Copyright © UK ENIC 2022

UK ENICInternational Secondary Assessment
during the COVID-19 Pandemic(2020-2022)
A Quick Reference Guide
June 2022

Contents
Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1
How to use this guide ........................................................................................................ 1
Further resources .............................................................................................................. 2
Index of exams and assessment ........................................................................................... 3
Details of changes to exams and assessment..................................................................... 19

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Introduction
This guide provides a summary of disruption to exams and assessment for upper secondary
qualifications globally during the COVID-19 pandemic, covering arrangements for 2020,2021 and 2022.
It is designed as a resource for admissions teams, credential evaluators and those seeking
to understand assessment for secondary qualifications awarded between 2020 and 2022.

How to use this guide
The first section, index of exams and assessment, contains a table indicating whether final
exams went ahead for over 150 qualifications from around 110 different countries andterritories. For qualifications for which exams were held, the table also indicates whether theexams were delayed and whether assessment was adapted due to the pandemic. For
countries where there were changes, a link is provided to the second section of the guide.

Link to further information on
arrangements for
qualifications from India.

Quick visual guide to exam
arrangements for each year.

The second section, details of changes to exams and assessment, provides further
information on any disruption. For example, when exams went ahead if they were delayed,or a brief description of any adjustments that were made to assessment.

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Further resources
This guide is intended to complement other UK ENIC resources on assessment during the
COVID-19 pandemic.
UK ENIC has published a number of special reports, which analyse approaches toassessment in 2020 and 2021, and the impact of the disruption on student performance andgrading. These reports also provide more in-depth guidance on alternative assessment incases where some or all exams were cancelled.

The Effects of COVID-19 on International Secondary
Assessment: Summer 2021 Update (September 2021)
In the first half of 2021, school closures continued to affect learners
across the world as countries responded to increases in cases and theemergence of new variants of the virus. Although fewer countries
cancelled exams than in 2020, the ongoing disruption has led tochanges to examinations and assessment for a second year.
This report summarises exam cancellations and postponements, andother changes to assessment in 2021. It also provides more in-depth
guidance on alternative assessment where some or all exams werecancelled, with details of the approaches taken in France, India,
Ireland, Italy and the UK.

COVID-19: Guide to International Secondary
Assessment in 2020 (March 2021)
Since March 2020, UK ENIC has been tracking the impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic on education globally. School closures had asignificant impact on school examinations and assessment; in manycases, national examinations were postponed, adapted or cancelled.
This report provides an overview of upper secondary assessment forover 120 qualifications worldwide, and analysis of the different
approaches adopted globally. It also examines how changes toassessment affected student performance and grading.

The Effects of COVID-19 on International Secondary
Assessment (May 2020)
On 17th March 2020, UK NARIC published its first issue of Charting
the impact of COVID-19 on UK admissions and recruitment,summarising school closures and the anticipated impact on
examinations in what were then the top four countries for COVID-19
cases – China, Italy, Iran and South Korea.
By early April, over 150 countries had closed schools as a result of thepandemic. This Special Report intends to build upon the global
coverage provided by the blog, capturing the different global
approaches to secondary assessment and the potential implications ofthese for further and higher education admissions. It provides asummary of arrangements, covering over 80 countries, with moredetailed guidance on the UK, France, India, Ireland, Malta, Pakistan,
the Caribbean and the USA.

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Index of exams and assessment
Key:

Exams went ahead / are due to go ahead
Exams postponed or delayed*
Format of exams adapted
Exams cancelled
Other***compared to dates originally announced, or compared to the usual timetable** other arrangement e.g. more than one assessment route available

Country

Qualification

Albania

Diplomë e Maturës Shtetërore

Algeria

Baccalauréat de l'Enseignement Secondaire

2020

2021

2022

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Qualification

Anguilla

Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination(CAPE)

Antigua andBarbudaCaribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination(CAPE)

2020

2021

2022

Միջնակարգ (ընդհանուր) կրթության ատեստատ
(Certificate of Secondary General Education)
ArmeniaՎԿԱՅԱԳԻՐ
(Certificate of Unified Examination)

Australia –ACTAustralian Capital Territory Year 12 Certificate

Australia –New South Wales

Higher School Certificate

Australia –Northern Territory

Northern Territory Certificate of Education andTraining

Australia Queensland

Queensland Certificate of Education

Australia –South Australia

South Australian Certificate of Education

Australia Tasmania

Tasmanian Certificate of Education

Australia Victoria

Victorian Certificate of Education

Australia –Western Australia

Western Australia Certificate of Education.

