International Commission on
Radiological Protection2010 Annual Reportwww.icrp.org

ICRP 2010 Annual Report
ICRP reference 4812-3000-2698
2011-08-09© 2011 ICRPTable of Contents
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. i
Chair‟s Foreword ............................................................................................................. iii
The International Commission on Radiological Protection .............................................. 1
Structure ...................................................................................................................... 1
Membership ................................................................................................................. 2
The Work of ICRP........................................................................................................ 2
Meetings ...................................................................................................................... 4
Finances ...................................................................................................................... 4
The Work Programme of ICRP and Its Committees ........................................................ 5
Main Commission ........................................................................................................ 5
Scientific Secretariat .................................................................................................... 6
Committee 1 (Radiation Effects) .................................................................................. 7
Committee 2 (Doses from Radiation Exposures) ....................................................... 10
Committee 3 (Protection in Medicine) ........................................................................ 13
Committee 4 (Application of the Commission‟s Recommendations).......................... 16
Committee 5 (Protection of the Environment) ............................................................ 21
ICRP Publications in 2010............................................................................................. 24
ICRP Publication 111: Application of the Commission's Recommendations to theProtection of People Living in Long-term Contaminated Areas after a Nuclear
Accident or a Radiation Emergency........................................................................... 24
ICRP Publication 112: Preventing Accidental Exposures from New External Beam
Radiation Therapy Technologies ............................................................................... 25
ICRU Report 84 (prepared jointly with ICRP): Reference Data for the Validation of
Doses from Cosmic Radiation Exposure of Aircraft Crew .......................................... 26
Obtaining ICRP Publications ......................................................................................... 28
Americas.................................................................................................................... 28
Europe, Africa, Middle East ....................................................................................... 28
Asia and Australia ...................................................................................................... 28
Japan ......................................................................................................................... 29
ICRP Membership as of December 31, 2010 ................................................................ 30i

Main Commission ...................................................................................................... 30
Scientific Secretariat .................................................................................................. 30
Committee 1 (Radiation Effects) ................................................................................ 30
Committee 2 (Doses from Radiation Exposures) ....................................................... 30
Committee 3 (Protection in Medicine) ........................................................................ 31
Committee 4 (Application of the Commission‟s Recommendations).......................... 31
Committee 5 (Protection of the Environment) ............................................................ 31
Summary Financial Information 2006-2010................................................................... 32
Organisations Providing Grants to ICRP in 2010 .......................................................... 33
Contact Information ....................................................................................................... 34ii

Chair’s Foreword
In 2010, ICRP continued its fundamental work ofrefining, further elaborating and supporting the
System of Radiological Protection based on thefirm foundation of ICRP Publication 103, The
2007
RecommendationsofRadiologicalProtection.
During the year, the following
publications were released: ICRP Publication
111,
ApplicationoftheCommission‟s
Recommendations to the Protection of People
Living in Long-term Contaminated Areas after a
Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency;
ICRP Publication 112, Preventing Accidental
Exposures from New External Beam Radiation
Therapy Technologies (a follow-up from ICRP
Publication 86 to reflect the advances in modern radiation therapy techniques); andICRU Report 84 (prepared jointly with ICRP), Reference Data for the Validation of
Doses from Cosmic Radiation Exposure of Aircraft Crew. The five ICRP Committees
held separate meetings in Europe, North America and Asia, all working through a very
busy schedule. There have also been several Task Group meetings and extensive
correspondence with significant progress made on many more documents that will be
released in the near future.
2010 was also a time of self-examination for ICRP. An internal review of the structure
and working methods of ICRP was carried out, with input from both members andobserver organisations. This was considered an important contribution with a careful
examination of the mandate and how best to achieve objectives. The review should leadto the development of a Strategic Plan in 2011, but some results were clear: ICRP owes
much of its success over 83 years to its independent status, scientific rigour, and due
attention to conscious value judgements. However, ICRP also recognises thatindependence does not mean isolation and that now, more than ever, ICRP must
continue to work in a transparent manner and in close collaboration with the wide rangeof organisations that have an interest in radiological protection. ICRP must also
continue to attract experts who voluntarily give their time to work for the organisation.
These individuals are world-class professionals from a variety of scientific and policy
backgrounds, and from a range of cultures. This approach should enable ICRP tomaintain its scientific credibility and make value judgements relevant to radiologicalprotection worldwide. These are some of the views that will guide the work of ICRP into
2011 and beyond.
iii

The Main Commission held two meetings during 2010, the first in Suzhou, China in April
and the second in Cape Town, South Africa in November. The Suzhou meeting wasnearing completion as the Eyjafjallajökull volcano erupted in Iceland, causing delay anddisrupted travel plans for all members travelling west, as for millions of other travellers.
Some intrepid and resourceful members arranged circuitous routes home while others
remained at the mercy of the airlines. Comparing notes on experiences proved asource of repeated discussion for many weeks to come. Nevertheless, the meeting had
been a success with a well-attended one day symposium organised by the Chinese
Society of Radiation Protection. Meeting in South Africa in November was designed tostrength links in a part of the world where ICRP currently has little interaction. This wasachieved, again by one day symposia in Cape Town and Pretoria organised by ourhosts, the National Nuclear Regulator with attendance by over 300 participants. These
symposia are practical examples of ICRP meeting with communities in order tostrengthen dissemination of our recommendations and engage professionals in our
work.
This theme will continue in 2011, with a Main Commission meeting and associatedsymposium in Seoul, Korea. However, the flagship of this endeavour will be the ICRP
meeting and symposium to be held in October 2011 in Bethesda, USA. This will be
ICRP‟s first International Symposium on Radiological Protection and will be convened inconjunction with the biennial meeting of the Main Commission and all five standing
Committees. The Symposium will include approximately 100 ICRP Main Commission
and Committee Members and observers and, in addition, is expected to attract several
hundred participants from dozens of countries worldwide. This will be a major milestone
in the history of ICRP, and a cornerstone of the efforts to more fully engage everyone
with an interest in radiological protection.

Dr Claire Cousins
ICRP Chairiv

ICRP Annual Report 2010

The International Commission on RadiologicalProtection
The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is the primaryinternational body in protection against ionising radiation. ICRP is a registered charity
and is thus an independent non-governmental organisation. It was formed in 1928, atthe second International Congress of Radiology, as the „International X-ray and Radium
Committee‟, to advance for the public benefit the science of radiological protection.
ICRP adopted its present name in 1950 to reflect its growing involvement in areas
outside that of occupational exposure in medicine, where it originated.
ICRP provides recommendations and guidance on protection against risks associatedwith exposure to ionising radiation from artificial sources widely used in medicine,
general industry and nuclear enterprises, and from naturally occurring sources. These
recommendations are published on behalf of the ICRP in the Annals of the ICRP. Eachissue provides in-depth coverage of a specific subject area.

