OMAOPTICAL MODULATIONANALYZERP R E L I M I N A RY S P EC I F I C AT I O N S H E E T

quantifiphotonics.com

F E AT U R E S

Get the most out of your investment with Tektronix
oscilloscope’s scalable architecture. Use the stack asa single 70GHz OMA system today then use it as four
independent oscilloscopes tomorrow.

Built-in narrow linewidth
tunable laser

Feature-rich OMA
softwareMulti-system
configuration

IQRX comes with a built-in narrow
25 KHz instantaneous linewidthlaser, making it perfect for coherent
modulation formats that require
high phase stability.

Superior user interface offers
comprehensive visualization forease-of- use combined with thepower of MATLAB®.

Simultaneously displays data frommultiple OMAs at same or different
wavelengths, simplifying multichannel measurements.

Full characterization ofcoherent modulation
formats

Dual polarization
measurement

High-performance, lownoise coherent receiver

IQRX houses polarization selective
hardware to characterizepolarization multiplexed signals.
LO input, signal input and internallaser outputs all use polarization
maintaining (PM) fiber for thehighest versatility.

IQRX™ is the gold standard
coherent receiver with marketleading performance. It is designed
and built using the highestperforming discrete fiber optic
components to provide superior
fidelity measurement of coherently
modulated signals.

Complete coherent signal analysis
for polarization-multiplexed QPSK,
QAM, differential BPSK/QPSK,
and other advanced modulation
formats.

Superchannel
measurement madesimpleSuperchannel configuration allows
you to define number of channels,
channel frequency, and channel
modulation format.

19 inch rack mountable
IQRX can be paired with the rack
mount brackets for easy mounting
in any 19 inch rack.

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AMAZING FLEXIBILITY

The industry’s most flexible
OMA system is here.
Whether you are working with 100G coherent
transceivers or 1 Terabit long haul communication
systems, our OMA can be configured to suit your exact
requirements.

z Up to 70GHz of system bandwidthz Characterize 400ZR and 800ZR signals up to
140GBaudz Supports single and dual polarization PSK and QAM
formatsz Visual signal analysis using constellation and eye
diagramsz Performance parameter measurement including EVM,
BER, Bias errors and morez Two built-in narrow linewidth tunable lasers forreceiver hardware self-calibration

TA R G E T A P P L I C AT I O N Sz Coherent DSP developmentz Coherent transmitter testingz Custom modulation format developmentz Mil / Aero communications R&D

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O M A S C H E M AT I C D I AG R A M

MODULATEDSIGNAL INPUTLO INPUT

PBS

50/50

LASER 1 LASER 2OUTPUT OUTPUT

IQ-RX

90° HYBRIDBALANCED
DETECTOR

Tektronix DPO70000SX(DX)
series90° HYBRIDBALANCED
DETECTORBALANCED
DETECTOR

LASER

LASER

BALANCED
DETECTORREAL TIME OSCILLOSCOPE
Raw data export

Ethernet Network

OMA software

OMA Calibrations/Correction

DSP Algorithms

Pre-processor, Dispersion Compensation,
Polarization Demultiplexing, Carrier Recovery, Filter, Equalizer

Visualizers

Constellation, Trajectories, Eye Diagrams, Spectrum

Measurements

EVM, I&Q, Error ... Etc.

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A S C A L A B L E SYST E M T H AT G R O W S W I T H YO U R N E E D S

100 G testing“Peek” at 400 G signals

Use four 33 GHz channels
for dual-polarization signals.

By simply switching to
70 GHz inputs at 200 GS/s,
single polarization signals
up to 140 GBaud.

Full 400 G/800 G
analysis

Two test systems for
400 G/800 G analysis

Full dual-polarization 140
GBaud analysis.

Single-polarization
140 GBaud analysis.

Enable higher signal
analysis without additional investment.

Upgrade to higher signal
analysis with existing
hardware and minimal
investment.

Double capacity.

Max Baud Rate / Bandwidth
15 GBaud dual pol

26 GBaud dual pol

40 GBaud dual pol

60 GBaud dual pol

100 GBaud dual pol

120 GBaud dual pol

13 GHz dual pol

16 GHz dual pol

23 GHz dual pol

33 GHz dual pol

50 GHz dual pol

70 GHz dual pol

DPO73308SX

2x DPO75004SX

2x DPO77004SXS C A L A B L E C O N F I G U R AT I O N TO M ATC H YO U R R EQ U I R E M E N TS

Configuration Scope (Bandwidth upgradable)
DPO71304SXDPO71604SX

DPO72304SXMax Baud Rate / System Bandwidth
26 GBaud dual pol

32 GBaud dual pol

46 GBaud dual pol

66 GBaud dual pol

100 GBaud dual pol

140 GBaud dual pol

13 GHz BW

16 GHz BW

23 GHz BW

33 GHz BW

50 GHz BW

70 GHz BW

Configuration: Coherent Receiver
IQRX-1002

IQRX-1004

Configuration
Configuration
Scope: (Bandwidth upgradable)
Coherent
ReceiverDP071304SXIQRX-1002

DP071604SX

DP072304SXDPS73308SX

2x DPS75004SXIQRX-1004

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2x DPS77004SX

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Analyzer
DPO70000SX
series oscilloscope

Readings

Accessory

+

IQ-RX

= Coherent:

QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM ...

