外

（令和

）年度

月

日［

分］◎

国

語

（英

注

語）

意

．監督者の指示があるまで問題を見ないこと。
．声を出して問題を読まないこと。
．問題は

ページ、

から

まである。

．問題や解答用紙に落丁、乱丁、汚損あるいは印刷不鮮明の箇所があれば、手をあげて監督者に申し出ること。
．解答は必ず黒色鉛筆を使用し、解答用紙に記入すること。
．解答は解答用紙の解答欄の記号にマークすること。
．訂正箇所は、消しゴムできれいに消すこと。
．解答欄には、関係のない符号や文字あるいはメモなどを記入しないこと。
．解答用紙を折ったり汚したりしないこと。
．問題用紙は持ち帰ること。

意味の通る文法的に正しい文を完成させるのにもっとも適切なものを選びなさ
い。
［各

点］

．It is no use（）the problem with them anymore.

Ａ．discuss

Ｂ．of having discussed

Ｃ．discussing

Ｄ．of discussing．Why don’t you bring（）your new product idea at our nextplanning meeting?
Ａ．for

Ｂ．up

Ｃ．to

．I had to study for the test;（

Ｄ．with）I would have gone to his

farewell party.
Ａ．neverthelessＢ．stillＣ．insteadＤ．otherwise．Recently a lot of Shakespeare’s plays have been（
Ａ．adjusted．
（

Ｂ．adapted

Ｃ．accepted）to film.
Ｄ．admitted）was mistaken in believing Nancy’s story.

Ａ．I and he

Ｂ．Both he and I

Ｃ．Whether he or I

Ｄ．Not only he but also I．The lecture（）started by the time we arrive at the hall.

Ａ．had alreadyＢ．will have alreadyＣ．was alreadyＤ．has already◎．In this country, the maximum penalty for a parking violation is a
）
.

$100（
Ａ．fare．
（Ｂ．costＣ．debtＤ．fine）works by natural selection on changes in organisms due torandom changes in their DNA.
Ａ．Revolution

Ｂ．Evolution

Ｃ．Solution

Ｄ．Resolution．More than 30 farm ministers and deputy ministers were（）

the meeting.
Ａ．assembled for

Ｂ．formed byＣ．consisted inＤ．composed of．I couldn’t walk, and my knees hurt so bad. I just（）got outof bed.
Ａ．easilyＢ．cheerfully

Ｃ．barely．Could I have your email address just（Ａ．at mostＢ．by chance

Ｄ．lively）there is a problem?

Ｃ．in caseＤ．on time．Most of the apartment buildings in this area are all（）andcannot be converted into offices.
Ａ．occupied

Ｂ．resembled

Ｃ．required

Ｄ．surrounded．Donating your body to science is considered an unselfish act（
Ａ．for society’s benefit

Ｂ．for society’s credit

Ｃ．to society’s advantage

Ｄ．to society’s profit◎）.

．Sarah has great（）for those in need and has been making

contributions to charities.
Ａ．inspiration

Ｂ．compassion

Ｃ．emotion

Ｄ．submission．Donnie（）the head coach position and was excited to be

selected.
Ａ．devoted toＢ．carried out

Ｃ．searched on

Ｄ．applied for．We need to understand（）to make this project a success.

Ａ．every other

Ｂ．one another

Ｃ．one after anotherＤ．every now and then

．Kevin’s rude behavior is something that we can’t（Ａ．throw out

Ｂ．stand forＣ．turn in．He said nothing, but I noticed a（）.
Ｄ．give in）smile appeared in thecorner of his mouth.
Ａ．faint．Twopeople（Ｂ．slow）inthe

Ｃ．broad

car

crash

on

Ｄ．hugethemanaged to get out before emergency services arrived.
Ａ．had injury

Ｂ．injured

Ｃ．were injured

Ｄ．have injured◎

expresswaybut

．A home country is where oneʼs family and friends are, so it is aplace where one can feel safe and（Ａ．looseＢ．attentive◎）.
Ｃ．secure

Ｄ．conscious

語句を並べ替えてもっとも自然な英文を完成させ、番目と番目に入れるものの記号を書きなさい。ただし、文頭に来る語も小文字にしてある。
［各．It will not（

（
）

（
）

（
）

）
（

）
（

Ａ．be

Ｂ．before

Ｃ．longＤ．she

Ｅ．turns

Ｆ．up

．The（

）
（

）
（

）
（

点］

）.

