lSSN O912−7410

No．10 JULY1989．ヽ ノIJり ▲ヾリJ「＝ll′′ll．．IJ．†J

lⅣrE月〃ArJOⅣA￡

エA∬古 EⅣmβ．Ⅳ〃EⅣr CO〟〟JrrEE FOぴⅣpArJOⅣ−For Better Lake Management▲This Newsretteris also availableinJapanese．

lLEC F］RST GUIDELINE BOOK ON LAKE MANAGEMENT
HAS BEEN PUBLISHED．
May9wasILEC Sfirstguideline．bookpubrished．A
a＄PeCt＄Oflakemanagement．However，intheplannlng＄erie＄OfGuidelinebookshasbeenplannedtopresent Pha＄eitisabsoIutelyneces＄arytOCOnSiderthesocial−alla＄PeCtS Oflake management．The first volume，economic a＄PeCt＄and therefore these aspects areentitled PrincIPIes of Lake Management，PreSentSthe
includedin chapter 8，named Pranning for Sound
COnCePtS and too［s，that everybody deallng Withlake
management of Lake Environments．
management must havein common，independent on
Chapter＄1−8formspartA，WhilepaTt＄Bconsistsof
Whethertheapproachisfrom ascientific，engineering，
thre8 CaSe Stud弓es．
＄OCial−eCOnOmic，management Or POliticaIview point・
Chapter9is about Laguna de Bay Region，Whichi u＄trate＄YeryClearlytheconflictinlakemanagementof
mo＄tdeve10Plng COUntrie＄between deve［opment andnature and between exp10itation and water resources．
ChapterlO give＄an OVerView of management of
re＄erVOirsin Brazil，Particularlythe problems resulting
management．
fromtheaccompanieddeforestration，increa＄edsoiland
The fir＄t Chapter namedintroduction gives＄Ome
Water PO＝ution，from the dam construction and thegeneralholisticideas onlake management．
Current deterioration of the water quality．
Thesecondchapterisdevotedtoeco＄yStemCOn−
Thelastca＄eStudyisSagulingDam，Indonesia．The
CePtS．Howisalakeworkinga＄aneCO＄yStem？Howis Chapterfocusesonthe projectimpactonthe environ−its function，StrUCtUre and processes．
mentand the enYironmentalimpacts on the project．1t
The third chapter lists all the pollution problems incrudesaratherdetaileddi＄Cu＄＄ionontheresettlement
related to lake management and the causes of the
OfthedispIacedpopulation−aPrOblemwMchmustnot
PrOblems．
be forgottenin the prannlng Of reservoirs．
Chapterfourattempttoassesstheprob（emfroma
lnanappendixisaninve＄tigationfIowcharts，Whichqualitativeandpartlyaquantativeviewpojnt．Aquanta−
glVeS reCOmmendation on whatto examinein the first

Theidea behind the Guideline book numberoneis toglVe the variou＄ aPPrOaChe＄ ＄O tO Say a COmmOn
Fanguagetogiveabetterunderstandingamongvariou＄
expertsinlakemanagement．1timplie＄thatthi＄guidelhebookis recommendableto everybodyinvoIvedin［aketiveassessmentrequlreS，however，amaSSbalanceand
thereforeis chapterfive devotedtothea＄Se＄＄mentOf
ma5S balan￠e＄．

ChapteT6isnamed useofModels andpresentthe
application of this powerFulmanagement toolinlake
management．

Nowwhentheassessmentoftheproblemi＄madeand maybe even an eco10gicalmodeldeveloped a＄management tooL，We need to know which remedialtechniques，Weareabletoapplytoachievethemanage−
mentgoal＄．ThereforethenextchapteroverviewsaIlthe
available techniques，those based on environmental
techno10gy aS We as those ba＄ed on ecotechno10gy
includinglake restoration methods．
Chaptersl−7 covers the scientific−engineering

や．′ふ「−

THE PROBLEM
hand，When alake management proJeCtis starLed・
J．Oyerb8￠〟
Thevolumeisterminatedwitharathercomprehen−
StVeindex．
Chapter 5
La＄tbutnotl由st：thebookhastwoforeword＄，One
ASSESSMENT OF MASS BP;LANCE
byG・N・Golubev，formerassistantexecutivedErectorof
RA．VoJJe〃Ⅳej廿Or
UNEPandT．Kira．chairmanofthescientificcommitteeof
lLEC．
Chapter 6
USE OF MODELS
S．EJl∂√9e〃8e〃（D

