12/19/2018

アラブ首長国連邦UAEの原子力プログラムの進展

2019年1月17日
斉藤 健彦(UAE原子力規制庁 勤務 ２００９年10月１日ー ２０１８年１０月３１日)

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1. Introduction of the UAE Nuclear Program
UAE Nuclear Policy– In 2008 the Government issued the Policy of theUnited Arab Emirates on the Evaluation and Potential
Development of Peaceful Nuclear Energy.
– Policy commits UAE to “highest standards of safety
and security”.
– The UAE has moved forward on the commitments in
its policy through :o adherence to the relevant international
instruments for nuclear safety, security and nonproliferation,o the establishment of a legal, governmental andregulatory framework for safety, ando on-going support for the development of the UAE
peaceful nuclear energy programme
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Roadmap for Developing a Successful Nuclear
Power Program (Nov. 2009)
Developing UAE National Infrastructure
Roadmap prepared by consultants translated the IAEA
milestones in developing a successful nuclear power
program into an implementation plan customized to
UAE needs:• Evaluated current infrastructure and capabilities within UAE• Assessed different industrial strategies and reported
feasibility.
• Recommendations to improve and develop new elements.
• Outlined a schedule and responsibilities and set feasible
milestones.

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Overall Planning of UAE Nuclear Power Program
Preparation for
Nuclear Power Plant
Construction (Infra)

2008

2009

Plant Construction
and Preparation
for Operations

2010

2012

2014

NuclearOperations

2017

Education Strategy

Ongoing

NPP

Short term

HR Plan Development

Mid-Term

HR Plan Implementation for Reg.,
Construction and Operations

C. D.

Unit-1

2017

Unit-2

2018

Unit-32019

Unit-4

2020

Long Term
HR Development for Sustainable
Implementation

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Selection of Technology and Prime Contractor
o Following a year-long, intense evaluation of bids from France (EPR),

Japan (ABWR), and Korea (APR1400), Prime Contract awarded to theteam led by Korean Electric Power Corporation on December 27, 2009.

o Decision criteria:• Safety• Deliverability• Contract Compliance• Human Resource Development• Commercial Competitivenesso APR 1400
•
•
•
•
•

Based on Generation 3 technology from the US“Reference Plant” in Shin Kori 3 under construction
South Korea has continually upgraded the reactor design
South Korean operating record is among the world’s best
National support of Soth Korea
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UAE Nuclear Program Management Structure Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation, FANR
Federal Authority (http://www.fanr.gov.ae/en/Pages/default.aspx)

 Regulations, licensing, inspections, accounting and control of nuclear material

 Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation, ENEC
(http://www.enec.gov.ae/) Promotion and development of required infrastructure for nuclear power
program in UAE

 Nawah Energy Company, Nawah(http://www.nawah.ae/)

 Operation of Barakah nuclear power plants

 Ministry of Foreign Affairs

 Policy coordination and International Cooperation framework arrangements

 Other entities are assigned with specific responsibilities
 CICPA : Responsibilities for implementing physical security
 Khalifa U: Human Capacity building NCEMA: National emergency and crisis management
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2. UAE Nuclear Legal & Regulatory Infrastructure
2.1 UAE Nuclear Law
Nuclear Law (Decree): October 2009
The main part of the legislative framework is in place.
o In line with the UAE Policy & international treaties, the Federal
Law by Decree No (6) of 2009, Concerning The Peaceful Uses of
Nuclear Energy (the “Nuclear Law”) was issued by the President in
September 2009 to:• develop & control UAE nuclear sector towards peacefulpurposes• ensure Nuclear Safety & Security, and Radiation Protection• prohibit Enrichment & Reprocessing Facilities in UAE
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2.2 Nuclear Regulations(Examples are shown below)
FANR-REG-03
FANR-REG-05

FANR-REG-12

Design of Nuclear Power Plants
Application of Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) at Nuclear
Facilities
Physical Protection for Nuclear Materials and Nuclear Facilities
Radiation Protection and Predisposal Radioactive Waste
Management in Nuclear Facilities
System of Accounting for and Control of Nuclear Material andApplication of Additional Protocol
Emergency Preparedness for Nuclear Facilities

