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Shiro AKABORI
Toshizo ISEMURA
Tomoji SUZUKI
Kouzo NARITA
Masao KAKUDO
Yoshiharu IZUMIRyo SATO
Takekazu HORIO
Yukiteru KATSUBE
Hachiro NAKAGAWA
Fumio SAKIYAMA
Yoshimasa KYOGOKU
Yasutsugu SHIMONISHI
Katsuya NAGAI
Hideo AKUTSU
Tomitake TSUKIHARA
Saburo AIMOTO
Toshiharu HASE
Haruki NAKAMURA

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Professors Emeriti ________________________________________________________


Hachiro NAKAGAWA, M. D., D. Med.
Toshio TAKAGI, D. Sci.
Yasutsugu SHIMONISHI, D. Sci.
Hideo AKUTSU, D. Sci.
Saburo AIMOTO, D. Sci.
Shoji TAJIMA, D. Sci.
Kazuaki YOSHIKAWA, M. D., D. Med.

Akira ASANO, D. Sci.
Fumio SAKIYAMA, D. Sci.
Katsuya NAGAI, M. D., D. Med.
Tomitake TSUKIHARA, D. Sci.
Kiyotoshi SEKIGUCHI, D. Sci.
Toshiharu HASE, D. Sci.

㻌㻌

Administrative Council _____________________________________________________

 $VRI$SULO
2XWVLGHRI2VDND8QLYHUVLW\Professor Fuyuki ISHIKAWA
Professor Tohru KATAOKA
Professor Kiyoshi KITA

Professor Kiyoko FUKAMI
Professor Osamu NUREKI
Professor Keiichi NAKAYAMA
Professor Yoshinori WATANABE
Researcher Eiichiro SUZUKI,QVLGHRI2VDND8QLYHUVLW\Professor Takeharu NAGAI
Professor Akira KIKUCHI
Professor㻌 Koichi㻌 FUKASE
Professor Masato OKADA
Kazuya KIKUCHI
Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University
Nagasaki University School of Tropical Medicine and Global
HealthFoundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation
School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life
Sciences
Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyushu University
The Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The Universityof Tokyo
The Japan Biological Informatics Consortium (JBIC)
The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research
Graduate School of Medicine
Graduate School of ScienceResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases
Graduate School of EngineeringOrganization

6

Staﬀ List
Director

Professor Haruki NAKAMURA, D. Sci.

Vice Directors

Professor
Professor

Yuji GOTO, D. Sci.
Akira SHINOHARA, D. Sci.

Director of the Research Center Professor

Atsushi NAKAGAWA, D. Sci.

Division of Protein Chemistry
Laboratory of Protein Organic Chemistry
Professor
Associate Professor
Lecturer
Assistant Professor
Assistant Professor
Laboratory of Cell Systems
Professor

Hironobu HOJO, D. Sci.
Toru KAWAKAMI, Ph. D.
Takeshi SATO, Ph. D.
Yuya, ASAHINA, Ph. D.
Masashi YAMADA, Ph.D.
Mariko OKADA, Ph. D.

Laboratory of Nanobiology
Professor

Yoshie HARADA, Dr. Eng.

Laboratory of Organelle Biology
Associate Professor

Masato NAKAI, D. Sci.

Laboratory of Epigenetics
Associate Professor

Isao SUETAKE, Ph.D

Division of Protein Structural Biology
Laboratory of Protein Folding
Professor
Lecturer

Yuji GOTO, D. Sci.
Young-Ho LEE, Ph. D.
Masatomo SO, Ph. D.

Assistant Professor

Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics
Professor
Visiting Professor
Assistant Professor
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor

Toshimichi FUJIWARA, D. Sci.
Chojiro KOJIMA, Ph. D.
Yoh MATSUKI, Ph. D.
Toshihiko SUGIKI, Ph. D
Ayako EGAWA, Ph.D.
Kenichi HARADA, Ph.D.
Jun FUKAZAWA, Ph.D.
Kyoko FURUITA, Ph.D.

