lSSN O912−7410
No．2 DECEMBERl・986、′〟Vrβ尺几4γJO凡4んムA〟gg〃r〃iO〃〝月〃rCO朋≠〝γTgβ
一戸or80fねrLako〟aJ†a9em馴II￣
This Now810¶eris8180aVaitabloinJapan8S0．

lLE：C／UNCRD■／UNEP JOINT WORKSHOP ON
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
tasksoftheworkshopw lthereforeincIude＝（a）identification
Of manpower requFrementS tO Strengthen the capacity ofdeveloplngCOuntriestopromoteenvironmentalplannlngand
PlannIng and Management＝Focus on Train■ng
management and（b）formuFation of guidelines for relevant
Aspects Derived from Studies oflnland Water
trainLng COUrSeS and trainlng materials to be used therein・
M即1agement
As a means to better facilitate such identification andformuJation，the workshop deliberations were concentrated
This international workshop. was successfully held from
10to21November1986in Otsu and Nagoya，Japan． Onissues related tQ the management ofinland water

Expert Group Workshop on Environmental

under th号」Oint sponsorship oflLEC，the United Nations「eSOU「CeS．

CentreforRegionalDevelopment（UNCRD），andtheUnited

Nations Environment Pr？gramne（UNEP）・lt was attended

The workshop was organizedin two major parts：

bymorethanthirtysenior−levelscientistsandexpertsinthe
Partlwas held at Lake Biwa Researchlnstitute，Otsu，
ShigaPrefecture，from rO to15November・The firststep
Agency，NationalLand Agency，Ministry ofFore噛n Affairs，
OfthispartwasthepresentationanddiscussionOfresource
PaPerSOnSPeCilicissuesrelatedtoenvironmentalplannIng
Shiga Pre†ecturalGovernment，and the Councilof
Local GovernrnentsJfortheImprovementofLakeEnvironment
and managenlentWithaviewto arriv■ng．ataCOmmOnframe（Kosh6TKy石）ofJapan，SuPPOrtedtheworkshop．
Of「eference（mac「0−Pe「SPeCtive）ね「d】scussionin
SUbsequent sessions・Then7 the case studies on
The workshop was designed to serve as a preparatoryenvironnentalplannFngandmanagementwasconsidered・On
StePtOtheFaunchingofatrain■ngPrO」eCtinthenearfuture 13th，Studiesweredevotedtocurrentpr争Ctic甲inplann［ngtoassistandfac＝tatethetransferofknowEedge，teChnologyand managementinJapan at nationaland reg10naIlevels，and experiences to the developFng COuntries・The ma」OrWith emphasis onIakes and their environments・On14th，
aone−dayfieldvisittothebasinareaOfLake
fieIdofenvironmentaJplannlngandmanagementfromsixteen

COuntries，incIuding ninelLEC members．Environment

Biwa，incIuding two sewage treatment■γて¶ワ㍗

faciJities of different scaJes and a fFood

COntrOIweTr．wasorganizedtoappr色Ciatethe
PraCtices of environmentaImanage：TTlent Of
the、area．

As a s叩POrting p「ogral¶me Of theworkshop，anOPenforurnforciti土ensvJaSheld
undcr the title of EnvircnrnentaLJySound
ManagementofJakes byShigaPrefecturaE
Governrnent after the end o†the．Plenary
sess；on of Partlin the alt畠rnoon o†15th．

Seven particIPantS attended the forum as
Pane＝sts for round−uP discussion，and Prof・
LiugaveaspeciarlectureentitledAStudyon the Present Situation of Eutrophication
D「．州dehiko Sazanami．D行ector of UNCRD，deルers addre55
du「ing openlng Of Ot5U SeCtion∂t Lake Biwa Re5earCh
Jnst托ute．

of Lakes andits Prevention and ControIin
Chlna

．

Partllwas subsequently convened at UNCRDin
Nagoyafrom17to2l，W冊1its focus on the various
designaspectsofthetrain■ngmOdulesforenvironmental
PlannIng and managementL The first step of this partwas presentation of resource papers on training needs
with a view toidentification of a common fT・ame Of

