International Commission on
Radiological Protection2015 Annual Reportwww.icrp.org

ICRP 2015 Annual Report
ICRP reference 4828-4042-9106
11 August 2016
© 2016 ICRPON THE COVER
ICRP members at the 3rd International Symposium on the System ofRadiological Protection, Seoul, Korea, October 2015

CONTACT
Christopher Clement, ICRP Scientific Secretaryand Editor-in-Chief of the Annals of the ICRPInternational Commission on Radiological Protection
PO Box 1046, Station B
280 Slater Street
Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5S9
CANADA+1 (613) 947-9750 (tel.)+1 (613) 944-1920 (fax.)
sci.sec@icrp.org
www.icrp.org

UK Charity Number 298173

CHAIR’S FOREWORDICRP 2015, the 3rd International Symposium on the System ofRadiological Protection, was the highlight event of the year for
ICRP. Now that there have been three in the ongoing series ofbiennial symposia, this cornerstone of our broader effort toincrease engagement with professionals, policy-makers, andthe public is well cemented into the foundation of ICRP.
These symposia have become well known within theradiological protection community for an unparalleled level ofquality. Anecdotally, many have said that they are the bestinternational gatherings in radiological protection that they
have ever attended. More objectively, 95% of respondents toour post-symposium surveys have recommended attending
the next one. It is important for ICRP to have the opportunity to discuss its work with thebroader radiological protection community to get direct feedback on areas in which we aredoing well, in addition to those which could be improved.
Results like this inspire us to continue. Preparations for ICRP 2017 in Paris are well advanced,
and several organisations have expressed an interest in hosting our symposia in 2019 and2021. More expressions of interest are welcome; we want to make every effort to bring ourseries of symposia to your part of the world in the coming years, and an enthusiastic host is
key to making this happen.
We also continue our effort to promote awareness of radiological protection and broaden
access to ICRP publications. To this end, I was very pleased to announce during ICRP 2015that we have opened access to the first fifty years of ICRP publications. Everything from the1928 recommendations to Publication 28, published in 1978, is now available free to download.
This is a significant first step in delivering on our Strategic Plan initiative to make ICRP
publications available at low or no cost.
Most important are our efforts to maintain and continue to improve the System of RadiologicalProtection. As always, we review and assess science, values, and experience to ensure ourrecommendations remain current, and constantly evaluate emerging technologies to ensure
our recommendations remain relevant. In a rapidly changing world, where the demands on
ICRP are higher than ever before, we must strengthen the logistical and financial frameworkthat keeps ICRP operating at peak efficiency and effectiveness.
None of these important and ambitious efforts are easy, especially for an independent charity.
All rely on the sincere dedication of our nearly 250 volunteer expert members, and the many
more who offer their expertise in other ways. They also depend on the continuing financial
investment of dozens of organisations with a stake in radiological protection. I hope you willremember the importance of our work, which forms the basis of all standards, regulations, andpractice of radiological protection across the world, and recognise the satisfaction that can begained from being a part of it, should you take the opportunity of making a contribution.
Finally, I would like to pay tribute to Dr Bill Morgan, Chair of Committee 1, a friend andcolleague, who sadly died in November 2015. His sudden death was shock to all and areminder that life can sometimes be abruptly cut short.

Claire Cousins, ICRP ChairICRP Annual Report 2015

THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION
ON RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTIONICRP develops the System of Radiological Protection for the public benefit. The
System takes account of the latest scientific knowledge, ethical values, and practicalexperience. It is the basis of standards, legislation, guidance, programmes, andpractice worldwide.
The objective of the System is to contribute to an appropriate level of protection forpeople and the environment against the harmful effects of radiation exposure without
unduly limiting the individual or societal benefits of activities involving radiation.
Originally established at the Second International Congress of Radiology in 1928 as
the International X-ray and Radium Protection Committee, today ICRP is anindependent international charity registered in the UK.
Members come from over 30 countries and all disciplines relevant to radiologicalprotection. They are invited to join ICRP as independent experts on a volunteer basis
for four-year terms.
ICRP consists of the Main Commission, the Scientific Secretariat, five standing
Committees, and Task Groups established as needed to undertake specific work.
Representatives of organisations in formal relations with ICRP are regularly invited toadvise the Main Commission, and occasionally invited to participate in meetings of
the Committees. Individuals may be invited to be members of Task Groups or toreview drafts of work in progress, where their expertise is particularly relevant.

This structure supports a rigorous system of peer review. The work of Task Groups isreviewed by the relevant Committee(s), and then reviewed and approved by the Main
Commission. During development, most reports are circulated to a number oforganisations and individual experts for critical review, and posted for public
consultation through the ICRP website.

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ICRP Annual Report 2015

The System of Radiological Protection
ICRP has produced well over one hundred publications on all aspects of protection
against ionising radiation. A few describe the overall System of RadiologicalProtection, most recently ICRP Publication 103, The 2007 Recommendations of theInternational Commission on Radiological Protection. The rest provide more detailed
guidance in a particular area, supporting technical information needed to implement
the System, or examine the radiological protection implications of the latest science.

The ICRP System of Radiological Protection is based on the latest science, socialand ethical values, and more than a century of experience
ICRP recommendations are used world-wide by intergovernmental and nongovernmental advisory and standard setting agencies; government health and otherregulatory authorities; educational, scientific, and healthcare institutes; operators,
individual professionals; and others with an interest in radiological protection.

Independence and Collaboration
An important strength of ICRP is its ability to provide independent recommendations
and guidance. However, independence does not mean isolation; engaging with otherorganisations benefits ICRP’s aim to advance radiological protection for the publicbenefit. ICRP interacts with many organisations with an interest in radiologicalprotection, and (as of December 31, 2015) maintains formal relations with twenty-one
such organisations.

Code of Ethics
ICRP has a formal Code of Ethics, available at www.icrp.org, to guide its conduct.
Briefly, in carrying out its work, ICRP is:
•
•
•
•
•

Committed to public benefit
Independent of governments and organisations, including industry and otherusers of radiation
Impartial in its development of recommendations
Transparent in its actions and judgements
Accountable to the framework that governs the activities of a charity

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ICRP Annual Report 2015

Main Commission
The Main Commission consists of the Chair and up to twelve othermembers. The Main Commission is the governing body, setting the policy
and programme of work, and approving all official publications.

