Sustainability Science Development
for a Low-Carbon Society in Harmony
with Nature and Smart Response to
Climate Change: Lessons from
Vietnam
Mai Trọng Nhuan
Vietnam National University, Hanoi
nhuanmt@vnu.edu.vn; mnhuan@yahoo.com

MAIN CONTENTS

2. Opportunities
LCRD- low
(Globalization,
carbon, resilient
CCR- climate change
industrial
revolution
development
response
1. Challenges
4.0; PAC, SDG,
(Disasters and CC, VulnerabilityNEXUS, VN
SDGpopulation increase,,
pioneering in CCR,
sustainable
limits of resources,
Resilience VAC, …)
development
policy andgoals
institution)
Takingopportunities
Transforming
challenges
intoopportunities

SS and4.Achievements education
based
of SS
education: MS
developmentin SS, …

3. Achievementsof SS research:
LCRD, Nature
harmonious
society, Natureresilience, VAC,
Satoyama VN, ..

1. Challenges for sustainability in Vietnam

Climate risk index: ranking 1993-2012

1. Challenges for sustainability in Vietnam

Challenges for SD in Vietnam

1.
Disaters

2. CC
impacts &vulnerability

6.
Biodiversity
and natural
resources
degradation

3.
Environment
pollution

4. Poverty

7.
8. Science,
Intersectorial
Opportunities
technology
collaboration,of SS in career
not hightly
coordination
developed
limited5. Limited
financialresources9.
Weaknessof VN
people1. Challenges for sustainability in Vietnam

Top 10mostvulnerable
countries
accordingto theImpactedarea,
population,
human andeconomicloss

All CC disasters and extremes (typhoons, storm, flooding,debris flows ; many disasters induced and/or intensified by
CC, human activities (landslide, erosion, salt intrusion,inundation, drought…),
Most important production sectorsagriculture, fisheries and forestry;most

impacted:

0,5 m and 1.0m SLR: 1.9% and 6.3.% population impacted
respectively ; 2.0m SLR: 16.6% population impacted
1.0m SLR:10% of VN area, 38% area of Mekong delta
impacted
CC causes loss of 1.5-2 % GDP of Vietnam, reduces 215% of agriculture products
All economic and industrial zones of coastal areas
impacted1. Challenges for sustainability in Vietnam
Unstable Natural conditions
Natural conditions are unstable, sensitive todisaster and CC negative impacts:+ 2/3 territory is mountainous; strongly dissected,+ High differentiation of natural conditions+ Abundant coastal lowlands, flooded areas
arid regions,+ Long Coastline, over 3260 km; every 10km one
river mouth;+ Nearly 65% of Vietnam's surface water
resource from overseas+ Water shortage: Has used approximately 40%
of water source, approximately ecological safety
threshold recommended by the FAO

1. Challenges for sustainability in Vietnam
Minority and poor people habited in the areas
very sensitive to CC and disasters; Human
resource not enough for SD

Socioeconomic
conditionsareunstableand lessresilient

Main production sectors: agriculture, fisheries
and forestry – much dependent and vulnerable tothe impact of disasters and CC ;Level development of science and technology,
technical and socio-economic infrastructures - lower
than requirements to respond to CC, disasters andmaintaining sustainable development

High population density; Low income
Fast urbanization

1. Challenges for sustainability in Vietnam
Urbanization

Industrialization

Hazards

Over exploration of natural
resources

Climate change
Ecosystem degradation
Environmental Pollution

1. Challenges for sustainability in Vietnam

Climate change• Increased in number and magnitude, particularly, Central, highland
and Southern areas• River water level quickly decreases(MONRE, 2012)

1. Challenges for sustainability in Vietnam
Forest fire risk is high and increased

Impact on natural ecosystems

2010

2090

 Droughts facilitate
forest fires in central
highlands and the
Mekong Delta Climate change
increases the risk offorest fires acrossthe country => Thehigh exposure andvulnerability of forest Prolonged drought
alters structure, as
water levels in rivers
and lakes are
depleted1. Challenges for sustainability in Vietnam
5m
4m
3m
2m
1m
35% ofpopulation

10.8% ofpopulation

Sea level rise

Large and fertilize
Deltas are the mostvulnerable(MONRE, 2012)