FANR-REG-14

Application for a Licence to Operate a Nuclear Facility

FANR-REG-15

Off-site Emergency Plans for Nuclear Facilities

FANR-REG-16

Operational Safety including Commissioning

FANR-REG-17

Certification of Operating Personnel at Nuclear Facilities

FANR-REG-21

Decommissioning of Facilities

FANR-REG-23(Restricted)

Security of Radioactive Sources

FANR-REG-26

Pre-disposal Management of Radioactive Waste

FANR-REG-08
FANR-REG-11
FANR-REG-10

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2.3 Nuclear Regulatory Guides(Examples are shown below)▪FANR-RG-001 Content of Nuclear Facility Construction and Operating Licence
Applications▪FANR-RG-002 Application of Management Systems for Nuclear Facilities▪FANR-RG-003 Probabilistic Risk Assessment: Scope, Quality and Applications▪FANR-RG-004 Evaluation Criteria for Probabilistic Safety Targets and Design
Requirements▪FANR-RG-006 Transportation Safety Guide▪FANR-RG-007 Radiation Safety▪FANR-RG-017 Operator Certification Guidance▪FANR-RG-019 Radiation Safety in Industrial Radiography
In addition to the above guides, US regulatory guides and IAEA safety guides are
specified for use in Review Instruction of each chapter for review of CLA (Construction
License Application CLA (PSAR) and Operation License Application OLA (FSAR).

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2.4 Integrated Management System Instructions of FANR
2.4-1 Instructions for Review and Assessment of NPP
1). Work Instructions (WIs)
2). SAR Review Instructions (RIs)
2.4-2 Instructions for Inspection of Nuclear Facilities
1). Administration2). Management System3). Construction
4). Commissioning
5). Operation
6). Maintenance7). Radiation Protection
8). Emergency Preparedness
2.4.-3 Radiation and Nuclear Emergency Instructions
2.4.-4 Safeguards Instructions
2.4.-5 Education and Training Instructions
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2.5 UAE Regulatory Authority FANR

Establishment of a Regulatory Authority for the
Nuclear Sector in accordance with White Paper“…the establishment of an independent, vigilant and effective
regulatory authority is a cornerstone for any stable, credible, safe
and secure nuclear energy program.” UAE White Paper, April
2008
The Regulatory Authority would be endowed with powers to:
•
•
•
•
•

Establish requirements and regulations
Issue Licenses
Inspect and assess facilities
Monitor and enforce compliance with regulations
Establish a State System of Accounting and Control (SSAC)

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FANR Organizational Chart

Source: FANR

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3. Licensing Activities in the UAE Nuc Program
3.1 NPP Activities that Require Licenses(Article 25 of UAE Law)

•Selection of a site for the Construction of a Nuclear Facility•Preparation of a site for the Construction of a Nuclear Facility•Construction of a Nuclear Facility•Commissioning of a Nuclear Facility•Operation of a Nuclear Facility•Closure or a change in the Closure date of any Nuclear Facility•Decommissioning of a Nuclear Facility•Modifications having significance on Safety to the Management
System and organizational arrangements of the structure, systems
and equipment of or contained in any Nuclear Facility•Possession, use, manufacture or handling of any RegulatedMaterial in the State
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Status of NPP Licensing
Licenses issued:• Site Selection Licence• Site Preparation Licence• Limited Construction Licence• Construction Licence for Units1 & 2 (July 2012)• Construction Licence for Units 3 & 4 (Sept 2014)• Import of Nuclear Fuel
• Nuclear Fuel Handling and Storage• Nuclear Fuel Transportation

ENEC submitted application for an Operating Licence for Units
1&2 in March 2015

• Authorization of fuel load, start up, nuclear
commissioning, commercial operation, andpossession of regulated material

followed by application for an Operating Licence for Units 3&4 in
September 2016
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3.2 Construction License
Construction License Application for Barakah 1 & 2(Received on 27 Dec 2010)
Application Letter
Preliminary Safety Analysis Report- 9000 pages- 21 Chapters covering Safety, Safeguards and PhysicalProtection and 2 Supplements