）
（

）
（

）from

Ａ．evidence

Ｂ．the destruction

Ｃ．of

Ｄ．showed

Ｅ．photographs ofＦ．the coastthehurricane.

．The police（
（

（
）

（
）

（
）

）main highway in the（）so many accidents recently.

Ａ．theＢ．examined

Ｃ．had

Ｄ．why

Ｅ．city

Ｆ．has

．You

）

cannot（

（
）

（
）

）in（

）
（

）
（

）at

any time.
Ａ．a

Ｂ．be

Ｃ．car

Ｄ．cautious

Ｅ．driving

Ｆ．too．In contemporary Japanese life, flower arrangement has become formany

people

a（

）
（

）
（

）
（

）
（

attractive.
Ａ．aＢ．making

Ｃ．moreＤ．of

Ｅ．room

Ｆ．way

◎

）
（

）

．I’llfinish（）

reading（

（
）

）
（

）
（

）
（

）

month.
Ａ．books

Ｂ．thoseＣ．hersＤ．of

Ｅ．a

Ｆ．within

．This

）
（

book（

）to（

）
（

）
（

）
（

）an

introduction to law.
Ａ．be

Ｂ．moreＣ．no

Ｄ．thanＥ．intended

Ｆ．is．Christie often（

（
）

（

）
.

（
）

（
）

）her boss is arrogant and（Ａ．complains

Ｂ．difficult

Ｃ．to

Ｄ．dealＥ．withＦ．that．When（

）
（

）
（

）
（

）
（

）
（

）have

）

an

interview with Mr. Furukawa?
Ａ．you

Ｂ．for

Ｃ．it

Ｄ．is

Ｅ．to

Ｆ．convenient．Martin（
（

（
）

）
（
（
）

）
（

）most

of

his

summer

）.

Ａ．stories

Ｂ．to

Ｃ．readingＤ．plans

Ｅ．detective

Ｆ．spend◎vacation次の文章を筋の通ったものにするために、枠内にあるＡ〜Ｄからもっとも適切なものを選び（こと）［各）の中に入れなさい。（＊印の語（句）は注を参考にする

点］（Ａ）
Ａ．Even so, tribal leaders selected little Sobhuza as the next king.
Ｂ．Yet, he still needs almost a half century to tie the record of his
father, the longest ruling king in history.
Ｃ．Due

to

his

schooling,

he

was

known

for

being

equally

comfortable chatting with his countrymen in traditional tribal
clothing or dining in a tuxedo with European dignitaries*.
Ｄ．When he died, every man and woman in the country, about
600,000 people, shaved their heads in mourning.

The world record for the longest reign of any monarch belongs to
the former King of Swaziland, a country now known as Eswatini*. King
Sobhuza II held his position for an amazing 82 years and 254 days,
during which time he helped guide his tiny African nation through its
long years as a British protectorate* into full independent status.
One does not reign for over 82 years without unusual circumstances.
Sobhuza’s father, King Ngwane V, died suddenly in 1899. At the time,
Sobhuza II was still a baby, only four months old.（ ⑴ ）As he could
not yet even walk, control of the nation passed to his grandmother, who
had a substantial political role under King Ngwane V as well. Sobhuza’s
grandmother oversaw the young king’s education, sending him to schoolin South Africa. She stepped aside when Sobhuza II turned 22 years old.
Swaziland became a British protectorate in 1903, meaning that,while local rulers still governed, Britain retained indirect control. This◎

was the situation that Sobhuza II inherited, and he was perfect for therole.（⑵）His countrymen bestowed him with the complementary

nickname, “The Lion.”
Sobhuza II was 69 when Swaziland earned independence fromBritain. He was recognized as head of state, and five years later in
1973, he dissolved the parliament and ruled as an absolute monarch
until his death in 1982. During his reign, Sobhuza II stressed educationand cooperation as the ways for Swaziland to prosper. His long years asking were seen as a time of peace.（ ⑶ ）Sobhuza II was said to have as many as seventy wives and perhaps
200 children. One of his sons, Msawati III, eventually followed his father
as king and has now reigned for more than thirty years.（ ⑷ ）［注］dignitary: 高官

