Green Layers

Jiro Akita
The University of Tokyo

Kazuki Ohashi
Kyoto University

Presentation no. 21
JAPAN__Taichi Kaga
Kyoto University

Sun Path Diagram
The site has low solar luminosity, making it difficult to secure solar radiation.
Therefore, it is necessary to study the living environment and layout plan tosecure solar radiation.

21 Jun53.2°

EElevationW

26 Mar
23 Sep29.8°

21 Dec6.4°

Summer solstice
EquinoxWinter solsticeSummer

Winter℃

Seasonal Environmental Analysis
The wind is found to blow predominantly from the south throughout theyear, and the living environment is considered to take in the scent of plants
and fresh air carried by the wind. It can also be seen that solar radiation isextremely low in winter.

Seasonal Wind Diagram

Spring

2.3%

4.6%

6.9%

9.2%

Summer2.3%

WinterAutumn

4.6%

6.9%

9.2%

2.3%

4.6%

6.9%

2.3%

m/s

4.6%

6.9%

Wind Speed(m/s)
City: HELSINKI
Each closed polyline shows
frequency of 2.3% / 50 hours

SummerAutumnWinterSeasonal Solar Diagram

SpringTotal Radiation(kWh/m2)
City: HELSINKI

kWh/m2

Outline of Viikki

Site Analysis
Vikki area is aiming for “15 minutes to everywhere”, equaling to 1.2km
circle. Although for now this circle includes university institution, workplaces,transportation hubs and some greenery spaces, our target site should meeta program for creating community and more green spaces.

LibraryLaboratory

Helsinki Viikki Campus

Viikki Nature Reserve

established in the late 1980s / early 1990s

valuable natural habitats, including forests, wetlands, and meadows

CanteenCampus

Housing Area

Green Initiatives and Sustainability
various eco-friendly projects
and organizations

Viikinoja

RanchLegendTram Sta.

RESIDENTAL AREA
CENTRAL FUNCTION AREA

0.6km

UNIVERSITY FUNCTION AREA

Research Field

WORKPLACE AREARESIDENTAL AND
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AREA
GREEN AREA
TRAM LINE

1.2km

Idea Plan published by City of Helsinki

0100200m

Green Layers
To utilising what is on the site now, we think about making green layers.
From existing bigger trees to the small trees, various sizes of greensmake comfortable spaces for various activities.
The green scale develops on the site. Some greenery is close to daily life,
others are urban planning greenery. The greenery gives a gradation to thespace and creates variations in the way people spend their time.

playground

Viikkipark

publiclarge

bus stop

roadside tree

field
gardenbushlaboratory
planterliving room
vase
moss

succulentsunroomvine
flowerpot hanging basket
terraceraised bed
decorative plant

diningprivatecontainer

smallbalcony
entrance hallbench
sports field
green land

shrub

ranch

Master Planning
In planning the whole project, the idea is to make use of the existingelements. The trees in the courtyard of the site will be incorporated
into the new masterplan, shaping the relationship between the newbuildings. In Building B, the existing foundation is reused to reduce theenvironmental impact.

Existing Structure + Upgrade

Green Typologies

Environmental Conditions

Harmonized Relationships

The structure of existing buildings isquite unique and efficient. At theBuilding A, we add curved terrace in asouthern side to the existing apartmentbuilding. At the Building B, we use theexisting foundations in order to reduce
CO2 and keep green in innergarden.

The various plants scattered throughout
the site create green spaces, eachcontributing to a lush environment. As aresult, residents' lives become enriched,fostering a sense of coexistence. People
provide space for the plants, and in
return, the plants offer a gentle
environment to people.

Incorporating environmental
requirements into the design creates a
comfortable living environment. Ourapartment effectively harnesses solar
heat, allows for pleasant airflow filteredthrough the trees into the room andblocks out noise from the road.

Each building interacts with one
another, in terms of activities. For
instance, professors living in Building B
enjoy beer on the front porch of
Building D on weekends. Families
residing in Building A explore thehistory of Viikki at the museum in
Building C.

