Itikaraṇa in the Ṛgveda-Padapāṭha
Introduction
In the Ṛgveda-Padapāṭha the word iti is added to the following words:(1) a word with final pragṛhya vowel (o; dual endings ī, ū, e; locative ending in ī or ū; amī,asme, yuṣme, tve). Pragṛhya vowels remain unchanged if placed before a vowel (absence ofvowel sandhi). Vocatives with final o are pragṛhya in the Padapāṭha only. Examples: agnī iti;śatakrato iti śata-krato; tanū iti; asme iti.
(2) words ending in aḥ or āḥ in which the final visarjanīya comes from r. This adding of iti isdone only when the visarjanīya is placed before r, an unvoiced consonant or a pause. Examples:
punariti, kariti kaḥ, svariti svaḥ)(3) particle īm when the final m is dropped in the Saṁhitā (īmiti).
(4) the particle u which is pragṛhya in the Padapāṭha only (ūm̐ iti).
(5) ten verbs ending in uḥ, eḥ and oḥ. Examples: ūvurityūvuḥ, pīperiti pīpeḥ, tūtoriti tūtoḥ.
(6) three nouns ending in a visarjanīya which comes from s: rathyebhiriti rathyebhiḥ; praceta iti
pra-cetaḥ, sta iti staḥ.
(7) Seven words which do not end in a visarjanīya: gdheti gdha, ta iti te, namasyanniti
namasyan, pranapād iti pra-napāt, vargiti vark, syasveti syasva, hanniti han
This adding of iti is called itikaraṇa. In part A of this paper lists of all those itikaraṇa words are
given in which the word is not repeated after iti. Part B gives the lists of all itikaraṇa words inwhich the word is repeated after iti. The appendix contains rules of the Ṛgveda Prātiśākhya
about pragṛhya and visarjanīyas coming from r.

(A) Itikaraṇa without repetition of the word after iti
1. Words with final pragṛhya vowel (ī, ū, e, o)
1.1 Words with final pragṛhya vowel ī (116)Pragṛhya vowel ī: (a) dual nominal endings, (b) locative ending, (c) amīakṣī iti, agnī iti, acarantī iti, adrī iti, anūcī iti, andhasī iti, apadī iti, aminatī iti, amī iti, araṇī iti,
avantī iti, avitrī iti, asaścantī iti, asinvatī iti, ahanī iti, āpī iti, ārtnī iti, indrāgnī iti, indrābṛhaspatīiti, indrābrahmaṇaspatī iti, iṣayantī iti, urūcī iti, urvī iti, uśatī iti, ūtī iti, enī iti, kavī iti, kukṣī iti,
krandasī iti, kṣoṇī iti, gabhastī iti, gaurī iti, carṣaṇī iti, jagmī iti, janasī iti, janitrī iti, januṣī iti,
janmanī iti, jarbharī iti, jāmī iti, jivrī iti, jugurvaṇī iti, jñātī iti, tarantī iti, turpharī iti, darvī iti,
1

devī iti, dyavī iti, dyāvāpṛthivī iti, dyāvābhūmī iti, dhāmanī iti, dhunī iti, dhunīcumurī iti, nadīiti, navyasī iti, nādhasī iti, nārī iti, netrī iti, patatriṇī iti, patī iti, payasvatī iti, pājasī iti, pāṇī iti,
pipratī iti, pūrvī iti, pṛthivī iti, pṛthvī iti, pṛṣatī iti, pratīcī iti, prācī iti, pluṣī iti, bapsatī iti,bibhratī iti, bṛhatī iti, bhavantī iti, bhujī iti, maghonī iti, madantī iti, mahinī iti, mahī iti, mākī iti,mādhvī iti, mānavī iti, māyinī iti, mithatī iti, yahvī iti, yuvatī iti, raghvī iti, rajasī iti, rajī iti,rājantī iti, rodasī iti, vakvarī iti, vacasī iti, vardhayantī iti, vahnī iti, vājayantī iti, vāṇī iti,viśvāmitrajamadagnī iti, vedī iti, śamīnahuṣī iti, śucī iti, sakṣaṇī iti, sadaspatī iti, sadmanī iti,
saptī iti, sarasī iti, sasnī iti, sahasvatī iti, sahurī iti, sānasī iti, susvayantī iti, srutī iti, hariṇī iti,harī iti, hiraṇyayī iti
Examples: (a) devī apyebhiriṣṭaiḥ (RV 4.55.6); devī iti | apyebhiḥ | iṣṭaiḥ; rodasī ā (RV 1.64.9); rodasī
iti | ā; harī indravāhā (RV 1.11.1); harī iti | indra-vāhā; harī upa (RV 1.82.6); harī iti | upa; kavī ṛtasya(RV 8.8.23); kavī iti | ṛtasya;(b) sarasī śayānam (RV 7.103.2); sarasī iti | śayānam; (c) amī ye devāḥ (RV 1.105.5); amī iti | ye |devāḥ

1.2 Words with final pragṛhya vowel ū (44)Pragṛhya vowel ū: (a) dual nominal endings, (b) locative ending

ajarayū iti, adhvaryū iti, āśū iti, indravāyū iti, indrāviṣṇū iti, ūrū iti, ṛbhū iti, kārū iti, ketū iti,camū iti, cariṣṇū iti, jigatnū iti, jenyāvasū iti, tanū iti, turpharītū iti, turvaśāyadū iti, dhāyū iti,dhenū iti, nṛtū iti, pṛthū iti, babhrū iti, bāhū iti, bhuraṇyū iti, maderū iti, manāvasū iti, mandū iti,yajyū iti, raghū iti, vaṅkū iti, vanargū iti, valgū iti, vasū iti, vahatū iti, vipanyū iti, viśpalāvasū
iti, śiśū iti, sanerū iti, saparyū iti, sādhū iti, sūnū iti, setū iti, sūryāvasū iti, syūmanyū iti, hanū iti
Examples: (a) indravāyū abhi (RV 4.46.3); indravāyū iti | abhi; sūryāvasū iyānaḥ (RV 7.68.3);
sūryāvasū iti | iyānaḥ; bāhū upa (RV 6.47.8); bāhū iti | upa;(b) camū sutam (RV 8.76.10); camū iti | sutam; tanū ṛtvye (RV 10.183.2); tanū iti | ṛtvye;