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Qualification

Austria

Reifeprüfung / Matura

2020

2021

2022

‫شهادة الثانوية العامة‬Bahrain(General Secondary Education Certificate)

Bangladesh

Higher Secondary Certificate

Barbados

Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination(CAPE)

Belgium –Flemish speaking
community

Diploma van secundair onderwijs

Belgium –French speaking
community

Certificat d'enseignement secondaire supérieur(CESS)

Belgium –German speaking
community

Abschlusszeugnis der Oberstufe desSekundarunterrichts

BelizeCaribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination(CAPE)

BhutanBhutan Higher Secondary Education Certificate

Botswana

Botswana General Certificate of Secondary
Education

BrazilExame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM)

TBC

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Qualification

British Virgin
Islands

Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination(CAPE)

Brunei

Brunei / Cambridge GCE A Level

BulgariaДиплома за средно образование
(Diploma of Completed Secondary Education)

Cambodia

Diploma of Upper Secondary Education

Canada –Alberta

Alberta High School Diploma

Canada –British Colombia

British Columbia Certificate of Graduation

Canada Manitoba

Manitoba High School Diploma

Canada –New Brunswick

New Brunswick High School Diploma

Canada –Newfoundlandand Labrador

Newfoundland and Labrador High School
Graduation Diploma

Canada –Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia High School Graduation Diploma

Canada –Ontario

Ontario Secondary School Diploma

Cayman Islands

Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination(CAPE)

2020

2021

2022

No change (noexternal provincial
exams)

No change (noexternal provincial
exams)

No change (noexternal provincial
exams)

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Qualification

China

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (高考) (Gaokao –National College Entrance Examination (NCEE))

Croatia

Svjedodžba o maturi / Svjedodžba o državnoj
maturi / Potvrda o položenim ispitima državne
mature(Matura Certificate / State Matura Certificate)

CyprusΠαγκύπριες Εξετάσεις - Pankýpries Exetáseis
(Pancyprian Examinations)

Czech RepublicVysvědčení o maturitní zkoušce(Secondary School Leaving Certificate)

Denmark

Bevis for Højere Forberedelseseksamen(Higher Preparatory Examination Certificate)

Dominica

Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination(CAPE)

Egypt‫شهادة الثانوية العامة‬(Certificate of General Secondary Education)

Estonia

Gümnaasiumi lõputunnistus with theRiigieksamitunnistus (Secondary School Leaving
Certificate with the State Examination Certificate)

Ethiopia

University Entrance Examination

Finland

Ylioppilastutkintotodistus / Studentexamensbetyg(Matriculation Examination)

FranceDiplôme du baccalauréat général

2020

2021

2022

TBC

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Qualification

GambiaWest African Senior School Certificate Examination

Georgia

2020

2021

2022

სრული ზოგადი განათლების ატესტატი
(General Education Diploma)
Unified National Examinations

Germany

Zeugnis der Allgemeinen Hochschulreife / Abitur

GhanaWest African Senior School Certificate ExaminationΑΠΟΛΥΤΗΡΙΟ ΓΕΝΙΚΟΥ ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ
(Upper Secondary School Leaving Certificate)

GreecePanhellenic Examinations
GrenadaCaribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination(CAPE)

GuyanaCaribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination(CAPE)

Hong Kong

Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education

Hungary

Érettségi Bizonyítvány(Secondary Education Graduation Certificate /Matura)Iceland

Stúdentspróf (academic) (Matriculation Certificate)

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Qualification

2020

2021

2022

Council for the Indian School Certificate
Examinations (CISCE) - Indian School Certificate
India

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) - All
India Senior School Certificate Examination / Delhi
Senior School Certificate Examination
National Institute of Open Schooling - Senior
Secondary School Examination

India –
Andhra PradeshIntermediate Public Examination

India –
Assam

Higher Secondary Examination

India –
Bihar

Intermediate Examination

India Chhattisgarh

Higher Secondary School Certificate Examination

India –
Goa

Higher Secondary School Certificate Examination

India –
GujaratHigher Secondary Certificate Examination

India –
Haryana

Senior Secondary Examination

India –
Karnataka

Second Year Pre-University Examination

India –
KeralaHigher Secondary Examination Certificate

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Qualification

India –
Madhya Pradesh

Higher Secondary School Certificate Examination

India Maharashtra

Higher Secondary Certificate Examination

India –
OdishaHigher Secondary Certificate Examination

India –
PunjabSenior Secondary (12th Class) Examination
Certificate

India –
Rajasthan

Senior Secondary Examination

India –
Tamil Nadu

Higher Secondary Course Certificate

India –
TelanganaIntermediate Public Examination, Second Year

India –
Uttar PradeshIntermediate Examination

India UttarakhandIntermediate Examination

India –
West Bengal

Higher Secondary Examination

Indonesia

Ijazah - Sekolah Menengah Atas / Madrasah Aliyah(SMA / MA)(Certificate of Graduation from Academic / Islamic
Secondary School)

2020

2021

2022

No change (external
assessment
discontinued)

No change (external
assessment
discontinued)

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Qualification

2020

2021

2022

No change (noexternal national
exams)

No change (noexternal national
exams)

No change (noexternal national
exams)

International AS & A Levels (Cambridge
International Assessment Education)
International AS & A Levels (Oxford International
AQA Examinations)International
International AS & A Levels (Pearson)
International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme
Iran

