MODEL SH-88TR
ALL-PURPOSE MULTITESTER(With Current Control-Type Zero Center Function)

READ FIRST:
SAFETY INFORMATIONMEASURING RANGES AND PERFORMANCES
Kind ofMeasurement

WARNING

SPECIAL FEATURES● Broadened Ranges with Additional Functions:With the adoption of a 22-channel switch and the inclusion of additional
functions, this tester provides a broad and powerful 35 ranges in aII.
1. Can be Used as ±DCV Zero Center Meter (NULL)
2. Usable as Capacitor Capacity Checker
3. Judges Continuity with Light and Indicates it with LED
4. Equipped with OUTPUT Terminals(Series Capacitor Terminals)
5. Safety-Emphasis Measuring Terminals and Test Leads
are Adopted
6. Double Protection Device● Additional Measuring Functions with Use of Optional

Accessories
1. As Transistor Checker:
lf transistor hFE connector (HFE-6T) is attached, the unit can be used
as a transistor checker that can measure hFE from 0 to 1000.
2. As DC High Voltage Meter:
With the attachment of high-voltage probe (HV-10), the tester can bemeasure TV and other direct-current high voltages from 0 to 25 kV.

To ensure that the meter is used safely, follow all safety and operating
instruction.
1. Never use meter on the electric circuit that exceed 6 kVA.
2. Pay special attention when measuring the voltage of AC 33 Vrms
(46.7 V peak) or DC 70 V or more to avoid injury.
3. Never apply an input signals exceeding the maximum rating
input value.
4. Never use meter for measuring the line connected with equipment (i.e. motors) that generates induced or surge voltage since
it may exceed the maximum allowable voltage.
5. Never use meter if the meter or test leads are damaged or broken.
6. Never use uncased meter.
7. Be sure to use a fuse of the specified rating or type. Never use
a substitute of the fuse or never make a short circuit of the fuse.
8. Always keep your fingers behind the finger guards on the probe
when making measurements.
9. Never apply voltage to the current terminal. If voltage is applied tothe terminal, the meter occurs short-circuit.
10.Be sure to disconnect the test pins from the circuit when changing
the function or range.
11.Before starting measurement, make sure that the function andrange are properly set in accordance with the measurement.
12.Never use meter with wet hands or in a damp environment.
13.Never use test leads other than the specified test leads.
14.Never open tester case except when replacing batteries or fuses.
Do not attempt any alteration of original specifications.
15.To ensure safety and maintain accuracy, calibrate and check thetester at least once a year.
16.Indoor use.

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making other measurements impossible.
3. Select Correct Measuring Range:
By using the range selector switch, select the right range that suits
the object to be measured. When measuring anything whose approximate value level is unknown, begin with the largest range and thenswitch gradually to the most appropriate range (the range nearest to
the value of the object measured). Particularly when high-powercommercail AC voltages (more than 100 V ) are measured, it is important to take enough care in this respect.
4. Take Good Care for Keeping:
Do not leave the unit for a long time in places where it is exposed toshocks, vibrations, direct sunray, high temperature and humidity.
5. Take Care of the Indicator Protective Cover:Do not rub the surface of the indicator cover strongly with dry cloth, forinstance. This cover is coated with antistatic liquid. lf the antistatic effect weakens after many years of use, it is recommended as stop-gap
measure to wipe the cover surface with cloth wetted with water solution of a detergent containing antistatic agent.

● lndicator Scale Dial

Descriptions of Scales and Other Parts① Resistance (Ω) scale............................................. BIue color② Scale for DC voltage and current (DCV, DCmA)
and AC voltage (ACV) above 12 V .........................Black color③ Scale for center zero meter, DC voltage (±DCV) .. Blue color④ Capacitor (C) scale...................................................Red color⑤ Independent scale for AC voltage 3 V (AC 3 V) ..... Black color⑥ Scale for transistor DC current
amplification factor (hFE ) ..................................... Blue color⑦ Scale for lnter-Terminal current (LI) ...................... Black color⑧ Scale for DC high voltage (DC 25 kV) and
DC 50 µA current ................................................. Black color⑨ Decibel (dB) scale .................................................. Red color⑩ Internal resistances of voltage ranges⑪ Mirror...............The purpose of this mirror is to help read theindications correctly by aligning the needle
seen directly by the eye with the needle reflected in the mirror.

