Napara (737)Introduction(a) A list of all words which end in n in the Ṛgveda Padapāṭha when in the Saṁhitā an ambiguity
is seen, if the word ends in n, t, or m.
(n, m) + (c, j)<=> ñ + (c, j)(n, m) + (t, d, dh) <=> n + (t, d, dh)(t, n, m) + n<=> n + n
(t, n)+m<=> n + m
(n, m) + l<=> nasalized l + l(b) A list of all words which end in n in the Ṛgveda Padapātha when in the Saṁhitā
n becomes ñ before c and j;n remains unchanged before t, d, dh, n and m;n becomes nasalized l before lNapara answers the question if the word in the Padapāṭha ends in n or m when in the Saṁhitā ñ +(c, j) or n + (t, d, dh) or nasalized l + l is seen.
Napara clears the doubts if the word in the Padapāṭha ends in n or t when in the Saṁhitā n + m isseen.
When in the Saṁhitā n + n is seen Napara is needed to know if the word ends in n. If the word
does not end in n Tapara is needed to answer the question if the word ends in in t or m.
Example 1:śukrasya tvābhy akṣaran dhārā ṛtasya sādane ||1.084.04||
n + (t, d, dh) <=> (n, m) + (t, d, dh)
Is the word in the Padapāṭha akṣaran or akṣaram?
Napara 2: akṣaran if not followed by tat; in 1.84.4 akṣaran is followed by dhārā => the word in the PP isakṣaranśukrasya | tvā | abhi | akṣaran | dhārāḥ | ṛtasya | sādane ||1.084.04||
Example 2:
āpo asmān mātaraḥ śundhayantu ghṛtena no ghṛtapvaḥ punantu | (10.17.10)
n + m <=> (t, n) + m
Is the word in the Padapāṭha asmān or asmāt?
Napara 1: asmān => the word in the PP is asmānāpaḥ | asmān | mātaraḥ | śundhayantu | ghṛtena | naḥ | ghṛta-pvaḥ | punantu | (10.17.10)

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Example 3:
kadā sūnuḥ pitarañ jāta icchāc cakran nāśru vartayad vijānan | (10.45.12)
n + n <=> (t, n, m) + n
Is the word in the Padapāṭha cakrat, cakran or cakram?
Napara 14: (icchāt, aśru) cakran => the word in the PP is cakrankadā | sūnuḥ | pitaram | jātaḥ | icchāt | cakran | na | aśru | vartayat | vi-jānan | (10.95.12)

Paribhāṣā (for Napara & Tapara)praṇamya garuḍārūḍhaṁ hariṁ nīlābhrasannibham .
śeṣanārāyaṇākhyena lakṣaṇaṁ kriyate mayā ..1..
natayostu vihāyānyat savyākhyaṁ doṣavarjitam .
saṁgṛhya ślokarūpeṇa tadantāni padāni tu ..2..
After bowing down to Hari who is seated on Garuḍa and who is resembling a dark cloud this lakṣaṇa ofwords ending in n and t is made by me, Śeṣanārāyaṇa. Having abondened another lakṣaṇa this lakṣaṇa iswith explanations and free of errors. The words ending in n and t have been collected in form of ślokas.

cajayośca thakāraṁ tu hitvā tādi catuṣṭaye .
makāre ca lakāre ca pare sati vikārabhāk ..3..
padānto yo makāraśca takāro naparaśca yaḥ .
dṛśyate yeṣu tau jñātuṁ pravakṣyāmi padānyaham ..4..
When at the end of a word m, t, or n is seen and becoming modified before c, j, t, d, dh, m, and l I will tell
the words in order to know the words ending in n and t.

varṇakrameṇa gṛhyante natāntāni yathākramam .
atra khaṇdapadaṁ cāpi nānāpadavadiṣyate ..5..
These words ending in n and t are collected according to alphabetic order and in due succession (first thewords ending in n and then the words ending in t). The parts of a compound word are treated as different
words.

syāt tathetyādikaṁ cātra pūranārthaṁ vidhīyate .
natayorlakṣaṇasyaivaṁ paribhāṣā prakīrtitā ..6..
The words syāt, tathā etc. are used here for the purpose of completing the ślokas. The paribhāṣa of thelakṣaṇa of words ending in n and t is proclaimed.

Text of Napara with Commentaryabhūṣannabruvannagmannakṛṇvannaruhandivaḥ .
apaptannaśnuvannasminnasmānarvannarānayān ..1..
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abhūṣan, abruvan, agman, akṛṇvan; aruhan divaḥ;apaptan, aśnuvan, asmin, asmān, arvan, arān, ayān
jātam | yat | tvā | pari | devāḥ | abhūṣan | mahe | bharāya | puru-hūta | viśve ||3.051.08||
ekam | camasam | caturaḥ | kṛṇotana | tat | vaḥ | devāḥ | abruvan | tat | vaḥ | ā | agamam | (1.161.2)
mithaḥ | yat | tyāgam | ubhyāsaḥ | agman | naraḥ | tokasya | tanayasya | sātau ||4.024.03||
tvām | agne | prathamam | āyum | āyave | devāḥ | akṛṇvan | nahuṣasya | viśpatim |iḻām | akṛṇvan | manuṣasya | śāsanīm | pituḥ | yat | putraḥ | mamakasya | jāyate ||1.031.11||
taraṇi-tvā | ye | pituḥ | asya | saścire | ṛbhavaḥ | vājam | aruhan | divaḥ | rajaḥ ||1.110.06||sa māyā arcinā padāstṛṇān nākam āruhan nabhantām anyake same ||8.041.08||
saḥ | māyāḥ | arcinā | padā | astṛṇāt | nākam | ā | aruhat | nabhantām | anyake | same ||8.041.08||
ut | te | vayaḥ | cit | vasateḥ | apaptan | naraḥ | ca | ye | pitu-bhājaḥ | vi-uṣṭau | (1.124.12)
uta | paśyan | aśnuvan | dīrgham | āyuḥ | astam-iva | it | jarimāṇam | jagamyām ||1.116.25||
mā | naḥ | asmin | maghavan | pṛt-su | aṁhasi | nahi | te | antaḥ | śavasaḥ | pari-naśe | (1.54.1)
āpaḥ | asmān | mātaraḥ | śundhayantu | ghṛtena | naḥ | ghṛta-pvaḥ | punantu | (10.17.10)
tava | śarīram | patayiṣṇu | arvan | tava | cittam | vātaḥ-iva | dhrajīmān | (1.163.11)
aḥ | it | ūm̐ iti | rājā | kṣayati | carṣaṇīnām | arān | na | nemiḥ | pari | tā | babhūva ||1.032.15||
chardiḥ | yena | dāśuṣe | yacchati | tmanā | tat | naḥ | mahān | ut | ayān | devaḥ | aktu-bhiḥ ||4.053.01||

padāvidannaranmāsyādacikitvāṁstathāryaman .
asthirannariṣaṇyaṁśca vinā tatparamakṣaran ..2..
padā avidan; aran mā; acikitvān, aryaman,
asthiran, ariṣaṇyan; akṣaran if not followed by tat
triḥ | sapta | yat | guhyāni | tve iti | it | padā | avidan | ni-hitā | yajñiyāsaḥ | (1.72.6)
nu | cit | hi | ratnam | sasatām-iva | avidat | na | duḥ-stutiḥ | draviṇaḥ-deṣu | śasyate ||1.053.01||viśvam | jīvam | carase | bodhayantī | viśvasya | vācam | avidat | manāyoḥ ||1.092.09||
ā | ahārṣam | tvā | avidam | tvā | punaḥ | ā | agāḥ | punaḥ-nava | (10.161.5)
mā | pṛṇantaḥ | duḥ-itam | enaḥ | ā | aran | mā | jāriṣuḥ | sūrayaḥ | su-vratāsaḥ | (1.125.7)
hvayāmasi | tvā | ā | indra | yāhi | arvāṅ | aram | te | somaḥ | tanve | bhavāti | (6.41.5)
acikitvāñ cikituṣaś cid atra kavīn pṛcchāmi vidmane na vidvān | (1.164.6)
acikitvān | cikituṣaḥ | cit | atra | kavīn | pṛcchāmi | vidmane | na | vidvān | (1.164.6)
su-gaḥ | hi | vaḥ | aryaman | mitra | panthāḥ | anṛkṣaraḥ | varuṇa | sādhuḥ | asti | (2.27.6)
vi | te | vajrāsaḥ | asthiran | navatim | nāvyāḥ | anu | (1.80.8)
tvam | ha | tyat | indra | ariṣaṇyan | dṛḻhasya | cit | martānām | ajuṣṭau | (1.63.5)
śukrasya | tvā | abhi | akṣaran | dhārāḥ | ṛtasya | sādane ||1.084.04||
tataḥ | kṣarati | akṣaram | tat | viśvam | upa | jīvati ||1.164.42||

ahinvannasinvannanāgānadabdhānadṛśrannabudhranamitrānagṛbhṇan .
avardhannarakṣannavocannasṛgrannajuṣrannanakṣaṁstathārcannayujran ..3..
ahinvan, asinvan, anāgān, adabdhān, adṛśran, abudhran, amitrān, agṛbhṇan,avardhan, arakṣan, avocan, asṛgran, ajuṣran, anakṣan, arcan, ayujranvīḻau | satīḥ | abhi | dhīrāḥ | atṛndan | prācā | ahinvan | manasā | sapta | viprāḥ | (3.31.5)
asinvan | daṁṣṭraiḥ | pituḥ | atti | bhojanam | yaḥ | tā | akṛṇoḥ | prathamam | saḥ | asi | ukthyaḥ ||2.013.04||
devānām | dūtaḥ | purudha | pra-sūtaḥ | anāgān | naḥ | vocatu | sarva-tātā | (3.54.19)
riśādasaḥ | sat-patīn | adabdhān | mahaḥ | rājñaḥ | su-vasanasya | dātṝn | (6.51.4)
aśoci | agniḥ | sam-idhānaḥ | asme iti | upo iti | adṛśran | tamasaḥ | cit | antāḥ | (7.67.2)

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ut | ūm̐ iti | stomāsaḥ | aśvinoḥ | abudhran | jāmi | brahmāṇi | uṣasaḥ | ca | devīḥ | (7.72.3)
tapo iti | su | agne | antarān | amitrān | tapa | śaṁsam | araruṣaḥ | parasya | (3.18.2)
tam | gandharvāḥ | prati | agṛbhṇan | tam | some | rasam | ā | adadhuḥ | indrāya | indo iti | pari | srava||9.113.03||
sam | asmin | jāyamāne | āsata | gnāḥ | uta | īm | avardhan | nadyaḥ | sva-gūrtāḥ | (10.95.7)
viśve | devāsaḥ | adha | mām | arakṣan | duḥ-śāsuḥ | ā | agāt | iti | ghoṣaḥ | āsīt ||10.033.01||
etam | śardham | dhāma | yasya | sūreḥ | iti | avocan | daśa-tayasya | naṁśe | (1.122.12)
asṛgran | deva-vītaye | atyāsaḥ | kṛtvyāḥ-iva | (9.46.1)
svasāraḥ | śyāvīm | aruṣīm | ajuṣran | citram | ucchantīm | uṣasam | na | gāvaḥ ||1.071.01||tān | ca | pāhi | gṛṇataḥ | ca | sūrīn | vaṣaṭ | vaṣaṭ | iti | ūrdhvāsaḥ | anakṣan | namaḥ | namaḥ | iti | ūrdhvāsaḥ |anakṣan ||10.115.09||
pra | vaḥ | yajñeṣu | deva-yantaḥ | arcan | dyāvā | namaḥ-bhiḥ | pṛthivī iti | iṣadhyai | (7.43.1)
ayujran | te | indra | viśva-kṛṣṭīḥ | vidānāsaḥ | niḥ-sidhaḥ | martya-trā | (1.169.2)

ahannanantodāttaṁ syādaśnandhenuntathā bhaved .
atiṣṭhannamadannaśmannadhvannantānavīvṛdhan ..4..
ahan anantodāttaṁ; aśnan dhenum;atiṣṭhan, amadan, aśman, adhvan, antān, avīvṛdhan
sa̱mā̱ne | aha̍n | triḥ | a̱va̱dya̱-go̱ha̱nā̱ | triḥ | a̱dya | ya̱jñam | madhu̍nā | mi̱ mi̱ kṣa̱ta̱m | (1.34.3)
upa | it | a̱ham | dha̱na̱-dām | apra̍ti-itam | juṣṭā̍m | na | śye̱naḥ | va̱sa̱tim | pa̱tā̱mi̱ | (1.33.2)
kṣāma | ye | viśva-dhāyasaḥ | aśnan | dhenum | na | mātaram ||10.176.01||
adhvaryavaḥ | yaḥ | su | aśnam | jaghāna | yaḥ | śuṣṇam | aśuṣam | yaḥ | vi-aṁsam | (2.14.5)
dāsa-patnīḥ | ahi-gopāḥ | atiṣṭhan | ni-ruddhāḥ | āpaḥ | paṇinā-iva | gāvaḥ | (1.32.11)
te | tvā | madāḥ | amadan | tāni | vṛṣṇyā | te | somāsaḥ | vṛtra-hatyeṣu | sat-pate | (1.53.6)
haṁsaiḥ-iva | sakhi-bhiḥ | vāvadat-bhiḥ | aśman-mayāni | nahanā | vi-asyan | (10.67.3)
ejiṣṭhā | yasya | aratiḥ | vane-rāṭ | todaḥ | adhvan | na | vṛdhasānaḥ | adyaut | (6.12.3)
vayaḥ | na | ye | śreṇīḥ | paptuḥ | ojasā | antān | divaḥ | bṛhataḥ | sānunaḥ | pari | (5.59.7)
tvām | stomāḥ | avīvṛdhan | tvām | ukthā | śatakrato iti śata-krato | (1.5.8)

sthe dhvarepūrvamasadannavahanmaparaṁ bhavet .
astṝnarohayannaryo akṣannañjannavardhayan ..5..
(sthe, dhvare) asadan; avahan if followed by ma;astṝn, arohayan; aryaḥ akṣan; añjan, avardhayanni | gāvaḥ | go-sthe | asadan | ni | mṛgāsaḥ | avikṣata | (1.191.4)
ā | agman | āpaḥ | uśatīḥ | barhiḥ | ā | idam | ni | adhvare | asadan | deva-yantīḥ | (10.30.15)
sahasra-dhāraḥ | asadat | ni | asme iti | mātuḥ | upa-sthe | vane | ā | ca | somaḥ ||9.089.01||
ā | ayam | gauḥ | pṛśniḥ | akramīt | asadat | mātaram | puraḥ | (10.189.1)
āt | it | devānām | upa | sakhyam | āyan | dhīrāsaḥ | puṣṭim | avahan | manāyai ||4.033.02||
anu | tri-śokaḥ | śatam | ā | avahat | nṝn | kutsena | rathaḥ | yaḥ | asat | sasa-vān ||10.029.02||
kṛśānum | astṝn | tiṣyam | sadha-sthe | ā | rudram | rudreṣu | rudriyam | havāmahe ||10.064.08||
ye | ṛtena | sūryam | ā | arohayan | divi | aprathayan | pṛthivīm | mātaram | vi | (10.62.3)
gāva | yavam | pra-yutāḥ | aryaḥ | akṣan | tāḥ | apaśyam | saha-gopāḥ | carantīḥ | (10.27.8)
ṛṇoḥ | akṣam | na | śacībhiḥ ||1.030.15||
svarum | na | peśaḥ | vidatheṣu | añjan | citram | divaḥ | duhitā | bhānum | aśret ||1.092.05||
upa-avasṛja | tmanyā | sam-añjan | devānām | pāthaḥ | ṛtu-thā | havīṁṣi | (10.110.10)

