U-M Press EBook Collection Accessibility
Conformance Report International Edition(Based on VPAT® Version 2.4)

Name of Product/Version: Fulcrum v3.9.1 University of Michigan Press
EBook Collection (UMP EBC)
Product Description: The UMP EBC is a comprehensive collection of
the University of Michigan Press’s scholarly ebooks for sale to libraries,
hosted on the Fulcrum platform. The collection includes over 1,400 titles
comprised of new UMP scholarly ebook titles, at least 80 new books ayear, and over 1,000 backlist titles.
Report Date: January 2023
Contact Information: fulcrum-info@umich.edu
Evaluation Methods Used: NVDA with Mozilla Firefox, VoiceOver with
Safari, Axe Accessibility Chrome extension, Zoom Text Only Chrome
extension, OpenDyslexic Font - Helperbird Chrome extension, WebAIM
Color Contrast Checker, Windows accessibility settings (high contrast),
manual keyboard checks, Ace by DAISY Accessibility Checker for
EPUB, Adobe Acrobat DC
Notes:
Web conformance for this report was generated by evaluating thefollowing titles on Fulcrum: Selma and the Liuzzo Murder Trials: The
First Modern Civil Rights Convictions by James P. Turner, Empires inWorld History: Power and the Politics of Difference by Jane Burbank andFrederick Cooper, Show Sold Separately: Promos, Spoilers, and OtherMedia Paratexts by Jonathan Gray, and A Mid-Republican House From
Gabii.

Electronic document conformance for this report was generated byevaluating the accessibility of the following titles in the UMP EBC:
• Handiland: The Crippest Place on Earth• Resisting Spirits: Drama Reform and Cultural Transformation in the
People's Republic of China• Campaign Finance and Political Polarization: When Purists Prevail• Stamping the American Memory: Collectors, Citizens, and the Post
• Good Vibrations: Brian Wilson and the Beach Boys in Critical
Perspective• Animal Acts: Performing Species Today, Developing Writers in
Higher Education: A Longitudinal Study• For Dear Life: Women's Decriminalization and Human Rights in
Focus• Cueva Blanca: Social Change in the Archaic of the Valley of
OaxacaThis report supersedes the UMP EBC Accessibility Conformance Report
VPAT 2.4 released in June 2021.

Page 2 of 69

Applicable Standards/Guidelines
This report covers the degree of conformance for the following
accessibility standard/guidelines:
Standard/Guideline

Included in Report

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 or WCAG 2.0 (ISO/IEC
40500)

Level A – Yes

Level AA – Yes
Jump to WCAG 2.0 Level A Report
Level AAA – Yes
Jump to WCAG 2.0 Level AA Report

Jump to WCAG 2.0 Level AAA Report

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 or WCAG 2.1

Level A – No

Level AA – No

Level AAA – No

Revised Section 508 standards – the U.S. Federal accessibility
standard, published by the U.S. Access Board in the Federal
Register on January 18, 2017 and corrected on January 22, 2018

Jump to Revised Section 508 Report

Page 3 of 69

YesEN 301 549 Accessibility requirements suitable for public
procurement of ICT products and services in Europe, V2.1.2(2018-08)

Jump to EN 301 549 Report

Page 4 of 69

YesTerms
The terms used in the Conformance Level information are defined asfollows:
●

●

●

●
●

Supports: The functionality of the product has at least one methodthat meets the criterion without known defects or meets withequivalent facilitation.
Partially Supports: Some functionality of the product does notmeet the criterion.
Does Not Support: The majority of product functionality does notmeet the criterion.
Not Applicable: The criterion is not relevant to the product.
Not Evaluated: The product has not been evaluated against thecriterion. This can be used only in WCAG 2.0 Level AAA.

Page 5 of 69

WCAG 2.0 Report
Tables 1 and 2 also document conformance with:●●

EN 301 549: Chapter 9 – Web, Chapter 10 – Non-Web
documents, Section 11 – Software, and Section 12 –Documentation and Support Services.
Revised Section 508: Chapter 5 – 501.1 Scope, 504.2 Content
Creation or Editing, and Chapter 6 – 602.3 Electronic Support
Documentation.

Note: When reporting on conformance with the WCAG 2.0 Success
Criteria, they are scoped for full pages, complete processes, andaccessibility-supported ways of using technology as documented in the
WCAG 2.0 Conformance Requirements.

Page 6 of 69

Table 1: Success Criteria, Level A
Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

1.1.1 Non-text Content (Level A)

Web: PartiallySupports

Form fields and buttons include
labels. Images have capability for
alt-text and image descriptions.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria● 9.1.1.1 (Web)● 10.1.1.1 (Non-web
document)● 11.1.1.1.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)● 11.1.1.1.2 (Closed
Functionality Software)● 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)● 12.1.2 (Product Docs)● 12.2.4 (Support Docs)

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Revised Section 508● 501 (Web)(Software)● 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

Page 7 of 69

All titles published after 2019contain at least basic textual
descriptions of images, howeverthese descriptions are only
contained within EPUB files. Titles
published in 2022 and after
contain long descriptions ofimages. Disability Studies titles
published between 2015-2018
contain textual descriptions ofimages in EPUB files through alt
text. All other titles published
before 2019 do not contain textual
descriptions of images. PDF
downloads do not include alt-text
and image descriptions forimages.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

1.2.1 Audio-only and Video-only(Prerecorded) (Level A)

Web: PartiallySupports

Also applies to:Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

The web video player supports
transcripts and audio descriptions
when provided by the publisher.
The web audio player supports
transcripts when provided by the
publisher.

EN 301 549 Criteria
•
•
•
•

•
•
•

All audio and video associatedwith books produced after 2018
have transcripts or captions
available. Video associated withbooks produced after 2020 haveboth captions and audio
descriptions available. Video andaudio players embedded in theFulcrum E-Reader support audio
descriptions but do not support
transcripts. Embedded players
provide links to the full video andaudio players on the Fulcrum
website where transcripts can beaccessed. Video and audio
players embedded in EPUB
downloads support audio
descriptions but do not support
transcripts and do not include
working links to the full video
players.