Structure
ICRP comprises the Main Commission, Scientific Secretariat, and five standing
committees on: Radiation Effects, Doses from Radiation Exposure, Protection in
Medicine, Application of ICRP Recommendations, and Protection of the Environment.
Task Groups are established as needed to undertake specific work.

The general structure of ICRP

1ICRP Annual Report 2010

The Main Commission and Scientific Secretariat work together to direct, organize, andoversee the work of ICRP. All ICRP reports are approved by the Main Commission prior
to publication.
The Committees advise the Main Commission in their area of expertise. They direct thework of Task Groups, and play an important role in ensuring the quality of ICRP reports.
Task Groups are established to undertake a specific task, normally the production of asingle ICRP publication, and are generally comprised of a mixture of Committee
members and other experts in the field invited to contribute to the work.
Working Parties, less formal than Task Groups, are normally formed of Committee
members to explore particular issues, and are sometimes transformed into Task Groups
if their work is to result in an ICRP publication.
This multi-tier structure provides a rigorous quality management system of peer review
for the production of ICRP publications. Furthermore, before draft ICRP reports areapproved for publication, they are regularly circulated to a number of bodies andindividual experts, and posted for public consultation through the ICRP web site.

Membership
All ICRP members are eminent scientists and policy makers in the field of radiologicalprotection. Members of the Main Commission, Committees, Task Groups, and Working
Parties are volunteers, most whose employers pay for their time and travel expenses towork with ICRP. Some volunteer their time outside of regular work or after retirement.
Members are invited to serve with ICRP based on the skills and knowledge they bring to
the work, and as such do not represent their countries or employers when working withICRP.
The Main Commission, Committees, Task Groups, and Working Parties compriseapproximately 250 members from more than 30 countries.
The Commission and its Committees run for four-year terms beginning July 1st. On
each occasion of a new term, at least three, and not more than five, members of theCommission must be changed. A similar rate of renewal is sought for the Committees.
The current period runs from 2009 July 1st to 2013 June 30th.

The Work of ICRPIn preparing its recommendations, ICRP considers the fundamental principles andquantitative bases upon which appropriate radiation protection measures can beestablished, while leaving to the various national protection bodies the responsibility of2

ICRP Annual Report 2010

formulating the specific advice, codes of practice, or regulations that are best suited to
the needs of their individual countries.
The primary aim of the Commission‟s Recommendations is to contribute to an
appropriate level of protection for people and the environment against the detrimental
effects of radiation exposure without unduly limiting the desirable human actions that
may be associated with such exposure.
This aim cannot be achieved solely on the basis of scientific knowledge on radiation
exposure and its health effects (the purview of the United Nations Scientific Committee
on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, UNSCEAR, and other organisations). It also requiresa model for protecting humans and the environment against radiation.
The Recommendations are based on scientific knowledge and on expert judgement.
Scientific data, such as those concerning health risks attributable to radiation exposure,are a necessary prerequisite, but philosophical and ethical considerations are similarly
necessary, through which societal and economic aspects of protection must be
considered. All of those concerned with radiological protection have to make value
judgements about the relative importance of different kinds of risk and about thebalancing of risks and benefits. In this, radiological protection is no different from otherfields concerned with the control of hazards. The Commission believes that the basis
for, and distinction between, scientific estimations and value judgements should bemade clear whenever possible, so as to increase the transparency, and thus theunderstanding, of how decisions have been reached.
ICRP has published well over one hundred publications on all aspects of radiologicalprotection. Most address a particular area, but a handful of publications, the so-called
fundamental recommendations, describe the overall system of radiological protection.
The system of radiological protection is based on the current understanding of thescience of radiation exposures and effects, and value judgements. These value
judgements take into account societal expectations, ethics, and experience gained inapplication of the system. As science and societal expectations have evolved over time,
so too has the system of radiological protection. The recommendations also continue totake into account novel uses of radiation in medicine and other fields to help ensure anadequate level of protection in all circumstances.
ICRP offers its recommendations to regulatory and advisory agencies and provides
advice the intended to be of help to management and professional staff withresponsibilities for radiological protection. Legislation in most countries adheres closely
to ICRP recommendations. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for
the Safety of Radiation Sources is based heavily on ICRP recommendations, and the3

ICRP Annual Report 2010

International Labour Organisation (ILO) Convention 115, Radiation Protection
Convention, General Observation 1992, refers specifically to the recommendations of
ICRP. ICRP recommendations form the basis of radiological protection standards,
regulations, programmes, and practice worldwide.

The ICRP System of Radiological Protection forms the basis of radiological protection
standards, regulations, programmes and practice world-wide

Meetings
The Commission normally meets once or twice a year. Each Committee meets once ayear. In alternate years an annual meeting of the Commission is normally conductedjointly with all of the Committees. Active Task Groups generally meet annually, while
Working Parties tend to meet in conjunction with Committee meetings.

Finances
The activities of ICRP are financed mainly by voluntary contributions from national andinternational bodies with an interest in radiological protection. Some additional funds
accrue from royalties on ICRP publications. Members‟ institutions also provide in-kind
support to ICRP by making the members‟ time available without charge and, in manycases, by covering their costs of attending ICRP meetings.

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ICRP Annual Report 2010

The Work Programme of ICRP and Its Committees
Main Commission
The Main Commission is responsible for management and oversight of all of thework of the Committees, and approval of all ICRP publications. The sections that
follow, each focusing on one of the five ICRP Committees, describe this work indetail.

The Main Commission in Suzhou, China, April 2010
Main Commission members and the Scientific Secretary continued to play a key role inthe dissemination of information beyond the Annals of the ICRP, through presentations
and discussions at many seminars, meetings, conferences, workshops and otherforums.
Thus, contact was maintained with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), theInternational Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU), theInternational Radiation Protection Association (IRPA), the International Society forRadiology, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD-NEA), the United Nations
Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), The World HealthOrganisation (WHO), the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and the International Standards Organization (ISO),and many other international, regional, and national organisations.

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ICRP Annual Report 2010

ICRP Membership is organised into four-year terms. The current term runs from July 1,
2009 to June 30, 2013. Dr Claire Cousins, consultant vascular radiologist at
Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK, serves as the 12th ICRP Chair since 1928. Dr Cousins is amember of the British Institute of Radiology Radiation Protection Committee and aguest member of the European Society of Radiology Radiation Protection Committee.

