2020 Annual Report
Established in Stockholm 27 July 1928

ICRP 2020 Annual Report

ICRP Reference Number 4828-3163-0315
27 May 2021
© 2021 ICRP
www.icrp.org
UK Charity Number 1166304
Contact
Christopher Clement, ICRP Scientific Secretary and Editor-in-Chief of Annals of the ICRPInternational Commission on Radiological Protection, PO Box 1046, Station B
280 Slater Street Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5S9 CANADA(tel) +1 (613) 947-9750(fax) +1 (613) 944-1920
sci.sec@icrp.org

CHAIR’SFOREWORD

In 2020, the world faced the worst global
health crisis in decades as COVID-19 brought
unprecedented challenges, the consequencesof which will remain with us for years tocome. My thoughts, and those of my ICRP
colleagues, are with those who lost theirlives or loved ones, and the countless people
negatively impacted throughout this pandemic.
I remain optimistic that ongoing vaccination
programmes will mean the world can return to
its new normal however, and whenever that
may be.
Despite the restrictions presented by
COVID-19, ICRP was able to continue its
work with minimal disruption. Our face-toface meetings may have been cancelled but
the Main Commission, Scientific Secretariat,
Committees, and Task Groups continued tointeract via videoconferencing. Although thismeant early starts and late finishes for some,members rose to the challenge. In addition,
ICRP welcomed Charlotte White, our Brand
and Digital Media Specialist, to the staff of the
Scientific Secretariat.
January 1st saw the culmination of the Free theAnnals campaign, as all but the most recent
two-years of ICRP Publications became freeto-access for everyone, everywhere. As you
will see later in this report, the response waseven better than we envisaged. Thanks to the
support of organisations and individuals fromall over the world, two-year-old publications
will become freely available at the beginningof every year, indefinitely.
In late 2020, ICRP organised the International
Conference on Recovery After Nuclear
Accidents: Radiological Protection Lessons
from Fukushima and Beyond, hosted by
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA),
and in association with several Japanese,international, and other organisations. Thisvirtual experience attracted over 2500
delegates from more than 100 countries,
marking an unprecedented level ofparticipation. Nearly all the presentations,and on-demand content, are still available toaccess at www.icrprecovery.org.
ICRP has begun a review and revision of
the System of Radiological Protection and isengaging and consulting with more people
and organisations than ever before. As thestewards of the System, we understandthe importance of input from relevant
stakeholders, and the need to take time tolisten and consider all views. This engagement
process will in itself be a challenge, and successcan only be guaranteed through a collective
effort.
I will be stepping down from ICRP at the end ofJune 2021, after serving as Chair for the last 12
years. 1 July 2021 will be the commencement of
the next four-year term with a new Chair, ViceChair, Main Commission, and Committees.
Hence, this is my final ‘foreword’ and, withoutwishing to reminisce in detail, I should also
consider a short ‘backword’. It has been an
honour and privilege to serve as the Chair of
ICRP. I would like to thank all members fortheir dedication and support that has madethe journey together possible. I have met andworked with many incredible people, someof whom will remain lifelong friends. ICRP
has changed considerably and is now in astrong position to face the future. I have every
confidence that the new Main Commission
will work tirelessly to deliver the next set offundamental recommendations. I have often
quoted that you cannot drive forward byalways looking in the rear-view mirror andknow that, as ICRP heads for its centenary,
it will revise the System of RadiologicalProtection so that it will remain robust andpracticable for many years to come.

Claire Cousins
ICRP Chair
ICRP Annual Report 1

THE SYSTEM OF RADIOLOGICALPROTECTIONICRP develops the System of Radiological Protection for the public benefit.
The System takes account of the latest scientific knowledge, ethical values,
and practical experience. It is the basis of standards, legislation, guidance,
programmes, and practice worldwide.

