外

（令和

）年度

月

日［

分］◎

国

語

（英

注

語）

意

．監督者の指示があるまで問題を見ないこと。
．声を出して問題を読まないこと。
．問題は

ページ、

から

まである。

．問題や解答用紙に落丁、乱丁、汚損あるいは印刷不鮮明の箇所があれば、手をあげて監督者に申し出ること。
．解答は必ず鉛筆を使用し、解答用紙に記入すること。
．解答は解答用紙の解答欄の記号にマークすること。
．訂正箇所は、消しゴムできれいに消すこと。
．解答欄には、関係のない符号や文字あるいはメモなどを記入しないこと。
．解答用紙を折ったり汚したりしないこと。
．問題用紙は持ち帰ること。

意味の通る文法的に正しい文を完成させるのにもっとも適切なものを選びなさ
い。
［各

点］

．Education not only（）and livelihoods but also develops our

personalities.
Ａ．provides us with jobs

Ｂ．provides us to jobs

Ｃ．provides jobs of us

Ｄ．provides jobs on us．
（）like toilet paper is a good way to help the environment.

Ａ．To buy recycling products

Ｂ．Buying recycled products

Ｃ．To buy products in recycling

Ｄ．Buying to recycle products．Simon（）the answer to a riddle that nobody had ever solved.

Ａ．locked out

Ｂ．worked out

Ｃ．moved out．My mother warned my big brother to keep an（
Ａ．observation

Ｂ．eye

Ｃ．optic

Ｄ．hit out

）on me.
Ｄ．organ．Any science that is concerned with living things is described as（）.
Ａ．biology

Ｂ．biography

Ｃ．philosophy

Ｄ．geology．A message pops up showing there’s no more storage space（on my phone.
Ａ．impossible

Ｂ．believable◎

Ｃ．acceptable

Ｄ．available）

．Sharon was（）of her son when he hit a home run in the

baseball game.
Ａ．moved

Ｂ．relatedＣ．suitable

Ｄ．proud．Some people don’t want to share their food, and（Ａ．neither do I

Ｂ．either do I

Ｃ．so do I

Ｄ．I do so）.

．By looking into his eyes carefully, I tried to read（）thought.

Ａ．every little his

Ｂ．every his little

Ｃ．his little every

Ｄ．his every little．Roads built through an area of habitat（）the movements ofherds of animals.
Ａ．interact

Ｂ．inject

Ｃ．interrupt．If we introduce technology in the game, we（Ｄ．instruct）as well dowithout a referee.
Ａ．mustＢ．would．The speaker was（Ｃ．cannotＤ．might）ever, except on one point.

Ａ．so convincing forＢ．the most convincing ofＣ．as convincing as

Ｄ．more convincing for．The game was so one-sided that it does not（）detaileddescription.
Ａ．meritＢ．succeed

Ｃ．fail◎Ｄ．confirm

．We tried to（）the crying baby with toys but it didn’t reallyhelp.
Ａ．acquaint．The（

Ｂ．convince

Ｃ．sootheＤ．credit）similarities between Bruegel’s work and that of his sonlead to confusion.
Ａ．lightening

Ｂ．lackingＣ．striking

Ｄ．agreeing．If you are about to fall on ice, your natural reaction may be to use
your arms to（）yourself.

Ａ．hurtＢ．confide

Ｃ．findＤ．catch．The shock we felt at the sight of the plane crash was（）

description.
Ａ．up

Ｂ．overＣ．beyond

Ｄ．above．The blood pressure measurement in my right arm is different from（）in my left.
Ａ．one

Ｂ．it

．The old bridge proved（

Ｃ．thatＤ．this）to strong winds and is considered

unstable.
Ａ．prosperous

Ｂ．vulnerable．The lowest scores of（Ｃ．destructive

Ｄ．resistant）satisfaction are found in the mosteducated employees.
Ａ．job

Ｂ．dutyＣ．profession◎

Ｄ．trade．Excuse me, Mr. Gorton. I was（
Ａ．wishing．Please（Ｂ．imagining）if you could do me a favor.
Ｃ．guessing

