Energy Efficiency Standards Subcommittee, Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy
Luminaire Evaluation Standards Subcommittee
Final Report (fluorescent luminaire)For the luminaire which uses the fluorescent lamp only as the main light source (hereinafter referred to as “fluorescent lamp luminaries”), the evaluation standards ofmanufacturers for the fluorescent luminaire in the final report of the Fluorescent Lamp
Luminaire Evaluation Standards Subcommittee, Energy Efficiency Standards Subcommittee, Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy (December 17,1998) were determined and FY2005 was the target year. To study the new target
value of luminaires including bulb type fluorescent lamps that are not currently covered, the Luminaire Evaluation Subcommittee was established, the evaluation standards of luminaire manufacturers or importers (hereinafter referred to as “manufacturers”) were discussed and the final report was prepared as follows.
The discussions in this final report are for fluorescent lamp luminaires, and bulbs
are continuously discussed in this subcommittee.
1. Evaluation of existing standards
The weighted average value of energy efficiency for the fluorescent luminaire thatwas the target fiscal year in 2005 was 85.6 lm/W, and it was improved by 35.7%
from the weighted average value (63.1 lm/W) of energy consumption efficiency
before the introduction of the top runner standards (product shipped in 1997).
The level of improvement was greater than the estimated value (73.6 lm/W) andthe estimated improvement ratio (16.6%) set at the time of the top runner standards.
In view of the above, it can be evaluated that energy conservation in fluorescentlamp luminaires has made progress through the efforts of manufacturers, etc. andthat the existing standards based on the top runner approach are effectively working.
2. Designated equipment [Refer to Attachment 1]
Fluorescent luminaire. This excludes the explosion-proof type, heat resistance type,dust-proof type, corrosion resistance type and luminaires designed for vehicles andother transportation means, and recently excludes luminaires intended for
assembly in machines, furniture, etc.
Regarding luminaires that use fluorescent lamps (excluding home suspension type,direct mount type and table study luminaires) that are less than 40W, which had
previsouly been excluded from the designation, the embedded type luminaires
specified in Japanese Industrial Standard C8106 “Fluorescent lamp luminaires forcommercial, industrial and public lighting” were newly included in the designation.

13. Evaluation parameters for manufacturers, etc.
(1) Target fiscal year [Refer to Attachment 2]
FY2012(2) Target standard values [Refer to Attachments 3 and 4]
With respect to fluorescent lamp luminaires that each manufacturer, etc. ships
within Japan during the target fiscal year, the average of the energy consumption efficiency (lm/W) measured in (3) and weighted by the number of units
shipped by each manufacturer, etc. for each category in the table below shallnot exceed the target standard values.
Table 1 Category of fluorescent luminaire and target standards
Category

Application

Lamp shape

Lamp size

I

For facilities

Double-capped
type or compact
double tube type

Equipment with the lamp size of 86
or larger
Equipment with the lamp size lessthan 86

II

III

IV

Home use

Compacttype other thandouble lamp type
Ring type or
double-capped
type

V

VI

Fluorescenttable study
lamps

Target standard value(lm/W)
100.8
100.5

61.6

Equipment with the total sum of
the lamp size of 70 or more (excluding the double-capped fluorescent lamp with the size of 20)
Equipment with the total sum of
the lamp size less than 70 andequipment with the total sum of
the lamp size of 70 or more using
double-capped fluorescent lamps
with the size of 20

Double-capped
type or compact
type

91.6

78.1

70.8

Note 1 “Lamp size” refers to the “value of size category” of fluorescent lamps specified in Japanese Industrial Standard C7601 “Fluorescent lamps for general lighting service” or in Japan Electric Lamp Manufacturers Association Standard 211 “Fluorescent lamps (generallighting service) for high frequency illumination”. However, in the case of fluorescent lamps
that do not specify the “value of size category”, the value of the “rated lamp power” specified in Japanese Industrial Standard C7617-2 “Double-capped fluorescent lamps - Part2 :Performance specifications” shall be used for double-capped fluorescent lamps andthe value of the “rated lamp power” specified in Japanese Industrial Standard C7618-2“Single - capped fluorescent lamps - Part 2: Performance specifications” shall be used for2

ring type and compact type fluorescent lamps.
Note 2 In ring type fluorescent lamps, the lamp output value shall be used for the lamp size ofthe fixture which uses fluorescent lamps for high frequency illumination.

(3) Measurement method for energy consumption efficiency[Refer to Attachment 5]
The energy consumption efficiency of fluorescent luminaires shall be the value obtained by dividing the total luminous flux (lm) of the fluorescent lamp
mounted on the fluorescent luminaire by the power consumption (W) of the florescent luminaire.

Energy consumption efficiency (lm/W) =Total luminous flux (lm) of the fluorescent lamp
mounted on the fluorescent luminaire
Power consumption (W) of fluorescent luminaire

The total luminous flux and the power consumption of fluorescent luminaires shallbe measured as follows:
1) Measurement method of total luminous flux
The total luminous flux of fluorescent luminaires shall be the value by multiplying the ballast output coefficient and the temperature compensation coefficient by the total luminous flux value of the individual fluorescent lamp (hereinafter referred to as the “rated total luminous flux value of lamp”) measured
with the method specified in optical characteristics of Japanese Industrial
Standard C7617-2 “Double-capped fluorescent lamps - Part2 : Performance specifications” and Japanese Industrial Standard C7618-2 “Single capped fluorescent lamps - Part 2: Performance specifications”.
* Total luminous flux means the total sum of luminous flux emitted in all directions from the light source.
Total luminous flux = (Rated total luminous flux value of lamp) x (Ballast light
output coefficient) x (Temperature compensation coefficient)i) Calculation of ballast light output coefficient
The ballast light output coefficient shall be the value obtained from the calculation method specified in the measurement of optical output coefficientby the sample ballast of Japanese Industrial Standard C 8020 “Method of3

calculation on fluorescent luminaire efficacy index”.
ii) Calculation of temperature compensation coefficient
The temperature compensation coefficient shall be the coefficient specified
in Appendix 2 of Japanese Industrial Standard C 8020.
2) Measurement method of power consumption
The power consumption of fluorescent lamp luminaires shall be measured
with the method specified via Japanese Industrial Standard C 8105-3 “Luminaires - Part 3 : General requirements for performance”. After measuring
the tube wall temperature to calculate the temperature compensation coefficient, measurement shall be performed under the same conditions.
(4) Labeling related matters
1) Items for labeling shall be as follows:a) Part name and type nameb) Type of fluorescent lampc) Class named) Total luminous fluxe) Power consumptionf) Energy consumption efficiencyg) Name or title of manufacturers
Items related to identification of the table study lamp shall be as specified in
the Household Goods Labeling Law. For identification of (c) above, ElectricAppliance Quality Labeling Rules need to be revised.
2) Compliance itemsa) The total luminous flux shall be indicated by lumen (lm).
b) The power consumption shall be indicated by watt (W).
c) The energy consumption efficiency shall be indicated to the first decimal
place by lumen for each watt (lm/W).
d) The labeling items shall be indicated on the catalogs. The table study
lamp shall be identified according to the Household Goods Labeling Law.
4. Recommendation on energy saving

4

(1) Efforts by users
1) With effective use of information such as “energy saving label”, users shalltry to select fluorescent luminaires with high energy consumption efficiency.
2) Users shall try to change incandescent lamps to energy saving type luminaires using new light sources such as fluorescent luminaires or LED as
much as possible, and try to save energy by introducing luminaires thathave inverters with excellent energy consumption efficiency or have illumination with special high frequency, when selecting fluorescent luminaires.
3) When using luminaires, daylight, light control function, human sensing function Note 1, initial illumination intensity compensation function Note 2, multi-lamp distribution method Note 3, etc. shall be effectively used. Energy
should be saved with efficient use including appropriate illumination.
4) Luminaires should be frequently turned on and off (reduced illumination or
reduced light). Unnecessary illumination should be reduced by effective use of daylight or use of the control function including a human sensor.
5) Regular cleaning or replacement of lamps should be performed to reduce low illumination efficiency arising from use for a long time.
Note 1) The human sensing function is an automatic off or light control function when no
one is present, which detects humans with a sensor.
Note 2) The initial illumination intensity compensation function is a function to control
excessive illumination at the initial stage and to maintain constant illumination
until the end of the lamp service life.
Note 3) The multi-lamp distribution method is an illumination method to improve the lighting environment and to save energy by placing multiple luminaires in one room and turning lights on only at necessary areas in order tocontrol total power consumption.

