Tohoku Green Renaissance Projects and Ecosystem-BasedŝƐĂƐƚĞƌZŝƐŬZĞĚƵĐƟŽŶ;ĐŽͲZZͿ東北グリーン復興と生態系を基盤とした防災･減災 (Eco-DRR)
The Tohoku Green Renaissance Project, Ecosystem Adaptability Center, Graduate School of Life Science,Tohoku University
東北大学大学院生命科学研究科生態適応センター「海と田んぼからのグリーン復興プロジェクト」

1. Tohoku Green Renaissance Project
The Tohoku Green Renaissance
Project

海と田んぼからのグリーン復興プロジェクトDĂũŽƌĐƟŽŶƐ
1. Ecosystem monitoring

The massive earthquake and tsunamis of 11th March2011 caused catastrophic damage to our homes in theTohoku region. Rebuilding society and the economy ofthis region is a priority for the whole of Japan and ofƉƌĞƐƐŝŶŐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƚŽƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘dŚĞarea devastated was a harmonious natural mixture ofriparian land, forest and ocean, and historically theƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĂƌĞĂŚĂƐŽƉƟŵŝǌĞĚŝƚƐĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ
services for their livelihoods.
Rapid re-development of this area, withoutĐŽŶĚƵĐƟŶŐĂŶĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůŝŵƉĂĐƚĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚĂŶĚ
giving adequate thought to the biodiversity of its
rivers, rice pad- dies and ocean, may not only fail torepair the natural damage, but compound the lossesĂůƌĞĂĚǇƐƵīĞƌĞĚ͘&ŽƌƚŚŝƐƌĞĂƐŽŶǁĞďĞůŝĞǀĞĂ
renaissance, or rebirth, of the area is necessary via“Green Rebuilding” to enrich the ecosystems andnurture biodiversity.
tĞĂĸƌŵĂƐĐŝƟǌĞŶƐŽĨƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶƚŚĂƚŐƌĞĞŶrebuilding is necessary to regain and secure regional
well being and to strengthen our harmoniousƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉǁŝƚŚŶĂƚƵƌĞ͘tĞďĞůŝĞǀĞĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐൻĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞŽĐĞĂŶ͕ĨŽƌĞƐƚƐĂŶĚƌŝĐĞƉĂĚĚŝĞƐǁŝƚŚŚƵŵĂŶǁĞůůͲďĞŝŶŐൻĂƌĞĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůƚŽƌĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƚŚĞdŽŚŽŬƵƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ĸůŝĂƚĞĚŽĚŝĞƐ͗
Tohoku University, Ecosystem Adaptability Center
Tambo (Rice Paddies Network JAPAN)
Moriwa-Umino-Koibito
Tohoku Chamber of Environment^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ^ŽůƵƟŽŶƐ

Supporters:/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌ'ůŽďĂůŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ;/'^Ϳ͕ZĂŵƐĂƌEĞƚǁŽƌŬ
Japan, Environment Outreach Centre (GEOC), General Incorporated&ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶDh&͕hŶŝƚĞĚEĂƟŽŶƐhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇĂŶĚWĞĂĐĞ;hEhͲ/^WͿ͕hŶŝƚĞĚEĂƟŽŶƐhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨĚǀĂŶĐĞĚ^ƚƵĚŝĞƐKƉĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚ/ƐŚŝŬĂǁĂͬ<ĂŶĂǌĂǁĂ;hEhͲ/^ͬKh/<Ϳ͕dŚŝŶŬƚŚĞĂƌƚŚ͕W:WE͕ĂƌƚŚĂǇǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ͕:ĂƉĂŶƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ/ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞĨŽƌŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ;:/ͿdŽŚŽŬƵdĂƐŬĨŽƌĐĞ͕Contact:Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ecosystem Nikkei BP Eco Management Forum Tohoku Taskforce, Earth Watch
Japan, Regional Environmental Planning Inc., Geoecological
Adaptability Center
Conservaton Network, Egao-TsunageteϲͲϯŽďĂŬƵƌĂŵĂŬŝͲǌĂͲŽďĂ͕^ĞŶĚĂŝ͕:ĂƉĂŶ͘d>͗
(Supporters and case projects are now invited)нϴϭͲϮϮͲϳϵϱͲϯϲϯϳ&y͗нϴϭͲϮϮͲϳϵϱͲϯϲϯϴE-mail:eac@g-mail.tohoku-university.jp