Chapt￠r7
REMEDIAL TECHN［QUES
S．EJ8√9即さ即＆凡A．VoJJe〃〝○柑er
血○畑mP■00■bd仙O一口…g由mOnt

帽Cy（：＝ng

Chapte【8PLANNIN（〕FOR SOUND MANAGEMENT OF LAKEENVIRONMENTS〟．〃aねmlJra，〟．〃a頭f爪0ね，ノ．G．TuJld′s′＆C．βauer
PART B：CASE STUDIESⅧv細山OnOt8glMdm即明押m即l叫Ⅳ・

CONTENTPART A：GENERAL PRINCIPLES

Chapt即今
LAGUNA DE BAY REG10N〟．L Ca′由〃aS，ノ．D．Ce〃I即0．J√．＆⊥．AⅥJo√ねChapter 10
MANAGEMENT OF RESERVOIRS LN BRAZIL
J．G．れJ〃dねf

Ghapter 1
GENERAL lNTRODUCTlON
8．EJ￠呵即S即＆凡A・VoJJe〃We柑er

Chapter H
ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTOFTHESAGULING
DAM
E βrlJ山′5WOrO

Chapter 2
ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS
J．Oye√b（〉￠欠Chapter 3
PROBLEMS OF．LAKES AND RESERVOIRS
S．亡．ノ￠r9enS即＆RA・VoJJe〃Ⅳe柑Or⊆hapter4
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTATIVE ASSESSMENT OF

AppendはFLOW CHART
J．G．m〃d′sf＆ノ．Oye√b8C〟
lNDEX
S．EJ lrg8nSen（β帥爪a州
Secretary．lnternationalSocietyofEco10gicalModelling

lnternationalLake Environment Committee Foundation

outLine of proJeCt Plans for1989and，90
1．Objectives

TheobjectivesoflLECaretOadvanceintemational
cooperationforconservationoflakeenvironments・tO

promoteenvironmentallysoundmanagementofworld
lakesthroughencourag■ng■nVe＄tigationsandresearchon rationaland suitable methods for sustainable de−ve■opment，and tointernationa y exchange scientific2knowledgeonlakeenvironmenta］management・［norderto acMevethese objectives．1LEC shallimpLementthe
followIng PrOJeCt Plans between1989and1990・

2．Project plans（1）suTVey Ofthe State ofWorld Lakes
Thi＄PrOJeCtCOnSistsofco ectingand analyzlng
limnologicaldata（physicalgeography，Physicalche−mistry and hydrobioIogy）and socio−eCOnOmic data
（resources use，enVironmentalmanagement，andde−
Velopment plans and activities）onlakes．
1n this pe（iod，data on about1501akes wi be
COIlected and data−ba＄ed onthe sameformat；Data−
Book（Vol．2）wi bdpublished；VoIume20flndepth
Studies on se］ectedlakes wi

be edited and com−economicProblemsofLakeEnvironmentalManage−ment
edited by Dr．Hashimoto and Vol．4 山Lake
Management and Toxicsubstance＄ ，（tentative）
edited by Prof．Matsuiare planned to be publishedaroundJune，1990．
（4）Assistance tolnternationalLake Conference
ThelntemationalConferenceontheConservationand ManagementofLakesi＄tO be held everyother

