荷電粒子ビーム環境における超伝導遷移端
X線検出器の性能評価

竜野

秀行 (KEK / NIST)

頭脳循環プロジェクト「超伝導検出器の原子核実験への応用」

High-resolution Exotic Atom x-ray spectroscopy
with Transition-Edge Sensors
KEK測定器開発セミナー 2015年9月30日
1

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Contents
1. Introduction
2. (X-ray) Transition Edge Sensor
3. Test experiment at PSI
4. Analysis
5. Summary and Outlook

2

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Introduction

3

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Exotic atom spectroscopy
・QED test (µ-atoms)
・CPT symmetry (H, p-He)
・Proton radius (µ-H)
・Mass (p,π-,K-)・Strong force (p,π-,K-)

p

K−

u
ud

us

strong force with strangeness4

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

a reference to this result are given, where NLO stands for next-to-leading order, NNLO
to-leading-order of perturbation theory, “resum” stands for resummend NLO calculations
NLO plus resummation of all leading und next-to-leading logarithms to all orders (seeand “LGT” indicates lattice gauge theory.

“強い力の漸近的自由性”

高エネルギーで強い相互作用は弱くなる

低エネルギーでは相互作用が強くなり計算は難しい
エキゾチック原子はほぼ静止系での強い相互作用を研究できる→ 低エネルギーQCDの理解
S. Bethke / Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 58 (2007) 351–386
5

KEK測定器開発セミナー
Summary of measurements of αs (Q) as a function of the respective energy scale Q,H.Tatsuno@20150930
fromKaonic atoms
Coulomb capture
beam
stop

K−

・~103 times reduced masse−・keV order energy levels
・highly excited statesn*~30 for 4He

Nucleus

n

ne

mK
me

mK* reduced kaon massme = 0.511 MeV
mK = 493.7 MeVm↵ = 3727.4 MeV
6

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Kaonic atoms
X-ray
Auger

Cascade down(de-excitation)
・Auger & radiativeK−・nuclear absorption

Nucleus・time scale ~ psStrong interaction
Coulomb+
StrongCoulomb only

X-ray
detector・shift and width

ΔE: shift
Γ: width7

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

KN Interaction
Γ1s ~ 500 eV
ΔE1s ~ 300 eVK−pDeser-Truemanの式

E1s + iM.Bazzi et al., Phys. Lett.
B 704, 113 (2012)

Kaonic Hydrogen

1s

2

3 2

= 2↵ µ aK p

scattering length

T. Yamazaki, Y. Akaishi / Physics Letters B 535 (2002) 70–76

Λ(1405)esn-de

3 quarks (uds)?
meson - baryon?

high
8

r
e
t
t
ma

2 H and 3 H for K− p, K− pp and K− ppn systems, respectively. T
Fig. 1. Calculated !
KN and !
K-nucleus potentials and bound levels: !(1405),
H.Tatsuno@20150930
KEK測定器開発セミナー
!
!
K

K

K-nucleus Interaction
K−
K− pp

3He

K− ppnK-nucleus cluster

K−
K-nucleus potential

radius

4He

Kaonic Helium

atomic stateshallow
nuclear bound state?
deep

Theories: two approaches

1. Phenomenological approach ‘deep potential’
2. Chiral unitary model

open
question!

‘shallow potential’

1. C.J. Batty, E. Friedman, and A. Gal, Phys. Rep. 287, 385 (1997)
2. S. Hirenzaki, Y. Okumura, H. Toki, E. Oset, A. Ramos, Phys. Rev. C 61, 055205 (2000)

9

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

K-He Strong Interaction Shift (Theory)

A recent theoretical
calculation

J. Yamagata-Sekihara and S. Hirenzaki :— Strong-interaction Shift & Width calc.
E. Hiyama :— Charge-density dist calc. for 4He&3He

deep

shallow

Phenomenological

Chiral unitary

Vopt(r=0) ~ - (180 + 73i) MeV

Vopt(r=0) ~ - (40 + 55i) MeV

K-4He 3d-2p (6.4 keV)

-0.41 eV

-0.09 eV

K-3He 3d-2p (6.2 keV)

0.23 eV

Isotope shift (K-4He - K-3He)-0.64 eV

two typical models :[Pheno.] Mares, Friedman, Gal, NPA770(06)84[Chiral] Ramos, Oset, NPA671(00)481

m
i
l
e
r
p

y
r
a
n
i

-0.10 eV
0.01 eV
Width : 2 ~ 4 eV

10

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

K-He Strong Interaction Shift (Theory)

A recent theoretical
calculation

J. Yamagata-Sekihara and S. Hirenzaki :— Strong-interaction Shift & Width calc.
E. Hiyama :— Charge-density dist calc. for 4He&3He

deep

shallow

Phenomenological

Chiral unitary

Vopt(r=0) ~ - (180 + 73i) MeV

Vopt(r=0) ~ - (40 + 55i) MeV

K-4He 3d-2p (6.4 keV)

-0.41 eV

-0.09 eV

K-3He 3d-2p (6.2 keV)

0.23 eV

Isotope shift (K-4He - K-3He)-0.64 eV

two typical models :[Pheno.] Mares, Friedman, Gal, NPA770(06)84[Chiral] Ramos, Oset, NPA671(00)481

m
i
l
e
r
p

y
r
a
n
i

Dominant systematic uncertainty (~0.15 eV)
due to kaon-mass uncertainty will be cancelled.
11-0.10 eV
0.01 eV
Width : 2 ~ 4 eV

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

K-He Strong Interaction Shift

ΔE2p2p[eV]
Level Shift [eV]

Detector: SDD
20: K--4He: K --3He

10

0

-10

E1
@KEK-PS(Japan)E2

E3@DAΦNE(Italy)

20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11

-20

2. . .
1
20

Publication year

S.Okada et al., Phys. Lett. B 653, 387 (2007)
M.Bazzi et al., Phys. Lett. B 681, 310 (2009)
M.Bazzi et al., Phys. Lett. B 697, 199 (2011)12

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

K-He Strong Interaction Shift
SDD ±2 eV

10

0

-10

E1
@KEK-PS(Japan)E2

E3@DAΦNE(Italy)

20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11

-20

2. . .
1
20

Publication year

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
−0.5
−1

ary

: K--4He: K --3He

Chiral

prel
imin

20

Isotop shift (K4He - K3He) [eV]ΔE2p2p[eV]
Level Shift [eV]

