⺰  ᢥ㕖ࡄ࡜ࡔ࠻࡝࠶ࠢߥ৻⥸ᑄ᫈‛ಣℂ੐ᬺ⚵วߩല₸ᕈಽᨆߣߘߩ⚻ᷣቇ⊛ၮ␆ᩮ ᧄ ੑ ㇢*ฬฎደᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ᝼

የ 㑐 ᷕ ຦**ฬฎደᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻⺖⒟㧝㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ ⴕ᡽ߦࠃࠆ੐ᬺߪᏒ႐ߢߩ⹏ଔࠍฃߌߥ޿ߚ߼㧘․೎ߥ೙ᐲ⊛Ꮏᄦߩߥ޿㒢ࠅല₸ൻࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉࠍ
ᜬߚߥ޿‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬႐ว㧘․ቯߩᚑᨐᜰᮡߦߟ޿ߡᢙ୯⋡ᮡࠍឝߍ㧘ߘߩ⋡ᮡ㆐ᚑࠍ᧦ઙߣߒߚႎ㈽㧔޽ࠆ޿ߪᧂ㆐ᚑᤨߩࡍ࠽࡞࠹ࠖ࡯㧕ߦࠃߞߡല₸ൻࠍଦㅴߔࠆ⹜ߺ߇ߒ߫ߒ߫⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ߦߜ⋥ߢߎߘޕ‬໧㗴ߣߥࠆߎߣߪ㧘ᚑᨐᜰᮡߩㆬᛯߣ⋡ᮡߣߥࠆᢙ୯ߩ⸳ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬೨⠪ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ᚑᨐᜰᮡ߇੐ᬺߩ޽
ࠄࠁࠆ஥㕙ࠍ✂⟜ߒߥߌࠇ߫㧘ណ↪ߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ㗄⋡߇ήⷞߐࠇࠆߎߣߢ⚻༡⾗Ḯߩᛩ౉ߩ㈩ಽߦᱡߺ߇
↢ߓࠆ 1)‫ޕ‬ᓟ⠪ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ૐߔ߉ࠆ⋡ᮡߪචಽߥല₸ൻࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉࠍઃਈߢ߈ߕ㧘㜞ߔ߉ࠆ⋡ᮡߪ੐ᬺߩ⚻༡ߦᷙੂࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߢ޽ࠈ߁ 2)‫ޕ‬ ൮᜝⊛ߥᚑᨐᜰᮡࠍ╷ቯߔࠆߦߪ߹ߕ㧘੐ᬺో૕ࠍၮᧄ⊛ߥࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻߆ࠄᦨ⚳⊛ߥࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ࠍ↢↥ߔࠆㆊ⒟ߣߣࠄ߃㧘ᚲਈߩࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻߆ࠄ↢↥น⢻ߥᦨᄢߩࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ࠍ↢↥ࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕߣߒߡല
₸ൻ⋡ᮡߣߔࠆ‫⋥ࠄ߆࠲࡯࠺ߪࠕࠖ࠹ࡦࡠࡈ↥↢ޕ‬ធⷰኤߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿߇㧘ห⒳੐ᬺ૕㑆ߩᲧセߦࠃࠆ⋧ኻ⹏ଔ㧘ߔߥࠊߜࡌࡦ࠴ࡑ࡯ࠠࡦࠣߦࠃࠅ⏕ቯߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫߽ᦨޕ‬ല₸⊛ߥࡌࠬ࠻ࡊ࡜ࠢ࠹ࠖ
ࠬ੐ᬺ૕⟲ࠍ⷗಴ߒ㧘ߘࠇࠄ߇↢↥ࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕࠍᒛߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ࡢࡓ࡯࡟ࡈߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬࡯ࠢࠍ⸳ቯߔࠇ߫㧘ࡒࠢࡠ⚻ᷣቇߩၮᧄ⊛ߥ࠷࡯࡞ࠍታ㓙ߩല₸ᕈ⹏ଔ໧㗴ߦㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ࡒޕ‬ࠢࡠ⚻ᷣቇ⊛ߦߪ㧘ᛛⴚ⊛ߦታⴕน⢻ߥࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ߣࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߩ㓸วߪ↢↥น⢻㓸วߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩਛߢല₸⊛ߥ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠍਈ߃ࠆߩ߇↢↥㑐ᢙ㧔↢↥ࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘↢↥น⢻㓸วࠍ࠺࡯࠲߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߢ߈ࠇ߫㧘୘೎੐ᬺ૕ߩࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ߣࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ߩታ❣ࠍ↢↥ࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖ
ࠕ߆ࠄߩ〒㔌ߢ⹏ଔߒߡ㧘ല₸ൻ⋡ᮡࠍቯ߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ↢↥น⢻㓸วࠍ࠺࡯࠲߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ᦨㄭ⦟ߊ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚᣇᴺ߇࠺࡯࠲൮⛊ಽᨆ㧔Data Envelopment Analysis㧘એਅ DEA㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ઍᦧ⊛ߥᣇᴺߣߒߡ㧘⏕₸ࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ㑐ᢙߦࠃ* 1958 ᐕ↢߹ࠇ‫ޕ‬1980 ᐕฬฎደᄢත‫ޕ‬1985 ᐕฬฎደᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻⺖⒟㧔ᓟᦼ㧕ḩᦼขᓧㅌቇ‫ޕ‬ඳ჻㧔⚻ᷣቇ㧕‫ޕ‬ኾ㐷ߪ⸘㊂⚻ᷣቇ‫ޕ‬ᚲዻቇળߪᣣᧄ⚻ᷣቇળ㧘ᣣᧄ⛔⸘ቇળߥߤ‫ޕ‬** 1982 ᐕ↢߹ࠇ‫ޕ‬2005 