Intelligent Torque-controlled Coupling

Active on-demand AWD system

CAT.NO.D1002E-1

Stable, Smooth and Highly Efficient
Transmission of Power Expanding
the possibilities of AWD
Weather conditions, vehicle use, driver's intentions… Calculating every element to ensure that all four tires
are ﬁrmly hugging the road under ever-changing conditions.
Expanding the ability of more and more vehicles to give the driver that true feeling of conﬁdence anddriving pleasure. Our goal is to deliver that experience to everyone!
With this in mind, JTEKT has reduced size and weight while simultaneously improving reliability in the
production of ITCC*: electronically controlled coupling for AWD vehicles.

ITCC … I ntelligent T orque C ontrolled C oupling
The continuous evolution of active on-demand AWD is based on a quest with a single theme: consideration of every aspect to deliver optimum torque to each of the four wheels, front and back, left and right.
At the core of this torque management is JTEKT's electronically controlled AWD coupling, ITCC.※1
Capable of responding instantaneously, safe and controllable, ITCC offers continuous control of thedriving force delivered to the front and rear wheels, from 100:0 (front:rear) to 50:50 (front:rear).
As a result of the unparalleled results achieved for both high fuel efﬁciency and traction performance,
ITCC is now installed in many AWD vehicles, and holds No. 1 market share in the world.※2 Its superior
installation ease, drive force transfer efﬁciency and wide-ranging load capacity are key factors supporting
the development of AWD systems.

Continuing the Evolution of JTEKT ITCC
Excellent response and powerful torque drawing
the maximum potential of all four wheels

AWD market trends
ITCC History

1980

AW
D

m
ar
ke
tt
re
nd
s

From differential sensitive on-demand coupling(RBC) to the recently developed active
on-demand AWD system (ITCC), automotive
manufacturers around the world are using
JTEKT AWD systems

Part-time

1995

AWD for daily use

2000

2010

2015

2020

Improved fuel efﬁciency

Active on-demand

Active on-demand (lightweight driveline)

Differential-speed sensitive on-demand

Generation 3

Generation 2

Generation 1
Development
started

1980

2005

Safety Factors

Full-timeIT
CCContinuously evolving since beginning ofmass-production, the third-generation system(Gen 3) introduces epoch-making improvements in performance and durability.

Improvements in AWD operation

1990

ev
ol
ut
io
n

ITCC Evolution

1985

1985

1990

1995

1998

Performance

Generation1

2000

Torque precision further improved

Reliability further enhanced
through longer services life

・Newly developed control clutch introduced

・DLC-coated control clutch introduced
・Special high-performance ITCC ﬂuid
introduced

Generation 3

Generation 2

2005

2010

2015

2020

※1) ITCC:Intelligent Torque Controlled Coupling . ITCC is a registered trademark of JTEKT Corporation.
※2) As of Jan. 2014, in-house study

01

02Structure

Operating principle

ITCC Installation Layout

ITCC Operating Principle

In vehicles with a FWD conﬁguration, the ITCC is installed in front of the rear differential; the active on-demand (active
torque split) AWD system providing optimum torque distribution to the front and rear wheels. This contributes to ensuring both high fuel efﬁciency and superior driving performance.
Sensors for four wheel speeds,
throttle position, etc.
Rear differential

Based on signals from each sensor in the vehicle, such as wheel speed sensors, etc.,
the ECU analyzes driver operation and road surface conditions, and then ITCC
transfers the appropriate torque to the output shaft according to the electrical current
from the ECU.

ECU

Example of on-demand AWD mounted in FWD conﬁguration
In this mounting example, the ITCC is located in front of the rear differential and the vehicle normally runs with the front-wheel-drive. The ECU
receives signals from each sensor, analyzes driving and road surface conditions, and controls the electrical current sent to the ITCC, whichthen transfers the optimal torque to the rear wheels based on various conditions.

ECU

When in 2WD (normal driving)
ITCC

Control current＝OFFECU automatically analyzes signals from wheel
speeds and other sensors, and continuously
adjusts the driving force (e.g., 100:0~50:50) to thefront and rear wheels according to driver operation
and road surface conditions.

