（令和

外

）年度

日［

分］＊

語

（英

国

注

語）

意

．監督者の指示があるまで問題を見ないこと。
．声を出して問題を読まないこと。
．問題は

ページ、

から

まである。

．問題や解答用紙に落丁、乱丁、汚損あるいは印刷不鮮明の箇所があれば、手をあげて監督者に申し出ること。
．解答は必ず鉛筆を使用し、解答用紙に記入すること。
．解答は解答用紙の解答欄の記号にマークすること。
．訂正箇所は、消しゴムできれいに消すこと。
．解答欄には、関係のない符号や文字あるいはメモなどを記入しないこと。
．解答用紙を折ったり汚したりしないこと。
．問題用紙は持ち帰ること。

意味の通る文法的に正しい文を完成させるのにもっとも適切なものを選びなさ
い。
［各

点］

．Since he takes a walk every day, his shoes will（）very

quickly.
Ａ．break up

Ｂ．put onＣ．take off．The book is all about how to make（
Ａ．out

Ｂ．off

Ｄ．wear out）well in life.

Ｃ．overＤ．away．There should be more signs in English for foreign tourists,（）

in places they are most likely to visit.
Ａ．at times．Susan was（Ａ．looked

Ｂ．at least

Ｃ．at mostＤ．at last）up in a large family with a lot of children.
Ｂ．thought．The government was（Ｃ．endedＤ．brought）for failing to react to the depression

sooner.
Ａ．appreciatedＢ．criticized

Ｃ．appointed

Ｄ．pulled．Some people wonder how Halloween became such a big（）inJapan.
Ａ．location

Ｂ．decision．This is a hospital.（

Ｃ．occasion

Ｄ．population）, smoking is not allowed here.

Ａ．Needless to say

Ｂ．Not to mention

Ｃ．On the other hand

Ｄ．Strangely speaking

＊

．I（

）the weather to be much cooler here so I did not pack

any T-shirts.
Ａ．have been expecting

Ｂ．have expected

Ｃ．had expected

Ｄ．expect．Be sure to（Ａ．cure）us of your test results.
Ｂ．deprive

Ｃ．inform．Pam asked Mike to leave her（Ａ．onlyＢ．single．If you find a job that（

Ｄ．prevent）and let her sleep.
Ｃ．aloneＤ．lonely）your skills and experience, click the“Apply” button.
Ａ．serves on

Ｂ．counts up

Ｃ．plays forＤ．corresponds to．If it still won’t start, my car battery may be（
Ａ．in full

Ｂ．beyond help

Ｃ．at a priceＤ．in control．Sometimes we have to（）.

）even though we want to hold on.

Ａ．have things be

Ｂ．make things held

Ｃ．let things go

Ｄ．get things given．It’s a must to take time to study（）before attempting an

exam.
Ａ．slightly

Ｂ．mostly

Ｃ．thoroughlyＤ．increasingly＊

．For many people, these injuries can take months or even years to（）.
Ａ．receive

Ｂ．suffer．You just have to（Ｃ．healＤ．appeal）your hand and wave it until you are

noticed.
Ａ．shakeＢ．raiseＣ．nod．We felt disappointed that the new stadium became（

Ｄ．roll）than we

had budgeted for.
Ａ．by far expensive

Ｂ．much more expensive

Ｃ．by far inexpensive

Ｄ．many more inexpensive．I love this idea for（）of reasons. First, it gives you a specificgoal to work towards.
Ａ．amounts

Ｂ．sumsＣ．dozens

Ｄ．figures．Though I had no memory of that promise, I still wanted to（
Ａ．make many words

Ｂ．keep my word

Ｃ．bring word

Ｄ．have a word）.

．I am having difficulties repaying my student loan because offinancial（）.

Ａ．prevention

Ｂ．hardship

Ｃ．hesitation

Ｄ．certification＊

．We were running out of gas, and（）was worse, my mobile

phone was not working at all.
Ａ．whichＢ．whatＣ．it．I grew up in a war zone but never（Ｄ．that）my dreams.

Ａ．lost sight of

Ｂ．drew an eye to

Ｃ．gave a focus to

Ｄ．kept a mind on＊

語句を並べ替えてもっとも自然な英文を完成させ、のの記号を書きなさい。［各．Ms.

