2. Information Sharing

2-8. Disaster Analysis Based on Satellite Information
There are dozens of Earth observation satellites going around the orbit at different observation
cycles. These satellites are equipped with various sensors of different wavelength band ranges andresolutions, and have different observation ranges. Some of the image data collected by thesesatellites are made publicly available to facilitate disaster reduction and prevention activities
including analysis and forecasting of disasters (see Table 2-8-1).
Table. 2-8-1

Observation satellite data open to public (by NASDA, 2001)

Japanese Satellite
Satellite Name Sensor NameBand Number

Wavelength Band Range

Effective Life

Observation
Frequency

Resolving Power Observation Width

MOS-1, 1b

MESSR
VTIRMSR

441

Visibility・Near-infrared
Visibility・Thermal infrared
Microwave

87.2-96.4

Saved data
Saved data
Saved data

50m
900&2700m
32km

100x90km
1500kmx1Path
320kmx1Path

JER-1

VNIR
SWIRSAR441

Visibility・Near-infrared
Medium infrared
L Band92.9-98.10
92.9-93.12
92.9-98.10

Saved data
Saved data
Saved data

18m
18m
18m

75x75km75x75km75x75kmADEOSAVNIR-Mu
AVNIR-Pa
OCTS

4113

Visibility・Near-infrared
Visibility Near-infrared
Visibility～Thermal infrared

96.10-97.6

Saved data
Saved data
Saved data

16m
8m
700m

80x80km80x80km1400km

TRMM

PR
VIRS
TMI

2
55

Microwave
Visibility～Thermal infrared
Microwave

97.11-

0.75 days
0.33 days
0.33 days

4.3km
2km
6～50km～215km～720km～760kmADEOS-II

GLI
AMSAR

36
8

Visibility～Thermal infrared
Microwave

02.03-

4 days4 days

0.25&1km
5～50km1600km1600km

AVNIR-2
PRISM
PALSAR

411

Visibility・Near-infrared
Visibility Near-infraredL Band04.6-

2 days46 days
5 days10m
2.5m
10&100m

70km
70km /35km
20 - 350km

ALOSSAR→

Foreign Satellite
Satellite Name Sensor NameBand Number

EOS-AM1(Economy/Indu MODIS
stry/Commerc ASTERe→）

36
14

LANDSAT1.2.3

MSS

LANDSAT-4.5

MSS
TM447

Wavelength Band Range

Effective Life

Observation
Frequency

Resolving Power Observation Width

Visibility～Thermal infrared
Visibility・Near-infrared、Medium infrared、Thermalinfrared

99.12-

1.5 days
16 days

0.25, 0.5, 1km
15, 30, 90m

2330km
60km

Visibility・Near-infrared

79.1-83.3

Saved data

80m

185x170km

Visibility・Near-infrared
Visibility・Near-infrared、Medium infrared、Thermalinfrared