Detector: SDD

Phen

−1.5
−2

S.Okada et al., Phys. Lett. B 653, 387 (2007)
M.Bazzi et al., Phys. Lett. B 681, 310 (2009)
M.Bazzi et al., Phys. Lett. B 697, 199 (2011)13

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

K-He Strong Interaction Shift
SDD ±2 eV

10

0

-10

E1
@KEK-PS(Japan)E2

E3@DAΦNE(Italy)

20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11

-20

2. . .
1
20

Publication year

S.Okada et al., Phys. Lett. B 653, 387 (2007)
M.Bazzi et al., Phys. Lett. B 681, 310 (2009)
M.Bazzi et al., Phys. Lett. B 697, 199 (2011)

2
1.5
1
0.5

TES
±0.2 eV Chiralary: K--4He: K --3He

0

prel
imin

20

Isotop shift (K4He - K3He) [eV]ΔE2p2p[eV]
Level Shift [eV]

Detector: SDD

−0.5

Goal

−1

J-PARC E62

Phen

−1.5
−2

New measurement technique !
14

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Transition Edge Sensor

15

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

TES and electro-thermal feedback Width of transition edge
d log R

Heat capacity : C∆E~ pJ/K

Thermal conductance : G

(b)

T2

~ nW/KRsh LTESTES T1
R0
R
0
C1

(J

bias point
R0/RN~0.2

E = 2.355

R0/Rn

G2

normalnormalconducting
conducting
sate
state

r

~ 100 mK Temperature

Tr

C
kB
T 2 C / NIST--> developed by
Stanfordatthebeginning
E
/

C2

SQUID
Readout
SQUID

supersuperconducting
conducting
sate
state

0

LowAbsorbertemperature heat sink

Ib

RN

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 09311
En

T

Absorber(a)Resistance

X-ray energy : E

Thermometer

↵
=
ΔE~
a
few
mK
ΔT
a few mKd log T

The

↵

max

↵

τrise~L/(Rsh+R0)∝E/C

τfall~C/G

G1
16

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

Out M

Feedback M

columnFeedback 2

Out 2

Out 1

Feedback 1

K.D. Irwin and G.C. Hilton, Cryogenic Particle Detection

SQUID
Bias

Boxcar Modulation
Functions

8 columns
30 rows

Detector
Bias
RSH

I1(t)

row

TES

RSH

TES

RSH

trow=320ns

TES

I1(t)

I2(t)

time

RA

RA

RA

RSH TESRSH TESRSH TES

RA

RA

RA

RSH TESRSH TESRSH TES

RA

RA

RA

tflame=9.6μs

I2(t)

IN(t)

time

1ch

IN(t)
time

SQUID noise √Nelectrical cross talk in a column

9.6μs

21: Two-dimensional multiplexing of row
a TES array with a time-division SQUID MUX. A common
bias current is applied to all of the TESs in series. Each TES is wired in parallel with its own
esistor, RSH . Boxcar functions turn on one row of SQUID switches
17at a time. The outputs of all
witches in a column are inductively summed into one output SQUID. A final series-array SQUID

time

NIST
TES
systemTES Spectrometer
J.N. Ullom et al., Synchrotron Radiation News, Vol. 27, 24 (2014)

Au coated Si collimator

1cm

Photo credit : J. Uhlig

Bi + TES

Cryostat‣ NIST designed cryostat
・Pulse
tube
3K)
+ ADR
(1K, 50mK)‣ Pulsetube (50K,(60K,3K)+ ADR(1K, 50mK)‣ ADR hold time: > 1 day
・Temp regulation (75mK) hold time 36 hours‣ Manufactured by High Precision Devices, Inc.
http://www.hpd-online.com/102_cryostat.php
・Manufactured
by HPD, designed at NIST

33 cm

Detector snout‣
TES array‣ 240 pixel Mo-Cu bilayer TES
・24030pixel
Mo-Cudivision
bilayer
TES
ch TDM(timemultiplexing)
readout‣ 1 pixel: 300
320 um・4-µm
thick
Bix absorber→ 85% efficiency at 6 keV‣ 4 um Bi absorber → efficiency ~0.85@6 keV, ~0.4@10
keV
2・pixel area:
8 305 µm x 320 µm → total 23mm

T. Hashimoto@HYP2015

18

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

NbTi magnet coil
(9A, 4T)

salt pills

1K and 50mK stages

FAA
GGG
GGG

Gadolinium-Gallium Garnet~600mK
19

FerricAmmonium Alum
~40mKExperiment

20

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

pulse of a pixel. The recorded number of samples is 1024 (=9.83 ms), the first 256 sam
are pre-trigger data to define the baseline. In Fig.5, the baseline is already subtrac
The rise time is ∼200 µsec, and the decay time is ∼600 µsec.

Microcalorimeters
nce
Degraderπ-/K- beam

TargetER, J.W. FOWLER, G.C. HILTON,of cryogenic
e supercona thin metal
QE\DYROWperature and
RLQJFXUUHQWKHWKLQ¿OP
mposed of aHI¿FLHQFLHV
example ofeasure enerHVROXWLRQRISRZHUÀXFas by addilement. Theo (kbT2C)1/2
DW7KHWHPDWH7(6VDW
\SLFDOO\
dence of 6E
correspond-

HVROXWLRQ RI
FDORULPHWHUV
gnetic therHPRQVWUDWHG
WHM) at 1.5
resolution is
RYHUODSVEXW

slow down

scattered charged
particles〜〜

AND D.R. SCHMIDT
er, Colorado, USA

6cm

TES current (abr.)

How to measure?

-2

2

0

Time [ms]46NIST designed 240-pixel TES array(Mo-Cu bilayer, 4 μm Bi absorber)

Figure 5: A typical recorded pulse of the TES with the time division multiplexing c
1 pixel 320um x 300um, total ~23 mm2Photos by D.R. Schmidt (NIST)

8 x 30 ch TDM chips

Figure 1: Photograph showing a 240 pixel NIST TES X-ray array designed
for photon energies up to 10 keV. The active regions of the pixels are lightgrey. Each pixel consists of a bilayer of thin molybdenum and copper films
with an additional capping bismuth layer to increase X-ray absorption. On- ∗chip wiring carries the pixel signals to contact pads at the edges of the chip. GGG: Gadolinium-Gallium Garnet, and FAA: Ferric-Ammonium AlumA gold-coated collimator is also shown, which will be attached to the detector chip later. The collimator is resting on a U.S. penny included for scale.

