Promoting Trade in Services
by SMEs and Women Entrepreneurs
APEC STUDY CENTER JAPAN1

Moderators

Prof. Patrick Charlton
Professor, AlgonquinCollege of Applied Arts
and Technology(Canada)Prof. Jaswinder Kaur
Professor, AlgonquinCollege of Applied Arts
and Technology(Canada)Ms. Clarecia Christie
International Trade
Expert, Global Compass
Consulting Services
Incorporated (Canada)

Ms. Sophia Vaz
Virtual Assistant,
Technical Lead
(Canada)• 10:00-10:15 Opening Remarks andIntroduction• 10:15-11:00 Session 1: Use of Emerging

AgendaDigital Services for Promoting Cross-Border
Business by SMEs

• 11:00-11:45 Session 2: Trade in Services by
Women Entrepreneurs• 11:45-12:15 Session 3: Policy Measures
and Regulatory Practices• 12:15-12:30 Summarizing and Closing
Notes

Opening Remarks
Ms. Naoko Ueda
Director, APEC Division, Economic Affairs Bureau,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
Professional Career

Education• 1987 BA, International Relations andLegal Studies, Faculty of Law,
Sophia University, Japan• 1990 MA, Political Science
Department, University ofPennsylvania, United States• 2003 MA, Development Economics,
GRIPS/FASID, Japan• 2019 July – Present Director, APEC Division, Economic Affairs
Bureau Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), Japan• 2016 – 2019 Deputy Director, OECD Secretariat (OECD
Development Centre), Paris, France• 2014 – 2016 Permanent Representative of Japan to the ICAO
(International Civil Aviation Organization), Montreal, Canada• 2011 July - 2014 Principal Deputy Director, Climate Change
Division, International Cooperation Bureau, MOFA, Japan• 2011 April – July Senior Negotiator, Climate Change Division,
International Cooperation Bureau, MOFA, Japan• 2007 – 2011 Senior Policy Analyst, OECD Secretariat(Heiligendamm Dialogue Support Unit, Partnership for Democratic
Governance), Paris, FranceMinistry of Foreign Affairs, Japan

Workshop on Promoting Trade in Services
by SMEs and Women Entrepreneurs:
APEC and Services Trade Agenda
UEDA Naoko
Director, APEC Division, Economic Affairs Bureau
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, JapanAPEC Group on Services➢ The Group on Services (GOS) was established toaddress trade and investment liberalization andfacilitation tasks in the area of services.

Key initiative➢ APEC Services Competitiveness Roadmap was

adopted by Leaders in 2016 with the adoption of aconcerted set of actions and mutually agreed
targets to be achieved by 2025.

APEC Services Competitiveness Roadmap(2016-2025)
TargetsEnsuring an open and predictable environment for access to services
markets by progressively reducing restrictions to services trade andinvestment;

Increasing the share (%) of services exports from APEC economies inthe total world services exports so that it exceeds the current share inworld services exports by 2025;



Increasing trade in services in the APEC region so that, by 2025, thecompound average annual growth rate exceeds the historic average of
6.8 per cent and the share (%) of value-added of the services sector in
the total GDP of the APEC region exceeds the global average level by2025.

APEC Services Competitiveness Roadmap(2016-2025)
Enabling Factors(among others…)
 Ensuring an adequate supply of skills in a rapidlychanging economy, helping workers adjust tochange and providing for increased participationin the workforce by such groups as women, youth,
Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)
and indigenous businesses

APEC Non-binding Principles for Domestic
Regulation of the Services Sector
 General Principles

 Administration of Measures Independence Transparency
 Technical Standards

 Development of Measures
 Other Areas

Workshop on Promoting Trade in Services
by SMEs and Women Entrepreneurs
 Promoting trade in services is one of the key

agendas of APEC.
 Digital Technologies are the key to enhancing

trade in services especially by SMEs and women
entrepreneurs.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan

Thank youand enjoy the workshop!
UEDA Naoko
Director, APEC Division, Economic Affairs Bureau
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan

Introductory Presentation

Mr. Hikari Ishido
Professor, Chiba University
and APEC Study Center
Japan Secretariat

Prof. Seiichi Igarashi
Professor, Chiba University
and APEC Study CenterJapanMr. Hikari Ishido
Professor, Chiba University and APEC Study Center Japan Secretariat“An overview of the completed (previous) research project on promoting trade in services by
SMEs and Women Entrepreneurs”

In the context of APEC, he often represents Japan as anexpert on formulating the Asia Pacific region’s trade andinvestment regime. He has given lectures at various
international organizations including the United Nations,
Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia
(ERIA) and the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council(PECC). He has published various journal articles as well
as book chapters centering on the theory and empirics ofinternational trade and investment. He serves as
Secretariat of the research network among Japanesescholars, APEC Study Center Japan (ASCJ).

Introduction: Promoting
Trade in Services by SMEs
and Women Entrepreneurs

Hikari Ishido(Professor, Chiba University,
APEC Study Center Japan
Secretariat)

Removal ofservice trade
restrictivenes
s with SMEs
and women
entrepreneursin focus

15

Structure ofservice trade
restrictivenessfor a service
sector and mode

16OnlineSurveyResults

Respondents who are not considering
foreign investment seem to have moreconcerns over their capacity andfamily matters.
As for the availability of funds, therespondents belonging to SMEs
(firms with the size of less than 100
workers) are more concerned about it.

17

Table. Average Scores of the Online Survey
Femaleplanning
foreignbusiness
expansion

Female notplanning
foreignbusiness
expansionMaleplanning
foreignbusiness
expansion

Male notplanning
foreignbusiness
expansion

Capacity

3.75

4.50

7.50

5.20

FamilyFunds
Safety of the Area
Restrictions on Foreign Entry

6.25
7.50
5.75
5.25

3.67
5.75
5.92
5.42

4.75
7.50
5.50
7.50

7.20
7.20
6.00
5.30

Restrictions to Movement of People

5.75

5.25

7.25

6.10

Other Discriminatory Measures

5.00

5.67

6.50

6.80

Barriers to Competition

5.25

6.00

6.75

7.00

Regulatory Transparency

6.75

6.00

7.75

6.40

Note: Average figures for effective respondents have been calculated for each category in the table.
Source: Online survey for this research.