Main Commission in Seoul, October 2015 – From left to right back: Hua Liu, John Harrison, Ohtsura
Niwa, Christopher Clement (Scientific Secretary1), William Morgan, Sergey Romanov, Hans-Georg
Menzel. Front left to right front: John Boice, Eliseo Vañó, Jai-Ki Lee, Claire Cousins (Chair), Jacques
Lochard (Vice-Chair), Donald Cool, Carl-Magnus Larsson.

Formally, the Main Commission is ICRP, and the members are also the trustees of
ICRP as a registered charity.
The Main Commission provides overall direction and oversight to the larger
organisation. This includes setting the programme of work, and approving all draft
reports prior to public consultation, and all final
publications.
The Main Commission met twice in 2015: in Sydney inApril and Seoul in October.

1 Although not formally a member, the Scientific Secretary is an

integral part of the Main Commission, organising and participating
in all Main Commission meetings, and often acting as therepresentative of ICRP.

3ICRP Annual Report 2015

Scientific Secretariat
The Scientific Secretariat manages the daily business of ICRP, and theScientific Secretary often represents ICRP at international meetings.

Scientific Secretariat in Seoul, October 2015 – From left to right: Nguyen Tat Thanh (Intern), Yuto
Moriwake (Intern), Nobuyuki Hamada (Assistant Scientific Secretary), Christopher Clement (Scientific
Secretary), Lynn Lemaire (Executive Assistant), Chantal Yacoub (Intern). Inset: Toshihiro Higuchi(Historian).

Under the leadership of the Scientific Secretary, the Scientific Secretariat is
responsible for conducting the day-to-day business of ICRP. It is located in Ottawa,
Canada, in an office provided as an in-kind contribution from the Canadian Nuclear
Safety Commission.
The Scientific Secretariat includes two full-time paid employees (the Scientific
Secretary and Executive Assistant) and three others.
The full-time position of Assistant Scientific Secretaryis filled through a multi-year cost-free staff loan,currently provided by the Central Research Institute ofElectric Power Industry of Japan (CRIEPI). The fulltime position of Intern is filled on a four-month rotatingbasis through the Canadian Nuclear Safety
Commission co-op student programme. ICRPHistorian is a part-time position filled on a voluntarybasis.

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ICRP Annual Report 2015

Committee 1 (Radiation Effects)
Committee 1 assesses scientific knowledge on radiation risk, examining
possible implications on the System of Radiological Protection.

Committee 1 in Seoul, October 2015 – From left to right back: Quanfu Sun, Dan Stram, Dominique
Laurier, Richard Wakeford, Wolfgang Dörr, Andrzej Wojcik, Nobuhiko Ban. From left to right front:
Ranajit Chakraborty, Tamara Azizova, Sisko Salomaa, William Morgan (Chair), Simon Bouffler (ViceChair), Werner Rühm (Secretary), Michael Hauptmann. Inset: Margot Tirmarche, Preetha Rajaraman.

Bill Morgan, the Chair of Committee 1, died suddenly on November 13th, 2015, only
three weeks after the ICRP 2015 Symposium in which he played a major role.
Dr Morgan was a member of C1 for more than 10 years. His profound scientificknowledge and his continuous advice in radiation protection issues will be greatly
missed.
Committee 1 addresses issues pertinent to tissue reactions, risks of cancer andheritable diseases, radiation dose responses, effects of dose rate and radiation
quality. Committee 1 also reviews data on effects in the embryo/fetus and genetic
factors in radiation response, as well as uncertainties in providing judgments onradiation-induced health effects. The Committee regularly discusses the status ofinternational radiation effects research programmes.

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ICRP Annual Report 2015

The report of Task Group 75 on Stem Cell Biology
was released as Publication 131 in 2015. The reportprovides a review of stem cells/progenitor cells andtheir responses to ionising radiation in relation tostochastic effects of radiation of radiation exposurethat form a major part of the System of RadiologicalProtection.
Task Group 64 produced Publication 115 “Lung
Cancer Risk from Radon and Progeny and Statement on Radon” in 2010 and is now
extending this report to consider cancer risks from other alpha emitters including
plutonium and uranium. Specific topics being addressed are: cancer risk per organdose (dose response relationship), dosimetric approaches used in several
epidemiological studies and their implication on the risk coefficient, and comparison
with external gamma exposure.
Task Group 91 is reviewing the current literature on sub-cellular, cellular, animal andhuman data with an emphasis on low dose and low dose-rate effects. A metaanalysis of all relevant radio-epidemiological data was initiated. In 2015, the Task
Group participated in a workshop on “Dose and Dose-rate Effects Related to
Radiation Effects” that took place in Kyoto, Japan, in May 2015.
A Working Group on detriment initially discussed the mechanisms and possible
implications of circulatory disease. This effort has been broadened to document arobust and transparent methodology for calculating radiation detriment. For this,efforts are being made to analyse the current methodology outlined in Annex A of
ICRP Publication 103.

Outlook
The committee will continue to focus on cancer risks from incorporated alpha emitters,
radiation effects of low doses and low dose-rates, and methodologies to calculate
radiation detriment. Further issues being monitored by Committee 1 include: radiation
sensitivity and individual susceptibility, sequencing and omics technologies, highbackground radiation areas, CT in children, and the impact of epigenetics onradiological protection. To inform the radiation protection research community and the
public on its activities, C1 will in 2016 organise open symposia in Hiroshima andTokyo, Japan, and present its recent findings at the International Conference on
Radiation Biology 2016 in Chennai, India.

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ICRP Annual Report 2015

Committee 2 (Doses from Radiation Exposures)
Committee 2 develops reference models and data, including dosecoefficients, for the assessment of exposure to radiation.

Committee 2 in Seoul, October 2015 –From left to right back: Nina Petoussi-Henß, Jizeng Ma, Akira
Endo, Wesley Bolch (Secretary), Luiz Bertelli, Dietmar Noßke, Chan Hyeong Kim, Michael Bailey.
From left to right front: Christian Streffer (MC Emeritus Member and former C2 Chair), François Paquet(Vice-Chair), John Harrison (Chair), Marina Degteva, Hans-Georg Menzel (MC Member and former C2
Chair), John Hunt. Inset: Frank Wissman, Douglas Chambers, Vladimir Berkovski, Rich Leggett.

