lSSN O912−7410

No．27 March1996

リヽ．−∴ ■ ■ J ？
J〃γ五月〃AT JO〃Aエ エd片E E〃VJ月0〃〃E〃T CO〟〟JTTEE FOLr〃かAr†0〃．ForBetterLakeManagernent
ThisNewsFetterisalsoavailableinJapanese．

AcrosstheGlobe，AcrosstheGenerations
ILEC slOthAnniversary

thepreservatlOnOflakes，SuChasadministrators，
heLakeBiwaDeclarationadoptedatthe
businesspeople，aCademicsandthepublic，tO
lstWorld Lake Conferencein1984，
establish anew partnershipfor ourcommon
whichled to the establishment ofILEC
future．
twoyearslater，includedproposalstomobilise
SCientists，administrators andthegeneralpublic
SmallNGO，SuCh asILEC，Willalways
forthesakeofsavlngtheworld slakesfromfur−
belimitedastowhatitcandobyitself，
therdeteriorationanddestruction．
butthrough globalpartnerships that
achievementcan bemultipliedinto something
heKasumlgauraDeclaration，Whichwas
rea11yworthwhile・Webelieveourpartnerships
adoptedlastyearatthe6thWorldLake
withorganisationssuchasUNEP，SIL，CCIW
Conference（see report on page4），
andAWB，aSWe11asthroughourmulti−talented
WidenedthescopeOfworkthatmustbedonebyand connected Scientific Committee，ILEC has
including proposalsonpopulationandbiodiver−indeedmadeaslgnificantcontribution to the
Slty；reflectillgthechangeofpeople sattitudeandpreservationoftheworld senvironmentovertheawareness onenvironmentalissuesin generallastlOyearsandwi1lcontinuetodosoformany
andlakes arld reservoirsin particular．The
generationstocome・Declaration also asked a11those corlCerned with

T

A

T

lN
丁目】S

ISSUE

・ILECActlVitiesin1995

・Lまcar■97

・ATrainee sViewpolnt
・ACameroonianPerspective
・IETC sLakeRelatedProjects
・Kasumlgaura 95

・LakesoftheWorld−ConservationofDal

LakeandInlandWatcrsinIndia
New Publicalionsns●ForthcomingEvents

ILECActivitiesin1995
JarLuary−March＝JICA／lLECgroup【rこ1illillgCOurSeOll

LakeWaterQualiLyMallagemeIlt．ThiswilSthe5thcoufSe
Sinceitsirlauguratiollin1991，withresearchersfTOmdeveloplllgCOuntriesar）dcountrieswitheconomiesill
trallSiti【）ngatherillginKusatsu，ShigaForlOweeks．

Committec，WithProl．essorJ漬rgじⅠ一SenbecomingllCW
Chairman（SeeNewsIcltcr＃26）．

Jtlne：Commemomtiveceremonyandsymposiumoll［heOpeningoftheUNEP／1ETCShigaOffice（SeeNewsIctter＃2（））．

Prof■essor

makesapresentationtoa
JICA／ILECtrainee

March：Publicationof こCompacトSizeDataBookof
WorldLakeEnvironmentsVol・2−AfricaandEurope，・

SymposiumonAralSeaandtheSurroundingRegion；and
ForuInOnCaspian，AralaIldDeadSeainShiga，

TheUNEPExeeutiveDirector，Ms．E旦izabe［hDowdeswellatthenewUNEP／IETCShiga
OmceinJune，1995．
October：Publicatiol−Of・こDirectoryofWaterRelatedInternationalCooperation −intlOducillginternational
COOPerationprojec【sdirectlytargetedatdeveloplngCOun−triesandcoun［rieswitheconomiesintransition．

CompletionofconsmctionandmovetoILEC．snew
OfficebuildillgS（seeNewsletter＃26）．

6thInternationalConferellCeOntheCollSerVatiolland
ManagementofLakes（WorldLakeCollference）．Ibaraki，

Mav：7［hGeneralMeetingoftheILECScientihc

Japan（Seepage4）．

JICA／ILECTrainlngCourJsel−ATrainee−sViewpoln
FatimahMd・Yusoff−traineeon1996LakeWaterQualityManagementCourse