1. Challenges for sustainability in Vietnam

Disasters• Highly vulnerable areas: Red river delta, Mekong delta, Riverine
estuaries of Central area

(MONRE, 2012)

1. Challenges for sustainability in Vietnam
High Vulnerability
HighlandSE

Mekong
Delta

NE

Red
River
Delta

North
CentreCoastalSouth
CentreTyphoon

1

3

4

4

4

2

2

3

Floods

1

1

4

4

4

2

2

4

Saline intrusion

0

0

1

2

2

0

1

4

SLR

0

0

2

2

2

0

3

4

Landslides

3

3

1

3

3

2

1

1

Drought

2

2

1

4

4

4

2

2

MEAN

1,2

1,5

2,2

3,2

3,2

1,7

1,8

3,0

Poverty

4

3

2

4

2

4

1

2

Economy

4

4

2

4

3

4

2

2

Education

4

3

1

2

2

2

1

3

Health andhygiene

4

1

2

1

1

1

1

3

Ethnic

4

3

0

1

1

4

1

2

Women &
childrent

4

3

1

2

3

3

1

2

Migration

0

0

2

2

1

4

4

1

Urban
households

0

0

2

1

1

0

4

3

MEAN

3,0

2,1

1,5

2,1

1,8

2,8

1,9

2,3

TOTAL

4,2

3,6

3,7

5,3

5,0

4,5

3,7

5,3

SENSITIVITY

3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

VULNERABILITYEXPOSURE

SENSITIVITYEXPOSURE

NW

6
5
4
3
2
1
0

1. Challenges for sustainability in Vietnam
High Vulnerability

High

Low

Low

2015

2020

MediumRelative
high

High

1. Challenges for sustainability in Vietnam
Areas of high poverty -most vulnerable:
Capacity of disaster response of North west, North east, High land are highest andrather similar with vulnerability distribution.

Capacity of disaster response

Vulnerability

Ratio of poverty amongminorities of provinces1. Challenges for sustainability in Vietnam
5000
4000

Number of people
death (grey bar); total
economic loss (blue)

3000
2000
1000

30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0

4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

Tổng
thiệt
hại (tỉ đồng)
Total
loss

GDP (nghìn tỉ đồng)Thousands Bill. VND

0

1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

Billions VND

Economic loss (Mil.
USD)

Big loss by disasters

1. Challenges for sustainability in Vietnam

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

Greenhouse gas emissions
increased
CO2

CH4
CH4

CH4

CH4

2. Opportunities for sustainability in Vietnam
Achievements of climate change response for SD:
1. CC Science, scenarios, technology based approach, solutions

2.Development, integration of policy and institution on CCR,
including green growth strategies, NAMA, INDC intodevelopment policies, strategies
3. Promoting social power and innovation to CC response:
living with floods, drought, living with CC; CC adaptation, CC
mitigation; model of CCR: Climate and disaster resilient city,village, low carbon village, climate smart agriculture; nature
harmonious community such as VAC, SATOYAMA,…
4. Proactively response to natural disasters & CC throughresource sustainable use planning based on vulnerability
assessment,…
5. Effective development and improvement of international
cooperation to climate change response
6. Development of human, financial resources for CCR

CCR
for SD2. Opportunities for sustainability in Vietnam• Agreement on UNFCCC, 1994; Kyoto protocol, 2002, PAC, 2015,
Sustainable development goals (SDGs), 2015
• International decisions for implementing SDGs, Kyoto protocol,
PAC, CDM, JCM• Innovative policy, institutions for SD, CCR

2. Opportunities for sustainability in Vietnam• Open a new agenda for low-carbon and sustainable development,– contributing to foundation of healthier, stronger, and more prosperous
world– the earth is protected for future generation• Open new opportunities for economic investments– Low carbon development, smart technologies, smart business• Change the policy, institution, human resources for promoting
investment, low carbon cooperation, efficiency of energy utilization– Market mechanisms for all stakeholders– Faster and more sustainable development based on PAC– Science technology development for smart response to climate change– Building low carbon culture, new security, increased agreement– Promoting priority sectors for climate change response– Fascinating international supports, national cooperation– Having new opportunities for adaptation, resilience and response to
climate change– Bring into play the national traditions and reduce weakness ofVietnamese2. Opportunities for sustainability in Vietnam
Transformation of growth models is a major solution for faster and sustainable
development in the climate change context, to make use of opportunities andtransformation of challenges from PAC and SDGs