1.3 Words with final pragṛhya vowel e (191)Pragṛhya vowel e: (a) dual nominal endings, (b) dual personal endings (āte, āthe, ete, ethe, aite, aithe),(c) asme, yuṣme, tve

acakre iti, ajare iti, atapyamāne iti, adabdhe iti, adveṣe iti, anye iti, abudhyamāne iti, apāre iti,amṛkte iti, amṛte iti, amṛdhre iti, arthayethe iti, avame iti, aśnavaithe iti, asme iti, āśāte iti,āśāthe iti, āsāte iti, āskre iti, ime iti, iyāte iti, īrayethe iti, īśāthe iti, ukṣamāṇe iti, ukṣite iti,
ucyete iti, upāke iti, ubhe iti, ūhyāthe iti, ṛcyamāne iti, ṛjre iti, ṛdhāthe iti, ṛṣve iti, ete iti, ene iti,kakṣye iti, kṛṇvaite iti, kṛṣṇe iti, kramaṇe iti, gabhīre iti, gūḻhe iti, gṛṇāne iti, cakramāthe iti,cakrāte iti, cakrāthe iti, cakre iti, cakṣāthe iti, carete iti, cikethe iti, jayethe iti, jarethe iti, javeteiti, jāgarū́ ke iti, jāte iti, jihāte iti, joṣayete iti, jyeṣṭhe iti, taṁsayethe iti, tanvāthe iti, tarete iti,tastabhāne iti, tigme iti, tujete iti, tuñjāte iti, te iti, toke iti, tye iti, trāsāthe iti, tve iti, dadvahe iti,dadhāte iti, dadhāthe iti, dadhāne iti, darśate iti, divye iti, duhāte iti, dṛṁhethe iti, dvake iti, dve
iti, dhāpayete iti, dhārayethe iti, dhiṣaṇe iti, dhiṣṇye iti, dhethe iti, dhene iti, dhaithe iti, namete
iti, namnamāne iti, parame iti, pavaste iti, paspṛdhāte iti, pātalye iti, pāvake iti, pinvamāne iti,punāne iti, pṛṇaithe iti, pratne iti, prathame iti, priye iti, bahule iti, bravaite iti, bruvāte iti,bhadre iti, bhandamāne iti, bhayete iti, bharete iti, bhikṣamāṇe iti, bhiyāne iti, bhīte iti, bhejāte2iti, manuṣye iti, mamāte iti, mamnāte iti, mātre iti, mādayete iti, mādayethe iti, mādayaite iti,māhine iti, mimāte iti, mimāne iti, methete iti, mene iti, yajate iti, yajatre iti, yajñiye iti,
yatamāne iti, yatete iti, yataite iti, yājate iti, yuñjāthe iti, yuyudhāte iti, yuvethe iti, yuṣme iti, yeiti, yemāte iti, yoṣaṇe iti, yoṣe iti, rakṣethe iti, raṇvite iti, rarāthe iti, riricāthe iti, rihāṇe iti,
rejamāne iti, rejete iti, vadete iti, vadhatre iti, vapuṣye iti, variṣṭhe iti, varethe iti, vartete iti,vardhete iti, vavasāne iti, vavṛdhāte iti, vasāthe iti, vahethe iti, vāvaśāne iti, vitantasaite iti,
vidathe iti, vidāne iti, viśve iti, vepete iti, vevije iti, vyathete iti, śate iti, śayāte iti, śipre iti, śiveiti, śīrṣe iti, śubhre iti, śumbhamāne iti, śūṣe iti, śṛṅge iti, śobhete iti, śrayethe iti, sacāvahe iti,sacete iti, sacethe iti, satyānṛte iti, satye iti, sadane iti, sarsrāte iti, sasrāthe iti, sasvajāte iti,sāśanānaśane iti, sumeke iti, suvāte iti, spardhamāne iti, smayete iti, hate iti, havete iti,hāsamāne iti
Examples: (a) amṛte amūraḥ (3.25.3); ubhe ā (RV 3.54.15); ubhe iti | ā; amṛte iti | amūraḥ; māturanyeiheha (RV 5.47.5); mātuḥ | anye iti | iha-iha; upāke uṣāsānaktā (RV 10.110.6); upāke iti | uṣasānaktā;gabhīre ṛtāya (RV 4.23.10); gabhīre iti | ṛtāya;(b) vāvṛdhāte ā (RV 7.7.5); vavṛdhāte iti | ā; mamnāte indra rodasī (RV 7.31.7); mamnāte iti | indra |rodasī iti; jihāte ubhe (RV 3.31.17); jihāte iti | ubhe iti; aśnavaithe ṛṣīṇām (RV 7.70.4); aśnavaithe iti |ṛṣīṇām; dadhāthe oṣadhīṣu (RV 7.61.3); dadhāthe iti | oṣadhīṣu;(c) asme agne (RV 2.4.8); asme iti | agne; maghonyasme āyurni (RV 1.113.17); maghoni | asme iti |āyuḥ | ni; asme indra (RV 3.35.1); asme iti | indra; asme upo (RV 7.67.2); asme iti | upo iti ; asmeūtīrindravātatamā (RV 10.6.6); asme iti | ūtīḥ | indravāta-tamāḥ; nūnamasme ṛbhavo vasūni (RV
4.33.11); nūnam | asme iti | ṛbhavaḥ | vasūni ; tubhyamasme etena (1.173.13); asme iti | etena;yuṣme itthā (RV 6.18.5); yuṣme iti | itthā;
tve api (RV 8.44.28); tve iti | api; tve āhavanāni (RV 7.8.5); tve iti | ā-havanāni; tve iddhūyate haviḥ
(RV 1.26.6); tve iti | it | hūyate | haviḥ;1.4 Words with final pragṛhya vowel o (59)a) Vocatives (pragṛhya in Padapāṭha only before iti) (27)adhvaryo iti, aśatro iti, indo iti, kāro iti, kṛtno iti, gavyo iti, jiṣṇo iti, tapo iti, daśo iti, nṛto iti,dhṛṣṇo iti, pito iti, babhro iti, madho iti, manyo iti, mṛtyo iti, yaho iti, varo iti, vaso iti, vāyo iti,viṣṇo iti, vīḻo iti, śikṣo iti, sindho iti, siṣṇo iti, sūno iti, svādo iti
Examples: indo aśvavat (RV 9.105.4); indo iti | aśva-vat; viṣṇavāsa ā (RV7.99.7); viṣṇo iti | āsaḥ | ā;indavindrasya (RV 8.48.2); indo iti | indrasya; manyavīḻito viśaṁviśaṁ (RV 10.84.4); manyo iti | īḻitaḥ |viśam-viśam; vāya ukthebhirjarante (RV 1.2.2); vāyo iti | ukthebhiḥ | jarante; sūna ūhe (RV 5.3.9); sūno
iti | ūhe; vāyavṛtaspate (RV 8.26.21); vāyo iti | ṛtaḥpate; inda ojasā (RV 9.2.7); indo iti | ojasā;b) Other words with final o (combination of a, ā with particle u) (pragṛhya in Padapāṭha andSaṁhitā) (32)atho iti, apo iti, aryamo iti, aviṣṭo iti, imo iti, iho iti, uto iti, upo iti, eto iti, evo iti, eṣo iti, o iti,katho iti, keno iti, kvo iti, catto iti, co iti, janiṣṭo iti, tatro iti, draviṇo iti, no iti, pro iti, bhūyāmo
iti, mo iti, yo iti, rakṣo iti, vardho iti, vido iti, sapto iti, saho iti, so iti, hanto iti
3

