平成 年 度

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新潟大学大学院自然科学研究科博士後期︵博士︶課程 学生募集要項︵第 次募集・第1

ᐔᚑ 29 ᐕᐲᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻ᓟᦼ㧔ඳ჻㧕⺖⒟㧰㨛㨏㨠㨛㨞㨍㨘 㧼㨞㨛㨓㨞㨍㨙ቇ ↢ ൐ 㓸 ⷐ 㗄㧔╙㧝ᰴ൐㓸࡮╙㧞ᰴ൐㓸㧕‫⹜ ౉ ⥸ ৻ ޣ‬‫ޤ‬‫␠ޣ‬ળੱ․೎౉⹜‫ޤ‬‫ޣ‬ᄖ࿖ੱ⇐ቇ↢․೎౉⹜‫ޤ‬

次募集︶

2

     ᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧳㧾㧭㧰㨁㧭㨀㧱 㧿㧯㧴㧻㧻㧸 㧻㧲 㧿㧯㧵㧱㧺㧯㧱 㧭㧺㧰 㨀㧱㧯㧴㧺㧻㧸㧻㧳㨅㧺㧵㧵㧳㧭㨀㧭 㨁㧺㧵㨂㧱㧾㧿㧵㨀㨅‫⹜౉ޣ‬ᣣ⒟‫ޤ‬٠╙  ᰴ൐㓸੐೨⾗ᩰክᩏ↳⺧ᦼ㒢ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕‫ޣ‬ᔅ⌕‫ޤ‬㧔 ⹥ ᒰ ⠪ ߩ ߺ 㧕੐೨⾗ᩰክᩏ⚿ᨐㅢ⍮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔Ἣ㧕㧔 ⹥ ᒰ ⠪ ߩ ߺ 㧕಴㗿ᦼ㑆 ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߆ࠄ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔᳓㧕߹ߢ‫ᦼޣ‬㑆ౝᔅ⌕‫ޤ‬ฃ 㛎 ␿ ㅍ ઃ 㧔 ੍ ቯ 㧕 ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕⹜ާ৻⥸౉⹜㧘ᄖ࿖ੱ⇐ቇ↢․೎౉⹜ިᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔Ἣ㧕ᣣ ާ␠ળੱ․೎౉⹜ᔒ㗿⠪ިᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔᦬㧕߆ࠄ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߹ߢߩ㑆ߩᧄቇ߇ᜰቯߔࠆ㧝ᣣ

㛎

ว

ᩰ

⊒

⴫ ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔᳓㧕 ඦ೨  ᤨ

౉

ቇ

ᚻ

⛯ ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕෸߮  ᦬  ᣣ㧔᦬㧕٠╙  ᰴ൐㓸੐೨⾗ᩰክᩏ↳⺧ᦼ㒢ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕‫ޣ‬ᔅ⌕‫ޤ‬㧔 ⹥ ᒰ ⠪ ߩ ߺ 㧕੐೨⾗ᩰክᩏ⚿ᨐㅢ⍮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔᳓㧕㧔 ⹥ ᒰ ⠪ ߩ ߺ 㧕಴㗿ᦼ㑆 ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬ 㧔ᧁ㧕߆ࠄ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔᳓㧕߹ߢ‫ᦼޣ‬㑆ౝᔅ⌕‫ޤ‬ฃ 㛎 ␿ ㅍ ઃ 㧔 ੍ ቯ 㧕 ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕⹜ާ৻⥸౉⹜㧘ᄖ࿖ੱ⇐ቇ↢․೎౉⹜ިᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕ᣣ ާ␠ળੱ․೎౉⹜ᔒ㗿⠪ިᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕߆ࠄ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔᳓㧕߹ߢߩ㑆ߩᧄቇ߇ᜰቯߔࠆ㧝ᣣ㧔࿯࡮ᣣᦐᣣࠍ㒰ߊ㧕

㛎

ว

ᩰ

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⴫ ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕 ඦ೨  ᤨ

౉

ቇ

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⛯ ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕෸߮  ᦬  ᣣ㧔᦬㧕ᣂẟᄢቇᔒ㗿⠪߳ߩ౉ቇᬌቯᢱ఺㒰ߦߟ޿ߡ ᣂẟᄢቇߢߪ㧘ἴኂ╬ߩⵍἴ⠪ߩ⚻ᷣ⊛⽶ᜂࠍシᷫߒ㧘ㅴቇᯏળߩ⏕଻ࠍ࿑ࠆߚ߼㧘౉ቇᬌቯᢱ఺㒰ߩ․೎ភ⟎ࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ఺㒰ߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆἴኂ෸߮ⵍἴ࿾ၞߥߤ㧘఺㒰ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᧄቇࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫࠍ
ߏⷩߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ٤ᣂẟᄢቇࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ
  74.JVVRYYYPKKICVCWCELR  ៤Ꮺࠨࠗ࠻ JVVRFCKICMWLELRPKKICVCW⋡    ᰴⅠΣ ᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼‫ޣ‬ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟‫ࠆߌ߅ߦޤ‬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛෸߮ฦኾ᡹ߩࠕ࠼ࡒ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ࡮ࡐ࡝ࠪ࡯࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮㧝Τ ৻⥸౉⹜࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮㧥ⅡΥ ␠ળੱ․೎౉⹜࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮Φ ᄖ࿖ੱ⇐ቇ↢․೎౉⹜࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
  'PVTCPEG'ZCOKPCVKQPHQT+PVGTPCVKQPCN5VWFGPVU࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮Χ ฦ౉⹜౒ㅢ੐㗄Ⅲ  ٤ ಴㗿⾗ᩰߩክᩏ㧔೎⚕㧝෸߮೎⚕㧞㧕࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮  ٤ ࠦ࡯ࠬਥછ㧔ㅪ⛊వ㧕৻ⷩ⴫࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮Ψ ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߩ᭎ⷐ㧔ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟㧕   ኾ᡹࡮ࠦ࡯ࠬߩ᭎ⷐ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮   ᚲዻᢎຬ࡮⎇ⓥౝኈ৻ⷩ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮

ⅣΩ ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ᚲቯ↪⚕㧔಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬㧕   ࡮ ౉ቇ㗿ᦠ࡮ฃ㛎␿࡮౮⌀␿࡮ጁᱧᦠ࡮ᝄㄟଐ㗬ᦠ㧔౒ㅢ㧕   ࡮ ⎇ⓥ⸘↹ᦠ㧔౒ㅢ㧕   ࡮ ฃ㛎ᛚ⻌ᦠ㧔৻⥸౉⹜࡮ᄖ࿖ੱ⇐ቇ↢․೎౉⹜↪㧕   ࡮ ᛚ⻌ᦠ㧔␠ળੱ․೎౉⹜࡮㐳ᦼጁୃቇ↢↪㧕   ࡮ ౉ቇ⹜㛎಴㗿⾗ᩰ⹺ቯክᩏ⺞ᦠ㧔౒ㅢ㧕Ⅴ   ࡮ ⎇ⓥᬺ❣ᦠ㧔౒ㅢ㧕   ࡮ ⎇ⓥ⚻ㆊႎ๔ᦠ㧔౒ㅢ㧕   ࡮ ኽ╴㧔౒ㅢ㧕   (QT+PVGTPCVKQPCN5VWFGPVU   ࡮ 4GUGCTEJ2NCP(QTOⅥ   ࡮ %QPUGPVHQT6CMKPI'ZCOKPCVKQP   ࡮ 'NKIKDKNKV[5ETGGPKPI#RRNKECVKQP(QTOHQT'PVTCPEG'ZCOKPCVKQP   ࡮ 4GUGCTEJ#EJKGXGOGPV4GRQTV   ࡮ 4GUGCTEJ2TQITGUU4GRQTV


Ⅶ

Ⅰ

Σ ᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼‫ޣ‬ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟‫ࠆߌ߅ߦޤ‬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛෸߮ฦኾ᡹ߩࠕ࠼ࡒ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ࡮ࡐ࡝ࠪ࡯Ϩ ኱Ꮫ㝔⮬↛⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉࠙༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬ࠚ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗཬࡧྛᑓᨷࡢ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣭࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮
‫ۑ‬ᩍ⫱◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ⮬↛⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉ࡣ⌮Ꮫ࣭ᕤᏛ࣭㎰Ꮫࡢศ㔝ࢆྵࡴ⥲ྜᆺࡢ༊ศไ኱Ꮫ㝔࡜ࡋ࡚㸳ᖺ୍㈏
ࡢᩍ⫱ࢆ㔜どࡋ㸪ඃࢀࡓ◊✲⬟ຊ࡜ᖜᗈ࠸ど㔝ࢆࡶࡗࡓ๰㐀ᛶ㇏࠿࡞ேᮦࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬ࡣ㸪ᑓ㛛ศ㔝ࡢಟᚓࢆ๓ᥦ࡟㸪ྛᑓᨷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿඛ➃ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪㛵㐃ศ㔝ࡢ▱ぢࡸどⅬࢆຍ࠼ࡓ⥲ྜⓗ࣭Ꮫ㝿ⓗ࡞ศᯒ⬟ຊࢆಟᚓࡉࡏ㸪௨ୗࡢ⬟ຊࢆഛ࠼ࡓேᮦࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᩍ⫱┠ᶆ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ օ⮬↛࣭♫఍࣭ே㢮࡟ᑐࡍࡿᗈ࠸ど㔝ࢆࡶࡕ㸪㈐௵ࢆ⮬ぬࡍࡿ⬟ຊ ֆၥ㢟Ⓨぢ⬟ຊ࡜ၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊ ևࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊ ֈᅜ㝿఍㆟➼࡟࠾ࡅࡿⓎ⾲⬟ຊ ։Ꮫ⾡㞧ㄅ࡬ࡢㄽᩥᇳ➹⬟ຊ༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬ࡢྛᑓᨷࡣ㸪ḟ࡟ᥖࡆࡿᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋօᩘ⌮≀㉁⛉Ꮫᑓᨷࡣ㸪⮬↛⏺ࡢᇶᮏἲ๎㸪Ᏹᐂ㸪≀㉁ࡢᛶ㉁ࡸ཯ᛂᶵᵓࡢゎ᫂࡜᪂⣲ᮦ࣭᪂≀㉁ࡢ๰〇ཬࡧᩘ⌮⌧㇟࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ➃ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋֆᮦᩱ⏕⏘ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᑓᨷࡣ㸪ཎᏊ࣭ศᏊࡢᵓ㐀ไᚚ࡟ࡼࡿ᪂ᮦᩱࡢ๰〇㸪⏺㠃ไᚚ࡟ࡼࡿ␗✀ᮦᩱࡢ」ྜ໬㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶᮦᩱࡢ໬Ꮫⓗ㛤Ⓨ㸪⎔ቃㄪ࿴ᆺ⏕⏘ࣉࣟࢭࢫ㸪ᮦᩱホ౯㸪⏕⏘ᶵᲔࢩࢫࢸ࣒ཬࡧᮦᩱไᚚ➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ➃ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋև㟁Ẽ᝟ሗᕤᏛᑓᨷࡣ㸪᝟ሗ㏻ಙᕤᏛ㸪▱⬟᝟ሗ⛉Ꮫ㸪㧗ຠ⋡࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㸪㟁Ꮚࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ㸪ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮㸪ࢭࣥࢩࣥࢢ㸪་⏝⏕యᕤᏛཬࡧ⚟♴ᕤᏛ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ➃ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋֈ⏕࿨࣭㣗ᩱ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷࡣ㸪ศᏊ࠿ࡽಶయࡲ࡛ࡢ⏕࿨⌧㇟ࡢཎ⌮ゎ᫂ࢆᖜᗈ࠸◊✲㡿ᇦ࠿ࡽ᥈ồࡋࡘࡘ㸪㣗ᩱၥ㢟ࡢゎỴࡸ㎰ᴗ㛵㐃⏘ᴗⓎᒎࡢࡓࡵࡢᛂ⏝Ꮫၥศ㔝ࡢᵓ⠏㸪ᇶ♏࡜ᛂ⏝ࡢᏛၥศ㔝ࡢ᭷ᶵⓗ㐃ᦠ࡟ࡼࡿ⏕࿨ཎ⌮ࡢ᥈ồ࡜ᛂ⏝㸪⎔ቃ࡜ㄪ࿴ࡋࡓᣢ
⥆ⓗ㎰ᴗ⏕⏘ࡢᵓ⠏➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ➃ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ։⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷࡣ㸪ᆅ⌫ⓗつᶍཬࡧᆅᇦ♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⎔ቃၥ㢟࡟ከ㠃ⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ㸪᪤ᡂࡢᏛၥ㡿ᇦࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ㉺࠼ࡓᏛ㝿ⓗどⅬ࡟❧ࡗࡓ⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ➃ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ

−1−ࠐᩘ⌮≀㉁⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣭࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮
࠙ᩍ⫱⌮ᛕ࣭┠ᶆࠚᩘ⌮≀㉁⛉Ꮫᑓᨷࡣ㸪⮬↛⏺ࡢᇶᮏἲ๎㸪Ᏹᐂ㸪≀㉁ࡢᛶ㉁ࡸ཯ᛂᶵᵓࡢゎ᫂࡜᪂⣲ᮦ࣭᪂≀㉁ࡢ๰〇ཬࡧᩘ⌮⌧㇟࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ➃ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
࠙ᩍ⫱ෆᐜ࣭≉Ⰽࠚᮏᑓᨷࡣ㸪๓ᮇㄢ⛬࡛ᇵࡗࡓᇶ♏ຊࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞⮬↛ᵓ㐀ࡢἲ๎ࡢ᥈ồࡸ㸪≀㉁཯ᛂࡢᶵᵓゎ᫂࡜᪂⣲ᮦࡢ᥈ồ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ᩘ⌮⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞ྛ✀⌧㇟ࡢ᥈ồ࡟ࡼࡾᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ⾜࠸㸪⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ୖࡢㄢ㢟ࡸᩘ⌮⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞ㄢ㢟࡟୺యⓗ࡟ᑐฎ࡛ࡁࡿ㧗࠸◊✲⬟ຊ㸪ᛂ⏝ຊࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅ㸪⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡸᩘ⌮⛉Ꮫࡢ᭱ඛ➃ศ㔝࡛ά㌍࡛ࡁࡿேᮦ⫱ᡂࢆᅗࡾࡲࡍࠋ
࠙ồࡵࡿᏛ⏕ീࠚ◊✲⪅ࢆᚿࡍ᥈✲ᚰ࡟ᐩࢇࡔேࠋᑓ㛛▱㆑࡟ࡇࡔࢃࡽ࡞࠸ᰂ㌾࡞ᛮ⪃ຊࢆ᭷ࡋ⏘ᴗ⏺ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ά㌍ࢆ┠ᣦࡍேࠋᩍ⫱࡞ࡽࡧ࡟⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡⾜ᨻࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜࡞ࡿពḧࡢ࠶ࡿேࠋ
๓ᮇㄢ⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ᑓ㛛ศ㔝ࡢᇶ♏Ꮫຊ㸪ᑓ㛛▱㆑㸪ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊ㸪ㄒᏛຊࢆ༑
ศ࡟㌟࡟௜ࡅ㸪㧗࠸◊✲Ꮫ⩦ពḧࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡳ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࡿேࠋᮏᑓᨷࡢ㛵㐃ศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚◊✲㛤Ⓨࡢᐇົ⤒㦂ࢆࡶࡘ♫఍ேࠋ࠙ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᇶᮏ᪉㔪ࠚ㹙୍⯡ධヨ㹛࣭༤ኈ๓ᮇ ಟኈ ㄢ⛬࡛⩦ᚓࡋࡓ▱㆑࡜⮬↛᥈ồ⬟ຊࢆ᭦࡟Ⓨᒎࡉࡏ㸪⮬↛⛉Ꮫࡢศ㔝࡛ࡢά㌍ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡍࡿ▱ⓗዲወᚰ࡟࠶ࡩࢀᙉ࠸ពᚿࢆࡶࡘᏛ⏕ࡸ㸪⮬↛⛉Ꮫࢆ⏕࠿ࡋࡓᑓ㛛ⓗ⫋ᴗேࢆ┠ᣦࡍ㧗࠸ຮᏛពḧࢆ᭷ࡍࡿேࢆ㑅ᢤࡋࡲࡍࠋ
㹙እᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕≉ูධヨ㹛୍࣭⯡ධヨࡢ஦㡯࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ධᏛᕼᮃࢥ࣮ࢫ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦࡟ᨭ㞀࡞࠸ᇶ♏Ꮫຊ㸦ᙜヱࢥ࣮ࢫ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ༤ኈ๓ᮇ ಟኈ ㄢ⛬ಟ஢௨ୖࡢ㈨᱁࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡇࢀ࡜ྠ➼௨ୖࡢ⬟ຊ㸧࡜◊✲࡟ᑐࡍࡿពḧࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪᪥ᮏㄒ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣⱥㄒ࡟ࡼࡿᚲせ᭱ᑠ㝈ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ⬟ຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿேࢆ㑅ᢤࡋࡲࡍࠋ
㹙♫఍ே≉ูධヨ㹛࣭༤ኈ๓ᮇ ಟኈ ㄢ⛬࡛Ꮫࢇࡔ▱㆑࡜♫఍ே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆᇶ♏࡟㸪᪂ࡋ࠸▱㆑ࢆᏛ      ࡧࡇࢀࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿᡭἲࢆ⩦ᚓࡋ㸪ᑓ㛛ⓗ⫋ᴗே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࢔ࢵࣉࡸ⮬↛⛉Ꮫ࣭ᢏ⾡ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ศ㔝࡟㐍ࡴຮᏛពḧ࡜⮬୺ດຊࢆ⾜࠺ᙉ࠸ពᚿࢆࡶࡘேࢆ㑅ᢤࡋࡲࡍࠋ