4tasya | venīḥ | anu | vratam | uṣaḥ | tisraḥ | avardhayan | nabhantām | anyake | same ||8.041.03||
mahe | yat | tvā | purūravaḥ | raṇāya | avardhayan | dasyu-hatyāya | devāḥ ||10.095.07||na yāḥ pūrvamavindan syādaśrathnannavarānagan .
aktūnajījananneṣāmabhavannasvaranatān ..6..
avindan if not preceded by yāḥ; aśrathnan, avarān, agan,
aktūn, ajījanan; eṣām abhavan; asvaran, atānanu | īm | avindan | ni-cirāsaḥ | adruhaḥ | ap-su | siṁham-iva | śritam ||3.009.04||
bṛhaspatiḥ | yāḥ | avindat | ni-gūḻhāḥ | somaḥ | grāvānaḥ | ṛṣayaḥ | ca | viprāḥ ||10.108.11||
tat | devānām | deva-tamāya | kartvam | aśrathnan | dṛḻhā | avradanta | vīḻitā | (2.24.3)
tritaḥ | na | yān | pañca | hotṝn | abhiṣṭaye | ā-vavartat | avarān | cakriyā | avase ||2.034.14||
ā | agan | devaḥ | ṛtu-bhiḥ | vardhatu | kṣayam | dadhātu | naḥ | savitā | su-prajām | iṣam | (4.53.7)
ayam | dyotayat | adyutaḥ | vi | aktūn | doṣā | vastoḥ | śaradaḥ | induḥ | indra | (6.39.3)
ṛbhutaḥ | rayiḥ | prathamaśravaḥ-tamaḥ | vāja-śrutāsaḥ | yam | ajījanan | naraḥ | (4.36.5)
satyā | nṛṇām | adma-sadām | upa-stutiḥ | devāḥ | eṣām | abhavan | deva-hūtiṣu ||7.083.07||
saḥ | jāyamānaḥ | parame | vi-omani | āviḥ | agniḥ | abhavat | mātariśvane | (1.143.2)
sahasra-dhāre | ava | te | sam | asvaran | divaḥ | nāke | madhu-jihvāḥ | asaścataḥ | (9.73.4)
dṛḻhaḥ | nakṣatraḥ | uta | viśva-devaḥ | bhūmim | ā | atān | dyām | dhāsinā | āyoḥ ||6.067.06||

arhannakrānabhūvan syādavavṛtrannajagmiran .
apṛṇannavadannasyānasredhannatrasannapi ..7..
arhan, akrān, abhūvan, avavṛtran, ajagmiran,apṛṇan, avadan, asyān, asredhan, atrasanīḻitaḥ | agne | manasā | naḥ | arhan | devān | yakṣi | mānuṣāt | pūrvaḥ | adya | (2.3.3)
arhan | bibharṣi | sāyakāni | dhanva | arhan | niṣkam | yajatam | viśva-rūpam | (2.33.10)
akrān | devaḥ | na | sūryaḥ ||9.064.09||
niḥ-māyāḥ | ūm̐ iti | tye | asurāḥ | abhūvan | tvam | ca | mā | varuṇa | kāmayāse | (10.124.5)
sam | ūm̐ iti | priyāḥ | ā | avavṛtran | madāya | pra-dakṣiṇit | abhi | somāsaḥ | indram ||3.032.15||
sapta | vīrāsaḥ | adharāt | ut | āyan | aṣṭa | uttarāttāt | sam | ajagmiran | te | (10.27.15)
uto iti | rayiḥ | pṛṇataḥ | na | upa | dasyati | uta | apṛṇan | marḍitāram | na | vindate ||10.117.01||
ava-patantīḥ | avadan | divaḥ | oṣadhayaḥ | pari | (10.97.17)
pro iti | syaḥ | vahniḥ | pathyābhiḥ | asyān | divaḥ | na | vṛṣṭiḥ | pavamānaḥ | akṣāriti | (9.89.1)
devaḥ | devī iti | giri-sthāḥ | asredhan | tam | tuvi-svani ||9.098.09||
apa | tyāḥ | asthuḥ | anirāḥ | amīvāḥ | niḥ | atrasan | tamiṣīcīḥ | abhaiṣuḥ | (8.48.11)

aśvān vinā puraḥ pūrvamanajannavratānapi .
asanmanīṣā atarannanyān nadyaṁ paraṁ vinā ..8..
aśvān if not preceded by puraḥ; anajan, avratān;asan manīṣāḥ; ataran; anyān if not followed by nadyam
vi-mucya | vayaḥ | ava-sāya | aśvān | doṣā | vastoḥ | vahīyasaḥ | pra-pitve ||1.104.01||
na | avājinam | vājinā | hāsayanti | na | gardabham | puraḥ | aśvāt | nayanti ||3.053.23||
yat | tvā | hotāram | anajan | miyedhe | ni-ṣādayantaḥ | yajathāya | devāḥ | (3.19.5)
manave | śāsat | avratān | tvacam | kṛṣṇām | arandhayat | (1.130.8)
mitraḥ | na | satyaḥ | uru-gāya | bhṛtyai | anne | samasya | yat | asan | manīṣāḥ ||10.029.04||

5

hatā | īm | asat | na | vakṣati | kṣiptā | jūrṇiḥ | na | vakṣati ||1.129.08||
dhiyam | vaḥ | ap-su | dadhiṣe | svaḥ-sām | yayā | ataran | daśa | māsaḥ | nava-gvāḥ | (5.45.11)
pra-yavayan | acarat | gṛtsaḥ | anyān | mahāni | cakre | purudha-pratīkaḥ ||3.048.03||
te | anyām-anyām | nadyam | saniṣṇata | śravasyantaḥ | saniṣṇata ||1.131.05||

ayanniti padañcātra hyantodāttaṁ vinā bhavet .
ārdannāraṁstathādityānāṅgūṣānapi ceṣyate ..9..
ayan except when the last syllable is udātta;ārdan, āran, ādityān, āṅgūṣān
śuci̍ | it | a̱ya̱n | dīdhi̍ tim | u̱ktha̱-śāsaḥ | kṣāmā̍ | bhi̱ ndanta̍ḥ | a̱ru̱ṇīḥ | apa̍ | vra̱n ||4.002.16||a̱yam | de̱vāya̍ | janma̍ne | stoma̍ḥ | vipre̍bhiḥ | ā̱sa̱yā | (1.20.1)
ṛghāyanta | su-bhvaḥ | parvatāsaḥ | ārdan | dhanvāni | sarayante | āpaḥ ||4.017.02||
dadvān | vā | yat | puṣyati | rekṇaḥ | sam | ūm̐ iti | āran | nakiḥ | asya | maghāni ||10.132.03||
ādityān | mārutam | gaṇam ||1.014.03||
indram | viṣṇum | pūṣaṇam | brahmaṇaḥ | patim | ādityān | dyāvāpṛthivī iti | apaḥ | svaḥ ||7.044.01||
asmākam | āṅgūṣān | dyumninaḥ | kṛdhi | vājeṣu | dyumninaḥ | kṛdhi ||1.138.02||

na bibhyat pūrvamāyan syādāsannibhyāṁstathā bhavet .
icchanninvanniyakṣantsyāduṣṭrānundannuśannapi ..10..
āyan if not preceded by bibhyat; āsan, ibhyān,icchan, invan, iyakṣan, uṣṭrān, undan, uśante | vidvāṁsaḥ | prati-cakṣya | anṛtā | punaḥ | yataḥ | ūm̐ iti | āyan | tat | ut | īyuḥ | ā-viśam ||2.024.06||
hotrāt | aham | varuṇa | bibhyat | āyam | na | it | eva | mā | yunajan | atra | devāḥ | (10.51.4)
yuṣmabhyam | havyā | ni-śitāni | āsan | tāni | āre | cakṛma | mṛḻata | naḥ ||1.171.04||
āmiḥ | sindhūnām | bhrātā-iva | svasrām | ibhyān | na | rājā | vanāni | atti ||1.065.07||
mahi | mahe | dive | arca | pṛthivyai | kāmaḥ | me | icchan | carati | pra-jānan | (3.54.2)
yaḥ | rāyā | vajrī | suta-somam | icchan | tat | okaḥ | gantā | puru-hūtaḥ | ūtī ||5.030.01||induḥ | vājī | pavate | go-nyoghāḥ | indre | somaḥ | saha | invan | madāya | (9.97.10)
vasūnām | vā | carkṛṣe | iyakṣan | dhiyā | vā | yajñaiḥ | vā | rodasyoḥ | (10.74.1)
ut | ānaṭ | kakuhaḥ | divam | uṣṭrān | catuḥ-yujaḥ | dadat | (8.6.48)
ghṛta-pruṣā | manasā | havyam | undan | mūrdhan | yajñasya | sam | anaktu | devān ||2.003.02||
viśvebhiḥ | viśvān | ṛtunā | vaso iti | mahaḥ | uśan | devān | uśataḥ | pāyaya | haviḥ ||2.037.06||

ucchānūrmīṁstathordhvānnodānavaḥ pūrvamucyate .
ūrvānṛṇvannṛṣīnṛndhannetānenāṁstathā bhavet ..11..
ucchān, ūrmīn; (naḥ, dānavaḥ) ūrdhvān;ūrvān, ṛṇvan, ṛṣīn, ṛndhan, etān, enāṁahā | yat | indra | su-dinā | vi-ucchān | dadhaḥ | yat | ketum | upa-mam | samat-su | (7.30.3)
atarpayaḥ | vi-sṛtaḥ | ubjaḥ | ūrmīn | tvam | vṛtān | ariṇāḥ | indra | sindhūn ||4.019.05||
kṛdhi | naḥ | ūrdhvān | carathāya | jīvase | vidāḥ | deveṣu | naḥ | duvaḥ ||1.036.14||
tṛṇa-skandasya | nu | viśaḥ | pari | vṛṅkta | su-dānavaḥ |ūrdhvān | naḥ | karta | jīvase ||1.172.03||
eti | pra | hotā | vratam | asya | māyayā | ūrdhvām | dadhānaḥ | śuci-peśasam | dhiyam | (1.144.1)
yaḥ | vām | gartam | manasā | takṣat | etam | ūrdhvām | dhītim | kṛṇavat | dhārayat | ca | (7.64.4)
yantāraḥ | ye | magha-vānaḥ | janānām | ūrvān | dayanta | gonām ||7.016.07||

6

tmanā | vahantaḥ | duraḥ | vi | ṛṇvan | navanta | viśve | svaḥ | dṛśīke ||1.069.10||
ṛṣīn | tapasvataḥ | yama | tapaḥ-jān | api | gacchatāt ||10.154.05||
yajñaḥ | hi | sma | indram | kaḥ | cit | ṛndhan | juhurtāṇaḥ | cit | manasā | pari-yan | (1.173.11)
manmāni | dhībhiḥ | uta | yajñam | ṛndhan | deva-trā | ca | kṛṇuhi | adhvaram | naḥ ||10.110.02||
tvam | etān | jana-rājñaḥ | dviḥ | daśa | abandhunā | su-śravasā | upa-jagmuṣaḥ | (1.53.9)
tvam | satyaḥ | indra | dhṛṣṇuḥ | etān | tvam | ṛbhukṣāḥ | naryaḥ | tvam | ṣāṭ | (1.63.3)
parā | enān | devaḥ | savitā | dadātu | parā | bhāgam | oṣadhīnām | jayantām ||10.087.18||

ojīyānomaṁśca kasmin krīḻan kāmāṁstathaiva ca .
krandan kanīyān kṛṇvaṁśca kośān krīḻāṁstathā bhavet ..12..
ojīyān, oman, kasmin, krīḻan, kāmān,krandan, kanīyān, kṛṇvan, kośān, krīḻān
tūrvan | ojīyān | tavasaḥ | tavīyān | kṛta-brahmā | indraḥ | vṛddha-mahāḥ | (6.20.3)
asat | ca | sat | ca | parame | vi-oman | dakṣasya | janman | aditeḥ | upa-sthe | (10.5.7)
tigmā | yat | antaḥ | aśaniḥ | patāti | kasmin | cit | śūra | muhuke | janānām | (4.16.17)
krīḻan | naḥ | raśme | ā | bhuvaḥ | sam | bhasmanā | vāyunā | vevidānaḥ | (5.19.5)
krīḻan | camvoḥ | ā | viśa | pūyamānaḥ | indram | te | rasaḥ | madiraḥ | mamattu ||9.096.21||
adha | hi | indra | girvaṇaḥ | upa | tvā | kāmān | mahaḥ | sasṛjmahe | (8.98.7)
aśvaḥ | na | krandan | jani-bhiḥ | sam | idhyate | vaiśvānaraḥ | kuśikebhiḥ | yuge-yuge | (3.26.3)
jyeṣṭhaḥ | āha | camasā | dvā | kara | iti | kanīyān | trīn | kṛṇavāma | iti | āha | (4.33.5)
ketum | kṛṇvan | divaḥ | pari | viśvā | rūpā | abhi | arṣasi | (9.64.8)
daśa | aśvān | daśa | kośān | daśa | vastrā | adhi-bhojanā | (6.47.23)
yat | didyavaḥ | pṛtanāsu | pra-krīḻān | tasya | vām | syāma | sanitāraḥ | ojaḥ ||4.041.11||

gacchan garan gamannatra taparaṁ spaṣṭamiṣyate .
ghoṣan ghnaṁścarkiraṁścaiva cikitvāṁścamasānapi ..13..
gacchan, garan; gaman if followed by “t”;ghoṣan, ghnan, carkiran, cikitvān, camasān
gacchan | jāraḥ | na | yoṣitam ||9.038.04||
na | mā | garan | nadyaḥ | mātṛ-tamāḥ | dāsāḥ | yat | īm | su-samubdham | ava-adhuḥ | (1.158.5)
ye | te | nediṣṭham | havanāni | ā-gaman | tān | vardha | bhīma-sandṛśaḥ ||5.056.02||
imam | naḥ | yajñam | ā | gaman | tisraḥ | devīḥ | su-peśasaḥ ||9.005.08||
āpaḥ | cit | asmai | su-tukāḥ | aveṣan | gamat | naḥ | indraḥ | sakhyā | vayaḥ | ca ||1.178.02||
indrāya | yatra | savanāni | sunve | gamat | madāya | prathamam | vayaḥ | ca ||7.097.01||
ā | ihi | pra | ihi | kṣayaḥ | divi | ā-ghoṣan | carṣaṇīṇām | (8.64.4)
agniḥ | jātaḥ | arocata | ghnan | dasyūn | jyotiṣā | tamaḥ | (5.14.4)
ghnan | mṛdhrāṇi | apa | dviṣaḥ | dahan | rakṣāṁsi | viśvahā | (8.43.26)
āt | it | te | asya | vīryasya | carkiran | madeṣu | vṛṣan | uśijaḥ | yat | āvitha | sakhi-yataḥ | yat | āvitha |(1.131.5)
deva | hotaḥ | mandra-taraḥ | cikitvān | mahaḥ | devān | rodasī iti | ā | iha | vakṣi ||3.007.09||
yadā | ava-akhyat | camasān | caturaḥ | kṛtān | āt | it | tvaṣṭā | gnāsu | antaḥ | ni | ānaje ||1.161.04||

icchādaśrupadaṁ pūrvañcakraṁścandrānapīṣyate .
cinvaṁścākañjavīyāṁśca jujurvāñjanayannapi ..14..
(icchāt, aśru) cakran; candrān,cinvan, cākan, javīyān, jujurvān, janayan