9

arrays for all these applications share a common read-out technology:
PXOWLSOH[LQJ ZLWK 6XSHUFRQGXFWLQJ 4XDQWXP ,QWHUIHUHQFH 'HYLFHV
648,'V 648,'VDUHWKLQ¿OPFLUFXLWVWKDWFDQDFWDVKLJKO\VHQVLWLYH DPPHWHUV WR PHDVXUH WKH FXUUHQW SXOVHV IURP7(6 GHWHFWRUV >@
SQUIDs are now combined into increasingly complex superconducting
integrated circuits that compress the signals from multiple sensors intoa smaller number of read-out channels using time-, frequency-, or codeGLYLVLRQ PXOWLSOH[LQJ WHFKQLTXHV 648,' PXOWLSOH[LQJ KDV HQDEOHG

21

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

pulse of a pixel. The recorded number of samples is 1024 (=9.83 ms), the first 256 sam
are pre-trigger data to define the baseline. In Fig.5, the baseline is already subtrac
The rise time is ∼200 µsec, and the decay time is ∼600 µsec.

Microcalorimeters
nce
Degraderπ-/K- beam

TargetER, J.W. FOWLER, G.C. HILTON,of cryogenic
e supercona thin metal
QE\DYROWperature and
RLQJFXUUHQWKHWKLQ¿OP
mposed of aHI¿FLHQFLHV
example ofeasure enerHVROXWLRQRISRZHUÀXFas by addilement. Theo (kbT2C)1/2
DW7KHWHPDWH7(6VDW
\SLFDOO\
dence of 6E
correspond-

HVROXWLRQ RI
FDORULPHWHUV
gnetic therHPRQVWUDWHG
WHM) at 1.5
resolution is
RYHUODSVEXW

slow down

scattered charged
particles〜〜

AND D.R. SCHMIDT
er, Colorado, USA

6cm

TES current (abr.)

How to measure?

-2

0

2

Time [ms]46NIST designed 240-pixel TES array(Mo-Cu bilayer, 4 μm Bi absorber)

Figure 5: A typical recorded pulse of the TES with the time division multiplexing c
1 pixel 320um x 300um, total ~23 mm2Photos by D.R. Schmidt (NIST)

8 x 30 ch TDM chips

Figure 1: Photograph showing a 240 pixel NIST TES X-ray array designed
for photon energies up to 10 keV. The active regions of the pixels are lightgrey. Each pixel consists of a bilayer of thin molybdenum and copper films
with an additional capping bismuth layer to increase X-ray absorption. On- ∗chip wiring carries the pixel signals to contact pads at the edges of the chip. GGG: Gadolinium-Gallium Garnet, and FAA: Ferric-Ammonium AlumA gold-coated collimator is also shown, which will be attached to the detector chip later. The collimator is resting on a U.S. penny included for scale.

Q1. Can the TES work in the charged-particle environment ?
Q2. How looks the X-ray pulse with charged particlehit?
9
Q3. Can achieve the 0.2 eV precision ?

arrays for all these applications share a common read-out technology:
PXOWLSOH[LQJ ZLWK 6XSHUFRQGXFWLQJ 4XDQWXP ,QWHUIHUHQFH 'HYLFHV
648,'V 648,'VDUHWKLQ¿OPFLUFXLWVWKDWFDQDFWDVKLJKO\VHQVLWLYH DPPHWHUV WR PHDVXUH WKH FXUUHQW SXOVHV IURP7(6 GHWHFWRUV >@
SQUIDs are now combined into increasingly complex superconducting
integrated circuits that compress the signals from multiple sensors intoa smaller number of read-out channels using time-, frequency-, or codeGLYLVLRQ PXOWLSOH[LQJ WHFKQLTXHV 648,' PXOWLSOH[LQJ KDV HQDEOHG

Test experiment at a pion beam line ofPaul Scherrer Institute (Switzerland)
22

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Feasibility test at the PSI πM1 beam line
✓ TES in-beam performance study✓ measured πC 4-3 transition x-rays ~6.4 keV✓ in-situ energy calibration (Cr and Co fluorescence)!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Overhead view

ADR cryostat
Lead shield

Beam intensity
monitorTES array

CarbontargetLeadcollimator

6cm

π beam~170 MeV/c
BC1

Carbonmoderator
BC2
BC3
23

BC4
X-ray tube

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Measurement at the πM1 beam line of PSI

24

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Measurement at the πM1 beam line of PSI
CryostatTargetBeam

Electronics

25

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

13300

Pulse Analysis
13280“Optimal filtering”
Average pulse

8000

Average pulse
1024 samples

0.8
0.6

6000

0.4
0.2

−1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

−0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

Lag [sample #]lag= -2
lag= -1
filtering
result2000

lag= 1
lag= 21000
0250Noise PSD

252

254

10− 2

Channel104

Frequency (Hz)+ autocorrelation

−0.00

8000

−0.01

7000

−0.03
3

4

5

6

7

Pulse Height

6000

−0.02

2

tmpraw
Entries
Mean
RMS

1024
339.5
65.2

13300
− 40

0.01

Time past trigger (ms)

264

13320
− 20

0

1

262

13340
0

0.02

0

260

13360
20

13280

−1

258

Sample #13380
40Filter to convolutewith data
Optimal Filter

−2

256

Raw pulse

13400

Pulse Height

103

102

2.0

3000

7

10− 3

1.5

4000

TimeNoisepast trigger (ms)

10− 1

−1.0

5000

0.0
−2

−1.5

320 ns x 30 ch=9.6 us7000

Pulse Height

Normalized pulse height

1.0

PSD (Counts2 / Hz)

−2.0

−2.0

−1.5
200

−1.0

−0.5
400

0.0

0.5
600

Lag [sample #]

1.0

1.5
800

2.0

1000

sample numberThis filtering is equivalent tofitting for pulse height and timing lag.