-5-● Measurement of DC Current (DCmA)
1. Ranges of Use: DCmA 50 µA−3 mA−30 mA−0.3 A
2. Measuring Terminals:+ and −COM. As a rule, insert the red lead into the + terminal andthe black lead into the −COM terminal.
3. lndicator Scale:
Use black scale ② ... DCV, A & ACV. The scale is from 0 to 30 and theunits are mA and A. In 30 mA range read the indications directly, whilein other ranges make necessary conversions to obtain true values.
For 50 µA only, use black scale ⑧ ... 50 µA (x 2 µA) Read graduations 0
to 25 by doubling them into 0 to 50 µA.
Caution:When measuring current, be sure to make the connection in series via
load. Also avoid absolutely applying any voltage.

Power

Power

Good measuring method

Load

Load

Bad measuring method● Measurement of AC Voltage (ACV)
1. Ranges of Use: ACV 3 V−12 V−30 V−120 V−300 V−1200 V
2. Measuring Terminals: ＋ and − COM
3. lndicator Scale:
Use black scale ②... DCV, A & ACV. There are two kinds of ranges, 0 to
30 and 0 to 120, and the unit is V. ln 30 V and 120 V ranges read theindications directly, while in other ranges make necessary conversions
to obtain true values (but above 12 V). For 3 V only, use black scale ⑤(AC 3 V) on which the graduations can be read directly.
4. Turn the range selector switch to the requried ACV range.

-9-● Measurement of Capacitor Capacity (C)1. Ranges of Use: x 1000 µF, x 100 µF, x 10 µF, x 1 µF
2. Measuring Terminals: + and − COM
3. lndicator Scale:Use red-colored scale ④ ... C (µF). The scale is from 0 to 1000 to ∞ andthe unit is µF. ln x1 µF range only read the indication directly, while inx 10 µF range multiply the reading by 10, in x100 µF range multiply thereading by 100 and in x1000 µF range multiply it by 1000 to obtain true
values.
4. Make full scale adjustment for each range as the measurement ofcapacitors also uses the resistance measuring range. (See the section for the measurement of resistance.)ln other words, short-circuit the + and − COM terminals before measuring, and align the needle to ∞ position on the extreme right of thescale by 0 Ω ADJ.
5. Connect the capacitor Cx to be measured to the + and − COM terminals.
At this time, take care of the polarity of Cx. Make sure that − COMterminal of the unit is connected tothe positive terminals of Cx, as shown in Fig. 6. When there is fear thatCx may be charged, short-circuit both ends of Cx and discharge it before
doing the measurement.
6. By the charging current flowing
to Cx, the needle swings in the
full- scale direction. But at a certain point, it begins to return toward zero. The value of Cx is thishighest point indicated by theneedle. (When the value of Cx islarge, the swing of the needle
is large and when the value is small, the swing is also small.)
7. lf a capacitor measured once has to be measured again, discharge
it before making the connection.
Electric double layer capacitor can not be measured.
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Accuracy

Remarks

DC voltage(DCV)

DC voltage( ±D C V )±0­- 6 V­- 15 V-­6 0 V-­1 50 V-­6 00 V

±5 %of max.
graduation

DC current(DCmA)

0-­5 0 µA-­3 mA-­3 0 mA-­0 .3 A
(50 µA is common with DC 0.12 V range)±2.5 % of max. Terminal voltage drop :300 mV
graduation

AC voltage(ACV)0­- 3 V-­1 2 V-­3 0 V-120 V-­3 00 V-1200 V
30 Hz~100 kHz ±1 dB
Below 30 V
40 Hz~ 30 kHz ±3 %±3 % of max.
Internal resistancegraduation,
9 kΩ/V±5 % for 3 V only

Capacity (C)Range Indication
x1000 µF
x100 µF
x10 µFx1 µF

approximate
value

｝

Min. value
1000 µF
100 µF
10 µF
1 µF

Max. value
1F
0.1 F
0.01 F
1000 µF

Zero center meter typeInternal resistance :40 kΩ/V

Indicates max.
deflection bycharging current C

Same as ACV Same as ACV

Range
Indicationx1
x10
x100 x1 k x10 k
Resistance (Ω)
Max. value 3 kΩ 30 kΩ 300 kΩ 3 MΩ 30 MΩ
Inside battery :with±3 % of scale
Central value 20 Ω 200 Ω 2 kΩ 20 kΩ 200 kΩ
R6 (1.5 V) x 2
Continuity
lengthMin. value 0.2 Ω
2Ω
20 Ω 200 Ω 2 kΩ
6F22 (9 V ) x 1
Indication
Continuity indication LED: In x1 range(Lights below 10)① Indicator zero adjuster② Indicator needle③ Indicator scale dial
④ Continuity indicating⑦ ＋ Measuring terminal⑧ −COM measuring terminal(common for negative)⑨ Series capacitor terminal(OUTPUT) 0.047 µF/400 V⑩ Polarity Changeover switch(Center zero changeoverswitch)⑪ Panel⑫ Rear caseLED, (CONTINUITY)⑤ Range selector switch⑥ Combination zero ohm
adjuster (0 Ω ADJ) andcenter zero needle
adjuster