Scientific Secretariat
ICRP operates its Scientific Secretariat in Ottawa, Canada, in an office provided as an
in-kind contribution from the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. The seat of ICRP
remains in the United Kingdom where ICRP is an independent Registered Charity.
Christopher Clement serves as the ICRP Scientific Secretary, the 5th since the position
became full-time in 1962 and the 10th since ICRP was first established in 1928. He is
assisted by Lynn Lemaire, Executive Assistant.
As ICRP‟s Chief Executive, Editor of the Annals of the ICRP, and head of the ICRP
Scientific Secretariat, the Scientific Secretary oversees the daily operations of ICRP;
prepares, organizes, and participates in all Main Commission meetings; is directly
involved in aspects of the scientific and policy work of ICRP; often represents ICRP atinternational meetings; speaks on behalf of ICRP at workshops, symposia, and otherforums; responds to requests for information about the work of ICRP; and coordinates
the publication of ICRP reports including working with the authors, final editing of thereports, and various discussions and negotiations with the publisher, Elsevier.

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ICRP Annual Report 2010

Committee 1 (Radiation Effects)
Committee 1 has the responsibility for maintaining under review the biologicaleffects of ionising radiation and developing documents that relate such effects tothe needs of radiological protection. The members have expertise inepidemiology, statistics, medical sciences, animal sciences, cell and molecularbiology, biophysics and genetics. The committee addresses issues of tissue
reactions, risks of cancer and heritable diseases including dose responses,
effects of dose-rate and radiation quality, effects in the embryo/foetus andgenetic factors in radiation response, as well as uncertainties in providing
judgements on radiation-induced health effects. The committee advises the Main
Commission on the biological basis of radiation-induced health effects and how
epidemiological, experimental and theoretical data can be combined to makequantitative judgements on health risks to humans, particularly at low doses, inthe form of detriment-adjusted nominal risk coefficients.

ICRP Committee 1 in Amsterdam, Netherlands, October 2010
Committee 1 considers the approaches used and data input for the estimation of thesenominal risks and detriment for stochastic (cancer and heritable effects) and tissue
reactions (deterministic) effects that are used for radiation protection standards. In
particular, Committee 1 reviews recently published data from radiation epidemiology
studies and new data on molecular and cellular effects of ionizing radiations that are
pertinent to updating the basis for the 2007 Recommendations found in ICRP
Publication 103. This work is undertaken through several Task Groups as described
below.

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ICRP Annual Report 2010

Task Group 63 on Tissue Reactions and Other Non-cancer Effects of Radiation
Chair: Fiona Stewart
This Task Group has revisited the basis and the new data for establishing revised
threshold doses for non-cancer effects. The ICRP has not addressed this issue forabout 30 years and there are some indications that there is a much greater sensitivity
than previously thought for some tissues (e.g., lens of the eye) that must be considered.
This will be a comprehensive review of all major organ systems considering both acuteand chronic exposures for a variety of exposure scenarios.
Task Group 64: Alpha Emitters
Chair: Margot Tirmarche
This Task Group has reviewed the recent reports on epidemiological data pertaining tolung cancer risk for uranium miners and residential radon exposed populations and has
developed a revised detriment-adjusted nominal risk coefficient. A report of the Task
Group on lung cancer and radon has been created. The Task Group is now considering
the cancer risks for alpha emitters other than radon.
Task Group 75: Stem Cell Radiobiology
Chair: Ohtsura Niwa
This Task Group was established in 2007 to review the current state of knowledge ofstem cell biology and radiobiology and the potential impact of stem cell effects onradiation cancer risks. There has been an enormous increase in knowledge of stem cellbiology in the past 3-5 years although much less on radiation effects. The Task Group isreviewing the literature on stem cell radiobiology in relation to cancer risk estimation andto establish how knowledge of stem cell response can address uncertainties in risk
estimation. A comprehensive report that considers stem cells in a range of organs andtissues is in draft form and will be completed within the next year.
Working Party on DDREF
Chair: Julian Preston
This Working Party has continued its development of a short report on the assessmentof DDREF with an emphasis on the selection of data used to support the estimation of
DDREF and the specific model used for its estimation, with an emphasis on Bayesianmodels. The discussions have been led by Dale Preston following the untimely death ofElaine Ron who had chaired the Working Party. The discussions have been facilitatedby use of an extensive review that was developed by SENES Consultants for NIOSH. A
draft report has been developed and is undergoing review and revision. It is anticipatedthat the effort will be completed during the 4th quarter of 2011.

8ICRP Annual Report 2010

Other Review Activities
Committee 1 continues to review the recent literature on a number of topics related to
the 2007 Recommendations in ICRP Publication 103.
Radiation epidemiology

Tissue reactions and non-cancer effects

Susceptible populations

Dosimetry and exposureRadiobiology

Heritable effects



Epigenetics



DNA Repair and non-targeted effects

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ICRP Annual Report 2010

Committee 2 (Doses from Radiation Exposures)
Committee 2 is concerned with the development of dose coefficients for theassessment of internal and external radiation exposure of workers and membersof the public, considering different situations of exposure. This work involves thedevelopment of reference biokinetic and dosimetric models, reference anatomical
models of the human body, and reference anatomical and physiological data.

ICRP Committee 2 in Porto, Portugal, November 2009
Following from the 2007 Recommendations, Committee 2 and its Task Groups areengaged in a substantial programme of work to provide new dose coefficients forvarious circumstances of radiation exposure. The Committee works closely with theInternational Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) and will issue
joint reports as appropriate. The Committee will lead on considerations of the use of theprotection quantities, equivalent and effective dose, and proposals for alternatives
where assessments of individual risk are required. Committee members support thework of the other ICRP Committees, providing members for Task Groups of Committees
1, 3 and 5.
Task Group 2: Internal Dosimetry (INDOS)
Chair: François Paquet
The primary purpose of the ICRP Committee 2 Task Group on Internal Dosimetry(INDOS) is to develop biokinetic models for the behaviour of inhaled and ingested
radionuclides. Biokinetic models for individual elements and their radioisotopes areused to calculate the total number of radioactive decays (transformations) occurring
within specific tissues, organs or body regions (source regions) during a given period oftime (usually to age 70). Dosimetric models are then used to calculate the deposition of