reference for the formulation of trainFng COurSeS andnaterial5．lnthesecondstep，ParticIPantSWeredivided
into three groups to discuss and work out detailed
guidelinesforthepreparationoftrainlngrT）aterials．Prof．
G．N．GoIubev，Assistant Executive Director of UNEP，
gave a special lecture on the Environmental
ManagementoflnrandWaters（EMINWA）PrograrTlme Of
UNEP・The workshop was brought to a crose with thefinalplenary session at which the outputs frorTleaCh
Of the working groups wereintegrated■
PARTICIPANTS AND PAPERS〝0「kshop participants［ARGENTINA］ConradoE・Bauer（lLEC member）＝［BRAZIL］Jるse G．Tundisi（1LE：C member）， Local
Cammunity lnvolvement in Enviranmental Planning andManagement Plan of Shiga Prefecture ； OsarTIU
Maeda， Lake KasumlgaUra Chronology ； Kohki
Management（E：PM）：Focus on River Basin Management−
The Lobo−BroaReservoirCaseStudy ：［CANADA］Richard Nakajima， Lake Water Quality AdministrationinJapan ；A・VoFrenweider（lLECmember）：［CHINA］Liu Hongliang MasahisaNakamura，−LpoFicyAnalysisPerspectivesinEPM ；TakaakiNiren， The EvoIutionofEnvironmentalPolicie5for（lLEC rTlember）， A Study of the Present S；tuationof
Eutrophication of Lakes andits Prevention and Controlin
Jake Biwa ；Yukio OnishiandYukiko Kada，■lEnvironmental
China ＝［DENMARK］Sven E・J4rgensen （lLEC
lnformation Data Base System and Shiga Prefecture
member），
1nformation Systems and Modelling for EPM：
Environment Atlas ；Jun」iTakayanagi，
The Lake Biwa
Focu5 0n Lake Environment ManageITIent ：［WE：ST
Comprehensive Development Project and Environmental
GERMANYコJurgen Overbeck（lLEC member）， Scientific
Con5erVation． ；TakeshiGoda（lLEC rnember）；Michio
Approach to Lake Environment Management ：［lNDIA］P．
Hashimoto（lLEC member）， Manpower Development for
K・Biswas＝［lNDONESIA］HermanHaerurTlan，．．Deveropment
EPMin DeveFopingCountrles；Tatuo Kira（lLEC member）；
O†E：PM at V‖age Level：A Case Study of Desa SidroeJO，Antonio L，Fernandez：［KENYA］ Beatrice Munyando：
BiFtar，EastJava，lndonesia ；DodiPoetranto：［JAPAN］［MALAYSIA］AugustineKohOonShin，
EPMinMalaysia：
TakaoAbe， RegionalEnvironment ManagementinJapan ； A Case Study of E：PMin the K［an Valley Region ；Zubir
Toshiaki Kagatume， The Regioanl Environrnent Yahya， EnvironmentalPlannlngandRegionalDeveFopment
in Malaysia ：［NEPAL］Pradip Man Baisyet， Watershed
Managementin Nepar ＝ ［PHILしIPINES］ MarLito L・
Cardenas， AssessITIent Of EPMin Laguna Lake Region ；Colin P・Rees，l The Asian Development Bank s Approach
to EPM ；Leandro A．Viloria， Need for and Prospects ofTrain■ngin EPM for LocaF and Regiona［Development ＝［TANZANIA］G．L．Kamukala：［THAILAND］Surin
Setamanit． EPMin Thailand with ParticuIar Reference to
theSongkh［aLakeBasin ；JakkrisSivadechathep；Guenter
Tharun， Approachesand Methods of Training jn EPM ：［ZAMBIA］ C，R．W，Kayomba：［UNE P］ GenadyNi
GoIubev・ Environnenta［ly Soリnd Managernent oflnland
Waters ；Masahiro Ohta， Assessment ofTraining Needsin
EPM ：［UNCRD］Hidehiko Sazanami（Director）；Chakrit
N，F・adungkarn（Deputy Director）；KenjiOya（ProgrammeSpecialist）；James F，Goater（Documentation Assistant）．
ArTlOngthe pr■nC■PaIconcIusionsand recomTTlendationsof
the workshop were the fo owlng：

Dr．M，Nakamura at hF5PreSentation．

I. While many countries have established legal andinstitutionalmechanismstoaddressenvironmentalproblems，
SUitabIy trained personnelwho can anaFyse，Plan，andimplement programmes and proJeCtS for environmental
managementareFacking，ParticularFyindeveloplngCOuntries・