(2) Efforts by designer for selection of luminaires
1) With effective use of information such as “energy saving label”, users shalltry to select fluorescent luminaires with high energy consumption efficiency.
2) Users shall try to change incandescent lamps to energy saving type luminaires using new light sources such as fluorescent luminaires or LED as
much as possible, and try to save energy by introducing luminaires thathave inverters with excellent energy consumption efficiency or have illumination with special high frequency, when selecting fluorescent luminaires.
3) When using luminaires, daylight, light control function, human sensing func5

tion, initial illumination intensity compensation function, multi-lamp distribution method, etc. shall be effectively used. Energy should be saved with efficient use including appropriate illumination.
(3) Efforts by sellers
1) Try to sell fluorescent lamp luminaires with excellent energy consumption efficiency. Also, use “Energy Saving Labels” and try to provide appropriate information so that users will choose fluorescent lamp luminaires with excellent energy consumption efficiency.
2) In selection of luminaires by users, use functions effective for reduction ofenergy such as the light control function according to the room size, andprovide information including use of the multi-lamp distribution method sothat users may choose excellently efficient luminaires.
(4) Efforts by manufacturers, etc.
1) Facilitate technological development for energy saving for luminaires and try
to develop products with excellent energy consumption efficiency.
2) In order to promote fluorescent lamp luminaires with excellent energy consumption efficiency, quickly adopt “Energy Saving Labels” on brochures.
Also, try to provide appropriate information so that users will choose fluorescent lamp luminaires with excellent energy consumption efficiency. Try
to provide data for the database of energy saving labels identified by distributors so that distributors may appropriately provide information.
3) Try to provide information on additional functions such as reflectors which
improves illumination intensity or cover, louvers, etc. which reduce the lightvolume so that consumers may understand and make appropriate selections.
4) Try to use functions effective for reduction of energy such as use of daylight,
the light control function, human sensing function and initial illumination intensity compensation. Make the control system combined with these functions or multi-lamp distribution method at homes popular, and provide information to achieve energy saving with appropriate and efficient use of luminaires.
(5) Efforts by government61) In order to promote fluorescent lamp luminaires with excellent energy consumption efficiency, try to use promotional campaigns and other necessary
measures to facilitate efforts by users and manufacturers, etc.
2) Periodically and continuously monitor labeling practice by the manufacturers,
etc. and try to apply appropriate laws so that users are provided with correctand easy-to-understand information regarding energy consumption efficiency.
3) Try to prepare a database of energy saving labels so that distributors may
provide the labels.
4) The energy saving standards based on the top runner approach are very
effective ways to save energy on equipment. Try to promote this approach to
the world at the optimum opportunities.

7

Attachment 1

The scope of designated fluorescent lamp luminaires
1. Basic concept
The evaluation standards in this report shall only apply to luminaires that only
use fluorescent lamps as the main light source.
The designated range shall be enlarged or reduced as follows by changes in
the number of shipping units, launch of new product, etc.
2. Enlargement of designated equipment
In fluorescent luminaires that use fluorescent lamps with less than 40W, the embedded type luminaires specified in Japanese Industrial Standard C 8106 “Fluorescent lamp luminaires for commercial, industrial and public lighting” are not included in the current designation, but the number of shipping units has recently
been increasing. They shall be included in the designation.
This enlargement of the range will add approximately 1,296,000 units.
3. Exclusion from designation
In the top runner method, (1) Models used for special applications, (2) models of
which the technical measurement method and evaluation method are not established and it is difficult to determine the target standard, and (3) models thathave an extremely low share of the market shall be excluded from the designation.
Based on this principle, the following products are excluded from the designation.
Luminaires designed for assembly into machines, furniture, etc. shall also be excluded.
(1) Explosion-proof type
Luminaries that are used at a location where flammable gas is generated.
Since the structure is special and the number of production units is very limited,
they are excluded.
(2) Heat resistance type
Luminaries that are used at a location (boiler room, freezing room, etc.)
where the ambient temperature is (always) very high or low. Since the structure is special and the number of production units is very limited, they are excluded.
8

(3) Dust-proof type
Luminaries that are used at a location where much dust is generated.
Since the structure is special and the number of production units is very limited,
they are excluded.
(4) Corrosion resistance type
Luminaries that are used at a location where corrosive gas is generated.
Since the structure is special and the number of production units is very limited,
they are excluded.
(5) Type designed for vehicles or other transportation means
Luminaries with a special power source and structure for vehicles.
Since the number of production units is very limited, they are excluded.
(6) Type designed for assembly into machines, furniture, etc.
The structure is special because luminaires are assembled into machines, furniture, etc. Since the number of production units is very limited, they are excluded.
(7) Fluorescent luminaires using fluorescent lamps with less than 40W (excluding
the fluorescent lamp luminaires specified in Japanese Industrial Standard C
8115 “Fluorescent lamp luminaires for residential lighting”, Japanese Industrial
Standard C8112 “Fluorescent table study lamps” and the embedded type luminaires specified in Japanese Industrial Standard C 8106 “Fluorescent lamp
luminaires for commercial, industrial and public lighting”)
These fluorescent lamps are used for auxiliary purposes (dimensional fitting) at
a location where conventional 40W luminaires cannot be mounted, andare used in kitchens, bath rooms, outdoor areas, etc. Since they are often used
as illumination at a location where lamps are not used full time and the power
consumption ratio is low, they are excluded.
(8) Compact type fluorescent lamp with built-in ballast at cap
The measurement method for fluorescent lamp luminaires that use the compact
type fluorescent lamp with built-in ballast at the cap has not yet been determined. Since the number of production units is very limited, they are excluded.

9

Attachment 2

Target year of fluorescent lamp luminaires

1. Since the energy consumption efficiency of fluorescent lamp luminaires will
be greatly improved by the development and spread of luminaires using highly efficient ballast (inverters), the time necessary for the development of luminaires withinverters is allowed. Development time of inverters for fluorescent lamp luminaires is usually 1 or 2 years. For this purpose, it is necessary to have opportunities
for one or two model changes until the target year.
The target year of fluorescent lamp luminaires shall be FY2012.
2. The improvement ratio of the energy consumption efficiency in the target year will
be approximately 7.7% assuming that the current number of shipping units (recordin 2006) and the category structure are not changed.
<General description of calculation>○ Overall fluorescent lamp luminaires(i) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the record value of fluorescentlamp luminaires shipped in FY2006
84.7 lm/W
In calculation of the values above, of the fluorescent lamp luminaires that
use tfluorescent lamps with less than 40W that are included in the designation,
the embedded type luminaires specified in Japanese Industrial Standard C
8106 “Fluorescent lamp luminaires for commercial, industrial and public
lighting” were included in the calculation items. In this way, it is different fromthe value of the energy consumption efficiency in FY2005.
(ii) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the target standard value offluorescent lamp luminaires shipped in the target fiscal year
91.2 lm/W(iii) Improvement ratio of energy consumption efficiency(91.2-84.7)
× 100 = Approximately 7.7 %84.7[For facilities](i) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the record value of fluorescentlamp luminaires shipped in FY2006
87.0 lm/W(ii) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the target standard value of10

fluorescent lamp luminaires shipped in the target fiscal year

94.0 lm/W(iii) Improvement ratio of energy consumption efficiency(94.0-87.0)
× 100 = Approximately 8.0 %87.0[Home use](i) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the record value of fluorescentlamp luminaires shipped in FY2006
81.9 lm/W(ii) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the target standard value offluorescent lamp luminaires shipped in the target fiscal year
87.7 lm/W(iii) Improvement ratio of energy consumption efficiency(87.7-81.9)
× 100 = Approximately 7.1 %81.9[Table top lamp](i) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the record value of fluorescentlamp luminaires shipped in FY2006
68.0 lm/W(ii) Energy consumption efficiency calculated from the target standard value offluorescent lamp luminaires shipped in the target fiscal year
70.8 lm/W(iii) Improvement ratio of energy consumption efficiency(70.8-68.0)
× 100 = Approximately 4.1 %
68.0

11

Attachment 3

Classification of fluorescent lamp luminaires

1. Category of current fluorescent lamp luminaires
Since the following three requirements affect the energy consumption efficiency,
the current fluorescent lamp luminaires are classified based on these requirements
and the standard is determined for each class.
(1) Lamp shape(2) Lamp output(3) Lamp illumination method and ballast
Table 1 Category of fluorescent lamp luminaires
Category
Equipment using double-capped 110W rapid
start type fluorescentlamps

Lamp shape, output, illumination method and ballast
type
Luminaires using 110W rapid start type fluorescent
lamps
Luminaires using 96W compact type fluorescent
lamps
Luminaires using 105W compact type fluorescentlamps for high frequency illumination

Equipment using double-capped 40W fluorescent lamps for high frequency illumination

Luminaires using 40W and 65W fluorescent lamps
for high frequency illumination

Equipment using double-capped 40W rapid start
type fluorescent lamps

Luminaires using 40W rapid start type fluorescent
lamps
Luminaires using 36W and 55W compact type fluorescent lamps
Luminaires using 32W, 42W and 45W compact
type fluorescent lamps for high frequency illumination

Equipment using double-capped 40W starter
type fluorescent lamps

Luminaires using 40W starter type fluorescent
lamps

12

Equipment using double-capped 20W starter
type fluorescent lamps withelectronic ballast

Luminaires using 20W starter type fluorescentlamps and luminaires with electronic ballast

Equipment using double-capped 20W starter
type fluorescent lamps withmagnetic ballast

Luminaires using 20W starter type fluorescentlamps and luminaires with magnetic ballast

Equipment with the totalsum of ring type fluorescent lamp size category ofover 72(Note)“Category of lamp size” refers to the size category
specified in JIS C 7601 Section 4 (Model and type).