KonkurIraq‫الثانوية‬/ ‫شهادة الدراسة االعدادية‬(Certificate of Preparatory Education / Secondary
School Certificate / Baccalaureat)

Ireland

Leaving Certificate

Israel‫בגרות תעודת‬(Matriculation Certificate / Bagrut)

Italy

Diploma di Esame di Stato

Jamaica

Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination(CAPE)

Japan

高等学校卒業証書(Upper Secondary School Leaving Certificate)

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Qualification

2020

National Centre Test for University Admissions(大学入試センター試験) (to 2020)
Common Test for University Admissions(大学入学共通テスト) (from 2021)
JordanKazakhstan

2021

2022

N/A

N/A

N/A

‫شهادة الدراسة الثانوية العامة‬(Certificate of General Secondary Education)Сертификат ЕНТ (Единое Национальное
Тестирование) (Certificate of UNT (Unified
National Testing))Oрта білім туралы аттестат
(Certificate of Completed Secondary Education)

Kenya

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

TBC‫شهادة الثانوية العامة‬Kuwait(General Secondary Education Certificate)
LatviaAtestāts par vispārējo vidējo izglītību
(Certificate of General Secondary Education)

LebanonBaccalauréat

Liberia

Senior School Certificate

Libya‫شهادة الدراسة الثانوية العامة‬(Secondary Education Certificate)

Lithuania

Brandos Atestatas(Secondary School Leaving Certificate)
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Qualification

Luxembourg

Diplôme de fin d'études secondaires

2020

2021

2022

STPM (Sijil Tinggi Pelajaran Malaysia)(Malaysia Certificate of Education)
Malaysia

UEC (Unified Examination Certificate) Senior
Middle Level
Matrikulasi (Matriculation Certificate)

Malta

Matriculation Certificate Examination

Moldova

Diplomă de BacalaureatMontserrat

Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination(CAPE)‫شهادة البكالوريا‬Morocco(Attestation du Baccalauréat)
Myanmar

Basic Education High School Examination /Matriculation Examination

Namibia

Namibia Senior Secondary Certificate

Nepal

School Leaving Certificate Examination (Grade XI& XII)

Netherlands

Hoger Algemeen Voortgezet Onderwijs (HAVO)
diplomaTBC

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Qualification

2020

2021

2022

Voorbereidend Wetenschappelijk Onderwijs (VWO)
New Zealand

National Certificate of Educational Achievement(NCEA) Level 3

TBC

Senior School Certificate
NigeriaWest African Senior School Certificate
North MacedoniaДржавната матура (Matura)

NorwayVitnemål for videregående opplæring
(Leaving Certificate from Upper Secondary School)‫دبلوم التعليم العام‬Oman(General Education Diploma)
PakistanIntermediate / Higher Secondary Certificate

Philippines

Senior High School Certificate / Diploma

PolandŚwiadectwo Dojrzałości
(Certificate of Maturity)

Portugal

Diploma Nível Secundário de Educação /Certificado Nível Secundário de Educação
‫شهادة الثانوية العامة‬Qatar(General Secondary Education Certificate)
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Qualification

Romania

Diplomă de Bacalaureat

RussiaЕдиный государственный экзамен, ЕГЭ(Unified State Examination)

Sierra Leone

West African Senior School Certificate

Singapore

Singapore GCE A level

Slovakia

Vysvedčenie o maturitnej skúške(Secondary School Leaving Certificate)

Slovenia

Aturitetno spričevalo (Matura Certificate)
Also known as: Splošna Matura (General Matura
Certificate) / Spričevalo o splošni maturi (Certificateof General Matura (Examination))

South Africa

National Senior Certificate

South Korea고등학교 졸업증명서 / 고등학교 졸업장(High School Diploma / High School Certificate of
Graduation)

2020

2021

2022

No change (noexternal national
examinations)

No change (noexternal national
examinations)

No change (noexternal national
examinations)

No change (noexternal national
examinations)

No change (noexternal national
examinations)

No change (noexternal national
examinations)대학수학능력시험(College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT / Suneung)
Título de Bachiller
Spain
Evaluación de Acceso a la Universidad (EvAU)(university entrance exam)
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Qualification

Sri Lanka

Sri Lankan General Certificate of Education(Advanced level)

St Kitts and Nevis

Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination(CAPE)St Lucia

Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination(CAPE)

St Vincent and
the Grenadines

Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination(CAPE)

2020

2021

2022
TBC

Avgångsbetyg / Slutbetyg från Gymnasieskola(Upper Secondary School Leaving Certificate)
SwedenHögskoleförberedande Examen(Higher Education Preparatory Diploma)
Switzerland

Maturitätszeugnis / Certificat de maturité / Attestato
di maturità

Syria‫شهادة الدراسة الثانوية العامة‬(General Secondary Certificate)
指定科目考試 (Advanced Subjects Test (AST))

