Hiatus in the Interior of Words in the Ṛgveda Saṁhitā (87)
The following text consisting of 13 sūtras enumerates all words of the Ṛgveda Saṁhitā whichcontain an internal hiatus (aā, aï, aü, aū, aṛ, ae, āa, āṛ, ea, oa, oṛ, and oo).

अथ ऋग्वेदसंहितापदमध्यहववृत्तयः ॥१॥
atha ṛgvedasaṁhitā-pada-madhya-vivṛttayaḥ
Now the cases of hiatus (vivṛtti) in the interior of words (pada) of the Ṛgveda-Saṁhitā.
Note: Here pada includes compound words in which the parts of the compound are combined by sandhi rules.

Hiatus aā (3)ुदूरआहदशं दूरआध ः सम्नआहपः॥२॥dūraādiśam, dūraādhīḥ, sumnaāpiḥdūre-ādiśam, dūre-ādhīḥ, sumne-āpiḥ
1.139.10dj/g&/_ma Ë/rAa?idz/< ðaek/mÔe/rx/ Tmna?,6.009.06c

iv me/ mn?írit Ë/rAa?xI/> ik< iSv?Ö/úyaim/ ikmu/ nU m?in:ye.

10.095.06a

ya su?jU/i[R> ïei[?> su/çAa?ipÿR/dec?]/nu R ¢/iNwnI? cr/{yu>,Hiatus aï (5)पश्वइहिववस्यइिये ॥३॥paśvaïṣṭiḥ, vasyaïṣṭaye (4)paśvaḥ-iṣṭiḥ, vasyaḥ-iṣṭaye
1.025.04apra/ ih me/ ivm?Nyv/> pt?iNt/ vSy?#òye,

1.176.01amiTs? nae/ vSy?#òy/ #NÔ?imNdae/ v&;a iv?z,1.180.04c

tÖa?< nraviñna/ pñ?#òI/ rWye?v c/³a àit? yiNt/ mXv?>.

8.086.03ayu/v< ih :ma? puéÉujm
e/ me?x/tu< iv?:[a/Pve? d/dwu/vRSy?#òye,8.086.02ak/wa nU/n< va/< ivm?na/ %p? Stv*u/v< ixy?< ddwu/vRSy?#òye,1

Hiatus aü (11)्उक्थउक्थ उषउषहितउना दूरउपब्दो नमउहिहिन वमउहिं प्रउगं हिरण्यप्रउगम ॥४॥ukthaükthe (2), uṣaüṣaḥ, titaünā, dūraüpabdaḥ, namaüktibhiḥ, namaüktim (3), praügam,hiraṇyapraügam
uktha-ukthe, uṣaḥ-uṣaḥ, titaünā, dūre-upabdaḥ, namaükti-bhiḥ, namaḥ-uktim, praügam,hiraṇya-praügam
1.035.05aiv jna?ÁD(a/va> iz?it/padae? AOy/Üw/< ihr?{yà%g/< vh?Nt>,

1.189.01c

yu/yae/Xy1/?Sm¾u?÷ra/[menae/ ÉUiy?óa< te/ nm?%i´< ivxem.

3.014.02a

Aya?im te/ nm?%i´< ju;Sv/ \ta?v/Stu_y/< cet?te shSv>,

5.043.09a

à tVy?sae/ nm?%i´< tu/rSya/h< pU/:[ %/t va/yaer?idi],

7.021.02c

Nyu? iæyNte y/zsae? g&/Éada Ë/r%?pBdae/ v&;?[ae n&/;ac?>.

7.026.02a%/Kw%?Kwe/e saem/ #NÔ?< mmad nI/wenI?we m/"va?n< su/tas?>,8.004.06c

pu/Ç< àa?v/g¡ k«?[ute su/vIyeR? da/îaeit/ nm?%i´iÉ>.

10.008.04a%/;%?;ae/ ih v?sae/ A¢/mei;/ Tv< y/myae?rÉvae iv/Éava?,

10.045.10a

Aa t< É?j saEïv/s:e v?¶ %/Kw%?Kw/ Aa É?j z/Syma?ne,10.071.02as´…?imv/ itt?%na pu/nNtae/ yÇ/ xIra/ mn?sa/ vac/m³?t,

10.130.03c

DNd/> ikma?sI/Tà%?g/< ikmu/Kw< yÎe/va de/vmy?jNt/ ivñe?.