18

Figure. Correspondence analysis of the survey results
1st axis X 2nd axis
0.3

Male planningforeign businessexpansion
Capacity

Family0.2

Funds

Female planning foreignbusiness expansion
Restrictions to Movement of People
Regulatory Transparency
0.1on Foreign Entry
Restrictions0

2nd axis

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Male not planning foreignbusiness expansion

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

Other Discriminatory Measures
Barriers to Competition

Female not planning foreign business expansion
Safety of the Area
-0.4
1st axis19• When viewed from the combination of individual-level questions and policy-level
questions, following are the main findings.
• As for the category “Females not planning foreign business expansion”, thethree policy categories, “Barriers to competition”, “Other discriminatory
measures” and “Safety of the area” are their main concerns, rather than
individual-level concerns (e.g., Family).
• Concerning “Females planning foreign business expansion”, the two individuallevel items “Funds”, and “Family”, as well as “Restrictions to Movement ofpeople” at the policy-level are the main concerns. On “Male not planning foreignbusiness expansion”, No closely associated components are observed.
• Regarding “Males planning foreign business expansion”, “Capacity” (at theindividual level) as well as “Restrictions on foreign entry” (at the policy level) are
the main concerns in considering their business expansion abroad.
20

Average scores of the online survey responses
by the size of companies andby intention of foreign investment(barriers against foreign business expansion
in terms of individual factors)
Capacity

FamilyFunds

Safety of
the Area

Total

6.14

6.43

7.23

6.43

Size of less than 100 workers: considering
foreign investment

7.00

7.00

7.00

4.67

Size of less than 100 workers: notconsidering
foreign investment

8.50

8.50

10.00

4.50

Size equal to or more than 100 workers:
considering foreign investment

4.50

5.00

7.00

8.50

Size equal to or more than 100 workers:
not considering
Foreign investment

5.57

6.00

6.57

7.14
21

Average scores of the online survey responses by size of thecompanies and by intention of foreign investment (barriers against
foreign business expansion in terms of policy factors)
Restrictions on Restrictions
Other
Barriers toRegulatory
Foreign Entry to Movement Discriminatory Competition Transparencof People
Measures
y
Total

5.79

6.36

6.07

6.79

7.57

Size of less than 100
workers: considering
foreign investment

4.33

5.67

5.00

5.00

6.33

Size of less than 100
workers: not considering
foreign investment

6.00

6.00

6.00

7.00

7.00

Size equal to or more than
100 workers: considering
foreign investment

9.00

8.00

6.50

9.00

8.50

Size equal to or more than
100 workers: notconsidering foreign
investment

5.43

6.29

6.43

6.86

8.00

22
Source: Original online survey for this research project.

*Those respondents who are not considering foreign
investment seem to have more concerns over theircapacity and family matters.
*As for the availability of funds, the respondents
belonging to SMEs (firms with the size of less than 100
workers) are more concerned about it, while those withlarger firms are not so much concerned about it.

*“Safety of the area” for foreign investment is not a big
hurdle for those respondents who are not considering
investment.
23

Average scores of the online survey responses by size ofthe companies (barriers against foreign business expansion
in terms of policy factors)
Capacity Family Funds

Safetyof the
Area

Total

6.14

6.43

7.23

6.43

Size of less than 100 workers

7.60

7.60

8.50

4.60

Size equal to or more than
100 workers

5.33

5.78

6.67

7.44

Source: Original online survey for this research project.

24Average scores of the online survey responses by size ofthe companies (barriers against foreign business expansion
in terms of individual factors)
Restrictions
on Foreign
Entry

Restrictions
Other
to Movement Discriminatoryof People
Measures

Barriers toCompetition

Regulatory
Transparency

Total

5.79

6.36

6.07

6.79

7.57

Size of lessthan 100
workers

5.00

5.80

5.40

5.80

6.60

Size equal toor more than
100 workers

6.22

6.67

6.44

7.33

8.11

Source: Original online survey for this research project.
25

Average scores of the online survey responses(total of all responses)

All responses
total

Capacity

FamilyFunds

Safety of the
Area

5.19

5.34

6.68

5.75

Restriction Restriction
Other
Barriers to Regulatory
s on
s to
Discriminator Competitio Transparency
Foreign
Movement y Measuresn
Entryof People
All
responses
total

5.50

5.81

5.91

6.22

Source: Original online survey for this research project.

6.44

26

Power of digitalization for promoting SMEs’ and
Women Entrepreneurs’ participation in services trade27

Prof. Seiichi Igarashi
Chiba University"Digital Commons and SMEs and Women Entrepreneurs"
He specializes in international relations and Asian studies. His recent
research focuses on civil society in regionalism, and he isundertaking a study in the Mekong region.

His most recent books include the following:•
From Mekong Common to Mekong Community: An Interdisciplinary
Approach to Transboundary Challenges (co-authored and coedited, Routledge, 2021).
•
Connecting the Local and the World (co-edited, Iwanami Shoten,2020).
•
Multi-Layered Sub-Regions and New Regional Architecture in East
Asia (co-authored and co-edited, Keiso Shobo, 2020).
•
Peace Studies from the Periphery: A New Perspective toward Asia
(co-authored, Showado, 2019).

Workshop on Promoting Trade in Services
by SMEs and Women Entrepreneurs

Digital Commons and SMEs and Women Entrepreneurs

Seiichi Igarashi

Chiba University

Graduate School of Social Sciences

29

Introduction: From Mekong Commons to Mekong
Community—Toward a Synergetic Study Seiichi
Igarashi
1. Innovation and Technological Connectivity in the
Mekong Region Sudam Pawar
2. Public Health and Health Literacy in the Mekong
Region Chanuantong Tanasugarn
3. Traditional Medicine in the Mekong Region Nara Oda
4. The Impact of Road Development on HIV/AIDS
Transmission in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region Liwa
Pardthaisong
5. Green Freight and Logistics in the Mekong Region Sanga Sattanun
6. Advanced Agricultural Technologies and Innovationsin the Mekong Region: DNA Markers, Plant Tissue
Culture, Hydroponics, and Plant Factories Chalermpol
Kirdmanee and Michiko Takagaki
7. Dissemination of a Water-Saving Irrigation Techniquefor Sustainable Rice Farming in the Mekong River Basin
Takayoshi Yamaguchi and Luu Minh Tuan
8. Regional Cooperation on Water Resources in the
Mekong Region: A Perspective from the Mekong River
Commission Masashi Yokota
9. Labor Migration and Civil Society in the Mekong
Region Seiichi Igarashi and Hari Prasad Ghimire
10. Anti-Human Trafficking Measures for Human
Security in the Mekong Region Yuko Shimazaki
11. Counterfeiting in the Mekong Region: A General
Equilibrium, Product Variety Analysis on PrimaryMarkets Toshihiro Atsumi
Conclusion Seiichi Igarashi