Taiwan

學科能力測驗(General Scholastic Ability Test
(GSAT))

ThailandOrdinary National Test (O-NET) – Grade 12

Trinidad andTobagoCaribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination(CAPE)

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Qualification

Tunisia

Baccalauréat

TurkeyYükseköğretim Kurumları Sınavı (YKS) (university
entrance exam)

Turks and Caicos
Islands

Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination(CAPE)

UgandaUganda Advanced Certificate of Education

Ukraine

2021

2022

Свідоцтво про здобуття повної загально
(Certificate of Complete General Secondary
Education)Сертифікат зовнішнього незалежного
оцінювання (Certificate of Independent External
Examination)

United ArabEmirates‫شهادة الدراسة الثانوية العامة‬(General Secondary Education Certificate
Examination)

United Kingdom –England, Walesand Northern
IrelandGeneral Certificate of Education (GCE) Advanced
Levels (A levels)

United Kingdom Scotland

Highers / Advanced Highers

United States ofAmerica

2020

ACT
Advanced Placement (AP)17

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Qualification

2020

2021

2022

SAT
O'rta Ma'lumot To'g'risida Shahodatnoma(Certificate of Completed Secondary Education)
Uzbekistan
National university entrance examination
VietnamBằng Tốt Nghiệp Trung Học Phổ Thông (THPT)(Senior Secondary School Graduation Diploma)
General Certificate of Education

ZambiaSchool Certificate
Zimbabwe

A Level18
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Details of changes to exams and assessment
Algeria
Baccalauréat de l'Enseignement Secondaire
2020: Exams were held later than usual, in September.

Anguilla
Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)
2020: Exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were postponed until July and the format
was modified. CAPE assessments were held from 13th July and results were released on
22nd September. Exams consisted of multiple-choice questions and were marked
electronically.

Antigua and Barbuda
Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)
2020: Exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were postponed until July and the format
was modified. CAPE assessments were held from 13th July and results were released on
22nd September. Exams consisted of multiple-choice questions and were marked
electronically.

ArmeniaՄիջնակարգ (ընդհանուր) կրթության ատեստատ (Certificate of Secondary General
Education)
2020: Exams were cancelled and results were based on students’ performance up until
March 2020.

Australia – New South Wales
Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC)
2021: Exams were held in November after originally being scheduled for October.

Austria
Reifeprüfung / Matura
2020: Exams were held around two weeks later than usual. Students took written exams inthree subjects and oral examinations were cancelled.
2021: Exams were held in the usual format, around two weeks later than normal.
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Bahrain‫( شهادة الثانوية العامة‬General Secondary Certificate)2020: Final written exams were cancelled.

Bangladesh
Higher Secondary Certificate
2020: Exams were cancelled. Students were awarded grades based on their previous
performance in the Secondary School Certificate and Junior School Certificate.
2021: Exams were held in November / December 2021, around six months later than usual.
2022: Exams are scheduled to take place in late August 2022.

Barbados
Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)
2020: Exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were postponed until July and the format
was modified. CAPE assessments were held from 13th July and results were released on
22nd September. Exams consisted of multiple-choice questions and were marked
electronically.

Belgium – French speaking community
Certificat d'enseignement secondaire supérieur (CESS)
2020: Exams were cancelled and results were based on students’ achievement throughout
the school year.

BelizeCaribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)
2020: Exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were postponed until July and the format
was modified. CAPE assessments were held from 13th July and results were released on
22nd September. Exams consisted of multiple-choice questions and were marked
electronically.

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BhutanHigher Secondary Education Certificate
2020: Exams for 2020 were conducted in March 2021.
2021: 2021 exams were held in February 2022.
2022: Dates for the 2022 exams have not yet been announced.

BrazilExame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM)
2020: The ENEM, which was due to take place at the start of November 2020, was held inJanuary / February 2021.

British Virgin Islands
Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)
2020: Exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were postponed until July and the format
was modified. CAPE assessments were held from 13th July and results were released on
22nd September. Exams consisted of multiple-choice questions and were marked
electronically.

BulgariaДиплома за средно образование (Diploma of Completed Secondary Education)
2020: State examinations took place 1st-4th June, a little later than usual.

Cambodia
Diploma of Upper Secondary Education
2020: Exams were cancelled and students were automatically given a pass grade.

Canada – Alberta
Alberta High School Diploma
2020: Diploma exams were optional in 2020.
2021: Diploma exams were optional in the 2020-21 academic year.
2022: The weighting given to diploma exams was reduced from 30% to 10% for the relevant
courses.
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Canada – Manitoba
Manitoba High School Diploma
2020: Exams were cancelled. (N.B. The majority of courses are internally assessed, with
only a small number of provincial exams in specific subjects.)
2021: Exams were cancelled.
2022: Exams were cancelled.

Canada – New Brunswick
New Brunswick High School Diploma
2020: Exams were cancelled. (N.B. The majority of courses are internally assessed, with
only a small number of provincial exams in specific subjects.)

