On the Recent Distribution of two small Cyprinid
Fishes, Pseudorasbora parua pamila (Miyadi) andP. parua parva (Ternmink and Schlegel) inHokkaido Island, Japan.
Toyohiko HIKITA

The aim of the present papers is to report the second locality of Pseudorasbora parva puinilu andto record the recent distribution of P. parva parva, within Hokkaido.
Nearly three decades have passed sin,ce .one of the cyprinitl fish, Pseudorasbora pumila, was describedb y n r . Miyadi (1930), as a local species related. to the stone moroco, Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck andSchlegel). T h e first record of the fish in Hokkaido was reported by Sato and Kobayashi (1954), basing
on the observation of several samples from a pond in Nezaki near Hakodate city, southernmost of
Hokkaido. However, so far as the writer is aware, the fish has never been captured thereaft,er from anyother places in Hokkaido.
Recently, by using a scoop net in two of many old-waterways of the upper Tohetsu stream, a tributaryof the Tokachi river, the present writer could

get a large number of this species on July 25,1950. Those other fishes collected at the sametime were five species : a common dace (Tribolodon hahonensisj, a minnow (Moroco perrnurusj,a loach (Misgurnusnnguillicaudatus), a ninespined stickleback(Pungitzus j3ungztzus)and a kind ofgoby (Rhinogobzus brunmeus) A common stream
shrimp Palaemon (palaemon)paimdens (=Leander paucidens) was also collected

The specimens of P. $arua pumala examined
here are 115 in tetal number and size range ofbody length is 2 15 to 6.0 cm. and its peak 4.0 to
4 4 cm, including both sexes

Coloration of thefish in life is blackieh dark nr darkish brownin male and somewhat right brown in female
ahove, lower side heing lead white or pale. The
male is generally darker than the female in theexternal appearance.

A dark band runningalong the side is more conspicuous in female,Fig. 1.

and is indistinct in male. The scales are large

A. Pseudorasbora fiarva pumila
B. Pseudoras.ka parva parva
Above: MaIe, Below: Female

and uniform in size over the body, except inContri hution No. 182, Hokkaido Salumon Hachery

I13Scientific Reports of the Hokkaido Salmon Hatchery No. 18
head portion. The lateral line scale is complate, limiting to only anterior portion, with usually 3 to 6
in number (Fig. 1, A).
The writer has undertaken the comparison of various counts apd measurements of P. parua pumiln
with those of P. p a m a parva which were collected in the Ogasa river in the vicinity of Fukuoka, northern
Kyushu by Ur. K. Uchida and his co-workers in 1959. T b e results are summarized as follows :P. parva pumila

P. parva parva

Dorsali-ii, 9-10i-ii, 10Pectoral

13-14

12-13

Anali, 8i, 8Ventrala8

Lateral scale series

32-35

35-37

Transverse scale

5-613-4

Gill-rakers

2-318-9513
3-4/9

Pharyngeal teeth

5-5

5-5

Predorsal scale

15-17 (usually 16)

12-13

33-34

35-37

Head in standard

3.36-3.70

3.62-4.15
3.62-4.00

Vertebrae
Eye in head

2.50-4.83

Interorbital width

2.30-3.83

2.23-2.60

Snout

2.50-3.83

2.90-3.75
4.14-5.00

Maxillary

2.58-4.50

Caudal depth

2.22-2.80

1.88-2.17

Longest dorsal

1.44-2.84

1.00-1.30Largest pectoral

1.64-2.44
2.00-2.86

1.44-1.76

Longest analLongest ventral

1.93-2.50

1.53-1.76

1.73-2.17

Longest Cakdal

1.30-1.69

1.17-1.28

Shortest Caudal
Length from snout to dorsal(in standard)
Len& from snout to pectoral

2.00-2.90

2.07-2.60

1.85-2.06

1.75-2.12

3.22-3.88

3.00-4.25

Length from snout t o anal

1.37-453

1.25-1.50

LemEth from snout to ventral

1.52-7.06
2.71-3 35

1.75-2.32

Dorsal to caudal base

2.39-2.77

In both species, the ranges of measurements of various parts on body a r e almost overlap or continue
in both species, but some differences are clear to occur in the number of lateral line scale, vertebrae
and pred,orsal scale.

From the scale reading, p . pama parua is superior to P. parva pumila in thegrowth between two related species in the loqdities. I t is probably that this swift growth in the former
species depends upon the Warner water temperature of the habieat.
In 1957, Okada and Kubota have described a subspecies P. parua uchidaii, as closely related formsof P. parun parva. T h e most remarkable difference of these three species is only a character of lateralline scales, having them in complete on P. pama parva, complete only at anterior part on P, parua pumila
and incomplete on caudal portion on P. parva uchidaii.
T h e scientific name of P. purnilu seems t o be, at present, confused by authors, using either binominalas original or trinominal as a subspecies of p . Parva. This species can be clearly separated by thenumber of predorsal scale from P. parua pama, but the present writcr'is here adopted the trinominal
114

On the Recent Distribution of two small Cyprinirl fishes
nomenclature for the fish, although
he has had no chance to examine

P. Carva uchidaii.
Recently

thewriterhadapersonal communication from hlrIiondo, with regard to the distribution of a unknown fish inhabitedabundantly andpropagatedin, d t u r e - in a certain fish-pond at
Nagaha&i, Otaru city. L4ccording
him, the. ti-ansplanting course
to tPks.cuh!dal pond is uncertain.

but as the fish culturist is planting
the gold fish and carp from Nagano.