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ICRP Annual Report 2010energy in all important organs/tissues (targets) for emissions in each source region, andhence absorbed, equivalent and effective dose. All dose coefficients require revision
following the changes made in the 2007 Recommendations. In addition to the changes
in dosimetry discussed above, the opportunity is being taken to update biokinetic
models for the new calculations. Doses will be calculated using the ICRP Publication
100 Human Alimentary Tract Model and changes will be made to the ICRP Human
Respiratory Tract Model to take account of more recent data. In addition, revisions arebeing made to many models for the systemic behaviour of individual elements following
absorption to blood, making them more physiologically realistic. Work continues on aseries of reports to replace ICRP Publications 30 and 68 on doses to workers. These
reports will provide data for the interpretation of bioassay measurements as well as
giving dose coefficients. Attention will then be focussed on dose to members of the
public.
Task Group 4: Dose Calculations (DOCAL)
Chair: Professor Wesley Bolch
DOCAL is responsible for developing methods, computational models, and associatedreference data for the calculation of absorbed, equivalent, and effective doses from both
external and internal sources of radiation. Following the modifications of tissue andradiation weighting factors in ICRP Publication 103 and the release of ICRP Publication
110 Adult Reference Computational Phantoms, a major focus of DOCAL activities thispast year was to assemble new reference data on external radiation dose coefficientsusing the revised values of the weighting factors and the ICRP adult referencecomputational phantoms. A subset of these data has been provided to a joint
ICRP/ICRU Task Group of on radiation doses to aircraft crew and DOCAL also provided
calculational support to the Task Group on Radiation Protection in Space. Progress isbeing made on improving skeletal dosimetry using paired macro- and micro-CT images
to define dose delivery within target regions of red bone marrow and bone endosteum.
DOCAL continues to develop paediatric phantoms for use by Committees 2 and 3 indose assessments for both environmental and medical exposures. The Task Group is
working closely with the Task Group on Internal Dosimetry (INDOS) on the generationof dose coefficients for the upcoming Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides (OIR)
report.
Task Group 67: Radiation Exposures of Astronauts in Space
Chair: Günther Dietze
This Task Group is concerned with the exposure of astronauts on space missions. The
complex radiation fields in space include very high-energy charged particles with manydifferent heavy ions up to nickel-59 from cosmic radiation together with secondary

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particles produced by nuclear reactions in the materials of space vehicles. These fields
are very different from radiation fields on earth. The report will focus on providing dataon the radiation fields, for the assessment of doses to astronauts and will describe
methods of radiation monitoring, of measuring radiation field parameters, and of
individual monitoring of astronauts. The absorbed dose coefficients for organs andtissues of the human body used in the report are being calculated using the new ICRP
reference anatomical models, in cooperation with the DOCAL Task Group.
Task Group 79: The Use of Effective DoseChair: John Harrison
This Task Group will produce a report to provide guidance on when the quantity„effective dose‟ can be used and when it should not. Experience has shown that thequantity „effective dose‟ which has been defined and introduced by ICRP for risk
management purposes, i.e. for risk limitation and optimization, is widely used inradiological protection and related fields beyond its original purpose, incorrectly in somecases. Useful guidance on restrictions on the use of the quantity is provided byCommittee 2 in annex B to the main recommendations. This guidance needs to befurther expanded, and proposals made for the control of exposures and risk
management in situations where „effective dose‟ should not be used. Specific advice on
the use of dose coefficients may also be given.
An important focus of the report will be medical exposures. The use of „effective dose‟for patient exposures is problematic particularly when it is used to assess risk in specificindividuals, including children. However, effective dose may be a useful tool forcomparisons of, for example, different diagnostic examinations and interventional
procedures, the use of different technologies for the same medical examinations, andthe use of similar technologies and procedures in different hospitals and countries.

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ICRP Annual Report 2010

Committee 3 (Protection in Medicine)Committee 3 is concerned with protection of persons and unborn children when
ionising radiation is used for medical diagnosis, therapy, or for biomedical
research; also, assessment of the medical consequences of accidental
exposures.

ICRP Committee 3 in Hong Kong, China, October 2010
Committee 3 evaluates aspects of radiological protection relevant to medicine with ongoing Task Groups and Working Parties as described below.
Donald Miller and Lawrence Dauer became members of Committee 3 in 2010.
ICRP Publication 112 on Preventing Accidental Exposures from New External Beam
Radiation Therapy Technologies was published in 2010. Educational material
containing power point slides in English and Spanish was provided on ICRP website.
Task Group 36: Doses to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals
Chair: Sören Mattsson
Dose coefficients for the new computational phantoms for adults and children from
DOCAL are being completed. A number of options were discussed for dissemination ofmaterial. These included making free use via the ICRP website of a newly developed
viewer for indexing the document available on the ICRP website with provision to allow
a subscription to use a viewer for indexing and retrieval of available information. It is
assumed that the user will have access to the documents via subscription from Elsevier
or via local libraries. Committee 3 approved the biokinetic models for 18F-FLT, -FETand -choline.

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ICRP Annual Report 2010

Task Group 62: Patient and Staff Radiological Protection in Cardiology
Chair: Donald Miller
A draft document prepared by this Task Group initially chaired by Claire Cousins was
further developed under the chairmanship of Donald Miller. The report includes a newchapter on principles of radiological protection and revisions of other chapters.
Development of this document was completed in 2010 with the aim of public
consultation followed by publication in late 2011.
Task Group 70: Secondary Cancer Risk in Modern Radiotherapy: Practical
Recommendations
Chair: Jean-Marc Cosset
The report of this Task Groups is being prepared in collaboration with the International
Commission on Radiological Units and Measurements (ICRU). It describes a variety ofrisk models with respect to secondary cancer in modern radiotherapy.
Task Group 78: Radiological Protection outside the Imaging Department in
Fluoroscopically and Radio-isotopically Guided Procedures
Chair: Madan RehaniThis document covers radiological protection of patients and staff in procedures
performed outside the imaging departments by clinical specialists such as orthopaedic
surgeons, urologists, vascular surgeons, gastroenterologists and others. Developmentof this document was completed in 2010 with the aim of public consultation followed bypublication in late 2011.
Working Party on Education and Training in Radiological Protection for
Diagnostic and Interventional Procedures
Chair: Eliseo Vano
Public consultation on this document being developed by this Working Party resulted inabout 300 comments from 19 individuals and 15 organizations or societies. These
comments were addressed and the document approved for publication. It should beavailable in early 2011.
Working Party on Radiological Protection in Paediatric Diagnostic andInterventional Radiology
Chair: Pek-Lan Khong
This Working Party was previously chaired by Professor Hans Ringertz. Development of
the report on radiological protection in paediatric diagnostic and interventional radiology

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ICRP Annual Report 2010

was completed in 2010 with the aim of public consultation followed by publication in late
2011.
Working Party on Radiological Protection in Ion Beam Therapy
Chair: Yoshiharu YonekuraThis Working Party revised the title of their report to refer to ion beam therapy rather
than charged particle therapy or proton and heavier particle therapy. A final draft of thisreport is expected in 2011, with publication likely in 2012
Working Party on the Use of Ionising Radiation in Imaging of the Asymptomatic
Individual
Chair: Katrine Ahlstrom Riklund
There was considerable discussion on the topic given the lack of evidence available anddifficulties in providing concrete comments on justification. It was felt that the focus
should therefore be on the process of and framework for justification rather thanproviding specific advice or recommendations on justification. The Working Party
decided that a short document of a few pages be prepared in the coming months andcirculated for comments within Committee 3.
Working Party on Follow up of Persons Accidentally Exposed
Chair: Igor Gusev
The efforts of this Working Party were deferred to next year.
Future topics:Occupational protection in brachytherapy, priority 1. Lawrence Dauer (Chair).