ICA／ILEC stralnlngCOurSeOnlakewaterqualir
thegreatlylmprOVedwaterandalrquality，aSWellas
publichealdl・Japan，ssuccessinenvironmentalpoIJ
tyisanoblewayofsharingJapaneseexperi−
lutioncontrolisnotonlvduetotheconcertedefforts
encesinwaterpollutlOnCOntrOIswithdeve10p−
ingcountries・MutualexchangeoftechnologleSand atthegovernment slevel，butalsoduetohlStOrical，economic，SOCialand culturalfactors．Successin
ideasbetweenJapananddeve10PlngCOuntriesare
importantindealin竺Withthewaterpo11utionprob− integratlngenVironmentintoil−dustrialpolicy，free−lemsthesecountriesarefacingnowandwillfacein
domofpress，hi2hstandardoflitcracy，traditiollal
respeCtfornature andpositiveindustrialbehaviour
theEuture・Duringthethreemonthcourse，thepartlC−
aresomeofthefactorswhichwerehlghlyconducive
1PantS110tOnlylearlledand acquired knowLedge
fromexperiencedscientlStSandresearchersinclass−toJapan ssuccessinthisarea．WerecoどnlSethaLitis
importanttoc（一山rolthesefactorsindeveloplngro（〕mSandlaboratories，butexperiencedpollutionJ

COntrOlandpreventionactivitiesinvarious10CalandnatiollalgoverIlment Organizations，autOl10mOuS

bodiesundindustrial去ectorsinmanyplacesacrossJapiul，eSPeCiLl‖y aroundlこIkes Biwa andKasunllぎaura．

Japa▲lhLISmadccxccllcntprogrcssil−Cl−Virol−1Tlental
managemelltiI一［hclast4〔）years ascvidc［lCCd什om

COuntries．

Wi

thcontiI−uedeffortandcommitInC■一Lby
JICA，ILECandrcprcscntiltivcsltol11Var−
i肌SCt）ul−trics・aStr（−nぎ11CtWし−rk（−rCl）し）P−

erationillWLLLcl reSt）urCCI11allagC111CntWOuldlcildto
abettcrpo11utiol−COI−LrOIsil一Illuny（1evcl叩1nぎC（一u11−
けies、

LakesandReseTVOirManagement
ACameroonianPerspectlVe −JacquelineNkoyok
heproblemoflakes alldrcservoirs manage−PartlCularisacauseforconcern丘）rbothcoun−
TtriesiIlthe
Northand South They constitutereal
mentinuleWOrldingeneralandinAfricain

dangersfortheexistenceofhumanity，butequally
havedirectimpactonthelifeofthepeoplethroughsuchfactorsasdiseases，disastersanddesertlfication．

TheroleofNGOs，aCtOrSforchangeclosertothe
POpulatlOn，isprlmarilytokeepthepopulationaware
OfallthesedangersandelicittheircontributlOnand
PartlCipatlOnaSWellasthoseoftbegovemmenL

because ofthelocat10n OfCamcroonlanlakesindif−

ferellteCOloglCalregions．ThesolutionsmeritinthlS
WaySPeCificmethodsafterefficientdiagnosisandanassessmentofexIStlngprqJeCtS（LacTヒhadreservoir，Bamendjin s Dam，MagaDam，EdeaDams，Lac
Nyosetc・）Thekeyelementstoconservingandman−

aglnglakesin ourcountry are：glVlng prlOrlty tOlakesandreservoirsmanagement；improvementof
localtechnologies；andlooklngfortechnicalassis−

tanceinbuildingofpartnershlpSandsolicitlngpartlC−
1PatlOn，ThemanagementoflakesandreserYOirsR）rarationaluseoftheirecosystemispossibleifall
actorsmakeitapriorityandareonanequalfootlng，However，Wi血inthecontextof，eCOnOmiccrisis，gen−rmatistosaythattheyhaveequalaccesstoinforma−
eralpovertyandsociali町uSdces，itappearSinsome
COuntriesthatissuesofdevelopmentareglVenprlOri−

tionresourcesanddecisionmaklngprOCeSS．

ty．InthlSSituatlOn；ifthesecountrieshavetoprotect

theenvironmentingeneralandprovidefortheman−agementoflakes andreservoirstherearecertain
Strategiesto adoptandaparticularprocessestoね1−
10W．

n order to preserve the worlds heritage

With regard tolake ecosystemsin
Ⅰ Cameroon，the governmentis calling on
donors or sponsors for study and implementa‑tion ofa thorough survey oflakesin the counL