30What is the Commons?
• From Mekong Commons to Mekong Community• Commons=essential

concept in examining,
imagining and constructing the Mekong Community.
• Our definition：‘‘some shared resource/domain
and some good/service whose overuse, underuse,
and undersupply should be avoided otherwise acommunity will lose or cannot enjoy it’’• can be used in a lot of fields, disciplines, andpolicies
31

Digital Technology Commons• classified as Artificial and Intangible commons• main challenges → underuse and lack of access• positive resonance→encouraging various stakeholders to implement
supportive policies for SMEs and women entrepreneurs
Type

NaturalTangible
Artificial

ExamplesForests, rivers, oceans, Antarctica

OveruseRoads, bridges, airports, facilities

OveruseIntangible Knowledge, information, technology

Human
Value/norm

Problem(s)Employees, workers, researchers

Underuse, lack ofaccessOveruse, underuse

Peace, equality, health, free trade, Undersupply
environmental sustainability

32

Some Practices in the Mekong
Region• Mekong Institute• The only intergovernmental organization in the Mekong
region• trying to promote trade/investment by providing support to
SMEs, especially in the area of technological innovation• National Center for Genetic Engineering andBiotechnology (BIOTEC)• A leading biotechnology research institute in the Mekong

region• implementing a program to introduce tissue culture
technology to SMEs
33

APEC and Commons• SMEs/Women Entrepreneurs and COVOD-19• Most vulnerable to economic shocks caused by COVID-19• consumers are changing their behaviors and flocking online• need adaptation more than ever by using digital technology and needhelp from all quarters.

• APEC Community and Commons• APEC Putrajaya Vision 2040→"an open, dynamic, resilient andpeaceful Asia-Pacific community by• The concept of community→affinity with the concept of commons• Community―various goods, resources, and services are discussed
for the common interest
34

Session 1: Use Of Emerging Digital Services
For Promoting Cross-border Business

Mr. Satoru Someya
Managing Director,
Head of CEO's Office
TradeWaltz (Japan)

Ms.Tamey McIntosh
Co-founder and Chief
Operating Officer at
Braiyt AI, Inc (Canada)

Ms. Marie Sherylyn
D. Aquia
Department of Tradeand Industry (Philippines)

Mr. Satoru Someya
Managing Director, Head of CEO's Office TradeWaltz (Japan)“Digital Trade Infrastructure “TradeWaltz” - Encouraging SMEs to Access Global Trade”

He started his career at Mitsubishi Corporation in2010. He has engaged in projects for global trading
systems and supported launching a trading
subsidiary. He also has work experience as abridge engineer in India and an investor in digital
startups. In recent years, he has been assigned for
digital transformation in business industries at theheadquarter of Mitsubishi Corporation and sent toTradeWaltz Inc as a Managing Director in 2020.

APEC STUDY CENTER JAPANPromoting Trade in Services by SMEs
and Women Entrepreneurs

Session 1: Use of Emerging Digital Services for
Promoting Cross-Border Business by SMEs

Digital Trade Infrastructure “TradeWaltz”～encouraging SMEs to access global trade～
Oct 1st , 2021
2021
TradeWaltz
Inc.
© 2020©
NTT
DATA
Corporation

IssueGlobal Trade entails so much difficulty for SMEs
• In international trade, many business-to-business(B2B) exchanges are still paper or PDF based, and a great dealof time is spent on retyping data and other manual works. This is a huge hassle for SMEs because

1

AS IS
Economy A

Cargo
OwnersTake Time ： 72 h o u r s / imp o rt& exp o rt i n J a p a n* 2 3 5 h o u r s i n A S E A N , 111 t i m e s l o n g e r t h a n t h e E U ( d i g i t a l i z e d )Ref) World Bank Research

Logistic
companies

Banks

Insurancecompanies

2

Analog work Cost ： U SD 342 /tra de i n J a p a nRef) World Bank Research

3

Need big office and warehouse
To e x e c u t e p a p e r w o r k s a n d s t o r e p a p e r d o c u m e n t sRef) ASEAN-BAC focal meeting

Cargo
Owners

Logistic
companies

Economy B© 2020 NTT DATA Corporation

Banks

Insurancecompanies

4

Need special knowledge
To p r o c e s s c o m p l e x a p p l i c a t i o n s i n t r a d e p r o c e d u r e s
R e f ) J a p a n M a c h i n e r y C e n t e r f o r Tr a d e a n d I n v e s t m e n t3838

IssueRef) Voice from a young Japanese entrepreneur in trade businessWe have started our own business toexport our wonderful local products tooverseas, but the work is too muchfor a few staff to do and we are
currently only helping a large
company.

Marie Wakino, CEO of Climbest
Local SME from Kagoshima-prefecture, Japan© 2020 NTT DATA Corporation

39

39

Solution

TradeWaltz is a B2B communication DX platform to solve• TradeWaltz is a cross-industrial business to business (B2B) trade platform utilizing blockchain technology andencouraging SMEs to access global trade, because

1

TO BE
Economy A

Cargo
OwnersCut Time ： 44% i n J a p a n*60% in ASEAN economies

Logistic
companies

Banks

Insurancecompanies2Ref) PoC results in 2018 2019

Cut analog work Cost ： 44% i n J a p a nRef) PoC results in 2018-2019

Powered with blockchain

3

Don’t need office and warehouse
Tr a d e o p e r at i ons c a n b e c a r r i ed o u t r e m o t el y wi t h a P C a n d t h e
Internet.
Ref) ASEAN-BAC focal meeting

Cargo
Owners

Logistic
companies

Economy B© 2020 NTT DATA Corporation

Banks

Insurancecompanies

4

Don’t need special knowledge
Compliance check and applications will be followed by system
R e f ) Tr a d e Wa l t z d e v e l o p m e n t r o a d m a p
40

40

Solution

TradeWaltz’s feature： All in One

1 Cross Industrial Platform

2 Wide coverage of documents
Structured documents (NOT PDF) on the platform

Players:

Exporter

Negotiation
Bank

Issuing
Bank

Importer

Letter of
CreditInvoiceInsurance
Company

Forwarder

CarrierC/O provider

ExportPermitCertificate ofOriginSea Way Bill

Packing list

Bill of
Exchange

Insurance
PolicyShipping
Instruction

And attachment files (PDF etc.)

3Creation of ecosystem
Collaborate with other PFs and utilize the accumulated data to create new business ecosystem.
41

Traction

Cross Industrial Consortium since 2017 for trade digitalization
Big Participating Companies(as of March. 2020)

MUFG Bank, Ltd.

