NEW YORKER FILMS PRESENTS

LIFE AND DEBTA Film by Stephanie BlackCRITICS JURY PRIZE
L.A. FILM FESTIVAL 2001

Press Contacts:
Rebeca Conget
New Yorker Films
16 West 61st Street
New York, NY 10023
Ph. 212-247-6110 ext. 204
Fax. 212-307-7855

Info@newyorkerfilms.com

www.lifeanddebt.org

SYNOPSIS
Jamaica, land of sea, sand and sun. And a prime example of the complexities of
economic globalization on the world's developing countries.
Using conventional and non-conventional documentary techniques, this searing film
dissects the "mechanism of debt" that is destroying local agriculture and industry in Third
World countries while substituting them with sweat-shops and cheap imports. With avoice-over narration written by Jamaica Kincaid, adapted from her non-fiction book "A
Small Place," "Life and Debt" is an unapologetic look at the "new world order" from thepoint of view of Jamaican workers, farmers, government and policy officials, who see thereality of globalization from the ground up.
The documentary film includes interviews with Former Prime Minister Michael Manley,
Deputy Director of the International Monetary Fund Stanley Fischer, and shortcommentary by President of Haiti-Jean-Bertrand Aristide and Former President of
Ghana-Jerry Rawlings. But the articulate voices of those impacted by the policies ofglobalization are foremost.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Two international financial institutions wield enormous power over the lives of tens of
millions of people around the world. We only recently hear about them in the major
news media, and when we do, we are told that they function tirelessly to encourage"reforms," so that less-developed countries can get their economies in order. From
Russia to Thailand to Bolivia to Chile to Haiti, the International Monetary Fund andWorld Bank offer loans of billions of dollars, provided that the recipient nations
adhere to strict "structural adjustment" programs. These programs include imposing
earning limits on foreign investment, devaluation of local currency to increase exports,
suppressing wages, cutting social services such as health care and education, and keeping
the state out of many potentially profitable endeavors. Furthermore, commercial banks
take their cue from IMF/World Bank approval: Governments who won't follow
IMF/World Bank prescriptions get cut off from international commercial lending aswell -- no matter how well those governments may be serving their own people. With thecollapse of the Eastern bloc, the free-market economy is now seen as the only viableeconomic system. Yet, within this system, much of the Third World is not receiving its
share of global resources -- it contributes a great deal more than it receives.
Every morning in Jamaica, thousands of women rise early and travel from theirresidential communities to the factories lining the wharf in Kingston to sew American
goods in the "Free Zone" area. Meanwhile, hundreds of other Jamaicans travel to theresort areas lining the north coast. Some go to low-paying jobs in the hotels and shops
and others, with no formal jobs at all, see whether they can earn a few dollars showing
the tourists the sights or braiding their hair, or hawking crafts on the beach. Farmers
without the aid of subsidies try to grow their crops as inexpensively as possible tocompete with low export prices from Central and South America.
All of these people's lives operate as part of an economic order in which their laborbenefits foreign interests more than their own or their country's. This order is enforcedby the IMF, the World Bank, U.S. AID and international trade agreements. Under theguise of providing developmental support to Third World countries, these institutions
actually operate to control the economies and, in many cases, the political systems ofthese nations, crippling their efforts toward self-reliance.
Jamaica -- like many other developing countries -- attempted to build its economy, after
400 years of colonization, on policies of self-sufficiency and independence. Due to avariety of external and internal pressures, it was unable to do so without foreign bankloans. Funds obtained through arrangements with the International Monetary Fundrequired austerity measures that proved to be anathema to progressive reforms. At
present, Jamaica, along with many Third World countries, has built up an astronomical
external debt that must be paid in U.S. dollars. In 1991, 8 billion Jamaican dollars wereused to buy the foreign exchange (640 million U.S. dollars) needed to service the debt.
In 1992, as a result of "structural adjustment" policies mandated by the IMF, theJamaican dollar was devalued and 18 billion Jamaican dollars were then needed toservice the loan. Consequently, all government spending on education, health, social
welfare, etc., has been cut by over 50 percent; great numbers of civil servants have been
dismissed; and import regulations have been eliminated. According to the World Bank,of the total money lent to Jamaica, less than 10 percent actually stays within the country.
The rest is returned to the donor countries, to the perpetual detriment of the small nation.
While Jamaica is seen to be on the path of "success," according to public IMF evaluation,
statistics of wealth distribution cite Jamaica as having nearly the worst internal
distribution of wealth of any country on the globe, second only to South Africa. As
Jamaica has been subject for nearly twenty-five years to the policies of the IMF, World
Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank, among other international institutions,the country is a prime example to shed light on how these institutions function toreorganize global production and promote the interests of wealthy Western nations. At
present, the IMF and World Bank operate under a veil of secrecy, rendering theminaccessible to intense public scrutiny; they are accountable to no one but themselves.
By lending to its audience a greater understanding of these institutions, it is our hope thatthe documentary will help to make the organizations accountable to the people in whosename they act.