Laboratory of Protein Crystallography
Professor
Associate Professor

Genji KURISU, Ph. D.
Hideaki TANAKA, Ph. D.

Laboratory of Membrane Protein Chemistry
Independent Associate Professor

Joji MIMA, Ph. D.

Staff List

7

Division of Integrated Protein Functions
Laboratory of Genome and Chromosome Functions
Professor
Akira SHINOHARA, D. Sci.
Associate Professor
Miki SHINOHARA, Ph. D.
Assistant Professor
Kenichiro MATSUZAKI, Ph. D.
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor
CHALLA KIRAN, Ph. D.
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor
Masahiro TERASAWA, Ph. D.
Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology
Professor
Takahisa FURUKAWA, M.D., D. Med.
Associate Professor
Yoshihiro OMORI, Ph. D.
Assistant Professor
Taro CYAYA, Ph. D.
Laboratory of Nuclear Network
Independent Associate Professor

Junko KANOH, Ph. D.

Laboratory of Homeostatic Integration
Associate Professor

Nobuaki OKUMURA, Ph. D.

Division of Multiscale Integrative Protein Science
Laboratory of Multiscale Structural Biology
Professor
Associate Professor
Associate Professor
Specially Appointed Associate Professor
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor
Laboratory of Visiting Scientists
Visiting Professor
Visiting Professor
Visiting Professor
Visiting Associate Professor

Junichi TAKAGI, D. Sci.
Kenji IWASAKI, Ph. D.
Takeshi KAWABATA, Ph.D.
Damien R. HALL, Ph.D.
Hirofumi SUZUKI, Ph.D.
Naoyuki MIYAZAKI, Ph. D.
Tomitake TSUKIHARA, D. Sci.
Toshio YAMAZAKI, D. Sci.
Akira NAITO, Ph.D

Kazumasa SAKURAI, Ph. D.

Research Center for State-of-the-art Functional Protein Analysis
Laboratory of Protein Profiling and Functional Proteomics
Professor
Toshifumi TAKAO, D. Sci.
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor
Masafumi FUKUDA, Ph. D.
Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression
Professor
Junichi TAKAGI, D. Sci.
Associate Professor
Kenji IWASAKI, Ph. D.
Assistant Professor
Yu KITAGO, Ph. D.
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor
Yukiko MATSUNAGA, Ph. D.
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor
Masataka UMITSU, Ph.D.
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor
Naoyuki MIYAZAKI, Ph. D.
Laboratory of Supramolecular Crystallography
Professor
Atsushi NAKAGAWA, D. Sci.
Associate Professor
Mamoru SUZUKI, Ph. D.
Assistant Professor
Mayumi AMANO, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Eiki YAMASHITA, Ph. D.
Assistant Professor
Akifumi HIGASHIURA, Ph. D.
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor
Hirotaka NARITA, Ph. D.
Visiting Academic Staﬀ
Kohei TAKESHITA, Ph. D.
Laboratory of Protein Informatics
Professor
Visiting Professor
Associate Professor
Guest Associate Professor
Assistant Professor

Haruki NAKAMURA, D. Sci.
Junichi HIGO, D. Sci.
Akira KINJO, Ph. D.
Ikuo FUKUDA, Ph.D
Yuko TSUCHIYA, Ph. D.

