The Causative/Permissive‫ܠ‬ඈ଒݄

ƕƆƋƧƄƕ

Content

Page

Formation

55

Usage

56

The Causative and Inanimate objects

57

The Causative and Transitive Verbs

57

The Causative and Intransitive Verbs

58

The Difference between “make” & “let”

59

More about the 6 Verbs of giving & receiving

61

The Difference between ǐ®and®Ʃ when either
is possible

62

The Long and Short Forms of the Causative

63

Transitive Verbs which are similar in Appearance
or Meaning

64

The Short Causative - a Special Meaning?

66

The Causative in the Passive

67

The Verbal Suffix “- garu”

68

The Causative/Permissive and Intransitive Verbs

71

The Causative/Permissive and Transitive Verbs

85

The Causative/Permissive with Verbs of Giving and Receiving

97

The Causative and the Passive

109

Appendix

119

The Causative -“shieki-doshi”‫ܠ‬ඈ଒݄
Formation
i. ICHIDAN Verbs:
Full form:
Add “-saseru” to negative base.
たべる → たべない → たべ＋させる ＝
The resulting verb is still an ICHIDAN verb.
Short form:
Add “-sasu” to negative base.
＝
食べる → たべない → たべ＋さすThe resulting verb now inflects as a GODAN verb.

たべさせる／食べさせる

たべさす／食べさす

ii. GODAN Verbs:
Full form:
Add “-seru” to negative base.
言う →いわない → いわ＋せる
書く →かかない → かか＋せる
出す →ださない → ださ＋せる
持つ →もたない → もた＋せる
The resulting verb inflects as ICHIDAN
Short form:
Add “-su” to negative base.
言う →いわない → いわ＋す書く →かかない → かか＋す出す →ださない → ださ＋す持つ →もたない → もた＋すThe resulting verb inflects as GODAN

＝
＝
＝
＝

＝
＝
＝
＝

いわせる／言わせる
かかせる／書かせる
ださせる／出させる
もたせる／持たせる

いわす／言わす
かかす／書かすださす／出さす
もたす／持たす

IRREGULAR Verbs “kuru” & “suru”
くる／来る
する

has irregular formation
short form
has irregular formation
short form

こさせる／来させる
こさす／来さすさせる
さすUsage.

At the time of writing it would seem that comment on the the acceptability or otherwise of the use of the shortform is avoided by many writers on the subject of Japanese language education. My impression is that,perhaps because shorter is easier, the short form is being used more as time passes. In anycase, usage may beseen as being in a state of change, (isn’t it always?) and at present I have not been able to find much agreement
regarding the questions as to whether the short form has any special meaning or whether it is always an
acceptable alternative. For the learner, the long forms (-saseru and -seru) are safe at least until life in Japanteaches what is and is not used.

The “Causative” has no simple parallel with English. There are two complications:i.
The causative can be said to have two meanings which seem to an English
speaker
to be quite the opposite of each other, namely:

to MAKE someone or something do something, and secondly,
to LET someone do something.
This may seem strange, but what they have in common is that the same vertical
relationship of authority is involved in either case. In other words, one could make /let someone do something only if there is a relationship such as exists between parent
and child, teacher and pupil, human and animal, human and inanimate object.
ii.

As implied above this verb form involves cultural factors related to the way
Japanese classify relationships and how these are expressed in language. Where
such a relationship of accepted authority as mentioned above does not exist, then thecausative verb construction may not be appropriate, even though the English way of
expressing such a situation may suggest it is the same as that in which the Japanese might use
the causative.
For example, in English we often say:
“I will get X to do Y” as in “I’ll get the electrician to come” or,“I got Tanaka san to translate it.”In such cases because I am not in a position of accepted authority over these people
the causative is not appropriate. Instead, the Japanese might use verb + te + morau
or itadaku: e.g,
でんきやさんにきてもらう。

電気屋さんに来てもらう。
I’ll get the electrician to come.
たなかさんにやくしていただきました。

田中さんに訳していただきましたThe Causative and Inanimate Objects:
The Causative is used not only for influence over people. It may be used toexpress the idea of causing inanimate objects to act.
このおどりをおどって、あめをふらす／ふらせる。

この踊を踊って、雨を降らす／降らせる。
We will do this dance and make it rain.
ビールをながくいれすぎたから、こおらして／こおらせてしまったんです。

ビールを長く入れすぎたから、凍らして／凍らせて
I put the beer in for too long and froze it.

