Final Report
Vending Machines Evaluation Standard Subcommittee,
Energy Efficiency Standards Subcommittee ofthe Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy

Vending Machines Evaluation Standard Subcommittee had deliberations on the evaluation
standards for the manufacturers and importers (hereinafter referred to as “manufacturers”)
concerning the improvement of the performance of vending machines, and adopted the following
final report.
1. Evaluation of Current Standards
As for vending machines whose target fiscal year was fulfilled in FY 2005, the weighted
average of energy consumption efficiency was 1,642 kWh/year. It is improved by 37.3%
from 2,617 kWh/year which is the value of those (shipped in FY 2000) before Top Runnerstandards are introduced. In addition, the result is better than originally assumed
efficiency of 1,729 kWh/year and assumed improvement of 33.9%, which are the estimateswhen the Top Runner standards are achieved.
In the light of the above, the energy saving of vending machines has been progressing asa result of the manufacturers’ efforts, and it can be recognized that the current standards
based on the Top Runner method are working effectively.
2. Target Scope [See Attachment 1]
The target scope includes those for canned/bottled beverages, those for beverage in paper
containers, and those for beverage served in cups, all of which are specified in the scope
described in “Annex (Specifications)” of JIS B8561: 2007 Vending Machines − Test Methods.
However, the following products shall be excluded.
▪ Those having a storage space for goods kept at or near room temperature▪ Compact table-top models used on tables▪ Those intended to be used at specific places such as in vehicles▪ Those cooling beverages (raw materials) by means of an electronic cooling (e.g.,
Peltier cooling)
3. Details of Evaluation Standards for Manufacturers(1) Target fiscal year [See Attachment 2]
FY 2012(2) Target standard value [See Attachment 3 and 4]
Concerning vending machines to be shipped by a manufacturer for the domestic market in
the target fiscal year, for each category in the table below, the manufacturer has to make surethat the value obtained by weighting and averaging energy consumption efficiency (annual
energy consumption) measured according to (3) with the number of shipped units shall not
exceed the target standard value.

Category

Beverages to be
Sold

I
II
III
IV

Canned and/or
bottled beverages

Formula for Target
Standard Value
Machines serving cold only, orMachines serving hot or cold
Machines serving hot and cold
(Internal depth is below 400 mm)
Machines serving
Without electronic
hot and coldmoney processing(Internal depth isdevice
400 mm orWith electronic money
greater)
processing device1

E = 0.218V + 401
E = 0.798Va + 414
E = 0.482Va + 350
E = 0.482Va + 500

V
VI
VII

Beverage inpaper containers

Type B(Actual goods areused for visualdisplay andselling goods)

VIII
IX

X

Type A(Dummy samples
are used for
selling goods)

Beverage servedin cups

Machines serving cold
only
Machines serving hot
and cold (having two
internal compartments)
Machines serving hot
and cold (having threeinternal compartments)
Machines serving cold
only
Machines serving hot
and coldE = 0.948V + 373
E = 0.306Va + 954
E = 0.63Va + 1474
E = 0.477V + 750
E = 0.401Va + 1261－

E = 1020〔T ≤ 1500〕
E=0.293T+580〔1500 < T〕

(Note 1) E: Annual energy consumption (kWh/year)(Note 2) V: Net internal volume (A volume calculated from the internal dimensions of
the goods storage compartment. Unit: L)(Note 3) Va: Adjusted internal volume (A volume obtained by correcting the difference
in energy consumption per unit-volume, assuming that a hot storage
compartment is replaced by a cold storage compartment. Unit: L)(Note 4) T: Adjusted heat capacity (Heat capacity calculated from hot-water tankcapacity, cold-water tank capacity and ice storage capacity. Unit: kJ)(3) Measurement method of energy consumption efficiency [See Attachment 5]
Energy consumption efficiency of vending machine shall be defined as annual energy
consumption, and measured in accordance with the method specified in JIS B8561: 2007.
(4) Display items and related matters(a) Display items shall be as follows.
i) Product name and model nameii) Categoryiii) Net internal volume, adjusted internal volume, or adjusted heat capacityiv) Energy consumption efficiency (Annual energy consumption)v) Name of manufacturer(b) Compliance itemsi) As for items specified in (a) iii) above, net internal volume and adjusted internal
volume shall be indicated as integer values in liters, and adjusted heat capacity shallbe indicated as an integer value in kilo joules.
ii) Items as specified in (a) above shall be displayed in catalogs describing machine
performances as well as at easily observable locations on the main body of a vending
machine. The items shall be either directly printed on the machine or printed on alabel such as a metallic or plastic plate firmly fixed to the machine. In addition, thedisplay shall be made in a durable manner.

2

4. Proposals for Energy-Saving(1) Actions of users(a) Efforts shall be make to select vending machines with excellent energy consumption
efficiency and to reduce energy consumption by efficient machine operation such as
appropriate lighting adjustment and using a timer control.
(b) When involved in a discussion of design and specifications of vending machines, efforts
shall be made to take account of energy consumption efficiency.
(2) Actions of manufacturers(a) Technological development for energy-saving of vending machines shall be promoted,
and efforts shall be made to develop those of excellent energy consumption efficiency.
(b) In view of that vending machines are operated under various meteorological conditions,etc., efforts shall be made to engage in product development in consideration of different
operating environments.
(c) Aiming at the spread of vending machines with excellent energy consumption efficiency,
efforts shall be made to provide appropriate information so that users are able to selectsuch vending machines.
(d) As for cigarette vending machines, the standards are not adopted in this report.
However, since further energy-saving needs to be advanced for cigarette vending
machines taking account of the amount of energy they consume, manufacturers shallpromote voluntary actions for energy-saving and also make efforts to gain users’
understanding about it.
(3) Actions of Government(a) Aiming at the spread of vending machines with excellent energy consumption efficiency,
efforts shall be made to take necessary measures, such as activities for spread andenlightenment, so as to promote users’ understanding and actions of manufacturers.
(b) Implementation of the display items by manufacturers shall be checked periodically andcontinuously. Also, appropriate law management shall be made so as for correct andeasy-to-understand information provision for users concerning energy consumption
efficiency.
(c) Energy efficiency standards based on the Top Runner method is a very effective meansfor energy-saving of products; therefore, effort shall be made to promote better
understanding about the Top Runner method and to have it spread internationally bycatching appropriate opportunities.

3

Attachment 1
Scope of Vending Machines
1. Target Scope
Subject vending machines reviewed this time are those selling beverage in containers(other than paper containers) and keeping them cold and/or hot, which are specified in thescope of “Annex (Specifications): Electric Power Consumption Test” in JIS B8561; namely,
vending machines for canned/bottled beverages with the capability of keeping them cold
and/or hot.
In addition, as JIS B8561:2007 was publicly notified on May 21, 2007, the measuringmethods are now specified in JIS for vending machines for beverage in paper containers andvending machines for beverage served in cups. Thus, these types of vending machines shallalso be subject to this review.
2. Scope of Exclusion[Vending Machines for Canned/Bottled Beverages]▪ Vending machines having a storage space for keeping goods at or near room temperature
The measurement condition to measure energy consumption efficiency of such vending
machines does not conform to JIS B8561, and thus they are excluded.
* Shipping volume: 736 units (FY 2005)▪ Compact table-top models used on tables
These machines are likely to be shipped to specific customers and built to custom orderspecifications. Besides, the shipping volume and number of models are extremely low.
Thus, they are excluded.
* Shipping volume: 191 units (FY 2005)▪ Vending machines used at specific places such as in vehicles
These machines are placed in vehicles, etc. and used for special purposes mainly with a
non-commercial power supply. There is no established measurement method to measureenergy consumption efficiency of these machines, and the shipping volume is extremely
low. Thus, they are excluded.
* Shipping volume: 20 units (FY 2005)[Vending Machines for Beverage in Paper Containers]▪ Vending machines having a storage space for keeping goods at or near room temperature
The measurement condition to measure energy consumption efficiency of such vending
machines does not conform to JIS B8561, and thus they are excluded.
* Shipping volume: 54 units (FY 2005)▪ Vending machines used at specific places such as in vehicles
These machines are placed in vehicles, etc. and used for special purposes mainly with a
non-commercial power supply. There is no established measurement method to measureenergy consumption efficiency of these machines, and the shipping volume is extremely
low. Thus, they are excluded.
* Shipping volume: None (FY 2005)