5000

9 400026 3000

T. Hashimoto@JPS 70th annual meeting

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Energy dependence of energy resolution

FWHM (2.355 σ) [eV]1412

▲ beam 2.8 MHz■ beam 1.45 MHz● beam off

10

CrKa

FeKa

CoKa
BrKa

8

SeKa
6
4

GaKa
CuKa

MnKa
6000

GeKa

AsKa

7000

8000
9000
Energy [eV]

27

10000

11000

12000

max.
dynamic
range~14 keVH.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Energy calibration lines

Ener
CrKα

CoKα

CrKβ

18000

CoKβ

104

πC 4-3
position

103

Figure 7: An x-ray ener
sured
tub
cubic with
spline an x-rayCoKβinterpolation
andCo calibration foils
dition. The CrCoKαKα , CrCrKβ
Co Kβ lines areeachfochused3
CrKαpixel
ibration. Lower-yield xkeV) andCu K (8.0 k
X-ray energy [eV] αspectively from surround
FeKα of the det
and Cu inside

FeKα

CuKα

17000
16000
15000
14000

102

13000

10
1

Counts / 1 eV

105

In-situ calibration using X-ray tu

Pulse height

Counts / 1 eV

Beam off

700

5

6

7

8
Energy [keV]

600

5500

CrKα

6000

6500

ch 3

7000

7500

120
100

CrKβ

500
80

FeKα (from stainless steal):
useful to verify the energy
calibration

400✓ ΔEFWHM ~ 5 eV (beam off)
at 6.4 keV
60

300

40

200

TES array, (b) the projection on the time axis, (c) the projection on t
selecting stopped-π − time gate indicatedin the time spectrum, and (d
28
20

100
0

5380 5390 5400 5410 5420 5430 5440

X-ray energy [eV]05910 5920 5930 5940 59

X-ray energy

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Analysis to achieve the 0.1 eV systematic uncertainty

1. low-E tail of response function
2. thermal crosstalk due to charged particle hits

29

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Counts / 1 eV

Co Kα1,2 peaks (beam off)

Co Kα calibration lines

20000

Co Kα118000

Red: simple fit with Voigt
profiles (Hölzer fit)

16000
14000

Co Kα212000

Hölzer et al., PRA 56 (1997) 4554

10000

FWHM 6.1 eV

8000
6000
4000

Fit line with
CoKa complex

2000
0
6840

6860

6880

6900

6920

6940

6960

6980 7000
Energy [eV]30

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Counts / 1 eV

Co Kα1,2 peaks (beam off)

Co Kα calibration lines

20000

Co Kα118000

Red: simple fit with Voigt
profiles (Hölzer fit)

16000
14000

Co Kα212000

Hölzer et al., PRA 56 (1997) 4554

10000

FWHM 6.1 eV

8000

Fit line with
CoKa complex

6000
4000
2000

Counts / 1 eV

0
6840

104

6860

6880

6900

6920

6940

6960

6980 7000
Energy [eV]Δ Energy -0.5 eV・Peak location shift = −0.5 eV

LE tail

103

Lorentzians

What creates the LE tail ?
Thermally evaporated Bi absorber

102

・Bi grains structure ?
・Heat trapping in lattice ?
6840

6860

6880

6900

6920

6940

6960

6980 7000
Energy [eV]31

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Counts / 1 eV

Empirical fit of low-energy tailCo Kα2104

exponential tailCo Kα1= convolution Exp*Gauss

fit line with
LE tail(16.7%)

103

LETail (E, , ) =
A exp

102

✓

E

E0

◆

Erfc

✓

E E0
p
+p
2
2

◆

with LE tail・<ΔEFWHM> = 5.2 eV・LE tail fraction = 16.7%

Fit residual

6840

6860

6880

6900

6920

6940

6960

6980 7000
Energy [eV]・LE tail slope β = 28.6 eV

800
600

Fit residual and ±3σ lines

w/o LE tail・Energy shift = −0.5 eV

400
200
0

・<ΔEFWHM> = 6.1 eV

− 200
− 400
− 600
− 800

6840

6860

6880

6900

6920

6940

6960

6980

7000
Energy [eV]32

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Energy dependence of the LE tail fraction
BrKa

0.3

AsKa
GeKa
GaKa

0.26

SeKa
w/o LE tail0.24

Peak shift

Low-energy tail fraction

0.28

0.22
0.2

CoKa

0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12

CuKa
E

FeKa
CrKa

・Peak location shiftaffects the E scale

MnKa
6000

7000

8000
9000
Energy [eV]

10000

33

11000

12000

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Energy dependence of the LE tail fraction
BrKa

0.3

Low-energy tail fraction

0.28

AsKa
GeKa
GaKa

0.26

SeKa

0.24

π-C 4-3

0.22
0.2
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12

CoKa

CuKa

7000

8000
9000
Energy [eV]

FeKa
CrKa
MnKa
6000

10000

11000

12000

Estimate the LE tail fraction for pionic atom X-rays→ reduce the systematic uncertainty
34

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Co Kα2

Co Kα1

10−2

LE tail

HE tail10−3beam off
beam 1.45 MHz
beam 2.8 MHz

10−4

10−5

6840

6860

6880

6900

6920

6940

6960

・What degrades ΔE ?

10・What causes the low-E

2.8 MHz9and high-E tails ?

8
7
6
5
4
3
−0.2

Co Kα calibrationlines (beam ON)

6980 7000
Energy [eV]1211

ΔEFWHM [eV]Normalized

10−1

1.45 MHz

Thermal crosstalk due tothe charged particle hits

beam off
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Charged particle hit rate Hz/pixel 35

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

C. JAYE, C.D. REINTSEMA, D.S. SWETZ, AND D.R. SCHMIDT

Downloaded by [University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries] at 11:37 27 July 2014