COnStantIy be keptin mind：（l）Thestructure，Pattern，anddistributionofenvironmental
2，Theareaofwaterresourcedeveropmentandmanagement
PrOblems areinlLuenced by those compLexinterreIations
amongpopulation，reSOUrCeS，deveIopment，andenvironment・
is where thislackis mo5t felt，A major charlangeis how
tosecuretheconcertedeffortsofexperts†romawidevariety （2）Thereis a wide 5PeCtrUm Of human environmental
PrOblerrlS Which provide the definition of scQPe− gQaL，
Of discFPl■neS tO enSUre thelong−term benefits ofobjective，and target for environmentalpJannlng andwaterLrelated ecosystems．Aswaterisa mo5tindispensable
managementin the grven thlle．PJace and occasion・
resource for humanJife．itisloglCaland appropriate that
（3）The priorityofthe policydirection depends on needs，
any．na」Or effort to strengthen the capacity for proIT［Otion
UrgenCy，demand with public awarenessin the scope of
Of EPM should begin with this resource．
development．
3・ln the context of the reg■OnaJdevelopment plannFng
7■AstraimngcanbeIookeduponaspIanndlearnlngPrOCeSS，
PrOCeSS，EPM may be viewed as a prograrnrTle Ofactivities
designed to，firstJy，aSSeSS enVironmentalconsequences of
SPeCificarly toimprove peopFe sJob performance，EPM
trainlngCannOtbedivorcedfromtheactuarcontextsinwhichdevelopment alternatives with adequate representation ofPlannersandadministratorswork．Thus，When EPMtrain−ng
CO5tS and bene†its；SeCOndly，reSOIve con紺cts and allocate
the use of environmentaland naturalresources between
PrOgrammeS are being formulated andimplerTlented，the
50Cial．economic，POIitical，and administrative conditions
SeCtOrSandoverspaceaTldtime；andthirdly，di（eCt，COntrOr，
and managedevelopment activitiesin ways appropriate todete†mining occupationalcontextsin develop■ng COUntrles
must be f山Iy conside「ed．
the environment．
4．Whileitisfrequentlyseriousinadequacyln the analysLS
8・EPMtrainlngPrOgrammeSShoutdbedesignedtoachieveof the physicaIsystemitself whichIead5tOinsufficient
multipl．er effectsin ways that with theinformation，Understandingofthealte｛nativeapproachesinEPM，itmust knowledge，and skills acqlJired，training particIPantS
bestre5SedthathumanresourcesdevelopmentinEPMwith
themseJves becorr）e agentS Of change as weJlas trainers・
SPeCificreferencetodeveloprngcountriesneedstog■Vedue
9．The pr■nCIPaltarget groups of train■ng PrOgrammeSin
consideration to the assessment of socioeconomic．
SOCioculturar and，legal−institutionaIsystems・
EPMshouId be tho5egrOuPSWhichserve asthe es5ential
muItipF■erS Within their countries andinstit＝tions7SUCh as
5．Manpower developmentis the most hTIPOrtant eSSential
environmental manager5，deveropment planners，andissue to establish the institutionaJ mechanisms withadmini5tratOrS．Who，in manycases，are tOSerVeaStrahlerS
administratlve，teChnical，and sclentifTC COmPetenCe for
inimparting the necessary ski s，knowledge，and attitude
EPM．1dearly，ananPOWerdevelopmentprograrnmefor EPM totheirstaffinprorTlOtingenvironmenta ysounddevelopment
is anintegralpart of the nationalhuman res ⊃UrCe
at the Eocaland regionaIlevers．These people range froIT）
development ptaTl・NowadaYS，however，†ew countrles havetechnlcal sta什， through mid−Ca「eer Planne「s andadmini5tratOrS，tO POF■Cymakers and politicians・a plan for hurTlan reSOurCe developrTlent tO COmPlementthe
nationaJeconomic plan．Thisis a problem＼Vhich can be
succes与fully rrLet OnLY With thelutL assistance of technicat
to・ThedevelopmentoitTainingcontentin■theinteresto干
COOPeration agencies−international．regIOnar，and biIateral・
improvingmanagementskiFrsandbuildingonavaiIablehumanresourcesandinsthtionalcapab‖ltyShouldaddress，amOng
6．lnin5titutingnationalrnanpowerdeveIopmentprogramme
Others，the f01lQWtng tSSueS：†orEPMforanyparticuJarcountry，thefo owlngPOintsrTluSt（りEnhancerTlentOfthe abilitytointegrate EPM
in the develapment planning cycle;（2）Need for mcorporating scientific bases for
EPM；（3）EPMimplernentation；and（4）Touchingonhumanquarityaspectsandotherintangible conside「ations・ll．The quality of trainJng depends on therelevance of trahl■ngInPutS and outputsL The
followlr唱may be considered as relevant criteria＝Round一叩di5CUSSFon8t UNCRD o用ce Fn Nagoya（l）Rerevant knowFedge and skiIIs for
PrOblem−SOIvlng；（2）Adjustmenttolて〉Caりregionalconditions；（3）Articulation of constraints；and（4）Predisposition to projectITIanagement・3

approach．

誹戸イ．云丁・中■・−l．．．．里畔−■†r二：「て：：∴三∴＿．

1− ■■■、 ■紅潅宗ニー豪商；写軍・野瞥∵・・・

13．Two themes emerged as a suitable strategy forinternationaltechnicalcooperationagenciesin prograrnnes
to strengthen nationalcapabiEitiesin EPM・These are
Jabe ed as packaged approach and muEtlPller effect→′ ナヾ一tJヽ∴ヽ ネ ■ノ1．■．．■．J∴上⊥﹈12．lnviewoftheabove，andconsideringthatactivelearnlng
is desirabIe，■IearnIng by doingHis a relevant approach to
EPM train■ngL This approachis considered particularly
suitable for train［ng the middle−tOSenior−levelplanners andadministrators，Who aredeemed capableofdoingfollow−UPS
andbecomIngtrainersthemseEves・Tothisend，theprojectcase work（PCW）rnethodis advocated・