4

[Vending Machines for Beverage Served in Cups]▪ Vending machines in which beverages (raw materials) are cooled by an electronic coolingdevice (e.g., Peltier cooling)
In response to the request of users, some vending machines are equipped with a special
cooling mechanism (electronic cooling with a special technology such as Peltier cooling) to
refrigerate liquid coffee concentrate. Since such cooling mechanisms are imported, it isdifficult to apply the same energy-saving efforts as done for the models of this type ofvending machines commonly manufactured by Japanese makers. Besides, the shipping
volume is low. Thus, they are excluded.
* Shipping volume: 300 units (FY 2005)
In addition, vending machines other than those for canned or bottled beverages, beverage inpaper containers and beverage served in cups are excluded from the target scope for thefollowing reasons:(1) Vending Machines for Alcoholic Beverages (Except Beer)
The cold and/or hot storage temperature does not conform to the temperature of goods
sold that is specified in JIS B8561, because preferred temperature differs due to the natureof the goods. Besides, the shipping volume is low. Thus, they are excluded.
* Shipping volume (FY 2005): 10,000 units (2.0%)(2) Cigarette Vending Machines
While the number of cigarette vending machines installed accounts for approximately
14.2% of all vending machines for selling goods, because of their structure, they account for
approximately 5.6% of the annual energy consumption of all vending machines currently
operating. In a cigarette vending machine, 70 to 80% of the power consumption is due tolighting fixtures (mainly fluorescent light), and the rest is due to solenoids or small driving
motors, etc., which operate only momentarily when dispensing cigarettes. Since thedriving mechanism has only limited room for efficiency improvement, it is important toseek the improvement in the lighting fixtures (e.g., adoption of LED lighting or Hf
fluorescent lighting, and use of dimming control); however, the technological development
by vending machine manufacturers can contribute to only a limited portion of the progress.
Thus, they are excluded.
* Shipping volume (FY 2005): 128,000 units (25.4%)(3) Food Vending Machines
There are a wide variety of food vending machines such as those for gums and candies,for bread and snacks, for packed lunches and instant noodles.
However, theshipping-volume percentage is small, and the measurement method to measure energy
consumption efficiency of these machines is not specified yet. Thus, they are excluded.
* Shipping volume (FY 2005): 3,000 units (0.6%)(4) Ice Cream and Ice Vending Machines
These machines are equipped with a mechanism to chill goods up to the freezing point.
The shipping volume is low, and the measurement method to measure energy consumption
efficiency of these machines is not specified. Thus, they are excluded.
* Shipping volume (FY 2005): 2,000 units (0.4%)(5) Ticket Vending Machines

There are many types such as those for train tickets and food tickets. However,the shipping volume is low, and the annual energy consumption of these vending
machines in operation accounts for only approximately 0.7% of the annual energy
consumption of all vending machines in operation. Besides, there remains little roomfor efficiency improvement. Thus, they are excluded.
5

* Shipping volume (FY 2005): 7,000 units (1.4%)(6) Other Vending Machines
Other vending machines account for 1% of the total shipping volume, with a very wide
range of types, such as for toys, stamps, newspapers/magazines, prepaid telephonecards/prepaid train-fare cards (orange cards), batteries, cosmetics, other daily commodities,
and other groceries. Among them, vending machines for toys account for 84%, but most ofthem are manual operation types.
In addition, the standardized measurement method to measure energy consumption
efficiency is not specified. Thus, they are excluded.

Beverage
Vending
Machines

Shipping Volume of Vending Machines for Selling Goods by Type(on the basis of shipment volume in Year 2005)
Shipment
Composition Included/Excluded in(thousand units)
Ratio
This Review
Machine Type(%)
(Included/Excludedin Previous Review)
Soft Drinks (incl.
306
61.0%
Included (Included)
Beer)
Paper Container
21
4.2%
Included (Excluded)
Cup
19
3.8%
Included (Excluded)
Alcohol (excl. Beer)10
2.0%
Excluded (Excluded)(Sub Total)
356
70.9%
Cigarette Vending Machine
128
25.4%
Excluded (Excluded)
Food Vending Machine3
0.6%
Excluded (Excluded)
Ice Cream/Ice Vending2
0.4%
Excluded (Excluded)
MachineTicket Vending Machine7
1.4%
Excluded (Excluded)
Other Vending Machine
6
1.2%
Excluded (Excluded)
Total
502
Source: Current Survey of Production in FY 2005,
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Energy Consumption of Vending Machines for Selling Goods by Type(on the basis of the number of installed units in Year 2005)
Installed
AnnualOverall(Composition
Units
EnergyAnnualRatio %)
Machine Type(thousand Consumption
Energyunits)
per Unit
Consumption
kW·h/unit
Million kW·h
Beverage Vending Machine
2,675
2,224
5,949
(89.6)
Food Vending Machine
103
2,576
265
(4.0)
Cigarette Vending Machine
616
614
378
(5.6)
Ticket Vending Machine
43
1,023
44
(0.7)
Other Vending Machines
907
4
4
(-)
Total
4,344
6,640
(100.0)(Note) Estimated from the values of typical models
Source: Japan Vending Machine Manufacturers Association

6

(Reference 1)
Cigarette Vending Machines
1. Current Status of Cigarette Vending Machines
On an installed unit basis, cigarette vending machines account for approximately 14.2% of
all vending machines for selling goods, while their energy consumption accounts forapproximately 5.6% of that of all vending machines for selling goods.
Table: Energy Consumption of Vending Machines for Selling Goods by Type(On the basis of the number of installed unit in Year 2005)
Installed
AnnualOverall(Composition
Units
EnergyAnnualRatio %)
Machine Type(thousand Consumption
Energyunits)
per Unit
Consumption
kW·h/unit
Million kW·h
Beverage Vending Machine
2,675
2,224
5,949
(89.6)
Food Vending Machine
103
2,576
265
(4.0)
Cigarette Vending Machine
616
614
378
(5.6)
Ticket Vending Machine
43
1,023
44
(0.7)
Other Vending Machines
907
4
4
(-)
Total
4,344
6,640
(100.0)(Note) Estimated from the values of typical models
Source: Japan Vending Machine Manufacturers Association
2. Power Consumption of Cigarette Vending Machines
The kinds and the numbers of fluorescent lamps installed in the lighting fixtures of vending
machines vary depending on the size of vending machines and the number of displayed goods.
As a result, annual energy consumption of a cigarette vending machine ranges from about 200
kWh to about 800 kWh.
Energy Consumption of Cigarette Vending Machines

ｋWh

1000

Energy Consumption

800

y = 4.5792x + 165.79
2
R = 0.9038

600

400

200

0
0

20

40

60
80
100
120
Total Wattage of Fluorescent Lamps

140

160
W

Annual energy consumption of typical cigarette vending machines (width: 800 mm,
displayed goods: 40 to 60) are summarized as follows.