Staff List

8

Laboratory of Advanced Protein Characterization
Professor
Atsushi NAKAGAWA, D. Sci.
Professor
Junichi TAKAGI, D. Sci.
Professor
Toshifumi TAKAO, D. Sci.
Visiting Associate Professor
Nobuyasu MAKI, Ph. D.
LecturerTakeshi SATO, Ph. D.
Assistant Professor
Eiki YAMASHITA, Ph. D.
Assistant Professor
Naotoshi MIMURA, D. Sci.
Assistant Professor
Akifumi HIGASHIURA, Ph. D.
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor
Toshihiko SUGIKI, Ph.D.
Laboratory of Protein Databases
Professor
Professor
Associate Professor
Specially Appointed Associate Professor
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor

Haruki NAKAMURA, D. Sci.
Toshimichi FUJIWARA, D. Sci.
Akira KINJO, Ph. D.
Naohiro KOBAYASHI, Ph. D.
Hirofumi SUZUKI, Ph.D.

Open Space Laboratory for Advanced Protein Science
Guest Professor
Hitoshi SAKASHITA, D. Sci.

Division of Donated Fund ResearchLaboratory of Matrixome Research and Application
Professor of Donated Fund Research
Kiyotoshi SEKIGUCHI, D. Sci.
Assistant Professor
Masashi YAMADA, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Donated Fund Research Kazumasa FUJITA, Ph. D.
Laboratory of JEOL Multiscale Structural Biology
Professor
Haruki NAKAMURA, D. Sci.
Associate Professor of Donated Fund Research Takeshi KAWABATA, Ph. D.
Visiting Academic Staﬀ
Naoki HOSOKI, Ph. D.
Visiting Academic Staﬀ
Koji YAZAWA, Ph. D.

Technology Division
Technical Staﬀ
Technical Staﬀ
Technical Staﬀ
Technical Staﬀ
Technical Staﬀ
Technical Staﬀ

Keiko KAWAKAMI
Takashi KOSADA, M. Sci.
Naoko NORIOKA, Ph. D.
Naoyuki ABE, M. Sci.
Toshinori TSUJII
Reiko YAMASHITA

Administration Oﬃce
Head

Kouji OGURA

General Aﬀairs Section
Chief
Deputy Chief
Clerk

Shinichi MATSUNAGA
Yoko TANAKA
Noriko YOSHIMURA

Accounting Section
Chief
Deputy Chief
Deputy Chief
Clerk
Clerk

Takashi SHIRAI
Sadahiro KURIBAYASHI
Masanori Ichihara
Yukiyasu SUGAWARA
Masako SATO

Research Support Section
Chief
Deputy Chief
Clerk

Hiroharu MICHIKI
Naoko ARAKI
Kazuaki NAGAMI

Public Relations Oﬃce
Clerk

Nahoko HARUKI
Staff List9

Number of Members                  $VRI$SULO

Staff & Students /Closing Accounts /Education & Research Activities

Staff

Researcher  Student   Professor

Associate Professor

LecturerAssistant Professor
Professor of Donated Fund DivisionAssistant Professor of Donated Fund ResearchSpecially Appointed Professor
Specially Appointed Associate Professor
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor

Guest Professor

Guest Associate Professor

Visiting Professor
Visiting Associate Professor

Visiting Academic Staff
Technical AssistantSpecially Appointed Technical AssistantAdministrative Staff
Technical SupporterAdministrative Assistant

Total



Post Doctoral Fellow
Foreign Post Doctoral Fellow  
Visiting Researcher
Joint Research Collaborator
㸦5HJXODU %HDPOLQH 105㸧International Joint Research CollaboratorDistinguished Researcher

Total


Undergraduate Student

Graduate Student(doctor course)   Graduate Student(master course)
Research Student


Closing Accounts

The Year 2015
Nongovernmental
Grants-in-Aid
Research Funds from 39,830
Donations
Cooperation with Industries
 for Research
9,190
 6,800

Governmental
Research Funds
1,102,741

Personnel
 Expenditures
760,717Total

2,533,422
(×1,000 yen)Supplies and Facility
Costs
369,233
 forGrants-in-Aid
Scientific Research244,912Staff & Students /Closing Accounts

10

OperatingExpenses
1,129,949


Periodical Publications Annual Report of the Institute for Protein Research (Annual) 