Canada – Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador High School Graduation Diploma
2020: Exams were cancelled. (N.B. The majority of courses are internally assessed, with
only a small number of provincial exams in specific subjects.)
2021: Exams were cancelled.
2022: Exams were cancelled.

Canada – Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia High School Graduation Diploma
2020: Exams were cancelled. (N.B. The majority of courses are internally assessed, with
only a small number of provincial exams in specific subjects.)

Canada – Ontario
Ontario Secondary School Diploma
2020: Exams were cancelled. (N.B. The majority of courses are internally assessed, with
only a small number of provincial exams in specific subjects.)
2021: Students were not required to take the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test
(OSSLT) in order to graduate.
2022: Students were not required to take the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test
(OSSLT) in order to graduate.
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Cayman Islands
Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)
2020: Exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were postponed until July and the format
was modified. CAPE assessments were held from 13th July and results were released on
22nd September. Exams consisted of multiple-choice questions and were marked
electronically.

China
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (高考) (Gaokao – National College Entrance Examination(NCEE))
2020: Gaokao exams were postponed by one month and held in July 2020.
2022: Gaokao exams went ahead as normal, apart from in Shanghai, where they were
delayed by one month.

Croatia
Svjedodžba o maturi / Svjedodžba o državnoj maturi / Potvrda o položenim ispitimadržavne mature (Matura Certificate / State Matura Certificate)2020: Exams were held in June, later than usual, and results were released in July.

CyprusΠαγκύπριες Εξετάσεις - Pankýpries Exetáseis (Pancyprian Examinations)2020: Exams were held in late June, later than usual, and results were released in July.

Czech RepublicVysvědčení o maturitní zkoušce (Secondary School Leaving Certificate)2020: Exams were held in June, later than usual, and results were released in July.

Denmark
Bevis for Højere Forberedelseseksamen (Higher Preparatory Examination Certificate)2020: The number of exams was reduced.
2021: The number of exams was reduced.

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Dominica
Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)
2020: Exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were postponed until July and the format
was modified. CAPE assessments were held from 13th July and results were released on
22nd September. Exams consisted of multiple-choice questions and were marked
electronically.

Egypt‫( شهادة الثانوية العامة‬Certificate of General Secondary Education)
2020: Exams were delayed and took place in June and July.

Estonia
Gümnaasiumi lõputunnistus with the Riigieksamitunnistus (Secondary School
Leaving Certificate with the State Examination Certificate)2020: State examinations were optional.

Ethiopia
University Entrance Examination
2020: The 2020 exam was held in February 2021.
2021: The 2021 exam was held in November 2021.
2022: Dates are still to be confirmed for the 2022 exam.

FranceDiplôme du baccalauréat général
2020: Exams were cancelled and results were based on continuous assessment throughout
the final year.
2021: Students only took an oral exam and a written exam in philosophy; other exams werecancelled.

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GambiaWest African Senior School Certificate Examination
2020: Exams were delayed and took place in August / September 2020. Results werereleased in November 2020.
2021: Exams were delayed and took place in August / September 2021. Results werereleased in November 2021.

Georgiaსრული ზოგადი განათლების ატესტატი (General Education Diploma)
2020: Final exams were cancelled.

GhanaWest African Senior School Certificate Examination
2020: Exams were delayed and took place in August / September 2020. Results werereleased in November 2020.
2021: Exams were delayed and took place in August / September 2021. Results werereleased in November 2021.

GreeceΑΠΟΛΥΤΗΡΙΟ ΓΕΝΙΚΟΥ ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ (Upper Secondary School Leaving Certificate)2020: Final exams were cancelled.

Panhellenic Examinations
2020: Exams went ahead slightly later than usual.

GrenadaCaribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)
2020: Exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were postponed until July and the format
was modified. CAPE assessments were held from 13th July and results were released on
22nd September. Exams consisted of multiple-choice questions and were marked
electronically.

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GuyanaCaribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)
2020: Exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were postponed until July and the format
was modified. CAPE assessments were held from 13th July and results were released on
22nd September. Exams consisted of multiple-choice questions and were marked
electronically.

Hong Kong
Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE)
2020: Exams were delayed by one month. Speaking exams for English and Chinese werecancelled.
2021: Assessment was streamlined, with the duration and content of some exams reduced.

Hungary
Érettségi Bizonyítvány (Secondary Education Graduation Certificate / Matura)2020: Students only sat written exams; oral exams were cancelled.

India
Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) - Indian School
Certificate
2020: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) - All India Senior School Certificate
Examination / Delhi Senior School Certificate Examination
2020: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.
2022: Exams were held in two sessions, with 50% of the syllabus assessed in each. The firstsession was in November / December 2021 and the second session in March / April 2022.

National Institute of Open Schooling - Senior Secondary School Examination
2020: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.
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India – Andhra PradeshIntermediate Public Examination
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

India – Assam
Higher Secondary Examination
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

India – Chhattisgarh
Higher Secondary School Certificate Examination
2020: Some exams were cancelled. Grades for subjects in which exams were cancelledwere based on internal assessment.
2021: Students sat exams in an adapted format at home in June 2021.