9.1.2.1 (Web)10.1.2.1 (Non-web
document)
11.1.2.1.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)
11.1.2.1.2.1 and11.1.2.1.2.2 (Closed
Software)11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)
12.1.2 (Product Docs)
12.2.4 (Support Docs)

Revised Section 508•••

501 (Web)(Software)504.2 (Authoring Tool)
602.3 (Support Docs)

Page 8 of 69

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

1.2.2 Captions (Prerecorded)(Level A)

Web: PartiallySupports

The web video player supports
captions when provided by the
publisher. Video players
embedded in the Fulcrum EReader and EPUB downloads
support captions when provided.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.1.2.2 (Web)• 10.1.2.2 (Non-web
document)• 11.1.2.2 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.1.2.2 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)• 602.3 (Support Docs)
1.2.3 Audio Description orMedia Alternative (Prerecorded)(Level A)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.1.2.3 (Web)• 10.1.2.3 (Non-web
document)• 11.1.2.3.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.1.2.3.2 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

All video associated with books
produced after 2018 havetranscripts or captions available.
Video associated with books
produced after 2020 havecaptions available.

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Page 9 of 69

The web video player supports
transcripts and audio descriptions
when provided by the publisher.

All video associated with books
produced after 2018 havetranscripts or captions available.
Video associated with books
produced after 2020 have both
captions and audio descriptions
available. Video players
embedded in the Fulcrum EReader support audio descriptions
but do not support transcripts.
Embedded video players provide
links to the full video players on
the Fulcrum website wheretranscripts can be accessed.
Video players embedded in EPUB

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

downloads support audio
descriptions but do not support
transcripts and do not include
working links to the full video
players.

1.3.1 Info and Relationships(Level A)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.1.3.1 (Web)• 10.1.3.1 (Non-web
document)• 11.1.3.1.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.1.3.1.2 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)• 602.3 (Support Docs)

Web: PartiallySupports

Most of the information, structure,and relationships can be
programmatically determined.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Exceptions:Page 10 of 69

For most books (over 99% of thecollection), in the Fulcrum EReader and in EPUB downloads,
chapters and subheadings aretagged, but accuracy of heading
structure will vary depending on
publisher. For EPUBs published
before 2021, endnotes andbibliographic entries in somebooks are not tagged withappropriate ARIA child or parent
roles. Fixed layout books (lessthan 1% of the collection) are notCriteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

tagged. PDF downloads include
bookmarks for chapters andsubsections but are untagged, so
information, structure, andrelationships cannot be
programmatically determined.

On monograph catalog pages, thebook description is the default tab
and it’s not immediately obvious toscreen reader users based on thelisting of headings and links that
other tabs exist. The tabs and tab
panels however are accessible
and functional to screen reader
technology and keyboard-onlyusers.

1.3.2 Meaningful Sequence(Level A)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.1.3.2 (Web)• 10.1.3.2 (Non-web
document)• 11.1.3.2.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.1.3.2.2 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Most EPUB downloads, except for
fixed layout books (less than 1%of the collection), are tagged andcontent is ordered in a meaningful
sequence. PDF downloads areuntagged so a correct tab andreading order cannot be specified.

Also see comments for 1.3.1.

Page 11 of 69

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

1.3.3 Sensory Characteristics(Level A)

Web: PartiallySupports

Most controls provide text labels
not solely sensory characteristics.
See exceptions above for 1.3.1(links in the Fulcrum E-Reader).

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.1.3.3 (Web)• 10.1.3.3 (Non-web
document)• 11.1.3.3 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.1.3.3 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)• 602.3 (Support Docs)
1.4.1 Use of Color (Level A)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.1.4.1 (Web)• 10.1.4.1 (Non-web
document)• 11.1.4.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.1.4.1 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Color is only used as a decorative
or supplemental attribute of userinterface elements. A textual
representation is always used as
the primary mechanism forconveying information.

Exceptions:
In the Fulcrum E-Reader, whensearching inside a book andfollowing a search result to its
occurrence in the text, thematched result is only indicatedthrough highlighting of thematched text.

Page 12 of 69

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

Color may be used to convey
meaning in images and videos
inside books.

1.4.2 Audio Control (Level A)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.1.4.2 (Web)• 10.1.4.2 (Non-web
document)• 11.1.4.2 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.1.4.2 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

Page 13 of 69

There is no audio that plays
automatically. The video player
provides capabilities for pausing
and adjusting the volume of video
content with keyboard control andlabels for screen reader access.

Criteria

2.1.1 Keyboard (Level A)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.2.1.1 (Web)• 10.2.1.1 (Non-web
document)• 11.2.1.1.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.2.1.1.2 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)• 602.3 (Support Docs)

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

Web: Supports

Fulcrum supports standard
keyboard navigation and input
functions (such as pressing [Tab]to move between input fields,pressing the arrow keys to move
between list items, and pressing[Space] or [Enter] to makeselections).

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Exceptions:
Most EPUB downloads, except for
fixed layout books (less than 1%of the collection), are tagged andsupport standard keyboard
navigation. PDF downloads areuntagged and do not support
keyboard navigation throughheadings and elements, though
bookmarks allow navigation
through chapters.

Page 14 of 69

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

2.1.2 No Keyboard Trap (Level
A)

Web: Supports

Fulcrum supports standard
keyboard navigation. Keyboard
users cannot be trapped in a
subset of content.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.2.1.2 (Web)• 10.2.1.2 (Non-web
document)• 11.2.1.2 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.2.1.2 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)
2.2.1 Timing Adjustable (Level
A)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.2.2.1 (Web)• 10.2.2.1 (Non-web
document)• 11.2.2.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.2.2.1 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

Web: Not
Applicable

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Page 15 of 69

There are no time limits set oncontent.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide (Level A)

Web: Not
Applicable

There is no moving, blinking,scrolling, or auto-updating
information that starts
automatically.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.2.2.2 (Web)• 10.2.2.2 (Non-web
document)• 11.2.2.2 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.2.2.2 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

2.3.1 Three Flashes or Below
Threshold (Level A)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.2.3.1 (Web)• 10.2.3.1 (Non-web
document)• 11.2.3.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.2.3.1(Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

Page 16 of 69

The only content that flashes
more than three times in a second
is the loading animation for the
PDF E-Reader on the Fulcrumsite (approximately 15% of the
publications in this collection open
in the PDF E-Reader). There is no
flashing content in downloads.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

2.4.1 Bypass Blocks (Level A)

Web: Supports

A hidden link (available to screen
readers) allows users to skip to
the main content of each page.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.2.4.1 (Web)• 10.2.4.1 (Non-web
document) – Does not
apply• 11.2.4.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)– Does not apply• 11.2.4.1 (Closed
Software) – Does not
apply• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software) –Does not apply to nonweb software• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs) –Does not apply to non-web
docsElectronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Page 17 of 69

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

2.4.2 Page Titled (Level A)

Web: Supports

Web pages have descriptive titles
that indicate the content of each
page.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.2.4.2 (Web)• 10.2.4.2 (Non-web
document)• 11.2.4.2 (OpenFunctionality Software)- Does not apply• 11.2.4.2 (Closed
Software) – Does not
apply• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)
2.4.3 Focus Order (Level A)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.2.4.3 (Web)• 10.2.4.3 (Non-web
document)• 11.2.4.3 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.2.4.3 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

EPUB downloads specify adescriptive title. Some PDF
downloads do not specify adescriptive title.