Piled．
year．
（2）Traini咽Projects
Work＄hop／Seminaronregiona］JdeveIopmentand
The4thconferencewi beheldatLakeXiHu，in
COnSerVation oflake environmentsin deve10P［ngHangzhou，P・R・China．1LEC wi［lprovide necessary
assistancejnplannlngandpreparationofthisconfer−
COuntriesisbeingpromoted bylLEC．United Nations
encetothesponsorlngOrganizationssuchasEPAof
CentreofRegionalDeve10Pment（UNCRD）andUnited
China，CRAES，EPAofZhejiang Provinceand Hang−
Nations Environmenta）Programme（UNEP）．This
Zhou City Government，
three−yearPrOjectaimstoproducetraining materials（5）Information SerYices and Publicatior）S
and training moduIes for practicaluse．
ThenextWorkshop／Seminarwi beheldinOtsu，lnformationonlLECactivitiesandprojectoutput
JapanonthesubjectofRiver／LakeBasinApproachlo
WiFlbeprovidedforconcernedpeopIeandorganiza−
Environmentally SoLJnd Management of Water ReT
tion＄．1n orderto stimulate citizen s concern onlake
environmentalconservation，lLEC wi prepare and
SOurCeS，for about two weeksin the middle ofFebruary，1990．Policymakers，WaterreSOUrCemana−makeuppamphletsandleafletsonlakeenvironmentaI
gersandpractitionersfromcasestudyreg10nSSUChas
PrOblemsfromtimetotime．Presently，lLECNewslet−
BraziI，China，lndone＄ia，Kenya，ThaiIand，PhiIippmes，teris published four times a year．
andotherAsian，Africanand LatinAmericancountries（6）Technicalas＄istanceto deve10Pingcountries
This rleW training course willbe designed to
Wi par（icipateirIthis Workshop／Seminar．
Next，thetrainingcoursetobehe［datlrkut＄kand
PrOVideinstruction on the u＄e OfIake water quality
measLIrementeqUipment，Jti＄Plannedto be heIdin
LeningradAugust29toSeptemberlO，1989byUSSR
anflaround Lake Biwa，foraboutten weeks from
EnvironmentalProtection Committeei＄＄UPPOrted by
Januaryto March，1990JAboutfive or＄ixengineers
lLEC，Whowi provideresourcepersonnelandtrain−
ing materiaIs．This seminar・is pIannedforprovidingfrom Deve10Ping Countries willparticipateinthis
techniquesand know−howon environmentallysoundtrainln！I．
（7）EnvironmentaIEducation（E．E．）
managementoflakesforadrninistrative officialsfrom
Lake Chad Basin（Chad，The Cameroon，NigerandThi＄PllotproleCtaim＄tOeXaminethepossibilitie
Nigeria）in A什ica．
Ofteaching methods andteGhniques jntegrating en−
Dr．L．V．Soko10V，Projectco−Ordinator，Centrefor Vironmentalscienceinto schooIcurricu［um and tolnternationalproiects，USSR State CorTmittee for
PrOduce teaching E．E．material＄and curricuIum forEnvironmentalProtectionand Dr．A．V．Leonov，Senior
Prlmary＄Chooland／OrJuniorhighschooIpupiIs．Thisis
PreSentlybeinginvestigated bylLECspecialistsand
Scientific Researcher，ln＄titute for Water Problems，
USSR Academy of Sciences w‖traveIto thelLEC
SChoolteachersinDenmarkandJapan（ShigaPrefec−
OfficeinJapan，tOdiscusstheseminarprogrammeinture）．Afterestablishinga＄yStemOfpromotingE．E．in
midJuly．
the countries concerned and de＄igning a working（3）Guidelines
PIan，theplrOtPrOLeCtissettogointoeffectduringthe
A series of text books containlng basic know−
Iatterhalfofthisyear，andwil［becontinued untilthe
ledge for practitioners about environmentally soundend o†1990．
rnana9ement Oflakes wi be pubIished．
Theresultsofthepl10tPrOJeCtWilIbesummarized
Vol・l Principles of Lake Management （in En−
and distributed tolnternationa10rganizations andNationalAgenciesin￠harge oIE．E．
glish）waspublishedinApril，1989，andisavailablefor
l，500Yen（incFuding delivering costs）．
（8）Managementand Busine＄＄administration
VoI・3、 Shoreline ManagementofLakesand Re−
The GeneraIMeeting oflLEC Foundationis
SerVOirs ，edited by Prof．JcIrgenSen，VoI．2
SociaI−
Planned to be herdinIate February，1990．

BUREAU MEETING OFILEC SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEEIN NAIROBl
The Bureau Meeting of［LECScientificCommittee
Whichhad beensuspendedsinceJanuarywasheld at

