lSSN O912−7410

No．18 March1992．ヽ 二†JI■ ．ヾり二 「† 「† †J・り
〃一丁E月〃ATJO〃AエエA∬E E〃VJ月0〃〟EⅣT CO〟〟JTTEE FOこWかAアナO〃￣For Better Lake Management
This Newsletteris aIso availabIeinJapanese．

Symposium on Water Resources Management with theViews of Grobar and RegionalScales
The Sympos‡um on Water Resources Management

International Water Re＄OurCeS

WiththeView＄OfGlobaland RegionafSca始SWaSheld

Association（lWRA），and

from18to20November1991at Lake Biwa Research

Japan A＄SOCiation for Hydro10gy

ln＄titute10Cated‡n Otsu，Shiga．

and Water Re＄OUrCeS（JSHWR）

1t brought together more than200par（icipants，Of

Programme：

Which＄Omearetheadvisorsto UNEPExecutiveDiTeCtOr

November 18

什Om OUtSideJapan．

0pening Sp8eCh＆Welcome Greeting

Organa事Zed by：Shiga PrefectualGovernment andUnited Nations Environment Prog−
ramme（UNEP）
ln associatjon with：Ministry of Forelgn Affairs，Japanese Environment Agency，

by S．Yamada（Vice Governer，Shiga Prefectural
Government）
H．El−Habr（Programme Offlcer，UNEPWater Unit）
A Holistic Approach to EnvironrnentalA＄＄eS＄ment Of
Water Development Projects

UnitedNationsCentreforRegion−

byA：K．Biswas（President，IWRA）

alDeve10Pment（UNCRD），

Ncomprehensive Devefopment of Lake Biwa

Japan Society on Water Environ−by M．Nakamura（Head Researcher，LBRl）

mentりSWE），

NTheJapaneseContributiontothe PromotionofLarge

Over＄eaS EnvironmentalCoop−

Scale Wate【Re＄OurCeSin Deve10Ping Countries

eTation Center（OECC），
lntemational Lake EnvironmerIt
Committee（lLEC），
KansaiEconomic Federation，
Shiga Economic Federation，

byH・Hori（President，Japanese NationalGeographi−
CalCommitte）
NGround Water Quality Managem8nt；An Overview′by A．Das Gupta（Profes＄Or，Asianln＄titute ofTechno10gy）

contro10f Non−Point Source of Nutrient］ntrinsic Value of the Symposium

by L Lijklema（Vice President，lAWPRC）
November 19￣state of Eovironments of World Lakes
by T．Kira（Dir8CtOr，Lake Biwa Research hstitute）
NEnvironmentaIProbIemsofLargeCentralAsianLake＄〝
byG．N．GoIubev（Professor，MoscowStateUniversity）−Video Presentation
Nwater QuaIity Monitoring and Management of theGange＄

by M，A．Chitale（Secretary，Ministry of Water Re−
SOur￠e＄，lndia）
Nconcept and Approaches Water Resources Manage−
ment of UNEP−
byH．El−Habr（ProgrammeOfficer，UNEPWaterUnit）
November 20
Excursion around Lake Biwa

F禦Today，inproportiontoincreasingpopulation，demand
forfreshwaterissoaring much higherthan before，and
ensuringprovi＄ionforfreshwaterisbecomlnganurgent
is＄UearOundtheworId．1thinkthi＄＄ymPOSiumproved
Very Slgnificant，because we face such a crjsis now．
This symposium enlPhasiz8d the ＄lgnificance ofNsustainableDeveIopm8nt〝andNManagementofWater
Resourcesinth8ScopeofWholeCatchnentArea／The
Symposium discussed the followlngS matterS：（A）positive sides of water re＄OurCeS deve）opment
PrOJeCtS Should be evaruatedin EIA．The pastexperiences of EIA have emphasized too muchnegative sides of the deve10Pment PrOject＄．
／byDr，A．K．Biswas：（B）Largedevelopmentproject＄haveinvoIvedchange
Of communitylife styresin the concerning areas．
Goodtraditionalcommunity＄hould bekeptevenin
theinfltJenCeS OfdeveIopment proleCtS．Japanis
SuCCeSSfuIinintroducing newth盲ngswhilekeeplng