Eswatini: エスワティニ王国◎

protectorate: 保護領

（Ｂ）

Ａ．After viewing online performances, younger generations havebecomeintriguedbythetheremin

sound

and

performancetechnique.
Ｂ．This difficulty hurt the theremin’s popularity, especially after thedawn of electronic synthesizers and computer music in the 1950s
and 1960s.
Ｃ．Serious musicians took up the instrument, and for 20 years or
more, the future of the theremin looked bright.
Ｄ．The performer touches nothing and his or her hands appear to
be dancing in the air.

It looks weird and sounds weird, yet it is also captivating. Such is
the theremin, one of the oddest musical instruments in the world. Few
people have witnessed a theremin performance, but those who have cannever forget it. The visual impact lingers on and the music enchants
two compelling reasons why this ” grandfather” of electronic music
continues to survive even now, close to a century after its invention.
The theremin works by passing an electronic current between two
metal antennas. One antenna controls volume and the other controls
pitch. The theremin performer plays the instrument by moving his or
her hands through this current. The distance between the hands and theantennas changes the amplitude* and tone of the music.
（⑸）The music that is produced has an eerie*, almost science

fiction-like quality. All of this creates a mysterious atmosphere, which isfurther enhanced by the intense concentration of the performer.
The theremin was invented by Russian scientist Leon Theremin in◎1920. Theremin demonstrated his new instrument in Europe and thenbrought it to the US, where it was patented in 1928. Sales were nevergood, but theremin performances drew curious crowds.（ ⑹ ）Yet, theinstrument proved hard to master and required much practice.
（⑺）These new forms of electronic music were much easier tolearn and play, so the theremin fell out of popularity. It might havedisappeared altogether if not for the occasional film director who wishedto incorporate the unique theremin effect into a movie or hobbyists who
enjoyed making theremins from scratch with craft kits.
The media explosion of the last twenty years has brought thetheremin some renewed interest.（⑻ ）While the theremin may neverreach the popularity once envisioned by its inventor, it has solidified its
place among modern musical instruments. This unusual instrument
continues to charm audiences even today.

［注］amplitude: 大きさ

eerie: 不気味な◎

次の英文を読んで、質問に答えなさい。（＊印の語（句）は注を参考にするこ
と）
［各

点］

（Ａ）Dominoes is an old yet popular game that uses black and white
rectangular tiles. The tiles are divided into two sections with one to six
dots on each section. When playing dominoes, players match one end ofa tile on the table with one they have. As the game progresses, tiles
form a kind of chain, connected by matching dots, on a table or hardsurface. Players try to be the first one to place all of their tiles in thisconnected, snake-like chain, and the first one to do that is the winner.
Some people have found that playing with dominoes can be just as
fun or perhaps even more fun than playing the game itself. People willtake much time and effort to stand each tile up in such a way thatwhen one is tipped over*, a chain reaction occurs in which all thedominoes fall one by one, causing a “domino effect.” This activity itself
is called “domino toppling*,” and it has become quite popular all over
the world. People work individually or in groups to arrange dominoes inpatterns and sequences for a domino run. The dominoes used in adomino run are often of different colors and sometimes even sizes so
that

the

builders

cancreatespecialdesigns

andimages.