THE FILM
Utilizing excerpts from the award-winning non-fiction text "A Small Place" by
Jamaica Kincaid, Life & Debt is a woven tapestry of sequences focusing on the stories
of individual Jamaicans whose strategies for survival and parameters of day-to-day
existence are determined by the U.S. and other foreign economic agendas. By combining
traditional documentary telling with a stylized narrative framework, the complexity ofinternational lending, structural adjustment policies and free trade will be understoodin the context of the day-to-day realities of the people whose lives they impact.
The film opens with the arrival of vacationers to the island-- utilizing Ms. Kincaids text
as voice-over, we begin to understand the profound contrasts behind the breathtaking
natural beauty of the island. The poetic urgency of Ms. Kincaids text lends a first-person
understanding of the legacy of the country's colonial past, and to it's present day
economic challenges. For example, as we see a montage of the vacationer in her hotel, avoice-over narrates: "When you sit down to eat your delicious meal, it's better that you
don't know that most of what you are eating came off a ship from Miami. There is aworld of something in this, but I can't go into it right now" (adapted excerpt from
"A Small Place".)
As we begin to understand the post-colonial landscape outlined in Ms. Kincaids text, we
cut to archival footage of Former Prime Minister Michael Manley in a post-independence
speech condemning the IMF stating that "the Jamaican government will not accept
anybody, anywhere in the world telling us what to do in our own country. Above all,
we're not for sale."
Former Prime Minister Michael Manley was elected on a non-IMF platform in 1976. He
was forced to sign Jamaica's first loan agreement with the IMF in 1977 due to lack of
viable alternatives-- a global pattern common throughout the Third World. At present
Jamaica owes over $4.5 billion to the IMF, the World Bank and the Inter-American
Development Bank (IADB) among other international lending agencies yet themeaningful development that these loans have "promised" has yet to manifest. In
actuality the amount of foreign exchange that must be generated to meet interest
payments and the structural adjustment policies which have been imposed with theloans have had a negative impact on the lives of the vast majority. The country is payingout increasingly more than it receives in total financial resources, and if benchmark
conditionalities are not met, the structural adjustment program is made more stringent
with each re negotiation. To improve balance of payments, devaluation (which raises thecost of foreign exchange), high interest rates (which raise the cost of credit), and wage
guidelines (which effectively reduce the price of local labor) are prescribed. The IMF
assumes that the combination of increased interest rates and cutbacks in government
spending will shift resources from domestic consumption to private investment. It isfurther assumed that keeping the price of labor down will be an incentive for increasing
employment and production. Increased unemployment, sweeping corruption, higher
illiteracy, increased violence, prohibitive food costs, dilapidated hospitals, increased
disparity between rich and poor characterize only part of the present day economic crisis.