珊

good old tradition＄．
1■
い
いh
¶〃
県・㌧Uト
一

／by Dr．H．Hori（C）Nutri8ntSCOntrOlfornon−POintsourcesareessential
PartS Of water quality protection．
／by Dr：L Liiklema（D）Ground waterqualityis alsoin danger byvarious
COntamination sources．

／by Dr．A．D．Gupta（E）Majorfeaturesoftheworldlakesenvironmentare

SiItation．eutrophication，aCidification，tOXification

窄．
J．哀and10Wenng［evel．

j（F，／by Dr．T．Kira
Case studies providedimporlantinformation such
as Lake Biwa，the Ganges，CentralAsian Lakes．

／byDr．M．Nakanura，Dr，M．A．Chitale，and Dr．
Golbev（G）ThepoFicie＄OfUNEPtowardssustainableDeve10P−
ment of Water Resources．
／by Dr，H．EトHabrh1992，the rnostslgnificantconferenceondeve10Pq
mentandenvironment，SincetheStockholmConference
in1972，Wi

beherdin RiodeJaneiroandshould bethe

COnCern Of people allthe wor］d．Our current enthu−
Sia＄m tO SOIve environment problem＄Should be main−
taned even after the end of the big convention．
Saburo Matsui
lLEC Scientific Committee Member

1st lAWPRC ］nternational
Symposium on

HazardConservation and Manage−
ment of TropICaIlnland Wa−

Assessment and Contro10f

ters：Prob［ems，Solutions andEnvironmental Contamjnants

Prospects

in WaterinOtsu，Shiga・ltbroughttogether160patrticipantsand

Theconferencetitfed conservationandManagement
Of TropicallnFand Waters：Problems，Solution＄ andProspectsNwassuccessfu yheldfrom5to9September
1991atHongKongUniver＄ity．0ver80delegatesfrom
24countriestookpartjnth妻SCOnference＄POnSOredby
Societaslnternationali＄ Limnolgiae（S．l．L），the A＄ian
Wetland BuTeaU（A．W．B），and UNESCO／MAB．The

had47speakers from20countries and more papers

lnternationalLake EnvironmentalComrnittee（lLEC）

Were also submitted at poster session＄．The sympo−
Sium was succe＄Sfu［Jy organized and provided anexce ent forum for exchanglng neWideas among re−
SearChers of many different discIPIFneS．This syrT［PO−financia y supported deIegates with the K．C．Wong
Education Foundation，theUniversityofHongKong，anthe Beijing−Hong Kong Academic ExchangeCentre．

1stlAWPRClnternationalSynpo＄ium on Hazard
A＄＄eSSmentand Contro10fEnvironmentalContaminants

inWaterNwasheldbylAWPRC（lnternationalAssociation
Water Po ution Research Controf）from 25 to 28
November1991atLake BiwaResearchln＄tituteIocated

Themes discu＄Sed atthis conferenceinclud

Sium covered a wide spectra of topICS SuCh as：
Nconservation and management of AfTicanlnland
1）chrorinated Organics
2）pe＄ti（）ides

3）Heavy MetalPo ution4）New Methods ofDetection and Monitoring5）Detection ofOrganic MicropoIJutants6）Mutagens盲n EnvironmentalWater

7）Mutagenin drinking water8）Bio10gfcaIDetoxification of MicropoIJutants
9）waste Treatment and BioremediationlO）Risk andlmpactAssessment

Waters′Rivers，Ecotones，and Watershed Processes
EnvironmentalMonitonng
NwetEands and Ecotones

NIntegrated Lake Management
NResearch，T｛ain■ng，and Ways AheadN
Thefo owingextractisasummaryofthepresentation
gIVen by Mikiya＄u Nakayama − advisor to ZLEC
Secretariat− at thi＄COnference．

ll）RegulatoryApproachforContro10fMicropo utant＄
Organized by：Kyoto University，

LaboratoryforControlofEnvironmental

AppIicationofSat811iteRemoteSensingTechnoIogleStO
e＄timate Water Quality ofJapanes8Lakes
Mikiyasu Nakayama

Micropo utants（LCEM），
andA number oflakesin dev810Plng COuntries are
threatened by jncr8aSed siltation，eutrOPhication andhtemational Association on Water