O N E SYST E M , M U LT I P L E A P P L I C AT I O N S+= Direct detect:

NRZof
PAM4
PAM8 ...
Thanks to the modular architecture
DPO70000SX
series oscilloscopes, you can decouple some of theoscilloscopes to use for direct measurement, when not
in use as an OMA system.
Tektronix Opticalto electrical converter

Coherent & PAM4/NRZ Solutions
Accessory

Measure electrical
PAM4, PAM8

Measure optical
16QAM, 64QAM+
IQ-RX COHERENT RECEIVER

Measure optical
PAM4, PAM8
DPO70000SX SERIES OSCILLOSCOPE+
OPTICAL-TO-ELECTRICAL CONVERTERP O W E R F U L O M A S O F T WA R E

The OM1106 Optical Modulation Analysis (OMA)software provides an ideal platform for research andtesting of coherent optical systems.
It is a complete software package for acquiring, demodulating, analyzing, and visualizing complex modulated
systems from an easy-to-use interface. The software performs all calibration and processing functions to enablereal- time burst-mode constellation diagram display, eye-diagram display, Poincaré sphere, and bit-error detection.
Advanced users can take advantage of the provided MATLAB signal analysis source code and modify the signal
processing algorithms while still taking advantage of the rich user interface for acquisition, signal visualization, andnumerical measurements.

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O M A U S E R I N T E R FAC E

The OMA software has displays for all of the standard
coherent optical visualizations such as eye diagrams,
constellation diagrams, Poincaré spheres, and so on.
The software also provides a complete measurement suite to numerically report key measurements. Constellation
measurements include IQ Offset, IQ Imbalance, elongation, real and imaginary bias, magnitude, phase angle,
EVM, and others. Eye diagram measurements include many key time domain metrics such as Q-factor, eye height,
overshoot, undershoot, risetime, falltime, skew, and crossing point.

OMA software showing 2-carrier 64-QAM 32-GBd analysis.
The carriers can be captured simultaneously or sequentially.

OMA showing several equivalent-time measurement plots.

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E ASY TO U S E I N T E R FAC E

Get up and running fast with the easy-to-use OMA
interface
The OMA software lets you easily configure and display your measurements and also provides software control forcustomer test automation using WCF or .NET communication. The software can also be controlled from MATLAB orLabVIEW™. In addition to the numerical measurements provided on individual plots, the Measurements Tab provides
a summary of all numeric measurements, including statistics.
The following image shows a QAM measurement setup. The plots can be moved, docked, or resized within theapplication work space or into separate windows on the desktop. You can display or close plots to show just the
information you need.

QAM measurements on the OMA software.

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F E AT U R E S

Make measurements faster
The OMA software is designed to collect data from the oscilloscope and move it into the MATLAB workspace withextreme speed to provide the maximum data refresh rate. The data is then processed in MATLAB to extract anddisplay the resulting measurements.

Take control with tight MATLAB integration
Since 100% of the data processing occurs in MATLAB, test engineers can easily probe into the processing tounderstand each step along the way. R&D labs can also take advantage of the tight MATLAB integration by writing
their own MATLAB algorithms for new techniques under development.

Use the optimum algorithm
Don’t worry about which algorithm to use. When you select a signal type in the OMA software (for example, PMQPSK), the application applies the optimal algorithm for that signal type to the acquired data. Each signal type has a
specially designed signal processing approach optimized for that signal. This means that you get results right away.

Don’t get stymied by laser phase noise
Signal processing algorithms designed for electrical wireless signals don’t always work well with the much noisiersources used for complex optical modulation signals. Our robust signal processing methods tolerate enough phasenoise to make it possible to test signals that would traditionally be measured by differential or direct detection suchas DQPSK.

Find the right BER
Q-plots are a great way to get a handle on your data signal quality. Numerous BER measurements versus decisionthreshold are made on the signal after each data acquisition. Plotting BER versus decision threshold shows the noiseproperties of the signal. Gaussian noise will produce a straight line on the Q-plot. The optimum decision thresholdand extrapolated BER are also calculated. This gives you two BER values: the actual counted errors divided by the
number of bits counted, as well as the extrapolated BER for use when the BER is too low to measure quickly.

The Measurements tab - a summary of all measurements in one
place.

Q-plot.

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C O N ST E L L AT I O N D I AG R A M S

Once the laser phase and frequency fluctuations are
removed, the resulting electric field can be plotted in
the complex plane. When only the values at the symbol
centers are plotted, this is called a Constellation
Diagram.
When continuous traces are also shown in the complex
plane, this is often called a Phase Diagram. Since thecontinuous traces can be turned on or off, we refer toboth as the Constellation Diagram.
The scatter of the symbol points indicates how closethe modulation is to ideal. The symbol points spread out
due to additive noise, transmitter eye closure, or fiber
impairments. The scatter can be measured by symbol
standard deviation, error vector magnitude, or mask
violations.

Constellation
measurements
Measurements made on constellation diagrams areavailable on the “fly-out” panel associated with eachgraphic window. The measurements available forconstellations are described below.

Measurement

De s c r i pti on

Elongation

The ratio of the Q modulation amplitude
to the I modulation amplitude is ameasure of how well balanced themodulation is for the I and Q branchesof a particular polarization’s signal.

Real Bias

Expressed as a percent, this says how
much the constellation is shifted left or
right. Real (In-phase) bias other thanzero is usually a sign that the In-phase
Tributary of the transmitter modulator
is not being driven symmetrically at eye
center.

Imag Bias

Expressed as a percent, this says
how much the constellation is shiftedup or down. Imaginary (Quadrature)bias other than zero is usually a signthat the Quadrature Tributary of thetransmitter modulator is not being
driven symmetrically at eye center.

Magnitude

The mean value of the magnitude of all
symbols with units given on the plot. Thiscan be used to find the relative sizes of
the two Polarization Signals.

Phase Angle

The transmitter I-Q phase bias. It should
normally be 90.

StdDev by Quadrant

The standard deviation of symbol point
distance from the mean symbol in units
given on the plot. This is displayed for
BPSK and QPSK.

EVM (%)The RMS distance of each symbol pointfrom the ideal symbol point divided
by the magnitude of the ideal symbol
expressed as a percent.

