Please refer to the definition file.

271

1. The man assured the lady that he was going to her party.
2. I will not dare to walk home alone in the evening.
3. He had a really good deal on his new car.
4. We only deal with companies which have a good record.
5. His father’s interest in the project declined when his mother died.
6. She declined the company’s job offer.
7. There’s a serious decline in sales this month.
8. She carefully tends her garden.

272

9. Children tend to be like their parents.
10. I waved my hand but he didn’t notice.
11. A notice is a written or printed announcement.
12. The man tried to persuade the lady to leave the country.
13. She could feel the soft ground beneath her feet.
14. There’s a small drawer beneath the table.
15. I suppose that my friend is now happy with her life.

273

1. I suppose she’s now happy. Repeat.
2. I suppose she’s now happy. Add: with her life.
3. I suppose she’s now happy with her life. Add: very.
4. I suppose she’s now very happy with her life. Add: married.

274

1. There’s a small drawer beneath the table. Repeat.
2. There’s a small drawer beneath the table. Change: bed.
3. There’s a small drawer beneath the bed. Change: two.
4. There are two drawers beneath the bed. Change: table.
5. There are two drawers beneath the table. Change: boxes.
6. There are two boxes beneath the table. Change: three.

275

1. The man assured her that he was going to her party. Repeat.
2. The man assured her that he was going to her party. Change: woman.
3. The woman assured her that she was going to her party. Change: wedding. -4. The woman assured her that she was going to her wedding. Change:
manager.
5. The manager assured her that she was going to her wedding. Change: lady. -6. The lady assured her that she was going to her wedding. Change: him.

276

1. I will dare to walk home alone. Repeat.
2. I will dare to walk home alone. Add: in the evening.
3. I will dare to walk home alone in the evening. Change: she.
4. She will dare to walk home alone in the evening. Transform: negative.
5. She will not dare to walk home alone in the evening. Transform: past.
6. She did not dare to walk home alone in the evening. Transform: who.

277

1. His interest declined. Repeat.
2. His interest declined. Add: father’s.
3.
His
father’sinterest
declined.
Add: in the project.
4. His father’s interest in the project declined. Add: when his mother died.
5. His father’s interest in the project declined when his mother died. Add: last
year.

278

1. She declined the company’s job offer. Repeat.
2. She declined the company’s job offer. Change: I.
3. I declined the company’s job offer. Change: we.
4. There’s a serious decline in sales this month. Repeat.
5. There’s a serious decline in sales this month. Add: our company’s.
6. There’s a serious decline in our company’s sales this month. Change: year.
7. There’s a serious decline in our company’s sales this year. Change: little.

279

1. My sister tends her garden. Repeat.
2. My sister tends her garden. Add: carefully.
3. My sister carefully tends her garden. Add: and my mother.
4. My sister and my mother carefully tend their garden. Add: younger.
5. Children tend to be like their parents. Repeat.
6. Children tend to be like their parents. Add: really.
7. Children tend to be really like their parents. Add: young.

280

1. The man persuaded the lady. Repeat.
2. The man persuaded the lady. Add: to leave.
3. The man persuaded the lady to leave. Add: the country.
4. The man persuaded the lady to leave the country. Add: tried.
5. The man tried to persuade the lady to leave the country. Add: and go to
America.

281

1. I waved my hand but he didn’t notice. Repeat.
2. I waved my hand but he didn’t notice. Change: my friend.
3. My friend waved her hand but he didn’t notice. Change: called him.
4. My friend called him but he didn’t notice. Add: waved her hand.
5. A notice is a written or printed announcement. Repeat.
6. A notice is a written or printed announcement. Transform: what.
7. What is a notice?
8. Are there any notices on the walls of that building?

282

1. He had a really good deal on his new car. Repeat.
2. He had a really good deal on his new car. Change: house.
3. He had a really good deal on his new house. Change: their family.
4. Their family had a really good deal on their new house. Change: computers. -5. We deal with companies which have a good record. Repeat.
6. We deal with companies which have a good record. Add: only.
7. We only deal with companies which have a good record. Change: they.
8. They only deal with companies which have a good record. Transform: what.
9. They only deal with companies which have a good record. Transform: futuretense.
10. They will only deal with companies which have a good record. Transform:
past tense.

283

1. What can you see beneath your table?
2. Do you agree that children tend to be like their parents? Why or why not?
3. Have you ever tried to decline a job offer?
4. What do you suppose will happen to you 4 years from now?
5. Does your mother tend a garden at home?
6. Would you dare to walk home alone in the evening in my country?
7. Have you tried persuading people to do something?