ᐕฬฎደᄢቇ⚻ᷣቇㇱත‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ฬฎደᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻⺖⒟㧔೨ᦼ㧕࿷ቇਛ‫ޕ‬1) ߚߣ߃߫ᓥᬺຬ৻ੱ޽ߚࠅߩ↢↥ᕈߩߺࠍᜰᮡߣߔࠆߥࠄ㧘଻቞ੱຬߩ೥ᷫߦࠃࠅᯏ᪾᡿㓚߇Ⴧᄢߒߡୃ❲⾌↪ߥߤ߆߃ߞߡല₸ߩᖡൻࠍ᜗ߊ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬2) ኻ೨ᦼ৻ቯᲧ₸ߢᚑᨐᜰᮡࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆࠃ߁ߥᢙ୯⋡ᮡߩਅߢߪ㧘ᰴᐕᐲߩߚ߼ߦല₸ᡷༀ૛࿾ߣߒߡᗧ࿑⊛ߦ㕖ല₸ࠍ᷷ሽߔࠆ⺃ᒁࠍਈ߃ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧙㧙ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ No.34㧔2006.9㧕ࠆ⸘㊂⚻ᷣቇ⊛ߥᣇᴺࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠆ߇㧘⏕₸ࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕߪࠃࠅቇⴚ⊛ߥ⎇ⓥ⋡⊛ߢ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᄙߊ㧘ታ㓙ߩ੐ᬺ૕ߩല₸ᕈ⹏ଔ߳ߩㆡ↪੐଀ߣߒߡߪ DEA ߩᣇ߇ਥᵹߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈
㧘ᑄ᫈‛ಣℂ੐ᬺߦ㑐ߒߡ┻ౝ࡮
ࠆ 3)‫߇ࠊޕ‬࿖ߩⴕ᡽ߦ㑐ߔࠆಽᨆߢ߽㧘ᶖ㒐ߦ㑐ߒߡች⦟࡮⑔㊀㧔2003㧕⎽੗㧔2004㧕߅ࠃ߮Ꮉᧄ࡮੗᧛࡮᫪᧖㧔2005㧕
㧘࿾ᣇ⒢ᓽ෼ߦ㑐ߒߡ᪢᧛࡮ዊᎹ㧔2005㧕߇ᣢߦ޽ࠅ㧘
DEA ߦኻߔࠆ㑐ᔃ߇ᐢ߇ߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒ㧘DEA ߪࡒࠢࡠ⚻ᷣቇߩᮡḰ⊛ߥ೨ឭߣኒធߥ㑐ଥࠍᜬߜߟߟ߽㧘ߘࠇߣቢోߦᢛว⊛ߥࠊߌߢߪߥ޿‫⚻ࡠࠢࡒࠈߒ߻ޕ‬ᷣቇᧄ᧪ߩಽᨆᴺߣߒߡߪ㧘Varian㧔1984㧕ߦࠃࠅឭ᩺ߐࠇߚ㕖ࡄ࡜ࡔ࠻࡝࠶
ࠢߥ↢↥ಽᨆᴺ㧔Nonparametric Production Analysis㧘એਅ NPA㧕߇޽ࠅ㧘ߎࠇࠍෳᾖߒߡ DEA ߩ⚻ᷣቇ⊛ߥၮ␆ࠍ⏕⹺ߒߡ߅ߊߎߣ߇㧘․ߦല₸ᕈ⹏ଔࠍ⚻ᷣቇ⊛ߥᢥ⣂ߩਛߢㆇ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ႐วߦߪᔅⷐ
ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫⺰ᧄߢߎߘޕ‬ᢥߢߪ㧘DEA ߣ NPA ߩᣇᴺߩ⋧㆑ߦߟ޿ߡ⏕⹺ߔࠆߣ౒ߦ㧘ਔ⠪ࠍห৻ߩ࠺
࡯࠲ߦㆡ↪ߒߡߘߩ⚿ᨐࠍᲧセߒ DEA ߩㆡ↪น⢻ᕈࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Varian ߩឭ᩺ߔࠆ NPA ߪ㧘⌀ߩ↢↥น⢻㓸วߦኻߒߡౝ஥㧔inner bound㧘ౝ஥㒢⇇㧕ߣᄖ஥㧔outerbound㧘ᄖ஥㒢⇇)߆ࠄ↢↥น⢻㓸วࠍㄭૃߔࠆᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬DEA ߇↢↥น⢻㓸วߩಲᕈࠍ೨ឭߦߒߡࠗ
ࡦࡊ࠶࠻㧔 x 㧕ߣࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻㧔 y 㧕ߩ࠺࡯࠲߆ࠄ㧔 x , y 㧕ߩಲ൮ࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆߩߦኻߒ㧘NPA ߩౝ஥㒢⇇ߪᔅⷐᛩ౉㓸วߩಲᕈࠍ೨ឭߦߔࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘೨⠪ߢߪ↢↥㑐ᢙߪಳ㑐ᢙߣߥࠅ㒢⇇↢↥ജ߇ㅛᷫߔࠆߩߦኻߒ㧘ᓟ⠪ߢߪ↢↥㑐ᢙߪḰಳ㑐ᢙߣߥࠅ㒢⇇ઍᦧ₸߇ㅛᷫߔࠆ‫ޕ‬᣿ࠄ߆ߦ NPA ߩౝ஥㒢⇇ߩᣇ߇ࡒࠢࡠ⚻ᷣቇ⊛ߦᮡḰ⊛ߥ೨ឭߦଐ᜚ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘DEA ࠃࠅ߽ᐢ▸ߥ↢↥ᛛⴚߦኻᔕߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬
NPA ߩᄖ஥㒢⇇ߪ㧘ⷰኤߐࠇߚ࠺࡯࠲ߩዋߥߊߣ߽޽ࠆㇱಽ߇⾌↪ᦨዊൻⴕേߣᢛว⊛ߦߥࠆ᧦ઙࠍಲᕈ
᧦ઙߦട߃ߡ↪޿㧘ᔅⷐᛩ౉㓸วࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬DEA ߇฽ᗧߔࠆᔅⷐᛩ౉㓸วߪ㧘ౝ஥㒢⇇ࠍㇱಽ㓸วߣߒߡ฽߻৻ᣇߢᄖ஥㒢⇇ߣߪ൮฽㑐ଥߦߥߊ㧘DEA ߦࠃࠆല₸୯߇ NPA ߦࠃࠆ਄ਅ㒢ߩ㑆ߦ౉ࠆ଻⸽ߪ
ߥ޿‫ޕ‬એਅ㧘╙ 2 ▵ߢ DEA㧘╙ 3 ▵ߢ NPA ߦߟ޿ߡ᭎ⷰߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ╙ 4 ▵એ㒠ߢߪ㧘DEA ߣ NPA ࠍታ࠺࡯࠲ߦㆡ↪ߒߡ㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐࠍᲧセᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ขࠅ਄ߍࠆ࠺࡯࠲ߪ㧘৻⥸ᑄ᫈‛ಣℂ੐ᬺߦ៤ࠊࠆ 105 ⚵ว㧔․೎࿾ᣇ౏౒࿅૕㧕ߩ 2002 ᐕᐲታ❣ߢ㧘ⅣႺ⋭ߩ৻⥸ᑄ᫈‛ಣ
ℂታᘒ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߊߥ߽ߢ߹߁⸒ޕ‬㧘ᑄ᫈‛ಣℂ੐ᬺߪⅣႺ೙⚂ߩ㜞߹ࠅߩਛߢߘߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ㜞߼ߟߟ޽ࠆ৻ᣇ㧘࿖࡮࿾ᣇߩⴕ⽷᡽ᡷ㕟ߩਛߢല₸⊛ߥࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠍಾታߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬൮᜝⊛ߥല₸ᕈ⹏ଔߩߚ߼ߩᚻᴺߣߒߡ DEA ߿ NPA ߩㆡ↪น⢻ᕈࠍ⷗ߡ߅ߊߎߣߪ㧘
੹ᓟߎߩ⒳ߩᚻ⛯߈ߩታോൻࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߦ޽ߚߞߡਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬

㧞㧚DEA ߦࠃࠆല₸ᕈ⹏ଔ m ⒳㘃ߩࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻߆ࠄ n ⒳㘃ߩࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ࠍ↢↥ߔࠆࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ⠨߃㧘ࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻㨯ࡌࠢ࠻࡞㧔 m u 1 㧕ࠍ x 㧘ࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻㨯ࡌࠢ࠻࡞㧔 n u 1 㧕ࠍ y ߣߒߡ㧘ታⴕน⢻ߥߔߴߡߩ x ߣ y ߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖ߆
ࠄᚑࠆ↢↥น⢻㓸ว Ʒ ࠍቯ⟵ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬)^ ( x, y )  Rm nx can produce y `(1)↢↥น⢻㓸วߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ᰴߩᕈ⾰ࠍḩߚߔߎߣࠍⷐ⺧ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬3) ⴕ᡽ߦࠃࠆ੐ᬺߢߪߥ޿߇㧘㔚᳇੐ᬺߩⷙ೙ߩߚ߼ฦ࿖ߢታᣉߐࠇߚല₸ᕈ⹏ଔߦ㑐ߔࠆࠨ࡯ࡌࠗ߇ Jamsab and Pollitt㧔2001㧕ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩઁ߿ࠕࠖ࠹ࡦࡠࡈ₸⏕ޕ‬ᚻᲑ߽↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘DEA ߇ਥᵹߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫߇ࠊߚ߹ޕ‬࿖ߢ߽㧘ᐔᚑ 12 ᐕ 10 ᦬ߩ NTT
᧲⷏ળ␠ߩ࿾ၞㅢାᢱ㊄਄㒢ⷙ೙ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘↢↥ᕈะ਄⷗ㄟ₸ߩ⸳ቯߦ DEA ߦࠃࠆല₸ᕈ⸘᷹୯߇ෳ⠨ᜰᮡߣߒߡ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㇷ᡽⋭
㧔2000ab㧕ࠍෳᾖ‫ޕ‬㧙㧙㕖ࡄ࡜ࡔ࠻࡝࠶ࠢߥ৻⥸ᑄ᫈‛ಣℂ੐ᬺ⚵วߩല₸ᕈಽᨆߣߘߩ⚻ᷣቇ⊛ၮ␆i) ( x, y )  ) ߆ߟ x d x ߥࠄ߫ ( x, y )  )ii) ( x, y )  ) ߆ߟ y t y ߥࠄ߫ ( x, y )  )iii) )ߪ㐽ಲ㓸วi ᰴߦ㧘೑↪น⢻ߥ࠺࡯࠲߇ xi(x1i , x2i ,, xmi )c, y

i

i

i

( y1 , y2 ,, yn )c, i 1,2,, N ߢ޽ࠆߣߔࠆ‫ⷰޕ‬ኤߐࠇߚ࠺࡯࠲ߪ㧘⥄ࠄᛛⴚ⊛ߦታⴕน⢻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ㗼␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ో࠲࡯࠺ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬૕ߩ㓸วࠍS^( x , y ), ( x , y ),, ( x , y )`
1

1

2

2

N

(2)

N

ߣߔࠆߣ㧘S ߦኻߒߡ↢↥น⢻㓸วߪiv) S  )ࠍḩߚߔߪߕߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ DEA ߢߪ㧘↢↥น⢻㓸วࠍᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ᭴ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ˆ)^( x , y )  R

mn


N

N

N

¦ x Oi d x, ¦ y Oi t y , ¦ Oi

i 1

i

i

i 1

i 1

1, Oi t 0 for all i`(3)ˆ ߇ᕈ⾰ i)-iv) ࠍḩߚߔߎߣߪኈᤃߦ␜ߒᓧࠆ‫ޕ‬ട߃ߡ )ˆ ߪ㧘ᕈ⾰ i)-iv)ࠍḩߚߔߔߴߡߩ㓸วߩ౒ㅢㇱ)ˆ ߪᕈ⾰ i)-iv) ࠍḩߚߔᦨዊߩ㓸วߢ޽ࠆ
ಽߢ޽ࠆ(Banker, Charnes and Cooper[1984])‫) ࠄ߆ߣߎߩߎޕ‬ˆ  ) ߢ޽ࠅ㧘߹ߚ F  )ˆ ߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߥ F ߪᕈ⾰ i)-iv)ࠍߔߴߡḩߚߔߎߣߪߢ
ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫) ߜࠊߥߔޕ‬߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ല₸ᕈᜰᮡߪ㧘ࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ࠍᷫࠄߔߎߣߥߊน⢻ߥࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ߩᦨᄢ೥ᷫ₸ߢቯ⟵ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ല₸ᕈᜰᮡˆ ߦၮߠ޿ߡࠍ TEx ߣߔࠆߣ㧘 ( x, y ) ߩല₸ᕈߪ )ˆ

TE x ( x , y )

^

min T

ˆ
(Tx, y )  )`(4)ߩࠃ߁ߦ⸘᷹ߢ߈ࠆ 4)‫ⷰޕ‬ኤ୯ ( x i , y i ) ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠇ߫TE x d 1 ߣߥࠅ㧘TE xˆˆ

1 ߩᤨߦ ( x i , y i ) ߪല₸⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬4 ߢቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆല₸ᕈߪࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ᜰะߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠍ࠻࠶ࡊࡦࠗޕ‬ᚲਈߣߒߡ㧘ࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ࠍჇ߿ߔߎߣߥߊน⢻ߥࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻࡮ࡌࠢ࠻࡞ߩ
ᦨᄢ᜛ᄢ₸ࠍ㧘ࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ᜰะߩല₸ᕈߣ๭߱‫ⷙޕ‬ᮨߦ㑐ߒߡ෼ⓠ৻ቯߢ޽ࠇ߫㧘৻ᣇߪઁᣇߩㅒᢙߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬෼ⓠนᄌߩ႐ว㧘ਔ⠪ߩⓍߪⷙᮨᒢᕈ୯ߦኻᔕߔࠆ[Nemoto and Goto (2005)]‫ޕ‬

4)㧙㧙ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ No.34㧔2006.9㧕

㧟㧚NPA ߦࠃࠆല₸ᕈ⹏ଔ
3.1. ౝ஥㒢⇇㧔inner bound㧕ߦࠃࠆ⹏ଔ ࡒࠢࡠ⚻ᷣቇߢߪ㧘↢↥น⢻㓸วߦኻߒߡᔅߕߒ߽ ᕈ⾰ i)-iv)ࠍⷐ⺧ߔࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᕈ⾰ i)-iv)ߩਅ
ߢߪ㧘↢↥น⢻㓸วߩ਄ߢቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆ↢↥㑐ᢙߪಳ㑐ᢙߣߥࠅ㧘ⷙᮨߩ⚻ᷣᕈߪ⸵ኈߐࠇߥ޿‫࠶ࡊࡦࠗޕ‬࠻㧔x㧕ߣࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻㧔y㧕߇౒ߦ㧝⒳㘃ߩ႐ว㧘DEA ߢߪ࿑ 1a ߩࠃ߁ߥ↢↥㑐ᢙࠍᗐቯߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ
ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬y / x ߢ᷹ࠄࠇࠆ↢↥ᕈߪⷙᮨߩ᜛ᄢߣ౒ߦૐਅߒ㧘ⷙᮨߩ⚻ᷣᕈ߇ሽ࿷ߒߥ޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ 5)‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒࡒࠢࡠ⚻ᷣቇߩ↢↥⠪ⴕേℂ⺰߇ᚑ┙ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘↢↥㑐ᢙߪಳ㑐ᢙߢ޽ࠆᔅⷐߪߥߊḰಳ㑐ᢙߢ޽ࠇ߫ࠃ޿‫ߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㧘࿑ 1b ߥ޿ߒ࿑ 1c ߩࠃ߁ߥ↢↥㑐ᢙ߇⸵ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 1b ߪ޿ࠊࠁࠆ S ሼᒻ↢↥㑐ᢙߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ὐ P ߹ߢ↢↥߇਄᣹ߒߘߩᓟૐਅߦォߕࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 1c ߢߪ㧘ోၞߢ↢↥ᕈ߇਄᣹ߒⷙᮨߩ⚻ᷣᕈ߇ᡰ㈩ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

