2024年度

英茨城キリスト教大学一般選抜入学試験 2 期

語（ 2 期）（解答は解答用紙に記入すること）

Ⅰ 次の英文を読んで、（問 1 ）〜（問 4 ）に答えなさい。
<1> Have you ever walked to school and realized that you didn’t remember any of the time
between your home and the school? That’s because over time the （i）repetition in your brain has
made that journey a habit. For the first few times you walked that path alone, you probably hadto focus（①）it; your brain worked extra hard to make sure you were safe and going in theright direction. But now you don’t need to think about what street to turn at or even about traffic
because your brain has turned those actions into a habit.

<2> Scientists say that habits（ii）gradually form because the brain is always trying to save effort.
The brain tries to make any routine into a habit because habits allow our minds to rest. Inevolution, this natural desire to rest the brain was important. The more（iv）efficient the human（iii）
brain is, the smaller it can be, and that means the human head can be smaller, too. Human heads
are about as large as they can be and still have babies born relatively safely for the mother andchild.

<3> A study conducted at Duke University shows that our habits make up about 40 percent of
the actions we do each day. Importantly, they can either be （v）beneficial to our lives or create
many problems. Therefore, it is wise to know how to control the habits that make us who we are.
One way to achieve this goal is to divide habits into three parts: the behavior, the cue, and thereward. By knowing these three parts of habits, we can use them to（vi）improve ourselves.

<4> The behavior is the part of a habit that we recognize the most. It can be something liketurning on the TV when you get home after school or buying a snack at the train station on theway home. Neither of these behaviors is good or bad on its own, but if done repeatedly, somenegative （vii）outcomes can happen. For example, if you watch TV every day instead of doing
homework, you will likely get bad grades at school. Likewise, if you eat a high-calory snack
every day without（②）proper exercise, you might start to see the effects on the shape ofyour body.
3<5> After the behavior, the next most important part of a habit is called the cue. Cues aretriggers that remind us to do a behavior. Cues are things like a particular time of day, a place
you visit, an emotion you feel, or after a regular event in your day. In the example above, thecue to watch TV is the emotion you feel when arriving home. After entering the house, you feelrelaxed, and your brain （viii）automatically tells you to turn on the TV. In the same way, if you
take the train home every day from school, walking past the convenience store is the cue tostop to buy something sweet. In short, the cue is a regular event that tells your brain to do thebehavior.

<6> The last part of a habit is something called the reward, which comes after you do thebehavior. It is a feeling of（ix）satisfaction you get for doing the behavior. It is easy to understandthe example of buying the sweet snack because our bodies naturally love fatty, high-calory
foods. Eating the snack is a great reward for stopping at the convenience store. In the exampleof watching TV, the reward might be just to rest for a bit after an exhaust day at school. Therewards we get from doing the behavior are what make us want to do it again.

<7> In conclusion, if you want to create a new, healthy habit or change an old, unwanted habit,
you can’t just focus on the behavior. You must think about the cue and the reward of thebehavior. By finding a（x）noticeable cue and a reward that truly satisfies you, you can start habits
such as doing your homework, exercising, eating healthy food, or doing meditation. These kindsof habits will help you live a longer, better life.

（問 1 ）本文の各段落の内容について、次の（ 1 ）〜（ 7 ）の質問に答えなさい。

（ 1 ）第 1 段落の目的として最も適当なものはａ〜ｃのどれですか。
ａ．To describe why the brain makes habits in our daily lives
ｂ．To explain how the brain works harder with habitsｃ．To give an example of how habits form

（ 2 ）第 2 段落の要点として最も適当なものはａ〜ｃのどれですか。
ａ．How to rest your brain without making a habit of it
ｂ．The way babies are born with habits
ｃ．Why the brain changes our routines into habits4（ 3 ）第 3 段落の目的として最も適当なものはａ〜ｃのどれですか。
ａ．To introduce the three parts of habitsｂ．To show how habits can be beneficial
ｃ．To explain the problems that come from habits（ 4 ）第 4 段落の要点として最も適当なものはａ〜ｃのどれですか。
ａ．The most recognizable part of a habit called the behavior
ｂ．The difference between good and bad habitsｃ．The habit of watching TV after school（ 5 ）第 5 段落の目的として最も適当なものはａ〜ｃのどれですか。
ａ．To describe the way that cues tell our minds to do a behavior
ｂ．To explain why cues help us to relax moreｃ．To give examples of how we can change cues for habits（ 6 ）第 6 段落の要点として最も適当なものはａ〜ｃのどれですか。
ａ．The feeling we have when we eat high-calory snacks
ｂ．The part of the habit that makes us do a behavior againｃ．The rest we get as a reward for working hard at school（ 7 ）第 7 段落の目的として最も適当なものはａ〜ｃのどれですか。
ａ．How to choose good cues to remember to do good behaviors
ｂ．How to find the best reward to motivate us to live betterｃ．How to use all the parts of habits to make our lives better（問 2 ）この文章のタイトルとして最もふさわしいものを、（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）の中から選んで記号で答えなさい。

