No．1 MAY1986

け．ヾ†ノJTて1†J／J
J．＼J ど〃．＼■．1■rJり．＼＼1LJ．．‖＝了ど＼lJ斤り．＼−．り′1＼■r（、り．1l1rJJ17署甘￣For8effer⊥∂ke〟a／】a9emeハトー
This Newsletteris aIso availabFeinJapanese．

FROM THE SHORE OF LAKE BIWA
Humankind appeared on the earth originaIly as a
COmPOnent Of naturalecosystems．Unlike the other
CreatureS，however．theybegantoseekwaystoescapBfrom the constraints of the natural systems for their
PrOSPerity，10ngeVity and safety by estabIishing and
Iivlngin a system asindependently from the natural
SyStemS aS POSSible・The deve10PmentOfagrlCUlturaF．

．二

塵

㌻

P「0た T Kfr∂

thekeymediumthatsus−
tainslacustrine ecosys−
terTISandatthesametimeis the va山able resource
forhumancon＄umPtionas
irrlgation water，industrial
Water，energySOUrCeand
above all city water for
densely popuIated areas
around theJake．There

medicaE，industrialandothertechnoIogleSenabIedthem
toestablish ofaunlqUeSyStemWhichwemaycalfthe
Civilizationsystem．Withtheendlessincreaseofhumanarenootherwaysthantomanagethelakesoastoal10W
the coexistance of both the natural and the human

POPulation thatfo owed，humankind have continued to

SyStemS．

destroynaturaIecosystemsandrepIacetho＄eWiththeirOWn．

1fsuchdestruction ofnatural＄yStemSgOeSbeyonda
Certainlfmit，however，both10Caland grobalenviron−ments would become seriousIy unstabIe to the extent

Twothousandfive hundred participantsoftheShiga
Conference 840n Conservation and Management of

WorId Lake Environment，held at Otsu on the shore of
Lake BiwaIShared a feelIng Of encroaching crisis ofenvironmentaldeteriorationinlakes ofthe world，With

that might threaten the existence of the civ‖ization

Dr・Mostafa K．Tolba，Executive Director，UNEP，Who

SyStemitseIfonthisplanet，aSindicatedbythefrequent
CCCUrrenCeOfvariouskindsofenvironmentalproblem．
ThisIimitis apparently drawlng near．The expIosive
expansionofhumanactivjtiesandtherapidtechnoIogl−
CaIprogressinrecentyearsthusnecessitatesaradicalemphasizedtheabdvevfewpointinhiskeynoteaddres＄
attheconference．HealsoappeaIedforthecreationof
aninternationa10rganizationtotakeinitiativesinestab−Jishing the rationalmanagement ofIakes and their

Changein the course of our civ＝zation．

Theprogressofhumancivilizationcan no10ngerbe
equatedto the spatialexpansion ofhumansystems as
hassofarbeenthecase．1nsteadoffurtherexpanding
thecivilizationsystematthesacrificeofthenature，the
COUr＄eOftechnoIogICaldeve10PmentShouldbemainly
Orientedtowardgreaterinternalutilizationorupgrading

drainage basinモ；．

ThernternationalLakeEnvironmentCommittee（lLEC），

Organizedby16membersfrom13countriesandinaugu−
ratedonFebruary21stofthisyear，isthedirectresponse
to Dr・Tolba s appealwhich was aJso repeatedin the
resoIutionadoptedbyShigaConference，84・Thescope

Of thelLECis therefore not only scientific but also
technicarand manageriaI，andits activityrsorientedto
Oftheexistingcivilizationsystem，therebysav−ngenOUgh both generaF pTincipIes and specific cases．The first

SPaCe for the naturaIsystems to survive．Thisis，rbelieve，One Of the mostirTIPOr（antlessons we havelearned from the experience of dealIng With environ−year s activityis expected toincILJde
DraftingtheguideIinesforrationallakemanagement，★Co−SPOnSOnng a WOrkshop on environmenta ymentalproblemsinthelatterhaIfofthe20thcentury・ln

SOundeconomicdeve10PmentWithemphasisontheuse

the future world, the natural systems and the highly

Oflake resources，争nd
Compilationofnaturalandsocio−eCOnOmicdataon

developed civiIization system wi preferably thrive physi−
Ca ymore orIessindependentlybutfunctiona11yinter−dependently．Their speciala11ocation has to be opti−
mized atlocal，reg［Onaland globalIevels．

This pnncIPle ofseparation between the naturaF andthehumansystemsishowever，hardIyapplicablesofar

aslakesareconcerned・Thelakeisusua yacompIete
entity difficu（t to div芦deinto subsystems．The humanactivities on andin thelake coexist with thelake
ecosysteminoneandthesamespace．Thelakewateris