ĐƟŽŶ'ŽĂůƐϭ͘/ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚůĂŶĚƵƐĞƚŚĂƚŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƐĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌǀŝĂdeployment of ecosystem services■Monitor the magnitude of the damage and the status of remaining
ecosystems, including coastal areas, rivers, rice paddies, forests, andislands. The data will be used to design “green re-building.” Surveys
ŚĂǀĞĂůƌĞĂĚǇďĞĞŶĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚŝŶŵĂŶǇƟĚĂůŇĂƚƐĂŶĚƌŝĐĞƉĂĚĚŝĞƐ͘ƐƵƌǀĞǇŽĨďƵƩĞƌŇŝĞƐŽŶŝƐůĂŶĚƐŚĂƐĂůƐŽďĞĞŶĐĂƌƌŝĞĚŽƵƚ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶto surveys by specialists, we have a ten-year monitoring plan thatŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ͘^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌǇĐĂŵĞƌĂƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶƉůĂĐĞĚƚŽ
observe changes in rice paddies and their surrounding environments.

Ϯ͘ZĞƐƚŽƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƌŝĐĞƉĂĚĚŝĞƐĚĂŵĂŐĞĚďǇƚŚĞƚƐƵŶĂŵŝ

■ZĞŵŽǀĂůŽĨĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ
With the help of volunteers we have removed waste materials byŚĂŶĚĨƌŽŵĂŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƌŝĐĞƉĂĚĚŝĞƐ͘ůƚŚŽƵŐŚĮĞůĚƌĞƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌŝŶŐŝƐŶĞĞĚĞĚĂŌĞƌƌĞŵŽǀĂůďǇŚĞĂǀǇŵĂĐŚŝŶĞƌǇ͕ŚĂŶĚƌĞŵŽǀĂůĚŽĞƐŶŽƚ
disturb the soil layers.
■Removal of salt
We remove salt with fresh water instead of chemicals. Flooding ricepaddies with fresh water reduces the saline level and makes it
possible to harvest rice as quickly as possible.

Apr 2011

early May 2011late May 2011ϯ͘^ƵƉƉŽƌƚĨŽƌŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇ

■Sales of “Fukkou-Mai” (Tohoku Saikou Bank Project)^ĂůĞƐŽĨƌŝĐĞĨƌŽŵǁŝŶƚĞƌͲŇŽŽĚĞĚƉĂĚĚŝĞƐĂƐ͞&ƵŬŬŽƵͲDĂŝ͘͟&ŽƌƚǇƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞŝƐĚŽŶĂƚĞĚƚŽǁĂƌĚƐĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůƌĞƐƟƚƵƟŽŶ͘■Tohoku Green Renaissance Project Partnership
It aims to prompt regional economy to be independent, with peopleǁŚŽůŝǀĞŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶƉƌĞƐĞƌǀŝŶŐďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇĂŶĚƵƟůŝǌŝŶŐƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐsustainably. The partnership hosted workshops for business matchingƚŽĐƌĞĂƚĞŶĞǁďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘/ƚĂůƐŽƐƚĂƌƚĞĚŵŽĚĞůƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͕
ecotourism and product development, basing on a concept“Shoku-Ho-Gaku-Shu (protect environment and resources of theƌĞŐŝŽŶďǇĞĂƟŶŐůŽĐĂůĨŽŽĚĂŶĚǁĂůŬŝŶŐĂƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƚŚĞregion)” .

Aug 2011ϰ͘ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĨŽƌƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ;^Ϳ■“Kodomo Koizumigaku”
A ESD program is conducted for students in Kesennuma, where a greatƚƐƵŶĂŵŝĂƩĂĐŬĞĚĂŌĞƌƚŚĞ'ƌĞĂƚĂƐƚ:ĂƉĂŶĂƌƚŚƋƵĂŬĞ͘dŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ
learn nature, geography and history of their home town throughĮůĞĚǁŽƌŬĂŶĚĨƌŽŵƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐƚƐ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂďŽƵƚƌĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŌĞƌƚŚĞ
tsunami.