Other human−induced degradation．NevertheIess，few

Lake Bwa Researchlnstitute（LBRl），

PoI（ution Research Control（lAWPRC）
Sponsored by：Ministry of Education．Japan，

lakesinthedeve10PlngWOrldhavemonitonngschemes
On Water quaIity・ConventionaImethodo10gy，namely

Shiga PrefecturaIGovernment，and

Setting up a monitorlng ＄tationequlPPed with alLEC

Iaboratory，I＄COStlyandthereforeimpractical．AppI‡ca−tion of＄ateFIite remote s8n＄ing technologle＄forwater
quaFityestimationmaybeabreakthroughbecau＄eO＝ts
10WCOStandwidecoverage・Inthepast．attemptshad

Supported by＝Environment Agency，Japan，
The Commemorative As＄OCiation foT

theJapanWorldExposition（1970），and
Chemicalsln＄PeCtionandTestinglnsti−tute，Japan

been madB tO emPIoy such sate

ites as LANDSAT or

SPOTforthis purpo＄e，However，these sate

it8S had

limitedcoveragebothintermsofarea（180kmby180km
inLANDSAT／十MorMSS）andfrequency（onceeverytwo
Weeks or Eess）．NOAA／AVHRR yierds even better3

estimattion of water−quality parameters than LANDSATThe Genera［Conference Programme

despiteitslarge pIXel＄ize and fewer visuaIbands・

NOAA／AVHRRcan beusedto estimatewaterqualityof

26January Participants

notonly one butseveralJapane＄elakes successfu y・

Pre5S Conference
OpeningCeremonyandCulturalProgram−lnternationalConference on
Water and the Environment：

me

27January Opening Remarks bythe Ministerforthe

Deve10Pmentlssues for theEnvironment

ElectionofChairpeTSOn＄and Rapporteur＄

21st Century
TheintemationalConference on Water and the

Envfronmentwasconvenedin Dublin，lreIandfron126to
31January1992．Theconferencewasattendedby338
govemmentrdesignatedexp8rtSfroml13countries．13

Registration

Plenary Ses5ions
28 January Working Group Sessions
29January Working Group Sessions
ExhibitionatDublinCast］euntillFebruary
Po＄ter Sessions at DubIin Castle

expertsfrominternationaIOrganizations．and12particト
30January Working Group of the whoIe Lunch
Working Group of the whole Excursions
PantSfrom Non−gOVernmenta10rganizations・
The Conference s main focus was on the deveIop−
31January AdoptionofConferenceReportandDub‖nStatenent
ment，ut izationandmanagementofwaterresourcesin

harmony with environmental conservation and theC10Sing CererT［Ony＆Press Conferenc

conceptof＄uStainability．TheIatterconceptneedsto
4participants（DT．Joergen＄en，Dr・Ayibotele，Dr・

PrOmOte：（a）thesynthesisofeconomic，＄OCialandenvironmental
COn＄iderations；（b）processeswhichcompareandevaluatealternatives

Whichdonotdepletetheresourcebaseandthusthe
PreSent and future generations；（C）thegreatestpossibleefficiencyintheuseofwaterand energy，incIuding appropriate and safe reuse，
recycl．ng，and conservation ofallwaterresources；（d）reductionofpoIIutantsand pathogensinwaterandaquatic ecosystems and；（e）the quatityofhumanlife and the protection ofthe

GoIubev，andDr．Bruce）attendedthisconferencefrom
thelLEC Scientific Committee．Allthe participants to
tTle Conference have recognized the need for fun−damentalnewapproachestodeve10PmentandmanaLge−
mentwhichcanon（ybebroughtaboutthrough politicalcommitment andinvoIvement at the highestlevels ofgovemrTlent tO the smalle＄t COmmentS・The partici−
pants，throughtheworldIeadersa＄SembredattheEarLh
Summitin RiodeJaneiroinJune，uTgeaIlgovemments

tostudyandmeansofimplementationrecommendedin
thebodyofthisreport，andtotranslateitsrecommenda−
tionsinto urgentprogrammesfor＄UStainabIe deve10P−

bio＄Ph8re．

6Ma宇nTopic＄and TherT［e＄Of Each Working Group

ment．

A GTOuP．1ntegrated Water Resources Deve10Pment
and Management
B Group．Water Resources A＄SeSSment and］mpacts