Transfer caseArmature

Main clutch

Control clutch

ITCC
Propeller shaft

ECU

EngineTransmisson

Transfer case

Rear differential
Control cam

Main camTransmisson

ITCC structure
・Electromagnetic clutch adopted, realizing reductions in size and weight.
・Components broadly divided into ﬁve sections: Input case, main clutch, electromagnetic clutch,
cam mechanism and output shaft.
ITCC cross-section

Main clutch
sectionFront differential

Ball

When in AWD (front wheels slip)
Control current＝ON

Electromagnetic
clutch section

3 Armature suction force

Electromagnetic
clutch section

Input case

ITCC

Main clutch section

Electromagnetic coil

2 Magnetic ﬂux

ECU
1 Control current

Output shaft

Cam mechanism
TorqueOutput shaft
6 Main clutchpressure

Fluid

Control cam

Armature

Rear housing

Input caseControl clutch03

Cam mechanism

4 Control torque(generation of frictional
torque on control clutch)●Electrical current to torque (I-T) characteristics●Torque transmission flow

Output torque acquired isapproximately proportional
to the electrical current.

1 Current applied to coil

5 Cam actuated

2 Generate magnetic ﬂux

6 Pressure on main clutch

Output torqueMain cam

5 Cam section

3 Armature suction
Electrical current

4 Generate control torque

Torque transmitted
from input case to
output shaft

04

Features

Driving Performance

ITCC Features
FWD baseelectronically controlled
AWD coupling world share

No.1

※1

Driving Performance with ITCC
● Optimum driving force distributed based on road surface and driving conditions● Compact, lightweight system
Superior traction and maneuverability
Lighter driveline and improved fuel efﬁciency

Traction performance

Handling performance/Stability

Vehicles equipped with ITCC exhibit a standing-start
acceleration performance equivalent tothat of rigid AWD.

Vehicles equipped with ITCC exhibit brilliant
handling stability even on a slippery surface.

Standing-start full-throttle acceleration on ice ﬂoe

Excellent compatibility with ABS and stability control systems

ITCC AWD
Desired driving line
Neutral steer※1)As of Jan. 2014, in-house study

Lightweight/Compact size contributes to higher fuel efﬁciency

Rigid
AWD

ITCC
AWD

Introduction of an electromagnetic clutch enabled reductions in weight, size and electricity consumption,
contributing to improved fuel efﬁciency.
Newly developed control clutch, further improved torque precision and lighter driveline contribute to higher fuel efﬁciency.
●Newly developed control clutch

Oil groove shape optimized

2WD( FF )Understeer

Rigid AWD
Oversteer■Newly developed control clutch introduced
2WD( FF )

Oil groove shape optimized

Superior durability and quietness have been realized, contributing to a conﬁdent, comfortable drive.
Remarkable anti-shudder performance contributes further to quietness.
●DLC-coated control clutch

ITCC can be used in large-sized vehicles where the clutch is subjected to large load,
and the amorphous carbon ﬁlm contributes to both reducing size and increasing
service life.

●Durability results using special
high-performance ITCC ﬂuid

Improved 1.4-fold

Gen1

Gen2

■Cornering performance

・Ice surface
・Acceleration: Stop→WOT(wide open throttle)

05

0.25

ITCC: Equivalent to rigid AWD

4

ITCC: Ideal neutral steer

Rigid AWD

3

2

1

0

0

1

2

3

0.2

Direct-coupled
AWD

0.15

Neutral steer

0.1

2WD( FF )0.05

2WD( FF )Time (s)Based on extensive experience, ITCC control contributes to reducing abnormal
noises (e.g., driveline torsional vibration, driveline chattering, etc.) generated by
the vehicle.

・Ice surface
・Accelerate from 30km/h

Yaw rate (rad/s)

Aiming to improve durability, a special ﬂuid has been introduced that makes it possible
to reduce the number of clutch plates to lighten the weight. Additionally, compared toconventional automatic transmission ﬂuid (ATF), AWD coupling performance has been
improved, thereby contributing to quietness of eco-cars.