Banks

Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation
Mizuho Financial Group, Inc./Mizuho Bank, Ltd.

Insurance
Companies

Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
Sompo Japan Nipponkoa Insurance Inc.
Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Company, Ltd.
Sumitomo Corporation

Activities (2017)•••

Identification and sharing of cross industrial business issues
Created TradeWaltz prototype
Proof of concept with NTP Singapore

Activities (2018)•••

Mitsubishi Corporation
Sojitz Corporation

Cargo Owners

Toyota Tsusho Corporation

PoC results：44-60% efficiency improvement

Research on AI and semantic technology for L/C document check
Proof of concept in Japan and Thailand
Research on relevant laws (MLETR) and submission of written request
to government agencies

Activities (2019)

Thailand set digital trade as ASEAN agenda

Marubeni Corporation
Itochu Corporation
Kanematsu Corporation••

Release of pilot version
Trial deployment in Thailand involving 24 companies

Mitsui & Co., Ltd.
Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha, Ltd.

Carriers /Logistics
Companies

Nippon Express Co., Ltd.
Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha
Ocean Network Express Pte. Ltd.

Secretariat

NTT DATA (Blockchain Expert)

Activities (2020)••

Announcement in World Economic Forum 2020 sideline event
Started commercialization
Co-invested partners

42

Traction

Supporting ASEAN Economies’ Trade Consortium launch（Thailand and Viet Nam）
• Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan proposed trade digitalization initiative to Viet Nam in 2020and started consortium development activities in Viet Nam.
Bilateral PoC
completedbetween NTTData
PoC Platform
and NTP2017
Japan
Consortium

2018
ThailandConsortium

2021
Viet Nam
Consortium

New Entity(NDTP)New Entity●

Infrastructure for sharing data with blockchain
Node Company

Node Company

Node Company

Node Company

We need interoperability between ASEAN and JAPAN Platforms
ASEAN-BAC (Business Advisory Committee)
RDTC(Regional Digital Trade Connectivity)43Traction
Concept co-released on May 11th in APEC workshop：Connecting 5 APEC
economies’ platforms in 2022
• We co-released live-link concept with the trade platforms of 5 economies, Japan, New Zealand, Australia,
Singapore and Thailand.
• We aim to materialize this future collaboration and announce the result by 2022 APEC.
Illustrativefrom Japan

National Digital
Trade Platform(“NDTP”)
from Thailand

from Singapore
from New Zealandand Australia
44

Traction for SMEs
We just completed SME’s PoC (Japan-Chinese Taipei) utilizing TradeWaltz in
September

Tatami Producer Warehouse

Port

Local SME in Japan（Climbest）

Local forwarderin JapanUtilize

distributer

Store

Local forwarder in
Chinese Taipei

Check efficiency improvement(Time & Cost)

Create PoC’s movie for APEC events45

Traction for SMEs – PoC video（https://youtu.be/i5GIsiq563o）

46

Future Plan
By creating easy way to use TradeWaltz for SMEs, we will encourage SMEs toaccess global trade
Fee programfor SMEs
Application support
for SMEs
Acceleration programfor SMEs

Economy A

Tradesupporters

Logistic
companies

SMEs

Banks

Insurancecompanies

Powered with blockchainTradesupporters

Logistic
companies

Banks

Insurancecompanies

Economy B

47

Acknowledgements
Thank you for listening and please feel free tocontact us if you have any query about
・ Our service and other trade platform services
・ Consortium activities in ASEAN
・ Government Relationship・ Movement of law revision
・ International standard setting activity
・ SME’s PoC, etc.

Satoru Someya
Managing Director- H e a d o f C E O ’s o ff i c e- Head of Global & Alliance business dept
Tr a d e Wa l t z I n c

info@tradewaltz.com

48Appendix49

As you know… DX market is emerging

Global DX market size is reaching 127 trillion JPY in 2019.
Growing by 20% each year and may be accelerated by COVID-19.

Region-wise DX market size(2019｜trillion JPY*)

Expected market growth(Global｜trillion JPY*)

387.8

Others
11.8(9.3%)

Japan
8.8(6.9%)
Asia

14.9(11.7%)

US

Total
market size

40.7
(32.0%)

Europe

322.1

267.6
222.2

127

184.6
153.3

trillion JPY
25.3(19.9%)+20.4% per year

127.3

25.7
(20.2%)
China
2019*Calculated as 107.9JPY/USD
Ref：IDC『Worldwide Semiannual Digital Transformation Spending Guide』

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

50

2025

Our targeting issue 1) Operation efficiency, speed• Japan and ASIA respectively take 34 and 111 times more man-hours than EU to process trade transactions.
• EU is going forward at the point of regulation and digitalization.
Time Spent on Trade Transactions (unit: hour)
No.1:France,Italy etc.
No.26:OECD high income

1 0 1 092Time to import: Documentary

3 2 13 27

Time to export: DocumentaryTime to import: BorderTime to export: Border

X34
No.57:Japan

3 40 2 27 72

No.53:Europe & Central Asia

23 20 25 16 85

No.106:Latin America & Caribbean

43

No.103:East Asia & Pacific54

No.117:Middle East & North Africa

56

36
68

73

55
56

94

No.109:South Asia

94

No.116:Indonesia

106

99

No.140:Sub-Saharan Africa

96

126

86

190
58

235

66

53
74

X111
286
53

61

56
72

307
322
97

391
Ref：Trading across Borders(THE WORLD BANK)

51

Our targeting issue 2) Paper-work cost
• The market size of the issue in Japan is about 244.3-295 billion JPY per year for the cost of maritime cargotrade procedures.
Market size of this businessQuotations for seaborne trade in goods 3)

The market size of this project is approximately 244.3-295 billion
yen, which is the cost of ocean freight trade procedures and paper
handling.
Market Size

Costs associated with sea freight trade procedures1)

244.3-295
billion yen

295 billion yen

Export

The number of sea freight trade transactions has beensteadily increasing at a CAGR of 1.8%.

千件

x1000
9,000

116 billion yen

8,000

Import7,000

179 billion yen

CAGR
1.8%
3,754
3,534 3,615
3,568 3,400 3,443
3,504 3,426 3,522

6,000

Costs associated with paper handling of ocean freight trade 2)

244.3
billion yen

man-hours for paper
handling

20,361 persons

Trade quotations
per year
8 million

Time for paper
handling per
trade
5.3hours

5,000

3,060

4,000
3,000
2,000

4,135 4,224 4,233 4,203 4,043 4,088 4,213 4,262
3,646 4,016

1,000

Cost per person

Annual working hours
per person

12 million yen

2,080hours

0

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Import輸入 輸出 Export
1) Calculated based on the World Bank Group's "Doing Business-Trading Across Borders".
2) Calculated based on empirical data.
3) Based on the number of import/export licenses provided by NACCS. 97% or more of all trade transactions since 2009 have been conducted through NACCS.