7

kadā | sūnuḥ | pitaram | jātaḥ | icchāt | cakran | na | aśru | vartayat | vi-jānan | (10.95.12)
prati | bravāṇi | vartayate | aśru | cakran | na | krandat | ā-dhye | śivāyai | (10.95.13)
catuḥ-bhiḥ | sākam | navatim | ca | nāma-bhiḥ | cakram | na | vṛttam | vyatīn | avīvipat | (1.155.6)
vṛṣṇaḥ | candrān | na | suśravaḥ-tamān | girā | vandasva | marutaḥ | aha ||8.020.20||
ayam | emi | vi-cākaśat | vi-cinvan | dāsam | āryam | (10.86.19)
astam | nanakṣe | yasmin | cākan | divā | naktam | śnathitā | vaitasena ||10.095.04||
yaḥ | martyasya | manasaḥ | javīyān | tri-vandhuraḥ | vṛṣaṇā | vāta-raṁhāḥ ||1.118.01||
dīrgha-tamāḥ | māmateyaḥ | jujurvān | daśame | yuge | (1.158.6)
āt | sūryam | janayan | dyām | uṣāsam | tādītnā | śatrum | na | kilā | vivitse ||1.032.04||

jānañjigīvāñjanmañjmañjighāṁsañjaritṝnapi .
janāñjīvāñjaganvāṁśca jaghanvāṁśca tapannapi ..15..
jānan, jigīvān, janman, jman, jighāṁsan, jaritṝn,janān, jīvān, jaganvān, jaghanvān, tapanpākaḥ | pṛcchāmi | manasā | avi-jānan | devānām | enā | ni-hitā | padāni | (1.164.5)
śvaghnīva yo jigīvām̐l lakṣam ādad aryaḥ puṣṭāni sa janāsa indraḥ ||śvaghnī-iva | yaḥ | jigīvān | lakṣam | ādat | aryaḥ | puṣṭāni | saḥ | janāsaḥ | indraḥ ||2.012.04||
ā | mātarā | bharati | śuṣmī | ā | goḥ | nṛ-vat | pari-jman | nonuvanta | vātāḥ ||4.022.04||
abhi | kratvā | indra | bhūḥ | adha | jman | na | te | vivyak | mahimānam | rajāṁsi | (7.21.6)
druham | jighāṁsan | dhvarasam | anindrām | tetikte | tigmā | tujase | anīkā | (4.23.7)
tābhiḥ | naḥ | sūno iti | sahasaḥ | ni | pāhi | smat | sūrīn | jaritṝn | jāta-vedaḥ ||7.003.08||
yaḥ | janān | mahiṣān-iva | ati-tasthau | pavīravān | (10.60.3)
jīvān | naḥ | abhi | dhetana | ādityāsaḥ | purā | hathāt | (8.67.5)
agre | bṛhan | uṣasām | ūrdhvaḥ | asthāt | niḥ-jaganvān | tamasaḥ | jyotiṣā | ā | agāt | (10.1.1)
tvam | vṛtrāṇi | śṛṇviṣe | jaghanvān | tvam | vṛtām | ariṇāḥ | indra | sindhūn ||4.042.07||
tri-śīrṣāṇam | sapta-raśmim | jaghanvān | tvāṣṭrasya | cit | niḥ | sasṛje | tritaḥ | gāḥ ||10.008.08||
vṛṣā | vi | jajñe | janayan | amartyaḥ | pra-tapan | jyotiṣā | tamaḥ | (9.108.12)

tān prārhathaḥ pratīme supūrvaṁ tūrvaṁstathā bhavet .
tavyāṁstavīyāṁstrātṝṁśca tastabhānāṁstathā bhavet ..16..
(pra, arhathaḥ, prati, ime, su) tān; tūrvan,tavyān, tavīyān, trātṝn, tastabhānān
pra-pra | tān | dasyūn | agniḥ | vivāya | pūrvaḥ | cakāra | aparān | ayajyūn ||7.006.03||
indraḥ | ca | vāyo iti | eṣām | sutānām | pītim | arhathaḥ |tān | juṣethām | arepasau | abhi | prayaḥ ||5.051.06||
ścotanti | te | vs iti | stokāḥ | adhi | tvaci | prati | tān | deva-śaḥ | vihi ||3.021.05||
indra | somāḥ | sutāḥ | ime | tān | dadhiṣva | śatakrato iti śata-krato | (3.42.5)
viśvān | agne | pṛt-su | tān | jeṣi | śatrūn | ahā | viśvā | su-manāḥ | dīdihi | naḥ ||3.054.22||
vi | tām | duhre | aryamā | kartari | sacā | eṣaḥ | tām | veda | me | sacā ||1.139.07||
yuvam | śriyam | aśvinā | devatā | tām | divaḥ | napātā | vanathaḥ | śacībhiḥ | (4.44.2)
aham | rāṣṭrī | sam-gamanī | vasūnām | cikituṣī | prathamā | yajñiyānām |tām | mā | devāḥ | vi | adadhuḥ | puru-trā | bhūri-sthātrām | bhūri | ā-veśayantīm ||10.125.03||
sa-nīḻebhiḥ | śravasyāni | tūrvan | marutvān | naḥ | bhavatu | indraḥ | ūtī ||1.100.05||
tūrvan | na | yāman | etaśasya | nu | raṇe | ā | yaḥ | ghṛṇe | na | tatṛṣāṇaḥ | ajaraḥ ||6.015.05||
pṛṇīyāt | it | nādhamānāya | tavyān | drāghīyāṁsam | anu | paśyeta | panthām | (10.117.5)

8pra | viṣṇuḥ | astu | tavasaḥ | tavīyān | tveṣam | hi | asya | sthavirasya | nāma ||7.100.03||
abhi-kṣadām | aryamaṇam | su-śevam | trātṝn | devān | savitāram | bhagam | ca ||6.050.01||
tvam | sindhūn | asṛjaḥ | tastabhānān | tvam | apaḥ | ajayaḥ | dāsa-patnīḥ ||8.096.18||

tyānnu taṣṭāṁstuviṣmāṁstmaṁstakṣaṁstiṣṭhannayatyapi .
tasmiṁstiran duhīyaṁśca dyumnindevānabhidruhan ..17..
tyān nu; taṣṭān, tuviṣmān, tman, takṣan; tiṣṭhan nayati;
tasmin, tiran, duhīyan, dyumnin, devān; abhi druhan
tyān | nu | kṣatriyān | avaḥ | ādityān | yāciṣāmahe | (8.67.1)
tvam | tyām | naḥ | indra | deva | citrām | iṣam | āpaḥ | na | pīpayaḥ | pari-jman | (1.63.8)
vidanti | īm | atra | naraḥ | dhiyam-dhāḥ | hṛdā | yat | taṣṭān | mantrān | aśaṁsan ||1.067.04||
bhīmaḥ | tuviṣmān | carṣaṇi-bhyaḥ | ā-tapaḥ | śiśīte | vajram | tejase | na | vaṁsagaḥ ||1.055.01||
iha | tvā | bhūri | ā | caret | upa | tman | doṣā-vastaḥ | dīdivāṁsam | anu | dyūn | 8.4.9)
takṣan | nāsatyābhyām | pari-jmānam | su-kham | ratham |takṣan | dhenum | sabaḥ-dughām ||1.020.03||
rathe | tiṣṭhan | nayati | vājinaḥ | puraḥ | yatra-yatra | kāmayate | su-sārathiḥ | (6.75.6)
vi | dvīpāni | pāpatan | tiṣṭhat | ducchunā | ubhe iti | yujanta | rodasī iti | (8.20.4)
arbhakaḥ | na | kumārakaḥ | adhi | tiṣṭhat | navam | ratham | (8.69.15)
tasmin | nṛmṇam | uta | kratum | devāḥ | ojāṁsi | sam | dadhuḥ | arcan | anu | sva-rājyam ||1.080.15||
prati | manāyoḥ | ucathāni | haryan | tasmin | dadhat | vṛṣaṇam | śuṣmam | indraḥ ||4.024.07||
maghonām | āyuḥ | pra-tiran | mahi | śrava | indrāya | soma | pavase | vṛṣā | madaḥ ||9.080.02||
sam | sindhu-bhiḥ | kalaśe | vāvaśānaḥ | sam | usriyābhiḥ | pra-tiran | naḥ | āyuḥ ||9.096.14||
duhīyan | mitra-dhitaye | yuvāku | rāye | ca | naḥ | mimītam | vāja-vatyai | (1.120.9)
śuṣmin-tamaḥ | hi | te | madaḥ | dyumnin-tamaḥ | uta | kratuḥ | (1.127.9)
eva | anena | haviṣā | yakṣi | devān | manuṣvat | yajñam | pra | tira | imam | adya ||3.017.02||
grāvṇaḥ | brahmā | yuyujānaḥ | saparyan | kīriṇā | devān | namasā | upa-śikṣan | (5.40.8)
te iti | hi | dyāvāpṛthivī iti | mātarā | mahī iti | devī iti | devān | janmanā | yajñiye iti | itaḥ | (10.64.14)
mā | naḥ | martāḥ | abhi | druhan | tanūnām | indra | girvaṇaḥ | (1.5.10)
saḥ | hi | puru | cit | ojasā | virukmatā | dīdyānaḥ | bhavati | druham-taraḥ | paraśuḥ | na | druham-taraḥ |(1.127.3)

dandarīmandaśasyaṁśca hā pūrvanna tu dasyuhan .
darśannvatra dadhṛṣvāṁśca dyūn dabhannaḥ paraṁ vinā ..18..
dan, darīman, daśasyan; dasyuhan if not preceded by hā;darśan nu atra; dadhṛṣvān, dyūn; dabhan if not followed by naḥūrdhvā | yat | śreṇiḥ | na | śiśuḥ | dan | makṣu | sthiram | śe-vṛdham | sūta | mātā ||10.061.20||
pra-pra | vaḥ | asme iti | svayaśaḥ-bhiḥ | ūtī | pari-varge | indraḥ | duḥ-matīnām | darīman | duḥ-matīnām |(1.129.8)īśāna-kṛt | dāśuṣe | daśasyan | turvītaye | gādham | turvaṇiḥ | kariti kaḥ ||1.061.11||
ayam | daśasyan | naryebhiḥ | asya | dasmaḥ | devebhiḥ | varuṇaḥ | na | māyī | (10.99.10)
tam | ūm̐ iti | tvā | pāthyaḥ | vṛṣā | sam | īdhe | dasyuhan-tamam | (6.16.15)
amitra-hā | vṛtra-hā | dasyuham-tamam | jyotiḥ | jajñe | asura-hā | sapatna-hā ||10.170.02||
darśan | nu | atra | śṛta-pān | anindrān | bāhu-kṣadaḥ | śarave | patyamānān | (10.27.6)
darśam | nu | viśva-darśatam | darśam | ratham | adhi | kṣami | (1.25.18)
yā | cit | nu | vajrin | kṛṇavaḥ | dadhṛṣvān | na | te | vartā | taviṣyāḥ | asti | tasyāḥ ||5.029.14||
vayam | purā | mahi | ca | naḥ | anu | dyūn | tat | naḥ | ṛbhukṣāḥ | narām | anu | syāt ||1.167.10||

9

tā | vṛdhantau | anu | dyūn | martāya | devau | adabhā | (5.86.5)
tā | hi | kṣatram | dhārayethe iti | anu | dyūn | dṛṁhethe iti | sānum | upamāt-iva | dyoḥ | (6.67.6)
mā | naḥ | guhyāḥ | ripaḥ | āyoḥ | ahan | dabhan | mā | naḥ | ābhyaḥ | rīradhaḥ | ducchunābhyaḥ | (2.32.2)
na | gha | rājā | indraḥ | ā | dabhat | naḥ | yā | nu | svasārā | kṛṇavanta | yonau | (1.178.2)

dāmandasyūndadhanvāṁśca diṣṭīndhānāṁśca dhārayan .
draviṇastrīn parandhanvan dharmandhāmaṁstathaiva ca ..19..
dāman, dasyūn, dadhanvān, diṣṭīn, dhānān; dhārayan
if followed by draviṇaḥ or trīn; dharman, dhāman
su-dāman | tat | rekṇaḥ | apra-mṛṣyam | ṛjiśvane | dātram | dāśuṣe | dāḥ ||6.020.07||
ahan | indraḥ | adahat | agniḥ | indo iti | purā | dasyūn | madhyaṁdināt | abhīke | (4.28.3)
agniḥ | jātaḥ | arocata | ghnan | dasyūn | jyotiṣā | tamaḥ | (5.14.4)
tvam | sutaḥ | nṛ-mādanaḥ | dadhanvān | matsarin-tamaḥ | (9.67.2)
tam | asya | viṣṇuḥ | mahimānam | ojasā | aṁśum | dadhanvān | madhunaḥ | vi | rapśate | (10.113.2)
śāṇḍaḥ | dāt | hiraṇinaḥ | smat-diṣṭīn | daśa | vaśāsaḥ | abhi-sācaḥ | ṛṣvān ||6.063.09||
sanāt | agne | mṛṇasi | yātu-dhānān | na | tvā | rakṣāṁsi | pṛtanāsu | jigyuḥ | (10.87.19)
āpaḥ | ca | mitram | dhiṣaṇā | ca | sādhan | devāḥ | agnim | dhārayan | draviṇaḥ-dām ||1.096.01||
tisraḥ | bhūmīḥ | dhārayan | trīn | uta | dyūn | trīṇi | vratā | vidathe | antaḥ | eṣām | (2.27.8)
tvaṣṭā-iva | viśvā | bhuvanāni | vidvān | sam | airayam | rodasī iti | dhārayam | ca ||4.042.03||
dhanvan | cit | ye | anāśavaḥ | jīrāḥ | cit | agirā-okasaḥ | (1.135.9)
yoṣā-iva | śiṅkte | vi-tatā | adhi | dhanvan | jyā | iyam | samane | pārayantī ||6.075.03||
dhanvan | na | tṛṣṇā | sam | arīta | tān | abhi | soma | jahi | pavamāna | duḥ-ādhyaḥ ||9.079.03||
sva-dharman | deva-vītaye | śreṣṭham | naḥ | dhehi | vāryam ||3.021.02||
divaḥ | dharman | dharuṇe | seduṣaḥ | nṝn | jātaiḥ | ajātān | abhi | ye | nanakṣuḥ ||5.015.02||dhāman | te | viśvam | bhuvanam | adhi | śritam | antariti | samudre | hṛdi | antaḥ | āyuṣi | (4.58.11)