Hilton HoteIin Nairobi，On May16−17．Four Bureau
Members（C・E・Bauer，T．N．Khoshoo，S．E．JG，rgenSen
3and S．Matsui）and UNEP observers（H．SakimLLra，）．
BaIek and M．Nakayama）attended and discussed thetol10Wl咽a！lenda：
1．PROGRESSIN1988／89
2．NEWILEC SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE MEMBERS
3．ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCAT10N PROJECT
4．4TH WORLD LAKE CONFERENCEIN CHINAIHANGZHOU 90
5．5TH WORLD LAKE CONFERENCE
6．COOPERAT10N WITH W．M．0
7．CbopERAT10N WITH UNEP AFTER1991
8，USSR TRAINING COURSE FOR SPECIALISTS OF
LAKE CHAD BASIN
9．PROPOSALS FROM PROF．TUNDIS［．
SecretariatreportedthatalO−WeektechnicaltTain

talEducation，tOeXPlorefuturecooperationwiththem．
Amongpropo＄eddraftideaswere：SurveyoftheStateof
WorldLakes（PhaseH），aPPlicationofremotesensingto
inland water monitorrng and management，POSt−
graduatecourse＄，hydro10glCalandwatermanagernent
aspectsofAfricanLakes，andlakeenvironmentaleduca−
tion．
TRAINING COURSE ON LAKE MANAGEMENTFOR SPECIALISTS FROM LAKE CHAD BASIN．

Lakechadisin a state of deterioration，and
manpowerdeveIomentwillbe needed toimprovethe
lakeregIme．Thisfactha＄attraCtedconsiderableattenTtion，and presentactivity of UNEP EMINWA projectis
tocused pn thelake．
lng COurSe aimed at enhanclng the capabilities of
1n viewthe situation，UNEPand USSR State Com−
engineerstomaintainwater−qualitymeasurementfaci
mitteeforEnvironmentProtection，hassociationwiththeties was scheduled for1990inJapan，in addition to
USSR Academy of Sciences andlnternationalLake
OngOinglLEC／UNCRD／UNEP joint work＄hop＄Which
EnvironmentCommitteelILEC），P［anatrainingcour＄eOnfocus on policy aspects oflake management・
lakernanagementforspeciali＄tSfromLakeChadBasin．
Prof．Jorgensen reported the completion ofVol．1
Thecoursewi beheldinlrkutskandLeningradfrom29
PrinciplesofLakeManagement．Theneedforadvanc−August tolO September for mid to highlevelwater
1ng the publication schedule of subsequent voIumes
resources managementspecialistsfrom countriessitu−（Vol，2 Principle＄ Of Lake Management：Socio−
atedin the Lake Chad Basin．
economic aspect＄ ■），VoI．31 Lakeshore management ，Thistwo−WeektrainlngCOurSeisbasicallybasedon
Vo］，4 Toxic Substances ）was stressed．
theexperienceof thelnstitute of Limnology，USSR
Prof．Tundisi s proposals that：a）lLEC supportthe
Academyof
Sciencesin
Leningrad，Lake Sevhan
OrganizationofaWorkshop／SymposiumhApri11990in
S．Carlosunderthe、generalthemeof Re＄erVOirsofLaNationalParkinArmenia，and Limno10glCallnstitute at
Lake 8aikal．
PlataBasin：Eco10gyandManagementforMultipleUses，
ILECi＄eXPeCted to cooperatein this course byandb）lLECsupportstheorganizationofaSILmeetingin
Sending
twolecturer＄（e．g．alecture on Peculiarities
Braziltn19920r1995，Were aGCePted・
andprobIemsofAfricanLakesinComparativeAnalysIS
Afterthemeeting，bureaumembersandsecretariat
With Other Lakes ），and providing mat9ria］s produced
Staff met with UNEP／GEMS Unit．UNEP／Water Unit，
throughlLEC／UNCRD／UNEPjointExpertGroupWork−
Chinese and USSR delegates，FAO／Water Re＄OUrCeS
Deve10ment，UNESCO／lHP，andUNESCO／Environmen− 5hops．

