Title

WHO in Western Pacific Region and future partnership with WHO collaborating centres in achieving SDGsAuthor(s)Kim, Rokho

Citation

北海道大学環境健康科学研究教育センター主催 WHO環境化学物質による健康障害の予防に関する研究協力センター指定2周年記念 環境と健康に関する市民講演会「これまでの成果と今後の展望〜WHO研究協力センターとしての役割〜」
2017年11月20日(月)開催 (北海道大学遠友学舎談話ラウンジ)

Issue Date2017-11-20

Doc URL

http://hdl.handle.net/2115/67893

TypeFile InformationlectureWHO in Western Pacific Region and future partnership.pdf

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Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP

WHO in Western Pacific Regionand future partnership withWHO collaborating centresin achieving SDGs
Dr. Rokho Kim
Coordinator, Health and the Environment (HAE)
WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific1|

Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

Outline Introduction to HAE Programme of WHO WPR Environmental Burden of Disease in WHO WPR Importance of WHO Collaborating Centers
 Conclusion - Future partnership to achieve SDGs

2|

Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

Countries in the Western Pacific Region

3|American Samoa
37 member countries and areas
Australia
Approximately 1.8 billion people
Brunei Darussalam(>25% of the world’s population)
CambodiaChina
One of the most diverse regions
Cook Islands- Some of the world’s leastFiji
French Polynesia
develop countries
GuamHong Kong
- Rapidly growing economies
Japan- Highly developed countries
Kiribati
Korea, Republic of- Countries vulnerable to CC and EC
Lao PDR
21 Small Island Developing States
Macao
Malaysia
3 Mekong countries
Marshall Islands
Micronesia, Federated States ofMongolia
Nauru
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Niue
Northern Mariana Islands
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Pitcairn Islands
Samoa
Singapore
Solomon Islands
TokelauTonga
TuvaluVanuatu
Viet NamUrban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009
Wallis and Futuna

4|

Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

Share of deaths which could be prevented byenvironmental improvements, WPR

27% of all healthy life
years lost
Globally: 23% of deaths
caused by theenvironment

5|

Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

Major environmental risks to health, WPR

6|

HEART Brasilia,
May 12-13, 2009
*UrbanPreliminary
estimate|

Environmental deaths per 1000, WPR and World, 2012

Sources: WHO for AAP, HAP, WSH; IHME foroccupation, SHS
7|Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

"In everything we do, WHO relies on the expertiseof hundreds of formal WHO Collaborating Centres,in your countries, and thousands of the best brains
in science, medicine, and public health, in yourcountries. They give us their time freely and it is
my strong impression that they do so with pride."
Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General, in her address to the Sixtyfourth World Health Assembly, 16 May 20118|Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

An early model of collaboration
 1949 Second World Health Assembly: "research in thefield of health is best advanced by assisting,coordinating and making use of the activities of existing
institutions" Today, about 800 collaborating centres in over 80
countries worldwide

9|

Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

Number of WHO CCs worldwide
1200
1000
800600
Number ofWHO CC

400
20001950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201010 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

Distribution by WHO region

11 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

WHO CCs in WPRO (I)As of November 2017 there are 191 WHO CCs in WPRO

12 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

WHO CCs in WPRO (II)13 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

14 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

Children are at the heart of the Sustainable
Development Goals
SDG 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being
for all at all ages
In 2015, 5.9 million children under five years of age diedUp to 26% of their deaths could have been prevented
by addressing environmental risks.
The prenatal and early childhood period represents awindow of particular vulnerability to environmental healthhazards

15 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

Each year 1.7 million child deaths under 5
are attributable to the environment

16 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

Effects of the environment on children’s
health are seen in every WHO regions The distribution of environmental
hazards is not uniform– Much of the related burden of disease
falls on developing regions and countries

 Three of the most common causes ofdeath for children under five,
diarrhoea, malaria, and pneumonia,
are tied to environmental factors– Most prevalent in low and middle income
countries (LMICs)– Child mortality is highest also in thosecountries.

17 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

Children suffer from environmentallyburden of disease much more than adults

18 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

CHEMICALSSDG 12.4: Environmentally sound management of chemicals
and all wastes by 2020
Over 140 000 synthetic chemicals have been produced, the majorityof which have not been tested for human safety
Children worldwide are exposed to chemicals through food, waterand household products, which have been linked with changes inneurological, endocrine and immune system development, as well asasthma, allergy, obesity, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders andcancer
Lead (Pb), which was commonly used in paint and petrol, accounts
for 600 000 new cases of intellectual disability per year.
– Use of lead in petrol has been eliminated in all but two countries– 59 countries have begun to phase-out lead paint

19 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

E-WASTE
SDG 12.4: Environmentally sound management of chemicals
and all wastes by 2020
20 million-50 million tons of e-waste are produced every year
– Projected to increase by 19% between 2014 and 2018

Discarded electronics are often shipped to LMICs, wherevaluable parts are extracted by burning and with acid
– Done by children, whose small hands can handle tiny parts, exposing
them to chemicals and toxicants, leading to reduced IQ, attention
deficits, lung damage, DNA damage and cancer

Up to €49 billion in resources may be retrieved from properly
recycled e-waste
Safer techniques including use of personal protective equipment
are necessary to prevent the ultimate cost of the health and livesof children.
20 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009Electronic and electrical waste (e-waste)

21 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

EDCs (endocrine disrupting chemicals) :emerging issue
SDG 6.3: Minimize releasing
hazardous chemicals by 2030
Endocrine disrupting chemicals
are linked with liver, thyroid,
reproductive health andneurodevelopmental defects
Leaching from plastic foodpackaging allows these chemicals tocontaminate food
22 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

Challenges of Children’s EH as of2017
 Traditional issues remain: WASH, household air pollution
and vector borne diseases– Environmental justice and health inequity in developing countries– WASH and household energy interventions can save lives easily

 Emerging issues are of growing concern: climate change,electronic waste, chemicals and ambient air pollution– Changes wrought by industrialization, globalization andurbanization– In both developed and developing with different type of hazards

Precautionary Principle
Where there are threats of serious or irreversible
damage to the health of children, lack of fullscientific certainty should not be used as areason to postpone preventive measures
23 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

Conclusion: Healthy environments for children are
key to achieving SDGs!

24 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

Future priorities of collaborating
to achieve SDGs -1
 Identify data gaps to support monitoring of indicators
related to SDGs 3, 6, 11, 12 and 13, and explore
model-based estimates to support SDG monitoring
where data are lacking
 Consider cost-benefit analyses of various data
scenarios Collate national policies and legislation to identify areas
for improvement and focus

25 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

Future priorities of collaborating
to achieve SDGs -2
 Identify ways to collaborate with other UN agencies
such as the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP) on environmental indicators, International
Labour Organization (ILO) on occupational healthindicators, etc.
 Identify ways of accessing funds from sources such as
the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the Green
Climate Fund (GCF).

26 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009

ありがとうございました!

Special acknowledgement :Ms Marie-Noel Bruné
Children’s Environmental
HealthWorld Health Organization

27 |Urban HEART | Brasilia, May 12-13, 2009