DLC coating

Service life durability (h)■Special high-performance ITCC ﬂuid introduced■Launch performance

Longitudinal acceleration（m/s2）■Control clutch coated with diamond-like carbon (DLC) introduced

4

5

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

Time (s)ECU

06

Control System

Development Bases

Ensuring the delivery of safer, more secure electronicallycontrolled AWD couplings to customers around the world

ITCC Control System Features
ITCC system layout■Wheel Speed Sensor■Rear differential■AWD Mode Select Switch

NORTH AMERICA■Wheel Speed Sensor■Throttle Position Sensor

JAPAN■Wheel Speed Sensor■Intelligent Torque Controlled Coupling■Wheel Speed Sensor■ECU for Controlling ITCC

■Easily coordinate control with other control systems

ECU automatically analyzes sensor signals
such as wheel speed, etc., and the driving force
to the front and rear wheels can be varied
continuously from 100:00 to 50:50 dependingon driver operation and road surface conditions

The ITCC electromagnetic clutch is highly responsive, making it easy to coordinate control with various vehicle control systems(ABS and stability control systems), etc.
Driveline
Vibration/
noise reduction

Road surface
condition
judgment

Highly accurate
control

AWD
basic control
Driving mode
judgment

ITCC
basic control
logic

Coordinate withother electronicallycontrolled devices
・ABS and stability
control systems

Steering manufacturing
Driveline component manufacturing
Bearing manufacturing
Machine tool manufacturing
Technical centers
Sales

EUROPE
Regional headquarters
Steering manufacturing
Driveline component manufacturing
Bearing manufacturing
Technical centers
Sales
Machine tool sales & service

1
7
1

Propeller shaft

Transfer caseTransmisson
07

3
1

1
3
24

名古屋 Nagoya

大阪 Osaka

ASIA
Regional headquarters
Steering manufacturing
Driveline component manufacturing
Bearing manufacturing
Machine tool manufacturing
Technical centers
Sales
Machine tool sales & service

In situations such as driving in the city and on snowy roads,
the simple ITCC system improves vehicle controllability andcontributes to safe, conﬁdent driving.

2
11
4
11
1

OCEANIA

2

Sales

12

1

SOUTH AMERICA

9

Steering manufacturing
Machine tool manufacturing
Technical centers
Sales
Machine tool sales & service

JTEKT has been conducting activities to ensure compliancewith functional safety standards in accordancewith ISO26262 Road Vehicles– Functional Safety since 2005.
・Projectmanagement
・Labormanagement

EuropeJapan・Requirements
management
・Speciﬁcations
management

・Processmanagement
・Structure
management

2
1
1
2
1

fer,
of Sa
y
r
e
v
eli
the D
g
n
i
ble
r
Ensu
Relia
s
More
ystem
S
g
n
eri
r Ste
Powe

America

Controlcurrent

ECU

3

2

In addition to the function that distributes optimum torque to the rear wheels depending on vehicle operation and driving conditions, thesystem can also freely distribute torque to the right and left rear wheels. When cornering, large torque can be distributed to the outer rear
wheel to produce yaw moment that suppresses understeer, thereby enabling the vehicle to hold the desired cornering line. Quick responseto steering operation realizes sporty handling performance.

Engine2
98

Drivetrain system
Input torque control

Rear differential（Torque Vectoring Unit）

5

4

4

Optional control including driveline lightening andimproving vehicle vibration/noise performance isavailable

Torque Vectoring Unit Adaptation

3

1

Head Office6

Using wheel speed signal, throttle position signal, etc. thatcome as standard equipment in the vehicle, ITCC basic control
logic compatible with traction performance and tight cornerbinding avoidance is developed

Extended Use Example Based on ITCC

3

Regional headquarters
Steering manufacturing
Driveline component manufacturing
Bearing manufacturing
Technical centers
Sales
Machine tool sales & service

ITCC

Torque vectoring unit installation example

Development
process
introduced
Global organization (2011)
Activities started(2005)

Activities streamlined
using management tool(2013)

established(2009)

Front differential
08Research Facilities

Contact

Advanced R&D producing next-generationelectronically controlled AWD couplings

www.jtekt.co.jp

JTEKT R&D centers exchange information around the world, enabling the company to accurately understand market demand and provide
the newest/best/optimal systems to meet the diversiﬁed needs of our customers.

