IBLAW Field Study Trip 2014
“In Quest for a Sustainable, Prosperous and Peaceful World”
February 16th – February 25th, 2014

Graduate School of International Social Sciences

IBLAW Philippines Field Study Trip 2014
In Quest for a Sustainable, Prosperous and Peaceful World

Table of Contents
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.

Introduction……………………………………………………………………1
Commentaries by Faculty Members……………………………………………2
List of Participants……………………………………………………………. 6
Detailed Itinerary………………………………………………………………7
Group Reports of Participants……………………………………......................9-1. Salt Payatas-……………………………………...........................................9-2.JICA-……………………………………......................................................10-3. Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines-…………………………....14-4. The Philippine Stock Exchange-……………………………………...........17-5. The Mitsubishi Corporation -……………………………………................19-6. Interview with the travel agency HIS-……………………………………..22-7.The Department of Foreign Affair-……………………………………........24-8.Interview with Professor Harry L. Roque Jr.- …………………………...…27-9.University of Philippines Visit-……………………………………………..28-10.UST &YNU joint session-……………………………………...................31-11.PhilRice-……………………………………...............................................33-12. Pantabangan Dam-……………………………………..............................36-13. Subic New Container Port Terminal-……………………………………..37-14. Sea Turtle Conservation Center-……………………………………........38-15. Bataan Nuclear Power Plant-…………………………………………….39-16.City Tour and Intramuros-………………………………………………...41-17.Asia Development Bank-…………………………………………………43-18.NEDA-……………………………………………………………………44
VI. Individual Reports of Participants……………………………...........................45
VII. Contact List…………………………………………………............................60

This report is finished under the co-operation of Wang Qi, Meriley Hailey and Motoyoshi Yuki.

I.

Introduction
From February 16th to 25th , a group consists of five graduate students, eightundergraduate students, two professors, and a university staff from the Graduate
School of International Social Sciences of Yokohama National University paid a fieldstudy to the Philippines.
The field study trip program to the Philippines is titled " IBLaw Study Trip 2014: In
Quest for a Sustainable, Prosperous, and Peaceful World", and is conceived to achieve
following goals:
1.

To gain knowledge regarding issues involved in students‟ research task throughinterviews and seminars;

2.

To gather materials and establish contacts that would contribute to the students‟
thesis; and,3.

To promote exchange between YNU students and local students in thePhilippines.

The Philippines field study trip conducted by GSISS has been proved to be a fruitful
successful program since it was incepted in 2005. This year‟s field-trip study inherited
the tradition of the program, which is its great academic depth and width, yet succeeds
in contributing some new features to the program. For the first time, the field study
trip enrolled the undergraduate students, hence provided an opportunity for graduate
students to gain better knowledge for their assignments and also a chance to enrichtheir college life for the undergraduate students at the same time.

1II. Commentaries by Faculty Members-Associate Professor Hiromi Kabashima-

Why is the Philippines behind the other three
ASEAN economies of Indonesia, Malaysia andThailand though all of them launched economic
growth with the advantage of the technologicalbacklog of the advanced economies in 1980s?
――― It is one of the questions that I have hadsince my schooldays. I am sure that the answer is
not single, but I got a hint to analyze it during thistrip. One of the reasons why the Philippine has
relatively failed to invite foreign direct investment(FDI) may lie in the electric power supply. Power shortage persisted in the Philippines
since the second half of 1980s, and the government was also criticized for the
inefficient public service and high power rate in 1990s. Foreign investors would havechosen the countries with stable and low cost po wer supply. The problematic power
environment plagued the Philippines' ability to compete in the manufacturing sector.
Additionally, the decline of the national economy by the Asian Financial Crisis in1997 accelerated the situation, which made the government open Philippine electricity
market. Privatization of the power sector was finally undertaken in 2001 and we do
not encounter the severe power shortage any more as long as we stay in the Metro
Manila. However, people still complain about high power costs and I do not think thatthe deregulation has not appealed to foreign investors. Filipinos do not enjoy FDI tohave some impacts on domestic job creation.
According to textbooks of economics, privatization and market liberalization canbe a solution to deal with fatal aspects cased by governments. As some previous
experiences have shown in developed and developing countries, privatization and2market liberalization can improve public management more efficiently. Nevertheless,note that such mechanism basically assumes plenty of demand and supply to maintaincompetitive market at present and in the future. The Philippine electricity market
seems to stumble in terms of the assumption of “perfect competition”. Even if thegovernment implements the deregulated public policies on electric power supply,
oligarchic collusion will stop supply competition and the lack of abilities handlingdemand uncertainty will not let market mechanism work well.
The 2014 YNU group consisted of seven undergraduate students and five
postgraduate students in the field study trip. I was afraid that students might fail toobtain dazzling results due to diversity of years (from freshmen to master course
students), and departments ( from humanities, social science to natural science) for the
first time. However my fear was groundless. All the participants were quite aggressive
to be involved in the activities. I am proud of those high achievers.
I appreciate all the cooperation by the UST group, Ms Suto and Ms Akutsu. Theircordial support made the successful trip. I also thank Dean Marilu R. Madrunio,
Professor Tomas Tiu, Professor Carol Castano, Professor, Grecebio Jonathan D.
Alejandro and Mr Exequiel Cabanda. I do not know how to express my deep
appreciation for their warmhearted contribution.

3

-Associate Professor Kobayashi Takaaki -I made a presentation at Joint Session between UST
and YNU on 19th Feb. 2014titled as “Foreign Aid andGovernance: Changing Landscape of Development
Cooperation the Emergence of Emerging Donors”.
The outline of presentation was as follows;
1. Changing landscape of developing cooperation arepresented in comparison with traditional ODA
word;
2. Long term trends of China‟s aid activities are
speculated;
3. Whole picture of China‟s aid system and are indicated
4. Advantages and disadvantages are of Asian donors are argued.
My main argument is Asian donors have complement to financial gap of developing
countries trough providing economic infrastructures cheaper and faster than
traditional donors who focus on only education and health.
Discussion points with UST were as follows; Philippines will become a donor in near future or is donor/SSC provider evennow?
 What is the role of emerging donors especially China in context of Philippines‟sdevelopment?
 Does norms and values as democratic nation contradicted with receiving
assistance from non-democratic country?
 Is there common future of Asian donors?

4

-Administrative Staff

Akahane Toshiya-First, let me express my gratitude to all parties thatgave me wonderful experiences.
Through this program I got a lot of valuable
experiences. Even though there are a number ofimpressive matters, I would like to mention threepoints.
The first point that I was surprised was theaggressiveness of YNU students. They asked lots ofquestions to the staffs in the government offices, theinternational organizations, and companies. They were
not hesitating at all. I was impressed that they had attitude that they want to learn
about outside of their fields. There were students who were not good at English, butthey tried to speak English as possible as they could. I am proud of them. Their efforts
let me think about what I can do for them.
The second point was that YNU had prestigious places that we can visit

in thePhilippines. YNU professors have been continued to having connections with themfor long time. Their efforts gave YNU students the chance of leaning about them.
The third point was that the hospitality of the people who may it concern with us in
the Philippines. In order to obtain the best experiences we want to get during limited
time, they had big efforts to show us various things. I thank them a lot.
Through this experience, I got the chance of thinking that how I should contribute to
the YNU. Professors gave me an opportunity that not only visiting with students but
also seeing the office of the Santo Thomas University. It was great experience for me.
I want to improve myself as an administrative staff and give back to professors.
Last but not least, I would like to express my sincere thanks to Associate Professor
Kabashima, Associate Professor Kobayashi, the students of YNU, and all people
concerned. Thank you very much.
5III. List of participants-Students1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Name
MOTOYOSHI YUKI
MATSUNAGA SHINNOSUKE
OKUHARA YUKAKOSAKA YULIKUSAMA YUKIKONOZAKI TAIRAHASHIMOTO MAHIROGUO JIAWANG QIDAO THI THANH HUYENOTOGONBAYAR SOYOLMAAMERIEL HAILEY

Sex
M
M
F
F
F
M
M
M
M
F
F
F

Grade
M1
M1
U2
U2
U1
U1
U1
MI
MI
U1
U1
M1

Nationality
JapaneseJapaneseJapaneseJapaneseJapaneseJapaneseJapanese
ChineseChineseVietnamese
Mongolian
Pilipino

Sex
F
M
M

Occupation
Associate Professor
Associate Professor
University Staff-Faculty Members1
2
3

Name
KABASHIMA HIROMIKOBAYASHI TAKAAKIAKAHANE TOSHIYA

6

IV: Detailed Itinerary

TIME
1600H
1845H
2250H
2500 H

0800H
0900-1200H
1400-1800H
0800H
0900-1030H
1100-1200H
1400-1600H
0800H
0900-1100H
1000-1600H
1400-1600H
1800-2030H
0550H
0600H
1130-1230H

1400-1445H
1500-1630H
2000-2140H

22:30
0750H
0900-1030H

ACTIVITY
February 16 (Sunday)
Meet up at Terminal 1 North Wing of the
Narita Airport
Departure flight from Narita
Arrival at NAIA Airport, Manila
Check in at Hotel in Manila (The Charter
House)
February 17 (Monday)
Leave the Hotel
Payatas tour
JICA
February 18 (Tuesday)
Leave the HotelIntellectual Property Office of thePhilippines
The Philippine Stock Exchange
Mitsubishi Corporation
February 19 (Wednesday)
Leave the Hotel
Department of Foreign Affairs
University of the Philippines Diliman
Interview with Professor Harry L Roque Jr.
UST&YNU Joint Session
February 20 (Thursday)
Checkout
Leave the Hotel
PhiRice Seminar

REMARKS

via DL473

Payatas team only

Member Matsunaga
interviewed with thetravel agency

Postgraduate students
Undergraduates
Postgraduate students

Presentation on
PhilRice‟s research,
Interview with expert.

