⺰ ᢥㇺᏒᄢ᳇⾰ߣ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳߅ࠃ߮␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩ࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧಽᨆ᧛ ਄  ৻ ⌀ *㧔ਃ⪉ UFJ ࡝ࠨ࡯࠴㧒ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹ࠖࡦࠣࢃ⎇ⓥຬ㧕䋱䋮⎇ⓥ䈱⢛᥊䈫⋡⊛㩷⚻ᷣߣⅣႺߩ㑐ଥߦଥࠆઍ⴫⊛ߥ⎇ⓥߣߒߡ㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߦ઻޿ォ឵ὐࠍ⚻ߡⅣႺ⾰߇ᡷༀߒߡ޿ߊㅒU
ሼࠍឬߊⅣႺࠢ࠭ࡀ࠶࠷ᦛ✢઒⺑ߩᬌ⸽߇޽ࠆ‫ߪߦࠇߎޕ‬World Bank(1992)ࠍྊ⍫ߣߒߡ㧘ᄙߊߩታ⸽⎇ⓥ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔Selden and Song(1994)㧘Shafik(1994)㧘Grossman and Krueger(1995)㧕1)‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘઒⺑ߩᚑุߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕ㧘ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ⥄૕߆ࠄߪ㧘᡽╷⊛ߥ␜ໂࠍᓧࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ㅒߦ㧘઒⺑ߩᚑ┙ߪ㧘Polluted
and Clean㧔ᳪᨴߒߚᓟ߈ࠇ޿ߦߔࠆ㧕ߣ޿߁⸃㉼ߣⴕേࠍଦߔᕟࠇߐ߃޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇߦኻߒߡ㧘೙ᐲ㧘ᢎ⢒㧘ᖱႎ㧘ࠟࡃ࠽ࡦࠬߥߤࠍⅣႺ⾰ߩᡷༀⷐ࿃ߣ઒ቯߒߚታ⸽⎇ⓥ߇㧘ㄭᐕᄙߊታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔Panayotou(1997)㧘Torras and Boyce(1998)㧘Bimonte(2002)㧕
‫ޕ‬ⅣႺ⾰ᡷༀߩߚ߼ߩ᡽╷⊛⍮⷗ߪ㧘⚻ᷣߣⅣႺߣ޿߁ੑర᭴ㅧߩⷞᐳ߆ࠄߢߪߥߊ㧘᡽╷⊛ߦᠲ૞น⢻ߥਛ㑆㗄ࠍ⸳ቯߒ㧘3 ⠪ߩ㑐ଥᕈߩ⸃᣿ࠍㅴ߼ࠆߎߣߢᓧࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Kuznetz(1955)߇␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘‫ޟ‬Ꮢ႐ߢߩ⚻ᷣ⃻⽎߆ࠄ᡽ᴦ࡮␠ળ⚻ᷣേะ߳ߩ⎇ⓥ㊀ὐߩ⒖ⴕ‫߇ޠ‬᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫᧛ޕ‬਄࡮᧻ጟ(2006a㧘2006b)ߪ㧘ⴕ᡽࡮ડᬺ࡮Ꮢ᳃ߩ 3ߟߩࠕࠢ࠲࡯߅ࠃ߮ࠕࠢ࠲࡯㑆ߩ⋧੕㑐ଥ߆ࠄߥࠆ㧘ⅣႺ໧㗴ߦኻಣߔࠆߚ߼ߩ␠ળో૕ߣߒߡߩ✚૕⊛ߥ⢻ജߢ޽ࠆ‫␠ޟ‬ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ㧔SCEM : Social Capacity for Environmental Management㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ਛ㑆㗄ߣߒߡ⸳ቯ࡮᷹ቯߒ㧘␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജะ਄ߦࠃࠆᄢ᳇⾰ᡷༀߣ޿߁࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ㧘᭴ㅧᣇ⒟ᑼࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃࠅ
ᬌ⸽ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇࠄⅣႺࠢ࠭ࡀ࠶࠷ᦛ✢઒⺑ࠍၮߦዷ㐿ߒߡ߈ߚ⚻ᷣߣⅣႺߦଥࠆታ⸽⎇ⓥߩಽᨆኻ⽎ࠍ㧘
OECD(2001)ߢߩPSRࡕ࠺࡞ 2)ߦහߒߡᢛℂߔࠆߣ㧘࿑ 1 ߩߣ߅ࠅߣߥࠆ‫ߢߎߎޕ‬㧘೙ᐲ㧘ᢎ⢒㧘ᖱႎ㧘ࠟࡃ࠽ࡦࠬߥߤߩⅣႺኻ╷㧔R㧕ߪ㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߥߤߩⅣႺ⽶⩄ࠍ⊒↢㧛ᛥ೙ߐߖࠆⷐ࿃㧔P㧕߆ࠄ㧘᡽╷⊛ߦ

* 1974 ᐕ↢߹ࠇ‫ޕ‬2000 ᐕᐢፉᄢቇᄢቇ㒮࿖㓙දജ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻೨ᦼ⺖⒟ୃੌ㧘หᐕࢃਃ๺✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ౉␠‫ޕ‬06 ᐕ 21 ਎♿ COE ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ COE⎇ⓥຬ㧘07 ᐕᐢፉᄢቇᄢቇ㒮࿖㓙දജ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟ୃੌ㧘⃻࿷ߦ⥋ࠆ‫ޕ‬ඳ჻㧔ቇⴚ㧕‫ޕ‬ᚲዻቇળ㧦ⅣႺ⚻ᷣ࡮᡽╷ቇળ㧘࿖㓙㐿⊒ቇળ㧘ᣣᧄ⹏ଔቇળ╬‫ޕ‬ਥߥ⪺ᦠ╬㧦‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ᡽╷ߦ߅ߌࠆ␠ળ⊛⢻ജߩ⹏ଔ‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄ⹏ଔ⎇ⓥ 6(1)‫(ޢ‬2006 ᐕ)㧘
‫␠ޟ‬ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩ⹏ଔᚻ
ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㧦ㇺᏒᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷ࠍ੐଀ߣߒߡ‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄ⹏ଔ⎇ⓥ 7(1)‫(ޢ‬2007 ᐕ)㧘‘Actor-Factor Analysis for Social Capacity Development,’ in Matsuoka
S. (eds.) Effective Environmental Management in Developing Countries : Assessing Social Capacity Development (Macmillan Palgrave, 2007 ᐕ)╬‫ޕ‬
1)
ⅣႺࠢ࠭ࡀ࠶࠷ᦛ✢઒⺑⎇ⓥߦ㑐ߔࠆ൮᜝⊛ߥࠨ࡯ࡌࠗߪ㧘Dinda(2004)ߦ⹦ߒ޿‫ޕ‬
2)
OECD ߪ㧘PSR ࡕ࠺࡞ߣߒߡ㧘ⅣႺ⽶⩄ࠍ⊒↢㧛ᛥ೙ߐߖࠆⷐ࿃㧔P㧦Pressure㧕㧘ⅣႺߩ⁁ᘒ㧔S㧦State㧕㧘ⅣႺኻ╷㧔R㧦Response㧕ߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ⸥ㅀ⊛ߦ␜ߔ᭎ᔨࡕ࠺࡞ࠍឭ໒ߒ㧘᡽╷⊛⍮⷗ߩዉ಴ࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 155 -

ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ㩷 No.36㩷 䋨2007.9䋩ᠲ૞น⢻ߥਛ㑆㗄ߣߒߡ᛽಴ߐࠇߚⷐ⚛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘ߘߩਛ㑆㗄ߣߒߡߩᅷᒰᕈ࡮᦭↪ᕈࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒ㧘᡽╷⊛฽ᗧࠍឭ␜ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘࿑ 1 ߩ㧔3㧕ߢߩPψRࠍ฽߼ߚ㧘3 ⠪ߩ࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧߩᬌ⸽߇᳞߼ࠄ
ࠇࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ߎߩPψRߩ㑐ଥᕈߦଥࠆ⎇ⓥ⚿ᨐߪ৻᭽ߢߪߥߊ㧔ᧄ↰ઁ(2004)㧕
㧘߹ߚ㧘PSRࡕ࠺࡞ో૕
ߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߩታ⸽ಽᨆ߽㧘ಽᨆᚻᴺ╬ߩ໧㗴ߩߚ߼ਇචಽߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Dinda(2004)ߪ㧘ಽᨆᚻᴺߩㆬᛯߦ߅޿
ߡ㧘ᄢㇱಽߩ⎇ⓥߢ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ࿁Ꮻಽᨆߥߤߩ⺃ዉᒻᚻᴺ㧔Reduced form model㧕ߪ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ᣿ࠄ߆
ߦߢ߈ߥ޿ߣߒ㧘᭴ㅧᚻᴺ㧔Structural form model㧕ߢߩಽᨆߩᔅⷐᕈࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿁Ꮻಽᨆߪ㧘Y=F㧔X㧘
Z㧕ߩᣇ⒟ᑼߢYߦⅣႺ⾰㧘Xߦ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳㧘ZߦⅣႺ⾰ᡷༀߩⷐ࿃ࠍ઒ቯߒಽᨆߔࠆߚ߼㧘3 ⠪㑆ߩ࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧ
߹ߢߪಽᨆߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬࿑ 㪈㩷 ⚻ᷣ䈫ⅣႺ䈮ଥ䉎ታ⸽⎇ⓥ䈱ಽᨆኻ⽎㩷
(1)

(2)

(3)

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ᵈ㧦P-Pressure ⅣႺ⽶⩄ࠍ⊒↢㧛ᛥ೙ߐߖࠆⷐ࿃㧔⚻ᷣᚑ㐳╬㧕
S-State ⅣႺ⾰ߩ⁁ᴫ㧔ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ‛⾰ߩỚᐲ╬㧕
R-Response ⅣႺኻ╷㧔೙ᐲ㧘ᢎ⢒㧘ࠟࡃ࠽ࡦࠬ㧘SCEM ╬㧕࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߩಽᨆߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ⅣႺኻ╷㧔R㧕ߣߒߡߩ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߪ㧘᧛਄࡮᧻ጟ(2006b)ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ⅣႺ⾰ߩ⁁ᴫ㧔S㧕ߣߛߌߢߪߥߊ㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳㧔P㧕ߣߩ㑐ଥ߽᭴ㅧᚻᴺߦࠃࠅ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘᡽╷⊛ߦᠲ૞น⢻ߥਛ㑆㗄ߣߒߡߩᅷᒰᕈ࡮᦭↪ᕈࠍ␜ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬㧘⊒ዷㅜ਄࿖╬ߦ߅޿ߡ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ࠍᦨఝవߐߖࠆ᡽╷ߩᩮ᜚ߦߥࠅᓧߡߒ߹߁ Polluted and Clean ߢߪߥߊ㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳᳓Ḱߦහߒߚᗧ࿑⊛ߥⅣႺኻ╷㧔R㧕ߣߒߡߩ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജᒻᚑߩᔅⷐᕈߣ㧘ߘࠇߦଥࠆㆡಾߥ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߩ࠲ࠗ
ࡒࡦࠣ㧘ఝవ㗅૏╬ߩ᡽╷⊛⍮⷗ࠍ␜ߔߎߣߦߟߥ߇ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ㧘ᄢ᳇⾰㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳㧘␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡ㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ࠍ৻࿃ߦᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ␠ળ
⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ߇㧘ᄢ᳇⾰ᡷༀߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߣ޿߁࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧߦଥࠆ઒⺑ࠍ㧘᭴ㅧᣇ⒟ᑼࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃࠅᬌ⸽ߔ
ࠆ‫ࠅࠃߦࠇߎޕ‬㧘‫␠ޟ‬ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩะ਄ߎߘⅣႺ᡽╷߿࿖㓙ⅣႺදജߩല₸⊛࡮ലᨐ⊛ታᣉߩᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޠ‬㧔᧻ጟઁ(2004)㧕ߩᬌ⸽ߣߒߡ㧘␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩᒻᚑࠍ᡽╷⋡ᮡߣߔࠆߎߣߩᅷᒰᕈ࡮
᦭↪ᕈࠍ␜ߔ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߩ᭴ᚑߪ㧘߹ߕ㧘2 ߢಽᨆኻ⽎ߣᣇᴺ㧘࠺࡯࠲ࠍ␜ߔ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘3 ߢಽᨆ⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߒ㧘4 ߢ⚿⺰ࠍㅀߴࠆ‫ޕ‬䋲䋮ಽᨆኻ⽎䈍䉋䈶ᣇᴺ䋬䊂䊷䉺㩷䋨㪈䋩ಽᨆኻ⽎䈱⸳ቯ㩷ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ‛⾰㧘ᦼ㑆㧘ㇺᏒࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ‛⾰ߪ㧘Ꮏ႐࡮੐ᬺᚲ╬ߩ࿕ቯឃ಴Ḯ߇ਛᔃߩ↥ᬺ౏ኂဳᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߢ޽ࠆੑ㉄ൻ⎫㤛㧔SO2㧕ߣ㧘࿕ቯឃ಴Ḯߦട߃⥄േゞ╬ߩ⒖േឃ಴Ḯߩነਈ߽ᄢ߈޿ㇺᏒ࡮- 156 -

ㇺᏒᄢ᳇⾰䈫⚻ᷣᚑ㐳䈍䉋䈶␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ䈱࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧಽᨆ

↢ᵴဳᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߢ޽ࠆੑ㉄ൻ⓸⚛㧔NO2㧕ߣߒ㧘ឃ಴Ḯ߅ࠃ߮⸃᳿࿎㔍ᐲߩ⇣ߥࠆ 2 ߟߣߔࠆ 3)‫ޕ‬ಽᨆᦼ㑆ߪ 1971 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2000 ᐕ߹ߢߩ 30 ᐕ㑆ߣߔࠆ 4)‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬㧘ේ᎑࡮᫪↰(1995)ߦࠃࠆⅣႺ᡽╷ߩ೨ㅴᦼ㧔1965㨪1974 ᐕ㧕㧘᧻ጟ࡮᧎ᧁ(2003)ߦࠃࠆ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩᧄᩰ⊛Ⓙേᦼ㧔1970㨪1979 ᐕ㧕ߣ޿߁㧘ⅣႺ᡽╷߇ᧄᩰ⊛ߦታᣉߐࠇ㧘ᚑᨐࠍ޽ߍᆎ߼ߚᤨᦼߢ޽ࠆ 1970 ᐕઍ߆ࠄࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߎߣߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩᤨᦼ㧘ో࿖ߩ㐳ᦼ⛮⛯᷹ቯዪߢߩSO2 Ớᐲᐕᐔဋ୯߇ 1967 ᐕ㧘NO2 Ớᐲ߇ 1971 ᐕࠍࡇ࡯ࠢߦߘߩᓟ
ᷫዋߦォߓ㧘߹ߚ㧘޿ࠊࠁࠆ౏ኂ࿖ળߢߩ౏ኂ㑐ଥ 14 ᴺ᩺ߩ೙ቯ࡮ᡷቯ㧔1970 ᐕ㧕㧘ⅣႺᐡ⸳⟎㧔1971ᐕ㧕ߥߤ㧘ⅣႺ᡽╷߇లታᒝൻߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ኻ⽎ㇺᏒߪ㧘1971 ᐕᤨὐߢⅣႺ᡽╷ߦ৻ቯߩᮭ㒢ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ᡽઎ᜰቯㇺᏒߢ޽ࠅ㧘⎫㤛㉄ൻ‛ߦଥࠆ✚㊂ⷙ೙ᜰቯ࿾ၞ㧔1974 ᐕ 11 ᦬╙৻ᰴᜰቯ㧕㧘߅ࠃ߮ੑ㉄ൻ⓸⚛ߩ 1 ᤨ㑆୯ߩ 1 ᣣᐔဋ୯߇ 0.06ppm ࠍ⿥߃ࠆ࿾ၞ㧔ᤘ๺ 54 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 7 ᣣઃߌ Ⅳᄢડ 310 ภ㧕ߢ޽ࠆ 5 ㇺᏒ㧔ᮮᵿᏒ㧘ฬฎደᏒ㧘ᄢ㒋Ꮢ㧘␹ᚭᏒ㧘ർ਻ᎺᏒ㧕ߩ߁ߜ㧘ᮮᵿᏒ㧘ฬฎደᏒ㧘ᄢ㒋Ꮢߩ 3 ߟߩᄢㇺᏒߣߔࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬㧘࿑ 2㧘࿑ 3 ߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߥᎿ
ᬺൻ㧘ࡕ࡯࠲࡝࠯࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦଥࠆᳪᨴឃ಴᭴ㅧߣ㧘ߘࠇߦࠃࠅᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆᄢ᳇Ⴚ⾰ߩ⁁ᴫ㧔࿑ 4㧘࿑ 5㧕ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘5 ㇺᏒ߇ᄢ߈ߊ 2 ߟߦ㘃ဳൻߢ߈ࠆߎߣߦ᜚ࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪ㧘Ꮏᬺൻ㧘ࡕ࡯࠲࡝࠯࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߇
ㅴዷߒ㧘ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߩᷓೞᐲߩ㜞޿ᮮᵿᏒ㧘ฬฎደᏒ㧘ᄢ㒋Ꮢࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ㧘␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆ‫ ߩߎޕ‬3 ߟߩᄢㇺᏒߪ㧘ᄙᢙߩ࿕ቯឃ಴Ḯߣ⒖േឃ಴Ḯߩሽ࿷ࠍⷐ࿃ߦ㧘SO2㧘NO2Ớᐲ߇㜞ߊផ⒖ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⚿ᨐߪ㧘࿕ቯឃ಴Ḯߦട߃ߡ⒖േឃ಴ḮߦࠃࠆⅣႺ⽶⩄ߩჇᄢ߇⪺ߒ޿ㅜ਄࿖ߩᄢㇺᏒߦኻߔࠆ㧘ᣣᧄߩᄢㇺᏒߩ⚻㛎ߦၮߠߊ㧘᡽╷⊛⍮⷗ߩឭ␜ߦ߽ߟߥ߇ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅㧘⚻ᷣߣⅣႺߩ㑐ଥߦଥࠆᄙߊߩ⎇ⓥߪ㧘ࠢࡠࠬࠞࡦ࠻࡝࡯࠺࡯࠲ࠍ↪޿㧘࿖߽ߒߊߪㇺᏒߏߣߩⅣႺ໧㗴ߩ⊒↢ࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߩ㆑޿ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ޿ߥ޿㧔Dinda(2004)㧕
‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘ⅣႺ⾰ߩ⁁ᴫߩߺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒ㧘ߘࠇߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆᳪᨴឃ಴᭴ㅧߩ㆑޿ߪಽᨆⷞⷺߦ౉ࠄߥ޿‫ߩߎޕ‬ಽᨆ▸࿐ߩ⸳ቯ߽㧘ⅣႺࠢ࠭ࡀ࠶࠷ᦛ✢઒⺑ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚ⎇ⓥ߇㧘ౕ૕⊛ߥ᡽╷⊛⍮⷗ࠍឭଏߢ߈ߥ޿ⷐ࿃ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Dinda(2004)ߪ㧘ࠢࡠࠬࠞࡦ࠻࡝࡯ߛߌߢߪߥߊ㧘․ቯߩ࿖࡮࿾ၞߢߩಽᨆߩᔅⷐᕈࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘Srinivasan(1977)߇␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘ߘ߽ߘ߽㧘⚻ᷣ⊒ዷߣᚲᓧಽ㈩ߩ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߔࠢ࠭ࡀ࠶࠷ߩㅒ U ሼ઒⺑ߦଥࠆ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ߽㧘ᤨ♽೉ಽᨆߢߪߥߊࠢࡠࠬ࠮࡚ࠢࠪࡦߢߩಽᨆߩ⚿ᨐߪ㧘ᐔဋ⊛ߥ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߔߦ⇐߹ࠅ㧘ฦ࿖ߩ․ᕈ
ࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߣ޿߁໧㗴߇޽ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬㧘ࠢ࠭ࡀ࠶࠷ߩㅒ U ሼ઒⺑ߪߤߩ࿖ߦ߽╬ߒߊᒰߡߪ߹ࠆ㋕ߩᴺೣ㧔iron law㧕ߢߪߥ޿ߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߒ㧔Srinivasan(1977)㧕
㧘࿖㧘ㇺᏒߏߣߩ᡽ᴦ࡮␠ળ
⚻ᷣⷐ࿃ߩ⸃᣿߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ㧔Kuznetz(1955)㧕
‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߪ㧘ߘߩⷐ࿃ߣߒߡ㧘␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ߇૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆ߆ุ߆ߩᬌ⸽ࠍⴕ߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘↥ᬺ᭴ㅧ߿ㇺᏒ᭴ㅧߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆㇺᏒߏߣߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ‛⾰ߩឃ಴᭴ㅧߩ㆑޿ࠍ⠨ᘦߒ㧘Ꮏᬺൻ߅ࠃ߮ࡕ࡯࠲࡝࠯࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩㅴዷߒߚ 3 ߟߩᄢㇺᏒࠍኻ⽎ߦㇺᏒߏߣߦಽᨆߒ㧘ߘߎߢߩ౒ㅢ⊛ߥ⚿⺰ࠍዉ߈಴ߔ‫ޕ‬

3)ᣣᧄߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ⚻㛎ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ✬(1997)ߪ㧘SO2 ࠍ↥ᬺ౏ኂߦࠃࠆᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ㧘NO2 ࠍㇺᏒ࡮↢ᵴဳᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߦ૏⟎ߠߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘↥ᬺ౏ኂߦࠃࠆᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߢߪේ࿃⠪ߣⵍኂ⠪ߪ඙೎ߐࠇࠆ߇㧘ㇺᏒ࡮↢ᵴဳᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߢߪ୘‫߇ੱޘ‬ේ࿃⠪ߢ߽޽ࠅ㧘ⵍኂ⠪ߦ߽ߥࠅᓧࠆߣߒߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޕ‬
4)
ડᬺߩⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩផቯߢ↪޿ࠆ࠺࡯࠲‫౏ޟ‬ኂ㒐ᱛ▤ℂ⠪╬࿖ኅ⹜㛎วᩰ⠪‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߒߡ㧘Ꮏ႐ౝߦ౏ኂ㒐ᱛߦ㑐ߔࠆኾ㐷⊛⍮⼂ࠍ᦭ߔࠆੱ⊛⚵❱ߩ⸳⟎ࠍ⟵ോઃߌߚ‫․ޟ‬ቯᎿ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ౏ኂ㒐ᱛ⚵❱ߩᢛ஻ߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺᓞ‫߇ޠ‬㧘1971 ᐕ 6 ᦬ߦ೙ቯߐࠇ㧘౏ኂ㒐ᱛ▤ℂ⠪೙ᐲ߇⊒⿷ߒߚߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ಽᨆᦼ㑆ࠍ 1971 ᐕ߆ࠄߣ⸳ቯߒߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ߘ߽ߘ߽ 1960 ᐕઍߩㇺᏒ೎ߩ SO2㧘NO2 ߩ࠺࡯࠲ߪචಽߦᢛ஻ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ࠄߐޕ‬ߦ㧘2001 ᐕએ㒠㧘3 ㇺᏒߢ౒ㅢߦឥࠊߥ޿࠺࡯࠲߇޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘2000 ᐕ߹ߢߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬- 157 -

ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ㩷 No.36㩷 䋨2007.9䋩࿑ 㪉㩷 ⵾ㅧຠ಴⩄㗵䈱ផ⒖㩷

࿑ 㪊㩷 ⥄േゞ଻᦭บᢙ䈱ផ⒖㩷㩿㪈㪇ం౞䋺㪈㪐㪐㪌ᐕၮḰ㪀

㪐㪃㪇㪇㪇
㪏㪃㪇㪇㪇
㪎㪃㪇㪇㪇

㩿ජบ㪀

㪈㪃㪍㪇㪇

䇭ᮮᵿᏒ
䇭ฬฎደᏒ
䇭ᄢ㒋Ꮢ
䇭␹ᚭᏒ
䇭ർ਻ᎺᏒ

䇭ᮮᵿᏒ
䇭ฬฎደᏒ
䇭ᄢ㒋Ꮢ
䇭␹ᚭᏒ
䇭ർ਻ᎺᏒ

㪈㪃㪋㪇㪇
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㪋㪇㪇

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㪉㪇㪇

㪈㪃㪇㪇㪇
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㪇
㪈㪐㪎㪈

㪈㪐㪏㪇

㩷㩷㪈㪐㪐㪇㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪉㪇㪇㪇

㪈㪐㪎㪈

㪈㪐㪏㪇

㩷㩷㪈㪐㪐㪇㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪉㪇㪇㪇

㩿ᐕᐲ㪀

㩿ᐕᐲ㪀

಴ᚲ㧦⚻ᷣ↥ᬺ⋭‫ޟ‬Ꮏᬺ⛔⸘⴫‫ޠ‬㧔ฦᐕ 㧕㧘ᄢㇺᏒ⛔⸘ද⼏ળ‫ޟ‬ᄢㇺᏒᲧセ⛔⸘ᐕ⴫‫ޠ‬㧔ฦᐕ 㧕ࠃࠅ૞ᚑ࿑ 㪋㩷 㪪㪦㪉 Ớᐲ䈱ផ⒖㩷㪇㪅㪇㪍㪇࿑ 㪌㩷 㪥㪦㪉 Ớᐲ䈱ផ⒖㩷

㩿㫇㫇㫄㪀

㪇㪅㪇㪍㪇

䇭ᮮᵿᏒ
䇭ฬฎደᏒ
䇭ᄢ㒋Ꮢ
䇭␹ᚭᏒ
䇭ർ਻ᎺᏒ

㪇㪅㪇㪌㪇

㪇㪅㪇㪋㪇

㩿㫇㫇㫄㪀

䇭ᮮᵿᏒ
䇭ฬฎደᏒ
䇭ᄢ㒋Ꮢ
䇭␹ᚭᏒ
䇭ർ਻ᎺᏒ

㪇㪅㪇㪌㪇

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㩷㩷㪈㪐㪐㪇㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪉㪇㪇㪇

㪈㪐㪎㪈

㪈㪐㪏㪇

㩿ᐕᐲ㪀

㩷㩷㪈㪐㪐㪇㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪉㪇㪇㪇㩿ᐕᐲ㪀಴ᚲ㧦ⅣႺ⋭‫ޟ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ⁁ᴫ‫ޠ‬㧔ฦᐕ 㧕㧘ⅣႺ⊕ᦠ╬㧔ฦㇺᏒ㧘ฦᐕ 㧕ࠃࠅ૞ᚑ䋨㪉䋩ಽᨆᚻᴺ㩷
᭴ㅧᣇ⒟ᑼࡕ࠺࡞㧔Structural Equation Model : SEM㧕ࠍ↪޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬᭴ㅧᣇ⒟ᑼࡕ࠺࡞ߪ㧘⋥ធ᷹ⷰߢ߈ߥ޿
ẜ࿷ᄌᢙࠍዉ౉ߒ㧘ߘߩẜ࿷ᄌᢙߣ᷹ⷰᄌᢙߣߩ㑆ߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍหቯߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘␠ળ⃻⽎߿⥄ὼ⃻⽎ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⛔⸘⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߢ޽ࠆ㧔⁚㊁࡮ਃᶆ(2002)㧕
‫ߪߢߎߎޕ‬㧘⋥ធ᷹ⷰߢ߈ߥ޿ẜ࿷⊛ߥฦࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ߅ࠃ߮␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജࠍ㧘᷹ⷰน⢻ߥฦࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷ߦଥࠆᵴേ᳓Ḱ߆ࠄ⴫ߔ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ㧘᧛਄࡮᧻ጟ(2006a㧘2006b)ߢ㧘৻ቯߩᅷᒰᕈ㧘ା㗬ᕈ㧘቟ቯᕈ߇ᬌ⸽ߐࠇ
ߚ⢻ജ⹏ଔࡈ࡟࡯ࡓ㧔⴫ 1㧕ࠍ↪޿㧘3 ࠕࠢ࠲࡯㧔G㧦ⴕ᡽㧘F㧦ડᬺ㧘C㧦Ꮢ᳃ 5)㧕ߣ㧘3 ⢻ജⷐ⚛㧔P㧦᡽╷࡮ኻ╷ߩㆀⴕ⢻ജ㧘R㧦ⅣႺኻ╷⾗Ḯߩㆇ↪⢻ജ㧘K㧦⍮⼂࡮ᖱႎ࡮ᛛⴚߩឭଏ⢻ജ㧕߆ࠄ㧘␠ળ⊛Ⅳ
Ⴚ▤ℂ⢻ജࠍ⴫ߔ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘࿑ 1 ߩ(3)ߩᬌ⸽ߩߚ߼㧘࿑ 6 ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ㧔SCEM㧕ߣᄢ᳇⾰㧔ENV㧕㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳㧔GRP㧕ߩ࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧߦଥࠆ઒⺑ᬌ⸽ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬5)

⴫ 1 ߩᏒ᳃␠ળߪ NGO㧘NPO ╬ࠍ฽߻߇㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘Ꮢ᳃␠ળߩਛߩᏒ᳃ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡታ⸽ಽᨆࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬- 158 -

ㇺᏒᄢ᳇⾰䈫⚻ᷣᚑ㐳䈍䉋䈶␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ䈱࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧಽᨆ⴫ 㪈㩷 䉝䉪䉺䊷䊶䊐䉜䉪䉺䊷䊶䊙䊃䊥䉪䉴䋨ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷䋩㩷
䊐䉜䉪䉺䊷
䉰䉟
䉪䊦

᡽╷䊶ኻ╷⹏ଔ䋨⍮⼂ౣ↢↥䋩᡽╷䊶ኻ╷ㆀⴕ䋨⍮⼂ታ〣䋩᡽╷䊶ኻ╷⺖㗴⸳ቯ㩿⍮⼂ഃㅧ䊶⫾Ⓧ㪀᡽╷䊶ኻ╷ᒻᚑ䋨⍮⼂ഃ⊒䊶೑↪䋩⢻ജⷐ⚛

㪧䋺᡽╷䊶ኻ╷䈱ㆀⴕ⢻ജ㩿㫇㫆㫃㫀㪺㫐㩷㩽㩷㫄㪼㪸㫊㫌㫉㪼㪀䂾ⷙ೙⊛ᚻᴺ䇭䊶ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷䈮ଥ䉎ᴺⷙ೙䈱೙ቯ䊶ㆇ↪
䇭䊶ⅣႺၮḰ䋬ឃ಴ၮḰ䈱⸳ቯ䊶⋙ⷞ㩷㩷䊶ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷᧦଀䇮ၮᧄ⸘↹䈱╷ቯ䊶ㆇ↪
㪞䋺 䇭䊶┙౉ᬌᩏ╬䈮䉋䉎⋙ⷞⴕ᡽ 䂾⚻ᷣ⊛ᚻᴺ䇭䊶ⅣႺ⒢䇮⺖ᓽ㊄䊶⵬ഥ㊄೙ᐲ䈱ᢛ஻䊶ㆇ↪
䂾⥄ਥ⊛ᚻᴺ䇭䊶౏ኂ㒐ᱛදቯ㩿ᴺ⊛ᩮ᜚䈭䈚㪀䈱✦⚿㩷㩷䊶ⅣႺቇ⠌䊶ᢎ⢒᡽╷䈱ផㅴ㪩䋺ⅣႺኻ╷⾗Ḯ䈱ㆇ↪⢻ജ㩿㫉㪼㫊㫆㫌㫉㪺㪼㩷㫄㪸㫅㪸㪾㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋㪀䂾ੱຬ䊶⚵❱
䇭䊶ⅣႺ㑐ㅪㇱ⟑䈱⸳⟎䊶ᵴേ㩷㩷䊶ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷⚵❱㩿ᆔຬળ䋬ክ⼏ળ䋬ડᬺ䊶Ꮢ᳃䇭㩷ද⼏ળ㪀䈱⸳⟎䊶ᵴേ䇭䊶ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷ㇱ⟑⡯ຬᢙ䈱᜛ల䊶ᵴേ
䂾⾗㊄䊶੍▚
䇭䊶ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷੍▚䈱᜛ల䊶ᵴ↪
䂾ᣉ⸳䊶⸳஻╬䇭䊶ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱ᢛ஻䊶ㆇ↪
䇭䊶ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ⼊ႎ⸳஻䇮ᖱႎ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱ᢛ஻䊶ㆇ↪