The objective of the System is to contributeto an appropriate level of protection
for people and the environment against
the harmful effects of ionising radiation
exposure without unduly limiting theindividual or societal benefits of activities
involving radiation.
The System of Radiological Protection isbased on the latest science, social andethical values, with over a century ofexperience since the discovery of ionisingradiation.
ICRP recommendations are usedworldwide by intergovernmental andnongovernmental advisory and standard

Science

2 ICRP Annual Report

The IAEA International Basic Safety
Standards for Protection against
Ionising Radiation and for the Safetyof Radiation Sources is based heavily
on ICRP recommendations, as are thesimilar European Basic Safety Standards.
The International Labour Organization
Convention 115, Radiation Protection
Convention, General Observation 2015,refers specifically to the recommendationsof ICRP.

The System of Radiological Protection
forms the basis of radiological protection
standards, regulations, programmes,and practice world-wide

System ofRadiologicalProtection

Experience

setting agencies; government regulatory
authorities; educational, scientific,
and healthcare institutions; operators;
individual professionals; and others withan interest in radiological protection.

ValuesRADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION
FOR THE NEXT GENERATION
More than a decade since the current fundamental recommendations
were released, ICRP has opened a review and revision of the System ofRadiological Protection, ensuring it continues to protect people, animals,
and the environment for the next generation.

ICRP Annual Report 3

THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION
ON RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION

92YEARS INOPERATION

25
ACTIVETASKGROUPS

30
FORMALRELATIONS

Originally established at the Second
International Congress of Radiology
in 1928 as the International X-ray andRadium Protection Committee, today
ICRP is an independent international
charity registered in the UK, relying
on financial contributions and support
from governments, industry, agencies,
foundations, and individuals from aroundthe world.
ICRP consists of the Main Commission,
the Scientific Secretariat, four standing
Committees, and Task Groups establishedas needed to undertake specific work.
Members come from over 40 countries
and all disciplines relevant to radiologicalprotection. They are invited to join ICRP
as independent experts on a volunteer

146
NUMBERED
PUBLICATIONS300
MEMBERS

basis for four-year terms. Representativesof organisations in formal relations withICRP are regularly invited to both advise
the Main Commission and to participate inmeetings of the Committees. Individuals
from these organisations may be invited tobe members of Task Groups or to review
drafts of work in progress where theirexpertise is particularly relevant.
This structure supports a rigorous systemof peer review. The work of Task Groups
is reviewed by the relevant Committee(s),and then reviewed and approved by theMain Commission. During development,
most reports are circulated to several
organisations and individual experts forcritical review and all are posted for public
consultation through the ICRP website.

SCIENTIFIC
SECRETARIAT

MAIN COMMISSIONCOMMITTEE 1COMMITTEE 2COMMITTEE 3

COMMITTEE 4

Effects

Doses

Medicine

Application

TASK GROUPS
4 ICRP Annual ReportMAIN COMMISSION
The Main Commission consists of the Chair and up to twelve othermembers. The Main Commission is the governing body, setting the policy
and programme of work, and approving all official publications.

Back Row (L-R): Michiaki Kai (Japan), Werner Rühm (Germany), Dominique Laurier (France), John Harrison (United
Kingdom), Carl-Magnus Larsson (Australia), Sergey Romanov (Russian Federation), Simon Bouffler (United Kingdom)
Front Row (L-R): Kimberly Applegate (United States), Donald Cool (United States), Jacques Lochard (Vice-Chair, France),
Claire Cousins (Chair, United Kingdom), Christopher Clement (Scientific Secretary*, Canada), Kunwoo Cho (South Korea),
Senlin Liu (China)*The Scientific Secretary has not been a Main Commission member since 1988, but continues to be integral to the work of theMain Commission, often serving as the representative of ICRP.

