ID
Name
Title
Supervisor

150019Mikimasa ABE
The state of sports in junior high school and high school: Japan
can study from the elite sports country the UK
Prof. Chihiro KATO
Summary

The purpose of this thesis is to examine a better system or form of treating sports
in Japanese junior high and high school. In Japan, school sports club activity is one of
the most serious problems. To solve them, I indicate the new system of sports club
activity in school. As the model of this problem, I surveyed the sports condition of theUK. The UK is one of the senior sports nations in the world. In this thesis statement, I
showed new systems which should be introduced in Japanese school compared toBritish one.
First, I made clear what sports are. Next, I studied about the conditions between
school and sports comparing Japan and the UK, and I considered whether one Britishsystem “school sports coordinator system” can be the model of Japanese school sports
club activity programs. Finally, I suggested the Japanese school sports coordinatorsystem.
I investigated the Japanese school sports club activity system. As a result, I
found that the British sports system for children cannot be used in Japan because there
is no environment like the British community sports clubs in Japan. Also, there is no
relationship with community sports clubs. Thus, I proposed that Japan sports agency(JSA) creates a system which is linked between schools and community sports clubs.
And many sports matches are competition between school units in Japan now, but thesystem needs to change. Therefore I suggested setting a place which can hold matches
between school sports activity’s teams and community sports club’s teams.
In this thesis, I concluded that Japanese sports common knowledge in school isincorrect compared to the UK. Thus I considered about the Japanese original idea
related to sports called Bushi-do. I pointed out that popular sports like soccer or baseball
were derived from Western cultures but many Japanese culture were mixed in Bushi-do.
Therefore in this paper, I concluded that it is important to change Japanese sports senseof value by the systems I suggested. This thesis is significant in that it shows a new
method to improve Japanese youth sports from the British one.
Keywords: sports, Japan, UK, youth, school225IDNameTitleSupervisor

150127
Genki OKI
What is the Standard Pronunciation in the U.K.:
The New Possibility of Estuary English as the StandardPronunciation
Prof. Chihiro KATO
Summary

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the new possibility of the standard
Pronunciation in the U.K.. Many people regard Received Pronunciation (RP) as theBritish standard pronunciation, but now few people in the U.K. speak RP, therefore
some people doubt that RP is a standard Pronunciation.
First, I made clear what the present situation of RP is and considered the reason
why few people speak RP is connected to the present social conditions in the U.K. Next,
I studied social mobility in the U.K. which means movement to other hierarchicalgroups and understood that British people came to become more equal than in the past.
Finally, I made clear the feature of Estuary English (EE) which is one of the dialects inthe U.K.
As a result, I found that EE had the possibility for the British standard
pronunciation in that EE is classless. Now British people come to be more equal. RP
surely has great power for the top status of the British hierarchical system, therefore
people will feel “Hierarchy” when they hear someone speaking RP. On the contrary
people won’t feel “Hierarchy” when hearing EE because the pronunciation of EE is a
mixture of the nobility usage and the working class usage. Thus, I considered that EE
had the possibility of becoming the British standard pronunciation in that EE isclassless.
In this thesis, I observed EE’s possibility of becoming the British standard
pronunciation. Considering that EE includes both the nobility usage and the working
class usage, it can be said that EE hides the “Hierarchy” of speakers, therefore EE is suitfor the present British society which is coming to be more equal, and I concluded thatEE had the possibility of becoming the British standard pronunciation. The significanceis that I considered whether EE has the possibility for becoming the British standard
pronunciation from characteristic point and geographic point.
Keywords: British standard Pronunciation, Estuary English, Received Pronunciation,Hierarchy
226

ID
Name
Title
Supervisor

150167
Shiori ONO
Importance of gender equality education in primary school:
Compared to the UKProf. Chihiro KATO
Summary

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the improvement of gender education
conducted in a primary school in Japan. One of the most serious issues in Japan is the“gender gap.” According to the World Economic Forum survey (2018), Japan wasplaced at 110th out of 149 countries in the ranking of global gender equality. As ameasure to eliminate the gendered division of labor, which is a major factor of thegender gap, I suggested the importance of education in primary school.
First, I defined “gender” and revealed how gender is formed through the processof socialization. Next, I analyzed how gender stereotypes rooted in Japan wereestablished through history and investigated what the gender education being conducted
at elementary schools in Japan now. Finally, I analyzed the curriculum of gendereducation currently being conducted in the UK and found improvement points for more
effective gender education.
Gender is formed at an early stage after birth by the behavior of the surrounding
adults. And I found it is necessary for gender education to improve the gender view ofchildren which has been “already” formed. Japan has little guidance policies andmaterials for gender education. I focused on the British gender education to comparewith Japan because the UK is more gender equal than Japan. I revealed that teachers
teach children the fact that stereotypes are unconsciously formed in the process ofassociation with others. I found that the UK places importance to improve alreadyformed gender stereotypes. To promote this method of education, teachers ask children
to consider gender stereotypes found in their daily behaviors.
In this paper, I concluded to conduct gender education, it is effective that teachers
teach children the process of forming stereotype, exemplifying from their unconscious
acts in daily lives. I also suggested that it is appropriate to conduct this learning in the3rd and 4th grade of elementary school. This thesis is significant in that I find a new
approach for gender education.
Keywords: gender education, stereotype, Japan, UK, equality

227

ID
Name
Title

150321
Assei SANZEN
Tartans and Cultural Prosperity:
Globalization and Traditional Crafts

Supervisor

Prof. Chihiro KATO
Summary

The purpose of this thesis is to find some clues to protect traditional Japaneseculture from imported cultures. In Japan, cultural declination is occurring which is oneof the social problems. To solve it, I showed the reasons for tartans’ prosperity all overthe world. Tartans tended to disappear through cultural conflict between England andScotland. Scottish were prohibited to use tartans in 1746. The prohibition span lasted
until 1782, but tartans revived again in 1822 when King George IV visited to Scotland.
The tartans’ case of global prosperity can be considered an example of overcoming
declination caused by cultural conflicts.