Pages use a logical tab order that
preserves meaning and operability
with some exceptions. Most EPUB
downloads (over 99% of thecollection) are tagged and ensure
correct tab and reading order.
Exceptions:
EPUB downloads of fixed layout
books are untagged. PDF
downloads are untagged and do
not specify a tab or reading order.

Page 18 of 69

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context)(Level A)

Web: PartiallySupports

Fulcrum supports functionality fordescriptive label attributes forlinks. Quality of link labels will varyby publication and book, but mostare descriptive in context.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.2.4.4 (Web)• 10.2.4.4 (Non-web
document)• 11.2.4.4 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.2.4.4 (Closed
Software• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)• 602.3 (Support Docs)
3.1.1 Language of Page (Level
A)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.3.1.1 (Web)• 10.3.1.1 (Non-web
document)• 11.3.1.1.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.3.1.1.2 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Fulcrum uses the language
attribute on the HTML element tospecify the default language ofeach page.

Fixed layout books (less than 1%of the collection) do not specify alanguage attribute for the text
inside the book.

Some PDF downloads do not
specify a language attribute.

Page 19 of 69

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

3.2.1 On Focus (Level A)

Web: Supports

When any component receives
focus, it does not initiate a changeof context.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.3.2.1 (Web)• 10.3.2.1 (Non-web
document)• 11.3.2.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.3.2.1 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

3.2.2 On Input (Level A)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.3.2.2 (Web)• 10.3.2.2 (Non-web
document)• 11.3.2.2 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.3.2.2 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

Page 20 of 69

Changing the setting of acomponent does not initiate achange of context.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

3.3.1 Error Identification (Level
A)

Web: Not
Applicable

There are no opportunities for
input errors.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.3.3.1 (Web)• 10.3.3.1 (Non-web
document)• 11.3.3.1.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.3.3.1.2 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)• 602.3 (Support Docs)
3.3.2 Labels or Instructions(Level A)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.3.3.2 (Web)• 10.3.3.2 (Non-web
document)• 11.3.3.2 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.3.3.2 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

Page 21 of 69

Labels are provided for elements
requiring user input.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

4.1.1 Parsing (Level A)

Web: Supports

Fulcrum uses semantically-correct
markup for all interface elements.
The markup is programmaticallygenerated to prevent parsing
errors.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.4.1.1 (Web)• 10.4.1.1 (Non-web
document)• 11.4.1.1.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.4.1.1.2 (Closed
Software) – Does not
apply• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)• 602.3 (Support Docs)
4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level
A)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.4.1.2 (Web)• 10.4.1.2 (Non-web
document)• 11.4.1.2.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.4.1.2.2 (Closed
Software) – Not
required• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Page 22 of 69

Fulcrum uses standard HTML and
WAI-ARIA attributes to describe
the identity, operation, and stateof user interface elements toAssistive Technologies. See 1.3.3
and 2.4.4 for exceptions.

Table 2: Success Criteria, Level AA
Criteria

1.2.4 Captions (Live) (Level AA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.1.2.4 (Web)• 10.1.2.4 (Non-web
document)• 11.1.2.4 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.1.2.4 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)• 602.3 (Support Docs)
1.2.5 Audio Description(Prerecorded) (Level AA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.1.2.5 (Web)• 10.1.2.5 (Non-web
document)• 11.1.2.5 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.1.2.5 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

Web: Not
Applicable

Fulcrum does not include live
video and audio content.

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Page 23 of 69

The web video player supports
audio descriptions when provided
by the publisher.

Video associated with books
produced after 2020 have audio
descriptions available. Video
players embedded in the Fulcrum
E-Reader and in EPUB
downloads support audio
descriptions.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum) (Level
AA)

Web: PartiallySupports

The visual presentation of text ininterface elements and mostbooks present sufficient color
contrast. Some images in books
may not present sufficient color
contrast. Some books do notpresent sufficient color contrast forpage numbers in the Fulcrum EReader and EPUB downloads.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.1.4.3 (Web)• 10.1.4.3 (Non-web
document)• 11.1.4.3 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.1.4.3 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Web: Supports
1.4.4 Resize text (Level AA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.1.4.4 (Web)• 10.1.4.4 (Non-web
document)• 11.1.4.4.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.1.4.4.2 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)• 602.3 (Support Docs)

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Fulcrum supports standard zoom
capabilities built into modern web
browsers and operating systems.

The Fulcrum E-Reader has abuilt-in zoom feature allowing text
to be resized up to 400%.

Text in non-fixed layout EPUB
downloads (over 99% of thecollection) can be resized. Text in
fixed layout EPUB downloads and
PDF downloads cannot be resized
except through zooming in on theimage.

Page 24 of 69

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

1.4.5 Images of Text (Level AA)

Web: Supports

The Fulcrum platform does notuse images of text, with the
exception of logos that areproperly indicated as such toassistive technology. Fixed layout
books can be displayed as page
images or as text only.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.1.4.5 (Web)• 10.1.4.5 (Non-web
document)• 11.1.4.5.1 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.1.4.5.2 (Closed
Software) – Does not
apply• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)
2.4.5 Multiple Ways (Level AA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.2.4.5 (Web)• 10.2.4.5 (Non-web
document) – Does not
apply• 11.2.4.5 (OpenFunctionality Software)– Does not apply• 11.2.4.5 (Closed
Software) – Does not
apply• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software) –Does not apply to nonweb software• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Most downloads do not use
images of text, except for EPUB
downloads of fixed layout books(less than 1% of the collection).

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Page 25 of 69

The Fulcrum platform provides
navigation links, search functions,table of contents, embedded
media, and links to media from theFulcrum E-Reader and frommonograph catalog pages.