Hiatus aū (8)इतऊत तऊहतहरतऊत सद्यऊतयः ॥५॥itaūti (3), itaūtiḥ (2), itaūtī, sadyaūtayaḥ (2)itaḥ-ūti, itaḥ-ūtiḥ, itaūtī itītaḥ-ūtī, sadyaḥ-ūtayaḥ2

1.146.02a%/]a m/ha~ A/iÉ v?v] @ne A/jr?StSwaiv/t^?it\R/:v>,

1.151.09a

re/vÖyae? dxawe re/vda?zawe/ nra? ma/yaiÉ?ir/t^?it/ maih?nm!,5.054.15atÖae? yaim/ Ôiv?[< s*^tyae/ yena/ Sv1/?[R t/tna?m/ n¨~r/iÉ,

7.068.06c

Aix/ yÖpR? #/t^?it x/Tw>.

9.074.03c$ze/ yae v&/òeir/t %/iöyae/ v&;a/pa< ne/ta y #/t^?it\R/iGmy?>.

10.031.07cs/t< /Swa/ne A/jre? #/t^?tI/ Aha?in pU/vIRé/;sae? jrNt.

10.061.02c

tUvR?ya[ae gU/tRvc? Stm/> ]aedae/ n ret? #/t^?it isÂt!.

10.078.02a

A/i¶nR ye æaj?sa é/Kmv?]sae/ vata?sae/ n Sv/yuj>? s/*^?ty>,

Hiatus aṛ (4)्मनऋङ्गा श्रतु ऋहषं सप्तऋषयः सप्तऋष न ॥६॥manaṛṅgā, śrutaṛṣim, saptaṛṣayaḥ, saptaṛṣīn
manaḥ-ṛṅgā, śruta-ṛṣim, sapta-ṛṣayaḥ, sapta-ṛṣīn
10.047.03cïut
/ \?i;mu/¢m?iÉmait/;ah?m/Sm_y?< ic/Ç< v&;[? < r/iy< da?>.

10.082.02c

te;a?im/òain/ sim/;a m?diNt/ yÇa? sÝ\/;INp/r @k?ma/÷>.

10.106.08c

p/t/rev? cc/ra c/NÔin?i[R/'œmn?\¼a mn/Nya/3/? n jGmI?.

10.109.04a

de/va @/tSya?mvdNt/ pUveR? sÝ\/;y/Stp?se/ ye in?;/eÊ>,Hiatus ae (13)ुएकएकः परएताश्रवएषे ॥७॥
ekaekaḥ (2), puraetā (9), śravaeṣe (2)ekaḥ-ekaḥ, puraḥ-etā (8), puraetā-iva (1), śravaḥ-eṣe
1.076.02a@ý?¶ #/h haeta/ in ;I/dad?Bx/> su pu?r@/ta É?va n>,33.011.05a

Ada?_y> pur@/ta iv/zam/i¶maRnu?;I[am!,3.029.15c*uç/ v/Ó+ü? k…iz/kas/ @ir?r/ @k?@kae/ dme? A/i¶< smI?ixre.

5.046.01c

naSya? viZm iv/muc/< nav&t/< pun?ivR/ÖaNp/w> pu?r@/t \/ju ne?;it.

5.061.01ake óa? nr/> ïeó?tma/ y @k?@k Aay/y,

5.066.05at†/t< p&?iwiv b&/hCÀ?v@/; \;I?[am!,6.021.12as nae? baeix pur@/ta su/ge;U/t Ê/geR;u? piw/k«iÖda?n>,6.047.07a#NÔ/ à [?> pur@/tev? pZy/ à nae? ny àt/r< vSyae/ ACD?,

7.033.06c

AÉ?v½ pur@/ta vis?ó/ AaidÄ&TsU?na/< ivzae? AàwNt.

7.041.05ct< Tva? Ég/ svR/ #¾ae?hvIit/ s nae? Ég pur@/ta É?ve/h.

9.087.03a\i;/ivRà?> pur@/ta jna?nam&/ÉuxIRr? %/zna/ kaVye?n,9.097.29c#Ndae? s/inÇ?< id/v Aa p?vSv pur@/tais? mh/tae xn?Sy.