−2−ࠐᮦᩱ⏕⏘ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᑓᨷ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣭࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮
࠙ᩍ⫱⌮ᛕ࣭┠ᶆࠚᮦᩱ⏕⏘ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᑓᨷࡣ㸪ཎᏊ࣭ศᏊࡢᵓ㐀ไᚚ࡟ࡼࡿ᪂ᮦᩱࡢ๰〇㸪⏺㠃ไᚚ࡟ࡼࡿ␗
✀ᮦᩱࡢ」ྜ໬㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶᮦᩱࡢ໬Ꮫⓗ㛤Ⓨ㸪⎔ቃㄪ࿴ᆺ⏕⏘ࣉࣟࢭࢫ㸪ᮦᩱホ౯㸪⏕⏘ᶵᲔࢩࢫࢸ࣒ཬࡧᮦᩱไᚚ➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ➃ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
࠙ᩍ⫱ෆᐜ࣭≉Ⰽࠚᮏᑓᨷ࡛ࡣ㸪ᚠ⎔ᆺ♫఍ࡢᙧᡂ࡟ᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ㇏࠿࡞⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫⓗ▱㆑࡜ၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪ᮦᩱ⏕⏘ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏࠿ࡽᛂ⏝㛤Ⓨࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲άືࢆ◊✲⪅࡜ࡋ࡚୺యⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ㸪♫఍ࡢከᵝ࡞᪉㠃࡛ά㌍࡛ࡁࡿேᮦࡢ⫱ᡂࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
࠙ồࡵࡿᏛ⏕ീࠚᶵ⬟ᮦᩱ⛉Ꮫ㸪ᮦᩱ⏕⏘⛉Ꮫ㸪࠾ࡼࡧᶵᲔ⛉Ꮫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑࡜ၥ㢟Ⓨぢ⬟ຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿேᮦ
ࡢཷࡅධࢀࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋཷࡅධࢀ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪๓ᮇㄢ⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑓ㛛ศ㔝ࡢᇶ♏Ꮫຊ㸪ᑓ㛛▱㆑㸪ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊ㸪ㄒᏛຊ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ◊✲ពḧ࡟㔜Ⅼࢆ࠾࠸࡚ホ౯ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᮏᑓᨷࡢ㛵㐃ศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚◊✲㛤Ⓨࡢᐇົ⤒㦂ࢆᣢࡘᖜᗈ࠸ேᮦࡢཷࡅධࢀࡶ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
࠙ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᇶᮏ᪉㔪ࠚ㹙୍⯡ධヨ㹛༤ኈ๓ᮇ ಟኈ ㄢ⛬࡛⩦ᚓࡋࡓ▱㆑࡜⮬↛᥈ồ⬟ຊࢆ᭦࡟Ⓨᒎࡉࡏ㸪◊✲⪅࡜ࡋ࡚⮬↛⛉Ꮫࡢศ㔝࡛ࡢά㌍ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡍࡿ▱ⓗዲወᚰ࡟࠶ࡩࢀᙉ࠸ពᚿࢆࡶࡘᏛ⏕ࡸ㸪⮬↛⛉Ꮫࢆ⏕࠿ࡋࡓᑓ㛛ⓗ⫋ᴗேࢆ┠ᣦࡍ㧗࠸ຮᏛពḧࢆ᭷ࡍࡿேࢆ㑅ᢤࡋࡲࡍࠋ
㹙እᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕≉ูධヨ㹛୍⯡ධヨࡢ஦㡯࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ධᏛᕼᮃࢥ࣮ࢫ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦࡟ᨭ㞀࡞࠸ᇶ♏Ꮫຊ㸦ᙜヱࢥ࣮ࢫ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ༤ኈ๓ᮇ ಟኈ ㄢ⛬ಟ஢௨ୖࡢ㈨᱁࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡇࢀ࡜ྠ➼௨ୖࡢ⬟ຊ㸧࡜◊✲࡟ᑐࡍࡿពḧࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪᪥ᮏㄒ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣⱥㄒ࡟ࡼࡿᚲせ᭱ᑠ㝈ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ⬟ຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿேࢆ㑅ᢤࡋࡲࡍࠋ
㹙♫఍ே≉ูධヨ㹛༤ኈ๓ᮇ ಟኈ ㄢ⛬࡛Ꮫࢇࡔ▱㆑࡜♫఍ே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆᇶ♏࡟㸪᪂ࡋ࠸▱㆑ࢆᏛࡧࡇࢀࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿᡭἲࢆ⩦ᚓࡋ㸪ᑓ㛛ⓗ⫋ᴗே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࢔ࢵࣉࡸ⮬↛⛉Ꮫ࣭ᢏ⾡ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ศ㔝࡟㐍ࡴຮᏛពḧ࡜⮬୺ດຊࢆ⾜࠺ᙉ࠸ពᚿࢆࡶࡘ♫఍ேࢆ㑅ᢤࡋࡲ
ࡍࠋ

−3−

ࠐ㟁Ẽ᝟ሗᕤᏛᑓᨷ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣭࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮
࠙ᩍ⫱⌮ᛕ࣭┠ᶆࠚ㟁Ẽ᝟ሗᕤᏛᑓᨷࡣ㸪᝟ሗࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᕤᏛ㸪▱⬟᝟ሗ⛉Ꮫ㸪ᩘ⌮᝟ሗ㸪࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᕤᏛ㸪㟁ᏊᮦᩱᕤᏛ㸪ගࢭࣥࢩࣥࢢ㸪་⏝⏕యᕤᏛཬࡧ⚟♴ᕤᏛ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ➃ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠙ᩍ⫱ෆᐜ࣭≉ⰍࠚᩘᏛ㸪≀⌮࡞࡝ࡢ⮬↛⛉Ꮫࡢᇶ♏Ꮫຊ࡜♫఍ᛶ࣭ᅜ㝿ᛶࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᚲ㡲࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪᝟ሗᕤᏛ㸪㟁Ẽ࣭㟁ᏊᕤᏛ㸪ே㛫ᨭ᥼⛉Ꮫࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ࡢࢥ࣮ࢫ࡟
࠾࠸࡚㸪ணഛ▱㆑࡜ᑓ㛛ⓗᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ࡢ⤒㦂ࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᩍ⫱࣭◊✲࣭㛤Ⓨ࣭タィ࣭〇㐀࣭௻⏬࣭⟶⌮࡞࡝▱ⓗ࡛๰㐀ⓗ࡞ᴗົ࡟ᚑ஦ࡍࡿ㧗ᗘ࡞ᑓ㛛ⓗ⫋ᴗே࡜࡞ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪῝࠸ᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑࡜ᖜᗈ࠸ど㔝ࡸ㇏࠿࡞ே㛫ᛶࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵ㸪㧗࠸ຮᏛ࣭◊✲ពḧ࡜ィ⏬㸪⮬୺ດຊࢆ⾜࠺ᙉ࠸ពᛮࢆࡶࡘ⪅ࡢධᏛࢆᮇᚅࡋࡲࡍࠋ
࠙ồࡵࡿᏛ⏕ീࠚ㟁Ẽ᝟ሗᕤᏛᑓᨷ࡛ࡣ㸪኱Ꮫ㝔ಟኈ㸦༤ኈㄢ⛬๓ᮇ㸧ಟ஢ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ᝟ሗᕤᏛ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㟁Ẽ㟁ᏊᕤᏛࡶࡋࡃࡣே㛫ᨭ᥼⛉Ꮫ➼ࡢ▱㆑ࢆಟᚓࡋࡓே㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢᑓ㛛࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ
㧗࠸Ꮫຊࢆᣢࡗࡓே㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣ♫఍࡛ά㌍୰ࡢ◊✲⪅࣭ᢏ⾡⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈨㉁ࢆᣢࡘேࡢධᏛࢆᗈࡃເࡾࡲࡍࠋ
࣭ᑓ㛛ศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ๰㐀ⓗ࡞ᴗົ࡟ᣮᡓࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㧗࠸◊✲ពḧࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪ㄢ㢟タᐃཬࡧゎỴࢆࡣ࠿ࡿࡓࡵࡢ⮬୺ⓗດຊࢆ⾜࠼ࡿேࠋ
࣭◊✲⪅ࡸᢏ⾡⪅࡜ࡋ࡚㧗ᗘ࡞ᑓ㛛ⓗ⬟ຊ࡜ぢ㆑ࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅ㸪ᕤᏛࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚♫఍࡟㈉⊩ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿேࠋ
࣭♫఍ࡀ┤㠃ࡍࡿㅖၥ㢟࡟㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡕ㸪ᢏ⾡⪅࣭◊✲⪅࡜ࡋ࡚㧗࠸೔⌮ឤࢆᣢࡗ࡚ၥ㢟ࡢゎỴࢆ┠ᣦࡍேࠋ
࣭ᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡜ࡢពᛮ␯㏻ࢆࡣ࠿ࡾ㸪Ꮫࢇࡔ▱㆑ࢆά⏝ࡋᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟ά㌍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
ᕼᮃࡍࡿேࠋ
࠙ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᇶᮏ᪉㔪ࠚ㹙୍⯡ධヨ㹛࣭▱ⓗ࡛๰㐀ⓗ࡞ᴗົ࡟ᚑ஦ࡍࡿ㧗ᗘ࡞ᑓ㛛ⓗ⫋ᴗேࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡜ࡢពᛮࡢ␯㏻ࢆᅗࡿ⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪㧗࠸ຮᏛ࣭◊✲ពḧ࡜ィ⏬㸪⮬୺ດຊࢆ⾜࠺ᙉ࠸ពᛮࢆ
ࡶࡘᏛ⏕ࢆᏛຊ᳨ᰝ㸦ཱྀ㏙ヨ㦂㸧࡟ࡼࡾ㑅ᢤࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ཱྀ࣭㏙ヨ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪ಟኈᏛ఩ㄽᩥ㸦ࡲࡓࡣ◊✲⤒㐣ሗ࿌᭩㸧ཬࡧ◊✲ィ⏬᭩ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟⥲ྜⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
㹙እᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕≉ูධヨ㹛࣭▱ⓗ࡛๰㐀ⓗ࡞ᴗົ࡟ᚑ஦ࡍࡿ㧗ᗘ࡞ᑓ㛛ⓗ⫋ᴗேࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡜ࡢពᛮࡢ␯㏻ࢆᅗࡿ⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪㧗࠸ຮᏛ࣭◊✲ពḧ࡜ィ⏬㸪⮬୺ດຊࢆ⾜࠺ᙉ࠸ពᛮࢆ
ࡶࡘእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ࢆᏛຊ᳨ᰝ㸦➹グヨ㦂㸪ཱྀ㏙ヨ㦂㸧࡟ࡼࡾ㑅ᢤࡋࡲࡍࠋ
࣭➹グヨ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏㄒཬࡧⱥㄒ࡟ࡼࡿᚲせ᭱ᑠ㝈ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ⬟ຊࢆホ౯ࡋࡲࡍࠋཱྀ࣭㏙ヨ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪ಟኈᏛ఩ㄽᩥ㸦ࡲࡓࡣ◊✲⤒㐣ሗ࿌᭩㸧ཬࡧ◊✲ィ⏬᭩ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟⥲ྜⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
㹙♫఍ே≉ูධヨ㹛࣭᪂ࡋ࠸▱㆑ࢆᏛࡧࡇࢀࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿᡭἲࢆ⩦ᚓࡋ㸪ᑓ㛛ⓗ⫋ᴗே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ
࢔࢔ࢵࣉࡸ⮬↛⛉Ꮫ࣭ᢏ⾡ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ศ㔝࡟㐍ࡴຮᏛពḧ࡜⮬୺ດຊࢆ⾜࠺ᙉ࠸ពᚿࢆࡶࡘ
♫఍ேᏛ⏕ࢆᏛຊ᳨ᰝ㸦ཱྀ㏙ヨ㦂㸧࡟ࡼࡾ㑅ᢤࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ཱྀ࣭㏙ヨ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪ಟኈᏛ఩ㄽᩥ㸦ࡲࡓࡣ◊✲⤒㐣ሗ࿌᭩㸧ཬࡧ◊✲ィ⏬᭩ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟⥲ྜⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡋࡲࡍࠋ

−4−ࠐ⏕࿨࣭㣗ᩱ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣭࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮
࠙ᩍ⫱⌮ᛕ࣭┠ᶆࠚ⏕࿨࣭㣗ᩱ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷࡣ㸪ศᏊ࠿ࡽಶయࡲ࡛ࡢ⏕࿨⌧㇟ࡢཎ⌮ゎ᫂ࢆᖜᗈ࠸◊✲㡿ᇦ࠿ࡽ᥈ồࡋࡘࡘ㸪㣗ᩱၥ㢟ࡢゎỴࡸ㎰ᴗ㛵㐃⏘ᴗⓎᒎࡢࡓࡵࡢᛂ⏝Ꮫၥศ㔝ࡢᵓ⠏㸪ᇶ♏࡜ᛂ⏝ࡢᏛၥศ㔝ࡢ᭷ᶵⓗ㐃ᦠ࡟ࡼࡿ⏕࿨ཎ⌮ࡢ᥈ồ࡜ᛂ⏝㸪⎔ቃ࡜ㄪ࿴ࡋࡓᣢ⥆ⓗ㎰ᴗ⏕⏘ࡢᵓ⠏➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ➃ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
࠙ᩍ⫱ෆᐜ࣭≉Ⰽࠚᮏᑓᨷࡣ㸪᪂ࡋ࠸᪉ἲㄽࡸᐇ㦂⿦⨨ࡢᛴ㏿࡞㐍Ṍ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㦫␗ⓗ࡟㐍ᒎࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿඛ➃ⓗᇶ♏⏕≀⛉Ꮫ࡜ᛂ⏝⏕≀⛉Ꮫࡢ஧㡿ᇦࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡋ㸪⏕࿨ࡢᇶᮏཎ⌮ࡢゎ᫂ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ศᏊ࠿ࡽಶయࡲ࡛ࡢ⏕࿨⌧㇟ࡢゎ᫂࡜ࡑࡢᖜᗈ࠸ᛂ⏝㸪࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ᆅ⌫⎔ቃࡢኚືࡢ⏕ែ⣔࡬ࡢᙳ㡪㸪ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ㣗ᩱ୙㊊࡞࡝῝้໬ࡍࡿㅖၥ㢟ࡢゎỴ࡜࠸࠺㸪኱ࡁ࡞♫఍ⓗ㛵ᚰ࡜せㄳ࡟ᛂ࠼ࡿᩍ⫱࡜◊✲ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⏕≀Ꮫ㸪㎰Ꮫࡢᇶ♏࠿ࡽ㛵㐃⏘ᴗ㒊㛛ࡲ࡛ࡢᖜᗈ࠸㡿ᇦࡀ᭷ᶵⓗ࡟⤖ྜࡋࡓᩍ⫱࡜◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ㸪⏕࿨⌧㇟ࡢ᰿※ⓗ⌮ゎࢆ┠ᣦࡍᑓ㛛ᛶࡢ㧗࠸◊✲⪅㸪᪂ᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸪ᆅᇦࡢ⏘ᴗࡸ⎔ቃࡢᨵၿࢆ┠ᣦࡍ◊✲⪅ࡸ㧗ᗘ࡞ᢏ⾡⪅㸪᭱᪂ࡢ▱㆑ࢆࡶࡗࡓᩍ⫱⪅➼ࡢ㣴ᡂࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
࠙ồࡵࡿᏛ⏕ീࠚ㹙୍⯡ධヨ㹛኱Ꮫ㝔༤ኈ๓ᮇ ಟኈ ㄢ⛬ಟ஢ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᇶ♏Ꮫຊࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪⏕࿨࣭㣗ᩱ⛉Ꮫࡢ㡿ᇦ࡬୺యⓗ࡟㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ㸪ពḧࡢ࠶ࡿேࠋ
༤ኈ๓ᮇ ಟኈ ㄢ⛬࡛⩦ᚓࡋࡓ▱㆑࡜⮬↛᥈ồ⬟ຊࢆ᭦࡟Ⓨᒎࡉࡏ㸪⏕࿨࣭㣗ᩱ⛉Ꮫࡢศ㔝࡛ࡢά㌍ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡍࡿ▱ⓗዲወᚰ࡟࠶ࡩࢀᙉ࠸ពᚿࢆࡶࡘேࡸ㸪⏕࿨࣭㣗ᩱ⛉Ꮫࢆ⏕࠿ࡋࡓᑓ㛛ⓗ⫋ᴗேࢆ┠ᣦࡍ㧗࠸ຮᏛពḧࢆ᭷ࡍࡿேࠋ
㎰ᴗ࣭㣗ရ⏘ᴗศ㔝࡟㧗ᗘ࡞ᑓ㛛▱㆑ࢆࡶࡕ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡿ᇦࡢㅖၥ㢟࡟ᯝᩒ࡟ࢳࣕࣞࣥ
ࢪࡍࡿពḧࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪◊✲㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡼࡿ♫఍㈉⊩࡬ࡢ㧗࠸ព㆑㸪࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࠾ࡼࡧᅜ㝿ⓗど㔝ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿேࠋ
㹙እᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕≉ูධヨ㹛୍⯡ධヨࡢ஦㡯࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪᪥ᮏㄒ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣⱥㄒ࡟ࡼࡿᚲせ᭱ᑠ㝈ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ
ࡢ⬟ຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿேࠋ
㹙♫఍ே≉ูධヨ㹛   ୍⯡ධヨࡢ஦㡯࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪♫఍ே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆᇶ♏࡟㸪ᑓ㛛ⓗ⫋ᴗே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟
ࣕࣜ࢔࢔ࢵࣉࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟㧗ᗘ࡞Ꮫ㆑ࡸ◊✲⬟ຊࡢྥୖࢆ┠ᣦࡍᙉ࠸ពᚿࢆࡶࡘேࠋ
࠙ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᇶᮏ᪉㔪ࠚ㹙୍⯡ධヨ㹛༤ኈ๓ᮇ ಟኈ ㄢ⛬ࡲࡓࡣ኱Ꮫ㸪◊✲ᡤ➼࡟࠾࠸࡚ᚑ஦ࡋࡓ◊✲࡛⩦ᚓࡋࡓ▱㆑࡜⮬↛᥈ồ⬟ຊࢆ᭦࡟Ⓨᒎࡉࡏ㸪⏕࿨࣭㣗ᩱ⛉Ꮫࡢศ㔝࡛ࡢά㌍ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡍࡿ▱ⓗዲወᚰ࡟࠶ࡩ
ࢀᙉ࠸ពᚿࢆࡶࡘேࡸ㸪⏕࿨࣭㣗ᩱ⛉Ꮫࢆ⏕࠿ࡋࡓᑓ㛛ⓗ⫋ᴗேࢆ┠ᣦࡍ㧗࠸ຮᏛពḧࢆ᭷ࡍࡿேࢆ㑅ᢤࡋࡲࡍࠋ➹グヨ㦂࡛ⱥㄒࡢ⬟ຊࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ཱྀ㏙ヨ㦂࡛◊✲ᐇ⦼㸪◊✲ィ⏬ࡸ◊✲࡟ᑐࡍࡿពḧ㸪ᑓ㛛ศ㔝ࡢ▱㆑࡜⮬↛᥈ồ⬟ຊࢆホ౯ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
㹙እᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕≉ูධヨ㹛୍⯡ධヨࡢ஦㡯࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ධᏛᕼᮃࢥ࣮ࢫ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦࡟ᨭ㞀ࡢ࡞࠸ᇶ♏Ꮫຊ࡜◊✲࡟ᑐࡍࡿពḧࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪᪥ᮏㄒ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣⱥㄒ࡟ࡼࡿᚲせ᭱ᑠ㝈ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ⬟ຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿேࢆ㑅ᢤࡋࡲࡍࠋ
➹グヨ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏㄒ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣⱥㄒࡢ⬟ຊࢆホ౯ࡋࡲࡍࠋཱྀ㏙ヨ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪◊✲ᐇ⦼㸪◊✲ィ⏬ࡸ◊✲࡟ᑐࡍࡿពḧ㸪ᑓ㛛ศ㔝ࡢ▱㆑࡜⮬↛᥈ồ⬟ຊ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊࢆホ౯ࡋࡲࡍࠋ