㪢䋺⍮⼂䊶ᖱႎ䊶ᛛⴚ䈱ឭଏ⢻ജ㩿㫂㫅㫆㫎㫃㪼㪻㪾㪼㩷㩽㩷㫋㪼㪺㪿㫅㫆㫃㫆㪾㫐㪀䂾⺞ᩏ䊶⎇ⓥ䇭䊶ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ䈱ⷐ࿃䊶䊜䉦䊆䉵䊛╬䈱⎇ⓥ䇭䊶ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷ᛛⴚ䈱㐿⊒䇮䊉䉡䊊䉡䈱⫾Ⓧ
䇭䊶ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷䈱᡽╷⎇ⓥ
䂾ᖱႎ౏㐿䊶౒᦭㩷㩷䊶ᄢ᳇⾰ታᘒ䋬ᄢ᳇ኻ╷ᖱႎ䈱౏㐿䇭䊶⡯ຬᢎ⢒䊶⎇ୃ䈱ታᣉ䂾ⷙ೙⊛ᚻᴺ䂾ੱຬ䊶⚵❱
䂾⺞ᩏ䊶⎇ⓥ䇭䊶ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷䈮ଥ䉎ᴺⷙ೙䈱ㆩ቞
䇭䊶ⅣႺ㑐ㅪㇱ⟑䈱⸳⟎䊶ᵴേ䇭䊶Ꮏ႐䊶੐ᬺᚲ䈱⥄␠䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫
䇭䊶ⅣႺၮḰ䋬ឃ಴ၮḰ䈱ㆩ቞䇭䊶ⅣႺ㑐ㅪㇱ⟑⡯ຬᢙ䈱᜛ల䊶ᵴേ䇭䊶ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷ᛛⴚ䈱㐿⊒䋬䊉䉡䊊䉡䈱⫾Ⓧ
䇭䊶ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷᧦଀䇮ၮᧄ⸘↹䈻䈱ኻᔕ
䇭䊶ⅣႺ▤ℂ⠪ᢙ䋬౏ኂ㒐ᱛ▤ℂ⠪ᢙ䈱᜛ల䊶ᵴേ䂾ᖱႎ౏㐿䊶౒᦭䉝䂾⾗㊄䊶੍▚
䇭䊶ⅣႺႎ๔ᦠ䋬ⅣႺળ⸘䈱૞ᚑ䊶౏㐿䉪 㪝䋺 䂾⚻ᷣ⊛ᚻᴺ䇭䊶ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷੍▚䈱᜛ల䊶ᵴ↪
䇭䊶⡯ຬᢎ⢒䊶⎇ୃ䈱ታᣉ䉺 ડᬺ 䇭䊶⵬ഥ㊄೙ᐲ╬䈱ᵴ↪䈮䉋䉎ኻ╷䔭䂾⥄ਥ⊛ᚻᴺ䂾ᣉ⸳䊶⸳஻╬䇭䊶౏ኂ㒐ᱛදቯ㩿ᴺ⊛ᩮ᜚䈭䈚㪀䈱✦⚿䇭䊶⥄␠䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱ᢛ஻䊶ㆇ↪
䇭䊶⽷䊶䉰䊷䊎䉴↢↥╬䋬ో䊒䊨䉶䉴䈪䈱ⅣႺ⽶⩄ᛥ೙ 䇭䊶⼊ႎ⸳஻䈱⸳⟎䇮ᖱႎ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱ᢛ஻䊶ㆇ↪
㩷㩷䊶㪠㪪㪦㪈㪋㪇㪇㪈䈱ขᓧ䋬㪜㪪㪚㪦੐ᬺ䈱ዉ౉╬䂾ੱຬ䊶⚵❱
䂾⺞ᩏ䊶⎇ⓥ䂾ⷙ೙⊛ᚻᴺ䇭䊶ⅣႺኻ╷ੱຬᢙ䈱᜛ల䊶ᵴേ㩿㪥㪞㪦䋬㪥㪧㪦㪀䇭䊶⺞ᩏ䊶⎇ⓥ㩿㪥㪞㪦䋬㪥㪧㪦㪀䇭䊶ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷䈮ଥ䉎ᴺⷙ೙䈱ㆩ቞㩿㊁὾䈐╬㪀䇭䊶⋙ⷞ䊶䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫㩿㪥㪞㪦䋬㪥㪧㪦㪀䇭䊶ⴕ᡽䈱ᳪᨴ⋙ⷞ૕೙䈱⵬ቢ㩿㪪㪦㪉䈱◲ᤃ᷹ቯ╬㪀 㩷㩷䊶㪥㪞㪦䋬㪥㪧㪦ᵴേ䈻䈱ෳട䊶ᵴേ
䇭䊶ⅣႺ䉟䊔䊮䊃䋬ⅣႺ⻠ᐳ╬䈻䈱ෳട䊶ᵴേ䂾ᖱႎ౏㐿䊶౒᦭䂾⚻ᷣ⊛ᚻᴺ㪚䋺䂾⾗㊄䊶੍▚
䇭䊶ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ⁁ᴫ䈱ᛠី䇭䊶⵬ഥ㊄೙ᐲ╬䈱ᵴ↪䈮䉋䉎ኻ╷㩿㪥㪞㪦䋬㪥㪧㪦㪀Ꮢ᳃䇭䊶ⅣႺኻ╷㑐ㅪ੍▚䈱᜛ల䊶ᵴ↪
㩷㩷䊶ⅣႺ㑐ㅪᖱႎ䈱₪ᓧ䂾⥄ਥ⊛ᚻᴺ␠ળ䇭䊶ⅣႺቇ⠌䋬ⅣႺᢎ⢒䈱ታᣉ㩷㩷䊶⧰ᖱ䋬ⷐᦸ䋬䊨䊎䉟䊮䉫䋬౏ኂ㒐ᱛදቯ䈻䈱ෳട 䂾ᣉ⸳䊶⸳஻╬
䇭䊶ⅣႺኻ╷䈮ଥ䉎ᣉ⸳䊶⸳஻䈱⏕଻䊶ㆇ↪㩿㪥㪞㪦䋬㪥㪧㪦㪀䇭䊶䉣䉮䊄䊤䉟䊑䋬౏౒੤ㅢ೑↪╬䋬⋭䉣䊈䊶⋭⾗Ḯ䇭䊶ⅣႺ㈩ᘦ⵾ຠ䈱ዉ౉䊶ᵴ↪㩿⋭䉣䊈䋬ᣂ䉣䊈ᯏེ㪀䇭㩷↢ᵴ䈻䈱ォ឵㩷㩷䊶䉫䊥䊷䊮⾼౉䋬䉣䉮䊐䉜䊮䊄಴ᚲ㧦᧛਄࡮᧻ጟ(2006b)

࿑ 㪍㩷 ᭴ㅧᣇ⒟ᑼ䊝䊂䊦䈮䉋䉎ಽᨆኻ⽎㩷
GK GR GP

FK FR

Gcap

Fcap

␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ

SCEM

FP

CK CR CP
Ccap

SO2
GRP

ENV

⚻ᷣᚑ㐳

ᄢ᳇⾰

NO2

䋨㪊䋩䊂䊷䉺㩷
ฦࠕࠢ࠲࡯㧔G㧘F㧘C㧕ߩⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߪ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ 3 ߟߩ⢻ജⷐ⚛㧔P㧘R㧘K㧕ߢ⴫ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘߒߡ㧘3 ߟߩ⢻ജⷐ⚛ߪ㧘⴫ 1 ߩ‫ߩޠ࡞ࠢࠗࠨޟ‬㗄ߦ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘᡽╷࡮ኻ╷ࠨࠗࠢ࡞㧘⍮⼂ࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߩ 3 ඙ಽߦኻᔕߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠅࠃࠇߎޕ‬㧘ᜰᮡൻߪ㧘ฦࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩၮᧄ⊛ߥ␠ળ⊛ᓎഀ㧙ⴕ᡽㧦᡽╷㧘ડᬺ㧦↢↥㧘Ꮢ᳃㧦ᶖ⾌㧙ߩߘࠇߙࠇߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻ㅪߩ੐⽎࡮ⴕേࠍ㧘3 ߟߦ඙ಽߒ࠺࡯࠲ㆬᛯࠍⴕ߁‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘ฦࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷ߦଥࠆ⋥ធ⊛㧘㑆ធ⊛ߥ᡽╷㧘↢↥㧘ᶖ⾌ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ 3 ඙ಽߒ࠺࡯࠲ㆬᛯࠍⴕ߁‫ࠅࠃࠇߎޕ‬㧘ฦࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߪ㧘SO2㧘NO2Ớᐲᡷༀߣ޿߁ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓߣߩ㑐ଥߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ߘߩ㆐ᚑߦ߻ߌߚࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻㧔K㧘R㧕
㧘ࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻㧔P㧕
ߦ޽ߚࠆ 3 ߟߩ⢻ജⷐ⚛ߢ⴫⃻ߐࠇࠆ㧔⴫ 2㧕
‫ޕ‬- 159 -

ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ㩷 No.36㩷 䋨2007.9䋩⴫ 㪉㩷 䊂䊷䉺㩷
㗄⋡

㪞㪺㪸㫇
㩿ⴕ᡽㪀

㪝㪺㪸㫇
㩿ડᬺ㪀

㪚㪺㪸㫇
㩿Ꮢ᳃㪀

㪞㪩㪧
㩿⚻ᷣᚑ㐳㪀
㪜㪥㪭
㩿ᄢ᳇⾰㪀

㪾㫂
㩷㩷㩷㪞㪢
㪾㫉
㩷㩷㩷㪞㪩
㪾㫇
㩷㩷㩷㪞㪧
㪽㫂
㩷㩷㩷㪝㪢
㪽㫉
㩷㩷㩷㪝㪩
㪽㫇
㩷㩷㩷㪝㪧
㪺㫂
㩷㩷㩷㪚㪢
㪺㫉
㩷㩷㩷㪚㪩
㪺㫇
㩷㩷㩷㪚㪧

䊂䊷䉺
᡽╷ᩮ᜚䈫䈭䉎⑼ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ䈱ታᣉ䋺Ꮢ┙䈱ⅣႺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ䈱⎇ⓥᚑᨐ䈮ଥ䉎⺰ᢥ䈱ឝタᢙ⑼ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ䉕〯䉁䈋䈢᡽╷ൻ䈮ଥ䉎⚵❱૕೙䈱ᢛ஻䋺Ꮢ䈱ⅣႺㇱ⟑䈍䉋䈶ⅣႺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ䈱⡯ຬᢙ㬍ᐔဋൕോᐕᢙ
ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ᡽╷䈱ㆀⴕ䋺Ꮢ䈍䉋䈶ⅣႺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ䈮䉋䉎Ꮏ႐䊶੐ᬺ႐╬䈻䈱ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴᬌᩏઙᢙ
⸳஻䈮૕ൻ䈘䉏䈢⾗Ḯല₸⊛䈭↢↥䈮ଥ䉎ᛛⴚ䊶䊉䉡䊊䉡䈱⫾Ⓧ
䋺⵾ㅧᬺㇱ㐷䈱᦭ᒻ࿕ቯ⾗↥䈱ᐕᧃ⃻࿷㜞䋨ታ⾰୯䋩౏ኂ㒐ᱛ䉇↢↥Ꮏ⒟▤ℂ䈱䈢䉄䈱⚵❱૕೙䈱ᢛ஻䋺౏ኂ㒐ᱛ▤ℂ⠪䋨ᄢ᳇㑐ଥ䋩䈱࿖ኅ⹜㛎วᩰ⠪䋨⚥⸘୯䋩⾗Ḯല₸⊛䈭↢↥䋺⵾ㅧᬺㇱ㐷䈱⵾ㅧຠ಴⩄㗵䋯ේ᧚ᢱ૶↪㗵ⅣႺᗧ⼂㉯ᚑ䈭䈬䈮ଥ䉎⍮⼂䊶ᖱႎൻ䋺ㅢା䋬ᢎ⑼ᦠ䊶ቇ⠌ෳ⠨ᦠ䋬ᦠ☋䊶ઁ䈱ශ೚‛䈮ଥ䉎ᡰ಴㗵䋨ታ⾰୯䋩୘ੱ䈱ⅣႺᗧ⼂䉕ⅣႺⴕേ䈮ଦ䈜䇸႐䇹䈱ഃㅧ䋺Ꮢ䈱␠ળᢎ⢒⾌䋨ታ⾰୯䋩౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐䈱೑↪
䋺䊋䉴䊶㔚ゞ䈱ㅢቇ䈍䉋䈶ㅢൕቯᦼ䈮ଥ䉎ᡰ಴㗵䋨ታ⾰୯䋩㪈ੱᒰ䈢䉍Ꮢౝ✚↢↥䋨ታ⾰୯䋩಴ᚲⅣႺ⑼ቇ䋨଻ஜ䋩⎇ⓥᚲႎ㩿ฦㇺᏒ䋬ฦᐕ 㪀ⅣႺ⊕ᦠ╬㩿ฦㇺᏒ䋬ฦᐕ 㪀ෘ↢⋭䇸ⴡ↢ⴕ᡽ᬺോႎ๔䇹䋨ฦᐕ 䋩࿾ᣇ౏ോຬ⛎ਈ೙ᐲ⎇ⓥળ䇸࿾ᣇ౏ോຬ⛎ਈ䈱ታᘒ䇹㩿ฦᐕ⚻ᷣ↥ᬺ⋭䇸Ꮏᬺ⛔⸘⴫䇹㩿ฦᐕ 㪀↥ᬺⅣႺ▤ℂදળ䇸↥ᬺ౏ኂ䇹䋬䇸ⅣႺ▤ℂ䇹䋨ฦᐕ 䋩ౝ㑑ᐭ䇸࿖᳃⚻ᷣ⸘▚䇭㔛ⷐ㗄⋡೎ᤨ♽೉⴫䇭ᐕᐲ䊂䊐䊧䊷䉺䇹✚ോ⋭䇸ኅ⸘⺞ᩏᐕႎ䇹㩿ฦᐕ 㪀࿾ᣇ⽷᡽⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥળ䇸࿾ᣇ⽷᡽⛔⸘ᐕႎ䇹㩿ฦᐕ 㪀✚ോ⋭䇸ᐔᚑ㪈㪉ᐕၮḰ䇭ᶖ⾌⠪‛ଔធ⛯ᜰᢙ䇹⚻ᷣડ↹ᐡ䇸࿖᳃⚻ᷣ⸘▚ᐕႎ䇹㩿ฦᐕ 㪀ౝ㑑ᐭ䇸⋵᳃⚻ᷣ⸘▚ᐕႎ䇹㩿ฦᐕ㪪㪦㪉 ੑ㉄ൻ⎫㤛㩿㪪㪦㪉㪀Ớᐲ㩿㫇㫇㫄㪀㩷㩿৻⥸᷹ቯዪ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᐕᐔဋ୯㪀㪥㪦㪉 ੑ㉄ൻ⓸⚛㩿㪥㪦㪉㪀Ớᐲ㩿㫇㫇㫄㪀㩷㩿ห਄㪀㪀㪀ⅣႺ⋭䇸ᣣᧄ䈱ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ⁁ᴫ䇹䋨ฦᐕ 䋩࠺࡯࠲ߪ㧘⴫ 1 ߩ 33 ߩࡑ࠻࡝ࠢࠬߦၮߠ߈㧘3 ㇺᏒߣ߽ߦ 1971㨪2000 ᐕߢ⛮⛯⊛ߦ෼㓸น⢻ߥ࠺࡯࠲߆ࠄㆬᛯߐࠇࠆ‫ࠆࠇߐ␜ߦ࠲࡯࠺⸘⛔ߩߎޕ‬㗼࿷ൻߒߚฦࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩᵴേߩ⒟ᐲߪ㧘ẜ࿷⊛ߥ⢻ജ᳓Ḱߦଐሽ޽ࠆ޿ߪ෻ᤋߐࠇࠆߚ߼㧘ߎࠇࠍઍℂᜰᮡߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪߢߎߎޕ‬㧘3 ㇺᏒ࡮30 ᐕ㑆౒ㅢߦ෼㓸ߢ߈ࠆ⛔⸘࠺࡯࠲ߦࠃࠅ㧘⢻ജࠍઍℂ⊛ߦ⴫ߔߎߣߣߥࠆ‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘ⴕ᡽ߪᏒ߅ࠃ߮Ꮢ┙ߩⅣႺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ
ᚲ 6)޽ߚࠅ㧘ડᬺߪ੐ᬺᚲ޽ߚࠅ㧘Ꮢ᳃ߪ਎Ꮺ޽ߚࠅߦടᎿߒ㧘ࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߏߣߦන૏ࠍ⛔৻ߔࠆߎߣߢᜰ
ᮡൻߔࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᄢ᳇⾰㧔ENV㧕ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘SO2 Ớᐲ㧘NO2 Ớᐲߪ㧘࿑ 4㧘࿑ 5 ߩࠃ߁ߦ৻⥸᷹ቯዪߦ߅
ߌࠆᐕᐔဋ୯ߣߔࠆ 7)‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘SO2㧘NO2 ߪ㧘ࡈࡠ࡯ဳߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ‛⾰ߢ޽ࠅ㧘⫾Ⓧဳߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ‛⾰ߣ⇣ߥࠅ㧘ฦࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩᵴേߦ઻߁ኻ╷߇ขࠄࠇࠆߎߣߢ㧘⋥ߜߦឃ಴㊂߅ࠃ߮Ớᐲߩૐਅ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩߣ
ᝒ߃ࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘᭴ㅧᣇ⒟ᑼࡕ࠺࡞ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘SO2 Ớᐲ㧘NO2 ỚᐲߣⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߪหᐕᐲߢߩಽ
ᨆߣߔࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳㧔GRP㧕ߪ 1 ੱᒰߚࠅᏒౝ✚↢↥ߣߒ㧘GDP࠺ࡈ࡟࡯࠲ߢታ⾰ൻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㽲ⴕ᡽䈱ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ䋨㪞㪺㪸㫇䋩㩷
ⴕ᡽ߩⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߪ 3 ߟߩᜰᮡߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ‫ߕ߹ޕ‬㧘ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆ‫ޟ‬᡽╷‫ߣ࠻࠶ࡊ࠻࠙ࠕߩޠ‬ߒߡ㧘‫ޟ‬ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ᡽╷ߩㆡಾߥㆀⴕ㧔gp㧕‫⸳߇ޠ‬ቯߢ߈ࠆ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ߎߩ㆐ᚑߩ⢛᥊ߦߪ㧘‫ޟ‬᡽╷┙᩺࡮ታᣉߩၮ␆ߣߥࠆ⑼ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ㧔gk㧕‫ޠ‬㧘‫⑼ޟ‬ቇ⊛⎇ⓥࠍ〯߹߃ߚ᡽╷ൻߦଥࠆ⚵❱૕೙㧔gr㧕‫߇ޠ‬ሽ࿷ߒ㧘gkψ
grψgp ߣ޿߁ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߦኻߔࠆ৻ㅪߩ‫ޟ‬᡽╷‫߇ࠬ࠮ࡠࡊޠ‬ዉ߆ࠇࠆ‫ߢߎߎޕ‬㧘ߎࠇࠄߦኻᔕߔࠆ⢻ജⷐ⚛
ࠍ㧘⴫ 2 ߦ޽ࠆ Gcap ߩ GK‫ޟ‬Ꮢ┙ߩⅣႺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲߢߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߦଥࠆ⺰ᢥឝタᢙ‫ޠ‬㧘GR‫ޟ‬ᏒߩⅣႺㇱ⟑߅ࠃ߮ⅣႺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲߩ⡯ຬᢙᐔဋൕോᐕᢙ‫ޠ‬
㧘GP‫ޟ‬Ꮢ߅ࠃ߮ⅣႺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲߦࠃࠆᎿ႐࡮੐ᬺ႐╬߳ߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴᬌᩏઙᢙ‫ ߩޠ‬3 ߟߩ࠺࡯࠲ߢઍᦧߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ⅣႺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲߪ㧘ᮮᵿᏒⅣႺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ㧘ฬฎደᏒⅣႺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ㧘ᄢ㒋ᏒⅣႺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ߇ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬
6)