Three-

dimensional designs along with spirals and staircase special effects aredifferent types of techniques that builders use to make interesting andfun images.
Domino toppling has become a specialized form of art, and for the
past half-century, public art shows have emerged where domino topplers
create beautiful and complex patterns of falling dominoes. The first suchshow occurred in 1976 in the US, when an 18-year-old named Bob Speca
Jr. toppled a display of 11,111 dominoes. Speca’s art created a “domino
effect” or a chain reaction of similar shows all around the world. Before◎long, Speca’s first amazing display of 11,111 dominoes falling over one
after another began to look tiny as more and more builders tried tomake larger, longer and more complex images. In 2005, a group in the
Netherlands

toppledanincredible

four

milliondominoes!

In

such

enormous shows, it can take hours or days to place all of the dominoes
in position for the toppling. Similarly, it can take hours for all of thedominoes to fall.
The complex and colorful arrangements have become increasingly
creative,

involvingspiralsandthree-dimensional

dominostructures.

Schools and community groups have fun creating their own designs. For
some groups, they strive to make not only interesting structures but also
set new world records for domino toppling. The old game of dominoes isstill popular but like many other things today it seems to have evolved
into an entirely different event. It has become a kinetic

or movingstyle of art.

［注］tip over: 倒す

domino toppling: ドミノ倒し．この英文の主旨は次のどれか。
Ａ．ドミノゲームではすべてのタイルを早く使い切った側が勝ちである。
Ｂ．ドミノゲームから派生したドミノ倒しは、芸術的要素を伴って発展した。
Ｃ．ボブ・スペカ Jr.が初めてドミノ効果を計測した。
Ｄ．ドミノ倒しはグループの協調性を養うのに適したゲームである。

．ドミノ倒しについて、本文の内容と一致するのは次のどれか。
Ａ．使われるタイルの形やサイズが元のゲームより多彩になった。
Ｂ．約

年前に

才の若者によりオランダで始められた。

Ｃ．すべてのタイルを同一の平面上に並べる必要がある。
Ｄ．すべてのタイルを倒すのに数日かかる場合がある。

◎

（Ｂ）Gypsy jazz is a style of music that fuses several geographicallydiverse musical traditions. It has remained relevant over the years
among jazz enthusiasts due to its distinctive style. Gypsy jazz wasdeveloped in Paris in the 1930s by a Romani man named Jean “Django”
Reinhardt. Reinhardt is a member of the Romani or Roma ethnic groupof people who emigrated from northern India roughly 1,500 years ago.
This group of people spread throughout Europe and Asia, and thehighest concentrations of Roma are found in eastern, central andsouthern Europe. Another name for the Roma people is Gypsy, and it isfrom this group of people that gypsy jazz got its name.
Reinhardt was an excellent guitarist. He learned to play the guitar
at a young age and became good enough as a teenager to draw
international attention among musicians. He recorded his first album in
1928 at the age of 18, but then a severe injury threatened his ability toever play the guitar again. In November 1928, the caravan wagon inwhich Reinhardt lived caught fire and he was badly burned over large
parts of his body. It took 18 months for him to recover in the hospital.
Severe burns deformed his left hand, making his ring finger and pinky
finger unusable. Four fingers of the left hand are normally used to play
the guitar, but Reinhardt could use only two. Remarkably, he devised a
new technique of playing the guitar with just two fingers. Though
Reinhardt seemed to have a limitation when compared with otherguitarists, his skill and speed were astonishing. His skill was such that
his technique of two-fingered playing was replicated* by other musicians
and this technique became one type of tradition associated with gypsy
jazz guitar music. However, it is not strictly required that gypsy jazz
guitarists play with only two fingers.
In the early 1930s, Reinhardt was heavily influenced by American◎jazz and developed his music around that style. Gypsy jazz, however, isdistinctive in several ways. Unlike American jazz, gypsy jazz never uses
drums or brass instruments. Rhythm is supplied by large guitars played
in a way that produces a rhythmic pumping sound, known as “laPompe.” No electric instruments are ever used in gypsy jazz, so
instruments like acoustic basses*, violins and accordions are used forboth the bassline and melody. The lead melody and solo portions ofsongs are played on a guitar with a small oval-shaped sound hole that
produces a high-pitched tone. The guitarist uses seashells for guitar
picks*, and these picks help to create the characteristic sharp sound of
the lead guitar.
Reinhardt’s most important band, “Le Quintette de Hot Club duFrance,” or “Le Quintette” for short, was comprised of an acoustic bass,
a violin, two rhythm guitars and a lead guitar played by Reinhardt
himself.