InCameroon，forinstance，theenvironmentalprob−try．This survey wouldbecarried outincollab−

1eminlakesrequlrea globalview ofthesituation

Oration with nationalNGOs．

IETC7sLakeRelatedPrq］eCtS

lnthisbriefarticleDr．HabibN．E］−Habr，aCtingDeputyDirectorofUNEP／lETC，tel［su＄O
twoforthcomlngPrOjectsofinteresttoLLECNews［etterreaders．
COnflictssincethelakes／reservoirscanprovide
ETChas，amOngOthers，tWOprOJeCtSfocused
OnlyalimitedquantltyOfwateronasustainable
On SuStainablemanagementoflakes／reser−
Ⅰ VOirsandtherelatedtechnologleSappliedfor
basis，In addition，high nutrientloads fromdomestic，agnCulturalandforcstryactivities are
theircollSerVation．
COntributing to serious eutrophication and
UrbanisationisincreaslnglnmOStpartS Ofthe
growthofaquaticweeds，thusresultinginfurther
WOrld・AmaJOrissueishowtoprovidegood
environmentaldegradation．
qualitywatertotheincreaslngdemandsofurban
CentreSduetobothhigherlevelsofpopulation
aimofthefirstoftheseproJeCtSWi11be
andincteaslngperCapitademandduetochang−
PrOVideafocusfordifferentcountries，
1nglifestyles．Itisalsoessentialthatthesources T憲
he
jL wherema」Orlakes／reservoirs are beingof water for urban centres are not contaminatedusedtosupplywatertourbancentres．Emphasis
duetodomestic，industrialandagnculturalactlV−WillbeonsharingofknowledgeintermsoftechTities．
r10logyandmanagementpractices used forsus−
Therearesomeimportantlakes／reservoirsindif−
tainablemanagementofsuchlakes／reservoirs．
ferentparts oftheworld which are the maill
SOurCeSOfwaterformaJOrurbancentres，aSWell
Thesecondprq］eCtisacasestudylookingatsix
asprovidingwaterforagrlCulturalandindustrlal lakesinIndonesiain terms ofstate of the envi−
uses．Waterallocationbetween thevarious uses， ronmentand technology assessmentneeds foraswellas betwcenthedifferentprefectures ortheirsustainablemanagement．WcshallkceptheStateSOfthecountriesconcerncd，isnowcreatlng
ILECNcwsleucrinformcdofourprogress．

● asu・m唱aura 95

6thInternationalConferenceontheConservationandManagernentofLakes−

T

he 6th，and so far most successful，Conferencedealtwithsubjects suchas：
Utilization ofLakes and Reservoirs、andritspart，IbaraklPrefecturestronglyencour−
agedthepartlCIPatlOnOfmembersofthepub−′『O1 1icandbusinesses．Pastconferenceshavecon−ConservationofLakeEnvironments；Preservationand Management of Freshwater resources；

Centratedonscientificaspectsanditwasfeltthatto
haveatru1yeffectivemeetlllgthecollaborat10nOf
Mechanism，Control，and Prediction ofallthepeOPleandorganlZatlOnSCOnCernedwiththe
Eutrophication；ChemicalContaminants−theenvironmentalconservat10nOflakeswasnecessary．
Sources，Fate，andBiologicalEffectswithlnlakes；
TheConferenceattractedmorethan8，000partici−
Administration Aspects of Lake Environment
pantsfrom77countries，Thecongratulatoryaddress
ConservatlOn；RolesofCitlZenSandEnteIprlSeS，and
attheopenlngCeremOnyWaSgivenbytheCrown
Environmental Education；International
PrinceofJapanwhowasaccompan1edbytheCrown
CooperatlOn；andKasumlgauraSessions．
Princess．Some36su叫ectswerecoveredinoralandpostersessions．
Considerin巨thelargenumberofs叫」eCtSdealtwlth
itwasasurprlSlnglysuccessfulconferencewithpar−Thepositivepublic awarenessofenvironmental
ticipantsfromawiderangeofbackgroundssuchas
issues since the Earth Summitin Rio deJaneiroin
SCientists，englneerS，administrators，andcitizens，
1992，undoubtedly played a partin theheavy
Thiswas，infact，thebiggesteventevercoqorgan− turnOut．
isedbyILEC．PreviousILEC relatedconferences
haveinvoIvedsomewherearound600−800peOPle・
Stateandissuesofworldlakeswerepre−
Thisten−わ1dincrease，thoughremarkablebyitself，
isalsoaphenomenalnumberforascientlficgather− 且
1ng．Ofthe8，000attendees some5，000wereordiL thepeoplewhoareengagedin山econserva【ionofT≡nary citユZe11S WhlCh would seem to renect the con−CernOrdillaryJapanesepeoplehaveaboutwaterandlakerelatedmatters，