2015

2016

2017

52

2018

Our targeting issue 3) Needs of remote work in COVID-19• Due to many tasks that still require paperwork, trade employees in Japan need to come to the office 1-2 times aweek even during the spread of COVID-19.
• EU is going forward at the point of rules and digitalization.
Changes in personal behavior

Stagnation of economic activities

Supply Chain Disruption
Shortage of essential goods

Social DistanceWork From Home

By moving from a paper-based trade document to one that is digitalized, ASEAN enjoy major
benefits such as reduced face-to-face operation, avoid supply chain disruption.

Issue

Solution by Digital

Make trade procedures easy,anytime, anywhere – non face toface operation

Analogue & Paper
based operation withpersonnel

Digitized operation withhandled remotely

Make it easy to find alternatives
to trading partnersStrengthening Supply Chain

The supply chain breaksat the export source

Continuing the Supply
Chain by finding
alternative suppliers

Ref：ASEAN-BAC focal point meeting 2020(Trade Digitalization)

53

Our targeting issue 4) Other trade issues
Import/Export

Customs
Regulations• Complexity of, and delay during the procedures• Differences in requirements for issuance of certificates by persons incharge (Preferential Certificate of Origin, etc.）• Lack of clarity around import-related risk management laws,
etc.

Repetitive and • Notices and letters unable to be posted all at once, due to time lags
and the limited timeframes they are given to be on the board
Inefficient
Administrative • New regulatory standards and applications being vague• Demand for a bribe,
etc.
Procedures

Remittances• Complexity of procedures (i.e. being required to attach documents that are
not necessary for the transaction)• Overseas remittance by companies with accumulated deficits not being
allowed• Restrictions on foreign currency borrowing and use• High overseas remittance fee,etc.

Import/Export •Regulations & •Customs•
Duties•OthersCan beeliminated byelectronictransactions

•
•
•
•

High import/export duties
Safeguard
Lack of transparency in tariff system and suspension of exports
Various import regulations (e.g. used machinery, etc.),

etc.

Restrictions on entry by foreign companies, shortage of relevant industries
Intellectual property management
Employment system
Land ownership restrictions,etc.

Requiregovernmental
support

Ref：Japan Machinery Center for Trade and Investment

54

Proved benefits in Japan
Benefits of TradeWaltz were
examined in the proof of concept(PoC) conducted in 2017.

Importer②Open L/C

⑪shipment
document, B/E

TradeWaltz

L/C issuing bank
③L/C
(MT700)

Scenario of PoC

Share information③L/C

Insurancecompany④Insurance apply（copy of L/C,I/V)⑨
Shipment document （L/C ,I/V ,P/L ,B/L or
SWB, I/P）, B/E

Exporter
⑥
I/V
P/L
S/I

⑦E/P

⑦E/P

E/P
CLP

L/C

I/V

P/L

B/L
SWB

I/P

S/I

E/P

B/E

C/O

⑧B/L or SWB

Blockchain
Shipper

Forwarder⑦I/V,E/D

Certificate
Issuing system

⑦’C/O

⑤I/P

Customs⑥’C/O apply

API

L/C: Letter of Credit
I/V: Invoice
P/L: Packing list
S/I: Shipping Instructions
I/P: Insurance Policy
C/O: Certificate of Origin
E/D: Export Declaration
E/P: Export Permission
CLP: Container Load Plan
D/R: Dock Receipt
B/L: Bill of Landing
SWB: Sea Waybill
B/E: Bill of Exchange⑩Settlement

Negotiation bank

①I/V

Exceptional⑩Shipment
document, B/E

D/R
D/R

Container yard55

Built TradeWaltz platform prototype• We created the TradeWaltz platform prototype using blockchain(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_-d9DBM0CQ)

56

Built TradeWaltz platform prototype: Business variation• TradeWaltz will expand its business by providing new value-added services and involving 3rd parties to create
an ecosystem which will continuously deliver profitable, attractive and innovative services.

Efficiency of trade operations

New business ecosystems

Collaboration with 3rd Party
Services

Option Services
Open API connectivity
Basic Services

Accumulated trade
data

57

Built TradeWaltz platform prototype: Business variation• TradeWaltz will provide a series of services to improve operational efficiency, aggregate the related data, andexpand business opportunities in trade.
Value achieved by TradeWaltz

Operation
Efficiency• Labor saving in tradeoperations• Lead time reduction• Reducing errors throughrulemaking and automation

Means to realize value• 100%-digitized trade
documents• Standardization andstructuring of information• Rapid information sharing

Data
Aggregationandcentralization• Visualizing the status oftransactions• Facilitating and digitizing
decision-making• Various information andseller/buyer matching• Dashboarding• Digital workflow• Automation of reconciliation,etc.

Expansionof business
opportunities• Improving trade sales• Application of preferential
tariffs in accordance with thetreaty• Launching new services andbusinesses in the ecosystem• Support for compliance withlaws and treaties• External service connection• Providing a development
environment on theecosystem / supporting
service development

Service examples
Export Documentation Service
Document Storage Service

User
All Trade
Players

NSW Linkage Service

Shippers
Shipping Companies
FWD

Reconciliation statement
information provision service

Shipper

Advanced trade document
checking service

All Trade Players

Logistics information linkage
service

Shipping Companies
FWD

Trade finance service

Shipper

Self-certification of origin
support service

Shipper

eB/L Service

Shipping Companies
Shipper

Booking service

Shipper58

Proved benefits in Japan
Based on the result of the cross-industrial PoC, TradeWaltz was confirmed that it contributes to the improvement ofoperational efficiency and the cost reduction effect.
Industries

Cargo owners

Procedures

Operational Efficiency/ Cost Saving

C/O application

60+% Time saving for creating document by pulling data of I/V

Apply for negotiationof documentary bill

60+% Time saving for confirming the integrity of documents by check function

Negotiate documentary bill

60+% Time saving for confirming the integrity of documents by check function

Banks
Deliver documentary bill

30 to 60% Time saving for delivering documents to customers
30 to 60% Cost saving for managing original documents

Insurance
Companies

Issue insurance policy

Carriers/
Logistic Companies

Issue SWB (B/L)