Committee 2 develops reference models and data, including dose coefficients, for theassessment of exposure to radiation from both internal and external sources. It has alarge programme of work to provide data based on Publication 103, taking into
account methodological advances.
Task Group 96 is developing reference anatomical phantoms for use in the revision ofdose coefficients for both external and internal sources. A report on Radiation
Transport Calculations for Adult Phantoms provides the computational data forinternal dose calculations using the ICRP reference adult phantoms of Publication
110. The draft report completed public consultation in October 2015 and will be
published during 2016.

7ICRP Annual Report 2015

Task Group 95 provides revised dose coefficients andassociated data for inhalation and ingestion ofradionuclides by workers and members of the public.
Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides part 1 wasreleased in 2015 as Publication 130. It is an
introduction to the series of reports that will replace
Publications 30 and 68.
Task Group 90 will, for the first time, provide dosecoefficients for members of the public, including adults and children of different ages,
for exposures to external sources of radiation, e.g. possible exposures after
accidental releases of radionuclides to the environment.
Task Group 79 on Use of Effective Dose is developing advice on the use of effective
dose, including in medical applications. A Task Group meeting was held in Oxford in
2015, and a draft report was prepared for initial consideration by the Committees andMain Commission.
Task Group 36 reports to both C2 and C3 with the remit to develop dose coefficientsfor radiopharmaceuticals administered to patients in diagnostic nuclear medicine. A
Task Group meeting was held in Munich, August 2015. The main work is to update
Publication 128 published in 2015 by providing values calculated using new ICRP
adult and paediatric reference voxel phantoms and Publication 103 methodology.

OutlookForthcoming Committee 2 reports will provide reference phantoms and radiationtransport calculations for children of different ages and the fetus and pregnant mother.
These reference phantoms will be used in the calculation of dose coefficients forexternal and internal exposures. In addition, to ensure that the best methodology
continues to be applied in dose calculations, work is in progress to convert the voxeltype Publication 110 phantoms into high-quality mesh format phantoms including all
source and target tissues. These new phantoms will allow all calculations to be
performed without recourse to separate models for the smallest source/target regions
within, for example, the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Having confirmed thetechnical feasibility of this approach, the intention is to form a Task Group to
undertake the work.

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ICRP Annual Report 2015

Committee 3 (Protection in Medicine)Committee 3 develops recommendations and guidance on the protectionof patients, staff, and the public against radiation exposure in medicine.

Committee 3 in Seoul, October 2016 – From left to right back: Ola Holmberg (IAEA representative),
Sandor Demeter, Colin Martin, Katrine Åhlström Riklund, Pierre Scalliet, Keon Kang, Michel
Bourguignon and Reinhard Loose. From left to right front: Baorong Yue, Pedro Ortiz-López, Madan
Rehani (Secretary), Eliseo Vañó (Chair), Donald Miller (Vice-Chair), Kimberly Applegate, Pek-Lan
Khong. Inset: Yoshiharu Yonekura, Lawrence Dauer.

Committee 3 is concerned with protection in medicine. It develops recommendations
and guidance on the protection of patients, staff, and the public against radiation
exposure in medicine.
In 2015, the report of Task Group 36 on radiopharmaceuticals was issued as
Publication 128. The report provides a compendium of current information relating toradiation dose to patients, including biokinetic models, biokinetic data, dosecoefficients for organ and tissue absorbed doses, and effective dose for major
radiopharmaceuticals based on the radiation protection guidance given in Publication
60. In 2015, the report of Task Group 88 on Cone Beam Computed Tomography(CBCT) was issued as Publication 129. The report provides guidance on radiological

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ICRP Annual Report 2015

protection in the new technology of CBCT andrecommendations on radiation dose management
directedatdifferent

stakeholders,andcoversprinciples of radiological protection, training, andquality assurance aspects.

OutlookIn radiotherapy, ongoing work includes occupational
radiological protection in brachytherapy. In nuclear medicine, radiological protectionin therapy with radiopharmaceuticals is being reviewed. In a separate effort,
Committee 3 continues to work with Committee 2 on dose to patients fromradiopharmaceuticals. Occupational protection is covered in all Committee 3
documents, but a working party is paying specific attention to occupational protection
issues in fluoroscopy- and CT-guided interventional procedures. The importance of
this topic is due in part to the impact in medicine of the newly recommended
occupational dose limit for the lens of the eye. A final draft document on Diagnostic
Reference Levels in Medical Imaging was completed and a document on justification
in medical imaging is in progress.
Committee 3 is working with Committee 1 on individual human sensitivity to ionisingradiation and is also participating in the Committee 2 Task Group on Effective Dose,and the Main Commission Task Group on Terminology and Definitions. Committee 3
prepares educational slides for each of its publications and makes them available on
the ICRP website for free download. Committee 3 has also completed a final draft foran educational document on Radiation Protection for Health Care Providers.
Areas for future work and topics to be kept under surveillance include: the frameworkfor optimisation in medical imaging for individual patients; monitoring radiation dosequantities in imaging; risk assessment and management in radiotherapy; protection of
the lens of the eye, cardiovascular system, and brain: implications for medicine of
Publication 118; and, unintended exposures in medicine.

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ICRP Annual Report 2015

Committee 4 (Application of theCommission’s Recommendations)
Committee 4 develops principles and recommendations on radiologicalprotection of people in all exposure situations.

Committee 4 in Seoul, October 2015 – From left to right back: Michiaki Kai, Analia Canoba, Ann
McGarry, Deborah Oughton, Thiagan Pather, Senlin Liu. From left to right front: John Takala, Sergey
Shinkarev, Jean-François Lecomte (Secretary), Donald Cool (Chair), Anne Nisbet, Kun-Woo Cho(Vice-Chair), François Bochud, Michael Boyd. Inset: Toshimitsu Homma, Eduardo Gallego.