Equipment with the totalsum of ring type fluorescent lamp size category ofover 62 up to 72

Size classification

Lamp type

20

FCL20/18

30

FCL30/28

32

FCL32/30

Equipment with the totalsum of ring type fluorescent lamp size category of
62 or less with electronicballast40

FCL40/38

Equipment with the totalsum of ring type fluorescent lamp size category of
62 or less with magnetic
ballast(FCL refers to the ring starter type fluorescent lamp.
The size category of ring type fluorescent lamps forhigh frequency illumination shall be the value ofthe rated lamp power. For equipment with highoutput illumination, the value shall be the lamp
power at illumination with high output.

Table top lamps using
compact type fluorescent
lamps

Luminaires using 27W, 18W and 13W compact
type fluorescent lamps

Table top lamps using
double-capped fluorescent
lamps

Luminaires using 20W and 15W starter type fluorescent lamps

2. Determination of new categories for fluorescent luminaries(1) Basic concept
In the current category of fluorescent lamp luminaires, the categories are classified by the lamp shape, lamp size, lamp illumination method and ballast type.
13

Since luminaires with high frequency illumination ballast showing excellent energy consumption efficiency have been popular, the categories for illumination
method and ballast type are abolished and categories are determined by application, lamp shape and lamp size.
(i) Application
Since fluorescent lamp luminaires are classified into large categories of application in Japanese Industrial Standard, they are classified into facilities,
home fluorescent lamp luminaires and table study lamps according to Japanese Industrial Standard.
Luminaires for facilities refer to equipment requiring connection to wires atthe power source, not the connector. Luminaires for home refer to equipmentthat can be easily connected with connectors such as attachment plugs, twist
locking rosettes, etc., and they do not refer to application in actual use.
Fluorescent lamp luminaires for commercial, industrial and public lighting(Japanese Industrial Standard C 8106: 2008)
Scope: Fluorescent lamp luminaires for general lighting in facilities thatare connected to wires at the power source without using connectors such as an attachment plug, twist locking rosette, etc.
and that have an input voltage of AC 300V or less using the fluorescent lamp as the light source.
Fluorescent lamp luminaires for home (Japanese Industrial Standard C
8115: 2008)
Scope: Fluorescent lamp luminaires for residential lighting that canbe easily connected to the input voltage of AC100V using
the fluorescent lamp as the light source with an attachment plug,
twist lock rosette, etc.
Fluorescent table study lamps (Japanese Industrial Standard C 8112:
2008)
Scope: Fluorescent table study lamps with the rated voltage of 100V orless and the secondary rated voltage of 150V or less, considering
supply of necessary light to improve efficiency in visual work forstudying or reading using a fluorescent lamp conforming to
the rules of Japanese Industrial Standard C 7601 “Fluorescent14

lamps for general lighting service”.
(ii) Shape and size of lamp
(1) Double-capped fluorescent lamp for facilities or double lamp compact
type fluorescent lamp
The lamps are categorized into the size of 86 or more used for facilities
with large floors and high ceilings such as plants, warehouses, etc. andinto the size less than 86 for facilities with moderate height ceiling such as
offices, schools, etc.
The current categories are classified by the lamp illumination method andballast type. Since the application is the same, the categories are integrated.
(2) Compact type fluorescent lamp other than the double lamp type for facilities
Since compact type fluorescent lamps other than the double lamp
type are often used for a narrow area like down-lights in facilities. They
are independently categorized.
This excludes the double lamp compact type fluorescent lamp used forfacilities similar to the double capped fluorescent lamp.
(3) Fluorescent lamp for home
For the fluorescent lamps for home, the room size for both the ringtype and the double capped type varies depending on the lamp size.
They are classified into two categories: general size room (usually lessthan 8-joh (8-tatami mat size)) and larger room (usually 8-joh or more).
The current categories are classified by the lamp shape (ring type, double capped type), lamp illumination method and ballast type.
Since the application is the same, the categories are integrated.
* Fluorescent table study lamps
Since the lamps are sued for studying or reading on tables, they are independently categorized.
The current categories are classified by the lamp shape (double capped type,compact type). Since the application is the same, the categories are integrated.
Table 2 Category of fluorescent lamp luminaires
15

Application

Lamp shape

For facilities Double-capped
type or compact
double tube type

Lamp size

Equipment with
Plants, warehouses, suthe lamp size of 86 permarkets, etc. (Installaor larger
tion height is generally approximately 3 m or more.)
Equipment withthe lamp size lessthan 86

Home use

Places mainly used (example)

Offices, schools, shops,
plants, warehouses, etc.
(Installation height is generally less than 3 m.)

Compacttype other thanShops, offices (hallways,
toilets, etc.), houses

double lamp type(rooms, hallways, etc.),
etc.

Ring type or dou- Equipment with
Larger room
ble-capped type
the total sum of
8-joh or more)
the lamp size of 70
or more (excluding
the double capped
type with the lamp
size of 20)(generally

Equipment with
General size room (usually
the total sum ofless than 8-joh)the lamp size lessthan 70 andequipment withthe total sum of 70
or more using
the double capped
type with the lamp
size of 20
Fluorescent Double-capped
table study type or compact
lamps
type

Table top

Note 1 “Lamp size” refers to the “value of size category” of fluorescent lamps specified in Japanese Industrial Standard C7601 “Fluorescent lamps for general lighting service” or in Japan
Electric Lamp Manufacturers Association Standard 211 “Fluorescent lamps (general light-

16

ing service) for high frequency illumination”. However, in the case of fluorescent lamps
that do not specify “value of size category”, the value of “rated lamp power” specified inJapanese Industrial Standard C7617-2 “Double-capped fluorescent lamps - Part2 : Performance specifications” shall be used for double-capped fluorescent lamps and the value of “rated lamp power” specified in Japanese Industrial Standard C7618-2 “Single capped fluorescent lamps - Part 2: Performance specifications” shall be used for ringtype and compact type fluorescent lamps.
Note 2 In the ring type fluorescent lamps, the lamp output value shall be used for the lamp size ofthe luminaires which use the fluorescent lamp for high frequency illumination.

17

Attachment 4

Target standard value of fluorescent lamp luminaires
1. Basic concept
Target standard values are set based on the top runner approach. The specificconcept is stated below:(1) A target standard value shall be set for each appropriate category of classification.
(2) If efficiency is expected to improve as a result of future technological advancement, the best effort shall be made to include such improvements in a target
standard value.
(3) Target standard values shall be consistent from category to category.
2. Products treated as a special part
In determination of the target standard value with the top runner method, if a productuses special technology, the share of the product concerned is considerably low inall products, the uncertainty element of the product is considered large in the future and the energy consumption efficiency of the product using the technology
concerned is determined to be the target standard value, it is highly probable that
products using the technology that is widely used cannot be present, that the market
is extremely narrowed or that improvement or innovation of other technologies may
be disturbed. In this case, the product is treated as a special part, and it shallbe excluded from the study in selection of the top runner value.
In this study, the following products are determined as a special part for each category.
(1) Equipment for facilities using double capped fluorescent lamps or double lamp
compact type fluorescent lamps with the lamp size of 86 or more
Equipment using FHP105 (double fluorescent lamp (105W) for high frequency
illumination)
Equipment using FHP105 is being converted to FHF86. It is currently manufactured by only one company in the market. The number of the shipment ratio is
only 5.5% of the category concerned. Thus, this shall be treated as a special
part.
* “Lamp size” refers to “value of size category” of the fluorescent lamp specified in Japa-

18nese Industrial Standard C7601 “Fluorescent lamps for general lighting service” or Japan Electric Lamp Manufacturers Association Standard 211 “Fluorescent lamps (generallighting service) for high frequency illumination”. However, in the case of fluorescentlamps that do not specify “value of size category”, the value of “rated lamp power” specified in Japanese Industrial Standard C7617-2 “Double-capped fluorescent lamps Part2 : Performance specifications” shall be used for double-capped fluorescent lamps
and the value of “rated lamp power” specified in Japanese Industrial Standard C7618-2“Single - capped fluorescent lamps - Part 2: Performance specifications” shall be used
for ring type and compact type fluorescent lamps. The same applies to paragraphs below.

