We use emphasizing reflexive pronouns to add emphasis to certain nouns.
For example:
I cut the tree myself.
Anna baked the cake herself.
They rented a car themselves.
Notice that even if you remove the reflexive pronoun from these sentences, thesentences are still grammatical and the meanings have not changed.

274

1. I cook dinner myself.
2. My little boy goes to school himself.
3. I will have to clean those rooms myself as a punishment.
4. My sister told me that I have to go to Japan myself.
5. John himself spoke to us.
6. Do you prefer reading it yourself?
7. I have read the letter myself.
8. We would like to see it ourselves.

275

9. They talked to us themselves.
10. The president contacted us himself.
11. I saw the result myself.
12. My teacher wanted me to answer the ten questions myself in 5 minutes.
13. Can you do it yourself?
14. They are building the house themselves.
15. He made that very nice project himself.

276

1. Mary is going to cook all the food herself tonight. Repeat.
2. Mary is going to cook all the food herself tonight. Change: she. [She is going
to cook all the food herself tonight.]
3. She is going to cook all the food herself tonight. Change: vegetables. [She isgoing to cook all the vegetables herself tonight.]
4. She is going to cook all the vegetables herself tonight. Change: eat. [She isgoing to eat all the vegetables herself tonight.]
5. She is going to eat all the vegetables herself tonight. Change: later. [She isgoing to eat all the vegetables herself later.]
6. She is going to eat all the vegetables herself later. Change: fruits. [She isgoing to eat all the fruits herself later.]
7. She is going to eat all the fruits herself later. Change: mom. [Mom is going to
eat all the fruits herself later.]
8. Mom is going to eat all the fruits herself later. Change: wash. [Mom is goingto wash all the fruits herself later.]
9. Mom is going to wash all the fruits herself later. Change: clothes. [Mom isgoing to wash all the clothes herself later.]
10. Mom is going to wash all the clothes herself later. Change: tomorrow. [Momis going to wash all the clothes herself tomorrow.]277

1. These little girls carry the heavy bags themselves. Repeat.
2. Change: tables. --- [These little girls carry the heavy tables themselves.]
3. Change: boys. --- [These little boys carry the heavy tables themselves.]
4. Change: those. --- [Those little boys carry the heavy tables themselves.]
5. Change: threw. --- [Those little boys threw the heavy tables themselves.]
6. Change: old. --- [Those little boys threw the old tables themselves.]
7. Change: toys. --- [Those little boys threw the old toys themselves.]278

1. I will drive.
2. I will drive to school.
3. I will drive you to school.
4. I will drive you to school myself.

279

1. Boss has to explain this. Repeat.
2. Boss has to explain this. Add: himself. --- [Boss has to explain this himself.]
3. Boss has to explain this himself. Add: your. --- [Your boss has to explain thishimself.]
4. Your boss has to explain this himself. Add: issue. --- [Your boss has toexplain this issue himself.]280

1. He bought the ship himself. Repeat.
2. He bought the ship himself. Add: old. --- [He bought the old ship himself.]
3. He bought the old ship himself. Change: house. --- [He bought the old house
himself.]
4. He bought the old house himself. Change: cleaned. --- [He cleaned the oldhouse himself.]
5. He cleaned the old house himself. Add: yesterday. --- [He cleaned the oldhouse himself yesterday.]
6. He cleaned the old house himself yesterday. Change: dirty. --- [He cleaned
the dirty house himself yesterday.]
7. He cleaned the dirty house himself yesterday. Add: very. --- [He cleaned thevery dirty house himself yesterday.]
8. He cleaned the very dirty house himself yesterday. Change: bus. --- [Hecleaned the very dirty bus himself yesterday.]
9. He cleaned the very dirty bus himself yesterday. Change: you, yourself. --[You cleaned the very dirty bus yourself yesterday.]10. You cleaned the very dirty bus yourself yesterday. Change: washed,
clothes. --- [You washed the very dirty clothes yourself yesterday.]281

[1. He made himself tea. – reflexive][2. We gave ourselves a break. – reflexive][3. Are you sure you have to cut it yourself? – emphatic][4. You have to trust yourself. – reflexive][5. My sister cancels my classes herself. – emphatic]282

Please refer to the definition file.