The Committee 4 programme of work encompasses several broad areas, including aseries of reports covering various aspects of existing exposure situations, leading the
ICRP effort to update and elaborate recommendations in light of the accident at
Fukushima Daiichi for emergencies and living in contaminated areas, elaborating theunderpinnings of the System of Radiological Protection, and developing focused
reports on specific topic areas in consultation with organisations in formal relations
with ICRP (‘liaison organisations’).
The report of Task Group 83 on Cosmic radiation in aviation was approved for
publication. The report provides updated guidance on the radiological protection fromcosmic radiation in aviation taking into account the current System of Radiological

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ICRP Annual Report 2015

Protection, the latest available data on exposures inaviation and the experience gained worldwide in their
management.
Task Group 94 on Ethics of Radiological Protection isdevelopingaunderpinnings
Protection,

reportthatof

System

and

the
is

elaborates

intended

of
to

on

the

Radiologicalimprove

ourunderstanding and use of the System, and assist in
developing decision approaches and communications. The Task Group has benefited
from a series of workshops organised in cooperation with the International Radiation
Protection Association (IRPA), resulting in a preliminary draft made available fordiscussion by the IRPA associate societies for the Congress in 2016.
Task Group 93 is contributing to ICRP’s review of lessons from the Fukushima Daiichi
accident, and will update Publications 109 and 111. This work is being conducted inconjunction with the ICRP Fukushima Dialogue initiative.

Outlook
Task Group 76 is developing a report that examines the issues of applying the
System of Radiological Protection to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials(NORM). NORM industries are particularly challenging because of the wide range ofpossible situations and the lack of radiological protection cultures in many longestablished industries.
Task Group 98 on application of the Commission’s Recommendations to exposuresresulting from contaminated sites from past industrial, military and nuclear activities
will complement the Task Group 93 work on living in contaminated areas, andcomplete the initial suite of reports on existing exposure situations. In 2015, the Task
Group met multiple times by teleconference, and a full meeting in conjunction with aworkshop in Oslo.
As part of the interactions with ICRP’s liaison organisations, Committee 4 worked with
the International Labour Organization to update their General Observations. The
Committee also continues to consider possible topics for future focused reports
based on suggestions from our liaison organisations.

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ICRP Annual Report 2015

Committee 5 (Protection of the Environment)
Committee 5 develops reference models and data, and guidance onradiological protection of the environment.

Committee 5 in Seoul, October 2015 – From left to right back: Per Strand, Almudena Real (Vice-Chair),
Kazuo Sakai, David Copplestone (Secretary). From left to right front: Li Jianguo, Kathryn Higley (Chair),Carl-Magnus Larsson, Jacqueline Garnier-Laplace, Alexander Ulanovsky. Inset: Jordi Vives i Batlle.

Committee 5 is concerned with radiological protection of the environment. It aims toensure that the development and application of approaches to environmental
protection are compatible with those for radiological protection of man, and with thosefor protection of the environment from other potential hazards.
In 2015, the Main Commission approved the creation of Task Group 99 on Reference
Animals and Plants (RAPs) Monographs. The main objective is to gather and updatebasic data and give guidance for the best use and practices of RAPs, in support of
the application of the System of Radiological Protection of the environment in planned,
emergency and existing exposure situations. The work will extend, verify, validate
and supplement the databases of Publications 108 and 114; and thus will consolidate
the scientific basis of the System of Radiological Protection with respect to the13

ICRP Annual Report 2015environment and complement the application of the
System described in Publication 124.
Committee 5 is currently finalising the work of two task
groups that will provide further depth to the Systemoutlined above, namely on improved dosimetry anddosimetric tools for biota; and on relative biologicaleffectiveness including its significance in relation toenvironmental protection.
During the year, Carl-Magnus Larsson stepped down as Committee 5 Chair (whileremaining a member of the Main Commission), and Kathryn Higley was elected tothis position.

Outlook
Future work will focus on the scientific foundation for our understanding of the primary
components of an ecological risk assessment, namely transfer and dosimetry to biota,
radiation effects on biota, and implications at higher levels of ecological organisations(populations, communities, ecosystems) when characterising the radiological risk.
Additionally, Committee 5 together with Committee 4 will further develop the
methodology to consider the environment when applying the System of RadiologicalProtection. The aim is to provide specific recommendations with respect toradiological and other non-radiological considerations for existing and emergency
exposure situations. Case studies will be used to consider how optimisation andjustification should apply in the context of both humans and biota, noting that humanradiological protection will always take precedence for example in emergencies.
Consideration will also be given to converting the Derived Consideration Reference
Levels (DCRLs) into environmental concentrations and other measures (e.g. ambient
dose equivalent) to aid communication and understanding for existing and emergency
situations.

14ICRP Annual Report 2015

Task Groups
Active as of December 31, 2015:
C2/3 TG 36 Radiopharmaceuticals, Chair D. Noßke
C1 TG 64 Cancer Risk from Alpha Emitters, Chair Margot Tirmarche
C5 TG 72 RBE and Reference Animals and Plants, Chair Kathryn Higley
C5 TG 74 More Realistic Dosimetry for Non-human Species, Chair Alexander
Ulanovsky
C4 TG 76 Application of the Commission’s Recommendations to NORM
(Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material), Chair by Jean-François Lecomte
C2 TG 79 The Use of Effective Dose as a Risk Related Radiological Protection
Quantity, Chair John Harrison
C4 TG 83 Protection of Aircraft Crew against Cosmic Radiation Exposure, Chair
Jacques Lochard
C3 TG 89 Occupational Radiological Protection in Brachytherapy, Chair
Lawrence Dauer
C2 TG 90 Age-dependent Dose Conversion Coefficients for External Exposures
to Environmental Sources, Chair Nina Petoussi-Henß
C1 TG 91 Radiation Risk Inference at Low-dose and Low-dose Rate Exposure
for Radiological Protection Purposes, Chair Werner Rühm
MC TG 92 Terminology and Definitions, Chair Wolfgang Dörr
C4 TG 93 Update of ICRP Publications 109 and 111, Chair Michiaki Kai
C4 TG 94 Ethics of Radiological Protection, Chair Kun-Woo Cho
C2 TG 95 Internal Dose Coefficients, Chair François Paquet
C2 TG 96 Computational Phantoms and Radiation Transport, Chair Wesley Bolch
C4 TG 97 Application of the Commission’s Recommendations for Surface andNear Surface Disposal of Solid Radioactive Waste, Chair Thiagan Pather
C4 TG 98 Application of the Commission’s Recommendations to Exposures
Resulting from Contaminated Sites from Past Industrial, Military and Nuclear
Activities, Chair Michael Boyd
C5 TG 99 Reference Animals and Plants (RAPs) Monographs, Chair Jacqueline
Garnier-Laplace
MC TG 100 ICRP Reflection Group on NCRP Council Committee 1, Chair
Jacques Lochard