60+% Time saving for creating I/P by pulling data of L/Csaving for delivering・managing documents by paperless and60+% Costcollection cost when revising I/P

60+% Reduction of B/L operation by paperless of SWB(B/L)
59

Proved benefits in Japan and ASEAN
Other Proof of Concepts have also been conducted with Singapore and Thailand. With Singapore, it was
confirmed that NTTData has interoperability with Singapore platform. With Thailand, the introduction ofTradeWaltz proved over 50% of operational efficiency improvement and accelerate remote work.
Proof of concept with Singapore NTP (2017-2019)
Singapore customs
Trade Platform(TradeWaltz)
I/V

I/V
S/I

SWB

Corporate systems①PrintStakeholders in Japan

Japan

Thailand

NTP

P/O

S/I

Proof of concept with Thailand (2019-2019)

P/O
SWB

Customs service providers

Corporate systems②Mail or post

National Single Window

National single window③Manual input

Stakeholders in Singapore

Proved Interoperability Between Platforms

POC
P/

Trade platformO

I/
V

SW
B

Stakeholders in Japan

Application service providers
P/
O

I/
V

SW
B

Stakeholders in Thailand

Proved over 50% Operational Efficiency improvement in Stakeholders
and accelerate remote work

60

The number of digital trade PFs is increasing
Same as in Europe & US, Trade PF initiatives are gaining momentum in Asia.
ASEAN is aiming for a “leapfrogging” to DX.
Bay Area
Platform① Asia・USA・EU・
Middle East・
Africa② Marine③ Logistics

当社貿易PF① China② Banks③ Trade Finance① EU② Banks③ Finance① Republic of Korea② Government③ Finance・
Logistics・
Customs

RDTC(Regional Digital Trade
Connectivity)
Initiative in ASEAN

So many Trade Platforms
Note
Private initiative
Government initiative①Main market②Promoter③Main function(ASIS)① Asia (planned)② cross-industrial③ Digitalization・
Finance

NDTP① EU・
Middle East
② Banks③ Trade Finance① EU② Banks③ Trade FinanceLed by private sector in US & Europe① Singapore② Government③ Finance・
Logistics・
Customs① Thailand② JSCCIB③ Digitalization・
Finance① Hong Kong, China② Government③ Trade FinanceLed by public sector in Asia

61

Thailand, 2019 Chair of ASEAN, started considering with TradeWaltz support• JSCCIB Thailand takes the lead to drive forward the NDTP.
• (JSCCIB：Joint Standing Committee of Commerce,
Industry and Banking.)

JSCCIB’s hierarchy in NDTP consideration

JSCCIB organization Structure

Thai Bank
Association

Thai Chamber ofCommerce

The Federation ofThai Industries

JSCCIBThe project started around 2018.
Domestic agenda by the Thai government in 2019.

Consultant

Business
Requirement
Working

Technical
Working

Legal Working

NTT DATA(TradeWaltz) cooperates with JSCCIB totest the effectiveness of having a B2B trade platform in
2019.

62

Considered Hybrid data model for security
Economy Y
Company B

Economy X
Company A
Registration of trade documents
Share with B

Reference to trade documents
API

API

BC
Store thecontrol
info (hash)_____________________

Save content
separately

BC

Peer

Peer

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

S3_____________________________________________________________________________________________BC_______________________________________________________________

Distributed database

Economy Coverage
Only Copyx Economy Node Operating Entities

API__________________________________________

Distributed database
Store thecontent
part

Ecnomy Z
Company C__________________________________________

S3__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Peer__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

×

Distributed database_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________y Economy Node Operating Entities
The data on the blockchain is only for the control
section (hash). It is not possible to refer to detailcontents of the documents
63Ex) suggesting blockchain-sharing model of TradeWaltz

TradeWaltz Structure
User
Interface
(UI)

or

VAS

API
VA
S

VAS Application Services layer
VAS

Core functions

Japan
1.
2.

Optional VAS
U/I

1. Requirement andspecification• Status check• Documents check etc.
2. APIs provision
3. Authority
1.
2.

ASEAN

Independent
business
Japan’suniqueservices

Independent
business

Commonservices（e.g. e-C/O）

ASEAN’suniqueservices

Access control
Docs accumulation andsharing

Blockchain

The accumulation and sharingof hash(control info) of
documents

Distributed data base (file system)

Store the original documents &share only with involved parties

Infrastructure

Expansion model

Infrastructure for sharing data withblockchain（Delivered from Japan to ASEAN）

Node and other development
environment

64

Thailand set digital trade as ASEAN agenda

65

PF’s interoperability (hybrid model) was mentioned at
the World Economic Forum 2020 sideline event66

We shall proceed further collaboration (like API linkage) with 20 other platformers(Exporter‘s, Importer’s, etc.) to build digital trade ecosystem in the world

Economy’s platforms
National Digital
Trade Platform(“NDTP”)

A
P
I
Exporter’s platform (UI)

API

API

Importer’s platform (UI)

Insurance company’s platform

API

API

Bank’s platform

API

Government custom platform

API

Shipping company’s platform

eC/O issuing platform

API

Logistic partner’s platform

API

Powered by Blockchain
Linked together by API© 2021 TradeWaltz Inc.

Ms. Tamey McIntosh
Co-founder and Chief Operating Officer at Braiyt AI, Inc (Canada)“Cross-Border Business by Entrepreneurs in Practice”

Innovative, customer-centric leader with 25
years of experience in both the private andpublic sectors. She has had a unique
career that has spanned a wide variety ofroles focused on business transformation,
management consulting, project
management, information technologies,
and now artificial intelligence.

Promoting Trade in Services by
SMEs and Women Entrepreneurs
Cross-Border Business by Entrepreneurs in Practiceby Tamey McIntosh

About BR[AI]TBR[AI]T is an Artificial Intelligence company that focuses on computer vision solutions. BR[AI]T currently
has two separate streams:

BR[AI]TVu a SaaS product that combines AI, computer vision with existing cameras to provide
businesses with real-time object detection and customer analytics without using personal data.

Security/defence solutions. Within this vertical BR[AI]T is currently working on a solution for
Canadian Department of National Defence - Object detection at Sea.

International Economies
BR[AI]T made a conscious decision to conduct business on an international scale. One of the main reasons is that different
economies have different levels of acceptance towards AI, allowing us to try various solutions where they will be accepted.

We’ve started by using our connections to identify potential clients and partners, this produced:●●

A proposal with an African economy that would use satellite imagery and our object recognition
A Vietnamese company that is piloting our automatic license plate reader

It’s important to mention here that above and beyond promoting trade we’ve found success ininternational talent.