283

284

We use ‘used to + verb’ to talk about our habits in the past or states in the past.
For example, if I say “I used to walk in the park every morning.” It means I took
a walk in the park every morning before, but I no longer do it now.
Here are some other examples:
Jane used to play tennis.
Melvin used to eat too much candy.
We used to go to France every summer.

285

1. His books used to have moral lessons.
2. We used to have old pictures in the house.
3. My father used to be very strict about discipline.
4. She used to commit many faults.
5. He used to give me advice.
6. We used to enjoy his jokes.
7. They used to joke about it.
8. My secretary used to address the letter to Mr. Smith.
9. I used to apologize for my faults.
10. She used to listen to their apologies.
11. When I was little, I used to swear.
12. They used to swear to tell the truth.

286

1. My cousin used to joke about the people in the street. Repeat.
2. My cousin used to joke about the people in the street. Change: brother. --[My brother used to joke about the people in the street.]
3. My brother used to joke about the people in the street. Change: talk. --- [Mybrother used to talk about the people in the street.]
4. My brother used to talk about the people in the street. Change: school. --- [Mybrother used to talk about the people in the school.]
5. My brother used to talk about the people in the school. Change: their. --[Their brother used to talk about the people in the school.]
6. Their brother used to talk about the people in the school. Change: fees. --[Their brother used to talk about the fees in the school.]
7. Their brother used to talk about the fees in the school. Change: accidents. --[Their brother used to talk about the accidents in the school.]
8. Their brother used to talk about the accidents in the school. Change: village.
--- [Their brother used to talk about the accidents in the village.]
9. Their brother used to talk about the accidents in the village. Change:
policemen. --- [Their policemen used to talk about the accidents in the village.]
10. Their policemen used to talk about the accidents in the village. Change:
apologize. --- [Their policemen used to apologize about the accidents in thevillage.]287

1. They used to address the jokes about the organization. Repeat.
2. They used to address the jokes about the organization. Change: letters, tothe secretary. --- [They used to address the letters to the secretary.]
3. They used to address the letters to the secretary. Change: she, president. --[She used to address the letters to the president.]
4. She used to address the letters to the president. Change: I, apologies. --- [Iused to address the apologies to the president.]
5. I used to address the apologies to the president. Change: we, advice. --- [Weused to address the advice to the president.]288

1. discipline
2. apologize
3. apology
4. address
5. advice289

1. Mom used to discipline.
2. My mom used to discipline.
3. My mom used to apply extreme discipline.
4. My mom didn’t use to apply extreme discipline.

2901. We have a painting in the house. Repeat.
2. We have a painting in the house. Add: odd. --- [We have an odd painting in
the house.]
3. We have an odd painting in the house. Add: old. --- [We have an odd painting
in the old house.]
4. We have an odd painting in the old house. Add: used to. --- [We used to havean odd painting in the old house.]291

1. The lesson is about love. Repeat.
2. Add: movie’s. --- [The movie’s lesson is about love.]
3. Add: moral. --- [The movie’s moral lesson is about love.]
4. Add: parent’s. --- [The movie’s moral lesson is about parent’s love.]292

1. I swear I used to see him in the church. Repeat.
2. I swear I used to see him in the church. Transform: where. --- [Where do you
swear you used to see him?]
3. My friends used to swear a lot. Repeat.
4. My friends used to swear a lot. Transform: what. --- [What did my friends use
to do a lot?]
5. The broken window was my brother’s fault. Repeat.
6. The broken window was my brother’s fault. Transform: whose. --- [Whose
fault was the broken window?]
7. He used to swear to tell the truth. Repeat.
8. He used to swear to tell the truth. Transform: what. --- [What did he use to
swear to tell?]
9. We were listening to his advice yesterday. Repeat.
10. We were listening to his advice yesterday. Transform: when. --- [When were
we listening to his advice?]293

Please refer to the definition file.