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ICRP Annual Report 2015

Relations with Other Organisations
ICRP recognises the need to remain independent from undue influence, while
maintaining good working relationships with other organisations with an interest inradiological protection. To this end, ICRP works with a wide variety of organisations
from many sectors, and establishes formal relations with relevant internationalorganisations. National organisations are considered where no internationalorganisation exists that could reasonably represent their views. Currently, theseinclude: European ALARA Network (EAN) European Commission (EC) European Nuclear Installations Safety Standards Initiative (ENISS) European Platform on Preparedness for Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Response
and Recovery (NERIS) European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) European Radioecology Alliance (ALLIANCE) Heads of the European Radiological Protection Competent Authorities (HERCA)
 Ibero American Forum of Radiological and Nuclear Regulatory Organisations (FORO)
 IndustriAll Global Union's International Network (INWUN)
 Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE)
 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
 International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU)
 International Labour Organisation (ILO) International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) Multidisciplinary European Low Dose Initiative (MELODI)
 OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) US Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors (CRCPD) US National Council for Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP)
 World Health Organisation (WHO) World Nuclear Association (WNA)
Meetings with senior representatives of these organisations to discuss issues ofstrategic importance are held regularly. In addition, representatives of theseorganisations may be invited to provide expertise in specific ICRP Committee
sessions, or to participate as members of ICRP Task Groups where their expertise iscentral to the objectives of the group.

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ICRP Annual Report 2015

MEMBERSHIPICRP membership totals approximately 250 experts from more than 30
countries. The membership of the Main Commission, Scientific
Secretariat, and Committees as of December 31, 2015 is shown below.
The membership of Task Groups can be found at www.icrp.org.

Main Commission
Claire Cousins (Chair)
Addenbrooke’s Hospital, UK

Hua Liu
National Nuclear Safety
Administration, Ministry ofEnvironment Protection, China

Jacques Lochard (Vice-Chair)Centre d'étude sur l'Evaluation de laProtection dans le domaine Nucléaire,FranceHans-Georg Menzel
CERN (Retired), Switzerland

John D Boice Jr
National Council on Radiation
Protection and Measurements, USA

Ohtsura Niwa
Radiation Effect Research
Foundation, Japan

Donald A Cool (C4 Chair)
Electric Power Research Institute, USA

Sergey RomanovSouthern Ural Biophysics Institute,
Russian Federation

John D Harrison (C2 Chair)Oxford Brookes University, UK

Eliseo Vañó (C3 Chair)Complutense University, Spain

Carl-Magnus Larsson
Australian Radiation Protection and
Nuclear Safety Agency, Australia

Christopher Clement (Scientific Secretary)
International Commission on
Radiological Protection, Canada

Jai-Ki Lee
Hanyang University, Korea

Emeritus members: Roger H Clarke, Bo Lindell, Charles B Meinhold, Fred A Mettler,
R Jan Pentreath, Christian Streffer

Scientific Secretariat
Christopher Clement (Scientific Secretary)
Nobuyuki Hamada (Assistant Scientific Secretary)
Lynn Lemaire (Executive Assistant)17

Toshihiro Higuchi (Historian, p/t)
Intern (rotating)ICRP Annual Report 2015

Committee 1 (Radiation Effects)
Simon Bouffler (Vice-Chair)
Werner Rühm (Secretary)
Tamara Azizova
Nobuhiko Ban
Ranajit Chakraborty
Wolfgang Dörr
Michael Hauptmann
Dominique Laurier

Preetha Rajaraman
Sisko Salomaa
Dan Stram
Quanfu Sun
Margot Tirmarche
Richard Wakeford
Andrzej Wojcik

Committee 2 (Doses from Radiation Exposures)John D Harrison (Chair)
François Paquet (Vice-Chair)
Wesley E Bolch (Secretary)
Michael R Bailey
Vladimir Berkovski
Luiz Bertelli
Douglas Chambers
Marina Degteva

Akira EndoJohn G S Hunt
Chan Hyeong Kim
Richard Leggett
Jizeng Ma
Dietmar Noßke
Nina Petoussi-Henß
Frank Wissmann

Emeritus member: Keith Eckerman

Committee 3 (Protection in Medicine)
Eliseo Vañó (Chair)
Donald L Miller (Vice-Chair)
Madan M Rehani (Secretary)
Kimberly E Applegate
Michel Bourguignon
Lawrence T Dauer
Sandor Demeter
Keon Kang

Pek-Lan Khong
Reinhard Loose
Pedro Ortiz Lopez
Colin Martin
Katrine Åhlström-Riklund
Pierre Scalliet
Yoshiharu Yonekura
Baorong Yue

Emeritus members: Sören Mattson, Marvin Rosenstein

Committee 4 (Application of theCommission’s Recommendations)
Donald A Cool (Chair)
Kun-Woo Cho (Vice-Chair)Jean-François Lecomte (Secretary)
François Bochud
Michael Boyd
Analia Canoba
Mark Doruff
Eduardo Gallego
Toshimitsu Homma

Michiaki Kai
Senlin Liu
Ann McGarryAnne Nisbet
Deborah Oughton
Thiagan Pather
Sergey Shinkarev
John Takala

Committee 5 (Protection of the Environment)
Kathryn A Higley (Chair)
Almudena Real (Vice-Chair)David Copplestone (Secretary)
Jordi Vives i Batlle
Jacqueline Garnier-Laplace

Jianguo Li
Kazuo Sakai
Per Strand
Alexander Ulanovsky

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ICRP Annual Report 2015

THE THIRD INTERNATIONALSYMPOSIUM ON THE SYSTEM OF
RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION
ICRP’s 3rd International Symposiumon the System of RadiologicalProtection was held in Seoul, Korea
on 20-22 October 2015 and attracted
nearly 400 participants from 46
countries. The event was hosted by
the Korean Association for Radiation
Protection (KARP), and supported bya large number of organisations
including: Korea Institute of Nuclear
Safety (KINS), Korea Hydro & Nuclear
Power (KHNP), and Korea Atomic
Energy Research Institute (KAERI).
The full list of supporters is found on
pages 31 and 32.
The three-day Symposium began withan introductory session, ‘Advancing
together after 87 years,’ dedicated topresenting ICRP and outlining the
ICRP programme of work, followed by
five topical sessions.
Proceedings of the Symposium will be published in the Annals of the ICRP. Thanks tosupport from the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation,
Building and Nuclear Safety, the pdf version of the proceedings will be free todownload, and registered participants are eligible to receive a printed copy at nocharge.