Of Climate Change on Water Resources
C Group．ProtectionofWaterRe＄OLJrCeS．WaterQual−
ity and Aquatic Ecosystems

D Group．WaterandSustainableUrbanDeve［opment

and DrinkingWaterSupplyandSanitationin
the Urban Context

E Group・WaterforSustainableFood Productionand

RuralDeve10Pment and for Drinking Water
SuppLyand Sanitationin the RuralContext
F Group．Mechani＄mSforlmplementation and Coor−
dination、atlnternational，National，and Local
LevelsSound Management of Re＄erVOir＄in

lLEC Activities in 1991

La−Plata RiveT Basin organized byJan24−Mar26The first Group Training Coursein

lLECin Sao−Pau10，Braziland Buenos

Lake Water Ouality Management in
Feb 25Aires，Argentina．（CO−Organized by

Otsu（ILEC／JICA）

UNCRD，UNEP，and RegionaIOffice

Di＄CuSSion on cooperation between

for Latin America and the Caribbean）

lLEC and GEMS／WATER with Dr．

Aug9−10

Ongley（CCIW）in Otsu

boatforaSuⅣey OnWater Qualityfor

Discussion on cooperation between

Environmental EducationSep5−9lLEC and GRlD in Geneva

TropicallnIand Watersin Hong Kong．

Ni＄hiJr．High Schooland Daihoh
Elementary School in Otsu
lLEC／CIP Co

Sep 8

Liaison Meeting of coIIaboratingin−
Stitutions onlLEC

aboration Meetingins Remote Senslng

Project in Hong Kong

Otsu
DennlaTkLBraziI−JapanEnvironmen−

Mar15 −19

Pa「ticipationin The Conference on
Conservation and Management of

Pi10t Classes on Acid RainT at Ritto

Mar 7 −11

OvemightFieldTriponLakeBiwabya

talEducat‡on ExhibitionSep 19PIannIng Comrnitte∈l Meeting on
rLEC／JICA Group Training Coursein