THE15TH SESS10N OF UNEP S GOVERNING COUNCIL
ln one ofthe mostimportantenvironrrlentalmeet−ingsinyear＄the United NationsEnvironmentProgram−me s15th governing Councilwas held at UNEP s
HeadquartersinNairobifrom15to26May，tOaSSeSSthe
StateOftheworld environmentalcommunity seffortsto
PreVent mOuntin9enVironmentaldegradation・
lt came on the heeLs of severalimportant gov−
emmentalacMevement＄Within the UNEP framework−
the March 22＄ignlng by43countrie＄Of the Basle
Conservationqnthetransboundarymovementanddis−
PerSalofhazardouswastes；COmmitmentsbythe＄igna−
tories ofthe MontrealProtoco［andtheViennaConven−tion to take more concerted and effective action in thefighttopreventfurtherdepIetionoftheozonelayer；and
newmeasurestoaddre＄＄thethreatofclimaticchange．
1．The two years since the14th se＄Sion of the4

Governing Councilhave seen a dramaticincrease事n
COnCernfortheenvironmentwhichhasbecomeamaJOr
i＄SUeforpeopleandpollCymakersata Ievels ，SaidDr．
Mo＄tafa K．Tolba，UNEP．＄ Executive Directorin his
report to the Governing Council．
TheExecutiveDirector s1989ReportchaTaCterized
the nature of UNEP s rolein promotingintemational
environmentalactionintermsoffourCs：Conceptualiza−
tion，Co−Ordination，Catalysis and Codification．UNEP
identifies environmentalproblems；develops action
Plans to addre＄＄them；COOrdinates the work of UN
agencies and governments，enCOUraglng them to takeactionto protectthe environment；and assiststhem todeve10Ptheforumsandagreementstodealwiththem・AnimportantaspectofthisworkisUNEP seffortstospur
technicalco−OPeration with developing countries onenvironmentalissues．

TheCouncilconsideredfocusingitsfutureenviron−mentalprogrammeonacertainnumberofkeylSSueS：−atmOSPhereandclimaticchange，eS＄entiallyglob−
ar warmlng and climatic change，OZOne Fayer
depletion and acid rain；−fresh water−SuPPly and quantity；−OCeanSand coastalareas−PO ution and coastaI
ZOne management；−land degradation，incIuding deseT Eification；−improvement of biologicaldiversity，addressing
theis＄ue Ofdeforestation，Particularly oftropICar

Planet．TMsispreciselythereasonwhyourcommittee
exsists，Particutarly concernrng wateTinlake＄，Which
COnStitute the prlnCIPalusable reserve of freshwater．
With this objectivein mindlLECis at present
deveroping foIIowing four centralprograms（see rLEC
PrOject5in1989−1990）：
1．The Survey of the State of World Lakes
2．G山de＝ne Books
3．Expe「t Group Wprk＄hop＄
4．SchooIPTOiect for EnvironmentalEducation on
Lakes

Apart from the four prograrTIS mentionedlLEC
Carriesoutsevera10theraction＄．Amongthesewewould
brest＄．and
State tWO Which have continuityand reguIarity：a）The−hazardous wastes and toxic chemicals．
WorldConferencesonConservationandManagement
Looking to the future of the world environmentaIOf Lake＄ whichtake place eveTγtWO yearSSincethe
movement，the Councilsubmittedits views on theCOnference heldinthe CityofOt＄u（Lake Biwa−1984）．
Objectives，COntentand＄COPeOfthe proposed Uhited
Twofurtherconference＄havebeenheldafterthatonein
Nations conference on Environment and Development
expectedtobeheldin1992．Dr．Tolbaemphasizedthat 1986inMackinacIs［and（LakeHuron．Michigan，USA），
andin1988in Keszthely，OntheshoresLakeBalatonin
dtheconferencpshouldproduceslgnificantresults ■andHungary．At present the fourth conferenceis behg
itisimporlant to state concretely what the world
Organized，tObeherdinHangzhou（People sRepublicof
COmmunityisactua［lygoingtocommititselftodowithin
China）inSeptember，1990，forwhichweinvitea ofyou
the next decade．
Who are present to participate and to spread tMs
invitation；b）the pubIication of a NewsIetter ofwhich
A STATEMENT GIVEN BY
2，000copresaredi＄tributedeverγthreemonthsthrough−
CONRADO BAUER（EXERPTS）
OUt the world．