y

y

P

X

࿑䋱㪸㩷 ෼ⓠㅛᷫ㩷

X࿑䋱㪹㩷 ෼ⓠㅛჇ䋭ㅛᷫ㩷yX࿑䋱㪺㩷 ෼ⓠㅛჇ㩷↢↥㑐ᢙ߇Ḱಳ㑐ᢙߢ޽ࠆߎߣߩᔅⷐචಽ᧦ઙߪ㧘ᔅⷐᛩ౉㓸ว㧔input requirement set㧕߇㐽ಲߣߥࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᔅⷐᛩ౉㓸วߪᚲਈߩ y ߦኻߒߡDEA ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ⷙᮨߩ⚻ᷣᕈࠍಽᨆߔࠆߎߣߪⴕࠊࠇࠆ߇㧘ߘߩ႐วߪ࿑ 1a ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘↢↥㑐ᢙߩ୯߇ 0 ߣߥࠆὐࠍේὐߢߪߥߊࠗࡦࡊ
࠶࠻߇ᱜߩ޽ࠆ৻ὐߦ⒖േߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ⷙᮨߩ⚻ᷣᕈߣਇ⚻ᷣᕈߩ㗔ၞࠍ૞ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘࿑ 1c ߩࠃ߁ߦోၞߢⷙᮨߩ⚻ᷣᕈ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆࠤ࡯ࠬ
ߪឃ㒰ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬DEA ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ಷᩮ㧔1993㧕㧘ᧃศ㧔2001㧕
㧘Cooper, Seiford and Tone㧔2000㧕
㧘Ray㧔2004㧕╬ࠍෳᾖ‫ޕ‬

5)㧙㧙㕖ࡄ࡜ࡔ࠻࡝࠶ࠢߥ৻⥸ᑄ᫈‛ಣℂ੐ᬺ⚵วߩല₸ᕈಽᨆߣߘߩ⚻ᷣቇ⊛ၮ␆*( y )^ xRm( x, y )  ) `(5)ߦࠃࠅቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᔅⷐᛩ౉㓸วߦኻߒߡߪ㧘એਅߩ᧦ઙࠍ᦭ߔࠆߎߣ߇ⷐ⺧ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬v) x  * ( y ) ߆ߟ y t y ߥࠄ߫ x  *( y )vi) x  *( y ) ߆ߟ x d x ߥࠄ߫ x  *( y )vii) *( y ) ߪ㐽ಲ㓸วN ୘ߩ࠺࡯࠲ ( x i , y i ), i 1,2,/ , N ߪᛛⴚ⊛ߦታⴕน⢻ߩߪߕߛ߆ࠄ㧘v)-vii)ߦട߃
viii) x j  *( y ) for all y d y j߇ᚑࠅ┙ߟ‫ޕ‬DEA ߩ႐วߣห᭽ߦ㧘ᕈ⾰ v)-viii)ࠍḩߚߔߔߴߡߩ㓸วߩ౒ㅢㇱಽ㓸วߪ v ( y )^ i y t y`iߣߒߡ㧘ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬*( y )­ x  R m ¦ x i O d x, ¦ O®
iiiv ( y )iv ( y )¯

1, Oi t 0 for‫ޓ‬i  v( y )½¾¿(6)*( y ) ߪߘߩ૞ࠅᣇ߆ࠄ⌀ߩ *( y ) ߦኻߒߡ *( y )  *( y ) ߢ޽ࠅ㧘߹ߚ G ( y )  *( y ) ߢ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߥ㓸ว G ( y ) ߪᕈ⾰ v)-viii)ࠍหᤨߦḩߚߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿㧔Varian[1984㧘Theorem 12]㧕‫ߩߎޕ‬ᗧ๧ߢ Varian ߪ㧘*( y )ࠍ *( y ) ߩౝ஥㒢⇇㧔inner bound㧕 ߣ๭ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

X1

*( y)
A

B

X2

࿑䋲a NPA䈱ౝ஥㒢⇇ Varian (1984) 䉋䉍 ࿑ 2a ߪࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ 2 ⒳㘃㧘ࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ 1 ⒳㘃ߩ႐วߩౝ஥㒢⇇ࠍ଀␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ੑߟߩὐ A㧘㧙㧙ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ No.34㧔2006.9㧕

B ߪ㧘౒ߦല₸⊛ߥ↢↥ࠍ૕⃻ߒหߓ᳓Ḱߩࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ࠍ↥಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ౝ஥㒢⇇ߪ㧘A㧘B
ߩࠃ߁ߥല₸⊛ߥ↢↥ὐࠍ┵ὐߣߔࠆಲᄙ㕙૕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴ▵ߢ⺑᣿ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘NPA ߢߪౝ஥㒢⇇ࠍ൮฽ߔࠆᄖ஥㒢⇇㧔࿑ 2b㧕ࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ኻᔕߒߡ㧘ᛛⴚല₸ᕈᜰᮡߪౝ஥㒢⇇ࠍෳᾖߔࠇ߫਄㒢߇㧘ᄖ஥㒢⇇ࠍෳᾖߔࠇ߫ਅ㒢߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߔߥࠊߜ㧘ౝ஥㒢⇇ߦࠃࠆᛛⴚല₸ᕈᜰᮡߩ਄㒢୯ TE x ߪ

TE x ( x, y ) = min ^ ș (ș x, y)  ī( y )`(7)ߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
3.2. ᄖ஥㒢⇇㧔outer bound㧕ߦࠃࠆ⹏ଔ ࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ߩ࠺࡯࠲ߦኻᔕߒߡ㧘หᤨߦࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ߩଔᩰࡌࠢ࠻࡞ wi

1,2,  , n ߇ⷰኤߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ

ߣߔࠆ‫ᤨߩߎޕ‬㧘↢↥⠪߇⾌↪ᦨዊൻⴕേߦߒߚ߇ߞߡ޿ࠇ߫㧘 x ߪ w ߩਅߢ y i ࠍᦨዊ⾌↪ߢ↢↥ߔࠆiiࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߩߪߕߢ޽ࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘ᔅⷐᛩ౉㓸วߦ㑐ߒߡᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ㑐ଥ߇ᚑ┙ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬cc
wi x i d wi x for all x *( y i ), i 1,2,, N