1. Adjust the growth models towards the
low carbon, high resilience, efficient use ofenergy, natural resources based on the highquality of human resources, advanced
science and technology, financial resources,
policies and institutions

Wind energy, Bac Lieu
Province (Mekong Delta
coast)

2. Build & develop: low carbon & resilient
society to appropriate with Vietnam
conditions, contributing to implement
objectives of sustainable development andfast growthSustainability
researchsustainability science

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam

Sustainability
education

2. Opportunities for sustainability in Vietnam
Framework of smart response to global change for sustainability
Economic logic
Global change
Regional change
Local change

Industrialization,
Urbanization• Concentration of
population• Infrastructure• Energy• Land use change

•
•
•
•
•
•

Economic and Social change
Urban-rural linkage change
Ecosystem change
Resource change
Environmental change
Vulnerability change

Sustainabilit
y science

Human capacity• Adaptation• Mitigation• Transforming
challenges

Global smart
humansystem• Society:- sustainable , nature harmonious
low carbon,;- disaster resilient, climate smart- prosperous• City, village, commune, urban –rural linkage: safe, …

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Sustainability research: Building a sustainable coastal city
Smart city

Low-carbon city

Climate resilience
Disaster resilience
Smart transportation
Conserving local culture
Smart economy

Eco-city
Green city
Harmony withenvironment
Sustainable
City
Urban – rural
coexistence

Climate smart human system
Human capacity
Human resourcesHigh capacity of next
generation

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Models of Adaptive Coastal city to CC based on nature harmonious
and resilient society in Vietnam
Three pillars/ structure of adaptive capacity based model

1.

NatureharmoniGood Natural ouse

resilience
Nature based Adaptive

2. Good
Socialresiliencecity
Sustainable
Use of natural
capital25

Innovative,
resilientsociety,community

3. Strong capacityof Transforming
challenges intodevelopment
opportunities

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Models of Adaptive Coastal city to CC in Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh city)
Nature harmony based models: River and Sea based- smart ling with waters

Sea forRiver and naturalprotection,lakes, low land for Island
towns
production
water storage,
and pleasure
Production and Nature
Adaptive
pleasurecity Reducing
Reducing
density of
construction inriver side26

density of
construction insea side

Connecting the island
towns by resilient
overheadtransportation andemergency systems

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Models of Adaptive Coastal city to CC in Vietnam (Danang city)

Nature harmony based models: Mountain-Sea based- rising with water

For both
Mountain forsustainable andsafe construction Nature
Adaptiveand life

Sea and low
land forprotection,
production
and pleasure

Increasing cityReducing densityof construction indensity of
construction to sea side, lowlandmountain27

Connecting themountain and sea
areas by resilienttransportation andemergency systems

Increasing resilience and adaptation based on CC response
land use planning, Danang city
Flooding, flash flood Moving
planned urban to the opposite
riverside (higher position or
hills

Typhoon, huge potential
sliding block
Resorts → forest
Forest in the city and cityin the forest

Annual typhoon
Resorts → seaside parkor protection forest

Flooding and Inundation
Harmonizing between new and old residential areas
Solving conflicts of supply - drainage

Severe typhoon andstorm surge
Tourism: arrangement ofprotection forest strips
along the coast(Casuarina forest)

Development planning for CC Adaptation: enhancing
natural resilience, improving social resilience basedon sustainable and smart use of natural resource3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Sustainability research: nature harmonious response to floods

3. Enhancing Flood
Release Capacity,
development offloating Child carecenters, school,
hospital, levering
roads,…

2. Building
flood resilient
houses

1. Building Safe
Residential Areasfor people

4. Shifting of
Cropping
Calendaraccording toflood activities

5.Taking
opportunities fromflood forimprovingproduction,
livelihood

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Sustainability research: nature harmonious response to floods

Smart housing design

Smart agriculture

Smart aquaculture

Transportation

Housing and transportation

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Sustainability research: nature harmonious response to floods

Flood resilient and Energy saving Eco-house Model
1. Raising awareness from thecentral to the local level andthe private sector;
2. Strengthening of research,development andapplication of science andtechnology in response to
climate change.