EVM Tab

The separate EVM tab shown in theright figure provides the EVM% byconstellation group. The numbers
are arranged to correspond to thesymbol arrangement. This is ideal for
setting Transmitter modulator bias. For
example, if the left side groups havehigher EVM than the right side, adjust
the In-phase Transmitter modulator bias
to drive the negative rail harder.
The separate Mask tab shown in theright figure provides the number ofmask violations by constellation group.

Constellation diagram.

Mask Tab

The numbers are arranged tocorrespond to the symbol arrangement.
The mask threshold is set in the Engine
window and can be used for pass/failtransmitter testing.

Quadrature Error

The deviation of the transmitter IQ
phase from 90 degrees.

IQ Offset

The ratio between the carrier leakage
power and the signal power in dB. This
metric is impacted by Quadrature Error,
Real and Imaginary bias.

IQ Imbalance

The ratio of the real and imaginary
constellation size in dB. It is related to
the linear measure, Elongation.

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C O LO R F E AT U R E S

The Color Grade Feature provides an infinite
persistence plot where the frequency of occurrence of apoint on the plot is indicated by its color.
This mode helps reveal patterns not readily apparent in monochrome. Note that the lower constellation groups ofthe example below have higher EVM than the top groups. In most cases this indicates that the quadrature modulator
bias was too far toward the positive rail. This is not evident from the crossing points which are approximately correct.
In this case an improperly biased modulator is concealing an improperly biased driver amp.
Color Key Constellation Points is a special feature that works when not in Color Grade. In this case the symbol
color is determined by the value of the previous symbol. If the prior symbol was in Quadrant 1 (upper right) then thecurrent symbol is colored Yellow. If the prior symbol was in Quadrant 2 (upper left) then the current symbol is colored
Magenta. If the prior symbol was in Quadrant 3 (lower left) then the current symbol is colored Light Blue (Cyan). If theprior symbol was in Quadrant 4 (lower right) then the current symbol is colored Solid Blue.
This helps reveal pattern dependence. The following figure shows that pattern dependence is to blame for the poor
EVM on the other groups. In QPSK modulation, the modulator nonlinearity would normally mask this type of patterndependence due to RF cable loss, but here the improper modulator bias allows that to be transferred to the opticalsignal.

Color Grade Constellation.

Color Grade with fine traces.

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Color Key Constellation.

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E Y E D I AG R A M S

Eye diagram plots can beselected for appropriate
modulation formats.
Supported eye formats include Field Eye (the real partof the phase trace in the complex plane), Power Eye(which simulates the eye displayed with a Tektronix
oscilloscope optical input), and Diff-Eye (which
simulates the eye generated by using a 1-bit delay-line
interferometer). As with the Constellation Plot you canright-click to choose color options as well.

F I E L D E Y E M E AS U R E M E N TS

In the case of multilevel signals, the abovemeasurements are listed in the order of thecorresponding eye openings in the plot. The top row
values correspond to the top-most eye opening.
The functions involving Q-factor use the decisionthreshold method described in the paper by Bergano1.
When the number of bit errors in the measurement
interval is small, as is often the case, the Q-factor
derived from the bit error rate may not be an accurate
measure of the signal quality. However, the decisionthreshold Q-factor is accurate because it is based on
all the signal values, not just those that cross a definedboundary.

Measurement

De s c r i pti on

Q (dB)

Computed from 20 × Log10 of the linear
decision threshold Q-factor of the eye

Eye HeightThe distance from the mean 1-level tothe mean 0-level (units of plot)

Rail0 Std Dev

The standard deviation of the 0-level as
determined from the decision threshold
Q-factor measurement

N.S. Bergano, F.W. Kerfoot, C.R. Davidson, “Margin measurements
in optical amplifier systems,” IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett., 5, no. 3, pp. 304306 (1993).

Rail1 Std Dev

The standard deviation of the 1-level as
determined from the decision threshold
Q-factor measurement

1

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M E AS U R E M E N TS V E R S U S T I M E

The Measurement versus Time plot is particularly useful
to distinguish errors due to noise, pattern dependence,or pattern errors.
In addition to the eye diagram, it is often important toview signals versus time. For example, it is instructive
to see what the field values were doing in the vicinity ofa bit error. All of the plots that display symbol-center
values will indicate if that symbol errors by coloring thepoint red (assuming that the data is synchronized to theindicated pattern).
Errored symbol (red dot) in Measurement Versus Time plot.

A D D I T I O N A L M E AS U R E M E N TS

Additional
measurements
available for
nonoffset
formats

Measurement

De s c r i pti on

OvershootThe fractional overshoot of the signal. One value is reported forthe tributary, and for a multilevel (QAM) signal it is the averageof all the overshoots.

Undershoot

The fractional undershoot of the signal (overshoot of thenegative-going transition).

Risetime

The 10-90% rise time of the signal. One value is reported for thetributary, and for a multilevel (QAM) signal it is the average of all
the rise times.

Falltime

The 90-10% fall time of the signal.

Skew

The time relative to the center of the power eye of the midpoint
between the crossing points for a particular tributary.

Crossing Point

The fractional vertical position at the crossing of the rising andfalling edges.

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3 D V I S UA L I SAT I O N TO O LS

The 3D Eye Diagram provides a helpful combinationof the Constellation and Eye diagrams into a single 3D
diagram.
Complex-modulation signals are inherently 3D since in-phase and quadrature components are being changed
versus time. This helps to visualize how the complex quantity is changing through the bit period. The diagram can berotated and scaled.
Also available in 3D is the Poincaré Sphere. The 3D view is helpful when viewing the tpolarization state of every
symbol. The symbols tend to form clusters on the Poincaré Sphere which can be revealing to expert users. The nonnormalized Stokes Vectors can also be plotted in this view.