Education Activities
0HPEHUV RI WKLV ,QVWLWXWH SDUWLFLSDWH LQ JUDGXDWH FRXUVH HGXFDWLRQ LQ FRRSHUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH *UDGXDWH 6FKRROV RI
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Yuji GOTO
Mariko OKADA
Yoshie HARADA
Hironobu HOJO
Toshimichi FUJIWARA
Genji KURISU
Takahisa FURUKAWA
Akira SHINOHARA
Toshifumi TAKAO㻌
Junichi TAKAGIAtsushi NAKAGAWA
Haruki NAKAMURA Akifumi HIGASHIURA$VVRFLDWH3URIHVVRUToru KAWAKAMI
Masato NAKAI
Isao SUETAKE
Hideaki TANAKA
Joji MIMA
Miki SHINOHARA
Yoshihiro OMORI
Nobuaki OKUMURA
Kenji IWASAKI
Junko KANOH
Mamoru SUZUKI
Akira KINJO/HFWXUHU
Takeshi SATO
Young-Ho LEE
Assistant Professor
Yuya ASAHINA
Masashi YAMADA
Masatomo SO
Yoh MATSUKI
Taro CHAYA
Yu KITAGO
Eiki YAMASHITA
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Yuji GOTO
Genji KURISU
Atsushi NAKAGAWA

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Hideaki TANAKA
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Takahisa FURUKAWA
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Periodical Publications & Education Activities

11Number of Students
Undergraduate

Master Course

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School of Science



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



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Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences



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
 Research Activities
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Number of Publications


2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

 Original Paper



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Education Activities & Research Activities12䠉
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11
12

13

14
15

16

17

18

Platform for Drug Discovery, Informatics, and Structural Life Science Project
Development of highly efficient recombinant protein production pipeline using mammalian expression
systemStrategic research program for XFEL science
Structural analyses of multi-module proteins using XFEL
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology
Integral Understanding of the Mechanism of Transcription Cycle through Quantitative, High-resoution
Approaches
Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan Society for
the Promotion of Science
Elucidation of the vault function based on its whole structure
CREST-JST (Japan Science Technology Corporation)
Analysis of the synapse formation and the functional networks in the vertebrate retina
X-ray Free Electron Laser Priority Strategy Program, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Scienceand Technology
Development of X-ray single particle analysis technique for structure determination of biologicalmacromolecular assemblies using spherical particle
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology
Genome-wide networks via non-coding DNA regions
Program for coordination toward integration of related databases, Japan Science and Technology
AgencyGlobal Construction and Integration of PDB

2012䠉20162012䠉20162012䠉20162012䠉20142009䠉20142012䠉20132011䠉20152011䠉2013

As the Project member
16
17
18

19

20
21
22

23
24
25

Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program (MEXT)
Coorperative Use of Neutron and Synchrotron Radiaion in Protein Crystallography (Struture biologyof electron transfer proteins in photosystem and others by coorperative use of quantum beam)
AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
How gut microbiota shifts metabolites leading to neuro-endocrine disorders in mouse and men
Platform for drug design, discovery and development, Japan Science and Technology Agency
Development of the synchrotron beamlines dedicated to the measurement of micron-size protein
crystalsTechnology Research Association for Next generation natural products chemistry, Project focused on
developing key technology of discovering and manufacturing drug for next-generation treatment anddiagnosis.
Development of innovative simulation softwares for in-silico drug screening
Platform for drug design, discovery and development, Japan Science and Technology Agency
Development of the synchrotron beamlines dedicated to the measurement of micron-size protein
crystals
Platform for Drug Discovery, Informatics, and Strucdtural Life Science
Advances and Management of Data Cloud System for Structural Life Science
CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency
Mechanism of pluripotency in embryonic stem cells and three dimesional analyses of epigenome
structure
Platform for drug design, discovery and development, Japan Science and Technology Agency
Development of the synchrotron beamlines dedicated to the measurement of micron-size protein
crystals
Strategic Innovation Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency
iPS cell-based regenerative medicine
Biomedical Kansai Research Program, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation
Realization of Cellular Treatment for Parkinson's disease patients2013䠉20172014䠉20192012䠉20162013䠉20172012䠉20162012䠉20162011䠉201620112010䠉20132010䠉2011

Entrusted Researches
No.