Hiatus āa (1)अस्माअस्म ै ॥८॥asmāasmai
asmai-asmai
6.042.04a

A/SmaA?Sma/ #dNx/sae=Xv?yaeR/ à É?ra sut/ m!,

Hiatus āṛ (4)्िाऋज को िाऋज कम ॥९॥bhāṛjīkaḥ (2), bhāṛjīkam (2)bhāḥ-ṛjīkaḥ (2), bhāḥ-ṛjīkam (2)1.044.03c

xU/mke?tu/< Éa\?jIk/< Vyu?iò;u y/}ana?mXvr/iïy?m!.

4

3.001.12aA/³ae n b/iæ> s?im/we m/hIna?< id†/]ey?> sU/nve/ Éa\?jIk>,

3.001.14ab&/hNt/ #Ña/nvae/ Éa\?jIkm/i¶< s?cNt iv/*t
u ae/ n zu/³a>,10.012.02c

xU/mke?tu> s/imxa/ Éa\?jIkae m/NÔae haeta/ inTyae? va/ca yjI?yan!.

Hiatus ea (6)आरेअघा आरेअघामारेअवद्यो दूरेअन्ते दूरेअथःव ॥१॰॥āreaghāḥ, āreaghām, āreavadyaḥ, dūreante (2), dūrearthaḥ
āre-aghāḥ, āre-aghām, āre-avadyaḥ, dūreante iti dūre-ante, dūre-arthaḥ
1.185.07a%/vIR p&/WvI b?÷/le Ë/reAN? te/ %p? äuve/ nm?sa y/}e A/iSmn!,

3.054.07as/ma/Nya ivyu?te Ë/reAN? te Øu/ve p/de t?SwtujaRg/êke?,6.001.12c

pU/vIRir;ae? b&h/tIra/reA"? a A/Sme É/Ôa saE?ïv/sain? sNtu.

7.063.04a

id/vae é/Km %?é/c]a/ %de?it Ë/reAw? RSt/ri[/æaRj?man>,

6.056.06a

Aa te? Sv/iStmI?mh Aa/reA"? a/mupa?vsum!,10.099.05as é/ÔeiÉ/rz?Stvar/ \_va? ih/TvI gy?ma/reAv? */ Aaga?t!,

Hiatus oa (28)्अधोअक्ाः खादोअर्ाव गोअग्रया गोअग्रा गोअग्रान गोअग्रांगोअजनासो गोअर्वसो गोअर्वस ं गोअर्वसा्
गोअर्वहस हतरोअह्न्यं प वोअन्नान प् वोअश्वा हमथोअवद्यपेहिः सद्योअथमव ॥११॥adhoakṣāḥ, khādoarṇāḥ, goagrayā (2), goagrāḥ (3), goagrān, goagrām (2), goajanāsaḥ,goarṇasaḥ, goarṇasam, goarṇasā, goarṇasi, tiroahnyam (9), pīvoannān, pīvoaśvāḥ,mithoavadyapebhiḥ, sadyoarthamadhaḥ-akṣāḥ, khādaḥ-arṇāḥ, go-agrayā, go-agrāḥ, go-agrān, go-agrām, go-ajanāsaḥ, go-arṇasaḥ,go-arṇasam, go-arṇasā, go-arṇasi, tiraḥ-ahnyam, pīvaḥ-annān, pīvaḥ-aśvāḥ, mithaḥavadyapebhiḥ, sadyaḥ-artham51.045.10c

A/y< saem?> sudanv/St< pa?t it/raeA?û(m!.

1.047.01c

tm?iñna ipbt< it/raeAû? (< x/Ä< rÆa?in da/zu;?.
e1.053.05cs< de/Vya àm?Tya vI/rzu?:mya/ gaeA¢? /yaña?vTya rÉemih.

1.060.01aviû?< y/zs?< iv/dw?Sy ke/tu< suà? a/Vy?< Ë/t< s/*aeAw? Rm!,

1.090.05a%/t nae/ ixyae/ gaeA¢? a/> pU;/iNv:[/vev?yav>,

1.092.07c

à/jav?tae n&/vtae/ Añ?buXya/nu;ae/ gaeA¢? a/~ %p? mais/ vaja?n!.