nemasminnṝnniyutvānna praparantu vinā naśan .
nakṣannamasvān prapathin pruṣāyan paprathan paśūn ..20..
nemasmin, nṝn, niyutvān; naśan if not followed by na pra;nakṣan, namasvān, prapathin, pruṣāyan, paprathan, paśūn
pra | nemasmin | dadṛśe | somaḥ | antaḥ | gopāḥ | nemam | āviḥ | asthā | kṛṇoti | (10.48.10)
tvam | indra | naryaḥ | yān | avaḥ | nṝn | tiṣṭha | vātasya | su-yutaḥ | vahiṣṭhān | (1.121.12)
asat | te | utsaḥ | gṛṇate | niyutvān | madhvaḥ | aṁśuḥ | pavate | indriyāya ||9.089.06||
uru | aśyām | abhayam | jyotiḥ | indra | mā | naḥ | dīrghāḥ | abhi | naśan | tamisrāḥ ||2.027.14||
vi | ca | naśan | naḥ | iṣaḥ | arātayaḥ | aryaḥ | naśanta | saniṣanta | naḥ | dhiyaḥ ||9.079.01||āmāsu | pūrṣu | paraḥ | apra-mṛṣyam | na | arātayaḥ | vi | naśan | na | anṛtāni ||2.035.06||
nakiḥ | tam | karmaṇā | naśat | na | pra | yoṣat | na | yoṣati | (8.31.17)
te | stobhantaḥ | ūrjam | āvan | ghṛta-ścutam | paurāsaḥ | nakṣan | dhīti-bhiḥ ||8.054.01||
namasvān | tuvi-jātayoḥ ||7.066.01||
samat-su | tvā | śūra | satām | urāṇam | prapathin-tamam | pari-taṁsayadhyai | (1.173.7)
iraṇyayāḥ | vām | pavayaḥ | pruṣāyan | madhvaḥ | pibantau | uṣasaḥ | sacethe iti ||1.180.01||
ā-pruṣāyan | madhunā | ṛtasya | yonim | ava-kṣipan | arkaḥ | ulkām-iva | dyoḥ | (10.68.4)
dūre | pāre | vāṇīm | vardhayantaḥ | indra-iṣitām | dhamanim | paprathan | ni ||2.011.08||
tebhiḥ | rakṣante | amṛtam | sa-joṣāḥ | paśūn | ca | sthātṝn | caratham | ca | pāhi ||1.072.06||
paśūn | tān | cakre | vāyavyān | āraṇyān | grāmyāḥ | ca | ye ||10.090.08||10

paśyan pinvan paṇīn patman putrān piṇḍān prayan pitṝṇ .
pūṣan parasmin paptaṁśca pāpatan parvatānapi ..21..
paśyan, pinvan, paṇīn, patman, putrān, piṇḍān, prayan, pitṝṇ,pūṣan, parasmin, paptan, pāpatan, parvatānpaśyan | janmāni | sūrya ||1.050.07||
uta | tvaḥ | paśyan | na | dadarśa | vācam | uta | tvaḥ | śṛṇvan | na | śṛṇoti | enām | (10.71.4)
divyaḥ | su-parṇaḥ | ava | cakṣi | soma | pinvan | dhārāḥ | karmaṇā | deva-vītau | (9.77.33)
paṇīn | ni | akramīḥ | abhi | viśvān | rājan | arādhasaḥ ||10.060.06||
tasya | patman | dhakṣuṣaḥ | kṛṣṇa-jaṁhasaḥ | śuci-janmanaḥ | rajaḥ | ā | vi-adhvanaḥ ||1.141.07||
abhi | pra | sthāta | aha-iva | yajñam | yātā-iva | patman | tmanā | hinota ||7.034.05||
ut | astabhnāḥ | pṛthivīm | dyām | abhīke | bhrātuḥ | putrān | magha-van | titviṣāṇaḥ ||10.055.01||
daso iti | hiraṇya-piṇḍān | divaḥ-dāsāt | asāniṣam ||6.047.23||
upa-prayan | dasyu-hatyāya | vajrī | yat | ha | sūnuḥ | śravase | nāma | dadhe ||1.103.04||
pitṝn | tapasvataḥ | yama | tān | cit | eva | api | gacchatāt ||10.154.04||
ā | pūṣan | citra-barhiṣam | āghṛṇe | dharuṇam | divaḥ | (1.23.13)
aditsantam | cit | āghṛṇe | pūṣan | dānāya | codaya | (6.53.3)
yāḥ | te | pra-jāḥ | amṛtasya | parasmin | dhāman | ṛtasya | (1.43.9)
pra | vām | vayaḥ | vapuṣe | anu | paptan | nakṣat | vāṇī | su-stutā | dhiṣṇyā | vām ||6.063.06||
vi | dvīpāni | pāpatan | tiṣṭhat | ducchunā | ubhe iti | yujanta | rodasī iti | (8.20.4)
ye | īṅkhayanti | parvatān | tiraḥ | samudram | arṇavam | (1.19.7)

brahman pathendavaḥ pūrvaṁ bhuvan bhūṣaṁstathā bhavet .
bhūvan bhrājaṁstathā bhāgān vāṁbharanmādayannapi ..22..
brahman; (pathā, indavaḥ) bhuvan; bhūṣan,bhūvan, bhrājan, bhāgān; vām bharan; mādayanuta | asi | maitrāvaruṇaḥ | vasiṣṭha | urvaśyāḥ | brahman | manasaḥ | adhi | jātaḥ | (7.33.11)
pra | te | sumnasya | manasā | pathā | bhuvan | made | sutasya | somyasya | andhasaḥ ||10.050.07||ūrdhvāsaḥ | tvā | anu | indavaḥ | bhuvan | dasmam | upa | dyavi | (7.31.9)
saḥ | ha | śṛutaḥ | indraḥ | nāma | devaḥ | ūrdhvaḥ | bhuvat | manuṣe | dasma-tamaḥ | (2.20.6)
bhūṣan | na | yaḥ | adhi | babhrūṣu | namnate | vṛṣā-iva | patnīḥ | abhi | eti | roruvat | (1.140.6)
vratā | devānām | upa | nu | pra-bhūṣan | mahat | devānām | asura-tvam | ekam ||3.055.01||
mo iti | su | vaḥ | asmat | abhi | tāni | pauṁsyā | sanā | bhūvan | dyumnāni | mā | uta | jāriṣuḥ | asmat | purā |uta | jāriṣuḥ | (1.139.8)
vi-bhrājan | jyotiṣā | svaḥ | agacchaḥ | rocanam | divaḥ | (8.89.3)
su-bhāgān | naḥ | devāḥ | kṛṇuta | su-ratnān | asmān | stotṝn | marutaḥ | vavṛdhānāḥ | (10.78.8)
yame iveti yame-iva | yatamāne iti | yat | aitam | pra | vām | bharan | mānuṣāḥ | deva-yantaḥ | (10.13.2)
acakrayā | yat | svadhayā | su-parṇaḥ | havyam | bharat | manave | deva-juṣṭam ||4.026.04||
bṛhat | gāyantaḥ | suta-some | adhvare | huve | bharam | na | kāriṇam ||8.066.01||
indram | soma | mādayan | daivyam | janam | sindhoḥ-iva | ūrmiḥ | pavamānaḥ | arṣasi ||9.080.05||

matsarinmarjayan mūrdhan mitrerūṁśca minanmahān .
voyajñaṁ mahayan proktaṁ manasvāṁśca madinmahin ..23..
matsarin, marjayan, mūrdhan, mitrerūn, minan, mahān;vaḥ yajñam mahayan; manasvān, madin, mahiniṣam | ūrjam | ca | pinvase | indrāya | matsarin-tamaḥ | (9.63.2)

11

tvām | marjayan | marutaḥ | dāśuṣaḥ | gṛhe | tvām | stomebhiḥ | bhṛgavaḥ | vi | rirucuḥ ||10.122.05||
aham | suve | pitaram | asya | mūrdhan | mama | yoniḥ | ap-su | antariti | samudre | (1.125.7)
jaghanvān | indra | mitrerūn | coda-pravṛddhaḥ | hari-vaḥ | adāśūn | (1.174.6)
anu | ekaḥ | vadati | yat | dadāti | tat | rūpā | minan | tat-apāḥ | ekaḥ | īyate | (2.13.3)
anudre | cit | yaḥ | dhṛṣatā | varam | sate | mahin-tamāya | dhanvanā | it | aviṣyate ||10.115.06||
sam | ūm̐ iti | vaḥ | yajñam | mahayan | namaḥ-bhiḥ | pra | hotā | mandraḥ | ririce | upāke | (7.42.3)
sam | ūm̐ iti | vām | yajñam | mahayam | namaḥ-bhiḥ | huve | vām | mitrāvaruṇā | sa-bādhaḥ | (7.61.6)
yaḥ | jātaḥ | eva | prathamaḥ | manasvān | devaḥ | devān | kratunā | pari-abhūṣat | (2.12.1)
indrāya | su | madin-tamam | somam | sota | vareṇyam | (8.1.19)
ā | it | ūm̐ iti | madhvaḥ | madin-taram | siñca | vā | adhvaryo iti | andhasaḥ | (8.24.16)
ā | naḥ | gahi | sakhyebhiḥ | śivebhiḥ | mahān | mahībhiḥ | ūti-bhiḥ | saraṇyan | (3.1.19)
sam-iddhasya | ruśat | adarśi | pājaḥ | mahān | devaḥ | tamasaḥ | niḥ | amoci ||5.001.02||

uttarammānmarutvān yūn yasmin yāmanna tūttaram .
yuṣmān yuyutsan punaryan yaṁsaṁstu ni paraṁ vinā ..24..
-mān, marutvān, yūn, yasmin, yāman if not followed by a dental stop (tu)yuṣmān, yuyutsan; punaḥ yan; yaṁsan except when followed by ni
madhu-mān | naḥ | vanaspatiḥ | madhu-mān | astu | sūryaḥ | (1.90.8)
stotram | indraḥ | marut-gaṇaḥ | tvaṣṭṛ-mān | mitraḥ | aryamā | (6.52.11)
mām | naraḥ | su-aśvāḥ | vāja-yantaḥ | mām | vṛtāḥ | sam-araṇe | havante | (4.42.5)
satīna-satvā | havyaḥ | bhareṣu | marutvān | naḥ | bhavatu | indraḥ | ūtī ||1.100.01||
yadi | it | aham | yudhaye | sam-nayāni | adeva-yūn | tanvā | śūśujānān | (10.27.2)
āvaḥ | kutsam | indra | yasmin | cākan | pra | āvaḥ | yudhyantam | vṛṣabham | daśa-dyum | (1.33.14)
ṛcaḥ | akṣare | parame | vi-oman | yasmin | devāḥ | adhi | viśve | ni-seduḥ | (1.164.39)
ni | yāman | citram | ṛñjate ||1.037.03||
aidhā-iva | yāman | marutaḥ | tuvi-svaṇaḥ | yudhā-iva | śakrāḥ | taviṣāṇi | kartana ||1.166.01||agniḥ | vidvān | yajñam | naḥ | kalpayāti | pañca-yāmam | tri-vṛtam | sapta-tantum ||10.052.04||
yuṣmān | ūm̐ iti | naktam | ūtaye | yuṣmān | divā | havāmahe | (8.7.6)
saḥ | tigma-śṛṅgam | vṛṣabham | yuyutsan | druhaḥ | tasthau | bahule | baddhaḥ | antariti ||10.048.10||
punaḥ | yan | taruṇīḥ | api ||8.043.07||
na | yam | dipsanti | dipsavaḥ | na | druhvāṇaḥ | janānām | (1.25.14)
yam | agne | pṛt-su | martyam | avāḥ | vājeṣu | yam | junāḥ | (1.27.7)
nava | ca | yat | navatim | ca | sravantīḥ | śyenaḥ | na | bhītaḥ | ataraḥ | rajāṁsi ||1.032.14||
agniḥ | mitraḥ | varuṇaḥ | śarma | yaṁsan | tat | aśyāma | magha-vānaḥ | vayam | ca ||1.136.07||
na | aha | dāmānam | magha-vā | ni | yaṁsat | ni | sunvate | vahati | bhūri | vāmam ||10.042.08||

yānān yājān yajīyāṁśca yankhaṇḍanna paraṁ vinā .
yādṛśminniyaman yakṣan yucchanrebhanmitā param ..25..
yānān, yājān, yajīyān; -yan except when followed by na;yādṛśmin; ni yaman; yakṣan, yucchan; rebhan if followed by mitātanū-napāt | pathaḥ | ṛtasya | yānān | madhvā | sam-añjan | svadaya | su-jihva | (10.110.2)
prayājān me anuyājām̐ś ca kevalān ūrjasvantaṁ haviṣo datta bhāgam | (10.51.8)
pra-yājān | me | anu-yājān | ca | kevalān | ūrjasvantam | haviṣaḥ | datta | bhāgam | (10.51.8)
yaḥ | tvat | hotā | pūrvaḥ | agne | yajīyān | dvitā | ca | sattā | svadhayā | ca | śam-bhuḥ | (3.17.5)
na | tvat | hotā | pūrvaḥ | agne | yajīyān | na | kāvyaiḥ | paraḥ | asti | svadhā-vaḥ | (5.3.5)
saḥ | vām | madhu | pra | vocat | ṛta-yan | tvāṣṭram | yat | dasrau | api-kakṣyam | vām ||1.117.22||12