Justification: Framework on justification on the use of ionizing radiation in medical
imaging: Priority 1. Hans Ringertz (Chair).



Occupational protection issue in relatively higher exposure situations ininterventional procedures. Awaiting advances and results from the IAEA in
ISEMIR project. Priority 2. Pedro Ortiz-Lopez (Chair).

Radiation protection in cone-beam CT (medical and dental). Priority 1 – Madan
Rehani (Chair).



Review existing documents by the IAEA and others on occupational protection
issues in PET/CT and cyclotron use; decide action. Priority 2- Soren Mattson and
Lawrence Dauer to keep under review.

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ICRP Annual Report 2010

Extending the use of reference levels to interventional radiology, digital radiology
and new technology, priority 2. – wait.

Committee 4 (Application of the Commission’s Recommendations)
ICRP Committee 4 has the responsibility to develop principles, recommendations
and guidance on the protection of man against radiation exposure and to
consider their practical application in the various exposure situations. The
Committee also acts as a major point of contact between the ICRP structure andother international organisations and professional bodies concerned withprotection against ionising radiation.

ICRP Committee 4 in Geneva, Switzerland, November 2010
During the current 4-year term the work of Committee 4 is structured according threepriorities:


To develop advice on the implementation of the new recommendations (ICRP
Publication 103) and to contribute to their dissemination: review and update past
publications, recommendations for the application of the radiological protection
principles in particular exposure situations;To review the ethical and social values underlying the principles and concepts of
the radiation protection system: precautionary principle, tolerability of risk, equity,
sustainable development…



To enhance the dialogue and cooperation with international organisations andprofessional societies.

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In 2010 Committee 4 met in Geneva, Switzerland, November 15 to 19, hosted by theWorld Health Organization (WHO) an official observer organisation to ICRP
Committees.
In addition to reviewing its current programme of work including several draft reports
under preparation the Committee further clarified how the basic radiation protection
principles and the dose criteria apply to the protection of the public and workers
according to the three exposure situations defined in ICRP Publication 103, i.e. planned,
existing and emergency exposure situations. The Committee also considered working
mechanisms to improve in practice its cooperation with the international andprofessional organisations involved as observers.

The implementation of the optimization principle inemergency and existing exposure situations
The program of work of Committee 4 in 2010 is described below.
Task Group 71 on the Protection of the Public and Workers in the Use of Ionizing
Radiation in Screening Activities Applied to Persons and Cargo for Security
Purposes
Chair: Donald A. Cool
Established by the Main Commission in Suzhou in 2010, the Task Group is building on
the results of a former Working Party which reviewed the topic for several years. Its

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objective is to examine how the radiation protection principles recommended by ICRP
should be interpreted and applied within the context of security screening. In particular
the Task Group will discuss how the principles for planned exposure situations,
including optimization with the use of constraints and the concept of limitation apply
within a security screening context. The Task Group will also examine the application of
the Commission‟s recommendations to groups of individuals who may be exposed as aconsequence of cargo screening. These groups may include the occupationally
exposed individuals in set up for use start, operation and maintenance of the screening
equipment, individuals such as drivers, who have been permitted in the cab of thevehicle, and other individuals who may unintentionally be exposed as a “stow-away” in acargo container. The report should be published in 2012.
Task Group 76 on the Application of the Commission’s Recommendations to
NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials)
Chair: Peter Burns
Established by the Main Commission in Berlin in 2007, the Task Group has been relaunched in Porto in 2009 with a refined objective and a new membership. Its objective
is to develop a framework for the practical application of the Commission‟s
recommendations, in particular the optimisation principle, for the protection of workers,
the public and the environment in cases of exposure arising from Naturally Occurring
Radioactive Material (NORM). Taking into account publications and documents of otherinternational organisations, the Task Group report will cover the entire range of activities
associated with the processing, production or use of bulk materials with enhanced
levels of naturally occurring radionuclides, as well as the presence of such materials in
consumer products, particularly in construction materials. The application of such aframework should also be illustrated to a few relevant activities that are currently aconcern (oil, coal, rare earths, and phosphate). The report should be published in 2012.
Task Group 80 on the Application of the Commission’s Recommendations to the
Geological Disposal of Long-lived Solid Radioactive Waste
Chair: Wolfgang Weiss
This Task Group was established by the Main Commission Porto in November 2009. Its
objective is to prepare a publication that describes in plain language and clarifies theapplication of the new recommendations for the protection against occupational andpublic exposures that may result from the geological disposal of long-lived solidradioactive waste. Taking into account previous ICRP recommendations (ICRP
Publications 77 and 81) and relevant materials from international organisations, thepublication will discuss how the key radiological protection principles for planned
exposure situation apply to the successive phases of managing such type of disposal of18

ICRP Annual Report 2010

long-lived solid radioactive waste. It will also address the transition from a planned to an
existing exposure situation in cases of loss of control as well as the applicability of
estimated individual and collective effective doses as a means for making decisions
about the different time scales in the lifetime of a repository. The report should be
published in 2011.
Task Group 81 on the Application of the Commission’s Recommendations toRadon Exposure
Chair: Jean-François Lecomte
In Porto, the Commission established this Task Group on radon exposure. The
objective is to prepare a publication that describes and clarifies the application of the
new recommendations (ICRP Publication 103) for the protection of the public andworkers (notably workers in uranium mines and other mines) against radon and thoron
exposures in dwellings, workplaces and other locations. The publication will discuss inwhich cases exposure to radon is either a planned exposure situation or an existing
exposure situation with the relevant application of the radiological protection principles,
as well as the dosimetric reference and rationale. The publication will also address thesetting of reference levels and dose constraints. The publication will build on theprevious ICRP Publications 65, 101 and 103, the joint C1-C2-C4 report on assessment
and control of lung cancer risk from radon and the November 2009 Commission‟sStatement on radon as well as experience from many countries and organisations. The
report should be published in 2011.
Task Group 83 on the Protection of Aircraft Crew against Cosmic radiation
Exposure
Chair: Jacques Lochard
This Task Group was proposed by the Main Commission in Porto in 2009 and its Termsof Reference approved in Cape Town in 2010. Its objective is to prepare a publicationthat describes and clarifies the application of the new recommendations (ICRP
Publication 103) for the protection of aircrews against cosmic rays. The publication will
discuss the type of exposure situations relevant to control aircrew exposures and theappropriate radiation protection principles to be implemented. Particular attention will begiven to the practical implementation of the optimization principle with the associatedreference levels. The final report is expected in 2012.