WOrldlake environments，
as stated eIsewherein this newsletter．

1nannouncIngthecreationandinaugurationofthelLEC，
rwouId riketoextendthe Committee，ssincerestthanks
to theGovernmentofShiga Prefecture，Japan．forthe

financiafsupporttothelLECduringitspreparatorystage
and thefirstfiscalyear；tOthe United Nations Environ−ment Programme（UNEP），EnvjronmentalAgency and
MinistryofForeignAffai■rsoftheJapaneseGovernment，the United Nations Centre for Regional Development（UNCRD），andotherinternationalandnationaIorganiza−
tionsforvaluableassistanceand advice；andto PromoT
tersofthelLECandaHtheotherpersonsconcernedfor
theireffortin putting the Committee onthe righttrack・Otsu，Shiga，Japan
Apri11986
ねruo K行a
C／1afrper50JT

H‖ ＝−−−−′〜−

largestlake，Biwa，Whichcomprisesone−Sixththeentire
Prefecturalarea・Lake Biwa has10ng been deepIy
COnneCtedwiththepeople＝vIngarOundit：indirectuse
for fishery and transportation and as a vital water
resource for drinking，ag「lCUIture andindustry．More−OVer，thefaCtthatwe residing heresha「ealargewater
spaceatthecenteroftheOmiPBasin，geOgraPhicalname
for the entire Shiga prefecturalarea，has pIayed an
important rolein creating our spirituaFidentity・Furth−ermore．thelake suppIIeS Waterfor drinking and otherdomestic uses to13million residents of Kyoto，Osakaand Kobe，10Cateddownstream．asweLlasforindustrial
agncuIturaland power−generating purposes・
LakeBiwa，thoughnotveryIargebygIobalstandards，
isthus one ofthe world．s most notewonhylakesin thelight ofthe served population andits h nPOrtanCe aS a
water resource．The Lake Biwa has arso suffered′ノん1ごと：■二ゾ「、2′ ・increaslngEyfrom eutrophication and various otheren−vironmentaleviEs．
Again岳t these envrronmentalphenomena，We haveattempted everypossible countermeasureavailabEeto
us．0urexperiencesinthisregard，however．havemade
US realize that．however hard the government may try，
howeverfarscientific research mayadvance，indepen−
ノー′′」Fdenteffortsineachfieldalonecanneverattaincomplete
resoIution of environmentalproblems．
Gol／e〃10r 几イ．TaJ（emUr∂ meeJs Dr．んす．K．ro値∂ ∂r 〃1e
TopreventtheeutrophicationofLakeBiwa．theShigaわe∂dquar始rs of U〟亡P fn〃∂行0上）／0∩∧ねy川．了985・
PrefecturaIGovernment enactedin1979the Ordinanceto regulate nitrogen and phosphorus．the substances
ADDRESS BY HON．MASAYOSHITAKEMURA，
suspectedofplayIngkeyroIesinlakeeutrophicationLln
GOVERNOR OFTHESHIGA PREFECTURE，AT
establishingthisordmance，WeOftheShigaPrefectural
THE PREPARATORY MEETING OFJLEC
Government were greatlyinfluenced by the residents］
grass−r00tS anti−Synthetic−detergent movement，WhichYour ExceIlent Scientists；
WaSUnSOPhisticated，yetthereforetouchedtheverycore
Thankyouverymuchforparticipatinglnthe Prepara−
Oftheissue．AsaIessonlearnedthroughthisexperience，
tory Meeting of theInternationaILake Environment
WeCametObeIievethatthewaytorestoreandpreserve
Committeeheretoday．［nreSPOnSetOmyPrOPOSal．1tisa
thelakeenvironmentresidedintheprovisionofaplace
greatpIeasure and honorforme．havlng PrOPOSedthe
Where expertsin various fields can earnestly work
COmmittee，tOeXPeriencegenerouscooperationofalIof
you，internationaLly esteemed experts on water prob− togetherin mutuaIinterdiscIPllnary COOPeration atthe
Veryheartofthe problems．This recognitionIed to ourIems，Who so kindIyrecognizedthe slgnificance ofthe
hosting Shiga Conference 84 0n Conservation andCOmmittee and readilyagreedtotaketime outofyour
ManagementofWorId Lake Environmenttowhichwere
busy schedules to act as promoters：lextend myinvitedleadersandresearchersfrom manyinternational
heartiest welcome to you all．
Of the hundreds of thousands of lakes around theinstitutions，gOVernmentSandcitizenorganizationsworld
OVer．ApprovedandsupportednotonlybytheUNEP，theWOrld．those deeply reFatedin any case to human
United Nations University and theJapanese Govern−
activitiesarenowconfrontedwithincreaslnglmPalrment
ment but aJso by Shiga Prefecture s sister affiliates，
Oftheirnaturalbalances．And every possible effortfor
theimprovementis continuously being madeindepend−
namely．the State of Michigan，the United States，the
entFy atindividua11akes，However，aS CaUSeS Vary State of Rio Grande do SuI．Brazil，and the province ofWidely．problemsemergeind汁ferentformsfromlaketo Hunan，China，theConferencewasagreatsuccess，andbrought a wealth of slgnificant resuIts．
lake：therefore no single pathleads to a common
In the keynote address atthe Conference，Dr．Tolba，SOlution．Suchdiversityofproblems，lpresume．hasthus
Executive
Directorof UNEP，COntended thatidentifica−
farprecLudedthoseengagedinlakemanagementfrom
tionofappropriateIakecontroImeasuresviainternation−gathering together to djscuss soIutionsinternationa y，alagreementisanessentialfuturetaskofUNEPitseIf，tO
interdiscipllna「lly or even domestica y・AFthough thiseffectenvironmentarlywholesome waterresource con−maybethecase．1neverthelessbelievethattheresurely
trol．Basedonthisview．heproposedtheestablishment
are universalrulesin overcomlnglake environmental
Ofaninternationalcommitteetoembodytheintentionof
issues，andthatnewapproachestothe healthycoexist−
that
Conference．ln response，Conference participants
ance of man and water can be found．
unanimous］yproposedintheLake BiwaDecIarationthe
OurPTefecture，Shiga．hasinitscentralareaJapan s

