Manufacturing Approaches
for the Digital Age

Seiko Shirasaka, Professor
Graduate School of System Design and Management
Keio University
shirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

System Design

shirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

2What is System Design?
System Design

Define Goals
Define Objectives
Define Problem to be solved
Define “What we want toachieve?”

System Architecture=
Mechanism to realize goals by combining means
Need to set goals thatcan be achieved byavailable means

Means
which we can use
shirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

3Digital EraNew
Goal
TransformationArchitecture=Mechanism to realize goals by combining means
Need to set goals thatcan be achieved byavailable means

New Means=Digitalshirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

GoalMeans4Manufacturing Approaches
for the Digital Ageshirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp5Three points
We have to update manufacturing approach.
• Expansion of the scope to create a value• Rapid Changes in Context• Increase of important system characteristics andaccountability

shirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

6Three points
We have to update manufacturing approach.
• Expansion of the scope to create a value• Rapid Changes in Context• Increase of important system characteristics andaccountability

shirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

7Society 5.0“A human-centered society in which economic
development and the resolution of social issues go
hand in hand through a system that highly integrates
cyber space (virtual space) and physical space (realspace). “ (The cabinet office of Japan)
New Society
Society5.0

Source: Cabinet office of Japanshirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp8Society 5.0
Society4.0
Physical Space

Cyber Space

Society5.0
Physical Space

Cyber Space

Physical Space

UpdateAutomaticallyshirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

Cyber Space

System of Systems
9System of Systems

Source : INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook
shirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

10System of Systems
Movement in the World：A system is starting to connect.

Source: METI

出典：テキサスインスツルメント資料より抜粋

出典：「インダストリー4.0 実現戦略報告書」
より抜粋
shirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

11Society 5.0
CPS-based human-centered society
Society 4.0 : Human centered within each system

Hospital System
Pharmacy System

Mobility Systemshirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp12Society 5.0
CPS-based human-centric society
Society 5.0 : Human centered with combined each system

Hospital System
Pharmacy System

Mobility Systemshirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

13Three points
We have to update manufacturing approach.
• Expansion of the scope to create a value• Rapid Changes in Context• Increase of important system characteristics andaccountability

shirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

14

VUCA World
Volatility, Uncertainty
Complexity, Ambiguity

Connections increase VUCA.
ex. Society 5.0 (Systems of Systems）
shirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

15

Open System Dependability• DEOS Process

shirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp16Architecture that can easily adapt to change
⾼い抽象度（１０個以内のブロック）で、⾃動運転全体の実現アプローチをデザイン
論理的に実現性を確認 環境の相違などに対して、⾼い抽象度レベルは固定、低い抽象度レベル
安全性等の追加
は環境に依存

抽象度を上げる

現在、実現している⽅法

抽象度を下げる実現⼿段には⾄らないで機能レベル実現⼿段をきめる（物理レベル）

技術の進化などに対して、機能レベルは固定、物理レベルは技術進化に依存

The Architecture of Automated Driving
How we can make changes and still be able to accept
them with less re-examination

Security

An architecture that takes into account dynamic changes
shirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

17Three points
We have to update manufacturing approach.
• Expansion of the scope to create a value• Rapid Changes in Context• Increase of important system characteristics andaccountability

shirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

18

-ilities• "-ilities" is a Related Discipline of Systems
Engineering.
• It is called "Specialty Engineering.
• SEBOK Part6– Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability– Human Systems Integration– Safety Engineering– Security Engineering– System Assurance– Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic
Compatibility– Resilience Engineering– Manufacturability and Producibility– Affordability
Source : Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge– Environmental Engineeringshirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

19-ilities• "-ilities" is a Related Discipline of Systems
Engineering.
• It is called "Specialty Engineering.
• SEBOK Part6– Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability– Human Systems Integration– Safety Engineering– Security Engineering– System Assurance– Electromagnetic Interference/ElectromagneticCompatibility– Resilience Engineering– Manufacturability and Producibility– Affordability"-ilities"
is a property that has to be viewed as a system–“system
EnvironmentalEngineeringor “Lifecycle properties”
characteristic”
shirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp20

-ilities
Cumulative Number of Journal Articles published about each Illity! $###$###"- . /0123""
4501/610123""
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E=25?; C5?/610123""

Durability

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Quality

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Evolvability

Extensibility
Usability! #"Maintainability

Robustness

AI 10123""
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Recyclability

9/10J</85""

Scalability

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Interoperability Sustainability

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Epoch of Great Inventions! ' ( #"! ' ) #"! ' &#"! ' *#"! ' +#"

Epoch of Complex Systems! ' , #"

! ' %#"! ' ' #"

( ###"

Epoch of Engineering Systems

Source : Engineering Systems, MIT pressshirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

21

-ilities
Cumulative Number of Journal Articles published about each Illity! $###$###"- . /0123""
4501/610123""
7/8523""905: 1610123""! ##$###"

4; 6. <2=5<<""Flexibility> . ?/610123"
7@/0/610123"! #$###"

AB/C2/610123""

ReliabilityD</610123"
E=25?; C5?/610123""

Durability

7. <2/1=/610123"! $###"

Adaptability

F /1=2/1=/610123"

Quality

G5<2/610123"

Resilience! ##"F ; B. 0/?123"
45<1015=@5"

SafetyH: 25=<1610123"

Evolvability

Extensibility
Usability! #"Maintainability

Robustness

AI 10123""
F /=. 8/@2. ?/610123"

Recyclability

9/10J</85""

Scalability

45@3@0/610123"

Interoperability Sustainability

45C/1?/610123"!"

HK; 0K/610123"! %%&"! %' #"! ' ##"! ' ! #"

Epoch of Great Inventions! ' ( #"! ' ) #"

! ' &#"! ' *#"! ' +#"Epoch of Complex Systems! ' , #"

! ' %#"! ' ' #"

( ###"

Epoch of Engineering Systems

Source : Engineering Systems, MIT press
More and more system characteristics are being
required to be proved.
Functional Safety（26262, RAMS)
shirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp22Summary• The digital technology makes us to re-define thegoals and architecture.
• Three points where we have to update manufacturing
approach.
– Expansion of the scope to create a value– Rapid Changes in Context– Increase of important system characteristics andaccountability

shirasaka@sdm.keio.ac.jp

23Design the future!
www.sdm.keio.ac.jp

日吉駅前 協生館