SCIENTIFIC SECRETARIATThe Scientific Secretariat manages the daily business of ICRP, and theScientific Secretary often represents ICRP at international meetings.
Top Row (L-R):
Christopher Clement, Scientific Secretary;
Lynn Lemaire, Executive Administrator;
Kelsey Cloutier, Development andCommunications Manager
Bottom Row (L-R):
Hiroki fujita, Assistant Scientific Secretary;
Chunsheng Li, Assistant Scientific Secretary;
Charlotte White, Brand and Digital MediaSpecialist
Not Pictured: Toshihiro Higuchi, Historian
ICRP Annual Report 5

COMMITTEE 1: EFFECTS
Committee 1 considers the effects of radiation action from the subcellular
to population and ecosystem levels, including the induction of cancer,
heritable and other diseases, impairment of tissue/organ function anddevelopmental defects, and assesses implications for protection of people
and the environment.

Back Row (L-R): Quanfu Sun (China), Mikhail Sokolnikov (Russian Federation), Michael
Hauptmann (Netherlands), Andrzej Wojcik (Vice Chair, Sweden), Richard Wakeford (United
Kingdom)
Front Row (L-R): Kazuo Sakai (Japan), Kotaro Ozasa (Japan), Gayle Woloschak (UnitedStates), Werner Rühm (Chair, Germany), Tamara Azizova (Russian Federation), Jacqueline
Garnier-Lapace (Secretary, France), Sisko Salomaa (Finland)>

2020
Meeting
Summary

NOT PICTURED: Dan Stram (United States), Preetha Rajaraman (India)

COMMITTEE 2: DOSE
Committee 2 develops dosimetric methodology for the assessment ofinternal and external radiation exposures, including reference biokinetic
and dosimetric models and reference data and dose coefficients, for use in
the protection of people and the environment.

Back Row (L-R): Jizeng Ma (Invitee from IAEA), Derek Jokisch (United States), Augusto
Giussani (Germany), Alexander Ulanowski (Austria), Nina Petoussi-Henss (Germany), Wesley
Bolch (Secretary, United States), Eric Blanchardon (France)
Front Row (L-R): François Paquet (Vice Chair, France), John Harrison (Chair, United Kingdom),
Maria Antonia Lopez (Spain), Tracy Smith (United Kingdom), Tatsuhiko Sato (Japan),
Volodymyr Berkovskyy (Ukraine), Chan Hyeong Kim (South Korea)
NOT PICTURED: Rich Leggett (United States), Junli Li (China)

6 ICRP Annual Report>2020
Meeting
SummaryCOMMITTEE 3: MEDICINE
Committee 3 addresses protection of persons and unborn children when
ionising radiation is used in medical diagnosis, therapy, and biomedical
research, as well as protection in veterinary medicine.

Back Row (L-R): Keon Kang (South Korea), Sandor Demeter (Canada), David Sutton (United
Kingdom), Reinhard Loose (Germany), Lodewijk van Bladel (Belgium), Yantao Niu (China)
Front Row (L-R): William Small (United States), Colin Martin (Vice Chair, United Kingdom),
Kimberly Applegate (Chair, United States), Madan Rehani (Secretary, United States), Josep
Marti-Climent (Spain), Makato Hosono (Japan)
NOT PICTURED: Marie-Claire Cantone (Italy), Michel Bourguignon (France), Jamila Alsuwaidi(UAE), Claudia Rübe (Germany)>

2020
Meeting
Summary

COMMITTEE 4: APPLICATION
Committee 4 provides advice on the application of the Commission’s
recommendations for the protection of people and the environment in an
integrated manner for all exposure situations.