Challenges

There are many challenges to international trade, such as laws, regulations, accounting and currency rates.
However, for us and perhaps many others the initial challenge is often a human one.

●

Language Barriers●

Cultural Differences●

The Physical Distance

●

Trust

Being a woman in a maledominated industry

Solutions
Language Barriers●

Be mindful and slow down●

Bring someone to the call who is a native speaker●

Send email after the call

Cultural Differences●

Research the culture before hand●

Ensure you have a good idea of what could beoffensive●

Be respectful

The Physical Distance●Technology (video, chat, whiteboards…)

Trust
●

Using connections●

Rapport●Understanding needs/Manage expectations

Being a woman in a male dominatedindustry (bringing a different perspective)

Thank you for your time.

Ms. Marie Sherylyn D. Aquia
Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)“Emerging Digital Services and the Boracay Action Agenda”
Chief of the Multilateral Relations Division of the Bureau ofInternational Trade Relations, Department of Trade andIndustry of the Philippines, where she heads the APEC andWTO sections. She was the coordinator for trade andinvestment issues during the APEC 2015 Chairmanship of
the Philippines, which saw the adoption of the Boracay
Action Agenda in May 2015 and the submission of a
MSME proposal in the WTO in September. Lyn waselected as Chairperson of the APEC Committee on Tradeand Investment in 2016 and 2017.

Marie Sherylyn D. Aquia
Department of Trade and Industry
The Philippines

A Perspective from the Final Review of the Boracay Action Agenda

Emerging Digital Services
and theBoracay Action Agenda

02

Boracay Action
Agenda: An
Overview

Taking Forward
the BAA Agenda

3

MSMEs and
Women
Entrepreneurs:
PH Context

Outline03
WTO Agenda on
MSMEs(2015)APEC Services
Cooperation
Framework(2015)
La Serena Roadmap
for Women and Inclusive
Growth(2019)

Summary of the BAA Review

04
EC
5.6
%

CTI
25.8
%

SCE
68.6
%

Recommendations

1

Promote a favorable regulatory andbusiness environment for MSMEs in
GVCs in services• Waiver of COs; implementation of selfcertification system and eCOs
• Commercially useful de minimis value• Policies to support e-commerce• Explore opportunities for clustering

205

effectuation
causation

Assist MSMEs to access the market,
available financing options, andcustomers by providing platforms
for logistics and services for
MSMEs• Supply chain financing and securedtransactions reform• Inclusive finance mechanisms(crowdfunding)3
4

Promote MSME competitiveness in thedigital age through capacity building
activities and collaboration with theprivate sector• Cooperate with private sector (ABAC)• Availability of next-generation online
technology

Business-friendly tools for MSMEs• APEC Services Trade Access
Requirements (STAR )Database• APEC Virtual Knowledge Centre
on Services (AVKCS)• APEC Trade Repository (APECTR)

Notable recommendations for capacity building that can support work
to encourage reforms in trade and investment, improve access tofinance and support MSMEs’ digitalization efforts:

06• Online capacity building portal featuring the use of small-scale ICT
devices for model electronic Certificates of Origin and customsrelated rules and regulations

Capacity Building
Opportunities• Capacity building on information portals providing services trade
information, including on services restrictiveness measures (i.e.
OECD STRI)• Use of crowdfunding and other financing schemes to enable MSMEs
to strengthen their GVC participation• Adopting of new technology for ICT-based services trade• Build on the existing regional network of MSMEs and women
entrepreneurs to support enterprise creation and increases theinnovation capabilities of MSMEs• Understanding of the divergent constraints faced by male andfemale-led MSMEs in terms of self capacity for business activities,
coping with family matters, and funds availability• Seminars on securing the safety of investment area and promoting
fair competition through ICT-based technology (i.e. information oneVisa, eWorkPermit applications)

07

Services
One of the strongest
and fast-growing
sectors of the PH
economy

Women
Constitute more thanhalf of the populationof PH's more than 109
million people

E-commerce

In thePhilippines

Seen exponential
growth in recent years;
an equalizer for small
businesses

Providing an enabling environment

1

Philippines' Internet
Transactions Act(ITA)
Seeks to regulate commercial
transactions on the Internet toprotect both consumers andsellers from fraud and abuses2

United Nations
Electronic
Communications
Convention
Will allow signatories tofacilitate the use of electronic
communications ininternational contracts andstrengthen harmonization of ecommerce rules.
Ongoing ratification process.

3

eCommerce
Philippines 2022
Roadmap
Centers on market access,digitalization, and logistics
integration, and lays out theframework and strategic
directions by setting 22
strategies and 22 agenda
items for 2022

4

PH international
trade agreements
and international
discussions
Take advantage of
mechanisms to facilitate
digital trade, including on data
privacy and security, as well as
personal data protection08

Thank you!
DTI.Philippines@DTIPhilippines@DTI.Philippines
DTI.Philippines
09

Session 2: Trade in Services by
Women Entrepreneurs

Ms. Akemi Tsunagawa
Founder and CEO,Bespoke Inc. (Japan)

Dr. Sasiwimon Warunsiri
Paweenawat
Assistant Professor, Schoolof Economics, University of
the Thai Chamber ofCommerce (Thailand)Ms. Akemi Tsunagawa
Founder and CEO, Bespoke Inc. (Japan)“Use of AI Technology for Tourism and other Services”

Bespoke is known for its AI-Powered
Customer Engagement Platform for thetravel & hospitality industry to drive
ancillary sales and to help with crisis
management. Prior to Bespoke, Akemi
worked with Fidelity International, Deloitte,
and Macquarie Capital.

88Dr. Sasiwimon Warunsiri Paweenawat
Assistant Professor, School of Economics, University of the Thai
Chamber of Commerce (Thailand)“Women’s Economic Opportunities and Promotion of Trade in Services”

Her research interests include labor economics,
gender economics, and international economics.
Recently, she has focused on gender equality,
female labor supply, and the impact of global value
chains on labor market. Her research has been
published in peer-reviewed journals such as World
Development and Applied Economics.

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

Session 3: Policy Measures And Regulatory
Practices – Fireside Chat

Ms. Catherine O'Connell
Lawyer, Principal and Founder ofCatherine O'Connell Law,
Lawpreneur, Podcaster (New Zealand)Ms. Catherine O'Connell
Lawyer, Principal and Founder of Catherine O'Connell Law, Lawpreneur, Podcaster (New Zealand)“A Lawyer’s Perspective on the Promotion of Cross-Border Service Business”

Her business experience includes promoting legal
services to SMEs and women entrepreneurs, legal
support for launching businesses/services inJapan, post-acquisition integration of legal systems
and legal literacy, bicultural and bilingualcommercial transactional support, transcultural
management issues, compliance policies andprocedures, ethics investigations, in house legal
department operations, management andprocedures.