Energy saving Eco-house Model
A Product of National Scientific Program to
Respond to Climate Change

The salinity water treatment systemusing solar energy

Living with drought, salt intrusion (LDI)
based on nature harmony, Resilienceand social power and innovation

Overcast weather,drought and salinity
using advanced
technology,
experience and local
knowledge toproactive response

Planning
Land use
Forecasdrought,salinity-Development ofexperience, livelihood
patterns, production,
drought and salinity
appropriate activities;- Application ofadvanced science andtechnology toeffectively adapt todrought and salinity-Adjustments, direction and use
planning human activities within
and outside the Mekong Delta,
increase efficiency, ensure foodsecurity, livelihood: cota
freshwater use

Transfering
livihood

LDI : enoughdrinking water,
and and :Nativeknowledge,
technology

crops andlivestock

Switching to theeconomy, livelihoods relyon brackish and marine
ecosystems; maintaineconomic rely on
freshwater ecosystems at
ensuring food security

Recruiting, converting plant
and animal to suitable termrise, salinity, lack of fresh
water in the direction ofincreased efficiency, ensure
food security, livelihood

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Living with climate change based on nature and social power and innovation
1.

Adaptation

Mitigation

Using CC
opportunities

Development of weather, disaster, CC forecasting, warring
systems
2. Improving natural (forest, mangrove, wetland,…) and social(infrastructure, HR, governance, land use planning…)
resilience- Adaptive economy and livelihood: change crop and season ofagriculture; development of less vulnerable sectors- Reservation of water, foods, medicals…for emergencies
1.
2.
3.
4.

Using water, wind, solar energy
Efficient use energy, water (VAC…)
Low GHG emission economy: agriculture, energy,…
3R of waste for energy (biogas, making gas fromagriculture waste…), …

1. Living with flood, drought, CC
2. Increasing biological mass and productivity
3. Development of brackish ecosystem based
economy and livelihood
4. Warming water from global warming
5. Climate smart models; new collaboration

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam:
Proactive response to CC, disasters

I. Sustainable resource use, sustainable
livelihood (e.g. Satomi model, climate smart
aquaculture, sustainable use of wetland)

Proactive response to CC, disasters
II. Proactive Management(creatingandimplementing the SD, CC
and disaster mitigation
policies and strategies;
enhancing effectiveness oflaws; sustainable ecology
andcommunity-based
management,
adaptivemanagement )Sustainable
development(SD)

III. Hazard, CC mitigation(planning for proactive
mitigation of disasters
and change of natural
factors:
afforestation,
coastline
protection
construction, social power
enhancement…)

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam:
Proactive response to CC, disasters

Proactive response to disaster basedon sustainable natural resource use
planning (SNRU)

Master planning for sustainable
use of natural resources andenvironment in Vietnam coastal
zone, based on vulnerability
assessment (1:1.000.000).

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam:
Proactive response to CC, disasters
Master planning forsustainable use of natural
resources and environment
in some areas of Vietnam
coastal zone (scale of
1:100.000)

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam:
Proactive response to CC, disasters
Sustainable resource use (SRU) planning for CCA and SD: Ban Diulandslide, Ha Giang Province , North Vietnam

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam:
Proactive response to CC, disasters
Proactive response to CC
based on SNRU planningMountain area- Ban Diu
commune, Ha Giang
Province

Maps of Vulnerability zoning to landslides of Ban Diu commune- VA to landslides of Ban Diu communes divided into four Vul. level zones.
- Very high and high Vul. zone (mainly where occurred landslide) is located in
Diu Thuong, Quan Then, Ngan Lin, Mao Pho and Diu Ha villages.