Criteria•

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

Web: PartiallySupports

Fulcrum provides capabilities fordefining descriptive headings andlabels.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Quality of headings and labels
may vary by publication. Most
publications, except for fixedlayout publications (less than 1%of the collection), include
descriptive headings. Fixed layout
publications do not include
headings but do include table ofcontents. Most EPUB downloads,
except for fixed layout
publications, include descriptive
heading tags. PDF downloads do
not include heading tags but do

602.3 (Support Docs) –Does not apply to nonweb docs

2.4.6 Headings and Labels(Level AA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.2.4.6 (Web)• 10.2.4.6 (Non-web
document)• 11.2.4.6 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.2.4.6 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

Page 26 of 69

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

include bookmarks for chapter
headings.
See additional exceptions tolabels at 1.3.3 and 2.4.4.

2.4.7 Focus Visible (Level AA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.2.4.7 (Web)• 10.2.4.7 (Non-web
document)• 11.2.4.7 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.2.4.7 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)• 602.3 (Support Docs)

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

Page 27 of 69

Visual changes are applied toelements to indicate the current
position of focus.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

3.1.2 Language of Parts (Level
AA)

Web: Does Not
Support

While Fulcrum supports tagging of
language attributes for all
elements except for some
metadata fields, most publicationsin this collection do not include
language of parts tagging.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.3.1.2 (Web)• 10.3.1.2 (Non-web
document)• 11.3.1.2 (OpenFunctionality Software)– Does not apply• 11.3.1.2 (Closed
Software) – Does not
apply• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)
3.2.3 Consistent Navigation(Level AA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.3.2.3 (Web)• 10.3.2.3 (Non-web
document) – Does not
apply• 11.3.2.3 (OpenFunctionality Software)– Does not apply• 11.3.2.3 (Closed
Software) – Does not
apply• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

EPUBs and EPUB downloads oftitles published beginning in 2021
include language of parts tagging.
If any of these titles do not include
language of parts tagging, it isindicated in EPUB metadata.

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Page 28 of 69

Navigation mechanisms are
consistent across pages.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

Web: Supports

The Fulcrum platform provides
consistent identification acrosspages for components that havethe same functionality.

•●

501 (Web)(Software) –Does not apply to nonweb software• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)
602.3 (Support Docs) –Does not apply to non-web
docs

3.2.4 Consistent Identification(Level AA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.3.2.4 (Web)• 10.3.2.4 (Non-web
document) – Does not
apply• 11.3.2.4 (OpenFunctionality Software)– Does not apply• 11.3.2.4 (Closed
Software) – Does not
apply• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software) –Does not apply to nonweb software

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Page 29 of 69

Criteria••

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

Web: Not
Applicable

There are no opportunities for
input errors.

504.2 (Authoring Tool)
602.3 (Support Docs) –Does not apply to nonweb docs

3.3.3 Error Suggestion (Level
AA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.3.3.3 (Web)• 10.3.3.3 (Non-web
document)• 11.3.3.3 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.3.3.3 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)● 602.3 (Support Docs)

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Page 30 of 69

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

3.3.4 Error Prevention (Legal,
Financial, Data) (Level AA)

Web: Not
Applicable

There are no web pages thatinvolve legal commitments orfinancial transactions, modify ordelete user-controllable data, or
submit user test responses.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria• 9.3.3.4 (Web)• 10.3.3.4 (Non-web
document)• 11.3.3.4 (OpenFunctionality Software)• 11.3.3.4 (Closed
Software)• 11.8.2 (Authoring Tool)• 12.1.2 (Product Docs)• 12.2.4 (Support Docs)
Revised Section 508• 501 (Web)(Software)• 504.2 (Authoring Tool)• 602.3 (Support Docs)

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Page 31 of 69

Table 3: Success Criteria, Level AAA
Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

1.2.6 Sign Language(Prerecorded) (Level AAA)

Web: Does Not
SupportThe video and audio content in thiscollection does not provide sign
language translation.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply

Electronic
Documents: Does
Not Support

1.2.7 Extended Audio
Description (Prerecorded) (Level
AAA)

Web: Does Not
SupportAlso applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply
1.2.8 Media Alternative(Prerecorded) (Level AAA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply

Extended audio description is notsupported.

Electronic
Documents: Does
Not Support

Web: PartiallySupports
Electronic
Documents:
Partially Supports

Page 32 of 69

The web video and audio players
support transcripts and text-based
audio descriptions when provided
by the publisher. All audio andvideo associated with books
produced after 2018 havetranscripts or captions available.
Video and audio players
embedded in the Fulcrum EReader do not support audio
descriptions but do not support
transcripts. Embedded players
provide links to the full video or
audio players on the Fulcrum
website. Video and audio players
embedded in EPUB downloads
support audio descriptions but donot support transcripts and do notCriteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

include working links to the fullvideo or audio players.

1.2.9 Audio-only (Live) (LevelAAA)

Not Applicable

There is no live audio content.

Web: PartiallySupports

Main text content of platform andmost publications meets enhanced
contrast ratio (black on white).

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria– Does not
apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply
1.4.6 Contrast Enhanced (Level
AAA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply

1.4.7 Low or No Background
Audio (Level AAA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply

Electronic
Documents:
Partially Supports

Web: PartiallySupports
Electronic
Documents:
Partially Supports

Page 33 of 69

Text in some of the headings,
labels, buttons and indicators does
not meet enhanced contrast ratio.
Some scanned books may notpresent sufficient color contrast,
depending on the quality of thescan. Some images in books may
not present sufficient color
contrast. Some books do notpresent sufficient color contrast forpage numbers in the Fulcrum EReader and EPUB downloads.
Level of background audio willvary by publication and media
resource. No mechanism to turnoff background audio is supported.

Criteria

1.4.8 Visual Presentation (Level
AAA)
1. Foreground andbackground colors can beselected by the user.
2. Width is no more than 80
characters or glyphs (40 if
CJK).
3. Text is not justified (aligned
to both the left and the rightmargins).
4. Line spacing (leading) is atleast space-and-a-half
within paragraphs, andparagraph spacing is atleast 1.5 times larger thanthe line spacing.
5. Text can be resized without
assistive technology up to
200 percent in a way that
does not require the user
to scroll horizontally to reada line of text on a fullscreen window.