(c-rationalizability)ߎߩ㑐ଥ߇ᚑ┙ߔࠆᤨ㧘*( y ) ߪ࠺࡯࠲ S ࠍ⾌↪วℂൻน⢻㧔c-rationalize㧕ߣ⸒߁‫ߢߎߘޕ‬㧘᧦ઙ v)-viii)ߦട߃㧘ᚲਈߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ⾌↪วℂൻน⢻ߥᔅⷐᛩ౉㓸วࠍ⷗಴ߔߎߣࠍ⠨߃ࠆ‫↪⾌ޕ‬วℂൻน⢻ߥᔅⷐᛩ౉㓸ว߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߚ߼ߩᔅⷐචಽ᧦ઙߪ㧘࠺࡯࠲ S ߇ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ⾌↪ᦨዊൻߩᒙ౏ℂ㧔weak axiom of cost
minimization, WACM㧕ࠍḩߚߔߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧔Varian[1984, Theorem 1]㧕
‫ޕ‬cc
wi x i d wi x j for y i d y j , i, j 1,2,, N(WACM)

߽ߒ࠺࡯࠲ S ߇ో૕ߣߒߡ WACM ࠍḩߚߔߥࠄ߫㧘WACM ࠍ೑↪ߒߡ

*( y)

½
­
m
ic i
ic
i
® x  R w x d w x for all y d y, i 1,2,, N ¾
¿
¯

(8)

‫ޕ‬
ࠍቯ⟵ߔࠆߣ㧘 * ( y ) ߪ࠺࡯࠲ S ࠍ⾌↪วℂൻน⢻ߢᕈ⾰ v)-viii)ࠍḩߚߔ㧔Varian[1984, Theorem 13]㧕ߎࠇ߇ Varian ߩᄖ஥㒢⇇㧔outer bound㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߔߴߡߩⷰኤ୯ߦߟ޿ߡ WACM ߇ḩߚߐࠇࠆߣߔࠇ߫㕖ല₸ߪሽ࿷ߖߕ㧘ല₸ᕈߩ⹏ଔߘߩ
߽ߩ߇ήᗧ๧ߣߥࠆ‫ ߢߎߘޕ‬S ߩㇱಽ㓸วߦߟ޿ߡߩߺ㧘WACM ߇ḩߚߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣᗐቯߔࠆ‫޿ޕ‬߹㧘޽ࠆ s  S ߇ሽ࿷ߒߡ

㧙㧙㕖ࡄ࡜ࡔ࠻࡝࠶ࠢߥ৻⥸ᑄ᫈‛ಣℂ੐ᬺ⚵วߩല₸ᕈಽᨆߣߘߩ⚻ᷣቇ⊛ၮ␆cc
wi x i d wi x j forߢ޽ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ߢߎߎޕ‬H

*( y)

(9)

y i d y j , ( x i , y i ), ( x j , y j )  s^ i ( x , y )  s`ߣߒߡ㧘ᄖ஥㒢⇇ࠍᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ૞ࠆ‫ޕ‬
i

i

­
½
m
ic i
ic
i
® x  R w x d w x for all y d y, i  H ¾
¿
¯

(10)

ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ * ( y ) ߪ s ߦߟ޿ߡcc
wi x i d wi x for all x  *( y i ), ( x i , y i )  s(subset c-rationalizability)ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⸽᣿ߢ߈ࠆ‫ࠍߣߎߩߎޕ‬㧘* ( y ) ߪ࠺࡯࠲ S ࠍㇱಽ⊛ߦ⾌↪วℂൻน⢻㧔subset c-rationalize㧕ߢ޽ࠆߣ⸒߁‫ ( * ޕ‬y ) ߪߘߩ૞ࠅᣇ߆ࠄ⌀ߩ *( y ) ߦኻߒߡ *( y )  * ( y ) ߢ޽ࠅ㧘߹ߚ * ( y )  G ( y ) ߢ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߥ㓸ว G ( y ) ߪ࠺࡯࠲ S ࠍㇱಽ⊛ߦ⾌↪วℂൻน⢻ߢߥ޿ߣ⸽᣿ߢ߈ࠆ
㧔Banker and Maindiratta[1988,
Lemma]㧕
‫ߩߎޕ‬ᗧ๧ߢ Varian ߪ㧘 * ( y ) ࠍ *( y ) ߩᄖ஥㒢⇇㧔outer bound㧕ߣ๭ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬X1*( y )AB

X2

࿑䋲b NPA䈱ᄖ஥㒢⇇ Varian (1984) 䉋䉍 ࿑ 2b ߪࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ 2 ⒳㘃㧘ࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ 1 ⒳㘃ߩ႐วߩᄖ஥㒢⇇ࠍ଀␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ല₸⊛ߢห৻᳓Ḱߩࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ࠍ↥಴ߔࠆੑὐ A㧘B ࠍㅢࠆ⋥✢ߪ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ A㧘B ߇ⷰኤߐࠇߚᤨߩ⾌↪✢ߢ޽ࠆ‫ᦨ↪⾌ޕ‬ዊൻ߇㆐ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠇ߫╬↢↥㊂✢ߪ A㧘B ߢ⾌↪✢ߦធߒ㧘ዋߥߊߣ߽⾌↪✢ߩਅᣇࠍㅢㆊ
ߔࠆߎߣߪߥ޿‫ߢߎߘޕ‬㧘⾌↪✢ߩ਄ᣇၞߩ౒ㅢ㓸ว߇ᄖ஥㒢⇇ߣߥࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧙㧙ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ No.34㧔2006.9㧕

 ৻ᣇ㧘 *( y ) ߽ S ࠍㇱಽ⊛ߦ⾌↪วℂൻน⢻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇࠆ㧔Banker and Maindiratta[1988,
Proposition 2]㧕
‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘(11)*( y )  *( y )  * ( y )ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᔅⷐᛩ౉㓸ว߇ᕈ⾰v)-viii)ࠍḩߚߒ߆ߟ࠺࡯࠲S ࠍㇱಽ⊛ߦ⾌↪วℂൻน⢻ߢ޽ࠆߥࠄ߫ *( y ) ߣ* ( y ) ߪߘࠇߙࠇ *( y ) ߦኻߔࠆਔ஥ߩ㒢⇇ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ല₸ᕈᜰᮡߪ㧘ᄖ஥㒢⇇ࠍෳᾖߒߡਅ㒢୯ TE x ߇

TE x ( x, y )min^ T(Tx, y )  * ( y ) `(12)ߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡᓧࠄࠇ TE x ߣ TE x ߢ⌀ߩ TE x ߦኻߔࠆ਄ਅ㒢ࠍਈ߃ࠆ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬㧘ᄖ஥㒢⇇ߪ ( x, y ) ߦኻߒߡ
y i d y ߣߥࠆ i  H ߇ሽ࿷ߒߥߌࠇ߫ⓨ㓸วߣߥࠅ㧘ߘߩᤨ TE x ߪ⸘᷹ਇ⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ DEA ߦࠃࠅ᳞߼ߚTE x ߣߩ㑐ଥߢߪ
ˆ