(2) Equipment for facilities using double capped fluorescent lamps or double lamp
compact type fluorescent lamps with the lamp size less than 86
FPL32 (compact type double fluorescent lamp (32W) and FPL45 (compact
type double fluorescent lamp (45W))
Equipment using FPL32 and FPL45 is being converted to compact type fluorescent lamp FHP32 and FHP45 for high frequency illumination. It is currently
manufactured by only one company in the market. The number of the shipment
ratio is only 3.9% of the category concerned. Thus, this shall be treated as a
special part.
(3) Equipment for facilities using compact type fluorescent lamp other than double lamp type
FHH62 (8 fluorescent lamps for high frequency illumination (62W) and FHH82(8 fluorescent lamps for high frequency illumination (82W))
Applications of equipment using FHH62 and FHH82 are limited to down-light,
etc. for ceilings of 3 m or higher. It is currently manufactured by only one company in the market. The number of the shipment ratio is less than 1% of
the category concerned. Thus, this shall be treated as a special part.
(4) Equipment for home with the total sum of the lamp size of 70 or more using
the ring type or double capped type lamp (excluding the double capped fluorescent lamp with the lamp size of 20)
FHG90 (square fluorescent lamp for high frequency illumination (90W) andFHG110 (square fluorescent lamp for high frequency illumination (110W))
Equipment using FHG90 and FHG110 is not a standard lamp like the ones inJapanese Industrial Standard. It is currently manufactured by only one company
19

in the market. The number of the shipment ratio is less than 1% of the category
concerned. Thus, this shall be treated as a special part.
(5) Home use lamps with the total sum of the lamp size less than 70 using a ringtype or double capped type lamp and lamps with the total sum of the lamp
size of 70 or more using double capped fluorescent lamps with the size of 20
FHF24S (double capped type fluorescent lamp for high frequency illumination(24W))
Demand for equipment using FHF24S is very limited in the market. It is manufactured by only one company. The number of the shipment ratio is only 0.4% of
the category concerned. ln addition, although the luminaire is efficient in double capped fluorescent lamps, it is inferior to the ring type luminaire in the aspectof cost and efficiency. In the future, the number of shipment units will be reduced.
Thus, this shall be treated as a special part.
(6) Other very limited shipment number luminaires
Although the efficiency is good, the shipment number of units is very limited inluminaires with the same fluorescent lamp type or number of lamps mounted
due to use of a special type lamp. If it is difficult to have the efficiency ofthe concerned product equivalent with other products, this shall be treated as a
special part.
3. Room to improve energy consumption efficiency through the introduction of highly
efficient technology
The energy saving performance of fluorescent lamp luminaires can be enhanced by
improving the illumination efficiency and ballast (illumination circuit) efficiency ofthe lamp used. Since the technology development for illumination efficiency isalmost at its limit, large technological innovation is not expected in the future.
There is still a large difference between the equipment using highly efficient ballast(inverters) and the equipment not using them (magnetic type). There are still items
for the improvement of efficiency.
4. Specific target standard value(1) Basic concept
Luminaires are required to have an appropriate visual environment such as il20

lumination intensity or illumination distribution depending on the purpose or location. To develop styling or light distribution, a variety of lamp shapes, lamp
colors and luminaire shapes are available, and there are many types of luminaires.
Even if the lamp used is the same, there is difference in the luminaire temperature (lamp wall temperature) between luminaires with an exposed lamp and luminaires with a cover or louver for reduction of glare. Therefore, the power
consumption changes. (In general, the input power is reduced along with increase of the lamp temperature.)
Luminaires with the light control function have a complicated ballast circuit.
The power consumption is larger than luminaires without the light control function, and the efficiency is low.
As described above, the values of energy consumption efficiency vary for eachproduct depending on availability or combinations of luminaire shapes such as
covers or louvers, or functions including light control, even if the fluorescentlamp luminaire belongs to the same category. It is difficult to use the highest
energy consumption value uniformly as the target standard value inthe same category.
In contrast, determination of a target standard value for each lamp or function
type makes the categories detailed. A large energy saving effect may not
be achieved.
In this way, considering the performance of many types of luminaires, the target
standard value that can encourage efficiency improvement is the use of a highly
efficient ballast (inverter) like the type (Hf) for high frequency illumination withexcellent energy consumption efficiency.
(2) Determination of target standard value
Considering performance of many types of luminaires, to encourage improvement of efficiency with a highly efficient ballast (inverter), based on Principle 5 of“Basic concept on planning and revision of manufacturers’ evaluation standards
for performance improvement related to specific equipment”, the top runnervalue is determined by putting fluorescent lamps for high frequency illuminationthat give a large difference in energy consumption efficiency, fluorescent lamp
luminaires using dedicated inverters, and fluorescent lamp luminaires using
magnetic ballasts that provide illumination in commercial frequency inthe same category.
In specific, attention was paid to the elements that affect the energy consump21

tion efficiency from differencees in technology of each category, such as shape,size and the number of lamps, illumination method (Hf, inverter or magnetictype), output type (high output or rated output), lower surface condition(with/without cover), with/without light control function, light color, and they
were detailed and classified into product groups. In each group, the productshowing the most excellent performance was determined to be the top runnervalue of the product group concerned. Then, the weighted mean value ofthe top runner value of each product group is determined to be the top runnervalue of the whole category according to the shipment ratio of each product, andit shall be used as the value that represents the degree of improvement of energy consumption efficiency for the whole category.
Based on the top runner value determined as above, the target standard value shall be the value by adding the improvement of energy consumption efficiency, assuming further progress of the inverter until the target fiscal year, inview of the current shipment ratio of fluorescent lamp luminaires with excellent
efficiency using an inverter as in fluorescent lamps for high frequency illumination. (Refer to Figs. 1 to 6.)(Reference) Principle 5 of “Basic concept on preparation and revision of evaluation
standard for manufacturers related to improvement of performance ofspecific equipment”
Since highly advanced energy saving technology is used, equipment withexpensive and high energy consumption efficiency may be classified into
categories. It is desirable to handle them in the same category so that
manufacturers may sell products with excellent energy consumption efficiency in a positive manner.
Table 1 Category of fluorescent luminaire and target standards

Application

Lamp shapeCategory

Lamp sizeTop

Efficiency

Targetrunnerimprove-standard

value

ment (%)

value(lm/W)For facilities

Double-capped

I

Equipment with

type or compact

the lamp size of

double tube type86 or larger
II

Equipment withthe lamp

22(lm/W)

100.2

0.6%

100.8

96.1

4.6%

100.5

size less than86
Compact

III

58.7

4.9%

61.6

90.3

1.4%

91.6

69.3

12.7%

78.1

70.8

0%

70.8

type other thandouble lamp type
Home use

Ring type orIVEquipment withdouble-capped

the total sum oftype

the lamp size of
70 or more (excluding the double capped
type withthe lamp size of20)
V

Equipment withthe total sum of
the lamp
size less than
70 and equipment withthe total sum of
70 or more using the double capped
type withthe lamp size of
20

Fluorescent
table
lamps

Double-cappedVI

study type or compact
type

Note 1 “Lamp size” refers to the “value of size category” of fluorescent lamps specified in Japanese Industrial Standard C7601 “Fluorescent lamps for general lighting service” or in Japan
Electric Lamp Manufacturers Association Standard 211 “Fluorescent lamps (general lighting service) for high frequency illumination”. However, in the case of fluorescent lamps
that do not specify “value of size category”, the value of “rated lamp power” specified inJapanese Industrial Standard C7617-2 “Double-capped fluorescent lamps - Part2 : Performance specifications” shall be used for double-capped fluorescent lamps and the val-23

ue of “rated lamp power” specified in Japanese Industrial Standard C7618-2 “Single capped fluorescent lamps - Part 2: Performance specifications” shall be used for ringtype and compact type fluorescent lamps.
Note 2 In ring type fluorescent lamps, the lamp output value shall be used for the lamp size ofthe fixture which uses fluorescent lamps for high frequency illumination.