こ∴研げ卿 二 閻㌣謡イ＼：

Conferece pIace，Grand HoteL at MackinacJsLand・（l）The packaged approach suggeststhreethings：that」akes．LntheafteTnOOnOftheday，teChnicalpostersession
the programrne encompassthetrilogyofresearch，trainIng，
was held and more than40posters were developed byandadvisoryservices；thatthecomponent5Oftheprogramme
beundertakenona別phasedapproach ；thattheprograrTlme P「eSentOrS・
be jointLy funded and carried out on a coIlaborative basis
Technicalse5Sions were held19 and 2b．and thefor atleast five years to ensure rasting rmpact・
con†erence themeswere expEored duringthe fo［lowingfour（2）Toachieve multipIiereffect existingstructuresshould
concurrentSeSSions．
be used血hereever possible−Vitalto ut＝ze the experienc
一Chronic Effects of Toxic Contaminants
and existinginstitutionsin the country−tO enCOurage−Con5ideration of Toxic Substances in Fisheriescontinuity and huild up skills far the longer term. As part
Managementofinstitution−building，for example，Universities or research−Prevention of Toxic Contamination of Jarge Jakes＝institute5rTIay be g一Ven aSSi5tanCein core teaching and
PrOVidedfacilitiessuchascomputerhardwareandsoltwarel
Manag■ng Large Lake Ecosystem for Sustainable
Development（3）The multiplier effect may also be achieved through−Sources，Fate and Control50f Toxic Contarniants
individualchange agents，e．g．，Via training for trainersr
courses，eCho serTIinars，etC，
On2l，inthecloslngSeSSion，Prof・T・Kira−Chairperson
oflLEC，along with Tom McM‖anlEnvironment Canada
Minister，andJameBaTneS，US EPA Deputy Administrator
WORLD CONFERENCE ON
addressed，and the conven［ng Of the third worldlake
conferenceinHungaryinSeptember1988wasannounced・
LARGE LAKES
Ataplenary5eSSionheIdbeforetheclos■ngaddress・findings
WorId Conference onJargeLakes−Mackinac 86，tOOk
and conclusions were presented frorTL eaCh of the fourPlacein MackinacIsland，State of Michigan on May18， sessions，based upon nearly100 pre5entations・Those
19．20and21（1986），atGrandHoteL，bringingtogethe「 recommendationswerecondencedintothefollowlngeXCerPt
more than 400 scientists．pollCy rTlakers，business andby the Conference staffL
citizen leaders from nearly 40 countries．Toxic
contamination，Slgnificantissue5COnfronting the quality of
CONFERENCE SUMMARY
the world slargelakes，Were Chosen a5the conference
thene．TheConferencewasonlythesecondofitskind．The
The 1986 World Conference an Large Lakes has
firstconfereTICe，WorldLakeE：nvironmentConference，WaS
confirmed the crucial need for the most basic ofheldin1984inShiga，Japan．Asisterstate toShiga，thecomrnodities−fnformation． Govemments and public
GovernoroftheStateofMichiganhasacceptedaninvitation
institutionshavearesponsibilitytocommunicatetocitizens
from the Governor o†Shiga Prefecture，Japan，tO hostthis
andthemedia clear．concise，andaccuratedataconcernlng
second conference to build upon the successful results ofthe environmentaE heaFth and wellbeing ofthe ecosystenl・
thefirstcon†erence．USEPA，EnvironmentCanada，Shiga
For exarTIPle，the public deserves nore completePrelecture and other15governrT．enta［，nOn−gOVernmental
information and criteria regarding fisheries closures oradvisories・HuFT．aneXPOSUreandchronichealtheffectsmust
and business organizations5erVed as co−SPOnSOrS Of thebe documented relative tolong−term eXPOSUre tO muItiple
conference．
PerSistent toxic chenicals・
On18 evenlng，the conference commenced with aWith regard to human healthT the economics of thewelcoming address by James Blanchard，GovernoT Of
fisheries，and the overallheaLth of the ecosystem，theMichigan，Masayo5hiTekemura，Governor of Shiga，Gu
soFutionisalsosirnple−−−StOPtheinputofcontaninants・The
Jin−Chi．ViceGovernorofSichuanProvinceo†China，WilliamM‖iken，Chairmanofthe BoardfortheCentre†ortheGreat world is well aware that attention shauld continue to be4

placedonthecontroLofknowrLPOintsources・AsanexampIe， and holistic approachin dealing with the environmentaL
the report of the U・S・．CanadianlnternationalJoint problemsofwaterresourcesLThisisindeedoneoftheairn
and rationaLs which have Lead to e5tabrishment of
CorTlmission on the role of non−POint pollutionin NorthlnternationalLake Environment Committe0．
America has served as a strong basis†or the development
Dr．Vollenweider has been honored for his pIOneerlngof new strategleS tO COPe With non−POint source poIJution・
studieswhichlaidthegroundworkforeutrophicationcontr0l・
However，the focus of most studies remainslimited toWith his L9680ECD Report（Scientific Fundamentals o†canventional pollutions. The next step far the world
the Eutrophication of Lakes and FIowingPwatersIWith
communityisto†ocuson the controloftoxicsubstance†orSpecia［Reference to Nitrogen and Phosphorus as the
bothpointandnon−POintsourcesandtomonitorforemerglng