284

Relative clauses add extra information to a sentence by defining a noun.
They are usually divided into two types – defining relative clauses and nondefining relative clauses.
1. Relative clauses with commas provide additional information which can beomitted; they are called “non-defining relative clauses”.
For example, “My father, who is 45 years old, goes swimming every day”.
“Who is 45 years old” is a non-defining relative clause in this sentence. It adds
extra information to the sentence.
2. Relative clauses without commas provide important information about the
subject or object; they arecalled “defining relative clauses”. For example, “The bag which she gave me
was very old”.

285

**NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES**
1. The lady, who is wearing a red blouse, is my friend.
2. My sister’s bag, which I don’t like, is very old.
3. My father, who is 45 years old, goes swimming every day.
4. The book, which is thick, is expensive.
5. The house, which is across from our house, is very big.
6. That man, who is in their house, is my teacher.

286

**DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES**
1. The bag which she gave me was very old.
2. The book that he is reading is mine.
3. The lady who is wearing a red dress is my friend.
4. The company that I’m working for is very nice.
5. The task which they did was difficult.
6. My sister who helped me with my task got sick.

287

**NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES**
1. My father goes swimming. Repeat.
2. My father goes swimming. Add: who is 45 years old.
3. My father, who is 45 years old, goes swimming. Change: mother.
4. My mother, who is 45 years old, goes swimming. Add: every day.
5. My mother, who is 45 years old, goes swimming every day. Change: running.
6. My mother, who is 45 years old, goes running every day. Change: sister.

288

**DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES**
1. The bag she gave me was very old. Repeat.
2. The bag she gave me was very old. Add: which.
3. The bag which she gave me was very old. Change: that.
4. The bag that she gave me was very old. Change: blouse.
5. The blouse that she gave me was very old. Change: nice.
6. The blouse that she gave me was very nice. Change: dress.

289

290

1. My brother goes swimming. Repeat.
2. My brother goes swimming.
Add: who is 30 years old.
3. My brother, who is 30 years old, goes swimming. Add: every Friday.
4. My brother, who is 30 years old, goes swimming every Friday. Transform:
who.
5. My brother, who is 30 years old, goes swimming every Friday. Transform:
defining relative clause.
6. My brother who is 30 years old goes swimming every Friday. Change:
running.
7. My brother who is 30 years old goes running every Friday. Question: Defining
or non-defining?

291

1. The house which my father bought was expensive. Repeat.
2. The house which my father bought was expensive. Transform: what.
3. The house which my father bought was expensive. Transform: who.
4. The computer that my sister uses is heavy. Repeat.
5. The computer that my sister uses is heavy. Transform: who.
6. The computer that my sister uses is heavy. Transform: what.
7. The house, which is across from our house, is very big. Repeat.
8. The house, which is across from our house, is very big. Transform: defining
relative clause.
9. The house which is across from our house is very big. Transform: where.

292

1. “I’m going to wear the dress that I bought yesterday.” has a non-defining
relative clause.
2. “The dress, which I bought yesterday, was very long and nice.” has adefining relative clause.
3. “The bag which she gave me was very big.” has a defining relative clause.
4. “The bag, which she gave me, was very big.” has a defining relative clause. -5. “My father, who is 45 years old, goes swimming every day.” has a nondefining relative clause.
6. “The man who is 45 years old goes swimming every day.” has a defining
relative clause.

293

294

295

Please refer to the definition file.

296

297

1. My sister likes eating biscuits.
2. I like potato salad.
3. He likes mushroom soup.
4. The manager can rely on her secretary to do well.
5. My friend predicted that it’s going to rain this afternoon.
6. She reckoned that he was going to attend the party.
7. My friend’s parents already approved their wedding next year.

298

8. They needed the approval of their parents.
9. There’s a risk of an accident happening in this place.
10. It was a shock that they already broke up last year.
11. The criminal decided to spare her.
12. He knows the method inside out.
13. The student has learned the poem by heart.
14. The teacher carried on talking when the visitor arrived.

299

1. There’s a risk of an accident happening in that place.
2. There’s a risk of an accident happening in this place.
3. There’s a risk of an accident happening in my place.
4. There’s a risk of an accident happening in my town.
5. There’s a risk of an accident happening in my village.
6. There’s a risk of an accident happening in this village.
7. There’s a risk of an accident happening in this city.