in Hikone，

Shiga

Lake Water Quality Managementin

End of Mar

Data Book Vol，3was pubrished

Otsuぐ92）

Apr 6

Memorundum of Understanding with

May13−16

Sep

Vol．2 So（）io−Economic Aspects ofmote Senslng

Lake Reservoir Management

The 4thlLEC Genera］Meeting andWorking（〕roup Meetingin Pa anza，

Sep
Octl−5

Organization oflLEC Sessionin thelWRA7th Congress Meetingin Rabat，

Jun17 −28

UNEP16th Gov−

in NaiTObi，Kenya

Participationinthe

enCe

Nov18 −20

Eco−Life Fair inthe View＄ Of G10baland Regional

Participation in The 3rd Meeting for

ScaIesPiIot Cla＄SeS On Eutrophication at

Wetlands／Lake＄

End ofJuI

no［ogy Center by Shiga Prefecture

held jojntly by
Nov25 −28

HazardAssessmentandControlof

ILECandlUCNwith Dr．Dugan（lUCN）

EnvironmentaL Contaminantsin Water

in Ot＄Uin Otsu

CompI］ation MeethgonTheSurveyof

Visit of Dr．Beim to Otsu to discuss

the State of World Lakes at PetrozaL

about Lake BaikaL

VOdsk，former USSR．

PIannlng Committee Meeting on

5Years Track＄ OflLEC
Cooperation to the 9thWater Festivaf

Aug5−16

Governor
Cooperation to lAWPRC SymposiumonDiscussion on cooperation between

rLEC／JICA Group Training Coursein

was pub−

Lake Water Quality Management（ 92）1ishedAug2

was heldin Otsu

Request for a cooperative function to
UNEP／lntemationalEnvironnlentTech−

Wise Use oflLEC／Ramsar Centerin TokyoJ山 23 −30

1ntemational Lake Environmental
Education Exhibition

Nov 19Elementary School in Otsu
The Symposium entitled

by UNEP／Shiga Prefectual

Government in Otsu
Nov18 −20

KohokuJr．High Schooland Odani

J山11

The Symposium on

Tokyo

Stan

Jul 11

Cooperation to

Water Resources Management with

Saving AralSea atAlma−Ata，Kazakh−」un 28

Visit of Prof．de Bernardiat Ot＄U tO
PrePareforthe5thWor［dLakeConfer−

Participationin theeming Council

May28−Jun2

Mission to Malaysla for the Regional
Tropical Eco System

Oct9 −10

MoroccoMay20−31

NewsIetter No．16was published
Seminar on Better Understanding of】taly

May13−18

Publication oflLEC Guideline Book

Prince of Songkhla University on Re−

Workshop on The Environmental

Lake Biwa

Dec 25 −MissiontoThaiIandforthemeetingon
Remote Senslng

LAKES OF THE WORLD

Lake Baikal（Russia，CrS）

LakeBaikalisfamousastheworld sdeepe＄t（l，637m）
catchmentareais556，000km2，alittlelessthanl．5ti
andlargestvoFume（23，000m3）lake．Baikal・swaterare
the area ofJapan，The333riversin the catchment
alsoexceptionalIyclear（maximumtransparency〉40m）．
provide57・8km3／y，WaterWhi■edirectprecIPitationand
However，fewpeopIeknowthattransparencie＄greater ground waterinf■ow add 9・3krn3／y and 3・1kn13／y，
than40min Baika10CCUrEessthantwoweek＄ayear．
respectiveIy・Theonlysurfaceoutf■owis60・9km3／yvia
During the warmer seasons，the waters shal10Werthan
the River Angara and evaporationis estimated at
60m generally exhibittransparencieslessthanlO m，9，3km3／y（1901−1955．Afanasyev1960）．Weissetal．（1991）
althoughthedeeperwatermaintainsgreatertransparen−
rec8ntly evaluated the physICS Of mixlng based on
Cy throughout the year．
PrOfiles of ch10rOfluorocarbons（CFCs）and di＄SOIved
Lake Baikalis10Catedinthesouthern partofEastem
OXygen・UnFikeotherlargelakesinthetemperatezone，Siberia（51．5．to56−N，104PtollO E）inthecenterofthe Baikal s deep waters tend to be nuch more than one
activeintracontinentaIBaikalRiftZone．Th8late＄tPhase year old and their age changes with depth．More
Of rifting began about30 to 35 m‖ion years ago．
remaTkably，the near−bottonlWaterS are Slgnificantly
Presently，thewidthanddepthofthelakeareincreaslng
younger（8yearsold）thanthoseatintermediatedepths
by2cm and6m，reSPeCtively，eaCh year，The bottom （14−16years old）．
Sediment＄（upto6kmthick）beartherecordsofcentrar
Majorion concentrationsin Baikalchangelittle
asian paleoclimatesove（thelast25mi ionyears．LakehorizontalEy and vertica y．Average values are 402
Baikalis one ofthe oldestlakesin the worId．Baikalha（Ca＋＋），126（Mg＋十），155（Na＋），24．1（K＋），12．3（Cr），

arengthof639kmfromthe southwesttothe north．The
57・4（S04）allin LJmOl／k9alkaIi巾ty（Falkneretal，1991）．
maximumwidth，80km，isJUStnOrthofOlikhon，thelargest
Dissorved oxygendecreaseswith depth，buteven n8ar
island．The water surfaceis468 m above s8alevel．
bottom concentrations are more than 75％ of air

Baika■・s surFace areais 46，000 km2 and the

SatUratedvalues・The mean rateofdeepwateroxygen

COnSUmPtion byin＄itu re＄Plrationisabout4．5LlmOI／k9／y．
Annua■newproductioni＄eStimatedasabout27gC／km2（WeiミiS et alり1991）．

Lake Baikalisinhabited by＄Ome2，000species offreshwat8rOrganisms，tWOthirdsofwhich are endemic（incIuding the Baikalseal）．Studies ofthe mechanisms
and chrono10gy Of speciationin Ba手kalareimportant
areasin paEeobiogeography．
The BaikaIlnternationaE Center for Eco10glCalRe−
SearCh（BICER）wasestabli＄h8dasanon−gOVernmental
Organization−an OPeninstitute−in December1990．
BICERis hosted by the LimnoEoglCallnstitute of theSiberian Division of the USSR（Ru＄Sian）Academy of
Scienc8．Sinc81989，mOrethan70forelgn reSearChers
have visited Lake Baikaleach year．