Lunch at canteen, Phil Rice
Pantabangan Dam Tour
Clark Freeport Zone
Spilt into 2 groups
1. Widus Resort and Casino
2. Yokohama Tires Philippines
Check- in the Hotel at Subic Freeport Zone
February 21 (Friday)
Breakfast
Tour of Subic New Container Port Seminar on Subic Port
7

1200-1245H

1330-1440
1600-1730
1830H

0600H
0700-1000H
1030H
1500-1800H
1830H
0000H
0915-1300H
1400-1600H
1900H
0800H
0900-1200H
1220-1320H
1330H
1430-1550H
1830-2130H

0415H
0430H
0745H
1245H

Terminal
by experts andMorong Pawikan (Sea Turtle Conservation Seminar on sea turtle
Center)protection and sea turtle
releaseBataan Nuclear Power Plant
Presentation and speech made by Bataan
Vice Governor
Check- in the Hotel
Campfire party with
UST students
February 22(Saturday)
Breakfast
Mt. Natib tour
Leave for Manila
Intramouros tour
Check- in the Hotel
February 23 (Sunday)
Leave for Tagaytay / Taal Volcano
Tagaytay / Taal Volcano Tour
Lunch
Arrived at the hotel
February 24 (Monday)
Leave the Hotel
ADB presentation
Lunch with
Leave for NEDA
NEDA
Thank-you Party

Charter House

After fruit shopping

By LRT
By taxi
With UST and contact
personFebruary 25 (Tuesday)
Check-out the Hotel
Leave the Hotel
By vanDeparture flight from NAIA airport,
ManilaArrive at Narita Airport
via DL172

8

V.

Group Reports by students-1. Salt PayatasFebruray 17th , 0900-1200

We participated in a study program of
SALT which is an NPO acting in
Payatas area. Payatas is near to S mokey
Mountain Manila, and has problems
about inferior environment and poverty.
SALT

conducts

activitiesonempowerment of children and women.
Around10:20 am, we visited the Commemorate memorial. In year 2000, 500 barracks
were crushed under garbage due to landslide of garbage caused by heavy rainfall.
According to formal announcement, number of victims was 234 people. However,people say the real number of victims ranges from 400 to 800 people. There is anexisting memorial for the victims. After the explanation about the accident, we laid
flower on the memorial.
Later, we divided into two groups and interviewed the residents. Our interviewee
was a mother with 4 children.It is hard for her to bring up 4 children. However, sheworks a side job of embroidery which SALT supply.She happily talked about her 2children that went to university and another child went to high school with thescholarshipgranted by SALT.As for

medical care, she basically

visits apharmacy in her district. Although she has
a medical card given by the government(similar to insurance certificate in Japan),she often does not go to a hospital anddoes home-care, because medical cost is9too high.Her house was made of wood and is not in the same class with Japanese one.
However I could feel warmth.
After the exchange of opinions, we gathered at the SALT‟s building. We listened toa presentation about SALT‟s activities. Later, we shared our respective opinions with
Salt staffs. The content of presentation was about the empowerment for women. This
district

has social problems about

women‟s big burden, example of single
mothers, low incomes and large families.
SALT provides them job opportunities
such as embroidery, and sells towels andhandkerchiefs with embroideries. Salt
also provides scholarships andhasestablished a library for the children.
Later, Staff leader also gave a speech, and I noted 2 impressive points in her speech.
Firstly, “volunteer is not a romantic activity.” Secondly, “government only gives
physical support such as infrastructure. We cannot solve poverty by physicalfulfillment alone.”
We studied a lot of valuable things because we were able to feel the present
condition of poverty and passion of the people who rustle toward problems with theskins. Although I have poor ability, turning this experience for my studies/ graduation,
I wish to contribute to the development of the Philippines and the solution of poverty.

(Note-taker: Matsugnaga Sinnosuke, Photo-taker: Hashimoto Mahiro)

10

-2.JICAFebruray 17th , 1400-1800

In JICA Philippines, we heard a presentation about what JICA Philippines is for,what they do, disaster risk management, transport planning and infrastructures, andagricultural and rural development in the Philippines. In 1974, JICA Philippines office
was established in Metro Manila. JICA Philippines office works for such as Yen loan,
Grant Aid, Japan overseas cooperation volunteers, and training program. They also
work for dispatching Japanese volunteers, and provide support for NGOs andemergency rescue for disaster management. There are three pillars in JICA
Philippines. The first one is to achieve sustainable economic growth throughtransportation, energy, infrastructure and investment thru government. The second one
is to maintain and stabilize the basement ofpeople‟s living, disaster mitigation, healthwater, agriculture and production, and the
last

one

is

to

achieve

peace

and

development such as poverty alleviation,
regional and community building andcapacity building in Mindanao.
Philippines is a country ranked as the third where is influenced by climate change
11and frequency of natural disaster is high. RA10121, which has NDRRMC as its head,
has a cycle that recovery and rehabilitation,
mitigation and prevention, preparedness anddisaster response. RA10121 is useful formaking a change in legal framework of
DRRM, but it cannot be used directly forchange in DRRM works.
From the recent calamities, building resiliency, habitat issues such as the area, site
development and risk perception for further risk reduction, and management areconsidered as issues. What to be done so far by
supporting from JICA is risk assessment,
information dissemination with redundancy,
risk perception, evacuation rate calculation,
examination on disaster

information anddissemination, and disaster scenario setting.
In 1880, electricity was first introduced in the Philippines and at that timeinterruption of power supply was frequently occurred. In the early twentieth century,electricity was supplied to only a few households in Manila, and the rest of thecountry did not have electricity yet. In addition, because private enterprises managed
much of the power sector, price of electricity inthe Philippine is as expensive asJapan.
The transport sector plays a vital role in theeconomic development of a country. A good andefficient transport system is the life blood of theeconomy and serves as an important catalyst forsustainable economic growth. Promotion of
trade and investments, tourism, and peace andstability in conflict-affected areas, facilitation of regional integration and development,
and support for agricultural production and rural development are the main objectivesof transport systems. JICA supported construction of many transportation systems
12such as Subic-Clark-Tarlac expressway, Subic Bay port, NAIA terminal2, light railtransit, Agas-Agas Bridge and Mindanao container terminal development.
In the Philippines, agricultural sector consists about 13% of GDP and 23% of labor
force.JICA is working in financial support for micro farms, support for agricultural
technology, and construction and reconstruction of basic infrastructure as they insist
to make production of staple food more efficiency.

(Note-taker: Kosaka Yuri, Photo-taker: DAO THI THANH HUYEN)

13

-3. Intellectual Property Office of the PhilippinesFebruary 18th , 0900-1030

Since my former work background is related to patents, in the morning on February
18th , after asking for permit in advance, we had the honor to visit the Intellectual
Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL).
The first speaker, Mr. Mark, is a lawyer working for the Director General of the
IPOPHL. He gave us a presentation on the regime of Intellectual Property inPhilippines.
First of all, what are Intellectual Properties? Intellectual property (IP) refers to any
creation or product of the human mind or intellect. It can be an invention, an original
design, a practical application of a good idea, and a mark of ownership such as
trademark, literary and artistic works, among
other things. The term “intellectual property
rights” consists of:a. Copyrights and Related Rights;
b. Trademarks and Service Marks;c. Geographical Indications;d. Industrial Designs;
e. Patents;f. Lay-out designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits; andg. Protection of Undisclosed Information .

As we all know today, intellectual creations are key to successful business sinceregistered intellectual properties effectively allow its owner or creator recognition andcontrol over the commercialization of the creation, be it a song, artwork, literature,
invention, design or business mark.
We were told that the IPOPHL is the lead agency responsible for handling theregistration and conflict resolution of intellectual property rights. It was created byvirtue of Republic Act No. 8293 or the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines,
14

which took effect on January 1,
1998 under the presidency of Fidel
V. Ramos.