Finally，lwouldliketorefertoEMINWAprogram，inRepresentinglLEC，Ing・Bauergaveastatementat
Whichweentirelyconcurinregardstoitsformulationand
theCommitteeoftheWholeoftheGoverning Council：
itsobjectives．1LECisafiTmSUT）porterofit＄implementa−
lwouIdlike to point out，ln the first place，howtion and the extention ofit＄aPPllCation because we
Pleasedwearewiththedeclarationmadeyesterdayby
COnSiderthatitisarightand practicalapproach，WhichDr．Tolba，the Executive Director of UNEP．He has
POinted outthat pol］ution and＄hortage offreshwater invorves complete basins and thatit wi aIIow for
effective action to be carried out in favor of theresources
constitute one of the six priority areasin
PreSerVationofthequa（ityandthequantityofwaterand
Which the project activities of UNEP wi be concen−
its better utilization，We＄tate Our definite wish that，in
trated．Weareincompleteagreementwiththi＄decision
Viewofthe pr10ritiesindicated byDr．Tolba．Thisprog−
WhichgivesprioritytotheformuIationandexecutionof
ramshouldreceiveincreaslngSUPPOrtandthatitshould
Plansandprojectsforthebetterunderstanding，PrOteC−
expand to other countries．
tion，COnSerYationofresourcesforthe＄u＄tenailCeOfFife，
human health and the eco（ogicalequilibrium of our

REQUEST FOR COLLABORATION
ThereisaconsensusamonglLECmembersthatit
Planning and rTlanagement etC・，this questionnaire
attempt＄tO COl］ectinformation on the current state of
WOuId be very worLhwhile to establish close rela−tionship＄Withinstitutions which ofFer various kinds of traimng opportunitiesin as varied a set of fields as
POSSible．1LECintends to consolidate your responses
lake related trainlng，With an eye towards future col一
Iaboration．As afirststepfordeve10Plng CO aboration． into a rist and publishitin the Newsletter as a goodreferenceforpotentialparticipantsaswellasforlLEC
We arein need of co ectinginformation about suchitse帆
trainlng OPPOrtunities．
If you areinterestedin participating，kindly com−
Because environmentallysoundlake managementP）ete this questionnaire and returnit to us．
TeqUlreSintegrationofexpertiseindiver＄efieldssuchas
limnology．waterresourcesenglneerlng，enVironmentaIQUEST10NNAIRE FOR LAKE MANAGEMENT TRAIN［NG OPPORTUNmES
1．Name of Lnstitute／Dept．：
Address of theinstiute：

Associated with（Univ．，Acad．，Private，Others）：

2，Specification of activity：（theoreticallimnology，aPPliedlimno10gy，Civilengineering，enVironmentalplanning，etC．）
3．Teaching activity：

Name／topIC Of theCOu「Se：Frequency：／／OnCe eVery year，／／twice，／／irregular
Duration：Targets：／／localstudents，／／Other＄．／／deve10Png COuntries
Carけing capaciり：／／1−10，／／11−20，／／21−30，／／more student＄
L◎Vel：／／＄tudents，／／POStgraduates，／／decision−makers，／／Others
4．Experiencein deveIoping countries：
Name＄Of countrie＄：
Teaching only：／／yes ／／noOther activities：

5．1ndicateotherlimno10gicalinstitutesinyourcountryw托hfaciIitiesforcourses．especia yfordeve10Pingcountries．

6．Shoutd you have otherinformation relevantto the aim ofthis questionnaiTe，PIeaselet us know．

7．YournameYouraddress
Profes＄ionalbackground
Position／function／occupation
Governmentagency／Organization／institution
lLEC wouldlike to thank you for completing the questionnaire．
Plea＄e airmailto：
Secretary−Generallnternationat Lake Environment Committee
ShigaTKaikan B［dg・3−4−22Kyomac帆Otsu，Shi！】a，520Japan