Ｄ．wondering）the previous email, and use this attached noticeinstead.
Ａ．handle

Ｂ．submit

Ｃ．post◎Ｄ．ignore語句を並べ替えてもっとも自然な英文を完成させ、番目と番目に入れるものの記号を書きなさい。ただし、文頭に来る語も小文字にしてある。
［各

．No（

（
）

）George（

）to（

）
（

）
（

点］

）he

went to his room for a nap.
Ａ．checked in

Ｂ．had

Ｃ．hotelＤ．soonerＥ．thanＦ．the．It seems we’ve lost our way. Could you（
（

（
）

（
）

）
（

Ｂ．to

Ｃ．to getＤ．tell us

Ｅ．way

Ｆ．which

（
）

（
）

（
）

）
（

）
（

Ａ．for

Ｂ．granted

Ｃ．he’llＤ．it

Ｅ．agreeＦ．that．I proposed that（

（
）

（
）

）
（

（
）

）with us.

）（Ａ．someＢ．the rules

Ｃ．changes

Ｄ．to

Ｅ．we

Ｆ．make．Manyanimal（））to the station?

Ａ．take．We take（

）
（

）
（

）
（

）
（

）
（

environmental destruction.
Ａ．about

Ｂ．are

Ｃ．die out

Ｄ．due

Ｅ．species

Ｆ．to

◎

）
（

）.

）to

．I shall（（）believe it（

）I（

）
（

）to the）.
Ａ．continue

Ｂ．contrary

Ｃ．haveＤ．proofＥ．to

Ｆ．until

．
（
（

（
）

）the never-ending electronic developments that make（
（
）

（
）

（
）

）

）
, basic privacy is probably a thing of

the past.
Ａ．easier

Ｂ．given

Ｃ．it

Ｄ．to

Ｅ．peep into

Ｆ．personal lives．Is there anything（

（
）

（
）

（
）

）
（

Ａ．do

Ｂ．elseＣ．me

Ｄ．to

Ｅ．wantＦ．you．When you encounter a word（（）

should look（

（
）

）
（

）
（

）
（

Ｂ．it

Ｃ．meaning

Ｄ．up

Ｅ．whose

Ｆ．you

）
（

）, you）in a dictionary.

Ａ．don’t know

．Could（

）?

）
（

）
（

）
（

）
（

number I’m going to tell you?
Ａ．you

Ｂ．backＣ．me

Ｄ．callＥ．I

Ｆ．have

◎

）at

the

．One of the students（
（

（
）

）
（

）a cold and（（））home for a day.

Ａ．to

Ｂ．withＣ．had

Ｄ．downＥ．stayＦ．came．There

is（

（
）

（
）

（
）

）
（

）
（

）, so

must be ready!
Ａ．telling

Ｂ．strike

Ｃ．inspiration

Ｄ．whenＥ．will

Ｆ．no

◎

）

you

次のページに進みなさい◎次の文章を筋の通ったものにするために、枠内にあるＡ〜Ｄからもっとも適切なものを選び（［各）の中に入れなさい。（＊印の語（句）は注を参照のこと）

点］（Ａ）
Ａ．Annually, the first day of July is the official day when Mt. Fuji
opens for climbers.
Ｂ．However, during the Edo period, women were not allowed toclimb divine mountains.
Ｃ．Stonemarkersonthemoundsindicateeachstation’s

corresponding height on the actual mountain.
Ｄ．Legend says that the Fuji-ko group was established in the late
16th century by Hasegawa Kakugyo.

Have you ever seen a miniature replica* of Mt. Fuji in the middleof Tokyo or in the surrounding Kanto Plain region? Even in busy andcrowded downtown Shinjuku, there are several replicas of Mt. Fuji.
These replicas are called Fujizuka, which means “Fuji mound.” These
man-made mounds often include lava* and rocks from Mt. Fuji. Just likeMt. Fuji, they even have nine stations and a peak.（ ⑴ ）Fujizuka mounds were constructed by groups called Fuji-ko, who
believed that Mt. Fuji was a sacred mountain home to native Japanese
gods and that it was a place to experience purification.（ ⑵ ）Heclimbed the mountain numerous times and performed lengthy fasts for
purification. He lived a spiritual life at the foot of the mountain, andthe cave where he stayed became a holy place for believers doing
pilgrimages.
Later during the mid-Edo period, groups of Fuji-ko believers grew◎

