（令和）年度

日［＊］

外国

語

（Reading & Writing）

注

意．監督者の指示があるまで問題を見ないこと。
．声を出して問題を読まないこと。
．問題はページ、からまである。

．問題や解答用紙に落丁、乱丁、汚損あるいは印刷不鮮明の箇所があれば、手をあげて監督者に申し出ること。
．解答は必ず黒色鉛筆を使用し、解答用紙に記入すること。
．

、およびること。ののとの解答は、解答用紙の解答欄の記号にマークすの解答は解答用紙の所定の欄に記述すること。

．訂正箇所は、消しゴムできれいに消すこと。
．解答欄には、関係のない符号や文字あるいはメモなどを記入しないこと。
．解答用紙を折ったり汚したりしないこと。
．問題用紙は持ち帰ること。

次の文章に関して空所補充問題と読解問題がある。まず本文の⑴から⑹までの空所を埋めるために、前後関係から考えて最も適切だと思うものをＡからＣの選択肢よりつ選び、解答欄の記号にマークしなさい。次に、内容に関する⑺から⑼の設問について、文章の内容から判断して最も適切だと思うものをＡからＤの選択肢よりImagineつ選び、解答欄の記号にマークしなさい。［ifscientists

couldbringback点］

extinct

animalsthat

disappeared from the earth hundreds or even thousands of years ago. It
may sound like an idea out of a science-fiction movie, but（ ⑴ ）［Ａ．infact Ｂ．after all Ｃ．if so］, the technology needed is now being
developed. The idea is to use DNA samples from the remains of extinct
animals to create the cells needed to reproduce

or “clone”

livinganimals. If this technology is perfected, we may one day be able to see
with our own eyes extinct creatures that we had only read about inbooks, like the mammoth, or the dodo bird.
However, some scientists are already wondering whether this effort
to reverse extinction is actually a good idea or not. Critics of the“de-extinction” effort point out many problems with the idea. For
example,（ ⑵ ）［Ａ．unless Ｂ．as long as Ｃ．even if］an animal thatdisappeared could be recreated, it still would be necessary to recreate
the plants that the animal depended on for survival. Another problem isthe issue of where the animals would live. We would have to find places
where the animals would not be threatened by hunters or threaten otheranimals. In other words, it would be necessary to recreate not just theanimal but its habitat as well.
Along with listing such problems, people opposed to de-extinction
also

pointtopossible（ ⑶ ）［ Ａ．stable

Ｂ．negative

Ｃ．senseless］

effects of de-extinction. They say that putting too much energy into＊reversing extinction could weaken the efforts to protect the animals thatare now in danger of extinction. Moreover, if people believe thatextinction can be reversed, it may no longer seem like a major problem
to many. That is, even if an animal is near extinction, people might
think that as long as its DNA can be preserved for the future there isnothing to worry about. As a result, people would not try as hard tolivein （ ⑷ ）［ Ａ ． harmony

Ｂ ． opposition

Ｃ ． aggression ］ withanimals.
Those in favor of de-extinction, however, offer many reasons tosupport the development of this new technology. First of all, they saythat bringing back animals that have become extinct will increase
biodiversity and possibly restore ecosystems. It may also be a way forhumanbeings

to（ ⑸ ）
［ Ａ．reactＢ．repair

Ｃ．revive］theharm

that they caused to animals in the past.
Another reason emphasized by supporters is that the de-extinction
effort will lead to progress in the field of genetics. This knowledge canthen be used to assist animals or plants that are now in danger ofextinction from disease or other problems. Finally, some say that thepossibility of de-extinction is a source of hope that helps to motivatepeople.
Despitethe（ ⑹ ）［ Ａ．criticism

Ｂ．analysis

Ｃ．expectation］of

de-extinction, it seems likely that scientific research on the subject willcontinueand so will the debate between the two sides.