Examples: randhayanmo ahaṁ (RV 1.50.13); mo iti | aham; pro ārata (RV 1.39.5); pro iti | ārata ;mahyamatho imām (RV 10.85.41): mahyam | atho iti | imām; eṣo uṣā apūrvyā (RV 1.46.1); eṣo iti | uṣāḥ| apūrvyā; vibhātīrapo ūrṇoti (RV 10.88.12); vi-bhātīḥ | apo iti | ūrṇoti ; didṛkṣūpo emi (RV 7.86.3):
didṛkṣu | upo iti | emi;

2. Words with final visarjanīya coming from r (24)Note: itikaraṇa is seen only when the visarjanīya is placed (a) before r, (b) an unvoiced consonant or (c)a pause. In these cases one does not know if the visarjanīya comes from r or s.

akṣāriti, atsāriti, antariti, ajīgariti, apunariti, avarīvariti, avarīvuriti, avitariti, ahariti, jaritariti,
duhitariti, netariti, neṣṭariti, pitariti, punariti, prātariti, bhrātariti, vadhariti, variti, sanitariti,
sanutariti, savitariti, sasvariti, hotariti
Examples: (a) prātā ratnam (RV 1.125.1); prātariti | ratnam;(b) antaḥ kavayaḥ(RV 1.159.4); antariti | kavayaḥ |; sanutaścarantaṁ (RV 5.2.4); sanutariti | carantam;
ajīgastaddeveṣu (RV 1.113.9); ajīgariti | tat | deveṣu; savitaḥ prajāvat (RV 5.82.4); savitariti | prajāvat; savitaḥ śrudhyasya (RV 7.38.2); savitariti | śrudhi | asya; prātaḥ somamuta (RV 7.41.1); prātariti |somam | uta;(c) caturaḥ punaḥ || (RV 1.20.6); caturaḥ | punariti ||Counterexamples: pūrvya hotarasya (RV 1.26.5); pūrvya | hotaḥ | asya; savitarjaritre (RV 2.38.11);
savitaḥ | jaritre;

3. Particle īm (1)īmiti (11)Note: īmiti is seen only when the m in the Saṁhitā is dropped.
Examples: samī pṛcyate (RV 1.103.1); sam | īmiti | pṛcyate; jagdhamī punaḥ (RV 1.140.2); jagdham |īmiti | punariti; samī vivyāca (RV 3.36.8); sam | īmiti | vivyāca;
Counterexamples: emāśumāśave (RV 1.4.7); ā | īm | āśum | āśave; parīṁ ghṛṇā (RV 1.52.6); pari | īm |ghṛṇā;

4. Particle u (1)ūm̐ iti (512)Note: Particle u, lengthened and nasalized, is pragṛhya in the Padapāṭha only. Before a vowel u
becomes v in the Saṁhitā (see example b). But after an hiatus and y u remains unchanged before avowel (see examples c and d).
Examples: (a) imā u ṣu (RV 1.26.5); imāḥ | ūm̐ iti | su;(b) yāthastrirvaśvinā (RV 1.34.2); yāthaḥ | triḥ | ūm̐ iti | aśvinā;4(c) bhā u aṁśave (RV 1.46.10); bhāḥ | ūm̐ iti | aṁśave; tasmā u adya (8.66.7) ; tasmai | ūm̐ iti | adya;(d) pratyu adarśi (RV 7.81.1); prati | ūm̐ iti | adarśi; vyu āyuḥ (RV 10.27.7); vi | ūm̐ iti | āyuḥ(B) Itikaraṇa with repetition of the word after iti
1. Compound words with final pragṛhya vowel (ī, ū, e, o)
1.1 Compound words with final pragṛhya vowel ī (60)Pragṛhya vowel ī: dual nominal endings

abhijighrantī ityabhi-jighrantī, ācarantī ityā-carantī, ātujī ityā-tujī, āyajī ityā-yajī, itaūtī itītaḥūtī, irāvatī itīrā-vatī, ṛtayinī ityṛta-yinī, ṛtavarī ityṛta-varī, gopatī iti go-patī, ghṛtayonī iti ghṛtayonī, ghṛtavatī iti ghṛta-vatī, ghṛtāsutī iti ghṛta-āsutī, citrarātī iti citra-rātī, tigmahetī iti tigmahetī, daṁpatī iti dam-patī, dīdyagnī iti dīdi-agnī, dravatpāṇī iti dravat-pāṇī, dhārayatkavī iti
dhārayat-kavī, dhārayatkṣitī iti dhārayat-kṣitī, dhenumatī iti dhenu-matī, nṛpatī iti nṛ-patī,
pathirakṣī iti pathi-rakṣī, puraṁdhī iti puram-dhī, pūrvajāvarī iti pūrva-jāvarī, prabhūtī iti prabhūtī, madapatī iti mada-patī, yuyujānasaptī iti yuyujāna-saptī, rudravartanī iti rudra-vartanī,vasudhitī iti vasu-dhitī, vasumatī iti vasu-matī, vicarantī iti vi-carantī, vicarṣaṇī iti vi-carṣaṇī,vīḻupāṇī iti vīḻu-pāṇī, vivavrī iti vi-vavrī, viśvagūrtī iti viśva-gūrtī, visphurantī iti vi-sphurantī,śaṁtātī iti śam-tātī, śacīpatī iti śacī-patī, saṁcarantī iti sam-carantī, saṁdadī iti sam-dadī,saṁyatī iti sam-yatī, saṁvayantī iti sam-vayantī, satpatī iti sat-patī, sadhastutī iti sadha-stutī,
sapatnī iti sa-patnī, samīcī iti sam-īcī, sayonī iti sa-yonī, sarpirāsutī iti sarpiḥ-āsutī, sahūtī iti sahūtī, sindhupatī iti sindhu-patī, sujanmanī iti su-janmanī, supatnī iti su-patnī, supāṇī iti su-pāṇī,supratūrtī iti su-pratūrtī, suyavasinī iti su-yavasinī, smaddiṣṭī iti smat-diṣṭī, svadhāvarī iti
svadhā-varī, svarpatī iti svaḥ-patī, svāpī iti su-āpī, hiraṇyavartanī iti hiraṇya-vartanī
Examples: nṛpatī asti (RV 7.71.4); nṛpatī iti nṛ-patī | asti; supāṇī ā (RV 1.109.4); supāṇī iti su-pāṇī | ā;samīcī ubhe (RV 3.55.20); samīcī iti sam-īcī | ubhe iti; vanaspatī ṛṣvāvṛṣvebhiḥ (RV 1.28.8); vanaspatīiti | ṛṣvau | ṛṣvebhiḥ;1.2 Compound words with final pragṛhya vowel ū (31)Pragṛhya vowel ū: dual nominal endings

adbhutakratū ityadbhuta-kratū, adhrigū ityadhri-gū, asmayū ityasma-yū, asmṛtadhrū ityasmṛtadhrū, ṛtapsū ityṛta-psū, kṛtadvasū iti kṛtat-vasū, ghṛtasnū iti ghṛta-snū, jīradānū iti jīra-dānū,
duratyetū iti duḥ-atyetū, punarvasū iti punaḥ-vasū, purubhū iti puru-bhū, purumantū iti purumantū, puruvasū iti puru-vasū, pūtabandhū iti pūta-bandhū, pratadvasū i!ti pratat-vasū,
mahāvasū iti mahā-vasū, vājinīvasū iti vājinī-vasū, vajrabāhū iti vajra-bāhū, vṛdhasnū iti vṛdhasnū, vṛṣaṇvasū iti vṛṣaṇ-vasū, śacīvasū iti śacī-vasū, śatakratū iti sata-kratū, śaṁbhū iti śambhū, sabandhū iti sa-bandhū, samānabandhū iti samāna-bandhū, sakratū iti sa-kratū, sukratū iti
su-kratū, sudānū iti su-dānū, suyavasyū iti su-yavasyū, sṛpradānū iti sṛpra-dānū, smadabhīśū iti
smat-abhīśū
5