−5−㹙♫఍ே≉ูධヨ㹛༤ኈ๓ᮇ ಟኈ ㄢ⛬ಟ஢⪅࡜ྠ➼ࡢ▱㆑ࢆᣢࡕ㸪♫఍ே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆᇶ♏࡟㸪ᑓ㛛ⓗ⫋ᴗே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࢔ࢵࣉࡸ⮬↛⛉Ꮫ࣭ᢏ⾡ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ศ㔝࡟㐍ࡴຮᏛពḧ࡜⮬୺ດຊࢆ⾜࠺ᙉ࠸ពᚿࢆࡶࡘேࢆ㑅ᢤࡋࡲࡍࠋཱྀ㏙ヨ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪◊✲ᐇ⦼㸪◊✲ィ⏬ࡸ◊✲࡟ᑐࡍࡿពḧ㸪ᑓ㛛ศ㔝ࡢ▱㆑࡜⮬↛᥈ồ⬟ຊࢆホ౯ࡋࡲࡍࠋ

−6−ࠐ⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣭࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮
࠙ᩍ⫱⌮ᛕ࣭┠ᶆࠚ⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷࡣ㸪ᆅ⌫ⓗつᶍཬࡧᆅᇦ♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⎔ቃၥ㢟࡟ከ㠃ⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ㸪᪤ᡂࡢᏛၥ㡿ᇦࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ㉺࠼ࡓᏛ㝿ⓗどⅬ࡟❧ࡗࡓ⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ➃ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠙ᩍ⫱ෆᐜ࣭≉Ⰽࠚ⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷࡣ㸪ᆅ⌫つᶍ࠿ࡽ໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ୍ゅࡢ᪥ᮏᾏࡸ᪂₲ᆅᇦ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟㒔ᕷࡸఫࡲ࠸ࡲ࡛ࢆᗈࡃ◊✲ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚㸪࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᚠ⎔㐣⛬ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒㸪㔝⏕⏕≀ࡢከᵝᛶ㸪᳃ᯘ⛉Ꮫ㸪㎰ᴗ㎰ᮧ⎔ቃᕤᏛ㸪♫఍ᇶ┙ᕤᏛ㸪ᘓ⠏Ꮫ㸪ᆅ⌫⛉Ꮫ㸪⅏ᐖ⛉Ꮫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ➃ⓗ࣭Ꮫ㝿ⓗ࡛㉸ᇦⓗ࡞◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᆅ⌫ࡸᆅᅪ࣭Ỉᅪ࣭⏕≀ᅪ࡞࡝ࡢᵓ㐀ࢆ᥈ồࡍࡿඃࢀࡓ▱㆑࡜⮬↛⎔ቃ࡜ே㛫♫఍࡜ࡢ┦஫㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡲ࡛ࡢᗈ࠸ど㔝࡜῝࠸ᑓ㛛▱㆑㸪࠾ࡼࡧ㒔ᕷ࣭㎰ᒣᮧ⎔ቃࢆ๰ฟࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆᣢࡘேᮦ㸪ලయⓗ࡟ࡣㄢ㢟᥈ồຊ࡜ၥ㢟ゎỴຊࢆවࡡഛ࠼Ꮫ⾡ୖࡢඃࢀࡓᡂᯝࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㧗ᗘ࡞◊✲⪅࣭ᢏ⾡⪅ࢆ㣴ᡂࡋࡲࡍࠋ࠙ồࡵࡿᏛ⏕ീࠚᏛෆእࢆၥࢃࡎ㸪༑ศ࡞᝟ሗ཰㞟㸪ゎᯒ࠾ࡼࡧⓎಙࡢ⬟ຊࢆࡶࡕ㸪⊂๰ᛶ࡟ᐩࢇࡔಟኈㄢ
⛬ಟ஢Ꮫ⏕࠾ࡼࡧ㧗࠸ᐇົ⤒㦂ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ♫఍ேࢆཷࡅධࢀࡲࡍࠋ
࠙ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᇶᮏ᪉㔪ࠚ㹙୍⯡ධヨ㹛㑅ᢤࡍࡿே≀ࡣ㸪༤ኈ๓ᮇ ಟኈ ㄢ⛬࡛⩦ᚓࡋࡓ▱㆑࡜᥈ồ⬟ຊࢆ᭦࡟Ⓨᒎࡉࡏ㸪⮬↛⛉Ꮫࡢศ㔝࡛ࡢά㌍ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡍࡿ▱ⓗዲወᚰ࡟࠶ࡩࢀ㸪༑ศ࡞ᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑࣭⬟ຊ㸪࠾ࡼࡧᙉ࠸ពᚿࢆࡶࡘᏛ⏕ࡸ㸪⮬↛⛉Ꮫࢆ⏕࠿ࡋࡓᑓ㛛ⓗ⫋ᴗேࢆ┠ᣦࡍ㧗࠸ຮᏛពḧࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᏛ⏕࣭♫఍ேࢆ㑅ᢤࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ཱྀ㏙ヨ㦂࡛ࡣಟኈᏛ఩ㄽᩥ㸦ཪࡣ◊✲⤒㐣ሗ࿌᭩㸧ཬࡧ◊✲ィ⏬᭩ࡢጇᙜᛶࢆᑂᰝࡋࡲ
ࡍࠋ㹙እᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕≉ูධヨ㹛୍⯡ධヨࡢ஦㡯࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ධᏛᕼᮃࢥ࣮ࢫ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦࡟ᨭ㞀࡞࠸ᇶ♏Ꮫຊ㸦ᙜヱࢥ࣮ࢫ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ༤ኈ๓ᮇ ಟኈ ㄢ⛬ಟ஢௨ୖࡢ㈨᱁࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡇࢀ࡜ྠ➼௨ୖࡢ⬟ຊ㸧࡜◊✲࡟ᑐࡍࡿពḧࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪᪥ᮏㄒ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣⱥㄒ࡟ࡼࡿᚲせ᭱ᑠ㝈ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ⬟ຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᏛ⏕࣭♫఍ேࢆ㑅ᢤࡋࡲࡍࠋ
㹙♫఍ே≉ูධヨ㹛༤ኈ๓ᮇ ಟኈ ㄢ⛬࡛Ꮫࢇࡔ▱㆑࡜♫఍ே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆᇶ♏࡟㸪᪂ࡋ࠸▱㆑ࢆᏛࡧࡇࢀࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿᡭἲࢆ⩦ᚓࡋ㸪ᑓ㛛ⓗ⫋ᴗே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࢔ࢵࣉࡸ⮬↛⛉Ꮫ࣭ᢏ⾡ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ศ㔝࡟㐍ࡴຮᏛពḧ࡜⮬୺ດຊࢆ⾜࠺ᙉ࠸ពᚿࢆࡶࡘ♫఍ேࢆ㑅ᢤࡋࡲ
ࡍࠋ

−7−

Ⅱ

Τ  ৻ ⥸ ౉ ⹜‫ޤ⹜౉⥸৻ޣ‬㧝 ൐㓸ੱຬ  ‫  ╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬ኾ ᡹ ฬ൐㓸ੱຬኾ ᡹ ฬ൐㓸ੱຬᢙ ℂ ‛ ⾰ ⑼ ቇ ኾ ᡹㧝㧟ฬ↢ ๮ ࡮ 㘩 ᢱ ⑼ ቇ ኾ ᡹㧝㧟ฬ᧚ᢱ↢↥ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓኾ᡹㧝㧢ฬⅣ Ⴚ ⑼ ቇ ኾ ᡹㧝㧡ฬ㔚 ᳇ ᖱ ႎ Ꮏ ቇ ኾ ᡹

㧝㧟ฬ

⸘

㧣㧜ฬ

 
㧔ᵈ 㧕 ฦኾ᡹ߩ൐㓸ੱຬߩਛߦߪ㧘ᧄቇᄢቇ㒮ߩඳ჻೨ᦼ⺖⒟෸߮ୃ჻⺖⒟߆ࠄߩㅴቇ⠪ਗ߮ߦ␠ળੱ
෸߮ᄖ࿖ੱ⇐ቇ↢ߩ․೎౉⹜ߦࠃࠆ൐㓸ੱຬ㧔⧯ᐓੱ㧕ࠍ฽ߺ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ 㧕 ಴㗿ߦ㓙ߒߡߪ㧘ᔅߕᔒᦸߔࠆࠦ࡯ࠬߩᜂᒰᢎຬ㧔 ࡍ࡯ࠫෳᾖ㧕߹ߚߪࠦ࡯ࠬਥછ㧔 ࡍ࡯ࠫෳᾖ㧕ߦᢎ⢒⎇ⓥౝኈ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ໧޿วࠊߖߩ਄㧘಴㗿ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬  ‫  ╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬ኾ ᡹ ฬ൐㓸ੱຬኾ ᡹ ฬ൐㓸ੱຬᢙ ℂ ‛ ⾰ ⑼ ቇ ኾ ᡹⧯ᐓੱ↢ ๮ ࡮ 㘩 ᢱ ⑼ ቇ ኾ ᡹⧯ᐓੱ᧚ᢱ↢↥ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓኾ᡹⧯ᐓੱⅣ Ⴚ ⑼ ቇ ኾ ᡹⧯ᐓੱ㔚 ᳇ ᖱ ႎ Ꮏ ቇ ኾ ᡹

⧯ᐓੱ




㧔ᵈ㧕 ಴㗿ߦ㓙ߒߡߪ㧘ᔅߕᔒᦸߔࠆࠦ࡯ࠬߩᜂᒰᢎຬ㧔 ࡍ࡯ࠫෳᾖ㧕߹ߚߪࠦ࡯ࠬਥછ㧔 ࡍ࡯ࠫෳᾖ㧕ߦᢎ⢒⎇ⓥౝኈ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ໧޿วࠊߖߩ਄㧘಴㗿ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧞 ಴㗿⾗ᩰᰴߩ޿ߕࠇ߆ߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆ⠪ߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ୃ჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏㧔ቇᩞᢎ⢒ᴺ╙  ᧦╙  㗄ߩⷙቯߦၮߠ߈ቇ૏ⷙೣ㧔ᤘ๺  ᐕᢥㇱ⋭઎╙ ภ㧕╙  ᧦ߩ  ߦⷙቯߔࠆኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏ࠍ޿߁㧔એਅหߓ㧕㧕ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪෸߮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬߹ߢߦขᓧߔࠆ⷗ㄟߺߩ⠪  ᄖ࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆቇ૏ࠍ᝼ਈߐࠇߚ⠪෸߮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬߹ߢߦ᝼ਈߐ
‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬ෳᾖ㧕ࠇࠆ⷗ㄟߺߩ⠪㧔  ᄖ࿖ߩቇᩞ߇ⴕ߁ㅢାᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ࠍᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡጁୃߒ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆቇ૏ࠍ᝼ਈߐࠇߚ⠪෸߮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬߹ߢߦ᝼ਈߐࠇࠆ⷗ㄟߺߩ⠪㧔‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬ෳᾖ㧕  ᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᄖ࿖ߩᄢቇ㒮ߩ⺖⒟ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡᒰ⹥ᄖ࿖ߩቇᩞᢎ⢒೙ᐲߦ߅޿ߡ૏⟎ઃߌࠄࠇߚ
ᢎ⢒ᣉ⸳ߢ޽ߞߡ㧘ᢥㇱ⑼ቇᄢ⤿߇೎ߦᜰቯߔࠆ߽ߩߩᒰ⹥⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆቇ૏ࠍ᝼ਈߐࠇߚ⠪෸߮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬߹ߢߦ᝼ਈߐࠇࠆ⷗ㄟߺߩ⠪  ࿖㓙ㅪวᄢቇᧄㇱߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙ㅪวߣᣣᧄ࿖ߣߩ㑆ߩදቯߩታᣉߦ઻߁․೎ភ⟎ᴺ㧔ᤘ๺  ᐕᴺᓞ╙ ภ㧕╙  ᧦╙  㗄ߦⷙቯߔࠆ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣߩ࿖㓙ㅪว✚ળ᳿⼏ߦၮߠ߈⸳┙ߐࠇߚ࿖㓙ㅪวᄢቇ㧔એਅ‫ޟ‬࿖㓙ㅪวᄢቇ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬㧕ߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆቇ૏ࠍ᝼ਈߐࠇߚ⠪෸߮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬߹ߢߦ᝼
ਈߐࠇࠆ⷗ㄟߺߩ⠪  ᄢቇࠍතᬺߒ㧘ᄢቇ㧘⎇ⓥᚲ╬ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘 ᐕએ਄⎇ⓥߦᓥ੐ߒߚ⠪ߢ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᒰ⹥⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐ╬ߦࠃࠅ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߣห╬એ਄ߩቇജ߇޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ߚ߽ߩ㧔‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬ෳᾖ㧕  ᄖ࿖ߦ߅޿ߡቇᩞᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ  ᐕߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒߚᓟ㧘෶ߪᄖ࿖ߩቇᩞ߇ⴕ߁ㅢାᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ࠍᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡጁୃߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅᒰ⹥ᄖ࿖ߩቇᩞᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ  ᐕߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒߚᓟ㧘ᄢቇ㧘⎇ⓥᚲ
╬ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘 ᐕએ਄⎇ⓥߦᓥ੐ߒߚ⠪ߢ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᒰ⹥⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐ╬ߦࠃࠅ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏ࠍ᦭ߔ
ࠆ⠪ߣห╬એ਄ߩቇജ߇޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ߚ߽ߩ㧔‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬ෳᾖ㧕  ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘୘೎ߩ౉ቇ⾗ᩰክᩏߦࠃࠅ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߣห╬એ਄ߩቇജ߇
‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬ෳᾖ㧕޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ߚ⠪ߢ㧘ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ߹ߢߦ  ᱦߦ㆐ߔࠆ߽ߩ㧔−9−‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޟ ޤ‬ᄖ࿖ߩୃ჻ߩቇ૏෸߮ኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏‫ߪޠ‬㧘ߘࠇߙࠇቇᩞᢎ⢒ᴺ╙  ᧦ߩⷙቯߦၮߠ߈᝼ਈߐࠇࠆ‫ୃޟ‬჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏‫⋧ߦޠ‬ᒰߔࠆቇ૏ߣߒߡᛒࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬೨⸥  ෶ߪ  ߩ಴㗿⾗ᩰߦࠃߞߡ಴㗿ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘ᣂẟᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥ
㧔6'.  㧕ߦ໧޿วࠊߖߩ਄㧘หଥߩᜰ␜ߔࠆ಴㗿ᦠ㘃ߣ౒ߦ㧘㄰ା↪ኽ╴㧔㐳ᒻ  ภߩኽ╴ߦㇷଢಾᚻ  ౞ಽࠍߪࠅ㧘ᔒ㗿⠪ߩ૑ᚲ㧘᳁ฬ෸߮ㇷଢ⇟ภࠍ᣿⸥ߒߚ߽ߩ㧕ࠍឭ಴ߒ㧘੐೨ክᩏࠍฃߌߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ᦠ㘃╬ߩឭ಴ᦼ㒢෸߮੐೨ክᩏߩ⚿ᨐㅢ⍮ᣣߪ㧘ᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔ‫ޕ‬‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ᦠ ޤ‬㘃╬ߪ㧘ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߹ߢ㧔ᔅ⌕㧕ߦឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬੐೨ክᩏߩ⚿ᨐߪ㧘ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔Ἣ㧕ઃߌߢᧄੱ޽ߡㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ᦠ ޤ‬㘃╬ߪ㧘ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔㊄㧕߹ߢ㧔ᔅ⌕㧕ߦឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬੐೨ክᩏߩ⚿ᨐߪ㧘ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔᳓㧕ઃߌߢᧄੱ޽ߡㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬‫ޣ‬ᵈ‫ ޤ‬೨⸥  ෶ߪ  ߩ಴㗿⾗ᩰߦࠃߞߡ಴㗿ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘೎⚕㧔ࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕ࠍෳᾖߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬‫ޣ‬ᵈ‫ ޤ‬೨⸥  ߩ಴㗿⾗ᩰߦࠃߞߡ಴㗿ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘೎⚕㧔ࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕ࠍෳᾖߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧟 ಴㗿ᦼ㑆‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬  ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߆ࠄ᦬ᣣ㧔᳓㧕߹ߢ‫ᦼޣ‬㑆ౝᔅ⌕‫ޤ‬‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬  ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߆ࠄ᦬ᣣ㧔᳓㧕߹ߢ‫ᦼޣ‬㑆ౝᔅ⌕‫ޤ‬㧠 ಴㗿ᚻ⛯  ಴㗿ᣇᴺᔒ㗿⠪ߪ㧘ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩኽ╴ߦᰴߩ‫ޟ‬಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬‫ࠇ౉ࠍޠ‬㧘಴㗿ᦼ㑆ౝߦᜬෳ෶ߪㇷㅍߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬  ಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ߩឭ಴వ‫ޥ‬ᣂẟᏒ⷏඙੖ච፲ߩ↸⇟࿾ᣂẟᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥ 6'.  
ᜬෳߩ႐ว㧦ฃઃᤨ㑆ߪ㧘ᤨ߆ࠄᤨ߹ߢߢߔ㧔࿯㨯ᣣᦐᣣߪ㧘ฃઃࠍⴕ޿߹ߖࠎ㧕‫ޕ‬ㇷଢߩ႐ว㧦ᔅߕᦠ⇐ㅦ㆐ߢㇷㅍߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬  ಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬
಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬

៰ⷐ

Ԙ ౉ ቇ 㗿 ᦠ
ฃ 㛎 ␿
౮ ⌀ ␿
ጁ ᱧ ᦠ

࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕ࠍ૶↪ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ߥ߅㧘‫ޟ‬ᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇឭ಴↪㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ᚲቯᰣߦ⏕ታߦߪߞߡߊߛ
ߐ޿㧔̪ขᛒ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߩ෼⚊ශ߇᛼ශߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍᔅߕ⏕⹺ߒߡߊߛߐ޿㧕‫ޕ‬࡮౮⌀␿ߩᚲቯ▎ᚲߦ౮⌀㧔❑  ছ㧘ᮮ  ছߩ਄ඨり࡮ήᏲ࡮ᱜ㕙ะ߈ߢ㧘಴㗿೨  ߆᦬એౝߦ᠟ᓇߒߚ߽ߩ㧕ࠍߪߞߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ฃ㛎ᤨߦ⌒㏜ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘⌒㏜ࠍ߆ߌߡ᠟ᓇߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ԙ ୃ჻㧔ኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏㧕⺖⒟ୃੌ(⷗ㄟߺ)⸽᣿ᦠ
෶ߪୃ჻ቇ૏ขᓧ(⷗ㄟߺ)⸽᣿ᦠ

࡮ୃ჻㧔ኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏㧕⺖⒟ୃੌ㧔⷗ㄟߺ㧕⸽᣿ᦠߪ㧘಴り㧔࿷☋㧕ᄢቇ㒮ߩ⎇ⓥ⑼㐳㧔෶ߪቇ㐳㧕߇૞ᚑߒߚ߽ߩࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ୃੌ㧔⷗ㄟߺ㧕⸽᣿ᦠߦขᓧቇ૏߇⸥タߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿႐วߪ㧘ቇ૏᝼ਈ㧔⷗ㄟߺ㧕⸽᣿ᦠࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬Ԛ ቇ ᬺ ᚑ ❣ ⸽ ᣿ ᦠ࡮಴り㧔࿷☋㧕ᄢቇ㒮ߩ⎇ⓥ⑼㐳㧔෶ߪቇ㐳㧕߇૞ᚑ㧔෩ኽ㧕ߒߚ߽ߩࠍឭ಴
ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬−10−ԛ ᬌ ቯ ᢱ ⚊ ઃ ⸽ ᣿ ᦠ࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩ‫ޟ‬ᝄㄟଐ㗬ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟౉ቇ⹜㛎ᬌቯᢱ㧕
࡮ᝄㄟ㊄෸߮ᚻᢙᢱ㗔෼ᦠ㧔ᔒ㗿⠪଻ሽ㧕࡮ᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿
ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇឭ಴↪㧕‫ߦޠ‬ᔅⷐ੐㗄ࠍ⸥౉ߒ㧘એਅߩὐߦ⇐ᗧߩ߁߃㧘ಾࠅ㔌ߐߕߦᦨነࠅߩ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐㧔ࠁ߁ߜࠂ㌁ⴕ෸߮ㇷଢዪࠍ㒰ߊ㧕ߦᜬෳߒ㧘⓹ญߢᬌቯᢱ  ౞ࠍᝄࠅㄟࠎߢߊߛߐ޿‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ㧘౉ቇ㗿ᦠߩᚲቯᰣߦᬌቯ
ᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇឭ಴↪㧕ࠍߪߞߡឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ߥ߅㧘ᝄㄟᚻᢙᢱߪ㧘ᔒ㗿⠪ᧄੱߩ⽶ᜂߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ԙ ଐ㗬ੱ᳁ฬᰣߪ㧘ᔅߕᔒ㗿⠪ᧄੱߩ᳁ฬࠍ⸥౉ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬Ԝ ୃ ჻ ቇ ૏ ⺰ ᢥ ╬

ԝ ⎇

ⓥ

⸘

↹

ᦠ

Ԟ ฃ 㛎 ᛚ ⻌ ᦠ‫⹥ޣ‬ᒰ⠪ߩߺឭ಴‫ޤ‬ԟ ࡄࠬࡐ࡯࠻ߩ౮ߒ෶ߪ
࿷⇐ࠞ࡯࠼ߩ౮ߒ
‫⹥ޣ‬ᒰ⠪ߩߺឭ಴‫ޤ‬
Ԡ ㄰

ା

↪

ኽ

ԙ ᬌቯᢱߩᝄࠅㄟߺߪ㧘ਅ⸥ߩᦼ㑆ౝߦᔅߕⴕߞߡߊߛߐ޿㧔̪࿯࡮ᣣᦐᣣ㧘␸ᣣߩᝄࠅㄟߺߪߢ߈߹ߖࠎ㧕‫ޕ‬‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߆ࠄ᦬ᣣ㧔᳓㧕ާᤨި߹ߢ
‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߆ࠄᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔᳓㧕ާᤨި߹ߢԚ 㧭㨀㧹㧔⃻㊄⥄േ㗍ᛄᯏ㧕ߢߩᝄࠅㄟߺߪߢ߈߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬࡮ୃ჻ߩቇ૏ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘ୃ჻ቇ૏⺰ᢥߩ౮ߒ෶ߪߘߩ⺰ᢥⷐᣦ㧔 ሼ⒟ᐲߢ૞ᚑߩߎߣ ࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ୃ჻⺖⒟ୃੌ⷗ㄟ⠪ߢୃ჻ቇ૏⺰ᢥࠍឭ಴ߢ߈ߥ޿႐วߪ㧘ୃ჻⺖⒟ߦ߅ߌ
ࠆ⎇ⓥ⁁ᴫ╬ࠍ⹦⚦ߦ⸥タߒߚ⎇ⓥ⚻ㆊႎ๔ᦠ㧔ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕㧕ࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕ࠍ૶↪ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮౉ቇᓟߩቇୃ෸߮⎇ⓥ⸘↹ߩ੍ቯߦߟ޿ߡ⸥ㅀߒ㧘૞ᚑߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐㧘⎇ⓥᯏ㑐߿࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕㧘ડᬺ╬ߦ࿷⡯ߒߡ޿ࠆ⠪ߢ࿷⡯ߩ߹߹౉ቇࠍ੍ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ⠪ߪ㧘ൕോవᚲዻ㐳ߩ૞ᚑߒߚฃ㛎ᛚ⻌ᦠ㧔ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕㧕ࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮วᩰᓟㅌ⡯ߒߡ౉ቇߔࠆ੍ቯߩ႐วߪ㧘ᧄੱ߇ㅌ⡯ߔࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆᣦࠍ᣿⸥
ߒߚᢥᦠࠍ߽ߞߡฃ㛎ᛚ⻌ᦠߦઍ߃߹ߔ‫ߩߘޕ‬႐วߪ㧘౉ቇᚻ⛯ᤨߦㅌ⡯⸽᣿ᦠ㧔෶ߪㅌ⡯⷗ㄟ⸽᣿ᦠ㧕߇ᔅⷐߢߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ᄖ࿖☋ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘ࡄࠬࡐ࡯࠻ߩ౮ߒ㧔㗻౮⌀ࡍ࡯ࠫ෸߮࿷⇐⾗ᩰ߇⸥タߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕෶ߪ࿷⇐ࠞ࡯࠼ߩ౮ߒ㧔⴫ⵣਔ㕙㧕ࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬╴࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩ㄰ା↪ኽ╴ࠍ૶↪ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ኽ╴ߦߪ㧘ᔒ㗿⠪ߩ૑ᚲ㧘᳁ฬ෸߮ㇷଢ⇟ภࠍ⸥౉ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬ ᨎ૞ᚑ
࡮ฃ㛎␿࿷ਛ 㐳ᒻ  ภ ߦߪ㧘ㇷଢಾᚻ  ౞ಽࠍߪߞߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ฃ㛎␿࿷ਛ 㐳ᒻ  ภ ࡮วᩰㅢ⍮ᦠ࿷ਛ㧔㐳ᒻ  ภ㧕෸߮౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦠ㘃࿷ਛ㧔ⷺᒻ  ภ㧕ߦߪ㧘ㇷଢ࡮วᩰㅢ⍮ᦠ࿷ਛ 㐳ᒻ  ภ ಾᚻࠍߪࠆᔅⷐߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬࡮౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦠ㘃࿷ਛ ⷺᒻ  ภ  ̪ォዬ╬ߢฃ㛎␿߿วᩰㅢ⍮ᦠ߇ᧂ⌕ߣߥࠆߎߣ߇ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᄌᦝ߇޽ߞߚ
‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬ ᨎ૞ᚑ
႐วߪ㧘ㅦ߿߆ߦ಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ឭ಴వߦ↳ߒ಴ߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ฃ㛎␿࿷ਛ 㐳ᒻ  ภ ࡮౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦠ㘃࿷ਛ ⷺᒻ  ภ㨇ᵈ㨉   ಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ߦਇ஻߇޽ࠆ႐วߦߪ㧘ฃℂߒߥ޿ߎߣ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ⧷⺆એᄖߩᄖ࿖⺆ߢ૞ᚑߐࠇߚᦠ㘃╬ߦߪ㧘ᣣᧄ⺆⸶ࠍᔅߕᷝઃߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬  ஜᐽ⸻ᢿᦠߩឭ಴ࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿߹ߖࠎߩߢ㧘╩⸥⹜㛎෸߮ญㅀ⹜㛎ߩฃ㛎෸߮ୃቇ਄ߩ㈩ᘦࠍᔅⷐߣߔ
ࠆᔒ㗿⠪ߪ㧘಴㗿೨ߦ↳ߒ಴ߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬  ಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮߦ߅޿ߡᔅⷐߥߚ߼ឭ಴޿ߚߛߊ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߎࠇߦࠃߞߡᓧߚᖱႎࠍ㧘⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱ╬ߩ଻᦭ߔࠆ୘ੱᖱႎߩ଻⼔ߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺᓞ╙  ᧦ߦⷙቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ႐วࠍ
㒰߈㧘಴㗿⠪ᧄੱߩหᗧࠍᓧࠆߎߣߥߊઁߩ⋡⊛ߢ૶↪෶ߪ╙ਃ⠪ߦឭଏߔࠆߎߣߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬−11−㧡 ㆬᛮᣇᴺ ࡮౉ቇ⠪ߩㆬᛮߪ㧘ቇജᬌᩏ෸߮಴㗿ᦠ㘃ࠍ✚วߒߡⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ቇജᬌᩏߦߟ޿ߡ
ᢙℂ‛⾰⑼ቇኾ᡹㧘᧚ᢱ↢↥ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓኾ᡹㧘㔚᳇ᖱႎᎿቇኾ᡹෸߮ⅣႺ⑼ቇኾ᡹ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ਅ⸥ԙญㅀ⹜㛎ࠍ⺖ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ↢๮࡮㘩ᢱ⑼ቇኾ᡹ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ਅ⸥Ԙ╩⸥⹜㛎෸߮ԙญㅀ⹜㛎ࠍ⺖ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ԙ ╩⸥⹜㛎㧦ᄖ࿖⺆㧔⧷⺆㧕ߩ⹜㛎ࠍ⺖ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ԙ ญㅀ⹜㛎㧦‫ୃޟ‬჻ቇ૏⺰ᢥ㧔෶ߪ⎇ⓥ⚻ㆊႎ๔ᦠ㧕‫ޠ‬෸߮‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥ⸘↹ᦠ‫ࠍޠ‬ਛᔃߦⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧢 ቇജᬌᩏᦼᣣ෸߮ᤨ㑆ഀ‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬  ቇജᬌᩏᦼᣣ ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔Ἣ㧕  ᤨ㑆ഀԘ ╩⸥⹜㛎 㨪ԙ ญㅀ⹜㛎 ⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ฃ㛎␿ㅍઃߩ㓙ߦㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬  ቇജᬌᩏᦼᣣ ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕  ᤨ㑆ഀԘ ╩⸥⹜㛎 㨪ԙ ญㅀ⹜㛎 ⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ฃ㛎␿ㅍઃߩ㓙ߦㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧣 ⹜㛎႐  ᣂẟᄢቇ੖ච፲ࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬ㧔ᣂẟᏒ⷏඙੖ච፲  ߩ↸  ⇟࿾㧕  ߥ߅㧘⹜㛎႐㧔⹜㛎ቶ㧕ߩ⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ฃ㛎␿ㅍઃߩ㓙ߦᜰ␜ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ฃ㛎␿ߩㅍઃ੍ቯᣣߪ㧘ᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔ‫ޕ‬  ‫  ╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ ޤ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕  ‫  ╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ ޤ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕㧤 วᩰ⊒⴫  ‫  ╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ ޤ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔᳓㧕ඦ೨  ᤨ  ‫  ╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ ޤ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕ඦ೨  ᤨ  ᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᱜ㕙₵㑐ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘วᩰ⠪ߩฃ㛎⇟ภࠍឝ␜ߦࠃࠅ⊒⴫ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘วᩰ⠪ߦߪวᩰㅢ⍮ᦠࠍㅍઃߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ㧘วᩰ⊒⴫ᒰᣣߩ  ᤨ㗃ߦᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫߦ߽วᩰ⠪ߩฃ㛎⇟ภࠍឝタߒ߹ߔ㧔JVVRYYYIUPKKICVCWCELR㧕‫ޕ‬ߥ߅㧘วุߦ㑐ߒߡߩ㔚⹤╬ߦࠃࠆ໧޿วࠊߖߦߪ㧘৻ಾᔕߓ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬












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㧥 ౉ቇᚻ⛯  ౉ቇᚻ⛯ߩ᭎ⷐߪ㧘ᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔ‫ߪߡ޿ߟߦ⚦⹦ޕ‬㧘วᩰ⠪ߦ೎ㅜㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦼ㑆  ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔㊄㧕෸߮᦬ᣣ㧔᦬㧕 ౉ቇߦⷐߔࠆ⚻⾌౉ቇᢱ  ౞㧔੍ቯ㗵㧕㧔ᵈ 㧕 ౉ቇᢱᡷቯ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ႐วߦߪ㧘ᡷቯᤨ߆ࠄᣂ౉ቇᢱ߇ㆡ↪ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ 㧕 ౉ቇᢱࠍ⃻㊄ߢᝄࠅㄟ߻႐วߦߪ㧘㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߩ⓹ญߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᝄࠅㄟߺࠍⴕ߁⠪ߩᧄੱ⏕⹺ᦠ㘃㧔ㆇォ఺⸵⸽㧘ஜᐽ଻㒾⸽㧘ࡄࠬࡐ࡯࠻╬㧕ߩឭ␜߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᧄੱ⏕⹺ᦠ㘃ߩឭ␜߇ή޿႐วߦߪ㧘⃻㊄ߦࠃࠆᝄࠅㄟߺ߇ߢ߈߹ߖࠎߩߢᵈᗧߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ 㧕 ౉ቇᢱ఺㒰╬Ꮧᦸ⠪ߪ㧘౉ቇᚻ⛯ᤨߦ౉ቇᢱࠍ⚊ઃߒߥ޿ߢߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ 㧕 ౉ቇᢱࠍ⚊ઃᓟ㧘౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦼ㑆ౝߦ౉ቇᚻ⛯ࠍቢੌߒߥ߆ߞߚ㧔౉ቇࠍㄉㅌߒߚ߽ߩߣߒߡขࠅᛒ
ࠊࠇࠆ㧕႐วߪ㧘ᒰ⹥౉ቇᢱࠍ㄰ㆶߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㄰ㆶߩ⺧᳞ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᣂẟᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥ
ߦᾖળߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ᝼ᬺᢱ  ᐕ㗵 ౞㧔೨ᦼಽ ౞ᓟᦼಽ ౞㧕ާ੍ቯ㗵ި  㧔ᵈ㧕 ᝼ᬺᢱߪ㧘౉ቇᓟ㧘ญᐳᒁ߈⪭ߣߒߦࠃࠅ⚊ઃߒߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  㧔ᵈ㧕 ᝼ᬺᢱߩ⚊ઃᣇᴺߩ⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘วᩰ⠪ߦ೎ㅜㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  㧔ᵈ㧕 ࿷ቇਛߦ᝼ᬺᢱᡷቯ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ႐วߦߪ㧘ᡷቯᤨ߆ࠄᣂ᝼ᬺᢱ߇ㆡ↪ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ౉ቇᢱ఺㒰╬ߦߟ޿ߡ  ਅ⸥ߩ޿ߕࠇ߆ߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆ⠪ߩ߁ߜ㧘౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦼ㑆ౝߦᚲቯߩ↳⺧ࠍⴕߞߚ⠪ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ㆬ⠨ߩ਄㧘౉ቇᢱߩో㗵෶ߪඨ㗵ࠍ఺㒰ߔࠆ೙ᐲ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ߹ߚ㧘౉ቇᢱᓽ෼₈੍㧔ᑧ⚊㧕ߩ೙ᐲ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Ԙ ⚻ᷣ⊛ℂ↱ߦࠃࠅ㧘౉ቇᢱߩ⚊ઃ߇⪺ߒߊ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠅ㧘߆ߟ㧘ቇᬺఝ⑲ߣ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ⠪ ԙ ౉ቇ೨㧝ᐕએౝߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᧄቇߦ౉ቇߔࠆ⠪ߩቇ⾗ࠍਥߣߒߡ⽶ᜂߒߡ޿ࠆ⠪㧔એਅ‫ޟ‬ቇ⾗⽶ᜂ⠪‫߁޿ߣޠ‬㧕߇ᱫ੢ߒ㧘෶ߪᧄቇߦ౉ቇߔࠆ⠪⧯ߒߊߪቇ⾗⽶ᜂ⠪߇㘑᳓ኂ╬ߩἴኂࠍฃߌߚߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘౉ቇᢱߩ⚊ઃ߇⪺ߒߊ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ⠪ Ԛ ਄⸥ߦḰߕࠆ႐วߢ޽ߞߡ㧘⋧ᒰߩ੐↱߇޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ⠪ ᝼ᬺᢱ఺㒰╬ߦߟ޿ߡ  ਅ⸥ߩ޿ߕࠇ߆ߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆ⠪ߩ߁ߜ㧘౉ቇᓟ㧘ᚲቯߩᦼ㑆ౝߦ↳⺧ࠍⴕߞߚ⠪ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ㆬ⠨ߩ਄㧘೨ᦼ࡮ᓟᦼߏߣߦ᝼ᬺᢱߩో㗵෶ߪඨ㗵ࠍ఺㒰ߔࠆ೙ᐲ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ߹ߚ㧘᝼ᬺᢱᓽ෼₈੍㧔ᑧ⚊෶ߪ᦬ഀಽ⚊㧕ߩ೙ᐲ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ԙ ⚻ᷣ⊛ℂ↱ߦࠃࠅ⚊ઃ߇࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠅ㧘߆ߟ㧘ቇᬺఝ⑲ߣ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ႐ว ԙ ᝼ᬺᢱߩᒰ⹥ᦼߩ⚊ᦼ೨  ࡩ᦬એౝ㧔ᣂ౉ቇ⠪ߦኻߔࠆ౉ቇߒߚᣣߩዻߔࠆᦼಽߩ఺㒰ߦଥࠆ႐วߪ㧘౉ቇ೨  ᐕએౝ㧕෶ߪ⚊ᦼਛߦ㧘ቇ⾗⽶ᜂ⠪߇ᱫ੢ߒ㧘෶ߪቇ↢⧯ߒߊߪቇ⾗⽶ᜂ⠪߇㘑᳓ኂ╬ߩἴኂࠍฃߌ㧘⚊ઃ߇⪺ߒߊ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ႐วԚ ਄⸥ߦḰߕࠆ႐วߢ޽ߞߡ㧘ቇ㐳߇⋧ᒰߣ⹺߼ࠆ੐↱߇޽ࠆ႐ว ᅑቇ㊄ߦߟ޿ߡ
ᣣᧄቇ↢ᡰេᯏ᭴ߦߪ㧘ቇᬺ࡮ੱ‛ߣ߽ߦఝࠇߚቇ↢ߢ⚻ᷣ⊛ℂ↱ߩߚ߼ୃቇ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ⠪ߦኻߒ㧘ᅑቇ㊄ࠍ⾉ਈߔࠆ೙ᐲ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫⾉ߩߘޕ‬ਈ᦬㗵ߪ㧘 ౞෶ߪ  ౞ߢߔ㧔╙৻⒳㧕
‫ޕ‬
ߎߩᅑቇ㊄ߪ㧘ᧄੱߩ↳⺧ߦၮߠ߈㧘ቇᬺᚑ❣㧘⎇ⓥ⢻ജ෸߮ኅᐸߩ⚻ᷣ⊛੐ᖱ╬ࠍክᩏߒ㧘ㆬ⠨ߩ਄㧘ᣣᧄቇ↢ᡰេᯏ᭴ߦផ⮈ߒ㧘᳿ቯߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬−13− 㐳ᦼጁୃቇ↢೙ᐲߎߩ೙ᐲߪ㧘␠ળੱ․೎౉⹜౉ቇ⠪╬߇⡯ᬺࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘ㅢᏱߩᮡḰୃᬺᐕ㒢㧔 ᐕ㧕ߢߩୃੌ߇࿎㔍ߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ⠪ߩߚ߼ߦᮡḰୃᬺᐕ㒢㧔 ᐕ㧕ࠍ⿥߃ߡጁୃߒ㧘ୃੌߔࠆߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߒߚ೙ᐲߢߔ‫ޕ‬  ኻ⽎⠪⡯ᬺࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪㧔Ᏹൕߦ㒢ࠆ㧕ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ୃᬺᐕ㒢㐳ᦼጁୃቇ↢ߩୃᬺᐕ㒢ߪ㧘 ᐕ෶ߪ  ᐕߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅㧘౉ቇᓟ㧔࿷ቇਛ㧕ߦୃᬺᐕ㒢ࠍᄌᦝߔࠆߎߣ߽น⢻ߢߔ߇㧘ߘߩ႐วߩㆡ↪ߪ⠉ᐕᐲ߆ࠄߣߥࠅ߹
ߔߩߢᵈᗧߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬  ↳⺧ᣇᴺ
㐳ᦼጁୃ↳⺧ᦠ෸߮ൕോవᚲዻ㐳ߩᛚ⻌ᦠࠍ౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦼ㑆ౝߦ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥ߳ឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬  ⚿ᨐㅢ⍮↳⺧⠪ߦኻߒ㧘౉ቇᚻ⛯ᓟߦ㐳ᦼጁୃߩᛚ⹺ㅢ⍮ࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ᝼ᬺᢱ
᝼ᬺᢱߩ㗵ߪ㧘‫ޟ‬࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱᣂẟᄢቇ᝼ᬺᢱߘߩઁߩ⾌↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙ⒟ߢቯ߼ࠄࠇߚ㊄㗵ᮡḰୃᬺᐕ㒢㧔 ᐕ㧕¸㐳ᦼጁୃቇ↢ߩୃᬺᐕ㒢‫▚ߢޠ‬಴ߒߚ㊄㗵㧔ᐕ㗵㧕ߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅㧘౉ቇᚻ⛯ᤨߦߪ⚊ઃߢ߈߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬̪ ▚಴଀㧔ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲ᝼ᬺᢱᐕ㗵ࠍၮߦ▚಴㧕ୃᬺᐕ㒢  ᐕߩ㐳ᦼጁୃቇ↢ߩ႐วߩ᝼ᬺᢱᐕ㗵౞ ᐕ¸ ᐕ㧩౞㧔ᐕ㗵㧕㧔ᵈ㧕 ࿷ቇਛߦ᝼ᬺᢱߩᡷቯ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ႐วߦߪ㧘ᡷቯᤨ߆ࠄᣂ᝼ᬺᢱ߇ㆡ↪ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ߘߩઁ
ਇ᣿ߥὐߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᣂẟᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥ߳໧޿วࠊߖߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮߦ↪޿ߚ୘ੱᖱႎߩขᛒ޿  ಴㗿ߦᒰߚߞߡ߅⍮ࠄߖ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ᳁ฬ㧘૑ᚲߘߩઁߩ୘ੱᖱႎߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘Ԙ౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮ㧔಴㗿ಣℂ㧘ㆬᛮታᣉ㧕㧘ԙวᩰ⊒⴫㧘Ԛ౉ቇᚻ⛯㧘ԛ౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮᣇᴺ╬ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺞ᩏ࡮⎇ⓥ㧘ಽᨆ෸߮Ԝߎࠇࠄߦઃ㓐ߔࠆᬺോࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦ೑↪ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮߦ↪޿ߚ⹜㛎ᚑ❣ߩ୘ੱᖱႎߪ㧘౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮᣇᴺ╬ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺞ᩏ࡮⎇ⓥ㧘ಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦ೑↪
ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ಴㗿ߦᒰߚߞߡ߅⍮ࠄߖ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ୘ੱᖱႎ෸߮౉⹜ᚑ❣ߪ㧘౉ቇ⠪ߩߺ౉ቇᓟߩԘᢎോ㑐ଥ㧔ቇ☋㧘ୃቇᜰዉ╬㧕㧘ԙቇ↢ᡰេ㑐ଥ㧔ஜᐽ▤ℂ㧘ᅑቇ㊄↳⺧╬㧕㧘Ԛ᝼ᬺᢱ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆᬺോࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦ೑↪ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ㧘୘ੱᖱႎߩ߁ߜ㧘วᩰ⠪ߩ᳁ฬ෸߮૑ᚲߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᧄቇߩห⓹ળ෸߮ᓟេળ߆ࠄߩㅪ⛊ࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼
ߦ೑↪ߔࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ᵈᗧ੐㗄  ಴㗿ᓟߪ㧘಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ߩ⸥タ੐㗄ߩᄌᦝߪ⹺߼߹ߖࠎ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᣢ⚊ߩᬌቯᢱ෸߮಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ߪ㧘㄰ㆶߒ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬  ߚߛߒ㧘ᬌቯᢱᝄࠅㄟߺᓟ㧘಴㗿ᦼ㑆ౝߦ಴㗿ᦠ㘃ࠍឭ಴ߒߥ߆ߞߚ႐วߪ㧘ᒰ⹥ᬌቯᢱࠍ㄰ㆶߒ߹ߔߩߢ
↳ߒ಴ߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬  ߘߩઁ಴㗿ߦ㓙ߒߡ⇼໧෶ߪਇ᣿ߩὐ߇޽ࠇ߫㧘ਅ⸥ߦ໧޿วࠊߖߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬  ᣂẟᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥ  6'.  








−14−


 ෳ⠨੐㗄  ౉ቇ⹜㛎ߦߟ޿ߡ
Ԙ౉ቇ⠪ߩㆬᛮߪ㧘 ࡍ࡯ࠫߩ‫ ޟ‬ㆬᛮᣇᴺ‫⸥ߦޠ‬タߒߡ޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇㧘‫ୃޟ‬჻ቇ૏⺰ᢥ㧔෶ߪ⎇ⓥ⚻ㆊႎ๔ᦠ㧕‫ޠ‬෸߮‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥ⸘↹‫߽ᦨ߇ޠ‬㊀ⷞߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ญㅀ⹜㛎ߢߪ㧘ડᬺౝㇱ♿ⷐ㧘ቇળߦ⊒⴫ߒߚ⺰ᢥ෸߮዁᧪ߩ⎇ⓥ⸘↹╬ߦߟ޿ߡ⹜໧ࠍߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ԙ ࡍ࡯ࠫߩ‫ ޟ‬಴㗿⾗ᩰ‫  ߩޠ‬㧘  ෶ߪ  ߦࠃࠆᔒ㗿⠪ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ࠍฃℂߔࠆ೨ߦ಴㗿⾗ᩰߩ᦭ήߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ‫౉ޟ‬ቇ⹜㛎಴㗿⾗ᩰ⹺ቯክᩏ⺞ᦠ‫ޠ‬෸߮⪺ᦠ㧘ቇⴚ⺰ᢥ╬ߩ⎇ⓥᬺ
❣ߦࠃࠅክᩏࠍߒߚ਄㧘಴㗿⾗ᩰࠍ᦭ߔࠆߣ⹺ቯߐࠇߚ⠪ߦኻߒߡ౉ቇ⹜㛎ࠍታᣉߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ⎇ⓥᜰዉ෸߮ጁୃߦߟ޿ߡԘ ⎇ⓥᜰዉߪ㧘ࠦ࡯ࠬ೙ߩ㐳ᚲࠍ↢߆ߒߡ㧘ਥᜰዉᢎຬߣ  ฬߩ೽ᜰዉᢎຬ߇ᒰߚࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ԙ ⎇ⓥ࠹࡯ࡑ෸߮⎇ⓥ႐ᚲߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߩਥ૕ᕈࠍ଻ߜߥ߇ࠄ㧘⎇ⓥߩ⛮⛯ᕈߣߘߩ⊒ዷࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ㧘ᢎ⢒߿⎇ⓥᜰዉߦᒰߚࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

−15−








Υ  ␠ળੱ․೎౉⹜

Ⅲ‫␠ޣ‬ળੱ․೎౉⹜‫ޤ‬ᧄቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߢߪ㧘ડᬺ╬ߦ࿷⡯ߒߚ߹߹౉ቇࠍᏗᦸߔࠆ␠ળੱࠍᓥ᧪߆ࠄᄙߊฃߌ౉ࠇߡ߈߹
ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕ㧘ᛛⴚ㕟ᣂߩടㅦൻ߿㧘␠ળߩ࿖㓙ൻ㧘ᖱႎൻ㧘↢ᶦቇ⠌␠ળߩㅴዷ╬ࠍ⢛᥊ߣߒߡ㧘␠ળੱߩౣᢎ
⢒ߥߤᄢቇ㒮ߦኻߔࠆⷐ⺧߇৻ጀᄙ᭽㧘߆ߟ㧘㜞ᐲߦߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ㧘ၮ␆⎇ⓥࠍਛᔃߦฦ⒳ߩቇⴚ⎇ⓥࠍផㅴߒ㧘⎇ⓥ⠪ߩ㙃ᚑߣ␠ળ߇ᦼᓙߔࠆ㜞ᐲߩኾ㐷⊛⢻ജࠍ᦭ߔࠆ
ੱ᧚㙃ᚑߩᓎഀࠍᜂ߁ᄢቇ㒮ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ␠ળ⊛࡮࿖᳃⊛㔛ⷐߦᔕ߃ࠆߎߣߪᒰὼߩ⽿ോߢߔ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⷗࿾߆ࠄ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߢߪᄢቇ㒮⸳⟎ၮḰ╙  ᧦ߦၮߠߊᢎ⢒ᣇᴺߩ․଀㧔‫ޟ‬ᄢቇ㒮ߩ⺖⒟ߦ߅޿ߡ
ߪ㧘ᢎ⢒਄․೎ߩᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ႐วߦߪ㧘ᄛ㑆ߘߩઁ․ቯߩᤨ㑆෶ߪᤨᦼߦ߅޿ߡ㧘᝼ᬺ෶ߪ⎇ⓥᜰ
ዉࠍⴕ߁╬ㆡᒰߥᣇᴺߦࠃࠅᢎ⢒ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޠ‬㧕ភ⟎ࠍዉ౉ߒ㧘ᤤᄛ㐿⻠߿ભᬺᦼ㑆ਛߦ߅ߌࠆ㓸ਛ᝼ᬺߩ㐿⻠ߥߤ㧘ᄢቇ㒮ߦ߅ߌࠆጁୃᒻᘒ߿ᢎ⢒ᣇᴺߩᒢജൻࠍ࿑ߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߘࠇߦࠃࠅ㧘⡯ᬺࠍ᦭ߔࠆ␠ળੱࠍᄢቇ㒮ߦⓍᭂ⊛ߦฃ౉ࠇ㧘㜞ᐲߥ⎇ⓥ⢻ജ࡮⍮⼂ࠍりߦߟߌࠆᯏળࠍਈ߃㧘␠ળߩᄙᣇ㕙ߢᵴべߒᓧࠆੱ᧚ࠍ㙃ᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ㧘␠ળੱ․೎౉⹜ࠍታᣉߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧝 ൐㓸ੱຬኾ ᡹ ฬ൐㓸ੱຬኾ ᡹ ฬ൐㓸ੱຬᢙ ℂ ‛ ⾰ ⑼ ቇ ኾ ᡹⧯ᐓੱ↢๮࡮㘩ᢱ⑼ቇኾ᡹

⧯ᐓੱ᧚ᢱ↢↥ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓኾ᡹⧯ᐓੱⅣ Ⴚ ⑼ ቇ ኾ ᡹⧯ᐓੱ㔚 ᳇ ᖱ ႎ Ꮏ ቇ ኾ ᡹