Vand Gunma Prefectures year afteryear, the fish may be accidentallytransplanted. into there.

Thewriter was given an oppotunity
Fig. 2 .

Map of some localities of two species (P. puma pumila,A-B, and P. parva p u ~ v a (C-H),in Hokkaido :A-Hakodate, B-Tobetsu river. C-Otaru, D-Ishikari rlver,
E-Notsupporo river, F-Shinotsu river, G-Fuhsha numa,
H-Ehetsu river.

identified to P. PUYIXI paruu, with complete lateral line scale number.

loa sample fish reared

glass tank Of the Otaru
inAquari'~m. . From the result of
examination this fish has been
More recently the writer is foundthat this species taken commonly from several localities of only Ishikari river basin.

These collecting

places of the forms is shown in the above map (Fig. 2).
Finaly the writer whishes to express his cordinal thanks to Emeritus Prof. Dr. K. Uchida of Kyushu
IJniversity for his kind aid in supplying valuable specimens.

Acknowledgement is also due to Mr. K.

Kondo of Otaru Aquarium, Mr. M. Sasaki, Dr. T. Kohayashi, Messers.

M. Osanai, H. Katanuma of o u rHatchery, and H. Hiraiwa, for their kindness of collecting materials.

Literature cited
Ahe, T .

1955 : Encyclopedia Zoologica illustrated in Colors 11. Hokuriukan Book Co., pp. 392, Tokyo(in Japanese)
Aoyagi, H.

1957 : General Notes on the Freshwater Fishes of Japanese Archipelago.

Taishukan BookCo., pp. 272, Tokyo (in Japanese)
Hikita, T. and T. Terao

1959 : Notes on a new locality and some morphological observations of a

cyprinid fish, Pseudorasboru @ m i l a (Miyadi), in eastern Hokkaido. Sci. Rep. Hokkaido Fish Hatchery.

NO. 14, pp. 67-72
1961 : On a new habitat of a cyprinid fish, Pseudorasboia parva parva (Temminck et Schlegel).
in Hokkaido. Sci. Rep. Hokkaido Fish Hatchery, No. 16, pp. 91-92
Jordan. D. S. and H. W. Fowler

1903 : A review of the cyprinoid fishes of Japan.

Proc.

Nat.

Mus., Val. 36, pp. 811-862
hlatsuhara, K

1955 : Fish Morphology and Hierarchy I. Ishizaki Book Co., pp. 789, Tokyo (in Japanrsel

115

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Fishes from

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4, pp. 268‑272

北 細道における モ ツゴの最近の 分布
北海道の淡水魚煩については多くの研究者により報告されている，著者も数年来サケ・マス類のほか，迫内の淡水魚頬の分布，生態の変遷調査を統けているが，ここ数年間の調査で在来北悔道に棲思していなかつた魚踵が，天然に繁殖していることが明らかになつた。
これら魚類が北悔道に侵入して来た原因，経路等については末だ明らかでないが， これらはサケ・マスのように清流を好むものとは異なり・新しい河川，池沼の環境変化に対し適応性が強いため，道内でも繁殖するようになったものと思われる。
この報告は関東以北，有森県をのぞく
東ノヒ 地力に多数棲思しているシナイ
モッ @] 及び群馬県と新潟県川申の小N 川 ，湖沼に普通にみられるモ ッゴの，最近の北海道内に於げる分布状況を簡単に取経めたものである。
シナイモ ッゴに(P ぉ MOr

於 bara 力 arvUapumila)

ついては佐藤・小林 u954)が函館市根崎の池沼で，L田・、 十尾れ959) が十勝川支流速別川の古河で，それぞれ採集しているが，それ以後この魚種の新しい懐恩他は知ら九ていない。次にモッゴぽ'se.tid。ノ仏 hn 印タd，り。 加 リ司については，上田 (l961)が石狩川下流の古河で採集された数尾にっいて報借した。その後この魚種の分布範囲を知りたいと思つていたところ， 谷 地で採集されていることが逐次明らかになつてきた，今まで的によつて採集された地域と調査尾数は次の通りである，川も江別
刀 l(io 尾)，野洋幌川ぱl 岸)， 篠津川( l 尾)，石狩古河(3 尾)，小樽市長橋の金魚養殖池□ 尾) 及び江別市近郊
風申沼 C8 尾) であって，この 調杏結果から考察すると，小樽市を除き，石狩川水糸の下流域に流入する各支流，池沼だけに接思していること，及び上述した小河川，池沼は総て水色が茶褐色で，水流が緩慢であること乎 が共通している点である。 北海通内に於げるこれら，1.種の分布，生態等については更によく調査する必要があるが， 前記の地域では人然に繁殖しており，今後怯思分布範囲が益六広がってゆくものと考える。

116