Smith （番目と番目に入れるも

点］

）
（

）
（

）
（

）
（

）
（

）

colleagues as a leader.
Ａ．by

Ｂ．up

Ｃ．looked

Ｄ．her

Ｅ．is

Ｆ．to

．This play is（

（
）

（
）

）
（

）
（

Ａ．bestＢ．so

Ｃ．haveＤ．I

Ｅ．seenＦ．the．The rain（

）
（

（
）

（
）

）
（

）
（

Ｂ．going

Ｃ．in

Ｄ．prevented

Ｅ．swimming

Ｆ．the boys

）
（

）
（

（
）

）very capable.

Ａ．her

Ｂ．be

Ｃ．to

Ｄ．youngＥ．thinks

Ｆ．staff．It was already past midnight.（）, my sister（

（

（
）

（
）

）.

Ａ．the

Ｂ．for

Ｃ．stillＤ．keptＥ．preparing

Ｆ．exam＊）far.

）the river.

Ａ．from．The manager of the department（
（

）
（

）
（

）

）
（

）

．Robin（

）
（

）
（

）
（

）
（

）
（

）a

large

）
（

）

audience.
Ａ．before

Ｂ．foundＣ．hardＤ．speak

Ｅ．it

Ｆ．to

．You will always be a parent to your children,（
（

（
）

（
）

（
）

）.

Ａ．become

Ｂ．how

Ｃ．matter

Ｄ．no

Ｅ．old

Ｆ．they．Please（

（
）

（
）

（
）

）
（

）
（

）anything we

can do to help you.
Ａ．know

Ｂ．us

Ｃ．there

Ｄ．let

Ｅ．if

Ｆ．is

．Her father’s（
（

（
）

（
）

（
）

）
（

）to cancel her plan to）.

Ａ．causedＢ．deathＣ．abroad

Ｄ．her

Ｅ．go

Ｆ．sudden

．Mr.

Jones

（

）a better presentation.

would（）（）（）sooner（Ａ．beenＢ．had

Ｃ．haveＤ．he

Ｅ．givenＦ．promoted

＊

）
（

）

．The

news （）（（）my mother cry.

）（） surprised （）（

Ａ．madeＢ．us

Ｃ．our grandmother

Ｄ．and

Ｅ．thatＦ．had passed away．We（
when we（

（
）

（
）
（
）

（
）

）

）English for six years or more）high school.

Ａ．beenＢ．graduate

Ｃ．studying

Ｄ．haveＥ．fromＦ．will＊次のページに進みなさい＊次の文章を筋の通ったものにするために、枠内にあるＡ〜Ｄからもっとも適切なものを選び（）の中に入れなさい。［各

点］

（Ａ）

Ａ．All babies are special, and those born aboard airplanes are rareenough to be considered extra-special.
Ｂ．Such a situation is not as rare as one might think, andsolutions vary around the world.
Ｃ．Yet, some nations grant citizenship to any child born over theirairspace.
Ｄ．Of course, each airline has strict rules to avoid such births.

Immigration and citizenship have become important legal issues intoday’s globalized world. Yet, what happens when a mother gives birthon an international flight? For example, if a pregnant American woman
flies from Japan to Sweden and her baby is born while over Russia,
what citizenship does the newborn haveor Russian?（⑴

American, Japanese, Swedish）

Inflight births are uncommon, but they certainly occur. British
Airways has stated that a child is born aboard one of its planes about
once every year.（⑵）Typically, passengers cannot fly if they are

past the 24th week of their pregnancy, though different airlines may
have different limits. But in the end, it does not matter. Babies pay no
attention to rules. They come whenever they wish.
Perhaps the easiest way to handle the citizenship problem is toaward the child the same nationality as the mother. Another common
process is to grant citizenship according to the nation where the airline
company is registered. The United Nations backs this approach, with the＊place of birth then designated as the land from which the plane
departed.（⑶）The United States is one such country that does this.

While airlines try to avoid inflight deliveries, many are also honored
to welcome babies into the world. Some even present their newborns
with significant gifts. A handful of companies grant such children free
flights

for life! Others may present scholarships for the child’s future

study.（⑷）They are a clear reminder that our world is truly

international and that the lines between countries are not as precise as
they perhaps once were.