rapidly in strength after one Fuji-ko believer, a merchant named Jikigyo
Miroku, predicted his own death following a 35-day fast on Mt. Fuji.
After Miroku’s death in 1733, climbing Mt. Fuji at least once in one’s
life for purification became a goal for many Japanese in the Kanto area.
（⑶）Those who were sick or elderly could not make the difficult

climb either. In response to this, many Fuji-ko groups constructed theirown Mt. Fuji mounds, positioned so that from the replica’s peak, every
believer could see the real Mt. Fuji.
（⑷）On this day, Fuji-ko believers still continue the tradition ofclimbing Fujizuka to worship the gods and to purify themselves.

［注］replica: 複製

lava: 溶岩◎（Ｂ）

Ａ．Many New Zealanders preferred to keep the current flag designout of respect for the country’s traditions and history.
Ｂ．The process of proposing new alternative flags took 10 months
and cost around 27 million NZ dollars.
Ｃ．However, many New Zealanders criticized Prime Minister Key
for wasting so much time and money on the flag issue.
Ｄ．The prime minister had several reasons for why he thought it
was a good idea to create something new.

In 2016, New Zealand held a national vote on whether to change its
national flag. The country’s prime minister at the time, John Key, was astrong supporter of creating a new national flag.
（⑸）He pointed out, for example, that the New Zealand flag

looked too much like the national flag of Australia and that it wasnecessary for New Zealand to have a more unique symbol of the country.
Another reason to change the flag, according to Key and others, wasthat a new flag could better represent the diversity of the country.
Prime Minister Key, along with many other people, liked a flag
design with a silver fern* leaf. The silver fern is already used in the
artwork on New Zealand passports and on the uniforms of the famous
All Blacks national rugby team.
The opponents of changing the flag offered various reasons.（ ⑹ ）They thought it was a bad idea to change a flag that had been thesymbol of the country for many years. Another reason was that it would
be expensive to choose a new flag and then replace all of the existing
national flags with it.

◎

（

⑺

）But in the end, John Key’s dream of changing the national

flag did not come true. In the final vote, 56% of New Zealanders choseto keep the current flag rather than adopt the silver fern design.
Prime Minister Key said that he was a “bit disappointed” by the
results of the vote. But he said that the process of considering a newflag led to a valuable debate about what New Zealand stands for.
（⑻）

Some New Zealanders still want to create a new national flag, but
it seems likely that the existing flag will continue to be used for many
years.

［注］silver fern: ニュージーランド原産のシダの一種◎

次の英文を読んで、質問に答えなさい。（＊印の語（句）は注を参考にするこ
と）
［各

点］

（Ａ）In the 1950s, an Italian-American scientist named Enrico Fermi
was talking with a group of friends about aliens. They had been joking
about recent UFO reports. None of them believed these reports were real
spaceships being piloted by aliens from another planet. However, during
lunch, Fermi suddenly asked, “But where are they?” He was not thefirst or the last to wonder why we have not seen or heard from alien
life, but his name has become attached to the question. People now callthis problem the Fermi Paradox.
As humans, we

are

only

beginningtosearch

the

stars

for

intelligent life. But the universe is over 13 billion years old, and ourgalaxy alone has 200 billion to 400 billion stars. Considering that we
now know that rocky planets like Earth are relatively common, it seems
to suggest that life should also be common. It is easy to assume,
therefore, that intelligent life is also common. But if that is the case,there should be thousands, or even hundreds of thousands, of planetswith intelligent life. So why haven’t we found them? Why haven’t weheard signals from the stars, seen alien spaceships or found alien objects
here on Earth? The question is not a trivial one. There are two
possibilities