Green Plan
TREE LAYERS

Greenery is interconnected inside and outside the dwelling. An open
outside and a quiet, private inside are created. Even within a single
dwelling unit, a gradient spatial composition is created.

sprucefoxglove
dwarf
birch

spruce

yew

dwarf
birch
lingonberrybilberrylingonberryfirsprucecurrant

birchplum

BBQ arearaspberryboxwoodfoxglovesports area

GRASS & SHRUB LAYERS

plum

daisy

birch
crowberrymolinia

spruceheatherrain garden

daisy

geranium

lupinedaisy

foxgloverosemarymolinia

dwarf
birch

market

birch
cedar

boxwoodmeadowsweet

meadowsweet

sea
buckthorn

meadow
sweet

rowan

meadowsweet

juniperreedcanaryheather

apple tree

currant

sprucesea
buckthorn
spruceapple tree

cottonsea
buckthorn

heath rushrosemarrysea
buckthorncrowberry
birch

GREEN LEGEND

boxwoodEvergreen Tree

heather
dwarf
birch

reed
apple tree
canary

pine

dwarf
birch

molinia

spruceboxwoodreed canary

dwarf
birch

playground

pine

sea
buckthorncedarrosemaryfoxglovemoliniabilberry

apple tree

meadow
sweet

cedar

junipersesleria caerulea

raspberrybirch

crowberrydaisyrosemarry

meadowsweet

heath rush

lingonberry

birch

pine

heather

boxwoodrosemaryplum

seabuckthorn

sprucecrowberryboxwoodcherrysprucecedar

cottonmeadowsweet

meadowsweet

juniperplum

reedcanary

dwarf
birch

rowan

foxglovemeadow
sweet

sprucemolinia
heather

willow

willow
cotton

cedar

plum

cedar

plum

heath rushsea
buckthorn

cedar

cottonheathercurrant

rosemarrycherryfircedarmeadowsweet

meadowsweet

boxwoodreedcanaryplum

yew

sprucecedar

raspberrylingonberry

boxwood
dwarf
birch

heatherbirchbilberryrosemary

pine

cedar

birch

cherryyew

spruceraspberryheatherbirch

quiet area

rosemary

dwarf
birch

sprucecottonDeciduous Tree

dwarf
birch

ceder
cottonheather

meadowsweet

educational workshop
willow

willow

cottondwarf birch

crowberryheather

birch

0100200m

Building A

Building A - Enriching with woodThanks to the lightness of the wood, we can enrich the old structure withadded floor areas and semi-open common spaces.
By expanding the whole building with new wooden envelope, but also
keeping the core structure made of concrete, we could make a dramatictransition while keeping the environmental impact at minimum.

Old Building

New Building

Concrete is long lasting structure but has weak thermal performanceand can be enroded rapidly if it is exposed to rain and air. Also theexisting steel and glass facade on the inner side is thermal weak point.

We keep the concrete structure and cover it with wooden extension.
Facade will be reconstructed with wood and high-performance glass.

Building A- Common Area
By adding extra layer to the inner facadeof the building, it become possible to makea welcoming public corridor inside of thebuilding.
Ground floor will be dedicated for nurseryspace for new residents and babies of lecturers
coming to the campus, and public space,cafe. First floor will host meeting rooms andcoworking room for students and teachers.

Housemeister RoomWC

Nursery OfficeNursery SpaceView

Cafe

Conference Room

Meeting Room

Garden shop

Coworking RoomWC

Gardener office

GF1F
Existing Concrete Structure050100m

Building A - Plans
2-4F(Residences)
3 floors on top will be individual rooms for
short-stay.
Common space in various spots will bea communication field for those who arestaying here.

Rooftop Garden

Rooftop Garden

Meeting Space

Common Space

Common Space

Common Space

2F

Existing Concrete Structure

3F4F
050100m

Building A - Unit Plan
With large window with high- perfoming glass and air-tight frame, weenable seamless experience of L- scale Green outside to the S-scale
Green inside the room.

132

647

1. TERRACE

5

2. KITCHEN / DINING
3. BEDROOM
4. LIVING ROOM
5. WORKSPACE
6. W.C.

8

7. BATHROOM
8. COMMON AREA

02.55mBuilding A - Section DetailSG

Adding insuration to the outer wall

Same as Building B

Replacing inner facafe

Existing Concrete Structure

Drainage with living heat warms the interior

05m

D

Building C

B

Building C was used as a museum and contained useful exhibits.
However, the difference in elevation had caused the building to lose its
relationship with the other buildings. We plan a wraparound pagola
which is composed of timbers with a shape that draws people in,shaping people’s activities in front of the historic exterior wall.

MuseumEntranceRestA

BUILDING A,B,D

Workshop
KitchenStorage / WC

BUILDING C

0RESEARCH FIELD

50100mBuilding B

Building B - Volume Study

STUDY 1 :Pile up on the existing footprint

STUDY 2 :Remove the southern part

GREEN LAYERS :Terrace steps & Tilted facade

There is a place with a little heat gain on theLow heat gain is resolved, but heat gain varies

Unbalanced heat gain is resplved. West façade

south façade.

among units and is unbalanced.

can get better heat gain, which hermonize withthe building A too.