⧯ᐓੱ



  㧔ᵈ㧕 ಴㗿ߦ㓙ߒߡߪ㧘ᔅߕᔒᦸߔࠆࠦ࡯ࠬߩᜂᒰᢎຬ㧔 ࡍ࡯ࠫෳᾖ㧕෶ߪࠦ࡯ࠬਥછ㧔 ࡍ࡯ࠫෳᾖ㧕ߦᢎ⢒⎇ⓥౝኈ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ໧޿วࠊߖߩ਄㧘಴㗿ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧞 ಴㗿⾗ᩰฦ⒳⎇ⓥᯏ㑐㧘ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐෶ߪડᬺ╬ߦᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ⃻࿷ߢ  ᐕએ਄ൕോ⚻㛎ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߢ㧘౉ቇᓟ߽ᒁ߈⛯߈ߘߩりಽࠍ᦭ߒ㧘ൕോᚑ❣߇ఝ⑲ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᚲዻ㐳╬ߩᛚ⻌ࠍฃߌߚ⠪ߢ㧘ᰴߩ޿ߕࠇ߆ߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆ⠪ߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ୃ჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏㧔ቇᩞᢎ⢒ᴺ╙  ᧦╙  㗄ߩⷙቯߦၮߠ߈ቇ૏ⷙೣ㧔ᤘ๺  ᐕᢥㇱ⋭઎╙ ภ㧕╙  ᧦ߩ  ߦⷙቯߔࠆኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏ࠍ޿߁㧔એਅหߓ㧕㧕ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪෸߮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬߹ߢߦขᓧߔࠆ
⷗ㄟߺߩ⠪  ᄖ࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆቇ૏ࠍ᝼ਈߐࠇߚ⠪෸߮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬߹ߢߦ᝼ਈ
‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬ෳᾖ㧕ߐࠇࠆ⷗ㄟߺߩ⠪㧔  ᄖ࿖ߩቇᩞ߇ⴕ߁ㅢାᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ࠍᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡጁୃߒ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏ߦ⋧ᒰ‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬ෳᾖ㧕ߔࠆቇ૏ࠍ᝼ਈߐࠇߚ⠪෸߮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬߹ߢߦ᝼ਈߐࠇࠆ⷗ㄟߺߩ⠪㧔  ᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᄖ࿖ߩᄢቇ㒮ߩ⺖⒟ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡᒰ⹥ᄖ࿖ߩቇᩞᢎ⢒೙ᐲߦ߅޿ߡ૏⟎ઃߌࠄࠇߚᢎ⢒ᣉ⸳ߢ޽ߞߡ㧘ᢥㇱ⑼ቇᄢ⤿߇೎ߦᜰቯߔࠆ߽ߩߩᒰ⹥⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆቇ૏ࠍ᝼ਈߐࠇߚ⠪෸߮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬߹ߢߦ᝼ਈߐࠇࠆ⷗ㄟߺߩ⠪  ࿖㓙ㅪวᄢቇᧄㇱߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙ㅪวߣᣣᧄ࿖ߣߩ㑆ߩදቯߩታᣉߦ઻߁․೎ភ⟎ᴺ㧔ᤘ๺  ᐕᴺᓞ╙ ภ㧕╙  ᧦╙  㗄ߦⷙቯߔࠆ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣߩ࿖㓙ㅪว✚ળ᳿⼏ߦၮߠ߈⸳┙ߐࠇߚ࿖㓙ㅪวᄢቇ㧔એਅ‫ޟ‬࿖㓙ㅪวᄢቇ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬㧕ߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆቇ૏ࠍ᝼ਈߐࠇߚ⠪෸߮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ ᦬߹ߢߦ᝼ਈߐࠇࠆ⷗ㄟߺߩ⠪  ᄢቇࠍතᬺߒ㧘ᄢቇ㧘⎇ⓥᚲ╬ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘 ᐕએ਄⎇ⓥߦᓥ੐ߒߚ⠪ߢ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᒰ⹥⎇ⓥߩ
‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬ෳᾖ㧕ᚑᨐ╬ߦࠃࠅ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߣห╬એ਄ߩቇജ߇޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ߚ߽ߩ㧔  ᄖ࿖ߦ߅޿ߡቇᩞᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ  ᐕߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒߚᓟ㧘෶ߪᄖ࿖ߩቇᩞ߇ⴕ߁ㅢାᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ᝼ᬺ
⑼⋡ࠍᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡጁୃߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅᒰ⹥ᄖ࿖ߩቇᩞᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ  ᐕߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒߚᓟ㧘ᄢቇ㧘⎇ⓥᚲ╬ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘 ᐕએ਄⎇ⓥߦᓥ੐ߒߚ⠪ߢ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᒰ⹥⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐ╬ߦࠃࠅ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬ෳᾖ㧕૏ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߣห╬એ਄ߩቇജ߇޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ߚ߽ߩ㧔  ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘୘೎ߩ౉ቇ⾗ᩰክᩏߦࠃࠅ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߣห╬એ਄ߩቇജ
‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬ෳᾖ㧕߇޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ߚ⠪ߢ㧘ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ߹ߢߦ  ᱦߦ㆐ߔࠆ߽ߩ㧔−17− ‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޟޤ‬ᄖ࿖ߩୃ჻ߩቇ૏෸߮ኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏‫ߪޠ‬㧘ߘࠇߙࠇቇᩞᢎ⢒ᴺ╙  ᧦ߩⷙቯߦၮߠ߈᝼ਈߐࠇࠆ‫ୃޟ‬჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏‫⋧ߦޠ‬ᒰߔࠆቇ૏ߣߒߡᛒࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬೨⸥  ෶ߪ  ߩ಴㗿⾗ᩰߦࠃߞߡ಴㗿ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘ᣂẟᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥ     
㧔6'.  㧕ߦ໧޿วࠊߖߩ਄㧘หଥߩᜰ␜ߔࠆ಴㗿ᦠ㘃ߣ౒ߦ㧘㄰ା↪ኽ╴㧔㐳ᒻ  ภߩኽ╴ߦㇷଢಾᚻ  ౞ಽࠍߪࠅ㧘ᔒ㗿⠪ߩ૑ᚲ㧘᳁ฬ෸߮ㇷଢ⇟ภࠍ᣿⸥ߒߚ߽ߩ㧕ࠍឭ಴ߒ㧘੐೨ክᩏࠍฃߌߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ᦠ㘃╬ߩឭ಴ᦼ㒢෸߮੐೨ክᩏߩ⚿ᨐㅢ⍮ᣣߪ㧘ᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔ‫ޕ‬‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ᦠ ޤ‬㘃╬ߪ㧘ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߹ߢ㧔ᔅ⌕㧕ߦឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬੐೨ክᩏߩ⚿ᨐߪ㧘ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔Ἣ㧕ઃߌߢᧄੱ޽ߡㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ᦠ ޤ‬㘃╬ߪ㧘ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔㊄㧕߹ߢ㧔ᔅ⌕㧕ߦឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬੐೨ክᩏߩ⚿ᨐߪ㧘ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔᳓㧕ઃߌߢᧄੱ޽ߡㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬೨⸥  ෶ߪ  ߩ಴㗿⾗ᩰߦࠃߞߡ಴㗿ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘೎⚕ 㧔 ࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕ࠍෳᾖߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬೨⸥  ߩ಴㗿⾗ᩰߦࠃߞߡ಴㗿ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘೎⚕ 㧔 ࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕ࠍෳᾖߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧟 ಴㗿ᦼ㑆‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬  ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߆ࠄ᦬ᣣ㧔᳓㧕߹ߢ‫ᦼޣ‬㑆ౝᔅ⌕‫ޤ‬‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬  ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߆ࠄ᦬ᣣ㧔᳓㧕߹ߢ‫ᦼޣ‬㑆ౝᔅ⌕‫ޤ‬㧠 ಴㗿ᚻ⛯  ಴㗿ᣇᴺᔒ㗿⠪ߪ㧘ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩኽ╴ߦᰴߩ‫ޟ‬಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬‫ࠇ౉ࠍޠ‬㧘಴㗿ᦼ㑆ౝߦᜬෳ෶ߪㇷㅍߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬  ಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ߩឭ಴వ
‫ ޥ‬ᣂẟᏒ⷏඙੖ච፲  ߩ↸  ⇟࿾ᣂẟᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥ 6'.  
‫ޕ‬ᜬෳߩ႐ว㧦ฃઃᤨ㑆ߪ㧘 ᤨ߆ࠄ  ᤨ߹ߢߢߔ㧔࿯㨯ᣣᦐᣣߪ㧘ฃઃࠍⴕ޿߹ߖࠎ㧕ㇷଢߩ႐ว㧦ᔅߕᦠ⇐ㅦ㆐ߣߒ㧘ኽ╴ߩ⴫ߦ‫␠ޟ‬ળੱ․೎౉⹜‫ޕ޿ߐߛߊߡߒᦠᧇߣޠ‬  ಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬಴ 㗿 ᦠ 㘃 ╬Ԙ౉ ቇ 㗿
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៰            ⷐ࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕ࠍ૶↪ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ߥ߅㧘‫ޟ‬ᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇឭ಴↪㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ᚲቯᰣߦ⏕ታߦߪߞߡߊ
ߛߐ޿㧔̪ขᛒ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߩ෼⚊ශ߇᛼ශߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍᔅߕ⏕⹺ߒߡߊߛߐ޿㧕‫ޕ‬࡮౮⌀␿ߩᚲቯ▎ᚲߦ౮⌀㧔❑  ছ㧘ᮮ  ছߩ਄ඨり࡮ήᏲ࡮ᱜ㕙ะ߈ߢ㧘಴㗿೨  ߆᦬એౝߦ᠟ᓇߒߚ߽ߩ㧕ࠍߪߞߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ฃ㛎ᤨߦ⌒㏜ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘⌒㏜ࠍ߆ߌߡ᠟ᓇߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ԙୃ჻㧔ኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏㧕⺖⒟
࡮ୃ჻㧔ኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏㧕⺖⒟ୃੌ㧔⷗ㄟߺ㧕⸽᣿ᦠߪ㧘಴り㧔࿷☋㧕ᄢቇ㒮ߩୃੌ ⷗ㄟߺ ⸽᣿ᦠ⎇ⓥ⑼㐳㧔෶ߪቇ㐳㧕߇૞ᚑߒߚ߽ߩࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬      ෶ߪ࡮ୃੌ㧔⷗ㄟߺ㧕⸽᣿ᦠߦขᓧቇ૏߇⸥タߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿႐วߪ㧘ቇ૏᝼ਈ㧔⷗ୃ჻ቇ૏ขᓧ ⷗ㄟߺ ⸽᣿ᦠ ㄟߺ㧕⸽᣿ᦠࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬Ԛቇᬺᚑ❣⸽᣿ᦠ࡮಴り㧔࿷☋㧕ᄢቇ㒮ߩ⎇ⓥ⑼㐳㧔෶ߪቇ㐳㧕߇૞ᚑ㧔෩ኽ㧕ߒߚ߽ߩࠍឭ
಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬−18−ԛᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠ

࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩ‫ޟ‬ᝄㄟଐ㗬ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟౉ቇ⹜㛎ᬌቯᢱ㧕
࡮ᝄㄟ㊄෸߮ᚻᢙᢱ㗔෼ᦠ㧔ᔒ㗿⠪଻ሽ㧕࡮ᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽
᣿ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇឭ಴↪㧕‫ߦޠ‬ᔅⷐ੐㗄ࠍ⸥౉ߒ㧘એਅߩὐߦ⇐ᗧߩ߁߃㧘ಾࠅ㔌ߐߕߦᦨነࠅߩ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐㧔ࠁ߁ߜࠂ㌁ⴕ෸߮ㇷଢዪࠍ㒰ߊ㧕ߦᜬෳߒ㧘⓹ญߢᬌቯᢱ  ౞ࠍᝄࠅㄟࠎߢߊߛߐ޿‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ㧘౉ቇ㗿ᦠߩᚲቯᰣߦᬌ
ቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇឭ಴↪㧕ࠍߪߞߡឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ߥ߅㧘ᝄㄟᚻᢙᢱߪ㧘ᔒ㗿⠪ᧄੱߩ⽶ᜂߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ԙଐ㗬ੱ᳁ฬᰣߪ㧘ᔅߕᔒ㗿⠪ᧄੱߩ᳁ฬࠍ⸥౉ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ԙᬌቯᢱߩᝄࠅㄟߺߪ㧘ਅ⸥ߩᦼ㑆ౝߦᔅߕⴕߞߡߊߛߐ޿㧔̪࿯࡮ᣣᦐ
ᣣ㧘␸ᣣߩᝄࠅㄟߺߪߢ߈߹ߖࠎ㧕‫ޕ‬‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߆ࠄ᦬ᣣ㧔᳓㧕ާᤨި߹ߢ
‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߆ࠄᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔᳓㧕ާᤨި߹ߢ Ԛ㧭㨀㧹㧔⃻㊄⥄േ㗍ᛄᯏ㧕ߢߩᝄࠅㄟߺߪߢ߈߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬Ԝୃ჻ቇ૏⺰ᢥ╬࡮ୃ჻ߩቇ૏ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘ୃ჻ቇ૏⺰ᢥߩ౮ߒ෶ߪߘߩ⺰ᢥⷐᣦ  ሼ⒟ᐲߢ૞ᚑߩߎߣ ࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ୃ჻⺖⒟ୃੌ⷗ㄟ⠪ߢୃ჻ቇ૏⺰ᢥࠍឭ಴ߢ߈ߥ޿႐วߪ㧘ୃ჻⺖⒟ߦ߅
ߌࠆ⎇ⓥ⁁ᴫ╬ࠍ⹦⚦ߦ⸥タߒߚ⎇ⓥ⚻ㆊႎ๔ᦠ㧔ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕㧕ࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ԝ⎇ⓥ⸘↹ᦠ࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕ࠍ૶↪ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮౉ቇᓟߩቇୃ෸߮⎇ⓥ⸘↹ߩ੍ቯߦߟ޿ߡ⸥ㅀߒ㧘૞ᚑߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬Ԟᛚ⻌ᦠ

࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕ࠍ૶↪ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ൕോవᚲዻ㐳ߩ૞ᚑߒߚᛚ⻌ᦠࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ԟ࿷⡯ᦼ㑆╬⸽᣿ᦠ࡮࿷⡯ᦼ㑆෸߮⡯⒳ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ൕോవᚲዻ㐳ߩ૞ᚑߒߚ⸽᣿ᦠࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊ
ߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬Ԡࡄࠬࡐ࡯࠻ߩ౮ߒ෶ߪ࿷⇐ ࡮ᄖ࿖☋ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘ࡄࠬࡐ࡯࠻ߩ౮ߒ㧔㗻౮⌀ࡍ࡯ࠫ෸߮࿷⇐⾗ᩰ߇⸥ࠞ࡯࠼ߩ౮ߒタߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕෶ߪ࿷⇐ࠞ࡯࠼ߩ౮ߒ㧔⴫ⵣਔ㕙㧕ࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ
‫⹥ޣ‬ᒰ⠪ߩߺឭ಴‫ޤ‬޿‫ޕ‬ԡ㄰ା↪ኽ╴‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬ ᨎ૞ᚑ
࡮ฃ㛎␿࿷ਛ 㐳ᒻ  ภ ࡮วᩰㅢ⍮ᦠ࿷ਛ 㐳ᒻ  ภ ࡮౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦠ㘃࿷ਛ ⷺᒻ  ภ ‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬ ᨎ૞ᚑ
࡮ฃ㛎␿࿷ਛ 㐳ᒻ  ภ ࡮౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦠ㘃࿷ਛ ⷺᒻ  ภ ࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩ㄰ା↪ኽ╴ࠍ૶↪ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ኽ╴ߦߪ㧘ᔒ㗿⠪ߩ૑ᚲ㧘᳁ฬ෸߮ㇷଢ⇟ภࠍ⸥౉ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ฃ㛎␿࿷ਛ 㐳ᒻ  ภ ߦߪ㧘ㇷଢಾᚻ  ౞ಽࠍߪߞߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮วᩰㅢ⍮ᦠ࿷ਛ㧔㐳ᒻ  ภ㧕෸߮౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦠ㘃࿷ਛ ⷺᒻ  ภ ߦߪ㧘ㇷଢಾᚻࠍߪࠆᔅⷐߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬̪ォዬ╬ߢฃ㛎␿߿วᩰㅢ⍮ᦠ߇ᧂ⌕ߣߥࠆߎߣ߇ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦᄌᦝ߇޽ߞ
ߚ႐วߪ㧘ㅦ߿߆ߦ಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ឭ಴వߦ↳ߒ಴ߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㨇ᵈ㨉   ಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ߦਇ஻߇޽ࠆ႐วߦߪ㧘ฃℂߒߥ޿ߎߣ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ⧷⺆એᄖߩᄖ࿖⺆ߢ૞ᚑߐࠇߚᦠ㘃╬ߦߪ㧘ᣣᧄ⺆⸶ࠍᔅߕᷝઃߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬  ஜᐽ⸻ᢿᦠߩឭ಴ࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿߹ߖࠎߩߢ㧘╩⸥⹜㛎෸߮ญㅀ⹜㛎ߩฃ㛎෸߮ୃቇ਄ߩ㈩ᘦࠍᔅⷐߣߔ
ࠆᔒ㗿⠪ߪ㧘಴㗿೨ߦ↳ߒ಴ߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬  ಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮߦ߅޿ߡᔅⷐߥߚ߼ឭ಴޿ߚߛߊ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߎࠇߦࠃߞߡᓧߚᖱႎࠍ㧘⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱ╬ߩ଻᦭ߔࠆ୘ੱᖱႎߩ଻⼔ߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺᓞ╙  ᧦ߦⷙቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ႐ว
ࠍ㒰߈㧘಴㗿⠪ᧄੱߩหᗧࠍᓧࠆߎߣߥߊઁߩ⋡⊛ߢ૶↪෶ߪ╙ਃ⠪ߦឭଏߔࠆߎߣߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬㧡 ㆬᛮᣇᴺ ࡮౉ቇ⠪ߩㆬᛮߪ㧘ቇജᬌᩏ㧔ญㅀ⹜㛎㧕෸߮಴㗿ᦠ㘃ࠍ✚วߒߡⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ቇജᬌᩏ㧔ญㅀ⹜㛎㧕ߪ㧘‫ୃޟ‬჻ቇ૏⺰ᢥ㧔෶ߪ⎇ⓥ⚻ㆊႎ๔ᦠ㧕‫ޠ‬෸߮‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥ⸘↹ᦠ‫ࠍޠ‬ਛᔃߦⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬−19−㧢 ቇജᬌᩏᦼᣣ෸߮ᤨ㑆‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ ޤ‬ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔᦬㧕߆ࠄ᦬ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߹ߢߩ㑆ߩᧄቇ߇ᜰቯߔࠆᣣ
⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ฃ㛎␿ㅍઃߩ㓙ߦㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬̪ቇജᬌᩏᦼᣣߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᔒᦸߔࠆࠦ࡯ࠬߩᜂᒰᢎຬ㧔 ࡍ࡯ࠫෳᾖ㧕෶ߪࠦ࡯ࠬਥછ㧔 ࡍ࡯ࠫෳᾖ㧕ߦᾖળߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ ޤ‬ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔㊄㧕߆ࠄ᦬ᣣ㧔᳓㧕߹ߢߩ㑆ߩᧄቇ߇ᜰቯߔࠆᣣ㧔࿯㧘ᣣࠍ㒰ߊ㧕⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ฃ㛎␿ㅍઃߩ㓙ߦㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬̪ቇജᬌᩏᦼᣣߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᔒᦸߔࠆࠦ࡯ࠬߩᜂᒰᢎຬ㧔 ࡍ࡯ࠫෳᾖ㧕෶ߪࠦ࡯ࠬਥછ㧔 ࡍ࡯ࠫෳᾖ㧕ߦᾖળߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧣 ⹜㛎႐  ᣂẟᄢቇ੖ච፲ࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬ㧔ᣂẟᏒ⷏඙੖ච፲  ߩ↸  ⇟࿾㧕  ߥ߅㧘⹜㛎႐㧔⹜㛎ቶ㧕ߩ⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ฃ㛎␿ㅍઃߩ㓙ߦᜰ␜ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ฃ㛎␿ߩㅍઃ੍ቯᣣߪ㧘ᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔ‫ޕ‬  ‫  ╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ ޤ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕  ‫  ╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ ޤ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕㧤 วᩰ⊒⴫  ‫  ╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ ޤ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔᳓㧕ඦ೨  ᤨ  ‫  ╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ ޤ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕ඦ೨  ᤨᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᱜ㕙₵㑐ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘วᩰ⠪ߩฃ㛎⇟ภࠍឝ␜ߦࠃࠅ⊒⴫ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘วᩰ⠪ߦߪวᩰㅢ⍮ᦠࠍㅍઃߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ㧘วᩰ⊒⴫ᒰᣣߩ  ᤨ㗃ߦᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫߦ߽วᩰ⠪ߩฃ㛎⇟ภࠍឝタߒ߹ߔ㧔JVVRYYYIUPKKICVCWCELR㧕‫ޕ‬  ߥ߅㧘วุߦ㑐ߒߡߩ㔚⹤╬ߦࠃࠆ໧޿วࠊߖߦߪ㧘৻ಾᔕߓ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬㧥 ౉ቇᚻ⛯  ౉ቇᚻ⛯ߩ᭎ⷐߪ㧘ᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔ‫ߪߡ޿ߟߦ⚦⹦ޕ‬㧘วᩰ⠪ߦ೎ㅜㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦼ㑆  ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔㊄㧕෸߮᦬ᣣ㧔᦬㧕  ౉ቇߦⷐߔࠆ⚻⾌౉ቇᢱ   ౞㧔੍ቯ㗵㧕㧔ᵈ㧝㧕౉ቇᢱᡷቯ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ႐วߦߪ㧘ᡷቯᤨ߆ࠄᣂ౉ቇᢱ߇ㆡ↪ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ㧞㧕౉ቇᢱࠍ⃻㊄ߢᝄࠅㄟ߻႐วߦߪ㧘㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߩ⓹ญߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᝄࠅㄟߺࠍⴕ߁⠪ߩᧄੱ⏕⹺ᦠ㘃㧔ㆇォ఺⸵⸽㧘ஜᐽ଻㒾⸽㧘ࡄࠬࡐ࡯࠻╬㧕ߩឭ␜߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᧄੱ⏕⹺ᦠ㘃ߩឭ␜߇ή޿႐วߦߪ㧘⃻㊄ߦࠃࠆᝄࠅㄟߺ߇ߢ߈߹ߖࠎߩߢᵈᗧߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ㧟㧕౉ቇᢱ఺㒰╬Ꮧᦸ⠪ߪ㧘౉ቇᚻ⛯ᤨߦ౉ቇᢱࠍ⚊ઃߒߥ޿ߢߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ㧠㧕౉ቇᢱࠍ⚊ઃᓟ㧘౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦼ㑆ౝߦ౉ቇᚻ⛯ࠍቢੌߒߥ߆ߞߚ㧔౉ቇࠍㄉㅌߒߚ߽ߩߣߒߡข
ࠅᛒࠊࠇࠆ㧕႐วߪ㧘ᒰ⹥౉ቇᢱࠍ㄰ㆶߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㄰ㆶߩ⺧᳞ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᣂẟᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥߦᾖળߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ᝼ᬺᢱ  ᐕ㗵  ౞㧔೨ᦼಽ  ౞ ᓟᦼಽ  ౞㧕ާ੍ቯ㗵ި
㧔ᵈ㧝㧕᝼ᬺᢱߪ㧘౉ቇᓟ㧘ญᐳᒁ߈⪭ߣߒߦࠃࠅ⚊ઃߒߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ㧞㧕᝼ᬺᢱߩ⚊ઃᣇᴺߩ⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘วᩰ⠪ߦ೎ㅜㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ㧟㧕࿷ቇਛߦ᝼ᬺᢱᡷቯ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ႐วߦߪ㧘ᡷቯᤨ߆ࠄᣂ᝼ᬺᢱ߇ㆡ↪ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

