Kabwe
Conference with thehealth department for a
man investigation
Offering date to a wild
animal control

2011

2012

Influential screening of an animalof Kabwe and man's leadcontamination (Surveillance in 300
children)Related research institute , Related
ministries and agencies

2013

2014

2015

2016

International Toxicology Symposium
to discuss on the environmental pollution in African countries

International Toxicology Symposium in Africa
2009~2012 in Zambia
2013 in Ghana
2014~2015 in South Africa
2016 in Egypt

Researcher / Student Exchanges
2009
14/125n / days

2010

2011

Number of33/462
41/620researchers
Outbound
3 (from JPN) 4 (from JPN) 5 (from JPN)
countries
ZambiaZambia (Univ Zambia (UnivSymposium(Univ ofof Zambia,of Zambia,
VenueZambia,Lusaka)
Lusaka)Lusaka)Exchange
countries

ZambiaGhana
NigeriaSouth Africa
Kenya
Tanzania

ZambiaGhana
Egypt
NigeriaSouth Africa
Botswana
Kenya
Tanzania
Benin

ZambiaGhana
Egypt
NigeriaSouth Africa
Botswana
Cameroon
Uganda
Sudan

2012

2013

2014

69/1501

47/1901

36/6605 (from JPN)

4 (from JPN)

4 (from JPN)

Zambia (Univof Zambia,Lusaka)

Ghana(KNUST,Kumasi)South Africa(Johannesburg
University and
NWU)

ZambiaEthiopia
Ghana
Egypt
NigeriaSouth Africa
Cameroon
Sudan
Nigeria

ZambiaEthiopia
Ghana
Egypt
NigeriaSouth Africa
Cameroon
Sudan
Nigeria

Kenya
Kenya
UgandaUgandaZimbabwe
Tanzania
Burkina Faso
Congo (DRC)
Tanzania

ZambiaEthiopia
Ghana
Egypt
NigeriaSouth Africa
Cameroon
Sudan
Nigeria

Kenya
UgandaTanzania

Topics: pesticides, mycotoxin, metals, PAHs,POPs, dioxins, etc…

9Preliminary conditions
Start of collaborative research with Zambia
Copperbelt
Start
symposiumand study

Groundinvestigation andWater
survey inCopper Beltarea

2008/2009

2010

Kabwe
Screening cattle andanimal in Kabwe
Conference with thehealth department for aman investigation
Offering date to a wildanimal control

2011

2012

Influential screening of an animalof Kabwe and man's leadcontamination (Surveillance in 300children)
Related research institute , Related
ministries and agencies

2013

2014

2015

2016

Children

Pb conc. in blood(μg/dL)

Adult

10

Lead poisoning in
Human
11

Pb conc. (μg/dL) in child blood at two Kabwe areas inZambia

Approximately
100 % of morethan 10 μg ofchild's leadconcentration/dL

The density witha possibility thata brain disorderand fatality occur
for childrenChildren'sZambian
blood levelexceeds the toxic
manifested level.