Promoting Trade in Services by SMEs
and Women Entrepreneurs– A Lawyer’s Perspective on the
Promotion of Cross-Border Service
Business
OCTOBER 1, 2021
Catherine O’Connell Law

Introductory words – disclaimer
 The data and information used in this presentation and

Q&A based on two reports (World Bank and APEC) public
information and the presenters own experience. The
opinions and conclusions are the views of the presenter.
The analysis, suggested solutions to barriers do notnecessarily represent the views of APEC member
economies Reports:
 Women Business and the Law 2021 (World Bank Group) APEC Research on Promoting Trade in Services by SMEs
and Women Entrepreneurs (May 2020)

Catherine O'Connell Law https://www.catherineoconnelllaw.com

103

Challenges in setting up a services-based business(e.g. law practice)Things SME business owners and women entrepreneurs don’t know about starting a business andentrepreneurship (grass level view)



Initial hit of freedom starting a business. Soon you learn that the resources are few and trying tofind them is like going through a maze - with no winner’s prize at the endEverything costs more than you think or hope. Money goes out, way faster than it comes inYou end up doing tasks that can be done by someone “on a lower paygrade than you” whichsabotages the vitality of your business

Nights and weekends become the repository for the things you could not get to during the week
– impacts family, health, friends, hobbies, etc.

You need help and lots of it. You have to learn about running a business OTJ as fast as you canand build a strong financial foundation – if they are not in order, your services delivery will
suffer. Actually, everything will suffer

Speed matters so much – the faster you can go from idea to action the better. There is animmense cost to great ideas sitting on the shelfConsistency matters so much. What you do every day will become habits. Plan on being
consistent but that it will take 5-10x more time to get resultsRegulations are a plenty and paperwork and admin sucks up time immensely before you caneven commence trading

Catherine O'Connell Law https://www.catherineoconnelllaw.com

104

Harder still is to take your service businesscross border to trade Resources are scattered.
 Regulations vary per economy
 Visas and work permit issues
 Trusting local partners, service providers Finance Knowledge Accused of not using FTAs but problem is not knowing
what they say (too many?)

 Slow processes. Paper not digital. Lack of transparency
 etcCatherine O'Connell Law https://www.catherineoconnelllaw.com

105

Women Business & the Law 2021 Report from World Bank••

Measures laws and regulations that affect women’s economic opportunity in 190
economies
Eight indicators of tha coincide with the various milestones a typical woman may
experience in her lifetime & her interactions with the law as she begins Progresses
through and ends her career

Catherine O'Connell Law https://www.catherineoconnelllaw.com

106Women Business & the Law index - scores• 10 economies
scored 100/100• Only one
economy in APEC
scored 100/100.
(Canada)• New Zealand 97.5
• Australia 96.9
• Lowest economy
score = 26.3
• Average = 76.1
7/21 APEC
economies areaverage or under107

Example: entrepreneurship indicator forthe average score of 75 (Equador)• The Index serves as a way to gauge the regulatory environment for women as
entrepreneurs

Catherine O'Connell Law https://www.catherineoconnelllaw.com

108Economies that undertook
Gender Equality reforms 2019-20• Two APEC economies moved on pay indicator. One on Marriage• No APEC economy reformed in the entrepreneurship economy

Catherine O'Connell Law https://www.catherineoconnelllaw.com

109

Data Data Data
We need data to make sense of the issues before we
can tackle solutions!

 Data gives evidencial basis
 Benchmarking tool Exposes challenges
 Identifies good practices
 Lessons learnt and able to be leveraged

Catherine O'Connell Law https://www.catherineoconnelllaw.com

110

Domestic Social Norms as barriers to female empowerment

Photo credit: Jennifer Shinkai
Catherine O'Connell Law https://www.catherineoconnelllaw.com

111

Legal + Political representaton

 Legal: women's opportunities and outcomes
depend very much on legal reforms

 Political: economies with a greater female

representation in the national legislature are more
likely to pass laws on laws that affect women

Catherine O'Connell Law https://www.catherineoconnelllaw.com

112

What’s next?
 Economies’ Commitment to action the report data Enact policy changes and capacity building international organisations, gender equality advocates, investors,
researchers, established SMEs and Women Entrepreneurs,

 all of us can use the data to inform legislative change in our
economies Source solutions through Policies and Capacity Building

Catherine O'Connell Law https://www.catherineoconnelllaw.com

113

Connect with me!
Catherine O’Connell
Principal, Founder and CEO

catherine@catherineoconnelllaw.com
www.catherineoconnelllaw.com
https://www.linkedin.com/in/oconnellcatherine/Lawyer on Air Podcast on YouTube,
Apple Podcasts, Spotify & other podcast
players
Catherine O'Connell Law https://www.catherineoconnelllaw.com

114Session 3: Policy measures and regulatory practices“A Lawyer’s Perspective on the Promotion of CrossBorder Service Business”

A Fireside Chatwith Catherine
O’Connell

Canada’s Inclusive Trade Approach

Source: www.international.gc.ca

Canada’s Inclusive Trade Approach

Source: www.international.gc.ca

The Four Modes for Exporting Services
Mode 1:
Cross Border Supply

Mode 3:
Commercial Presence

Cross Border Supply is when a service isprovided from a supplier in one economy,
to a consumer in another and only theservice crosses the border. This is mostoften done using electronic delivery,
namely the Internet.

Commercial Presence is when the supplierof a service establishes a presence inanother economy by setting up a
subsidiary or branch, for example. The
consumer then purchases the service fromthe subsidiary in their own economy.

Mode 2:
Consumption Abroad

Mode 4:
Movement of Natural Persons

Consumption Abroad is when a service is
supplied in the economy of the supplier,but to a consumer from another economy(i.e. the consumer goes abroad).

Movement of Natural Persons is when asupplier of a service temporarily visits the
economy of a consumer to offer a service(i.e. the service provider goes abroad).

v

Digital age –Digital Flows Digital Trade
There is anincrease crossborder flows ofdigital data.

Source: Digital Economy Report, 2021, UNCTAD

Closing
Remarks

Mr. Hikari Ishido
Professor, Chiba
University and APEC
Study Center Japan
Secretariat

Thank You
Please see the feedback survey in the Chat

APEC STUDY CENTER JAPAN