294

295

296

1. We took the alternative road because of the strong wind.
2. I had no alternative but to stay home.
3. The shop near the post office displayed beautiful dresses.
4. There were beautiful displays of flowers at the park yesterday.
5. She puts 4 blocks of ice in her orange juice.
6. The school is just two blocks away from here.
7. The police blocked the road.
8. I visit my dentist regularly.

297

9. The road is blocked because of the campaign led by the students.
10. The news is very shocking.
11. Why on earth did you go out in the rain?
12. The lesson is very tricky to understand.
13. Little children believe in magic.
14. My grandmother used alternative medicine.
15. Why on earth did you join that campaign?

298

1. The coffee shop is three blocks away from here. Repeat.
2. The coffee shop is three blocks away from here. Change: two. --- [The coffee
shop is two blocks away from here.]
3. The coffee shop is two blocks away from here. Change: shoe. --- [The shoe
shop is two blocks away from here.]
4. The shoe shop is two blocks away from here. Change: clothes. --- [Theclothes shop is two blocks away from here.]
5. The clothes shop is two blocks away from here. Change: our. --- [Our clothes
shop is two blocks away from here].

299

1. Why on earth are they blocking the road?
2. Why on earth are you blocking the road?
3. Why on earth are you cleaning the road?
4. Why on earth are you cleaning the pictures?
5. Why on earth are you displaying the pictures?
6. Why on earth are you displaying the flowers?

300

1. The news was shocking. Repeat.
2. Change: magic. --- [The magic was shocking.]
3. Change: tricky. --- [The magic was tricky.]
4. Change: interesting. --- [The magic was interesting.]
5. Change: display. --- [The display was interesting.]
6. Change: campaign. --- [The campaign was interesting.]
7. Change: alternative. --- [The alternative was interesting.]301[1. Why on earth are you displaying the pictures? ⤵][2. Where did you use to see him? ⤵][3. What did my friends use to do a lot? ⤵][4. Are you sure you have to cut it yourself? ⤴][5. Do you prefer reading it yourself? ⤴]302

1. My boss gave one alternative. Repeat.
2. My boss gave one alternative Add: only. --- [My boss gave only one
alternative.]
3. My boss gave only one alternative. Add: me. --- [My boss gave me only one
alternative.]303

1. The road was blocked. Repeat.
2. The road was blocked. Add: yesterday. --- [The road was blocked yesterday.]
3. The road was blocked yesterday. Add: alternative. --- [The alternative roadwas blocked yesterday.]
4. The alternative road was blocked yesterday. Add: only. --- [The only
alternative road was blocked yesterday.]304

1. She wants the flowers displayed on the tables. Add: doesn’t. --- [She doesn’twant the flowers displayed on the tables.]2. I sleep regularly. Add: am. --- [I am sleeping regularly.]
3. They put five cubes of ice in my water. Change: he. --- [He puts five cubes of
ice in my water.]
4. Children believe in magic. Change: John. --- [John believes in magic.]
5. I joined the campaign. Add: didn’t. --- [I didn’t join the campaign.]

305

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

306

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

307

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

308

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

309

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

310

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

311

[1. He made himself tea. – reflexive][2. We gave ourselves a break. – reflexive][3. Are you sure you have to cut it yourself? – emphatic][4. You have to trust yourself. – reflexive][5. My sister cancels my classes herself. – emphatic]3121. Mary is going to cook all the food herself tonight. Repeat.
2. Mary is going to cook all the food herself tonight. Change: she. --- [She isgoing to cook all the food herself tonight.]
3. She is going to cook all the food herself tonight. Change: vegetables. --- [Sheis going to cook all the vegetables herself tonight.]
4. She is going to cook all the vegetables herself tonight. Change: eat. --- [Sheis going to eat all the vegetables herself tonight.]
5. She is going to eat all the vegetables herself tonight. Change: later. --- [She isgoing to eat all the vegetables herself later.]
6. She is going to eat all the vegetables herself later. Change: fruits. --- [She isgoing to eat all the fruits herself later.]
7. She is going to eat all the fruits herself later. Change: mom. --- [Mom is goingto eat all the fruits herself later.]
8. Mom is going to eat all the fruits herself later. Change: wash. --- [Mom isgoing to wash all the fruits herself later.]
9. Mom is going to wash all the fruits herself later. Change: clothes. --- [Mom isgoing to wash all the clothes herself later.]
10. Mom is going to wash all the clothes herself later. Change: tomorrow. --[Mom is going to wash all the clothes herself tomorrow.]313