ノ嵩／お′、うestablishment ofaninternationalinformation exchange
Organizationto passthe conclusionsofthe Conference
OntOCOmlnggenerationsandtosupportconcretesteps
to savelakes．

Itis from■my reSPOnSibiFity as the host of Shiga
Conference 84aswellasfrommybeliefconcernmgthe
essentialsofresolvlnglakeenvironmentalproblemsthat
lthus propose the establishment of thelnternational
Lake Environment Committee to realize Dr．Tolba■sCreation of th台rnternationalShiga Committee withits
headquartersinShigaPrefecturetofoIEowupthespirEtof
the Conference■ Hence jn Lake Biwa Declaration．
Whjch concIuded the results of the conference．thefo owlng POint wasincluded：
lnternationalexchangeofinformationandexperienceinlakebehaviorandmanagementisnecessaryinorder
totaketheeffectiveactionstosavelakes．To promote
thisgoal，anintemationalIiais6norganizationshouFdbe

PrOPOSaI．as supportedin the Lake Biwa DecFaration．
†ormed．
Around Lake Biwa，SOme deveIopmentalpTOJeCtS
named．LThe Lake Biwa Comprehensive DeveIopment
May14，1985
Project■ are currentJyunderway to achieve effectjve，
Mr・MasayoshiTakemura，GovernorofShigaPrefec−
appropriate use of water resource，We beFieve that
ture，discussed the matter with Dr．Tolba at the head，
theseproJeCtSShould notaimmerelyatexploitingsuch
qUa「terS Of the UNEPin Nairobi・Mr．Takemura sug−
resources：theultimateobjectiveistoimprovetherivIng
gested to establish aninternationalcommittee consist−
Standardofresidentsinthevicinityanddownstr占am；tO
Ing Of membe「s fromlO to12countries of the world
this end．comprehensive environmentalconservation
toward the end of Autumnin1985．
measures，incIudinglakewaterquaIitypreservation．areessential・Fully expecting that this poIicy of oL］rs will
September，1985
become predominantinfuturelakeenvironmentalcon−
GovernorTakemurarequestedworldwideeightscien−
tror worIdwide，lbelieve that the estabrishment of an tists to serve as the promoters of the Committee．
internationalcommitteehereontheshoreofLake Biwa
W州beofgreatslgnificanceinapproachinglakeprob−
December5and6，1985
IemsfromthegrobaIpointofview・ltismysincerehope The Preparatory Meeting oflnternationalLake En−
that the Committee wiIIsoon come to tender．as theVironmentCommitteewasheld atLake Biwa Research
foremostauthoritativeintemationalorganizationin thls
lnstitute（LBRl）jn Otsu．Participants were：
Subject，aPPrOPriateadviceforsoIvlngtheenvironmen−
Prof．T．Goda
Governor．M．Takemura
taIprobIems o＝ndividuallakesworldwide・learnestly
Prof．G．N．Golubev
Prof，R．A．Vollenweider
hope that the appropriate character and tasks to be
Profr S．E，Jorgensen
Dr．M．Hashimoto
assumed．bythis CommitteewirlbefuIIydiscussed at
P「of．T．Kira
Dr．G．E．Petts（for Prof，
this Meeting・from your scientific and expert stand−Prof．H．L6ffler
G．F．White）
POints．
P「of．」．0verbe（〕k1nclos■ng・lwouldagainIiketoexpressmyheartfeIt
They agreed on the foIIowlng POints：
gratitudeforyourpartjcipationinthePreparatoryMeetT
1・ltisnecessarytocreateopporlunitiestoexchange
informationandexperienceregardingthemanagement
Ing OftheInternationalLake Environment Committee．
Thank you．
andutilizationoflakesby，forinstance，holdinginterna−
tionalmeetings regularly．
〃∂S∂γ05わ／Ta〟emu√∂
2・Anorganizationmustbesetupt00fferaccurateand
UPTtO−dateinformation concermng the environmental
Situation of the worldlakes and to makeit avaiIable
lLEC rN BRIEF
Whenever necessary．
3・Theorganizationshould alsoserveasan advisory
PROGRESS LEADING TO THE ESTABLISH＿
bodyto commentto UN organizations etc．on envjron−
MENT OF rLEC
mentally sound management ofJakes and their catch一
August28−31，1984
叩entSI
ShigaConferencer840nConservationandManage−
They adopted the Prospectus onlLEC and nomi−
mentofWorld Lake Environment（LECS 84） was heId
nated16experts as the Tegurar members ofJLEC，

