Liquid Cooling1Cold Plate for Super Computer
Calculation Speed:12 x 10 12 times /sec.

SB:12 boards
Cold Plate

IOSB : 6 boards

SB:12 boards

Super computerCPU 20kW/Rack x 848 racks
17MW/ a machine

Thermal Resistance (C/W)

Thermal Resistance

R=dT/Q=(Tbase-Twi)/Q

0.06

specification :<0.05C/W

0.05
0.04

Measured data

0.03
0.02
0.01
020

4060

80

100120Heat Input Q (W)2Liquid Cooling Cold Plate

Brazed Cold Plate(Cross Section)

Brazed Sample Inspection by
Ultrasonic Microscope3Cold Plate Assembly

Cold Plate (8 pcs)
CouplerCoupler
Manifold

Φ６．３５ tube

4

Cold Plate assembly on the Motherboard
For super computer
Φ6.35mm Copper Tube

80W(60-100W) x 8 CPUs/Board

One tough Coupler to tube

Manifold

Total 32 memory on the board

5Cold Plate and Heat Pipe Cooler
for a Super Computer

Heat Pipe Heat Spreader for DIMM

Hub Cold Plate

Qcm Cold Plate

6

DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module) Cooling
Cooling method of DIMM : Liquid cooling + Heat spreader

Cold Rail

Cold RailHeat spreader Plate(DMS1) with Heat pipe

7

Mini Channel Cold Plate Assemblies: Different Types8Modular Refrigerator

9

Fujikura MRU Development
Prototype # 1 (Proof of Design)

Prototype # 2 (Compact andhigh performance)

Compressor

Evaporator/HeaterExpansion
Valve

Condenser +Blower

Can fit into 19 inch rack10

Fujikura Modular Refrigeration Unit
Condenser
To Evaporator

CoverCompressor

Cold Plate(Evaporator)

Cover On
 Total cooling solution designed & development by
Fujikura Group using in-house technology
 Evaporator made by FETL with advanced cold Plate
manufacturing technology.
 Heat pipe application inside MRU unit to improveCOP.
 SUS flexible tube piping made by Fujikura-Numazu.
 Assembled & inspected by Fujikura Compo Sakurawith high reliability.
 Target system price: ~ 5000 USD

Cover Off11

Temperature, °CTemp (C)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
00:00:00
00:00:35
00:01:10
00:01:45
00:02:20
00:02:55
00:03:30
00:04:05
00:04:40
00:05:15
00:05:50
00:06:25
00:07:00
00:07:35
00:08:10
00:08:45
00:09:20
00:09:55
00:10:30
00:11:05
00:11:40
00:12:15
00:12:50
00:13:25
00:14:00
00:14:35
00:15:10
00:15:45
00:16:20
00:16:55
00:17:30
00:18:05
00:18:40
00:19:15
00:19:50

Fujikura MRU: Test Results

Temparature-TimeTime, mm:ss

 Evaporator temperature
controlled at around 25– 26 °C
 Heater Input 1.8 kW

Refrigerator ON

Evaporator
Evaporator-Outlet

Evaporator-Inlet

Heater ON12

Evaporative Heat Transfer CoefficientTechnology comparison: Evaporator Heat Transfer Coefficient
Evaporative heat transfer coefficient range for eachtechnology is dependent on: Evaporator design & thickness
 Operation orientation
 Heat flux
 Heat transfer length

50 k

40 k

Two
dimensionalheat flow
Two phase
passive cooling
Heat spreadingdevice

Highly developedevaporator
Two phase passive coolingHigh heat flux and long
distance capability

One dimensional heat flow
Two phase passive coolingSingle phase cooling
Pumped circulation

30 k

20 k

15 – 35 k

20 – 50 k

10 – 20 k
8 – 15 k

10 k
5 – 10 k

Liquid PumpedCoolingThin Heat Pipes

Cylindrical HeatPipes

Thermal Control Technology

VapourChambers

Loop HeatPipes
13

Heat Spreader

14

Heat Spreader of Chips

A heat spreader is important part to be spreading heat andguard for silicon chips.
Cold forged Electro Ni plating Gold plating
CPU PackageIHS with Ni plating and gold plating

Stiffener

15

Micro-channel Vapor chamber

Thermal Resistance of Micro
Channel Vapor Chamber
Micro skiving fin is available 0.1mm
fin gap and 0.1 mm fin thickness.
16

Piezo Fan

17

Piezo Fan (Dual Cool Jet): Heat Dissipating Element

Thin, Robust, Simple Structure
18Features of DCJ

Thin DC fan for note-PC◎Miniaturization of fan bearing has
limitation on the size due to reliability.
3mm thick is required at this moment.
◎High rotation speed is needed whenreducing the thickness, and it becomes ahigh noise and high power consumption.

Ultra thin DCJ◎1mm thickness is possible.

◎Low acoustic noise (<35dBA).
◎Low power consumption (<350mW).
◎Simple structure.