kaḥ | nu | vām | mitrāvaruṇau | ṛta-yan | divaḥ | vā | mahaḥ | pārthivasya | vā | de | (5.41.1)
ut | usriyāḥ | sṛjate | sūryaḥ | sacā | ut-yat | nakṣatram | arci-vat | (7.81.2)
yādṛśmin | dhāyi | tam | apasyayā | vidat | yaḥ | ūm̐ iti | svayam | vahate | saḥ | aram | karat ||5.044.08||
puru-trā | hi | vām | mati-bhiḥ | havante | mā | vām | anye | ni | yaman | deva-yantaḥ ||7.069.06||
śakema | rāyaḥ | su-dhuraḥ | yamam | te | adhi | śravaḥ | deva-bhaktam | dadhānāḥ ||1.073.10||
ekam | sat | viprāḥ | bahu-dhā | vadanti | agnim | yamam | mātariśvānam | āhuḥ ||1.164.46||
pra-yakṣan | jenyam | vasu | śakema | vājinaḥ | yamam ||2.005.01||
agne | tokasya | naḥ | tane | tanūnām | apra-yucchan | dīdyat | bodhi | gopāḥ ||2.009.02||
saḥ | pratyaṅ | viśvā | bhuvanāni | tasthau | apra-yucchan | taraṇiḥ | bhrājamānaḥ ||10.088.16||
sutaḥ | pavitram | pari | eti | rebhan | mitā-iva | sadma | paśu-manti | hotā ||9.097.01||
yābhiḥ | rebham | ni-vṛtam | sitam | at-bhyaḥ | ut | vandanam | airayatam | svaḥ | dṛśe | (1.112.5)
ut | vandanam | airatam | daṁsanābhiḥ | ut | rebham | dasrā | vṛṣaṇā | śacībhiḥ | (1.118.6)

rujanrevāṁstathā rohan randhayannapi kathyate .
tathā rājanna khaṇḍaṁ syādrīraman vāṁstathottaram ..26..
rujan, revān, rohan, randhayan;
rājan except as second member of a compound; rīraman, -vānsahasva | manyo iti | abhi-mātim | asme iti | rujan | mṛṇan | pra-mṛṇan | pra | ihi | śatrūn | (10.84.3)
yasya | ikṣvākuḥ | upa | vrate | revān | marāyī | edhate | (10.60.4)
anu-spaṣṭaḥ | bhavati | eṣaḥ | asya | yaḥ | asmai | revān | na | sunoti | somam | (10.160.4)
ati | trī | soma | rocanā | rohan | na | bhrājase | divam | (9.17.5)
dviṣantam | mahyam | randhayan | mo iti | aham | dviṣate | radham ||1.050.13||
yathā-yathā | vṛṣṇyāni | sva-gūrtā | apāṁsi | rājan | naryā | aviveṣīḥ ||4.019.10||
vām | agne | manīṣiṇaḥ | sam-rājam | carṣaṇīnām | (30.10.1)
yam | nu | nakiḥ | pṛtanāsu | sva-rājam | dvitā | tarati | nṛ-tamam | hari-sthām | (30.49.2)
indra | mā | tvā | yajamānāsaḥ | anye | ni | rīraman | tubhyam | ime | sutāsaḥ ||10.160.01||
ā | gha | tvā-vān | tmanā | āptaḥ | stotṛ-bhyaḥ | dhṛṣṇo iti | iyānaḥ | (1.30.14)
śriye | ṛṣvaḥ | upākayoḥ | ni | śiprī | hari-vān | dadhe | hastayoḥ | vajram | āyasam ||1.081.04||tā | vām | nediṣṭham | īmahe ||1.017.03||
aritram | vām | divaḥ | pṛthu | tīrthe | sindhūnām | rathaḥ | (1.46.8)

śavasā maghavan pūrvaṁ sahasā varṣayaṁstathā .
viśvānna duḥparaṁ vājān vīrān viñcaṁstathaiva ca ..27..
(śavasā, magha, sahasā) van; varṣayan,viśvān if not followed by duḥ; vājān, vīrān, viñcan
patim | na | patnīḥ | uśatīḥ | uśantam | spṛśanti | tvā | śavasā-van | manīṣāḥ ||1.062.11||
tvam | jigetha | na | dhanā | rurodhitha | arbheṣu | ājā | magha-van | mahat-su | ca | (1.102.10)
imam | yajñam | sahasā-van | tvam | naḥ | deva-trā | dhehi | su-krato iti su-krato | rarāṇaḥ | (3.1.22)
tāḥ | pratna-vat | navyasīḥ | nūnam | asme iti | revat | ucchantu | su-dināḥ | uṣasaḥ ||1.124.09||yā | naḥ | dohate | triḥ | ahan | asaścuṣī | kṣu-mat | vāja-vat | madhu-mat | su-vīryam ||9.086.18||
kṛṇvan | apaḥ | varṣayan | dyām | uta | imām | uroḥ | ā | naḥ | varivasya | punānaḥ ||9.096.03||
ākīm | sūryasya | rocanāt | viśvān | devān | uṣaḥ-budhaḥ | (1.14.9)
āre | asmat | amatim | āre | aṁhaḥ | āre | viśvām | duḥ-matim | yat | ni-pāsi | (4.11.6)
ṛbhukṣaṇam | indram | ā | huve | ūtaye | ṛbhūn | vājān | marutaḥ | soma-pītaye | (1.111.4)
nṛ-vat | vadan | upa | naḥ | māhi | vājān | divi | śravaḥ | dadhiṣe | nāma | vīraḥ ||10.028.12||

13

vīrān | mā | naḥ | rudra | bhāmitaḥ | vadhīḥ | haviṣmantaḥ | sadam | it | tvā | havāmahe ||1.114.08||
kutsasya | āyoḥ | atithi-gvasya | vīrān | ni | avṛṇak | bharata | somam | asmai ||2.014.07||ṛtena | rājan | anṛtam | vi-viñcan | mama | rāṣṭrasya | adhi-patyam | ā | ihi ||10.124.05||

vṛtrahan marutaḥ pūrvaṁ vinā vajrin vṛṣan vratān .
aktorvardhān virukmāṁśca vanvannapyuttaraṁ viśan ..28..
vṛtrahan if not preceded by marutaḥ; vajrin, vṛṣan, vratān;aktoḥ vardhān; virukmān, vanvan, -viśan
tam | ūm̐ iti | tvā | vṛtrahan-tamam | yaḥ | dasyūn | ava-dhūnuṣe | (1.78.4)
bṛhat | indrāya | gāyata | marutaḥ | vṛtraham-tamam | (8.89.1)
tathā | tat | astu | soma-pāḥ | sakhe | vajrin | tathā | kṛṇu | (1.30.12)
vidvān | vajrin | dasyave | hetim | asya | āryam | sahaḥ | vardhaya | dyumnam | indra ||1.103.03||
mamaddhi | somam | madhu-mantam | indra | satrā | vṛṣan | jaṭhare | ā | vṛṣasva ||10.096.13||
agne | devān | ā | vaha | naḥ | priya-vratān | mṛḻīkāya | priya-vratān ||10.150.03||
vardha | aha | enam | uṣasaḥ | yāman | aktoḥ | vardhān | māsāḥ | śaradaḥ | dyāvaḥ | indram ||6.038.04||
panitaḥ | āptyaḥ | yajataḥ | sadā | naḥ | vardhāt | naḥ | śaṁsam | naryaḥ | abhiṣṭau ||5.041.09||
saḥ | me | vapuḥ | chadayat | aśvinoḥ | yaḥ | rathaḥ | virukmān | manasā | yujānaḥ | (6.49.5)
saḥ | it | dānāya | dabhyāya | vanvan | cyavānaḥ | sūdaiḥ | amimīta | vedim | (10.61.2)
krāṇā | sindhūnām | kalaśān | avīvaśat | indrasya | hārdi | ā-viśan | manīṣi-bhiḥ ||9.086.19||
upa | tyā | vahnī iti | gamataḥ | viśam | naḥ | rakṣaḥ-hanā | sam-bhṛtā | vīḻupāṇī iti vīḻu-pāṇī | (7.73.4)

vājin venaṁstathā vrādhan vidvān varṣmaṁśca veśayan .
śuṣmiñcheṣaṁstathā śatrūn ścamnañchardhantamāṁsi ca ..29..
vājin, venan, vrādhan, vidvān, varṣman, veśayan,śuṣmin, śeṣan, śatrūn, ścamnan; śardhan tamāṁsi
tanūḥ | te | vājin | tanvam | nayantī | vāmam | asmabhyam | dhātu | śarma | tubhyam | (10.76.2)
sadhrīcīnena manasāvivenan tam it sakhāyaṁ kṛṇute samatsu || (4.24.6)
sadhrīcīnena | manasā | avi-venan | tam | it | sakhāyam | kṛṇute | samat-su ||4.024.06||
saḥ | candraḥ | vipra | martyaḥ | mahaḥ | vrādhan-tamaḥ | divi | (1.150.3)
uta | vā | yaḥ | sahasya | pra-vidvān | martaḥ | martam | marcayati | dvayena | (1.147.5)antaḥ | hi | agne | īyase | vidvān | janma | ubhayā | kave | (2.6.7)
ut | ūām iti | stutaḥ | sam-idhā | yahvaḥ | adyaut | varṣman | divaḥ | adhi | nābhā | pṛthivyāḥ | (3.5.9)
saḥ | roruvat | vṛṣabhaḥ | tigma-śṛṅgaḥ | varṣman | tasthau | variman | ā | pṛthivyāḥ | (10.28.2)
haste | dadhānaḥ | naryā | purūṇi | ni-veśayan | ca | pra-suvan | ca | bhūma ||7.045.01||
tvam | agne | sahasā | sahan-tamaḥ | śuṣmin-tamaḥ | jāyase | deva-tātaye | rayiḥ | na | deva-tātaye | (1.127.9)
śeṣan | nu | te | indra | sasmin | yonau | pra-śastaye | pavīravasya | mahnā | (1.174.4)
bṛhaspate | āyudhaiḥ | jeṣi | śatrūn | druhe | riṣantam | pari | dhehi | rājan ||2.030.09||
yena | vaṁsāma | pṛtanāsu | śatrūn | tava | ūti-bhiḥ | uta | jāmīn | ajāmīn ||6.019.08||
devāsaḥ | manyum | dāsasya | ścamnan | te | naḥ | ā | vakṣan | su-vitāya | varṇam ||1.104.02||
śardhan | tamāṁsi | jighnase ||8.043.32||
etam | śardham | dhāma | yasya | sūreḥ | iti | avocan | daśa-tayasya | naṁśe | (1.122.12)
śrutam | vaḥ | vṛtrahan-tamam | pra | śardham | carṣaṇīnām | (8.93.16)

śṛṇvan śreyān stuvañchaṁsan śarmañchikṣaṁstathā bhavet .
sunvan sūrīṁśca svanayan sīdaṁstu niparaṁ vinā .
jāyase tvāntaḻinmadhye dhṛṣajo duḥparantu san ..30..
14

śṛṇvan, śreyān; stuvan śaṁsan; śarman, śikṣan,sunvan, sūrīn, svanayan; sīdan if not followed by ni;
san if followed by jāyase, tvām, taḻit, madhye, dhṛṣajaḥ, duḥ
uta | tvaḥ | paśyan | na | dadarśa | vācam | uta | tvaḥ | śṛṇvan | na | śṛṇoti | enām | (10.71.4)
grāvṇām | it | śṛṇvan | tiṣṭhasi | na | te | aśnāti | pārthivaḥ ||10.085.04||
sutaḥ | somaḥ | asutāt | indra | vasyān | ayam | śreyān | cikituṣe | raṇāya | (6.41.4)
yāsu | ījānaḥ | śaśamānaḥ | ukthaiḥ | stuvan | śaṁsan | draviṇam | sadyaḥ | āpa ||4.051.07||
panitaḥ | āptyaḥ | yajataḥ | sadā | naḥ | vardhāt | naḥ | śaṁsam | naryaḥ | abhiṣṭau ||5.041.09||
asya | priyaḥ | jaritā | yasya | śarman | nakiḥ | devāḥ | vārayante | na | martāḥ ||4.017.19||
itthā | gṛṇantaḥ | mahinasya | śarman | divi | syāma | pārye | gosa-tamāḥ ||6.033.05||
aham | dasyu-bhyaḥ | pari | nṛmṇam | ā | dade | gotrā | śikṣan | dadhīce | mātariśvane ||10.048.02||
dīdayat | it | tubhyam | somebhiḥ | sunvan | dabhītiḥ | idhma-bhṛtiḥ | pakthī | arkaiḥ ||6.020.13||
bharat-vāje | nṛ-vataḥ | indra | sūrīn | divi | ca | sma | edhi | pārye | naḥ | indra ||6.017.14||
tābhiḥ | naḥ | sūno iti | sahasaḥ | ni | pāhi | smat | sūrīn | jaritṝn | jāta-vedaḥ ||7.003.08||
asya | śuṣmāsaḥ | dadṛśāna-paveḥ | jehamānasya | svanayan | niyut-bhiḥ | (10.3.6)
somaḥ | punānaḥ | kalaśān | ayāsīt | sīdan | mṛgaḥ | na | mahiṣaḥ | vaneṣu ||9.092.06||
indreṇa | devaiḥ | saratham | saḥ | barhiṣi | sīdat | ni | hotā | yajathāya | su-kratuḥ ||5.011.02||
garbhe | san | jāyase | punariti ||8.043.09||
yaḥ | āpiḥ | nityaḥ | varuṇa | priyaḥ | san | tvām | āgāṁsi | kṛṇavat | sakhā | te | (7.88.6)
yaḥ | viśvataḥ | su-pratīkaḥ | sa-dṛṅ | asi | dūre | cit | san | taḻit-iva | ati | rocase | (1.94.7)
jane | na | śevaḥ | ā-hūryaḥ | san | madhye | ni-sattaḥ | raṇvaḥ | duroṇe ||1.069.04||
tāḥ | asya | san | dhṛṣajaḥ | na | tigmāḥ | su-saṁśitāḥ | vakṣyaḥ | vakṣaṇe-sthāḥ ||5.019.05||
pāhi | naḥ | indra | su-stuta | sridhaḥ | ava-yātā | sadam | it | duḥ-matīnām | devaḥ | san | duḥ-matīnām |(1.129.11)
sam | tvā | rāyaḥ | śatinaḥ | sam | sahasriṇaḥ | suvīram | yanti | vrata-pām | adābhya ||1.031.10||
sam | naḥ | rāyā | bṛhatā | viśva-peśasā | mimikṣva | sam | iḻābhiḥ | ā |anyat | adya | karvaram | anyat | ūm̐ iti | śvaḥ | asat | ca | sat | muhuḥ | ā-cakriḥ | indraḥ | (6.24.5)

sthātṝn sarasvānsahīyāṁśca sedhan stomān stabhāyantsahāvāntsuvaṁśca .
stotṝntsariṣyaṁśca sādhantsaparyan navyaṁ paraṁ sphūrjayaṁścāpi sadman ..31..
sthātṝn, sarasvān, sahīyān, sedhan, stomān, stabhāyan, sahāvān, suvan,stotṝn, sariṣyan, sādhan; saparyan if followed by navyam; sphūrjayan, sadman
tebhiḥ | rakṣante | amṛtam | sa-joṣāḥ | paśūn | ca | sthātṝn | caratham | ca | pāhi ||1.072.06||
sarasvān | dhībhiḥ | varuṇaḥ | dhṛta-vrataḥ | pūṣā | viṣṇuḥ | mahimā | vāyuḥ | aśvinā | (10.66.5)
sahasaḥ | cit | sahīyān | devaḥ | jīvātave | kṛtaḥ ||10.176.04||
apa-sedhan | duḥ-itā | soma | mṛḻaya | ghṛtam | vasānaḥ | pari | yāsi | niḥ-nijam ||9.082.02||
saḥ | naḥ | stomān | namasyaḥ | canaḥ | dhāt | viśvebhiḥ | pātu | pāyu-bhiḥ | ni | sūrīn ||7.038.03||
ūrdhvam | bhānum | sūryasya | stabhāyan | divaḥ | vasu-bhiḥ | aratiḥ | vi | bhāti ||10.003.02||
sahāvān dasyum avratam oṣaḥ pātraṁ na śociṣā ||1.175.03||
saha-vān | dasyum | avratam | oṣaḥ | pātram | na | śociṣā ||1.175.03||
tat | vām | dātram | mahi | kīrtenyam | bhūt | paidvaḥ | vājī | sadam | it | havyaḥ | aryaḥ ||1.116.06||
haste dadhāno naryā purūṇi niveśayañ ca prasuvañ ca bhūma ||7.045.01||
haste | dadhānaḥ | naryā | purūṇi | ni-veśayan | ca | pra-suvan | ca | bhūma ||7.045.01||
su-bhāgān | naḥ | devāḥ | kṛṇuta | su-ratnān | asmān | stotṝn | marutaḥ | vavṛdhānāḥ | (10.78.8)
uta | sma | āsu | prathamaḥ | sariṣyan | ni | veveti | śreṇi-bhiḥ | rathānām | (4.38.6)
āpaḥ | ca | mitram | dhiṣaṇā | ca | sādhan | devāḥ | agnim | dhārayan | draviṇaḥ-dām ||1.096.01||