1. discipline
2. apologize
3. apology
4. address
5. advice314

1. They used to address the jokes about the organization. Repeat.
2. They used to address the jokes about the organization. Change: letters, tothe secretary. --- [They used to address the letters to the secretary.]
3. They used to address the letters to the secretary. Change: she, president. --[She used to address the letters to the president.]
4. She used to address the letters to the president. Change: I, apologies. --- [Iused to address the apologies to the president.]
5. I used to address the apologies to the president. Change: we, advice. --- [Weused to address the advice to the president.]

315

1. Why on earth are they blocking the road?
2. Why on earth are you blocking the road?
3. Why on earth are you cleaning the road?
4. Why on earth are you cleaning the pictures?
5. Why on earth are you displaying the pictures?
6. Why on earth are you displaying the flowers?

316

1. The news was shocking. Repeat.
2. Change: magic. --- [The magic was shocking.]
3. Change: tricky. --- [The magic was tricky.]
4. Change: interesting. --- [The magic was interesting.]
5. Change: display. --- [The display was interesting.]
6. Change: campaign. --- [The campaign was interesting.]
7. Change: alternative. --- [The alternative was interesting.]317

1. These little girls carry the heavy bags themselves. Repeat.
2. Change: tables. --- [These little girls carry the heavy tables themselves.]
3. Change: boys. --- [These little boys carry the heavy tables themselves.]
4. Change: those. --- [Those little boys carry the heavy tables themselves.]
5. Change: threw. --- [Those little boys threw the heavy tables themselves.]
6. Change: old. --- [Those little boys threw the old tables themselves.]
7. Change: toys. --- [Those little boys threw the old toys themselves.]318

[1. Why on earth are you displaying the pictures? ⤵][2. Where did you use to see him? ⤵][3. What did my friends use to do a lot? ⤵][4. Are you sure you have to cut it yourself? ⤴][5. Do you prefer reading it yourself? ⤴]319

1. We have a painting in the house. Repeat.
2. We have a painting in the house. Add: odd. --- [We have an odd painting in
the house.]
3. We have an odd painting in the house. Add: old. --- [We have an odd painting
in the old house.]
4. We have an odd painting in the old house. Add: used to. --- [We used to havean odd painting in the old house.]320

1. I swear I used to see him in the church. Repeat.
2. I swear I used to see him in the church. Transform: where. --- [Where do you
swear you used to see him?]
3. My friends used to swear a lot. Repeat.
4. My friends used to swear a lot. Transform: what. --- [What did my friends use
to do a lot?]
5. The broken window was my brother’s fault. Repeat.
6. The broken window was my brother’s fault. Transform: who. --- [Whose fault
was the broken window?]
7. He used to swear to tell the truth. Repeat.
8. He used to swear to tell the truth. Transform: what. --- [What did he use to
swear to tell?]
9. We were listening to his advice yesterday. Repeat.
10. We were listening to his advice yesterday. Transform: when. --- [When were
we listening to his advice?]321

1. She wants the flowers displayed on the tables. Add: doesn’t. --- [She doesn’twant the flowers displayed on the tables.]2. I sleep regularly. Add: am. --- [I am sleeping regularly.]
3. They put five cubes of ice in my water. Change: he. --- [He puts five cubes of
ice in my water.]
4. Children believe in magic. Change: John. --- [John believes in magic.]
5. I joined the campaign. Add: didn’t. --- [I didn’t join the campaign.]322