◎Failure is caused from dust.
19

Sample of DCJ (40SQ)
Size (main body: W x L x T)

40x40x1 [mm]Size with frame (Wo x Lo)

60x50 [mm]Input Voltage

DC 5 [V]7.0

Driving Voltage*

AC 25 [Vrms]

6.0

Driving Frequency*

155 ±2[Hz]Max. Air Flow Rate*

15 [LPM]

Max. Static Pressure*

6 [Pa]Ｐ－Ｑ Performance（40SQ-25D-1T）

Static pressure[Pa]8.0

5.04.03.02.0
1.00.0Fan Off05101520

Air flow[L/min]

Fan On20

Reference DCJ Testing Data for 5W Cooling
DCJ running at 125 HZ and 35 Vrms ※Heater Temperature ( ºC)1009080706050
DCJ on40

DCJ off

30
20
1000123456

Power Input (W)With DCJ cooling, CPU power can be increased up to 5 W※Tested only one DCJ without any other thermal cooling parts21

4: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY _ Fabricated Module
Specification
Heat Pipe : L 175.0mm W 8.5mm T 1.5mm
Module Weight : 20gmm (Including Fan)
Maximum Height : 4.5mm

Total Resistance
Temperature ProfileTh Target LineQmax 18W

Current module Qmax is 18W
電子電装事業部門 開発発表会 , 27th December ,2012 22

Direct Methanol FuelCell (DMFC)

23

Energy Density of Selected Fuels
Energy Sources

Volumetric Energy
Density(Watt*hours/Liter)

Specific Energy
Density(Watt*hours/kg)

Li-ion Batteries

450

200

Hydrogen + Container
Compr (2000 psi)

520

248

Hydrogen/Metal Hydride

600

236

Methanol*

4,817

6,098

Formic Acid

2,050

1,724

*Methanol has the highest energy density.
24Technical highlight - Passive water balance
operatione-Water
MeOH

H2 OAir
O2Methanol

CO2 vent(1)

(2)

(3)

(1) Methanol permeable membrane(2) DMFC MEA(3) Air and water management layer

Water Balance Operation:• Water is produced at the cathode.
• About 1/3 generated water is reused at anode for electrochemical reaction.
• About 2/3 generated water is released from the system.

25

Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)
DMFC is investigated based on our thermal and liquid feeding technology.

Strong point- Unique fuel delivering system- Pocket size
- High energy conversion efficiency using exhaust heat (1kW type)Output power [W]Size [mm]Supplying watertemperature [oC]
Applications

2W output prototype

1kW output prototype

2

1,000

135 x 75 x 23

400 x 500 x 150-50

Portable electronics device(Smart phone, mobile PC)

Aviation, Passenger ship,etc.
26

2W DMFC
Fuel tankPackageStack

DC-DC converter

Internal structure

1. Sequencing fuel bottle to charge fuel into the DMFC stack
2. Connecting DMFC to the portable electronic device.
3. DMFC will automatically start to charge the electronic device.
1. H×L×t : 75×140×38 mm
2. Weight without fuel : 230g (With fuel : 260g)
3. Power output : 4-5W·h for 1 fuel pushing.
4. Working time: up to 8 hours (Automatically stop)
5. Orientation independent
6. Working temperature : 10 – 35oC (0 -40oC in future).
7. Ambient relative humidity : 10 – 100%27

Performance & Durability of passive DMFC system

P ow er output (W )1.2
C #125oC and 50%RH

1.0

C #120

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
060

120

180
T im e (m ins)

240300360• Working time: 6 hours with one fuel charging.
• Total power output: C#1 (4.60W·h); C#120(4.55W·h).
• Fuel utilization: 1.4 W·h/g of fuel.
• We tested this DMFC charger in last 6 months for total 120 operation cycles.

28

1KW DMFC

300mm

400mm

600 mmOverall Dimensions: 600mm (W) x 400mm (D) x 330mm (H)29

1KW DMFC
Air blower

Methanol sensor

Liquid pump

Heat exchanger

Liquid pumpstack

Water tank

Methanolsolution tank30

Performance of large active area single cell (180cm2)
8.00E-01

Power output, 75C, 1.75% MeOH at 0.4ml/A,
dry air1.80E+01

7.00E-01

1.40E+01

6.00E-01
Voltage (V)Power (W)

1.60E+01

1.20E+01

5.00E-01

1.00E+01

4.00E-01

8.00E+00

6.00E+00

3.00E-01

4.00E+00

2.00E-01

E_Stack[V]-0710

E_Stack[V]-0625
Power[W]-0710
Power[W]-0625

2.00E+00

1.00E-01

0.00E+00

0.00E+00-2.00E+00
0.00E+001.00E+012.00E+013.00E+014.00E+015.00E+016.00E+017.00E+01
Current (A)•••The peak power output is 16.5W.
Assume 61 cells in one stack, the stack power output is 1,000W.
In order to increase the stack power output to 1,200W, 20% up of
performance is needed.

•Our target is to increase single cell power output 20 to 25W.
31

Energy balance diagram of 1.0 kW DMFC

5.3 kW ofmethanol

4.0 kW of heat

1.3 kW of total electrical power

150 W forair blower

1.0 kW of net
electricalpower

150 W for the otheractive components
32Thanks

33