Conformance
Level

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Web:
Does notsupportPartially
Supports
Partially
Supports
Does notsupportPartially
Supports
Electronic
Documents
Does notsupportPartially
Supports
Partially
Supports
Partially
Supports
Partially
Supports

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply

Page 34 of 69

Remarks and Explanations

1. Foreground andbackground colors cannot
be selected by the user,
except through operating
system or browser settings.
2. Paragraphs of text exceed
80 characters in width bydefault but can be resized
to be under 80 charactersin reflowable EPUB
publications (over 99% of
the collection).
3. Text is not justified in the
web interface but isjustified for mostpublications in the Fulcrum
E-Reader (except for textonly OCR view for fixedlayout publications) and in
most PDF downloads.
Justification in EPUB
downloads can be modified
if supported by the EPUB
reader.
4. Line spacing is under 1.5
and paragraph spacing isequal to the line spacing.
Some EPUB readers may
allow line and paragraphspacing to be modified for
EPUB downloads.
5. For reflowable EPUB
publications, text can beresized without assistive
technology (throughoperating system orbrowser settings orextensions, and throughthe zoom settings in theCriteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

reader) up to 200 percent
in a way that does not
require the user to scroll
horizontally to read a line oftext on a full-screen
window. For fixed layout
EPUB and PDF
publications and PDF
downloads, text cannot be
resized without assistive
technology in a way that
doesn’t require the user toscroll horizontally.
1.4.9 Images of Text (NoException) Control (Level AAA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply

Web: Supports
Electronic
Documents:
Partially Supports

The Fulcrum platform does not use
images of text, with the exceptionof logos which are properly
identified as logos to assistive
technology. Fixed layout books
can be displayed as page images
or as text only.

Most downloads do not use
images of text, except for EPUB
downloads of fixed layout books(less than 1% of the collection).

2.1.3 Keyboard (No Exception)(Level AAA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply

Web: Supports
Electronic
Documents:
Partially Supports

Page 35 of 69

See 2.1.1 for exceptions.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

2.2.3 No Timing (Level AAA)

Web: Supports

Webpages, documents, andfeatures do not require timing,
except for non-interactive video
and audio.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply
2.2.4 Interruptions (Level AAA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply
2.2.5 Re-authenticating (Level
AAA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply
2.3.2 Three Flashes (Level AAA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply
2.4.8 Location (Level AAA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

Web: Not
Applicable

There are no interruptions.

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable
Web: Supports
Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Web: PartiallySupports

Authentication sessions do not
expire.

See WCAG 2.3.1 for details.

Electronic
Documents:
Supports
Web: Supports
Electronic
Documents:
Supports

Page 36 of 69

Press, monograph catalog, andmedia pages contain abreadcrumb trail at the top of eachpage. Navigation withinmonograph catalog pages isorganized through tabs, with theselected tab clearly indicated.
Each page provides a link to theFulcrum home page, the press
page, and the main monographCriteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

catalog page as well as anavigation footer. Books in theFulcrum E-Reader indicate
location numbers and page
numbers. EPUB downloads
provide a clickable table ofcontents as well as location
numbers and page numbers. PDF
downloads provide chapter
locations via bookmarks and page
numbers and a footer on eachpage with information about thebook.
2.4.9 Link Purpose (Link Only)(Level AAA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply

2.4.10 Section Headings (Level
AAA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply

Web: Supports
Electronic
Documents:
Partially Supports

Fulcrum supports functionality fordescriptive label attributes forlinks.

Exceptions:
Quality of link labels will vary by
publication. Some books include
links that are not descriptive
without context.
Web: PartiallySupports
Electronic
Documents:
Partially Supports

Section headings are used toorganize HTML content and theFulcrum E-Reader has capability
for chapters and subheadings to
be organized with section
headings.
Exceptions:
In the Fulcrum E-Reader and
EPUB downloads prior to 2021,
chapter headings are listed twice(one heading for the chapter
number and a separate heading

Page 37 of 69

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

for the name of the chapter).
Quality of heading structure varies
by publication and imprint. Fixedlayout publications (less than 1%of the collection) include a table ofcontents but not heading tags.
PDF downloads include chapter
bookmarks but do not include
heading tags.
3.1.3 Unusual Words (Level AAA) Web: PartiallySupports
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – DoesElectronic
not apply
Documents:
Revised Section 508 – Does
Partially Supports
not apply
3.1.4 Abbreviations (Level AAA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply
3.1.5 Reading Level (Level AAA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply
3.1.6 Pronunciation (Level AAA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply

Web: PartiallySupports

The platform does not use unusual
words. Some publications may use
unusual words, and presence of
mechanisms for identifying
definitions (such as glossaries) willvary by publication.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially Supports

The platform does not use
abbreviations. Some publications
may use abbreviations, andpresence of mechanisms for
identifying definitions (such as
glossaries) will vary by publication.

Web: PartiallySupports

Reading level varies by
publication.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially Supports
Web: PartiallySupports
Electronic
Documents:
Partially Supports

Page 38 of 69

Presence of mechanisms for
identifying pronunciation of words
will vary by publication.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

3.2.5 Change on Request (Level
AAA)

Web: Supports

Changes of context are initiatedonly by user request.

Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply
3.3.5 Help (Level AAA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply

3.3.6 Error Prevention (All)(Level AAA)
Also applies to:
EN 301 549 Criteria – Does
not apply
Revised Section 508 – Does
not apply

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Web: Supports
Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Web: Supports
Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Page 39 of 69

Search boxes include suggestions(“Search and discover books”,“Search resources”, “Search inside
text…”). Search filters include
labels that identify the application
or removal of a search filter toassistive technology.
Submissions of text input are
reversible.

Revised Section 508 Report
Chapter 3: Functional Performance Criteria (FPC)
Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

302.1 Without Vision

Web: PartiallySupports

Fulcrum uses standard HTML and
WAI-ARIA attributes to describe
the identity, operation, and stateof user interface elements toAssistive Technologies.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

302.2 With Limited Vision

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

302.3 Without Perception of Color

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Page 40 of 69

See WCAG 1.1.1, 1.2.1, 1.2.3,
1.3.2, 1.3.3, 1.4.5, 2.4.4, 2.4.6 forexceptions.

Fulcrum supports standard
browser magnification andmagnification extensions andprovides sufficient color contrast.

See WCAG 1.2.1, 1.2.3, 1.4.3,
and 1.4.5 for exceptions.

Color is only used as a decorative
or supplemental attribute of userinterface elements.

See WCAG 1.4.1 for exceptions.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

302.4 Without Hearing

Web: PartiallySupports

Audio content includes captions ortranscripts, with exceptions listed
in WCAG 1.2.1 and 1.2.2.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

302.5 With Limited Hearing

Web: PartiallySupports

Audio content includes captions ortranscripts, with exceptions listed
in WCAG 1.2.1 and 1.2.2.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

302.6 Without Speech

Web: Not
Applicable

Fulcrum does not require speech
input.