Factorsin Eutrophication，Paris OECD，Directorate・k「Scientific Affairs）andsub5eqUent PaPerSOn mOdell；ngthe
Historically，SCientifi〇lnqulry and public poIICy eutrophicationprocess，hewasarTIOngthe†irsttoapproachdevelopment have been regarded as mutually exclusive
the problem from a quantitative and whore basin point ofelementsin the managernent oflargelake systeIT．ST A
view・Afterpubli5hinghisrTlilestonereportrDr・Vollenweider
research brokerage function，designed tolink science andorganized and chaired an18−nation OE：CD Cooperative
PubIic policyISlargelyabsentinlargelake management
ProgrammeonEutrophicationtoc01Iectdatalinkingnutrient
SyStemS・
loadswitheutTOPhicationinabout200lakesandreservoirs
It is not enough that the scientific community continue
in North America．Western E：urope，Japan and Australia・
The result of this study published under OECD 1982
to recogn■Ze theinterrelationships of our environment（Eutrophication of Waters Monitoring，Assessment andthrough an
Ecosystem approach ・The regulatory
ControI，PrePared by R．A，VolrenweideT andJ・J・Kerekes）
comrTlunity．through politicaIprocesses，mu5t reSPOnd byhaslead toinprovedIoading criteTia for phosphorus，and
implementing policy guided by a perspective of ourtoaredefinitionofthecriteriafortrophiccategoriesofIakes
interrelated environment which extends beyond nationaF
POllutants・

boundariesorenvironmentalcompartnentsandmustarrange
theirinstitutions accordingly．The world conmunity must
adopt philosophy o†prevention of toxic substancecontamination ratherthan merelyreactingto environmental
crises．

to be utiIized worldwide．

Dr．Vo enweiderhas helped develop■ngnationsin Southand CentralAmerica and eIsewherein their fight agalnSt
eutrophication，a PrOblem particular■Fyfeltin warm clinate
countries，and on behaJf of theltalian Government has
coordhlatedresearchoneutrophicationoftheAdriaticSea・Note：TheTylerPrize，eStablishedin1973byJohnand

DR．VOLLENWEIDER RECE］VES A■iceTy■erfoundersoftheFarmerlslnsuranceGroup■ntheTHE：］986 TYLER PRIZE

United States，Sinceitsinception has been thelargest
environrTlentalawardpresentedinAmerica■andisrecognizedthroughouttheworIdasthe equ■Valentofthe NobelPriz8■tr▼￣▼▼I「for outstanding contributionsin fieIds thatinvoIveenvironmentaland reIated energystudie5andissues・Tyler
Laureates altogether have been honored for theiroutstandingachievementsbenefitinghumanitycoveringthe
foIJow■ng areaS：detecting carcmogensin the environment
andin food（Bruce Ames）．preserving and understanding
tropicalforests（Organization for TropicaL Studies），
P［OneerlngatmOSPhericchemistryandwamingagalnStOZOne
depletion（HaroldS．Johnston，MarioJ・Molina．F・Sherwood
Rowland），landmarkstudiesinanimalecoIogyandmaintaining
speciesdiversity（CharlesS・E：lton，G・EveIyn Hutchinsbn，Eugene Odum，E：dward O・WiLson），discovery and analysisof the chernicalnature of smog（ArieJan HagenLSmit）．
Dr．R．A．∨○‖er＝〟eider
worldwideleadershipinwildlifeprotection（R＝SSelE：・Train），
understanding and defining future strateg■eS for global
Dr．Richard A．Vollenweider，Vice−Chairperson of LLEC，
energy supply（CaroIJ」．Wilson）・Pionらering researchin
Senior Scienti5t at the Canada Centre forlnFand Waters，
oceanography and atmospheric condition5（Rodger
Burlington，andProfessoratMcMasterUniversity，HaIT．irton，
R．Revelle），de5igning andiTTIPIementing renewable sources
Ontariohasreceivedthe1986TylerPrizeattheUniversity
ofenergy（SouthernCaliforniaEdi50nCompany），eStabIishingof Southem CaIifornia，On May17，E986．He shares thenewperspectivesonthecomplexinterreEationshipsbetween
Pr．Ze With ProfessorWerner Stumm，Director ofthe Swiss
theenvironmentandhurnanorganisms（ReneDubos，Maurice
Federal lnstitute for Water Resources and Water Pollution
Strong），Pioneering water purification and water quality
Control，Dubendorf，Switzerland．
Standards（Ruth Patrick，AbelWolman）・
The1986TylerPrize hasonce more drawn attention to
the importance af water resource and water quality
conservation as one of the criticalissue50f our times．By
awarding the works of Drs・Stumm and Vo‖enweider，thePrize Committee alsoemphasizedthe need for，and thecontribution made by the two scientists to cornprehensive