On the shore of Lake Biwa，thelargestand the oJdest
lakejnJapanIUnderthesponsorshipofShigaPrefectu−
raJGovernment（one ofthe47autonomous districts of

February21and22．1986
ThelnauguraIMeetingofILECwasheldatLakeBiwa
Researchlnstitute（LBRl），

Japan）andtheNationallnstituteforResearchAdvance＿ment（NIRA，a reSearChinstitute affiliated to theJapanese Government）．with some2，400participants
PURPOSE
from acrosstheWOrJd・ltwasthefirst comprehensjve
COnferencedea‖ng withthe scientific，SOCioeconomic，
The committeeis expected：
administrativeandcommuntiyrorientedproblemsofthe
To promote rationalmanagement of naturaJand man−environmentin and aroundlakes．
made lakes and their environments consistent with
1nthekeynoteaddressoftheConference，Dr．MostafaSuStainable deve10Pment POlicies．
K・Tolba，Executive Director of UNEP，SuggeSted theThe ReguIar Members and the Secretary−GeneraIat
PreSent are：

STATUSILECis anintemationaInon−gOVernmentaIorganiza−tion．The Committee could also act as a scientificadvisorybodytotheworkofUNEPinimplementationof
theprogrammeforthe EnvironmentallySound Manage−
ment of EnIand Waters（EMINWA），
FUNCT10NS

REGULAR MEMBERS
Chairman．Engineering and Environ−（ARGENTINA）
ment Committee．WorId Federation
OfEngineeringOrganizations（WFEO）
Prof．T．Goda
FacuIty of Engineerlng，Setsunan
りAPAN）
Un弓versity，Osaka
Prof．G．N．GoIubev Assistant Executive Director．UNEP，
Nairobi＝JNEP】
Prof．S．E．Jl汀genSen RoyalDanish SchooIof Pharmacy．
Copenhagen；Secretary，lntemation−（DENMARK）
aISociety of EcoIogicalMode ing
Dr．C．E．Bauer

The committee will catalytically coutribute to the
fol10Wlngitems concemlng the managementofLakes
With emphasis on environmentalaspects・
1．Facilitate the exchange of scientific．technicalandmanagerialinformation，dataandexperienceonenviron−
ProI．T．Kiramentalaspects oflakes．
（JAPAN）
P「Of．Lu．H．
2．Advise and assistin deveToplng and overseelng（CHINA）
Plans of actions for managlng naturaland man−madeP「Of．H．L（州Ier
lakes and their enviroments，eSPeCia yin developIng（ÅusTRIA）
COuntries．
3．Provideenv行onmentalpollCygUiderinesinreconcil−
1ng eCOnOmic deveIopment and rationaIuse oflake

いSEM）

Director，Lake Biwa Researchlnsti−tute，Otsu
Director，Chinese Research Academy
Of EnvironrTlentalSciences，Beijing
Director．Institute of LimnoIogy，
Wien：President，hternat10nalSocietyof Theoretical and Applied Limnology（SIL）

SeniorScientist，BalatonLimnoIogic−
alResearchlnstitute，T‖1any
4・Promotescientificresearchonmanagementoflakes
Dr．K．M．Mavuti
SeniorLecturer，Dept．of ZooIogy，
and their environments．
（KENYA）
Nai「ObF
Univer＄1り．Nairobi
5．Promote trainlng On teChnicaland managerialProf．M．G．K．Menon
Member．PLanningCommission．New
aspects oflake＄and their environments．
りNDIA）
DeFhi；F．R．S．■
6・Assistinidentifying and mobilizlng reSOurCe＄from
Prof．」．0verbeck
Director，Dept．ofMicrobialEco10gy，national，bilateraLandmuItirateraIsourcesforimprovIng
Max−PFanck−rnStitute for Lirnno10gy，（WEST GERMANY）
management of laltes and their environments.
P18n
7．Solicitthe cooperation andinvoIvementofinterna−
Prof．」．G．Tundisi Schoo10f Engineeri咽，University oftional．reg10nalandgovernmantaIorganization，SCientific（BRAZル）S急O Paulo．Sao CarIos
institutions，andnon−gOVernmenta10（ganizations，tOfur−
Prof．R．A．Vol旭rlWe事der Senior Scientist．Canada Centre forther the objectives of the Committee・（CANADA）
lnland Wa†ers，Burli咽tOn
8．Assistin the plannlng and organization of confer−
Prof．R．G．Wetzel
W．K．KeHogg Bio10gicaIStation，ences onIakes and their enviroments．
（∪．S．A）
Michigan State Unive（Sity HickoTy
Corners；Gen．Secreta「y一丁reasurer．
Dr．F．Mat色reSOuCeS．