Separate Submittals
Physical Protection Plan for construction
Preliminary Safeguards PlanPreliminary Probabilistic Safety Assessment Report summary
Severe Accident Analysis Report
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Submitted PSAR Followsurface Article (8) of FANR RG001: SAR Content

1. Introduction and General Description of Plant
2. Site Characteristics
3. Design of Systems, Structures, Components, and Equipment
4. Reactor
5. Reactor Coolant and Connecting Systems
6. Engineered Safety Features
7. Instrumentation and Controls
8. Electric Power
9. Auxiliary Systems
10. Steam and Power Conversion System
11. Radioactive Waste Management including Storage prior to Disposal
12. Radiation Protection
13. Conduct of Operations
14. Inspection, Test, Analyses and Verification Programmes
15. Transient and Accident Analyses
16. Technical Specifications
17. Management of Safety, Security and Safeguards
18. Human Factors Engineering
19. Probabilistic Risk Assessment and Severe Accident Analysis
20. Physical Protection
21. Safeguards
22. Decommissioning and End-of-Life Aspects
S1. Reference Nuclear Facility, Modification and Independent SV
S2. Safety issues and use of OPEX
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FANR Effectively Uses Safety Information from RBCoO
Category 1  Full review and assessment
Category 2  Capitalize on the RBCoO review and assessment
Category 1 Review is assigned to any item of the SAR that does not meet all
criteria for a Category 2 Review or- new technology ,- new findings,- large risk contributors,- site specific conditions/designs.
Category 2 Review is assigned to any item of the SAR that meets thefollowing criteria:•The documentation submitted by the applicant is adequate to the extent
that the reviewer has sufficient information to assess topics below.
•The submission demonstrates that the RBCoO’s regulatory requirements
associated with this item are consistent with and meet those of FANR.
•The technical basis used by the RBCoO to perform their review andassessment is clearly described and explained.
•With respect to the reference plant there is no design change withsignificant impact on nuclear safety.
•With respect to the reference plant there is no change in operational
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activities with significant impact on nuclear safety.

Examples of Factors Causing Design Changes
from Reference Plant￮ High Sea Water and Air Temperature- Systems evaluation (all effected systems)- Equipment evaluation- Layout impact evaluation- Operational impact evaluation

Photo from Wikimedia Commons￮ Sand Storm￮ Oil Spill in Sea￮ Effect of Geology

Source: FANR presentation

See next slide￮ Electrical Grid Frequency (Design change
from 60 Hz design to 50 Hz design)
Software / Hardware (Electrical Equipment,
Mechanical Equipment; Equipment qualification)￮ New Requirement: Effect of Air Craft Crush Measures
Source: Licensing Report, FANR/ ENEC

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Seismic Design Verification Inspection for CEDM and
ESW Pump House of Barakah NPPs (Excerpts from T. Saito

Presentation at Inspection Technique Training Workshop, Nov. 5, 2012)
1. How the inspection be performed based on 3 requirements from a selected
Inspection Instruction
Background Reference plants (SKN 3&4) is built directly on hard rock but BNPP NPPs will be built
on soil BNPP containment is much heavier due to air-craft crash measure Electrical frequency of the SKN 3&4 is 60Hz while that of BNPP is 50 Hz (resulted in in
different pump designs – ESW pump) Soil-structure analysis needed Preliminary analysis shows reference design floor response does not envelope atlower frequencies
 ITS (important-To-Safety) equipment in containment and auxiliary building selected
for design verification

Source: Licensing Report, FANR/ENEC

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FANR Review Using Technical Support Organizations(Effective Use of World Experience)• FANR engaged three TSOs in the US and Europe tosupport review and assessment of CLA / OLA toaugment in-house resources• FANR provided alignment and direction to TSOs
ensuring consistency across the CLA and OLA
review.
• FANR retains responsibility for regulatory decisions,through its in-house team of seasoned staff.