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

302.7 With Limited Manipulation

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents:

Page 41 of 69

Fulcrum supports keyboard
navigation. See WCAG 2.1.1 forexceptions.

Criteria

302.8 With Limited Reach andStrength

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

Partially
Supports

Usage of the product does not
require fine motor controls nor
simultaneous actions.

Web: Supports

Fulcrum supports keyboard
navigation. See WCAG 2.1.1 forexceptions.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

302.9 With Limited Language,
Cognitive, and Learning Abilities

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Usage of the product does not
require fine motor controls nor
simultaneous actions.

Fulcrum uses a logical focus
order. The interface is consistent,
intuitive, and simple to navigate.
Reading level of publications
varies. Some video and audio
content may not include captions,transcripts, or audio description(see WCAG 1.2.1, 1.2.2, and1.2.3 for details).

Chapter 4: Hardware

Notes: Fulcrum is a web software application and is not subject to therequirements of this section.

Page 42 of 69

Chapter 5: Software
Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

501.1 Scope – Incorporation of
WCAG 2.0 AA

See WCAG 2.0
sectionSee information in WCAG section

502 Interoperability with Assistive
Technology

Heading cell –no response
required

Heading cell – no response
required502.2.1 User Control ofAccessibility Features

Web: Supports

The Fulcrum platform allows user
control of accessibility features,
including text zoom in the reader.
EPUB and PDF downloads can be
opened with any document
reader, though fixed layout EPUB
downloads (less than 1% of thecollection) do not allow resizing or
modification of text.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

502.2.2 No Disruption ofAccessibility Features

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

Page 43 of 69

The Fulcrum platform anddownloads are compatible with
operating system and browser
accessibility features configuredby the user.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

502.3 Accessibility Services

Heading cell –no response
required

Heading cell – no response
required502.3.1 Object Information

Web: PartiallySupports

Fulcrum uses WAI-ARIA attributes
to describe the role, state, anddescription of user interface
elements to Assistive
Technologies.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

502.3.2 Modification of Object
Information

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable502.3.3 Row, Column, andHeaders

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Page 44 of 69

See WCAG 1.1.1, 1.3.3, and 4.1.2
for exceptions.

All user-set states and propertiesare capable of being set
programmatically, including
through assistive technologies.

The quality of row, column, andheader tagging differs by
publication.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

502.3.4 Values

Web: Supports

Fulcrum uses standard HTML or
and ARIA object attributes.

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

502.3.5 Modification of Values

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable502.3.6 Label Relationships

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

502.3.7 Hierarchical Relationships

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:

Page 45 of 69

All user-set input is capable ofbeing set programmatically,
including through assistive
technologies.

Fulcrum uses standard HTML and
WAI-ARIA attributes to describelabel relationships of userinterface elements to assistive
technologies. This includes theuse of “<label>” element and“aria-labelledby” and “aria-label”
attributes.

Fulcrum uses standard HTML
markup to express hierarchicalrelationships.

Criteria

502.3.8 Text

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

Partially
Supports

See WCAG 2.4.6 and 2.4.10 for
exceptions to hierarchical heading
and subheading structures.

Web: Supports

Fulcrum renders most strings as
plain text values in HTML. Fixedlayout EPUB publications (lessthan 1%) can be displayed as
image scans or as text. Fixedlayout EPUB downloads only
include images of text, but the
PDF downloads of the same
publications include machinereadable text.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

502.3.9 Modification of Text

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable502.3.10 List of Actions

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Page 46 of 69

All user-set input is capable ofbeing set programmatically,
including through assistive
technologies.

Fulcrum uses standard HTML and
ARIA object attributes for actions
such as search and filter.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

502.3.11 Actions on Objects

Web: PartiallySupports

Fulcrum allows assistive
technology to programmatically
execute available actions on
objects with the exception ofinteractive stats charts.

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

502.3.12 Focus Cursor

Web: Supports

Fulcrum uses visual changes toelements to indicate the current
position of focus.

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable502.3.13 Modification of Focus
Cursor

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

502.3.14 Event Notification

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Page 47 of 69

Cursor focus is modifiable throughkeyboard controls.

See WCAG 2.1.1 for exceptions.

Fulcrum notifies screen reader
users when switching between
tabs in monograph catalog pages.
Screen reader users are notified
when moving between pages in
the Fulcrum E-Reader.

Criteria

502.4 Platform Accessibility
Features

A. Section 9.3.3 Enable sequential
entry of multiple (chorded)
keystrokes;
B. Section 9.3.4 Provide
adjustment of delay before key
acceptance;
C. Section 9.3.5 Provide
adjustment of same-key doublestrike acceptance;
D. Section 10.6.7 Allow users tochoose visual alternative for audio
output;E. Section 10.6.8 Synchronize
audio equivalents for visual
events;F. Section 10.6.9 Provide speech
output services; andG. Section 10.7.1 Display any
captions provided.

Conformance
Level

A. NotApplicableB. NotApplicableC. NotApplicableD. Web:Partially
Supports
ElectronicDocuments:
Supports
E. Web:Supports
ElectronicDocuments: Does
Not
SupportF. Web:Partially
Supports
ElectronicDocuments:
Partially
Supports
G. Web:Supports
ElectronicPage 48 of 69

Remarks and Explanations

A. Simultaneous keystrokes
not required.
B. Not applicable.
C. Not applicable.
D. Audio content isaccessible through avisually displayed texttranscript or video
captions, with exceptions
listed in WCAG 1.2.1 and1.2.2.
E. Audio description is
synchronized with video
when provided.
F. Fulcrum does not provide
a built-in text-to-speechfeature but is accessible toscreen readers, withexceptions listed in WCAG
1.1.1, 1.3.2, 1.3.3, 1.4.5,
2.4.4, 2.4.6.
G. Captions can be turned on
via keyboard in the video
player when provided.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

Documents:
Supports
503 Applications

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required

Heading cell – no response
required503.2 User Preferences

Web: PartiallySupports

User preferences from operating
system settings and browser
extensions for color, contrast, font
type, font size, and focus cursor
are respected with the following
exceptions: font type and font size
set through browser extensions
affect all text except for thecontent of books in the Fulcrum EReader. However, the Fulcrum EReader allows users to change
the font size but not the font type.
Reflowable EPUB downloads(over 99% of the collection) allow
for modification of font size,
contrast, spacing, and otherfeatures, but PDF downloads do
not.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

503.3 Alternative User Interfaces

Web: Not
Applicable

Page 49 of 69

Fulcrum does not provide any
alternative user interfaces thatfunction as assistive technology.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

503.4 User Controls for Captions
and Audio Description

Heading cell –no response
required

Heading cell – no response
required503.4.1 Caption Controls

Web: Supports

Video player supports user controlof captions, including toggle,
position, font, size, text color,background, and opacity. Toggle
is at the same menu level asvolume control.