we are either alone in the universe or we are not. But

both possibilities lead to more questions.
There are dozens of theories that try to explain this problem. One
simple explanation is that life is common, but intelligence is not. Other
planets might have animals and plants, but no species capable ofbuilding radios or spaceships. It is possible that becoming a technological
species is so incredibly rare that we are the only ones in our galaxy tohave done it. And if there are others, they are so far away in other◎galaxies that we can’t receive their signals.
Another explanation is what some people call The Great Filter
the theory that any civilization that develops the power to travel to thestars also has enough power to destroy itself or its planet. This theory
suggests that every technological civilization dies, either through accident
or war. And they never have the chance to travel in space or send out
radio signals for a long period of time. With the threat of nuclear
weapons, and the effects of climate change here on Earth, it is an easy
theory to understand.
One more hopeful theory says that maybe we are not listening to
the right signals. Even though humans have been using radio signals tocommunicate for many years, it is possible that advanced civilizations
have learned other methods of communication that we do not yet
understand. Space could be full of signals that we cannot see or do notrecognize as signs of intelligence. The list of theories goes on. But only
time will answer the mystery of the Fermi Paradox, and why ouruniverse seems to be so very quiet and lonely.

．この英文の主題は次のどれか。
Ａ．フェルミのパラドックスに対する可能な説明。
Ｂ．知的生命体を探し出す方法とその試み。
Ｃ．エンリコ・フェルミが論じた宇宙の全体像。
Ｄ．他の星への接触方法と宇宙旅行の可能性。

．本文の内容と一致するものはどれか。
Ａ．エンリコ・フェルミはＵＦＯを見たことがあると主張した。
Ｂ．宇宙にはおよそ億もの星が存在している。

Ｃ．知的生命体は、宇宙においてまれな存在であるかもしれない。
Ｄ．フェルミのパラドックスは年代に解決された。

◎

（Ｂ）Creating a home garden is a satisfying way to have fresh fruits,
vegetables and herbs around the year. Such gardens are often dependent
on space and climate. Two of the most convenient ways of setting up aless dependent garden are raised bed gardening and container gardening.
A raised bed garden is a good option if you have a backyard withsome room in which to move around. To create a raised bed garden,
first plan your garden landscape by tracing out the perimeter* of yourplant beds with stakes and twine. Next, to a height of 40-80 centimeters,build the sides of the beds, and using a shovel or hoe*, loosen the preexisting soil within the bed. Add new soil to the bed until it reaches
about 20 centimeters from the top.
When planting, create rows or sections for each kind of plant.
Tomatoes, peppers and zucchini are examples of plants that grow very
well in a raised bed garden. You can plant seeds into the beds or use
young plants purchased from a garden shop. It is important to do alittle research before planting because each plant has different spacing,lighting and water requirements. Tomatoes, for example, like a lot ofsun, while most types of lettuce prefer lots of shade and moisture. Some
plants require structural support to grow effectively. Cucumbers, beansand peas are examples of plants that can climb and do best withsupport. These plants spread out, so they require more space. Creating afence or a tower of sticks for these plants to climb toward the sunlightwill save space and make harvesting easier. Tomato plants commonly
need cages to help support their weight.
If you have the space, a great addition to your raised bed garden
is a compost pile. Block off a small space near your garden and throw
kitchen and other organic waste there throughout the year. Examples
include eggshells, banana peels and lemon rinds*. Avoid adding coffee,
tea, oil, meat or dairy products and animal or human feces* to your pile.

◎

The compost will break down over time and become a powerful fertilizer
for your garden.
If you don’t have space for raised bed gardening, you can try using
pots. This is called container gardening. Tomatoes and lettuce, forexample, grow well in containers that will fit on an outdoor deck or
porch. Herbs grow well indoors, making fresh herbs easily accessible tothe home cook. Rosemary, chives and mint are examples of herbs that
can

grow

indoorsaroundtheyear.

Regularly

addingfertilizer

tocontainer plants is a good idea because the soil can become depleted ofnutrients more quickly than that for garden-grown plants.
When growing plants outdoors, both raised bed and container
gardening should be done during seasons when the temperatures arewarm enough to support the plants. If temperatures at the end of thegrowing season drop to zero degrees Celsius or below, plants need to becovered or brought indoors to prevent damage from frost.