19ICRP Annual Report 2010

Working Party on the Concept of Radiation Risk within the System ofRadiological Protection
Chair: Jacques Lochard
This Working Party was created in Porto in November 2009. Its objective is to review
the use of the concept of radiation risk in the evolution of the radiological protection
system. It also will review the related concepts such as detriment and effective doseand clarify the issue of having a prospective view for risk comparison, the influence of
uncertainty of risk as well as the attributability and plausibility of risk.

20

ICRP Annual Report 2010

Committee 5 (Protection of the Environment)
Committee 5 is concerned with radiological protection of the environment. It will
aim to ensure that the development and application of approaches toenvironmental protection are compatible with those for radiological protection ofman, and with those for protection of the environment from other potential
hazards.

ICRP Committee 5 in Vienna, Austria, August 2010
Following the publication of its major document on Reference Animals and Plants (ICRP
Publication 108), Committee 5 continues to consider how this basic information can best
be applied to different exposure situations, and is developing the additional databases
necessary to do so. It is also looking at how the Commission‟s advice might best be
used to satisfy a wide range of environmental protection requirements arising fromregional or national legislation. The science base relating to environmental protection is
also being further reviewed, particularly with regard to radiation weighting factors, and to
the utility of more realistic dosimetry for some biotic types.
Task Group 73 on Environmental Protection: Transfer Parameters for Reference
Animals and Plants
Chair: Per Strand
To estimate exposure of Reference Animals and Plants to ionising radiation models
are usually required simulating the behaviour of radionuclides in the environment.
This Task Group has reviewed existing databases with regard to a wide range oftransfer parameters to estimate the internal and external exposure of the Reference

21

ICRP Annual Report 2010

Animals and Plants. The final report describes the formulation of a database which
has allowed the collation of data on whole body Concentration Ratios. For use with
the Reference Animals and Plants, emphasis has been placed on collating data fromfield studies, although data from laboratory experiments have also been included. The
database is structured in terms of generic wildlife groups, but the data have also been
attributed to the Reference Animals and Plants wherever possible. In this way
Concentration Ratios specifically for the Reference Animals and Plants were extracted
and, in cases where transfer data were lacking, a data-gap filling methodology has
been used to derive suitable surrogate values. Statistical summaries of the datasets
are provided and Concentration Ratio values for 39 element and 12 Reference Animal
and Plant combinations have been reported. The data coverage, reliance on derived
values and applicability of this approach for each of the Reference Animals and Plants
is discussed.
Task Group 69 on Improved Dosimetry for Reference Animals and Plants
Chair: Gerhard Pröhl
This Task Group is examining improved dosimetric models for application to larger
Reference Animals and Plants, including the use of voxel phantoms for organisms
greater than 1kg. A final report is likely to be available for public consultation in
2011.
Task Group 72 on RBE and Reference Animals and Plants
Chair: Kathryn Higley
This Task Group is reviewing the data bases with regard to RBE and the Reference
Animals and Plants, and is examining the potential for the use of radiation weighting
factors to apply to the vertebrate members of the set. A very large data base has
been reviewed and the task is continuing. An initial report is expected at the end of
2011.
Joint C5/C4 Task Group 82 on the Application of the ICRP's Approach toEnvironmental Protection under Different Exposure Situations
Chair: R Jan Pentreath
Although ICRP Publication 103 had introduced a new „environmental protection‟requirement into its Recommendations (following on from ICRP Publication 91), thesubsequent publication of ICRP Publication 108 has now made it necessary todemonstrate, explicitly, how the expanded ICRP framework collectively fits together in a
coherent way. This joint Task Group has produced a draft report which is still underdiscussion. It considers how the subject of protection of the environment fits within theCommission‟s overall framework of Justification, Optimisation of protection, and the22

ICRP Annual Report 2010

application of Dose Limits, and how best to apply it to all three exposure situations via
the derivation of Environmental Reference Levels. Further meetings of the TG will takeplace during 2011 and a draft report will be considered by the MC in October 2011 prior
to it being submitted for public consultation.

23

ICRP Annual Report 2010

ICRP Publications in 2010
ICRP released three reports in 2010, two in the Annals of the ICRP, and one joint
ICRU/ICRP report in the Journal of the ICRU:ICRP Publication 111: Application of the Commission's Recommendations to theProtection of People Living in Long-term Contaminated Areas after a Nuclear
Accident or a Radiation Emergency

ICRP Publication 112: Preventing Accidental Exposures from New External
Beam Radiation Therapy Technologies

ICRU Report 84 (prepared jointly with ICRP): Reference Data for the Validationof Doses from Cosmic Radiation Exposure of Aircraft Crew

In addition, permission was granted for organisations to prepare and distributetranslations of ICRP publications in various languages.
For example, ICRP
Publication 103, The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on
Radiological Protection, is now available for free download from the ICRP web site inmany languages e.g. Chinese, French, German, Italian, Korean, Romanian, Russian,and Spanish. Translation of this publication into other languages is on-going, as istranslation of other ICRP publications. Translated publications are generally madeavailable for free download through the ICRP web site.