1. She wants the flowers displayed on the tables. Add: doesn’t. --- [She doesn’twant the flowers displayed on the tables.]2. She is going to cook all the food herself tonight. Change: vegetables. --- [Sheis going to cook all the vegetables herself tonight.]
3. I will have to clean those rooms myself as a punishment. Write. --- [I will haveto clean those rooms myself as a punishment.]
4. My grandmother used alternative medicine. Write. --- [My grandmother usedalternative medicine.]
5. My cousin used to joke about the people in the street. Change: brother. --[My brother used to joke about the people in the street.]
6. I swear I used to see him in the church. Transform: where. --- [Where do you
swear you used to see him?]
7. We have an odd painting in the old house. Add: used to. --- [We used to havean odd painting in the old house.]323

Please refer to the definition file.

324

325

The following structure can be used to explain the effect of someone orsomething on someone or something else: subject + make + object + adjective
In this structure, the subject makes the object according to the adjective.
For example: John makes Paula happy. He made the water hot.
This book makes the children scared.

326

1. Her recommendation makes me happy.
2. I highly recommend this lesson to make the students smart.
3. The secretary’s efficiency makes her boss happy.
4. People like her make this job efficient.
5. The growing population makes it hard to improve the society.
6. The good weather makes us really active.
7. I believe that your support will make your children better.
8. Your negative assessment of the student made him sad.
9. Pressure at work makes me active.
10. That phrase makes the statement negative.
11. I love the height of these shoes because they make me tall.
12. A crisis like this should make us strong.

327

1. I recommend this to make your trip fun. Repeat.
2. I recommend this to make your trip fun. Change: they, exciting. --- [Theyrecommend this to make your trip exciting.]
3. They recommend this to make your trip exciting. Change: prefer, stay. --[They prefer this to make your stay exciting.]
4. They prefer this to make your stay exciting. Change: my, good. --- [Theyprefer this to make my stay good.]
5. They prefer this to make my stay good. Change: suggest, swimming. --- [Theysuggest swimming to make my stay good.]
6. They suggest swimming to make my stay good. Change: vacation, great. --[They suggest swimming to make my vacation great.]328

1. His support makes us very happy. Repeat.
2. His support makes us very happy. Change: your. --- [Your support makes usvery happy.]
3. Your support makes us very happy. Change: worried. --- [[Your support
makes us very worried.]
4. Your support makes us very worried. Change: height. --- [Your height makes
us very worried.]
5. Your height makes us very worried. Change: recommendation. --- [Yourrecommendation makes us very worried.]
6. Your recommendation makes us very worried. Change: efficient. --- [Yourrecommendation makes us very efficient.]
7. Your recommendation makes us very efficient. Change: so. --- [Yourrecommendation makes us so efficient.]
8. Your recommendation makes us so efficient. Change: their. --- [Their
recommendation makes us so efficient.]
9. Their recommendation makes us so efficient. Change: them. --- [Their
recommendation makes them so efficient.]
10. Their recommendation makes them so efficient. Change: assessment. --[Their assessment makes them so efficient.]329

1. efficiency
2. pressure
3. phrase
4. active
5. support330

1. She makes the efficiency slow. Repeat.
2. Change: job. --- [She makes the job slow.]
3. Change: he. --- [He makes the job slow.]
4. Change: easy. --- [He makes the job easy.]
5. Change: lesson. --- [He makes the lesson easy.]
6. Change: active. --- [He makes the lesson active.]
7. Change: population. --- [He makes the population active.]331

1. smart.
2. the people smart.
3. made the people smart.
4. in the past made the people smart.
5. The crisis in the past made the people smart.

332

1. Pressure makes students unhealthy. Repeat.
2. Pressure makes students unhealthy. Add: in school. --- [Pressure in school
makes students unhealthy.]
3. Pressure in school makes students unhealthy. Add: very. --- [Pressure inschool makes students very unhealthy.]
4. Pressure in school makes students very unhealthy. Add: college. --[Pressure in school makes college students very unhealthy.]333

1. This phrase made the idea confusing. Repeat.
2. Add: a little. --- [This phrase made the idea a little confusing.]
3. Add: whole. --- [This phrase made the whole idea a little confusing.]