India – Goa
Higher Secondary School Certificate Examination
2020: Most exams went ahead in March, with a small number of papers postponed until
May.
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

India – Gujarat
Higher Secondary Certificate Examination
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

India – Haryana
Senior Secondary Examination
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

India – Karnataka
Second Year Pre-University Examination
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

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India – Kerala
Higher Secondary Examination Certificate
2020: Exams were due to be held in March and were delayed until May.

India – Madhya Pradesh
Higher Secondary School Certificate Examination
2020: Some exams were held in March and others were held in June.
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

India – Maharashtra
Higher Secondary Certificate Examination
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

India – Odisha
Higher Secondary Certificate Examination
2020: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

India – Punjab
Senior Secondary (12th Class) Examination Certificate
2020: Some exams were cancelled. Grades for cancelled exams were awarded according to‘best performing subjects formula’ – the average of the best three results in exams that went
ahead.
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

India – Rajasthan
Senior Secondary Examination
2020: Some exams delayed until June 2020.
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

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India – Tamil Nadu
Higher Secondary Course Certificate
2020: Some exams were cancelled.
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

India – Telangana
Intermediate Public Examination, Second Year
2020: A small number of exams were delayed.
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

India – Uttar PradeshIntermediate Examination
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

India – UttarakhandIntermediate Examination
2020: Some exams were delayed.
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

India – West Bengal
Higher Secondary Examination
2020: Some exams were cancelled. Grades for cancelled exams were awarded based on
the best marks achieved in exams in other subjects.
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on students’ past performance.

Indonesia
Ijazah - Sekolah Menengah Atas / Madrasah Aliyah (SMA / MA) (Certificate of
Graduation from Academic / Islamic Secondary School)
2020: National exams (Ujian Nasional) were due to be discontinued from 2021 but ended ayear earlier due to the pandemic.

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International
International AS & A Levels (Cambridge International Assessment Education)
2020: Exams were cancelled. Students were awarded centre assessed grades based onteacher assessment. Initially, students were issued the results calculated following astandardisation process. However, after the original standardisation process was judged to
be unfair, students were awarded the grades submitted by their schools if they were higher
than their standardised grades.
2021: Cambridge Assessment International Education went ahead with exams, apart from incountries and regions where government directives meant that it was possible to holdexams. In these instances, students were awarded school-assessed grades. Countries
where exams were cancelled include India, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United
Arab Emirates.
2022: Exams went ahead, with the exception of a number of locations in China, including
Shanghai. In these instances, students were awarded school-assessed grades.

International AS & A Levels (Oxford International AQA Examinations)2020: Exams were cancelled. Students were awarded centre assessed grades based onteacher assessment. Initially, students were issued the results calculated following astandardisation process. However, after the original standardisation process was judged to
be unfair, students were awarded the grades submitted by their schools if they were higher
than their standardised grades.
2021: Exams were cancelled. Students were awarded teacher assessed grades.
2022: Exams went ahead, with the exception of a number of locations in China, including
Shanghai. In these instances, students were awarded school-assessed grades.

International AS & A Levels (Pearson)
2020: Exams were cancelled. Students were awarded centre assessed grades based onteacher assessment. Initially, students were issued the results calculated following astandardisation process. However, after the original standardisation process was judged to
be unfair, students were awarded the grades submitted by their schools if they were higher
than their standardised grades.
2021: Exams were cancelled. Students were awarded teacher assessed grades.
2022: Exams went ahead, with the exception of a number of locations in China, including
Shanghai. In these instances, students were awarded school-assessed grades.

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International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme
2020: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on coursework and teacher assessment.
2021: A dual assessment route was offered. Written exams were held where they could be
conducted safely; an alternative route based on internal school assessment and coursework
was offered where it was not possible to hold exams.
2022: Exams went ahead, with the exception of a number of locations in China, including
Shanghai. In these instances, the alternative assessment route was used.

Iran
Konkur
2020: The exam was delayed and took place later than usual.

Iraq‫الثانوية‬/ ‫( شهادة الدراسة االعدادية‬Certificate of Preparatory Education / Secondary School
Certificate / Baccalaureat)
2020: Exams were delayed by three months and were held in September 2020.
2021: Exams were held in August 2021.

Ireland
Leaving Certificate
2020: Exams were cancelled. Students received calculated grades, based on marks
submitted by teachers.
2021: Exams went ahead but students could choose whether to sit them or receive grades
accredited by the State Examinations Commission (SEC). If they opted to sit an exam, theyalso received an accredited grade, which stood as the final grade if it was higher than thegrade the student achieved in the exam.

Israel‫( תעודת בגרות‬Matriculation Certificate / Bagrut)
2020: Students only took exams in up to five subjects, instead of the usual six or seven.