LAKES OF THE WORLD
LAKE KINNERET

Lake KinneT・et（the Bib］icalSeaofGalilee）is awarm
monomicticlakelocated at the norLhern end of theA什0−Syria＝RiftValley−∩＝0「ther＝lsrae，・Thelak（）hasa
surlac8areaOta170kl貞，amaXimumdeptho†abput45
meter＄andameandepthof24meters・Thec11mate＄is
hothlSummer，Wlth・WinterrainsfromNovemberthrough
ApriL．Therels；ntensiveagrZcultur8inthecatchmentarea
占＄PeCZa11yintheHulaValLy（COttOn，alfalfa，fish，POnds）
and aTOLlnd thelake shores（bananas date＄，COttOn）・
Lake Kinneretservesa＄the maJOrreSerVOirforlsrael s
NationalwaterCarrierSystemandsuppllesmorethanaquarter of the country，s annualwater requirements（400−450mMionrd）．1tis a］＄O animportanttou雨t andvacationarea，famousforant［quiticsandhistorlcalsites
especia1．y those as＄OCiated with the New Testament
accountsotJe＄USandhisdisctpl8S．A＄inBiblicalTimes，
thereisasignificantcommerchlfisheTYOnthelakewith
annualyieldsofl，500−2，000tons・Themo＄tValuablefish
isthe cichlid，S8rOtheTOdon gal］Iaeus（St・Peter sfish）
althoughthegreatesttonnagetakeni＄thatofthebreak・んIfrog√eズーer′88きnCIa8・

Because ofits unIque Statu＄ aS the ortlylarge
freshwaterIakeinl＄T・aelarLdthemult［plederTlandsLJPOn
thi＄naturalresource，COnCernabouLthepos＄iblelmpaGt
uponthewaterqualityofnunerousdeveropmentsinthe
water＄hed shore areasled to the e＄tablishmerIt Of theKinneret LirT OlogicalLaboratoryin1968・Forthe past
twenty years the Labaratory has been the centre forextensive numerouslimnologlCalstLJdies．Theseinve＄−tigations have been focused at achieving an overall
understanding of thelake ecosystemin order to bestadvise those directly responsiblefordevelopmentand
management of Lake Kinneret andits watershed・
Whatisapresent＄tateOfwaterqualityinthelakeafter
theecoIogicalpres＄Ure＄Ofthepastfiftyorsixtyyearsof
intense development and atter almost twenty years ofconcerted effort to alleviate those pressures？First，much creditmustbegIVentOthe resilienceofthe［akeecosystemitself，POSSibly mainly due to the relatlveIy
highpHandcalciumcontentofthewater・Thus，muChof
the potentialpollution frorn phosphorus hputsis dimi−
ni＄hed because of the formation of non−biologICaHy
avaiIable caldum phosphate precipitates．AIso，aCtive
denitrification in the anaerobic hypolimnion has proved
an extreme■y effective仙safety va■ve to compensate
tortheimpa（）td‖ncreasedwatershedinputsotnitrat㊦＄from agricu旺uralaneas．Se￠Ondty，Since1974．a gov−
emmentalAgency，the Kinneret Commission（estab−
1i＄hed by thelsraelWater Commlssioner）has been
respon＄ibleformonitoringdevelopmentsintheKinneretareaandforcoordinatlng and encourag．ng activitiesto
decreasep0．1utionpr8S＄ureS・TheKinneretComrnission
was instrumental in bringing about new drainage andagrrcuIturalpolicie＄hthenorthern Kinneretwatershed
wh［ch have srgnificantly diminishedinflows of heavlly
polluted water hto theJordan R弓ver and thenceinto
Lake Kinneret，NewreguIationsconceTning agrlCultural
cropsprayingpractice＄WerehtroducedandhaYeledto
reduction of pesticide concentrations as monitored in
the watershed ＄treamS andin fish t弓s＄ue．Bathing
beaches have been provZded with adequate＄anitaryfaく㌻川tEesr8＄ultlnginadroplnthenumbersofpathogenic
bacterialtracer＄tOund 竜nlake wato「．

Nevel・thele＄S，becau＄e Ofthelarge projected expanT
sion of tourisn around thelake andin the water＄hed，
therew lbeaneedtoexpandanddiversifymeasuresto
protectthe environment・Furthermore7there are som8
projected developIT］ent＄Which mayhave even greater
detT，imentaIimpact on water quality・A］arge pump−
StOragehydroelectricplant，Whichwouldusethelakeas
alowerreservoir，ispresentlyunderpTefeasib＝tyscru−

tinity．AIsoveryextensivekhangesinthestreamf10WStO
and from thelake are n？W behgconsidered．which
would reduce the amountlOfJordan waterflowinginto

theKinn。，。tbyabout25ko33％andwoLJlddivertthis
vo［ume directlyinto the占anal＄Of the NationalWater
Carrier．