By

1938,

Le

Quintettehadbecomeahouseholdthroughout Europe and established gypsy jazz as a style of its own.

［注］replicate: 再現する

acoustic bass: コントラバス

guitar pick: ギターのピック（ギターを弾くための爪様のもの）．この英文の主題は次のどれか。
Ａ．ジプシージャズの楽器と演奏法の変遷
Ｂ．ラインハルトの人生における苦境とその克服
Ｃ．ジプシージャズの発展とラインハルトの功績
Ｄ．北米におけるジプシージャズの歴史

◎

name

．ラインハルトに関して、本文の内容と一致するのは次のどれか。
Ａ．アメリカに渡り、アメリカのジャズ演奏者と交流した。
Ｂ．レコードデビュー後にギタリストとして国際的に知られるようになった。
Ｃ．バンドではコントラバスとエレキギターを担当していた。
Ｄ．火事でひどい火傷を負い、一年半の入院を余儀なくされた。

．ジプシージャズに関して、本文の内容と一致するのは次のどれか。
Ａ．ギターを演奏する際は、右手の二本の指で弦をはじく。
Ｂ．ギターにドラムや管楽器を組み合わせて演奏することがある。
Ｃ．弦楽器やアコーディオンがメロディラインに使われることがある。
Ｄ．貝殻でギターの弦を弾くことで出される低い音を使うことがある。

◎

次のページに進みなさい◎

次の英文を読んで、質問に答えなさい。（＊印の語（句）は注を参考にするこ
と）
［各

点］

（Ａ）The Japanese economic miracle of the 1950s and 1960s grew froma landscape devastated by World War II. With this growth also came a
new school of architecture, one influenced by the concept of life adjusting
to harsh circumstances and then renewing itself. The young architects
behind this thinking

men such as Kenzo Tange, Kiyonori Kikutake,

Kisho Kurokawa and others

became known as “Metabolists,” and theirarchitectural ideas as “Metabolism.”
The

Metabolists

put

their

ideas

together

in

the

book

titledMetabolism 1960: Proposals for a New Urbanism. In this book, thearchitects

proposedurban

structures

that

could

adapt

to

rapidlychanging times. They got their inspiration from Kenzo Tange and his
philosophy that urban design is connected to the natural world. Thesearchitects used biological metaphors and considered buildings capable ofregeneration. Their philosophy of architecture at that time was that itshould be adaptable and able to respond to disasters both natural andman-made, be it an earthquake, tsunami or an atomic bomb. It is quite
understandable that such ideas would come from Japanese architects asJapan has experienced both types of disasters in its history. Moreover,
the Metabolists hoped that the architecture that came from their
movement would be an example of cultural resilience* as a notion ofJapan’s national identity.
Metabolists foresaw flexible buildings that might alter their shapes
according to various needs or tall towers that could become cities all bythemselves. These ideas were first presented in the late 1950s and early
1960s and remained mostly theoretical and just visions drawn out on◎paperbut

neverreallyactualized.

However,

there

were

a

few

was

the

Metabolism-style structures constructed in Japan.
One

of

the

most

famousMetabolism-stylebuildings

Nakagin Capsule Tower in central Tokyo. This tower was famous for its
round

windows

and“ absoluteasymmetry * . ”

Eachcapsulewas

prefabricated* and placed into the core structure of the tower. The
original idea was that these capsules could be replaced and recycled overtime. Unfortunately, the replacing and recycling of these capsules became
just an idea, and the facilities themselves, though initially quite modern,became old and outdated within years. A metamorphic change* or
evolution never occurred, and the old building is scheduled to have been
torn down by the end of 2022. Other examples of this architectural
movement can be seen in some of the pavilions built for the 1970 World
Exposition held in Osaka. Those buildings designed and built by the
Metabolists reminded the visitors of cells and genetic materials.
In a wider sense, the practical application of Metabolism has nevercaught on, but the ideas remain fresh and intriguing even today. Todayarchitects are confronted with the ideas of recycling and a symbiosis* ofurban space and the environment

sustainable architecture. Cities needto renew themselves as they expand, and architecture that can facilitate
this renewal may be the key to a happier urban life as well as ahealthierenvironment.