T

：−−ざ

lakesaroundtheworldisnecessaryandimportant．
Moreover，manygOOdideas were put forward to
improve the water quality of thc hostrlake
Kasumgaura

helilrgenumberofsubjectsdealtwithmust
alsohavebeenafactorinattractlngSuChalbarakiPrefecture has pledged to makefurther
large gathering．In theInternationale比）rtSforbetterlakewaterqualitymanagementand
CooperatiollSeSSion，TheWorldBankheldaspecial colluibute to the conservation of lakes aroulld the
WOrkshopwhichwasrverywellrcceivedbypartici− WOrld・Thecollferenceendcdwiththeadoptionof
pantswithilgrC餌二dcnlofillPutfrommembersfrom theKasumlgiⅢraT95DeclarationdcaIingwithissues
developi11g COuntrics．The（LEC Enviro11mCnt
SuChilS；Popula［ion alld Biodiversityこ the
Education Programmewas also very wcllreceive（1EllVir（）nmCllti11lmpactofDevelopmentこK11OWledge

WithaLargenumberofparticIPantSatthcsessioll．

ilndTcchr10Logy Transfer；PLlrtnCrShip：Education
andIntegra［edCatchmelltManagelnent．

Mostresel−vOirsand manynaLurallakcsin
theregl（〕narelocatedil11argeinternationalA豊 eriversystemsol OthertypeOfintequrisdic−
aSumlgaura，aki，the 7thtionalwater．The management oflakec。11ferenceiss孟ed。1edt。、もeh去1dinthe
WaterreSOurCeSin watersheds shared by
Clケy OfSan Martin delos
twoorrecountries poses the necdforP gentinainOctober，1997・What
COmPrehensivebasinwidetech−／1SaSummaryOftheoqectivesoftheforthr
nicalandinstitutionalapproaches which／comingconferencewithspecificreferencel−［he success of the6th World
灯￣Cで甘伽3e hcld in丁；）、！；

wi11beglVenSPeCialconsiderationatthe

toSouthAmerica，Conferen錦．
ItisnowwidelyacceptedthatsustainablenordertopreserveeCOlogicalintegrlty
development prlnCiples aregroundedto alargeextent on thepreservationoffresh ／一i and ensurethe conservation ofnatural′
resources forfuturegenerations，theWaterreSOurCeSfromover−eXploitationan
シ
SOundmanagementoflakes andreservoirs
COntamination．Naturallakes constitute d ／Shouldpromotetherationalandsustalnablemq］OrpartOftheseresources avai1ablefdr
utilization of water resources to enhancepresentandfuturegenerations・．

economic，SOCialand culturalassets．The

ableenvironmentsforthedevelopment
multiple waterusesand theenhancemof socialand culturalassets．These water
bodiesdependonlnputSfromwatersheds，
1akeshoreland uses andlake water man−

Conference willofferthe possibility ofinterchanglngeXperiences amongexperts
inmanaglngCOnflictthatarise fromthe
SearChofapparentlycontradictoryobjec−

agement．Thus，anintegratedbasinman−

illustrate its own dilemma related to thepreservationofthe protectedenvironment
Whereitislocated，LaninNationalPark，〜．

outhAmericpdis，1y｛evNiety

andtotheeconomic deve10pment Ofits
COmmunitybasedontheoutstandingpossi−
bilitiesfortourismthatsuchasettlngOffers