Examples: purūvasū arkaiśca (RV 1.47.10); puruvasū iti puru-vasū | arkaiḥ | ca; manuṣvacchaṁbhū āgatam (RV 1.46.13); manuṣvat | śambhū iti śam-bhū | ā | gatam; adhrigū idā (RV 8.22.11); adhrigū
ityadhri-gū | idā; sabandhū ubhe (RV 3.1.10); sabandhū iti sa-bandhū | ubhe iti; pūtabandhū ṛtā (RV
6.67.4); pūtabandhū iti pūta-bandhū | ṛtā; sudānū auśijāya (RV 1.112.11); sudānū iti su-dānū |auśijāya;1.3 Compound words with final pragṛhya vowel e (60)Pragṛhya vowel e: (a) dual nominal endings, (b) dual personal endings

abhistute ityabhi-stute, abhīvṛte ityabhi-vṛte, ādadāthe ityā-dadāthe, āmināne ityā-mināne,āmemyāne ityā-memyāne, indreṣite itīndra-iṣite, upastute ityupa-stute, dūreante iti dūre-ante,
devaputre iti deva-putre, devaśiṣṭe iti deva-śiṣṭe, niyuvaite iti ni-yuvaite, nihite iti ni-hite, nyṛṣṭe
iti ni-ṛṣṭe, parimamnāthe iti pari-mamnāthe, purohite iti puraḥ-hite, puruhūte iti puru-hūte,pūrvaje iti pūrva-je, priyatame iti priya-tame, bhūridhāre iti bhūri-dhāre, madhudughe iti
madhu-dughe, madhuvrate iti madhu-vrate, vighṛte iti vi-ghṛte, vibhṛte iti vi-bhṛte, viyute iti viyute, virūpe iti vi-rūpe, viśvajanye iti viśva-janye, viśvaminve iti viśvam-inve, viśvavāre itiviśva-vāre, viṣurūpe iti viṣu-rūpe, visite iti vi-site, viskabhite iti vi-skabhite, vihvayete iti vihvayete, śucivrate iti śuci-vrate, saṁgacchamāne iti sam-gacchamāne, saṁtasthāne iti samtasthāne, saṁrarāṇe iti sam-rarāṇe, saṁrihāṇe iti sam-rihāṇe, saṁvidāne iti sam-vidāne,sadhasthe iti sadha-sthe, sanīḻe iti sa-nīḻe, sabardughe iti sabaḥ-dughe, samante iti sam-ante,samārāṇe iti sam-ārāṇe, samīcīne iti sam-īcīne, samṛte iti sam-ṛte, savrate iti sa-vrate, sudine iti
su-dine, sudughe iti su-dughe, sudoghe iti su-doghe, sudhṛṣṭame iti su-dhṛṣṭame, supratīke iti
su-pratīke, subhage iti su-bhage, sumite iti su-mite, sumeke iti su-meke, surukme iti su-rukme,suśilpe iti su-śilpe, susumne iti su-sumne, susthāne iti su-sthāne, svarthe iti su-arthe, svāsasthe
iti su-āsasthe
Examples: (a) viśvajanye ā bhāti (RV 3.25.3); viśvajanye iti viśva-janye | ā | bhāti; suśilpe uṣāsānaktā(RV 10.70.6); suśilpe iti su-śilpe | uṣasānaktā; samārāṇe ūrmibhiḥ (RV 3.33.2); samārāṇe iti sam-ārāṇe
| ūrmi-bhiḥ; devaputre ṛtāvṛdhā (1.106.3); devaputre iti deva-putre | ṛta-vṛdhā;(b) parimamnāthe asmānā (RV 7.93.6); parimamnāthe iti pari-mamnāthe | asmān | ā

1.4 Compound words with final pragṛhya vowel o (43)Pragṛhya vowel o: vocatives (pragṛhya in Padapāṭha only before iti)

adrisāno ityadri-sāno, adhrigo ityadhri-go, aviharyatakrato ityaviharyata-krato, āghṛṇivaso
ityāghṛṇi-vaso, ṛtavaso ityṛta-vaso, kavikrato iti kavi-krato, ghṛtasno iti ghṛta-sno, citrabhāno
iti citra-bhāno, jīradāno iti jīra-dāno, tuvikrato iti tuvi-krato, divāvaso iti divā-vaso, dīrghāyo iti
dīrgha-āyo, durhano iti duḥ-hano, devayo iti deva-yo, dhiyāvaso iti dhiyā-vaso, purukṣo iti
puru-kṣo, puruvaso iti puru-vaso, pṛthusto iti pṛthu-sto, pṛṣṭabandho iti pṛṣṭa-bandho,prabhuvaso iti prabhu-vaso, prayajyo iti pra-yajyo, prācāmanyo iti prācā-manyo, bṛhadbhāno itibṛhat-bhāno, bhūrigo iti bhūri-go, radavaso iti rada-vaso, vajrabāho iti vajra-bāho, vadhasno iti
vadha-sno, vareṇyakrato iti vareṇya-krato, vājinīvaso iti vājinī-vaso, vidadvaso iti vidat-vaso,
vibhāno iti vi-bhāno, vibhāvaso iti vibhā-vaso, vibhindo iti vi-bhindo, viśvavaso iti viśva-vaso,vṛṣakrato iti vṛṣa-krato, śacīvaso iti śacī-vaso, śācigo iti śāci-go, śatakrato iti śata-krato,saṁbhṛtakrato iti saṁbhṛta-krato, sukrato iti su-krato, subandho iti su-bandho, subāho iti subāho, svabhāno iti sva-bhāno (43)6

Examples: yenāviharyatakrato amitrān (RV 1.63.2); yena | aviharyatakrato ityaviharyata-krato |amitrān; cikidvibhānavā (RV 8.102.2); cikit | vibhāno iti vi-bhāno | ā ; śatakratavindra (RV 8.92.16);
śatakrato iti śata-krato | indra; vadhairvadhasnavīṅkhaya (RV 9.52.3); vadhaiḥ | vadhasno iti vadhasno | īṅkhaya; śatakrata udvaṁśamiva (RV 1.10.1); śatakrato iti śata-krato | ut | vaṁśam-iva;