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

503.4.2 Audio Description
Controls

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

504 Authoring Tools

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requiredPage 50 of 69

Video player supports user control
of audio descriptions at the samemenu level as caption settings,
keyboard settings, and transcript
but not at the same menu level asvolume.

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requiredCriteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

504.2 Content Creation or Editing(if not authoring tool, enter “notapplicable”)

Web: Not
Applicable

Fulcrum is not an authoring tool.

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable504.2.1 Preservation ofInformation Provided forAccessibility in Format Conversion

Web: Not
Applicable

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable504.2.2 PDF Export

Web: Not
Applicable

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

504.3 Prompts

Web: Not
Applicable

Page 51 of 69

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

504.4 Templates

Web: Not
Applicable

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Page 52 of 69

Remarks and Explanations

Chapter 6: Support Documentation and Services
Criteria

Conformance Level

Remarks andExplanations

601.1 Scope

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602 Support Documentation

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Heading cell – noresponse required

602.2 Accessibility and Compatibility
Features

Supports

Accessibility andcompatibility features
are explained on theFulcrum Accessibility
Page.

602.3 Electronic Support Documentation

See WCAG 2.0 section

See information in
WCAG section

602.4 Alternate Formats for NonElectronic Support Documentation

Not Applicable

Support documentation
is provided in electronic
format.

603 Support Services

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Heading cell – noresponse required

603.2 Information on Accessibility andCompatibility Features

Supports

Information onaccessibility andcompatibility is provided
atPage 53 of 69

Criteria

Conformance Level

Remarks andExplanations

https://www.fulcrum.org/accessibility/

603.3 Accommodation of Communication
Needs

Supports

Page 54 of 69

Support services areprovided through email
and accessible contact
forms.

EN 301 549 Report
Chapter 4: 4.2 Functional Performance Statements (FPS)
Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

4.2.1 Usage without vision

Web: PartiallySupports

Fulcrum uses standard HTML and
WAI-ARIA attributes to describe
the identity, operation, and stateof user interface elements toAssistive Technologies.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

4.2.2 Usage with limited vision

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

4.2.3 Usage without perception ofcolourSee WCAG 1.1.1, 1.2.1, 1.2.3,
1.3.2, 1.3.3, 1.4.5, 2.4.4, 2.4.6 forexceptions.

Fulcrum supports standard
browser magnification andmagnification extensions andprovides sufficient color contrast.

See WCAG 1.2.1, 1.2.3, 1.4.3,
and 1.4.5 for exceptions.

Web: PartiallySupports

Color is only used as a decorative
or supplemental attribute of userinterface elements.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

See WCAG 1.4.1 for exceptions.

Page 55 of 69

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

4.2.4 Usage without hearing

Web: PartiallySupports

Audio content includes captions ortranscripts, with exceptions listed
in WCAG 1.2.1 and 1.2.2.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

4.2.5 Usage with limited hearing

Web: PartiallySupports

Audio content includes captions ortranscripts, with exceptions listed
in WCAG 1.2.1 and 1.2.2.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

4.2.6 Usage without vocal
capability

Web: Not
Applicable

Fulcrum does not require speech
inputElectronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

4.2.7 Usage with limited
manipulation or strength

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents:

Page 56 of 69

Fulcrum supports keyboard
navigation. See WCAG 2.1.1 forexceptions.

Criteria

4.2.8 Usage with limited reach

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

Partially
Supports

Usage of the product does not
require fine motor controls nor
simultaneous actions.

Web: Supports

Fulcrum supports keyboard
navigation. See WCAG 2.1.1 forexceptions.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

4.2.9 Minimize photosensitive
seizure triggers

Web: PartiallySupports

Usage of the product does not
require fine motor controls nor
simultaneous actions.

See WCAG 2.3.1 for exceptions.

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

4.2.10 Usage with limited
cognition

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Page 57 of 69

Fulcrum uses a logical focus
order. The interface is consistent,
intuitive, and simple to navigate.
Reading level of publications
varies. Some video and audio
content may not include captions,transcripts, or audio description(see WCAG 1.2.1, 1.2.2, and1.2.3 for details).

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

4.2.11 Privacy

Web: Supports

Fulcrum does not impede usageof standard privacy controls
alongside assistive technologies.
Users can connect a headset for
private listening to screen reader
announcements.

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

Chapter 5: Generic Requirements

Notes: Fulcrum supports standard assistive technologies and istherefore not subject to the Closed Functionality criteria described in thischapter.
Chapter 6: ICT with Two-Way Voice Communication

Notes: Fulcrum does not offer two-way voice communication and istherefore not subject to the criteria described in this chapter.
Chapter 7: ICT with Video Capabilities
Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

7.1 Caption
processing
technology

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required

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Page 58 of 69

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

7.1.1 Captioning
playback

Web: PartiallySupports

When available, captions can be turned on via
mouse or keyboard in the video player. See
WCAG 1.2.2 for details.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

7.1.2 Captioning
synchronization

Web: Supports

Video player synchronizes captions withaudio/visual content, when captions areprovided.

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

7.1.3 Preservation of
captioning

Web: Not
ApplicableVideo player supports WebVTT caption fileformat and allows the user to set
presentational aspects.

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

7.2.1 Audio
description playback

Web: PartiallySupports

When available, audio description can beturned on via mouse or keyboard in the video
player. See WCAG 1.2.1 for details.

Electronic
Documents:

Page 59 of 69

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

Partially
Supports

7.2.2 Audio
description
synchronization

Web: Supports

Video player synchronizes audio description
with audio/visual content, when provided.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

7.2.3 Preservation ofaudio description

Web: Supports

Video player supports audio description tracks,
when provided.

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

7.3 User controls for
captions and audio
description

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Video player supports user control of captions,
including toggle, position, font, size, text color,background, and opacity as well as user
control of audio description. Caption toggle isat the same menu level as primary media
controls, but audio description settings are not.