15

tam | aṅgirasvat | namasā | saparyan | navyam | kṛṇomi | sanyase | purā-jām | (3.31.19)
agneḥ | anīkam | bṛhataḥ | saparyam | divi | śukram | yajatam | sūryasya ||10.007.03||
tam | arciṣā | sphūrjayan | jāta-vedaḥ | sam-akṣam | enam | gṛṇate | ni | vṛṅdhi ||10.087.11||
mahī iti | atra | mahinā | vāram | ṛṇvathaḥ | areṇavaḥ | tujaḥ | ā | sadman | dhenavaḥ | (1.151.5)
asmaḥ | na | sadman | ni | śiśāti | barhiḥ | śūraḥ | sargam | akṛṇot | indraḥ | eṣām ||7.018.11||

sarvāntsīvyaṁstathā sindhūntsāmantsatvantsahantamaḥ .
sahvāntsiñcan haviṣmāṁśca han haryanniti saṁgrahaḥ ..32..
sarvān, sīvyan, sindhūn, sāman, satvan; sahan-tamaḥ;sahvān, siñcan, haviṣmān, han, haryanadṛṣṭān | sarvān | jambhayan | sarvāḥ | ca | yātu-dhānyaḥ ||1.191.08||
āt | rodasī iti | jyotiṣā | vahniḥ | ā | atanot | sīvyan | tamāṁsi | dudhitā | sam | avyayat ||2.017.04||
su-kṣetrā | akṛṇvan | anayanta | sindhūn | dhanva | ā | atiṣṭhan | oṣadhīḥ | nimnam | āpaḥ ||4.033.07||
gharmam | na | sāman | tapata | suvṛkti-bhiḥ | juṣṭam | girvaṇase | bṛhat ||8.089.07||
saḥ | satya-satvan | mahate | raṇāya | ratham | ā | tiṣṭha | tuvi-nṛmṇa | bhīmam | (6.31.5)
tvam | agne | sahasā | sahan-tamaḥ | śuṣmin-tamaḥ | jāyase | deva-tātaye | rayiḥ | na | deva-tātaye | (1.129.9)
indram | viśva-saham | naram | maṁhiṣṭham | viśva-carṣaṇim ||6.044.04||
yasya | kratuḥ | vidathyaḥ | na | sam-rāṭ | sahvān | tarutraḥ | abhi | asti | kṛṣṭīḥ ||4.021.02||
induḥ | yebhiḥ | āṣṭa | sva-iduhavyaiḥ | sruveṇa | siñcan | jaraṇā | abhi | dhāma ||1.121.06||
atho iti | ha | kṣatram | adhi | dhattha | ugrā | yaḥ | vām | haviṣmān | manasā | dadāśa ||1.157.06||
kim | āt | uta | asi | vṛtra-han | magha-van | manyumat-tamaḥ | (4.30.7)
prati | manāyoḥ | ucathāni | haryan | tasmin | dadhat | vṛṣaṇam | śuṣmam | indraḥ ||4.024.07||
dhanoḥ | adhi | pra-vatā | yāsi | haryan | jigīṣase | paśuḥ-iva | ava-sṛṣṭaḥ ||10.004.03||

iti naparalakṣaṇaṁ samāptam .

Tapara (644)Introduction
A list of all words which end in t in the Ṛgveda Padapātha (PP) when in the Saṁhitā the tbecomes n before n.
(t, n, m)+n<=> n + n

Tapara answers the question if the word in the Padapāṭha ends in t or m.
Example 1:bṛhad gāyantaḥ sutasome adhvare huve bharan na kāriṇam ||8.066.01||
Is the word in the Padapāṭha bharan, bharat or bharam?
Napara 22: vām bharan; in 8.66.1 bharan is preceded by huve => the word is not bharan; Tapara does
not mention the word bharat =>bharam is word in the PP.
bṛhat | gāyantaḥ | suta-some | adhvare | huve | bharam | na | kāriṇam ||8.066.01||

16

Example 2:admasan na sasato bodhayantī śaśvattamāgāt punar eyuṣīṇām || (1.124.4)
Is the word in the Padapāṭha san, sat or sam?
Napara 30: san if followed by jāyase, tvām, taḻit, madhye, dhṛṣajaḥ, duḥ; in 1.124.4 san is followed by na=> the word in the PP is not san; Tapara 13 mentions sat if it is the second part of a compound word =>the word in the PP is -sat.
adma-sat | na | sasataḥ | bodhayantī | śaśvat-tamā | ā | agāt | punaḥ | ā-īyuṣīṇām ||1.124.04||
Example 3:
yathā kṣayāma sarvavīrayā viśā tan naḥ śardhāya dhāsathā sv indriyam ||1.111.02||
n + n <=> (t, n, m) + n
Is the word in the Padapāṭha tat, tan or tam?
Napara does not mention tan => the word in the PP is not tan;
Tapara 6-8: tat if not preceded by bravāmahai, tarīṣaṇi, indra, martyānām, rayīṇām, vājapeśasam,hiraṇyayīḥ, pra, martyāya, vāsayāmasi, manyase, rayim, kratum, vedhāḥ, prīṇanti, sujanān, pari; in
1.111.2 tan is preceded by viśā => the word in the PP is tat
yathā | kṣayāma | sarva-vīrayā | viśā | tat | naḥ | śardhāya | dhāsatha | su | indriyam ||1.111.02||

Text of Tapara with Commentaryabhrādamuñcadakṛṇodasvāpayadacikradat .
asaccātṛṇadanamadasmadasthādavīdbhavet ..1..
abhrāt, amuñcat, akṛṇot, asvāpayat, acikradat,
asat, atṛṇat, anamat, asmat, asthāt, avīt
pra ye divaḥ pṛthivyā na barhaṇā tmanā riricre abhrān na sūryaḥ | (10.77.3)
pra | ye | divaḥ | pṛthivyāḥ | na | barhaṇā | tmanā | riricre | abhrāt | na | sūryaḥ | (10.77.3)
pra | naḥ | divaḥ | pada-vīḥ | gavyuḥ | arcan | sakhā | sakhīn | amuñcat | niḥ | avadyāt ||3.031.08||
su-gān | pathaḥ | akṛṇot | niḥ-aje | gāḥ | pra | āvan | vāṇīḥ | puru-hūtam | dhamantīḥ ||3.030.10||
asvāpayat | ni-gutaḥ | snehayat | ca | apa | amitrān | apa | acitaḥ | aca | itaḥ ||9.097.54||
ava | dyutānaḥ | kalaśān | acikradat | nṛ-bhiḥ | vemānaḥ | kośe | ā | hiraṇyaye | (9.75.3)
hatā | īm | asat | na | vakṣati | kṣiptā | jūrṇiḥ | na | vakṣati ||1.129.08||
nu | cit | yathā | naḥ | sakhyā | vi-yoṣat | asat | naḥ | ugraḥ | avitā | tanū-pāḥ ||4.016.20||
sadma-iva | prācaḥ | vi | mimāya | mānaiḥ | vajreṇa | khāni | atṛṇat | nadīnām |yaḥ | nantvāni | anamat | ni | ojasā | uta | adardaḥ | manyunā | śambarāṇi | vi | (2.24.2)
mṛḻa | jaritre | rudra | stavānaḥ | anyam | te | asmat | ni | vapantu | senāḥ ||2.033.11||
agre | bṛhan | uṣasām | ūrdhvaḥ | asthāt | niḥ-jaganvān | tamasaḥ | jyotiṣā | ā | agāt | (10.1.1)
avīt | naḥ | agniḥ | havya-at | namaḥ-bhiḥ | preṣṭhaḥ | asmai | adhāyi | stomaḥ ||7.034.14||

astabhnādasadaccaiva hyavadhīdat sphuṭantathā .
aṅgirasvadavindat syādayanaccāradattathā ..2..
17

astabhnāt, asadat, avadhīt, at,aṅgirasvat, avindat, ajanat, aradatavṛścat | adrim | ava | sa-syadaḥ | sṛjat | astabhnāt | nākam | su-apasyayā | pṛthum ||10.113.04||
sahasra-dhāraḥ | asadat | ni | asme iti | mātuḥ | upa-sthe | vane | ā | ca | somaḥ ||9.089.01||
ni | gāvaḥ | go-sthe | asadan | ni | mṛgāsaḥ | avikṣata | (1.191.4) (See Napara 5)
indraḥ | yat | vṛtram | avadhīt | nadī-vṛtam | ubjan | arṇāṁsi | jarhṛṣāṇaḥ | andhasā ||1.052.02||
avīt | naḥ | agniḥ | havya-at | namaḥ-bhiḥ | preṣṭhaḥ | asmai | adhāyi | stomaḥ ||7.034.14||
aṅgirasvat | mahi-vrata | praskaṇvasya | śrudhi | havam ||1.045.03||
tam | aṅgirasvat | namasā | saparyan | navyam | kṛṇomi | sanyase | purā-jām | (3.31.19)
bṛhaspatiḥ | yāḥ | avindat | ni-gūḻhāḥ | somaḥ | grāvānaḥ | ṛṣayaḥ | ca | viprāḥ ||10.108.11||
cakṣuṣaḥ | pitā | manasā | hi | dhīraḥ | ghṛtam | ene | ajanat | namnamāne iti | (10.82.1)
jaghāna | vṛtram | sva-dhitiḥ | vanā-iva | ruroja | puraḥ | aradat | na | sindhūn | (10.89.7)

astṛṇādavidaccaivamasṛjaccāruhattathā .
avahaccānyadavidhadajuṣaccāsphurattathā ..3..
astṛṇāt, avidat, asṛjat, aruhat,
avahat, anyat, avidhat, ajuṣat
saḥ | māyāḥ | arcinā | padā | astṛṇāt | nākam | ā | aruhat | nabhantām | anyake | same ||8.041.08||
nu | cit | hi | ratnam | sasatām-iva | avidat | na | duḥ-stutiḥ | draviṇaḥ-deṣu | śasyate ||1.053.01||triḥ | sapta | yat | guhyāni | tve iti | it | padā | avidan | ni-hitā | yajñiyāsaḥ | (1.72.6) (see Napara 2)
kva | tyā | valgū iti | puru-hūtā | adya | dūtaḥ | na | stomaḥ | avidat | namasvān | (6.63.1)
su-ādhībhiḥ | ṛkva-bhiḥ | vāvaśānaḥ | ut | usriyāṇām | asṛjat | ni-dānam ||6.032.02||
saḥ | māyāḥ | arcinā | padā | astṛṇāt | nākam | ā | aruhat | nabhantām | anyake | same ||8.041.08||
anu | tri-śokaḥ | śatam | ā | avahat | nṝn | kutsena | rathaḥ | yaḥ | asat | sasa-vān ||10.029.02||
viśvam | anyat | ni | viśate | yat | ejati | viśvāhā | āpaḥ | viśvāhā | ut | eti | sūryaḥ ||10.037.02||
ānīt | avātam | svadhayā | tat | ekam | tasmāt | ha | anyat | na | paraḥ | kim | cana | āsa ||10.129.02||
yaḥ | asmai | haviṣā | avidhat | na | tam | pūṣā | api | mṛṣyate | (6.54.4)
yasya | ajuṣat | namasvinaḥ | śamīm | aduḥ-makhasya | vā | (8.75.14)

adhārayaccāsvadayadaśvāccājohavīdapi .
āvadāsīttathāvīdādāsyat syādidiyādapi ..4..
adhārayat, asvadayat, aśvāt, ajohavīt,āvat, āsīt, āvīt, āt, āsyat, it, iyātsaḥ | dhāma | pūrvyam | mame | yaḥ | skambhena | vi | rodasī iti | ajaḥ | na | dyām | adhārayat | nabhantām |anyake | same ||8.041.10||
agniḥ | śociṣmān | atasāni | uṣṇan | kṛṣṇa-vyathiḥ | asvadayat | na | bhūma ||2.004.07||
na | avājinam | vājinā | hāsayanti | na | gardabham | puraḥ | aśvāt | nayanti ||3.053.23||
ajohavīt | nāsatyā | karā | vām | mahe | yāman | puru-bhujā | puram-dhiḥ | (1.116.13)
atriḥ | yat | vām | ava-rohan | ṛbīsam | ajohavīt | nādhamānā-iva | yoṣā | (5.78.4)
pra | āvat | namīm | sāpyam | sasantam | pṛṇak | rāyā | sam | iṣā | sam | svasti ||6.020.06||
agniḥ | atrim | bharat-vājam | gaviṣṭhiram | pra | āvat | naḥ | kaṇvam | trasadasyum | ā-have | (10.150.5)
na | asat | āsīt | no iti | sat | āsīt | tadānīm | na | āsīt | rajaḥ | no iti | vi-oma | paraḥ | yat | (10.129.1)
hantā | vṛtram | indraḥ | śūśuvānaḥ | pra | āvīt | nu | vīraḥ | jaritāram | ūtī | (7.20.2)
āt | naḥ | vāyo iti | madhu | piba | asmākam | savanā | ā | gahi ||8.026.20||