24

25
EPR 96/Two lamps or more/INV/Without light control

FRP96/1 lamp/INV/Without light control

FLR110/Two lamps or more/Magnetic type/Without light control

FLR110/1 lamp/Magnetic type/Without light control

FLR110/Two lamps or more/INV/Without light control

FLR110/Two lamps or more/INV/With light control

FLR110/1 lamp /INV/Without light control

FLR110/1 lamp/INV/With light control

FHF86/Two lamps or more/Hf/ Without light control

FHF86/Two lamps or more/Hf/ With light control

FHF86/1 lamp /Hf/Without light control

FHF86/1 lamp/Hf/With light control

Top runner value of
product group

Fig. 1 Target standard value of Category I (equipment for facilities using double capped fluorescent lamps or double lamp compact type fluorescent lamps
with the lamp size of 86 or more)* To determine the top runner value, the top runner value (level of ○) of each productgroup (e.g. FHF86/2 lamps or more/Hf/with light control) was multiplied for calculationby the shipment ratio (approximately 50%) of the product group concerned.

Fig. 2 Target standard value of Category II (equipment for facilities using
double capped fluorescent lamps or double lamp compact type fluorescentlamps with the lamp size less than 86)

26

FHF32/1 lamp/Hf/ With light control
FHF32/1 lamp /Hf/ Without light control
FHF32/ Two lamps or more /Hf/ With light control
FHF32/ Two lamps or more /Hf/ Without light control
FHF54/1 lamp /Hf/ Without light control
FHF54/ Two lamps or more /Hf/ Without light control
FLR40/1 lamp /INV/ With light control
FLR40/1 lamp /INV/ Without light control
FLR40/ Two lamps or more /INV/ With light control
FLR40/ Two lamps or more /INV/ Without light control
FLR40/1 lamp / Magnetic type / Without light control
FLR40/ Two lamps or more / Magnetic type / Without light control
FL40/1 lamp /INV/ Without light control
FL40/ Two lamps or more /INV/ Without light control
FL40/1 lamp / Magnetic type / Without light control
FL40/ Two lamps or more / Magnetic type / Without light control
FHP32/1 lamp /Hf/ With light control
FHP32/1 lamp /Hf/ Without light control
FHP32/ Two lamps or more /Hf/ With light control
FHP32/ Two lamps or more /Hf/ Without light control
FHP45/1 lamp /Hf/ With light control
FHP45/1 lamp /Hf/ Without light control
FHP45/ Two lamps or more /Hf/ With light control
FHP45/ Two lamps or more /Hf/ Without light control
FML36/ Two lamps or more /INV/ Without light control
FML36/1 lamp / Magnetic type / Without light control
FML36/2 lamp / Magnetic type / Without light control
FPL36/1 lamp /INV/ Without light control
FPL36/ Two lamps or more /INV/ Without light control
FPL36/1 lamp / Magnetic type / Without light control
FPL36/ Two lamps or more / Magnetic type / Without light control
FPL55/1 lamp /INV/ Without light control
FPL55/ Two lamps or more /INV/ Without light control

Fig. 3 Target standard value of Category III (equipment for facilities using compact
type fluorescent lamps other than the double lamp type)27

FDL9/1 lamp / Magnetic type / Without light control

FDL13/1 lamp / Magnetic type / Without light control

FDL18/1 lamp / Magnetic type / Without light control

FDL27/1 lamp / Magnetic type / Without light control

FHT16/1 lamp /INV/ Without light control

FHT24/1 lamp /INV/ Without light control

FHT32/ Two lamps or more /INV/ Without light control

FHT32/ Two lamps or more /INV/ With light control

FHT32/1 lamp /INV/ Without light control

FHT32/1 lamp /INV/ With light control

FHT42/ Two lamps or more /INV/ Without light control

FHT42/ Two lamps or more /INV/ With light control

FHT42/1 lamp /INV/ Without light control

FHT42/1 lamp /INV/ With light control

FHT57/ Two lamps or more /INV/ Without light control

FHT57/1 lamp /INV/ Without light control

28

FCL40/1 lamp / Magnetic type

FCL32/1 lamp / Magnetic type

FCL30+32/ Magnetic type

FCL30/1 lamp / Magnetic typeFL20/ Two lamps or more

FL20/1 lamp / Magnetic type

FHC40/INVFHC66/INVFHC38/INVFHC28/INV

FL40/1 lamp /INV

FL32/1 lamp /INVFCL30+32/INV

FCL30/2 lamp

FCL30/1 lamp /INV

FL20/ Two lamps or more

FL20/1 lamp /INV

Fig. 4 Target standard value of Category IV (equipment for home with the total sum of
the lamp size of 70 or more using the ring type or double capped type lamps(excluding double capped fluorescent lamps with the lamp size of 20)
FCL40+32+30/ Magnetic type

FCL40+32+30/INV

FCL32+40/ Magnetic type

FCL32+40/INV

FCL30+40/ Magnetic type

FCL30+40/INV

FHD40/ Two lamps or more /Hf

FHD70+100/Hf

FHD40+100/Hf

FHD100/Hf

FHD85/Hf

FHD70/Hf

FHD100+FHC58/Hf

FHC190/Hf

FHC152/Hf

FHC106/Hf

FHC144/Hf

FHC114/Hf

FHC86/Hf

FHC76/HfFHC20/1 lamp /INVFPL27/2 lamp /INVFPL27/1 lamp /INVFPL13/1 lamp /INVFML27/2 lamp /INVFML27/1 lamp /INV

FL20/1 lamp /INV

FL15/2 lamp /INV

FL15/1 lamp /INVFHL27/1 lamp /INVFHF24/1 lamp /INV

Fig. 5 Target standard value of Category V (equipment for home with the total sum of
the lamp size less than 70 using the ring type or double capped type lamps andlamps with the total sum of the lamp size of 70 or more using the double capped
fluorescent lamps with the size of 20)

Fig. 6 Target standard value of Category VI (equipment for table study lamps using
the double capped type or compact type fluorescent lamps)

29

Attachment 5

Energy consumption efficiency of luminaires and measurement methods

1. Basic concept
The current energy consumption efficiency of fluorescent lamp luminaires specified
in Energy Saving Law is the total luminous flux (lm/W) per power consumption. It
shall be obtained by dividing the total luminous flux (lm) of fluorescent lamps
mounted on the fluorescent luminaires by the power consumption of the fluorescentluminaires.
In measuring the current energy consumption efficiency of fluorescent lamp luminaires, it is reasonable to use brightness of fluorescent lamp luminaires continuously as an index. The current measurement method shall be basically used.
For the measurement method of the energy consumption efficiency for fluorescentlamp luminaires, the Japanese Industrial Standard C 8020 “Method of calculation on
fluorescent luminaire efficacy index” was determined in 2005. Since an element notdirectly related to energy consumption like effect of light intensity with/without acover affects the value of consumption efficiency, the definition of the energy consumption efficiency in the standard is not employed as is to determine the measurement method of the current energy consumption. The provision of a coefficientnecessary for calculation is partially quoted from the standard. (Refer to the attachment.)
2. Specific measurement methods for energy consumption efficiency of fluorescentlamp luminaires(1) Energy consumption efficiency
The energy consumption efficiency of fluorescent luminaires shall be the value obtained by dividing the total luminous flux (lm) of the fluorescent lamp
mounted on the fluorescent luminaire by the power consumption (W) of the florescent luminaire.
Total luminous flux (lm) of the fluorescent lamp
Energy consumption efficiency (lm/W) =mounted on the fluorescent luminaire
Power consumption (W) of fluorescent luminaire30(2) Measurement methods of energy consumption efficiency
The total luminous flux and the power consumption of fluorescent luminaires
shall be measured as follows:
1) Measurement method of total luminous flux
The total luminous flux of fluorescent luminaires shall be the value by multiplying the ballast output coefficient and the temperature compensation coefficient by the total luminous flux value of the individual fluorescent lamp (hereinafter referred to as the “rated total luminous flux value of lamp”) measured
with the method specified in optical characteristics of Japanese Industrial
Standard C7617-2 “Double-capped fluorescent lamps - Part2 : Performance specifications” and Japanese Industrial Standard C7618-2 “Single capped fluorescent lamps - Part 2: Performance specifications”.
* Total luminous flux means the total sum of luminous flux emitted in all directions from the light source.
Total luminous flux = (Rated total luminous flux value of lamp) x (Ballast light
output coefficient) x (Temperature compensation coefficient)i) Calculation of ballast light output coefficient
The ballast light output coefficient shall be the value obtained from the calculation method specified in the measurement of optical output coefficientby the sample ballast of Japanese Industrial Standard C 8020 “Method of
calculation on fluorescent luminaire efficacy index”.
ii) Calculation of temperature compensation coefficient
The temperature compensation coefficient shall be the coefficient specified
in Appendix 2 of Japanese Industrial Standard C 8020.
2) Measurement method of power consumption
The power consumption of fluorescent lamp luminaires shall be measured
with the method specified via Japanese Industrial Standard C 8105-3 “Luminaires - Part 3 : General requirements for performance”. After measuring
the tube wall temperature to calculate the temperature compensation coefficient, measurement shall be performed under the same conditions.