Fornewnomination toand conditionforthe1988Tyler
Prize，COntaCt Dr．Jerome BL Waker，E：xecutive Director，
The Tyler Prize, Vniversity of Southern California, CA
90089−4019．

TRAINLNG COURSE AND WORKSHOP LN LIMNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT OF RESERVOIRSCentre for HydricResources and App［ied Ecology，School
Of Engineenng，at S・Carlos，UniversityofS・Paulo，BraziJ
SUPPORT＝University of S．PauFo，lnternationaILake Environment Committee．
Organization of American States，
NationalResearch Councilof Brazil．
Ministry of Education of8razir（CAPES）．
Hydroelectric companies（Eletronorte），
Period＝5March−14April，1987
Thiscourse wasdevelopedinorderto provide rTlanagerS
and planners of hydroelectric companies，Officers of water
researchboards，andpost−graduate5tudentsin englneenTlg
bioIogyand chemistryWithbasictechniquesofrnanagernent
Of reservoirs，and tointerrelate scientific studies andfundamentalinformation with management procedures．
The course w川be distributedin four main top■CS：I）LimnoIogy and functioning ofIakes and reservoirs
including biological, physical and chemical aspects.
2）CircuIation，hydrodynamics oflakes and reservoirs＝theoreticaIaspects and practicaJdeterrTlinations．
3）E：cologicaJn10de ingofreservoirsanditsappFication to
management・4）Management of reservoirs＝ regionaJimpIications and
PerSPeCtives．
The course willhave a practicalemphasis taking theadvantage of the field facilities provided by the Center ofHydricResourcesandAppliedEcology．Locatedattheshore
Of Broa Reservoir，the Center has theideaIsituation for

PraCticaltraimngin many aspects oflirTTnOlogy and fordemonstrationofmanagementtechniquesandprocedures，

1）lmpactofJargescaFeindustriaJactivities（alchoIproduction
andits managerYlent．
g）A5PeCtS Of regionaldevelopment reIated to the
COnStrUCtion of alarge network of reservoirs＝impacts on
ecoJog■CaIsystems and the problems related withenvironmentaImanageITlentin this reg10n．
The background for this course is related with theincreasing econamic and social importance of reservoir
SyStemSin this southern part of Brazil，andin Argentina，Uruguai，Paraguaiand Chile，Theinteractions of thereservoirs with the watershed are a matter of extreme
importancewhen consideringthes．gni†icanceofland uses．
ag「■Cu［turalactivityand water managementassociatedwith
the reservoir cQnStruCtion，The results of aIlthe humanactivitiesin the water5hed and the culturaleutrophication
PrOCeSSeS，Canbe measuredeffectivelyand providea basis
for management technique5．Ltisimportant also to relate
thesystemofoperationofthereservoirwiththeJTlanagernent
PrOCedures・TechniquesformultipJeuseanditsmanagement
wirlbe discussed andillustrated．
Atthe end ofthe courseaLA・（rL（くhnoon，−LirTlnOlogyand
ManagerTlent Of Reservoirs（7，8，9and10 of April）is
PrOgrammed，With the aim to summarize the main points ofmanagement and its scientific backgraund and ta discuss
regIOnalproblemspointedby theconstructionofreservoirs
inSouthandCentraIAmerica・Theplannngcomponentwill
be empha5izedin this workshop．AIso the Broa Reservoir
andwatershed casestudywiIlbepresented and di5CUSSed
With detaiI，aS One eXarnPJe of regIOnaldevelopment
associated with scientific studies，managerTlent andcammunity participation. The current status of an going
activitiesin countriesin South and CentralArnerica，theinlPlementationandfurtherdeveFopmentofpr10rityprojects
W川 be discussed．

SinceBroaReservoirisIocatedon［yIOOkrnfrorTlthelarge
reservoir systems of the Rio Tieteih S．Paulo State，field
tripstothosesystemsare programmedin orderto‖ustrate
SeVeralproblem50f management oflarge reservoirs suchaS：a）Eutrophication and s‖tation．
b）Effects of mac「ophyte growth on reservoir ec0logy．
C）Impacts of agriculturalactivity andits management（use offertiEd）lmpact of navigation（SUgar Cane tranSPOrtation）・e）lmpact of donestic sev／age andits management・Thisisthe first coursein which scientific a5PeCtS andmanagement procedureswi11bediscussedinthe contextof
re5erVOirsin 白raziland South America．The course andWOrkshop are the first activity oflLECin the South andCentrar American continents．