OFFICES■KOYO CANADA INC.
5324 South Service Road, Burlington, Ontario L7L 5H5,CANADATEL : 1-905-681-1121
FAX : 1-905-681-1392■JTEKT KOREA CO., LTD.
Seong-do Bldg 13F, 207, Dosan-Dearo, Gangnam-Gu,
Seoul, KOREATEL : 82-2-549-7922
FAX : 82-2-549-7923■JTEKT NORTH AMERICA CORPORATION■TAIWAN JTEKT CO.,LTD.
NO.23,Guangfu N.Road, Hukou Township,Hsinchu,
Country 303,TAIWANTEL : 886-3-597-2453
FAX : 886-3-597-4687-Main Office-

ITCC performance tester

Vehicle evaluation in cold regions

Driving simulator

Low-friction grade

47771 Halyard Drive, Plymouth, MI 48170, U.S.A.
TEL : 1-734-454-1500
FAX : 1-734-454-7059■KOYO MEXICANA S.A. DE C.V.
Av. Insurgentes Sur 2376-505, Col. Chimalistac,
Del. Alvaro Obregon, C.P.01070, Mexico, D.F.
TEL : 52-55-5207-3860
FAX : 52-55-5207-3873■KOYO ROLAMENTOS DO BRASIL LTDA.
Avendia Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 1744 - 1st Floor - CJ.11
Sao Paulo - SP - Brazil CEP 01451-001
TEL : 55-11-3372-7500
FAX : 55-11-3887-3039

ITCC performance tester(equipped with gradient function)

Electromagnetic Anechoic Chamber

ITCC durability tester■JTEKT (THAILAND) CO., LTD.
172/1 Moo 12 Tambol Bangwua, Amphur Bangpakong,
Chachoengsao 24180, THAILANDTEL : 66-38-533-310~7
FAX : 66-38-532-776

Iga Proving Ground Enables Testing /Evaluations Simulating Roads Worldwide
Fully utilizing our knowledge as a world-leading systems supplier, JTEKT conducts driving evaluations and analyses of products installedin vehicles. We exhaustively pursue the highest standards in product safety and operation on a test course capable of simulating various
road and weather conditions around the world. As a total systems supplier, our highest value is to provide our customers with products thatdeliver outstanding performance and the best quality that help to make automobiles that are more than just fun to drive.

A Straight-line Course

B Winding Course■JTEKT Iga Proving Ground・Site area : 500,000m2
・Course area : 170,000m2
・Combined circuit length: 2,200m
・Dynamics Pad area : 54,000m2■JTEKT AUTOMOTIVE (THAILAND) CO., LTD.
107 Moo 4 T.Pluakdaeng A.Pluakdaeng Rayong 21140,
THAILANDTEL : 66-38-954320
FAX : 66-38-954321■JTEKT (CHINA) CO., LTD. Shanghai Branch
Room 25A2, V-CAPITAL Building, 333 Xianxia Road,
Changning District, Shanghai 200336, CHINATEL : 86-21-5178-1000
FAX : 86-21-5178-1008■JTEKT (CHINA) CO., LTD. Beijing Branch
Room 1012, Fortune Building, No.5 Dong San
Huan North Road, Chaoyang-District, Beijing, CHINATEL : 86-10-6538-8070
FAX : 86-10-6538-8077■JTEKT EUROPE BEARINGS B.V.

Benelux Branch Office

Energieweg 10a, 2964 LE, Groot-Ammers,
THE NETHERLANDSTEL : 31-184-606800
FAX : 31-184-606857■JTEKT EUROPE S.A.S. (FRANCE)ZI, Rue du Broteau, CS 70001, 69540 Irigny, FRANCETEL : 33-4-7239-4444
FAX : 33-4-7851-2188■PT. JTEKT INDONESIA
Jl. Surya Madya Plot l-27b, Kawasan Industri Surya Cipta,
Kutanegara, Ciampel, Karawang Jawa Barat, 41363 INDONESIATEL : 62-267-8610-270
FAX : 62-267-8610-271■JTEKT MALAYSIA SDN. BHD.
No.8, Jalan Palam 34/18A, Taman Perindustrian Pak Chun,
Seksyen 34 40470 Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA

BE

DD Fording Course09

E Dynamics Pad

ACF

F Noise Evaluation Course/
C Administration
Maintenance Building

PUBLISHER■JTEKT CORPORATION NAGOYA HEAD OFFICE
No.7-1, Meieki 4-chome, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 450-8515, JAPANTEL:81-52-527-1900

FAX:81-52-527-1911■JTEKT CORPORATION OSAKA HEAD OFFICE
No.5-8, Minamisemba 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 542-8502, JAPANTEL:81-6-6271-8451

FAX:81-6-6245-3712■Sales & Marketing Headquarters
No.5-8, Minamisemba 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 542-8502, JAPANTEL:81-6-6245-6087

FAX:81-6-6244-9007

10

CAT.NO.D1002E-1

Printed in Japan '15.08-12BCH( 14.04)