31

Attachment

Preparation of Japanese Industrial Standard C 8020 “Method of calculation on fluorescent luminaire efficacy index”

Japan Luminaires Association
1. Establishment history of Japanese Industrial Standard C 8020
(1) On December 17, 1998, the “final report of Fluorescent Lamp Luminaire Evaluation Standards Subcommittee, Energy Efficiency Standards Subcommittee, Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy” was submitted. Based on
the reasons below, the Japanese Industrial Standard C 8020 “Method of calculation on fluorescent luminaire efficacy index” was determined.
“No matter how large the energy consumption efficiency is, luminaires cannot
be good due to glare or lamp color rendition.
Because a good illumination
environment from luminaires can be basically achieved only with appropriate supply of both light intensity and quality from luminaires. It is important toselect luminaires effective for energy saving without impairing illumination quality.
(Excerpt from explanation in Japanese Industrial Standard C 8020)(2) Method of calculation on fluorescent luminaire efficacy index
For example, the energy consumption efficiency index of home fluorescent lamp
luminaires can be calculated from the formula below.
LEI=LER×K１×K２●LEI ：Energy consumption efficiency index of sample fluorescent luminaire●LER : Characteristic energy consumption efficiency (lm/W) of sample fluorescent luminaire●K１ : Color rendition coefficient of sample fluorescent lamp
●K２ : Combination coefficient of sensor function and light control function
LER=η×F×BF/P●η : Equipment efficiency of sample fluorescent lamp luminaire (%)
32

●F : Rated total luminous flux of sample fluorescent lamp (lm)
●BF : Light output coefficient of sample ballast●P : Input power of fluorescent lamp luminaire (W)
2. Issues of Japanese Industrial Standard C 8020 calculation method
JIS C 8020 provides the energy consumption efficiency index of fluorescent lamp
luminaires considering “both aspects of light intensity and quality from luminaires”.
For adoption in the Energy Saving Law, the following issues are present.
(1) By applying the luminaire efficiency introduced in Japanese Industrial Standard
C 8020, the total energy consumption efficiency of luminaires can be known.
An extreme example shows that a luminaire without a cover or louver on
the lower surface rather than a luminaire with a cover or louver which provides
quality light gives higher equipment efficiency. The simple introduction of anindex considering “both aspects of light intensity and quality from luminaires”
may adversely deteriorate light quality, which is contradictory.
(2) To cope with this, there are methods to divide categories into details forthe purpose and application. Luminaires for facilities and houses are basicallydesigned for the purpose and application. It is no exaggeration to say that eachmodel has own its category. Therefore, if corresponding categories are provided, the classifications are too detailed. It may be complex for users and it is
not preferred.
(3) A light distribution device is required to measure the luminaire efficiency.
There are several methods for measurement and the manufacturers are selecting the methods to introduce the device. Some companies do not possesslight distribution devices and variation of measurement values shall also
be considered. At present, there is no public institution that can measure luminaire efficiency. Certainty of the measurement value cannot be currently
assured.

33

Attachment 6

Energy Efficiency Standards Subcommittee, Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy
Luminaire Evaluation Standards Subcommittee
Meeting History

1st Subcommittee meeting (June 12, 2007)
・ Making the Luminaire Evaluation Standards Subcommittee open to the public
・ Achievement status of fluorescent lamp luminaires
・ Current status of luminaires
・ The scope of luminaire designation

2nd Subcommittee meeting (August 7, 2007)
・ Additional scope of luminaire designation
・ Energy consumption efficiency and measurement method

3rd Subcommittee meeting (November 14, 2008)
・ Category for target of fluorescent lamp luminaires
・ Concept of target standard value for fluorescent lamp luminaires

4th Subcommittee meeting (December 9, 2008)
・ Interim report (fluorescent lamp luminaires)・ Review of designation for bulbs and its future study

34

Attachment 7

Energy Efficiency Standards Subcommittee, Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy
Luminaire Evaluation Standards Subcommittee

Chairman

Kenichi Akiga, Professor/President, Setagaya Learning Center, Open
University of Japan

MemberMitsuo Akatsuka, Director of Japan Luminaires Association
Akira Ishihara, Managing Director of Energy Conservation Center(Participation from 3rd meeting)
Shoichiro Ozeki, Energy/Environment Technology General Manager ofEnergy Conservation Center(Participation in 1st and 2nd meetings)
Yoshihiko Ohtani, Professor, Dept. of Electric/Electronic Engineering,
College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University
Tamaki Kamata, Researcher of Product Testing Dept., National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan
Sadao Takahashi, Professor, Specializing in Architectural Engineering,
Dept. of Construction Engineering, Fukui University of Technology
Yukio Nakano, Senior Researcher, System Engineering Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
Hiroo Hasegawa, Deputy Dept. Manager, Energy Engineering Research
Dept., National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
Tetsuji Takeuchi, Executive Vice President, Japan Electric Lamp Manu35

facturers Association
Atsushi Honda, Japan Building Mechanical and Electrical Engineers Association
Yoshiko Miura, Public Affairs Manager, Japan Consumer's Association
Chiharu Murakoshi, Director and Deputy Manager, Jyukankyo ResearchInstitute Inc.

36

References

Current status of luminaires
1. Market of luminaires
1.1 Types of luminaires
Luminaires are classified into the large categories of “facilities (business purposessuch as offices, shops or plants)” and “home” depending on the application. They
are generally categorized into fluorescent lamp luminaires, incandescent lamp
luminaires and high intensity discharge lamps (hereinafter referred to as “HIDlamp”) according to the light source type.
Available fluorescent lamps used for these luminaires are general fluorescentlamps and Hf (for high frequency illumination) fluorescent lamps. Available illumination devices are magnetic ballast and electronic ballast (inverter: high frequency
illumination). Types of luminaires for application and their examples are shown
below.
Types of luminaires for application
Usage

Luminaire forfacilities

Luminaire for
home

Light
source type

Luminaire type

Fluorescentlamp

Fluorescent (1) - Facility, Fluorescent (2) Facility/home, Fluorescent (2) - Facility

Incandescent
lamp

White (1) - Home/facility

HID lamp

High - Facility

Fluorescentlamp

Fluorescent (2) - Facility/home, Fluorescent(3) - Home, Fluorescent (4) - Home

Incandescent
lamp

White (1) - Home/facility

HID lamp

High - Home1.1.1 Fluorescent lamp luminaires(1) Luminaires using fluorescent lamps that are 40W or larger (mainly for facilities)(Fluorescent (1) - Facility)

37

With embedded louver With embedded cover Open embedded lower surface Direct mount (Mt.
Fuji type)(2) Luminaires using fluorescent lamps that are less than 40W (mainly for home)

Direct mount (with cover) With embedded louver

BracketDirect mount (trough type)

Down-light(Fluorescent (2) - Facility/home) (Fluorescent (2) - Facility) (Fluorescent (2) - Facility/Home)(3) Ring type luminaire (mainly for home) (Fluorescent (3) - Home)

Direct mount type (with cover)Suspension type (pendant)

Chandelier type Bracket(4) Fluorescent study lamp (Fluorescent (4) - Home)(Double capped lamp is used.) (Compact lamp is used.)
1.1.2 Incandescent lamp luminaires(1) General type (for facilities and home)(White (1) - Home/facility)

Direct mount type Suspension type Down-light Bracket

38

Spot light Chandelier(2) Special application (Used at plant or workplace such as explosion-proof or
dust-proof) (White (2) - Facility)

Explosion-proof and dust-proof luminaires

1.1.3 HID lamp luminaires (mainly for facilities)

Highway lamp

For high ceilings

Flood light

Down-light(High - Facility)

Street light luminaire Tunnel lamp

Garden lamp

(High - Facility)(High - Home)

1.1.4 Main light source used for luminaires(1) Fluorescent lamp

General type: (FL/FLR) Less than 40W

General type (FL/FLR): 40W or more

Hf type: Less than 40W

Hf type: 40W or more
Double-capped type39

General type

Hf type General type/Hf type

Ring typeCompact type

Bulb typeMini-krypton bulb

Halogen bulb

(2) Incandescent bulb

General bulb

Ball bulb(2) HID lamp

(B type)(BT type)

1.2 Shipping movement of luminaires
The number of luminaire shipment units showed temporary recovery bylast-minute demand due to the increase of consumption tax in 1996 and the revision of the Law Concerning the Measures by Large-Scale Retail Stores for Preservation of Living Environment in 2000, but it declined after 1991.

