Guidelines for Prevention of Misconduct Concerning Submission of Research Articles
The Japan Academy of Nursing Science (hereinafter referred to as "JANS" or “the Academy”)
has determined the following Guidelines to prevent misconduct related to submission ofresearch articles to Japan Journal of Nursing Science (JJNS, in English) and to the Journal ofJapan Academy of Nursing Science (JJANS, in Japanese), both published by Japan Academyof Nursing Science. These Guidelines aim to ensure the academic quality and social
reliability of JJNS and JJANS, by reminding all our Journal contributors and editors of clear
definitions of misconduct relating to Journal submissions.
1. Prevention of misconduct in submissions
Contributors submitting manuscripts to JJNS and JJANS must not engage in misconduct
regarding submission of manuscripts.
2. Definition of misconduct concerning manuscript submission
Misconduct concerning submissions to JJNS or JJANS includes the definitions of the specificmisconducts of "fabrication", "falsification" and "plagiarism", with the addition of “duplicatesubmissions.”
Also regarded as undesirable behaviour are "segmented publication" and "submitting withinappropriate authorship."1) Misconduct actions(1) Fabrication is to make up data, research results, etc. that does not exist, and use thefabricated material in research papers etc.
(2) Falsification is to change research materials, equipment and process, to produce
incorrect results from data and research results, and using the manufactured data andresearch results, etc. to create an article or the like.
(3) Plagiarism refers to appropriating ideas, analysis or analysis methods, data, research
results, articles or terminology of other researchers without the permission of orappropriate acknowledgment of the original researcher.
(4) Duplicate submission means submitting essentially the same paper as published papers
or articles posted in other academic journals, regardless of printed matter or electronicpublication.
If the submission to JJNS or JJANS is a bachelor's thesis, master’s thesis or doctoral thesis
Report of Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, business report, or presentation and abstractof academic conferences and research conferences, it is not considered duplicatesubmission.
However, if the submission falls under any of the following, it is considered duplicatesubmission.
a) Submitting an article similar to the article submitted to JJNS or JJANS to another academic
journal as the first author or co-author.
b) Submitting an article to JJNS or JJANS as the first author or co-author, that is similar to an
already-published article or article currently being submitted without explicitly describing
the differences of the latest article.

c) Translating an article published in an existing language into another language andsubmitting it to JJNS or JJANS.
2) Undesirable behaviour(1) Segmented publication (‘salami’ publication) means to divide research that can bereported in one research paper by dividing it into smaller published papers with theintention of enhancing publishing record performance.
(2) Submitting by inappropriate authorship (becoming an author) means adding a person as
an author who does not meet the author qualifications, or intentionally excluding those
who satisfy author qualifications.
* Authorship shall satisfy all of the following criteria (International Committee of Medical
Journal Editors: Criteria by ICMJE1)).
a) Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition,analysis, or interpretation of data for the work.
b) Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content.
c) Final approval of the version to be publishedd) Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions
related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigatedand resolved.
* Examples of inappropriate authorship include guest author, gift author, and ghost author.
a) Guest Author means to list as an author a researcher famous for their seniority, eventhough they have made no definite contribution, in order to improve the possibility ofacceptance of the article.
b) Gift Author means to list a name as an author as "a gift" despite the person having notmade sufficient contribution to the research.
c) Ghost Author means to deliberately exclude a person from the author list despite theirmaking a considerable contribution to research and preparation of the article (thus giving
them authorship rights).

Cited document1) http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/:Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting,Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (Updated December 2017),
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.
Reference1) Science Council of Japan, Standing Committee on Science and Society (2005): PresentSituation and Countermeasures of Misconduct in Science - Toward Autonomy of theScientific Community.