7

Cigarette Vending Machines, 800 mm in Width, 40 to 60 Buttons
Energy Consumptionof Lighting Fixtures
照明装置の消費電力量

800

Energy Consumption of Those Other than Lighting Fixtures

照明装置以外の消費電力量

700
600
500
400
300
200
100

A社

B社

B社

C社

Ｄ社

C社

B社

B社

A社

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

7

7

3

3

3

3

4

5

5

5

3

4

4

4

6

6

6

4

7

45

45

50

50

65

75

78

80

45

65

65

70

96

95

96

65

115

Ｄ社

C社

B社

A社

B社

Number ofdisplay rows
Number offluorescentlamps
Total wattageof fluorescent
lamps

A社

4

Company

B社

A社

0Power consumption of cigarette vending machines mainly consists of that of lighting fixtures(mainly fluorescent lamps), that of solenoids or small driving motors which operate momentarily
only when dispensing cigarettes, and standby power. As for lighting fixtures, the energy
consumption significantly differs depending on the number of display rows and the installation
condition of fluorescent lamps. Energy consumption of those other than lighting fixtures also
shows a slight difference due to these factors.
3. Use of LED Lighting
In a standard cigarette vending machine, typical fluorescent lamps which are
inverter-controlled with a rating of 120 W (30 W × 4) are used. Assuming that a comparable
level of luminous power (approximately 2900 lumens) is ensured by LED lighting devices, acomparison regarding brightness, power consumption and cost is made and summarized as
below.
Lighting TypeSpecifications

Fluorescent lamp
Standard LED
High brightness LED
Super highbrightness LED

30W × 4 lamps
2100 chips
120 chips

Physical
Space
○
×
×

72 chips

○

8

Power
Consumption
136 W
201 W
225 W

Cost for Purchasing(Yen)
Approx. 6,000 yen
Approx. 400,000 yen
Approx. 50,000 yen

129 W

Approx. 70,000 yen

At this time, LEDs are not necessarily more efficient than fluorescent lamps. Considering
an average price of around 300,000 yen for a cigarette vending machine, it is difficult to adopt
LEDs in terms of cost.
As LEDs’ efficiency improves and price lowers, energy-saving effect by adopting LEDs will
be brought about in cigarette vending machines also.
4. Use of Fluorescent Lamps for High Frequency Lighting (Hf Fluorescent Lamps)
The specifications of fluorescent lamps are specified in JIS; however, availability of efficient
Hf types is limited for the 30-watt or lower level of fluorescent lamps which are usually installedin vending machines.
Types of Fluorescent Lamps Specified in JIS (Tube Length: 1,000 mm or shorter)
Fluorescent Lamp Category
Starter Type Fluorescent Lamp

Hf Fluorescent Lamp

Size (watt/type)
4
6
8
10
15
20S, 20SS
30S
Hf16
Hf24S

Tube Length (mm)
134.5
210.5
287
330
436
580
630
588.5
549

Vending machines have various body widths to cope with different setup locations, and theyuse different types of fluorescent lamps depending on row. It is thus difficult to uniformly
adopt the same type of lamps.
Once various types of Hf fluorescent lamps are commercialized as they spread, it is expectedthat the efficiency of cigarette vending machines will be improved by adopting such lamps.
5. Treatment of Cigarette Vending Machine in This Review
As described above, cigarette vending machines are thought to have room for further
energy-saving. At this time, however, it is unlikely that a drastic improvement will be achievedby the efforts of vending machine manufacturers alone. Meanwhile, as for the arrangement offluorescent lamps, it is also impossible to advance energy-saving by the efforts of the
manufacturers alone. The arrangement is made mostly in response to users’ request; therefore,
it is necessary to gain users’ understanding.
At this moment, in order to strengthen the measures for preventing smoking by minors,
introduction of cigarette vending machines with a built-in age verifier is being promoted by
Tobacco Institute of Japan, National Federation of Tobacco Dealers Cooperative Associations,and Japan Vending Machine Manufacturers Association. The validation test is currently inprogress with a scheduled nation-wide introduction by Year 2008.
Vending machines with a built-in age verifier are equipped with non-contact type IC card
readers and communication devices; therefore, they consume more energy than conventional
cigarette vending machines. Such unknown parameters make it difficult to determine thetarget standard values based on the Top Runner method.

9

Therefore, the standard values for cigarette vending machines are not specified in thisreview. However, it is necessary to promote voluntary efforts by manufacturers, since further
energy-saving of cigarette vending machines needs to be advanced taking into consideration theamount of energy they consume.

10

(Reference 2)
Voluntary Efforts on Cigarette Vending Machines
Japan Vending Machine Manufacturers Association
With the following actions, while setting Year 2012 as a target year, efforts shall be made to
reduce the power consumption by 36% taking the level of models shipped in Year 2007 as abaseline. Approximately once a year, the Japan Vending Machine Manufacturers Association
will conduct a survey on voluntary actions taken by the association members to figure out thestatus of the actions. To enhance the effect of these actions, the Association will also conduct a
campaign, where appropriate, to promote the efforts by cigarette vending machine users.
1) Actions on Dimming Control(a) Default Setting of Dimming Control Function (Reduction by 28%)
A dimming control shall be adjusted to generate 50% illuminance for all models as afactory default.
(b) Technology Development for Dimming Control Function (Reduction by 6%)
Current dimming control function is capable to reduce illuminance to the 50% level.
Efforts shall be made to develop technologies for further reduction of illuminance down
to 40%.
2) Actions on Reduction of Standby Power (Reduction by 2%)
Energy consumption efficiency of money handling mechanisms, age verifiers and power
supplies shall be improved.

11

Attachment 2
Target Fiscal Year for Vending Machines and Related Matters
1.

In general, a considerable improvement in energy consumption efficiency of vending
machines is made when a model change takes place, and a typical development period ofthese new models is approximately 3 to 4 years, but approximately 5 years for vending
machines for beverage in paper containers and for beverage served in cups. For this reason,
consideration should be given so that manufacturers can take at least two opportunities ofbringing out new models before a target fiscal year.
Consequently, for vending machines, it is appropriate to determine next target fiscal
year to be FY 2012, five years after this revision of the standards.

2.

The improvement rate of energy consumption efficiency in the target fiscal year is
expected to be 33.9% based on the assumption that there will be no change from the current
status (the result in FY 2005) regarding the shipment volume and the composition of eachcategory. (Approximately 36.3% for vending machines for canned/bottled beverages,
approximately 26.7% for vending machines for beverage in paper containers, andapproximately 17.9% for vending machines for beverage served in cups).

<Overview of Estimation>(1) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the actual values of vending machines
shipped in FY 2005:
Approximately 1,711 kWh/year(2) Energy consumption efficiency estimated from the target standard values for vending
machines to be shipped in the target fiscal year:
Approximately 1,131 kWh/year(3) Improvement rate of energy consumption efficiency:(1,711 − 1,131) × 100 = Approx.33.9%
1,711<Overview of Estimation: Vending Machines for Canned/Bottled Beverages>(1) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the actual values of vending machines forcanned/bottled beverages shipped in FY 2005:
Approximately 1,642 kWh/year(2) Energy consumption efficiency estimated from the target standard values for vending
machines for canned/bottled beverages to be shipped in the target fiscal year:
Approximately 1,046 kWh/year(3) Improvement rate of energy consumption efficiency:(1,642 − 1,046) × 100 = Approx.36.3%
1,642

12

<Overview of Estimation: Vending Machines for Beverage in Paper Containers>(1) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the actual values of vending machines forbeverage in paper containers shipped in FY 2005:
Approximately 2,202 kWh/year(2) Energy consumption efficiency estimated from the target standard values for vending
machines for beverage in paper containers to be shipped in the target fiscal year:
Approximately 1,608 kWh/year(3) Improvement rate of energy consumption efficiency:(2,202 − 1,608) × 100 = Approx.27.0%
2,202<Overview of Estimation: Vending Machines for Beverage Served in Cups>(1) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the actual values of vending machines forbeverage served in cups shipped in FY 2005:
Approximately 2,142 kWh/year(2) Energy consumption efficiency estimated from the target standard values for vending
machines for beverage served in cups to be shipped in the target fiscal year:
Approximately 1,759 kWh/year(3) Improvement rate of energy consumption efficiency:(2,142 − 1,759) × 100 = Approx.17.9%
2,142

13

Attachment 3
Categories of Vending Machines for Target Setting and Related Matters
1.