A N A LYS I S C O N T R O LS

The various analysis control
tabs in the OMA software
let you set parameters forthe system and relevantmeasurements.

MATLAB tab

Signal spectrum tab

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A N A LYS I S C O N T R O LS

Analysis parameters tab
setting types
You can assign user data patterns in the MATLAB tab.
The data pattern can be input into MATLAB or founddirectly through measurement of a high SNR signal.

Measurement

De s c r i pti on

Frequency

Clock recovery is performed in software,
so only a frequency range of expected
clock frequencies is required.

Signal TypeThe signal type (such as PM-QPSK)
determines the algorithm used toprocess the data.

Data Patterns

Specifying the known PRBS or user
pattern by physical tributary permits
error counting, constellation orientation,and two-stage phase estimation.

S I G N A L S P ECT R A

An FFT of the corrected
electric field versus time
can reveal much about thedata signal.
Asymmetric or shifted spectra can indicate excessive
laser frequency error. Periodicity in the spectrum shows
correlation between data tributaries. The FFT of thelaser phase versus time data can be used to measurelaser phase noise.

Laser phase spectrum window.

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POINCARÉ SPHERE

Polarization data signals typically start out well aligned
to the PM-fiber axes. However, once in standard single
mode fiber, the polarization states will start to drift.
However, it is still possible to measure the polarization
states and determine the polarization extinction ratio.
The software locks on each polarization signal. The
polarization states of the two signals are displayed ona circular plot representing one face of the Poincaré
sphere.
States on the back side are indicated by coloring
the marker blue. The degree of orthogonality can bevisualized by inverting the rear face so that orthogonal
signals always appear in the same location withdifferent color. So, Blue means back side (negativevalue for that component of the Stokes vector), X means
X-tributary, O means Y-tributary, and the Stokes vector
is plotted so that left, down, blue are all negative on thesphere.
InvertedRearFace – Checking this box inverts therear face of the Poincaré sphere display so that two
orthogonal polarizations will always be on top of eachother.

Poincaré Sphere window.

I M PA I R M E N T M E AS U R E M E N T A N D C O M P E N SAT I O NWhen studying transmission implementations,
it is important to be able to compensate for the
impairments created by long fiber runs or opticalcomponents.
Chromatic Dispersion (CD), and Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) are two important linear impairments that canbe measured or corrected by the OMA software. PMD measurement is based on comparison of the received signal
to the back-to-back transmitter signal or to an ideal signal. This produces a direct measure of the PMD instead of
estimating based on adaptive filter behavior. You can specify the number of PMD orders to calculate. Accuracy for1st-order PMD is ~1 ps at 10 Gbaud. There is no intrinsic limit to the CD compensation algorithm. It has been usedsuccessfully to compensate for many thousands of ps/nm.

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R EC O R D I N G A N D P L AY BAC K

You can record the workspace as a sequence of .MAT
files using the record button in the Offline ribbon.
These files are recorded in a default directory, usually
the MATLAB working directory, unless previously
changed. You can play back the workspace from asequence of .MAT files by first using the Load buttonin the Offline Commands section of the Home ribbon.
Load a sequence by marking the files you want to loadusing the Ctrl key and marking the filenames with themouse. You can also load a contiguous series using theShift key and marking the first and last filenames in theseries with the mouse. Use the Run button in the Offline
Commands section of the Home ribbon to cycle throughthe .MAT files you recorded. All filtering and processing
you have implemented occurs on the recorded files as
they are replayed.

Workspace record and playback.

M U LT I - C A R R I E R A N D M U LT I - O M A S U P P O RT

Even as 100G and 200G coherent optical systems are being deployed, architectures for 400G, 1T, and beyond
are being proposed and developed. Two important approaches include the “superchannel” and spatial-divisionmultiplexing on few-mode or multi-core fibers. The configurations of superchannels vary, while optical MIMO systems
are still in the research phase. Clearly, flexible test tools are needed for such next-generation systems.

Multi-carrier setup

Multi-carrier measurements

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U S E R- D E F I N A B L E S U P E R C H A N N E LS

For manufacturers getting a jump on superchannels, or
researchers investigating alternatives, user-definablesuperchannel configurations are a must.
The multicarrier lets you set up as many carriers within
the superchannel definition as necessary. Each carrier
can have an arbitrary center frequency; no carrier grid
spacing is imposed. The carrier center frequencies canbe set as absolute values (in THz) or as relative values (inGHz).
Typically, the application software retunes the IQRX
local oscillator for each carrier. However, in cases
where multiple carriers will fit within the oscilloscope
bandwidth, multiple carriers can be demodulated insoftware from a common local oscillator frequency.
This provides the flexibility to specify the preferred local
oscillator frequency for each carrier.
Superchannel spectrum
For software version 3.x the channels may also span
multiple Optical Modulation Analyzers. This facilitates
simultaneous recovery of widely spaced carriers or separate spatial channels. The data is simultaneously acquired
and analyzed from the OMAs and presented in the multi-channel analysis plots. The simultaneously collected dataalso resides in the Matlab Engine using cell-array variables. These data may be used by researchers to do their own
multi-channel signal processing.

AU TO M AT E D M E AS U R E M E N TS

Once the superchannel is configured, the OMA software can take measurements on each channel without further
intervention. The software automatically tunes the IQ-RX local oscillator, takes measurements at that channel,
re-tunes to the next channel, and so on, until measurements of the entire superchannel have been taken. Results ofeach channel are displayed in real-time and persist after all measurements are made for easy comparison.