1.5 Pragṛhya iva compounds (17)Pragṛhya vowels ī, ū, e: nominal endingsakṣī ivetyakṣī-iva, ārtnī ivetyārtnī-iva, upadhī ivetyupadhī-iva, carmaṇī iveti carmaṇī-iva,
daṁpatī iveti daṁpatī-iva, nṛpatī iveti nṛpatī-iva, pradhī iveti pradhī-iva, bṛhatī iveti bṛhatī-iva,
viduṣī iveti viduṣī-iva, viśpatī iveti viśpatī-iva, saptī iveti saptī-iva, harī iveti harī-iva (12);śaṁyū iveti śaṁyū-iva (1); aśve ivetyaśve-iva, pade iveti pade-iva, mene iveti mene-iva, yame
iveti yame-iva (4)Examples: ārtnī iva (RV 10.166.3); ārtnī ivetyārtnī-iva; śaṁyū iva (RV 10.143.6); śaṁyū iveti śaṁyūiva; pade iva (RV 3.55.15); pade iveti pade-iva

2. Words with final visarjanīya coming from r (20)a) 15 verbal words b) 5 nouns
Note: itikaraṇa is seen only when the visarjanīya is placed before an unvoiced consonant or a pause.

(a) akarityakaḥ, adarityadaḥ, adardarityadardaḥ, abhārityabhāḥ, avarityavaḥ, astarityastaḥ,asparityaspaḥ, āvarityāvaḥ, kariti kaḥ, dardariti dardaḥ, dīdhariti dīdhaḥ, bhāriti bhāḥ, variti vaḥ,vāriti vāḥ, spariti spaḥ (15)Note:akar, adar, adardar, abhār, avar, astar, aspar, āvar, kar, dardar, dīdhar, bhār, var, vār, spar (15)The verbal forms above are derived from the roots kṛ (akar, kar), dṛ (adar, adardar, dardar), dhṛ(dīdhar), bhṛ (abhār, bhār), vṛ (avar, āvar, var, vār), stṛ (astar), and spṛ (aspar, spar).Through guṇa orvṛddhi the ṛ becomes ar or ār. After the r the personal endings s or t have been dropped. The final r
becomes ḥ before a pause and an unvoiced consonant.
Examples iṣa iṣṭavratā akaḥ || (RV 3.59.9); iṣaḥ | iṣṭa-vratāḥ | akarityakaḥ; bhāḥ parāvataḥ (1.128.2);
bhāriti bhāḥ | parā-vataḥ; mayaskaḥ śiśuṁ na (RV 1.186.5); mayaḥ | kariti kaḥ | śiśum | na; vi bhā akaḥsasṛjānaḥ (RV 7.8.2); vi | bhāḥ | akarityakaḥ | sasṛjānaḥ;(b) dartariti dartaḥ, pranetariti pra-netaḥ, vidhartariti vi-dhartaḥ, vidhātariti vi-dhātaḥ, svaritisvaḥ (5)Examples: dartaḥ pāyubhiḥ (RV 1.130.10); dartariti dartaḥ | pāyu-bhiḥ; praṇetaḥ sam (RV 3.30.18);
pranetariti pra-netaḥ | sam; praṇetarbhaga (RV 7.41.3); *pranetariti pra-netaḥ | bhaga; praṇetaradhi(RV 8.24.7); *pranetariti pra-netaḥ | adhi; vidhartaḥ sacase (RV 2.1.3); vidhartariti vi-dhartaḥ |sacase; dhātarvidhātaḥ kalaśām̐ abhakṣayam (RV 10.167.3); vidhātariti vi-dhātaḥ | kalaśān |abhakṣayam;
7

sva̍ ḥ pari̱ bhūre̱ ṣyā (RV 1.52.12); sva1̱̍riti̱ sva̍ ḥ | pa̱ ri̱ -bhūḥ | e̱ ṣi̱ | ā; sva1̱̍ḥ sani̍tā̱ (RV 1.129.2); sva1̱̍riti̱
sva̍ ḥ | sani̍tā; sva̍ śca (RV 3.31.19); sva1̱̍riti̱ sva̍ ḥ | ca̱ ;Note: (*) here itilaraṇa is exceptionally seen before a voiced consonant (bh) and a vowel (a).

3. Words with final visarjanīya coming from s (13)ūvurityūvuḥ, guriti guḥ, tūtoriti tūtoḥ, dhuriti dhuḥ, pīperiti pīpeḥ, maderiti madeḥ, vaneritivaneḥ, vavruriti vavruḥ, veriti veḥ, syuriti syuḥ (10)ūvus, gus, tūtos, dhus, pīpes, mades, vanes, vavrus, ves, syus (10)The verbal forms above are derived from the roots vā (ūvus), gā (gus), tu (tūtos), dhā (dhus), pī (pīpes),mad (mades), van (vanes), vṛ (vavrus), vī (ves), and as (syus).
asmai | it | ūm̐ iti | gnāḥ | cit | deva-patnīḥ | indrāya | arkam | ahi-hatye | ūvurityūvuḥ | (1.61.8)
prāñcaḥ | madanti | ukṣaṇaḥ | ajuryāḥ | devāḥ | devānām | anu | hi | vratā | guriti guḥ ||3.7.7||
tvam | tugram | vetasave | sacā | ahan | tvam | tujim | gṛṇantam | indra | tūtoriti tūtoḥ ||6.26.4||naktā | ca | cakruḥ | uṣasā | virūpe iti vi-rūpe | kṛṣṇam | ca | varṇam | aruṇam | ca | sam | dhuriti dhuḥ ||1.73.7||
nu | stutaḥ | indra | nu | gṛṇānaḥ | iṣam | jaritre | nadyaḥ | na | pīperiti pīpeḥ | (4.16.21)
ena | nūnam | made | maderiti madeḥ ||8.92.16||
imām | me | agne | sam-idham | imām | upa-sadam | vaneriti vaneḥ | (2.6.1)
dṛḻham | naraḥ | vacasā | daivyena | vrajam | go-mantam | uśijaḥ | vi | vavruriti vavruḥ ||4.1.15||
mahnā | mahat-bhiḥ | pṛthivī | vi | tasthe | mātā | putraiḥ | aditiḥ | dhāyase | veriti veḥ ||1.72.9||
nīcīnāḥ | sthuḥ | upari | budhnaḥ | eṣām | asme iti | antaḥ | ni-hitāḥ | ketavaḥ | syuriti syuḥ ||1.24.7||