しまったん

です。

まいしゅうにちようび、このこうえんでなんにんかのひとがちいさなひこうきをリモコンでとばす／とばせる。

毎週日曜日、この公園で何人かの人が小さな飛行機をリモコンで 飛ばす／飛ばせる。
On Sunday every week at this park, some people fly small planes by remote control.

The Causative and Transitive Verbs:
Transitive verbs already have an object. When used in the causative, an extra object ismade, i.e. the thing which was the original object and now the thing or person madeor
allowed to act. But in Japanese the object particle を can only occur once for each verb. So,
the following sentence pattern is used:person influenced + に , original object +を＋ causative verb.

Consider the following which has an object indicated by を and a “shudai” indicated
by は.
うちのこは

まいにちピアノをひきます。

うちの子は 毎日ピアノを 弾きます。
If we re-express it using the causative, both “piano” and “our child” will become
something like objects of the new causative verb ひかせるas follows:
うちのこに

まいにちピアノをひかせます。

うちの子に 毎日ピアノを 弾かせます。
I make/let our child play the piano every day.
A similar example:にまいにち、うちのこにを
このくすりをのませます。

に この薬をを 飲ませます。
毎日、うちの子にI make/let* my child take this medicine every day.
* “let” is logically unlikely but grammatically possible.

は
わたくしは

に
まいにち、うちのこにを
このくすりをのませます。

は 毎日、うちの子にに この薬をを 飲ませます。
私はBut if we use this sentence as a subordinate clause は is replaced by が:
が
わたしが

に
まいにちうちのこにを
このくすりをのませているのをしっていますか。

が 毎日うちの子にに この薬をを のませているのを知っていますか。
私がDo you know I am making* our child take this medicine everyday?
* “let” is logically unlikely but grammatically possible.

The Causative and Intransitive Verbs:
Intransitive verbs have no object so normally they have no use for the case particle を.
However, when used in the causative the person or thing caused to act can be considered
an object. Therefore, we can find either を or に used with the causative of
intransitive verbs, but they are not always interchangeable.
を／に

うちのこ

ちゅうごくへいかせた。

うちの子 を ／ に 中国へ行かせた。
I made/let my son/daughter go to China.
こども

を／に

こうえんであそばせた。

子供 を ／ に 公園で遊ばせた。
I made/let the children play in the parkIn the above, a strong preference for “o” was voiced by a number of native speakers I
consulted. It was also suggested that “ni” would sound right if “uchi no ko” were
stressed. Another suggestion is that while “o” sounds rather objective like a merereport of some action taken, the use of “ni” sounds as if there is more empathy or
feeling between the causer and causee.

More on this topic under # 2 below.

More Information to consider:

Three Differences, the “Causative - Passive”
and the Verbal Suffix “-garu” .
1)
a)
b)

The difference between “make” and “let.”with “helping words” to make the difference clear
with verbs for “giving” & “receiving” (やる．くださる．くれる．もらう etc.)2)

The dif ference betw een を and に,when there is achoic e.

3)

The difference between the long and short forms of the causative.

4)

When verbs are made “ causative” in the long form,they inflect like ICHIDAN verbs andthe meaning includes “make someone do somethin g.” This meaning lends itself easily
to bein g made passiv e wit h the “ causee” as the “ shudai” or as the subject. The resulting
expressionthenmeans “(I)am/wasmadeto do something.”

5)

The causative with adjectives expressing states of mind and body, including the“-tai”
form of verbs.

1)

How to expr ess the diff eren ce b etwe en “ make ” &“ let. ”

1a)by using extra words to enhance the meaning:
While it is not completely obvious in the simple examples given above whether“make” or “let” is the intended meaning, in normal use there is little need for ambiguity.
Clarity will come from either or both the context or the extra words which can beused to make the meaning clear. Examples of such additional “helping words” toenhance the meaning are:いやがる
not want to/dislike
むりに／むりやり
forcibly, against someone’s will.
すきなだけ
as much as one likeseg

ひとにビールをのませる。

人にビールを飲ませる

may mean either: “make or let someone drink beer.”But by adding the above expressions any ambiguity can be removed.
いやがる

ひとにビールをのませるのはだめですよ。

嫌がる

人にビールを飲ませるのは駄目ですよ。
You shouldn’t pressure people to drink beer when they don’t want to.