Back Row (L-R): Thierry Schneider (France), Miroslav Pinak (Invitee from IAEA), Catrin Koch
(Sweden), Mike Boyd (United States), John Takala (Canada), François Bochud (Switzerland),
Sergey Shinkarev (Russian Federation), David Copplestone (United Kingdom)
Front Row (L-R): Gillian Hirth (Australia), Eduardo Gallego (Spain), Toshimitsu Homma(Japan), Donald Cool (Chair, United States), Kathryn Highley (Vice-Chair, United States),
Jean-François Lecomte (Secretary, France), Anne Nisbet (United Kingdom), Analia Canoba(Argentina), Yahong Mao (China), Nicole Martinez (United States)>

2020
Meeting
Summary

NOT PICTURED: Nobuhiko Ban (Japan)

ICRP Annual Report 7

TASK GROUPS
Active as of 31 December 2020
TG 36

TG 64

TG 72

TG 79

Radiation Dose toPatients in Diagnostic
Nuclear Medicine

Cancer Risk
from Alpha Emitters

RBE and Reference
Animals and Plants

Use of Dose
Quantities in RP

Co-Chairs:
Eric Blanchardon
Richard Wakeford

Chair:
Kathryn A. Higley

Chair:
John Harrison

Chair:
Augusto Giussani

TG 89

TG 91

TG 95

Occupational RP
in Brachytherapy

Radiation Risk
Inference at Low-doseand Low-dose Rate
Exposure for RP Purposes

Internal Dose
Coefficients

Chair:
Lawrence T. Dauer

Chair:
Werner Rühm

Chair:
François Paquet

TG 96

TG 97

TG 98

Computational
Phantoms andRadiation Transport

Surface and Near
Surface Disposal of
Solid Radioactive
Waste

Exposures Resulting fromContaminated Sites from
Past Industrial, Military
and Nuclear Activities

Chair:
Wesley E. Bolch

Chair:
John Takala

Chair:
Michael Boyd

TG 99

TG 102TG 103

Reference Animals
and Plants (RAPs)
Monographs

Detriment Calculation
Methodology

Mesh-type Reference
Computational
Phantoms (MRCP)

Chair:
Nobuhiko Ban

Chair:
Chan Hyeong Kim

Chair:
Jacqueline
Garnier-Laplace
8

Click on a Task Group to learn more about their workTASK GROUPS
Active as of 31 December 2020
TG 105TG 106

TG 108

Considering theEnvironment when
Applying the System
of RP

Activities involving
Mobile High Activity
Sources

Optimisation of RP in
Digital Radiography,
Fluoroscopy, and CT in
Medical Imaging

Chair:David Copplestone

Chair:
Donald A. Cool

Chair:
Colin Martin

TG 109TG 110TG 111

Ethics in RP for
Medical Diagnosis
and Treatment

RP in
Veterinary Practice

Co-Chairs:Marie-Claire Cantone
François Bochud

Co-Chairs:
Lodewijk Van Bladel
Nicole Martinez

Factors Governing
the Individual
Response of Humans
to Ionising Radiation

TG 112TG 113

TG 114Emergency
Dosimetry

Reference Organ andEffective Dose Coefficientsfor Common Diagnostic
X-ray Imaging Examinations

Reasonablenessand Tolerability in
the System of RP

Co-Chairs:
Nina Petoussi-Henss
Donald Sutton

Chair:
Thierry Schneider

TG 115

TG 116

TG 117

Risk and Dose
Assessment for RP
of Astronauts

RP Aspects of
Imaging inRadiotherapy

RP in PETand PET/CT

Chair:
Werner Rühm

Chair:
Colin Martin

Chair:
Volodymyr
Berkovskyy

Chair:
Simon Bouffler

Chair:
Josep M.
Martí-Climent

Click on a Task Group to learn more about their work9

2020 HIGHLIGHTS

On the first of January, all but the last
two years of ICRP publications weremade free to access, thanks to the manyorganisations and individuals that
supported the Free the Annals initiative.

Five new ICRP publications were released:•

ICRP Publication 146 RadiologicalProtection of People and theEnvironment in the Event of a Large
Nuclear Accident

Strategic Priorities for 2020-2024 wereset, emphasising review and refinement of
the System of Radiological Protection.