I N T EG R AT E D M E AS U R E M E N T R E S U LTS

All of the same measurement results that are made for single channels are also available for individual channels in asuperchannel configuration.
Additionally, multi-carrier measurement results are available side-by-side for comparison between channels.
Visualizations such as eye diagrams, constellation diagrams, and optical spectrum plots can be viewed a single
channel at a time, or with all channels superimposed for fast comparison.
For separating channels in a multi-carrier group, several different filters can be applied, including raised cosine,
Bessel, Butterworth, Nyquist, and user- defined filters. These filters can be any order or roll-off factor and track thesignal frequency.

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R EC E I V E R T E ST

The OMA software can perform many of thecoherent receiver measurements specified in the OIF
Implementation Agreements and elsewhere. These
measurements include:z Small signal bandwidth, including:z Absolute magnitude frequency
z Response relative I/Q and X/Yz Magnitude response relative I/Q and X/Yphase response
P/N, I/Q and X/Y skew
Total harmonicz
Distortion Imagez
Rejection ratioz Quadrature phasez Error IQ; XY gain imbalance IQ phase errorz O/E frequency responsezzRelevant measurements are a function of wavelength.
In order to optimize test time, you can specify the startand stop wavelengths, the step size, and a wide rangeof other parameters. The Wavelength Sweep canalso produce a calibration file that is used by OM1106
software to correct for coherent receiver impairments.
Test results are displayed both graphically andnumerically based upon the user’s preference. Somereceiver test measurements require the use of the PXIERXTester-1000 Receiver Calibration Source. The newsoftware version 3.0 software supports the faster tuning
laser available in the PXIE-RXTester-1000. With the fasttuning laser, coherent receiver characteristics can bemeasured in a matter of minutes.

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I N T E R ACT I O N B E T W E E N O M A A N D M AT L A B

You do not need any familiarity with MATLAB; the OMA
software can manage all MATLAB interactions.
The OMA software takes information about the signal provided by the user together with acquisition data from theoscilloscope and passes them to the MATLAB workspace. A series of MATLAB scripts are then called to process
the data and produce the resulting field variables. The software then retrieves these variables and plots them.
Automated tests can be accomplished by connecting to the OMA software or by connecting directly to the MATLAB
workspace.
Advanced users can access the MATLAB interface internal functions to create user-defined demodulators andalgorithms, or for custom analysis visualization.

OMA

MATLAB

OMA

Write analysis parameters
to MATLAB workspace

Clock recovery
Polarization estimation

Plot results: eyes,
constellation diagrams,
Poincaré sphere

Phase estimation

Report bit errors

Ambiguity resolution

Report Q-factors,
constellation parameters

Acquire oscilloscope data
Write data to MATLAB
worksapce

Second phase estimate
Count bit errors
Calculate constellation
parameters

Vblock
SigType,
Freq window, etc.

MATLAB
workspace

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zXSym, zYSym,
zX, zY, DecTh, etc.

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S I G N A L P R O C E S S I N G A P P R OAC H

At each step the best algorithms are chosen for the
specified data type, requiring no user intervention
unless desired.
For real-time sampled systems, the first step after data acquisition is to recover the clock and retime the data
at 1 sample per symbol at the symbol center for the polarization separation and following algorithms (shown as
upper path in the figure). The data is also re-sampled at 10X the baud rate (user settable) to define the traces thatinterconnect the symbols in the eye diagram or constellation (shown as the lower path).
The clock recovery approach depends on the specified signal type. Laser phase is then recovered based on thesymbol-center samples. Once the laser phase is recovered, the modulation part of the field is available for alignment
to the expected data for each tributary. At this point bit errors can be counted by looking for the difference between
the actual and expected data after accounting for all possible ambiguities in data polarity. The software selects thepolarity with the lowest BER. Once the actual data is known, a second phase estimate can be done to remove errorsthat may result from a laser phase jump. Once the field variables are calculated, they are available for retrieval anddisplay by the OMA software.

Scope sample rate

Symbol rate

Clock
RetimeEstimate
Clock

Apply
Phase

Apply
Phase

Estimate
SOP

Estimate
Phase

Align
Tribs

Symbol center
E-field

Estimate
Phase

Scope
recordCount bit errors
Q-factor
Const params

Clock
RetimeScope sample rate

Apply
Phase

Continuous
E-field

N x symbol rate

Data flow through the “Core Processing” engine.

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The OM1106 software includes the MATLAB source codefor the “CoreProcessing” engine (certain proprietaryfunctions are provided as compiled code).
You can customize the signal processing flow, or insert or remove processes as desired. Alternatively, you canremove all Tektronix processing and completely replace it with your own. By using the existing variables defined forthe data structures, you can then see the results of analysis processing using the rich visualizations provided by the
OMA software. This lets you focus your time on algorithms rather than on tasks such as acquiring data from theoscilloscope or displaying constellation diagrams.

DY N A M I C M AT L A B I N T EG R AT I O N

Customizing the CoreProcessing algorithms provides
an excellent way to conduct signal processing research.
In order to speed up development of signal processing
the OM1106 software provides a dynamic MATLAB
integration window. Any MATLAB code typed in thiswindow is executed on every pass through the signal
processing loop.
This lets you quickly add or “comment out” function calls,
write specific values into data structures, or modify
signal processing parameters on the fly, without needing
to stop the processing loop or modify the Matlab source
code.