（HUNGARY）

ORGANIZAT10N

SlしProf．G．F．White

Thecommitteehasbeenorganizedwith16expertsin（∪．S．A）
naturalscience，SOC‡af science．plannlng and poIICy， An expe「tSe18Cted world−Wide．
（U．S．S．R）

Institute of BehavioralScience，Uni−
VerSity of CoIolado，BouIder（to be nominatedlater）

〉
研羊二彗

感三恕
C．亡．βaue√』 ∴i■ご■γノGod∂

G．N．Go血beレ S．E．Jld√g即SeJ）

一片什a⊥JU，〃．

〃．⊥6椚e「SECRETARY−
GENERAL
Dr．M．Ha＄himoto

Prof．Mitsuru Sakamoto（Japan LimnologicaISociety）
Mr．KotaroKusakabe（JapanEnvironmentalAssociation）
Dr．Akira Kurata（Lake Biwa Researchlnstitute）（JAPAN）

Policy Advisor
On Environm8nt，
Shiga Prete（班∪−CONGRATULATORY GREETING MESSAGE OF
UNEP TO lNAUGURAL MEETlNG OF lLEC

Governor Takemura−Iadies and gentlemen，LakesarethepearlsoftheearLh．AndhereinOtsucity
anexciting newstephasbeentakenwhichwi helpto
reserve those precious pearls．
THEINAUGURAL MEETING OFILEC
1twasonIyayearandahalfago，inAugustof1984，that
OnFebruary21and22，1986，thelnauguTalMeetingof theideaofanintemationallakeenvironmentcorTlmittee
WaSfir＄tmOOted．Andtodayweinauguratetheyoungest
lnternationalLake Environment Committee，and
attendedbythefollowlnglLECmembersandobservers
member ofthe famlly of professiorlalorganizations−
frominternational，gOVermentaland10Ca10rganizations・ high−1eve＝nternationalcommitteetohelpovercomethe
mostofproblemswefaceinmanagmgtheworId slakes．
1am confident that the committee willchart a course
REGULAR MEMBERS
towardsthesustainabledeve10PmentOfthesepncelessDr．Conrado E，Bauer（ARGENTINA）
ecosystems．Thedepthofsupportshownbytheinterna−
Prof．TakeshiGoda（JAPAN）
tionalcommunity rightfrom the outset gives us goodPrc．f．Genady N．GoIubev（UNEP）
reason for optimism．Likewise，the extraordinary ded−（concurrentIy as the representative of UNEP）
icationshownbytheShigaPrefecture，andbyGovernor
Prof．Sven E．Jorgensen（DENMARK）
Takemurain
particular，augurSWe forthecommittee s
Prof．Tatuo Kira（JAPAN）
future work．
Prof．Heinz LBff［er（AUSTRIA）
We in UNEP and especially myself truly appreciate（concurrentIy as the representative of UNESCO andtheseefforts andit has been a greathonourforustolUCN）
COOPerateWiththeShigaPrefectureintheestablishment
Dr．Kenneth M．Mavuti（KENYA）
of theJntemationa（Lake EnviT，Onment Committee．
Prof．Jurgen Overbeck（WEST GERMANY）
WeexpectthatthisCommittee−Whichisdrawhgon
Prof．J6se Q，Tundisi（BRAZIL）
apoolofleadi咽 eXPe「tS Onlake environment andProf．Richard A．Vo enweider（CANADA）
managementfrom
a overthe worId−Wi provide aProf．Robert G．Wetzel（U．S．A．）
POWenJIcontribution
totheimprovernent oflake environ−（concurrentlyastheTePreSentativeofSILand MicMgan
mentandtothesustainabledeve10PmentOflakebasins．
State）
We hope that this Committee wM ＄UPPOrt UNEP s
Dr．S畠ndoTHerodek（HUNGARY＝forDr．Ferenc Mゑte）Dr．Zhang，Jiqiang（CHINA＝for Prof．Liu，Hongliang） Programme on EnvironmentallySound Managementof
lnIandWaters．theEMINWAProgramme，Whichhasbee
COmmenCedin
the ZambeziRiver Basin and wiFlbe
PROMOTERS OTHER THANfo
owed
upin the Lake Tanganyika Bash，lLECis
REGULAR MEMBERS
WeIcornedtocontributetotheimplementationofthese
Mr．MasayoshiTakemura（Governor，Shiga Pre
activities．AndforourpartUNEPi＄honouredtowalkwith
Dr．Michio Hashimoto（PolicyAdvisor on Environment，lLECinthese earlydays．We hopethe CornmitteewiJl
Shiga Pref．）
finditfea＄ibletoactasanadvisorybodytoUNEPintM＄
aTea．And we also hope thatthe environmentand the
OBSERVERS
management of naturaland man−madelakesin the＄eDr．Hidehiko Sazanami（United Nations Centre for
andotherreg10nSWi profitfromlLEC sgrowlngeXPeri−
RegionalDeveIopment）
en￠e and expe「tise．
Mr．Hajimelrisawa（NationalLand Agency）
Jtis ourfirm beliefthat aninitiat蕃ve ofthis nature，if
Mr，Mutsuo Mabuchi（Ministry of Foreign Affairs）
Seriously fo owed up by theinternationalcommunity，
Mr，KazuyoshiOkazawa（MinistryofHealthandWelfare）
Mr．NoriakiShiojiri（MinistryofAgriculture，Forestryand Should makeapositiveimpactonourenvironment．An
exemplarylnitiative）ike thisone shouJd be suppQrted
Fisherie＄）
Mr．KiyoshiShinguhara（Minist†y OflnternationalTrade andwideIypublicizedinthehopethatitisemulatedin
Other reg10n＄andin other sectors．
andlndustry）
Fina yrshouldlikeagaintothankandcongratuIatethe
Mr．Kenjiro Saito（Ministry of Construction）
ShigaPrefectLJreforthepr8ParatOryeffortstoestabrish
Mr．Mitsuo OhiTa（Minstry of Home Affairs）
thelntemationalLake Environment Committee，andl
Dr．KojiMuraoka（Nationallnstitute for Environment
wish alIsuccess to this new Committe．
Stud始S）
Thank youDr．KazuakiKawasaki（Nationa11n＄titute for ResearchralGovernment．
Ot＄U