It

is

quite

possible

that

the

concepts

Metabolism may be applied far more often in the future.

［注］resilience: 回復力

asymmetry: 非対称

prefabricate: 事前に製造する

metamorphic change: 変形

symbiosis: 共生◎of．What is the main topic of this passage?
Ａ．How the concept of Metabolism came about
Ｂ．What Metabolism is and how it has been applied
Ｃ．Metabolism’s success in redesigning urban areas
Ｄ．The impact of World War II on Japanese architecture．According

to

the

passage,

what

is

one

importantfeatureMetabolism architecture?
Ａ．Newly constructed buildings need to be small in size.
Ｂ．Building styles have to develop from harsh circumstances.
Ｃ．Buildings should be adjustable to changing situations.
Ｄ．It is theoretical only, without any practical use.

◎of

次のページに進みなさい◎

（Ｂ）A project was launched in 2002 to raise awareness about theimportance of traditional agricultural methods. This “Globally Important
Agricultural Heritage Systems”（GIAHS）project was created by the Foodand Agriculture Organization（FAO）of the United Nations（UN）. Sucha project may appear to be similar to UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites,
but actually it is quite different from UNESCO’s program. It is acomplex project that involves living and evolving or changing systems of
humancommunities.

These

communities

have

a

very

intricate *relationship with their territory, cultural or agricultural landscape, or
biophysical and wider social environment.
Over

time,

and

particularly

as

the

world’spopulation

andenvironmental issues are increasing, many problems have occurred due
to modern agriculture. Adequate clean water sources and land usable for
agriculture are essential requirements for sustaining Earth’s population.
Unfortunately, water pollution and deforestation, or the loss of forestland,
are becoming serious problems, and in turn causing a severe reductionin usable water and land. The GIAHS project is a way in which some ofthe problems that have resulted from modern agriculture can be resolved.
This UN-based project hopes to promote traditional agricultural systems
and convey the knowledge related to those systems to people around theworld.
The project identifies specific areas around the world that areworth protecting. Such areas are recognized as GIAHS sites. There areseveral criteria for deciding if an area deserves to become one. First ofall, the area should contribute to the food security and livelihoods of thelocal community. Another important requirement is that the area has ahigh level of biodiversity. Other criteria are that the area should
represent

importantagricultural

knowledge◎

andvaluable

culturaltraditions and that it should have a remarkable landscape.
Many of the GIAHS sites have proven to be able to withstand and
adapt

to

climaticchange,naturalhazards,

newtechnologies

andchanging social and political situations. By withstanding all these factors,
such sites can ensure food and livelihood security for those living in thesurrounding and nearby communities. The accumulated knowledge andexperience in the management and use of the resources in the GIAHS
sites is an important treasure that needs to be promoted. They should
also be protected while being allowed to evolve as the environment andneeds of the communities evolve.
Locations in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East andEurope have already been chosen as GIAHS sites. Asia currently has
over 40 such sites, the most of any region. In the years ahead, the FAO
intends to continue expanding the list of sites, and by doing so, it aims
to preserve biodiversity and traditional wisdom. Through this project, it
is hoped that future generations will be able to benefit from the wisdomof the past in a sustainable way that helps maintain the livelihood of
the people as well as protect and preserve the heritage that has helped
humans live in some remarkable environments around the world.