FourlLEC memberswirr be particIPating■n this activity：
Dr・CLBauer，Dr・R■A．Vo‖enweider，Dr．S．E．J≠rgense
Dr．J．G．Tundisi．
Coo「dination of the course／workshop−Dr．J．G．TIJndisi

LAKES OF THE WORLD
2・TAIFU（LAKE TAl）
TaiHu or Lake Tai・OneOftheliveIargestfreshwater Shang−haitheproductiveChangJiang（Yangtze）Delta，and
Iakesin china・isJocated about ＝∋Okm to the west of hasbeenc］osely．nvo．vedwithChinesehi5tOryandculture，

TaiHu covers an area of2，460krn2in betweenpthe two
PrOVincesofJiangsu畠ndZhejiangLIt弓sashalIowlakewith
an average depth ofabouttwo meters；the maximum depth
is onJy 4．8m．The totaF capacity a血Ount5to4．87bi ion
IT［3．There are soJTle46islands on the Eake with a sumrned
area of about90km2．1tis thoseisrand5with green hirls
that makesTaiHuafamousscen子c place．Everyyearmore
thanイour mirrionsrof tourists visit the two beautifultowns，Suzhou and Wuxi，On the northern shore of thelake andthe other nearby scenic spots，
The catchment area of thelakeis about14，000km2
ivide．Therearethreeinflowlngriversrunnlngdownfromthe
southwestemandnDrthwesternmol，Jntainsdistricts，Whilethelake waterflows outto the Yangtze Riverahdltstributary
the HuangputhroughadensenetwoT kolriversandcanaFs．
The annuaILnPUtand output ofwaterto and from thelake
amount tc7．66billion and7．63billion rn3respectively．
TheTaiHuBasinencompassesanextensiveareaofhighPOllution controL
econorFlicimportance，Shahghaいnits eastern part，is the
The results of intensive water quality monitoring shows
mostimportantindustriaIcity of ChinaL The pIain north ofthat thelakeislargelyin the FmeSOtrOPhic stage，While
theJakeincludesthreecities，Suzhou．WuxiandChanZhou， about［／50f the Fake areais really eutrophic．Po utions
as welIas13counties with16；360km20frich farmland5
Of heavy rTletals，PeSticide5and organic wastes have arso
andapopulationofIO・7millions，andisanewlydeveEoplng been detected，but the eutrophicationis evidently theindustrialzonetNhichhaskeptthehighesteconomicgrowthprevai［■ng PrOblem that TaiHu confionts・The nutrient
Joading comes mainFy from the sur†ace runoff of farmlands
rate during theIast two decades．
TaiHu supplleS an annuaJtotaL of250miIIion tons of
andurbansewage・The water quality deteriorationis se．
dr】nkingwatertoWuxi，Suzhouandthesurroundingcounties．
serious that a strategical program for efficient pollution
The watersupply to Shanghaiis also actuallyfrom TaiHu
COnt「0】is urge仙y needed．
throughthe HLlangPU River and Lake Dingsan・FarmIands Aseriesofpropositionshave thereforebeensubITIittedto
in the TaiHu Basin receive900mi＝on tons o†irrlgation
the governrnent authority as†ollows．
1）A transregionalorganization，Water Resources
WaterannUaLlyfromthelake・ltisaIsoeconomically．IT．POrtant†0rlts †ish針y βroduction and inland waterborne
Protection Committee ofTaiHu／（WRPCT），is to be set up
in responsibility of a）drawing uplaws and regulations fortr如1SPO「tation．
WaterqUalitycontrolincountiesandprefecturesinth6rake s
The rake s water quaIity has been deterioratedin thebasinarea，b）formulatingpoliciesforwaterqualityprotection
recent twenty years owlng tO theindustrialand economic
and controIprograms，C）inspecting theimpJementation ofdevelopmentinits catchment area．PhytopIankton blooms
the policies and programs，and d）organizingstudyprojects
have become apparent nearthe mouths ofriversflowingln
and monitorlng P「OgramS．
from urban andindustrialareasL Acomprehensive studyon2）Stilトthe−StatePblicyisrecomTTlended・NonewpoIIution
thelake environment has，therefore，been undertaken since
sourceis to be a＝owedin thelake s basin area．AIr
1980seekjngmeasuresforenvironmentalmanagementand
developmentalprograms mustbeinspected∴≠もー′ てさby WRPCT and may be accepted anly when
they are provided with sufficient pollution
鳶云二車
controlfacilities．

