Optical interconnection
Intercontinental

InlandMetro䌾400km䌾1000km

LSI chip
0.01䌾0.00001km

VSRMAN䋯100GbE
Very Short Reach
Metropolitan Area Network(ISP, LAN, SAN)
Replacing copper infrastructure

WAN䋯10-40Gb/s
Wide Area Network(ULH, LH)⿥㜞ㅦ㔚᳇శቇ䊘䊥䊙䊷ᄌ⺞ེ䉕⋡ᜰ䈚䈢శዉᵄ〝૞⵾Board

400䌾0.1km

FTTH, Free space

Glass fiber(1.55PPm)

Polymer optical fiber (650nm)
Polymer WGᮮጊ ჻ศ਻Ꮊᄢቇ వዉ‛⾰ൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲ

䊶Optical Modulators
Electro-optic Integration

䊶Photons rather than Electronics
䊶Require more storage
䊶Access to key information
䊶High speed inter-processor
communications
䊶Connecting multi-core microprocessors
with RAM and storage

䊶Ultra-high speed (䌾100Gbps)
䊶Low operating voltage
䊶High stability
Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
Kyushu University

Why are electro-optic materials interesting?

Polymer periodic pattern for photonic crystal applications

L. Dalton@UW

䂭Societal Impact:䂭 Central to transduction of signals between electrical and optical domains;
Key to the Next Great Thing: Photonic/Electronic Integration— Impacts Computing, Telecommunications, Transportation, Security,Medicine, Entertainment.

Advanced applications:
High-speed low-voltage EO modulator
Photonic crystal

Soft lithographyNanoimprinting

Electrode
EO polymer

600 nm

Optical multilayer film
E-O modulator

PVK/CA multilayer
100HBP

䂭Intellectual Merit:䂭 Requires high order—essentially an issue of “crystal engineering”.
If we can “nano-engineer” EO materials from first principles, we havedefined the “designer toolset” for nanotechnology.
Critical for organic photovoltaics, electronics, light emitting displays, etc.

80

Transmissivity (%)

Patterned polymer
photonic crystal
Optical polymer

40
19 layers

20

33 layers

0400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

Wavelength (nm)S. .Xu et al., Opt. Lett., 35, 309 (2010).
A. Inoue et al., Opt. Commun., 283, 2935 (2010).
K. Sakaki et al., Opt. Mater., 32, 543 (2010).
X. Xu et al., Eur. Phys. J. D, 55, 691 (2009).
S. Inoue et al., Elec. Lett., 45, 1087 (2009).

0.8

Cross-linking

Side-chain polymer

O

OH
N

N
OH

N

S donor

Bi-chromophores polymer

CN
CN

C N

N'1༏И஖ዼԧᲢéᲣᲟˌɦN
N
C

H

OH

N

O

C
O

S

O
O

O
OH

N

C

O

HO
HOOH
O
O
O
O

OO
NO

OOO

O

N

O

OH

O

O

OSOH
O
HOO

CO

NC

HOOᲿ᳉јྙƷӼɥON

O

OH

CNO

OH
OO
OO

N

C

FTC host-guest polymer

OCO

NOOOH

䌖CCNOO

CNC N

CNONC

C N

R1R2

Hyper-branched polymer
FTC side-chain polymer

LiNbO3O

S

100 pm/V

S

S

Higher-E chromophoreSr33 (pm/V)

NCO

O

O

yOH

20
100O NH

CH3O

N

32 pm/V
40 Gps䌾 10 V690 㷄
0.2 dB/cm

9080
70
60
50
40
30Ox

H

60 pm/V>100 Gps<1V
䌾10085 㷄
0.2 dB/cm

150140130120110
100

CH3OO

130 pm/V>100 Gps<1V
䌾10085 㷄
0.7 dB/cm

LiNO3O

Donor-chromophoreside-chain polymer

Exploitexceptional
polymer r33 forbetter modulator
performance

r33
Speed
Powern3r/H
Stability
Optical loss

Substrate (Eagle 2000)ᩓൢή‫ܖ‬ȝȪȞȸƷ᭗ࣱᏡή‫ܖ‬ཎࣱ
CH3Polymer (1.3 Pm) Polymer (1.5Pm)

䊶䊶EO polymer
䊶9 layers

Substrate

EO Modulators䋺 F2 Materials and Components

PropertyCA

3 layers
5 layers

60᭗ຜࡇȷ᭗Ў૝țǹȈǲǹȈኒǷȳǰȫȢȸȉή‫ݰ‬ඬែƷᚨᚘ(BMP)Ʊ˺ᙌ

EO Operation

Light Out✢᏷2.5㱘m

2525

H3WaveguideLight InH4

SiO2, n=1.46

Poled Polymer

SiO2, n=1.46

Electrode

H2H1303.0㱘m4.0 Pm

30Si4040

4.0㱘mModulating Electronic Field

Total 50mm

Electro-Optic Modulation:n2=n02㪂㱣㩿2䋩E
Electrode

Tail 11.1mm

S-bend2.9mm

Arm 22mm

S-bend2.9mm

Tail 11.1mm

Applied voltage changes refractive index
4.3 PmGenerally in the order of 2㬍10-4

Drive voltage

2.0VS

1.8

Refractive Index
01.7
11.7002

3.9 PmSingle mode
1.6
H3

Measured r33 in pm/V

1.4

Multi mode
Polymer
SiO2

1.2
Single mode

1.0

Optical response

0.1 0.2

0.3 0.4 0.5

0.6

Si0.7H2ȝȪȞȸή‫٭‬ᛦ֥ƷܱྵƴӼƚƨᙲ൭ᛢ᫆EO䊘䊘䊥䊙䊷䈱శዉᵄ〝૞⵾ή‫٭‬ᛦ֥˺ᙌȗȭǻǹᩓಊǯȩȃȉ㔚ᭂn=1.54䉪䊤䉾䊄䉮䉝䉪䊤䉾䊄UFC170AȝȪȞȸᲩǳǢ