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Italy
Diploma di Esame di Stato

2020: Written exams were cancelled; students only took an oral exam. Grades were basedon the oral exam and performance across the three years of upper secondary.
2021: Written exams were cancelled; students only took an oral exam. Grades are based onoral exam and performance across the three years of upper secondary.

Jamaica
Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)
2020: Exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were postponed until July and the format
was modified. CAPE assessments were held from 13th July and results were released on
22nd September. Exams consisted of multiple-choice questions and were marked
electronically.

KazakhstanOрта білім туралы аттестат (Certificate of Completed Secondary Education)
2020: Exams were cancelled.

Kenya
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
2020: 2020 KCSE exams were held in March 2021.
2021: 2021 KCSE exams were held in March 2022.

Kuwait‫( شهادة الثانوية العامة‬General Secondary Education Certificate)2020: Exams were cancelled.

LatviaAtestāts par vispārējo vidējo izglītību (Certificate of General Secondary Education)
2021: The format of the exams was adapted so there was no mandatory fourth exam.
2022: The format of the exams was adapted so there was no mandatory fourth exam.

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LebanonBaccalauréat
2020: Exams were cancelled.
2021: Exams were held in July 2021.

LiberiaWest African Senior School Certificate Examination
2020: Exams were delayed and took place in August / September 2020. Results werereleased in November 2020.
2021: Exams were delayed and took place in August / September 2021. Results werereleased in November 2021.

Libya‫( شهادة الدراسة الثانوية العامة‬Secondary Education Certificate)2020: Exams were delayed and results were released in December 2020.
2021: Exams were delayed and held in October 2021.

Luxembourg
Diplôme de fin d'études secondaires
2021: The content of the exams was reduced by 15%.

Malaysia
STPM (Sijil Tinggi Pelajaran Malaysia) (Malaysia Certificate of Education)
2020: Exams for semesters 2 and 3 were held later than usual.

UEC (Unified Examination Certificate) Senior Middle Level
2020: Exams were delayed and held in December 2020.

Matrikulasi (Matriculation Certificate)2020: Final exams were cancelled. Grades were based on Semester 1 exam results andcontinuous assessment.
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Malta
Matriculation Certificate Examination
2020: Exams were delayed and took place in between the end of August and the beginningof October 2020, with results released in November 2020.

Moldova
Diplomă de Bacalaureat
2020: Exams were cancelled.

Montserrat
Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)
2020: Exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were postponed until July and the format
was modified. CAPE assessments were held from 13th July and results were released on
22nd September. Exams consisted of multiple-choice questions and were marked
electronically.

Morocco‫( شهادة البكالوريا‬Attestation du Baccalauréat)
2020: Exams took place later than usual, in July.
2022: Exams were scheduled for July due to the academic year starting later.

Namibia
Namibia Senior Secondary Certificate
2021: Exams were suspended due to leaked exam papers and rescheduled for Jan / Feb
2022.

Nepal
School Leaving Certificate Examination (Grade XI & XII)
2020: Exams were due to be held in March / April 2020 and postponed by eight months, toNovember 2020. The weighting of the final exam was reduced, with Grade 11 marks andteacher assessment also counting towards the final grade.
2021: Exams were delayed and took place in September 2021.

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Netherlands
Hoger Algemeen Voortgezet Onderwijs (HAVO) diploma
2020: External exams were cancelled. Students obtained their school leaving certificates
based on their results in the school exams.

Voorbereidend Wetenschappelijk Onderwijs (VWO)
2020: External exams were cancelled. Students obtained their school leaving certificates
based on their results in the school exams.

New Zealand
National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) Level 3
2021: NCEA exams went ahead, but students in Auckland, Waikato and Northland also
received Unexpected Event Grades (UEGs) based on evidence submitted to the New
Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA) by teachers. If these students chose to sit theexams, the higher of the two grades stood.

NigeriaWest African Senior School Certificate Examination
2020: Exams were delayed and took place in August / September 2020. Results werereleased in November 2020.
2021: Exams were delayed and took place in August / September 2021. Results werereleased in November 2021.

North MacedoniaДржавната матура (Matura)
2021: Exam was adapted and consisted of two external and two internal exams plus a
project task.

NorwayVitnemål for videregående opplæring (Leaving Certificate from Upper Secondary
School)2020: Exams were cancelled. Grades were based on achievement over the academic year.
2021: Exams were cancelled. Grades were based on achievement over the academic year.
2022: Exams were cancelled. Grades were based on achievement over the academic year.
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Oman‫( دبلوم التعليم العام‬General Education Diploma)
2020: Exams were cancelled.

PakistanIntermediate / Higher Secondary Certificate
2020: Exams were cancelled. Final grades were based on the marks achieved in the Part I
examinations, taken in Grade 11, plus an additional 3%.
2021: Exams were postponed until July and the syllabus was reduced.

Philippines
Senior High School Certificate / Diploma
2021: Exams were cancelled.
2022: Exams were cancelled.