National Institute ofdueStandardsto
and Technology,
Boulder, Colorado,
USA
Thermal crosstalkchargedparticlehits
An important and fast-growing technology in the realm of cryogenic
detectors has recently been applied to beamline science: the superconducting Transition-Edge Sensor (TES). A TES consists of a thin metal¿OPWKDWLVKHOGLQWKHVXSHUFRQGXFWLQJWRQRUPDOWUDQVLWLRQE\DYROWage bias. When a single X-ray photon is absorbed, the temperature and
UHVLVWDQFHRIWKH¿OPLQFUHDVHZKLFKFDXVHVDQHJDWLYHJRLQJFXUUHQWSXOVHZLWKDPSOLWXGHSURSRUWLRQDOWRWKHGHSRVLWHGHQHUJ\7KHWKLQ¿OP
thermometer is typically coupled to a photon absorber composed of a
KLJKDWRPLFQXPEHUHOHPHQWVXFKDVELVPXWKRUJROGVRHI¿FLHQFLHVMn X-ray pulse
heightnear unity are possible for X-rays up to 10 keV. TESs are an example ofa broader class of sensors called microcalorimeters that measure enerJHWLFHYHQWVWKURXJKDFKDQJHLQWHPSHUDWXUH7KHHQHUJ\UHVROXWLRQRIDZHOOGHVLJQHGPLFURFDORULPHWHULVVHWE\WKHUPRG\QDPLFSRZHUÀXFtuations between the sensor and the local heat bath as well as by additional noise terms such as the Johnson noise in the sensing element. Theenergy resolution 6E of a microcalorimeter is proportional to (kbT2C)1/2
-2
where
-3
-1 T is the sensor
0 temperature1 and CLVLWVVSHFL¿FKHDW7KHWHP2
3
perature dependence of 6(PDNHVLWDGYDQWDJHRXVWRRSHUDWH7(6VDWWKHORZHVWWHPSHUDWXUHVWKDWFDQEHFRQYHQLHQWO\UHDFKHGW\SLFDOO\
K. For X-ray measurements between 1–10 keV, the dependence of 6E
on C limits the CRILQGLYLGXDOVHQVRUVWRDERXW–12 J/K, correspondLQJWRGHYLFHDUHDVQHDUPP2 [1].
0LFURFDORULPHWHUV KDYH WKH EHVW SURYHQ ;UD\ HQHUJ\ UHVROXWLRQ RI
DQ\HQHUJ\GLVSHUVLYHVHQVRUDQG7(6VOHDGDOORWKHUPLFURFDORULPHWHUV
(although microcalorimeters with semiconducting and magnetic therPRPHWHUVDOVRVKRZJRRGSHUIRUPDQFH 6LQJOH7(6VKDYHGHPRQVWUDWHG
energy resolutions of 0.9 eV full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) at 1.5
keV and 1.6 eV FWHM at 6 keV [2]. This quality of energy resolution is
VXI¿FLHQWQRWRQO\WRUHVROYHHVVHQWLDOO\DOOHOHPHQWDO;UD\RYHUODSVEXW
DOVRWRREVHUYHDZHDOWKRIFKHPLFDOGHWDLOLQ;UD\VSHFWUDA useful X-ray instrument must possess a satisfactory combination
-2
-3
-1
0
1
2
3
RIHQHUJ\UHVROXWLRQHI¿FLHQF\FROOHFWLQJDUHDDQGFRXQWUDWH$VGHTime[ms] DQG HI¿FLHQF\ RI7(6V DUH H[FHOOHQW$
VFULEHG DERYH
WKH UHVROXWLRQ
recent and important step forward is the demonstration of large collect36
LQJDUHDVIURPSL[HODWHG7(6DUUD\VOLNHWKHGHYLFHVKRZQLQ)LJXUH

4
2
-2

0

arrays for all these applications share a common read-out technolog
PXOWLSOH[LQJ ZLWK 6XSHUFRQGXFWLQJ 4XDQWXP ,QWHUIHUHQFH 'HYLF
648,'V 648,'VDUHWKLQ¿OPFLUFXLWVWKDWFDQDFWDVKLJKO\VHQV
WLYH DPPHWHUV WR PHDVXUH WKH FXUUHQW SXOVHV IURP7(6 GHWHFWRUV >
SQUIDs are now combined into increasingly complex superconductin
integrated circuits that compress the signals from multiple sensors ina smaller number of read-out channels using time-, frequency-, or cod
GLYLVLRQ PXOWLSOH[LQJ WHFKQLTXHV 648,' PXOWLSOH[LQJ KDV HQDEOHTES arrays of up to 10,000 sensors for sub-millimeter astrophysics an-402
XSWRVHQVRUVIRU;UD\VSHFWURVFRS\>@7KHDFWLYHDUHDRIWK-24ODUJHVWFXUUHQW7(6DUUD\VGHVLJQHGIRUNH9RSHUDWLRQLVPP
Position X [mm]7KHFRXQWUDWHRILQGLYLGXDO7(6VHQVRUVLVVHWE\WKHWLPHWRFRROEDF
WREDVHOLQHDIWHUWKHDEVRUSWLRQRIDSKRWRQ&RXQWUDWHVYDU\ZLWKVH

-4

zoom

Figure 1: Photograph showing a 240 pixel NIST TES X-ray array designefor photon energies up to 10 keV. The active regions of the pixels are lig
grey. Each pixel consists of a bilayer of thin molybdenum and copper filmwith an additional capping bismuth layer to increase X-ray absorption. O
chip wiring carries the pixel signals to contact pads at the edges of the chi
A gold-coated collimator is also shown, which will be attached to the dete
tor chip later. The collimator is resting on a U.S. penny included for scale.

Position Y [mm]TES current (abr.)

TES current (abr.)

Triggered pules (Mn X-rays + beam)

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

C. JAYE, C.D. REINTSEMA, D.S. SWETZ, AND D.R. SCHMIDT

Downloaded by [University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries] at 11:37 27 July 2014

National Institute ofdueStandardsto
and Technology,
Boulder, Colorado,
USA
Thermal crosstalkchargedparticlehits
An important and fast-growing technology in the realm of cryogenic
detectors has recently been applied to beamline science: the superconducting Transition-Edge Sensor (TES). A TES consists of a thin metal¿OPWKDWLVKHOGLQWKHVXSHUFRQGXFWLQJWRQRUPDOWUDQVLWLRQE\DYROWage bias. When a single X-ray photon is absorbed, the temperature and
UHVLVWDQFHRIWKH¿OPLQFUHDVHZKLFKFDXVHVDQHJDWLYHJRLQJFXUUHQWSXOVHZLWKDPSOLWXGHSURSRUWLRQDOWRWKHGHSRVLWHGHQHUJ\7KHWKLQ¿OP
thermometer is typically coupled to a photon absorber composed of a
KLJKDWRPLFQXPEHUHOHPHQWVXFKDVELVPXWKRUJROGVRHI¿FLHQFLHVnear unity are possible for X-rays up to 10 keV. TESs are an example ofa broader class of sensors called microcalorimeters that measure enerJHWLFHYHQWVWKURXJKDFKDQJHLQWHPSHUDWXUH7KHHQHUJ\UHVROXWLRQRIDZHOOGHVLJQHGPLFURFDORULPHWHULVVHWE\WKHUPRG\QDPLFSRZHUÀXFtuations between the sensor and the local heat bath as well as by additional noise terms such as the Johnson noise in the sensing element. Theenergy resolution 6E of a microcalorimeter is proportional to (kbT2C)1/2
where-1 T is the sensor
0 temperature1 and CLVLWVVSHFL¿FKHDW7KHWHP2
3
perature dependence of 6(PDNHVLWDGYDQWDJHRXVWRRSHUDWH7(6VDWWKHORZHVWWHPSHUDWXUHVWKDWFDQEHFRQYHQLHQWO\UHDFKHGW\SLFDOO\
K. For X-ray measurements between 1–10 keV, the dependence of 6E
on C limits the CRILQGLYLGXDOVHQVRUVWRDERXW–12 J/K, correspondLQJWRGHYLFHDUHDVQHDUPP2 [1].
0LFURFDORULPHWHUV KDYH WKH EHVW SURYHQ ;UD\ HQHUJ\ UHVROXWLRQ RI
DQ\HQHUJ\GLVSHUVLYHVHQVRUDQG7(6VOHDGDOORWKHUPLFURFDORULPHWHUV
(although microcalorimeters with semiconducting and magnetic therPRPHWHUVDOVRVKRZJRRGSHUIRUPDQFH 6LQJOH7(6VKDYHGHPRQVWUDWHG
energy resolutions of 0.9 eV full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) at 1.5
keV and 1.6 eV FWHM at 6 keV [2]. This quality of energy resolution is
VXI¿FLHQWQRWRQO\WRUHVROYHHVVHQWLDOO\DOOHOHPHQWDO;UD\RYHUODSVEXW
DOVRWRREVHUYHDZHDOWKRIFKHPLFDOGHWDLOLQ;UD\VSHFWUDA useful X-ray instrument must possess a satisfactory combination
-1
0
1
2
3
RIHQHUJ\UHVROXWLRQHI¿FLHQF\FROOHFWLQJDUHDDQGFRXQWUDWH$VGHTime[ms] DQG HI¿FLHQF\ RI7(6V DUH H[FHOOHQW$
VFULEHG DERYH
WKH UHVROXWLRQ
recent and important step forward is the demonstration of large collect37
LQJDUHDVIURPSL[HODWHG7(6DUUD\VOLNHWKHGHYLFHVKRZQLQ)LJXUHsmall pulses (far from the cluster)
-3