EO polymer

5K1Წ /<ǯȩȃȉn=1.51 SiO2, UV15LV
Ground Au㔚ᭂ᭗‫މ‬৵ྙ˯ή੷‫ڂ‬᭗ຜࡇᑥእ‫ݰ‬λᩓ‫ئ‬ᣐӼ
᭗6IᲩ᎑༏ࣱᩓಊ

2-4 P㫄ȷή‫٭‬ᛦ֥˺ᙌȗȭǻǹǁ'1ȝȪȞȸǛኵǈᡂǉȝȪȞȸή‫٭‬ᛦ֥Ʒܱྵȷᙲ൭‫ܭ‬፯‫ݰ‬ඬែ ᩓൢή‫ܖ‬ཎࣱ T RO8"PO‫ݰ‬ඬែˡ੿੷‫ ڂ‬F$EO"PO༏‫ࣱܭܤ‬Ჴ'8S "é HQTJTU
ή‫ࣱܭܤ‬Ჴ'8S "POŴéŴO9 HQTJTU໯ೞȇȐǤǹ(ܱဇ)
Laser
Optical fiber

DetectorȝȪȞȸȇȐǤǹ(ܱᚰ)ȷ᧏ႆŴܱᚰή‫ݰ‬ඬែƷᚨᚘŴ˺ᙌŴᚸ̖᭗ችࡇƳᩓൢή‫ܭܖ‬ૠƷᚸ̖᳆᳈‫٭‬ᛦ֥ǛșȸǹƱƠƨᲿ᳉ȝȪȞȸ‫٭‬ᛦ֥Ʒᚾ˺ᙲ൭‫ܭ‬፯ȸ஬૰᧏ႆǁƷȕǣȸȉȐȃǯᲤή‫ݰ‬ඬែƷᩓൢή‫ܖ‬ཎࣱᚸ̖8Ʒᚸ̖ή‫ݰ‬ඬែᲴȏȸȉ஬૰ƔǒȝȪȞȸ஬૰ᲢǨȬǯȈȭȋǯǹƷُᲣ౒ห⎇ⓥ㐿⊒䉶䊮䉺䊷䊐䉤䊃䊥䉸䉫䊤䊐䉞䊷䋺SiO2, SiN䋨n=䌾2䋩䋨ήᯏ䉪䊥䊷䊮᧚ᢱ䋩਻Ꮊᄢቇ䊐䉤䊃䊥䉸䉫䊤䊐䉞䊷䋺శዉᵄ〝↪䊘䊥䊙䊷㔚᳇శቇ䊘䊥䊙䊷n=1.7)䋨᦭ᯏ♽ᯏ⢻᧚ᢱ䋩䊶䊐䉤䊃䊧䉳䉴䊃

4.3 PmYokoyama Research Group

Dr. K. Yamamoto (Assis. Prof.)
Dr. S. Inoue (Assis. Prof.)
Dr. X. Piao (Post Doc.)
Dr. A. Inoue (Post Doc.)
Dr. X. Zhang (Post Doc.)

SiO2 (n=1.45)
3.9 Pm䊶Au 䊙䉴䉪Si (n=3.85)

䊶䊘䊥䊙䊷శዉᵄ〝㸇䋮䊧䉳䉴䊃ႣᏓ㸈.శ䊌䉺䊷䊮ォ౮㸉.䊄䊤䉟䉣䉾䉼䊮䉫㔚ሶ䊂䊋䉟䉴૞⵾ⅣⅣႺ䂾ήᯏ䊶ඨዉ૕᧚ᢱ

Graduated students
Y. MoriF. Yu
Y. Koishi
K. Murata
K. Koyama
H. Nakaya

Collaborations
NICT & Sumitomo Electric Industry“EO polymers and optical devices”
Nissan Chem. Industry“Polymer nano particles”
Hakuto“Dendrimer and hyperbranched polymers”
Denso“EO device for automobile”㬍᦭ᯏ䊶䊘䊥䊙䊷᧚ᢱ䊶䉡䉣䉾䊃䊒䊨䉶䉴䋺ၮ᧼䇮䊧䉳䉴䊃౒ㅢ᧚ᢱ਻ᄢ䋺᦭ᯏ䊶䊘䊥䊙䊷᧚ᢱኾ↪

⻢ㄉ㩿⽷㪀 ർ਻Ꮊ↥ᬺቇⴚផㅴᯏ᭴౒ห⎇ⓥ㐿⊒䉶䊮䉺䊷਻Ꮊ࿾඙䊅䊉䊁䉪䊉䊨䉳䊷᜚ὐ䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