•

ICRP Publication 145 Adult Mesh-type
Reference Computational Phantoms•

ICRP Publication 144 Dose Coefficientsfor External Exposures to Environmental
Sources•

ICRP Publication 143 PaediatricComputational Reference Phantoms•

Proceedings of the Fifth International
Symposium on the System ofRadiological Protection

The ICRP Foundation Fund was establishedto foster the sustainability of ICRP’s missionof advancing radiological protection
for the public benefit, and to provide amechanism for supporters who prefer tocontribute to this long-term goal rather
than the day-to-day activities of ICRP.
Although some ICRP work was stalled dueto the pandemic, much of ICRP’s work has
been done remotely making adaptation to
the circumstances less difficult.
The Main Commission meeting planned tobe held in conjunction with IRPA 15 in May
was cancelled, and the first ever virtual
meeting of the Main Commission was held
in November.
The new ICRP Mentorship Programme was
highly successful with 17 mentees active ineight Task Groups in its first year, although
the pandemic limited face-to-face contact.
ICRP held the virtual International
Conference on Recovery After Nuclear
Accidents: Radiological Protection Lessons
from Fukushima and Beyond in December,hosted by Japan Atomic Energy Agency,
originally planned to be held in Iwaki City
(Fukushima), attracting more than 2500
people from over 100 countries.

10 ICRP Annual Report

ICRU Report 95 Operational Quantities
for External Radiation Exposure wasreleased, a joint report of ICRU and ICRP.
Two draft publications were released
for public consultation, with consultation
periods extended to accommodate
pandemic challenges:•

Cancer Risk from Exposure to Plutonium
and Uranium•

Radiation Detriment Calculation
Methodology

TOGETHER WE FREED THE ANNALS!
On 1 January 2020, all but the last two years of ICRP publications weremade free to access.

211,324
Full-Text Downloads

This marked a permanent change to theway the world can access Annals of the
ICRP. All issues of Annals of the ICRP are
now free to download two years after
their initial publication. This took effect at
the end of 2019, when all of issues up to2017 (up to ICRP Publication 137) became
free-to-access. Almost immediately uponmaking 95% of our work free-to-accessat the start of 2020, global downloads
increased and it hasn’t slowed down
since. Thank you to everyone who
contributed to this monumental success!

83,74456,525

2018

2019

2020

ICRP Annual Report 11

RELEASED IN 2020
PUBLICATION 143

Paediatric Computational Reference
Phantoms
Recommended citation
ICRP, 2020. Paediatric Computational Reference
Phantoms. ICRP Publication 143. Ann. ICRP 49(1).
Authors on behalf of ICRP
W.E. Bolch, K. Eckerman, A. Endo, J.G.S. Hunt, D.W.
Jokisch, C.H. Kim, K-P. Kim, C. Lee, J. Li, N. PetoussiHenss, T. Sato, H. Schlattl, Y.S. Yeom, M. Zankl

PUBLICATION 144

Dose Coefficients for External Exposures
to Environmental Sources
Recommended citation
ICRP, 2020. Dose coefficients for external exposures toenvironmental sources. ICRP Publication 144. Ann. ICRP
49(2).
Authors on behalf of ICRP
N. Petoussi-Henss, D. Satoh, A. Endo, K.F. Eckerman,
W.E. Bolch, J. Hunt, J.T.M. Jansen, C.H. Kim, C. Lee,
K. Saito, H. Schlattl, Y.S. Yeom, S.J. Yoo

PUBLICATION 145

Adult Mesh-type Reference
Computational Phantoms
Recommended citation
ICRP, 2020. Adult mesh-type reference computational
phantoms. ICRP Publication 145. Ann. ICRP 49(3).
Authors on behalf of ICRP
C.H. Kim, Y.S. Yeom, N. Petoussi-Henss, M. Zankl,
W.E. Bolch, C. Lee, C. Choi, T.T. Nguyen, K. Eckerman,
H.S. Kim, M.C. Han, R. Qiu, B.S. Chung, H. Han, B. Shin