-2

4
2

arrays for all these applications share a common read-out technolog
PXOWLSOH[LQJ ZLWK 6XSHUFRQGXFWLQJ 4XDQWXP ,QWHUIHUHQFH 'HYLF
648,'V 648,'VDUHWKLQ¿OPFLUFXLWVWKDWFDQDFWDVKLJKO\VHQV
WLYH DPPHWHUV WR PHDVXUH WKH FXUUHQW SXOVHV IURP7(6 GHWHFWRUV >
SQUIDs are now combined into increasingly complex superconductin
integrated circuits that compress the signals from multiple sensors ina smaller number of read-out channels using time-, frequency-, or cod
GLYLVLRQ PXOWLSOH[LQJ WHFKQLTXHV 648,' PXOWLSOH[LQJ KDV HQDEOHTES arrays of up to 10,000 sensors for sub-millimeter astrophysics an-402
XSWRVHQVRUVIRU;UD\VSHFWURVFRS\>@7KHDFWLYHDUHDRIWK-24ODUJHVWFXUUHQW7(6DUUD\VGHVLJQHGIRUNH9RSHUDWLRQLVPP
Position X [mm]7KHFRXQWUDWHRILQGLYLGXDO7(6VHQVRUVLVVHWE\WKHWLPHWRFRROEDF
WREDVHOLQHDIWHUWKHDEVRUSWLRQRIDSKRWRQ&RXQWUDWHVYDU\ZLWKVH

0

zoom

cluster events-2-2

Figure 1: Photograph showing a 240 pixel NIST TES X-ray array designefor photon energies up to 10 keV. The active regions of the pixels are lig
grey. Each pixel consists of a bilayer of thin molybdenum and copper filmwith an additional capping bismuth layer to increase X-ray absorption. O
chip wiring carries the pixel signals to contact pads at the edges of the chi
A gold-coated collimator is also shown, which will be attached to the dete
tor chip later. The collimator is resting on a U.S. penny included for scale.

-4

TES current (abr.)-3

same timing pulses (cluster)

Position Y [mm]TES current (abr.)

Triggered pules (Mn X-rays + beam)

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

deposited energy is diﬀused and attenuat
the Si substrate.
Thermal crosstalk due to charged particle
hits This time scale is muc
High energy particle

TES current (abr.)

Triggered pules (Mn X-rays + beam)same timing pulses (cluster)
Mn X-ray pulse height~100 keV
275µm Si substrate
0

1

2

3

zoom

-2

-1

-4

-2

0

Figure 9: (a) Schematic drawing of the(b) The calculated pulse height of TES
thermal diﬀusion in the Si substrate an
points are obtained by analyzing the p
triggered at the same timing.
small pulses

-3

4

-1

2

-2

Position Y [mm]TES current (abr.)-30Time [ms]1

2
38

If this charged particle hit is coincide
3
0
2
4 SiN
heat from-4the Si-2 substrate
and
the
x
Position X [mm]x-ray pulse. Thisis called thermal cros
H.Tatsuno@20150930
the identified
thermal KEK測定器開発セミナー
crosstalk. The b

deposited energy is diﬀused and attenuated to the whole of array within several µs throughthe Si substrate.
This timescaletois muchfaster thanthe milli-second
Thermalcrosstalkdue
chargedparticlehits TES response.

High-E particle

Simple diffusion calculation in Si
Pulse height of cluster events (data)
Thermal diffusion calculation~100 keV

diffused & attenuatedHeat transport time in Si : ~µsec

Figure 9: (a) Schematic drawing of the penetrating charged particle on the TES array.
(b) The calculated pulse height of TESs as a function of distance with considering thethermal diﬀusion in the Si substrate and the conductance to the heat bath. The data
points are obtained by analyzing the pulse heights of cluster events and pileup pulses
triggered at the same timing.
If this charged particle hit is coincident with an x-ray event in any of TESs, the flowed
heat from the Si substrate and the SiNx membrane creates a bump in the time-stream of
x-ray pulse. This is called thermal crosstalk. Figure 10 shows typical x-ray pulses with
the identified thermal crosstalk. The bump
39 structure aﬀects the pulse height which is

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

deposited energy is diﬀused and attenuated to the whole of array within several µs throughthe Si substrate.
This timescaletois muchfaster thanthe milli-second
Thermalcrosstalkdue
chargedparticlehits TES response.

High-E particle

Simple diffusion calculation in Si
Pulse height of cluster events (data)
Thermal diffusion calculation

diffused & attenuated~100 keV

Heat transport time in Si : ~µsec

Can cut the xtalk events ?

TES current (abr.)