［注］perimeter: 外周

hoe: くわrind:（固い）皮

feces: 排泄物．この英文の主題は次のどれか。
Ａ．家庭菜園に適した植物の選び方。
Ｂ．家庭菜園で用いる肥料の作り方と使い方。
Ｃ．気温に合わせて家庭菜園を維持する際の注意点。
Ｄ．自宅のスペースに合わせて家庭菜園を作る方法。

．本文の内容と一致するのは次のどれか。
Ａ．寒冷地では、氷点下に耐えられる植物を植えるべきである。
Ｂ．鉢植えの植物には肥料を使用すべきでない。
Ｃ．トマトとレタスは、鉢植えでも問題なく育てることができる。
Ｄ．レタスは日なたで、トマトは日陰でよく育つ。

◎

次の英文を読んで、質問に答えなさい。（＊印の語（句）は注を参考にするこ
と）
［各

点］

（Ａ）The King James Bible, published over 400 years ago, is an English
translation of the Bible. Since that time, around one billion copies of thebook have been sold, making it the best-selling English book of all time.
But perhaps the most impressive thing about the translation is how
much it has influenced English.
Many words and expressions in everyday use today first appearedin the King James Bible. One obvious reason for the enormous impact of
this book is that it was read out loud in churches every week, so evenpeople who couldn’t read were familiar with it. Also, unlike a book aperson might read just once or twice, the Bible was a book that someread almost every day.
Fifty-four people, divided into six nine-person groups, were involvedin the translation, which was published in 1611. Normally, so manytranslators working together might result in confusion and a mixture ofstyles. But somehow, over the seven-year project, they all worked welltogether and created beautifully flowing English. One reason people
loved reading it was that it sounded a bit exotic. The ending “eth” wasplaced at the end of verbs

for example, “flourisheth” instead of“flourish.” This added a feeling of spiritual mystery to the experience of
having the Bible read or reading it themselves.
The influence of the King James Bible was not limited to England.
It later widely influenced Americans, too. Great political leaders who
were famous for their speeches, such as Abraham Lincoln and Martin
Luther King, Jr., were faithful readers of the King James Bible, andoften borrowed expressions from it.

◎

．What would be the best title for this passage?
Ａ．A Bible that Changed the Way We Use English
Ｂ．How Religion Changed the Way English People Think
Ｃ．The Most Accurate Translation of the Bible Ever Created
Ｄ．Fifty-Four Translators Who Studied the King James Bible．According to the passage, which of the following is true about theKing James Bible?
Ａ．It was influenced by speeches given by famous politicians.
Ｂ．More copies of it were sold than Bibles in other languages.
Ｃ．People were influenced by it from hearing it read at church.
Ｄ．Many people contributed to its plain wording.

◎（Ｂ）What is the densest place in the world? You might think of the
Vatican City, or cities like New York, Tokyo or Mumbai. However, in1987 over 50,000 people lived in an area about the size of six soccer
fields. This place was called Kowloon Walled City and it was an
enclave* in Hong Kong.
It was built on an old fort. Kowloon Walled City was completely
unplanned with buildings built on top of each other at random.
Staircases and corridors were built to connect the small apartments. The
rooftops of the walled city were filled with antennae, clothes lines andrubbish but were also a place people could relax and see the sun. The
city had been built up so high and dense that it was dark most of thetime. The Hong Kong government did provide electricity, water and mail,but the city itself didn’t have any police, firefighters or public schools.
However, people living in the city looked after each other. There wereschools, doctors, dentists and other types of services, all provided forlittle money, even if the people didn’t have the correct qualifications.
Kowloon Walled City had a history of crime, and many criminals
ran from Hong Kong to the safety of the walled city as it had no police.
Even though the crime levels were very high, especially in the 1970s,
most people were law-abiding* and worked together to help each other.
Some argue that the walled city was an example of how people canwork together to achieve great things. The residents came up withintelligent solutions to problems and created a city that was selfsufficient without guidance or an overall plan.
In the 1980s, both the British and Chinese governments wanted
the city to be demolished. So, they gave $350 million in compensation toresidents and businesses and forced them out of the city. In 1993 thecity was finally demolished and turned into a park.

◎

［注］enclave: 居住区

law-abiding: 法律を守る．What is the main idea of this passage?
Ａ．There are several reasons why Kowloon Walled City had so muchcrime.
Ｂ．People in Kowloon Walled City wanted to be part of Hong Kong.
Ｃ．Kowloon Walled City was a difficult place to live but people
survived.
Ｄ．There were too many challenges for people living in Kowloon
Walled City.