＊⑺What is the main topic of this passage?
Ａ．The technology used to reverse extinction
Ｂ．The discussion of how to prevent extinction
Ｃ．The debate over the best de-extinction methods
Ｄ．The issue of whether to bring back extinct animals⑻

Accordingtothepassage,

whatisonepossible

problemofde-extinction?
Ａ．It will threaten the ability of hunters to make a living.
Ｂ．It could negatively affect the way people approach extinction.
Ｃ．Scientists may not be able to preserve the DNA of the animals.
Ｄ．Scientists are unwilling to recreate the plants necessary foranimals.

⑼

Accordingtothepassage,

whatisone

reasonde-extinction?
Ａ．It will solve the problem of cloning animals.
Ｂ．It can collect DNA samples of extinct animals.
Ｃ．It can help people better understand human resources.
Ｄ．It may result in other developments in science.

＊tosupport次のページに進みなさい＊次のからで始まる英文は、並べられた順でつの段落それぞれの書き出しの文となっている。それぞれの下線部に、ＡからＦまでの文章のどれを続けたらつの段落全体を合わせて筋の通った自然な文章になるか。最も適切なものをＡからＦよりつ選び解答欄の記号にマークしなさい。ただし、ＡからＦのうちには選ばれないものもある。（＊印の語（句）は注を参照のこと）［ 点］．Philosophy is a fascinating field of study, and even people who havestudied philosophy for years find it difficult to answer the question,“What is philosophy?”．The first record of philosophers comes from ancient Greece, about
2,600 years ago.

．As the name suggests, pre-Socratic philosophers were the ones whocame before Socrates.

．Socrates did not leave any written documents.

．However, while developing those theories, they succeeded in creating
the methods of thinking and logic, most of which are still used in ourtime.

＊Ａ．The ancient Greek philosophers were, for the most part, what wewould now call scientists. Their main goal was to make sense of theworld.

Thatiswhymostofthemwerealso

interestedin

mathematics, physics, and astronomy, not just ethical or logicalissues. In fact, the ancient philosophers were the ones who laid thefoundations of algebra, geometry, and physics. The situation wherephilosophers were scientists and thus, scientists were known as
philosophers continued for a surprisingly long time. In fact, the word“scientist” was first adopted in the early 19th century. Even Isaac
Newton, the father of modern physics, referred to himself as aphilosopher. When we study philosophers, it is useful to start withthe first recorded philosophers

the so-called pre-Socratic philosophers.

Ｂ．Most of our knowledge related to Socrates today comes from theworks of his student, Plato. Plato, in turn, was the teacher ofAristotle, another very important Greek philosopher. Socrates, Platoand Aristotle are the three most famous ancient Greek philosophers.
As with the pre-Socratic philosophers, their goal was to explain thenature of the world and the universe, and to build scientificknowledge. However, from the standpoint of modern science, theirtheories are not correct explanations of the natural world.

＊Ｃ ． Descartes,

Spinoza,andLeibnizarethemostprominent

representatives of the rationalism of the 18th century. Like Aristotle,
they also tried to provide explanations of how the universe works.
While Aristotle did so by creating a picture of the macro, what wenow

call

astronomy,

therationalists’thinking

revolvedaround“dualism.” Dualism is a point of view which treats mind and matteras separate things, and explores the relationship between the mental
and the physical.

Ｄ．You can compare numerous definitions, widely different from eachother, and still each one might be correct in its own right. Somedefinitions talk about the elements of philosophy, some will tell you
about its usefulness to humanity, and others will provide a very
abstract explanation. The simplest way, perhaps, is to look foranswers in the word itself. “Philosophy” is a Greek word whichmeans “love of wisdom.” Another interesting way to understandphilosophy is to look at those who practice it, the philosophers.

Ｅ．The“Socraticmethod”

isthemostwidelyusedmethodofdiscussion in science, as it helps to perfect an idea, or to prove that
an idea is not scientifically valid. The method, created by Aristotle,
is the basis of logic and mathematics. Many scientists have tried toprove it wrong, but none have succeeded. Philosophy has always
existed since its birth in ancient Greece, but not all historicalperiods have given us equal amounts of progress in the field. Afterthe birth of ancient philosophy in Greece, a period called “theEnlightenment” is next in importance for philosophy.