19

ICRP Annual Report 2015

Exploring Existing Exposure Situations
This session presented the wide variety of circumstances that fall within the existing
exposure situation, including exposures to cosmic radiation, living in a contaminatedarea while dealing with post-accident recovery, and the problem of sites
contaminated by past practices.

Radiological Protection in Medicine Today
This session began with a review of eight decades of experience, continued with a
discussion of current issues in Korea and worldwide, and examined the state of theart with a review of recently released ICRP recommendations on radiologicalprotection in ion beam radiotherapy, and web-based resources that provide
information on radiation risks and benefits to healthcare providers.

.

The Science Behind Radiation Doses
This session gave those present an insight into the work of ICRP Committee 2 andthe related work of Committee 5, particularly in terms of looking at the major task ofdeveloping dose coefficients. In addition, information was provided on a new
approach being considered for operational quantities by our sister organisation, theInternational Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, and on ICRP’seffort to provide additional guidance on the use of effective dose.

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ICRP Annual Report 2015

New Developments in Understanding Radiation
Effects
Some of the latest scientific findings, and the potential implications for the System ofRadiological Protection, were presented in this session, looking at stem cell biology,
dose-rate effects, variations in human radiosensitivity, and risks of non-cancer effects.

Ethics in Radiological Protection
The final session of the symposium was on ‘Ethics in radiological protection’, thesubject of an ICRP Task Group, and a topic that has engaged many in the21

ICRP Annual Report 2015

radiological protection profession since ICRP began to review it in earnest in 2012.
This ICRP effort, and this symposium session, focussed on the ethical values
inherent in the System of Radiological Protection.

Given the success of an ICRP’s series of symposia, planning has already begun for
the 4th International Symposium on Radiological Protection. It will be held inParis, France, 10-12 October 2017, in conjunction with the next biennial joint
meetings of the Main Commission and Committees.

22

ICRP Annual Report 2015

PUBLICATIONSFive reports were published in the Annals of the ICRP in 2015. Their abstracts are on
the following pages.
For subscriptions, please contact SAGE at subscriptions@sagepub.co.uk or tel. +44(0) 20 7324 8701. A complete list of issues by ICRP publication number, along withlinks to the pay-per-view facility, is available here:
http://ani.sagepub.com/site/includefiles/icrp_publications_collection.xhtml
For printed copies, please contact the relevant SAGE regional sales office:EuropeSAGE Publications Ltd
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Tel: +1 800 818 7243
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E-mail: textbooks@sagepub.com

50 Years of ICRP for Free
As a step towards making our publications more accessible, the first 50 years of
ICRP publications are now available free to download. Go to the ICRP Publications
page at http://www.icrp.org/publications.asp and look for the "(FREE PDF)" links.
We want to make more of our publications available free of charge, and are working
hard to raise the necessary financial support to do so. If you or your organisation
would like to learn more about how you can help, please contact Christopher Clement,
ICRP Scientific Secretary, at sci.sec@icrp.org.

23

ICRP Annual Report 2015

Publication 127 Radiological Protection in Ion BeamRadiotherapy
Y. Yonekura, H. Tsujii, J.W. Hopewell, P. Ortiz Lopez, J-M. Cosset, H. Paganetti,
A. Montelius, D. Schardt, B. Jones, T. Nakamura
The goal of external-beam radiotherapy is to provide precise dose localisation in thetreatment volume of the target with minimal damage to the surrounding normal tissue.
Ion beams, such as protons and carbon ions, provide excellent dose distributions due
primarily to their finite range, allowing a significant reduction of undesired exposure of
normal tissue. Careful treatment planning is required for the given type andlocalisation of the tumour to be treated in order to maximise treatment efficiency andminimise the dose to normal tissue. Radiation exposure in out-of-field volumes arises
from secondary neutrons and photons, particle fragments, and photons from
activated materials. These unavoidable doses should be considered from thestandpoint of radiological protection of the patient.
Radiological protection of medical staff at ion beam radiotherapy facilities requires
special attention. Appropriate management and control are required for thetherapeutic equipment and the air in the treatment room that can be activated by theparticle beam and its secondaries. Radiological protection and safety management
should always conform with regulatory
requirements. The current regulations foroccupational

exposuresinphotonradiotherapy are applicable to ion beam
radiotherapy with protons or carbon ions.
However, ion beam radiotherapy requiresa more complex treatment system thanconventional

radiotherapy,

andappropriate training of staff and suitable
qualityassurance

programmesarerecommended to avoid possible accidental
exposureofpatients,

tominimise

unnecessary doses to normal tissue, andto minimise radiation exposure of staff.

24

ICRP Annual Report 2015

Publication 128 Radiation Dose to Patients fromRadiopharmaceuticals: A Compendium of Current
Information Related to Frequently Used SubstancesS. Mattsson, L. Johansson, S. Leide Svegborn, J. Liniecki, D. Noßke, K. Å.
Riklund, M. Stabin, D. Taylor, W. Bolch, S. Carlsson, K. Eckerman, A. Giussani,
L. Söderberg, S. ValindThis report provides a compendium of current information relating to radiation dose topatients, including biokinetic models, biokinetic data, dose coefficients for organ andtissue absorbed doses, and effective dose for major radiopharmaceuticals based on
the radiation protection guidance given in Publication 60. These data were mainlycompiled from Publications 53, 80, and 106, and related amendments and corrections.
This report also includes new information for 82 Rb-chloride, iodide (123I, 124I, 125I, and131I)

and 123

Ilabelled 2.-carbomethoxy 3.-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)

nortropane (FPCIT). The coefficients tabulated in this publication will be supersededin due course by values calculated using new International Commission on Radiation
Units and Measurements / International
Commission on Radiological Protection
adult and paediatric reference phantoms
and Publication 103 methodology. The
data presented in this report are intended
for diagnostic nuclear medicine and not fortherapeutic applications.