Leakage
Current(I CEO) LI

0-­150 µA . . . . . . . x1 kΩ range0­- 1.5 mA . . . . . . . x100 Ω range0­- 15 mA . . . . . . . . x10 Ω range
0-150 mA . . . . . . .
x1 Ω range

The current that flows±5 % of scale between + and -­ COM
terminals during
lengthmeasurement

DC Currant
Amplification
Factor (h FE )Transistor h FE : 0 ~ 1000 (in x 10 range)

Optional h FE
±3 % of scaleconnector must be
lengthused•Accuracy Assurance Temperature / Humidity Range:
23±2 ˚C 75 %RH max, No condensation•Operating Temperature / Humidity Range:
0~43 ˚C 80 %RH max, No condensation•Dimensions and Mass: 150 mm x 100 mm x 36 mm, about 280 g•Accessories:
One spare fuse Ø 5 x 20 (0.5 A / 250 V)
contained inside the tester, one pair of test
leads, and an instruction manual•Optional accessories: hFE connector (HFE-6T), high-voltage probe(HV-10), and carrying case-3-

HOW TO USE THIS TESTER

1. Check Zero Position of Indicator:
When the indicator needle is not above the zero line on the extreme leftof the scale, align it to zero line by turning the zero adjuster in the panel
center.
2. Check Position of Changeover Switch:
Use the polarity changeover switch of this unit only for ±DCV (centerzero meter) measurement. All other measurements are made with thisswitch turned to Ω, AC,+DC. If the switch is left turned to the center zero
NULL(
) side, the indicator needle keeps pointing to the meter center,

Measuring Ranges

0­-0.12 V-­3 V-­12 V­-30 V-­120 V-300 V-­1200 V± 2.5 % of max.
Internal resistance :-(25 kV)
graduation
To measure 25 kV, optional HV prove must
20 kΩ/V(below 1200 V)
be used.

Low-10 dB ~ +11 dB (AC 3 V range) ~ +63 dB(dB)Frequency
0 dB=0.775 V(1 mW), 600 Ω-impedance circuit-2-● Cautions in Using This Tester

Fig. 3

APPEARANCE AND PARTS NAMES-4-● Measurement of DC Voltage (DCV)● Measurement of ±DC Voltage (±DCV )1. Range of Use:
DCV 0.12 V−3 V−12 V−30 V−120 V−300 V−1200 V
2. MeasuringTerminals:+ and −COM. As a rule, insert the red lead into the + terminal and theblack lead into the −COM terminal.
3. lndicator Scale:
Use black-colored scale ② . There are two kinds of scales, 0 to 30 and 0
to 120, and the units are V. In 30 V and 120 V ranges read the indications
directly, while in other ranges make necessary conversions to obtaintrue values.
4. Turn the range selector switch to the required DCV range. Normally fix
the black negative test rod to negative potential point ( ground line ) andconnect the red positive rod to the test point to be measured. Take
good care about polarity when measuring voltage drop between
the two ends of resistor, negative oscillator circuit voltage, and transistor circuit voltage.
5. When measuring high voltages used in TV, connect the optional HVprobe as shown in Fig. 1.

Usage as Center Zero Null Meter
1. Range of Use: DCV ±6 V−15 V−60 V−150 V−600 V
2. Measuring Terminals:＋and −COM. The same instructions as those for measuring DCV apply.
3. Indicator Scale:
Use blue scale ③... ±DC. There are two kinds of scales, 0 to ± 6 V and 0 to
±15 V, and the unit is V. In ±6 V and ±15 V ranges read the indications directly,
while in other ranges make necessary conversions to obtain true values.
4. Turn the range selector switch to the necessary range between ± 6 V
and ± 600 V.
5. Turn the polarity changeover switch to the position of. As theindicator needle moves toward the center immediately, align it to 0 line
on scale ③ using the zero center needle adjuster.