10μg/ｄL

Yabe et al .2015 ChemospherePublished Papers with UNZA

Yabe J et al. Lead poisoning in children from townships in the vicinity of a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe, Zambia.
Chemosphere119:941-7 (2015)
M’kandawire E et al. Molecular characterization and mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 and cytochrome P450 3A in liverof Kafue Lechwe (Kobus leche kafuensis) as potential biomarkers of pollution of the Kafue River basin, Zambia. Engineering 6:5158 (2014)
Nakayama SMM,et al. Accumulation and biological effects of metals in wild rats in mining areas of Zambia. Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment 185:4907-4918 (2013)
Yabe J et al. Metal distribution in tissues of free-range chickens near a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe, Zambia. Environ Toxicol Chem.
2013 Jan;32(1):189-192.
Nakayama SMM, et al. GIS-based source estimation of Cu pollution in Lake Itezhi-tezhi and metal accumulation profiles in
Oreochromis spp. from both field and laboratory studies. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2013 Jan;64(1):119-129.
Nakayama S.M.M, et al. Metal contaminated soil from mining area caused metal accumulation and biological responses in rats.
JJVR, 61:S77-S79 (2013)
Yabe J et al. Accumulation of metals in the liver and kidneys of cattle from agricultural areas in Lusaka, Zambia. J Vet Med Sci.
2012 Oct;74(10):1345-7.
M’kandawire E, et al. The nucleotide sequence of metallothioneins (MT) in liver of the Kafue lechwe (Kobus leche kafuensis) andtheir potential as biomarkers of heavy metal pollution of the Kafue River. Gene. 2012 Sep 15;506(2):310-6.
Ikenaka Y et al. Effects of environmental lead contamination on cattle in a lead/zinc mining area: changes in cattle immune
systems on exposure to lead in vivo and in vitro. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2012 Oct;31(10):2300-5.
Nakayama SMM, et al. Metal and metalloid levels and bio-accumulation characteristics in soil, sediment, land plants andhippopotami (Hippopotamus amphibius L) from the South Luangwa National Park, Zambia. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2012
Jun;80:333-8.
Yabe J et al. Uptake of lead, cadmium, and other metals in the liver and kidneys of cattle near a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe, Zambia.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2011 Aug;30(8):1892-7.
Nakayama SMM et al. Metal and metalloid contamination in roadside soil and wild rats around a Pb-Zn mine in Kabwe,Zambia.Environmental Pollution 159 (2011) 175-18.
Ikenaka Y, et al. Heavy metal contamination of soil and sediment in Zambia. African Journal of Environmental Science andTechnology 4 2010（11）：729-739.
Yabe J, et al. Current levels of heavy metal pollution in Africa. J Vet Med Sci. 2010 Oct;72(10):1257-63.
Nakayama MMS, et al. Heavy metal accumulation in lake sediments, fish (Oreochromis niloticus and Serranochromis thumbergi)
and crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) in Lake Itezhi-tezhi and Lake Kariba, Zambia. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2010
Aug;59(2):291-300.

Next Step…
 Our latest research activities revealed thatchildhood lead (Pb) poisoning is a serious publichealth concern in Kabwe.
 Based on the previous research activities, we

desire to extend our work to include
remediation and use Kabwe as a model for areas
with similar environmental problems in Africa.

Preliminary conditions
Startsymposium
and study

Groundinvestigation andWatersurvey inCopper Beltarea

2008/20092010

Screening cattle andanimal in Kabwe
Conference with thehealth department for aman investigation
Offering date to a wild
animal control

2011

2012

Influential screening of an animalof Kabwe and man's leadcontamination (Surveillance in 300children)
Related research institute , Related
ministries and agencies

2013

2014

26 MaySTART!
MM,R/D

2015

2016

The outline ofSATREPS project

1. Elucidating the pollution mechanism of lead in ecologicalsystem, human and animals
2. Follow up study to the harmful metal pollution in children
3. Development and evaluation of the on-demandenvironmental remediation technology

The outline of a projectContents (Group)
Elucidating apollution
mechanism inecological systemand human
1

Approach

Outputsa. Measurement of lead in soil • Elucidation of the shift mechanismand environment samplesof lead to humanb. Wide area surveillance of• New vegetation index
lead (remote sensing)• Simulation of the pollution diffusion

Follow up study
a. Risk assessment of theto the harmful
hazard with lead
metal pollution in b. Economic assessment ofchildren
the hazard with lead2• Elucidation of the toxic mechanismof lead• The expert training• Therapy protocol of the chronic
poisoning

Environmental
remediation• New environmental remediation
technology of the soil

3a. Physical remediation
b. Chemical remediationc. Bio-remediation andphytoremediation

The Organization chart
Capacity building,
Proposing policy,Making standardandMaking,Distributing andimplementing
protocolMaking, mechanism
explication andenvironmental
remediation of apollution data base,
Health and financial
risk evaluation

ZambiaGovernment

ZambiaUniversityRemote
Ministry ofsensing
Center, Education, Mine,
Health, Land
ZEMA

Department ofMine, Veterinary
Science,Medical, Social science ,Economic, …..

Hokkaido
University
School of
Veterinary Med,Engendering, Agriculture,
Science, Economic, Earth,
Health, Informatics, …..

MITSUBISHI
Material techno

Pollution data
base
Environmental
remediation
Health andfinancial risk
evaluation
Practical use ofenvironmental
purification
technology(industrialization)

Japan Space Systems
Tottori University
Univ of the Free StateWorld Bank,
Pure Earth(Black Smith)Setting of monitoring laboratory
and capacity building

Establishment of monitoring laboratory at UNZA
Install equipment
Training of young researchers, staffs and officers of UNZA and Ministries

Short training and graduate program (Master / PhD) in Japan
Seminar and workshop

July 14, 2016

KICK OFF SYMPOSIUM
for project
Kabwe Mining Pollution Amelioration Initiative

KAMPAI