Grant / Program Name / Subject

㻌 study period㻌New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization1

2014䠉2018

Development of cell manufacturing and processing systems for industrialization of regenerative
medicine
Research Activities

13

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
2

3
4
5
6
7
8
9

10

11
12
13
14
15
16

Development of biohearts with small-caliber blood vessels by rational cell positioning technology
using a 3D printerProgram for coordination toward integration of related databases, Japan Science and Technology
AgencyEnhancement of functionality and integrative management of PDB
Coordination Funds for Promoting AeroSpace Utilization (MEXT)

2014䠉20182014䠉20162014䠉2016

Promotion of AeroSpace Utilization for High Quality Crystallization Technology
2014䠉2016

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
Practical application project, the innovative cancer
Hamari Chemicals Ltd.
Synthetic study of peptides under the microwave irraditation condition
Nippon Syokubai
Development of a new method for peptide synthesis
Shared use of advanced research facilities and their platform formation (MEXT)

2014
2013
2013䠉2015

Promotion of industrial use of advanced NMR facilities
Platform for Drug Discovery, Informatics, and Structural Life Science: correlative structural analysis
Development and application of a correlative structural analysis by a primary use of EM
Platform for drug design, discovery and development, The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology
Development and supports for protein sample preparation and evaluation systems toward advanced
NMR structural anaysis
PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency

2012䠉20142012䠉20162012䠉2014

Structural elucidation of the intracellular transport machinery
Japan Space Forum㻌2012䠉2013

Production of high quality protein crystals in space environment and high precision structure analysis
Strategic Basic Research Programs (Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development
Program), Japan Science and Technology Agency
Generation of diatom factory through physiolomics toward a novel energy source

2011-2016

Japan Science and Technology Agency

2011䠉2015

Promotion Project, the next generation cancer research strategy
Program for coordination toward integration of related databases, Japan Science and Technology
AgencyGlobal Construction and Integration of PDB

2011䠉2013

Japan Space Forum2011䠉2012

Production of high quality protein crystals in space environment and high precision structure analysis

Joint Researches with Private Companies and Research Agencies
No.
1

2

3
4

5

Company / Subject
Panasonic Corpration

study period

2016

Research on prediction for complex structures of VHH antibodies
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)

2015㸫2018

Development of technology for production of high quality protein crystals in space environment andhigh precision structure analysis of voltage-sensor proteins to understand their functional mechanism
Sumitiomo Dainippon Pharma

2015㸫2016

Establishment single-particle reconstruction technology platform
Hamari Chemicals, Ltd.

2015

Peptide synthesis by the microwave irradiation
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)

2014ࠥ2017

Production of high quality protein crystals in space environment (PCG#2-2) and high precision
structure analysis
Research Activities

14

6
7
8
9
10
11

2013ࠥ2014

Ajinomoto Co., lnc.
Development of stem cell culture medium using modified laminins
Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., ltd
Epitope mapping of anti-plexin monoclonal antibodies

2014㸫2015

KRI, Inc.