The

IPOPHLknowledge-driven

is

also

a

governmentorganization that works towards
economic, technological, and socio-cultural development by communicating, enabling,and ensuring the effective use of the Intellectual Property System in all levels ofsociety for the creation, protection, utilization, and enforcement of intellectual
property.
The Philippine government recognizes that an effective intellectual and industrial
property system is vital to the development of domestic and creative activities,
facilitates transfer of technology, attracts foreign investments, and ensures market
access for our products. It shall protect and secure the exclusive rights of scientists,
inventors, artists and other gifted citizens to their intellectual property and creations,particularly when beneficial to the people, for such periods as provided in the Act.
We were also told about the IPOPHL‟s Strategic Goals as following:
SG1

Deliver quality and timely patents, trademarks, and other registrations

SG2

Provide speedy, quality, and effective legal remedies and be the forum of choice for IP

dispute resolution
SG3

Provide IP-related business development and technology transfer services

SG4

Institutionalize copyright support services

SG5

Increase the level of appreciation of, respect for, and utilization of IP

SG6

Lead the advocacy for legal and policy infrastructures to address emerging national andglobal demands of the IP system
SG7

Develop and maintain a highly-motivated, competent, and cohesive workforce committed

to serve with professionalism, transparency, and integrity
SG8

Provide a conducive work environment that supports professional growth and promotes

work-life balance
15

The second speaker, Marjorie S. De Luna, Patent Examiner of IPOPHL, showed us
some statistical data of the patent application number in recent years.

According to the data, we know that the patent application number from 2005 to2012 is around 3000, which surprises me in view of the fact that lots of companies
have transferred their factories from China to the Southeast Asia including
Philippines.
Also, we can tell from the data that only about 6.5% of the applications came fromlocal residents, which means that the patent system of Philippines mainly serves
foreign countries, especially developed countries, e.g. US, Japan, and Germany.
After the presentation, we had a tour in the office to have a better understanding in
the intellectual property situation in the Philippines.

(Note-taker: Guo Jia, Photo-taker: Wang Qi)

16

-4. The Philippine Stock ExchangeFebruary 18th , 1100-1200

The field trip to the Philippines stock exchange was held from 11am to 12pm on
18th of February, 2014.
Manila stock exchange was established in
1927 and then Makati stock exchange wasestablished by a rich Filipino businessman in
1963. In 1992, the former President Ramos
unified these 2 stock exchanges. Currently,
there is only one stock market in thePhilippines and it is the Philippines Stock
Exchange. But there are two trading floors. One is Makati, the PSE plaza and anotherone is in the PSE Centre in Ortigas.
In the old Makati and Manila stock exchanges, there were no computers. A big
blackboard was used and everything was done manualy. The brokers used to giveorders to the people in front of the blackboard who were called boardman and then theboardmen used to list the orders and write down the buying and selling orders on theblackboard.
Although there are 184 credited brokers, at present there are 135 active brokers in
the PSE and they use symbols to differentiate themselves from their competitors. The
17

brokers are not required to come here everyday and they could trade outside. There isa broker in each booth and there are three numbers in front of the each brokers which
are their codes.
And about the context of the electronicboard, there are 5 main columns on theelectronicboard.

The

First

columnrepresents the trading symbol which is theshortened name of the company. The
maximum of the trading symbol is 5
characters. The second column is bid price.
The third column is asking price which is sometimes called best offered price. Bid isthe buyer ‟s price and ask is the seller‟s price. The next column represents the last
traded price.

The last column is volume.

Green color price signifies that the price ofthe stock price is higher than the previous
day‟s closing price. If it is red, it is lower. If
it is white, there is no change or it is samewith previous day‟s price. Also there arearrows beside the price at the last column.
Upward arrow means that the transaction
price is higher than the immediately preceding transaction price. If it is a downward
arrow, it is lower. If it is a sideway arrow, there is no change.
If the company name is written in green, it means that the company is newly listed.
The PSE opens at 9 o‟clock and closes at 3:30pm every day except on holidays. Also
there is a big bell in front of the electronic board. So Every time the market is opened
or closed, the bell is ringed.

(Note-taker: OTOGONBAYAR SOYOLMAA, Photo-taker: Wang Qi)

18

-5. The Mitsubishi CorporationFebruary 18th , 1400-1600

We, YNU students and some UST students visited the Manila Branch of Mitsubishi
Corporation on February 18. It was located on 14th Floor of L.V. Locsin Building,
6752 Ayala Avenue corner Makati Avenue, Makati. Mr. Sakakura, the department
director, and his threecolleagues welcomed us and held three presentations for eachabout their activities.
Firstly, Ms. Katherine R. De Vera presented a business overview of Mitsubishi
Corporation‟s activities. She told us about the history and the mother company‟s andManila branch‟s activities. In 1964, the company sends one resident employee to
Manila and then Manila branch was
re-established in1967.They began theservice withnine rotating staffs and 35
national staffs at that time, but currently,
it has 11 Japanese staffs and about 40
Filipino staffs. In the 1970‟s, they made apartnership between Ayala Corporation,
the oldest and strongest financial company in the Philippines, and these partnership
eventually led to more collaborations on various industries such as water, energy and19real estate. For Ayala Corporation, they had an aim to improve their status in theinternational field for the sake of evasion from Marcos Administration‟s martial law.
Since then MC (Mitsubishi Corporation) has nurtured a number of partnerships
leading to the various investments, a representative example is the power sector fromcoal plants to geothermal facilities. Now they have five field activities in thePhilippines, namely: Machinery & Global Environmental Business, Chemicals,
Metals & IFLD, Living Essentials, and Corporate Activities. Machinery & Global
Environmental Business focuses on infrastructure such as water, ESCO, railway,
elevator and automobiles. Chemicals stand for plastic business. Metals & IFLD
includes ore mining business and real estate activities. Living Essentials includes
investment with other company such as Mini Stop. The Corporate Activities deal withadministrative and corporate social responsibility activities. Secondly, Mr. Ron gave apresentation about Manila Water as an
example of a successful Public-Private
Partnership (PPP) in Asia. Manila Water is
a company that was established by the
Ayala Corporation, with a 10% financial
support from MC. At present, the rate ofMC‟s investment to Manila Water isincreasing. Before 1997, the water supply availability was 3.1 million customers ineast zone of Metro Manila and non-revenue water held 63% because of illegal
connections, leaks, low water pressure and poor customer service. In 1997, through a
Public-Private Partnership, an arrangement wherein a private company will operate
public infrastructure which is usually the sole responsibility of government was
imported. Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) originallyprovided service for the whole Metro Manila. Eventually, water service for Metro
Manila was divided, the west zone under Maynilad and the east zo ne under Manila
Water. As MWSS was a public entity, there were many problems. Therefore Manila
Water imported private personal management system, expand service coverage,
improved service delivery, and increased operating efficiency. It resulted to the20following: water supply availability was increased at 6.2 million from 3.1million
customers and non-revenue water decreased by 11% from 63%. Manila Water did
focus not only waterworks, but also on wastewater treatment. The waterworks had
higher order of priority than wastewater, so the plan of making seepage management
and sewage treatment plants is on the way. Mr. Ron told that the experience cultivatedin the Philippines will be transmitted to other Asian countries such as Vietnam andIndonesia.
Lastly, Ms. Charlotte presented about the Manila Branch‟s CSR activities. The
latest research shows that the population of the Philippines is over 96.5 million andthe average age is 23. Moreover, the country sets English as one of an official
languages. The Manila branch of MC strengthens education and development of the
youth to produce the best human asset as CSR activities. MC has scholarshipprograms and other movements to encourage youth to develop their talents. They also
act after disasters through calamity funds, donations and volunteering.
The presentations were held in English, but Mr.Sakakura explained in Japanese theimportant points so that all students could understand the presentations which led thequestion and answer period to prolong the time.

(Note-taker: Hashimoto Mahiro, Photo-taker: Wang Qi)

21

-6. Interview with the travel agency HISFebruary 18th , 1000-1300

We interviewed a representative of a Japanese travel agency in Manila. Theinterview was aimed to understand the local people‟s business content and their value
for work.
Interviewees were a Japanese leader and two local female employees (hereinafterreferred to A and B). Person A works in the company for more than two years.
Meanwhile, Person B works in the company for 3 months and is undergoing training
as a newcomer. The common job for the two employees is ti book the flight schedules.
Person A takes charge of shop management and Person B handles airport to hoteltransfers for tourists.
In regard to working environment, Leader said that his attitude about activity inforeign countries is “visitor to the utmost”. It means that foreigner cannot match local
people because a Japanese person is stranger to a new country, and mother tongue andculture are different. Therefore, “our company functions by local employee”, he said.
In regard to the reason for local person‟s application, Person A had stayed in Japan fora year and knew this firm. The firm expanded its operations to Manila, and because ofthis, Person A decided to send an application. Moreover, Person B studied tourism
industry at a local university. Her desire to go to various countries is her primaryreason why she chose tourism industry. In addition, I especially want to go Japan, shesaid. I think they can work with high motivation, because they like traveling andJapan.
Then we talked about the job. In booking flight schedules, they have to handle twobooking systems of airline companies. Therefore, they must undergo training as
newcomers. In the case of studying and majoring Tourism in the Philippines, students
generally conduct internship as part of the curriculum. Person B gained experiencethrough on the job-training, too. For that reason, she was able to learn her job fast,leader said.
22Persons A and B said that they are satisfied with their current job and they want towork for a long time. This company requires experience and skills such as Japanese
speaker and internship. I think they appropriately formed the skills, because they do
not have complaints about work.
Although there are many papers about exploitation by multinational corporations, I
did not feel such aspect in this interview. Personally, I was glad to meet them who liketo travel, have value work and love Japan.