This meaning is even stronger if むりに／無理に
いやがる

嫌がる

or むりやりis used:

ひとにビールを む り や り のませるのはだめですよ。
人にビールを 無 理 に 飲ませるのは駄目ですよ。

Don’t force people to drink beer against their will.
こんばん、みんなにビール

すきなだけのませましょうか。

今晩、皆にビールを 好 き な だ け 飲ませましょうか。
Tonight, shall we let everyone drink as much beer as they like?

can only mean:

Howt oe xpresst hed ifferenceb etween“ make”& “ let.” cont.
1b)by using the causative + verbs of giving and receiving (referred to as Type 3 verbs
in this programme)
A common and useful construction using the causative, is the combination of “-teform” with one of the 6 verbs:
やる
あげる
くれる
くださる
もらう
いただく
The meaning of this structure can be understood more easily by interpreting the verb
in the causative as meaning “permission to do......” while the verbs above mean “togive or receive” then the combination means “give/receive permission to.......,” asin “I was allowed to go home early.” “The teacher let me go home earlier.” “I let
him swim in the river.” “May I use this.” e.g:
（せんせいに）はやくかえらせてもらいました／いただきました。

（先生に）早く帰らせて もらいました／いただきました。
I was allowed to go home early (by the teacher.)
せんせい

は／が

はやくかえらせてくれました／くださいました。

先生は／が 早く帰らせて くれました／くださいました。
The teacher let me go home early.
かわでおよがせてやりました／やった。

川で泳がせて やりました／やった。*
I let him swim in the river.
*less

As “ageru” is in theory used only when giving to an “equal” or “superior” it should be difficult but
perhaps not impossible to conceive a situation when it would be right to combine “ageru” with theidea of “giving permission,” (i.e., to a superior) but younger Japanese are now using “ageru” withdiscrimination and use it even when “giving to inferiors.” Such language use would have been
inconceivable a generation ago and reflects a general change in in the observance of what might beつかわせていただけますか。

使わせていただけますか。
May I use this please?
つかわせてもらいました／いただきました。

使わせて もらいました／いただきました。
I was given permission to use this, (and am grateful.)
つかわせていただけないでしょうか。

使わせていただけないでしょうか。
I wonder if you might be good enough to let me use this.
せんせいにつかわせていただきました。

先生に使わせていただきました。
The teacher was good enough to let me use this.
See also the footnote at the end of these notes.

More about the 6 verbs of “giving & receiving”
Note the function of these 6 verbs to express an action or favour being
given or received between people related by some kind of vertical
relationship, referred to as “jo-ge kankei.” (上下関係) See Ex E5
Note how the use of the particles and the direction of “giving ⇔receiving” changes depending on which pair of verbs is used.
やる ：receiverあげる

the subject is giverI, we （は／が）you （は／が）direction of giving the→→→→→→→→→→→→

you,him/her,they (に）him/her, they（に）く れ る ：くださる
s/he, they （は／が） →→→→→→
you, me, us （に）you （は／が） →→→→→→
me, us（に）もらう
t he subject is receiverI（は／が）you （は／が）：いただく

direction of giving

the giver←←←←←←←←←←←←

you, him/her, them（に：から）
him/her, them （に：から）

2)

Thed ifferenceb etween をa nd に whene itheri s p ossible.

When the verb in the causative is transitive “o” is not an option, and “ni” will be
used with the word for the person or thing caused or allowed to act. Note that the particle “o”
is still needed to accompany the original object wit the causative of thetransitive verb, as
in the examples already given:に ちピアノをを ひかせます。
うちのこにまいに

うちの子に毎日ピアノを弾かせます。
に
まいにち、うちのこにを
このくすりをのませます。

に毎日、うちの子にをこの薬を飲ませます。

However when the verb is intransitive either を or に is possible but notinterchangeably. In “A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar” Makino & Tsutsuisay (P389):“When ni is used, the causee has taken the action intentionally. For
example ni is ungrammatical in (1) because the causee did not intend to go to
the party:(1) ちちは わたしを／に むりやりパーティーへ いかせた。
父は私を／に むりやりパーティーへ行かせた。
My father made me go to the party (against my will.)
Also, ni is ungrammatical in (2) because the causee is a non-volitional
entity (in ordinary English that means it can’t make decisions by itself. P.K.) andtherefore can not take voluntary action:(2) わたしはハンカチを／に しめらせた。
私はハンカチを／に 湿らせた。
I dampened my handkerchief.
Note:

I have slightly edited the above quote. (P.K.)