ᄢ᳇ⅣႺቇળผᢱᢛℂ⎇ⓥᆔຬળ(2000)ߪ㧘࿾ᣇ౏ኂ⹜㛎⎇ⓥᯏ㑐ߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ⎇ⓥផㅴߦᨐߚߒߚᓎഀߪᄢ߈޿ߣ⹏ଔߒ㧘᳖⷗(1988)߽ห᭽
ߩ⹏ଔࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᣣᧄߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ⚻㛎ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ(1997)ߪ㧘౏ኂኻ╷ߦଥࠆᏒ┙ߩ⎇ⓥᚲߩߺࠍኻ⽎ߣߪߒߡߪ޿ߥ޿߇㧘‫ޟ‬ડᬺߩ
ข⚵߇චಽߢߥ߆ߞߚ౏ኂ໧㗴ߩೋᦼߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘᷹ቯᛛⴚ㧘ኻ╷ᛛⴚߩ㐿⊒╬ߦ߽࿾ᣇ౏౒࿅૕ߩᛛⴚ⠪߇ᄢ߈ߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߚ‫⹏ߣޠ‬ଔߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬7)
৻⥸ߦⅣႺᇦ૕ਛߩᳪᨴ‛⾰ỚᐲߩಽᏓߪኻᢙᱜⷙಽᏓࠍ␜ߔߣ޿߁ᜰ៰߽޽ࠅ㧔ⅣႺ⋭(2002)㧕
㧘߹ߚ㧘ࡅࠬ࠻ࠣ࡜ࡓߢ߽ኻᢙᱜⷙಽᏓߦ
ㄭ޿ᒻ⁁ࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ࠅࠃࠇߎޕ‬㧘Უ㓸࿅ಽᏓߣߒߡᄙᄌ㊂ᱜⷙಽᏓࠍᗐቯߔࠆಽᨆᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ࠆߚ߼㧘ಽᨆߢߪ㧘ᱜⷙಽᏓߦㄭૃߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘
SO2 Ớᐲ㧘NO2 Ớᐲࠍኻᢙൻߒߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘1971㨪2000 ᐕߩోᦼ㑆ࠍㅢߓߡߩㇺᏒ೎ߩ SO2㧘NO2 ឃ಴㊂ߩ࠺࡯࠲ߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬- 160 -

ㇺᏒᄢ᳇⾰䈫⚻ᷣᚑ㐳䈍䉋䈶␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ䈱࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧಽᨆ

GK‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥᚑᨐߦଥࠆ⺰ᢥឝタᢙ‫ߪޠ‬㧘ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ⁁ᴫߩಽᨆ㧘ᳪᨴ㒰෰ᛛⴚߩ⹏ଔ╬㧘⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ㧘⹜㛎ᬌᩏߥߤ㧘Ꮢ┙ߩⅣႺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲߩᓎഀߣߒߡߩ⑼ቇ⊛⍮⷗ߩ⫾Ⓧ࡮ឭଏ⢻ജࠍઍℂ⊛ߦ⴫ߔߣᝒ߃ࠆ 8)‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ⅣႺ໧㗴⸃᳿ߦߪ⑼ቇ⊛⍮⼂߇ᔅⷐ‫ޠ‬㧔ችᧄ(1989)㧕ߣߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ൎේ(2001)㧘⮮ୖ(2002)ߪ㧘౏ኂኻ╷ߦ߅ߌࠆ⑼ቇ⊛࠺࡯࠲ߩ᦭ലᕈࠍᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬GR‫ޟ‬⡯ຬᢙᐔဋൕോᐕᢙ‫ߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬㧘⴫ 1 ߩ‫ޟ‬R㧦ⅣႺ᡽╷⾗Ḯߩㆇ↪⢻ജ‫ߪޠ‬㧘ੱຬ࡮⚵❱㧘⾗㊄࡮੍▚㧘ᣉ⸳࡮⸳஻╬ߣ޿߁㧘޿ࠊࠁࠆࡅ࠻㧘ࡕࡁ㧘ࠞࡀߩㆇ↪⢻ജߣߒߡ⚦ಽ㘃ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ᧄಽᨆߢߪ㧘ߘࠇࠄ⾗Ḯࠍ✚ว⊛ߦࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߔࠆੱຬ࡮⚵❱ࠍ㧘Rߦ߅ߌࠆᦨ߽ఝవ⊛ߥ⢻ജⷐ⚛㧘ߟ߹ࠅR
ߩઍ⴫ᕈࠍ᦭ߔ߽ߩߣߒߡᝒ߃ࠆ 9)‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘ᧃᑝ(2000)ߪ㧘᡽ᐭߩᎿᬺൻߦଥࠆ␠ળ⊛⢻ജߩⷐ⚛ߣߒߡ㧘᡽╷ߩ┙᩺࡮ታᣉߦଥࠆ⚵❱⸳┙ߣੱ⊛⾗Ḯᛩ౉ࠍ╙৻ߦ޽ߍߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ੱຬ࡮⚵❱ߪ㧘㊂ߛߌߢߥߊ㧘⾰ߩᛠី߇㊀ⷐߣߥࠆߚ߼㧘Barro(1991)㧘Mulligan and Sala-i-Martin(1997)ࠄ߇㧘ഭ௛ജߩ⾰ߩ⸘᷹ߦ㓙ߒߡ㧘ᢎ⢒ᐕᢙ߿ഭ௛⠪ᚲᓧ╬ࠍઍℂᄌᢙߢ↪޿ߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ〯߹߃㧘ⅣႺ᡽╷ߦ៤ࠊࠆੱຬ࡮⚵❱ߩ⾰ࠍ㧘⚻㛎߅ࠃ߮ᾫ✵ࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߣߒߡߩᐔဋൕോᐕᢙࠍ⸳ቯߒ㧘ੱຬᢙߣដߌวࠊߖߡ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬GP‫ޟ‬Ꮏ႐࡮੐ᬺ႐╬߳ߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴᬌᩏઙᢙ‫ߪޠ‬㧘ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ㒐ᱛᴺ߿౏ኂ㒐ᱛ᧦଀߅ࠃ߮Ꮢ᳃߆ࠄߩ⧰ᖱ
╬ߦၮߠߊᎿ႐࡮੐ᬺ႐߳ߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߦ㑐ߔࠆ┙౉ᬌᩏߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Άᢱ߿ේᢱណขߦࠃࠆᬌᩏ㧘ᯏེߩല₸್ቯ߿⛽ᜬ▤ℂ⁁ᴫᬌᩏߥߤߩዯ಴ౝኈ߿ၮḰㆡว⁁ᴫߩᬌᩏߣߣ߽ߦ㧘౏ኂ㒐ᱛ⚵❱ߩᢛ஻⁁ᴫ߿౏ኂ㒐ᱛ▤ℂ⠪ߩᵴേ⁁ᴫߩᬌᩏ╬ࠍⴕ߁ 10)‫ޕ‬᧻ਅ(2002)ߪ㧘ⅣႺࠟࡃ࠽ࡦࠬߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ㧘᡽╷ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ㧘⺖㗴⸳ቯ㧘᡽╷ᒻᚑ㧘᡽╷ታᣉߦ 3 ඙ಽߒ㧘ⅣႺ໧㗴ߩሽ࿷ߣⴕ᡽⊛⺖㗴ߣߒߡߩ⹺⼂㧘᡽╷᳿ቯߣ⃻ታߩ᡽╷ታᣉߥߤߦࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ߇޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩⷐ࿃ᛠីߩߚ߼ߦ᡽╷ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ඙ಽߏߣߩᬌ⸛ߩᔅⷐᕈࠍㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘⑼ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ㧘᡽╷ൻߦଥࠆ⚵❱૕೙㧘᡽╷ㆀⴕࠍ㧘᡽╷ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ඙ಽߦኻᔕߔࠆ୘೎ߩ⢻ജⷐ⚛ߣߒߡ⸳ቯߔࠆߎߣߪᅷᒰߣ
޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬
㽳ડᬺ䈱ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ䋨㪝㪺㪸㫇䋩㩷
ડᬺߩⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߪ 3 ߟߩᜰᮡߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ‫ߕ߹ޕ‬㧘ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆ‫ߣ࠻࠶ࡊ࠻࠙ࠕߩޠ↥↢ޟ‬ߒߡ㧘‫⾗ޟ‬Ḯല₸⊛ߥ↢↥㧔fp㧕‫⸳߇ޠ‬ቯߢ߈ࠆ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ߎߩ㆐ᚑߩ⢛᥊ߦߪ㧘ࠢ࡝࡯࠽࡯࡮ࡊࡠ࠳ࠢࠪ
࡚ࡦᛛⴚ╬ߦࠃࠆ‫⾗ޟ‬Ḯല₸⊛ߥ↢↥ߦଥࠆᛛⴚ࡮ࡁ࠙ࡂ࠙ߩ⫾Ⓧ㧔fk㧕‫ޠ‬㧘‫౏ޟ‬ኂ㒐ᱛ߿⾗Ḯല₸⊛ߥ↢↥Ꮏ⒟▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩ⚵❱૕೙㧔fr㧕‫߇ޠ‬ሽ࿷ߒ㧘fkψfrψfp ߣ޿߁ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߦኻߔࠆ৻ㅪߩ‫ࠬ࠮ࡠࡊޠ↥↢ޟ‬8)Ꮢ┙ߩⅣႺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲߪ㧘1960 ᐕઍߦ౏ኂ߇ᷓೞൻߒߚߎߣߥߤߦ઻޿㧘Ꮢ┙ߩⴡ↢⎇ⓥᚲ߆ࠄ㧘ⅣႺ߅ࠃ߮౏ኂ⎇ⓥࠍኾ㐷ߦ⎇ⓥߔࠆᯏ㑐ߣߒߡ⁛┙ߒߚ⚻✲߇޽ࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘ᄢ᳇⾰ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆᧄಽᨆߢߪ㧘Ꮢ┙ߩⅣႺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐ߇ᒰᏒߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ᡽╷߳ߩ⋥
ធߩ⽸₂ᐲ߇㜞޿ߣߺߥߒ㧘ઍℂ࠺࡯࠲ߣߒߡណ↪ߒߚ‫⎇↢ⴡࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬ⓥ߽᡽╷ߦᵴ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆㇱಽߪ޽ࠆߣផ᷹ߐࠇࠆ߇㧘ᓎഀߣߒߡ
ਥߦ଻ஜⴡ↢᡽╷ߦ⾗ߔࠆ⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣߺߥߒߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ઁߩᏒ┙ߩ⎇ⓥᚲ㧔ㇺᏒ⸘↹㧘࿯ᧁߥߤ㧕߽㧘ߘߩࡔࠗࡦߩ᡽╷ಽ㊁ߦ
ኻߔࠆ⽸₂ߣߺߥߒߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘᡽╷ൻߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ઁㇺᏒ߿࿖ߩ⎇ⓥേะ߽㧘ᒰὼߥ߇ࠄᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬9)߹ߚ㧘ᣉ⸳࡮⸳஻ࠍ‛ઙ⾌╬㧘ੱຬ࡮⚵❱ࠍੱઙ⾌ߣߒߡౝ൮ߔࠆ᭎ᔨߣߒߡߩ⾗㊄࡮੍▚ߪ㧘ᢛว⊛ߥ 30 ᐕ㑆ߩ࠺࡯࠲߇ឥࠊߥ޿ߣ޿߁
࠺࡯࠲೙⚂߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬10)‫ޟ‬ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ㒐ᱛᴺߩ৻ㇱࠍᡷᱜߔࠆᴺᓞߩᣉⴕߦߟ޿ߡ‫(ޠ‬1981 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 19 ᣣ㧘Ⅳᄢડ 3)㧘߅ࠃ߮㧘Ფᐕᐲ㐿௅ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆో࿖ㇺ㆏ᐭ⋵࡮᡽઎ᜰቯㇺᏒᄢ᳇ਥ▤ᜂᒰ⺖㐳ળ⼏ߦࠃࠅ㧘ⅣႺ⋭ߪ㧘ᄢⷙᮨߥ߫޿ᾍ╬⊒↢ᣉ⸳ߥߤߦኻߒߡ㧘ᦨૐᐕ 1 ࿁એ਄┙౉ᬌᩏߢ⏕⹺ߔࠆࠃ߁ᜰዉ
ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬㧘✚ോᐡⴕ᡽⋙ኤዪ(1996)ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘┙౉ᬌᩏታᣉߦਇ஻߇޽ࠆㇺ㆏ᐭ⋵㧘᡽઎Ꮢߩሽ࿷߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬㧘┙౉ᬌᩏߩታᣉᣇ㊎࡮ታᣉ⸘↹ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᐕ৻࿁એ਄ߩ┙౉ᬌᩏࠍ੍ቯߒߡ޿ߥ޿㧔14 ㇺ㆏ᐭ⋵ 12 ᡽઎Ꮢ㧕㧘⸘↹⥄૕╷ቯߒߡ޿ߥ޿㧔3 ㇺ㆏ᐭ⋵ 4᡽઎Ꮢ㧕ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᬌᩏታᣉᓟߩᡷༀភ⟎╬ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘Ꮏ႐࡮੐ᬺ႐ߩ⥄Ꮖ᷹ቯᧂታᣉߩ⷗⪭ߣߒ㧔6 ㇺ㆏ᐭ⋵ 3 ᡽઎Ꮢ㧕㧘ᡷༀᜰዉភ⟎⁁ᴫߩᧂ⏕⹺㧔6 ㇺ㆏ᐭ⋵ 4 ᡽઎Ꮢ㧕ߥߤ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛߦߪ㧘ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߦଥࠆ┙౉ᬌᩏࠍోߊታᣉߒߡ޿ߥ޿㧘߹ߚ㧘৻ㇱᣉ⸳ߩߺߦ㒢ቯߒ⊛⏕ߥ┙౉ᬌᩏࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ߥ޿㧘3 ᐕ㑆 1 ᐲ߽┙౉ᬌᩏࠍฃߌߡ޿ߥ޿Ꮏ႐࡮੐ᬺ႐߇ 30%એ਄ࠍභ߼ࠆ㧘ࠟࠬឃ಴㊂ߩᄢ߈޿ᣉ
⸳ߩߺࠍኻ⽎ߦ 10 ᐕߦ 1 ࿁⒟ᐲߒ߆┙౉ᬌᩏࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߥߤߩ੐଀߽᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ታᖱࠍ〯߹߃ߡ㧘ⅣႺ⋭ߦኻߒߡ㧘ᚑഞ੐଀ߣߒߡ㧘ᐕ 1 ࿁એ਄┙౉ᬌᩏࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆㇺ㆏ᐭ⋵ߩታᣉᣇ㊎߅ࠃ߮ታᣉ⸘↹੐଀߿㧘┙౉ᬌᩏߩല₸⊛㧘ലᨐ⊛ߥᣇᴺߩ੐଀෼㓸ࠍߒߡ㧘ㇺ㆏ᐭ⋵߅ࠃ߮᡽઎Ꮢߦ␜ߔߴ߈ߣ൘๔ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠅࠃࠄࠇߎޕ‬㧘ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴᬌᩏઙᢙߣߒߡ⴫ࠊߐࠇࠆ GP㧔ⴕ᡽ߩ᡽╷࡮ኻ╷ߩㆀⴕ⢻ജ㧕ߪ㧘ㇺᏒߏߣߦ⇣ߥࠆߎߣ߇ታ㓙㕙߆ࠄ߽⏕⹺ߐࠇࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘⡯ຬᢙᐔဋൕോᐕᢙߣߒߡ⴫ߐࠇࠆ GR㧔ⅣႺኻ╷⾗Ḯߩㆇ↪⢻ജ㧕ߩ᳓Ḱߦቢోߦଐሽߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿ߎߣ߽ផ᷹ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬- 161 -

ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ㩷 No.36㩷 䋨2007.9䋩

߇ዉ߆ࠇࠆ‫ߢߎߎޕ‬㧘ߎࠇࠄߦኻᔕߔࠆ⢻ജⷐ⚛ࠍ㧘⴫ 2 ߦ޽ࠆ Fcap ߩ FK‫⵾ޟ‬ㅧᬺㇱ㐷ߩ᦭ᒻ࿕ቯ⾗↥ߩᐕᧃ⃻࿷㜞‫ޠ‬
㧘FR‫౏ޟ‬ኂ㒐ᱛ▤ℂ⠪㧔ᄢ᳇㑐ଥ㧕ߩ࿖ኅ⹜㛎วᩰ⠪ߩ⚥⸘‫ޠ‬
㧘FP‫⵾ޟ‬ㅧᬺㇱ㐷ߩ⵾ㅧຠ಴
⩄㗵㧛ේ᧚ᢱ૶↪㗵‫ ߩޠ‬3 ߟߩ࠺࡯࠲ߢઍᦧߔࠆ‫ޕ‬FK‫᦭ޟ‬ᒻ࿕ቯ⾗↥ߩᐕᧃ⃻࿷㜞‫ߪޠ‬㧘᳃㑆ડᬺ⸳஻࠺
ࡈ࡟࡯࠲ߦࠃࠅታ⾰ൻߔࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘SO2㧘NO2 ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ߘߩਥⷐߥឃ಴⠪ߣߒߡߩ⵾ㅧᬺ
ಽ㊁ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ࠺࡯࠲ㆬᛯࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬FK‫᦭ޟ‬ᒻ࿕ቯ⾗↥ߩᐕᧃ⃻࿷㜞‫ߪޠ‬㧘↢↥ᵴേో⥸ߦଥࠆ⾗↥ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ࠢ࡝࡯࠽࡯࡮ࡊࡠ࠳࡚ࠢࠪࡦᛛ
ⴚߩߺࠍ▸࿐ߣߔࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿߇㧘ડᬺߪ⾗Ḯല₸⊛ߥ↢↥ߦነਈߔࠆ⸳஻ߩⓍᭂ⊛ߥዉ౉ߣߘߩㆇ↪
ߦଥࠆᛛⴚ࡮ࡁ࠙ࡂ࠙ߩ⫾Ⓧߣ޿߁วℂ⊛ߥⴕേࠍߣࠆߣᗐቯߢ߈ࠆߚ߼㧘K㧦⍮⼂࡮ᖱႎ࡮ᛛⴚߩឭଏ
⢻ജߣߒߡઍᦧߔࠆ 11)‫ޕ‬FR‫౏ޟ‬ኂ㒐ᱛ▤ℂ⠪╬࿖ኅ⹜㛎วᩰ⠪‫ߪޠ‬㧘ో࿖ 9 ળ႐೎ߦ␜ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘‫ޟ‬㧔ળ႐೎วᩰ⠪ᢙ㧕㧔ᒰ⹥ㇺᏒੱญ㧛ᒰ⹥࿾ᣇ⚻ᷣ↥ᬺዪߩ▤ロ࿾ၞౝੱญ㧕‫ࠅࠃߦޠ‬ផ⸘ߒߚ㧔ᧄ↰(2004)㧕
‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘1971 ᐕߩ╙ 1 ࿁⹜㛎วᩰ⠪ߩᐔဋᐕ㦂߇⚂ 30 ᱦߢ޽ࠅ㧘౏ኂ㒐ᱛߦଥࠆ⍮⼂࡮ࡁ࠙ࡂ࠙ࠍᜬߞߚੱ᧚߇ડᬺౝߢ⛮⛯ߒߡ⽸₂ߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡ⚥⸘୯ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬FP‫⵾ޟ‬ㅧຠ಴⩄㗵㧛ේ᧚ᢱ૶↪㗵‫ߪޠ‬㧘Άᢱ㧘↪᳓ߥߤࠍ฽߻ේ᧚ᢱ࡮⾗᧚ߣ޿߁⾗Ḯᛩ౉㊂㧔ࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻㧕ߣ㧘⵾ㅧຠߩ↥಴㧔ࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻㧕߆ࠄ᷹ቯߐࠇࠆ↢↥ᕈߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߎࠇࠍ⾗Ḯല₸ᕈߣߒߚ‫⾗ޕ‬Ḯല₸ᕈߩะ਄ߦࠃࠅ㧘ⅣႺ⽶⩄ૐᷫߦ❬߇ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⚬㊁࡮㊁ਛ(1995)ߪ㧘⢻ജࡌ࡯ࠬ⚻༡ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘⢻ജࠍ⚵❱⾗Ḯ࡟ࡌ࡞㧔⍮⼂⾗Ḯ㧘⹺⍮⊛⢻ജ㧕㧘⍮⼂ᄌ឵࡟ࡌ࡞㧔ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧘ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ㧘ࠬࠠ࡞㧕㧘ࡊࡠ࠳ࠢ࠻࡟ࡌ࡞㧔ࠦࠕࡊࡠ࠳ࠢ࠻㧘⵬ቢ⊛⵾ຠ࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆ
ࠬ㧕ߩਃጀߦಽ㘃ߒ㧘ߘࠇࠄ߇⋧੕ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ડᬺߩ✚૕⊛ߥ⢻ജ߇ታ૕ൻߒߡ޿ࠆߣㅀߴߡ޿
ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߩડᬺߩ⢻ജⷐ⚛ K㧘R㧘P ߩಽ㘃ߣᢛวߔࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᧄಽᨆߢߩ‫ޟ‬R㧦ⅣႺ᡽╷⾗Ḯߩㆇ↪⢻ജ‫ࠆߚ޽ߦޠ‬⍮⼂ᄌ឵࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘‫ޟ‬ਛߢ߽㊀ⷐߥߩߪ㧘࠴࡯ࡓ㧔ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ޽ࠆ޿ߪࡊࡠࠫ
ࠚࠢ࠻㧕ࠍࡊ࡜࠶࠻ࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߣߔࠆ㧘⍮ߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠭ࡓ߇⊒ើߐࠇࠆ⚵❱ㆇ༡߿࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ㧘ߘߎߢߩഃㅧᕈߣല₸ᕈߩਔ┙ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޠ‬㧔⚬㊁࡮㊁ਛ(1995)㧕ߣߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘‫ޟ‬R㧦ⅣႺ᡽╷⾗Ḯߩㆇ↪⢻ജ‫ߩޠ‬ਛߢ߽ੱຬ࡮⚵❱ߦ㑐ࠊࠆⷐ⚛ߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ධ(1992)ߪ㧘ᛛⴚዉ౉ߩ␠ળ⊛⢻ജߩⷐ⚛
ߣߒߡ㧘╙৻ߦડᬺߩੱ⊛⾗Ḯࠍ޽ߍߡ߅ࠅ㧘‫ޟ‬R㧦ⅣႺ᡽╷⾗Ḯߩㆇ↪⢻ജ‫ੱࠆߌ߅ߦޠ‬ຬ࡮⚵❱ߣߒߡߩ FR‫౏ޟ‬ኂ㒐ᱛ▤ℂ⠪╬࿖ኅ⹜㛎วᩰ⠪‫ߪޠ‬㧘R ߩઍ⴫ᕈࠍ᦭ߔ߽ߩߣߒߡᅷᒰߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬㽴Ꮢ᳃䈱ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ䋨㪚㪺㪸㫇䋩㩷
Ꮢ᳃ߩⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߪ 3 ߟߩᜰᮡߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ‫ߕ߹ޕ‬㧘ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆ‫ޟ‬ᶖ⾌‫ߣ࠻࠶ࡊ࠻࠙ࠕߩޠ‬ߒߡ㧘‫౒౏ޟ‬੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩⓍᭂ⊛ߥ೑↪㧔cp㧕‫⸳߇ޠ‬ቯߢ߈ࠆ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ߎߩ㆐ᚑߩ⢛᥊ߦߪ㧘‫ޟ‬ⅣႺᗧ⼂㉯ᚑߥߤߦଥࠆ⍮⼂࡮ᖱႎൻ㧔ck㧕‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬୘ੱߩⅣႺᗧ⼂ࠍⅣႺⴕേߦଦߔ‫ޡ‬႐‫ߩޢ‬ഃㅧ㧔cr㧕‫߇ޠ‬ሽ࿷ߒ㧘ckψ
crψcp ߣ޿߁ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߦኻߔࠆ৻ㅪߩ‫ޟ‬ᶖ⾌‫߇ࠬ࠮ࡠࡊޠ‬ዉ߆ࠇࠆ‫ߢߎߎޕ‬㧘ߎࠇࠄߦኻᔕߔࠆ⢻ജⷐ⚛
㧘CP‫ࡃޟ‬ࠍ㧘⴫ 2 ߦ޽ࠆ Ccap ߩ CK‫ޟ‬ㅢା߅ࠃ߮ᦠ☋࡮ઁߩශ೚‛ߦଥࠆᡰ಴㗵‫ޠ‬
㧘CR‫ޟ‬Ꮢߩ␠ળᢎ⢒⾌‫ޠ‬ࠬ࡮㔚ゞߩㅢቇ߅ࠃ߮ㅢൕቯᦼߦଥࠆᡰ಴㗵‫ ߩޠ‬3 ߟߩ࠺࡯࠲ߢઍᦧߔࠆ‫ޕ‬CK㧘CP ߪㇺᏒ೎ຠ⋡೎࠺ࡈ࡟࡯࠲㧘CR ߪᢎ⢒ᡰ಴࠺ࡈ࡟࡯࠲ߢታ⾰ൻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
CK‫ޟ‬ㅢା߅ࠃ߮ᦠ☋࡮ઁߩශ೚‛ߦଥࠆᡰ಴㗵‫ߪޠ‬㧘ⅣႺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⠨߃߿ଔ୯ⷰ㧘ၮᧄ⊛⢻ജߩ᳓Ḱࠍઍᦧߔࠆ‫ߢߎߎޕ‬㧘ᑝ᧻(1986)ߩᖱႎൻᜰᮡ૞ᚑߦଥࠆᖱႎᵹㅢ᭴ㅧߩಽ㘃ߢ޽ࠆࡄ࡯࠰࠽࡞㧛ࡑࠬ࡮ࠦ11)౏ኂኻ╷ߦ߅ߌࠆ EP ᛛⴚ㧔ࠛࡦ࠼࡮ࠝࡉ࡮ࡄࠗࡊ㧕ߪ㧘⾗Ḯല₸ᕈࠍ⋥ធะ਄ߐߖࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿ߚ߼㧘ᩮᧄ⊛ߥ౏ኂኻ╷ߣߒߡߩࠢ࡝࡯
࠽࡯࡮ࡊࡠ࠳࡚ࠢࠪࡦᛛⴚ㧔CP ᛛⴚ㧕ࠍಽᨆኻ⽎ߣߒߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ㇺᏒߏߣߩ EP ᛛⴚߩ࠺࡯࠲ߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬- 162 -

ㇺᏒᄢ᳇⾰䈫⚻ᷣᚑ㐳䈍䉋䈶␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ䈱࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧಽᨆ

ࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ඙ಽࠍ〯߹߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬㔚⹤㧘ߪ߇߈╬ߩㅢା⾌ࠍࡄ࡯࠰࠽࡞࡮ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧘ᣂ⡞㧘㔀⹹╬ߩᦠ☋࡮ઁߩශ೚‛⾌ࠍࡑࠬ࡮ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩઍ⴫ߣߒߡ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ๺ࠍ⍮⼂࡮ᖱႎൻߦଥ
ࠆᜰᮡߣߔࠆ‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘ᣂ⡞㧘㔀⹹߆ࠄߪၮᧄ⊛⢻ജߩᒻᚑߦଥࠆ⍮⼂࡮ᖱႎߛߌߢߥߊ㧘࿑ 7 ߩࠃ߁ߦᄢ
‫ޟ‬ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ⎇ⓥߪ૑᳃ㆇേߦᓇ
᳇ᳪᨴ㧘ⅣႺ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂࡮ᖱႎ߽ቯᦼ⊛ߦᓧࠄࠇࠆߎߣߣߥࠆ 12)‫ޕ‬㗀ࠍਈ߃㧘ࡑࠬࠦࡒႎ㆏߽ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ᡽╷ߩ⊒┵ߣߥߞߚ‫ޠ‬㧔ᄢ᳇ⅣႺቇળผᢱᢛℂ⎇ⓥᆔຬળ(2000)㧕ߣߐࠇ㧘
World Bank(1996)ߪ㧘ᣣᧄߩࡑࠬࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߪ૑᳃߳ߩⅣႺᖱႎឭଏߦᄢ߈ߊ⽸₂ߒߚߣ⹏ଔߒߡ޿ࠆ 13)‫ޕ‬ߎࠇࠃࠅ㧘CKߪ㧘ⅣႺᗧ⼂㧘ⅣႺ߳ߩ⽿છᗵߩ⒟ᐲࠍ᷹ࠆ߽ߩߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 㪎㩷 ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ䋬ⅣႺ໧㗴䈮ଥ䉎ᖱႎ䈱ផ⒖㩷
㪎㪇㩿ઙᢙ㪀䇸ⅣႺ໧㗴䇹㑐ㅪ࿑ᦠ㪍㪇㪌㪇䇸ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ䇹㑐ㅪ࿑ᦠ㪋㪇䇸ⅣႺ໧㗴䇹㑐ㅪ⸥੐㪊㪇䇸ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ䇹㑐ㅪ⸥੐

㪉㪇
㪈㪇

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㪈㪐㪎㪈

㪈㪐㪐㪇㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷䇭䇭㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪉㪇㪇㪇

㪈㪐㪏㪇

㩿ᐕ㪀

಴ᚲ㧦NDL-OPAC㧘ᦺᣣᣂ⡞ᚢᓟ⷗಴ߒ DB ࠃࠅ૞ᚑCR‫ޟ‬Ꮢߩ␠ળᢎ⢒⾌‫ߪޠ‬㧘౏᳃㙚⾌㧘࿑ᦠ㙚⾌㧘ᢥൻળ㙚⾌㧘␠ળᢎ⢒ᵴേ⾌ߥߤࠍ฽߻߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘౏⊛ߥଥࠅߦ߅޿ߡ㧘␠ળⷙ▸㧘ᘠ⠌࡮⠌ᘠߩ⛽ᜬߦነਈߔࠆ 14)‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᢎ⢒ߩᄖㇱᕈ㧘ߟ߹ࠅ୘ੱߦᢎ
⢒㔛ⷐߩ᳿ቯࠍᆔߨࠆߣ␠ળో૕ߦߣߞߡᦸ߹ߒ޿ᢎ⢒᳓Ḱ߇㆐ᚑߐࠇߥ޿น⢻ᕈ߇㜞޿ߚ߼㧔ዊႮ
(2002)㧕
㧘␠ળᢎ⢒ߪ୘ੱߩ⍮⼂࡮ᖱႎൻࠍ⵬ቢߒ㧘㓸࿅ߢߩᵴേࠍଦㅴߐߖࠆᯏ⢻ࠍ᦭ߔ‫ߦࠄࠇߎޕ‬㑐ߒߡ㧘⍮⼂ߪ․ቯߩᤨ㑆㧘႐ᚲ㧘ઁ⠪ߣߩ㑐ଥᕈߩਛߢഃ⊒㧘ୃᱜߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧔㊁ਛઁ(2003)㧕
㧘ߎߩ‫ޟ‬႐‫ߩޠ‬ഃㅧߦ␠ળᢎ⢒ߪ⽸₂ߔࠆ߽ߩߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘୘‫ߩੱޘ‬ኅᐸߢߩቇ⠌ߦၮߠߊⅣႺᗧ⼂ߪ㧘ઁ⠪ߣߩᗧ⷗੤឵߿ᖱႎ౒᦭ߦࠃࠅ㧘ⅣႺⴕേߦߟߥ߇ࠆ᳓Ḱߦ߹ߢ㜞߹ࠆ‫ࠅࠃࠇߎޕ‬㧘Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩ೑↪ߣ޿߁ᶖ⾌ⴕേߩᄌൻ㧔ⅣႺⴕേ㧕߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆߎߣߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᬀ↰(1996)ߪ㧘ⅣႺ⎕უߩේ
࿃ߩ 1 ߟߣߒߡ㧘ⅣႺ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⑼ቇ⊛⍮⷗߿ᖱႎਇ⿷ߣߘߩ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈࠍ޽ߍ㧘⑼ቇ⊛⍮⷗ࠍჇ߿ߒᖱ
ႎࠍ౒᦭ൻߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘୘ੱ߿ડᬺ߇ⅣႺ໧㗴ߦኻߔࠆ⹺⼂ࠍ㜞߼ࠆߎߣߩᔅⷐᕈࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘12)‫ޟ‬ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ‫ޠ‬㑐ㅪ࿑ᦠ㧘‫ޟ‬ⅣႺ໧㗴‫ޠ‬㑐ㅪ࿑ᦠ㧦NDL-OPAC㧔࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚⬿ᦠᬌ⚝ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧕ߢߩ㧘‫ޟ‬ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬ⅣႺ໧㗴‫࠻ࠗ࠲ࠍޠ‬࡞ߦ฽߻๺࿑ᦠߩ಴ ᐕߏߣߩᬌ⚝⚿ᨐઙᢙߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ‫ޠ‬㑐ㅪ⸥੐㧘‫ޟ‬ⅣႺ໧㗴‫ޠ‬㑐ㅪ⸥੐㧦ᦺᣣᣂ⡞ᚢᓟ⷗಴ߒ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬ(1945́
1999)ߩᦺೀ࡮ᄕೀ࡮ᧄ⚕࡮᧲੩ ߢߩ㧘‫ޟ‬ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬ⅣႺ໧㗴‫⷗ࠍޠ‬಴ߒߦ฽߻ᣂ⡞⸥੐ߩᥲᐕߏߣߩᬌ⚝⚿ᨐઙᢙߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬13)
ᯅᧄ(2001)ߪ㧘‫ޟ‬࿷㊁ߩᮭജߣߒߡߩႎ㆏ᯏ㑐߇ᮭജ߆ࠄ⁛┙ߒߚᵴേߦࠃߞߡ਎⺰ࠍ⢒ߡ㧘ᮭജࠍᛕ್ߔࠆߣ޿߁વ⛔߇㧘ታߪⅣႺⴕ᡽ߩ⊒ዷࠍ⚿ᨐߣߒߡ߽ߚࠄߒߚ‫ߚ߹ޕࠆ޿ߡߒߣޠ‬㧘⮮ୖ(1998)ߪർ਻ᎺᏒߩ౏ኂኻ╷ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘‫ߪࡒࠦࠬࡑޟ‬㧘౏ኂߩታᘒࠍᏒ᳃ߦ⍮ࠄߖᗧ⼂ࠍ໪⊒ߔࠆߩߦਛᔃ⊛ߥᓎഀࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕࠆ޿ߡߒߣޠ‬14)␠ળᢎ⢒ߦ㒢ࠄߕ㧘ⴕ᡽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩឭଏ㊂㧔੍▚㈩ಽ㧕ߪ㧘ⷙ▸⊛ߦߪ㧘Ꮢ᳃࠾࡯࠭ࠍల⿷ߐߖࠆ㊂ࠍㆊਇ⿷ߥߊឭଏߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߒޕ‬ߚ߇ߞߡ㧘ᣉ⸳ㆇ༡╬ߦଥࠆ੍▚ߪ㧘ฦᣉ⸳ߩ೑↪⁁ᴫ㧘߅ࠃ߮⻉㓸ળ߿ቇ⚖࡮⻠ᐳ㧘⻠⠌ળ߳ߩෳട╬ߩ೑↪ታ❣㧘߹ߚᏒ᳃ߩⷐᦸߦၮߠ
߈ቯ߹ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘␠ળᢎ⢒⾌ߪ㧘Ꮢ᳃ߩⅣႺ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂࡮ᖱႎߩ੤឵࡮౒᦭ߦଥࠆ‫ޟ‬႐‫ߩޠ‬ᵴᕈൻߩ⒟ᐲߦㄭૃߔࠆߣᝒ
߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬㧘⃻ታߦߪ㧘ⴕ᡽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩല₸ᕈ߿㧘Ꮢߩ⽷᡽੐ᖱߦࠃࠅᱡߺ߇↢ߓߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆ‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘␠ળᢎ⢒⾌ߩᡰ಴㗄⋡೎ౝ⸶㧔ో࿖࡮ᐔᚑ 16 ᐕᐲ㧕ߣߒߡߩ㧘ᶖ⾌⊛ᡰ಴㧘⾗ᧄ⊛ᡰ಴㧘ௌോఘㆶ⾌ߩഀวߪ㧘56.5%㧘17.2%㧘26.3%ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 163 -

ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ㩷 No.36㩷 䋨2007.9䋩␠ળᢎ⢒ߪ㧘⥄ὼⅣႺ଻⼔ߥߤߩ␠ળᢎ⢒࿅૕ߩᵴേᡰេ߽฽ߺ㧘ᓐࠄߩⅣႺ໧㗴ߦኻߔࠆ⋙ⷞ⠪㧔Watchdog㧕ߣߒߡߩᓎഀ߽ᡰ߃ࠆ 15)‫ޕ‬CP‫࡮ࠬࡃޟ‬㔚ゞߩㅢቇ߅ࠃ߮ㅢൕቯᦼߦଥࠆᡰ಴㗵‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߒߡߪ㧘⴫ 1 ߩ CP ߩ࠮࡞ߦ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘౏ኂ㒐ᱛදቯ߳ߩෳട㧘ⴕ᡽ߩᳪᨴ⋙ⷞ૕೙ߩ⵬ቢߥߤ߽୥⵬ߦ޽߇ࠆ‫ߛߚޕ‬㧘ߎࠇࠄߪ࠺࡯࠲೙⚂ߣߣ߽ߦ㧘࿕ቯឃ಴Ḯߦട߃ߡ㧘⥄േゞឃࠟࠬߩነਈ߇ᄢ߈޿ NO2 ߦኻߔࠆⅣႺⴕേࠍ฽߻߽ߩߣߪ⸒߃ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ㧘ߎࠇࠄߪᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߦኻߔࠆ৻ㅪߩ‫ޟ‬ᶖ⾌‫ⴕޕ޿ߥߪߢࠬ࠮ࡠࡊޠ‬᡽㧘ડᬺߢߩᜰᮡൻߦ߅޿ߡ߽
ฦࠕࠢ࠲࡯ࠍⅣႺࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩឭଏਥ૕ߣߒߡᝒ߃㧘࠺࡯࠲ㆬᛯߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘⥄േゞߩ೑↪⠪ߢ‫౏ޟ‬߽޽ࠆᏒ᳃ߩⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߪ㧘NO2 ߛߌߢߥߊ SO2 ࠍ฽߻ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴో⥸ߦኻߔࠆᗧ⼂ߩ㜞߹ࠅߣߒߡ㧘౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩⓍᭂ⊛ߥ೑↪‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ⅣႺⴕേߦ⚿߮ߟߊߣᝒ߃ࠆ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬㧘ᤓ੹ߩࡁ࡯࡮ࡑࠗࠞ࡯࡮࠺࡯
߿ࡄ࡯ࠢ࡮ࠕࡦ࠼࡮࡜ࠗ࠼ߩផㅴ⁁ᴫߪ㧘Ꮢ᳃ߩⅣႺᗧ⼂ߩ㜞߹ࠅߦࠃࠆⅣႺⴕേߣ޿߁㧘Ꮢ᳃ߩⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߦࠃࠅⷙቯߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᬀ↰(2005)ߪ㧘ੱ㑆ߩⅣႺߦኻߔࠆ⹺⼂߿⹏ଔߦߟ޿ߡ㧘‫ޟ‬ᣂߚߥ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⊛⍮⷗ߩ₪ᓧ߿ઁ⠪ߣߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߿⸛⼏ߩㆊ⒟ࠍㅢߓߡ㧘ⅣႺ⹺⼂߇ㅴൻߔࠆ‫ࠅ߅ߡߒߣޠ‬㧘ⅣႺ໧㗴ߦଥࠆ⍮⷗ߩ₪ᓧ㧘⹺⼂ߩᷓൻߦࠃࠅ㧘ⅣႺⴕേ߇ዉ߆ࠇࠆߣ޿߁ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ⺑᣿ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬
Stern(2000)ߪ㧘୘ੱߩⅣႺⴕേߣߘߩⷐ࿃ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥࠍᢛℂߒ㧘ⅣႺⴕേࠍ㧘‫ޟ‬1㧚ⅣႺᵴേ⚵❱߳ߩෳട㧔environmental activism㧕㧘‫ޟ‬2㧚ⅣႺࠗࡌࡦ࠻ෳട߿ⅣႺ᡽╷߳ߩ⾥ห㧔non activist behaviors in the publicsphere㧕‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬3㧚ૐⅣႺ⽶⩄ߩ⽷࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ⾼౉࡮ᶖ⾌㧔private-sphere environmentalism㧕‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬4㧚ડᬺ㧘࿅૕╬ߩ᭴ᚑຬߣߒߡߩⅣႺⴕേ╬㧔other㧕‫ ߦޠ‬4 ಽ㘃ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩⅣႺⴕേߩⷐ࿃ࠍ㧘‫ޟ‬a㧚㆏
ᓼ㧘ାᔨ㧘ଔ୯ⷰߥߤߩ⠨߃㧔attitudinal㧕‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬b㧚ᢎ㙃ߥߤߩၮᧄ⊛⢻ജ㧘ᔕ↪⊛ߥ⍮⼂࡮ᛛⴚ㧔personalcapabilities㧕‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬c㧚⚻ᷣᕈ㧘ᴺⷙ೙㧘␠ળⷙ▸ߥߤߩᄖ⊛ⷐ࿃㧔external /contextual forces㧕‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬d㧚ᘠ⠌࡮⠌ᘠ㧔habit and routine㧕‫ ߦޠ‬4 ಽ㘃ߒ㧘ⶄᢙߩⷐ࿃ߩ⋧੕૞↪ߦࠃࠅ㧘․ቯߩⅣႺⴕേ߇ዉ߆ࠇࠆߎߣࠍ⹺⼂ߔߴ߈ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬ಽᨆߢߪ㧘ⅣႺⴕേߪ‫ޟ‬3㧚ૐⅣႺ⽶⩄ߩ⽷࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ⾼౉࡮ᶖ⾌‫౒౏ߩߡߒߣޠ‬੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩⓍᭂ⊛ߥ೑↪㧔cp㧕ߣߥࠅ㧘ߘߩⷐ࿃ߪ㧘a㧘b ߦ޽ߚࠆ‫ޟ‬ⅣႺᗧ⼂㉯ᚑߥߤߦଥࠆ⍮⼂࡮ᖱႎ
ൻ㧔ck㧕
‫ޠ‬
㧘c㧘d ߦ޽ߚࠆ‫ޟ‬୘ੱߩᗧ⼂ࠍⅣႺⴕേߦଦߔ‫ޡ‬႐‫ߩޢ‬ഃㅧ㧔cr㧕‫ޕࠆߥߣޠ‬䋳䋮ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ㩷ᄢ᳇⾰㧔ENV㧕㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳㧔GRP㧕
㧘␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ㧔SCEM㧕ߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡ㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ࠍ৻࿃ߦᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ߇㧘ᄢ᳇⾰ᡷༀߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߣ޿߁࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧߦଥࠆ઒⺑㧘ߟ߹ࠅ㧘࿑ 6 ࠍ〯߹߃㧘᭴ㅧᣇ⒟ᑼࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ࿑ 8 ߩࠃ߁ߦ⸳ቯߒߚ‫ߪߢ࡞࠺ࡕޕ‬ฦࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩ⢻ജⷐ⚛R㧘Pߩ⺋Ꮕᄌᢙ㑆ߦ౒ಽᢔࠍ⸳ቯߒߚ 16)‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ⼂೎ᕈ⏕଻ߩߚ߼ 17)㧘ẜ࿷ᄌᢙ߆ࠄߩࡄࠬߢ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ࿑਄ߢᦨ߽
਄ߦ޽ࠆࡄࠬଥᢙ㧔K߳ߩࡄࠬ㧘SCEMψGcap㧘ENVψSO2㧕ࠍ 1 ߦ࿕ቯߔࠆ೙⚂ࠍ⺖ߔߎߣߢ⸃ࠍ᳞߼
ߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᮡᧄᄌേߩᓇ㗀ߣ್ᢿߒ㧔⁚㊁࡮ਃᶆ(2002)㧘⼾↰(2003)㧕
㧘3 ㇺᏒߩe10㧘ᮮᵿᏒߩe2㧘d1㧘d2㧘
15)߹ߚ㧘ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ㧘ㇺ㆏ᐭ⋵⍮੐ㇱዪ࡮Ꮢ↸᧛㐳ㇱዪ߅ࠃ߮␠ળᢎ⢒㑐ଥᣉ⸳߇ታᣉߒߚቇ⚖࡮⻠ᐳߪ㧘ᢎ㙃ߩะ਄㧘૕⢒࡮࡟ࠢ࡝ࠛ࡯ࠪ
࡚ࡦ㧘ኅᐸᢎ⢒࡮ኅᐸ↢ᵴ㧘⡯ᬺ⍮⼂࡮ᛛⴚߩะ਄㧘Ꮢ᳃ᗧ⼂࡮␠ળㅪᏪᗧ⼂㧔ⅣႺ໧㗴㑐ଥ㧘␠ળ⑔␩㑐ଥ㧕ߣ඙ಽߐࠇ㧘␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩᒻᚑ߽ផㅴߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬
16)Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥℂ↱߇ߥ޿႐วߦߪ㧘⺋Ꮕᄌᢙ㑆ߩ౒ಽᢔߪ 0 ߣ઒ቯߔࠆߩ߇᥉ㅢߛ߇㧘ẜ࿷ᄌᢙએᄖߩ౒ㅢᄌേⷐ࿃߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߣᗐቯߐࠇࠆ႐
วߦߪ㧘⺋Ꮕᄌᢙ㑆ߦ౒ಽᢔࠍ઒ቯߢ߈ࠆ㧔⼾↰(2003)㧕
‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘㊁ਛ࡮┻ౝ(1996)߇␜ߔ R㧘P ߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆᲧセ⊛ኈᤃߦવ㆐น⢻ߥ‫ޟ‬ᒻᑼ⍮‫ߪޠ‬㧘K ߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆ‫ޟ‬ᥧ㤩⍮‫ߩߣޠ‬Ყセߦ߅޿ߡ㧘⋧ኻ⊛ߥᵹേᕈߩ㜞ߐࠁ߃ߦ㧘ฦࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ߆ࠄⷙቯߐࠇࠆએᄖߩⷐ࿃
߆ࠄ߽ᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆ߽ߩ㧔ẜ࿷ᄌᢙએᄖߩ౒ㅢᄌേⷐ࿃߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ㧕ߣᗐቯߒ㧘౒ಽᢔࠍ⸳ቯߒߚ‫ޕ‬17)ࡕ࠺࡞߇⼂೎ߐࠇߥ޿⁁ᘒߣߪ㧘᳞߼ࠆ⥄↱Უᢙߣᣇ⒟ᑼߩᢙߩ㑐ଥߢ㧘ᗐቯߔࠆࡕ࠺࡞ߢߩ⸃߇৻ߟߦቯ߹ࠄߥ޿⁁ᘒߢ޽ࠆ‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬㧘ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⼂೎ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ࡄࠬଥᢙ߿ಽᢔࠍ࿕ቯߐߖࠆߥߤߩ೙⚂ࠍ⺖ߔᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ߦ⊛⥸৻ޕ‬㧘ẜ࿷ᄌᢙߩಽᢔࠍ 1㧘ẜ࿷ᄌᢙ߆ࠄ᷹ⷰᄌ
ᢙߩࡄࠬଥᢙߩ৻ߟࠍ 1 ߦ࿕ቯߔࠆ೙⚂ᣇᴺ߇↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬- 164 -

