Recent trends in studies on biodiversity
and ecosystem services in Japan
Tohru Nakashizuka
Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN)
Tohoku University

 Assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem services• Development of methods and tools• Geographical mapping• Scenario analyses
 New trends• Trade-offs among ES and other resources• Quantitative and/or economic evaluation
 Necessary studies

Assessments onbiodiversity andecosystem services•

Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment (2005)•Global Biodiversity Outlook 3(2010)•Japan Biodiversity Outlook(2010)•Japan Satoyama-Satoumi Subglobal Assessment (2010)•Global Biodiversity Outlook 4(2014)•Japan Biodiversity Outlook 2(2015) Many services
are still declining Underuse is oneof the causes ofdecline
 Cultural services
rooted in local
communities arediminishing

From JBO2

3

Methods used for assessments

Time trends of provisioning services
X 104 m3

X 108 yen
Broadleaf trees
Conifers
Value

Amount of timber provision (volume, commercial value)

From JBO2

5

S-9: Change in ecosystem services
Photosynthetic
ability of trees

Tree abundancefor honey

Tree species
richness

Diversity oftree usages

Decrease
Increase

Aiba et al. in preparation

Drivers (land cover change) to cause ES change
Tree abundance蜜源樹木断面積合計
for honey

Photosynthetic abilityof trees
樹木の光合成能力
ブナクラス域自然植生
Primary→f.市街地等→ urban
ブナクラス域代償植生
Secondary f. → urban→ 市街地等
ブナクラス域自然植生→ ブナクラス域代償植生
ブナクラス域代償植生→ 植林地
ブナクラス域自然植生
→ 植林地
植林地
→ 市街地等

ブナクラス域自然植生
Primary→f.市街地等→ urban
ブナクラス域代償植生
Secondaryf. → urban→ 市街地等
ブナクラス域自然植生→ ブナクラス域代償植生
ヤブツバキクラス域自然植生→ ヤブツバキクラス域代償
ブナクラス域代償植生→ 植林地
その他の変化による減少

その他の変化による減少

その他の変化による増加

その他の変化による増加

Conifer p. → secondary v.
-0.004

Conifer p. → secondary v.

植林地→ ブナクラス域代償植生-0.002

0.000

0.002

0.004

変化への影響
樹木種数
Tree species richness

0.006

0.008

ヤブツバキクラス域代償植生→ ブナクラス域代償植生
植林地→ ブナクラス域代償植生-5e-040e+00

ブナクラス域自然植生
Primary→f.市街地等→ urban
ブナクラス域代償植生
Secondary f. → urban→ 市街地等
河辺・湿原・沼沢地・砂丘植生→ 市街地等
ヤブツバキクラス域自然植生→ ヤブツバキクラ
ヤブツバキクラス域代償植生→ 市街地等
植林地→ 市街地等

その他の変化による減少
その他の変化による増加-1e-04

その他の変化による減少

ヤブツバキクラス域代償植生→ ブナクラス域代償植生
植林地→ ブナクラス域代償植生
0e+00

1e-04

1e-03

変化への影響樹木利用法数
Diversity of treeusages

ブナクラス域代償植生Primary →f. 市街地等
→ urban
ブナクラス域自然植生
Secondary f. → urban→ 市街地等
ヤブツバキクラス域自然植生→ ヤブツバキクラス域代償植
ヤブツバキクラス域自然植生→ 市街地等
河辺・湿原・沼沢地・砂丘植生→ 市街地等

Conifer p. → secondary v.

5e-04

2e-04

(-) Effects 変化へ(+) の影響

3e-04

その他の変化による増加

Conifer p. → secondary v.
4e-04-4e-04-2e-04

植林地→ ブナクラス域代償植生
0e+00

2e-04

4e-04

変化への影響(-) Effects(+)
Aiba et al. in preparation

Predicted change in potential range for bamboo spp.

創生C高薮グループ 日比野氏と共同で制作

8/23

17

Tradeoff
Synergy
Case by case食糧・燃料・繊維
Food
fuel,
水
Water fiber

気候・洪水の制御
遺伝
Climate
資源
化学andGenetic flood
物質
Chemical resource control

リクリ
発想・エーシ 教育
病気のIdea,
制御
無毒化 ョン
Disease Detoxi- Recrea- Educa- 象徴性tion
control fication tion
Symbol

水Water
食糧 ・燃料・繊維
Ffood, fuel, fiber
化学物質
Chemical

Provisioning

遺伝資源
Genetic resource
気候・洪水の制御
Climate and flood control
病気の制御Disease control
無毒化
Detoxification
リクリエーション
Recreation
発想・教育
Idea, education
生物多様性
Biodiversity

Regulating
CulturalFurther linkages out of Water-Energy-Food Nexus
Environmental water
Run-off water

Water

Ecosystem services
Provisioningservices

EnergyFood
Culturalservice

Carbon sequestration

BiofuelRegulating
serviceTEEB (2010) : Ecological andEconomic Foundatuions
TEEB (2011) TEEB in national andInternational Policy Making

TEEB (2012) TEEB in Business andd
Enterprise
TEEB (2012) TEEB in Local andRegional Policy and Management生態系ごとの経済評価額

McVittie A., Hussain S. S. (2013) The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity - Valuation Database ManualNatural capital

Russi D. and ten Brink P. (2013). Natural
Capital Accounting and Water Quality:
Commitments, Benefits, Needs andProgress. A Briefing Note. The Economicsof Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB).

Inclusive Wealth
包括的富（新国富）UNU-IHDP and UNEP (2014). Inclusive
Wealth Report 2014. Measuring
progress toward sustainability.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Pluralistic valuation of Nature’s contribution to people (NCP)

Pascual et al. 2017

Predicting and Assessing Natural Capitaland Ecosystem Services (PANCES) (FY 2016-2020)
Crises that biodiversity and ecosystem services are confronting in Japan
Crisis 1: Overuse

Crisis 2: Underuse

Crisis 3: Invasive spp.

Crisis 4: Global changes

Theme 1. Development of an integrated model of social-ecologicalsystems and scenario analysis< Assessment and projection of natural values from ecosystemservices>

Theme 2. Terrestrial ESs

Provisioning

Theme 3. Marine ESs

Regulating
Natural Capital

CulturalTheme 4.
Multilevel governance ofAssessment andnatural capital andprojection of socioinclusive wellbeing
economic values of ESs

Drivers (direct & indirect)<Social Changes>• Depopulation• Land use change• Underuse• ScienceandTechnology• Trade, etc.

•••

<Environmental
Changes>
Climate change
Ocean acidification
Natural disasters, etc.

Contribution to sustainable development and the inclusive wellbeing
based on the mid-long term assessment and projection

Feasibility study of other Asian areas (Theme 1)

15

Issues to be studied
 Accurate quantification of ecosystem services• Regulation of biological processes• Cultural services• Interlinkages among ES and other resources Valuation• Improvement of natural capital estimation• Pluralistic valuation• Contribution to well-being
 Scenario analyses• Climate change + socio-economic senarios• Quantitative models
 Multi-layered governance• Multi-resource, multi-scale, multi-stakeholders