Therefore according to this explanation, it would also be correct to report the fact thatby washing one’s residential windows one can invariably cause it to rain, using theparticle “o,” but not with “ni.”うちのまどガラスをみがくといつもあめを／にふらす。

うちの窓がラスを磨くといつも雨を／に 降らす。
When I clean the windows at home I always make it rain.
あめを／に

ふらすには、いえのまどガラスをみがきます。

雨を／に 降らすには、家の窓ガラスを磨きます。
To make it rain, you clean your windows at home.
However, I am unable to say that the Makino & Tsutsui distinction is the last word on
the subject because native speakers I questioned accept expressions which don’t
follow this explanation. Another suggestion which perhaps softens but does notcontradict the above explanation, is that while “o” sounds rather objective like a merereport of some action taken, the use of “ni” sounds as if there is more empathy or
feeling between the causer and causee.
Other examples of the use of “o” and “ni”:
わたしにしょくじだいをはらわせてください。

はなこはちょうじょ

を／にかいものにいかせた。

花子は長女 を／に 買い物に行かせた。
Hanako got her eldest daughter to do the shopping.
(either “o” or “ni” depending on the appropriate nuance.)
たろうははなこをなかせた。

太郎は花子を泣かせた。
Taro made Hanako cry.
(Presumably she didn’t want to cry so “o” is correct, but if the circumstances werethat Hanako needed Taro’s instructions to cry, then “ni” would be correct.)
はなこはかじゅうをこおらせて、デサートをつくりました。

花子は果汁を凍らせてデサートを作りました。
Hanako made some dessert by freezing some fruit-juice.
(The fruit-juice did not, could not volunteer for freezing so “ni” is not appropriate.

3)

The Long and Short Forms of the Causative.
Note that when the short form of the causative is used the verb then inflects as
GODAN whether or not it is originally ICHIDAN or GODAN.
At the time of writing it would seem that comment on the acceptability or otherwiseof the use of the short form is avoided by many writers on the subject of Japanese
language education. My impression is that, perhaps because shorter is easier, theshort form is being used more as time passes. In anycase, usage may be seen as
being in a state of change, (isn’t it always?) and at present I have not been able tofind a consensus regarding the questions as to whether the short form has any
special meaning or whether it is always an acceptable alternative. For the learner,
the long forms (-saseru and -seru) are safe at least until life in Japan teaches what is
and is not used.
One suggested difference (Makino & Tsutsui, A Dictionary of Basic Japanese
Grammar, P391) in the use of the long and short forms of some verbs is mentioned
below, but note that there is not a consensus about the existence of this difference
and in any case it is not to be considered rigid.
Note also that some common verbs have what can be viewed as a transitive form
which combines the original (often intransitive) meaning with the meaning of thecausative. These verbs (examples below) should be considered as transitive
verbs in their own right and not as causatives. However, in his column inGekkan Nihongo (April,1992. P47) Hiromu Kato of Tohoku University describes
the theory that such verbs did originate by combining the original form of the verb
with the causative auxiliary and subsequently dropping repetitive “s” sounds.

Transitive verbs which aresimilar in appearance or
meaning to
the causative form:
The transitive forms of the verbs listed below partly, but do notcompletely, replace the need for the normal causative forms of theoriginal verbs: 合う．利く．済む．そる．しめる． 酔う．
見る．乗る．着る．寝る. They are so close in meaning to thecausative that it is often difficult to identify any difference, if indeed,
any real difference exists.
In some cases the “-su” forms listed below actually look the sameas the short causative. They are marked ※. This being so, whymake a list of them as being separate? The reason for treatingthem as transitive verbs in their own right, separate from the causative
form is that, they are considered to be so and at least in somedictionaries they appear as separate items. For example, you shouldfind “awasu,” “sumasu” and “yowasu” in a dictionary, but you
probably will not find “tabesasu,” “nomasu” or “motasu” unlessfollowed by an instruction to see elswhere for the original form.
A list of examples of these verbs is given on the next page,
with the short and long causative forms of the original verb forcomparison.

.