In one segment addressing the Free Trade Zones, we meet workers who sew five-six daysa week for American corporations to earn the legal minimum wage of $30 U.S./week($1200 - $1500 Jamaican dollars/week). The port of Kingston is lined with high-security
factories, made available to foreign garment companies at low rent. These factories areoffered with the additional incentive of the foreign companies' being allowed to bring inshiploads of material there tax-free, to have them sewn and assembled and then
immediately transported out to foreign markets. Over 10,000 women currently work forforeign companies under sub-standard work conditions. The Jamaican government, inorder to ensure the employment offered, has agreed to the stipulation that no unionizationis permitted in the Free Trade Zones. Previously, when the women have spoken out andattempted to organize to improve their wages and working conditions, they have been
fired and their names included on a blacklist ensuring that they never work again. Free
Trade Zones are encouraged by the U.S. government, for example projects financed by
the U.S. Agency for International Development (U.S. AID) have used over $34,960,000
in U.S. tax dollars to target, persuade and provide incentives to American companies torelocate offshore in Jamaica. Yet as a result of NAFTA, these dismal yet precious jobs
are being lost to Mexico, Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic.
Another segment tells the story of a chicken plant which had a flourishing businessselling high-quality chicken to the domestic Jamaican market. Business has recently
been undercut by U.S. "dumping" of low-grade chicken parts in Jamaica . While there
are many restrictions on foods and goods imported into the U.S., there are often norestrictions on food and goods exported to foreign developing countries. Agreements
such as NAFTA and the Caribbean Basin Initiative function to enforce this inequity
under the guise of "free trade."
Life & Debt includes a segment on the banana industry wherein Jamaica has been
granted preferential treatment from the British through the Lome Convention, providing a
tax-free import quota for 105,000 tons/fruit per year to England. Through a case that the
U.S. brought to the WTO, the U.S. government is demanding the Lome Convention quota
removed, (although the U.S. does not grow bananas on its own soil) forcing Jamaica tocompete with exporters from Central America and South America. Specifically Chiquita
and Dole, which are U.S. companies who produce bananas on a large scale. Central
America is characterized by cheaper labor, a different soil type, high rainfall and aclimate suited to large-scale banana production and thus more efficient. In 1993, a strike
at Chiquita Farms in Colombia with 25,000 workers protesting for better wages was
settled by firing shots at the striking workers and killing 40 people; the banana ships
rolled insuring Chiquita's high rate of "efficiency." Jamaica's entire banana production
could be produced by one farm in Central America. Bananas bring in 23 million US to
Jamaica, comprising 8% of all exports. Yet, in the Windward Islands, bananas accountfor 50% of all total exports. In St. Lucia, St.Vincent, bananas also comprise a significant% of total exports, so quota loss will impact the entire Caribbean. At present theEuropean Union has granted $600 million to help Jamaica become more efficient in theirbananaproduction so that they may attempt to compete on the "free market" in year 2001. The
quota that is being so forcefully contested by US multinationals is under 5% of all globalbanana production. It is unlikely that the banana industry in Jamaica could match theprice of bananas from Central America. Already, the number of small banana growers on
the island have shrunk from 45,000 to 3,000.
Every country aims to be self-sufficient in milk production. The milk farmers in the
U.S., Australia, New Zealand, and the European Union all receive huge subsidies to keep
their milk prices low. Thus when the milk solids from the U.S. or Europe are exported
they are at an artificially low price due to huge subsidies. Jamaica's local production ofmilk was on a strong upward climb. In a 5 year period (1987-1992) the industry grew to30
million liters, producing over 25% of the nations consumption, and was poised to rapidly
increase production. In 1992, liberalization policies demanded that the import taxes
placed on imported milk solids from Western countries be eliminated and subsidies to the
local industry removed. In 1993, one year after liberalization, millions of dollars of
unpasteurized local milk had to be dumped, 700 cows were slaughtered pre-maturely andseveral dairy farmers closed down operations. At present, the industry has sized downnearly 60% and continues to decline. It is unlikely the dairy industry will ever revitalise
its growth.
Life & Debt aims to clarify the impact that these economic policies have on the day-today lives of the people they are said to benefit. The voting rights within the IMF areroughly proportionate to the contributions paid in by member nations. The breakdown of
the democratic process becomes clear as the Jamaican people are removed fromparticipation in the decisions that truly affect their lives. The IMF promotes an agenda ofmonetary austerity, currency devaluation, and lowering wages. The goal is to reduce
inflation by balancing a nation's loan repayments and imports with its export earnings.
The result is usually a recession. The World Bank takes a longer run perspective. It aims
for structural adjustment, which means trying to transform a borrower nation's economy
into a free- market economy. It typically proposes market deregulation, sometimes
accompanied by new lending from the World Bank and private lenders. These policies
are supposed to benefit Third World economies by integrating them into the global
market. What actually happens is that Third World people suffer, while commercial
banks in the North collect a great deal of interest. In Jamaica, only 5 percent of totalmoney borrowed since 1977 has been able to stay inside the country.
The lessons of Jamaica--where these policies have been in effect for nearly twenty-fiveyears--extend far beyond its shores. In nearby Haiti, former President Aristide waspressured to accept loans from the IMF; in Russia, billions in IMF loans have been
accepted for the first time and the country is already suffering from the stringent
conditions prescribed by the Fund; throughout Africa, countries struggle to meetscheduled adjustments. Life & Debt is a tribute to the ingenuity and strength of thepeople who defy the odds of survival, yet its primary aim is to inform audiences in the
U.S. of the impact these policies have on our neighbors abroad.