2014㸫2015

Cryo-EM Imaging of soft materials
2014㸫2015

Osaka Gas Chemicals, Co. Ltd.
Cryo-EM Imaging of Biomaterials

2014㸫2015

KANEKA Corporation
Structural analysis of biomaterials by EM imaging
Ajinomoto Co., Inc.
Analysis of mechanical stress of E. coli cells during amino acid crystal fermentation2012㸫2013

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)
12

13

14

15

16

Production of high quality protein crystals in space environment (NGCF#6) and high precision
structure analysis
Interprotein Corporation
Drug discovery research of small molecule protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)
Production of high quality protein crystals in space environment (NGCF#6) and high precision
structure analysis
Pharma Foods International Co., Ltd.
Survey of bioactive substances in hydrolysate of egg york
Technology Research Association for Next generation natural products chemistry, Project focused on
developing key technology of discovering and manufacturing drug for next-generation treatment anddiagnosis.
Development of innovative simulation softwares for in-silico drug screening

2013

2013

2011㸫20122013㸫20142013㸫2017

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)

2011㸫201217

Production of high quality protein crystals in space environment (NGCF#6) and high precision
structure analysis
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)

2011㸫201218

Production of high quality protein crystals in space environment (NGCF#6) and high precision
structure analysis
Astellas Pharma Inc.

2012ࠥ2016

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

Development of rational design technology of antibodies for basis of antibody medicine
Panasonic Corpration2012

Research on structural prediction for protein-protein interaction
Interprotein Corporation

2012

Drug discovery research of small molecule protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors
Ajinomoto Co., Inc.

2012

Analysis of mechanical stress of E. coli cells during amino acid crystal fermentation
Eisai Co.,Ltd2011㸫2014

Structure of drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 in lipid bilayers
Shimadzu Corporation2011㸫2012

Development of methodolgy for protein structural analysis
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)

2011㸫2012

Production of high quality protein crystals in space environment and high precision structure analysis
Ono Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.

2011㸫2012

Recombinant protein production using FATT tag system
Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix

2011㸫2012

Research on laminins, collagens, and related proteins.
JST(Japan Science and Technology Agency)

2011㸫2012

Elucidation and medical applications of epigenetic regulation in amphibian regeneration

Research Activities

15

29
30
31
32

Sekisui Medical Co.,Ltd.

2011㸫2012

Production of monoclonal antibody against native LR11
Panasonic Corpration

2011

Research on structural prediction for protein-protein interaction
Japan Biological Informatics Consortium

2011

Development of basic technology for precise in-silico drug screening
Interprotein Corporation

2011

Discovery research of small molecule medicines based on the analysis of protein function and structure
Protein Wave Corporation

33

2011

Studies on expression system construction andproteins

high efficiency large scale expression in some target


Other Outstanding Research Activities
Program Name/Subject
1

Management of Protein Data Bank Japan (PDBj)(study period)

2001㸫2015

Research Activities

16Activities as a Joint-Usage/Research Center, and International Exchange  In order to fulfill its aim as a Joint-Usage/Research Center, the Institute carries out the following programs.


Joint Researchers and International Collaborative Research ____________________________

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Laboratory of Cell Systems

25

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Laboratory of Nanobiology

26

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Laboratory of Nanobiology

27

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Laboratory of Organelle Biology / Laboratory of Epigenetics

28Division of Protein Structural Biology

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Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics

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Laboratory of Protein Crystallography

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Hankyu Railways, Kita Senri Station: About 15 min walk. Or, by taxi a ride of about 5 min from Kita Senri Stationz

Subway, Midosuji-line, Senri Chuo Station: By taxi a ride of about 10 min. Or, take Hankyu-bus for “Onohara
Higashi” and get off at “Handai Guchi”, and then about 5 min walk. Take Hankyu-bus for “Handai Honbu Mae” andget off at “Handai Honbu Mae”, and then about 15 min walk. Take Hankyu-bus for “Handai Igakubu Byoin Mae”
and get off at “Handai Shigakubu Byoin Mae”, and then about 15 min walk.

zWest Japan Railway (JR) Tokaido-line, Ibaraki Station: By taxi a ride of about 15 min. Or, take Kintetsu-bus for“Handai Honbu Mae” and get off at Handai Honbu Mae, and then about 15 min walk.

zOsaka Monorail, Handai Byoin Mae Station: About 20 min walk.



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