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Review Process: Request for Additional Information (RAI)
Example RAI 4.2-1002

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Safety Evaluation Report (SER) Preparation:
Content of SER Section

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BNPP 1&2 CLA Review Project Schedule
2012

RAI
SER

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PSAR Review (Summary)o IAEA IRRS Mission Evaluation on PSAR Review of FANRo Request for Additional Information (RAIs) Sent to ENEC
- 1599o Safety Evaluation Report (SER) Sections- 223

o Safety Evaluation Report- Part 1: Summary (70 pages)- Part 2: Detailed SER (2500 pages)
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Safety Evaluation Report (SER) for
BNPP 1&2 Construction Licence Application
Web Final SER for Barakah Units 1 2 CLA
Part 2: Detailed SER (2500 pages)

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Contents of Safety Evaluation Report Part-2

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FANR Assessment on Construction Licence
Application and Follow-up Actions
Conclusion and Grant of CL for Barakah Units 1 & 2• The staff found that the information submitted by ENEC issufficient to demonstrate that the proposed facility complies with
FANR regulations, and satisfies the relevant principles, objectives
and criteria for safety, radiation protection, nuclear security andnon-proliferation as required by Law .
• FFANR granted Construction License for Barakha Units 1 & 2
Follow-up Actions (Licensing Conditions)• During its evaluation FANR identified requirements for a numberof follow-up submittals from ENEC “Conditional Acceptance”- Update PSAR
- Additional submissions to confirm technical solutions meet
FANR requirements- Fukushima follow up actions- FSAR commitments

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3.3 Operating License
Application for Barakah 1 & 2 Received on 26 March 2015
• Final Safety Analysis Report─ 15,000 pages
─ 22 chapters and 2 supplements covering Safety, Security and Safeguards
─ Technical Specifications
─ Independent Safety Verification and Independent Design Review
229 pages• Separate Submittals
1) Quality Assurance Manual2) Updated Safety Assessment Report on Lessons Learned from Fukushima Accident
3) Severe Accident Analysis Report (SAAR)
936 pages4) Physical Protection Plan (PPP)
5) Safeguards Plan (SP)735 pages6) Emergency Plan (EP)7) Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) Summary Report8) Decommissioning Overview• Parts of OLA provide updates on previously approved
submissions:─ site characteristics
─ NSSS design

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Supporting Submittals
1. Radiation Protection Program
2. Fire Protection Program and procedures
3. Fire Hazards Analysis
4. Structural/seismic analysis for new andspent fuel racks
5. New fuel emergency response plan
6. Chemistry Program
7. Physical Protection Plan

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Review of Operating License Application for Barakah 1 & 2Current Barakah 1 & 2 OLA Review Milestones
Task Name

Owner

FinishApplicant26/03/2015

Complete Initial Review of OLA

FANR

31/05/2015

Complete Detailed Review of OLA

FANR

31/08/2015

Issue First Round of RAIs - Majority

FANR

31/10/2015

Complete Draft SERs with Open Items - Majority

FANR

29/12/2016

Receive late OLA submittals including all OLA
Rai responses and Operational Ruddiness Report

Applicant2018

Complete review of late submittals

FANR

2019

Approve all SERs and supporting documents

FANR

Issue Operating License

FANR

Receive Operating License Application (OLA)

May/ 2010
May/ 2010

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List of Nawah Operation Management Programs to Be
Reviewed and Documented (Total of 42 Programs)
Nawah Program
Description Doc.
No.

Title

Nawah Meteorological Monitoring Program
ENV-PGD-001
Description
ENG-PGD-AOV- Air Operated Valves (AOVs) Program
001
Description
OP-PGD-0001- Nawah Primary Coolant Outside of
R0
Containment Program Description
ENG-PGD-AGEquipment Qualification Program
001
Description
ENG-PGD-CTM- Cyclic and Transient Monitoring Program
001
Description
ENG-PGD-EQ-R0 Ageing Management Program Description
ENG-PGD-FAC- Erosion and Corrosion Monitoring Program
001
Description
Fuel Integrity Control Program
RE-PGD-002-R0 Nawah
Description
ENG-PGD-RVS- Reactor Coolant Pressure Boundary
001
Material Surveillance Program Description--DCM-PGD-001
OP-PGD-0003
NRM-PGD-AM0001
NRM-PGDPRA_0001
SEC-PGD-0001
SFG-PGD-0001
EXP-PGD-001