．According to the passage, which of the following is true?
Ａ．Kowloon Walled City was a place controlled by criminals.
Ｂ．Kowloon

Walled

City

is

still

a

problemfortheChinesegovernment today.
Ｃ．Kowloon Walled City did not have any doctors, dentists, electricity
or water.
Ｄ．The roofs were a place to get some light and space in Kowloon
Walled City.

◎（Ｃ）If you had to communicate with somebody a long way away, what
would you do? What if you didn’t have modern day technology such as
mobile phones and the Internet? One way that has been used for many
years is Morse code. Morse code was named after Samuel Morse（17911872）, an American painter and inventor. Before becoming an inventor,
Samuel Morse was a portrait painter with a well-established reputation.
In his middle age, he first invented the telegraph and later helped toinvent Morse code, which used the telegraph system. The telegraph was
the first system of long-distance electrical communication. Telegraphcomes from the Greek words “tele” meaning far and “graph” whichmeans writing.
Morse code is a way of communicating using only two types ofsignals. These are usually called dots and dashes. Dots are very shortand dashes are longer. With these two signals the entire alphabet canbe represented. For example, the letter “B” is one dash and then threedots. Additionally, Morse code was designed so that the most usedletters have the shortest sounds. For example, the most used letter inthe English alphabet “E” is only one dot. In English, words have spaces
between them so in Morse code a space is no sound for the time ofthree dots. Because many non-English languages use other alphabets,
separate Morse alphabets have been developed for those languages.
One of the great advantages of Morse code is that it can be usedin just about any circumstance. It works as long as it is possible tocreate a signal of some sort, whether that be written, flashing a light（used often on ships）, or even just tapping on something. Morse code’s
flexibility to be used in almost any way is one of the reasons it isconsidered an important part of training for soldiers. Morse code wasfamously used by an American prisoner in North Korea to tell people◎

back in the USA that he was being tortured. Morse code was also used
extensively during World War Ⅱ, in the Vietnam and Korean wars, andremained the standard way for ocean communication until 1999.
Obviously, language can still be a barrier, which is why a number ofcommon words are considered key parts of Morse code. The most famousof these is “SOS,” designed as a universal distress signal by the German
government in 1905. While many people have tried to give meaning to
the acronym*, the SOS Morse code was actually just chosen for its
simplicity, as it is only three dots, three dashes and three more dots.
Modern technology has reduced the need to learn and use Morsecode, but it still has the potential to be useful in severe or remote
circumstances. It remains popular among amateur radio operators andhas even proven an effective form of communication for those who can’t
speak due to illness.

［注］acronym: 頭字語．What is the main topic of this passage?
Ａ．How language is made from Morse code.
Ｂ．The inventor of Morse code.
Ｃ．How Morse code works and its uses.
Ｄ．The links between the army and Morse code.

．According to the passage, which of the following is true?
Ａ．Morse code is made from two signals usually called dots andflashes.
Ｂ．Morse code is used with many languages except for English.
Ｃ．Morse code has been a standard way of remote communication
since 1999.
Ｄ．Morse code has been used by armies in several different wars.

◎

外国語（英語）解答用紙

1

1

A

B C D

1

A

B C D

2

A

B C D

1

A

B C D E

（ 2 ）
F

A

B C D E

F

2

A

B C D

3

A

B C D

2

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

3

A

B C D

4

A

B C D

3

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

4

A

B C D

5

A

B C D

4

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

5

A

B C D

6

A

B C D

5

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

6

A

B C D

7

A

B C D

6

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

7

A

B C D

8

A

B C D

7

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

8

A

B C D

9

A

B C D

8

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

10

A

B C D

9

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

11

A

B C D

10

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

12

A

B C D

11

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

13

A

B C D

12

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

14

A

B C D

15

A

B C D

16

A

B C D

17

A

B C D

18

A

B C D

19

A

B C D

20

A

B C D

21

A

B C D

22

A

B C D

2

1

A

B C D

1

A

B C D

2

A

B C D

2

A

B C D

3

A

B C D

3

A

B C D

4

A

B C D

4

A

B C D

5

A

B C D

6

A

B C D

12点

（ 5 ）

24点

22点

4

3日［◎］

5

18点

3

24点