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam:
Proactive response to CC, disasters
Mountain areaBan Diu
commune, Ha
Giang Province

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
New model of low carbon and resilient development, taking opportunities,
transforming challenges based on nature harmonious and innovative society:
LCS to be implemented through the innovative policies and institutions
Green
technology
SRU

Natureharmonious
societyLowcarbontechnology

Lowcarbonproduction

Low carbon
environment

Low
carbonactivities

Green
life

High
efficiency
of SRU

Clean
production

Lowcarbon life
Low waste
life

SRU
based
Low
carbonsocietyscenarios
Climatechangemitigation

Low wastesociety

Energychangebased →LC energy

Sustainable
and resilientecosystem

1. Understanding,assessing, forecasting,modelling interactions
global-social-humansystems; humanenvironment

5. Smart response
global change,
harmony of globalsocial-humansystems
Knowing

4. Smart
governance:international andnational institution,
policies, strategies,
collaboration andcoordination;
harmony of interestsand benefits of all
stakeholders

Scien
Smart
ce,
Response Solutions techfor building
Low carbon,
resilient
growthHRD

Governance

2. Development of
SS and otherscience, technology;
innovation,knowledge transfer
and action, problemsolving, …

3.SS Human resource
development (vision,
innovation, skills…); SS
outcomes based
education and training
for all3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Sustainability research: reducing greenhouse gas emissions
based on nature harmony and resilience
Green technology

Low carbon
transportation

Energy efficiency

REDD+

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Sustainability research: producing biogases for reducing
greenhouse gas emissions
Agriculture wastes
Metabolize in anoxic
environment
130.000 biogas have
built

Biogas amount equals
to 510,952 C credits
Reduce 5 tons CO2
emission of eachhousehold per year

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Sustainability research: Sustainability of rural areas
based on natural resilience and harmony
Social Resilience(- Social infrastructure-Living Standard- Knowledge and Skills-Capacity Building)

Sustainability ofvillage
LCS, CSV
improving

Sustainable
Technical Infrastructure

Natural Resilience(Sustainable Ecosystems)

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Sustainability research: Enhancing Sustainability of rural areas
Climate Smart Village-new village

Weather
smart

Water
smart

- Weather
forecast by
ICT andinformationtransferredby mass
media tofarmers- Reservoir
building andmanagement- Harvesting
runoff water- Community
base and on
farm water
management- Water supply
business

Carbon Smart Nutrient Knowledge- Agroforestry,smart - Farmer
smarttoforest garden- Sitefarmer- Planting
learning
specific
Jatropha,nutrient
Pongamia,
Post house
Pinatta biofuel manageme basednt
production in
information
Tay Ninh,-Increasing center
Quang Triorganic- Learning by
province
fertilizer
doing, training- Biofuel from reducing
on farm
organic waste synthetic- Waterones- Keeping
civilization forsolar energy in -Cropping/ CSA, CSV
legumeswater tank
(Bac Giangpro)

Cropping Disastersmart mitigation-Changingcrop
patterns
and seedaccording
to climatechange- Riceterrace- Livingwithflooding

3. Achievementof sustainability science
Vietnam
3.1.6. Resilience-Sustainablelivinginfor
LCS• Diverse Sustainable Livelihoods (SL) based onnature –society harmony
Japan: Satoyama, Satoumi Models
China: Harmonious Society Development, eco-community,
Indonesia: community-based conservation
Vietnam: Traditional VAC, Modern VAC

VAC= Garden + Aquaculture pond+ Breeding facility (forLivestock)3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Sustainability research: coastal sustainable village model (SATOUMI Vietnam)

Develop from Vườn (Garden) – Ao (Pond) – Chuồng (Cage) (VAC) farming model3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Sustainability research: coastal sustainable village model (SATOUMI Vietnam)
Upgrade from Vườn (Garden) – Ao (Pond) – Chuồng (Cage) (VAC) farming mode

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam

Sustainability research: coastal sustainable village model- SATOUMI
Criteria of coastal sustainable village model (SATOUMI Vietnam)
Criteria 1: Sustainable livelihood for community• Sustainable use of natural resources (resource use within the carrying capacity
and resilience of the environment, cyclic use of natural resources)• Increasing income of households• Reducing poverty rate
• Labor structure• Combining local knowledge with technical advances in the production anddevelopment of traditional industries• Development of sustainable livelihood adaptive with climate change
Criteria 2: A nature-harmonious society• Minimizing the waste disposal• Biodiversity protection and development• Sanitation communities• Population and stable jobs for labors• Multi-stakeholder participation and collaboration• Culture, education, and health care for local people3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Sustainability research: coastal sustainable village model(SATOUMI Vietnam)