rathyebhiriti rathyebhiḥ (1)yu̱ vaṁ ha̍ stho bhi̱ ṣajā̍ bheṣa̱ jebhi̱ ratho̍ ha stho ra̱ thyā̱ 3̱̍ rāthye̍ bhiḥ | (1.157.6)
yu̱ vam | ha̱ | stha̱ ḥ | bhi̱ ṣajā̍ | bhe̱ ṣa̱ jebhi̍ḥ | atho̱ iti̍ | ha̱ | stha̱ ḥ | ra̱ thyā̍ | rathye̍ bhi̱ riti̱ rathye̍ bhiḥ |praceta iti pra-cetaḥ, sta iti staḥ (2)kṣayannasmabhyamasura pracetā rājannenāṁsi śiśrathaḥ kṛtāni ||1.24.14||
kṣayan | asmabhyam | asura | praceta iti pra-cetaḥ | rājan | enāṁsi | śiśrathaḥ | kṛtāni ||1.24.14||
vaṁsva viśvā vāryāṇi pracetaḥ satyā bhavantvāśiṣo no adya ||7.17.5||
vaṁsva | viśvā | vāryāṇi | praceta iti pra-cetaḥ | satyāḥ | bhavantu | ā-śiṣaḥ | naḥ | adya ||7.17.5||
abhāgaḥ sannapa pareto asmi tava kratvā taviṣasya pracetaḥ | (10.83.5)
abhāgaḥ | san | apa | parā-itaḥ | asmi | tava | kratvā | taviṣasya | praceta iti pra-cetaḥ | (10.83.5)
pari dyāvāpṛthivī jabhra urvī nāsya te mahimānaṁ pari ṣṭaḥ ||1.61.8||
pari | dyāvāpṛthivī iti | jabhre | urvī iti | na | asya | te iti | mahimānam | pari | sta iti staḥ ||1.61.8||

4. Other words without final visarjanīya (7)gdheti gdha, ta iti te, namasyanniti namasyan, pranapād iti pra-napāt, vargiti vark, syasveti
syasva, hanniti han
8śiraḥ | yat | asya | traitanaḥ | vi-takṣat | svayam | dāsaḥ | uraḥ | aṁsau | api | gdheti gdha ||1.158.5||
ni | te | naṁsai | pīpyānā-iva | yoṣā | maryāya-iva | kanyā | śaśvacai | ta iti te ||3.33.10||
sam-jānānāḥ | upa | sīdan | abhi-jñu | patnī-vantaḥ | namasyam | namasyanniti namasyan | (1.72.5)
yaḥ | te | śṛṅga-vṛṣaḥ | napāt | pranapād iti pra-napāt | kuṇḍa-pāyyaḥ | (8.17.13)
tvāṣṭrasya | cit | viśva-rūpasya | gonām | ā-cakrāṇaḥ | trīṇi | śīrṣā | parā | vargiti vark ||10.8.9||
tat | naḥ | turīpam | adha | poṣayitnu | deva | tvaṣṭaḥ | vi | rarāṇaḥ | syasveti syasva | (3.4.9), (7.2.9)
jigartim | indraḥ | apa-jargurāṇaḥ | prati | śvasantam | ava | dānavam | hanniti han ||5.29.4||
mahāntam | indra | parvatam | vi | yat | variti vaḥ | sṛjaḥ | vi | dhārāḥ | ava | dānavam | hanniti han ||5.32.1||asya | tritaḥ | nu | ojasā | vṛdhānaḥ | vipā | varāham | ayaḥ-agrayā | hanniti han ||10.99.6||

AppendixPragṛhya in the Ṛgveda Prātiśākhya
okāra āmantritajaḥ pragṛhyaḥ ||1.68|| (1.18)
O appearing (as final) in a vocative is pragṛhya.

padaṁ cānyaḥ ||1.69|| (1.18)
Also the other (o which is) a word (by itself is prgṛhya).

apūrvapadāntagaśca ||1.70|| (1.18)
Also (o) not occuring at the end of the first part of a compound (is pragṛhya).

ṣaṣṭhādayaśca dvivaco'ntamājastrayo dīrghāḥ ||1.71|| (1.18)
The 3 long vowels, beginning with the sixth (i.e. ī, ū, e), when standing at the end of a dual, (arepragṛhya).

sāptamikau ca pūrvau ||1.72|| (1.18)
The first two (of these three long vowels) belonging to the seventh case (are) also (pragṛhya).

asme yuṣme tve amī ca pragṛhyāḥ ||1.73|| (1.19)
Also(the words) asme, yuṣme, tve and amī are pragṛhya.

upottamaṁ nānudāttaṁ na padyam ||1.74|| (1.19)
The last but one word (i.e., tve ), when it is anudātta or a part of a compound, (is) not (pragṛhya).

ukāraścetikaraṇena yukto rākto'pṛkto drāghitaḥ śākalena ||1.75|| (1.19)
U, when joined to iti and standing alone (i.e., not joined to a consonant), is nasalized and lengthened
and is also (pragṛhya) according to the teaching of Śakalya.

prakṛtyetikaraṇādau pragṛhyāḥ ||2.51|| (2.27)
The so-called pragṛhya vowels remain unchanged, when occurring before the word iti.

svareṣu cāṣyām ||2.52|| (2.27)
Also when vowels (svara) follow in the Saṁhitā text.
didṛkṣu | upo iti | emi => didṛkṣūpo emi (RV 7.86.3)
devī iti | apyebhiḥ | iṣṭaiḥ => devī apyebhiriṣṭaiḥ (RV 4.55.6)
gṛtāsutī iti ghṛta-āsutī | ādityā => ghṛtāsutī ādityā (2.41.6)
sūryāvasū iti | iyānaḥ => sūryāvasū iyānaḥ (RV 7.68.3)
sabandhū iti sa-bandhū | ubhe iti => sabandhū ubhe (3.1.10)
9

upāke iti | uṣasānaktā => upāke uṣāsānaktā (RV 10.110.6)
dadhāthe iti | oṣadhīṣu => dadhāthe oṣadhīṣu (RV 7.61.3)
devaputre iti deva-putre | ṛta-vṛdhā => devaputre ṛtāvṛdhā (1.106.3)
tanū iti | ṛtvye => tanū ṛtvye (RV 10.183.2)
maghoni | asme iti | āyuḥ | ni => maghonyasme āyurni (RV 1.113.17)
yuṣme iti | itthā => yuṣme itthā (RV 6.18.5)
tve iti | it | hūyate | haviḥ => tve iddhūyate haviḥ (RV 1.26.6)

prathamo yathoktam ||2.53|| (2.27)
The first (pragṛhya, i.e., o in the vocative) is, however, treated in the Saṁhitā text as is said (above:
2.28, 2.31).
viṣṇo iti | āsaḥ | ā => viṣṇavāsa ā (RV7.99.7)
vāyo iti | ukthebhiḥ | jarante => vāya ukthebhirjarante (RV 1.2.2)
śatakrato iti śata-krato | indra => śatakratavindra (8.92.16)
ghṛtasno iti ghṛta-sno | īmahe => ghṛtasnavīmahe (5.26.2)
vidadvaso iti vidat-vaso | ubhayāhasti | ā => vidadvasa ubhayāhastyā (5.39.1)

tryakṣarāntāstu neve ||2.55|| (2.27)(But pragrhya vowels ) that occur at the end of three-syllabic words (do) not (remain unchanged) when
followed by the word iva (in the Samhita text).
upadhī ivetyupadhī-iva => upadhīva (2.39.4)
carmaṇī iveti carmaṇī-iva => carmaṇīva (6.8.3)
daṁpatī iveti daṁpatī-iva => daṁpatīva (2.39.2)
nṛpatī iveti nṛpatī-iva => nṛpatīva (7.104.6)
viduṣī iveti viduṣī-iva => viduṣīva (5.41.7)
viśpatī iveti viśpatī-iva => viśpatīva (7.39.2)