Nawah Document Control and Records
Program Description Management
Equipment Clearance Safety Program
Description
Nawah Accident Management Program
Description
Nawah Probabilistic Risk Assessment
Program Description
Nawah Site Security Program Description
Nawah Safeguards Program Description
Export Control Program Description

SER No.
Review
documented

FANR-REG-16 Article(s) for review

2.0

REG-04

3.9.6

Maintenance, Testing,
Surveillance and Inspection
Programmes

3.11

4.2
5.2.3
17.0
17.0
19.2
19.1
20.0
21.0
21.0

Equipment Qualification
Maintenance, Testing,
Surveillance and Inspection
Programmes
Ageing Management
Ageing Management, item (3)Core Management and Nuclear
Fuel Handling
Maintenance, Testing,
Surveillance and Inspection
Programmes & (16) Ageing
Management
Accident Management
Programme
Accident Management
Programme
Accident Management
Programme
Management System REG-08
Management System, REG-10
FANR-REG-09

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3.4 Other NPP-Related Licenses• Limited Construction Licence• Construction Licence for Units1 & 2 (July 2012)• Construction Licence for Units 3 & 4 (Sept 2014)

ENEC submitted application for an Operating
Licence for Units 1&2 on 26 March 2015
• Authorization of fuel load, start up, nuclear
commissioning, commercial operation, andpossession of regulated material• Licence will be granted by February 2018
ENEC has made further applications for
authorization• Fuel Handling and Storage• Transportation• Import

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4. Other Activities in the UAE Nuclear Program
4.1 Activities Related to Construction andOperation of NPPs
4.1.1 Inspection and control
FANR Inspection: Scope
•
•
•
•
•

ENEC and Prime
Contractor
Vendor
Site Construction
Commencing testing( pre-operational tests)
Operational Readiness
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4.1.2 Emergency Preparedness
IAEA Emergency Management: Drills and Exercises
•

•

•

•

FANR completed IAEA Convex 2b exercise –reporting to IAEA vie USIE, transmitting data
and requesting assistance (August 2015)
NCEMA conducted first tabletop joint andcoordination exercise in addition to assessmentof the emergency procedures for eachgovernment entity (September 2015)
NCEMA conducting exercise of the offsite
emergency plan to demonstrate thenotification process, reception centers
operation, activation of the EOC/EOF,
implementation of protective actions,capability for radiological monitoring andmeasurements (October 2015)
Barakah NPP full scale exercise – onsite andoffsite plans - February 2016

Source: ENEC/Construction Week Online, ITP Digital Media Inc.

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IAEA EPREV Mission 2015 (21 – 31 March 2015)o To review emergency preparedness and response (EPR) arrangements andcapabilities associated with the Barakah Nuclear Power Plant (NPP):●The on-site emergency preparedness and response plan;● National and local off-site EPR arrangements;● The interface between the NPP and the off-site EPR authorities; and● Arrangements for international notification as per IAEA safety standards
o Evaluation: Recommendations:● Need to develop a formalized process for determining protective actions,based upon all available information, including plant status and fieldsurveys and including use of OILs
● Review requirements for the emergency planning zones (UPZ, PAZ, EPD
and ICPD) consistent with IAEA safety standards● Detailed evacuation plans for the construction population, andprocedures for reception center operations to be established● All stakeholders should expedite the completion of relevant emergency
plans and procedures, test them and fully implement them prior to theexercise scheduled before fuel receipt (February 2016)
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IAEA Workshop on “Capability in the Review/Assessmentof Preventive & Mitigative SEOPs and SAMGs, Feb. 2016
ENEC Presentation on UAE Symptom Based Emergency Operatingprocedures (SEOPs) and Severe Accident Management Guidelines(SAMGs)”,