［注］intricate: 複雑な．What is the main topic of this passage?
Ａ．The development of traditional agriculture
Ｂ．The need to increase biodiversity in agriculture
Ｃ．The region with the highest number of GIAHS sites
Ｄ．A project that helps protect important agricultural areas◎

．According to the passage, which of the following is true?
Ａ．The FAO will expand its list of GIAHS criteria in all regions.
Ｂ．Africa will surpass Asia in the number of GIAHS sites in the near
future.
Ｃ．Modern agricultural problems may be resolved through GIAHS
projects.
Ｄ．Less emphasis will be placed on biodiversity in choosing GIAHS
sites.

◎

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（Ｃ）In the late 1960s, a well-known French doctor named Alfred
Tomatis was requested to visit a French monastery where 90 monks
were living. Over 75 percent of the monks were suffering from amysterious illness and some could not get out of bed. When Dr. Tomatis
examined the monks, he discovered something very interesting. Until the
mid-1960s, the monks had devoted six to eight hours a day singing
Gregorian chants. Gregorian chants are a form of singing from theeighth or ninth century. After the 1960s, the church restricted theamount of time monks could spend chanting, and Dr. Tomatis thought it
might have been the cause of the illness. When he recommended themonks spend more time singing Gregorian chants, all of them recoveredfrom the mysterious illness within a few weeks.
Dr. Tomatis was a specialist of the human ear, and he had spentmuch of his life studying hearing and the importance of listening. His
discovery made it clear that sound vibrations and certain frequencies
have profound health benefits. After Dr. Tomatis’s discovery, otherscientists did experiments with Gregorian chants and found they could
eliminate tiredness and depression as well as cure illnesses and diseases
when that music was used. Since the early 1970s, doctors and scientists
from around the world have conducted thousands of other studies on
how sound frequencies affect us, and an overwhelming amount ofevidence has proven that music as a form of therapy does work.
In 2008, a hospital in Finland published a study that showedpatients who had suffered from severe strokes recovered their speaking
abilities much faster by listening to music for an hour a day. In thesame year, a study from Australia found that patients dying from
diseases experienced much less pain, fear and sleepiness after music
therapy. A recent review from an American Medical Association journal◎

found that children admitted to emergency rooms experienced lessanxiety and less pain if they listened to calming music. Studies havealso found music can be used to treat learning disabilities, memory loss,
dementia*, depression and cancer as well as countless other physical ormental problems.
In 2014, a documentary called Alive Inside was released andquickly won over ten different awards. The documentary follows an
American named Dan Cohen, who takes iPods to American nursing
homes for people with age-related problems and dementia. After asking
friends and family what the patients’ favorite music used to be, hemakes special playlists for each one and puts earphones on them. Whenthey hear the music, some people who have not spoken for months
suddenly start singing and crying. Some who spend most of their timeinwheelchairssuddenly

stand

up

and

dance.

Others,whoarepermanently confined to bed, start dancing in bed. Some patients
remember when they had first heard the music and start excitedly
talking about long-lost memories. Family members who see the powerfultransformations caused by the music are almost always moved to tears
and openly weep. The healing potential of music is something that we
all need to learn more about and perhaps use in our daily lives tomaintain healthy and happy lifestyles.

［注］dementia: 認知症◎

．What is the main idea of this passage?
Ａ．Chanting several hours a day is important.
Ｂ．Listening to Gregorian chants makes us healthier.
Ｃ．Dr.

Tomatis’s

discoveryinFranceissignificant

forhearing

specialists.
Ｄ．Listening to music is beneficial to maintaining one’s health.

．According to the passage, which of the following is true?
Ａ．People who are not allowed to chant often get sick.
Ｂ．Music reduces fear and pain in younger hospital patients.
Ｃ．A study from Finland showed music helps cancer patients.
Ｄ．Older people must listen to music to improve their memories.

．What can be inferred from this passage?
Ａ．Music has the potential to enhance healing and shorten the timenecessary for rehabilitation.
Ｂ．An hour of music each day restored the health of French monks.
Ｃ．Music cures institutionalized elders of their age-related diseases.
Ｄ．Gregorian chants are so effective that patients in nursing homes
will benefit by listening to them.

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