Reporter: Matsunaga Sinnosuke

23

-7.The Department of Foreign AffairFebruary 19th , 0900-1100

The Yokohama National University delegation paid a visit to the DFA on 19th ofFebruary. Our group is welcomed by our contact person Mr. Von Ferrera, who alsokindly coordinated his supervisor and arranged our seminar. Our seminar was held at
the main conference room at FSI building, companied by Mr. Von Ferrera and his
supervisor Ambassador Joaquin, 2 faculty members and students from UST.
Our seminar, titled “National Security Challenges of the Philippines”, started at
9:30am and was conducted by Mr. Julio S. Amador III, Foreign Affairs ResearchSpecialist of the Center for International
Relations and Strategic Studies of the FSI.
The

presentation

backgroundlandscapeconsistedknowledgeofofPhilippines‟

of

the

FSI,

the

internationalsituation and the overview of national
security from both domestic and outside views.
First, Mr. Amador III introduced the function of FSI. FSI trains new officers of the
DFA while it also serves as a research institute for the DFA. About 20 analysts work at
the Center for International Relations and Strategic Studies. FSI also works as a24

consulting agency for the DFA.
Then Mr. Amador explained the Security Challenges the Philippines faces fromglobal, regional and domestic levels. First, he elaborated the geopoliticalenvironments of the Philippines. Although the Philippines-US alliance wasterminated , their ties are still a strong one. Japan also has strong economic ties with
the Philippines and the Philippines is expecting more cooperation on security issues.
The relation with China is a decisive one because China has an increasing weight oninternational society, but also has issues with Philippines, particularly on theprotection of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs). The Philippines tries to maintain thebalanced relation with South Korea, Russia, India and other ASEAN countries.
As for the domestic front, Mr. Amador mainly focused on the separatists‟
movement in Mindanao, corruption, and the gap between the rich and poor. Privatearmies and “freedom fighters” also exist in the remote provinces. The negotiation
between the government and Muslim activists has made progress.
Mr. Amador also pointed out thechallenges of global warming and climatechange with disasters like Typhoon Haiyan
which brought great damage to the local
residents as well as the whole Philippines‟
economy, and the rising sea level may
threat the remote islands.
After the presentation, Mr. Amador answered some questions.
Q: We can see that protecting the OFWs has a great weight on the Philippines‟
policy- making.Could you elaborate the balance of China and Taiwan, and the
response to Hong Kong?
A: Mr. Amador holds a viewpoint that the current sanction conducted by Hong Kong
government does not have a great impact because it simply limits diplomatic passport
holders. Filipinos working there bring more money back than spent there. He
mentioned that Taiwan is the key area to Philippines because lots of Filipinos work
there though Philippines follows the “One China Policy”.
25

Q: Could you elaborate the measures to enhance the relationship between thePhilippines and Japan?
A: Mr. Amador mentioned the Philippine-Japan EPA, the mutual economical
investment, and the cooperation on defense security issues. High- level officials havealso paid visit to each other. The Japanese culture and the Philippines‟ habitableenvironment also took part in enhancing the relationship.
Q: What do you think of the South China Sea issue, and what is your opinion on PM
Abe‟s Value Oriented Diplomacy?
A: Mr. Amador answered that thePhilippine government welcomes the helpofJapan.

The

relationshipbetweenPhilippine-Japan is not comparable as tothe alliance such as Japan and US has, butthey wish to enhance the partnership based on democracy, rule of law, especially bothcountries are facing the similar threat.
Thanks to Mr. Amador for his presentation, we gained a better knowledge on
Philippines‟ National Security. The seminar provided a valuable opportunity forstudents from different countries and backgrounds to get rid of their stereotypes andpreconceptions for a while and to hear the real thoughts from a Filipino scholars.
Moreover, from the seminar, we students acknowledged the difficulty as well as theimportance of keeping an opened mind to the counterpart‟s viewpoint and neither
debating nor shouting could solve the controversial issue. Only by expressing theirconcerns frankly and coequally could lead to mutual understanding, and approach tothe solution.
Last but not least, we must pay tribute to the person who made this seminarsuccessful. Ambassador Joaquin kindly approved our request; Mr. Amador
contributed his valuable time to give us the wonderful presentation. Finally, we must
offer special thanks to Mr. Von Ferrera, who gave a great support on our visit to DFA.

(Note-taker:Wang Qi, Photo-taker: Motoyoshi Yuki )26

-8.Interview with Professor Harry L. Roque Jr.February 19th , 1400-1600

In the afternoon, February 19 th , Professor Harry L. Roque Jr kindly accepted theinterview our YNU team and gave a lecture
named “How does international law work tomaintain the peace in Asia”.
In the lecture, he showed his analysis based
the diplomatic policy of Philippine.
The tension has been rising in the West
Philippine Sea (South China Sea) and the Philippines tries to settle the disputes
through the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). After the details aboutit, he stressed that in Asia, the political and economic powers are still most importantfactors and for the Philippines, it is difficult to cope with such issues alone. That‟s
why it is needed to create the framework to stabilize the current situation.
Based on his realistic stance, he does not support the idea that Philippine and China
should separate the political issues and economic issues. Actually, China stopped
importing some products from Philippine at the time. He concluded that it isimportant to create an environment to fulfill the compliance in Asia region.
(Note-taker: Motoyoshi Yuki, Photo-taker: Wang Qi)
27

-9.University of Philippines VisitFebruary 19th , 1000-1600

On February 19th , Japanese undergraduate students majored in education andhuman science visited University of the Philippines and gave a presentation under thetheme “Americanization - from the view of Japan and the Philippines”. The
presentation was divided it into four topics: history, lifestyle, energy, and media.
1. History
They explain the history of Americanization in the Philippines and in Japan.In thePhilippines, Spanish-American War occurred in 1898 and merger in the Philippines by
the US. This is the beginning of Americanization.Spread of Americanization for
example, McDonald‟s, Coca-Cola, American brand and American pop culture and soon.
In Japan, Americanization started afterWorld War II. In 1945, the US dropped
atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
and the war ended. Japan was governed byGeneralHeadquarter(GHQ).

GHQ

implemented non- militarization, democratization, agricultural reform, and educational
reform. In 1951, GHQ withdrew from Japan however, Japan has been the subject togreat influence of the US.
28

2. Life style
The US hasa big influence on lifestyles too, for example fashion, electronicequipment, such as Apple or Microsoft, as well as education. In the Philippines,
higher English education has been accomplished. In the Philippines, the average scoreof TOEFL was 88, leading that of Japan, which was 70.
3. Energy
Before the 1960s,the main energy policy
was hydroelectric power generation. In the
1960s, thermal power generation became themain energy policy. In 1973 when the oil crisis
happened, the technology of nuclear power
became more important. After 2011.3.11, there are no working nuclear power plants.
In the Philippines main energy policy is thermal power generation (use coal andpetroleum), LNG, geothermal power generation and hydroelectric power generation.
In 1976, the construction of Bataan nuclear power plant was started but in 1986, theAquino Administration decided not to start the operation.
There were three main points on Philippines‟ and Japan‟s energy policy. First, both
Japan and the Philippines introduced nuclear power plants in the 1970s. Second, theratio of nuclear power in the total power generation is 30% in Japan (before March 11
Earthquake and Tsunami) and 0% in the Philippines. Finally, currently no nuclear
power plants are in operation in both Japan and the Philippines.
4. Media
In Japan, the user of Twitter andFacebook increase dramatically. And US
also affects the world through movie,
music, Disney and so forth.
After the presentation, we discussed
under the topic “What are the merits anddemerits about Americanization?” We29

were divided into three groups and YNU students and UP students were mixed anddiscussed.
My group discussed about the influence on education of the Americanization
mainly.
In the Philippines, since mathematics and scientific classes are accomplished in
English, so the lack of English skill might lead to a problem of low understanding insuch subjects. So, UP students said that it was important that making much of
education by the mother tongue (Tagalog) more. But most Japanese students in mygroup think that the English education should be begun as much early as possible.
When Japanese discuss something with people of each country, many Japanese cannot
give an opinion because they cannot use English well.The language influences the lifeof the person directly. People think that American product is good thing and buy it on
their first look. The Filipino wants to have white skin like the American have, so thesupermarket is lined with whitening products.