300

1. My sister likes eating biscuits. Repeat.
2. My sister likes eating biscuits. Change: friend.
3. My friend likes eating biscuits. Change: salad.
4. My friend likes eating salad. Add: fruit.
5. My friend likes eating fruit salad. Change: potato.
6. My friend likes eating potato salad. Change: mother.
7. My mother likes eating potato salad. Add: father.
8. My mother and father like eating potato salad. Change: mushroom.
9. My mother and father like eating mushroom salad. Change: love.
10. My mother and father love eating mushroom salad. Transform: who.

301

1. It was a shock they broke up. Repeat.
2. It was a shock they broke up. Add: last year.
3. It was a shock they broke up last year. Add: already.
4. It was a shock they already broke up last year. Add: that.
5. The criminal spared her. Repeat.
6. The criminal spared her. Add: decided to.
7. The criminal decided to spare her. Add: and the boy.
8. The criminal decided to spare her and the boy. Add: little.

302

1. The manager can rely on her secretary. Repeat.
2. The manager can rely on her secretary. Change: I, my.
3. I can rely on my secretary. Change: employees.
4. I can rely on my employees. Add: for good marketing.
5. I can rely on my employees for good marketing. Add: always.
6. I always rely on my employees for good marketing. Repeat.
7. I always rely on my employees for good marketing. Transform: present
perfect.
8. I have always relied on my employees for good marketing. Transform: pasttense.
9. I always relied on my employees for good marketing. Change: friend.

303

1. The storm was predicted to reach our country tomorrow. Repeat.
2. The storm was predicted to reach our country tomorrow. Change: tonight.
3. The storm was predicted to reach our country tonight. Change: today.
4. The storm was predicted to reach our country today. Change: enter.
5. The storm was predicted to enter our country today. Change: tomorrow.
6. The storm was predicted to enter our country tomorrow. Change: your.

304

1. The teacher carried on talking. Repeat.
2. The teacher carried on talking. Change: woman.
3. The woman carried on talking. Add: when the visitor arrived.
4. The woman carried on talking when the visitor arrived. Transform: who.
5. The woman carried on talking when the visitor arrived. Change: working.
6. The woman carried on working when the visitor arrived. Change: came.

305

1. She thought that he was going to attend the party. Repeat.
2. She thought that he was going to attend the party. Change: believed.
3. She believed that he was going to attend the party. Change: reckoned.
4. She reckoned that he was going to attend the party. Change: conference.
5. She reckoned that he was going to attend the conference. Change: meeting. -6. She reckoned that he was going to attend the meeting. Change: he.

306

1. My friend’s parents already approved their wedding next year. Repeat.
2. My friend’s parents already approved their wedding next year. Change:
cousin’s.
3. My cousin’s parents already approved their wedding next year. Change:
vacation.
4. My cousin’s parents already approved their vacation next year. Change:month.
5. They needed their parents’ approval. Repeat.
6. They needed their parents’ approval. Change: we, our.
7. We needed our parents’ approval. Add: for our wedding.
8. We needed our parents’ approval for our wedding. Transform: present tense.
9. We need our parents’ approval for our wedding. Add: next year.
10. We need our parents’ approval for our wedding next year. Change:
December.

307

1. The student has learned the poem by heart. Repeat.
2. The student has learned the poem by heart. Change: children.
3. The children have learned the poem by heart. Add: clever.
4. The clever children have learned the poem by heart. Change: brilliant.
5. The brilliant children have learned the poem by heart. Change: story.
6. He knows the method inside out. Repeat.
7. He knows the method inside out. Change: subject.
8. He knows the subject inside out. Change: teacher.
9. The teacher knows the subject inside out. Change: topic.
10. The teacher knows the topic inside out. Transform: who.
11. The teacher knows the topic inside out. Transform: negative.
12. The teacher does not know the topic inside out. Change: student.

308

1. What do you predict will happen to the world 20 years from now?
2. Do you reckon that the world will end?
3. Do you need other people’s approval for everything that you do? Explain.
4. Is there any poem you learned by heart? Which one?
5. Who do you most rely on in your life?
6. Can you be relied on in times of difficulty?
7. Do you know the English language inside out?

309

310

311

312

313

314

1. The man assured the lady that he was going to her party.
2. I will not dare to walk home alone in the evening.
3. He had a really good deal on his new car.
4. We only deal with companies which have a good record.
5. His father’s interest in the project declined when his mother died.
6. She declined the company’s job offer.
7. There’s a serious decline in sales this month.
8. She carefully tends her garden.