FILMMAKERS’ BIOGRAPHIESSTEPHANIE BLACK - PRODUCER/DIRECTOR
Filmography includes the award-winning feature-length documentary "H-2 Worker"(16mm 70min col) which won both Best Documentary and Best Cinematography at the1990 Sundance Film Festival. Produced and directed by Stephanie Black, the film wasselected to be the U.S. representative in the prestigious Semaine de la Critique (Critic’s
Week) section at Cannes, in addition to winning many festival awards including the John
Grierson Award at the American Film and Video Festival in 1991 and Special Gold JuryAward at the Houston Film Festival 1991. The film, which documents the plight of the
10,000+ Caribbean men who are brought to Florida each year under a temporary
guestworker ("H-2") visa to harvest sugar cane for American Sugar Corporations, wasalso screened in the Library of Congress and the Florida State Senate. The film wasbroadcast on national PBS as well as on national television in twenty countries abroad.
Upon completion of "H-2 Worker" Stephanie Black was hired as the Chief Researcher
and Second Unit Director of "Incident at Oglala" (35mm 90min col) an award-winningfeature-length documentary on Leonard Peltier and the activities of the F.B.I. on the Pine
Ridge Reservation during the 1970's. The film was produced by Robert Redford anddirected by Michael Apted.
For over ten years, Stephanie Black has been producing and directing live-action
documentary segments for Children's Television Workshop for Sesame Street. To date,over fifty short segments have been conceived, produced and directed by Ms. Black for
Sesame Street. In addition Ms. Black has produced segments for Nickelodeon's "U to U"
show, CTW's "Big Bag" seen on the Cartoon Network and PBS's "Zoom". StephanieBlack produced and directed a PSA on the problem of lack of equal economic
opportunity in the U.S. entitled "More Than Luck" for Direct Impact, a non-profit
organization in Athens, Georgia.
For over ten years, Stephanie Black has been producing and directing music videos and
EPK's for such artists as Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers, Buju Banton, Snow,
Anthony B., INOJ, among others. In 1999, Stephanie Black directed and produced a 30minute documentary on the "Making of Chant Down Babylon" a Bob Marley tributealbum produced by Stephen Marley featuring Lauryn Hill, Busta Rhymes and Erykah
Badu, among others.
Other related work experience includes Adjunct Professor of Documentary Film at the
School of Visual Arts 1991-1994 and presently instructor of documentary workshops at
Y/FVA in NYC.