82.10-

Saved data
16 days

80m
30&120m

185x170km
185x170km

LANDSAT-7

ETM+

8Visibility・Near-infrared

99.4.15-

16 days

15, 30, 60m

185x172km

SPOT-1.2.3

HRV-XS
HRV-P

3
1Visibility・Near-infrared
Visibility Near-infrared

88.5-

3 days3 days20m
10m

60x60km60x60km

SPOT-4

HRV-Xi
HRV-P

4
1

Visibility・Near-infrared
Visibility Near-infrared

98.3-

3 days3 days20m
10m

60x60km60x60km

IRS-1C
IRS-1D

PAN
LISS-3

15Visibility Near-infrared
Visibility Near-infrared、Medium infrared

95.1297.9-

5 days
5 days

5.8m
23&70m70x70km141x141km

ERS-1 (SAR)
ERS-2 (SAR)AMI

1C Band91.8-00.3
95.4-

Saved data
35 days

30m
30m

80x80km80x80km0

RADARSATSAR

1C Band95.11-

2 days10～100m

2.5-250,000km2

High Resolution Satellite
Satellite Name Sensor NameBand Number

Wavelength Band Range

Effective Life

Observation
Frequency

Resolving Power Observation Width

IKONOS

MULTI
PAN

4
1

Visibility・Near-infrared
Visibility Near-infrared

99.9-

3 days3 days4m1m

11x11km11x11km

EROS-A1PAN

1Visibility Near-infrared

00.12-

2 days1.8m

12.5x12.5km

Quick Bird

MULTI
PAN

4
1

Visibility・Near-infrared
Visibility Near-infrared

01.10-

3.5 days
3.5 days

2.5m
0.61cm17～32km15～17km2. Information Sharing

Using satellite data for analyzing disasters, the Disaster Reduction Working Group of theSatellite Remote Sensing Promotion Committee1 compiled and published a guidebook on disaster
analysis methodology, “Introduction to Satellite Data-based Disaster Analysis,” on the Web(available in Japanese only at http://www.restec.or.jp/eeoc/bousai/ v11.htm) in 2000. The purposeof this web publication was to expand the range of satellite data application by informing a wide
spectrum of people from municipal government disaster management personnel to the generalpublic of how satellite remote sensing technology is used for disaster reduction.
The Web book is designed to allow the reader to search and select various examples byanalysis method, chronology, cause, occurrence site, region, satellite, and sensor, to sui this/herpurposes (see Fig. 2-8-2).

Fig. 2-8-2

Typical Screen Shot of Analysis by Disaster Site

In addition to text data, the Web book contains links to analysis flowcharts, data used foranalyses, and graphic images. For the convenience of the user, the Web book is structured like a
textbook to help understand how satellite data are used (see Fig. 2-8-3).

１ An organization established in the Remote Sensing Technology Center, in order toinvestigate the feasibilities of R & D programs on remote sensing technology and satellite
systems, and to conduct specialist investigations to facilitate planning and coordinationof promotion strategies for wider use of satellite data.

2. Information Sharing

Fig. 2-8-3

Typical Analysis Process Flowchart

This publication would provide a valuable source of information for disaster management
agency staff and researchers not only in Japan but also in all Asian countries. The ADRC willcontinue its effort to collect case studies on disaster reduction, and to enhance and enrich databasesof satellite data-based disaster analysis methods. The ADRC has acquired the right to create andrelease an English version of the Web book in order to contribute to the promotion of disaster
reduction activities in member countries. The current version is available on the ADRC Website(http://www.adrc.or.jp/dmweb/index.html).
Moreover, there is a new communications satellite project being promoted by the Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA, formerly known as the National Space Development
Agency of Japan (NASDA)). The satellite, named Wideband InterNetworking engineering test andDemonstration Satellite (WINDS), is scheduled for launch in 2006. Currently, the ADRC, together

2. Information Sharing

with JAXA, the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT,formerly known as the Communications Research Laboratory (CRL)), and Diamond Air Service(DAS), is promoting joint research programs on the application of data from the WINDS and othersatellites to early disaster warning and disaster information sharing (see Fig. 2-8-4).

Disaster Management Experiment in Asia
WINDS

VSAT

Real-time
Communication
Head Quarter
ASIA
VSATADRC

Wireless LAN
W earable System
無線Internet
HUB STATION

Semi Real-timeJAPANUSERSDISASTER
Fig. 2-8-4

Realtime Disaster Information System by communications satellites

Since 2004, the ADRC and JAXA have been developing a new disaster image distribution
system for ADRC member countries and creating user-friendly GIS-based remote sensing databaseaccessible via the web. JAXA plans to launch an Earth observation satellite (ALOS) in autumn
2005 (see Fig. 2-8-5).

Framework for application satellites technology fordisaster management i n Asian countries

Disaster!
Request Images

ASIAN Countrie sADRC（ Kobe）

Disaster Management Organizations

Accept Order from Member Countries

WINDS/ETSETS-8ETS-8
Di stribute Image
via VENTEN

ALOS

NotifyNotifyJAX A
Develop a plan of Action

Partner Agencies
Commit resources to support Asian Countries
ALOS/JAXA, ENVISAT/ESA

Fig. 2-8-5

Satellite Image Distribution System (Plan)