＊

（Ｂ）

Ａ．Some great literary works provide people with guiding principles
to create better societies.
Ｂ．It includes creative works of poetry and drama as well as fiction,
non-fiction, essays and technical writing.
Ｃ．Illustrated books also inspire young readers by fostering theircreativity and imaginative skills.
Ｄ．Literature took on a romantic note in the early 19th century
when folk traditions and legends were popular.

What is literature and why is it important in our lives? Literature
is a broad term used to describe all written and spoken material.
（⑸）

Literature has evolved through the different historical periods, witheach period emphasizing a different characteristic of literature. In the
18th century, literary works were often religious in nature.（ ⑹ ）The
latter half of the 19th century saw a more realistic and natural literarystyle that progressed into the modern literature of the 20th century.
The importance of literature for both adults and children cannot be
stressed enough. Literature introduces us to new worlds through books,
magazines, film and drama. Reading gives us new insights into an
author’s interpretation of things and helps us think and learn about
diversetopics.

It

is

a

means

of

expandingone’sknowledge

andvocabulary. By reading about a subject, a person can express his or her
views on the matter even without being an expert in that particularfield.
（⑺）A well-known example is found in Mark Twain’s Adventures＊

of Huckleberry Finn. Through this novel, Mark Twain argued against
slavery and the racist beliefs that most Americans held at the time.
Furthermore, books set in certain time periods help readers learn thehistory and culture of the given period. Research works by famous
inventors and scientists also serve as a valuable information base. As forchildren, they can learn correct spelling, punctuation and grammar
through reading, which in turn enhances their own writing skills.
（⑻）

It can thus be said without exaggeration that although language isthe medium of expression for literature, the real value of literature tosociety cannot be summed up in a few words.

＊

次の英文を読んで、質問に答えなさい。（＊印の語（句）は注を参考にするこ
と）
［各

点］

（Ａ）Born in the German city of Weil der Stadt, the astronomer andmathematician Johannes Kepler is credited with describing some of thefundamental principles of astrophysics. He was initially a teacher ofmathematics

atareligious

institution,

but

was

hired

by

variousnoblemen and members of royalty to carry out research in mathematics
and astronomy. In addition to his work on astrophysics and mathematics,
he helped to develop better telescopes by inventing a new version of therefracting* telescope. His work was referred to by Galileo Galilei in his
work on telescopy.
Although

his

work

was

wide-ranging

withvariousimportantcontributions, Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion are the most significant.
There are three of these laws which describe how planets orbit the sun.
These laws also apply to other objects in the solar system too. For
example, these laws also apply to comets that orbit the sun or satellites
that orbit the Earth. He was able to establish these laws throughobservations of objects in the night sky and subsequent calculations. The
first law tells us the orbit of planets around the sun is elliptical*, notcircular. The second law describes how the speed of the planet changes
at different points when travelling on the elliptical orbit. The third law
tells us information about the orbits of multiple planets orbiting the sun.
This third law is arguably the most important. He found that there wasa relationship between the time it took each planet to complete a single
orbit and distance from each object to the sun. This can be seen whencomparing Mercury with Neptune. Mercury is the closest planet to thesun and completes one orbit in 88 days, while Neptune, the furthest＊

known planet from the sun completes one orbit in 165 years. He spent hislife trying to figure out why this was the case but was unable to do so.
His work became the basis for others, such as Isaac Newton, todevelop their theories. Having studied Kepler’s work and conducting his
own research, Newton was abletodevelophis

universal

lawofgravitation. This law includes similar values to those mentioned in
Kepler’s third law. However, it was Newton who worked out that themass of the objects was important. He was also able to establish the
Universal Gravitational Constant*, also known as G. The existence of
this constant, G, and the relationship between it and an object’s mass
was the missing part to explain what Kepler had described in his third
law. It is arguable whether Newton would have been able to make his
discoveries without the work of Kepler.
In 2009, NASA launched the Kepler Space Telescope, in honor ofJohannes Kepler. The Kepler Space Telescope had a nine-and-a-half-year
mission, about three times longer than originally planned. During thistime the telescope observed over 500,000 stars and detected 2,662
planets

a fitting honor to connect to this great scientist.