生態系の機能を活用した災害のリスクを和らげる土地利用■ZĞƐƚŽƌĞĐŽĂƐƚĂůƌŝĐĞƉĂĚĚŝĞƐ͗ůĂŶĚĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇǁŝůůďĞƌĞũƵǀĞŶĂƚĞĚďǇƚŚĞĚŝǀĞƌƐĞĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐŽĨǁĞƚůĂŶĚƐ͘KƚŚĞƌƵƐĞƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƟĚĂůŇĂƚƐŽƌĐŽĂƐƚĂůǁĞƚůĂŶĚƐ͕ƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚĨŽƌĂƌĞĂƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞĚŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽƌĞƐƚŽƌĞ;Ğ͘Ő͘ƚŚŽƐĞďĞůŽǁƐĞĂůĞǀĞůͿ͘■DŝƟŐĂƚĞƌŝƐŬǁŝƚŚŇŽŽĚƉůĂŝŶďĂƐŝŶƐŽƌĐŽĂƐƚĂůďĞůƚǌŽŶĞƐĨŽƌǁĞƚůĂŶĚƐ;^ĂƚŽͲ^ŚŝĐŚŝͿ͘■ŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨŽƌŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚůĂŶĚƵƐĞƚŚĂƚŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƐĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐŽīƐĞƚ͕ƚĂǆďĞŶĞĮƚƐ;Ğ͘Ő͘ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞĂƐĞŵĞŶƚͿand insurance.

Ϯ͘ĂƌĞĨƵůĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶƚŚĂƚĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƌĞĚƵĐĞ
ecosystem services
流域全体の生態系からの恵みを低下させない防災・造成の配慮■ZĞĐŽǀĞƌǇŽĨĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵƐƵƐŝŶŐůŽĐĂůǀĞŐĞƚĂƟŽŶ͘■>ĂŶĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚǁŝƚŚĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƌĞĚƵĐĞĚƐĞĚŝŵĞŶƚĚŝƐĐŚĂƌŐĞ͕ĨŽƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ
of marine ecosystems and assurance of water quality.
■ZĞͲĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶƚŚĂƚƚĂŬĞƐŝŶƚŽĂĐĐŽƵŶƚŵĂƌŝŶĞďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂŶĚĂŶŝŵĂůƚƌĂŶƐŝƚƌŽƵƚĞƐ͘DŝƟŐĂƚĞƚƐƵŶĂŵŝŽƌŇŽŽĚƐďǇƐŵĂƌƚĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶƚŚĂƚƉĂƌƌŝĞƐǁĂƚĞƌŇŽǁ͘ϯ͘ĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞǁŝƚŚĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐĂŶĚtheir natural resilience
生態系とその回復力を活かした、持続可能な営みの創造■tŚĞŶƌĞͲĚĞƐŝŐŶŝŶŐůŽĐĂůŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇ;ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͕ĮƐŚĞƌŝĞƐ͕ĨŽƌĞƐƚƌǇ͕ƚŽƵƌŝƐŵĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶͿ͕ůŽĐĂůĐƵůƚƵƌĞĂŶĚĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞshould be integrated. And local residents should share in the process. The beauty and ecology of the landscape is of importance.
■^ŵĂůůŶĂƚƵƌĂůĞŶĞƌŐǇƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐďŝŽŵĂƐƐĂŶĚŚǇĚƌŽĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐƉŽǁĞƌƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƵƐĞĚƚŽƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƐĞůĨͲƐƵĸĐŝĞŶĐǇŝŶĞŶĞƌŐǇ͘■Use of geothermal power should also be promoted. Financial investment should support both rebuilding and biodiversity via a richfood culture and local resources.