Advancement）
Prof，Yasuhiko Tezuka（Eco10gicalSociety ofJapan）

Dr．んす．K．ToJba

Ere￠リールeβ什ecfor

5ADataBookofWorld LakeswascompiFed byLBRI（AddressestothelnauguralMeetingoflLECwereaEso
and NFRAand published bytheSecretariatofLECS184
SentfromHon・ShintaroAbelMinisterofForeignAffairs，Japan，and Hon．Yoshihide Mori，Minister ofState tWOyearSagO・Thispro）eCtisessentiaIlythecontinuation
andanddeve10PmentOfthispublication，andintendstorivise
Director GeneraIof the Environment Agency．Japan，
thedataon52IakescontainedintheDataBook，enrich
togetherwithfrom manyotherorganizationsincluding
UNESCO，JUCN and S‖＿．）
dataonasmanyotherlakesaspossibJe，andcomp■lethemintoanewvoJume・ltaimstocoverapproximately
THEMES FOR DISCUSS10N
Mainitems of the agenda were：1．1LEC Constitution
2．Election oflLEC Bureau Members
3．JLEC Projects and Activitiesl）Cooperation with other organizations：
EMINWA Programme（UNEP），GEMS／Water
Prograrnme（UNESCO，UNEP，WHO and WMO），

250Iargelakesin the worId and the other somelOO
lakes which are jmportantin terms of scientific value，
Water SUPPJy and naturalresources hlthe future．

Not onlylimnorogicaI（physiographic，・PhysicaI，Che−
micaland hydro−bio10gicaE）but aIso socio−eCOnOmi6（incIudingresourcesutiIization，enVironmentcontroland
deveIopmentplans）datawiILbecoIlected．Emphasisis

alsolaidontheFatestdataaswellasthepasthistoryof
environmentalchange．

etc．

2）Training Programme for Lake Managenlent
2．TRAINING SEMINAR PROJECT
3）Co‖ection ofInformation on Lake Environments
ILEC wiIltake partin a trainlng Seminar which
4）preparation of GuideIines on Comprehensive
COrlStitutes animportantpartofthe workshop pIan on
EnvironmentaIPlannmgandManagementforLocalandLake Management
5）Publications
RegionaIDeveloprnentpropo＄edbytheUnitedNations
CentreforRegionalDeve10Pment（UNCRD）inNagoya．
6）Pubriclnformatjon
4・Fiscal 861LEC Budget andProjects
This jsJOintly sponsored by UNEP，UNCRD andILEC
5・ActionPlanconcernIngthenextGoverningCounciI WiththecooperationbyEnvironmentalAgency，NationaI

Land Agency and Minjstry of Forelgn Affairs of theJapanese Goverment and Shiga Prefectural Govern‑

Of UNEP

ment．andemphasizedtheenvironmentaIlysoundman−

EXECUTIVE MEMBERS

agementofFakeandtheirresourcesintheprocessof

The foIIow■ng rnembers were appointed to the first
executive rnembers：
Chairperson，
Prof．T．Kira（Japan）
Vice−Chairpersons． Dr，C．E．Bauer（Argentjna）
Prof，R．A．Vo enweider（Canada）