［注］refracting: 屈折のelliptical: 楕円のthe Universal Gravitational Constant: 万有引力定数．本文の内容と一致するものはどれか。
Ａ．ガリレオと協力してケプラーは屈折望遠鏡を開発した。
Ｂ．惑星の軌道に関するケプラーの法則は彗星の軌道にも当てはまる。
Ｃ．ケプラーの業績が認められるようになったのは現代になってからである。
Ｄ．ケプラーの法則は数学と物理学の知識から導き出された後、観測で実証された。

＊

．本文の内容と一致するものはどれか。
Ａ．ケプラーは太陽からの惑星の距離とその公転にかかる時間の関係を発見した。
Ｂ．ニュートンの万有引力定数の存在はケプラーによって証明された。
Ｃ．ニュートンの万有引力定数にはケプラーが提唱した質量の観点が欠けていた。
Ｄ．ケプラーは惑星が軌道上を一定の速度で公転することを発見した。

＊

次のページに進みなさい＊

（Ｂ）As time passes, we expect that with technological progress things
will get better in some way. This usually means things becoming faster,
more efficient and more powerful. There is, however, in the area ofcommercial flight, an interesting case of the opposite being true, where a
considerably faster transport alternative was scrapped completely infavor of low speed options. It is the case of the Concorde, a supersonicairliner.
Supersonic is a term that refers to a speed greater than the speedof sound. This is a relative value and is measured using the term Mach,where Mach 1 is equal to the speed of sound. Many modern commercial
jet liners travel at a cruising speed of about Mach 0.85, which is
subsonic flight, also known as slower than the speed of sound flight. In
contrast, the Concorde’s maximum speed was Mach 2.05. In practicalterms, the 5,834 km journey between Paris and New York takes amodern commercial

jet

over

8.5

hours,

while

the

Concorde

could

complete this same journey in less than 3.5 hours.
When an aircraft is designed to cross the sound barrier, there aremany aerodynamic* and material science considerations. One thing isshock waves that are generated when crossing the sound barrier. These
shock waves cause loud booms that cause disturbances to people on the
ground nearby and can even cause minor damage to buildings. To
reducetheeffect

of

these

shock

waves,

theConcorde

had

some

noticeable differences in design. It was long and sleek with a pointed
nose. When viewed from above, the wings formed a Greek letter delta（Δ）shape. The engines were placed at the rear and near the main body,as opposed to out on the wings away from the main body. These
differences helped to reduce the shock waves generated and enabledpilots to keep control at supersonic speeds. Another unique feature was
the nose, which could be tipped downwards at takeoff and landing toallow the flight crew to see more clearly.

＊

Its first test flight took place in 1969, and then it came into
commercial use in 1976. Due to the problems caused by the shock waves,the airspace where they could fly at supersonic speeds was limited toover oceans only. This meant that transatlantic flights were the mainroutes flown. British Airways and Air France were the main carriers to
use the plane, mainly serving business people travelling between New
York and London or Paris. Flying on the Concorde was too expensive formost people.
On July 25, 2000, an Air France flight from Paris to New York
tragicallycrashed

soon

after

takeoff,

causingthedeathsof

109

passengers and crew and four others on the ground. The cause of thecrash was found and adjustments were made to the aircraft, but theimage of the plane was harmed. Passenger numbers gradually reduced,
causing the planes to be taken out of service in October 2003. This
marked a symbolic step back in the progress of air transport.

［注］aerodynamic: 空気（航空）力学の．超音速機について本文の内容と一致するものはどれか。
Ａ．

年の事故の原因は究明されなかった。

Ｂ．飛行速度が音速に近づくと衝撃波が起こった。
Ｃ．大陸上空では超音速飛行の利便性が生かせなかった。
Ｄ．エンジンは胴体から離れた左右翼の先端にあった。

．本文の内容と一致するものはどれか。
Ａ．コンコルドは実際には音速を超える飛行はしなかった。
Ｂ．コンコルドは離着陸時に機体の形を変更できた。
Ｃ．パリの墜落事故での生存者は人だった。