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4.2 Human Resource Development at FANR
FANR Career Path Development Framework

Source: FANR

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Young Professional Development Program
FANR Newsletter Issue 11 February 2016

Source: FANR

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FANR Experienced Professional Program

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4.3 International Cooperation – IAEA Missions andWorkshops in UAE
UAE Policy emphasizes working directly with
IAEA and responsible nations
The UAE has added to its existing
international agreements by:o Signing an additional protocol to thesafeguards agreement with the IAEA;o Becoming a party to:• Convention on the Physical Protection of
Nuclear Material;• Convention on Nuclear Safety;• Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent
Fuel Management and the Safety ofRadioactive Waste Management

Source: FANR presentation

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IAEA Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review – INIR
(Visited UAE in Jan. 2011) The UAE, ENEC, FANR and MoFA, the parties most directly
involved in the INIR program, found the process to be avaluable, comprehensive and methodical way to ensurethat the country was fulfilling its commitments andrequirements as outlined in the IAEA’s Milestones approachto implementing a nuclear power program The value derived is due in no small part to the fact that the
UAE relied extensively upon the Milestones Approach as it
developed its Roadmap for Success, the extensive
document that laid out the path the UAE would take toimplement peaceful, civil nuclear power.
 The mission team recognized that the UAE infrastructure is
progressing rapidly and is well advanced. The Team also
made some recommendations supporting the on-goingdevelopment of the program.
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IAEA Integrated Regulatory Review Service IRRS
(Visited UAE in Dec. 2011) The UAE opted for a full scope mission, which covers all
the 10 core modules
 In addition, the UAE decided to have three additional
Modules covering Medical exposure control Occupational exposure control, and Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources Plus three policy discussions
 Response to the Fukushima accident Capacity building and sustainability
 Regulatory body in the country of origin
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Other IAEA Review Service Missions UAE Received(In addition to INIR, IRRS & EPREV)o SEED Mission (Nov. 2011)
Site and External Event Design Review Service Missiono INSSP Mission (Sep. 2012)
International Nuclear Security Support Plano ISSAS Mission (May 2014)
IAEA Safeguards Advisory Service
o ORPAS Mission (Nov. 2015)
Occupational Radiation Protection Appraisal Service
o IPPAS Mission (Nov. 2015)
International Physical Protection Advisory Serviceo EduTA Mission (Feb. 2017)
IAEA mission to appraise the education and training
provisions and infrastructure in radiation protection
and the safety of radiation sources in the UAE
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FANR Participation in MDEP

Source: The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)

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5. Summary of Progress in the UAE Nuclear Program
Nuclear Power Type and Construction Start Day

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Construction Status of Barakah Units 1 to 4 (as of May 2018)

Source: ENEC (Emirates Nuclear energy Corporation ,the entity responsible for the deployment, ownership andS3-46
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Remaining Critical Areas for Unit 1 Fuel Load andUpdated Unit 1 Schedule
Critical Areas

2

Resolution of Tech
Issues Found at PreOperational Test
English Proficiencyof Operator

3

Maintenance4

Operational Focus

5

Security

6

Operating Licence
Approval

1

Details of Critical Areas

Resolving Outstanding Technical Issues such as Pilot Operated
Safety Relieve Valve Issue, Battery Issue, Safety-related Pump
Margins, etc.
Training to attain required level, effective communication andsafe operations , etc.
Conclusion (Sign) of Long-Term Maintenance Agreement andContracts, and Delivery of All Maintenance & Engineering
programs, Processes and Procedures
Resolving Operational Issues Identified on: Operator WorkManagement & Clearance Process, Operation Programs &Procedures, Surveillance & Periodic testing, Plant
Configuration Control, etc.
Delivery of Physical Protection System, Set-up and Operationof Security/Operations Interface, and Implementation ofCyber Security Measures
Completion of FANR Inspection Activities, Demonstration ofIntegrated Operational Readiness, and FANR Issue (Approval)of Operating Licence
Update Milestone Dates

Fuel Load

Commercial Operation

May 2020

September 2021

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Overall Summary

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