Treasurer，Prof．T．Goda（Japan）
Secretary−General， Dr・M・Hashimoto（Japan）
WORKING GROUPS

reg■OnaF deve10Pement reSOrting to a comprehensive
approach．

The project aims at the international training of
nationaltrain■ngPerSOnnelp．votaltoacountrierstraimng

programme. lmproved training is thereby expected to
become avaiIablein each country partic［Pating■n the
Project，reSUrtingin effective manpowerdeve10Pment．
Emphasis willbelaid on the fo owIng POintsinim−
PlementhgtheProject：l）Practicalmethodsofpromotr
ingtheconservationoflakeenvironments．2）Systems，

measure＄and methods for rationaImanagement of

The fo owIng WOrking groups were organized．
lakes．3）Supply ofinformation on approaches to be
1・G山deline：」￠「；IenSen．0verbeck，Tundisi，takenin deve10PIng COUntriesandJapan，s exprlenCeS
COnCerningIakemanagement，and4）needfortrain戸ng
VoIIenweider，and Liu
2．DataColrection：Kira，LOffIer，Vollenweider，and Liuindeve10P■ngCOuntriesandtheresponsetothatneed．
3・TrainIngSeminar：Jorgensen．LOffIer，Mavuti，Over− TheseminarwilFbeheldinOtsuandNagoyaihthefal1
beck．Wetzeland」山
0f1986・TheparticipationofseveraIregularmembersof
lLECis expected，HEADQUARTERS
The headquarters oflLECis currentFy10Cated atthe
Office of Shiga PrefecturalGovernment．4−1−1
Ky（）maChi，Otsu．Shiga，520Japan．

3．GUIDELINE PROJECT

ln cooperatjon with EMINWA Programme of UNEP，lLECintendstoprovideguidelinesnecessaryfordraw−
Ing uP COmPrehenshIe managementpIansofwatersin
andaroundlakes・DetailsofthisproJeCtWiIlbefixedby

PROJECT PLANS OFILECIN FISCAL1988
1．WORLD LAKES DATA COLLECTlON PROJECT
Providing basicdataforanumberofworldlakesw‖
be of great help to those who are engaged in the
managernent of a pa「ticularIake as wellasin the
PreParation of generalguideFines．

6

the working group oflLEC as soon as possibIe．

LAKES OF THE WORLD
l．LAKE BIWA

Biwa．thelargestlakeinJapan，hasasurfaceareaof BesidesindustriaIwastewater，thereareseveralfactors
thatmaycontributetotheincreaseofnutrientloadingto
674Km2．ameandepthof41m（maximumdepthlO4m）．
andawaterstorageof27．5biElion（10g）m3．1tscatchment the Eake．such as domestic and farm sewage，PO＝uted
rainwater，etC．DomesticwastewaterEsbecomIng mOre
areais deIimited by mounain ranges aboutl，000m
above sealevel，and5．7times as wide as thelake，andmoreimportantasthesourceofnutrient10adingdue
to the rapid urbanization and popuIationincreasein
almost overlapplng the adrninistrative area of Shiga
Prefecturethathasapopu［ationofl．12rnillion・TheLake ShigaPrefectureandtheever−ris．ngstandardo＝ivmg・
ln1979，the Prefectural■Government enacted theis believed to be some four million years old and is
Ordinance
forthe Prevention of Eutrophicationin Lake
thereforeone ofthegeo10glCa yoldestlakeshtheworrd・
Biwa which specified stricter control of waste water
Thisiswhythelakeaboundsinendemicspeciesoffish．
dischargeand，forthefirsttimeinJapan，PrOhibitedt
Shellfishandotherorganisms．Theannualinputofwateruse of phosphate−COntainlng Synthetic detergents・The
tothelakeamountsto5．8bi ionm3．while5．2biIrionm3
Phosphoruscontentoftheriverwaterhasbeenthereby
flowsouttoOsakaBaythroughtheSetaRiver，atributary
reducedconsiderably．ThemeanconcentrationofphosTof the Yodo River．This abundant and stable−mas≦of
Waterhasbeenaprecioussourceofwaterfor13m Iion PhorusandnitrogeninlakewateralsosIightlylmPrOVed
and have remainedfairIystable during thelastseveral
residents，ricefieId？andindustrylntheYodowatershed
years．TheNationalGovernmentandthegovernmentsof
inchJding suchIarge cities asOsaka．Kyoto and Kobe・
Shigaanddownstream prefecturescooperatedin set−
Eutrophication is the most serious problem facing
ting
up
the
Lake Biwa Comprehensive Deve10Pment
Lake Biwain recentyears．Thelake had been ollgO−
Projectfor
Lake Biwain1972．This20−year Pro］ect
trophicunt around1960，butbecamerapidEyentrophi−
COnSistsof，amOngOthers．twomainope「ations；increas−catedin the1960 s and1970 s due totheindustriaIand
1ngWaterSUPPlyfromLakeBiwatodownstreamareasby
economicdeve10PnlentOfitscatchmentarea．RecuTrent
40m3／SeCtOmeetincreas■ngdemands；andconstructing
occurrance of freshwater red tide or bLooms of aalarge−SCaLeseweragesystemwithadvancedtreatment
flagellate alga and an unpleasant odor persisting inplantsin thelakers catchmemt areaforwater quality
drinkingwatertakenfromthelakeanditsdownstream
improvementL Bigconstructionworkssuchasthecon−river during summertimes are the warnlng SlgnS Of
tinuous embankment along the shoreline are going on
accelerated eutrophication・and have caused a controversy on their merits andThelegalcontro10f waste water discharge．imT
plemented by theJapanese NationaIGovemmentin
demerits．particularlytheirundesiradleeffectoncoastal
1970．s10Wed downthe progressofeutrophicationto aecosystems．
considerableextent，butithasbynomeansbeenrlalted．