334

The following structure can be used to express the ability of someone orsomething to maintain the present state or condition of someone or somethingelse: subject + keep + object + adjective
In this structure, the subject keeps the object according to the adjective.
For example:
John keeps Paula happy.
He keeps the water hot.
This book keeps the children entertained.

335

1. I always keep my body active.
2. She wants me to keep the children singing.
3. My boss keeps us busy in the office.
4. The story keeps me smiling.
5. We keep the house clean.
6. They asked me to keep the sound loud.
7. He wanted to keep the story tricky.
8. We should keep the place comfortable.
9. These people keep the story secret.
10. Let us keep the meeting formal.

336

1. My sister keeps the house clean. Repeat.
2. My sister keeps the house clean. Change: mom. --- [My mom keeps the houseclean.]
3. My mom keeps the house clean. Change: room. --- [My mom keeps the roomclean.]
4. My mom keeps the room clean. Change: fresh. --- [My mom keeps the room
fresh.]
5. My mom keeps the room fresh. Change: food. --- [My mom keeps the food
fresh.]
6. My mom keeps the food fresh. Change: his. --- [His mom keeps the food
fresh.]
7. His mom keeps the food fresh. Change: cousin. --- [His cousin keeps the food
fresh.]
8. His cousin keeps the food fresh. Change: warm. --- [His cousin keeps thefood warm.]
9. His cousin keeps the food warm. Change: brother. --- [His brother keeps thefood warm.]
10. His brother keeps the food warm: Change: place. --- [His brother keeps theplace warm.]337

1. We tried to keep the relationship strong. Repeat.
2. We tried to keep the relationship strong. Change: they, friendship. --- [Theytried to keep the friendship strong.]
3. They tried to keep the friendship strong. Change: want, fun. --- [They want tokeep the friendship fun.]4. They want to keep the friendship fun. Change: show, exciting. --- [They wantto keep the show exciting.]
5. They want to keep the show exciting. Change: suppose, story. --- [Theysuppose to keep the story exciting.]

338

1. I like to keep this secret.
2. I would like to keep this secret.
3. I would like to keep this present secret.
4. I would like to keep this little present secret.

339

1. Dad kept us awake. Repeat.
2. Dad kept us awake. Add: yesterday. --- [Dad kept us awake yesterday.]
3. Dad kept us awake yesterday. Add: night. --- [Dad kept us awake yesterdaynight.]
4. Dad kept us awake yesterday night. Add: my. --- [My dad kept us awake
yesterday night.]

340

1. My children keep me happy. Repeat.
2. My children keep me happy. Change: grades. --- [My grades keep me happy.]
3. My grades keep me happy. Change: tasks. --- [My tasks keep me happy.]
4. My tasks keep me happy. Change: busy. --- [My tasks keep me busy.]
5. My tasks keep me busy. Add: very. --- [My tasks keep me very busy.]
6. My tasks keep me very busy. Change: our. --- [Our tasks keep me very busy.]
7. Our tasks keep me very busy. Change: us. --- [Our tasks keep us very busy.]
8. Our tasks keep us very busy. Add: daily. --- [Our daily tasks keep us verybusy.]

341

1. We keep the house clean. Repeat.
2. We keep the house clean. Transform: what. --- [What do we keep clean?]
3. My teacher kept the class active. Repeat.
4. My teacher kept the class active. Transform: who. --- [Who kept the classactive?]]5. They keep their trip to London fun. Repeat.
6. They keep their trip to London fun. Transform: where. --- [Where do they keep
their trip fun?]
7. I always keep my body healthy. Repeat.
8. I always keep my body healthy. Transform: what. --- [What do I always keep
healthy?]
9. You should try keeping yourself happy every day. Repeat.
10. You should try keeping yourself happy every day. Transform: when. --[When should you try keeping yourself happy?]342