ICRP Publication 111: Application of theCommission's Recommendations to theProtection of People Living in Long-term
Contaminated Areas after a Nuclear Accident
or a Radiation Emergency
J. Lochard, I. Bogdevitch, E. Gallego, P. HedemannJensen, A. McEwan, A. Nisbet, A. Oudiz, T.
Schneider, P. Strand, Z. Carr, A. Janssens, T. Lazo
In this report, the Commission provides guidance for theprotection of people living in long-term contaminatedareas resulting from either a nuclear accident or aradiation emergency. The report considers the effects ofsuch events on the affected population. This includes the pathways of human exposure,the types of exposed populations, and the characteristics of exposures. Although thefocus is on radiation protection considerations, the report also recognises thecomplexity of post-accident situations, which cannot be managed without addressing all

24

ICRP Annual Report 2010

the affected domains of daily life, i.e. environmental, health, economic, social,
psychological, cultural, ethical, political, etc. The report explains how the 2007
Recommendations apply to this type of existing exposure situation, including
consideration of the justification and optimisation of protection strategies, and theintroduction and application of a reference level to drive the optimisation process. The
report also considers practical aspects of the implementation of protection strategies,
both by authorities and the affected population. It emphasises the effectiveness of
directly involving the affected population and local professionals in the management of
the situation, and the responsibility of authorities at both national and local levels tocreate the conditions and provide the means favouring the involvement andempowerment of the population. The role of radiation monitoring, health surveillance
and the management of contaminated foodstuffs and other commodities are describedin this perspective. The Annex summarises past experience of long term contaminatedareas resulting from radiation emergencies and nuclear accidents, including radiologicalcriteria followed in carrying out remediation measures.

ICRP Publication 112: Preventing Accidental
Exposures from New External Beam
Radiation Therapy Technologies
P. Ortiz Lopez, J.-M. Cosset, P. Dunscombe,
O. Holmberg, J.-C. Rosenwald, L. Pinillos Ashton,
J.J. Vilaragut Llanes, S. Vatnitsky
Disseminating the knowledge and lessons learned from
accidental exposures is crucial in preventing reoccurrence. This is particularly important in radiation
therapy; the only application of radiation in which very
high radiation doses are deliberately given to patients toachieve cure or palliation of disease.
Lessons from accidental exposures are, therefore, an invaluable resource for revealingvulnerable aspects of the practice of radiotherapy, and for providing guidance for theprevention of future occurrences. These lessons have successfully been applied to
avoid catastrophic events with conventional technologies and techniques.
Recommendations, for example, include the independent verification of beam
calibration and independent calculation of the treatment times and monitor units forexternal beam radiotherapy, and the monitoring of patients and their clothes
immediately after brachytherapy.

25

ICRP Annual Report 2010

New technologies are meant to bring substantial improvement to radiation therapy.
However, this is often achieved with a considerable increase in complexity, which in turnbrings opportunities for new types of human error and problems with equipment.
Dissemination of information on these errors or mistakes as soon as it becomes
available is crucial in radiation therapy with new technologies. In addition, information
on circumstances that almost resulted in serious consequences (near misses) is also
important, as the same type of events may occur elsewhere. Sharing information about
near-misses is thus a complementary important aspect of prevention. Lessons fromretrospective information are provided in Sections 2 and 4 of this report.
Disseminating lessons learned for serious incidents is necessary but not sufficient when
dealing with new technologies. It is of utmost importance to be proactive and continually
strive to answer questions such as „What else can go wrong‟, „How likely is it?‟ and„What kind of cost-effective choices do I have for prevention?‟. These questions are
addressed in Sections 3 and 5 of this report.
Section 6 contains the conclusions and recommendations. This report is expected to bea valuable resource for radiation oncologists, hospital administrators, medical
physicists, technologists, dosimetrists, maintenance engineers, radiation safety
specialists, and regulators. While the report applies specifically to new external beam
therapies, the general principles for prevention are applicable to the broad range ofradiotherapy practices where mistakes could result in serious consequences for thepatient and practitioner.

ICRU Report 84 (prepared jointly with
ICRP): Reference Data for the Validationof Doses from Cosmic Radiation
Exposure of Aircraft Crew
D. Bartlett, H.-G. Menzel, P. Beck, P. Goldhagen,B. Lewis, L. Lindborg, K. O’Brien, H. Schraube,
F. Wissmann
Aircraft crews are exposed to elevated levels of
cosmic radiation of galactic and solar origins andsecondary radiations produced in the atmosphere,
the aircraft, and its contents. The ICRP has
recommended that exposures of aircraft crew tocosmic radiation in the operation of commercial jet aircraft be included as occupational
exposure. The radiation field inside an aircraft is to a large extent uniform, and doses
are generally predictable, with the exception of rare, intense, high energy solar-particle

26

ICRP Annual Report 2010

events. Events comparable to unplanned exposure in other radiation workplaces cannot
normally occur. The routine assessment of annual doses of aircraft crew is based on
calculated values of effective dose rate in conjunction with staff roster information. In
routine radiation protection, traceable measurements are the basis of the overall systemof dose assessment, and it is generally accepted that methods of annual dose
assessment for aircraft crew based on radiation transport calculations of effective dose
rates should be periodically verified by measurement. The purpose of this Report is toprovide reference data derived from measurements against which the results of routine
methods of assessing annual doses using calculations can be compared(benchmarked) for validation purposes. The reference values of ambient dose
equivalent rate for exposure to cosmic radiation of galactic origins in aircraft at aviation
altitudes cover the range of geomagnetic latitudes of relevance, for three different time
periods within the most recently completed solar cycle 23. The relationships between
ambient dose equivalent and effective dose are given, allowing the calculation ofeffective dose from values of ambient dose equivalent. These reference values should
facilitate international harmonization of dose assessments for aircraft crew in terms ofeffective dose.

27

ICRP Annual Report 2010

Obtaining ICRP Publications
An index to all ICRP publications can be found at www.icrp.org.
ICRP publications are available from reputable booksellers or directly from theCommission‟s publishers, Elsevier Science:
Web sites:www.elsevier.com
www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00742740(for ICRP Publication 23 and earlier)www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01466453(for ICRP Publication 24 and later)
www.icrp.info
Questions to Elsevier Science regarding print subscriptions should be directed to:Americas
Journals Customer Service
Tel: (877) 839-7126 (Toll Free US & Canada)
Tel: (314) 453-7041 (Outside US & Canada)
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Asia and Australia
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3 Killiney Road #08-01
Singapore 239519
Tel: +65 6349-0222
Fax: +65 6733-1510
E-mail: JournalsCustomerServiceAPAC@elsevier.com

28

ICRP Annual Report 2010

Japan
Customer Service Department
4F Higashi Azabu, 1 Chome Bldg
1-9-15 Higashi Azabu, Minato-ku
Tokyo 106-0044, Japan
Tel: +81 3 5561 5037
Fax: +81 3 5561 5047
E-mail: JournalsCustomerServiceJapan@elsevier.com