−20− 㐳ᦼጁୃቇ↢೙ᐲߎߩ೙ᐲߪ㧘␠ળੱ․೎౉⹜౉ቇ⠪╬߇⡯ᬺࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘ㅢᏱߩᮡḰୃᬺᐕ㒢㧔 ᐕ㧕ߢߩୃੌ߇࿎
㔍ߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ⠪ߩߚ߼ߦᮡḰୃᬺᐕ㒢㧔 ᐕ㧕ࠍ⿥߃ߡጁୃߒ㧘ୃੌߔࠆߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߒߚ೙ᐲߢߔ‫ޕ‬  ኻ⽎⠪⡯ᬺࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪㧔Ᏹൕߦ㒢ࠆ㧕ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ୃᬺᐕ㒢㐳ᦼጁୃቇ↢ߩୃᬺᐕ㒢ߪ㧘 ᐕ෶ߪ  ᐕߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅㧘౉ቇᓟ㧔࿷ቇਛ㧕ߦୃᬺᐕ㒢ࠍᄌᦝߔࠆߎߣ߽น⢻ߢߔ߇㧘ߘߩ႐วߩㆡ↪ߪ⠉ᐕᐲ߆ࠄߣߥࠅ߹
ߔߩߢᵈᗧߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬  ↳⺧ᣇᴺ
㐳ᦼጁୃ↳⺧ᦠ෸߮ൕോవᚲዻ㐳ߩᛚ⻌ᦠࠍ౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦼ㑆ౝߦ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥ߳ឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬  ⚿ᨐㅢ⍮↳⺧⠪ߦኻߒ㧘౉ቇᚻ⛯ᓟߦ㐳ᦼጁୃߩᛚ⹺ㅢ⍮ࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ᝼ᬺᢱ
᝼ᬺᢱߩ㗵ߪ㧘‫ޟ‬࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱᣂẟᄢቇ᝼ᬺᢱߘߩઁߩ⾌↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙ⒟ߢቯ߼ࠄࠇߚ㊄㗵ᮡḰୃᬺᐕ㒢㧔 ᐕ㧕¸㐳ᦼጁୃቇ↢ߩୃᬺᐕ㒢‫▚ߢޠ‬಴ߒߚ㊄㗵㧔ᐕ㗵㧕ߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅㧘౉ቇᚻ⛯ᤨߦߪ⚊ઃߢ߈߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬̪ ▚಴଀㧔ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲ᝼ᬺᢱᐕ㗵ࠍၮߦ▚಴ ୃᬺᐕ㒢  ᐕߩ㐳ᦼጁୃቇ↢ߩ႐วߩ᝼ᬺᢱᐕ㗵 ౞ ᐕ¸ ᐕ㧩 ౞㧔ᐕ㗵㧕㧔ᵈ㧕 ࿷ቇਛߦ᝼ᬺᢱߩᡷቯ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ႐วߦߪ㧘ᡷቯᤨ߆ࠄᣂ᝼ᬺᢱ߇ㆡ↪ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ߘߩઁ
ਇ᣿ߥὐߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᣂẟᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥ߳໧޿วࠊߖߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮߦ↪޿ߚ୘ੱᖱႎߩขᛒ޿  ಴㗿ߦᒰߚߞߡ߅⍮ࠄߖ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ᳁ฬ㧘૑ᚲߘߩઁߩ୘ੱᖱႎߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘Ԙ౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮ㧔಴㗿ಣℂ㧘ㆬᛮታᣉ㧕㧘ԙวᩰ⊒⴫㧘Ԛ౉ቇᚻ⛯㧘ԛ౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮᣇᴺ╬ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺞ᩏ࡮⎇ⓥ㧘ಽᨆ෸߮Ԝߎࠇࠄߦઃ㓐ߔࠆᬺോࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦ೑↪ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮߦ↪޿ߚ⹜㛎ᚑ❣ߩ୘ੱᖱႎߪ㧘౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮᣇᴺ╬ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺞ᩏ࡮⎇ⓥ㧘ಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦ೑
↪ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ಴㗿ߦᒰߚߞߡ߅⍮ࠄߖ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ୘ੱᖱႎ෸߮౉⹜ᚑ❣ߪ㧘౉ቇ⠪ߩߺ౉ቇᓟߩԘᢎോ㑐ଥ㧔ቇ☋㧘ୃቇᜰዉ╬㧕㧘ԙቇ↢ᡰេ㑐ଥ㧔ஜᐽ▤ℂ㧘ᅑቇ㊄↳⺧╬㧕㧘Ԛ᝼ᬺᢱ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆᬺോࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦ೑↪ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ㧘୘ੱᖱႎߩ߁ߜ㧘วᩰ⠪ߩ᳁ฬ෸߮૑ᚲߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᧄቇߩห⓹ળ෸߮ᓟេળ߆ࠄߩㅪ⛊ࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦ೑↪ߔࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫  ޕ‬ ᵈᗧ੐㗄  ಴㗿ᓟߪ㧘಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ߩ⸥タ੐㗄ߩᄌᦝߪ⹺߼߹ߖࠎ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᣢ⚊ߩᬌቯᢱ෸߮಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ߪ㧘㄰ㆶߒ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬
ߚߛߒ㧘ᬌቯᢱᝄࠅㄟߺᓟ㧘಴㗿ᦼ㑆ౝߦ಴㗿ᦠ㘃ࠍឭ಴ߒߥ߆ߞߚ႐วߪ㧘ᒰ⹥ᬌቯᢱࠍ㄰ㆶߒ߹ߔߩ
ߢ↳ߒ಴ߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬  ߘߩઁ಴㗿ߦ㓙ߒߡ⇼໧෶ߪਇ᣿ߩὐ߇޽ࠇ߫㧘ਅ⸥ߦ໧޿วࠊߖߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ᣂẟᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥ 6'.  


−21− ෳ⠨੐㗄  ౉ቇ⹜㛎ߦߟ޿ߡ
Ԙ౉ቇ⠪ߩㆬᛮߪ㧘 ࡍ࡯ࠫߩ‫ ޟ‬ㆬᛮᣇᴺ‫⸥ߦޠ‬タߒߡ޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇㧘‫ୃޟ‬჻ቇ૏⺰ᢥ㧔෶ߪ⎇ⓥ⚻ㆊႎ๔ᦠ㧕‫ޠ‬෸߮‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥ⸘↹‫߽ᦨ߇ޠ‬㊀ⷞߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ญㅀ⹜㛎ߢߪ㧘ડᬺౝㇱ♿ⷐ㧘ቇળߦ⊒⴫ߒߚ⺰ᢥ෸߮዁᧪ߩ⎇ⓥ⸘↹╬ߦߟ޿ߡ⹜໧ࠍߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ԙ ࡍ࡯ࠫߩ‫ ޟ‬಴㗿⾗ᩰ‫  ߩޠ‬㧘  ෶ߪ  ߦࠃࠆᔒ㗿⠪ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ࠍฃℂߔࠆ೨ߦ಴㗿⾗ᩰߩ᦭ήߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ‫౉ޟ‬ቇ⹜㛎಴㗿⾗ᩰ⹺ቯክᩏ⺞ᦠ‫ޠ‬෸߮⪺ᦠ㧘ቇⴚ⺰ᢥ╬ߩ⎇ⓥᬺ❣ߦࠃࠅክᩏࠍߒߚ਄㧘಴㗿⾗ᩰࠍ᦭ߔࠆߣ⹺ቯߐࠇߚ⠪ߦኻߒߡ౉ቇ⹜㛎ࠍታᣉߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ␠ળੱߩዞቇ⁁ᴫ෸߮ጁୃߦߟ޿ߡ
Ԙᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦߪ㧘⃻࿷⚂  ੱߩ␠ળੱ߇࿷ቇߒߡ޿߹ߔ߇㧘ᄢㇱಽ߇ᄢቇ㒮⸳⟎ၮḰ╙  ᧦ߩ‫ޟ‬ᢎ⢒ᣇᴺߩ․଀‫ߩޠ‬ㆡ↪ࠍฃߌߡዞቇߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ԙ⎇ⓥᜰዉߪ㧘ࠦ࡯ࠬ೙ߩ㐳ᚲࠍ↢߆ߒߡ㧘ਥᜰዉᢎຬߣ  ฬߩ೽ᜰዉᢎຬ߇ᒰߚࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ԛ⎇ⓥ࠹࡯ࡑ෸߮⎇ⓥ႐ᚲߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߩਥ૕ᕈࠍ଻ߜߥ߇ࠄ㧘⎇ⓥߩ⛮⛯ᕈߣߘߩ⊒ዷࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ㧘ᢎ⢒߿⎇ⓥᜰዉߦᒰߚࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ᢎ⢒ᣇᴺߩ․଀ߦࠃࠆጁୃᣇᴺ࡮᝼ᬺߩታᣉᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡ
․଀ភ⟎ߩㆡ↪ࠍᏗᦸߔࠆ⠪ߦኻߒߡߪ㧘ㅢᏱߩᤨ㑆Ꮺߩ߶߆ߦ㧘․଀ߦࠃࠆ᝼ᬺᤨ㑆Ꮺࠍ⸳ߌ㧘ጁୃߩଢࠍ࿑ߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߚߣ߃߫㧘ጁୃࠦ࡯ࠬߩ଀ߣߒߡ㧘ᰴߩԘ෸߮ԙ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ԙඨᐕ㑆ᤤ㑆ࠦ࡯ࠬ ᐕ㑆ߩ߁ߜඨᐕ㑆ߪ㧘ᤤ㑆ߩࠦ࡯ࠬߣ․଀ភ⟎ߦࠃࠆᤨ㑆ᄖߩࠦ࡯ࠬ߆ࠄᔅⷐ᝼ᬺࠍㆬᛯߒ㧘ᱷࠅߩ ᐕ㑆ߪ㧘ේೣߣߒߡᄛ㑆ߥߤᤨ㑆ᄖߦ⸳ߌࠄࠇߚ᝼ᬺࠍㆬᛯߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ԙోᤨ㑆ᄖࠦ࡯ࠬ
ᄛ㑆ߥߤ㧘ㅢᏱߩൕോᤨ㑆એᄖߩᤨ㑆Ꮺߦ߅ߌࠆጁୃࠍේೣߣߒ߹ߔ߇㧘ൕോᒻᘒߦࠃߞߡߪ㧘ᤤ㑆ߩᤨ㑆Ꮺߢ߽ጁୃߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬਄⸥ߩࠦ࡯ࠬ೎ߦ߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘ൕോ࿾ߩ㑐ଥߢᄛ㑆ߥߤㅢᏱߩൕോᤨ㑆ᄖߩጁୃ߇࿎㔍ߥ႐วߦߪ㧘ㅳᧃ෶ߪᄐᦼ╬ߩભᬺᦼ㑆ߦ㓸ਛ⻠⟵ࠍฃ⻠ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘න૏ࠍୃᓧߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

−22−








Φ  ᄖ࿖ੱ⇐ቇ↢․೎౉⹜

Ⅳ‫ޣ‬ᄖ࿖ੱ⇐ቇ↢․೎౉⹜‫ޤ‬㧝 ൐㓸ੱຬኾ ᡹ ฬ൐㓸ੱຬኾ ᡹ ฬ൐㓸ੱຬᢙ ℂ ‛ ⾰ ⑼ ቇ ኾ ᡹⧯ᐓੱ↢ ๮ ࡮ 㘩 ᢱ ⑼ ቇ ኾ ᡹⧯ᐓੱ᧚ᢱ↢↥ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓኾ᡹⧯ᐓੱⅣ Ⴚ ⑼ ቇ ኾ ᡹⧯ᐓੱ㔚 ᳇ ᖱ ႎ Ꮏ ቇ ኾ ᡹