ㇺᏒᄢ᳇⾰䈫⚻ᷣᚑ㐳䈍䉋䈶␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ䈱࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧಽᨆ

ฬฎደᏒߩe2㧘e5㧘d1㧘d3㧘ᄢ㒋Ꮢߩd3 ߩಽᢔࠍ 0 ߣߒߚ 18)‫ޕ‬࿑ 㪏㩷 ᭴ㅧᣇ⒟ᑼ䊝䊂䊦㩷
e1

1

GK

e2

1

e3

1

GP

e4

1

FK

e5

1

e6

1

FP

e7

1

CK

e8

1

CR

e9

1

CP

1

GR

d1

d4

1

Gcap

1

1

SCEM

␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജⴕ᡽䊶ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ

d2

1

⚻ᷣᚑ㐳

Fcap

GRP

1

FR

ડᬺ䊶ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ

d3
1

1

d5

1

Ccap

ENV

Ꮢ᳃䊶ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ

ᄢ᳇⾰

1

SO2

1 e10

NO2

1 e11

ฦㇺᏒߩಽᨆ⚿ᨐߪ࿑ 9㨪11 ߣߥࠆ‫⺋ޕ‬Ꮕᄌᢙ㧔e~㧕㧘ᡬੂᄌᢙ㧔d~㧕ߪ⋭⇛ߒߚ‫ߩ࡞࠺ࡕޕ‬ㆡวᐲߪ㧘㧘P=0.162㧔>0.05㧕
㧘GFI=0.675㧘RMSEA=0.083㧔<0.1㧕‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᏒߪǿ2=56.483
ᮮᵿᏒߪǿ2=56.490㧔df47㧕
㧔df48㧕
㧘P=0.188㧔>0.05㧕
㧘GFI=0.675㧘RMSEA=0.078㧔<0.1㧕‫ޕ‬ᄢ㒋Ꮢߪǿ2=49.577㧔df45㧕
㧘P=0.296㧔>0.05㧕
㧘
GFI=0.715㧘RMSEA=0.059㧔<0.1㧕ߣߥࠅ㧘3 ㇺᏒߣ߽৻ቯߩㆡวᐲࠍ␜ߒߚ 19)‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘ߎߎߢߩǿ2 ᬌቯߪ㧘Ꮻή઒⺑ࠍ‫߇࡞࠺ࡕޟ‬ᱜߒ޿‫߼ߚߊ߅ߣޠ‬㧘P୯߇ 0.05 એ਄ߢ઒⺑߇᫈ළߐࠇߥ޿ߎߣߢ㧘5%ߩ᦭ᗧ᳓Ḱߢߩߎࠇࠄ 3 ߟߩࡕ࠺࡞ߩណᛯ߇ߥߐࠇࠆ 20)‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘GFI㧔goodness of fit index㧕߇⧯ᐓૐ޿߇㧘ߎࠇ‫ޕ‬ߪ㧘ᮡᧄࠨࠗ࠭߇ዊߐ޿ߎߣߦ᜚ࠆ 21)㧔⁚㊁(1998)㧕
␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ㧔SCEM㧕ߩ᭴ㅧ㧘ߟ߹ࠅ㧘SCEM ࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆฦࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ Gcap㧘Fcap㧘
Ccap㧘߅ࠃ߮ߘࠇࠄࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆ⢻ജⷐ⚛ K㧘R㧘P ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ᮡḰൻߐࠇߚࡄࠬଥᢙߪᄢ߈ߥᢙ୯ߣߥࠅ㧘ẜ࿷ᄌᢙߪ᷹ⷰᄌᢙߦࠃࠅㆡಾߦ᷹ቯߐࠇ㧘࿃ᨐߩⷙቯജߪ㜞޿ߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᮮᵿᏒߩ GcapψGP㧘ฬฎደᏒߩ GcapψGP㧘CcapψCP ࠍ㒰߈㧘ࡄࠬଥᢙߪోߡ⛔⸘⊛ߦ᦭ᗧߣߥߞߚ‫ࠅࠃࠇߎޕ‬㧘⴫ 1 ߩ⢻ജ⹏ଔࡈ࡟࡯ࡓߦၮߠ޿ߡㆬᛯߐࠇߚ᷹ⷰน⢻ߥ࠺࡯࠲߆ࠄ㧘ẜ࿷⊛ߥ⢻ജߩ᳓Ḱ߇ផቯߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬

18)⺋ᏅಽᢔߪᏱߦ㕖⽶ߣߥࠆ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬㧘࿃ሶ⽶⩄㧔ࡄࠬଥᢙ㧕߇㕖Ᏹߦᒝ޿᷹ⷰᄌᢙߩ႐ว㧘⺋Ꮕಽᢔ߇ዊߐߥ୯ߣߥࠅ⽶ߩ㗔ၞߦ⪭ߜࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩ㓙ߦߪ⺋Ꮕಽᢔࠍ 0 ߣߒߡផ⸘ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ㧔⼾↰ 2003㧕‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ࠨࡦࡊ࡞ᢙ߇ዋߥ޿ߎߣ߇ߎߩⷐ࿃ߩ৻ߟߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬19)⥄↱ᐲ df ߇ฦㇺᏒߢ⇣ߥࠆߩߪ㧘ฦࡕ࠺࡞ߢߩ⺋Ꮕᄌᢙ㧔e~㧕㧘ᡬੂᄌᢙ㧔d~㧕ߩಽᢔࠍ 0 ߣߔࠆ೙⚂ߩ㆑޿ߦ᜚ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ಽᢔࠍ⥄↱ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߣߺߥߔ߆ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘⁚㊁࡮ਃᶆ(2002)ߪ㧘‫↱⥄ߩ࡞࠺ࡕޟ‬ᐲࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦቯ⟵ߔߴ߈߆ߪ㧘⃻࿷ߩߣߎࠈᧂ⸃᳿ߩ㔍ߒ޿໧㗴‫ߡߒߣޠ‬
޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
20)
߹ߚ㧘RMSEA㧔Root Mean Square Error of Approximation㧕߽㧘৻⥸⊛ߦࠃߊ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆㆡวᐲᜰᮡߢ޽ࠆ‫ ࠄࠇߎޕ‬3 ߟߩࡕ࠺࡞ߣ߽ߦ RMSEA
ߪ 0.1 ᧂḩߣߥࠅ㧘৻ቯߩㆡวᐲࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
21)ᮡᧄᢙ߇ᄙ޿߶ߤ⸃ߪ቟ቯߔࠆ߇㧘ᔅⷐᦨૐ㒢ߩᮡᧄᢙߪࡕ࠺࡞ߦଐሽߒ㧘৻᭎ߦၮḰߪ␜ߖߥ޿㧔⼾↰(2003)㧕
‫(↰⼾ޕ‬1998)ߢߪ㧘․ቯ୘
ੱߩ․ቯߩ᭎ᔨߦኻߔࠆ⸃ߩផቯߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᮡᧄᢙ 30 ߢߩ቟ቯߥ⸃ߩផቯߩน⢻ᕈ߽␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 165 -

ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ㩷 No.36㩷 䋨2007.9䋩ߘߒߡ㧘␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ㧔SCEM㧕 ࿑ 㪐㩷 ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ䋨ᮮᵿᏒ䋩㩷ߣᄢ᳇⾰㧔ENV㧕ߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘
SCEMψENV ߪ3 ㇺᏒߣ߽ߦ⽶╓ภߢ⛔⸘

GK⊛ߦ᦭ᗧߣߥࠅ㧘␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ㧔߅GRࠃ߮ߘߩ⢻ജⷐ⚛㧕߇ะ਄ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ᄢ᳇⾰Ớᐲ߇ૐਅߔࠆߣ޿߁㑐ଥ߇␜ߖߚ‫ࠅࠃࠇߎޕ‬㧘3 ߟߩㇺᏒߪ㧘ห᭽ߩ 33

GP
FK
FR
FP

ߩ⢻ജⷐ⚛ࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆߎߣߢ㧘ᄢ᳇⾰ᡷ

CKༀࠍㅴ߼ߚߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߚ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬㧘ᄢ᳇

CRᳪᨴኻ╷ࠍㅴ߼ߚ⚿ᨐߣߒߡ㧘ᦨ⚳⊛ߦห

CP⚻ᷣᚑ㐳㧔GRP㧕ߣ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജGK

㧔SCEM㧕ߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘GRPψ

GR

ᗧߣߥࠅ㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߦ઻޿␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ߇ะ਄ߔࠆߣ޿߁㑐ଥ߇␜ߖߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ㧘

0.98
0.99 ***
0.87 ***

GP
FK
FR
FP

⚻ᷣᚑ㐳㧔GRP㧕ߣᄢ᳇⾰㧔ENV㧕ߩ࿃ᨐ

CK㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘GRPψENV ߪ㧘ᮮᵿᏒߢCR

ߪᱜ╓ภ㧘ฬฎደᏒߣᄢ㒋Ꮢߢߪ⽶╓ภߣ

CPGKߪ⸒߃ߥ޿‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘઒⺑ᬌ⸽ߣߒߡ

GR޿ࠆߩߢߪߥߊ㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ࠍ৻࿃ߦᒻᚑߐ

GP
FK
FR
FP

ࠇࠆ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ߇㧘ᄢ᳇⾰ᡷༀߦ

CKነਈߒߡ޿ࠆߣᝒ߃ࠆߩ߇ㆡಾߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬CRߥ߅㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߦࠃࠅ⥄േ⊛ߦ␠ળ⊛Ⅳ

SCEM
0.99 ***

1.00 **-1.00 ***

Fcap

0.97
0.96 ***
0.89 ***

Ccap

GRP
0.01

ENV

1.00
0.80 ***SO2
NO2

Ȥ2= 56.490䋨df47䋩, P=0.162, GFI=0.675, RMSEA=0.083



0.63
1.00 ***
0.47
0.95
1.00 ***
0.66 **

Gcap

1.00

SCEM
0.98 ***

0.98 **-0.77 **

Fcap

-0.22

1.00 ***
0.93
0.93 ***
0.46

Ccap

GRP

ENV

1.00
0.92 ***

SO2
NO2

2

Ȥ = 56.483䋨df48䋩, P=0.188, GFI=0.675, RMSEA=0.078

 ࿑ 㪈㪈㩷 ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ䋨ᄢ㒋Ꮢ䋩㩷ߢߪߥߊ㧘ߎࠇࠄߦ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ߇ᚑࠅ┙ߟߣ㐳ߘࠇ⥄૕߇⋥ធᄢ᳇⾰ᡷༀߦነਈߒߡ

1.00

1.00 ***

ߥߞߚ߇㧘ࡄࠬଥᢙߪዊߐߊ⛔⸘⊛ߦ᦭ᗧߩߎࠇࠄ 3 ⠪㑆ߩ࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧߣߒߡ㧘⚻ᷣᚑGcap ࿑ 㪈㪇㩷 ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ䋨ฬฎደᏒ䋩㩷᭽ߩ⢻ജ᭴ㅧ߇᭴▽ߐࠇߚߣ⸃㉼ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬

SCEM ߪ 3 ㇺᏒߣ߽ߦᱜ╓ภߢ⛔⸘⊛ߦ᦭

0.83
1.00 ***
0.40

CP

0.86
0.96 ***
0.94 ***
0.99
0.99 ***
0.98 ***

Gcap

0.94

SCEM
0.98 ***

0.98 **-0.97 *

Fcap

-0.03

1.00 ***
0.97
0.62 ***
0.73 ***

Ccap

GRP

ENV

1.00
0.58 **

SO2
NO2

2

Ȥ = 49.577䋨df45䋩, P=0.296, GFI=0.715, RMSEA=0.059

Ⴚ▤ℂ⢻ജ߇ᒻᚑߐࠇࠆߣᝒ߃ࠆߩߪㆡ

ᵈ㧦*** 1%᦭ᗧ㧘**5%᦭ᗧ㧘*10%᦭ᗧಾߢߪߥ޿‫ ⴫ޕ‬1 ߩࠕࠢ࠲࡯࡮ࡈࠔࠢ࠲࡯࡮

࿑ 8 ߢ 1 ߦ࿕ቯߒߚࡄࠬଥᢙߩ᦭ᗧᕈߩᬌቯߪߐࠇߥ޿

ࡑ࠻࡝ࠢࠬߦ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬R㧦ⅣႺኻ╷⾗Ḯߩㆇ↪⢻ജ‫ߪޠ‬㧘⾗㊄࡮੍▚㧘ੱຬ࡮⚵❱㧘ᣉ⸳࡮⸳஻╬ߣ޿߁⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߣߣ߽ߦ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߐࠇᒻᚑߐࠇࠆᕈ
⾰߽᦭ߔࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘‫ޟ‬K㧦⍮⼂࡮ᖱႎ࡮ᛛⴚߩឭଏ⢻ജ‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬P㧦᡽╷࡮ኻ╷ߩㆀⴕ⢻ജ‫ߪޠ‬㧘⸘↹⊛㧘ᗧ࿑⊛ߦᒻᚑߒߡ޿ߊߴ߈ᕈ⾰ߩ⢻ജⷐ⚛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߩᓇ㗀ࠍ〯߹߃ߡ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩ 33 ߩ⢻ജⷐ⚛ߩ᳓Ḱࠍ⹏ଔߒߚ਄ߢ㧘ᔅⷐߥ⢻ജⷐ⚛ߩᒻᚑࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ߊࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇ
ࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘‫⚻ޟ‬ᷣᚑ㐳ߪߘߩઁߩ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߩᚻᲑߢߒ߆ߥ޿‫ޠ‬
㧔Sen㧔1983㧕㧕ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘
‫ੱ৻ޟ‬ᒰߚࠅ
ᚲᓧࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆߎߣߢ⋡⊛ࠍ㆐ᚑߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊ㧘౏౒᡽╷ߣ␠ળᄌൻߦࠃࠅ㧘⋥ធߎߩ⋡⊛ߩ㆐ᚑߦะ߆߁ߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޠ‬
㧔Sen㧔1983㧕㧕ߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘ᄢ᳇⾰ᡷༀߦߪ㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߢߪߥߊ㧘⋥ធ㧘␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩᯏ⢻࡟ࡌ࡞ࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ࠅࠃࠇߎޕ‬㧘ᄢ᳇⾰㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳㧘- 166 -

ㇺᏒᄢ᳇⾰䈫⚻ᷣᚑ㐳䈍䉋䈶␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ䈱࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧಽᨆ

␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩ㑐ଥߦ߅ߌࠆ㧘␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩᄢ᳇⾰߳ߩ⽸₂ߩታ⸽⚿ᨐࠍ〯߹߃ࠆߣ㧘⚻
ᷣߣⅣႺߩੑర⺰ߢߪߥߊ㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߩઍࠊࠅߩ⋡ᮡߣߒߡ㧘᡽╷⊛ߦᠲ૞น⢻ߥ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩᒻᚑࠍ㧘ⅣႺ᡽╷߿࿖㓙ⅣႺදജߩല₸⊛࡮ലᨐ⊛ታᣉߩ᡽╷⋡ᮡߣߔࠆߎߣߩᅷᒰᕈ߇␜ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬䋴䋮⚿⺰㩷ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ㧘ᮮᵿᏒ㧘ฬฎደᏒ㧘ᄢ㒋Ꮢߩ 1971㨪2000 ᐕߦ߅ߌࠆᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷ࠍኻ⽎ߦ㧘ᄢ᳇⾰㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳㧘␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩ㑐ଥᕈߦߟ޿ߡ㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ࠍ৻࿃ߦᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ߇㧘ᄢ᳇⾰ᡷༀߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߣ޿߁࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧߦଥࠆ઒⺑ࠍ㧘᭴ㅧᣇ⒟ᑼࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃࠅᬌ⸽ߒߚ‫ࠅࠃࠇߎޕ‬㧘એਅߩ 4 ὐࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬
㧔1㧕 ઒⺑ᬌ⸽ߩ೨ឭߢ޽ࠆ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩ᭴ㅧߣߒߡ㧘3 ߟߩᄢㇺᏒߪ㧘ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷ࠍㅴ߼ߚ⚿ᨐߣߒߡ㧘ᦨ⚳⊛ߦ 33 ߩ⢻ജⷐ⚛ߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆห᭽ߩ⢻ജ᭴ㅧ߇᭴▽ߐࠇߚߎߣࠍ㧘᭴ㅧᣇ⒟ᑼࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃࠅ⏕⹺ߒߚ‫ࠅࠃࠇߎޕ‬㧘ᣣᧄߩᄢㇺᏒߩ⚻㛎ߣߒߡߩ㧘ᄢ᳇⾰ᡷༀߦ⽸₂ߔࠆẜ࿷⊛ߥ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩ᳓Ḱߪ㧘⴫ 1 ߩ⢻ജ⹏ଔࡈ࡟࡯ࡓࠍ↪޿ߚ᷹ⷰน⢻ߥ࠺࡯࠲߆ࠄផቯ
ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ‫ߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬㧘Ꮏᬺൻ㧘ࡕ࡯࠲࡝࠯࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߇ㅴዷߒߚㅜ਄࿖╬ߩᄢㇺᏒߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᄢ᳇⾰ᡷༀߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩផቯߦ㧘⴫ 1 ߩㆡ↪࡮ᔕ↪น⢻ᕈ߇␜ໂߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔2㧕 3 ㇺᏒߘࠇߙࠇߩ᭴ㅧᣇ⒟ᑼࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃࠆಽᨆߢ㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳߆ࠄ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߦߪᱜߩ࿃ᨐ
㑐ଥ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇ㧘߹ߚ㧘␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ߆ࠄᄢ᳇⾰Ớᐲߦߪ⽶ߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ߇⛔⸘⊛ߦ⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ‫ࠅࠃࠇߎޕ‬㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ࠍ৻࿃ߦᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ߇㧘ᄢ᳇⾰Ớᐲߩૐਅߦነਈ
ߔࠆߣ޿߁࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
㧔3㧕 ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳߆ࠄᄢ᳇⾰Ớᐲߩ⋥ធߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߪ⛔⸘⊛ߦ᦭ᗧߣߪߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚ‫ࠅࠃࠇߎޕ‬㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߪ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ৻࿃ߣߒߡ௛߈㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߘࠇ⥄૕߇⋥ធᄢ᳇⾰ᡷༀߦነਈ
ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿ߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧔4㧕 ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߦࠃࠅ⥄േ⊛ߦ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ߇ᒻᚑߐࠇࠆߩߢߪߥߊ㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߩᓇ㗀ࠍ〯߹߃ߡ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩ 33 ߩ⢻ജⷐ⚛ߩ᳓Ḱࠍ⹏ଔߒߚ਄ߢ㧘ᔅⷐߥ⢻ജⷐ⚛ߩᒻᚑࠍㅴ߼ߡ
޿ߊࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬᡽╷⊛ߦᠲ૞น⢻ߥ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩᒻᚑࠍ㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߩઍࠊࠅߩ⋡ᮡߣߒߡ㧘ⅣႺ᡽╷߿࿖㓙ⅣႺදജߩല₸⊛࡮ലᨐ⊛ታᣉߩ᡽╷⋡ᮡߣߔࠆߎߣߩᅷᒰᕈ࡮
᦭↪ᕈ߇␜ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬એ਄㧘⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ࠍ৻࿃ߦᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ߇㧘ᄢ᳇⾰ᡷༀߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߣ޿߁઒⺑ࠍታ⸽ߒ㧘␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩᒻᚑߦଥࠆ᡽╷⊛฽ᗧࠍ␜ߒߚ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߪ㧘ᣂߚߥⅣႺ໧㗴ߦଥࠆኻ╷߿࿖㓙ⅣႺද
ജߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩᒻᚑߦะߌ㧘ᣣᧄߩᄢㇺᏒߩ⚻㛎ߣߒߡߩᄢ᳇⾰ᡷༀߦଥࠆ⢻ജ⹏ଔࡈ࡟࡯ࡓࠍᔕ↪࡮ടᎿߒ㧘ㅜ਄࿖ߢߩታ㓙ߩㆡ↪ࠍㅢߓߡ㧘⢻ജ⹏ଔ࠷࡯࡞ߩ⏕┙߅ࠃ߮⹏ଔߩታ〣ࠍㅴ߼ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 167 -

ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ㩷 No.36㩷 䋨2007.9䋩

䋼ෳ⠨ᢥ₂䋾㩷
ᬀ↰๺ᒄ(1996)‫ޡ‬ⅣႺ⚻ᷣቇ‫ޢ‬ጤᵄᦠᐫᬀ↰๺ᒄ(2005)‫ޟ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ⊒ዷߣⅣႺ೙ᓮࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ‫ޠ‬㧘ᳰ਄ᖳ࡮ੑችෘ⟤✬‫ੱޡ‬㑆⊒㆐ߣ౏౒ᕈߩ⚻ᷣቇ‫ޢ‬᪉੗ᦠᐫ㧘185-200ዊႮ㓉჻(2002)‫ޡ‬ᢎ⢒ߩ⚻ᷣಽᨆ‫ޢ‬ᣣᧄ⹏⺰␠ൎේஜ(2001)‫ߩࠕࠫࠕ᧲ޡ‬㐿⊒ߣⅣႺ໧㗴‫ޢ‬ഹ⨲ᦠᚱ
⁚㊁⵨(1998)‫࠻ࡦ࡟࠲ޟ‬ᅢᗵᐲ࠺࡯࠲ߩಽᨆ‫ޠ‬㧘⼾↰⑲᮸✬‫౒ޡ‬ಽᢔ᭴ㅧಽᨆ ੐଀✬‫ޢ‬ർᄢ〝ᦠᚱ㧘9-21⁚㊁⵨࡮ਃᶆ㤗ሶ(2002)‫ޡ‬AMOS, EQS, CALIS ߦࠃࠆࠣ࡜ࡈࠖࠞ࡞ᄙᄌ㊂⸃ᨆ‫⃻ޢ‬ઍᢙቇ␠ⅣႺ⋭(2002)‫ࡦࠪࠠࠝࠗ࠳ޡ‬㘃ߦࠃࠆੱߩ᥸㔺ታᘒ⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޢ‬ⅣႺ⋭⚬㊁⊓࡮㊁ਛ㇚ᰴ㇢(1995)‫ޡ‬⍮ജ⚻༡‫ޢ‬ᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᣂ⡞␠ᧃᑝᤘ(2000)‫ဳࡊ࠶ࠕ࠴࠶ࡖࠠޡ‬Ꮏᬺㅴൻ⺰‫ޢ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ಴ ળ✚ോᐡⴕ᡽⋙ኤዪ(1996)‫⦟ޡ‬ᅢߥᄢ᳇ⅣႺࠍ⛽ᜬ࡮଻ోߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޢ‬ᄢ⬿⋭ශ೚ዪ
ᄢ᳇ⅣႺቇળผᢱᢛℂ⎇ⓥᆔຬળ(2000)‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߩᱧผΥ‫ޢ‬LATTICE⼾↰⑲᮸(1998)‫౒ޡ‬ಽᢔ᭴ㅧಽᨆ ౉㐷✬‫ᦠୖᦺޢ‬ᐫ⼾↰⑲᮸(2003)‫౒ޡ‬ಽᢔ᭴ㅧಽᨆ ⇼໧✬‫ᦠୖᦺޢ‬ᐫᯅᧄ㆏ᄦ(2001)‫ⴕޟ‬᡽߆ࠄߺߚⅣႺႎ㆏‫ޠ‬㧘࿾⃿ⅣႺᚢ⇛⎇ⓥᯏ㑐‫ޡ‬ⅣႺࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ⺰‫ޢ‬ਛᄩᴺⷙ㧘288-308
ේ᎑ᵗᐔ࡮᫪↰ᕡᐘ(1995)‫⻉ࠕࠫࠕ᧲ޟ‬࿖ߩⅣႺ᡽╷ߩ⊒ዷㆊ⒟ߩᲧセಽᨆ‫ޠ‬‫ⴕ↹⸘ޡ‬᡽‫ޢ‬18(3)㧘73-85
᳖⷗ᐽੑ(1988)‫ޟ‬࿾ᣇ౏ኂ⹜㛎⎇ⓥᯏ㑐ߩ⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴‫ޠ‬‫ోޡ‬࿖౏ኂ⎇ળ⹹‫ޢ‬13(3)㧘109-120
ᑝ᧻Პ(1986)‫ޟ‬ᖱႎൻᜰᮡߩ⹜ߺߣ‫ޟ‬ᖱႎᵹㅢ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ‫ޠ‬‫ޠ‬㧘ᨋ๟ੑ࡮ਛ᧛㓉⧷✬‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄ⚻ᷣߣ⚻ᷣ⛔⸘‫ޢ‬᧲੩ᄢቇ಴ 㧘97-115⮮ୖ⦟(1998)‫౏ޟ‬ኂኻ╷ߩ␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ⷐ࿃‫ޠ‬㧘ർ਻ᎺᏒ‫ޡ‬ർ਻ᎺᏒ౏ኂኻ╷ผ ⸃ᨆ✬‫ޢ‬ർ਻ᎺᏒ㧘185-247⮮ୖ⦟(2002)‫ޟ‬ᣣᧄߩ࿾ᣇ౏౒࿅૕ߩ⎫㤛㉄ൻ‛ኻ╷‫ޠ‬㧘ኹየᔘ⢻࡮ᄢႦஜม✬‫ޡ‬‫ޟ‬㐿⊒ߣⅣႺ‫ߩޠ‬᡽╷ㆊ⒟ߣ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠭ࡓ‫⚻ࠕࠫࠕޢ‬ᷣ⎇ⓥᚲ㧘37-78
ᧄ↰⋥ሶ࡮᧻ጟବੑ࡮↰ਛൎ਽(2004)‫ޟ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ໧㗴ߦ߅ߌࠆ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩᒻᚑߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧಽᨆ‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬HICEC Discussion Paper Vol. 2004-7‫ޢ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ⚻㛎ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ✬(1997)‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ⚻㛎‫࠭ࡓࠗ࠲ࡦࡄࡖࠫޢ‬㊁ਛ㇚ᰴ㇢࡮┻ౝᒄ㜞(1996)‫ޡ‬⍮⼂ഃㅧડᬺ‫᧲ޢ‬ᵗ⚻ᷣᣂႎ␠㊁ਛ㇚ᰴ㇢࡮ᴰ↰⵨ᒾ࡮᳗↰ᤩ਽(2003)‫ޡ‬⍮⼂࿖ኅ⺰ᐨ⺑‫᧲ޢ‬ᵗ⚻ᷣᣂႎ␠᧻ጟବੑ࡮᧎ᧁᤘᢥ✬(2003)‫␠ࠆߌ߅ߦࠕࠫࠕޡ‬ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩᒻᚑ‫⚻ࠕࠫࠕޢ‬ᷣ⎇ⓥᚲ
᧻ጟବੑ࡮ጟ↰⚓ᦝ࡮ᧁᚭ⻞੺࡮ᧄ↰⋥ሶ(2004)‫␠ޟ‬ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩᒻᚑߣ೙ᐲᄌൻ‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬࿖㓙㐿⊒⎇ⓥ‫ޢ‬
13(2)㧘31-50
᧻ਅ๺ᄦ(2002)‫ޡ‬ⅣႺࠟࡃ࠽ࡦࠬ‫ޢ‬ጤᵄᦠᐫ
ධ੫ㅴ(1992)‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄߩ⚻ᷣ⊒ዷ㧔╙ 2

㧕‫᧲ޢ‬ᵗ⚻ᷣᣂႎ␠

ችᧄᙗ৻(1989)‫ޡ‬ⅣႺ⚻ᷣቇ‫ޢ‬ጤᵄᦠᐫ᧛਄৻⌀࡮᧻ጟବੑ(2006a)‫␠ޟ‬ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩ⹏ଔᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㧦ㇺᏒᄢ᳇ᳪᨴኻ╷ࠍ੐଀ߣߒ
ߡ‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄ⹏ଔ⎇ⓥ‫ޢ‬6(2)㧘43-58᧛਄৻⌀࡮᧻ጟବੑ(2006b)‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒᄢ᳇⾰ߣ␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߩಽᨆ‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ⅣႺᖱႎ⑼ቇ⺰ᢥ㓸‫ޢ‬
20㧘309-314- 168 -

ㇺᏒᄢ᳇⾰䈫⚻ᷣᚑ㐳䈍䉋䈶␠ળ⊛ⅣႺ▤ℂ⢻ജ䈱࿃ᨐ᭴ㅧಽᨆ

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