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The following are some of the CoreProcessing functions
used to analyze the coherent signal. Full details onthese functions, their use in the processing flow, andthe MATLAB variable used, are available in the OM1106
user manual.
EstimateClock
Determines the symbol clock frequency of a digital
data-carrying optical signal based on oscilloscope
waveform records. The scope sampling rate may bearbitrary (having no integer relationship) compared tothe symbol rate.
ClockRetime
Forms an output parameter p, representing a dualpolarization signal versus time, from four oscilloscope
waveforms V. The output p is retimed to be aligned withthe timing grid specified by Clock.
EstimateSOP
Reports the state of polarization (SOP) of the tributaries
in the optical signal. The result is provided in the form ofan orthogonal (rotation) matrix RotM. For a polarization
multiplexed signal the first column of RotM is the SOP of
the first tributary, and the second column the SOP of thesecond tributary.
For a single tributary signal, the first column is the SOPof the tributary, and the second column is orthogonal
to it. The signal is transformed into its basis set(the tributaries horizontal vertical polarizations) bymultiplying by the inverse of RotM.
AlignTribs
Performs ambiguity resolution. The function acts onvariable which is already corrected for phase andstate of polarization, but for which the tributaries havenot been ordered.AlignTribs uses the data content of
the tributaries to distinguish between them. AlignTribs
processes the data patterns in order according to themodulation format, starting with X-I. For each pattern it
tries to match the given data pattern with the available
tributaries of the signal. If the same pattern is used formore than one tributary, the relative pattern delays will
be used to distinguish between them.
The use of delay as a secondary condition to distinguishbetween tributaries means that AlignTribs will workwith transmission experiments that use a single data
pattern generator which is split several ways withdifferent delays. The delay search is performed only
over a limited range of 1000 bits in the case of PRBS
patterns, so this method of distinguishing tributaries
will not usually work when using separate data patterngenerators programmed with the same PRBS.

EstimatePhase
Estimates the phase of the optical signal. The algorithm
used is known to be close to the optimal estimate of thephase. The algorithm first determines the heterodyne
frequency offset and then estimates the phase. The
phase reported in the .Values field is after the frequency
offset has been subtracted.
ApplyPhase
Multiplies the values representing a single or dual
polarization parameters versus time by a phase factor
to give a resulting set of values.
Spect
Estimates the power spectral density of the opticalsignal using a discrete Fourier transform. It can take any
many of our time waveforms as input such as correctedoscilloscope input data, front-end processed data,
polarization separated data, averaged data, and FIR
data. It can also apply Hanning or Flat-Top window filtersand produce the desired resolution bandwidth over a set
frequency range.
GenPattern
Generates a sequence of logical values, 0s and 1s, given
an exact data pattern. The exact pattern specifies not
only the form of the sequence but also the place it starts
and the data polarity. The data pattern specified may
be a pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) or a specified
sequence.
LaserSpectrum
Estimates the power spectral density of the laser
waveform in units of dBc. The function LaserSpectrum
takes ThetaSym, the estimated relative laser phasesampled at the symbol rate, as input and defines thefrequency centered laser waveform. This waveformis then scaled by a hamming window, and the power
spectral density of the waveform is estimated as thediscrete Fourier transform of this signal.
QDecThUses the decision threshold method to estimate the
Q-factor of a component of the optical signal. The
method is useful because it quickly gives an accurate
estimate of Q-factor (the output signal-to- noise ratio)even if there are no bit errors, or if it would take a longtime to wait for a sufficient number of bit errors.

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Characteristic

D escri pti on

Multi-channel eye

Displays coherent eye diagrams for each channel in a multi-channel measurement.

Multi-channel measurements

Displays all numerical measurements by channel.

Multi-carrier spectrum

Displays the spectra collected on each channel and each OMA of a multi-channel
measurement.

EVM versus channel and Q versus

Channel plots graphical display these measurements versus channel number.

Multi-channel constellation

Displays the Constellation Diagram for each channel of a multi-channel measurement.

Constellation diagram

Constellation diagram accuracy including intradyne and demodulation error can bemeasured by the RMS error of the constellation points divided by the magnitude of theelectric field for each polarization signal.

Constellation elongation

Ratio of constellation height to width.

Constellation phase angle

Measure of transmitter IQ phase angle.

Constellation I and Q bias

Measure of average symbol position relative to the origin.

IQ offset

The ratio between the carrier leakage power and the signal power in dB. This metric is
impacted by Quadrature Error, Real and Imaginary bias.

IQ imbalance

The ratio of the real and imaginary constellation size in dB. It is related to the linear
measure, Elongation.

Quadrature error

The deviation of the transmitter IQ phase from 90 degrees.

Constellation mask

User-settable allowed EVM level. Symbols violating the mask are counted.

Eye Decision threshold Q-factor

The actual Q achieved will depend on the quality of the data signal, the signal amplitude,
and the oscilloscope used for digitalization.

Decision threshold Q-plot

Displays BER versus decision threshold for each eye opening. The Q value at optimum
decision threshold is the Q-factor.

Frequency response

The normalized power output from each receiver channel when excited by two opticalfields with a given frequency difference (a given heterodyne frequency).

3-dB point

The frequency at which the response of a receiver channel has fallen by 3 dB relative to
its response near zero frequency.

Image rejection ratio

The ratio between the power in the negative (image) and positive frequency components
in the receiver output when excited by a signal with positive frequency.

Common mode rejection ratio

A measure of the departure from the ideal behavior of the differential, balanced
photodetectors in a receiver.

Channel skew

The relative time delay between the signals output from each channel of a receiver.

Phase error

The departure of the phase angle between I and Q signals near zero frequency from theideal value of 90°.

Phase response

The I-Q phase difference as a function of frequency.

Phase skew

The linear part of the phase response.

Phase distortion

The phase response after subtracting the phase skew.

Total harmonic distortion

The ratio between the power in higher harmonics of the output signal to the power in thefundamental frequency when excited by a sinusoidal input.

Relative gain

Ratios between the frequency response of different channels.

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Characteristic

D escri pti on

Amplitude

The peak-to-peak voltage of the signal output from each channel when excited by asinusoidal input.

Relative amplitude

Ratios between the amplitudes of the signals produced by different channels.

Signal spectrum and laser spectrum

Display of signal electric field versus time in the complex plane FFT of power signal or
laser phase noise.