Oflake envlrOnmentS，both naturalforwintersports，fishingandsightseelng．

S and man−made，a regards climate，geologlCalsettⅢg，Wa 琵

TheConferenceseekstoprovideaforum

Shedlandusesandand to stimulate discussions on economic

r

．

ノ

agementapproach shouldbe devised toguaranteeenvironmentalconservationan㌔
SuStainability．
【′・■】

tives．Asacase study，Lake L畠carwill

Studieswillad中6；sthesituationofheayily

stressedwaterbodiessub］eCttOCOntamlna−
tionチndeutroihicadon，Thichrequiremit−
1gatlOn 響d／restoratlOn meaSureS・and socialuses oflake environments andon suitable mallagement approaches toensuresustaillability，Tbthisendtheactive
particlpationofmanagers，decisionmakers
andexperts frominternationalcorpora−tions，PrlVate enterPrlSeS，gOVernmental
Pa11icipantklattenti？nwi1lalsobedrawnto

nearlypristih￠erlVlrOnmentS Which posethe challenge fdevislngmanagementSyS−

agencies and citizen movements will be
encouraged．

terns to stimtilate resourcesdevelopment■ Withinthec9nStralntSOfsustainabilityand
environmeIlfalconservation．

ConferellCeis particularlycolト−−‥
ReserY6irs play onimportant rolein
andpublicinformation as they are key
the reglOn particularly fol−energy prO−
ducti、On andirrlgation．Reservoir issues to buildup public awareness anddevelop asustainable behaviorregarding
rltinvoIve many technical，
the protectionandcontro10fits eIlviron−social and the transition
ment．Sessiontopicshavebeenincludedto
ml（如ic tolentic environments．
dealspecifically with theseissues andicsふa叫g With reservoirs havesimultaneous activities will be planned to
nCOrp
d to stimulate discus一
allow forthe discussionoflocal，reglOnalmero。SeXperiences
andinternationalexperiences．
availableinthereglOn．

．、こご＼

1‥．／

⊥．・l人■J∴＼−り′■アブ比 llり〃上．／）
ConservationofDalLakeandInlandWatersinIndia−BrijGopal
hldiaisal之I11dorgreatcolltraStSnndcolltradictiollS，The

StiLutethcsillglelargestsourceororgこUlicpolluLiollinall

State Orher watcr rcsourccs rctlects Lhem most．Al】aVCr−

il山11dwa【erSOrthecou11汀y．

ageanllualrilinfallofl17cmalldthemightyHimalayas
WiththeirperenllialsllOWCOVCrandl−umerOuSglaciers

ThedisposaloFil−dustrialefflueI一しSisal−O［herm叫OrSOurCC

ellSure a Wealth or water resourcesillIlldia，But theextremespatialalldtemporalvariaLiollSinprecIPltation

Ofpoilutiorl，VariousindustricshavebeelleStimated toCOl−tributeabout16％ofthetotalwasLewatergenerated．

Umilrecently，ulereWerenOeffluenttreatmentfacilitiesin
tradictions arc seellin the ambivalent humanrattitude：thema」Orindustries．Eventoday，thetreatmentfacilities
WaterbodiesareheldillgreatreVerenCeandalsotreatedhavebeeninstalledilTless血allhaifoFthepo11utll−gil−dus−resultinagreatcolltraStOffl00dsanddroughts．Thecon−

withcontempt，bothatthesameLime．Ma11yriversand tries，alldthesetooareinadequatealldtreatmentisunsatis−
lakesarecol−Sideredholybut，desplteincreaslIlgaWare−factory・Thecontinueddischargeoftanlleryeffluentswith
11eSSandconcernfortheenvironme叫mOStOfthewateト
highlevelsofchromiumintoRIVerGal−gaatKanpurisallbodiesarehighlypo‖uteda11deutrophic．
example．
Ther10n−POlntSOurCeSOforganicandinorgal−icpo11utiol−

arealsoverylmpOrtantbuthavereceivedverylittleatten−
tionuptonow，ItisnotsimplytheagriculturalrunOffcar−

rylng fertilisersandpesticidesthatneedstobequantifled
andregulated；amuChmoreimportalltSOuTCeOfl−On−POl叫

pollution throughoutIndiaisthehuman alldcattlewaste
fromscatteredrural／semi−urban settlements around water−

bodiesLThesocioculturalpracticeslikemassbathillgalld
religlOuSOfferingsslgnificantlycontributeLothepollutiol1
10adofshal10Wlakesandreservoirs・Therunofffromlarge

urbancentersandmin111gSitesisalsoimportant．
Furtherproblemsarise fTOmtheirltenSe anthropogellic
activltyin山ecatchmentbasins．Deforestation，agrlCl11ture
andovergrazl11gOCCurOllamaSSivescaleleadillg［oero−