(Note-taker: Okuhara Yuka, Photo-taker:Akahane Toshiya)

30

-10.UST &YNU joint sessionFebruary 19th , 1800-2030

YNU and UST conducted a joint study session on 19 February 2014 at the Thomas
Aquinas Research Complex of the UST campus. Dr. Marilu R. Madrunio, Dean of the
UST Graduate School, delivered the opening remarks. In her speech, Dr. Madrunio
pointed out the concept of a “Borderless World”, citing the strong partnership of Japanand the Philippines as well as UST and YNU. After the welcome remarks, Prof. Hiromi
Kabashima introduced the members of the YNU delegations.
There were two lecture presentations during the study session. The first one was on“Foreign Aid and Governance”, presented by Dr. Takaaki Kobayashi of YNU. His lecture
discussed the changing landscape of development cooperation and introduced the conceptof emerging economies. From the traditional ODA partners and organizations, newdevelopment partners emerged, mostly
non-DACmembers,

non-government
countries

under

privateandorganizations

and

the

South-South

cooperation.
The second presentation was on “Going
Backward: Understand Reverse Logistics – The Philippine Setting” by Dr. Enrico Torresof the UST Graduate School. In his presentation, he mentioned that reverse logistics
promote value recovery, remarketing and recycling of goods. He also pointed out that31

reverse logistics maximizes the resources “product life”. An open forum was conducted
after the two presentations. The certificates were also awarded to the YNU delegations
before the joint study session was concluded. The universities, YNU and UST, conducteda joint study session on 19 February 2014 at the Thomas Aquinas Research Complex of
the UST campus. Dr. Marilu R. Madrunio, Dean of the UST Graduate School, delivered
the opening remarks. In her speech, Dr. Madrunio pointed out the concept of a
“Borderless World”, citing the strong partnership of Japan and the Philippines as well as
UST and YNU. After the welcome remarks, Prof. Hiromi Kabashima introduced themembers of the YNU delegation.
There were two lecture presentations during the study session. The first one was on“Foreign Aid and Governance, presented by Dr. Takaaki Kobayashi of YNU. His lecture
discussed the changing landscape of development cooperation and introduced the conceptof emerging economies. From the traditional ODA partners and organizations, newdevelopment partners emerged, mostly non-DAC members, private and non-governmentorganizations and countries under the South-South cooperation. The second presentation
was on “Going Backward: Understand Reverse Logistics – The Philippine Setting” by Dr.
Enrico Torres of the UST Graduate School. In his presentation, he mentioned that reverse
logistics promote value recovery, remarketing and recycling of goods. He also pointed outthat reverse logistics maximizes the resources “product life”. An open forum wasconducted after the two presentations. The certificates were also awarded to the YNU
delegation before the joint study session was concluded.

32

-11. Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice)February 20th , 1130-1230

On
PhilRice

February

20th ,(Philippine

we

Rice

visitedResearch

Institute) with students of the Universityof Santo Tomas. On our way to PhilRice,
we saw fewer buildings and more rice
fields and forests. Then one of thestudents of UST talked to me, saying, “Look at those mango trees.” I saw mango trees
with fruits for the first time. He informed me that they can harvest mango fruits twicea year. “I‟ve never had such a delicious mango so I envy you,” I said. We had a little
time for discussion about the activities of PhilRice and agriculture in the Philippines
because we were late behind the schedule. I was looking forward to learning here so I
wish we could have more time. Before we went there, I asked them seven questions
which were connected with agriculture and Japan because I had been very interested
in agriculture. Those seven questions
are:
1. What kind of rice is mainly grown in
the Philippines?
2. While the demand for tastier rice is
now increasing in Japan, can you
find the same trend in the public?
3. How has the PhilRice launched research and development on the disaster resistantrice and the rice to increase crop yields?
4. I also want to know the general stance for the GM products in the Philippines.
5. Nowadays, it is serious that young people working as farmers are decreasing inJapan, can you say the Philippines have the same problem? Do you have any
public policy to give people incentive to work as farmers?
33

6. Japan is now involved in the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiation. The Japanese
agricultural structure will be reformed sooner or later by the TPP. After the TPP
negotiation is completed, do you
think the relationship between thePhilippines and Japan will bechanged on the agricultural trade?
7. What kind of processed food madeof rice in the Philippines? We
sometimes

have

rice

cake

(MOCHI), rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves, and breads made of rice
powder, for example. Rice left over may be given pigs as feed.
At PhilRice, we had a summary presentation; most of Filipinos love rice and they eat
rice every meal, they have many kinds of products made from rice and so on. Next,
Mr. Ruben B. Miranda, Chief SRS / Head, Technology Management Services, told us
the answers to questions.5 and 6 above. About question No.5, the Philippines may nothave the same problem for young farmers since agriculture is still the backbone of theeconomy. He said “Evidently, we are still far from full mechanization because we still
have plenty of agricultural labor, although the number young students enroll inagricultural courses are decreasing. In fact, PhilRice has a continuing program on„Young Farmers Exchange Program with Japan‟ every year. Majority of the farming
family in the Philippines inherits farming as a valuable business. Retirees are also
more often venture back in agri-business.
Out of school youths are also engaged infarming. For now, we have plenty ofyoung farmers that will succeed our
aging farmers”. As for question No.6, in2015 trade liberalization among theSoutheast

Asian countries

will beimplemented. This means that there will be an open trade of goods and services
creating a very stiff competition. In his analysis, the Philippines and Japan will have34

stronger ties on agricultural trade as Japan continuously supports the Philippines intrade. However, with the trade liberalization, other commodities from neighboring
countries may penetrate Japan offering cheaper goods and services. When thishappens, agricultural trade will likely change the volume of goods coming from thePhilippines as a result of open trade that may affect the trading relationship of the twocountries. We could also see the research institutes and rice fields which areexperimented by various situations.

(Note-taker: Kusama Yukiko, Photo-taker:Akahane Toshiya)35

-12. Pantabangan DamFebruary 20th , 1530-1630

We visited Pantabangan Dam on February 20 th at 3pm. It took us two hours to getthere from the PhilRice Office. We entered the main entrance where was guarded
quite strictly. The views from both sides of the dam were very beautiful. This dam
was so big that it took us 20 minutes to go from the main entrance to the office. Alongthe way to the office, there were a few of houses of the locals here. Those houses were
small and made from wood and vinyl. It seems that it is convenient to live here
because there is no supermarket to buy necessities.
The office is quite small and was decorated simply. In the media hall, there were a
lot of photos of Pantabangan Dam taken from 1971 when it was firstly constructeduntil now. We took some pictures with the managers here and then received a DVD
about this dam as a study documentary.

(Note-taker: DAO THI THANH HUYEN, Photo-taker:Nozaki Taira)36

-13. Subic New Container Port TerminalFebruary 21th , 0930-1300

In the morning of 21st February, we went to Subic Bay Freeport Zone. First, anofficial of the Subic Bay Freeport Zone gave a presentation. The Freeport Zone wasoriginally a US naval base from 1909 to 1992. Eventually, it was returned to thePhilippines after the Senate rejected the treaty that would extend the lease of Subic
Bay as a naval base and the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. The Subic Bay Metropolitan
Authority (SBMA) was organized during the Aquino Administration on March 13,
1992. SBMA is the operating and implementing arm of the government of thePhilippines in developing the Subic Bay Freeport into a self-sustainable industrial,commercial, financial, investment and academe center. It aims to generate
employment opportunities in and around the Freeport Zone, and to attract andpromote foreign productive investment. The Chairman and Administrator, Roberto V.
Garcia, said that SBMA was authorized to govern the Zone as if it were a local
government. A choice investment site of over 1,500 local and foreign investors, theFreeport Zone has a cumulative committed investment of more than US$8.4 million
and workforce of more than 90,000 in 2012. Furthermore, there are existing national
plans to develop the corridor of Subic Seaport-Clark airport into a globallycompetitive logistics hub for the efficient movement of people, goods, services, and37

date in partnership with the private sector.
After the presentation, we had a tour of the Freeport Zone‟s facilities. There were a
lot of foreign companies, special equipment and facilities and infrastructure that can
support a wide range of businesses. I thought that the facilities in the Zone are newer
than those located out of the Freeport zone.

(Note-taker: Nozaki Taira, Photo-taker: Okuhara Yuka)-14. Sea Turtle Conservation CenterFebruary 20th , 1200-1245

During the noon, we visited the Sea Turtle Conservation Center in Morong Pawikan,
Sea turtle are in endangered situation all over the world and the conservation programis implemented in this center by locals who work as volunteers. After the lecture
about the current situation and attempt by this center, we experienced the releasing of
turtles into the sea.

(Note-taker: Motoyoshi Yuki, Photo-taker: Wang Qi)

38

-15. Bataan Nuclear Power PlantFebruary 20th , 1530-1630

On February 21st , we visited the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant. We became
interested with the nuclear power plant because a day before the trip, an accident
occurred in the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant.
First, we learned about nuclear power generation. There are a lot of ways togenerate electricity, such as wind power, hydroelectric power, and thermal power.
Nuclear power generation is the most efficient way of generating e lectricity since a lotof electricity can be generated by using just a little uranium. This power generation
process also emits a small amount of carbon dioxide. Many important government
officials supported it.
Second, we heard about the history of
the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant. In 1984,
the nuclear power plant was completed
during the Marcos Administration. It cost
US$2.3 billion to build the nuclear power
plant. In 1986, the Aquino Administration
came into office, and President Aquinoconcluded that the nuclear power plant was not safe because there was an active fault
39under the nuclear power plant and an active volcano near to it. So she did not give
permission to start the operation of the nuclear power plant. Finally, nuclear fuel was
not carried into the nuclear power plant.
After the presentation, we had a
guided tour of the facilities inside
the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant.
This nuclear power plant was safe to
go into because nuclear fuel has
never been carried into and it wasvery hot inside the plant. The
machines in this plant were old andlooked similar to that of Japanese nuclear power plants. We could understand themechanism of nuclear power generation well by observing at the actual facilities.
After our nuclear power plant tour, we paid a visit to Provincial Government of
Bataan. The speech from the Government of Bataan was delivered by Vice Governor
Efren Pascual. Furthermore, we watched the video about the culture and feature of
Bataan.