18

anādhṛṣṭāni | dhṛṣitaḥ | vi | āsyat | ni-dhīn | adevān | amṛṇat | ayāsyaḥ | (10.138.4)
tat | it | naktam | tat | divā | mahyam | āhuḥ | tat | ayam | ketaḥ | hṛdaḥ | ā | vi | caṣṭe | (1.24.12)
apa | asmāt | pra | iyāt | na | tat | okaḥ | asti | pṛṇantam | anyam | araṇam | cit | icchet ||10.117.04||

udainot kṛṇavaccāpi sahaḥ pūrvaṁ vinā karat .
kanikradat kuviccāpi garhase karase naram ..5..
ut, ainot, kṛṇavat; karat if not preceded by sahaḥ;kanikradat, kuvit;ṛbīse | atrim | aśvinā | ava-nītam | ut | ninyathuḥ | sarva-gaṇam | svasti ||1.116.08||
sindhuḥ | na | kṣodaḥ | pra | nīcīḥ | ainot | navante | gāvaḥ | svaḥ | dṛśīke ||1.066.10||
cakāra | tā | kṛṇavat | nūnam | anyā | yāni | bruvanti | vedhasaḥ | suteṣu | (7.26.3)
ut-vavṛṣāṇaḥ | rādhase | tuviṣmān | karat | naḥ | indraḥ | su-tīrthā | abhayam | ca ||4.029.03||
aham | ni | anyam | sahasā | sahaḥ | karam | nava | vrādhataḥ | navatim | ca | vakṣayam ||10.049.08||
sīdan | indrasya | jaṭhare | kanikradat | nṛ-bhiḥ | yataḥ | sūryam | ā | arohayaḥ | divi ||9.086.22||
kuvit | naḥ | agniḥ | ucathasya | vīḥ | asat | vasuḥ | kuvit | vasu-bhiḥ | kāmam | ā-varat | (1.143.6)

pūrvaṁ kacca kapṛt khyat khyad gamaccāpi ghṛṇād bhavet .
cijjijjujoṣat taccātra sphuṭameva bravāmahai ..6..
(garhase, karase, naram) kat; kapṛt, khyat, khyat?, gamat, ghṛṇāt,cit, jit, jujoṣat; tat if not preceded by bravāmahai,kathā | ha | tat | varuṇāya | tvam | agne | kathā | dive | garhase | kat | naḥ | āgaḥ | (4.33.5)
kat | ūm̐ iti | dyumnam | indra | tvā-vataḥ | nṝn | kayā | dhiyā | karase | kat | naḥ | ā | agan | (10.29.4)
śagdhi | yathā | ruśamam | śyāvakam | kṛpam | indra | pra | āvaḥ | svaḥ-naram ||8.003.12||
kat | navyaḥ | atasīnām | turaḥ | gṛṇīta | martyaḥ | (8.3.13)
eva | it | eṣā | puru-tamā | dṛśe | kam | na | ajāmim | na | pari | vṛṇakti | jāmim | (1.124.6)
kapṛt | naraḥ | kapṛtham | ut | dadhātana | codayata | khudata | vāja-sātaye | (10.101.12)
pra | īm | andhaḥ | khyat | niḥ | śroṇaḥ | bhūt ||8.079.02||
āpaḥ | cit | asmai | su-tukāḥ | aveṣan | gamat | naḥ | indraḥ | sakhyā | vayaḥ | ca ||1.178.02||
avaḥ | mahaḥ | indra | dadṛhi | śrudhi | naḥ | śuśoca | hi | dyauḥ | kṣāḥ | na | bhīṣā | adri-vaḥ | ghṛṇāt | na |bhīṣā | adri-vaḥ | (1.133.6)
vacaḥ | tat | cit | naḥ | ohase ||1.030.04||
go-jit | naḥ | somaḥ | ratha-jit | hiraṇya-jit | svaḥ-jit | ap-jit | pavate | sahasra-jit | (9.78.4)
tasmai | uktham | janaye | yat | jujoṣat | nṛ-vat | navīyaḥ | śṛṇavat | yathā | naḥ ||7.026.01||
aryamaṇam | varuṇam | somam | aśvinā | sarasvatī | naḥ | su-bhagā | mayaḥ | karat ||1.089.03||
tat | naḥ | vātaḥ | mayaḥ-bhu | vātu | bheṣajam | tat | mātā | pṛthivī | tat | pitā | dyauḥ | (1.89.4)
saḥ | tvam | agne | saubhaga-tvasya | vidvān | asmākam | āyuḥ | pra | tira | iha | deva |tat | naḥ | mitraḥ | varuṇaḥ | mamahantām | aditiḥ | sindhuḥ | pṛthivī | uta | dyauḥ ||1.094.16||…
yat | adya | tvā | sūrya | upa-bravāmahai | tam | naḥ | devāḥ | anu | maṁsīrata | kratum ||10.037.05||

tarīṣaṇīndra martyānāṁ rayīṇāṁ vājapeśasam .
hiraṇyayīḥ pra martyāya vāsayāmasi manyase ..7..
tarīṣaṇi, indra, martyānām, rayīṇām, vājapeśasam,hiraṇyayīḥ, pra, martyāya, vāsayāmasi, manyase,asmabhyam | sūrayaḥ | stutāḥ | viśvāḥ | āśāḥ | tarīṣaṇi ||4.037.07||19

tam | naḥ | vājāḥ | ṛbhukṣaṇaḥ | indra | nāsatyā | rayim | (4.37.8)
yaḥ | te | madaḥ | pṛtanāṣāṭ | amṛdhraḥ | indra | tam | naḥ | ā | bhara | śūśu-vāṁsam | (6.19.7)
dveṣaḥ-yutaḥ | na | duḥ-itā | turyāma | martyānām ||5.009.06||
tam | naḥ | agne | abhi | naraḥ | rayim | sahasvaḥ | ā | bhara | (5.9.7)
mūrdhā | kaviḥ | rayīṇām ||8.075.04||
tam | nemim | ṛbhavaḥ | yathā | ā | namasva | sahūti-bhiḥ | (8.75.5)aśvām-iva | pipyata | dhenum | ūdhani | kartā | dhiyam | jaritre | vāja-peśasam ||2.034.06||
tam | naḥ | dāta | marutaḥ | vājinam | rathe | āpānam | brahma | citayat | dive-dive | (2.34.7)
agni-bhrājasaḥ | vi-dyutaḥ | gabhastyoḥ | śiprāḥ | śīṛṣa-su | vi-tatāḥ | hiraṇyayīḥ ||5.054.11||
tam | nākam | aryaḥ | agṛbhīta-śociṣam | ruśat | pippalam | marutaḥ | vi | dhūnutha | (5.54.12)
pra | tam | naya | pra-taram | vasyaḥ | accha | abhi | sumnam | deva-bhaktam | yaviṣṭha ||10.045.09||
yayā | rādhaḥ | pinvasi | viśva-vāra | pṛthu | śravaḥ | dāśuṣe | martyāya ||7.005.08||
tam | naḥ | agne | maghavat-bhyaḥ | puru-kṣum | rayim | ni | vājam | śrutyam | yuvasva | (7.5.9)
tam | gīḥ-bhiḥ | vāsayāmasi ||9.043.01||
tam | naḥ | viśvāḥ | avasyuvaḥ | giraḥ | śumbhanti | pūrva-thā | (8.43.2)
asya | hi | svayaśaḥ-taraḥ | āsā | vi-dharman | manyase |tam | nākam | citra-śociṣam | mandram | paraḥ | manīṣayā ||5.017.02||

rayiṁ tathā kratuṁ vedhāḥ prīṇanti sujanān pari .
pūrvaṁ tu varjayet tiṣṭhāt tvanno jagmuḥ paraṁ bhavet ..8..
rayim, kratum, vedhāḥ, prīṇanti, sujanān, pari;tiṣṭhāt; tvat if followed by naḥ jagmuḥ;yam | agne | vāja-sātama | tvam | cit | manyase | rayim |tam | naḥ | gīḥ-bhiḥ | śravāyyam | deva-trā | panaya | yujam ||5.020.01||
yat | adya | tvā | sūrya | upa-bravāmahai | tam | naḥ | devāḥ | anu | maṁsīrata | kratum ||10.037.05||
tam | naḥ | dyāvāpṛthivī iti | tat | naḥ | āpaḥ | indraḥ | śṛṇvantu | marutaḥ | havam | vacaḥ |divaḥ | cit | pūrvaḥ | ni | asādi | hotā | ā-pṛcchyaḥ | viśpatiḥ | vikṣu | vedhāḥ ||1.060.02||
tam | navyasī | hṛdaḥ | ā | jāyamānam | asmat | su-kīrtiḥ | madhu-jihvam | aśyāḥ | (1.60.3)
samīcīnāḥ | su-dānavaḥ | prīṇanti | tam | naraḥ | hitam | ava | mehanti | peravaḥ ||9.074.04||
dyauḥ | na | yaḥ | indra | abhi | bhūma | aryaḥ | tasthau | rayiḥ | śavasā | pṛt-su | janān |tam | naḥ | sahasra-bharam | urvarā-sām | daddhi | sūno iti | sahasaḥ | vṛtra-turam ||6.020.01||
dve iti | pavaste iti | pari | tam | na | bhūtaḥ | yaḥ | asya | pāre | rajasaḥ | viveṣa ||10.027.07||
upa | tvā | rātiḥ | su-kṛtasya | tiṣṭhāt | ni | vartasva | hṛdayam | tapyate | me ||10.095.17||
nu | anyatra | cit | adri-vaḥ | tvat | naḥ | jagmuḥ | ā-śasaḥ |tvam | naḥ | agne | sanaye | dhanānām | yaśasam | kārum | kṛṇuhi | stavānaḥ | (1.31.8)
bhajanta | viśve | deva-tvam | nāma | ṛtam | sapantaḥ | amṛtam | evaiḥ ||1.068.04||

tandracca mātamat tasmāt tiṣṭhat tyannuparaṁ vinā .
darṣad didyud dadacca dyud dabhad dāśād davidyutat ..9..
tandrat; mā tamat; tasmāt, tiṣṭhat; tyat if not followed by nu;darṣat, didyut, dadat, dyut, dabhat, dāśāt, davidyutatna | mā | tamat | na | śramat | na | uta | tandrat | na | vocāma | mā | sunota | iti | somam | (2.30.7)
na | mā | tamat | na | śramat | na | uta | tandrat | na | vocāma | mā | sunota | iti | somam | (2.30.7)
tam | īm | giraḥ | janayaḥ | na | patnīḥ | surabhiḥ-tamam | narām | nasanta ||1.186.07||
tasmāt | naḥ | pāhi | aṁhasaḥ ||6.016.31||
arbhakaḥ | na | kumārakaḥ | adhi | tiṣṭhat | navam | ratham | (8.69.15)
etat | tyat | na | yojanam | aceti | sasvaḥ | ha | yat | marutaḥ | gotamaḥ | vaḥ | (1.88.5)

20

tava | tyat | naryam | nṛto iti | apaḥ | indra | prathamam | pūrvyam | divi | pra-vācyam | kṛtam | (2.22.4)
tyam | nu | mārutam | gaṇam | giri-sthām | vṛṣaṇam | huve | (8.24.12)
abhūḥ | ūm̐ iti | aukṣīḥ | vi | ūm̐ iti | āyuḥ | ānaṭ | darṣat | nu | pūrvaḥ | aparaḥ | nu | darṣat | (10.27.7)
patāti | didyut | naryasya | bāhvoḥ | mā | te | manaḥ | viṣvadryak | vi | cārīt ||7.025.01||
vocema | it | indram | magha-vānam | enam | mahaḥ | rayaḥ | rādhasaḥ | yat | dadat | naḥ | (7.28.5)
vi-dyut | na | yā | patantī | davidyot | bharantī | me | apyā | kāmyāni | (10.95.10)
na | gha | rājā | indraḥ | ā | dabhat | naḥ | yā | nu | svasārā | kṛṇavanta | yonau | (1.178.2)
sunīti-bhiḥ | nayasi | trāyase | janam | yaḥ | tubhyam | dāśāt | na | tam | aṁhaḥ | aśnavat | (2.23.4)
avīre | kratau | vi | davidyutat | na | urā | na | māyum | citayanta | dhunayaḥ ||10.095.03||

dhakṣannayannaśanneṣan nānadat paramāt pibat .
paścācca pārśvāt parṣacca paścātācca bṛhad bhinat ..10..
dhakṣat, nayat, naśat, neṣat, nānadat, paramāt, pibat,
paścāt, pārśvāt, parṣat, paścātāt, bṛhat, bhinatdakṣan na viśvaṁ tatṛṣāṇam oṣati ny arśasānam oṣati ||1.130.08||
dhakṣat | na | viśvam | tatṛṣāṇam | oṣati | ni | arśasānam | oṣati ||1.130.08||
agniḥ | nayat | nava-vāstvam | bṛhat-ratham | turvītim | dasyave | sahaḥ ||1.036.18||
nakiḥ | tam | karmaṇā | naśat | na | pra | yoṣat | na | yoṣati | (8.31.17)
saḥ | naḥ | neṣat | neṣa-tamaiḥ | amūraḥ | agniḥ | vāmam | su-vitam | vasyaḥ | accha ||1.141.12||
saḥ | jinvate | jaṭhareṣu | prajajñi-vān | vṛṣā | citreṣu | nānadat | na | siṁhaḥ | (3.2.11)
pra | yat | pituḥ | paramāt | nīyate | pari | ā | pṛkṣudhaḥ | vīrudhaḥ | dam-su | rohati | (1.141.4)
bhara | pibat | naryāya ||8.002.23||
purastāt | budhnaḥ | ā-tataḥ | paścāt | niḥ-ayanam | kṛtam ||10.135.06||
na | aham | ataḥ | niḥ | aya | duḥ-gahā | etat | tiraścatā | pārśvāt | niḥ | gamāni | (4.18.2)
saḥ | naḥ | viśvā | ati | dviṣaḥ | parṣat | nāvā-iva | su-kratuḥ ||5.025.09||
kāmaḥ | rāyaḥ | su-vīryasya | tam | dāt | parṣat | naḥ | ati | saścataḥ | ariṣṭān ||7.097.04||
ā | paścātāt | nāsatyā | ā | purastāt | ā | aśvinā | yātam | adharāt | udaktāt | (7.52.5)
pra | su | jyeṣṭham | ni-cirābhyām | bṛhat | namaḥ | havyam | matim | bharata | mṛḻayat-bhyām | svādiṣṭham |mṛḻayat-bhyām | (1.136.1)
yaḥ | udnaḥ | phali-gam | bhinat | nyak | sindhūn | ava-asṛjat | (8.32.25)