IndianLakesandInlandWaterways

Sionalldheavysiltandnutrientloadintherivers．Almost
allthereservoirsaresiltingupfast．Sincemostofthe
freshwaterlakesinIndiaareoffluvialoriglllandsha1low（mealldepth2−5m），血eyarenowFlllinguprapidly＿

Major Problems
Likeallothercountries，rapideutrophicationalldpollutioll
Besides血eseproblemsofeutrophicatioll，10XicpolluLio11
fromindustrialefflue11tSarethemajOrprOblemsofIlldian alldacceleratedsiltation，ma」OrltyOfinlalldwaters race
il11andwatersalso・rmeraPidgrow山ofhumal一POPulatiol−

allditsconcentratiollinurbancentersalongtheriversand
aroundlakesandreservoirshasmadeadirectimpactoll
Waterbodies．TheaccompanylllgagrlCulturalrevolutioll
based onintellSive mechanisatiolland use offertilisers．

aI】Otherimportantproblemofexcessiveweedgrowth．This
isparticularlyseriousir）iakesal−dreservoirsthought抽

Sha1lowreachesofmostoftheriversintheplainsarealso
greatlyaffected．Waterhyacinthmaybesingledoutas［hemost serious andcommollWeed throughoutLhecountry，
PeSticidesandimgation，aSWellasrapidindustrialisation turning many shallowlakes and reservoirsilltO marSh−
haveresultedindegradationofwaLerqualitybothdirectly meadows．
by discharging effluelltS andindirectlybyincreased
denlalldforwater，Conservation measures

Theimpact ofrapidly growing water polltltioI−01−
ILisindeedrevealingthatabout70％oFthe3，1000rSO humal−healLhaswellasthefisheryresourceshasbeel−felt for quite along time andIlldiallPOlicy m乙Ikers
large（POpula［iol10flOO，000andabove）andsmall（POpu−
havebeel−We11awareoFthemagllitudeor［heprot11em．
laしiollabove50，000）townsil1111diahaveIleithersewerage
Thisisreflectedinthe factthatasearly as1954，leg−nor Lreaしmcllti■acilities．Less than6％oflargecities a11d

islative measures were takellillthe state o［Orissa to
2％orsma11tow11Shaveadequatese㌣ageCOllectionalld
regulatethe disposalofwastes alld effiuelltSillriver
しreatmelltfacility・ILmaybesurprisillgLolearntha［manyWatCrSbyfactorics alld aRiverBoard was established
maJOr tOWnS Ollthe banks ofthe river Holy Motherror血purpose．Later，theGoveTnmentOfIlldiaellaCt−
Gal−ga didnoth11VeSCWeragefacilitiesuIltilafewycars
ago▲SeveralimportantcitieslikeSrirLagar（Kashmir）， edtheWatcr（PrcventiollalldCoIltrOlofPo11utioll）AcL
Nail−ital，Ud乙1ipur，B首opalandHyderabad arespread il11974．1LmadeiLcompulsory forallilldustrialullits
to treaしtheireffluelltS tO PreSCribedlimits before dis−aroulldimportallしIakcs and rcservoirsilltO Which theChilrgeilltOOpe11Wa［eTOrOI11alld，Further，itprovided
W之ISteS arCPartlydischarged，Domesticwastes，thus，COlト

for the establishment of the Ccntral and State Water

PollutionCol−trOIBoardswhichwereglVen adequate

Harvestlng（〕fmncrophyLeShaso丘enbeensuggestedasa

nuLrient removaltechnique forlake restoration．

POWerStOenforcetheprovisiollSOftheAct・Thisleg−
Accordingly．mcchilnicllldeweedinghadbeenrecom−
islatil′e meaSure has，however，made very slow me11ded LOimprove DalLnke，andstartedin1987．A
PrOgreSSinitsimplementationarLdmanyindustriesare
TeCerLt5tudyhこIShowevershownthatmechanicaldeweed−
Sti11withoutpropertreatmeIlt fこ1Cilities・Ithascmpha−
inghasdisしurbed山estabiliしyOr山elake，andaffected［heSisedupon reducing polluLantload fromindustries
beIlthosaIld Fishericsこ1dvcrsely，Anewproblemofred
Only．The municlpalbodies are not explici【1ycovered algillbloomo［uIlkllOWI川rlginhasaIiseninthedeweeded

bytheActandin the absence ofa sewage collection

areas．In thc abscnce oFeffective check oninflow of

SyStem，theyescapetheblameforllOttreaしingitordis−
domestic wastes alld urban rul10ff，thelakecbntinuesto
Charglngitintotherivers．Thus，thelegisla［ive actiorl degrade血 Lher．
hashelpedlittleinimprovlngthewaterquality・