These small thermal crosstalk
Figure 9: (a) Schematic drawing of the penetrating charged
the TES array.
create particle“secondonpulses”(b) The calculated pulse height of TESs as a function of distance with considering thethermal diﬀusion in the Si substrate and the conductance to the heat bath. The data
points are obtained by analyzing the pulse heights of cluster events and pileup pulses
triggered at the same timing.
0
If this charged
particleyes
hit is coincident-2with an x-ray
event2in any of 4TESs, the6flowed・largextalk pulses:
Time [ms]heat from the Si substrate and the SiNx membrane creates a bump in the time-stream
of・small xtalk pulses: cannot cut → degrade ΔE
x-ray pulse. This is called thermal crosstalk. Figure 10 shows typical x-ray pulses with・ifidentified
xtalk coincident
with X-ray,
cut → high-Ethethermal crosstalk.
Thecannot
bump structureaﬀectstail
the pulse height which is40

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Corrected pulse area

CoKβ
CoKα
CrKβ
CrKα

energydependent slope

CoKα(logZ)

1
2
3

Energy [eV]Filtered pulse height

Normalized
Counts / 1 eV

(Pulse area - baseline) / nSamples

Cut of thermal crosstalk piled-up events

0.03

2

0.025

1. pileup in post trigger timing~6% low-E component

CoKα

90%

0.02

0.015

2. remains ~90% of events

0.01

3. pileup in pre trigger timing

0.005

baseline shift, gain shift,contains high-E component

0
6840

41

1

6%

3

rejectreject
6860

6880

4%

6900

6920

6940

6960

6980 7000
Energy [eV]

Energy [eV]H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Normalized

Co Kα1beam 2.8 MHz

10−1

Co Kα210−2

Cut of thermal
crosstalk pileup events

beam 1.45 MHz
beam off

10−3

Fit for 1.45 MHz beam data
・<ΔEFWHM> = 7.1 eV・LE tail fraction = 23.1%
・HE tail fraction = 9.1%

10−4

Normalized

10−5

6840

6860

6880

6900

6920

6940

6960

6980 7000
Energy [eV]with cut

10−1

Fit with the correlation cut−2

10

suppressedthe LE tail・<ΔEFWHM> = 6.9 eV・LE tail fraction = 17.3%
・HE tail fraction = 8.3%

10−3

10−4

10−5

・suppressed the LE tailwith correlation cut
6840

6860

6880

6900

6920

・slightly improved ΔE
6940

6960

6980 7000
42[eV]
EnergyH.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

πC 4→3 x-rayπC
measurement
4-3 X rays with TESs
π-atom peakwith clear timing
correlation✓ Excellent energy resolution✓even
ΔEFWHM
7eV (beamin the~ hadron
beamon)at 6.4eVkeV
5 eV (beam off)→7(beam on)Fe Kαfluorescence(stainless steel)excited by x-ray
tube

prel
imin

Preliminary

FWHM~ 7 eVary[FWHM@ 6.4 keV]

1043

✓ ΔtFWHM =1.2 µs✓ Good timing resolution
comparable with SDDs
✓ FeKα energy uncertainty±0.04 eV
✓ Accurate energy calibration✓usingπC 4f-3d
Cr&Co lines
syst< 0.1
uncertainty~eV accuracy @±0.1
FeKa eV✓ piC x-ray energies
TESs
work!!
agreewith EM
calc.
T. Hashimoto@HYP2015

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Pionic Carbon X-rays
Energy calibrated with Cr and Co lines

FeKα1

350

πC 4f-3dCounts / 1 eV

300
250

FeKα2

13.5 hours

・Beam (π- & e-)

1.45 MHz・Calib. X-ray

4.4 Hz/pixel・Beam hit (pixel) 0.4 Hz/pixel

200

・Beam hit (array) ~400 Hz/cm2

150
100

・Data taking

πC 4d-3p ・Temp regulated 75mK ±7µK

209 pixels
FWHM 6.8 eV

50
0

6340

6360

6380

6400
6420
Energy [eV]

6440

6460

・<ΔEFWHM> (beam off) = 4.7 eV at FeKα・<ΔEFWHM> (beam on) = 6.8 eV at FeKα・Energy uncertainty (πC 4f-3d) = ±0.13 (stat) ±0.09 (syst) eV
The dominant uncertainty source is the background (tail of FeKα) ±0.07 eV
44

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Pionic Carbon X-rays
Energy calibrated with Cr and Co lines

FeKα1

350

πC 4f-3dCounts / 1 eV

300
250

FeKα2

・Beam (π- & e-)

1.45 MHz・Calib. X-ray

4.4 Hz/pixel・Beam hit (array) ~400 Hz/cm2

150

209 pixels
FWHM 6.8 eV

50
013.5 hours

・Beam hit (pixel) 0.4 Hz/pixel

200

100

・Data taking

6340

6360

6380

πC 4d-3p ・Temp regulated 75mK ±7µK
E-calib accuracy±0.04 eV
6400
6420
Energy [eV]

6440

6460

・<ΔEFWHM> (beam off) = 4.7 eV at FeKα・<ΔEFWHM> (beam on) = 6.8 eV at FeKα・Energy uncertainty (πC 4f-3d) = ±0.13 (stat) ±0.09 (syst) eV
The dominant uncertainty source is the background (tail of FeKα) ±0.07 eV
45

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Pionic Carbon X-rays
Energy calibrated with Cr and Co lines

FeKα1

350

πC 4f-3dCounts / 1 eV

300
250

FeKα2

13.5 hours

・Beam (π- & e-)

1.45 MHz・Calib. X-ray

4.4 Hz/pixel・Beam hit (pixel) 0.4 Hz/pixel

200

・Beam hit (array) ~400 Hz/cm2

150
100

・Data taking

πC 4d-3p ・Temp regulated 75mK ±7µK

209 pixels
FWHM 6.8 eV

50
0

6340

6360

6380

6400
6420
Energy [eV]

6440

6460

・<ΔEFWHM> (beam off) = 4.7 eV at FeKα・<ΔEFWHM> (beam on) = 6.8 eV at FeKα・Energy uncertainty (πC 4f-3d) = ±0.13 (stat) ±0.09 (syst) eV
The dominant uncertainty source is the background (tail of FeKα) ±0.07 eV
46

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Pionic Carbon X-rays
Energy calibrated with Cr and Co lines

FeKα1

350

πC 4f-3dCounts / 1 eV

300
250

FeKα2

13.5 hours

・Beam (π- & e-)

1.45 MHz・Calib. X-ray

4.4 Hz/pixel・Beam hit (pixel) 0.4 Hz/pixel

200

・Beam hit (array) ~400 Hz/cm2

150
100

・Data taking

πC 4d-3p ・Temp regulated 75mK ±7µK

209 pixels
FWHM 6.8 eV

50
0

6340

6360

6380

6400
6420
Energy [eV]

6440

6460

・<ΔEFWHM> (beam off) = 4.7 eV at FeKαThe TESs work well !
Achieved the precision goal !!