12 ICRP Annual Report

RELEASED IN 2020
PUBLICATION 146

Radiological Protection of People andthe Environment in the Event of a Large
Nuclear Accident
Recommended citation
ICRP, 2020. Radiological protection of people and theenvironment in the event of a large nuclear accident:
update of ICRP Publications 109 and 111. ICRP Publication
146.Ann. ICRP 49(4).
Authors on behalf of ICRP
M. Kai, T. Homma, J. Lochard, T. Schneider, J.F. Lecomte,
A. Nisbet, S. Shinkarev, V. Averin, T. Lazo

ICRP 2019 Proceedings

Proceedings of the Fifth International
Symposium on the System ofRadiological Protection
Recommended citation
ICRP, 2020. Proceedings of the Fifth International
Symposium on the System of Radiological Protection.
Ann. ICRP 49(S1), 2020.

ICRU Report 95

Operational Quantities for External
Radiation Exposure
Prepared jointly with ICRPThis Report recommends alternative definitions of theoperational quantities that are better estimators of theprotection quantities than those previously given, that
instrument manufacturers and developers develop revised
instruments that conform to these recommendations, andthat international and national authorities recognize theneed for a gradual and prudent period of adoption tobalance the costs of implementation with the benefit of amore coherent system of operational quantities.

ICRP Annual Report 13

ICRP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEON RECOVERY AFTER NUCLEAR
ACCIDENTS
RADIOLOGICALPROTECTION LESSONSFROM FUKUSHIMA AND
BEYOND
Hosted by Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), and in association withseveral Japanese, international, and other organisations, we brought theworld together to discuss recovery after nuclear accidents. Timed aroundthe release of ICRP Publication 146 on the same topic, most presentations
can still be accessed by visiting www.ICRPrecovery.org

The Conference in Numbers

2000+
LIVE
ATTENDEES

100+

COUNTRIES

2500+
DELEGATES

148

PRESENTATIONS

14 ICRP Annual Report

12000+WEB VIEWSFINANCES

2017

2018

2019

2020

1 012 503

1 111 734

1 017 495

761 044184 722229 585

124 153

189 79300085 391

1 197 225

1 341 319

1 141 648 1 036 208

Promotion of Radiological Protection

929 988

430 422781 865

315 982

Governance Costs

477 652509 784494 158438 986

Other Resources Expended

16 418(6 832)34 531

4 744

Total Resources Expended

1 424 058

933 374

1 310 554

759 712NET MOVEMENT IN RESOURCES(266 833)

407 945(168 906)

277 268

251 368

659 313490 407767 675

INCOMING RESOURCES
Contributions Received
Royalties
Other
Total Incoming Resources

RESOURCES EXPENDED

TOTAL FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD

All figures in CAD
ICRP Annual Report 15

GLOBAL SUPPORTERS
The contributions from these organisations allow ICRP to further our
programme of work, paving the way for the advancement of the systemof radiological protection globally. Want to join this growing list oforganisations at the forefront of radiological protection? Contact us.

Danish Radiation Protection Authority (SIS)
16 ICRP Annual ReportORGANISATIONS IN FORMALRELATIONSICRP maintains formal relations with other organisations with an interest inradiological protection through specific agreements, or by granting Special
Liaison status to organisations whose work is relevant to ICRP’s mandate.
Organisations currently in formal relations with ICRP are shown below.

Electrical Equipmentin Medical Practice(IEC/TC62)

Nuclear
Instrumentation(IEC/TC45)

ICRP Annual Report 17

Come for the waves,
Stay for the mountains.
See you at ICRP2021.

6th International Symposium on the
System of Radiological Protection

Brought to you by:International Commission
on Radiological Protection

Canadian Nuclear
Safety Commission

Canadian Radiation
Protection Association

Health Canada