25ICRP Annual Report 2015

Publication 129 Radiological Protection in Cone
Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)
M.M. Rehani, R. Gupta, S. Bartling, G.C. Sharp, R. Pauwels, T. Berris, J.M.
Boone
The objective of this publication is to provide guidance on radiological protection in
the new technology of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Publications 87
and 102 dealt with patient dose management in computed tomography (CT) andmulti-detector CT. The new applications of CBCT and the associated radiologicalprotection issues are substantially different from those of conventional CT. The
perception that CBCT involves lower doses was only true in initial applications. CBCT
is now used widely by specialists who have little or no training in radiologicalprotection. This publication provides recommendations on radiation dosemanagement directed at different stakeholders, and covers principles of radiologicalprotection, training, and quality assurance aspects. Advice on appropriate use of
CBCT needs to be made widely available. Advice on optimisation of protection whenusing CBCT equipment needs to be strengthened, particularly with respect to the useof newer features of the equipment. Manufacturers should standardise radiation dose
displays on CBCT equipment to assist users in optimisation of protection andcomparisons of performance. Additional challenges to radiological protection are
introduced when CBCT-capable equipment is used for both fluoroscopy andtomography during the same procedure. Standardised methods need to beestablished for tracking and reporting ofpatient radiation doses from theseprocedures.
The recommendations provided in thispublication may evolve in the future as
CBCT equipment and applications evolve.
As with previous ICRP publications, theCommission
hopes
that
imaging
professionals, medical physicists, andmanufacturers will use the guidelines andrecommendations
providedinthispublication for implementation of theCommission’s principle of optimisation ofprotection of patients and medical workers,
with the objective of keeping exposures as
low as reasonably achievable, taking into
account economic and societal factors,
and consistent with achieving thenecessary medical outcomes.

26

ICRP Annual Report 2015

Publication 130 Occupational Intakes ofRadionuclides: Part 1
F. Paquet, G. Etherington, M.R. Bailey, R.W. Leggett, J. Lipsztein, W. Bolch, K.F.
Eckerman, J.D. Harrison
This report is the first in a series of reports replacing Publications 30 and 68 toprovide revised dose coefficients for occupational intakes of radionuclides byinhalation and ingestion. The revised dose coefficients have been calculated using
the Human Alimentary Tract Model (Publication 100) and a revision of the Human
Respiratory Tract Model (Publication 66) that takes account of more recent data. In
addition, information is provided on absorption into blood following inhalation andingestion of different chemical forms of elements and their radioisotopes. In selectedcases, it is judged that the data are sufficient to make material-specificrecommendations. Revisions have been made to many of the models that describe
the systemic biokinetics of radionuclides absorbed into blood, making them more
physiologically realistic representations of uptake and retention in organs and tissues,and excretion. The reports in this series provide data for the interpretation of bioassay
measurements

as

well

as

dose

coefficients, replacing Publications 54 and78. In assessing bioassay data such asmeasurements of whole-body or organ
content, or urinary excretion, assumptions
have to be made about the exposure
scenario, including the pattern and modeofradionuclide

intake,physicalandchemical characteristics of the material
involved, and the elapsed time between
the exposure(s) and measurement. This
reportprovidesmonitoring

someprogrammes

guidance

on

and

data

interpretation.

27

ICRP Annual Report 2015

Publication 131 Stem Cell Biology with Respect toCarcinogenesis Aspects of Radiological Protection
O. Niwa, M.H. Barcellos-Hoff, R.K. Globus, J.D. Harrison, J.H. Hendry, P. Jacob,
M.T. Martin, T.M. Seed, J.W. Shay, M.D. Story, K. Suzuki, S. Yamashita
This report provides a review of stem cells/progenitor cells and their responses to ionisingradiation in relation to issues relevant to stochastic effects of radiation that form a major part of
the International Commission on Radiological Protection’s system of radiological protection.
Current information on stem cell characteristics, maintenance and renewal, evolution with age,location in stem cell ‘niches’, and radiosensitivity to acute and protracted exposures ispresented in a series of substantial reviews as annexes concerning haematopoietic tissue,
mammary gland, thyroid, digestive tract, lung, skin, and bone. This foundation of knowledge ofstem cells is used in the main text of the report to provide a biological insight into issues suchas the linear-no-threshold (LNT) model, cancer risk among tissues, dose rate effects, andchanges in the risk of radiation carcinogenesis by age at exposure and attained
age. Knowledge of the biology and associated radiation biology of stem cells and progenitor
cells is more developed in tissues that renew fairly rapidly, such as haematopoietic tissue,
intestinal mucosa, and epidermis, although all the tissues considered here possess stem cell
populations. Important features of stem cell maintenance, renewal, and response are themicro-environmental signals operating in the niche residence, for which a well-defined spatial
location has been identified in some tissues. The identity of the target cell for carcinogenesis
continues to point to the more primitive stem cell population that is mostly quiescent, andhence able to accumulate the protracted sequence of mutations necessary to result inmalignancy. In addition, there is some potential for daughter progenitor cells to be target cells
in particular cases, such as in haematopoietic tissue and in skin. Several biological processes
could contribute to protecting stem cells from mutation accumulation: (a) accurate DNA repair;(b) rapidly induced death of injured stem cells; (c) retention of the DNA parental template
strand during divisions in some tissue systems, so that mutations are passed to the daughter
differentiating cells and not retained in theparental cell; and (d) stem cell competition,
whereby undamaged stem cells outcompete
damaged stem cells for residence in the niche.
DNA repair mainly occurs within a few days ofirradiation, while stem cell competition requires
weeks or many months depending on thetissue type. The aforementioned processes
may contribute to the differences incarcinogenic radiation risk values between
tissues, and may help to explain why a rapidly
replicating tissue such as small intestine is lessprone to such risk. The processes also provide
a mechanistic insight relevant to the LNTmodel, and the relative and absolute risk
models. The radiobiological knowledge also
provides a scientific insight into discussions of
the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor
currently used in radiological protection
guidelines. In addition, the biologicalinformation contributes potential reasons forthe age-dependent sensitivity to radiation
carcinogenesis, including the effects of in-utero
exposure.