3）TheDecreeforT姦iHuProtection，Whichhasbeen promuIgatedbyJiang5u ProvinciaF
Government，is supported・4）Sound environrTlentaIrnanagement andpFannlng are eSSentialfor thelakes as we‖asits catchment area．

It is expected that water pallution andeutrophication wiElbe sufficient［y controlled
in a few years to resultin the5Fgnificant
Slowdown of these processes・
Liu Hong＝ang

The RoyaLSo￠i劇yof New′Zealand・Thisisthefjrstcongress・OftheInternationalAssoClation
OfTheOreticaLandApplied⊥■r7］nOIo融SIL）tobeheldjnthe
Dr．M．Hashjmoto｛Secretary−GeneraloflLEC，visited SouthernHemisphere．／Withitstheme：WateT，・tCuSe」andenjoy．
UNEP headql】arterSin NaiT Obion t9th and20th and thelnadditjontOtheordinaryLSeS＄jon写．thefoIJowrngSPeCial
Re宮iona卜Office forAsia and the Pacifjc on2．7th August，
SeSSions a（e PfannedlJ・WetJand，之・Highlatitudeaquatic、
1986．Funheトcooperation betweenUNEPandlLEC， ecosystems， 3．Water res（）urGe managementi∴4．
especiajけthepotent】alareas，andways，WaSモXP】0reddurjng
MathematiGalF710deE5Of Lake、eCQSyStenS，5・Waterpquality
the nTeetlng With Dr，M．K，Tofba，Executive D行色ctor，Dr．
fo「recreation，6．Man−made・、disturbance otla「ge′】ak8
G・N・GoLubev∫Assistant Executive Di俺CtOT，and Dr．Nay
SyStemS，7・Successionin plankton communjti寧S．・
Htun，Director and RegioTlalRepresentativefor Asia and
CoJTlrnenC．ngthree：days afterthe SELCor唱reSSin
the Pacific．
Hamilton，The 4thlnternationaE Symposium．on thelnteractjon betweenSediment and WaterW‖ beLheIdrin
ILEC BUREAU ME：ETING
Melbourne，Australiarfrom February16−20．．1987．
lnpara‖eIwiththeUNCRD／lLEC／UNEPJointWorkshop，
the2nd Bureau Meeting was held at Biwako Hotel，Otsu，
PUBLICAT10NS
Japan on13th November，1986．
Characteristics of」akesin theEa＄tlern United States
GUIDEuNE WORK−PARTY MEETINGEPA，June1986
ThelstGuideJineWork−PartyMeetingofILE：CWaSheld
VoIumel＝PopuFation Descriptions and PhyslqO−Chemical
at BjwakoHoteE，Otsu，Japan on November14th．1986， Relationships．
Allthework−PartymeTT．bersandfourofbureaunleJTlbersjoined
VolurTLe ＝LakcsSampLedand Descriptive StatistiGS for
the Work−PartyMeeting，and deliberation weredeveloped
Physicaland ChemicalVariables．
On the conlP−lation ofguideJine books・The outputsOfthe
Volume l＝Data CoJ71Pendit｝m OfSite Characteristics andmeeting wiIlbe submitted to the coming GeneralMeeting
ChemicalVariabIes、
as materials for discussion．
Thesereportsarea productfrom NationalSurfaceWater
Survey（NSWS）whichWaSimpJementedinJ984byth早U．S．
FORTHCOMING MEETINGSEPA underthe ausp■CeSOfthe NationalAcid Precipitation
Assessment Program．TheinitiaJreports from．the East針∩THE 2ND GENERAL ME：ETLNG OFILE：C
Lake Survey GOmPOnent Of the NSWS，PrOVide detailsOf
ThemeetjnglStentativelyscheduredforFebruary18−20， the survey design・and the resuIts of the s事udyL Additional
1987，at Lake Biwa Researchlnstitute，Otsu，Japan・ reportsfrom theNSWSWillbe produc8d a50ther portions
Bureau Meetir唱andeaCh work−Party Tneeting w‖aFso be
Ofthe programa「ecompleted・MagnetFctapeorflqppydLsk
held concurrently．
Of the data base used for this report are also avaiLable二SECRETARY−GENERAL VISITS UNEP

THE 23RD CONGRESS OF SIL
Dates：February8−14，I987
Place：Waikato University，Hamilton，New ZealandSponsored＝The New Zealand LimnologlCaF Society，and

CAJL FOR ARTICLESThosewhowishtocontributetoILECNewslett声rareinvited
to send manuscripts to the secretariat．

〟−m凡4TTO〃AムムA∬g且Ⅳγ〃モ0棚Ⅳr CO〟丑Ⅳr相方
亡んS†ljg負Pr亡fe⊂tura】Govern爪印t，4−1−1Kyoma亡hi，Otsu，Shig且520，Jap8¶
Tel：0775−25−1076 T）x：546485（）ILECJ Fax：0775「25−1186
Cab］e：1LEC OTSU

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