40

80,000

High pressure discharge luminaire
Fluorescent lamp luminaire: 40W or more
Incandescent lamp luminaire: Special use

70,000
Incandescent lamp luminaire: General use
Fluorescent lamp luminaire: Study lamp

60,000

Fluorescent lamp luminaire: Ring type lamp
Fluorescent lamp luminaire: Less than 40W

50,00040,00030,00020,00010,000FY2005

FY2004

FY2003

FY2002

FY2001

FY2000

FY1999FY1998FY1997

FY1996

FY1994

FY1993

FY1992

FY1991

FY1990

FY1989FY1988

FY1987

FY1986

FY19850

1.3 Shipping movement of luminaires for each item
1.3.1 Fluorescent lamp luminaires
In fluorescent lamp luminaires, which are approximately 65% of luminaires,
home and facilities are almost half each. The changing movement for each item
is as follows.
In the home type, the employment of wide space at the ceiling surface with
sufficient clearance, the lightweight and thin design by using an inverter for
the illumination system, or a simple mounting method has made rapid changes
from almost the same ratio (38%) of the “suspension type” and “direct mounttype” to “direct mount type” in around 1994. Ring type direct mount models,
which can be used for both Japanese and western styling, are mainly used(52%).
The double capped lamp bracket (including others) has been showing a constant demand of 20% or more mainly for kitchen or sink lamps. The demand for
fluorescent study lamps has reduced.

41

(Refer to “Change of percentage for residence fluorescent lamp luminaires” by
the self-statistics of the Japan Luminaires Association.)

Change of home fluorescent lamp luminaires for each type
100%(7) Double capped lamp bracket

80%(6) Double capped lamp direct mount

60%(5) Ring type direct mount40%(4) Double capped lamp suspension20%(3) Chandelier(2) Ring type suspension0%(1) Study lamp

1991 92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99 2000 01

02

03

04

05
Fiscal year

Source: Self-statistics of the Japan Luminaires Association

1.3.2 Incandescent lamp luminaires
Incandescent lamp luminaires are approximately 30% of the total luminaires.
The percentage almost remains unchanged. It is popular because of flexibility
in styling, ease of light control and warmth.
Since the application of incandescent luminaires is diversified, it is difficult toclassify them into facilities and home. They are not classified in
the self-statistics of the Japan Luminaires Association. Based on the item
movement of the statistics, the ratio of “embedded luminaires” (mainly
down-light) showed an increase. It increased from approximately 30% in 1994
to approximately 45% in 2005. In contrast, the ratio of direct mount luminaires
reduced from approximately 30% to approximately 20%. The ratio of suspen42

sion luminaires also reduced by several percent.
(Refer to “Change of percentage for incandescent lamp luminaires” by
the self-statistics of the Japan Luminaires Association.)

Incandescent lamp luminaires for each type100%(16) Incandescent and others(15) Incandescent chandelier90%(14) Incandescent bracket

80%
70%
(13)

60%

Incandescentem-

bedded

50%
40%
30%

(12) Incandescent direct mount

20%(11) Incandescent suspension(10) Incandescent study

10%
0%

lamp

1991 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 20 00 01 02 03 04 05 Fiscal year
Source: Self-statistics of the Japan Luminaires Association
Source: Self-statistics of the Japan Luminaires Association

1.3.3 HID lamp luminaires
HID lamp luminaires are approximately 5% of total luminaires and the percentage almost remains unchanged. Outdoor lamps reduced due to reductionof investment in public sectors such as roads or public facilities. In contrast, investments for large shops, plants, logistic warehouses, etc. have been active,
and the reduction is compensated by indoor lamps.
1.4 Import/export movement of luminaires
The item classification for import/export of luminaires is different from that in Japan and the quantity statistics is not available. Therefore, the amount (FOB/CIF)
of custom statistics by the Ministry of Finance is used.
43

The import amount of luminaires reached 46.6 billion yen (approximately 9% of
the shipment amount in Japan) in 2006 (calendar year) which is more than double the amount in 1999. In this figure, imports from China (including Hong Kong.
This applies to the terms below.) are 29 billion yen, which is 62%. Most of them
are reverse imports from local Japanese companies or OEM products under license agreement.

Change of import/export for luminaires
AmountSource: Trade statisticsSource:by the Ministry
Finance*byExcludingnon-electric
type and Christmas tree
Tradeofstatistics
the Ministryof FinanceCIF 100 million yen

500

4 66
4 40
4 18

TaiwanThailand

400

1 76
3 17

3 30

1 73

1 68

2 10
200

1 94

1 85
1 66

1 48

2 67

100
1 00

1 32

1 62

1 92

2 90

2 20

China

Import2 66

States
Italy
etc.

1 98
300

Unites

The entire world

3 86

62

Export

0
65

58

56

58

74

76

64

Amount -100

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

FOB 100 million yen

68

2006 Calendar year

1.5 Major manufacturers and distributors in Japan
1.5.1 Fluorescent lamp luminaires for facilities
Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation
Mitsubishi Electric Lighting Co. Hitachi Lighting, Ltd.
Odelic Co., Ltd. Koizumi Lighting Technology Corp. Daiko ElectricCo., Ltd. Endo Lighting Co., Ltd.
NEC Lighting, Ltd. Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd.
1.5.2 Fluorescent lamp luminaires for home44

Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. NEC Lighting, Ltd. Koizumi Lighting Technology Corp. Maruzen Electric Co., Ltd.
Odelic Co., Ltd. Toshiba Home Lighting Corp. Takizumi Electric Industries,
Co., Ltd.
Hitachi Lighting, Ltd. Twinbird Corp. Daiko Electric Co., Ltd. Mitsubishi
Electric Lighting Co.
Yamada Shomei Lighting Co., Ltd.
1.5.3 Incandescent lamp luminaires
Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation
Koizumi Lighting Technology Corp. Daiko Electric Co., Ltd. Odelic Co., Ltd.
Endo Lighting Co., Ltd. Mitsubishi Electric Lighting Co. Maxray Inc. Hitachi Lighting, Ltd.
Yamagiwa Corp. Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd. Yamada Shomei Lighting Co.,
Ltd. Takizumi Electric Industries, Co., Ltd. NEC Lighting, Ltd.
1.5.4 HID lamp luminaires
Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation
Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd. Endo Lighting Co., Ltd. Koizumi Lighting Technology Corp.
Daiko Electric Co., Ltd. Koito Industries, Ltd. Mitsubishi Electric Lighting Co.
GS Uasa Power Supply Ltd. Lighting Business Unit
Maxray Inc. Hitachi Lighting, Ltd. Maruwa Shomei Co., Ltd. Odelic Co.,Ltd.
Yamada Shomei Lighting Co., Ltd. Yamagiwa Corp.
1.5.5 General lighting bulbs
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation Mitsubishi Osram Co. Hitachi Lighting, Ltd.
Riken Co., Ltd. Yes Co., Ltd. Hakuyo Denkyu Co., Ltd.
Kyokukou Denki
Co., Ltd.
GE Consumer Products Japan, Ltd. Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd.
1.5.6 Bulb type fluorescent lamp
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation Mitsubishi Osram Co. Hitachi Lighting, Ltd.
NEC Lighting, Ltd. Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd.
45

1.5.7 HID lamp
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation Mitsubishi Osram Co. Hitachi Lighting, Ltd.
NEC Lighting, Ltd. Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd. GS Uasa Power Supply Ltd.
Lighting Business Unit
Philips Electronics Japan, Ltd. Koto Electric Co., Ltd. Fuji Lamp Inc.
Wako Electric Equipment Co., Ltd.
2. Current status of fluorescent lamp luminaires and future actions
2.1 Actions for current energy saving law(1) Situation to achieve the target
A new target value with the top runner method was determined at the end of
March in 1998 and fiscal year 2005 was determined to be the target fiscal year
for fluorescent lamp luminaires.
The achievement value of the target fiscal year (2005) for each category, andthe achievement status of the standard value for each year are as follows:● Fluorescent lamp luminaires for facilities
Category

Total of (1)to (4)(1) FLR110(2) Hf40(3) FLR40(4) FL40

79.0

86.5

71.0

60.5

FY1999

77.9

87.9

68.5

64.9

72.3

EnergyFY2000

82.3

92.3

69.3

67.0

75.8

consumption

FY2001

84.5

92.7

69.0

66.8

77.1

efficiency

FY2002

87.3

98.0

68.9

68.3

81.8

(lm/W)

FY2003

89.9

100.6

71.1

67.4

84.8

FY2004

94.7

101.5

71.9

68.0

87.5

98.1

101.6

72.4

67.7

89.2

(98.1)(101.6)(72.4)(67.7)(89.2)

20.2

13.7

3.9

2.8

16.9

Standard(2005)