Ｄ．コンコルドの開発によって航空交通技術は一歩後退した。

＊

次の英文を読んで、質問に答えなさい。（＊印の語（句）は注を参考にするこ
と）
［各

点］

（Ａ）Acid indigestion is a common problem affecting millions of people
around the world. There are several other names for acid indigestion,
including upset stomach, acid reflux*, indigestion and heartburn*. As thename suggests, there is usually too much acid in the stomach, whichcauses a burning sensation in the stomach that can move up into thethroat. The intensity can range from being mildly uncomfortable toextremely painful. Some people suffer from it permanently, while mostpeople only experience it once in a while. Overeating, a poor sleeping
position or eating too much oily or spicy food can cause it. Sugary foods
and alcohol can also cause it.
Being a common problem, a variety of remedies are sold in
drugstores, and in some countries, you can even get remedies atconvenience stores. One widespread myth about acid indigestion is thatthe best way to reduce the symptoms is by drinking milk. This isprobably because milk is viewed as a comfort food, and it is often
considered to be good for the stomach. However, milk actually contains
acid, so it is not the best remedy for reducing stomach acid. Despite this,many still believe in the milk myth.
One scientifically surprising phenomenon is that freshly squeezed
lemon juice is much more effective for acid indigestion than milk.
Everyone knows lemons are high in acid, so how could they possibly begood for reducing acid? Oddly enough, when consumed, fresh lemon juice
magically neutralizes the acid in our system. So, if you are ever
suffering from acid indigestion, instead of drinking milk, try fresh lemon
juice mixed with cold or hot water. Make sure it is juice from fresh＊lemons because canned or bottled lemon juice usually has added sugar,
which can make acid indigestion worse. Fresh lemons may be one of thebest ways to reduce acid in the stomach.

［注］reflux: 逆流

heartburn: 胸やけ．What is the main topic of this passage?
Ａ．Acid indigestion and the benefits of drinking milk.
Ｂ．Stomach acid and how it can damage our health.
Ｃ．Acid indigestion and an effective remedy.
Ｄ．Why sweetened lemon juice reduces stomach acid.

．According to the passage, which of the following is true?
Ａ．Milk is often considered a good remedy for stomach acid.
Ｂ．Eating meat and less oily food can reduce acid indigestion.
Ｃ．The low acidity of lemon juice is the best cure for stomach acid.
Ｄ．Sleeping too much can sometimes cause acid indigestion.

＊

（Ｂ）Inrecentyears,

theUnitedStateshas

beenchallengedbycontroversies over whether or not monuments celebrating some of thedelicate aspects of American history should remain in public places. Thisis seen most in debates about the legacy of the Southern Confederacy*,
the governing body of slave-owning states that declared secession* in
1861, leading to the American Civil War. These monuments include
statues like that of Confederate President Jefferson Davis in New
Orleans, Louisiana and of significant military leaders, like General
Robert E. Lee in Charlottesville, Virginia（both of these statues haverecently been removed）. Many of these statues were built decades after
the Civil War. As some point out, this implies that such monuments
were erected to demoralize* southern black people who were fighting fortheir civil rights.
In the wake of Black Lives Matter* and other movements seeking
equal justice for the African American community, this issue has only
gotten larger over time. Many argue that statues like these memorialize
men whowhile they may have been brave leaders

were fighting topreserve slavery in America. This makes the monuments symbols of
racial oppression and violence that should not be maintained in public
spaces, which, by definition, are meant to be accessible to all citizens
equally. Advocates for their removal say these monuments would bebetter suited in museums or private collections, which people can visit
voluntarily, and where experts can place them within a historical context
for educational purposes.

［注］the Southern Confederacy: 南部連合

secession: 脱退

demoralize: 士気をくじくBlack Lives Matter: 黒人に対する差別撤廃を訴える運動＊

．What is the main topic of this passage?
Ａ．Current debates regarding the removal of monuments.
Ｂ．The ongoing celebration of American history.
Ｃ．The reasons why slavery was abolished in the United States.
Ｄ．The life and legacy of President Jefferson Davis.

．According to the passage, which of the following is true?
Ａ．Nobody knows much about the American Civil War anymore.
Ｂ．All Confederate monuments have been taken down.
Ｃ．Many people view monuments to the Confederacy as symbols ofracism.
Ｄ．The Confederacy worked hard to abolish slavery in the 19th
century.