＊

Ｆ．We have all heard of the Pythagorean theorem*. It was invented
by a philosopher called Pythagoras. He and many other pre-Socratic
philosophers attempted to explain the world and the universe, andin the process, invented many important concepts that are still usedin all fields of science. After the pre-Socratic philosophers comes
Socrates.

［注］Pythagorean theorem: ピタゴラスの定理＊

設問に答えなさい。［点］．下線部に続く文章全体の導入としてふさわしい英文を書きなさい。ただしその文はコロン（ : ）、セミコロン（ ; ）を含まず、ピリオド（. ）で終わるつの文とすること。

It is largely due to paintings created by theFrench artist Paul Gauguin. He is well-known for his colorful paintingsof people in Tahiti and its beautiful natural surroundings. He depicted
what many would consider to be a paradise.
Gauguin came to Tahiti in search of an uncomplicated life amid thebeauty of the island and the simplicity of its culture. However, theactual life Gauguin led there was not nearly as peaceful as he hadimagined. By the time he arrived in 1891, Tahitian traditions werealready disappearing. Europeans had come to Tahiti in the mid-18thcentury and by the early 19th century, western missionaries hadintroduced

Christianity.

In

theprocessofpromoting

Christianity,

Catholic Church missionaries prohibited traditional Tahitian carving,tattooing, ceremonies and dancing. Native Tahitian art was taken out ofTahiti by westerners and sold in Europe and the US.
As a consequence, Gauguin captured the Tahitian culture side byside with the influence of Christianity in his paintings. Gauguin often
paintedwomen

appropriatefor

whoworetropicalpareo

skirts,free-flowing

weather,

togetherwithcottonwomen

clothesdressedin

missionary-style western dresses covering their bodies. Although Tahiti
did not prove to be a paradise for Gauguin, there is no doubt that hemade an important contribution to the arts and the image of Tahiti.

＊

．次のＡからＣの選択肢のうち、文章の内容から判断して最も適切だと思うものを⑴

つ選び、解答欄にあるその記号をマークしなさい。

Which of the following statements is true about Tahiti?
Ａ．Christian missionaries banned certain Tahitian customs.
Ｂ．Native Tahitian art was prohibited from being taken out of thecountry.
Ｃ．Tahitian culture was still flourishing when Gauguin arrived inTahiti.

⑵

Which of the following statements is true about Gauguin?
Ａ．HisdreamtoliveinTahiti

wasopposedby

Christianmissionaries.
Ｂ．He painted Tahitian people and their lifestyle to reflect Tahiti
at that time.
Ｃ．He knew before he moved there that life in Tahiti would not beeasy.

＊以下のトピックについて、語以上語以内の英文で答えなさい。
［ 点］

Childhood poverty is a problem around the world. What can be doneto help children in Japan living in poverty have better lives and equal
opportunities in education?

＊外国語（Reading & Writing）解答用紙（1） A B C

1A

B C D EF

（2） A B C

2A

B C D EF

3A

B C D EF

（4） A B C

4A

B C D EF

（5） A B C

5A

B C D E

F2（3） A B C

1（6） A B C

30点

（7） A B C D（8） A B C D（9） A B C D

24点Many people think of Tahiti as a beautiful paradise.
3

1

Many people have an image of Tahiti as a beautiful paradise.
32（1）A B C（2）A B C

16点

In Japan there is a problem with childhood poverty. To help
these children have equal opportunities in education, several
things can be done.
Education through junior high school is free, but parents must
pay for school supplies and school lunches. For some families these4fees are very expensive. So financial support and free school
lunches would help these children. Also, high school education is
not free in Japan, and some children might not have money to go
to high school. So, high school should be free for these students.
If free education is provided along with free lunches, children
can hopefully experience a good education and healthy nutrition.
Then they may have better lives in their future.
30点