Current Categories of Vending Machines
Currently, the Top Runner target standards are specified only for vending machines forcanned/bottled beverages. In the current concept, they are categorized as below based on thetwo parameters that will have impact on annual energy consumption (energy consumption
efficiency) and the future development of energy-saving technologies. For each category, thestandard is defined as a linear function taking adjusted internal volume, etc. as a variable.
(a) Categorization by the cold and/or hot storage capability(b) Categorization by the depth
Table 1: Current Categories
Current Category (Vending Machines for Canned and/or Bottled
Beverages)
Machines serving cold only, or machines serving hot or cold
Machines serving hot and cold (internal depth is below 400 mm)
Machines serving hot and cold (internal depth is 400 mm or greater)

2.

New Categorization Method for Vending Machines(1) Basic concept
New Top Runner standards for vending machines will cover those for canned/bottled
beverages, those for beverage in paper containers, and those for beverage served in cups.
These vending machines are dealing with different kinds of beverage, and the measurement
methods are also different each other. Thus, these three kinds of vending machines are
considered as different categories and dealt with independently.
(2) Vending machines for canned/bottled beverage(a) Categories by the cold and/or hot storage capability
According to the cold and/or hot storage capability, vending machines for canned/bottled
beverages are categorized into three groups: machines serving cold only, machines serving
hot and cold, and machines serving hot or cold. Since the difference in the cold and/or hot
storage capability affects energy consumption by means of causing a variation intemperature differences from the ambient temperature, etc., and also since theirmeasurement methods are different each other, each group is considered as a category. For
machines serving hot or cold, however, the energy consumption measuring method specified
by JIS is the same as the one for machines serving cold only; thus, these two groups are
assigned to one category.
(b) Categories by the depth
When many vending machines were once installed protruding onto public roads, local
governments addressed the issue for improvement. With such a background and in
response to the customers’ request for a machine that can be placed in a space of little depth,
vending machines thinner than the standard models have been developed.
In order to load the same amount of goods as loaded in a standard model, a thin-depth
vending machine needs be wider. It makes the surface area become relatively larger,
resulting in a greater amount of heat being radiated/absorbed and also resulting in14

increased energy consumption due to increased lighting. Since the depth of vending
machines affects energy consumption, categorization by the depth shall be made.
Specifically, vending machines are largely categorized as thin or standard by the thresholdof internal depth of 400 mm; thus, the demarcation between thin and standard is made at
this threshold value.
(c) Categories by the availability of an electronic money processing device
Recently, the shipment volume of vending machines equipped with an electronic money
processing device such as for IC cards is increasing. Availability of such device affects
energy consumption because it always stays in a mode ready for reading and writing onto IC
cards or the like; thus, categorization shall be made by the availability of the device.
However, since most of the vending machines equipped with an electronic money processing
device fall into the category for those serving hot and cold of the standard depth, only thiscategory is divided into subcategories by the availability of the device.
(d) Net internal volume and adjusted internal volume
For vending machines for canned/bottled beverages, energy consumption correlates with
net internal volume (a volume calculated from the internal dimensions of the goods storage
compartment) in the case of machines serving cold only and machines serving hot or cold,
while it correlates with adjusted internal volume* (a volume obtained by correcting thedifference in energy consumption per unit-volume assuming that a hot storage compartment
is replaced by a cold storage compartment) in the case of machines serving hot and cold.
Therefore, if the target standard is defined as a single value, production in each category
would concentrate on the machines having small net internal volume or adjusted internal
volume that could clear the target value, making it difficult to meet customers’ needs.
Consequently, the target standard value shall be defined as annual energy consumption
expressed by a linear function (calculation formula) taking net internal volume or adjusted
internal volume as a variable.
* Adjusted internal volume
Following the concept of adjusted internal volume that is adopted in the current Top Runnerstandards, it shall be calculated as follows with a coefficient of 40/11. The coefficient is obtained
from the difference between the ambient temperature of 15ºC and the storage temperature of hot
storage compartment of 55ºC and the difference between the ambient temperature of 15ºC andthe storage temperature of cold storage compartment of 4ºC.
Adjusted internal volume = Internal volume of cold storage compartment+ Internal volume of hot storage compartment × 40/11(3) Vending Machines for Beverage in Paper Containers(a) Categories by the goods display method
Vending machines for beverage in paper containers are categorized into two types by thegoods display method: those using dummy samples for display and guide (type A) and thosehaving actual goods visible for selection (type B). In a type B machine, a glass wall
separates the storage compartment from the outside air so that the goods are visuallyconfirmed. As a result, there is a difference in insulation performance between type A andtype B, which affects the energy consumption. In addition, the measurement methods forthese types are different. Thus, each type is assigned as a category.
(b) Categories by the cold and/or hot storage capability
According to the cold and/or hot storage capability, vending machines for beverage inpaper containers are categorized into two groups: machines serving cold only and machinesserving hot and cold. As in the case of vending machines for canned/bottled beverages, thedifference in the cold and/or hot storage capability affects energy consumption; moreover,the measurement methods for these two groups are different. Thus, each group is assigned
as a category. Among type A, three-compartment type and two-compartment type areavailable, and such difference causes a difference in usage (cold/hot storage setting);
moreover, their measurement methods are different. Thus, each compartment type is also
assigned as a category.
(c) Net internal volume and adjusted internal volume15

As in the case of vending machines for canned/bottled beverages, the target standard valueof vending machines for beverage in paper containers shall be defined as annual energy
consumption expressed by a linear function (calculation formula) taking net internal volume
or adjusted internal volume as a variable.
* Adjusted internal volume
Following the concept of adjusted internal volume that is adopted in the current Top Runnerstandards, it shall be calculated as follows with a coefficient of 40/10 = 4. The coefficient isobtained from the difference between the ambient temperature of 15ºC and the storage
temperature of hot storage compartment of 55ºC and the difference between the ambient
temperature of 15ºC and the storage temperature of cold storage compartment of 5ºC.
Adjusted internal volume = Internal volume of cold storage compartment+ Internal volume of hot storage compartment × 4(4) Vending Machines for Beverage Served in Cups
Energy consumption of vending machine for beverage served in cups greatly differs
depending on the sales capacity. If the target standard is defined as a single value,
production in each category would concentrate on the machines having small sales capacitythat could clear the target standard value, making it difficult to meet customers’ needs. For
this reason, the target standard needs to be defined as a formula, taking the sales capacity as
a fundamental indicator; however, due to the lack of a clearly defined measurement method oravailable data, it is impossible to consider the sales capacity as the indicator. Meanwhile, thesales capacity is limited by hot-water tank capacity, cold-water tank capacity, and ice storage
capacity. Based on these indicators, adjusted heat capacity* (a corrected heat capacity taking
into account the temperature changes) can be calculated and is consequently used as afundamental index. Besides, looking at a referential data showing the relationship between
adjusted heat capacity and the number of cups consecutively sold, a significant correlation canbe observed. Thus, the target standard value shall be calculated by a linear function(calculation formula) taking adjusted heat capacity as a variable.
Relationship between Adjusted Heat Capacity
and Number of Cups Consecutively Sold

Number of Cups
Consecutively Sold

25
20
15
10

y = 0.0171x - 11.636
R2= 0.7308

5
0
0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,00012,00014,000Adjusted Heat Capacity （kJ）

Other than the sales capacity, vending machines for beverage served in cups have no
additional parameters that affect energy consumption due to their structure, etc. Thus,
they constitute a single category as vending machines for beverage served in cups.
* Adjusted heat capacity
As in the case of adjusted internal volume of vending machines for canned/bottled beverages,
an adjustment is made using the difference between the ambient temperature of 15ºC and the
hot-water tank temperature of 95ºC and the difference between the ambient temperature of 15ºC
and the cold-water tank and ice maker temperature of 0ºC. Taking into consideration the heatof solidification of water (80 kcal/kg) and the specific gravity of ice (0.917) with respect to the ice
storage capacity (kg), adjusted heat capacity shall be calculated as follows:
Adjusted heat capacity (kJ) = (Hot-water tank capacity × 80 + Cold-water tank capacity × 15
+ Ice storage capacity × (15 + 80) / 0.917) × 4.19

16

3.