＊

（Ｃ）One of the most basic necessities for human survival is shelter.
Since the rise of our species around 300,000 years ago, we have needed
protection from dangerous weather, rival humans and animal predators*.
We have also needed a safe place to rest. Before learning to build
structures, early humans sought shelter in caves and trees. Gradually,
humans began building basic structures with large stones and tree
branches, and later, as their tool-making technology developed, they
made tents using animal skins and bones. For tens of thousands ofyears, as we slowly spread throughout the world, we used whatevermaterials were available, but our home-building skills didn’t changemuch. This is because we were hunting and gathering to survive, notstaying in one place for long.
The ancient Celts, by this time no longer wandering from place toplace, built round houses supported by wooden poles, and walls madefrom wattle and daubsticks woven together like fabric and coatedwith clay or mud. Ancient Egyptians and Assyrians learned how tomake homes out of brick by drying clay in the sun. In colder, wetterclimates, slanted roofs appeared, allowing gravity to shed rain and snow.
Large, urban buildings in ancient Rome incorporated pipes with hotwater to produce central heating.
European homes in the Middle Ages were mostly wet, cold anddark. The poor, in particular, lived in simple houses with one room, dirt
floors, grass roofs and small windows without glass. People with moreresources could build stronger homes with stone or brick walls, tiled
floors, framed windows and better protection against harsh weather andintruders. The rich and powerful lived in castles and fortresses made of
thick stone walls to protect their property and resources from enemies.
The Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries broughtvast improvements in house-building technology and the production,
availability and quality of materials. Architects designed buildings based＊

on durability, practicality and beauty. Apartment complexes were built ingrowing cities to provide housing to rising populations, while the richand powerful built huge mansions on their large properties.
Modern housing varies greatly. Most children and young adults still
aspire to start a family and raise their children in their own singlefamily house like many grew up in, or wished they had been able to.
Others are unable or choose not to commit their time and income to a
30-year loan on a house, and they opt instead for rented accommodationin an apartment. Many apartment residents rent continuously for
decades or more. Urban professionals and elders who can afford itchoosetobuyacondominium.

These

often

look

apartment buildings. This option combines the

very

much

convenience

of

like
not

needing to spend so much time and money on home maintenance with
the investment potential of owning a property. But wherever they callhome, people generally have strong attachments toward it, hence thesaying, “There’s no place like home.”［注］predator: 捕食者．What is the main topic of this passage?
Ａ．The different ways of furnishing a house.
Ｂ．An overview of the various roles of housing.
Ｃ．How housing has evolved with the times.
Ｄ．How architects design and build houses.

．According to the passage, which of the following is true?
Ａ．Most poor people in the Middle Ages lived in simple caves.
Ｂ．Tents made with animal skins were invented in ancient Egypt.
Ｃ．Housing technology declined during the Industrial Revolution.
Ｄ．A variety of housing exists today to meet people’s needs.

＊外国語（英語）解答用紙

1

1

A

B C D

1

A

B C D

2

A

B C D

1

A

B C D E

（ 2 ）
F

A

B C D E

F

2

A

B C D

3

A

B C D

2

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

3

A

B C D

4

A

B C D

3

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

4

A

B C D

5

A

B C D

4

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

5

A

B C D

6

A

B C D

5

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

6

A

B C D

7

A

B C D

6

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

7

A

B C D

8

A

B C D

7

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

8

A

B C D

9

A

B C D

8

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

10

A

B C D

9

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

11

A

B C D

10

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

12

A

B C D

11

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

13

A

B C D

12

A

B C D EFA

B C D E

F

14

A

B C D

15

A

B C D

16

A

B C D

17

A

B C D

18

A

B C D

19

A

B C D

20

A

B C D

21

A

B C D

22

A

B C D

2

1

A

B C D

1

A

B C D

2

A

B C D

2

A

B C D

3

A

B C D

3

A

B C D

4

A

B C D

4

A

B C D

5

A

B C D

6

A

B C D

12点

（ 5 ）

24点

22点

4

１日［＊］

5

18点

3

24点