PolandŚwiadectwo Dojrzałości (Certificate of Maturity)
2020: Exams were held later than usual. Students only sat written exams; oral exams werecancelled.
2021: Students only sat written exams; oral exams were cancelled.

Portugal
Diploma Nível Secundário de Educação / Certificado Nível Secundário de Educação
2020: Exams were held later than usual. Exams were for higher education admission only;
the diploma was awarded on basis of school assessment.
2021: Exams were for higher education admission only; the diploma was awarded on basisof school assessment.
2022: Exams were for higher education admission only; the diploma was awarded on basisof school assessment.

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RussiaЕдиный государственный экзамен, ЕГЭ (Unified State Examination)
2020: Students were not required to pass these exams to obtain the Certificate of Secondary
General Education; this was issued to all students in June. The state exams took place later
than usual.

Sierra Leone
West African Senior School Certificate Examination
2020: Exams were delayed and took place in August / September 2020. Results werereleased in November 2020.
2021: Exams were delayed and took place in August / September 2021. Results werereleased in November 2021.

Slovakia
Vysvedčenie o maturitnej skúške (Secondary School Leaving Certificate)2020: External exams were cancelled.
2021: External exams were cancelled.

Spain
Evaluación de Acceso a la Universidad (EvAU) (university entrance exam)
2020: The exams were held later than usual. Material covered after schools were closed
was not included in the exams.

Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan General Certificate of Education (Advanced level)
2020: A level exams were postponed from August to October 2020.
2021: A level exams in August were postponed and took place in February 2022.

St Kitts and Nevis
Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)
2020: Exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were postponed until July and the format
was modified. CAPE assessments were held from 13th July and results were released on
22nd September. Exams consisted of multiple-choice questions and were marked
electronically.
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St Lucia
Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)
2020: Exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were postponed until July and the format
was modified. CAPE assessments were held from 13th July and results were released on
22nd September. Exams consisted of multiple-choice questions and were marked
electronically.

St Vincent and the Grenadines
Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)
2020: Exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were postponed until July and the format
was modified. CAPE assessments were held from 13th July and results were released on
22nd September. Exams consisted of multiple-choice questions and were marked
electronically.

Switzerland
Maturitätszeugnis / Certificat de maturité / Attestato di maturità
2020: Arrangement varied by canton. Exams were cancelled in some cantons.

Trinidad and Tobago
Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)
2020: Exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were postponed until July and the format
was modified. CAPE assessments were held from 13th July and results were released on
22nd September. Exams consisted of multiple-choice questions and were marked
electronically.

Tunisia
Baccalauréat
2020: Exams were held in July, around a month later than usual.

Turks and Caicos Islands
Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE)
2020: Exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were postponed until July and the format
was modified. CAPE assessments were held from 13th July and results were released on
22nd September. Exams consisted of multiple-choice questions and were marked
electronically.
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UgandaUganda Advanced Certificate of Education
2020: Exams were held in 2021, with results released in August 2021.
2021: The next exam session will be in October - December 2022.

UkraineСвідоцтво про здобуття повної загально (Certificate of Complete General
Secondary Education)
2020: Exams were cancelled.
2021: Exams were cancelled.
2022: Exams were cancelled.

Сертифікат зовнішнього незалежного оцінювання (Certificate of Independent
External Examination)
2022: Exams are going ahead, except in regions of the country controlled by Russia.
Ukrainian literature has been dropped as a compulsory subject and the exam will take placeover ten days, with different questions each day.

United Arab Emirates‫( شهادة الدراسة الثانوية العامة‬General Secondary Education Certificate Examination)
2020: Exams were held online.
2022: The EmSAT was postponed from January to February 2022.

United Kingdom – England, Wales and Northern Ireland
General Certificate of Education (GCE) Advanced Levels (A levels)
2020: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on centre assessed grades submitted
by schools.
2021: Exams were cancelled. Results were based on grades submitted to exam boards byteachers.

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United Kingdom - Scotland
Highers / Advanced Highers
2020: Exams were cancelled. Grades were awarded based on teacher judgement.
2021: Exams were cancelled. An alternative certification model was put in place, with results
based on grades submitted by schools.

United States of America
ACT
2020: The tests due to take place in April 2020 were rescheduled for June 2020. Some test
centres remained closed.

Advanced Placement (AP)2020: Exams were taken online in an adapted format.
2022: Exams went ahead, with the exception of some locations in China, including Beijing
and Shanghai, where they were cancelled.

SAT
2020: The exams scheduled for May and June 2020 were cancelled.

Uzbekistan
O'rta Ma'lumot To'g'risida Shahodatnoma (Certificate of Completed Secondary
Education)
2020: Exams were taken online.

National university entrance examination
2021: The number of questions in the exam was reduced.

VietnamBằng Tốt Nghiệp Trung Học Phổ Thông (THPT) (Senior Secondary School Graduation
Diploma)
2020: The school year was extended into July and exams postponed until August.
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