(13)

ˆ

TE x t TE x߇ᚑ┙ߔࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬㧘ᚲਈߩ y ߦߟ޿ߡ *( y ) ^ x ( x, y )  )ˆ `ߣߥࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ᣿ࠄ߆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ (* ޕ‬y) ߦˆߟ޿ߡߪห᭽ߩ൮฽㑐ଥ߇৻⟵⊛ߦሽ࿷ߒߥ޿ߚ߼㧘TE x ߣ TE x ߩ㑆ߩᄢዊߪ᳿߹ࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧠㧚࠺࡯࠲ ታ࠺࡯࠲ߦࠃࠆಽᨆߣߒߡ㧘৻⥸ᑄ᫈‛ಣℂ੐ᬺߩല₸ᕈ⹏ଔࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬2002 ᐕᐲߩⅣႺ⋭‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᑄ᫈‛
ಣℂታᘒ⺞ᩏ‫ࠅࠃޠ‬㧘105 ⚵ว㧔․೎࿾ᣇ౏౒࿅૕㧕ߩߏߺಣℂߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ↪޿㧘DEA ߅ࠃ߮ NPA
ߦࠃࠆല₸ᕈ୯ࠍ⸘᷹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬੐ᬺߩࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ߪ὾ළߏߺ㊂㧔t㧕㧘☻ᄢࠧࡒಣℂ㊂㧔t㧕㧘⾗Ḯൻߏߺ㊂㧔t㧕ߩਃ⒳㘃ߣߒ㧘ࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ߪᑄ᫈‛ಣℂᓥ੐⡯ຬᢙ㧔ੱ㧕ߣߏߺಣℂ⾌㧔౞㧕ߩੑ⒳㘃ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬NPA
ߩᄖ஥㒢⇇ࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ߩଔᩰ߽ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘⡯ຬᢙߩଔᩰߣߒߡ⡯ຬ৻ੱ޽ߚࠅੱઙ
⾌㧔౞㧛ੱ㧕ࠍ↪޿㧘ߏߺಣℂ⾌ߩଔᩰߪߔߴߡߩ⚵วߦߟ޿ߡ 1 ߣߒߚ‫⚿ߩߎޕ‬ᨐ㧘ࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ߣࠗࡦ
ࡊ࠶࠻ଔᩰߩⓍ๺ߪੱઙ⾌㧗ಣℂ⾌ߣߥࠅ㧘⛽ᜬୃ❲⾌ߥߤ⾗ᧄࠬ࠻࠶ࠢߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⾌↪ߣ⸳஻ᛩ⾗㑐ଥ⾌ࠍ㒰޿ߚ⍴ᦼนᄌ⾌↪ߦ߶߷⋧ᒰߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᑄ᫈‛ಣℂታᘒ⺞ᩏ‫߇࠲࡯࠺ߢޠ‬೑↪น⢻ߥ⚵วߩ߁ߜ㧘਄⸥ߩࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻߅ࠃ߮ࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻
߇৻ߟߢ߽ 0 ߣߥࠆ߽ߩߪ㒰޿ߚ‫ ߦ࠻࠶ࡊ࠻࠙ࠕޕ‬0 ߦߥࠆ߽ߩ߇޽ߞߡ߽ല₸ᕈ⸘᷹ߩᅹߍߦߪߥࠄߥ
޿߇㧘੐ᬺ⠪㑆ߦᲧセࠍ⸵ߔߛߌߩห⾰ᕈࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ߣࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ߩ
ߔߴߡ߇ᱜߦߥࠆ߽ߩࠍᛮ߈಴ߒ㧘⚿ᨐߣߒߡ 112 ⚵ว߇⹥ᒰߒߚ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬หߓℂ↱ߦࠃࠅ㧘⡯ຬ৻ੱ޽ߚࠅੱઙ⾌߇ᭂ┵ߦᄢ߈޿⚵ว 6 ⚵วߣᭂ┵ߦዊߐ޿ 1 ⚵วࠍ㒰߈㧘ᱷߞߚ 105 ⚵วࠍಽᨆኻ⽎ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧡㧚ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ
 ࿑ 3 ߅ࠃ߮࿑ 4 ߦ㧘DEA ߣ NPA ߦࠃࠆല₸ᕈߩ⸘᷹୯ࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬NPA ߩᄖ஥㒢⇇ߦࠃࠆല₸୯ਅ㒢߇⸘᷹ਇ⢻ߣߥߞߚ⚵วߪ 11 ޽ࠅ㧘࿑ 3 ߢߪߎࠇࠄࠍ㒰޿ߚ 94 ⚵วߩ⸘᷹⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬࿑ 3 ߪ❑ゲߦല₸㧙㧙㕖ࡄ࡜ࡔ࠻࡝࠶ࠢߥ৻⥸ᑄ᫈‛ಣℂ੐ᬺ⚵วߩല₸ᕈಽᨆߣߘߩ⚻ᷣቇ⊛ၮ␆୯ࠍขࠅ㧘ᮮゲߦߪ 93 ⚵วࠍ DEA ߩല₸୯ߩ㒠㗅ߦਗߴߡ޽ࠆ‫⚵ޕ‬วߏߣߦ❑✢ߢ NPA ߦࠃࠆല₸୯