Whatever the fate of the＄e PrOPOSals，because of
greater deTTlands foT Wateritis projected that，On
average，future［akelevelsinthe引」mrTIerandfallwiHbe
lower．Howthe＄eChangeswillaffecttheLakeandhowto
maintainorevenimprovepresentwaterqualltyremains
a major cha enge toIsrael ＄limnologists and water
eng−neerST FundamentalIinTlO（ogicalresearchtoeluci−
datethefunctioningofthisecosystemw‖beindispens−ablein01derto provide a basis forfuture management
and ptanning strate！】始S・
Thomas BeT

man T

Kinneret LimnoFoglCalLaboratory，l＄rael・

FORTHCOMING MEETINGSlNTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEB］OMANIPULAT10N TOOL FOR WATERUNCRD／EWCWorkshoponWaterUseConflictsin
Asian Metrol

O一宇＄e＄The objectives of the workshop are：l）to review the＄tate Of the art of water resourcesmanagementinsomesele（〉t㊤dA＄ianmetropolise5
W事thfocusonthetradeoff＄betweentypesofwateruseaswerlasbetweenwaterquantityandquality
2）to examinererevantconceps and approaches todealwiththe probIern ofwaterLJ＄e COnflictin the
COnteXt Of metropolitan water re＄OurCeS manage−

MANAGEMENT

The aim oftheconferenceisto enhancethediscus＿
STon between aquatic eco10gists studying tropMcin−teraction＄andpeopleworkinglnthefieldofwaterand
Ii＄h mana⊆Iement．

Date：8−‖August1989
Place：Artls Zoo，Amsterdam，The NetherIands
Secretariat：ConventionBureauVanNamen＆Westeト
Iaken，P，0．Box15586501BN Nijmegen，The
Netherland＄．

Tel．080−234471（from abroad3180234471）

ment3）toworkoutanoperationalresearchframeworkfor
Ca＄◎畠tudiesin Asian metropoli＄e＄
ト4 September1989
Lake Biwa Re＄earCh［n＄tituteUchidehamal−10，Ot＄u，Shiga Pref．520

IntemationalSym

3osium and Seminar

lntegratedWaterManegementandCon＄erVationsin
Urban A帽aS

ANNOUNCEMENTILEC Secretariat Office has moved to Shiga−Kafkan
Building oppo＄itethe previousSMga Prefecturar Gov−
ernment Building．Our new adre＄Sis：
lnternatinalLakeEnvironmentCommittee Foundation
Shiga−Kaikan Bld；ト3−4−22 Kyoma￠hi，
Ot＄仇Shiga．520
Japan
Te［ephon，faxandtelexnumber＄area＄they

The object弓ves of theIHP Conference are：1）toexchangeinformat10nOnint8gratedwaterman−
u＄ed to be：a；lement and con＄eⅣationin urban areas
Tel・（81）775−25−1076Telex54648501LECJ
2）to compare m。Clalities of water managementin
fax＋（81）775−23−1581Cab［elLEC OTSU
urban area＄Of countrie＄On aninternationalleve1
3）toimprovethewatermanagementandconservation
Strategies through discu＄Sion ofthe aboveitem＄
28ALJgUSt−5 September1989
CALL FOR ARTICLES
1nteT

nationalConference HallAich Prefectural

Trade Center Marunouchi2−4−7，Naka−ku
Nagoya460

Those who wi＄h to contribute toILEC Newsretter are
invited to send manu＄Cript＄tO the secretariat，〟一丁ER凡4rJO〃Aエ エA∬且E〃mO〃〟E〃r CO〟〟JrTEEアOmArJO〃
3￣4￣22Kyomachi，仇su．Sbi辟520．Japan
Te］：0775￣25￣1076 TEx：54648501LECJFax：0775−23−1581
Cable：ILEC OTSU

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