315

9. Children tend to be like their parents.
10. I waved my hand but he didn’t notice.
11. A notice is a written or printed announcement.
12. The man tried to persuade the lady to leave the country.
13. She could feel the soft ground beneath her feet.
14. There’s a small drawer beneath the table.
15. I suppose that my friend is now happy with her life.

316

1. There’s a risk of an accident happening in that place.
2. There’s a risk of an accident happening in this place.
3. There’s a risk of an accident happening in my place.
4. There’s a risk of an accident happening in my town.
5. There’s a risk of an accident happening in my village.
6. There’s a risk of an accident happening in this village.
7. There’s a risk of an accident happening in this city.

317

1. She declined the company’s job offer. Repeat.
2. She declined the company’s job offer. Change: I.
3. I declined the company’s job offer. Change: we.
4. There’s a serious decline in sales this month. Repeat.
5. There’s a serious decline in sales this month. Add: our company’s.
6. There’s a serious decline in our company’s sales this month. Change: year.
7. There’s a serious decline in our company’s sales this year. Change: little.

318

1. It was a shock they broke up. Repeat.
2. It was a shock they broke up. Add: last year.
3. It was a shock they broke up last year. Add: already.
4. It was a shock they already broke up last year. Add: that.
5. The criminal spared her. Repeat.
6. The criminal spared her. Add: decided to.
7. The criminal decided to spare her. Add: and the boy.
8. The criminal decided to spare her and the boy. Add: little.

319

1. I waved my hand but he didn’t notice. Repeat.
2. I waved my hand but he didn’t notice. Change: my friend.
3. My friend waved her hand but he didn’t notice. Change: called him.
4. My friend called him but he didn’t notice. Add: waved her hand.
5. A notice is a written or printed announcement. Repeat.
6. A notice is a written or printed announcement. Transform: what.
7. What is a notice?
8. Are there any notices on the walls of that building?

320

1. What can you see beneath your table?
2. Do you agree that children tend to be like their parents? Why or why not?
3. Have you ever tried to decline a job offer?
4. What do you suppose will happen to you 4 years from now?
5. Does you mother tend a garden at home?
6. Would you dare to walk home alone in the evening in my country?
7. Have you tried persuading people to do something?

321

1. “I’m going to wear the dress that I bought yesterday.” has a non-defining
relative clause.
2. “The dress, which I bought yesterday, was very long and nice.” has adefining relative clause.
3. “The bag which she gave me was very big.” has a defining relative clause.
4. “The bag, which she gave me, was very big.” has a defining relative clause. -5. “My father, who is 45 years old, goes swimming every day.” has a nondefining relative clause.
6. “The man who is 45 years old goes swimming every day.” has a defining
relative clause.

322

323

1. The manager can rely on her secretary. Repeat.
2. The manager can rely on her secretary. Change: I, my.
3. I can rely on my secretary. Change: employees.
4. I can rely on my employees. Add: for good marketing.
5. I can rely on my employees for good marketing. Add: always.
6. I always rely on my employees for good marketing. Repeat.
7. I always rely on my employees for good marketing. Transform: present
perfect.
8. I have always relied on my employees for good marketing. Transform: pasttense.
9. I always relied on my employees for good marketing. Change: friend.

324

1. The student has learned the poem by heart. Repeat.
2. The student has learned the poem by heart. Change: children.
3. The children have learned the poem by heart. Add: clever.
4. The clever children have learned the poem by heart. Change: brilliant.
5. The brilliant children have learned the poem by heart. Change: story.
6. He knows the method inside out. Repeat.
7. He knows the method inside out. Change: subject.
8. He knows the subject inside out. Change: teacher.
9. The teacher knows the subject inside out. Change: topic.
10. The teacher knows the topic inside out. Transform: who.
11. The teacher knows the topic inside out. Transform: negative.
12. The teacher does not know the topic inside out. Change: student.

325

1. What do you predict will happen to the world 20 years from now?
2. Do you reckon that the world will end?
3. Do you need other people’s approval for everything that you do? Explain.
4. Is there a poem you have learned by heart? Which one?
5. Who do you rely on most in your life?
6. Can you be relied on in times of difficulty?
7. Do you know the English language inside out?

326

1. My friend’s parents already approved their wedding next year.
2. His father’s interest in the project declined when his mother died.
3. My father, who is 45 years old, goes swimming every day.
4. The teacher carried on talking when the visitor arrived.
5. The company that I’m working for is very nice.
6. I suppose that my friend is now happy with her life.
7. She reckoned that he was going to attend the party.

327