Transitive verbs which are similar in appearance or
meaning to the causative form:
Original verb andmeaning“-su

合 う to suit, fit →あわす．合わす※

make something fit

利 く to be effective,
to work→

きかす．利かす※apply something for its effecte.g. salt or spice in cooking

causative forms:

causative forms:

済 む to end→

causative forms:verb”

and meaning

合わせる．合わす利かせる．利かす

すます．済ます※finish, settle an issue, repay

済ませる．済ます

すみません the apology expression, is this verb. Have you noticed how Japanesepeople often say “ I’m sorry ” in inappropriate places? It is because they arethinking of “ sumanai.” (In terms of “ giri” 義理 “ gimu” 義務 and“ on-gaeshi” 恩返し, the issue “ does not end ” 済まない until I have “ repaid,”
and may not even then.) Read Ruth Benedict’s “ The Chrysanthemum & the
Sword” for explanation.

そ る to be/become
curved→causative forms:しめる

get damp→

causative forms:

そらす．反らす※to bend something

反らせる．反らすしめ（ら）
す．湿（ら）す※ make something damp
湿らせる．湿らす

酔 う get drunk→

よわす．酔わす※

make someone drunk

見 る to see→

みせる ．見せる

cause to see = show

乗 る to get in/on →のせる ．乗せる

cause to get in/on ( a vehicle) = give aride to s.o.

causative forms:

causative forms:

causative forms:

着 る to put on→

酔わせる．酔わす

見させる．見さす乗らせる．乗らす

きせる ．着せる

causative forms:

着させる．着さす

寝 る to sleep→(alternative)

ねかす．寝かす寝かせる

causative forms:

寝させる．寝さす

cause someone to wear(clothing,obligation) = to dress, clothe (someone
else, to put (an item of clothing) on
someone else.

put (a baby) down to sleep; also used for
putting money aside, or an enzyme or
yeast aside to work.

Short Causative -- a Special meaning??
In so far as the short causative has any special meaning distinguishing it from thelong causative, it may be that the action is be taken by the “causer” not by the
person caused or “causee.” For example if the transitive form of きる ．着る(to wear, put on) namely, きせる．着せる is used as follows then the speaker is
not making or letting the baby put on the sweater but is actually taking that action
him/herself:
さむくなりそうですから、あかちゃんにセーターをきせましょう。

寒くなりそうですから、赤ちゃんにセーターを着せましょう。
It looks like turning cold, let’s put a sweater on the baby.
Similarly, the causative of the ICHIDAN verb たべる is 食べさせる. The
short form is therefore 食べさす. According to the above suggestion therefore,
the following sentence is different from the one below it because in the second,
the patient wields the spoon him/herself. But note that this distinction should
not be considered rigid in application and some do not agree that the distinction
actually exists .
びょうにんにスープをスプーンでたべさした。

病人にスープをスプーンで食べさした。
I fed soup to the patient with a spoon.
びょうにんにスープをたべさせるつもりです。

病人にスープを食べさせるつもりです。
I intend to make/let the patient eat soup.
However, while the above hypothesis does seem appropriate for some examples,the short form is not used only in this way and may be
simply an alternative for the long form.
As suggested earlier, we think the learner needs to be able to form boththe long and the short causatives, but that it is better to favour the longform until experience makes you familiar with actual usage.

The Causative - Passive:

4

When verbs are made “causative” in the long form, they inflect like ICHIDAN verbs
and can mean “make someone do something.” This meaning lends itself easily to
は ． も ） or as the subject
being made passive with the “causee” as the “shudai” (はが ). The resulting expression then means “(I) am/was made to do something.”(がNote that to say “I was allowed to do something, “-sasete itadaku/morau” etc would
be used.
(* for help with those marked, see below or next page.)