1.112.18a

yaiÉ?ri¼rae/ mn?sa inr/{ywae=¢/< gCD?wae ivv/re gaeA[? Rs>,

1.169.08a

Tv< mane?_y #NÔ iv/ñj?Nya/ rda? m/éiÑ?> zu/éxae/ gaeA¢? a>,2.001.16aye Stae/t&_yae/ gaeA¢? a/mñ?pz
e s/m¶e? ra/itmu?ps&/jiNt? sU/ry?>,

2.002.13aye Stae/t&_yae/ gaeA?¢a/mñ?pz
e s/m¶e? ra/itmu?ps&/jiNt? sU/ry?>,

2.034.12c%/;a n ra/mIr?é/[Erpae?[uRte m/hae Jyaeit?;a zuc/ta gaeA[? Rsa.

3.028.03aA¶e? vI/ih pu?rae/¦az/ma÷?t< it/raeAû
? (m!,

3.028.06c

ju/;Sv? it/raeAû
? (m!.

3.033.09cin ;U n?mXv/< Év?ta supa/ra A?xaeA/]a> is?Nxv> öae/TyaiÉ?>.

3.058.07c

nas?Tya it/raeAû
? (< ju;a/[a saem?< ipbtm/iöxa? sudanU.

4.037.04a

pIvae?Aña> zu/cÔ?wa/ ih ÉU/tay?>izàa vaijn> suin/:ka>,

5.045.02c

xNv?[Rsae n/*1/>? oadae?A[aR/ SwU[e?v/ suim?ta †<ht/ *aE>.

6.039.01c

Apa? n/StSy? sc/nSy? de/ve;ae? yuvSv g&[/te gaeA¢? a>.

7.033.06ad/{fa #/veÌae/Aj?nas Aas/Npir?iCDÚa Ér/ta A?ÉR/kas?>,7.091.03a

pIvae?AÚa~ riy/v&x?> sume/xa> ñe/t> is?;i´ in/yuta?miÉ/ïI>,8.035.19cs/jae;?sa %/;sa/ sUye[R? / caiñ?na it/raeAû
? (m!.

8.035.20cs/jae;?sa %/;sa/ sUye[R? / caiñ?na it/raeAû
? (m!.

8.035.21cs/jae;?sa %/;sa/ sUye[R? / caiñ?na it/raeAû
? (m!.
69.071.08c

A/Psa ya?it Sv/xya/ dEVy/< jn/< s< suò? /tu I ns?te/ s< gaeA?¢ya.

10.038.02as n?> ]um/ Nt/< sd?ne/ VyU[? uRih/ gaeA?[Rs< r/iyim?NÔ ï/vaYy?m!,10.067.08c

b&h/Spit?imR/waeAv? *peiÉ/éÊ/iöya? As&jt Sv/yuiGÉ?>.

10.076.03c

gaeA[? Ris Tva/òe+ Añ?ini[Rij/ àem?Xv/re:v?Xv/ra~ A?izïyu>.

10.099.06c

A/Sy iÇ/tae Nvaej?sa v&xa/nae iv/pa v?ra/hmyae?A¢ya hn!.

Hiatus oṛ (3)गोऋज कं गोऋज का ॥१२॥goṛjīkam (2), goṛjīkāgo-ṛjīkam, go-ṛjīkā
3.058.04c#/ma ih va/< gae\?jIka/ mxU?in/ à im/Çasae/ n d/Êé/öae A¢e?.

6.023.07as nae? baeix purae/¦az/< rra?[/> ipba/ tu saem/< gae\?jIkimNÔ,7.021.01a

Asa?iv de/v< gae\?jIk/mNxae/ Ny?iSm/iÚNÔae? j/nu;?me uvaec,

Hiatus oo (1)गोओपशा ॥१३ ॥goopaśā
go-opaśā
6.053.09aya te/ Aò+a/ gaeAaep? z/ a"&?[e pzu/sax?nI,

Appendix 1: Hiatus - RV-Prātiśākhya
apratyāmnāye padavac ca padyān ||1.61||
In the absence of a statement to the contrary, (one should treat) the parts of a compound as words.
saṁhitā padaprakṛtiḥ ||2.1 ||7Saṁhitā has the words (pada) as its source (prakṛti).

