Key Points of New “Basic Policy for Nuclear Energy”(Provisional Translation)

１．”Basic Policy for Nuclear Energy” and Background of Revision A ‘compass’ to show long-term directions for the government nuclear policy and to define Basic Objectives and Important Initiatives.
 The former “Basic Policy for Nuclear Energy” was decided in July 2017, and it was approved to respect by the Government of Japan.
 It was decided to revise approximately every five years considering rapidly changing circumstances, and it was declared at the JAEC to start the revision in Nov. 2021.
Having accumulated discussion with and hearing from experts and stakeholders, the new Basic Policy was approved in Feb. 2023.

２．Basic Idea

３．Status and Changes in Circumstances Surrounding Nuclear Energy

Regarding Utilization of Nuclear Technology:

Nuclear technology can contribute to development of human beings not only inenergy sector but in manufacturing, medicine, agriculture, etc.
 Effective utilization of nuclear energy is important for Japan from the viewpoint of
seeking for every possible option to secure energy supply and to achieve carbon
neutral society.
 On the other hand, we should always be aware that nuclear energy can create
nuclear weapons or cause serious disasters when it is used in wrong ways.
⇒ It is important to utilize nuclear technology wisely, with recognizing its ‘pluses’and ‘minuses’ correctly and paying full attention to safety.
 Uncertainty over stable energy supply /Increased geopolitical risk
 Expanded movement toward carbon neutrality
 Development and construction of innovative
nuclear reactors worldwide / Extension of
lifetimes of existing nuclear power plants
 Reduced predictability of nuclear energy
projects

Reaffirmation of ensuring the safety of
nuclear facilities against terrorism andmilitary threats
Expanding the use of radiation in nonpower fields
Increased awareness of economic
security
Increased importance of ensuring
diversity, including gender balance

４．Important Initiatives in the Near Future To break away from the “safety myth” and promote the stable use of nuclear energy under the principle of ensuring safety as the major prerequisite. The
government and the industry should play their respective roles in improving the environment for smooth project implementation. In addition, they should
not turn a blind eye to the issues related to radioactive waste treatment and disposal as well as new issues that may emerge as a result of the development
and construction of innovative reactors, while carefully communicating with the public.
 The Government and the industry should work together to maintain and strengthen supply-chains and human resource development, which are
fundamental for nuclear applications, not only in nuclear power applications but also in non-power applications.

1. Continue to reflect on the Fukushima Daiichi
Accident and learn lessons
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Steady reconstruction and revitalization around the Fukushima Daiichi site
Continuous efforts to improve safety based on the recognition that there isno such thing as zero risk, establishment of an operational structure,
cultivation of the safety culture, and enhancement of preventive measures
to disasters.
Ensuring the safety and security of resident through support for theformulation of evacuation plans by the government and utilities
Careful consideration of the nature of nuclear damage compensation

2. Use nuclear energy for stableenergy supply and carbon neutrality
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Improving predictability of nuclear power projects
Restarting existing nuclear power plants
Efficient safety reviews
Long-term operation of nuclear power plants
Development and construction of innovative
nuclear reactors
Efforts to realize a stable nuclear fuel cycle
Expansion of spent fuel storage capacity

5. Rebuild public trustand confidence for using
nuclear energy

6. Undertake decommissioning andradioactive waste management under
the involvement of the government

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No violation of rules, noconcealment of inconvenient
information
Development of humanresources to bridge between
experts and the publicEstablishment of a system necessary fordecommissioning of nuclear power plants, which is
expected to increase in the future.
Dealing with radioactive wastes for which disposal
method and place have not yet been decided
The government should take the initiative indealing with high-level radioactive wastes

3. Domestic and international
initiatives in light of global trends

Following up and harmonization of global
standards
Contribution to the development of global humanresources and standards
Development of strategic partnerships to jointly
build a reliable nuclear supply chain among
government and industries of fellow countries.

7. Promote the utilization ofradiation and radioisotopes
Promoting efforts based on “The Action Plan
for Promotion of Production and Utilization of
Medical Radioisotopes” (initiatives identified
for domestic production and stable supply ofimportant radioisotopes)
Making widely known its contribution to themaintenance and improvement of social
infrastructure, and expanding the potential of
its use in various fields such as industry

8. Facilitate innovations
relevant to nuclear energy
utilization
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R&D institutions to return their results
to the society such as contributing to
the vitality of private sectors
The government to strongly support
for nuclear innovation
Maintaining, strengthening anddiversifying supply chains andtechnology bases

4. Ensure peaceful use of nuclear
energy, non-proliferation andnuclear security underinternational collaboration

Ensuring Plutonium balance
Responding to issues of terrorism andmilitary threats
Support for Ukraine in cooperation with the
IAEA and others

9. Strengthen human resource
development

Human exchange and collaboration amonga wide variety of fields and cultures
Expansion of industry-academiagovernment human resource development
system to meet industry needs
Ensuring diversity of human resources,
regardless of young people, women, or
areas of expertise/ Next generation
education