Proposal for Basic Categories
From the above considerations, preliminary basic categories are determined as below.

Tentative
Category

Beverages to be
Sold
Machines serving cold only, orMachines serving hot or cold

I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X

Canned and/or
bottledbeverages

Machines serving hot and cold
(Internal depth is below 400 mm)
Machines serving hot andcold (Internal depth is 400
mm or greater)

Without electronic money
processing device
With electronic money
processing device

Machines serving cold only
Type A
Machines serving hot and cold (having(Dummy samples are
two internal compartments)
used for selling goods) Machines serving hot and cold (having
Beverage inthree internal compartments)
paper containers
Type B
Machines serving cold only
(Actual goods areused for visual display
Machines serving hot and coldand selling goods)
Beverage served in cups

17

Attachment 4
Target Standard Values for Vending Machines
1. Basic Concept
Based on the concept of the Top Runner Method, target standard values are determinedusing data of machines shipped in FY 2005. Specific policies are as follows:(a) Target standard values shall be set for every category that has been appropriately
defined.
(b) As for the categories where future technological advances are expected to improve
efficiency, the target standard values shall allow for the improvement as much as
possible.
(c) Target standard values shall not conflict among categories.
2. Determination of Baseline to Define Target Standard Values(1) Determination of baseline
Depending on the vending machine category, annual energy consumption (energy
consumption efficiency) correlates with either net internal volume, adjusted internal volume
or adjusted heat capacity. Therefore, the target standard value shall be expressed as alinear function taking adjusted internal volume, etc. as a variable. Then, in principle,
specific calculation formula for each category shall be set according to the following
procedures.
Vending machines in a category are segmented by every 200 L of adjusted internal volume,etc., and in each segment, annual energy consumption of the most energy-efficient product istaken as the top value. For the group of these top values, an approximation line is obtainedby the least-squares method. By shifting down the approximation line until it reaches tothe best top runner value of the category, the baseline for setting the target standard value isdetermined. Upon shifting the line downward, it shall be done so that the reduction ratefrom the approximation line shall be equal throughout the ranges of adjusted internal
volume, etc.
(2) Exception for vending machines for beverage served in cups
Among vending machines for beverage served in cups being shipped, there is one modelwith an instantaneous heating boiler. General vending machines for beverage served incups sell goods using hot water stored in a hot-water tank. On the other hand, this model isequipped with an instantaneous heating boiler. Use of the boiler allows for drastic
reduction of hot-water tank capacity (200 ml); as a result, this model achieves energy-saving.
If a base line is drawn as described above, it would be difficult for the model to clear thetarget, even though it is an energy efficient product. Meanwhile, vending machines forbeverage served in cups need to have a certain sales capacity to be a marketable product.
With it in mind, a constant target value is adopted for those whose adjusted heat capacity isequal to or below the point that is the adjusted heat capacity when the number of cups
consecutively sold of a product having the least sales capacity in the current market isapplied to the relational formula shown in the figure below.

18

Relationship between Adjusted Heat Capacity
and Number of Cups Consecutively Sold

Number of Cups
Consecutively Sold
250

200

150

y = 0.0171x - 11.636
100

50

15

0
0

1500

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,00012,00014,000Adjusted Heat Capacity （kJ）

(3) Models to be treated as special products
When target standard values are determined based on the Top Runner method, certain
models shall be treated as special products and considered as exceptions. These products
shall be those which employ special technologies, whose market share is fairly low at thistime compared to the whole, and which are recognized to have many uncertain factors now
and in future. If energy consumption efficiency of the products using such technologies istaken as the target standard value, other models that employ widely used technologies could
not exist, resulting in an extreme market distortion and a disturbance in improvement andinnovation of other technologies.
In this revision, vending machines for canned/bottled beverages that warm hot storage
compartments using heat pump technology and vending machines for beverage served incups equipped with an instantaneous heating boiler shall be treated as special products.
3. Room for Improvement in Energy Consumption Efficiency Driven by Technological
Advancement in the Future
Concerning the improvement in energy-saving performance of vending machines, while
technological development has been conducted to achieve the Top Runner standards, eachelement technology has already reached close to the limit.
[Examples of Major Efficiency Improvement Technologies for Vending Machines]
・ Cooling and Heating: Improvement in compressor efficiency
・ Heat leakage: Improvement in air tightness, and adjustment for orderly flow of internal
cold or hot air
・ Lighting: Improvement in the dimming rate of fluorescent lamps
・ Control system: Efficiency improvement of money handling equipment
While these technologies have already been applied to the current top runner machines,
each manufacturer is making efforts for further improvements in efficiency. So it can besaid that there remains room for efficiency improvement in each technological development.
In addition, heat pump technology is anticipated to spread in the future and thistechnology is thought to be applied to vending machines for heating up the hot storage
compartment (HP vending machine). Although this type of vending machine has been
excluded in the determination process of the Top Runner values, the efficiency improvementby 30% or so can be expected for this type compared to the conventional models.
Consequently, a potential efficiency improvement corresponding to the spread of thetechnology is taken into consideration for Category III, IV and VII, as a future technological19

improvement.
Information displays (e.g., character information display) are anticipated to spread in
future, and they shall be considered as an efficiency degradation factor all categories.
Concerning vending machines equipped with an electronic money processing device,
their shipments are expected to increase from now on. There are already many kinds ofelectronic money available, and energy consumption varies depending on the electronicmoney which they handle. At this time, development efforts are focused on the spread ofelectronic money processing device, and some of them still consume large amount of energy.
With an expectation of that efforts, such as reducing standby power, will be made for the
improvement of energy consumption efficiency, the reduction of energy consumption fromthe current average of 300 kWh/year to the half shall be taken into consideration.
Based on the above-described factors and considering the effect of each technology, apotential energy efficiency improvement is estimated for each category as follows.

Category

Efficiency
Improveme
nt(%)

Beverages
to be SoldI

II

Machines serving cold only,orMachines serving hot or cold

7.1

- Cooling and heating
efficiency improvement- Heat leakage improvement- Lighting improvement- Control system improvement- Efficiency degradation by
information display

Machines serving hot andcold(Internal depth is below 400
mm)

6.5

Same as above

III
Cannedand/orbottledbeverages
IV

Efficiency Improvement
Technologies, etc.