・<ΔEFWHM> (beam on) = 6.8 eV at FeKα・Energy uncertainty (πC 4f-3d) = ±0.13 (stat) ±0.09 (syst) eV
The dominant uncertainty source is the background (tail of FeKα) ±0.07 eV
47

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Pionic Carbon X-rays
Energy calibrated with Cr and Co lines

FeKα1

350

πC 4f-3dCounts / 1 eV

300
250

FeKα2

13.5 hours

・Beam (π- & e-)

1.45 MHz・Calib. X-ray

4.4 Hz/pixel・Beam hit (pixel) 0.4 Hz/pixel

200

・Beam hit (array) ~400 Hz/cm2

150
100

・Data taking

πC 4d-3p ・Temp regulated 75mK ±7µK

209 pixels
FWHM 6.8 eV

50
0

6340

6360

6380

6400
6420
Energy [eV]

6440

6460

・<ΔEFWHM> (beam off) = 4.7 eV at FeKαThe TESs work well !
Achieved the precision goal !!

・<ΔEFWHM> (beam on) = 6.8 eV at FeKα・Energy uncertainty (πC 4f-3d) = ±0.13 (stat) ±0.09 (syst) eV
The dominant uncertainty source is the background (tail of FeKα) ±0.07 eV48

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

J-PARC E62 experimentK- 3He and 4He

49

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

June 15, 2015
June 15, 2015
June 15, 2015
June 15, 2015

M. Bazzia , D.A. Bennettb , C. Beruccic , D. Bosnard , C. Curceanua , W.B. Dorieseb ,J.W. Fowlerb , H. Fujiokae , C. Guaraldoa , F. Parnefjord Gustafssonf , T. Hashimotog ,R.S. Hayanoh∗ , J.P. Hays-Wehleb , G.C. Hiltonb , T. Hiraiwai , M. Iioj , M. Iliescua ,
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Departmentof Physics, für
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k Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, 319-1184, Japanl Departmentof Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japanl Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japanm Departmentof Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309-0390, USAm Departmentn Departmentof Physics,
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g aRIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, Wako, 351-0198, Japan

Spokesperson
Spokesperson†∗
Co-spokesperson†
Spokesperson
Co-spokesperson‡†
Co-spokesperson‡
Co-spokesperson
Co-spokesperson∗‡

Co-spokesperson

250
2T. Hashimoto@HYP2015
H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

J-PARC E62 setup
setupat
atJ-PARC
K1.8BRK1.8BR
beam line
Experimental

NIST TES system

existing target system
for Liq. Helium 3 & 4(used for K-pp search, E15 expt.)

m

- bea

K

stop K- in a target
Kaon beam detectors
11
51

T. Hashimoto@HYP2015

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Estimated energy resolution
at J-PARC K1.8BR
simulation

J-PARC
K1.8BR

PSIπM1

2.8 MHz1.45 MHzbeam off

52

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

TES operation in the J-PARC kaon beamComparison of PSI data with the simulation
300

300

Data particles
Sim result for each initialMC(all)

250

250

-

MC(µ- beam)

200

100

200
Measured-MC(e beam)MC(π- absorption)

150

Counts / 1 eVCounts / 1 eVMC(π beam)

e- beamincident

150
Simulation

Data
TES trigger rate /pixelMC(all)MC(proton)MC(e0.71 ± 0.11 /sec +)MC(e )MC(γ )

0.64 / sec(100
normalized by # of incident beam )

50

50

Good
reproducibilityofTable 1: Major input parameters for the simulations. The particle hit rates on the TES0
0 rate & spectral shape
hit
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
0
2000 that
4000the 6000
10000
system obtained from the simulations are shown as well.
Note
rates at8000
J-PARC
Energy (eV)

is normalized by spill whose typical length is 2 seconds.

Energy (eV)Figure 12: Measured TES self-triggered
obtained
at PSI experimen
πM1 energy
at PSI spectrum
K1.8BRat J-PARC
Beam andmomentum173(x-ray
MeV/ctube oﬀ) conditions,
900 MeV/cwith beam-on
no calibration x-ray
compared with th65kW) witbeamTheintensity/sec
8.0×10/ spill (@ 50
simulatedTotal
spectra.
left and right2.8×10
pannels
include diﬀerent
disaggregated
data
−
−
− −
K
/π
/µ
/e (left)ratioand particle—/ 40%species/ 5% /hitting
55% 20%
/ 60%
/ 10%
/ 10%
initial beam particles
on theTES(right),respectively
60

TES trigger rate / pixel
Energy deposit on Si

0.64/sec
152 MeV/sec

60

0.17 /spill
46 MeV/spill

MC(all)MC(π-)
MC(K beam)
50
50
MC(proton)MC(π beam)
12
MC(e
)
T. Hashimoto@HYP2015
MC(µ beam)+sitionrates on the silicon substrateevaluated in the40
40 same flamework. The comparison
MC(e )
MC(e beam)
53
MC(
µ
)
between PSI and J-PARC cases indicates that the condition we operated TES at PSIMC(all)MC(K absorption)/ 1 eV/ 1 eV

J-PARC will be less severe compared with PSI

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Expected spectrum in J-PARC E62
Expected K-He X-ray Spectrum
100

50 kW beam intensity
2 week data taking

4kaonic He
3d → 2p

Counts / 2 eV

240 counts

80

Assuming
6 eV FWHM resolution

3

60

kaonic He
3d → 2p
120 counts

Fe Kα

precision
Stat. accuracies

1

K-4He : ~0.2 eV
K-3He : ~0.35 eV

Fe Kα2

40
20
0
6000

6100

6200

Asynchronous bg. : 1.5 counts /eV
Synchronous bg. : 6 counts /eV

6300

6400

6500

Energy (eV)
13
54

6600

6700

Fe Kα intensities are controllable
with applied voltage of x-ray tube

T. Hashimoto@HYP201
H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー

Summary and Outlook✓ First application of the TES-based hadronic atom spectroscopy✓ We have understood…
・ low-energy tail (linear E)
・ thermal crosstalk (LE and HE tails)
・ ΔE degrades
・ area correlation cut for LE tail ↓✓ Absolute energy of π-C 4-3 X-rays
・ energy calibration accuracy ±0.04 eV・ E uncertainty ±0.13(stat) ±0.09 (syst) eV✓ LE tail elimination with different Bi fabrication process✓ Kaonic helium x-ray measurement with TESs at J-PARC
55

H.Tatsuno@20150930 KEK測定器開発セミナー