MATLAB window

Commands may be entered that execute each time signals are acquired and processed.

Measurements versus time

Pre-defined measurement versus time measurements include Optical field, symbolcenter values, errors, and averaged waveforms. Any parameter can be plotted versus
time using a custom-created MATLAB expression.

3D measurements

3D Eye (complex field values versus time), and 3D Poincaré Sphere for symbol andtributary polarization display.

Differential Eye Diagram display

Balanced or single-ended balanced detection is emulated and displayed in the
Differential Eye Diagram.

Frequency offset

Frequency offset between signal and reference lasers is displayed in Measurement
panel.

Poincarè Sphere

Polarizations of the Pol-muxed signal tributaries are tracked and displayed on the
Poincaré Sphere. PER is measured.

Signal quality

EVM, Q-factor, and mask violations.

Tributary skew

A time offset for each tributary is reported in the Measurement panel.

CD compensation

No intrinsic limit for offline processing – FIR-based filter to remove CD in frequency
domain based on a given dispersion value.

PMD measurement

PMD values are displayed in the Measurement panel for Polarization-multiplexed
formats with a user- specified number of PMD orders.

Oscilloscope and/or cable delay
compensation

The OMA software corrects cable, oscilloscope, and receiver skew through interpolation.
Additional cable adjustment is available using the oscilloscope UI.

Calibration routines

Receiver Skew, Frequency response, DC Offset, and Path Gain Mismatch Hybrid angle
and state of polarization. Receiver frequency response, SOP, gain, and phase angle arefactory calibrated.

Data export formats

MATLAB (other formats available through MATLAB or ATE interface); PNG.

Raw data replay with different parametersetting

Movie mode and reprocessing.

Bit Error Ratio measurements

Number of counted bits/symbols.
Number or errors detected.
Bit error ratio.
Differential-detection errors.
Save acquisition on detected error.

Offline processing

Run software on a separate PC or on the oscilloscope.

Coherent eye diagram

Shows the In-Phase or Quadrature components versus time modulo two bit periods.

Power eye diagram

Shows the computed power per polarization vs time modulo 2 bit periods.

Note: Most features require a real-time oscilloscope.

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O M A T EC H N I C A L S P EC I F I C AT I O N S

General Specifications
Dimensions (H x W x D)

IQRX
44.1 x 440 x 528 mm | 1.74 x 17.32 x 20.79 inch

Weight~ 9.2 kg | ~ 20.3 lbs

Operating temperature range

5 °C to 45 °C | 41 °F to 113 °F

Storage temperature range-40 °C to 70 °C | -40 °F to 158 °F

Model Number

10 0 2

Operating wavelength range

10 0 41527 to 1630 nm

Number of polarizations

2

RF outputs

4: Xi, Xq, Yi, Yq

Optical connector type

FC/PC, FC/APC

Coherent receiver RF connector type

2.4 mm female

1.85 mm female

Photodetector bandwidth (-3 dB)1

> 45 GHz (Typical)> 70 GHz (Typical)

RF impedence

50 ohms

Low frequency cutoff

0 Hz

Damage level external LO input+ 25 dBm

Damage level signal input+ 25 dBm

Polarization extinction ratio LO input> 20 dBI Q R X-10 0 2 +I Q R X-10 0 4 +

D P O73 3 0 4 SX 3 3 G H ZO S C I L LO S C O P E S

D P O7 70 0 2 SX 70 G H ZO S C I L LO S C O P E S

66 GBaud

140 GBaud33 GHz70 GHz62.5 mVfs to 6 Vfs

100 mVfs to 300 mVfs

62.5 M/Ch

62.5 M/Ch

Extended record length (optional)

1 G/Ch

1 G/ChOscilloscope sample rate

100 GS/s

200 GS/s

8 bits8 bitsRelative skew after correction 2< ± 0.5 ps< ± 0.5 ps

Quadrature error after correction 2< ± 0.5°< ± 0.5°< 1.3% at 2.5GHz, < 1.8% at 10GHz< 1.3% at 2.5GHz, < 1.8% at 10GHz> 40 dB> 40 dB

System Specifications
Maximum detectable symbol rate
System bandwidth 2
Oscilloscope sensitivity range
Record length (standard)

ADC resolution

EVM noise floor 3
Image suppression ratio 3

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O M A T EC H N I C A L S P EC I F I C AT I O N SInternal Laser Specifications

10 0 2

Number of internal lasers

10 0 42

Maximum optical CW output power+ 15.0 dBm

Minimum optical CW output power+ 8 dBm

Internal laser wavelength tuning range

1527.60 to 1568.70 nm

Minimum wavelength step

~1 ppmMinimum frequency step

100 MHz

Tuning time/sweep speed< 30 sAbsolute wavelength accuracy

10 ppmLinewidth (short term)< 100 kHz, 25 kHz (Typical)

Sidemode Suppression Ratio (SMSR)

55 dB (Typical)

Relative Intensity Noise (RIN)- 145 dB/Hz (10 MHz to 40 GHz)

Notes
* Preliminary specifications only as of November 2020. All specifications are subject to change without notice.
1.
2.

Bandwidth of individual photodetectors in balanced pair.
When paired with DPO70000SX series oscilloscopes. Digitally compensated.

Instrument dimensions

3.

Test conditions: Dual polarization, 13GHz channel bandwidth, 2.5GHz or 10GHz
frequency offset, 13.5dBm LO input power, 8.0dBm signal input power, Viterbi& Viterbi phase estimation.