28

ICRP Annual Report 2015

FINANCES
ITEM

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

Incoming Resources
Contributions Received

799 343529 949482 334533 025

650,955

Royalties

151 846

126 527

103 772

199 059

70,071

0

8

30

1 331

78

951 189

656 484

586 146733 414721 104

Promotion of Radiological Protection

378 187

240 069

303 917401 855627 326

Governance Costs

377 611392 753

380 943

269 846288 646

Other Resources Expended

1 896

36 64223 037

13 03421 873

Total Resources Expended

757 694

669 464

707 897684 735

937 845

Net Movement in Resources

193 495(12 980)(121 750)

48 679(216 741)

Total Funds Carried Forward

280 843

87 348100 328

222 078

173 399

2 415

0

0

1 032

2 680

Current Assets

155 734

22 57495 683

107 572236 567

Debtors

192 683

149 186

194 986

242 167

38 498Creditors(69 989)(84 412)(190 341)(128 693)(104 346)

Net Assets

280 843

87 348100 328

222 078

173 399

Interest and Other Income

Total Incoming Resources
Resources Expended

Tangible Fixed Assets

This is a summary of ICRP annual financial statements as audited by Tudor John Chartered Accountants, Epsom,
UK. All amounts are expressed in US dollars.

Although this table focuses on finances, the majority of ICRP support is received inkind. For example, members’ institutions make members’ time available withoutcharge and, in many cases, cover their costs of attending ICRP meetings.

29

ICRP Annual Report 2015

Financial Contributors in 2015
ICRP is financed primarily through voluntary contributions from organisations with aninterest in radiological protection. All voluntary contributions are accepted with theunderstanding that they do not influence the ICRP membership or programme ofwork. Those providing financial contributions to ICRP in 2015 were: Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency
 Cameco Corporation
 Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
 Chinese Society of Radiation Protection (中国辐射防护学会) Danish National Board of Health (Statens Institut for Strålehygiejne, SIS) Électricité de France Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (Säteilyturvakeskus, STUK) French Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (Institut deradioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire, IRSN) French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Agence nationale pourla gestion des déchets radioactifs, ANDRA)
 German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building andNuclear Safety (Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und
Reaktorsicherheit, BMUB)
 Health Canada
 Icelandic Radiation Safety Authority (Geislavarnir ríkisins) International Atomic Energy Agency
 International Labour Office International Radiation Protection Association
 International Society of Radiology
 Japan NUS Co Ltd. (日本エヌ・ユー・エス株式会社, JANUS) Japanese Radioisotope Association(公益社団法人日本アイソトープ協会)
 Nippon Foundation, Japan (公益財団法人日本財団)
 Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (Statens strålevern) OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
 Russian Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Federal Medical Biological Agency
 Spanish Nuclear Safety Council (Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear, CSN)
 Swedish Ministry of the Environment (Miljödepartementet)
 UAE Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation ( ‫ اﻹﻣﺎرات اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬، ‫اﻟﮭﯾﺋﺔ اﻷﺗﺣﺎدﯾﺔ ﻟﻠرﻗﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻧووﯾﺔ‬‫)اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة‬ US Environmental Protection Agency
 US Nuclear Energy Institute US Nuclear Regulatory Commission

30

ICRP Annual Report 2015

A large number of organisations support the work of ICRP beyond those providing
financial contributions in 2015. We are pleased to take this opportunity to recognisethem for their important contribution to ICRP, and thereby radiological protection
world-wide. The following have supported ICRP over the last few years throughfinancial contributions, or, in some cases, in-kind contributions to ICRP International
Symposia on the System of Radiological Protection.

Top Supporters
German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building andNuclear Safety (BMUB)*
Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS)*
Nippon Foundation, Japan
UAE Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation (FANR)
US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

High Level & Long Term (10+ years)
Supporters
Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA)
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC)*
Danish Health and Medicines Authority (SIS)
European Commission (EC)
Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK)
French Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN)
Health Canada (HC)
Icelandic Radiation Safety Authority (GR)International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA)*International Society of Radiology (ISR)
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)*
Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. (KHNP)*
Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA)OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)
Spanish Nuclear Safety Council (CSN)
Swedish Ministry of the Environment (SSM)31

ICRP Annual Report 2015

Loyal Supporters (5+ years)
Cameco Corporation, Canada*
Chinese Society of Radiation Protection (CSRP)
Japan NUS Co Ltd (JANUS)
Japan Radioisotope Association (JRIA)*
Russian Southern Urals Biophysical Institute (SUBI)

Supporters
Boo Kyung Scientific Medical Co., Ltd., Korea*
Dongsuh Companies Inc., Korea*
Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction, Korea*
Electricité de France (EDF)*
French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (ANDRA)
French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN)
Hanil Nuclear Co., Ltd., Korea*
HDX Corporation, Korea*
Korea Electric Power Corporation Engineering & Construction Company Inc. (KEPCO E&C)*
Korea Inspection & Engineering Co., Ltd.*
Korea Nuclear International Cooperation Foundation (KONICOF)*
Korea Radioactive Waste Agency (KORAD)*
Korean Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC)*
Korean Radiation Safety Foundation (KORSAFE)
Kwangwon Trading, Korea*
Landauer Europe
New Korea Industrial Co., Ltd., Korea*
Pfungstädter, Korea*
Samyoung Unitech Co., Ltd., Korea*
Sang Chung International Co., Ltd., Korea*
Shin Jin Medics Inc., Korea*
Sunkwang T&S Co., Ltd., Korea*
UAE Abu Dhabi Health Authority
UAE Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (ENEC)UAE Union Defence Force
UK Public Health England (PHE)US Department of Energy
US National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP)
US Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI)* Supporter of ICRP 201532

ICRP Annual Report 201533

ICRP Annual Report 201534

ICRP Annual Report 201535

ICRP Annual Report 2015

IN MEMORIAM

Dr William F. Morgan
1952 – 2015

ICRP Committee 1 Member 2005 – 2015
ICRP Main Commission Member andCommittee 1 Chair 2011 – 201536

ICRP Annual Report 201537