Building B - Space Diagram
Reusing existing foundation dramatically reduces carbon footprint. thenew building will be made of CLT from Finland, with light weight thatcan be supported with existing soil condition and foundation, and lower
carbon footprint.
Viikki Campus

Inner Garden
Residence Area
Public Area
Common Area
Semi-Public Area

On the footprint of the existing building

New activities added

To reuse the existing foundation, we put thenew building on the footprint of the existingbuilding.

Ground floors are opend for public and pedestrians can walk through the building. Residence
units are piled up on the upper floors, mixing
with common areas and semi-public areas.

Building B - Plans
Vehicle compartments have an air
ventilation system to prevent cold
air when entering and exiting.

Inserting different dwelling units
creates various common areas witha workspace for professors in thegaps.

HousemeisterRoom
A corridor linking the university andthe inner garden creates interaction
between residents and visitors.
Library
Relaxation after the sauna takes
place in the atrium.

Ground floor will accomodate ser vices,
parking and some public functions, such as
library and sauna.

Common Area

Laundry RoomStudio Unit
2-Bedroom unit

Conference Room

3-Bedroom Unit

GF

1F

3-Bed Duplex Unit
Sunroom
Terrace

Sauna / Spa02550mBuilding B - Common Area
Common areas will provide residents space for various activities such associalising, remote working spaces or inner playing space for children
in cold winter. Common area has large window to catch as much heatas possible and connected together working as a big heat tank.

1F

Common Area
GF
02550mBuilding B - Plans / Sunlight Analysis
kWh/m2

Various types of units will be combined to accomodate diverse rangeof residents. By making pocket, we encourage residents to have morecommunication .

500.0
450.0
400.0
350.0
300.0

The fitness space is open with adouble hight and has a view of thecity.

250.0
200.0
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0

On the roof of each floor, there areplaces for people to interact
through greenery, such as
vegetable gardens, benches andeating areas.
Meditation
Room2F

1F: with trees
Inserting different dwelling units
creates various common areas witha workspace for professors in thegaps.

3FIn Summer, deciduous trees around the building block
intense sunlight, which reduces the total amount of heat grain
kWh/m2from sunlight.
500.0
450.0
400.0

Common Area

350.0

Studio Unit

300.0

2-Bedroom unit

250.0

3-Bedroom Unit

200.0

3-Bed Duplex Unit

150.0

Sunroom

100.0

Terrace

50.0
0.0

4F

5F050100m

1F: with no trees

Building B - Unit Plan
Various types of units will be combined to accomodate diverse rangeof residents. By making pocket, we encourage residents to have morecommunication .

STUDIO

3-BEDROOM

7474432342113-BEDROOM : DUPLEX

4

1. TERRACE
2. SUNROOM
3. KITCHEN / DINING
4. BEDROOM
5. LIVING ROOM
6. WORKSPACE
7. W.C. / BATHROOM

05down7345
210m

Studio Apartment

Building B - Unit Plan
Various types of units will be combined to accomodate diverse rangeof residents. By making pocket, we encourage residents to have morecommunication .

2-BEDROOM

7457444532132171. TERRACE
2. SUNROOM
3. KITCHEN / DINING
4. BEDROOM
5. LIVING ROOM
6. WORKSPACE
7. W.C. / BATHROOM

44532
10510m2-Bedroom Apartment

Building B - Themal Comfort
The dwelling units were provided with sufficient solar radiation anddaylight hours thanks to the introduction of sunrooms and the regulationof the trees.

hours/day
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

Winter (Oct. - Mar.) Direct Sun Hours

Summer (Apr. - Sep.) Direct Sun Hours with Trees ShadeBuilding B - Rooftop GardenThe rooftop forms a garden linked to the university’s biotechnology
research field. The timber-framed space receives heat from the floor
below, providing the best possible environment for plants and is open toresidents.

Building B - Section DetailInternational SG Save Result
Heating needs〔kWh/m2〕
Cooling needs〔kWh/m2〕

13.8
7.5

< Limit value 15< Limit value 15 (with tree shade in Summer)

Lighting autonomy 300 lux

72.0 %
61.2%> 60.0% Required> 60.0% Required(with tree shade in Summer)

SGSunlight(summer)

IntSun room

Warm air passing between eachfloor reach on rooftop garden.