First, I made clear the characteristics of tartans and defined the meaning of tartans
in this thesis. Next, I studied about the reasons why tartans have spread all over theworld. Finally, I examined the Japanese traditional crafts’ way to prosper and especially
focused on the kimono and other traditional Japanese patterns.
I investigated about tartans. As a result, I found that tartans are one of the Scottish
traditional cultures and they have some rules when weaving them. Thus I accepted thetartans’ definition as patterns. Moreover I discovered four reasons for tartans’ diffusion.
Those were regional characteristics, romanticism, change of traditions and aspect offashion. In this thesis, I compared tartans with Japanese traditional crafts and cameacross some hints to protect those crafts. I indicated that it is difficult for kimono toprosper as clothes but there were some possibilities. If Japanese traditional crafts change
their tradition or kimonos are recognized as eco-products similar to the relationshipbetween tartans and romanticism, they can find other demands.
Therefore in this paper, I concluded that it is important for Japanese traditional
craft or kimono to convert their traditions and to discover other demands. This thesis issignificant in that it searched out clues to protect and globalize Japanese traditional
crafts by analyzing tartans, which are considered as just patterns of clothes.
Keywords: Scottish Tartans, Traditional Cultures, Traditional Japanese Crafts,
Globalization
228

ID
NameTitle

150398
Kohei TAKANO
Dialect as an Indicator of Social Class in the UK:
Cockney in Pygmalion by George Bernard ShawSupervisor

Prof. Chihiro KATO
Summary

The purpose of this thesis is to discover the significance of the relationshipbetween British dialects and the social class in Britain more clearly. British dialects areslightly different from those in other countries in that the social class is regarded as oneof the social variables of dialects. Thus in this thesis, I explored the role of British
dialects as an indicator in the readers’ judgment of the characters’ class, based on theanalysis of the dialects in Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw, in particular Cockney
spoken by the heroine Eliza.
First, I clarified the relationship between the British social classes and dialects inBritain, based on the description of them. Second, I revealed the specificity of Cockney,
which appears in Pygmalion, considering the reasons why it still survives as one of thedialects symbolizing the British working class, from the linguistic aspect and thecultural aspect. Finally, I analysed Pygmalion, and examined the effects of mainly
Cockney as an indicator of British social class in the book, on the basis of what I wrote
in previous sections.
In Pygmalion, we can see mainly two contrastive descriptions of its characters.
One is the mental contrast between Eliza and Higgins, working effectively to make thereaders understand that people in higher class or position are not necessarily happy. The
other is the contrast from the perspective of gender between Eliza and her father
Doolittle, both of whom transcend their class, indicating that working class women tend
to have their social upward mobility in addition to their pride.
In conclusion, I verified that Shaw combined Cockney as class dialect and aheroine with strong self-reliance to attempt to effectively alert the readers to the fallacyof the class supremacy to which British people at the beginning of the 20th century
tended to adhere. This thesis is significant in that I analysed the features of Cockney asa class dialect from the perspective of Japanese who is not familiar with the social class,about 100 years after the publication of Pygmalion.
Keywords: Social Class, Dialects, Cockney, Pygmalion, George Bernard Shaw
229

ID
Name
Title
Supervisor

150548Nana HAYAMURA
Problems of English Education in Elementary School in Japan:
From the Perspective of Finnish English Education andIntrinsic Motivation
Prof. Chihiro KATO
Summary

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the problems of English education inelementary school in Japan and to show the solutions for the future. For the mandatory
English education starting 2020 and after, this thesis reveals suggestions for improving
it from the viewpoint of Finnish English education and intrinsic motivation.
First, I considered the problems of English education in elementary school inJapan. Second, focusing on problems of teachers and children, I discovered the remedy
for these problems by analyzing the Finnish education system about teachers andintrinsic motivation in children. Finally, I explained how these problems can be solved
for the future.
I found that the problems of teachers in elementary school are their low English
abilities and a lack of educational awareness. Thus, I focused on Finnish English
education because Finland has one of the best education systems in the world. Though
Japan cannot adopt the Finnish system, the importance of training current teachers andEnglish as a required subject in teacher training courses in Japanese universities can beimplemented. After defining “intrinsic motivation” which is important and children
should self-assess and set goals and I clarified that this increases children’s learning
motivations, Thus, English becoming a required subject in elementary school with tests,
will not decrease children’s learning motivation by using their self-assessments.
In this paper I verified that it is necessary to reexamine the training of teachers togain English skills and leadership abilities. Also I concluded that children’s willingness
to learn can be motivated by incorporating intrinsic motivation. Therefore, thesignificance of this thesis is to show the remedy for the problems of the current and thefuture of English education in elementary school in Japan. The more teacher’s skills
improve, the more children’s motivation would be increase.
Keywords: English education problems, elementary school, intrinsic motivation, Japan,Finland230