Page 60 of 69

Chapter 8: Hardware

Notes: Fulcrum is a web software application and is not subject to therequirements of this section.
Chapter 9: Web (see WCAG 2.0 section)
Chapter 10: Non-web Documents

Criteria

Conformance Level

Remarks andExplanations

10.0 General

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Heading cell – noresponse required

10.1.1.1 through 10.4.1.3

See WCAG 2.0 section

See information in
WCAG section

10.5 Caption positioning

Does Not Support

Captions appear at thebottom of the screen
and may partiallyobscure video content.

10.6 Audio description timing

Supports

When provided, audio
description does notinterfere with relevant
audio information insynchronized media.

Page 61 of 69

Chapter 11: Software
Notes: Fulcrum is not an authoring platform therefore sections 11.8.1 – 11.8.5 are notapplicable and have been omitted.
Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

11.1.1.1 through 11.4.1.3

See WCAG 2.0
sectionSee information in WCAG section

11.5 Interoperability with assistive
technology

Heading cell –no response
required

Heading cell – no response
required

11.5.1 Closed functionality(informative)

Heading cell –no response
required

Heading cell – no response
required

11.5.2 Accessibility services

Heading cell –no response
required

Heading cell – no response
required

11.5.2.1 Platform accessibility
service support for software thatprovides a user interface

See 11.5.2.5
through11.5.2.17

See information in 11.5.2.5
through 11.5.2.17

11.5.2.2 Platform accessibility
service support for assistive
technologies

See 11.5.2.5
through11.5.2.17

See information in 11.5.2.5
through 11.5.2.17

Page 62 of 69

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

11.5.2.3 Use of accessibility
services

Web: Supports

Fulcrum uses standard platform
accessibility services.

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

11.5.2.4 Assistive technology

Not Applicable

Fulcrum is not itself an assistive
technology.

11.5.2.5 Object information

Web: PartiallySupports

Fulcrum uses WAI-ARIA attributes
to describe the role, state, anddescription of user interface
elements to Assistive
Technologies.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

11.5.2.6 Row, column, andheaders

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Page 63 of 69

See WCAG 1.1.1, 1.3.3, and 4.1.2
for exceptions.

The quality of row, column, andheader tagging differs by
publication.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

11.5.2.7 Values

Web: Supports

Fulcrum uses standard HTML or
and ARIA object attributes.

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

11.5.2.8 Label relationships

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

11.5.2.9 Parent-child relationships

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

11.5.2.10 Text

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents:

Page 64 of 69

Fulcrum uses standard HTML and
WAI-ARIA attributes to describelabel relationships of userinterface elements to assistive
technologies. This includes theuse of “<label>” element and“aria-labelledby” and “aria-label”
attributes.

Fulcrum uses standard HTML
markup to express hierarchicalrelationships.

See WCAG 2.4.6 and 2.4.10 for
exceptions to hierarchical heading
and subheading structures.

Fulcrum renders most strings as
plain text values in HTML. Fixedlayout EPUB publications can bedisplayed as image scans or as
text. Fixed layout EPUB

Criteria

11.5.2.11 List of available actions

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

Partially
Supports

downloads are only rendered as
image scans.

Web: Supports

Fulcrum uses standard HTML and
ARIA object attributes for actions
such as search and filter.

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

11.5.2.12 Execution of available
actions

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

11.5.2.13 Tracking of focus andselection attributes

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

11.5.2.14 Modification of focus
and selection attributes

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents:

Page 65 of 69

Fulcrum allows assistive
technology to programmatically
execute available actions on
objects with the exception ofinteractive stats charts.

Focus, text insertion point, andselection attributes of userinterface elements areprogrammatically determinable byassistive technologies.

Fulcrum allows keyboards andassistive technologies toprogrammatically modify focus,
text insertion point, and selection

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

Partially
Supports

attributes of user interface
elements.

See WCAG 2.1.1 for exceptions.

11.5.2.15 Change notification

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

11.5.2.16 Modifications of statesand properties

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

11.5.2.17 Modifications of values
and text

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents: Not
Applicable

Page 66 of 69

Fulcrum notifies screen reader
users when switching between
tabs in monograph catalog pages.
Screen reader users are notified
when moving between pages in
the Fulcrum E-Reader.

All user-set states and propertiesare capable of being set
programmatically, including
through assistive technologies.

All user-set input is capable ofbeing set programmatically,
including through assistive
technologies.

Criteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

11.6 Documented accessibility
usage

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required

Heading cell – no response
required

11.6.1 User control of accessibility
features

Web: Supports

The Fulcrum platform allows user
control of accessibility features,
including text zoom in the reader.
EPUB and PDF downloads can be
opened with any document
reader, though fixed layout EPUB
downloads are image scans anddo not allow resizing or
modification of text.

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

11.6.2 No disruption ofaccessibility features

Web: Supports

Electronic
Documents:
Supports

11.7 User preferences

Web: PartiallySupports

Electronic
Documents:
Partially
Supports

Page 67 of 69

The Fulcrum platform anddownloads are compatible with
operating system and browser
accessibility features configuredby the user.

User preferences from operating
system settings and browser
extensions for color, contrast, font
type, font size, and focus cursor
are respected with the following
exceptions: font type and font size
set through browser extensions
affect all text except for thecontent of books in the Fulcrum EReader. However, the Fulcrum EReader allows users to changeCriteria

Conformance
Level

Remarks and Explanations

the font size but not the font type.
EPUB downloads allow for
modification of font size, contrast,
spacing, and other features, but
PDF downloads do not.

11.8 Authoring tools

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requiredPage 68 of 69

Heading cell – no response
requiredChapter 12: Documentation and Support Services
Criteria
12.1 Product documentation
12.1.1 Accessibility and compatibility
features

Conformance Level
Heading cell – noresponse required
Supports

12.1.2 Accessible documentation

See WCAG 2.0 section

12.2 Support Services

Heading cell – noresponse required
Supports

12.2.2 Information on accessibility andcompatibility features

12.2.3 Effective communication

Supports

12.2.4 Accessible documentation

See WCAG 2.0 section

Remarks andExplanations
Heading cell – noresponse required
Accessibility andcompatibility features are
explained on the Fulcrum
Accessibility Page.
See information in
WCAG 2.0 section
Heading cell – noresponse required
Accessibility andcompatibility features are
explained on the Fulcrum
Accessibility Page.
Support services areprovided via email, butshall additional support
be required Fulcrum staff
can accommodate
accessibility needs tofacilitate user support.
See information in
WCAG 2.0 section

Chapter 13: ICT Providing Relay or Emergency Service Access

Notes: Fulcrum does not offer two-way voice communication and istherefore not subject to the criteria described in this chapter.

Page 69 of 69