軒（Your contribution to this co＝」mnis welcome．）

lNFORMATrON
discussand＄UmmarizetheresuFtsofthetechnicalpresenta−
tionsand recommendfutureactions．The ChaiTPerSOn，theTreasurelandtheSec−eta†Y−Generat oHLEC areinvlled to
the Confe帽nCe．
WORLDCONFERENCEON LARGELAKESTMACKINAC
Sponsor and co−hostsく）f thi＄COnference are：86is going to take pEace on May28−21．1986，at GrandState of Michgan−JamesJ．BIanchard，Governor
HoteI，MackinacIsIand．Michigan，U．S．A．．attended．byesti−
A川edmated 5（）O scientists，Pub）ic officials．and business andCenter for the Great Lakes
Gitizenleaders from the over40nation＄thatincIude2500f
C．S．Mott Foundation
the world sIargestJakes．This Conference has the back−Council of Great Lakes Governars
ground that the Governor of the State of Michigan has
Dow Chemical Company
accepted aninvitationfrom the GovernorpfShiga PrefecT
Environment Canadature，Japan，tOhostthesecondWORLDCONFERENCEON
Ganeral Moters Corporation
LARGE LAKES to buiId upon the successfuIresuFts oftheG†ealLakes United
SHIGAVVORLD LAKE ENVtRONMENT CONFERENCE 84，
lnternatiqnaIJoint Comrnission
Toxiccontaminationis one ofthe greatestthreatsto theWOrld sfreshwaterlakes−andoneofthemostdifficulttypes Joy（）e Foundation
Ofcontaminationtocontrol．lnmanycases．toxiccontamina− Ke ogg Foundatlon
tion problems can only be prevented or solved through aMeadmulti−State Or multi・nalion approach．Hence．the centrar
MiChigariSea（irant CoIlege Program
Shiga Prefectural GoYernment
theme of this Conferenceis to promote aninternatjonaJ，
U．S．EnvironmentalPrc〉teCtion Ag創1CY、
GOOPerativeefforttowardthestudy．controlandmanagement
Of toxic chemicalsin thelargelakes of the worrd．The
Objectives o†this．conference are：
BUREAU MEETING OFILEC
1．todefinethestateofscientificknowIedgewithrespectto
toxic substa11GeS．
Thelst Bureau Meeting of FLEC wi be heId at Canada
2．toindentifysuccessfulpreventative．regulatoryandman−
CentreforlnlandWarersinBurIington．onMay22and23．All
agement alternatives．
BureauMembers．togetherwithafewstaffmembersoflLEC
3，tOeXP10reandencouragepubliceducationandinvofve−
Secretaliat willatlend the meeting．
m引1tinlake management．
TheConfe（enCeWilropenwithamajorkeynoteaddresson
We are grad to send you the firsti＄Sue Of ourlLEC
the signifiGation of toxic contaminationin thelargelake
NewsLetter．The Committee was estabtished with the cour−environm8nt■ParEicipants wiu then seLectfrom concurrent
tesy of Shiga PrefecturalGovernment，Which generousIy
SeSSions within the fourmaJO（tOPics relating to chemical
PrOVided the office ＄PaCe and contributed the working
COntaminantsinlargelakes：
expensesforitsinauguration．Now，We need your support
1．Chronic Effects of Contanlinantsin Large Lakes
and cooperation for the continuous deve］opment of the
2．Toxicsin Fishe丹Ma†1agement
3，Social，Economic and LegalConsiderations Relatedto Commi恍ee．
CALL FOR ARTICLES
Lakes Management
Those who wish to contribute to lLEC Newslefier are
4．Sources and Fate ofCheTnicaIContamination jn Large
invited to send manuscripts to the secretariat．
Lake5．
The Conference wi conclude with a plenary session toWORLD CONFERENCE ON LARGE LAKES−
MACKINAC 86〟一肌E尺〟A7TO勅ムムd∬g且ⅣI／〟己0〟〟gⅣr CO働Ⅳγ柑g．芋・・

亡んShiga PrefeHuralGol■ernm印t．4十ト1K〉・OmaChi．Otsu，Shiga520．JapanTe）：0775−25LlO76TLx：546485（JILECJ FさX：0775−25−1186
Cab】e：ILEC OTSU