FY2005
Improvement lm/W

Survey by the Japan Luminaires Association. The values in ( ) are surveyed by
the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

46

● Fluorescent lamp luminaires for home

Category

EnergyStandard

Electronic

Magnetic

ballastballast

FCL

FCL

Over

Over

62 to

72

72

or less/
Electronicballast(10) FCL
62 or

Subtotalless/of (5) to

Magnetic(10)

ballast

49.0

81.0

82.0

75.5

59.0

FY1999

80.2

52.6

84.1

72.9

75.4

58.4

64.4

FY2000

80.5

50.8

85.5

74.5

76.4

57.6

71.2

FY2001

80.5

52.2

88.1

77.9

79.3

59.5

76.0

FY2002

80.4

52.2

90.3

79.2

79.2

59.8

76.6

FY2003

81.5

52.3

91.1

79.3

79.8

59.7

77.9

FY2004

80.9

56.5

91.7

80.0

79.9

60.5

80.3

80.5

57.0

91.6

83.7

82.6

60.8

81.5

(80.3)(57.0)(91.6)(83.8)(82.6)(61.4)(81.5)

0.3

4.4

7.5

10.8

7.2

2.4

17.1

tion efficiency(6) FL20/(9) FCL 6277.0(2005)

consump-(5) FL20/

(8)

(7)

FY2005(lm/W)
Improvement lm/W

Survey by the Japan Luminaires Association. The values in ( ) are surveyed by
the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
● Fluorescent table study lamps(11) TaCategory

ble study(12) Table FL

Total of (11) to

lamp

(12)

compact lamp
EnergyStandard

consump-(2005)

tion efficiency(lm/W)

62.5

61.5

FY1999

65.1

59.3

64.8

FY2000

63.0

60.4

62.5

FY2001

62.5

61.0

62.3

FY2002

64.4

61.8

64.0

FY2003

64.7

61.6

64.2

47

FY2004
FY2005
Improvement lm/W

67.0

66.6

67.0

67.7

68.8

67.7

(67.2)(68.5)(67.3)

2.6

9.5

2.9

Survey by the Japan Luminaires Association. The values in (the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

) are surveyed by

2.2 Actions for future energy saving
The illumination devices used for fluorescent lamp luminaires are classified into
the magnetic ballast and the electronic ballast (inverter). The magnetic ballast has
been used since development of the fluorescent lamp and various improvements
have been made until now. It is completed from engineering point of view.
Therefore, to further promote energy saving of fluorescent lamp luminaires, it isnecessary to shift to the electronic ballast (inverter) with higher energy saving
performance. In particular, it is important to shift to the luminaires for high frequency illumination, which is called the Hf method.
Based on the change to use of inverters, which is directly linked to energy saving,
the ratio has been consistently increasing. The records in FY2005 were 78.9%(41.9% in FY1995) for the ring type direct mount which is the major product forhome fluorescent lamp luminaires, 76.2% (10.3% in FY1995) for 40W (32W) or
more which is the major product for facility fluorescent lamp luminaires, 57.5%(28.6% in FY1995) for overall home fluorescent lamp luminaires, 62.8% (9.0% in
FY1995) for overall facility fluorescent lamp luminaires and 60.2% (19.4% in
FY1995) for overall fluorescent lamp luminaires.
An engineering issue for fluorescent lamps is the improvement of lamp illumination efficiency. However, a significant technical innovation cannot be expected. To
further propel energy saving in the future, improvement of the inverter ratio is
the largest issue.

48

Statistical survey by the Japan Luminaires Association
3. Current status of incandescent lamp luminaires and future actions
Incandescent lamps have features of warm light color, glittering, small shape, etc.
which are not seen in other light sources. In addition, it has an advantage of not
requiring a ballast. The design freedom as luminaires is high and it is widely used at
general homes and facility buildings.
In contrast, the lamp efficiency of incandescent bulbs is 13.5 lm/W (JIS C
7501-2000) for the most popular rated power consumption of 60W, which is low inview of the illumination principle. At present, the rated power consumption of 54W
which has achieved approximately 10% energy saving is popular. Still, the lamp efficiency is only 15 lm/W. Further technical improvements have almost reached theirlimit and improvements may not be expected in the future.
(1) Improvement by change of filament design
Filament has a coil-wound design. The denser a coil is wound, the better efficiency is. This accuracy is almost at its limit, and further improvement willcause disadvantages such as shortened product life or less durability against
vibration.
(2) Improvement by change of sealing gas and sealing pressure49

A change from current argon gas is expected, but there is no alternative with
better efficiency than argon gas based on the evaluation including costs.
The sealing pressure has also reached the upper limit of glass processing. In
this process, the sealing gas and sealing pressure were changed for improvement, although the cost is high. Mini-krypton bulbs and halogen bulbs
were developed, but improvement of the energy consumption efficiency was
still remaining at approximately 16 to 21 lm/W.
(3) Improvement by change of filament material
By using a material with a higher melting point, improvement of the filament
temperature and an increase of visible light radiation are expected. In view ofservice life, mechanical strength and costs, development of a new material
cannot be expected with the present technology.
In the future, to make further progress of energy saving in this field, it is important to change incandescent lamps to bulb type fluorescent lamps, considering
the use of incandescent lamp features. The power consumption of a bulb
type fluorescent lamp equivalent to incandescent lamps with the general rated
power consumption of 54W is only approximately 12W. Replacement can reduce the power consumption to less than 1/4, which leads to definite energy
saving.
The figure shows the change of shipment units for general illumination bulbs tobe replaced and bulb type fluorescent lamps, and the shipment ratio of bulb
type fluorescent lamps. The shipment unit ratio of the bulb type fluorescentlamp in 2006 was approximately 17%.
In the future, it is important to increase this ratio for progress in energy saving.

50

Statistical survey by the Japan Electric Lamp Manufacturers Association

4. Current status of HID lamp luminaires and future actions
The HID lamps for general illumination are classified into three large categories ofhigh pressure mercury lamps, metal halide lamps and high pressure sodium lamps.
In the light sources for general illumination, they are used for outdoor illumination inlarge-scale spaces such as squares, shopping streets, roads and sports facilities,
and also for indoor illumination such as plants and shop facilities, with the featuresof relatively high luminous flux, high efficiency, high luminance and long life.
To explain the history of the HID lamp, the high pressure mercury lamp appeared
for the first time in 1901. Approximately 60 years later, the high pressure sodium
lamp which sought after lamp efficiency and the metal halide lamp which sought
after color rendition (Ra) were developed one after another. Recently, combining
the technologies of the high pressure sodium lamp and the metal halide lamp,
the metal halide lamp (ceramic metal halide lamp) with high efficiency, and using
the ceramic illumination tube which greatly improved high color rendition, has been
rapidly becoming popular.
Lamp efficiency and color rendition (Ra) of representative models for various HID
lamps are as shown in the table below. The high pressure mercury lamp is
the most inexpensive but the lamp efficiency is the lowest. This lamp uses the illumination principle of fluorescent lamps. Higher pressure and temperature thanthose of a fluorescent lamp achieve high luminous flux per beam, using illumination51

of the mercury itself. Since the illumination wavelength (including illumination withlow efficiency that can feel brightness) is fixed, in principle, the lamp efficiency limit
is approximately 55 lm/W. To obtain better lamp efficiency, the lamp
service life needs to be sacrificed. The technical limit is almost reached.
Various HID lamps(2)

Shipment efficiency

Representative models(%)

Lamp efficiency

Ra

60
80
25

400W

Metal halide lamp

37
54

360W

55
115

High pressure sodium lamp

9

360W

125

High pressure mercury lamp
(1)

Color rendition(lm/W)(Note 1) The representative model of the metal halide lamp is the ceramic metal halide lamp.
(Note 2) Ratio of annual shipment units in 2006

Survey by the Japan Electric Lamp Manufacturers Association
The lamps that compensated defects in this principle and achieved high efficiency
were the high pressure sodium lamp and the metal halide lamp, which were introduced dozens of years later. By sealing sodium or metal halide in addition to
mercury, highly efficient and a wide range of illumination that can feel brightness
are achieved, resulting in great improvement in lamp efficiency. Both lamps require high voltage at the start in comparison with the high pressure mercury lamp.
Many of the features are not compatible. Ballast and, in a case, luminaire, have tobe replaced. Smooth replacement is not in progress.
Although there are issues like the above, it is effective to replace high pressure mercury lamps with high pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps forachievement of energy saving in this field.
The figure shows a change in shipment units of various HID lamps after 2000. In
view of energy saving, replacement with metal halide lamps has recently been inprogress. In the future, it will be important to increase this ratio.

52

Statistical survey by the Japan Electric Lamp Manufacturers Association

53