29

ICRP Annual Report 2010

ICRP Membership as of December 31, 2010
Main Commission
Claire Cousins (Chair)
Abel J González (Vice-chair)John D Boice Jr
John Cooper
Jai-Ki Lee
Jacques Lochard (C4 Chair)Hans G Menzel (C2 Chair)
Ohtsura Niwa
Emeritus Members
Roger H Clarke
Bosse Lindell
Charles B Meinhold

Zi Qiang Pan
R Jan Pentreath (C5 Chair)
R Julian Preston (C1 Chair)
Natalia Shandala
Eliseo Vañó (C3 Chair)
Christopher H Clement(Scientific Secretary)Fred A Mettler
Warren K Sinclair
Christian Streffer

Scientific Secretariat
Christopher H Clement (Scientific Secretary)

Lynn Lemaire (Executive Assistant)Committee 1 (Radiation Effects)
R Julian Preston (Chair)
William Morgan (Vice-chair)
Jolyon Hendry (Secretary)
Tamara Azizova
Ranajit Chakraborty
Sarah Darby
Nori Nakamura
Werner Rühm

Sisko Salomaa
Alice Sigurdson
Fiona Stewart
Dan Stram
Margot Tirmarche
Richard Wakeford
Ping-Kun Zhou

Committee 2 (Doses from Radiation Exposures)
Hans G Menzel (Chair)John Harrison (Vice-chair and Secretary)
Michael Bailey
Mikhail Balonov
David Bartlett
Vladimir Berkovski
Wesley Bolch
Roger CoxGünther Dietze

30

Keith Eckerman
Akira Endo
Nobuhito Ishigure
Richard Leggett
Joyce Lipsztein
Jizeng Ma
Francois Paquet
Nina Petoussi-Henβ
Ambika Sahai Pradhan

ICRP Annual Report 2010

Committee 3 (Protection in Medicine)
Eliseo Vañó (Chair)Jean-Marc Cosset (Vice-chair)
Madan Rehani (Secretary)
Katrine Åhlström Riklund
Mario Baeza
Lawrence Dauer
Igor Gusev
John Hopewell

Pek-Lan Khong
Pedro Ortiz Lopez
Sören Mattsson
Donald Miller
Hans Ringertz
Marvin Rosenstein
Yoshiharu Yonekura
Baorong Yue

Committee 4 (Application of the Commission’s Recommendations)
Jacques Lochard (Chair)
Wolfgang Weiss (Vice-chair)Jean-François Lecomte (Secretary)Peter Burns
Donald Cool
Michiaki Kai
Hua Liu
Senlin Liu
Sigurður Magnússon

Pedro Carboneras Martinez
Gustavo Massera
Ann McGarry
Khammar Mrabit
Serguy Shinkarev
Jane Simmonds
Alex Simanga Tsela
Werner Zeller

Committee 5 (Protection of the Environment)
R Jan Pentreath (Chair)Carl-Magnus Larsson (Vice-chair)
Almudena Real (Secretary)
Francois Bréchignac
David Copplestone

Kathryn Higley
Gerhard Pröhl
Kazuo Sakai
Per Strand

31

ICRP Annual Report 2010

Summary Financial Information 2006-2010
ITEM

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

Grants Received

617 168

418 408

412 100

472 703231 592

Royalties

107 551

107 231

84 596

112 589

127 176

Interest

0

1 138

5 935

14 99615 862Other Income

0

2 109

1 516

925

1 044

724 719528 886504 147

601 213375 674

Promotion of Radiological Protection

552 953532 464

326 444386 541361 434

Governance Costs

169 027

133 095

140 175

152 942145 498

Other Resources Expended

2 752(22 834)

33 418(13 079)(35 396)

Total Resources Expended

724 732

642 725

500 037

526 404

471 536

Net Movement in Resources(13)(113 839)

4 110

74 809(95 862)

Total Funds Carried Forward

390 140390 153503 922499 882425 073

4 329

5 977

3 109

1 516

2 895

Current Assets

391 445400 563529 296511 375

439 223

Debtors (falling due within one year) *168 413

0

0

0

0

Creditors (falling due within the year) †(174 047)(16 387)(28 413)(13 009)(17 045)

Net Assets

390 140390 153503 992

499 882425 073

INCOME STATEMENT
Incoming Resources

Total Incoming Resources

Resources Expended

BALANCE SHEET
Tangible Fixed Assets

This is a summary of ICRP annual financial statements as audited by Tudor John Chartered Accountants,
Epsom, UK. All amounts are expressed in US dollars.
* The accounting policy of ICRP with respect to grants received is to recognise the income when the charity is legally entitled to theincome and the amount can be quantified with reasonable accuracy. Generally this has led to only recognising grants received on a
cash basis. As at December 31, 2010, ICRP had a firm commitment from the EC to pay the balance of funds owed in respect ofwork concluded in December 2009. On February 3, 2011 the sum of $125,185 was received and accordingly this amount is included
in debtors for 2010. The balance of the debtors relate to annual grants from regular donors where the amounts have been received
after December 31, 2010.
†

Creditors of $174,047 in 2010 include $150,000 of deferred revenue in connection with the 2011 meeting and symposium.
Although the funds were received in 2010, the revenue has been deferred so the grant will be recognised in 2011 to match therevenue with the relevant costs.

32

ICRP Annual Report 2010

Organisations Providing Grants to ICRP in 2010
Commission of European Communities
International Atomic Energy Agency
International Radiation Protection Association
International Society of Radiology
Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development: Nuclear Energy Agency
Australia: Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency
Argentina: Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear de Argentina
Canada: Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission & Health Canada
China: Chinese Society of Radiation Protection
Denmark: Statens Institut for Strålehygiejne
Finland: Säteilyturvakeskus
France: Institut de Protection et de Sûreté Nucléaire
Germany: Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit
Iceland: Geislavarnir Rikisins
Japan: Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Norway: Statens strålevern
Russia: Burnasyan Federal Medical Biohysical Center, Federal Medical Biological Agency
South Korea: Korea Nuclear International Cooperation Foundation
Spain: Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear
Sweden: Miljödepartementet
USA: Nuclear Regulatory Commission & Environmental Protection Agency

33

ICRP Annual Report 2010

Contact Information
Christopher Clement, ICRP Scientific Secretary and Editor of the Annals of the ICRP,
can be contacted at:
International Commission on Radiological Protection
PO Box 1046, Station B
280 Slater Street
Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5S9
CANADA
Telephone:
Fax:
E-mail:Web site:+1 (613) 944-1918+1 (613) 944-1920
sci.sec@icrp.org
www.icrp.org

Executive Assistant:
Telephone:
E-mail:34

Lynn Lemaire+1 (613) 947-9750
admin@icrp.org