Fig. 1 HV Probe
Read graduations 0 to 25
directly in kV units onblack scale ⑧ ... DC 25 kV

Fig. 2

6. FoIIowing the above instructions, use the unit as null meter to measure ±DCV.
7. After the completion of measurement, do not forget to return thepolarity changeover switch to Ω · AC · +DC.
Caution:As a rule, use the center zero null meter in the designated ±DCV
range only.
If the needle fails to reach the center zero line after ZERO ADJ knob isturned, replace the 9 V battery contained inside.

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-7-

-8-

5. Cautions in Measuring HighVoltages of more than 200 V:(a) Check that the range selector switch is turned correctly to AC 300 V
and that the test leads are connected as mentioned in 2.
(b) Before connecting the tester, turn off the power switch of the power
circuit to be measured. After connection, turn on the switch and do
the measurement.
(c) Do not touch the wires and tester during measurement. After thecompletion of measurement, turn off the power switch before
disconnecting the tester.

Examples:• Detection of horizontal signals in horizontal amplification circuits.
• Detection of any input signal in sync. separation and sync.
amplification circuits.

6. Continuity Check with LED:
When measurement is made in x1 range, if the measured resistancevalue is less than around 10 Ω, continuity indication LED to the top rightof the dial lights up. (The brightness varies depending on the resistancevalue.) This LED indication is very convenient for simple continuity andbroken wire tests as it responds faster than the needle and it shows theresult visually and quietly without the buzzer noise.
NOTE● Polarity of Tester Terminals when Resistance is Measured
As shown in Fig. 5, when measureFig. 5
ment is made in ohm range, the normally + terminal becomes the negative terminal and the normally − terminal the positive terminal.
This is because the negative pole ofthe inside battery is connected tothe positive terminal of the tester.
Keeping this relation in mind helps when measuring polar resistancessuch as those of transistors and diodes (junction semiconductor) andwhen testing the leakage of electrolytic capacitors.

● Measurement of Low-Frequency Output (dB)
1. Ranges of Use: −10 ~+11~+63 dB, 6 ranges
2. The way of measurement is same as that in ACV.
3. The scale ⑨ is graduated in correspondence with AC 3 V range and only
output in 600 Ω impedance circuit can be read directly in dB value. (0dB= 1 mW = 0.775 V )4. For 12 V range or higher, obtain true value after adding “ADD dB value”
in the following table to indicated value.
ACV range
ADD dB value
MAX dB value

3V011 dB12 V
12
23 dB30 V
20
31 dB120 V
32
43 dB

300 V
40
51 dB● Resistance (Ω, kΩ, MΩ)

1. Ranges of Use: x1, x10, x100, x1 k, x10 k (0.2 Ω~30 MΩ)
2. Measuring Terminals: +and − COM
3. lndicator Scale:
Use blue scale ① ... Ω. lt has graduations from 0 to 3 k and the unit is Ω. In
x1 range read the graduations directly, in x1 kΩ range also read the indications directly but in kΩ units, while in other ranges amplify the readings by
the raspective multiples to obtain true values.
Fig. 41200 V52
63 dB

Example: lf+7 dB value is obtained in 12 V range, add 12 of ADD dB
value of 12 V range to it. True value is +7 +12 = +19 dB.

0 Ω adjustment
Measurementof resistance● About Inter-Terminal Current LI

resistor(Including Measurement of Low-Frequency Output)
1. The method of measurement is the same as in the case of ACV. However, connect the + test lead to the OUTPUT terminaI with capacitor
0.047 µF/400 V. (OUTPUT and − COM terminals are used.)
2. This measurement can be used when it is necessary to cut DC
voltage and measure AC signals only in TV, audio and other circuits
where DC and AC are used mixedly and when the existence ofvarious signals in TV circuits have to be determined.

4. Zero Ohm Adjustment (0 Ω ADJ):
Before using the unit, short-circuit the + and − COM terminals as shownin Fig. 4 A and align the indicator needle to 0 Ω line using the zero ohm
adjuster. (This operation is also called ''FuII scale adjustment.'') Thisadjustment should be completed before beginning measurement.
lf this adjustment is made each time the range has been changed, correct measurements can be explected.
5. When measuring resistance in circuits, be sure to turn off the powerswitch in advance. Particularly, take care not to apply any voltage to x1
and x10 ranges.