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Sustainability research: Conservation of ecological services incoastal areas

Biodiversity
Coastalcommunities( )Climate change

Disasters( )Resilience ofmangrove ecosystem

( )
( )

(-) negative impact(+) positive impact( )Ecosystemfunctions( )Benefits & services( )Timbers & biofuels
Fisheries productivity
Medicines
Tourisms
Disasters mitigation
Offset greenhouseemissions3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Sustainability research: Conservation of ecological services in coastal areas

Mangrove carbon pool measurement
Above-ground C pool

Below-ground C pool

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam
Sustainability research: Conservation of ecological services in coastal
areasCarbon pools
Comparison with other locations

Terrestrial Mangrove forest
forestMekong,VietnamGanges-Brahmaputra Delta, Bangladesh (Gb); Java, Indonesia (Ja);
Palau, Micronesian Island (Pa); Sulawesi, Indonesia (Su); Yap,
Micronesian Island (Ya); Kosrae, Micronesia (Ko); Borneo, Indonesia(Bo) (Donato et al., 2011) ; Mexican Caribbean (Km) from (Adame etal., 2013); and high latitude forest (HLF), middle latitude forest(MLF), and low latitude forest (LLF) (Dixon et al., 1994).

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam: climate smart agriculture (CSA) based on 3 E NEXUS approach
Increasing/ maintaining
productivity andeffectiveness,increasing food safety
and security

Based on adaptive
management

Reducing water and energy
comsumption,
agrochemicals

CSA inVietnamBased on science andtechnologies,
indigenous knowledge:
alternate welting anddrying of soil (AWD)

Reducing Green Housegas, waste,

Better resilient to CC anddisaster, Preventing soil
erosion, protecting soil andsoil moisture; more organic
fertilizers rather thansynthetic ones

3. Achievement of sustainability science in Vietnam

3E NEXUS implementation: Integrated
Sustainable Development Model based on
3E+1(Economics + Environment + Ecosystem +Non-traditional Security)
In the West and Northwest Areas of Vietnam

Objectives
General Objectives: establishing sustainable development models basedon 3E +1 of the West and Northwest areas of Vietnam for:Socio-economic harmonious development;
Natural resource sustainable use and management & environmental
protection;
Living standard of ethnic minority community improved;
Non-traditional security ensuring;Proactive disaster and climate change response
Specific Objectives: to Determine scientific and practical basics of model 3E+1 in the study areas; Develop the model 3E+1 in accordance with characteristics of the study
areas;
 Establish a GIS database on natural conditions, socio-economic, natural
resources, environment and disasters in the study areas and main pilot
sites;
 Propose measures to implement the model 3E + 1.

Approaches
Relationship between 3E + migration in the West and Northwest areas of Vietnam
ECOSYSTEM
Quality and scale of ecosystem;
Decline in biodiversity;
Decline in ecosystem services

ECONOMICS• Livelihoods: based on extraction
and use of resource,
ecosystems, biodiversity;•

Outdated methods of farming &production;•

Low income, poverty

Environmental Migration in theWest and Northwest areas of•Depletion, loss of livelihood;•Loss of habitat and residence;•Unsafe for living, working, andproducing.

ENVIRONMENT• Living space, culture;• Environmental quality;• Impacts of natural
disasters;• Reduced resource
provision.

Approaches
Solutions for the Model 3E+1 Implementation
E –economy

o
o
o
o

Sustainable livelihood patterns;
Raise living standards and income
Land use planning
Solutions on policy and technique

Environmental Migration( Non-traditional Security)

E – ecosystemo Migration due todeclined livelihoods,
degraded ecosystem& environment;o Policy Solutions for
population
stabilization;o Development
cooperation between
border areas withLaos.

o Forest Fire preventiono Protecting natural
ecosystems;o Biodiversity conservation;o Improving bio-productivity.
o Minimizing environmental impacts ofland + water;
E - environment o Ensure security of water resourceso Adaptation and mitigation of hazards,
natural disasters and climate change