ārṣyāmeva saṁdhyayakārapūrvo vivṛtteśca pratyayaḥ sannukāraḥ ||2.56|| (2.28)
U, when preceded by y which is the result of a euphonic combination, and also when following a hiatus,(remains unchanged), only in the Samhita text.
prati | ūm̐ iti | adarśi =>pratyu adarśi (RV 7.81.1)
vi | ūm̐ iti | āyuḥ => vyu āyuḥ (RV 10.27.7)
bhāḥ | ūm̐ iti | aṁśave => bhā u aṁśave (RV 1.46.10)
tasmai | ūm̐ iti | adya => tasmā u adya (8.66.7)

Riphita visarjanīya (rephisaṁjñā) in the Ṛgveda Prātiśākhya
ūṣmā rephī pañcamo nāmipūrvo ||1.76|| (1.20)
The fifth breathing (i.e., ḥ), when preceded by a namin vowel (i, ī, u, ū, ṛ, e, ai, o, au), is rhotacized(rephī).

maho'povarjamitaro yathoktam ||1.77|| (1.20)
With the exception of mahaḥ and apaḥ, the other (visarjanīya, i.e., one preceded by a or ā, isrhotacized), as is stated (below).

devaṁ bhāḥ ||1.82|| (1.21)
The word bhāḥ, in the phrase devaṁ bhāḥ, (is rhotacized).
yaṁ mātariśvā manave parāvato devaṁ bhāḥ parāvataḥ ||1.128.2||
yam | mātariśvā | manave | parā-vataḥ | devam | bhāriti bhāḥ | parā-vataḥ ||1.128.2||
10bṛhadbhā bibhrato haviragne martāya dāśuṣe ||1.45.8||
bṛhat | bhāḥ | bibhrataḥ | haviḥ | agne | martāya | dāśuṣe ||1.45.8||

karanudāttam ||1.84|| (1.21)
The word kaḥ, if anudātta, (is rhotacized).
ī̱ śā̱ na̱ kṛddā̱ śuṣe̍ daśa̱ syantu̱ rvīta̍ ye gā̱ dhaṁ tu̱ rvaṇi̍ ḥ kaḥ ||1.61.11||ī̱ śā̱ na̱ -kṛt | dā̱ śuṣe̍ | da̱ śa̱ syan | tu̱ rvīta̍ ye | gā̱ dham | tu̱ rvaṇi̍ ḥ | ka̱ riti̍ kaḥ ||1.61.11||u̱ ta no'hi̍ rbu̱ dhnyo̱ 3̱̍ maya̍ ska̱ ḥ śiśu̱ ṁ na pi̱ pyuṣī̍ va veti̱ sindhu̍ ḥ | (1.86.5)
u̱ ta | na̱ ḥ | ahi̍ ḥ | bu̱ dhnya̍ ḥ | maya̍ ḥ | ka̱ riti̍ kaḥ | śiśu̍ m | na | pi̱ pyuṣī̍ -iva | ve̱ ti̱ | sindhu̍ ḥ | (1.86.5)
ko no̍ ma̱ hyā adi̍ taye̱ puna̍ rdātpi̱ tara̍ ṁ ca dṛ̱ śeya̍ ṁ mā̱ tara̍ ṁ ca ||1.24.1||
kaḥ | na̱ ḥ | ma̱ hyai | adi̍ taye | puna̍ ḥ | dā̱ t | pi̱ tara̍ m | ca̱ | dṛ̱ śeya̍ m | mā̱ tara̍ m | ca̱ ||1.24.1||
kve̱ 3̱̍dānī̱ ṁ sūrya̱ ḥ kaści̍ keta kata̱ māṁ dyāṁ ra̱ śmira̱ syā ta̍ tāna ||1.35.7||kva̍ | i̱ dānī̍ m | sūrya̍ ḥ | kaḥ | ci̱ ke̱ ta̱ | ka̱ ta̱ mām | dyām | ra̱ śmiḥ | a̱ sya̱ | ā | ta̱ tā̱ na̱ ||1.35.7||

tadādaḥ ||1.86|| (1.21)
The word adaḥ after the phrase tadā (is rhotacized).
śuṣṇa̍ sya ci̱ tpari̍ hita̱ ṁ yadojo̍ di̱ vaspari̱ sugra̍ thita̱ ṁ tadāda̍ ḥ ||1.121.10||
śuṣṇa̍ sya | ci̱ t | pari̍ -hitam | yat | oja̍ ḥ | di̱ vaḥ | pari̍ | su-gra̍ thitam | tat | ā | a̱ da̱ ritya̍ daḥ ||1.121.10||
yada̱ do pi̍ to̱ aja̍ ganvi̱ vasva̱ parva̍ tānām | (1.187.7)
yat | a̱ daḥ | pi̱ to̱ iti̍ | aja̍ gan | vi̱ vasva̍ | parva̍ tānām |etaśe kaḥ ||1.88|| (1.21)
The word kaḥ after etaśe (is rhotacized).
yat | sūrya̍ sya | ha̱ rita̍ ḥ | pata̍ ntīḥ | pu̱ raḥ | sa̱ tīḥ | upa̍ rāḥ | eta̍ śe | kariti̱ kaḥ ||5.29.5||

apaskaḥ ||1.90|| (1.21)
The word kaḥ after apaḥ (is rhotacized).
asmai̍ va̱ yaṁ yadvā̱ vāna̱ tadvi̍ viṣma̱ indrā̍ ya̱ yo na̍ ḥ pra̱ divo̱ apa̱ skaḥ | (6.23.5)
asmai̍ | va̱ yam | yat | va̱ vāna̍ | tat | vi̱ vi̱ ṣma̱ ḥ | indrā̍ ya | yaḥ | na̱ ḥ | pra̱ -diva̍ ḥ | apa̍ ḥ | kariti̱ kaḥ | (6.23.5)

avipūrvamastaḥ ||1.92|| (1.21)
The word astaḥ ( is rhotacized ), if not preceded by via̱ sya | su̱ vā̱ nasya̍ | ma̱ ndina̍ ḥ | tri̱ tasya̍ | ni | arbu̍ dam | va̱ vṛ̱ dhā̱ naḥ | a̱ sta̱ ritya̍ staḥ | (2.11.20)

svaḥ svaritam ||1.93|| (1.22)
The word svaḥ (is rhotacized), if it has the svarita accent.
Note: Between the jātya svarita of svaḥ and the following initial udātta of iti a short kampa occurs:
ut | gāḥ | ā̱ ja̱ t | abhi̍ nat | brahma̍ ṇā | va̱ lam | agū̍ hat | tama̍ ḥ | vi | a̱ ca̱ kṣa̱ ya̱ t | sva1̱̍ riti̱ sva̍ ḥ ||2.24.3||