- 10 -- 11 -● Measurement of ACV with OUTPUT Terminals

MECHANISM OF CAPACITY
MEASUREMENT BY THIS TESTER1

I=Imax e  CR T
Imax= ER
E=Inside battery voltage (V DC)
R=Inside resistance of the device
Cx=Capacitor (µF)

1. When Cx is connected between measuring terminals T1 and T2.
lmax, equivalent to E/R, flows at first as charging current I. (Imax isthe same as the current that flows when T1 and T2 are shortened.)
At this time the meter indication rises as lmax gives rotating power
to the needle. (See the locus 0-p in the figure) But T minutes later,
charging current I begins to drop because of Cx in a relation that is ex1
pressed by I=max e  CR T
Locus for the charging current is MP. Tm is the time (in sec.) needed forreaching full scale.
2 . Affected by the charging current I continuing to drop, the meter
indication which has been rising from 0 to P turns downward atpoint P, heading in the direction of original point 0. (The thick line
represents the locus of meter response.) lf Cx = 0 Ω, the indication
keeps dropping and reaches full scale Tm seconds later.
3. The position of point P is proportional to the size of Cx. Therefore, if
points C that vary with Cx are marked
in capacity values on the scale, Cx canbe measured from the position where
the meter turns downward.

- 14 -

Ll scale is graduated to measure the value of the current that flows
between the + and − COM terminals during resistance measurement.
(See Fig. 5) ln some objects measured, the resistance varies dependingon the current that flows across themMax. terminal
SwitchMax. current
inter-terminal
and the voltage that is applied to position
consumption
voltagethem. Also abnormal condition can
×1
150 mA3V
occur because of self heating. There- ×10
15 mA
3V
1.5 mA
3V
fore, the user must understand this ×100
150 μA
3V
relation well for each Ω range before ×1 k
×10 k
(60 μA)
12 V
doing the measurement.
The brackets mean the graduations needconversion.

- 12 -● Replacement of Battery

1. When it becomes impossible to make zero ohm adjustment in x1 Ωrange, the 1.5 V (R6) batteries contained inside have been exhausted. In
this case, replace the batteries with two new ones.
2 . When it becomes impossible to make zero ohm adjustment in
x10 kΩ range only, replace the 9 V (6F22) battery with new one.
3. When replacing battery, loosen the 4 Ø x12 screw on the rear case,remove the case, and insert the new batteries correctly with the rightpolarity as shown in Fig. 8.

range. Therefore, make full scale adjustment (0 Ω adjustment)of the indicator needle before doing the measurement. Just as
before measuring resistance, turn the range to x10 Ω, short circuit
the + and −COM terminals and align the needle to 0 Ω line with 0 Ω
ADJ.

● Measurement of hFE(DC Current Amplification Factor)
1. Connection Diagram
Fig. 10● Replacement of Fuse

1. Should a voltage higher than AC
100 V be applied to the tester byaccident while the range is leftturned to some current ranges, particularly 0.3 A range, or ohm x1
and x10 ranges, the inside fuseburns out.
2. When the fuse has burned out,
the unit does not function. So replace it with the spare fuse (Ø 5x20mm, 0.5 A/250 V) which is positioned as shown in Fig. 8.

BATTERYBATTERY(6F22)
(R6)
SPARE
9V
1.5 V
FUSE

FUSE

Fig. 8MEASUREMENT OF TRANSISTORS(USE AS TRANSISTOR CHECKER)
With the attachment of the hFE connector (HFE-6T), this unit canmeasure the DC current amplification factor hFE (lC / lB) of transistors in the 0 to 1000 range.

2. Then depending on the polarity of the transistor to be tested, insert
the probe jack into the black lead if it is NPN transistor and into the redlead if it is PNP transistor.
3. There are two lead lines each with an alligator clip at the end.
Connect the black clip to the base terminal of the transistor and thered clip to the collector terminal.
4. Then connect the test lead (the red lead if the transistor is NPN and theblack lead if PNP) to the emitter terminal of the transistor to be tested.
With this connection, the tester needle responds, indicating the IC/IB(hFE) value on the blue hFE scale ⑥ .

● Testing of LED-Light Emitting Diode(Application of Ohm Range)

Indication of IF① Probe jack
② Transistor collector terminal
connecting clip
③ Transistor base terminal
connecting cIip
● Preparations before Measurement
To measure transistors, this unit uses the resistance m easuri ng

Fig. 11After making the connection as shown in Fig. 11, measure in x1 Ω or x10 Ω
ranges. When the LED is energized, it lights. The value of the current at thistime, or lF, is indicated simultaneously on the LI scale of the unit.

- 15 -- 16 -

Fig. 9DRAWING No. SH88TR 17-1811 2040 2040