2. Green Renaissance and Eco-DRR         

Eco-DRR

Well-managed ecosystems act as natural infrastructure, reducing physicalexposure to many hazards and increasing socio-economic resilience of peopleĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐďǇƐƵƐƚĂŝŶŝŶŐůŽĐĂůůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚƐĂŶĚƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůŶĂƚƵƌĂů
resources such as food, water and building materials (Morawetz and Nehren, 20051;

Sudmeier-Rieux and Ash, 20092). 生態系には災害を緩和する機能がある
Hazard mitigation functions of ecosystems (from Estrella and Saalismaa, 20133)Ecosystem

Mountain forests,
vegetation on
hillsides

Wetlands,
ﬂoodplains

Regurating services ‒ Hazard mitigation• Vegetation cover and root structures protect against erosion and increase slope stability by binding soil together, preventing landslides.
• Forests protect against rockfall and stabilise snow reducing the risk of avalanches.
• Catchment forests, especially primary forests, reduce risk of ﬂoods by increasing inﬁltration of rainfall, and delaying peak ﬂoodwater ﬂows, except when soils are
fully saturated.
• Forests on watersheds are important for water recharge and puriﬁcation, drought mitigation and safeguarding drinking water supply for some of the worldʼ smajor cities.
• Wetlands and ﬂoodplains control ﬂoods in coastal areas, inland river basins, and mountain areas subject to glacial melt.
• Peatlands, wet grasslands and other wetlands store water and release it slowly, reducing the speed and volume of runoﬀ after heavy rainfall or snowmelt inspringtime.
• Coastal wetlands, tidal ﬂats, deltas and estuaries reduce the height and speed of storm surges and tidal waves.
• Coastal ecosystems function as a continuum of natural buﬀer systems protecting against hurricanes, storm surges, ﬂooding and other coastal hazards ‒ a
combined protection from coral reefs, seagrass beds, and sand dunes/coastal wetlands/coastal forests is particularly eﬀective. 7 Research has highlighted several
cases where coastal areas protected by healthy ecosystems have suﬀered less from extreme weather events than more exposed communities.
• Coral reefs and coastal wetlands such as mangroves and saltmarshes absorb (low-magnitude) wave energy, reduce wave heights and reduce erosion fromstorms and high tides.
• Coastal wetlands buﬀer against salt water intrusion and adapt to (slow) sea-level rise by trapping sediment and organic matter.
• Non-porous natural barriers such as sand dunes (with associated plant communities) and barrier islands dissipate wave energy and act as barriers against
waves, currents, storm surges and tsunami.
• Natural vegetation management and restoration in drylands retain moisture to ameliorate the eﬀects of drought and control desertiﬁcation, as trees, grasses
and shrubs conserve soil.
• Shelterbelts, greenbelts and other types of living fences act as barriers against wind erosion and sand storms.
• Maintaining vegetation cover in dryland areas, and agricultural practices such as use of shadow crops, nutrient enriching plants, and vegetation litter increases
resilience to drought.

図、表は文章の幅に合わせて配置

Coastal ecosystems(mangroves,saltmarshes, coralreefs, barrier islands
sand dunes)

Drylands

1. Rain forest management and ecotourism. – In: H. Gaese, F. Kraas & Mi Mi Kyi: Sustainability in Rural and Urban Environments, S. 59-74, Yangoon, Köln.
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生態系や生物多様性から考える復興オプション••

KƉƟŽŶƐŽƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶƵŶŝĨŽƌŵĞĚĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶƐ

ハードに頼った画一的な防災に限らない選択肢が必要

Land use according to disaster risk
災害リスクに応じた土地利用• DĂŬĞƟĚĂůŇĂƚƐŽƌƐĞĂŐƌĂƐƐďĞĚƐƚŽenhance marineƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŝŶŐƌŽƵŶĚƐƵďƐŝĚĞŶĐĞĂƌĞĂ

地盤沈下した場所を無理にもとに戻さずに、干潟や藻場を拡大し、水産資源の涵養能力を高める•

Agriculture that is resilient against disaster and
図、表は文章の幅に合わせて配置
harmonizing
with nature
伝統的水管理など、災害に強く、自然と共生する農業• ZĞƐƚŽƌĞƐŵĂůůĐĂƚĐŚŵĞŶƚƐƚŽŝŵƉƌŽǀĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŽĨĂƋƵĂƟĐƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐĂŶĚƚŽŵĂŬĞƐĞĞĚƐŽĨ
ecotourism

小流域を自然性の高い流域に自然再生させ、養殖水産物の生産を上げるとともに、エコツーリズ
ムのシードを作る

Ecosystem
Adaptability
Center

東北大学生態適応センターは第３回国連防災世界会議を支援しています。