Examples:しゃちょうはわたしにそのじけんをしらべさせました。

社長は私にその事件を調べさせました。
Converted into the passive this becomes:

わたしはしゃちょうにその事件をしらべさせられました。

私は社長にその事件を調べさせられました。
I’ve been made to investigate that incident by the boss.
びょういんで３じかんもまちました。

病院で３時間も待ちました。
In the causative - passive this would become:
びょういんで３じかんもまたせられました。

病院で３時間も待たせられました。
At the hospital I was made to wait for all of 3 hours.
More examples:
わたしはワインがだいすきなのに、いしゃに（ワインを）やめさせられました。

私はワインが大好きなのに、医者に（ワインを）やめさせられました。
In spite of my great liking for wine, I’ve been made to give it up by the doctor.
わたしはこどものころからだがたいへんよわかったので、まいあさ、ちちにうんどうさせられました。

私は子供のころ体がたいへん弱かったので、毎朝、父に運動させられました。
When I was a child, I was physically very weak so my father made me do exercises
every morning.
えいごはへたなのに、わたしはきょう、あたらしいせんせいに３０ぷんも、えいごではなさせられました。

英語は下手なのに私は今日、新しい先生に３０分も英語で話させられました。
In spite of the fact that I am very bad at it, today I was made to talk in English for allof 30 minutes by the new teacher.

テレビなどのコマーシャルをみて、ものをほしがらせられる。＊

テレビ等のコマーシャルを見て、物を欲しがらせられる。＊
You look at advertising on T.V. and so on, and that makes you want things.
かねもちのごうかないえをみると、うらやましがらせられなすね。＊

金持ちの豪華な家を見ると羨ましがらせられますね＊5* VERBAL SUFFIX“-garu”

with adjectives expressing emotions and states ofmind or body.

Remember that verbs and adjectives expressing emotions and sensations or states of mind and body can not be
used of third persons without modification. This list includes any verb in the "-tai" form. One modification isthe verbal suffix "-garu" used here.
"-garu" is required with the following when the subject is the third person: Note that the "-garu" verb is often
used in the "-te iru" form but can be used with any meaningful inflection.

iya→iyagaruxx (will) hate(s) / dislike(s)嫌がらせるmake xx dislike xxx
hoshii→ hoshigaru
xx (will) want(s)欲しがらせる
make xx wantkowai
→ kowagaru
xx will be/is afraid
怖がらせる
cause xx to be afraidomoshiroi → omoshirogaru
xx will be/is amused
面白がらせる
amuse xx (make someone be amused)kanashii→ kanashigaru
xx will be/is sad
悲しがらせる
make xx sadurayamashii → urayamashigaru xx will be/is envious
羨ましがらせる
make someone envious
tabetai→ tabetagaru
xx will want/wants to eat
食べたがらせる
make xx want to eat
sabishii→ sabishigaru
xx will be/is lonely
寂しがらせる
make someone be lonely
ureshii→ ureshigaru
xx will be/is delighted
嬉しがらせる
make xx happy
natsukashii → natsukashigaru xx will be/is nostalgic
懐かしがらせる
make someone nostalgic
The following indicate physical states:

kayui

→

kayugaru
xx will be/is itchy
かゆがらせる
cause xx to be itchy
itai→ itagaru
it will be/is painful for xx
痛がらせる
cause xx to feel painkurushii → kurushigaru
it will be/is painful for xx
苦しがらせる
cause distress, suffering to xx
samui→ samugaru
xx feels the cold (see "samugariya")atsui→ atsugaru
xx feels the heat (see "atsugariya")kusuguttai → kusuguttagaru
xx is ticklish
くすぐったがらせる cause xx to become ticklish
nemutai → nemutagaru
xx will be/is sleepy
眠むたがらせるt blFootnote:This happened to me yesterday and I thought it interesting as astudy in how different cultural characteristics of languages
reflect the need to say different things in the same situation.

On my way home about 7pm (Kyoto, December 1997) I stopped
at a market for some vegetables for the evening meal. I noticed
that a 10 kilogramme box of mandarines could be had for 900yen
and though I already had two bags to carry, I bought it. This
meant a walk of about one kilometre with a bag hanging from eacharm while holding the box of mandarines on my head with both
hands. About 50 metres from home a car stopped and a woman
got out and came over and said she shops in the same market had
noticed me buying the mandarines, so seeing me heading in what
was apparently the same direction, asked if she could give me a lifthome.
I was indeed grateful for her kindness, but the reason for inserting
this anecdote here is because of her use of the “shieki” inflection
when she explained that she shops at the same market, saying in
effect something like:“ I receive your permission to shop at the same market, and saw
you buy the mandarines.”
おなじいちば でかいものをさせてい ただいていますから、 おみかんをかっているのをみました。

同じ市場で買い物させていただ いていますから、おみかんを買っているのを見ました。

As an English speaker, it would never have occurred to me to haveused this construction in the circumstances, no matter how much I
learn about the language. Depressing thought.