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ߩ਄ਅ㒢ߩ඙㑆ࠍ␜ߒ㧘✢ਅ┵ߩࡑ࡯ࠢߪ NPA ߩਅ㒢ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬DEA ߦࠃࠆല₸୯ߪࡊࡠ࠶࠻ߢ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬࿑䋳㩷 ല₸ᕈᜰᮡ㩷 㪛㪜㪘䋨䊒䊨䉾䊃䋩䈫 㪥㪧㪘 䈱਄ਅ㒢඙㑆㩷䋨㪥㪧㪘 ਅ㒢䈏⸘᷹ਇ⢻䈱䉬䊷䉴䉕㒰䈒䋩㩷 WACM ࠍḩߚߔ⚵ว㧘ߟ߹ࠅ i  H ߣߥࠆⷰኤ୯ߪ㧘NPA ߦࠃࠆല₸୯ߩ਄ਅ㒢ߣ߽ᔅߕ 1 ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ല₸୯ 1 ߪ㕖ല₸߇ሽ࿷ߒߥ޿ߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ߇㧘NPA ߦࠃࠆ⸘᷹ߢߪ 105 ⚵วߩ߁ߜ 48 ⚵ว߇ߘ߁ߒߚ
ല₸⊛੐ᬺ⠪ߢ޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ㧘DEA ߢല₸୯߇ 1 ߢ޽ࠆߩߪ NPA ߩඨᢙߩ 24 ⚵วߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬NPA ߩല₸୯਄ਅ㒢߇౒ߦ 1 ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߣ DEA ߩല₸୯߇ 1 ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߩ㑆ߦቯ߹ߞߚ㑐ଥߪߥ޿߇㧘DEA ߢല₸⊛ߥ 24 ⚵วߩ߁ߜ 23 ⚵วߪ NPA ߩല₸୯਄ਅ㒢߇ 1 ߢ޽ࠆ‫଀ޕ‬ᄖߣߥࠆ 1 ⚵วߢߪ㧘NPA ߦࠃࠆല₸୯ਅ㒢ߪ 0.76 ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ࿑ 3 ߆ࠄ᣿ࠄ߆ߥࠃ߁ߦ㧘DEA ߩല₸୯ߪ NPA ߩਅ㒢ࠃࠅߐࠄߦዊߐߊߥࠆ௑ะ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ല₸୯ߩᐔဋߪ㧘NPA ߩ਄ਅ㒢߇ߘࠇߙࠇ 0.92 ߣ 0.75 ߢ޽ࠆߩߦኻߒ㧘DEA ߪ 0.63 ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬DEA ߩല₸୯ߣ NPA
ߩല₸୯ਅ㒢ࠍᲧセߔࠆߣ㧘౒ߦ㧝ߢ޽ࠆ 23 ⚵วࠍ㒰߈㧘DEA ߩᣇ߇ NPA ਅ㒢ࠃࠅᄢ߈޿߆߹ߚߪ╬ߒ޿㧔ߟ߹ࠅ DEA ߇ NPA ߩ਄ਅ㒢ߩ㑆ߦ౉ࠆ㧕⚵วߩᢙߪ 14 ߦߣߤ߹ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㅒߦ DEA ߇ NPA ਅ㒢ࠃࠅዊߐ޿⚵วߪ 68 ߣߥࠅ㧘ో૕ߩ⚂ 73%ࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬㧘࿑ 4 ߦ߅޿ߡߐࠄߦ᣿ᔟߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 4 ߢߪ㧘ో 105 ⚵วࠍ NPA ߩല₸ᕈਅ㒢୯ߩ㒠㗅ߢᮮゲߦਗߴ㧘ਅ㒢୯ߩሽ࿷ߒߥ޿ 12 ⚵วࠍฝ┵ߦ⟎ߊ‫ޕ‬࿑ਛߩੑᧄߩ᛬✢ߢ NPA ߦࠃࠆല₸ᕈߩ਄㒢ߣਅ㒢୯ࠍ␜ߒ㧘DEA ߩല₸୯ߪࡊࡠ࠶࠻ߢ␜ߒ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᄢㇱಽߩDEA ߩࡊࡠ࠶࠻߇㧘
NPA ਅ㒢୯ߩ᛬✢ࠃࠅਅᣇߦ૏⟎ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬⚿ᨐߣߒߡ㧘DEA ߢߪല₸ᕈࠍㆊዊ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧙㧙ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ No.34㧔2006.9㧕