Rear panel connections

44.1 mm

440 mm

528 mmSYST E M R EQ U I R E M E N TS

Supported platforms for the OM1106 Optical Modulation
Analysis (OMA) software:z Computer with nVidia graphics card running US
Windows 10 64-bit and MATLAB 2016a (64-bit)z Computer with nVidia graphics card running US
Windows 7 64-bit and MATLAB version 2011b (64-bit),2014a (64-bit) or 2016a (64-bit) Computer with nVidia
graphics card running US Windows XP 32-bit and
MATLAB 2009a (32-bit)

The following platforms are supported but may not
be able to use certain advanced graphics features
such as color grade and 3D: Tektronix 70000 Series
Oscilloscopes running Windows 7 64-bit and MATLAB
2011b (64-bit)z Computer with non-nVidia graphics running US
Windows 7 64-bit and MATLAB
z 2011b (64-bit) Computer with non-nVidia graphics
running US Windows XP 32-bit and MATLAB 2009a(32-bit)

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O R D E R I N G I N FO R M AT I O NModel number
1002 = 45 GHz Photodetector bandwidth1004 = 70 GHz Photodetector bandwidth

IQRX - X X X X - X X

Connector type
FC = FC/PC
FA = FC/APC

IQRX - R M

Side mounting brackets for 19-inch racks

Signal analyzer software
OM1106 = Optical Modulation Analysis software

Individual oscilloscopes
DPO77002SX = ATI performance oscilloscopewith 1 Ch x 70 GHz, 200 GS/s or 2 Ch x 33 GHz, 100 GS/s
DPO75902SX = ATI performance oscilloscopewith 1 Ch x 59 GHz, 200 GS/s or 2 Ch x 33 GHz, 100 GS/s
DPO75002SX = ATI performance oscilloscopewith 1 Ch x 50 GHz, 200 GS/s or 2 Ch x 33 GHz, 100 GS/s
DPO73304SX = Digital phosphor oscilloscopewith 2 Ch x 33 GHz, 100 GS/s or 4 Ch x 23 GHz, 50 GS/s
DPO72304SX = Digital phosphor oscilloscopewith 2 Ch x 23 GHz, 100 GS/s or 4 Ch x 23 GHz, 50 GS/s

OM1106 options
OM1106 = Optical Modulation Analysis (OMA) Software
only
OM1106 QAM = Adds QAM and other software
demodulators
OM1106 MCS = Adds multi-carrier superchannel support
Record length options
Opt. 10XL = 125 MS/Ch
Opt. 20XL = 250 MS/Ch
Opt. 50XL = 500 MS/Ch on 4 channels, 1 GS/Ch
on 2 channels

Multi-unit systems
DPS77004SX = 70GHz ATI Performance Oscilloscope
System: 2 Ch x 70 GHz, 200 GS/s or 4 Ch x 33 GHz,
100 GS/s
DPS75904SX = 59GHz ATI Performance Oscilloscope
System: 2 Ch x 59 GHz, 200 GS/s or 4 Ch x 33 GHz,
100 GS/s
DPS75004SX = 50GHz ATI Performance Oscilloscope
System: 2 Ch x 50 GHz, 200 GS/s or 4 Ch x 33 GHz,
100 GS/s
DPS73308SX = 33GHz Digital Phosphor Oscilloscope
System: 4 Ch x 33 GHz, 100 GS/s or 8 Ch x 23 GHz,
50 GS/s

WA R R A N T Y I N FO R M AT I O NThis product comes with a standard 1 year warranty.

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E X T E N D E D WA R R A N T I E S A N D C A L I B R AT I O N P L A N S

With an Extended Warranty and Calibration Plan you
can spend more time focused on your priorities and lesstime worrying about maintenance.
Over time and with regular use, all optical parts and connectors require re-calibration and maintenance toguarantee accurate and reliable performance.

Add a 3 or 5 year Extended Warranty at the time ofpurchase.
Guarantee peak
performance

Lower cost of ownership

Peace of mind

Ensure your equipment is operating
at its best for reliable and accurate
results.

Lock in savings and maximise
your budget with a lower cost ofownership.

Spend less time worrying aboutmaintenance and more on
generating results.

C A L I B R AT I O N P L A N S FO R A D D I T I O N A L D I S C O U N TS

Order a Calibration Plan when you purchase your
Quantifi Photonics’ test instruments and qualify for
additional discounts.
10% Discount

25% DiscountOn calibrations ordered at the timeof purchase.

Add on an extended warranty
and receive a 25% discount on
calibrations.

With an instrument calibration performed by Quantifi Photonics technicians you receive.
z Comprehensive calibration to factory specifications.
z End-to-end inspection to ensure all instrument
functions are working and connectors are clean.

z Firmware, software and documentation updates.
z Certificate of Calibration which includes detailed test
results.

We recommend Quantifi Photonics optical instruments are re-calibrated every 12 months.

How to purchaseContact your Quantifi Photonics sales representative about our Extended Warranty or Calibration Plans or email

sales@quantifiphotonics.com.

Extended Warranties and Calibration Plans must be ordered at the time of purchase and are available only for Quantifi Photonics’ products. The 25% calibration
discount only applies to calibrations while the product is covered by the Extended Warranty period.

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W H Y C H O O S E Q UA N T I F I P H OTO N I C S

Test.
Measure.
Solve.
Quantifi Photonics is transforming the world of photonics test andmeasurement. Our portfolio of optical and electrical test instruments is
rapidly expanding to meet the needs of engineers and scientists around theglobe. From enabling ground-breaking experiments to driving highly efficient
production testing, you’ll find us working with customers to solve complex
problems with experience and innovation.

To ﬁnd out more, get in touch with us today.
General Enquiries
Technical Support
Phone
North America

sales@quantifiphotonics.com
support@quantifiphotonics.com+64 9 478 4849
+1-800-803-8872

quantifiphotonics.com© 2021 Quantifi Photonics Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, adapted, or translated in any form or by any means without the priorpermission from Quantifi Photonics Ltd. All specifications are subject to change without notice. Please contact Quantifi Photonics for the latest information.

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