SuggestionsandRecommendations

Besidesthelegislativemeasure，littlehasbeendonefor
COnServation offreshwatersincluding their biotic
resources．Whereas wetlarld conservation has received
SOme attention at thelevelofboth the Centraland S［a［eGovernments，andanationalWetlandandMangrove
Colnmitteehasbeensetuptoadviseonthesubjecいnlalld
WaterShaveremained neglected・Thougha fewinland

Conserva［ionoffreshwatersdefinedasthemanagement
torehabilitaこe［hephysical，ChemicalorbiologlCalquality
Ofanareaalteredbyman sactivi［ies cannotbeaccom−
Plished byleglSlative action alone．rnleCOntrOlorreduc−tionofpointdischargesofdomesticandindustrialefflu−
entsisnotsumcientwhen血erLOn−POlntSOurCeSOfpollu−
tion are ofagreater magni［ude．Therivers mayalso

Dal Lake

Shallowwaterbodieshavebeencoveredbywetlandcon−
SerVation，itisdoubthllifwetlandmAnagementisatthe
Samelevelaslakemanagement．Thewetlandsareselected
forconservaLionaccording to theirvalue aswaterfowl

respolldto thereduc［ioninpollutiol1loading bytheirinherentself−Puriricationabilityoniyiftheirflowisl−Ot
drasticallyaltered・Therefore，thereisan urgentneed totakeremedialmeこISureS ForpreventiollOfpolluLio11上．rom
habitatsal−dtheirhighproductivltyisgel−erallyaccepted・
non−POlntSOurCeS，This mearlS an effective watershed
Aprogramme oflakeconservation wasunderconsidera−
managemen＝breverylakeandriver，wi山particulaTatしCn−
tionofthePlanningCommissionsomeyeafSagO，but山etion［0【heli［toral／riparianzoneswhichplayanimportant
exercisewasabaI】dolled．

rolein［heinteractionofwaterbodieswiththeirwatershed．

The case ofDalLake，Where some efforthas been madeConservationoffreshwatersrequiresagoodunderstanding
towardsrestorationofwaterquality，Sufficestohigh1ight Oftheirstmcturaland functiollalcharacteristics，alld thethe failure ofa half−hearted exercise due toits secotral
responsesoftheirbiotatovariousanthropogeIlicperturba−
approach．
tions・Thereisverylittle，andgenerallyfragmelltary，infor−
matiol1011mOStOfLhe waしerbodiesinIlldia，HellCe，COm−

DalLakeatSrinagar（Kashmir）hasbeellCOnSidered For
PrChensivclimnoIoglCこ11s【udies11eedtobeunder〔akellOIl
COIISerVationalldrestoratiollEormと111yyeiuAS．Tllisshallow
allm叩）rriversaIldl；1kcs・Ill血scollteXt，trainlllgalldedu−
OXbowlakeco11nCCtedwithRiverSutlc」1SatOurist；lttraC−
Cこ1Liol−il11in−1−0logyこ1＝dwこ1tCrqualiしymol−itorillgalld
tioll．Therearehundredso［houseboatsollthc hlkealldilre
mこ川ilgemCll［こ1rCしIrぎCllLlyrcqしIircd．
ama」OrSOurCeOfpo11utioIl．Thedomes【icwastes仇）mthe
SurrOulldiIlglocalpopulatiollalsoelltCrStheiake．¶1elakc
Thisisi）n abl−idged vt・l・Sionofanal・ticlt！thiItfil・St
isheavi1yillfestedwithsubmergedmacrophy［egrOWth．
iLpPt：aredin tllCl〉rt）Ceedings ofthe tnternatiohal
Traditiol−ally，floatingislandsarcmadeusingreedsaI−d AssociationforTh…l・CtieiLland AppliedLimn（｝logy，
Otheraquatic vegetaLiollrOrCultivaしioI10「Vege【ablじS．
Cl）ngreSSinlhl・Celona，1りり2．

