PRINCIPLES OF A TRUSTED DATA INFRASTRUCTURE:
GERMAN, EUROPEAN, AND JAPANESE PERSPECTIVES
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Otto  RRI Symposium  14 October 2020

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publicAgenda◼ How to Build Data Spaces◼ GAIA-X and IDS◼ Outlook© Fraunhofer ISST · 2

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How to Build Data Spaces
European and German Strategies on Data

Source: European Commission (2020); German Federal Government (2020).
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How to Build Data Spaces
Data Spaces Design Principles− No physical data integration, leave data where it is (→ Federated data architecture)
General Design
Principles− No common schema required (→ Integration foremost on semantic level throughvocabularies)− Data networking, data visiting and data co-existence− Nesting and overlaps possible (→ Ecosystem of data spaces)

Additional IDS
DesignPrinciples− Data sovereignty and traceability− Trusted participants

Source: Borjigin et al. 2013; Franklin et al. 2005; Otto & Jarke 2019; Zrenner et al. 2019.
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How to Build Data Spaces
Ecosystems, Data Spaces, Digital Infrastructure at the Mobility Example
Mobility Ecosystem

Connectivity

Mobility Data Space(Shared Digital Twin)

Data Object

IDS Software
Infrastructure

IDS Connector

Source: acatech, Fraunhofer ISST (2020).
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The »Onion Model« of Data Spaces Design Cooperation− IDS Information
Model− Business andGovernance
Models− ODRL based policies

UC2

DRM Use Cases− Use-case specificapps and services

Data Space Commonalities
IDS-based
Infrastructure− Domain-specificvocabulary− Codex andcontracts− Brokers andcommon data
platforms

UCn− Data usage
templates− …
Legend: IDS – International Data Spaces; ODRL - Open Digital Rights Language; UC – Use Case.
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publicUC1− Generic IDS
components (Broker,Connector, ClearingHouse)− IDS communication
protocol− Certification− …

How to Build Data Spaces
Evolution of IDS-Supported Data Ecosystems

I

II

1:1

III

»Few to Few«

n:m

C
C
B

C
C

C
C

CCC
B

HICC

C

Bilateral Data Exchange

I

Closed Community Data Sharing
Open Dynamic Data Ecosystem

Legend: Circle-shaped Nodes – Ecosystem Member; C – Connector; B – Broker; I – Identity Provider; H – Clearing
House; Edges between Nodes – Data Exchange.
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GAIA-X Federation Services

GAIA-X identifies the minimum technical requirements and services necessary to operate the Federated GAIA-X
Ecosystem. The development of these services will follow the principles of Security-by-Design and also include
the concept of Privacy-by-Design.
Source: GAIA-X Federation Services Project Consortium (2020).
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IDS-based DIN SPEC 27070Source: DIN SPEC 27070 (2020).
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Integration

Data Ecosystem

DATA
PROVIDER

Identity & Trust• Identity provider• Certificate Authorities, PKI Services

Federated Catalogue• Data Catalogue: Meta Data Broker• Self-Descriptions• Connector Ontologies

Data

Data

Data

Data

Identity
Provider

Data

Data

Data Sharing

DAPS

BROKERSERVICEPROVIDERDATACONSUMERIDS
CONNECTORIDSCONNECTOR

Data Processingor Storage Service

Data Processingor Storage ServiceIDSConnector

Node1

NodeNode2

Infrastructure Ecosystem
Source: Spiekermann (2020).

publicCompliance
Certification Body
• Governance
CERTIFICATIONBODYVOCABULARYPROVIDER

APP STOREPROVIDER

UsageControl

Sovereign Data Exchange• Data Usage Policies• Trusted Environment•

Interconnect© Fraunhofer ISST · 11

CLEARINGHOUSE

SERVICEPROVIDERAPP
PROVIDERGAIA-X and IDSIDS Status of Work Overview◼ Deliverables◼ Specifications◼ Reference Architecture Model (V3) (→ DIN SPEC 2070 → ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27/WG 4)◼ Certification Criteria◼ Trust Anchor◼ Certification Process◼ Digital Certificates/Tokens◼ Open Source Software Repository (→ IDS-G)◼ Dissemination and Transfer◼ Launching Coalition (20+ concrete realization projects)◼ Plugfest◼ Integration Camp

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GAIA-X Roadmap

Source: GAIA-X Founding Members (2020).
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Key Success Factors◼ Combined Funding Model◼ Combination of Public and Private Sources◼ Combination of EU and Members States Engagement◼ Incentive Systems◼ »Quid pro quo« Principle◼ From Payers to Shareholders◼ Creation and Adoption◼ Cooperative Operation Models◼ Standards in the European Single Market◼ Low entry barriers◼ Adoption in public tenders© Fraunhofer ISST · 15

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Collaboration Opportunities with Japan◼ Standardization◼ DIN SPEC 27070 → ISO◼ W3C (e.g. w/ regard to ODRL)◼ Vocabularies (e.g. for Industrie 4.0)
◼ Global Data Value Chains◼ Carbon Footprint Transparency◼ Supply Chain Planning◼ Financial Supply Chain Management◼ …
◼ Liaisons and MoUs

Legend: ODRL - Open Digital Rights Language;; MoU – Memorandum of Understaind.
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publicPRINCIPLES OF A TRUSTED DATA INFRASTRUCTURE:
GERMAN, EUROPEAN, AND JAPANESE PERSPECTIVES
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Boris Otto  RRI Symposium  14 October 2020

© Fraunhofer ISST · 17public