(Note-taker: Nozaki Taira, Photo-taker: Okuhara Yuka)

40

-16.City Tour and IntramurosFebruary 22th , 1500-1800

February 23 rd, after went to hiking at Bataan,we returned to Manila and enjoyed thecity tour here. The first place was San Agustin Church – the oldest Roman Catholic
church in the Philippines. It is known as the Church of Saint Paul, the first church ofAugustinian Order built in 1574 and it was declared as a UNESCO World Heritage in
1994. When we arrived at this church, there had been a wedding ceremony there but
unfortunately we were not allowed to get inside the church. The huge door was madeby wood and was carved subtly.
Then we left for another place called Manila Metropolitan Cathedral, which is
officially named Basilica of the Immaculate Conception. Because of being damagedby typhoons and earthquakes, it wasreconstructed eight times and thepresent cathedral was completed in
1958. We could not get inside thiscathedral

because

it

was

being

renovated. Next to the cathedral is the
Palacio del Gobernador,

the stateresidence of the Governor of the41

Philippines during the Spanish period.
In the opposite side of Manila Metropolitan Cathedral, there is a statue called Plazade Roma or formally called Plaza Mayor. This is a bronze monument of Carlos IV for
the introduction of smallpox vaccine. There were some European tourists around there.
We took a lot of pictures and bought some souvenirs there from some street sellers.
After that, we went to Postigo del Palacio, which is famous for being the gate that a
National Hero Jose Rizal passed through from Fort Santiago to his execution at
Bagumbayan. There were footprints of Jose Rizal leading from Fort Santiago to
Bagumbayan. The spaces between each footprint were small because it is said that
Jose Rizal went to his execution with chains on his feet.
Our tour guide told us the story about
Jose Rizal, the National Hero of thePhilippines, about his marriage rightbefore the execution and the way how he
was killed. We also visited the execution
square. There were a lot of bronze
statues which depicted the moment ofJose Rizal‟s execution. The Spanish forced the Filipino soldiers to kill their national
hero. There was only one ball at all and the Filipino soldiers could not know that if
there was ball in their guns or not. This is a really cruel way of killing.
On the bus of city tour, we passed through many places and offices such as
Philippine National Bank, the Embassy of America, National Library, Luneta Park,and Manila Hotel. We also took a walk around the Luneta Park, saw the Big Flag
Tower of Manila. On the way back to hotel, the tour guide told us a lot about the
Jeepney and the social ranking in Philippines. Our bus went along the coast so we
could also view the beautiful sunset of Manila.

(Note-taker: DAO THI THANH HUYEN, Photo-taker: Wang Qi)

42

-17.Asian Development BankFebruary 24th , 0900-1200

On the morning of February 24, we visited the Asian Development Bank in Ortigas
Center, Pasig City. First, a brief presentation on the functions and initiatives of ADB
made by Mr. Alfredo Garcia, IVP National
Consultant.

This wasfollowedby apresentation by Dr.Satoru Araki on the roleof taxation in international development
named“International

Tax

PolicyandAdministration”. Mr. Jude Anthony alsopresented a lecture named “Briefing on
ADB‟s Energy Strategy and Policy” elaborated about some of ADB's initiatives on
infrastructure, particularly on the energy sector.

(Note-taker: MERIEL HAILEY, Photo-taker: Akahane Toshiya)43

-18.NEDAFebruary 24th , 1430-1550

In the afternoon of February 24, 2014, the YNU delegation visited the Regiona l
Development Staff (RDS) of the National Economic and Development Authority. A
video on the brief history and mandates of NEDA was shown to the delegates,
followed by the presentation on the functions of RDS as a department. Ms. Kristine M.
Villarino of the Land Use and Physical Planning Division explained and discussed thefunctions and current initiatives of the RDS, which includes mainstreaming of DRR in
local development planning, the updating of National Physical Framework Plan, as
well as the updating of the Philippine Development Plan and its corresponding
regional plans. The planning framework in the different levels of government was also
explained and its relationship to implementation, budgeting and monitoring activities.
Dir. Remedios S. Endencia, head of the RDS, answered some inquiries about thePhilippine Development Plan, the relationship of the department with local
governments in terms of city/urban planning and the existence of a National Land
Plan for the country.

(Note-taker: MERIEL HAILEY, Photo-taker: Akahane Toshiya)

44

VI:

Individual reports-Motoyoshi Yuki-

I want to express my gratitude to join this amazing programme and thank for all who
are involved in it. Actually, for most of us including me, this was the first time to visit
Philippines and I was really looking forward
to visiting there. I had learned about thePhilippines

from

the

viewpointofinternational law and politics when I waschosen as a member of this programme.
However, there was no denying that they
were one-sided and superficial. In this report, I want to focus on two places whichgave me deep knowledge and motivation for my own work.
First, in FSI we got a beneficial lecture from the specialist of diplomacy and it
showed how to manage the current situation in Asia. It is said that the circumstances
between Philippine and China resemble ones between Japan and China. From thispoint of view, the close inspection of the diplomatic policy by the Philippine
government will give important suggestion for Japan.
Second, we visited Payatas and saw the slum there. I knew that such an extreme
poverty is in the world but this was a first time toexperience. Through the visit, I was greatly shocked at
the worse situation than I had imagined and I could not
help feeling the contradiction between the splendid
buildings in the city centre and that slum.
On this trip, I could find many things that I had neverhad. Not only for my research but also for my life,
these discoveries will be useful. I want to seek ananswer for the questions that were posed by this visit
45

and spend my lifetime to make current systems function well and make people whoare in hard status much happier.
Finally, I would like to take this occasion to thank UST professors and students who
gave us warm stay and support. Thank you very much.

-Matsunaga Sinnosuke-

I mainly research on tourism.
I could deeply understand tourism in thePhilippines because everyone courteously
provided

explanations.

I

knew

the

difference between academic papers andthe existing condition. In addition, I felt
the Philippine hospitality during thistraining. Although I have poor ability, utilizing this experience for my graduation
thesis, I want to contribute to the developments of Philippines and tourism.

46

-Wang Qi-

After the 4-hour flight, our plane landed at the Narita
international airport. Finally my life has switched from
“Manila Mode” back to the “Tokyo Mode”. When I got
back to school, I tried to hug a friend I haven‟t seen for along time, he looked frightened and rejected it. Thatparticular moment, I really missed the “Manila Mode”.
Sometimes I got the question “How was your trip to
Philippines?” I couldn‟t answer until now: It was a trip
both tiresome and exciting; both moving and confusing, it was a trip which provided
an opportunity to discover both the Philippines and myself.
In order to enrich our field work, the schedule we planned was extremely tight. The
next morning after we landed at Manila, some of our members had to get up really
early to visit Payatas, which turned out to be a valuable experience to witness thegreat gap between the rich and poor in the Philippines. We nearly spent 12 hours on
moving to Subic, but on the other side, only because of this long distance journey, wewere able to visit the PhilRice, the Pantabangan Dam, and the Yokohama Tires. The
process may be tough, but the outcome was worth every effort.
During our entire trip, professors and students from UST gave us a great deal of
support and we were deeply touched by their kindness and hospitality. During our stay,
we are lucky enough to experience the kind-hearted character of Filipinos, like thestaff at Yokohama Tire who waited our delegation late in the night. At the same time, I
somehow get confused at Philippines‟ politics. During our visit to DFA, our presenter
Mr. Amador said it is OK that the relation with Hong Kong keeps freezing because thenumber of Filipinos living there is limited, but there are at least 200 thousand
Filipinos working there. It took 10 years to decide the location of the Bataan Nuclear
Power Plant and it was finally built at a volcanic place. My Chinese nationality may
give me a weak position to say this, but I think it may be concluded to the lack of ruleof law which gives the leaders a greater power on decision- making.
47

This is my very first chance to visit Philippines orother Southeast Asian countries. Their recent rapid
development rate has drawn the whole world‟s attention.
This field-work trip gave me a great opportunity to
discover the real face of the Philippines: behind theshinny achievement of economic growth, problems likeinequality and pollution still exist in the shadow. More
importantly, I also had a chance to discover myself. I
really wished I attended this field-work more early.
Finally, I would like to pay my sincerest tribute to people who made this trip
successful: Prof. Kabashima, who lead the whole team with extreme patience andexperience; Prof. Tiu and friends from UST, who spent their valuable time toaccompany us; Ms. Hailey, our indispensable shadow leader; and of course Mr.
Motoyoshi, who made our trip smooth with the well-planned organization.