New Publications
Compact・Size Edition：I）ata BookofWorld Lake
EnYironments・ASurYCyOftheStateofWorldLakes・Forthcoming Events
3rdInternationalConferenceonReservoirLimnoIogy
and Water Quality

3．Th（！Americas

Thethirdinthecompact−Sizeeditionof山eDataBook ofWorldLakeswaspublishedinMarch，1996・Thisseriesis
areTCOmPilationofdata丘omtheprecedillgnVeVOlumes
OftheDataBookofWorldLakesEnvifOnmentS（1988−
1994）intothreevolumesonaregionalbasis．
Guidelines of Lake Management Volume 7・

BiomanlpulatiomimLakesandReserYOirsManagement
R．deBernardiandG．Gi11SSani（Editors）

neaimofuleCOnferenceistobringtogetherlimnologists
aIldwaterqualityenglneerSdealingspecincallywi也reser−
VOirlimnologyortopICSrelevanttounderstandirlg，predict−1ngandmanaglngreSerVOirwaterquality・nemalntOPics
thatwi11bedealtwi山include：geOgraphicpeculiaritiesof
reservoirs，nutrientcycles andeutrophication，food webinterrelations7SPatialheterogeneltylnreSerVOirsandglobal
Climaticchangesandreservoirs．
Date：31August−5September，1997

Location二CeskeBudeJOVice，CzechRepublic
AlthoughthepracticeofbiomanlPulationisinitselfnot

new，SyStematic studieson the subjecthaveonly started Organisedby：HydrobiologlCalInstitute，Academyof
SciencesoftheCzechRepublic
ingwithdlissubjectareappeafinginscientincjournalsand

relativelyrecently．Consequently，mOStOfthepapersdeal−

Tel：42−38−45484
aredifficulttocomprehendfornon−SPeCialists．The7th
Fax：42−38−45718
bookintheGuidelineSeries，PublishedinMarch，1996，

inlakemanagementwithemphasison山econtrolofexces−

Sivealgalgrowthinlakessufferingfromeutrophication．

Email：hbu＠dale．entu．cas．cz、

givesagelleralintroductiontotheroleofbiomanlpulation

OpeningofLakeBiwaMuseum，ShigaPrefecture，

Japan

LakesinChina・ProfessorXiangcanJineta］

Thismuseum，10Cateddirectlyopposite山eofficesofILEC
Thisbook，publishedinBeijingin1995，WaSWritteIlbyandUNEP／IETCon山eshoresofLakeBiwa，wi11beoffi−
morethanl（沿Chineselimnologists，universityprofessors CiallyopeIledinOctober，1996．AsoneoFitsmainalmSi

toprovideavenueforpeOpleto obtainacomprehensive
understAndingofLakeBiwaandworldlakes，themuseum
mattersasthenaturalenvironment，hydrology，aquaticbio− wi11housebothpermanenteXhibitiollSOfthegeologlCal
andhumanhistoryofLakeBiwa，aSWellasareasfortemL
COmmunitleS，1iInnOlogicalcharacteristlCS，WaterChemistry
POraryeXhibitions．Outdoorexhibitionswi11caterforlarge
alld the exploitation anddevelopmentofthewater
exhibitssuchasreconstruCtedforests，S［reamSandponds，resourcesofover400fthemostimportantlakesandreser−
andresearchscientists．Thebooksystematicallyprovides
COmprehensive scieIltificinformatioIlanddataon such

VOirsinthenvemq］OrlakeregionsinChina．Moreinfor−
mation on this book can be obtained from the Chinese

ResearchAcadernyofEnvironmen［alSciel−CeSinBeiyuan，
Beijing，China．

ThestatedprincIPlesofthemuseumare thatitwillbea
Placewherepeoplecanparticipateandexchangeillforma−tion，alldaplacewherepeOPlecallCOnSiderabettercoexis−【enceoFlakesandhumans．

ノ1V才一g尺八n7TOMエエAÅE EⅣ1／躇0〃財EⅣr CO山肌〃7て EEダ0乙仇以プTO∧r
1091．Oroshimo・⊂ho．Kusatsll・ぐit〉■．Shiga525Japan

TeI：＋81−775−68−J567．Fax：＋81一丁75−6B一斗568．email：i】ec＠pop．bjwakoor．jp

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