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࿑䋴㩷 ല₸ᕈᜰᮡ䋨㪛㪜㪘䋩䈫 㪥㪧㪘 ਄ਅ㒢䋨᛬✢䋩㩷⴫㧝 ല₸ᕈᜰᮡߩ㑆ߩ⋧㑐
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㪥㪧㪘䋨ౝ஥㒢⇇䋩㩷㪥㪧㪘䋨ᄖ஥㒢⇇䋩㩷㪈㩷㪇㪅㪌㪌㪏㩷
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㪥㪧㪘䋨ౝ஥㒢⇇䋩㩷㪥㪧㪘䋨ᄖ஥㒢⇇䋩㩷㪈㩷㪇㪅㪍㪎㪍㩷
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㪈㩷㪥㪧㪘䋨ౝ஥㒢⇇䋩㩷㪥㪧㪘䋨ᄖ஥㒢⇇䋩㩷ᵈ䋩㩷 㪥㪧㪘 ᄖ஥㒢⇇䈏᷹ቯਇ⢻䈱䉬䊷䉴䉕㒰䈒 㪐㪋 ⚵ว䈱ല₸ᕈᜰᮡ䈮䉋䉎㩷 ᰴߦ㧘⴫ 1 ߦฦല₸ᕈ୯ߩ㑆ߩ⋧㑐ߣ㗅૏⋧㑐ࠍ␜ߔ‫⋧ޕ‬㑐ଥᢙ㧘㗅૏⋧㑐ଥᢙߣ߽ DEA ߣ NPA ߩਅ㒢୯ߣߩ㑆ߢ⚂ 0.8 ߣ㜞޿‫ޕ‬DEA ߣ NPA ߩ਄㒢୯ߩ㑆ߩ⋧㑐ߪᔅߕߒ߽㜞ߊߪߥ޿߇㧘㗅૏⋧㑐ଥᢙ
ߪ 0.68 ޽ࠅ㧘ਔ⠪ߩ㑆ߦ৻ቯߩቯᕈ⊛㑐ଥߪሽ࿷ߔࠆ߽ߩߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘ቯᕈ⊛ߥല₸ᕈ⹏ଔߦ㒢ࠇ߫ DEA ߩㆡ↪น⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ⹺߼ࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ല₸୯ࠍෳᾖߔࠆࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕߩ᭴ᚑ
ේℂߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄߪ㧘DEA ߣ NPA ߩ਄㒢୯ߣߪ⾌↪ᦨዊൻ౏ℂ㧔WACM㧕ࠍ↪޿ߥ޿ὐߢ౒ㅢߒߡ
ˆ ߣ NPA ߩౝ஥㒢⇇ *( y ) ߩ㆑޿ߪ㧘 3 ߣ 6 ߆ࠄ᣿ࠄ߆ߥࠃ
޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙㧘DEA ߦࠃࠆ↢↥น⢻ᕈ㓸ว )߁ߦ㧘ಲᄙ㕙૕ߩ┵ὐߩขࠅᣇߩ⋧㆑ߛߌߢ޽ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘DEA ߣ⋧㑐߇㜞޿ߩߪ߻ߒࠈ WACM ߦଐ᜚ߔࠆ NPA ߩਅ㒢୯ߩᣇߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩὐߢߪᗧᄖߥ⚿ᨐߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬DEA ߣ NPA ߩ㑐ଥߪ㧘੕޿ߦઁᣇߩઍ↪ߦߥࠆߎߣߪߥߊ㧘น⢻ߥ㒢ࠅ෺ᣇߩㆡ↪ࠍⴕ޿ࠢࡠࠬ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢߣߔࠆߎߣ߇ផᅑߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ NPA ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘ߘߩ਄ਅ㒢ߢ⸳ቯߐࠇࠆ඙㑆ߩ᏷ߪ㧘࿑ 3,4 ߆ࠄ߽ࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⚵ว୘೎ߩല₸ᕈࠍ㧙㧙㕖ࡄ࡜ࡔ࠻࡝࠶ࠢߥ৻⥸ᑄ᫈‛ಣℂ੐ᬺ⚵วߩല₸ᕈಽᨆߣߘߩ⚻ᷣቇ⊛ၮ␆⹏ଔߔࠆߦචಽߥ߶ߤ㜞♖ᐲߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬඙㑆᏷ߩᐔဋߪో૕ߢ 0.17 ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘WACM ࠍḩߚߔ㧔਄ਅ㒢
߇౒ߦ 1 ߣߥࠆ㧕48 ⚵วࠍ㒰ߌ߫ 0.34 ߣߥࠆ‫ోޕ‬૕ߩ߅ࠃߘ 3 ഀᒝߩ 37 ⚵วߦߟ޿ߡ㧘඙㑆᏷ߪ 0.2
ࠍ⿧߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽ߎࠇࠄߩ⚵วߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘NPA ߦࠃࠆല₸ᕈ⹏ଔߪታ↪ᕈࠍᜬߚߥ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ㅒߦ⸒߃߫㧘ല₸⊛ߥ 48 ⚵วએᄖߢ㧘0.2 ᧂḩߩ♖ᐲߢല₸୯ࠍ⸘᷹ߢ߈ࠆ⚵วߪ 9 ⚵วߦߣߤ߹ࠅ㧘0.1
ᧂḩߩ♖ᐲࠍᓧࠄࠇࠆߩߪ 2 ⚵วߦߔ߉ߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧢㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ ᧄ⺰ᢥߢߪ㧘൮᜝⊛ߥല₸ᕈ⹏ଔߩߚ߼ߩᚻᴺߣߒߡ DEA ߣ NPA ߩㆡ↪น⢻ᕈࠍ㧘৻⥸ᑄ᫈‛ಣℂ੐ᬺߩታ࠺࡯࠲ߦࠃߞߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ㧘1 DEA ߢ㕖ല₸߇ߥ޿ߣ್ቯߐࠇࠇ߫߶߷ NPA ߢ߽ല₸⊛ߣ್ቯߐࠇࠆߎߣ㧘2 DEA ߣ NPA ߩ㑆ߦߪ৻ቯߩ⋧㑐߇⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ㧘3㧕DEA ߇ല₸ᕈࠍㆊዊ⹏ଔߔࠆ௑ะ߇޽ࠆߎߣ㧘4 㕖ല₸߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ႐วߦߪ NPA ߩ♖ᐲߪో⥸ߦૐ޿ߎߣ㧘߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇࠄߩߎߣ߆ࠄ್ᢿߒߡ㧘DEA ߿ NPA ߩߺߦࠃߞߡ୘೎੐ᬺ⠪ߩല₸ᕈ⹏ଔࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߪ㧘ߥ߅໧㗴߇ᄙ޿ߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘੍஻⊛ߥࠬࠢ࡝࡯࠾ࡦࠣߦߎࠇࠄߩᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣߪน⢻ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߕ߹ޕ‬㧘DEA ߦࠃࠆല₸୯߇ 1 ߣߥࠆ੐ᬺ⠪ࠍᦨ߽ല₸⊛ߥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߣ್ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴ޿ߢ㧘NPA ߢ㕖ല₸ߩሽ࿷߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ޿੐ᬺ⠪ߦߟ޿ߡ߽㧘DEA ߦࠃࠆല₸୯߇․ߦૐ޿ߩߢߥߌࠇ
߫ല₸⊛ߥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦዻߔࠆߣ್ቯߢ߈ࠆ‫ࠇߘޕ‬એᄖߩ੐ᬺ⠪ߩല₸ᕈ⹏ଔߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘DEA ߿ NPA એᄖߩᜰᮡࠍ✚ว⊛ߦ⹏ଔߖߑࠆࠍᓧߥ޿‫ߦ․ޕ‬㧘㕖ല₸ᐲߩ㜞޿ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ߘ߁ߒߚᄖㇱᖱႎ߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ᦨᓟߦ㧘߽߁৻ߟߩല₸ᕈ⸘᷹ᴺߣߒߡ㧘⏕₸ࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ㑐ᢙࠍ⹜ߺࠆଔ୯ߪචಽߦሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫₸⏕ޕ‬ࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ㑐ᢙߩല₸ᕈ⹏ଔߣ DEA㧘NPA ࠍᲧセߔࠆߎߣ߇ᰴߩ⺖㗴ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ෳ⠨ᢥ₂Ꮉᧄᷡ⟤࡮੗᧛⑲ᢥ࡮᫪᧖㓷ผ㧔2005㧕‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᑄ᫈‛ಣℂⴕ᡽ߩല₸ᕈ⹏ଔߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬࿯ᧁቇળⅣႺࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ⎇ⓥ⊒⴫ળ⺰ᢥ㓸‫ ╙ޢ‬33 Ꮞ 11-19‫ޕ‬ች⦟޿ߕߺ࡮⑔㊀ర༹
㧔2003㧕
‫߇ࠊޟ‬࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᶖ㒐ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩല₸ᕈ⹏ଔ‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ᔕ↪࿾ၞቇ⎇ⓥ‫ޢ‬No.8㧔1㧕
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67-78‫ޕ‬ᧃศବᐘ㧔2001㧕
‫ޡ‬DEA㧙⚻༡ല₸ಽᨆᴺ㧙‫⚻ޢ‬༡⑼ቇߩ࠾ࡘ࡯ࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ 10 ᦺୖᦠᐫ‫ޕ‬┻ౝᙗม࡮⎽੗ஜኡ㧔2004㧕‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᑄ᫈‛ಣℂ੐ᬺߩ⾌↪ല₸ᕈ‫ޠ‬ⅣႺ⚻ᷣ࡮᡽╷ቇળ 2004 ᐕᄢળ㧘ᐢፉ
ᄢቇ 9 ᦬ 25 ᣣ‫ޕ‬ಷᩮ⮍㧔1993㧕
‫⚻ޡ‬༡ല₸ᕈߩ᷹ቯߣᡷༀ㧙൮⛊ಽᨆᴺ DEA ߦࠃࠆ㧙‫ޢ‬ᣣ⑼ᛛㅪ‫ޕ‬᪢᧛┥਽࡮ዊᎹశ㧔2006㧕‫ޟ‬ㇺ㆏ᐭ⋵⒢ߩṛ⚊ߩਇ⚊ᰳ៊‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ ╙ޢ‬33 ภ㧘51-70‫ޕ‬ㇷ᡽⋭㧔2000a㧕‫ޟ‬਄㒢ଔᩰᣇᑼߩㆇ↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆၮᧄ⊛⠨߃ᣇ‫ޠ‬ႎ㆏⾗ᢱ㧘2000 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 31 ᣣ⊒⴫‫ޕ‬ㇷ᡽⋭㧔2000b㧕‫᧲ޟ‬ᣣᧄ㔚ା㔚⹤ᩣᑼળ␠෸߮⷏ᣣᧄ㔚ା㔚⹤ᩣᑼળ␠ߩឭଏߔࠆ․ቯ㔚᳇ㅢାᓎോߩၮ
Ḱᢱ㊄ᜰᢙߩ⸳ቯ‫ޠ‬ႎ㆏⾗ᢱ㧘2000 ᐕ 6 ᦬ 13 ᣣ⊒⴫‫ޕ‬㧙㧙ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ No.34㧔2006.9㧕

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