Main Contents & Study Area
Main content:

1)Estabishing Model 3E+1: relationship among Economic development,
Ecosystem conservation, Environment protection (3E) in SD strategies in theWest and Northwest areas of Vietnam;2)Non-traditional Security (+1): environmental migration in the study areas
The Study area:
1) Communes/wards in border areas (BGQG
Act, 2013);
2) Develop GIS database on Vietnam - Laosborder areas: 90 border communes of DienBien, Son La, Thanh Hoa and Nghe An (NĐ34/2014/NĐ-CP);3) Establishing the integrated sustainable
development model 3E + environmental
migration: Chieng Khuong (Song Ma, Son
La province); Bat Mot (Thuong Xuan, Thanh
Hoa province); Na U (Dien Bien, Dien Bien
province) (CT 14/2005 / CT-TTg).

IBG = International Border Gate

4. Status of sustainability education in Vietnam•••

Monodiscilinary education and research tradition
Master and Doctoral training programs: Sustainable use of natural resources,
Environmental science and Sustainable development, Climate change,
Integrated coastal zone management, Biodiversity conservation.
Some other postgraduate programs related to sustainability have beendeveloped at Vietnamese universities and research institutes– Environmental science and sustainability: VNU-CRES– Natural resources management: VNU-HUS– Environmental management: VNU-HUS– Politics and sustainable development: National Academy of Public
Administration– Nontraditional security: VNU– Climate change and sustainability: IHME/ IHMCC– The first formal education of Sustainability Science has been initiated at
VNU, Hanoi since 2010
– Master program at Vietnam Japan University

4. Status of sustainability education in Vietnam

Principal outcome design:
Interdisciplinary Capacity building:Knowledge,
visionSkill

Capacity ofstudents andyoung scholars

Creativity

4. Status of sustainability education in Vietnam

Foreign professor teaches sustainability
science lecture

Students discuss on sustainable development

Training sustainable development on fieldStatus of Sustainability Science & Sustainability
Education:

1. Advantages:- Well-developed relating sciences are available:
earth science, environment science andtechnology, biology, economics, culture studies
and other social sciences and humanities,- Strongly encouraged interdisciplinaryorientations in research and training,- Internationally supported by collaboration
partners- High status in national higher education
system- Strong readiness of VNU’s leadership &students

Status of Sustainability Science & Sustainability
Education:

2. Disadvantages- Lack of experience in research and trainingof SS & SE, mono-disciplinary approachdominant- Lack of CEO and Research Clusters of SS- Lack of sustainable financial source- Lack of quality assurance system for SE- Weak involvement of stakeholders in SS andSE- Deficit Human resource for SS, SE

4. Status of sustainability education in Vietnam

Development of SSE&R in Vietnam
2. Unclear
interdisciplinaryawareness, weakinterdisciplinary T&S
development, group
benefit

1. Many researchand education
institutions still
focus on one field

SSE&R
in
Vietnam

3. Demands for
SS solving SD,
CSR issues ofinterdisciplinary
approachincrease
4. VNU pioneer toestablish
interdisciplinary
education and research
programs: environment& SD, CC, SS, Nontraditional Security

Interdisciplinary Capacity building:Principal outcome design:

Knowledge,
visionSkill

Capacity ofstudents andyoung scholars

Creativity

4. Solutions for Quality Assurance of SS Education& Research
I. Input

II. Education/research -ER

1. Institutions, policies,
strategies of ER
2.Criteria, procedures ofgeneral quality assurance &interdisciplinary specificity
3. Mono-discipine humanresource
4. Interdisciplinary
properties of :- System of academic
institutions- Enrollment result- education Program- Materials and facilities- Education officer team- Managing officer team- Collaboration
5. Financial Sources- Regulating casual ER programs ininterdisciplinary approach- Equipping interdisciplinary
approach to scholars, officers
through education, seminars,
conferences, interdisciplinary
research- Ensuring interdisciplinary
approach to maintain inestablishment and implementation
process of ER program- Attracting experts, managing
officers with interdisciplinary
approach- Developing vision, capacity, skills
to solve interdisciplinary problems
for people- Self-assessment, checking theinterdisciplinary level in education
activities