ForthcomIng Meeting
The 5thlnternationalLake Conference on the Con−lnternationalAssociation VVater Po u−

SerVatfon and Management of Lakes

tion Research Contr91（lAWPRC）−Stresa 93 −AfterthefourstinlulatingandsuccessfulConference

Aim of the Conference：
TheaimoftheConferenceistofocusonsqmeofthemaJOrPrObIemsre［atedtotheprotectionanduseofEake
Organized bylLEC（Japan，1984；USA，1986；Hungary，
1988；P．R，Of China，1990）the 5thlnternationalecosystem＄ COnSidered as a prlmary reSOurSe forConference on

The conservation and management of

Fakes is planned for sprlng1993inItaly・Organized by：1stituto［taliano dildrobiologia（CNR），
Istituto diRicerca SulTe Acque（CNR），

economic deve10Pment．
The conference programme willincludeinvited
Lectures，Offered papers and posters，Which willbe
PUblishedinthevolume ofthe Confernce proceedings．

InternationaILake Environment Com−

Topicsmittee Foundation（lLEC），and

Updating ofthe＄Cientific basis oflakefunctionlngln

7

natural，＄treSSedandrecoveredsituationsasamanage−

Cancellation：

ment toor．

−beforeJanuary31st，9370％refund−Scientific basis for managlng eUtrOPhication−afterJanuary31＄t，

93 50％refund−Acid rain and effects on aquatic8CO＄yStemS On a−after March31st． 93 no refund

gJobar scaIe

CommerciaIExhibition：−Water quality hlakes and reservoirs for human uses

An exhib書tion of scientificinstruments，material，−The fate and effects ofin−Iake micropo‖utants

JOUrnals，andbookswiIlbeheldsimuItaneoLJSlywithth8−Non−POint source controlfor nutrients

Conference．

Politicaland administrative aspectsin the manage−
ment of】akes a＄a Prlma「y r8＄OUrCe．

SocialActivities：
Curturaland socialactivities wiEIbe organized for−Scient椚cfindingsandtheirutilizationatsocio−eCOnO−

ParticipantsandaccompanylngPerSOnS．Vi＄itstoplaces

mic and administrativeleveIs forIake／reservoir man＿

OfhistoricaIandnaturaIisticinterest＄inthesorrounding

agement

area wi be arranged．

The roleofenvironmentaleducationinvoIvlngCitizen
Organizations to support the protection oflake

Pre and Post Conference Tours：
A series of onerday and threeqday tour＄ Wi−Environmentaleducation

Organized to the mostinlPOrtantlake＄and townsin−Citizen ParticIPation

Northern and Centralltaly．

Venue：The Palazzo deiCongressi，Stresa．Lago
MaggFOre・Stresahasgood raiIwayconnecLAcorrespondence shouId be addressed to：★R，M，Societa diCongressis．（．1tionswiththreeinternationalalrPOrtS：Milano−

Via Ciro M8nOttill．20129MILANO（lTALY）

L芦nate（90min．），MiIano−Malpensa（60min．），

TEL：02／70126308 −70126772

and Geneve（150min）．

FAX：02／7382610

Language：English．

●lnternationaF Lake Environment Committe8

Registration fees：

Foundation（rLEC）

UntilJan31st■93／AfterJan31st，93

31r4−22Kyomachi，Otsu，Shiga520，JAPANParticipant Lit．600．000

Lit．750．000

TEL：＋81−775−25−1076

Accompanylng Lit．250．000

Lit．300．000

FAX：＋81−775−25＿1581

PerSOnThe registration fee＄WiIr cover：−reCePtion，admission to sessions−a SPeCialmonographic volume on Linnologylnltaly−the abstract voIume−SOme SO（）ialev8ntS

CALL FOR ARTICLESThosewhowishtocontributetothelLEC NewsLetterare
invited to send manu＄Cripts to the secr8tariat．

爪rTE月MアナO〃Aエ ⊥AgE E〃mO〃〟E〃r CO〟〟JTrEE ダ0ひⅣかATJO〃
3422Kyomaぐhi，Otsll．Shiga520．Japan■
ごニニ「てム CabLe：TLECOTSU

Telニ775−25−1076 T）Ⅹ：5464850tLECJFax：775−23r1581

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