（Ａ）Habits to Reward Ourselves（Ｂ）Understanding our Bad Habits（Ｃ）Using Knowledge of Habits for Good Lives5

（問 3 ）文中の（①）～（②）に入れるのに最もふさわしいものを、それぞれ下の（Ａ）〜（Ｄ）の中から選んで記号で答えなさい。

①（Ａ）at（Ｂ）in（Ｃ）of（Ｄ）on②（Ａ）get（Ｂ）getting（Ｃ）got（Ｄ）gets（問 4 ）文中の下線部（i）～（x）の単語の意味に最も近いものを、それぞれ下のａ〜ｊから選んで記号で答えなさい。

ａ．the act of repeating, or doing, saying, or writing something again
ｂ．by a gradual process; little by little; by degreesｃ．easy to see or recognizeｄ．a final product or an end result
ｅ．functioning in the best possible way with the least waste of time and effort
ｆ．helpful or advantageousｇ．the historical development of a species
ｈ．to make more useful, desirable, valuable
ｉ．a pleasant feeling that you get when you receive something you wanted, or when you
have done something you wanted to doｊ．without conscious thought or attention

Ⅱ 次に示すのは、成田国際空港に到着したばかりの 2 人の留学生の会話である。この会話を読んで、下の（問 1 ）〜（問 5 ）に対する答えの下線部に適切な語句（ 1 単語とは限らない）または時刻を入れなさい。

Sam: Hi, do you know the local time?
Pat: Yes, it’s about 4:10 pm.
Sam: Thanks. My watch is still set for the time in Dallas.
Pat: My phone automatically switched from New York to Tokyo when we landed. By the way, Isaw you studying Japanese on the airplane. Are you here to study abroad?
Sam: Yes. I will be in Chiba City for 6 months. How about you?
Pat: Me too. I hope one year will be long enough for me to get better at speaking Japanese. I’mnervous. I’
ll be living in Tsukuba in Ibaraki Prefecture.
6

Sam: How are you getting there?
Pat: I have to take three different trains. I will get on Keisei Narita Sky Access first and go toHigashi-Matsudo Station. It says it’s five stops from here. At Higashi-Matsudo Station, Ihave to find the Musashino Line in eight minutes. I’
m going to try to take the 5:37 train toMinami-Nagareyama Station. From there, I’ll get on the Tsukuba Express. If I can catchmy first train at 4:47, I should be able to make it to Tsukuba by 6:18. How about you?
Sam: I just have to get on the Narita Express. There is one leaving at 4:48. It takes about thirtyminutes to get to Chiba Station. From there, I will get on the Chiba Urban Monorail fortwo minutes to Shiyakusho-Mae Station. A person from the school is going to meet methere. Is someone meeting you?
Pat: Of course. I’
d be lost if there wasn’t. Well, good luck!
Sam: You too.

（問 1 ）Q. Where is Sam most likely from?
A. He is most likely from.

（問 2 ）Q. Where is Pat most likely from?
A. He is most likely from.

（問 3 ）Q. What is the purpose of their visit to Japan?
A. They plan to.

（問 4 ）Q. What time will Pat’s train to Minami-Nagareyama Station leave Higashi-Matsudo
Station?
A. It will leave at.

（問 5 ）Q. How many times does Pat have to change trains after getting on Keisei Narita SkyAccess?
A. He has to change trains.

7Ⅲ 次の英文を読んで、図表も参考にしながら、（問 1 ）〜（問 4 ）に答えなさい。
<1> According（①）the Global Gender Gap report, Japan has one（levels of gender equality in（Ａ②）the lowest）in the world, contributing to its overall ranking of 125th

out of 146 countries.
out of 146 countries.

<2>GlobalGenderGenderGapGapReportissued）theWorld
Economic
Forum<2>TheThe Global
Reportissued( （③ ③ ) theWorld
EconomicForum( （④ ④)）June

June2023,
21, 2023,
found
Japan
ranked125thout
outofof 146
146 countries
genderequality,
21,
foundthatthatJapanranked125thcountries ininterms
termsof ofgenderequality, as
as compared
to its116th
rankingtheyear.
compared
to its116th
rankingthe（ ( ＢB ）)year.

<3>
WEF
reportanalyzes
variousstatistical
datastatuson thestatus usingof women<3> TheThe WEF
reportanalyzes
variousstatistical
data on theof womenfour using four
categories
ofeconomy,economy,education,education,health,politics.
The gender
gapisindex
categories ofhealth,andand
politics.
The gender
gap index
basedisonbasedone on one

being thethe（( ＣC )）possible
indicating
thatthatgender
has beenachieved,
while whilezero zero※parity
being
possiblescore,score,indicating
gender
has beenachieved,※paritymeans complete gender ※※disparity.
means complete gender ※※disparity.

