★★★ ＜第28回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第15回和文英訳】＞ ★★★
≪１級課題 -バイオテクノロジー-≫【問 1】
Insects are broadly classified into holometabola and hemimetaboladepending on the mode of their development. While morphogenesis ofholometabola such as Drosophila and the like has been well studied, notmuch research has been carried out on hemimetabola. However, harmful
insects include hemimetabolous insects such as grasshoppers, locusts, andcockroaches, and genetic recombination techniques are indispensable ascountermeasures against these insects.
Furthermore, genetic
recombination techniques are also indispensable when utilizing
hemimetabolous insects as natural enemy insects.
One type of genetic recombination technique is a transgenic method
involving the introduction of certain exogenous genes, and in this method it
is necessary to use special means in order to improve the incorporation
efficiency because of the low efficiency of incorporating exogenous DNA into
genomic DNA. Currently, DNA-type transposons are widely used as ameans for achieving this. DNA-type transposons are excised from DNA by atransposase and inserted into a target sequence of another DNA.

【問 2】
After the extraction, the mixture of the crushed matter and the solvent may
be separated into solid and liquid by a known method, and only the liquid
extract may be recovered.
In addition, an extract containing ergosterol peroxide can be obtained, if
necessary, by drying the liquid extract with a drying agent such as
anhydrous sodium sulfate and then distilling off the solvent. The extract
thus obtained can be further fractioned appropriately by a technique such ascolumn chromatography, including liquid chromatography, extraction or

fractional precipitation, and fractions can be thus obtained.
with increased purity can be used in place of the extract.

Such fractions

The activating agent for neuronal cells contains ergosterol peroxide as anactive ingredient. The active ingredient content can vary depending on theage or the weight of the subject who takes it, but it contains the ergosterol
peroxide such that an adult can take preferably 0.1-1,000 mg/kg per day,more preferably 1-100 mg/kg per day, and most preferably 5-50 mg/kg perday.

【問 3】<Estrogen Administration Test 1: administration to juvenile pufferfish>
Estrogen is administered to pufferfish during the period where gonads havesexual plasticity, and the effect of estrogen on the gonads is examined.
Synthetic estradiol was used as the estrogen, and Takifugu rubripes wasused as the pufferfish. The estradiol was periodically added to the breedingwater in the form of an ethanol solution of the estradiol dissolved in ethanol.
As for the test sections, a plurality of test sections with different amounts ofestrogen added were set up. More specifically, a total of eight sections wereset up, including test sections in which the estrogen concentrations of thebreeding water were set at 1 ppb by weight (1 ng/g) for test section 1, 5 ppbby weight (5 ng/g) for test section 2, 10 ppb by weight (10 ng/g) for test
section 3, 25 ppb by weight (25 ng/g) for test section 4, 50 ppb by weight (50ng/g) for test section 5, and 100 ppb by weight (100 ng/g) for test section 6,and further including untreated control section 1 to which nothing wasfurther added, as well as control section 2 to which ethanol only was added(an estradiol concentration of 0 ppb by weight). The amounts of ethanol in
the individual sections were set to be identical.

【問 4】Claims:1.
A method for inducing a cataract, the method comprising an injuring
step of injuring DNA of a lens of a non-human organism or DNA of a collectedlens.
3.
A method for inducing a cataract according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein
the DNA is injured by applying a stimulus of a certain intensity to the lens of

a non-human organism or the collected lens in the injuring step, and wherein
the stimulus has an intensity level at which only a part of a cross-sectionalsurface of the lens becomes opaque after the stimulus has been applied.
4.
A method for inducing a cataract according to any one of Claims 1 to
3, wherein the injuring step comprises the following (i) and/or (ii):(i) irradiating the lens of a non-human organism or the collected lens withultraviolet light or radiation;(ii) bringing a substance that induces DNA injury into contact with the lensof a non-human organism or the collected lens.
5.
A model organism with a cataract, wherein the organism can beobtained with a method according to any one of Claims 1 to 4.