Sunlight(winter)

Fresh air passing through plants
Sun room

Belt of Deciduous Trees

Ext0510m

Construction Detail

SGOuter Walls

Partition Walls(CLT)Partition Walls

Glass

400mm

350mm

175mm

39mm
988 7654327 5 4Waterproof Floor

Roof

Inner Floor

400mm

400mm

601mm

2112163123123123443455566456

1.12.5 mm Gyproc GNE 13 Normal
2. 120 mm CLT element
3. 0.2 mm ISOVER Vario® Xtra
4. 120 mm ISOVER Uni Board 35
between 120 mm Wooden stud5. 0.4 mm ISOVER Vempro wind barrier
6. 100 mm ISOVER Façade board 300
7. 28 mm nailing battens/ventilation battens
8. 22 mm 120/50 Wooden façade

CLT 150mm(60mm chared)

Fire Protection: EI90
Sound Reduction: Rw 46dB
U Value: 0.14W/m²K
Carbon Footprint: 19.6kg/m²
Weight: 91kg/m²

Fire Protection: EI60
Sound Reduction: Rw 67dB
Carbon Footprint: 24kg/m²
Weight: 155kg/m²

ISOVER
Cavity Wall Board 3250mm
CLT 150mm(60mm chared)

1. 12.5 mm Gyproc GHE 13 Habito®
2. 2x12.5 mm Gyproc GNE 13 Normal
3. 45 mm Reinforcement stud,Gyproc GFR DUROnomic®
4. 45 mm ISOVER Piano® Sound Board
5. 10 mm Air gap
6. 45 mm Reinforcement stud, Gyproc GFR DUROnomic®
7. 45 mm ISOVER Piano® Sound Board
8. 2x12.5 mm Gyproc GNE 13 Normal
9. 12.5 mm Gyproc GHE 13 Habito®

1. 3 mm ECLAZ one
2. 15mm Argon gass
3. 3mm FL
4. 15mm Argon gass
5. 3 mm ECLAZ one

1. 20 mm Ceramic Slab Tile
2. 20 mm WEBER: webertop
3. 0.2 mm ISOVER: Vario KM Duplex
4. 150 mm ISOVER: EPS insulation boad
5. 0.2 mm ISOVER: Vario KM Duplex6. 210 mm CLT element

1. 14 mm Parquet
2. 12 mm Foam
3. 120 mm weberfloor 150 dura
4. 12 mm Aprobo Decibel 4
5. 20 mm Glava footstep impact
sound board
6. 210 mm CLT element

1. 6 mm Waterproofing
2. 20 mm ISOVER ROBUST Ceiling Board
3. 380 mm ISOVER ROBUST Ceiling Panel
4. 2 mm Underlay felt
5. 180 mm CLT element
6. 12.5 mm Gyproc GNE 13 Normal

Fire Protection: EI90
Sound Reduction: Rw 64dB
Carbon Footprint: 36kg/m²
Weight: 52kg/m²

Thermal transmittance U:
0.61 W/m²K
SHGC: 0.60
Visible transmittance: 77.0%
SC: 0.68

Transmittance 0.17 W/m²K
Resistance 5.81 m²K/W

Fire Protection: EI60
Sound Reduction: Rw 65dB
Carbon Footprint: 45kg/m²
Weight: 274kg/m²

Fire Protection: EI90
U Value: 0.07W/m²K
Carbon Footprint: 46kg/m²
Weight: 123kg/m²

Material Map

SGMaterials are mainly sourced in Finland. Production close to the site
reduces CO2 emissions and stimulates local industry. The CLT used forwalls and slubs is manufactured in Kauhajoki, Hoisko and Kuhmo, withrelatively low transport costs. The Saint-Gobain Group is present inFinland and can adapt its glass, insulation and equipment to the project.
Crooslam
Kuhmo

SWEDEN
MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS

Hoisko CLT

MANUFACTURING

FINLAND

Kauhajoki

RESOURCEEXTRACTIONGLASS WOOLPERFORMANCE PLASTICSaint-Gobain

Glass

Insulation

ISOVER
Clay aggregate

Leca

Saint-Gobain

Weber
Finishes

Glass

DAHL

Equipment

TRANSPORTATIONVIIKKI
100km

DECONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION

TIMBER / WOODCHIPBENCH / STUDY PAPER / COMPOST

CAST-OFF CONCRETE

PAVEMENTSCRAP GLASSSCRAP PLASTIC

200km

500km

FALLEN LEAVESBuilding B - LCA

60y

Green Layers

NORWAY
Reusing foundations
not only reduces
CO2 emissions but also contributes tomaximum preservation of existing trees.

Baseline

Exposed piping in views

Common Area

The exposed piping allows thewooden structure to be seen in thespace, keeping the floor height high,leading to a reduction in material
usage costs, and making maintenanceand replacement easier.

Studio Unit

GREEN LAYERS - 10 indicators of CO2 reduction by One Click LCA
1.LCA is calculated for 60 years
60y
2.Offer large spaces for plants
3.Use timber / CLT mainly
4.Compare and select sustainable materials
5.Build several floors on the existing foundation
6.Piling up floors vertically
7.No underground parking
8.Easy to replace exposed equipments
9.Avoid complex shapes
10.Use Saint-Gobain products SGAll the 10 goals achieved !

SGGreen Layers