<4> Among Group of 7 countries, Germany was ranked the highest in terms of gender equality,<4>
Amongcountries,
Germany
was ranked
the highest
terms(15)of gender
placingsixthGroupoverallofin7theworld ranking,as compared
to tenth
in 2022.inBritain
was theequality,

placingsixth G7
overallin followed
the worldbyranking,as compared
to tenthin 2022.
Britain
was thenext-highest
country,
Canada (30),France (40),the UnitedStates(43), （15）and Italy(79). Only Japanto evenplacebywithinthe（30）,
top 100Francecountries.
next-highest
G7 failedcountry,
followed
Canada（40）, the United States（43）, andItaly（79）. Only Japan failed to even place within the top 100 countries.
<5> Japan’s low proportion of women in parliamentary or ministerial positions places it near

the bottom of the politics category at 138th. Japan also ranks low in the ( D ) category, at<5> Japan’s low proportion of women in parliamentary or ministerial positions places it near
123rd, reflecting such aspects as the low labor participation of women and the wage gap
theof theat 138th.
Japanfellalsoranks（ Ｄpursued）category,( bottom⑤ ) men
andpolitics
women. category
Japan’s education
ranking
to 47th
as low( Ein the) womenhigher education.

8at 123rd, reflecting such aspects as the low labor participation of women and the wage gap（⑤）men and women. Japan’s education ranking fell to 47th as（higher education.

注：＜第 3 段落＞
注：＜第 3 段落＞※parity: 対等※parity: 対等
格差※※disparity:※※disparity: 格差

97Ｅ）women pursued（問 1 ）文中の空欄（①）～（⑤）に入れるのに最もふさわしいものを、以下の語群から選んで記号で答えなさい。ただし、 1 つ不要な語が含まれている。また、同じ語は一度しか使えない。
（Ａ）between（問 2 ）文中の空欄（A（Ｂ）by）～（（Ｃ）ofE（Ｄ）on（Ｅ）to（Ｆ）with）に入れるのに最もふさわしいものを、それぞれ下の 1 ）～ 4 ）の中から選んで番号で答えなさい。
（Ａ）1 ）economy

2 ）education

3 ）health4 ）politics（Ｂ）1 ）following

2 ）next3 ）previous4 ）same（Ｃ）1 ）higher2 ）highest

3 ）lower4 ）lowest（Ｄ）1 ）economic

2 ）educational

3 ）healthy4 ）political（Ｅ）1 ）fewer

2 ）less3 ）many4 ）more（問 3 ）本文や図表に基づき、以下の英文について、正しい場合には解答欄のＴを○で囲み、間違っている場合は解答欄のＦを○で囲みなさい。
（Ａ）The 2023 Gender Equality Ranking shows that Japan ranks 125th out of 146countries.
（Ｂ）Norway had the second highest level of gender equality in the 2022 ranking.
（Ｃ）Among Group of 7 countries, Britain has the second highest level of genderequality.
（Ｄ）The United States has a higher level of gender equality than France.
（Ｅ）Both South Korea and China have lower levels of gender equality than Japan.
（問 4 ）本文や図表に基づき、以下の英文の（）内に入れるのにふさわしい国名を英語で書きなさい。
（ 1 ）The 2023 Gender Equality Ranking shows that（）has the highest level ofgender equality among 146 countries.
（ 2 ）Among the Group of 7 countries, () has the highest level of gender equality.

（ 3 ）Among the Group of 7 countries, () ranks third in terms of gender equality.

（ 4 ）Among the Group of 7 countries, () has the lowest level of gender equality.

（ 5 ）Among 146 countries, () has the lowest level of gender equality.

10

2024年度

茨城キリスト教大学一般選抜入学試験 ２ 期

英語解答用紙Ⅰ（問 1 ）（問 4 ）

（1）

ｃ（2）

ｃ（6）

ｂ（7）

ｃ（3）

ａ（4）

ａ（5）

ａ

It will leave at ５:37.
（問 5 ）He has to change trains twice / two times.

（問 2 ）（Ｃ）

Ⅲ（問 1 ）（問 3 ）
①（Ｄ）

②

①（Ｂ）

（Ｅ）

②（Ｃ）

③（Ｂ）

④（Ｄ）

⑤（Ａ）

４（Ｂ）

３（Ｃ）

２（Ｄ）

１（Ｅ）

１（問 2 ）
（問 4 ）
iａiiｂiii

ｇiv

ｅvvi

ｈvii

ｄviii

ｊix

ｉx

ｆｃ

（Ａ）

（問 3 ）（Ａ） ＴⅡ（問 1 ）
He is most likely from Dallas.
（問 2 ）/ Ｆ （Ｂ） Ｔ / Ｆ （Ｃ） Ｔ / Ｆ （Ｄ） Ｔ / Ｆ （Ｅ） Ｔ / Ｆ（問 4 ）（1）

Iceland（2）

Germany

（4）

Japan

（5）

Afghanistan（3）

He is most likely from New York.
（問 3 ）
They plan to study (Japanese) / study in Japan (etc.).

受験番号総計Canada