bhasad bhuvat tathā mat syādupapūrvaṁ vinaiva ca .
mardhiṣan mit tathā yāvadyaṁsadyādyoṣadapyatha ..11..
bhasat, bhuvat; mat except when preceded by upa;
mardhiṣat, mit, yāvat, yaṁsat, yāt, yoṣat
bhasat | nu | saḥ | pra | pūrvyaḥ | iṣam | vurīta | avase ||6.014.01||devaḥ | bhuvat | navedāḥ | me | ṛtānām | namaḥ | jagṛbhvān | abhi | yat | jujoṣat ||4.023.04||
nahi | te | pūram | akṣi-pat | bhuvat | nemānām | vaso iti | (6.16.18)
tat | vām | narā | śaṁsyam | rādhyam | ca | abhiṣṭi-mat | nāsatyā | varūtham | (1.116.11)
upa-stutāḥ | upa-mam | nādhamānāḥ | amartyeṣu | śravaḥ | icchamānāḥ ||1.110.05||
na | rādhasā | mardhiṣat | naḥ ||8.081.04||
anūnena | bṛhatā | vakṣathena | upa | stabhāyat | upa-mit | na | rodhaḥ ||4.005.01||
yāvat | taraḥ | tanvaḥ | yāvat | ojaḥ | yāvat | naraḥ | cakṣasā | dīdhyānāḥ | (7.91.4)
na | aha | dāmānam | magha-vā | ni | yaṁsat | ni | sunvate | vahati | bhūri | vāmam ||10.042.08||
stotāram | vipraḥ | sudina-tve | ahvām | yāt | nu | dyāvaḥ | tatanan | yāt | uṣasaḥ ||7.088.04||
na | saḥ | rāyā | śaśamānaḥ | vi | yoṣat | na | enam | aṁhaḥ | pari | varat | agha-yoḥ ||4.002.09||21

devā nevokṣito miḻheṣvaraṇī pūrvakaṁ na yat .
yasmācca rāmayadrevadviśvasmādvadviduttaram ..12..
yat if not preceded by devāḥ, na, iva ā, ukṣitaḥ, miḻheṣu, araṇī;yasmāt, rāmayat, revat, viśvasmāt, vat, -vit
nava | ca | yat | navatim | ca | sravantīḥ | śyenaḥ | na | bhītaḥ | ataraḥ | rajāṁsi ||1.032.14||
pra-vācyam | tat | vṛṣaṇā | kṛtam | vām | yat | nārsadāya | śravaḥ | adhi-adhattam ||1.117.08||
ut | usriyāḥ | sṛjate | sūryaḥ | sacā | ut-yat | nakṣatram | arci-vat | (7.81.2)
yam | su-kratum | dhiṣaṇe | vibhva-taṣṭam | ghanam | vṛtrāṇām | janayanta | devāḥ ||3.049.01||
yam | nu | nakiḥ | pṛtanāsu | sva-rājam | dvitā | tarati | nṛ-tamam | hari-sthām |āyum | na | yam | namasā | rāta-havyāḥ | añjanti | su-prayasam | pañca | janāḥ ||6.011.04||
vṛṣṭī | dyāvaḥ | yatīḥ-iva ||5.053.05||
ā | yam | naraḥ | su-dānavaḥ | dadāśuṣe | divaḥ | kośam | acucyavuḥ | (5.53.6)
sacanta | yat | uṣasaḥ | sūryeṇa | citrām | asya | ketavaḥ | rām | avindan |ā | yat | nakṣatram | dadṛśe | divaḥ | na | punaḥ | yataḥ | nakiḥ | addhā | nu | veda ||10.111.07||
dīdetha | kaṇve | ṛta-jātaḥ | ukṣitaḥ | yam | namasyanti | kṛṣṭayaḥ ||1.036.19||
abhiṣṭaye | sadā-vṛdham | svaḥ-mīḻheṣu | yam | naraḥ | (8.68.5)
hiraṇyayī iti | araṇī iti | yam | niḥ-manthataḥ | aśvinā | (10.184.3)
yasmāt | na | ṛte | vi-jayante | janāsaḥ | yam | yudhyamānāḥ | avase | havante | (2.12.9)
yena | śuṣṇam | māyinam | āyasaḥ | made | dudhraḥ | ābhūṣu | rāmayat | ni | dāmani ||1.056.03||
agne | eṣu | kṣayeṣu | ā | revat | naḥ | śukra | dīdihi | dyu-mat | pāvaka | dīdihi ||5.023.04||
ratham | na | duḥ-gāt | vasavaḥ | su-dānavaḥ | viśvasmāt | naḥ | aṁhasaḥ | niḥ | pipartana ||1.106.01||
tāḥ | pratna-vat | navyasīḥ | nūnam | asme iti | revat | ucchantu | su-dināḥ | uṣasaḥ ||1.124.09||
pavasva | soma | kratu-vit | naḥ | ukthyaḥ | avyaḥ | vāre | pari | dhāva | madhu | priyam | (9.86.48)
mā | tvā | ke | cit | ni | yaman | vim | na | pāśinaḥ | ati | dhanva-iva | tān | ihi ||3.045.01||

vidadvinottaraṁ vardhāt śramacchrucca śakattathā .
sāviṣat smacca sāsahyāt svit sīdat syāt saduttaram .
simasmācca huvacceti tāntamevaṁ prakīrtitam ..13..
vidat except when last member of a compound; vardhāt, śramat, śrut, śakat,sāviṣat, smat, sāsahyāt, svit, sīdat, syāt, -sat,simasmāt, huvat;saḥ | abhriyaḥ | na | yavase | udanyan | kṣayāya | gātum | vidat | naḥ | asme iti | (10.99.8)
śata-dhāram | vāyum | arkam | svaḥ-vidam | nṛ-cakṣasaḥ | te | abhi | cakṣate | haviḥ |panitaḥ | āptyaḥ | yajataḥ | sadā | naḥ | vardhāt | naḥ | śaṁsam | naryaḥ | abhiṣṭau ||5.041.09||
na | mā | tamat | na | śramat | na | uta | tandrat | na | vocāma | mā | sunota | iti | somam | (2.30.7)
havana-śrut | naḥ | rudra | iha | bodhi | bṛhat | vadema | vidathe | su-vīrāḥ ||2.033.15||
na | tat | te | anyaḥ | anu | vīryam | śakat | na | purāṇaḥ | magha-van | na | uta | nūtanaḥ ||10.043.05||
śreṣṭham | savam | savitā | sāviṣat | naḥ | abhi-iddhaḥ | gharmaḥ | tat | ūm̐ iti | su | pra | vocam ||1.164.26||
abhi | naḥ | iḻā | yūthasya | mātā | smat | nadībhiḥ | urvaśī | vā | gṛṇātu | (5.41.19)
ād agne apṛṇato 'triḥ sāsahyād dasyūn iṣaḥ sāsahyān nṝn ||5.007.10||
āt | agne | apṛṇataḥ | atriḥ | sasahyāt | dasyūn | iṣaḥ | sasahyāt | nṝn ||5.007.10||
asti | svit | nu | vīryam | tat | te | indra | na | svit | asti | tat | ṛtu-thā | vi | vocaḥ ||6.018.03||
indreṇa | devaiḥ | saratham | saḥ | barhiṣi | sīdat | ni | hotā | yajathāya | su-kratuḥ ||5.011.02||
syāt | naḥ | sūnuḥ | tanayaḥ | vijā-vā | agne | sā | te | su-matiḥ | bhūtu | asme iti ||3.001.23||
adma-sat | na | sasataḥ | bodhayantī | śaśvat-tamā | ā | agāt | punaḥ | ā-īyuṣīṇām ||1.124.04||22

sam | nu | vocāvahai | punaḥ | yataḥ | me | madhu | ā-bhṛtam | (1.25.17)
ut | śukram | atkam | ajate | simasmāt | navā | mātṛ-bhyaḥ | vasanā | jahāti ||1.095.07||vāhiṣṭhaḥ | vām | havānām | stomaḥ | dūtaḥ | huvat | narā | (8.26.16)

saṁgrāhyamapi yat kiñcidatrānuktaṁ vicakṣaṇaiḥ .
ūhyamevannatāntākhyaṁ lakṣaṇaṁ samudīritam ..
… the lakṣaṇa called Natānta has been uttered.

List Napara
Explanation of symbols:; with restricting conditions (accent, previous word, following word, exceptions)( ) word mentioned in Taparaakṛṇvan, aktūn, akrān, akṣan;, akṣaran;, agan, agṛbhṇan, agman, acikitvān, ajagmiran, ajījanan, ajuṣran,añjan, ataran, atān, atiṣṭhan, atrasan, adabdhān, adṛśran, adhvan, anakṣan, anajan, anāgān, antān,
anyān, apaptan, apṛṇan, abudhran, abruvan, abhavan;, abhūvan, abhūṣan, amadan, amitrān, ayan;,ayān, ayujran, arakṣan, aran;, arān, ariṣaṇyan, aruhan; (aruhat), arohayan, arcan, aryaman, arvan,
arhan, avadan, avarān, avardhan, avardhayan, avavṛtran, avahan; (avahat), avidan; (avidat), avindan;(avindat), avīvṛdhan, avocan, avratān, aśnan;, aśnuvan, aśman, aśrathnan, aśvān; (aśvāt), asadan;, asan;(asat), asinvan, asṛgran, astṝn, asthiran, asmān, asmin, asyān, asredhan, asvaran, ahan;, ahinvanāṅgūṣān, ādityān, āyan;, āran, ārdan, āsanicchan, invan, ibhyān, iyakṣan
ucchān, undan, uśan, uṣṭrān
ūrdhvān;, ūrmīn, ūrvān
ṛṇvan, ṛndhan, ṛṣīnetān, enāṁojīyān, oman
kanīyān, kasmin, kāmān, kṛṇvan, krandan, krīḻan, krīḻān
gacchan, gaman; (gamat), garanghoṣan, ghnan
cakran;, candrān, camasān, carkiran, cākan, cikitvān, cinvan

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jaganvān, jaghanvān, janayan, janān, janman, jaritṝn, javīyān, jānan, jigīvān, jighāṁsan, jīvān, jujurvān,jmantakṣan, tapan, tavīyān, tavyān, taṣṭān, tastabhānān, tasmin, tān;, tiran, tiṣṭhan; (tiṣṭhat), tuviṣmān, tūrvan,tman, tyān;, trātṝn
dan, dadhanvān,, dadhṛṣvān, dabhan; (dabhat), darīman, darśan;, daśasyan, dasyuhan;, dasyūn, dāman,diṣṭīn, duhīyan, devān, dyumnin, dyūn, druhan;dharman, dhānān, dhāman, dhārayan;nakṣan, namasvān, naśan; (naśat), niyutvān, nṝn, nemasminpaṇīn, patman, paptan, paprathan, parasmin, parvatān, paśūn, paśyan, pāpatan, piṇḍān, pitṝṇ, pinvan,putrān, pūṣan, prapathin, prayan, pruṣāyan
brahmanbharan;, bhāgān, bhuvan;, bhūvan, bhūṣan, bhrājan
matsarin, madin, manasvān, marutvān, marjayan, mahayan;, mahān, mahin, mādayan, mān;, mitrerūn,
minan, mūrdhanyaṁsan; (yaṁsat), yakṣan, yajīyān, yādṛśmin, yan; (yat;), -yan; (yat;), yaman;, yasmin, yājān, yānān,yāman;, yucchan, yuyutsan, yuṣmān, yūn
randhayan, rājan;, rīraman, rujan, rebhan;, revān, rohan
vajrin, van;, vanvan, vardhān; (vardhāt), varṣayan, varṣman, vājān, vājin, -vān;, viñcan, vidvān,virukmān, -viśan, viśvān;, vīrān, vṛtrahan;, vṛṣan, venan, veśayan, vratān, vrādhan
śaṁsan, śatrūn, śardhan;, śarman, śikṣan, śuṣmin, śṛṇvan, śeṣan, ścamnan, śreyānsatvan, sadman, san; (-sat), saparyan, sarasvān, sariṣyan, sarvān, sahan;, sahāvān, sahīyān, sahvān,sādhan, sāman, siñcan, sindhūn, sīdan; (sīdat), sīvyan, sunvan, suvan, sūrīn, sedhan, stabhāyan, stotṝn,stomān, sthātṝn, sphūrjayan, svanayan
han, haryan, haviṣmān

List Tapara
Explanation of symbols:; with restricting conditions (accent, previous word, following word, exceptions)( ) word mentioned in Naparaakṛṇot, aṅgirasvat, acikradat, ajanat, ajuṣat, ajohavīt, at, atṛṇat, adhārayat, anamat, anyat, abhrāt,amuñcat, aradat, aruhat (aruhan;), avadhīt, avahat (avahan;), avidat (avidan;), avidhat, avindat(avindan;), avīt, aśvāt (aśvān;), asat (asan;), asadat, asṛjat, astabhnāt, astṛṇāt, asthāt, asmat, asvadayat,asvāpayat

24āt, āvat, āvīt, āsīt, āsyat
it, iyātut
ainotkat;, kanikradat, kapṛt, karat;, kuvit, kṛṇavat
khyat
gamat (gaman;)ghṛṇātcit
jit, jujoṣat
tat;, tandrat, tamat;, tasmāt, tiṣṭhat (tiṣṭhan;), tyat;, tvat;
dadat, dabhat (dabhan;), darṣat, davidyutat, dāśāt, didyut, dyutdhakṣatnayat, naśat (naśan;), nānadat, neṣat
paramāt, parṣat, paścāt, paścātāt, pārśvāt, pibat
bṛhatbhasat, bhinat, bhuvatmat;, mardhiṣat, mityaṁsat (yaṁsan;), yat; (yan;), yasmāt, yāt, yāvat, yoṣat
rāmayat, revatvat, vardhāt (vardhān;), -vit, vidat;, viśvasmātśakat, śramat, śrut-sat (san;), sāviṣat, sāsahyāt, simasmāt, sīdat (sīdan;), smat, syāt, svit
huvat

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References
The transliterated texts of Napara and Tapara are based on:
Preservation Techniques of the Ṛgveda Chanting of Kerala, Editors: C.M. Neelakandhan,
K.A. Ravindram, 2010, pp. 62-67 (Tāṇṭam, Paṭṭarutāṇṭam, Naparam, Taparam)
Some Special Textual and Ritual Methods for Preserving the Skill of Ṛgvedic Recitation in Kerala, C.M.
Neelkandhan, in “Studies on the Śikṣā-s and the Prātiśākhya-s”, Editor: Bh. Pataskar, 2010, pp. 332-333
Aithal, K.Parameswara, Veda-Lakṣaṇa: Vedic Ancillary Literature: A Descriptive Bibliography, Motilal
Banarsidass: Delhi, 1993, No. 737 (Natānta-padāni or Napara(-lakṣaṇa), No. 644 Tapara(-prakaraṇa)Ṛgveda-Saṁhitā and Padapāṭha: http://www.detlef108.de/Rigveda.htm
http://www.detlef108.de/RV-with-Padapatha-T-NA-UTF8.html
Ṛgveda-Prātiśākhya: https://sites.google.com/view/rv-pratishakhya
The Rgveda Pratisakhya Vol III (1937/00/00) - English translationŚikṣās and Vedalakṣaṇa texts:
http://vedicreserve.mum.edu/shiksha/shiksha_vedicreserve.html
https://sites.google.com/view/vedalakshanahttps://sites.google.com/view/vedalakshana/links
Last updated by Detlef Eichler : 25 April 2021

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