Machines
serving
hot andcold(Internal
depth is
400 mm or
greater)

Without
electronicmoney
processing
device8.4

With electronicmoney
processing
device22.4

20- Cooling and heating
efficiency improvement- Heat leakage improvement- Lighting improvement- Control system improvement- Spread of HP vending
machines- Efficiency degradation by
information display- Cooling and heating
efficiency improvement- Heat leakage improvement- Lighting improvement- Control system improvement- Spread of HP vending
machines- Efficiency improvement inelectronic money processing
device- Efficiency degradation by
information display

V

VI

Type A(Dummysamples
are used
for selling
goods)VII
Beveragein papercontainers

VIII

IX

Type B(Actualgoods areused forvisualdisplay
andselling
goods)

Machines
serving cold
only

7.1

- Cooling and heating
efficiency improvement- Heat leakage improvement- Lighting improvement- Control system improvement- Efficiency degradation by
information display

Machines
serving hot andcold (having two
internal
compartments)

5.9

Same as above- Cooling and heating
efficiency improvement- Heat leakage improvement- Lighting improvement- Control system improvement- Spread of HP vending
machines- Efficiency degradation by
information display- Cooling and heating
efficiency improvement- Heat leakage improvement- Lighting improvement- Control system improvement- Efficiency degradation by
information display

Machines
serving hot andcold (having
three internal
compartments)

8.5

Machines
serving cold
only

8.6

Machines
serving hot and
cold

7.2

Same as above

7.3- Insulation efficiency
improvement- Lighting improvement- Control system improvement- Efficiency degradation by
information display

X
Beverage served in cups21

4. Specific Target Standard Values
By adding potential efficiency improvements in future, etc. to the baseline for setting
target standard values, target standard values are finalized for each category as follows.
Beverages to be
Sold

Category
I
II
III

Canned and/or
bottled beverages

IV
V
VI
VII

Beverages inpaper containers

VIII
IX

X

Formula for Target
Standard Value
Machines serving cold only, orMachines serving hot or cold
Machines serving hot and cold
(Internal depth is below 400 mm)
Machines serving
Without electronic
hot and coldmoney processing(Internal depth isdevice
400 mm orWith electronic money
greater)
processing device
Machines serving cold
onlyType A
Machines serving hot(Dummy samples
and cold (having two
are used forinternal compartments)
selling goods)
Machines serving hot
and cold (having threeinternal compartments)
Type B
Machines serving cold
(Actual goods are
only
used for visual
Machines serving hot
display andand cold
selling goods)

Beverages servedin cups(Note 1)
(Note 2)
(Note 3)(Note 4)−E = 0.218V + 401
E = 0.798Va + 414
E = 0.482Va + 350
E = 0.482Va + 500
E = 0.948V + 373
E = 0.306Va + 954
E = 0.630Va + 1474
E = 0.477V + 750
E = 0.401Va + 1261
E = 1020〔T ≤ 1500〕
E=0.293T+580〔1500 < T〕

E: Annual energy consumption (kWh/year)
V: Net internal volume (A volume calculated from the internal dimensions of thegoods storage compartment. Unit: L)
Va: Adjusted internal volume (A volume obtained by correcting the difference inenergy consumption per unit-volume assuming that a hot storage
compartment is replaced by a cold storage compartment. Unit: L)
T: Adjusted heat capacity (Heat capacity calculated from hot-water tank capacity,
cold-water tank capacity and ice storage capacity. Unit: kJ)

22

(Reference 1)
kWh/year
kWh/年

缶・ボトル（区分Ⅰ）
Can/Bottle
type (Category I)

区分Ⅰ：缶・ボトル（コールド専用）
Category
I: Can/Bottle type (Cold only)

1,500

1,250

1,000

消費電力量

EnergyConsumption

y = 0.235x + 432
y = 0.240x + 441

750

500

y = 0.218x + 401
250

0
0

200

kWh/年
kWh/year
3,000

Category
II: Can/Bottle type
区分Ⅱ：缶・ボトル（ホットアンドコールドで奥行400mm未満）(Hot and Cold, Depth < 400 mm)

Liter 600
リットル

400

実庫内容積
Net Internal
Volume

缶・ボトル（区分Ⅱ）
Can/Bottle
type (Category II)

2,750
2,500
2,250
2,000
消費電力量
Consumption

1,750
1,500

Energy1,250

y = 1.021x + 530

1,000

y = 0.853x + 443

750
500

y = 0.798x + 414
250
0
400

600

800

1,000

調整庫内容積Adjusted
Internal Volume

23

1,200

1,400

Liter
リットル

1,600

kWh/year
kWh/年
3,500
3,250

Category
III: Can/Bottle type (Hot 奥行400mm以上
and Cold, Depth≥ 400 mm,
区分Ⅲ：缶・ボトル（ホットアンドコールド
電子マネー対応装置なし）
Without electronic money processing device)
Category
IV: Can/Bottle type (Hot andCold, Depth≥ 400 mm,
区分Ⅳ：缶・ボトル（ホットアンドコールド
奥行400mm以上
電子マネー対応装置あり）
With electronic money processing device)

缶・ボトル（区分Ⅲ）
Can/Bottle
type (Category III)

3,000
2,750
2,500

Consumption
消費電力量

2,000

Energy

2,250

1,250

1,750
1,500

y = 0.608x + 441
1,000

y = 0.526x + 382

750
500

y = 0.482x + 350
250
0
600

kWh/year
kWh/年
3,500
3,250

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

Adjusted
Internal Volume
調整庫内容積Category
III: Can/Bottle type (Hot 奥行400mm以上
and Cold, Depth≥ 400 mm,
区分Ⅲ：缶・ボトル（ホットアンドコールド
電子マネー対応装置なし）
Without electronic money processing device)
Category
IV: Can/Bottle type (Hot andCold, Depth≥ 400 mm,
区分Ⅳ：缶・ボトル（ホットアンドコールド
奥行400mm以上
電子マネー対応装置あり）
With electronic money processing device)

2,200

2,400

2,600

2,800
Liter
リットル

缶・ボトル（区分Ⅳ）
Can/Bottle
type (Category IV)

3,000
2,750
2,500

Consumption
消費電力量

2,000

Energy

2,250

1,250

1,750
1,500

y = 0.608x + 441

1,000
750

y = 0.526x + 798

250
0
600

y = 0.482x + 500

y = 0.526x + 382

500

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

Adjusted
Internal Volume
調整庫内容積

24

2,200

2,400

2,600

2,800
Liter
リットル

kWh/year

紙容器（区分Ⅴ）
Paper
Container type (Category V)

kWh/年
2,000

1,800

区分Ⅴ：紙容器（Aタイプ
コールド専用）Category
V: Paper Container
type(Type A, Cold Only)

1,600

EnergyConsumption
消費電力量

1,400
1,200
1,000
800

y = 1.072x + 422
600

y = 1.020x + 402
400

y = 0.948x + 373
200
0
300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

kWh/年
kWh/year

2,500

Category
VI: Paper Container
type (Type2室）
A,
区分Ⅵ：紙容器（Aタイプ
ホットアンドコールド
Hot and Cold, 2 Compartments)

750

800
リットル
Liter

Adjusted
Internal Volume
調整庫内容積Paper
Container type (Category VI)
紙容器（区分Ⅵ）

2,300
2,100

Energy

消費電力量
Consumption

1,900
1,700
1,500
1,300

y = 0.332x + 1036

1,100

y = 0.325x + 1013
900

y = 0.306x + 954
700
500
300

500

700

900

1100

1300

1500

調整庫内容積Adjusted
Internal Volume

25

1700

1900

2100

Liter
リットル

kWh/year
kWh/年
4,000

Category
VII: Paper Container
type (Type
区分Ⅶ：紙容器（Aタイプ
ホットアンドコールド3室）A,Hot and Cold, 3 Compartments)

紙容器（区分Ⅶ）
Paper
Container type (Category VII)

3,500

Energy 消費電力量
Consumption

3,000

2,500

y = 0.772x + 1807

2,000

y = 0.689x + 1611
y = 0.63x + 1474

1,500

1,000
300

500

700

900

1100

1300

1500

1700

1900

調整庫内容積Adjusted
Internal Volume

紙容器（区分Ⅷ）
Paper
Container type (Category VIII)

kWh/年
kWh/year
2,500

2100

Liter
リットル

Category
VIII: Paper Container
type
区分Ⅷ：紙容器（Bタイプ
コールド専用）(Type B, Cold Only)

2,000

1,500

1,000

EnergyConsumption
消費電力量

y = 0.522x + 821

y = 0.477x + 750
500

0
400

500

600

700

Net Internal
Volume
実庫内容積

26

800

900

1000

Liter
リットル

PaperContainer type (Category IX)
紙容器（区分Ⅸ）

kWh/year
kWh/年
3000

Category
IX: Paper ホットアンドコールド）
Container type
区分Ⅸ：紙容器（Bタイプ(Type B, Hot and Cold)