MALIK SAYEED, KYLE KIBBE, ALEX NEPOMNIASCHY
AND RICHARD LANNAMAN-CINEMATOGRAPHY
The documentary combines the talents of four outstanding cinematographers-Malik
Sayeed, Kyle Kibbe, Alex Nepomniaschy and Richard Lannaman. Malik Sayeed's
credits include Spike Lee's "Clockers" "Girl 6" and "He's Got Game" as well as Hype
Williams "Belly" and Ice Cubes "The Players Club." Kyle Kibbe has shot numerous
documentaries including the award-winning "Bitter Cane" and "Rezistance" and Alex
Nepomniaschy's credits include the award-winning documentary "Beirut: The Last Home
Movie." Richard Lannaman is one of Jamaica's most talented cinematographer's, recent
credits include "Third World Cop."
JOHN MULLEN - EDITORJohn Mullen's editing career spans over thirty-five years and includes theaward-winning films "H-2 Worker" directed by Stephanie Black; "Beirut: The Last
Home Movie" directed by Jennifer Fox; "Warrior: The Story of Leonard Peltier" directedby Suzie Baer; and "Rezistance" produced by Crowing Rooster Productions. Other
editing credits include musical documentaries such as "Headin for Broadway," atheatrical release produced by 20th Century Fox; "Rock World," a special for NBC; and"Working," a PBS special; and a Time-Life series of television shorts. For over five
years, John was the supervising editor of the Emmy award-winning children's series"Big Blue Marble."
JAMAICA KINCAID- WRITER OF VOICE-OVER NARRATION BASED ON"A SMALL PLACE"
Jamaica Kincaid has published “At the Bottom of the River”, “Annie John”,“A Small Place”, “Lucy, The Autobiography of My Mother, My Brother, My Garden”(Book) and has edited “My Favorite Plant.” All published by Farrar, Straus & Giroux.

CREDITS
Produced and Directed by

Stephanie Black

Cinematography by

Malik Sayeed, Kyle Kibbe,
Richard Lannaman,
Alex Nepomniaschy

Narration Written by

Jamaica Kincaid
based on "A Small Place" (c) 1987

Read byBelinda Becker

Edited byJohn Mullen

Additional Editing by

Jon Stefansson, Suzanne Bauman,
Neal Usatin

Assistant Producer (JA)Sarah Manley

Steadicam Operator

John Bentham

Sound Recordists

Caleb Mose, Brenda Ray

Assistant Camera

Jonathan Weaver, Chris Browne

ITVS Godsend

Ellin Baumel

Assistant to the Director

Neal Usatin

Production Managers

Peter Packer, Jeremy Francis (JA)Betsy Blakemore (NYC)

Electrician/Gaffer

Earl Brown

Production Assistants

Talawah Levy, Victor Patterson

Grip/Driver

Roy Buchanan,
Winfred "Soljie" Henry

On-location ResearchNoel Dean, Carleene Samuels,
Michelle Stewart

Research Consultants

Michael Witter, Horace Levy,
Mr. Gunn, Mr. Elvie

Additional Camera

Chris Browne, Richard Chisolm
Talawah Levy, KK, Aboudja

Additional Sound

Don McGregor, Michael Boyle

Assistant Picture Editor

Jake Diamond, Nicholas Stone

Text Guidance

Ifeona Fulani, Karen Williams

Loan Document Design

Ben Hillman, Lisa Crafts, Justin Girard

Post Production Assistant

Shannon Clark, Alyce Hrakbak,
Nate Pommer, Donna Clarke, Kelli Boyles
Garrett Baderinwa, Lauryn Nakamura
Sean John, Carleene Samuels, Sky Sitney

Supervising Sound Editor

Coll Anderson

Effects Editor

Andrew Bracken

Additional Sound Editing

Blake Leyh

Additional Dialogue

Kimeberly McCord

ReRecording Mixer

Frank Morrone

Dolby Engineer

Dustin Hudson

Post-Production Sound

Sound One

Legal AssistanceRoberta Korus, Esq.