-Guo Jia-

In 2012, the period just before I came to Japan,
my family and friends kept asking me if I would
be safe in Japan in consideration of therelationship between China and Japan that time.
And I kept answering that I will be fine because
I had learned Japanese for 8 years and had someJapanese friends so I knew about the Japanese culture. This time, however, is different.
I didn‟t know anything except their bananas and mangos before I went to Philippines.
Actually I was a little worried about my trip to the Philippines considering the factthat the relationship between China and Philippines didn‟t get well like therelationship between China and Japan, especially when I heard the news saying thatthe Hong Kong government stopped the short-period-business-visa- free service for48

Filipinos and some Chinese were arrested in Manila for illegal residence a month ago
before I went to Philippines.
But things turned out to prove that my worries were unnecessary. No matter where
we went, the Filipinos greeted us warmly with a big smile on their face regardless of
your nationality.
The Philippines is a tropical country
which is very different from countries like
Japan. The temperature in Philippines isaround 27 ℃ while that of Japan is justaround 5℃ and we were told by a local
friend that in the Philippines they didn‟thave winter or autumn, which truly surprised me. Rice is a main food in Philippines
like Japan. The only thing they have in the Philippines is pasta and burger. The
Filipinos also love fried chicken but they like barbeque more. The Filipinos love fish
like Japanese do, though fish in Philippines lives in the river and fish in Japan lives inthe sea. My favorite food in Philippines is definitely mango. The mangos in
Philippines are so fresh and they have two kinds of mangos in Philippines. One is the
traditional mango that tastes sweet and can be bought in supermarket in Japan, theother one is green mango which tastes both sweet and a little sour. I like them both.
The scenery of Philippines was very beautiful. They have tropical plant like palm
trees and mango trees which I have never seen before. You can also see some Spanish
style constructions while walking along the streets, which make you feel like being inEurope. The hotel where I lived located in a relatively developed area near the CBDof Metro Manila. While I went out and walked along the street, it feels like I was in amodern city of a developed country. But I heard that lots of Filipinos were still
suffering from hunger, which means that the gap between rich and poor was huge in
Philippines.
Although it was a short visit of just ten days, the country of Philippines impressedme in various aspects. I really wish that I could have another chance to visit
Philippines again!
49

-Okuhara YukaThrough a seminar I learned about international collaboration and read some article
about education and the poverty of developing countries. Through this trip I was able
to observe the present conditions of thedeveloping country which I could never see inJapan. I knew that looking reality was totallydifferent from reading an article. It is certainthat this trip is the very good experience.
It became the very good stimulation that I
was able to go with graduate students, foreign students and different student of mydepartment. I learned a lot of things from them.
There was presentation in English in many scenes, I had a hard time inunderstanding it, but I want learn English more and discuss many people by it.
I want to thank the people whom I met in the Philippines. I want to make use of thisexperience for my learning in the future.

-Kosaka Yuri-

フィリピン研修に参加して、様々な新しい知識を得、貴重な体験ができた。サントトマス大学の学生と交流することで、フィリピンの文化やタガログ語を学ぶことができたし、様々なプレゼンテーションを英語で聴講することによって、英語力も向上する
ことができたと思う。私が、特に感銘を受けたところは、パヤタス、JICA フィリピン事
務所、アジア開発銀行に尋ねることができたことである。途上国経済や開発経済にもともと興味があった私にとって、パヤタスで実際に貧富の差を感じ、上記 2 つの場所でどのような支援、政策を行っているのかというプレゼンテーションを聴講できたことはすごく良
い体験となった。フィリピンで出会った人々とのつながりや学んだことを大切にし、次へと活かしたい。
50

-Kusama Yukiko-

Without many people‟s solid support, mystudy trip would not have gone well. I‟mgrateful to you all. From the beginning I
wondered whether I could arrive at Narita
airport, because we had too much snow inthe central area of Japan. I took theextremely crowded Shinkansen which had
three times more passengers than usual to
Ueno station and I had a longer travel time.
At last I managed to arrive at Narita airport
only about an hour late! I felt it was a miracle to be able to get to my flight intime. Therefore, I thought I had to make the most out of my field study trip to thePhilippines.
When I went to HIS, I was taught that “Our warm smiles make everyone happy.
Don‟t be afraid to fail and keep challenging everything.” In fact, most of thestudents in the Philippines talked to me with a smile and it made me cheerful. In
Japan we treat people in an unfriendly manner. I think I would like to salute
everyone benignly.
I have a passionate concern for agriculture so I was looking forward to visiting
PhilRice. I could learn the agricultural situations of the Philippines especially riceand the relationship between the Philippines and Japan.

51

This trip was held by the Department ofInternational Politics. Though I belong intheDepartmentofScienceandEngineering, I took part in it. I think it isa meaningful way to study a wide rangeof courses regardless of department
whichever we belong in. It is helpful for us to take wide views. I think tha t we
can say the same thing regardless of nationality. We should cooperate with eachother from global level to local level. I would like to do my best to improve oursociety for the future.
Finally, I would like to appreciate this valuable tour program and I‟d like toexpress my sincerest thanks. Mr. Tiu, thank you for helping me to ask somequestions in PhilRice. Ms. Kabashima, thank you for giving me valuable
opportunities. Ms. Suto, thank you for supporting us. Mr. Motoyoshi, thank you
for bringing us together and supporting me in PhilRice. Ms. Hailey, thank you forteaching me a lot of things about the Philippines and taking care of me. And
thank you very much to everyone, I would like to treasure our relationships.

-Nozaki Taira-I decided to go to the Philippines because I have not been to developing countries
and I wanted to see the current
situation of these countries. Also,I‟m interested in the activities ofJapanese companies in foreigncountries. So it was very good for
me

to

visit

some

Japanesecompanies. There were a lot of
impressive events in the Philippines.
52

First, we had a Payatas tour. I had studied Smokey Valley in Payatas in advance, but
I faced more severe realities of people who live in Payatas than I had imagined. I saw
their houses which looked very fragile. I heard that it cost Php10,000 to build one of
the houses. I was surprised to hear that. There were some stores, however, many flies
swarmed over the fish and meat in the stores. I thought that living conditions wereunsanitary. After going around, we had a discussion on Payatas. I learned theadvantages and disadvantages of Smokey Valley. People search garbage in the area
and can receive a regular income. On the other hand, some people suffer from skindisease. Also, I heard that a lot of people could not help coming closer to Smokey
Valley because of poverty. I thought that the government should reflect their opinions
in the national administration more and they should unite to have a great influence on
government.
Second, I had difficulty in speaking, reading and listening to English. Everywhere
we went to, we had an English presentation. This was an opportunity so I could
practice English listening. On February 19, we went to the University of thePhilippines (UP) and the University of Santo Tomas (UST), and interacted with thestudents. In UP, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of Americanization.
In the discussion, I could express my view on the subject in English. It was a very
valuable experience for me. In the UST, we had two classes. In the classes, I talked
about various topics with the students in English and made friends with them. I wasvery glad to get along with people in the Philippines for the first time. I am confident
that I improved my English in this trip. I will study English much harder from nowon.
In the Philippines, I have learned many important things and had many experiences.
I‟ll never forget them. Also, I visited many places, and met many people. The people I
met were very kind. I appreciate their kindness deeply.

53

-Hashimoto Mahiro- (In Japanese)

フィリピン研修に参加したいと思った理由は大学主催の学習目的でかつ団体行動の海外研修だったからだった。単なる学生の海外旅行では見て回ることのできない企業や場所を訪問し、得られない経験を重ねる事が出来た。学部１年の間に参加できて本当に良かったと思う。専門的な知識獲得や英語学習への強い動機づけとなる良い機会だったと振り返る。
ひとえにフィリピンは強烈だった。雪の残る日
本の空気を運ぶ飛行機から降り立った時の熱気、空港の両替所で初めてぼろぼろのペソを手にした
時、ぎゅう詰めのミニバンタクシーでホテルへ向
かう夜道に日本では考えられない運転の粗さや交通マナーを見た時に、フィリピンにやってきたんだという感慨がわいた。言葉でマニラの交通渋滞は深刻だと知ってはいたが、実際に過密なスケジ
ュールを車移動の最中に渋滞に巻き込まれ、たく
ましく路側帯で鶏を飼い、バイクがぎりぎり通る
中央線を物売りが行きかうさまを見るのとでは迫力が違った。スラム街パヤタスで隣家の煮炊きの煙を浴びながらインタビューしたその日に、高級ビジネス街でプレゼンを受けると重みが圧し掛かってきた。マクドナルドより店舗の多いジョリビーというファストフード店や、350ml 缶ビールが１本約５０円という物
価、同じ米食文化なのに肉や果実の量がとても多いなど、食生活でも驚きの連続だった。
大学院生が中心に訪問する企業や官庁、施設のアポを取って聞いた内容を研究に活かすというのが主旨であるが、学部生の身では浅学ゆえ予備知識も不足していて、ついて行って訳知り顔で話を聞くことがほとんどだった。英語で行われるプレゼンテーションは、しかし全部が全部わからないわけではなかったので私は 1 度英語で質問をした。こうして書くのは、全く誇ることではなく、正直に恥ずべきだと、心残りだからである。フィリピンの公用語であるという限りでなくアカデミックな場の共通語である英語が苦手だということの損失、仮に英語が苦手でも受け皿となる知識さえあればもっと吸収できたと実感したこと、質問を積極的に行うことでより実りある学習になると理解したことで、これから54