2800
2600

Energy

消費電力量
Consumption

2400
2200
2000
1800

y = 0.439x + 1380
1600

y = 0.432x + 1359
1400

y = 0.401x + 1261
1200
1000
1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

Adjusted
Internal Volume
調整庫内容積kWh/年
kWh/year
6,000

1900

2000

Liter
リットル

カップ式（区分Ⅹ）
Cup
type (Category X)
Category
X: Cup type
区分Ⅹ：カップ式

EnergyConsumption
消費電力量

5,000

4,000

y = 0.349x + 691
3,000

y = 0.316x + 625
2,000

y = 0.293x + 580

y = 1099
y = 1020
1,000

0
0

1500

2000

4000

6000

8000

Adjusted
Heat Capacity
調整熱容量

27

10000

12000

14000

kJkJ

Attachment 5

Energy Consumption Efficiency of Vending Machines and Measurement Method
1. Basic Concept
In Year 2002, when vending machines for canned/bottled beverages were designatedas the designated machineries and products for Top Runner Standards, “annual energy
consumption” was adopted as a realistic indicator of energy consumption efficiency.
The annual energy consumption shall be the value measured by the method specified in
JIS B8561: 2000 “Annex (Specifications): Energy Consumption Test” (hereinafterreferred to as “JIS B8561”).
However, the measurement method specified in JIS B8561: 2000 does not covervending machines for beverage in paper containers and vending machines for beverage
served in cups. In addition, the setting conditions, etc. have deviated from the reality,
along with the changes in actual usage of vending machines and other factors. For
these reasons, JIS B8561: 2000 was reviewed, and the new JIS B8561: 2007 was
publicly notified on May 21, 2007.
2. Specific Definition of Energy Consumption Efficiency and the Measurement Method
Energy consumption efficiency of vending machines shall be annual energy
consumption, which is measured as specified in JIS B8561: 2007.

28

(Reference 1)

Energy Consumption: List of Measurement and Calculation Conditions
Item

Vending Machine for Canned/Bottled Beverages

Vending Machine for Beverage in Paper Containers

Control Procedure
Goods to be Sold

Subject Products

Setting Conditions

JIS B8561: 2007
Canned, bottled, and/or PET bottled beverages

Beverages in paper containers and/or canned beverages

Beverages served in cups(a) Machines serving cold only(b) Machines serving hot or cold(c) Machines serving hot & cold(a) Type A, machines serving cold only (goods selection by dummy)(b) Type A, machines serving hot & cold (goods selection by dummy)(c) Type B, machines serving cold only (selection by actual goods)(d) Type B, machines serving hot & cold (selection by actual goods)(a) Machines serving cold only(b) Machines serving hot only(c) Machines serving hot & cold

Clearance from the wall shall be at least 30 cm on the left, right, front and top of vending machine, and at least 5 cm on the rear.

Clearance from the wall shall be at least 30 cm on the left, right, front and top ofvending machine, and at least 10 cm on the rear.

15ºC ± 1ºC

Ambient Temperature
Temperature of Supply
Water

Vending Machine for Beverage in Served in Cups

15ºC ± 1ºC

Since beverages are in containers, there is no water supply.
(a) Machines serving cold only: all compartments for cold storage(b) Machines serving hot & cold with 2 compartments: all compartments forcold storage, or one compartment for cold storage & the other for hot
storage(c) Machines serving hot & cold with 3 compartments: 2 compartments forcold storage and the other for hot storage (*2)

There is no internal storage compartment setting, because beverages areprepared for each sale.

Setting of Internal Storage
Compartments(a) Machines serving cold only: all compartments for cold
storage(b) Machines serving hot or cold: all compartments forcold storage(c) Machines serving hot & cold: half of the compartments
for cold storage and the rest for hot storage (*1)

Loaded Goods

Goods having the greatest load

Cold storage: 250 ml paper container, Hot storage: 350 ml can

Raw materials of the goods that result in the largest energy consumption

Cold storage: 4ºC ± 2ºC
Hot storage: 55ºC ± 2ºC

Cold storage: 5ºC ± 4ºC (*3)
Hot storage: 55ºC ± 4ºC

Cold beverages:

Temperature of Goods Sold

5ºC or lower (with ice)
10ºC or lower (without ice)

Hot beverages:First cup is 65ºC or higher, second and following cups are 70ºC or

higher.
Operating Conditions
Goods Selling Test

Normal operation mode including power-saving functions (*4)
2 cans/bottles from each column

Lighting Time

Continuous sales of 30 minutes for both cold and hot beverages
12 hours

Dimming Control

Dimming level at the default setting

Power Supply Frequency
Measurement Conditions
and Calculation Formula

Type A: 2 packs/cans from each column
Type B: 1 pack/can from each column

Either 50 Hz or 60 Hz which results in larger energy consumption
WA: energy consumption in 24 hours after startup
WB: energy consumption in 24 hours following WA
WF: energy consumption of lighting per day
Energy consumption per day: Wd
Wd = (WA + WB × 13)/14 + WF
Annual energy consumption = Wd × 365[Machines serving cold only, Machines serving hot & cold with 3
compartments]
Same as those for vending machines for canned/bottled beverages[Machines serving hot & cold machine with 2 compartments]
WA1: energy consumption in 24 hours after startup with all compartments
set for cold storage
WB1: energy consumption in 24 hours following WA with all compartments
set for cold storage
WA2: energy consumption in 24 hours after startup with one compartment
set for cold storage and the other set for hot storage
WB2: energy consumption in 24 hours following WA with one compartment
set for cold storage and the other set for hot storage
WF: energy consumption of lighting per day
Energy consumption per day with cold/cold setting: Wd1
Wd1 = (WA1 + WB1 × 13)/14 + WF
Energy consumption per day with hot/cold setting: Wd2
Wd2 = (WA2 + WB2 × 13)/14 + WF
Annual energy consumption = Wd1 × 275 + Wd2 × 90

Note(*1) If compartments cannot be divided into two groups,
an excess compartment shall be set for cold storage.
In the case of 3 compartments, the middle
compartment is set for cold storage.

(*2) Middle compartment is set for cold storage. If both of the others arecapable of hot setting, the compartment having a greater net internal
volume shall be set for cold storage.
(*3) Compartments for cold goods shall be set so as to keep all of the goods inthe specified temperature.

WA: energy consumption in standby per day
WBH: energy consumption per selling a cup of hot beverage
WBC: energy consumption per selling a cup of cold beverage
WF: energy consumption of lighting per day
H: Average sales quantity of hot beverages per day
C: Average sales quantity of cold beverages per day
HC
Cold only
050
Hot only
50
0
Hot & Cold
25
25
Energy consumption per day: Wd
Wd = WA + WBH × H + WBC × C + WF
Annual energy consumption = Wd × 365(*4) Concerning power-saving functions such as a “human sensor” and “weekly
timer,” if they are the default as shipped, the vending machines shall bemeasured with the default settings.

(Reference 2)
Summary of Changes in Measurement Method for Vending Machines
Item

Setting
Conditions

Ambient
Temperature
Temperature of
Supply Water
Setting ofInternal Storage
Compartments

Type of Vending
Current Measurement Method
Machines
Can/bottle
Paper container
Clearance from the wall and the left, right, front, rear andCup
top of vending machine shall be at least 30 cm.
Can/bottle
Paper Container 15ºC ± 2ºC
Cup
Cup

Changes

Reason for Change

Clearance from the wall shall be
at least 30 cm on the left, right,
front and top of vending
machine, and at least 5 cm (10cm for the cup type) on the rear.

To bring the setting condition closer to the reality, the clearance between the wall and the rearsurface is changed to 5 cm. Because of supply water piping, vending machines for beverages
served in cups need a wider rear space than those for canned/bottled beverages and those forbeverages in paper containers; therefore, the clearance in the rear is set to 10 cm.