varavarāvariti caikapāde vyapapūrvāṇyasamāsāṅgayoge ||1.99|| (1.23)
The words vaḥ, avaḥ and āvaḥ preceded, in the same pāda, by vi or apa (are rhotacized), if they do notform a part of a compound.
pra | acodayat | su-dughāḥ | vavre | antaḥ | vi | jyotiṣā | sam-vavṛtvat | tamaḥ | avarityavaḥ ||5.31.3||
bhāsvatī | netrī | sūnṛtānām | aceti | citrā | vi | duraḥ | naḥ | āvarityāvaḥ | (1.113.4)
pṛthu-pājāḥ | devayat-bhiḥ | sam-iddhaḥ | apa | dvārā | tamasaḥ | vahniḥ | āvarityāvaḥ ||3.5.1||
adhvaryavaḥ | yaḥ | dṛbhīkam | jaghāna | yaḥ | gāḥ | ut-ājat | apa | hi | valam | variti vaḥ | (2.14.3)
mahāntam | indra | parvatam | vi | yat | variti vaḥ | sṛjaḥ | vi | dhārāḥ | ava | dānavam | hanniti han ||5.32.1||
11

hotaḥ sanitaḥ potarneṣṭaḥ sotaḥ savitarnetastvaṣṭaḥ |mātarjanitarbhrātastrāta sthātarjaritardhātardhartaḥ ||1.101|| (1.24)(The sixteen words) hotaḥ, sanitaḥ, potaḥ, neṣṭaḥ, sotaḥ, savitaḥ, netaḥ, tvaṣṭaḥ, mātaḥ, janitaḥ,bhrātaḥ, trātaḥ, sthātaḥ, jaritaḥ, dhātaḥ, dhartaḥ (are rhotacized).
bhaga praṇetarbhaga satyarādho bhagemāṁ dhiyamudavā dadannaḥ | (7.41.3)
bhaga | pranetariti pra-netaḥ | bhaga | satya-rādhaḥ | bhaga | imām | dhiyam | ut | ava | dadat | naḥ |(7.41.3)
ava | aham | adya | magha-van | upa-stutau | dhātaḥ | vidhātariti vi-dhātaḥ | kalaśān | abhakṣayam ||10.167.3||
tvam | brahmā | rayi-vit | brahmaṇaḥ | pate | tvam | vidhartariti vi-dhartaḥ | sacase | puram-dhyā ||2.1.3||

jāmātarduhitardartaḥ praśāstaravitaḥ pitaḥ |doṣāvastaravaspartaḥ prayantaśceṅgyamuttamam ||1.102|| (1.25)(The nine words) jāmātaḥ, duhitaḥ, dartaḥ, praśāstaḥ, avitaḥ, pitaḥ, doṣāvastaḥ, avaspartaḥ, prayantaḥ
(are rhotacized).
saḥ | naḥ | navyebhiḥ | vṛṣa-karman | ukthaiḥ | purām | dartariti dartaḥ | pāyu-bhiḥ | pāhi | śagmaiḥ |(1.130.10)

dīdharabhāravarīvaradardar dardaradardharajāgarajīgaḥ |vārapunaḥ punarasparakaḥ spaḥ sasvarahaḥ sanutaḥ sabarasvāḥ ||1.103|| (1.26)(The nineteen words) dīdhaḥ, abhāḥ, avarīvaḥ, adardaḥ, dardaḥ, adardhaḥ, ajāgaḥ, ajīgaḥ, vāḥ,apunaḥ, punaḥ, aspaḥ, akaḥ, spaḥ, sasvaḥ, ahaḥ, sanutaḥ, sabaḥ, asvāḥ (are rhotacized).
jyok | cit | atra | tasthi-vāṁsaḥ | akran | śatru-yatām | adharā | vedanā | akarityakaḥ ||1.33.15||
vi | bhāḥ | akarityakaḥ | sasṛjānaḥ | pṛthivyām | kṛṣṇa-paviḥ | oṣadhībhiḥ | vavakṣe ||7.8.2||
śivāḥ | satīḥ | upa | naḥ | go-stham | ā | akarityakaḥ | tāsām | vayam | pra-jayā | sam | sadema ||10.169.4||
aḥ | īm | satyebhiḥ | sakhi-bhiḥ | śucat-bhiḥ | go-dhāyasam | vi | dhana-saiḥ | adardarityadardaḥ |(10.67.7)
saḥ | iyānaḥ | karati | svastim | asmai | iṣam | ūrjam | su-kṣitim | viśvam | ā | abhārityabhāḥ ||10.99.12||
padam | na | tāyuḥ | guhā | dadhānaḥ | mahaḥ | rāye | citayan | atrim | asparityaspaḥ ||5.15.5||
tvam | ha | tyat | indra | sapta | yudhyan | puraḥ | vajrin | puru-kutsāya | dardariti dardaḥ | (1.63.7)
tava | kratvā | tava | tat | daṁsanābhiḥ | āmāsu | pakvam | śacyā | ni | dīdhariti dīdhaḥ | (6.17.6)
nāvā | na | sindhum | ati | parṣi | vidvān | śūraḥ | na | yudhyan | ava | naḥ | nidaḥ | spariti spaḥ ||9.70.10||
Repha-sandhis

sarvopadhastu svaraghoṣavatparo rephaṁ rephī tu punā rephasaṁdhayaḥ ||4.27|| (4.9)
A rhotacized visarjanīya, however, which is preceded by any short or long vowel becomes r, if followed
by a vowel or a voiced consonant; these being called ‘r-combinations’ (repha-sandhis).
Note: If a rhotacized (riphita or rephin) visarjanīya preceded by a or ā is followed by a vowel or voiced
consonant iti is not added to the visarjanīya in the Padapāṭha.
apade pādā pratidhātave'karutāpavaktā hṛdayāvidhaścit ||1.24.8||
apade | pādā | prati-dhātave | akaḥ | uta | apa-vaktā | hṛdaya-vidhaḥ | cit ||1.24.8||
yebhirapatyaṁ manuṣaḥ parīyase yebhirviśvaṁ svardṛśe ||8.49.8||
yebhiḥ | apatyam | manuṣaḥ | pari-īyase | yebhiḥ | viśvam | svaḥ | dṛśe ||8.49.8||

12

References
A Linguistic Analysis of the Ṛgveda-Padapāṭha,V.N. Jha, 1992Ṛgveda-Saṁhitā and Padapāṭha: http://www.detlef108.de/Rigveda.htm
http://www.detlef108.de/RV-with-Padapatha-T-NA-UTF8.html
Ṛgveda-Prātiśākhya: https://sites.google.com/view/rv-pratishakhya
The Rgveda Pratisakhya Vol III (1937/00/00) - English translationŚikṣās and Vedalakṣaṇa texts:
http://vedicreserve.mum.edu/shiksha/shiksha_vedicreserve.html
https://sites.google.com/view/vedalakshanahttps://sites.google.com/view/vedalakshana/links
Last update by Detlef Eichler : 31 July 202413