padāntān padādibhiḥ saṁdadhadeti yatsā kālāvyavāyena ||2.2 ||(It is called Samhitā) because, while combining the finals to the initials of words, it proceeds
without any interval of time (pause).
svarāntaraṁ tu vivṛttiḥ ||2.3 ||The interval, however, between two vowels, is called hiatus (vivṛtti).
sā vā svarabhaktikālā ||2.4 ||That (hiatus) has optionally the duration of a 'vowel-part' (svarabhakti).
puraetā titaünā praügaṁ namaüktibhiḥ | antaḥpadaṁ vivṛttayaḥ ||2.13 ||Puraetā, titaünā, praügam and namaüktibhiḥ - (these) are (the four cases of ) hiatus in the interiorof words.
Note: In the case of compounds antaḥpadam refers to the interior of the parts of the compound (see 1.61):
puraetā-iva (6.47.7); hiraṇya-praügam (1.35.5); namaükti-bhiḥ (8.4.6)

ato 'nyāḥ padasaṁdhiṣu ||2.14 ||Cases of hiatus, other than these, (occur) in the (external) combinations of words.
yato dīrghas tato dīrghā vivṛttayaḥ ||2.79||
Where there is (at least) a long vowel the hiatuses are long.

dviṣaṁdhayas tūbhayataḥ svarasvarāḥ ||2.80||
Those hiatuses, in which there is an vowel on both sides of an (intermediate) vowel, are technicallycalled dvi-ṣaṁdhis.
prācyapañcāla upadhānibhodayāḥ śākalyasya sthavirasya ||2.81||
According to the old Śākalya (the hiatuses) in the Prācya and Pañcāla (Padavṛttis) have theirfollowing vowels resembling their preceding ones.
itaro sthitiḥ ||2.82||(But) the settled practice is otherwise.

Appendix 2: Hiatus - Śaiśirīyaśikṣā
ākāśasthā yathā vidyutsphaṭike maṇisūtravat |eṣa chedo vivṛttīnāṁ yathāmātravicakṣaṇaḥ ||vatsānusṛtārdhamātrā tathā vatsānusāriṇī |pākavaty ubhayor hrasvā dīrghamadhyā pipīlikā ||pra va eko 'rvāñco adyarathaṁ hiraṇyapraügam |dhṛtavratā ādityāś caitat tatra nidarśanam ||8pra | vaḥ | ekaḥ | => pra va ekaḥ (2.29.5) (vatsānusṛtā)arvāñcaḥ | adya | => arvāñco adya (2.29.6) (vatsānusāriṇī)ratham | hiraṇya-praügam | => rathaṁ hiraṇyapraügam (1.35.5) (pākavatī)dhṛta-vratāḥ | ādityāḥ | => dhṛtavratā ādityāḥ (2.29.1) (pipīlikā)
Four kinds of hiatus: vatsānusṛtā (½ mātrā) , vatsānusāriṇī (½), pākavatī (½), pipīlikā (½).
vatsānusṛtā: a ā, aā, a ī, a ū, aū, a e, ae, a ai, a o, a au, u ā, u ī, u ū, u e; vatsānusāriṇī: ā a, āa, ā i, ā u, ā ṛ, āṛ,ī a, ī i, ī u, ī ṛ, ū a, ū i, ū u, ū ṛ, e a, ea, e i, e u, e ṛ, o a, oa, oṛ, o i, o u; pākavatī: a a, a i, aï, a u, aü, aṛ, a ṛ, ua; pipīlikā: ā ā, ā ī, ā ū, ā e, ā ai, ā o, ī ā, ī e, ī o, ū ā, ū au, e ā, e ū, e e, e o, o ā, o ū, o e, oo

Final Notes / References
1. Total cases of hiatus in the interior of words: 87.
2. Hiatus ai and au are shown as aï and aü.
3. Ṛgveda-Saṁhitā and Padapāṭha:http://www.detlef108.de/Rigveda.htm
4. Ṛgveda- Prātiśākhya:
https://sites.google.com/view/rv-pratishakhya
The Rgveda Pratisakhya Vol III (1937/00/00) - English translation
5. Śaiśirīyaśikṣā:http://peterffreund.com/shiksha/shaishiriya_shiksha.html
6. Śikṣās and Vedalakṣaṇa texts:
Aithal, K.Parameswara, Veda-Lakṣaṇa: Vedic Ancillary Literature: A Descriptive Bibliography, Motilal Banarsidass:
Delhi, 1993

http://vedicreserve.mum.edu/shiksha/shiksha_vedicreserve.html
https://sites.google.com/view/vedalakshanahttps://sites.google.com/view/vedalakshana/links

7. Last update by Detlef Eichler 29 January 2021

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