1st International Forum on the Decommissioning of theFukushima Daiichi NPS

10-11th April, Japan

Decommissioning
andDismantling at CEA“Program, challenges and feedbackexperience”
Eric KRAUS
Deputy DirectorNuclear Cleanup and Decommissioning Directorate
CEA / Nuclear Energy Division| PAGE 1
eric.kraus@cea.fr

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. CEA’s Nuclear Energy Division - D&ER Perimeter
2. Decommissioning at CEA : framework and strategy

3. Challenges to overcome
4. Industrial valorization

Decommissioning & Environmental Remediation| PAGE 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. CEA’s Nuclear Energy Division - D&ER Perimeter
2. The main realizations : framework and strategy

3. Challenges to overcome
4. Industrial valorization| PAGE 3

THE SPECIFITIES OF THE CEA’s CIVILIAN D&ER PROGRAM
580 M€/year
815 CEA
employees andabout 2500
employees fromsupply chain

Huge range of facilities
Reactors : research, fast breeder, gas graphite, etc
Accelerators & irradiators,
Laboratories, workshops & pilot plant
Waste treatment facilities, storage facilities

Different sizes
From research reactors up to NPPs
From single laboratories to processing facilities

R&D facilities
Traceability of modifications, history
Various types of waste, etc
Contamination level could be high (leaks, etc)

Historical nuclear sites : liabilities| PAGE 4

CEA’s NUCLEAR ENERGY DIVISION - D&ER PERIMETERReactors : SILOE, SILOETTE, MELUSINE
Laboratory : LAMA
Waste Treatment Facility : STED| PAGE 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. CEA’s Nuclear Energy Division - D&ER Perimeter
2. Decommissioning at CEA : framework and strategy

3. Challenges to overcome
4. Industrial valorization| PAGE 6

DECOMMISSIONING AT CEA: ISSUES, OBJECTIVES &STRATEGY
Issues : scrupulous management of the « back end of the fuel cycle :Immediate dismantling of shutdown nuclear facilities
Retrieval, characterization, conditioning and storage of legacy waste
Objectives : carry out the entire D&ER program safely while meeting costs and deadlines
Cleanup and decommissioning of nuclear facilities now enclosed in cities
Centres of Grenoble & Fontenay aux Roses,
Dismantling of UP1 processing facility in Marcoule
Respect end dates (decrees & safety objectives)
Strategy : fit to the framework of two 2006 Acts (Nuclear Safety and Transparency & Waste
Management Acts)
Immediate and total decommissioning when feasible.
Continued technical and economical optimization
End state : Removal of all hazardous material (in particular radwaste).
If impossible : decommissioning with remaining constraints (brown field)
Solid and liquid waste : minimization, decategorization (long life  short life), on line
shipment| PAGE 7

Example 1 : TOTAL CLEANUP OF A SITE (Grenoble)| PAGE 8

Example 2 : DISMANTLING OF MARCOULE (UP1 PROGRAM)| PAGE 9TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. CEA’s Nuclear Energy Division - D&ER Perimeter
2. The main realizations : framework and strategy

3. Challenges to overcome
4. Industrial valorization| PAGE 10

1st CHALLENGE : HOW TO TREAT LEGACY WASTE ?

| PAGE 11

2nd CHALLENGE : HOW TO MANAGE THE SOURCE TERM ?
The main driver is to reduce the Source Term, with regard to the risk of release outsidebuildings

Packaging or bulk ?

Question :Without D&ER activities, risk of having an environmental impact (Sv/an), taking into accountseveral scenarios ?
| PAGE 12

3rd CHALLENGE : KEEP THE FINAL COST UNDER CONTROL

6 main reasons to update the final cost of D&ER
1 - Evolution of final end state definition
2 - Safety requirements, regulation evolutions, authorization process duration
3 - Lack of trusted initial state knowledge
4 - Evolution of waste disposal costs and storage specifications (WAC)
5 - Annual upper limit of the financial resources
6 - Project management and technical issues| PAGE 13

R&D IS THERE TO OVERCOME THE CHALLENGES

A strong R&D program in support of decommissioning
activities is part of the solution
Optimising R&D activities in support of cleanup and dismantling programs
To reduce cost, work duration, doses uptake, waste volume produced
To improve the safety and security of dismantling worksites
To minimize hazards
To define new matrix suitable to a widest categories of legacy waste
Developing and promoting R&D and expertise
To share R&D developments
To provide expertise
To develop industrial partnerships
To promote operating experience| PAGE 14

CEA D&ER R&D THROUGH 6 MAIN AXIS

Liquid and solid waste
treatment- Embedding with geopolymer- Metal melting incineration

Structure and soil decontamination- Laser ablation, gel foams , etc

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. CEA’s Nuclear Energy Division - D&ER Perimeter
2. The main realizations : framework and strategy

3. Challenges to overcome
4. Industrial valorization| PAGE 16

VALORIZATION
Developing and promoting partnership with local andnational entities
Active neutronic measurementof U and Pu

Partnerships and contracts with commercial companies “from research to industry”
Robotics
Liquid treatment, structure decontamination, etc

3D simulation & virtual reality for nuclear dismantlingPartnerships with others main nuclear French operators
Education and training

Partnerships CEA-Universities

Creation of innovation & excellence poleat Marcoule : PVSI

Valorization, a tool for industrial development andrevitalization| PAGE 17

CONCLUSION
CEA has a lot of feedback experience in performing and managing large and complex

D&ER operations, covering different size and kind of facilities and laboratories
Costs, schedule, safety, deadlines are always taken into account as main drivers
R&D is important to help overcome the main challenges raised by complex operations

Even if the D&ER of Fukushima Daiichi is the most complex endeavour ever attempted inthis field, we think that our experience can be fruitful on many subjects. We already share
this experience with NDF and TEPCO

Thank you for your attention| PAGE 18