Color byDu Art Laboratory

Negative Matchers

Immaculate Matching

Running Time: 86 minutes
Aspect Ratio: 1:66

Color
Sound: Dolby StereoIt is with heartfelt gratitude that these songs were included:"G-7"
Performed by Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers
Written by David Marley
Courtesy of Elektra Records
By arrangement with Warner Special Products
Used by permission of Colgems-EMI Music Inc.
"ONE LOVE", "WORK" and "THREE LITTLE BIRDS"
Written and Performed by Bob Marley
Published by Fifty-Six Hope Road Music, Ltd/Odnil Music, Ltd./Blue Mountain Music, Ltd. (PRS).
All rights for North and South America controlled
and administered by Rykomusic, Inc. (ASCAP)
All rights for the rest of the world controlled
and administered by Rykomusic, Ltd. (PRS)
Courtesy of the Island/Def Jam Music Group All Rights Reserved"ONE LOVE" (The Wailers Original version)
Written by Bob Marley
Produced by Clement Dodd at Jamaica Recording Studio One
Published by Jamrec Music, Inc. (BMI)
Used by Special Permission Coxsone Dodd"ONE LOVE"
Written By Bob Marley
Remix by Bill Laswell
Courtesy of Axiom/Island Records (ASCAP)
All rights Reserved"NO WOMAN, NO CRY"
Written by Vincent Ford/Performed by Dean Fraser
Published by Fifty-Six Hope Road Music, Ltd/Odnil Music, Ltd./ Blue
Mountain Music, Ltd. (PRS). All rights for North and South America
controlled and administered by Rykomusic, Inc. (ASCAP)
All rights for the rest of the world controlled and administered by
Rykomusic, Ltd. (PRS)
Special Permission RAS Records
Special Permission RAS Records"CIRCUMSTANCES" and "DESTINY"
Written and Performed by Buju Banton(c) 1997 Songs of Polygram International, Inc./Germain Music/Gargamel Music(BMI) Used by Special Permission
Buju Banton and Donovan Germaine Penthouse/VP Records

"ZIMBABWE"
Written by Bob Marley/Performed by Dean Fraser
Published by Fifty-Six Hope Road Music, Ltd/Odnil Music, Ltd./ Blue
Mountain Music, Ltd. (PRS). All rights for North and South America
controlled and administered by Rykomusic, Inc. (ASCAP)
All rights for the rest of the world controlled and administered by
Rykomusic, Ltd. (PRS)“FORTUNES OF LOVE”
Written by Suzanne Couch/Brian Jobson
Anxious Music (U.K.) BMI
Courtesy of Suzanne Couch/ Brian Jobson"CHANTILLY LACE"
Written by J.P. Richardson
Used by Permission of Glad Music Co., Fort Knox Music Inc.
and Trio Music Inc.
"FILTHY"
Written by H. Browne
Produced by Danny Browne for Mainstreet Records
Published by Dubplate Music (PRS)
Used by Special Permission/Courtesy of Mainstreet Records"GIVE THEM THE RIDE" (Morgan Heritage Remix)
Performed by Sizzla
Written by Miguel Collins, Bobby Dixon and Clement Dodd
Published by XTM Sounds Publishing (ASCAP)/Zaboughabi Music/ Crage
Music/Jamrec Music Courtesy of the Royalty Network, Inc.
"DAY-O" (The Banana Boat Song)
Performed by Harry Belafonte
Written by Irving Burgie and William Attawy
Copyright(c) 1955; Renewed 1983 Cherry Lane Music Publishing Company,
Inc.(ASCAP)/Lord Burgess Music Publishing Company (ASCAP)/Dreamworks
Songs(ASCAP) Worldwide rights for Lord Burgess Music Publishing Company andDreamworks Songs
Administered by Cherry Lane Music Publishing Company, Inc.
All Rights Reserved Used by Permission
NYABINGHI CHANTS
Tafari Music Inc./JRTTR (PRS)"LIFE AND DEBT"
Performed by Mutabaruka
Written by Alan Hope (BMI)
Produced by Glen Browne