15ºC ± 1ºC
Since the temperature of supply water has a significant impact on energy consumption, thetolerance is narrowed as much as possible.

15ºC ± 5ºC

15ºC ± 1ºC

Can/bottle(a) Machines serving cold only: all compartments for cold
storage(b) Machines serving hot or cold: all compartments forcold storage(c) Machines serving hot & cold: half of the compartments
for cold storage and the rest for hot storage (Ifcompartments cannot be divided into two groups, anexcess compartment shall be set for cold storage. In
the case of 3 compartments, the middle compartment
is set for cold storage.)

Same as at present

Since FY 1999, vending machines serving hot or cold have barely been shipped. In addition, ahearing conducted to vending machine service companies revealed that these machines are usedin the same manner as those serving cold only. Vending machines serving hot or cold are
therefore measured with all compartments set for cold storage in the same way as at present.
As a result of a hearing conducted to vending machine service companies on the reality ofoperations, the response was obtained that the current measurement condition is appropriate,taking account of the sales ratio between cold and hot beverages. Even though the seasonalvariations are taken into consideration, it is thought to be appropriate to set the percentage ofcold beverages greater than that of hot beverages.

Paper container(a) Machines serving cold only: all compartments for cold
storage(b) Machines serving hot & cold with 2 compartments: allcompartments for cold storage, or one compartment forcold storage and the other for hot storage(c) Machines serving hot & cold with 3 compartments: 2compartments for cold storage and the other for hot
storage (The middle compartment is set for cold
storage. If both of the others are capable of hot
setting, the compartment having a greater net internal
volume shall be set for cold storage.)

Same as at present

As a result of a hearing conducted to vending machine service companies on the reality ofoperations, the response was obtained that there are hardly any vending machines for beveragein paper containers in a hot setting. At certain locations, however, some of the machines are set
for hot storage. Thus, the current setting ratio between cold and hot is thought to beappropriate.

30Temperature ofGoods Sold

Can, Bottle

Cold storage: 4ºC ± 3ºC
Hot storage: 55ºC ± 3ºC

Cold storage: 4ºC ± 2ºC
Hot storage: 55ºC ± 2ºC

Considering a survey result on the temperature of goods sold in each column of vending
machines for canned/bottled beverages, it was decided to narrow the tolerance from 3ºC to 2ºC.
Current
Vender A
Vender B
Vender C
tolerance
30 selections 25 selections
20 selections
Can, Cold4±3
4.1 ± 0.8
3.9 ± 0.8
4.5 ± 1.4
Can, Hot55 ± 355.1 ± 1.3
54.9 ± 1.1
55.3 ± 1.2
As for vending machines for beverage in paper containers, the survey result on thetemperature of goods sold in each column indicated that it is difficult to narrow the tolerance,
and thus it remains the same as at present.
Vender A
Vender B
Vender C
Current
tolerance
24 selections 25 selections 20 selections
Paper container,
5.3 ± 1.65±4
5.1 ± 0.8
5.6 ± 2.0Type A , Cold
Paper container,
55 ± 453.6 ± 356.8 ± 3.4
53.3 ± 3.4
Type A , Hot
Current
tolerance
5±4Vender A

Vender B

Vender C

Paper container,
5.3 ± 2.7
4.7 ± 2.3
5.7 ± 3.1
Type B , Cold
Paper container,
55 ± 456.2 ± 1.6
54.3 ± 3.1
Type B , Hot(Note)
Paper container, Type A: vending machines with goods selection by using dummies
Paper container, Type B: vending machines with goods selection by using actual goods
Cold beverages: 5ºC or lower (with ice)
10ºC or lower (without ice)
Hot beverages: 65ºC or higher.

Cold beverages:
5ºC or lower (with ice)
10ºC or lower (without ice)
Hot beverages:
First cup is 65ºC or higher,
second and following cups are
70ºC or higher.

As for the first cup, the beverage runs through cold pipes experiencing a big temperature drop.
For this reason, the specification remains the same as at present. For the second and following
cups, the pipes being already warmed, high temperature of beverage can be maintained.
Therefore, the specification is revised to 70ºC or higher.

2 cans/bottles from each column

Same as at present

Statistics of vending machines for canned/bottled beverages in FY 2005:
Sales values: 2,349,062,100,000 yen … (a)Installed machines: 2,280,000 units … (b)Unit price of goods: 130 yen … (c)（(a) / (b)）/ 365 days / (c) ≈ 22 bottles (daily sales quantity per machine)
Sales quantity per column, assuming an average number of columns to be 27:
22 bottles / 27 columns ≈ 0.8 bottles (sales quantity per column)
From the above, the slightly higher estimation of 2 bottles is thought to be appropriate for thesales quantity per column.

Paper Container Type A: 2 packs from each column
Type B: 1 pack from each column

Same as at present

Statistics of vending machines for beverage in paper containers in FY 2005:
Sales values: 172,380,780,000 yen … (a)Installed machines: 181,000 units … (b)Unit price of goods: 100 yen … (c)（(a) / (b)） / 365 days / (c) ≈ 26 packs (daily sales quantity per machine)
Average number of columns on Type A machines: 21 columns
26 packs / 21 columns ≈ 1.2 packs (sales quantity per column)
Average number of columns on Type B machines: 42 columns
26 packs / 42 columns ≈ 0.6 packs (sales quantity per column)
From the above, the current sales quantity is thought to be appropriate.

Can, Bottle
12 hours (per day)
Paper Container
CupSame as at present

As a hearing conducted to vending machine service companies on the reality of operations, theresponse was obtained that the average lighting time is shorter than 12 hours, because theincreasing number of vending machines always turn off the lighting in indoor locations andbecause vending machines installed in outdoor locations control the lighting by using timer
settings. Thus, the slightly higher estimation of 12 hours (per day) is thought to be appropriate.

Cup

Goods Selling
Test

Lighting Time

Can, Bottle

31

Attachment 6

Vending Machines Evaluation Standard Subcommittee,
Energy Efficiency Standards Subcommittee ofthe Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy
Background of Holding

1st Subcommittee Meeting (November 9, 2006)▪ Opening of Vending Machines Evaluation Standard Subcommittee▪ Achievement status of vending machines▪ Current status of vending machines▪ Target scope of vending machines▪ Energy consumption efficiency of vending machines and the measurement method
2nd Subcommittee Meeting (December 26, 2006)▪ Energy consumption efficiency of vending machines and the measurement method▪ Cigarette vending machines
3rd Subcommittee Meeting (April 11, 2007)▪ Categories of vending machines for target setting▪ Concept on the target standard values for vending machines
4th Subcommittee Meeting (April 26, 2007)▪ Target standard values for vending machines▪ Interim report
Interim report was open for public comments during the period from May 2, 2007 through June 4,
2007; however, no particular comment was received. Thus, it was adopted as the final report.

32

Attachment 7

Vending Machines Evaluation Standard Subcommittee,
Energy Efficiency Standards Subcommittee ofthe Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy
List of Members

Chairman:

Eiji Hihara

Professor, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The Universityof TokyoMembers

Misao Harine

Deputy Technical Director,
Manufacturers Association

Yuji Karino

Member of Food Safety
Merchandising Association

Kyoichi Kudo

General Manager, Technology
Conservation Center, Japan

Yoshiaki Shibata

Executive Researcher, Jyukankyo Research Institute Inc.

Kikuko Tatsumi

Managing Director & Chairperson of Environment Committee,
Nippon Association of Consumer Specialists

Yosinori TaniManager, Vending Machine Development Group,
Research and Development Center, Coca-Cola Co., Ltd.

Osami Tsukamoto

Professor, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National
University

Satoshi Hirano

Executive Researcher, Thermal Energy Applications Group,
Energy Technology Research Institute, National Institute ofAdvanced Industrial Science and Technology

33

Japan

Vending

MachineCommittee,

Japan

Automatic

Department,

The

EnergyTokyo