もっと頑張ろうと素直に発奮した。異論はあろうが、この体験は貴重な海外研修での失敗経験として、学部 1 年という早い段階に経験しておいてよかったと捉えたいと思う。
フィリピンに来て日本を再確認することが多かった。日本食レストランを探すというだけの意味ではなく、日本企業の海外進出や日本人の先達の活躍が自然と目に入り、感嘆した。往来する日本車や見知ったコンビニ店などの多さに驚いた。この功績に甘えているだ
けではいけないのではないかと強く感じた。忘れられない日本の再確認がある。UP の学生が問題提起として、フィリピンでは母語でない英語によって講義中心の教育を行うために、理科科目の授業についてこられない生徒が増えていると言うのだ。日本でグローバル人材の育成だと声高に叫ばれているのは、母国語による教育というフィリピンのナショナ
リズムと理科教育が求めてやまないものが、すでにあるからということの裏返しに過ぎな
いようなのだ。英語が課題だと思っていたし、このプログラムを通しても再認識したけれ
ど、どこかフィリピンの現状を知ったうえで顧みる余裕があってもよいのかなと考えた。

-DAO THI THANH HUYEN-

It has been 1 week since I returned Japan fromthe 10-day study trip in the Philippines. 10-day
trip was too short for me, I still want to know
more, discover more about this beautiful country
and its friendly people.
It was very lucky for me that I could take part inthis program. Actually this program was not forundergraduate students but for master course
students,

but this year is thefirst time

undergraduate student like me could apply forthis study trip. I‟m Vietnamese so I want to go tosome Asian developing countries to know how they are similar and how they are
different from my country.
The very first thing I gained from this trip is the hospitality of the Filipinos. After55

arriving at NAIA, we received one jasmine flower necklace for each one of us. The
smell was so good that I forgot all the exhaustion after a long flight. Then we visited
The University of Santo Tomas (UST) and The University of Philippines (UP),attended in some classes of UST. The Filipino students were very friendly. They
talked with us like we‟ve known each other for a long time and made we laugh with
their funny jokes. I discovered that the Filipinos have a great sense of humor and they
are fond of taking pictures. Thanks to that we took a lot of funny pictures and made somany unforgettable memories.
The second thing is the huge gap between the rich and the poor here. We stayed at a
hotel called The Charter House, located in Makati, Metro Manila – one of the mostluxurious cities in Philippines. There are several large shopping malls here, 5Greenbelts, 2 Landmarks, 5 Glorietta. They are connected and it‟ll be taken all day
long or 2 days to go shopping here. At first I was surprised of the development of thePhilippines. It‟s kind of similar to Vietnamese urban areas now with the tall buildings,
fast- food, and globalization. But when we visited the Old Manila, there are still a lotof poor people. They live in some houses made from cardboard, metal or vinyl whichcan‟t even handle a strong wind.
I was also surprised by the improvement of transportation here. Motorbikes werebanned running on the Metropolitan area and Car must follow a coding-scheme basedon their number plates which restricts vehicle use. Beside, the Filipinos have a so cooltransportation which is the Jeepney. There was a large number of Jeeps which wereleft by American soldiers after leaving
from

Philippines.

The

Filipinos

converted them and made them into aneffective mean of transportation. It wasa pity that we couldn‟t board on a
Jeepney because of our strict schedule.
We have visited a lot of organizationand offices such as the Philippine Stock
Exchange, Intellectual Property Office, JICA, Bataan Nuclear Power Plant, Yokohama
56

Tires and Subic Freeport. At each place, we met the employees, managers, watched
their presentations and asked questioned so we could understand their works, theiractivities, and their passions. It can be told that the Philippines urban areas aredeveloping rapidly. Foreign-affiliated organizations have been investigating on not
only economy, trade but also on education and infrastructure. Examples include theclean water plan of Mitsubishi Corporation and the Road Plan of Asian Development
Bank
This study trip means a lot to me. This is the first time I attended a program like this.
The other attendances are from different faculties and different school years, but
we‟ve learnt a lot from each other. We also had time to discuss or review about someissues and the other common things like shopping, eating and so on. I‟ve made somany Japanese friends as well as Filipino friends. And the most important thing isI‟ve gained a lot of knowledge about the Philippines and about urban development ofan Asian country. I hope I will have chance to attend in this kind of program to travel
more and learn more.
Prof. Kabashima, Prof. Kobayashi, graduating seniors, the other attendances and all
the Filipino friends, thank you so much for all your support.

-OTOGONBAYAR SOYOLMAA-

I was very happy that i could
participate the Study trip to thePhilippines and it was a great
experience for me. Although it was
just a ten day trip, I learned a lot ofthings from this trip and there weremany things that surprised or
impressed me.
First, I got surprised most by the large gap between the rich and the poor. We visited
57

the Payatas dumpsite on our fist day in the Philippines. The people who live there
only get about 200 pesos (400 yen) a day by working a whole day on that garbage. It
was a low wage compared to Japanese who gets 800 yen an hour by working as apart-timer. But when we came to Makati, we saw a totally different situation. There
were many skyscrapers, maybe more than Tokyo, and stylish people. Makati was justlike a city of a developed country. I was really impressed how beautiful Makati City
was.

But at the same time, I got surprised greatly on how big the gap between therich and the poor is.
Second, I was also impressed with the transportation system. The main public
transportation in the Metro Manila is Jeepneys which were originally made from U.S
military jeeps left over from WWII. Jeepney has an open rear door and it can stop
anywhere which is really convenient. At the same time, it also causes traffic jam. It
seemed to me that the traffic jam in the Metro Manila is really heavy. When wevisited NEDA, the specialist explained to us the measures that they are taking toaddress the traffic jam. Among those measures, I really liked the restriction based on
the number of the car‟s license plate. For example, the car that has a license plate
which is started with 1 or 2 , can‟t be used on Monday and the one that started with 3
or 4 can‟t be used on Tuesday so on.

According to the specialist, this restriction

helped reduce the traffic jam by 20%.
In conclusion, the study trip to thePhilippines was amazing. In ten days,
we visited many places such as JICA,
Payatas, The PSE, University ofSanto Tomas and PhiRice etc andlearned a lot of things. Also, we
observed how the Philippines isdeveloping quickly with the help of Japanese aid and other developed countries. I
really liked the Philippines, especially the people. Filipinos are very friendly and I
hope I will visit the Philippines again someday.
58

-Meriel Hailey-

Coming home as a participant of the 2014 YNU
Philippine Fieldtrip was both an interesting andmemorable experience. Through this trip, I was able tohave a difference perspective of the development in mycountry which I haven‟t seen while I was working forthe government. Aside from identifying some of the
major causes that hindered the development of some
sectors in the Philippines, I realized that proposedsolutions contained in plans, programs and projects will not be good enough if thecurrent leaders of the country don‟t have political will, have vested interests which
will not benefit the common good and don‟t have a mindset for long term goals. In
return, Filipinos citizens like me should not only be dependent in the government but
must also do something to help the government implement its development initiatives.
I would like to thank Prof. Kabashima and Prof. Kobayashi for giving me theopportunity to join this fieldtrip, as well as to the Infrastructure Manageme nt Program(IMP) Office and Prof. Araki for the support. I would also like to express my warmest
appreciation to the members of the YNU delegation, especially to Motoyoshi-san andOuki-san for being good leaders during the trip. Special thanks to Kusama-san(Yukiko) for teaching me a lot of things about Japan and Japanese culture while she
was my roommate during the 10-day trip. Maraming, maraming salamat po.

59

VII: List of Agencies and Organizations

Organization
Salt Pyatas
Foudation
Philippines

AdressUnit 211 PM
Apartment, 24
Mtalimo St,
Diliman, Quezon
Ciity

Contact Person
Ms. Yumi Otsuki

Telephone/E-mail+63 2332-8415

Intellectual Property

28 Upper McKinley

Ms. Marilou Elacio(+63-2) 238-6300

Office of theRoad, McKinley Hill

Philippines

Town Center
Fort Bonifacio, Taguig

The Philippine Stock
Exchange

Philippine Stock
Exchange Plaza
Ayala Triangle, Ayala

local 205

Ms. Princess Dy-anne
Claveria(+63-2) 819-4100(+63-2)-834-4000

Avenue, Makati
Mitsubishi Coporation

14th Floor, L.V.
Locsin Building, 6752
Ayala Avenue corner
Makati Avenue,
Makati

Department of
Foreign Affairs

Ro xas Boulevard,

Mr. Von Ryan Ferrera,

Pasay City

Foreign Service Institute

PhiRice

Science City of
Muñoz, 3119 Nueva
Ecija

Ms. Guada Miranda, Headof Visitors‟s Office(+63-44)-456-0277
local 527

Subic New Container
Port Terminal

SBMA Chairman
Roberto V. Garcia

Subic Bay Metropolitan
Authority, Administration(+63-47)-252-4000(+63-47)-252-4004

Building, Bldg. 229
Asian Development
Bank

6 ADB Avem
Mandaluyong City,

National Economic

1550
12 Saint Josemariaand Development
Authority

Escriva Dr, Ortigas
Center, Pasig City,

Mr. Tsuka Maekawa(+63)2632-5875

Ms. Aurora Collants(+63)2631-2165

Ms.Rachelle Cerera

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