"ISLAND IN THE SUN"
Written by Irving Burgie and Harry Belafonte
Copyright (c) 1956; Renewed 1984 Cherry Lane Music Publishing Company, Inc.
(ASCAP)/Lord Burgess Music Publishing Company (ASCAP)/DreamWorks Songs(ASCAP)/Clara Music Publishing Company (ASCAP) Worldwide rights for Lord
Burgess Music Publishing Company and DreamWorks Songs administered by
Cherry Lane Music Publishing Company, Inc.
All Rights Reserved Used by Permission"BE STILL BABYLON"
Written and Performed by Rolando E. McLean
Yam Euphony Music Ltd./Warner Chapell Publishing/BMI
By Special Permission Yami Bolo
"FOOLS DIE"
Written and Performed by Peter Tosh
EMI Records
Published by Mabrak Music
By Special Permission Peter Tosh Estate"RAID THE BARN"
Performed by Anthony B.
Written by Richard Bell
Published by Tamaljayo Publishing Inc.
By Special Permission Startrail Records/VP Records
Special Appearance: Buju Banton and Yami Bolo

Archival Footage kindly provided by:
Riot Footage and Jamaican Newscasts Courtesy of CVM
Jamaica Bretton Woods Conference Courtesy of The National Archives"Land of My Birth" and "Steppin" Courtesy of Saul Landau and Haskell Wexler
International Monetary Fund Meeting Courtesy of MacNeil Lehrer/WETA
Hondurus Banana Plantation Footage Provided by APTN
Jamaican Independence Courtesy of Jamaica Information Service,This film was made possible by the generous funding of:
ITVSJohn Simon Guggenheim Film Fellowship
The Rockefeller Foundation
The Samuel Rubin Foundation
Edelman Family FundThe Soros Documentary Fund
The National Endowment for the Arts
New York State Council on the ArtsThe Paul Robeson FundThe Solidago Foundation

Special Thanks to the Many Angels :The Manley Family, Cedella Marley and family, The Couch Family, The Henzel Family,
Michael Witter, Horace Levy and family, Elisa Chavez, Danielle Goodman and family,
Bigga Chambers, Bob Marley Foundation, Jason Hall, Valdo and Ricky, Milton Walker,
Mutabaruka, Yami Bolo and family, Buju Banton, Feonia Williams, Air Jamaica, Island
Car Rentals, Terra Nova Hotel, Breezes, Treasure Beach Hotel, JAMPRO,
Peter Martin Associates, The Hart's, Ras Ivi, KK, Crowing Rooster,Kurt
Engfehr/Solarium, Alex Bingham, Tracey Baker, Williams Cole, Tynsi Lyons,
Andreas Staka, Pat McKay, Bona Elswau, Heidi Schuster, Aaron Langley, Steven Starr,
Jeffrey Posternak, David Greenwald, Kim Ives, Jim Mckay, Jim Brown, Jim Lyons,Rohan Henry, Global Exchange, Doreen Crujeiris, Jesper Haynes, Rob Kenner,
Sarita Choudhury, Laurie Gunst, Leslie Fuchs-Obstfeld, Michele Hamilton,
Nancy Jeffries, Carol Thomas, Mary Gunst, Ken Jacobs, Lise Engel, Nancy Baker,
Reg. E.Gaines, Larry, Sylvia and Adam Black, Tim Sherry, Progressive Image Group,Mark Polyocan and colleagues at The Tape House, Irwin Young and colleagues at DuArt.

Special heartfelt gratitude to the interviewees who share the truth with such eloquence.
A Tuff Gong Pictures Production(c) 2001 Stephanie Black All Rights Reserved