III. Output--

Interdisciplinary SS
thesis, dissertation
Graduates havevision, approach,capacity and skill
solving
interdisciplinary
issuesInterdisciplinary
research result

5.Lessons learned: Sustainability and SD based on harmony of
CCR, environment protection- sustainable, resilient societysustainable and resilient economy, livelihood

Sustainability, SD

CCR, Environment
protection, use ofnatural resources$$$

Harmony

Sustainable (lowcarbon), resilient
society

Sustainable, resilient
economy andlivelihood

$
$
$

69
Science, technology and human resource
development, smart governance. Taking theopportunities, transforming the challenges into SD

Lessons learned: 3 pillars of Sustainability andsustainable development in the context of CC andprosperity
Low-Carbon Society
in Harmony with
Nature.. Sustainable earthsystemSmart
Response to
Climate Change

Sustainable,safe, happysociety

ClimateHuman security
smart, safe,and happinessHappypeople5. Lessons from Vietnama.

Successful Research for sustainability, sustainable
development in the context of global change should bebased the following, including on the Initiatives of Prof.
K.Takeuchi:-

3E nexus, low carbon society, nature harmonious
approaches, integration of climate change and disaster
response, natural resource use and environment
protection;
Exchange of interdisciplinary information, data andmaterials;
Development of local models of sustainable use ofnatural resources based on the SATOYAMA, SATOUMI
and other nature harmonious models;International, regional, national collaboration in Jointinterdisciplinary research projects, Interdisciplinaryscience conferences and publication.

--

5. Lessons learnedb. Successful EDUCATION for sustainability, SD in the context
of global change should be based the following, including on
the Initiatives of Prof. K.Takeuchi:-

Based on the above mentioned research;
Focusing on Training sustainability science for educators;
Developing sustainability lectures based on 3E NEXUS,SATOYAMA, SATOUMI, SDGs, ..
Exchanging interdisciplinary faculty, training programs,
materials and students between universities such as
VNU- TODAI-UNU- KYODAI- ASU and other universities

c. Network--

Sustainability research and education, UNU-CESAR,
INATE, TODAI- ASEAN Universities; TODAI- Universities
in Asia Pacific, ..
Future earth
Smart, resilience and green city network

Need to define andimplement the mostimportant objectives fordevelopment of
SS and education: SD
based on maintaining
core values, biodiversity
conservation, NHLCS,interdisciplinary RHR

Recommendations on
Institutional policies
concerning on:-Building LC and resilient
development and nature
harmonious society,
NEXUS model,
implementing; CC
response -resources
sustainable use andenvironmental protection
based on 3E NEXUS,

The most important solutionsof SS and SD: a) Policy,
institutions innovation; b)
Promoting social power andnational, international
cooperation andresources,…
SolutionsObjectives

VN should Researchcontinue to Achievem
develop SS ents
by moreinnovative
ways for SD,
InnovaSCCR
tive SS

Takeuchiinitiatives

education

Lessons learnedc) Interdisciplinary
approach, research,education and humanresource development;d) taking opportunities ofglobal CCR, SD,
NEXUS…
Models: a) of Lowcarbon society b) Green
growth; c) Nature
harmonious: VAC,
Satoyama, Satoumi,; d)3E+1 NEXUS for
mountainous areas; take
opportunities andtransforming CC
challenges towards
proactive CCR and SD
School of interdisciplinary
studies; first in ASEAN MS
in SS, Climate change;
climate change –development; nontraditional security
management, …

Perspectives for SS development in VN: Building a newmodel of low carbon and resilient growth for sustainable
development based on Implementing 3E+1 NEXUS Approach
Ecosystem
Maintain ecosystem
Environment
services, function• Sustainable• Offset global warming andBiodiversity
climate change• Disaster mitigation
Biodiversity development•

Enhance resilient socioecological systems• Minimizing environment
Pollution and impact•

Food security

Safe andenvironment
friendlyenergyEnergy••Renewable energies
Efficient use andmanagement ofchanging energies

EconomyResilience

Green, climate
resilient economy• Sustainable
livelihood•

Thank you very much for your attention
Thank very much Prof. Takeuchi for his
Creative ideas and contributions to development of SS
for sustainable development in Vietnam