⧯ᐓੱ



㧔ᵈ㧕಴㗿ߦ㓙ߒߡߪ㧘ᔅߕᔒᦸߔࠆࠦ࡯ࠬߩᜂᒰᢎຬ㧔 ࡍ࡯ࠫෳᾖ㧕߹ߚߪࠦ࡯ࠬਥછ㧔 ࡍ࡯ࠫෳᾖ㧕ߦᢎ⢒⎇ⓥౝኈ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ໧޿วࠊߖߩ਄㧘಴㗿ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧞 ಴㗿⾗ᩰᄖ࿖ੱ⇐ቇ↢ߣߒߡᔒ㗿ߔࠆ⠪ߢ㧘ᰴߩ޿ߕࠇ߆ߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆ⠪ߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ୃ჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏㧔ቇᩞᢎ⢒ᴺ╙  ᧦╙㧝㗄ߩⷙቯߦၮߠ߈ቇ૏ⷙೣ㧔ᤘ๺  ᐕᢥㇱ⋭઎╙ ภ㧕╙  ᧦ߩ  ߦⷙቯߔࠆኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏ࠍ޿߁㧔એਅหߓ㧕㧕ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪෸߮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧔 ᐕ㧕 ᦬߹ߢߦข
ᓧߔࠆ⷗ㄟߺߩ⠪ ᄖ࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆቇ૏ࠍ᝼ਈߐࠇߚ⠪෸߮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧔 ᐕ㧕 ᦬߹ߢ‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬ෳᾖ㧕ߦ᝼ਈߐࠇࠆ⷗ㄟߺߩ⠪㧔 ᄖ࿖ߩቇᩞ߇ⴕ߁ㅢାᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ࠍᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡጁୃߒ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆቇ૏ࠍ᝼ਈߐࠇߚ⠪෸߮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧔 ᐕ㧕 ᦬߹ߢߦ᝼ਈߐࠇࠆ⷗ㄟߺߩ⠪㧔‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬ෳᾖ㧕 ᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᄖ࿖ߩᄢቇ㒮ߩ⺖⒟ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡᒰ⹥ᄖ࿖ߩቇᩞᢎ⢒೙ᐲߦ߅޿ߡ૏⟎ઃߌࠄࠇߚ
ᢎ⢒ᣉ⸳ߢ޽ߞߡ㧘ᢥㇱ⑼ቇᄢ⤿߇೎ߦᜰቯߔࠆ߽ߩߩᒰ⹥⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆቇ૏ࠍ᝼ਈߐࠇߚ⠪෸߮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧔 ᐕ㧕 ᦬߹ߢߦ᝼ਈߐࠇࠆ⷗ㄟߺߩ⠪  ࿖㓙ㅪวᄢቇᧄㇱߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙ㅪวߣᣣᧄ࿖ߣߩ㑆ߩදቯߩታᣉߦ઻߁․೎ភ⟎ᴺ㧔ᤘ๺  ᐕᴺᓞ╙ ภ㧕╙  ᧦╙  㗄ߦⷙቯߔࠆ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣߩ࿖㓙ㅪว✚ળ᳿⼏ߦၮߠ߈⸳┙ߐࠇߚ࿖㓙ㅪวᄢቇ㧔એਅ‫ޟ‬࿖㓙ㅪวᄢቇ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬㧕ߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆቇ૏ࠍ᝼ਈߐࠇߚ⠪෸߮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧔 ᐕ㧕᦬߹ߢߦ᝼ਈߐࠇࠆ⷗ㄟߺߩ⠪ ᄢቇࠍතᬺߒ㧘ᄢቇ㧘⎇ⓥᚲ╬ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘 ᐕએ਄⎇ⓥߦᓥ੐ߒߚ⠪ߢ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᒰ⹥⎇ⓥߩᚑ
‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬ෳᾖ㧕ᨐ╬ߦࠃࠅ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߣห╬એ਄ߩቇജ߇޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ߚ߽ߩ㧔 ᄖ࿖ߦ߅޿ߡቇᩞᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ  ᐕߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒߚᓟ㧘෶ߪᄖ࿖ߩቇᩞ߇ⴕ߁ㅢାᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ࠍᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡጁୃߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅᒰ⹥ᄖ࿖ߩቇᩞᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ  ᐕߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒߚᓟ㧘ᄢቇ㧘⎇ⓥᚲ
╬ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘 ᐕએ਄⎇ⓥߦᓥ੐ߒߚ⠪ߢ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᒰ⹥⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐ╬ߦࠃࠅ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏ࠍ᦭ߔ
‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬ෳᾖ㧕ࠆ⠪ߣห╬એ਄ߩቇജ߇޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ߚ߽ߩ㧔 ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘୘೎ߩ౉ቇ⾗ᩰክᩏߦࠃࠅ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߣห╬એ਄ߩቇജ߇
‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬ෳᾖ㧕޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ߚ⠪ߢ㧘ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧔 ᐕ㧕 ᦬  ᣣ߹ߢߦ  ᱦߦ㆐ߔࠆ߽ߩ㧔‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޟޤ‬ᄖ࿖ߩୃ჻ߩቇ૏෸߮ኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏‫ߪޠ‬㧘ߘࠇߙࠇቇᩞᢎ⢒ᴺ╙  ᧦ߩⷙቯߦၮߠ߈᝼ਈߐࠇࠆ‫ୃޟ‬჻ߩቇ૏෶ߪኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏‫⋧ߦޠ‬ᒰߔࠆቇ૏ߣߒߡᛒࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬೨⸥  ෶ߪ  ߩ಴㗿⾗ᩰߦࠃߞߡ಴㗿ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘ᣂẟᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥ
㧔6'.  㧕ߦ໧޿วࠊߖߩ਄㧘หଥߩᜰ␜ߔࠆ಴㗿ᦠ㘃ߣ౒ߦ㧘㄰ା↪ኽ╴㧔㐳ᒻ  ภߩኽ╴ߦㇷଢಾᚻ  ౞ಽࠍߪࠅ㧘ᔒ㗿⠪ߩ૑ᚲ㧘᳁ฬ෸߮ㇷଢ⇟ภࠍ᣿⸥ߒߚ߽ߩ㧕ࠍឭ಴ߒ㧘੐೨ክᩏࠍฃߌߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ᦠ㘃╬ߩឭ಴ᦼ㒢෸߮੐೨ክᩏߩ⚿ᨐㅢ⍮ᣣߪ㧘ᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔ‫ޕ‬‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ᦠ ޤ‬㘃╬ߪ㧘ᐔᚑᐕ㧔ᐕ㧕᦬ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߹ߢ㧔ᔅ⌕㧕ߦឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬੐೨ክᩏߩ⚿ᨐߪ㧘ᐔᚑᐕ㧔ᐕ㧕᦬ᣣ㧔Ἣ㧕ઃߌߢᧄੱ޽ߡㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ᦠ ޤ‬㘃╬ߪ㧘ᐔᚑᐕ㧔ᐕ㧕᦬ᣣ㧔㊄㧕߹ߢ㧔ᔅ⌕㧕ߦឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬੐೨ክᩏߩ⚿ᨐߪ㧘ᐔᚑᐕ㧔ᐕ㧕᦬ᣣ㧔᳓㧕ઃߌߢᧄੱ޽ߡㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬೨⸥  ෶ߪ  ߩ಴㗿⾗ᩰߦࠃߞߡ಴㗿ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘೎⚕㧝  ࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕ࠍෳᾖߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬‫ޣ‬ᵈ ‫ޤ‬೨⸥  ߩ಴㗿⾗ᩰߦࠃߞߡ಴㗿ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘೎⚕ 㧔 ࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕ࠍෳᾖߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬−23−㧟 ಴㗿ᦼ㑆‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬  ᐔᚑᐕ㧔ᐕ㧕᦬ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߆ࠄ᦬ᣣ㧔᳓㧕߹ߢ‫ᦼޣ‬㑆ౝᔅ⌕‫ޤ‬‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬  ᐔᚑᐕ㧔ᐕ㧕᦬ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߆ࠄ᦬ᣣ㧔᳓㧕߹ߢ‫ᦼޣ‬㑆ౝᔅ⌕‫ޤ‬㧠 ಴㗿ᚻ⛯ ಴㗿ᣇᴺ
ᔒ㗿⠪ߪ㧘ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩኽ╴ߦᰴߩ‫ޟ‬಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬‫ࠇ౉ࠍޠ‬㧘಴㗿ᦼ㑆ౝߦᜬෳ෶ߪㇷㅍߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ߩឭ಴వ
‫ ޥ‬ᣂẟᏒ⷏඙੖ච፲  ߩ↸  ⇟࿾ᣂẟᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥ 6'.  
ᜬෳߩ႐ว㧦ฃઃᤨ㑆ߪ㧘 ᤨ߆ࠄ  ᤨ߹ߢߢߔ㧔࿯㨯ᣣᦐᣣߪ㧘ฃઃࠍⴕ޿߹ߖࠎ㧕‫ޕ‬ㇷଢߩ႐ว㧦ᔅߕᦠ⇐ㅦ㆐ߣߒ㧘ኽ╴ߩ⴫ߦ‫ޟ‬ᄖ࿖ੱ⇐ቇ↢․೎౉⹜‫ޕ޿ߐߛߊߡߒᦠᧇߣޠ‬ ಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬Ԙ౉ ቇ 㗿
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៰            ⷐ࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕ࠍ૶↪ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ߥ߅㧘‫ޟ‬ᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇឭ಴↪㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ᚲቯᰣߦ⏕ታߦߪߞߡߊߛߐ
޿㧔̪ขᛒ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߩ෼⚊ශ߇᛼ශߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍᔅߕ⏕⹺ߒߡߊߛߐ޿㧕‫ޕ‬࡮౮⌀␿ߩᚲቯ▎ᚲߦ౮⌀㧔❑  ছ㧘ᮮ  ছߩ਄ඨり࡮ήᏲ࡮ᱜ㕙ะ߈ߢ㧘಴㗿೨  ߆᦬એౝߦ᠟ᓇߒߚ߽ߩ㧕ࠍߪߞߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ฃ㛎ᤨߦ⌒㏜ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘⌒㏜ࠍ߆ߌߡ᠟ᓇߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ԙୃ჻㧔ኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏㧕⺖⒟
࡮ୃ჻㧔ኾ㐷⡯ቇ૏㧕⺖⒟ୃੌ㧔⷗ㄟߺ㧕⸽᣿ᦠߪ㧘಴り㧔࿷☋㧕ᄢቇ㒮ߩ⎇ⓥ
ୃੌ ⷗ㄟߺ ⸽᣿ᦠ⑼㐳㧔෶ߪቇ㐳㧕߇૞ᚑߒߚ߽ߩࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬      ෶ߪ࡮ୃੌ㧔⷗ㄟߺ㧕⸽᣿ᦠߦขᓧቇ૏߇⸥タߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿႐วߪ㧘ቇ૏᝼ਈ㧔⷗ㄟୃ჻ቇ૏ขᓧ ⷗ㄟߺ ⸽᣿ᦠ ߺ㧕⸽᣿ᦠࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬Ԛቇᬺᚑ❣⸽᣿ᦠ࡮಴り㧔࿷☋㧕ᄢቇ㒮ߩ⎇ⓥ⑼㐳㧔෶ߪቇ㐳㧕߇૞ᚑߒߚ߽ߩࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ
޿‫ޕ‬ԛᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠ

࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩ‫ޟ‬ᝄㄟଐ㗬ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟౉
ቇ⹜㛎ᬌቯᢱ㧕
࡮ᝄㄟ㊄෸߮ᚻᢙᢱ㗔෼ᦠ㧔ᔒ㗿⠪଻ሽ㧕࡮ᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇឭ಴↪㧕‫ߦޠ‬ᔅⷐ੐㗄ࠍ⸥౉ߒ㧘એਅߩὐߦ⇐ᗧߩ߁߃㧘ಾࠅ㔌ߐߕߦᦨነ
ࠅߩ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐㧔ࠁ߁ߜࠂ㌁ⴕ෸߮ㇷଢዪࠍ㒰ߊ㧕ߦᜬෳߒ㧘⓹ญߢᬌቯᢱ 
౞ࠍᝄࠅㄟࠎߢߊߛߐ޿‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ㧘౉ቇ㗿ᦠߩᚲቯᰣߦᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇឭ಴↪㧕ࠍߪߞߡឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ߥ߅㧘ᝄㄟᚻᢙᢱߪ㧘ᔒ㗿⠪ᧄੱߩ⽶ᜂߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ԙ ଐ㗬ੱ᳁ฬᰣߪ㧘ᔅߕᔒ㗿⠪ᧄੱߩ᳁ฬࠍ⸥౉ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ԙᬌቯᢱߩᝄࠅㄟߺߪ㧘ਅ⸥ߩᦼ㑆ౝߦᔅߕⴕߞߡߊߛߐ޿㧔̪࿯࡮ᣣᦐᣣ㧘␸ᣣߩᝄࠅㄟߺߪߢ߈߹ߖࠎ㧕‫ޕ‬‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬ᐔᚑᐕ ᐕ ᦬ᣣ ᧁ ߆ࠄ᦬ᣣ ᳓ ާᤨި߹ߢ
‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬ᐔᚑᐕ ᐕ ᦬ᣣ ᧁ ߆ࠄᐔᚑᐕ ᐕ ᦬ᣣ ᳓ ާᤨި߹ߢ Ԛ㧭㨀㧹㧔⃻㊄⥄േ㗍ᛄᯏ㧕ߢߩᝄࠅㄟߺߪߢ߈߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬Ԝୃ჻ቇ૏⺰ᢥ╬࡮ୃ჻ߩቇ૏ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘ୃ჻ቇ૏⺰ᢥߩ౮ߒ෶ߪߘߩ⺰ᢥⷐᣦ  ሼ⒟ᐲ
ߢ૞ᚑߩߎߣ ࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ୃ჻⺖⒟ୃੌ⷗ㄟ⠪ߢୃ჻ቇ૏⺰ᢥࠍឭ಴ߢ߈ߥ޿႐วߪ㧘ୃ჻⺖⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆ
⎇ⓥ⁁ᴫ╬ࠍ⹦⚦ߦ⸥タߒߚ⎇ⓥ⚻ㆊႎ๔ᦠ㧔ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕㧕ࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬−24−

ԝ⎇ⓥ⸘↹ᦠ  ࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕ࠍ૶↪ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮౉ቇᓟߩቇୃ෸߮⎇ⓥ⸘↹ߩ੍ቯߦߟ޿ߡ⸥ㅀߒ㧘૞ᚑߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬Ԟฃ㛎ᛚ⻌ᦠ‫⹥ޣ‬ᒰ⠪ߩߺឭ಴‫ޤ‬࡮ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐㧘⎇ⓥᯏ㑐߿࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕㧘ડᬺ╬ߦ࿷⡯ߒߡ޿ࠆ⠪ߢ࿷⡯ߩ߹߹౉ቇ
ࠍ੍ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ⠪㧔ൕോ࿾߇ᄖ࿖ߩ႐วߪ㧘㒰߈߹ߔ㧕ߪ㧘ൕോవᚲዻ㐳ߩ૞ᚑߒߚฃ㛎ᛚ⻌ᦠ㧔ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕㧕ࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ߥ߅㧘วᩰᓟㅌ⡯ߒߡ౉ቇߔࠆ੍ቯߩ႐วߪ㧘ᧄੱ߇ㅌ⡯ߔࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆᣦࠍ
᣿⸥ߒߚᢥᦠࠍ߽ߞߡฃ㛎ᛚ⻌ᦠߦઍ߃߹ߔ‫ߩߘޕ‬႐วߪ㧘౉ቇᚻ⛯ᤨߦㅌ⡯⸽᣿ᦠ㧔෶ߪㅌ⡯⷗ㄟ⸽᣿ᦠ㧕߇ᔅⷐߢߔ‫ޕ‬ԟࡄࠬࡐ࡯࠻ߩ౮ߒ෶ߪ࿷⇐ ࡮ᄖ࿖☋ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘ࡄࠬࡐ࡯࠻ߩ౮ߒ㧔㗻౮⌀ࡍ࡯ࠫ෸߮࿷⇐⾗ᩰ߇⸥タߐࠞ࡯࠼ߩ౮ߒ
ࠇߡ޿ࠆࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕෶ߪ࿷⇐ࠞ࡯࠼ߩ౮ߒ㧔⴫ⵣਔ㕙㧕ࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬Ԡ㄰ା↪ኽ╴࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩ㄰ା↪ኽ╴ࠍ૶↪ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ኽ╴ߦߪ㧘ᔒ㗿⠪ߩ૑ᚲ㧘᳁ฬ෸߮ㇷଢ⇟ภࠍ⸥౉ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬ ᨎ૞ᚑ
࡮ฃ㛎␿࿷ਛ 㐳ᒻ  ภ ߦߪ㧘ㇷଢಾᚻ  ౞ಽࠍߪߞߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ฃ㛎␿࿷ਛ 㐳ᒻ  ภ ࡮วᩰㅢ⍮ᦠ࿷ਛ㧔㐳ᒻ  ภ㧕෸߮౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦠ㘃࿷ਛ㧔ⷺᒻ  ภ㧕ߦߪ㧘ㇷଢಾ࡮วᩰㅢ⍮ᦠ࿷ਛ 㐳ᒻ  ภ  ᚻࠍߪࠆᔅⷐߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬࡮౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦠ㘃࿷ਛ ⷺᒻ  ภ  ̪ォዬ╬ߢฃ㛎␿߿วᩰㅢ⍮ᦠ߇ᧂ⌕ߣߥࠆߎߣ߇ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦᄌᦝ߇޽ߞߚ႐
‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬ ᨎ૞ᚑ
วߪ㧘ㅦ߿߆ߦ಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ឭ಴వߦ↳ߒ಴ߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ฃ㛎␿࿷ਛ 㐳ᒻ  ภ ࡮౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦠ㘃࿷ਛ ⷺᒻ  ภ 㨇ᵈ㨉  ಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ߦਇ஻߇޽ࠆ႐วߦߪ㧘ฃℂߒߥ޿ߎߣ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ⧷⺆એᄖߩᄖ࿖⺆ߢ૞ᚑߐࠇߚᦠ㘃╬ߦߪ㧘ᣣᧄ⺆⸶ࠍᔅߕᷝઃߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ஜᐽ⸻ᢿᦠߩឭ಴ࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿߹ߖࠎߩߢ㧘╩⸥⹜㛎෸߮ญㅀ⹜㛎ߩฃ㛎෸߮ୃቇ਄ߩ㈩ᘦࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆ
ᔒ㗿⠪ߪ㧘಴㗿೨ߦ↳ߒ಴ߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮߦ߅޿ߡᔅⷐߥߚ߼ឭ಴޿ߚߛߊ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߎࠇߦࠃߞ
ߡᓧߚᖱႎࠍ㧘⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱ╬ߩ଻᦭ߔࠆ୘ੱᖱႎߩ଻⼔ߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺᓞ╙  ᧦ߦⷙቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ႐วࠍ㒰߈㧘಴㗿⠪ᧄੱߩหᗧࠍᓧࠆߎߣߥߊઁߩ⋡⊛ߢ૶↪෶ߪ╙ਃ⠪ߦឭଏߔࠆߎߣߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬㧡 ㆬᛮᣇᴺ
࡮౉ቇ⠪ߩㆬᛮߪ㧘ቇജᬌᩏ㧔╩⸥⹜㛎㧘ญㅀ⹜㛎㧕෸߮಴㗿ᦠ㘃ࠍ✚วߒߡⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࡮ቇജᬌᩏߦߟ޿ߡԘ ╩⸥⹜㛎㧔⧷⺆޽ࠆ޿ߪ㧘ᣣᧄ⺆㧕ߩታᣉ⑼⋡ߪ㧘ฦኾ᡹╬ߦࠃࠅ⇣ߥࠅ߹ߔߩߢ㧘 ࡍ࡯ࠫߦ⸥タߩࠦ࡯ࠬਥછ㧔ㅪ⛊వ㧕ߦ໧޿วࠊߖߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ԙญㅀ⹜㛎ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘‫ୃޟ‬჻ቇ૏⺰ᢥ㧔෶ߪ⎇ⓥ⚻ㆊႎ๔ᦠ㧕‫ޠ‬෸߮‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥ⸘↹ᦠ‫ࠍޠ‬ਛᔃߦⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧢 ቇജᬌᩏᦼᣣ෸߮ᤨ㑆ഀ‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬  ቇജᬌᩏᦼᣣ ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧔 ᐕ㧕 ᦬  ᣣ㧔Ἣ㧕  ᤨ㑆ഀԘ╩⸥⹜㛎 㨪
ԙญㅀ⹜㛎 㐿ᆎ੍ቯ㧔⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ฃ㛎␿ㅍઃߩ㓙ߦㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧕‫╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ޤ‬  ቇജᬌᩏᦼᣣ ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧔 ᐕ㧕 ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕  ᤨ㑆ഀԘ╩⸥⹜㛎 㨪
ԙญㅀ⹜㛎 㐿ᆎ੍ቯ㧔⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ฃ㛎␿ㅍઃߩ㓙ߦㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
㧕

−25−

㧣 ⹜㛎႐ᣂẟᄢቇ੖ච፲ࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬ㧔ᣂẟᏒ⷏඙੖ච፲  ߩ↸  ⇟࿾㧕ߥ߅㧘⹜㛎႐㧔⹜㛎ቶ㧕ߩ⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ฃ㛎␿ㅍઃߩ㓙ߦᜰ␜ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ฃ㛎␿ߩㅍઃ੍ቯᣣߪ㧘ᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔ‫ޕ‬  ‫  ╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ ޤ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧔 ᐕ㧕 ᦬  ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕  ‫  ╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ ޤ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧔 ᐕ㧕 ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕㧤 วᩰ⊒⴫  ‫  ╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ ޤ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧔 ᐕ㧕 ᦬  ᣣ㧔᳓㧕ඦ೨  ᤨ  ‫  ╙ޣ‬ᰴ൐㓸‫ ޤ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧔 ᐕ㧕 ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕ඦ೨  ᤨᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᱜ㕙₵㑐ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘วᩰ⠪ߩฃ㛎⇟ภࠍឝ␜ߦࠃࠅ⊒⴫ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘วᩰ⠪ߦߪวᩰㅢ⍮ᦠࠍㅍઃߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ㧘วᩰ⊒⴫ᒰᣣߩ  ᤨ㗃ߦᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫߦ߽วᩰ⠪ߩฃ㛎⇟ภࠍឝタߒ߹ߔ㧔JVVRYYYIUPKKICVCWCELR㧕‫ޕ‬ߥ߅㧘วุߦ㑐ߒߡߩ㔚⹤╬ߦࠃࠆ໧޿วࠊߖߦߪ㧘৻ಾᔕߓ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬㧥 ౉ቇᚻ⛯౉ቇᚻ⛯ߩ᭎ⷐߪ㧘ᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔ‫ߪߡ޿ߟߦ⚦⹦ޕ‬㧘วᩰ⠪ߦ೎ㅜㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦼ㑆  ᐔᚑᐕ㧔ᐕ㧕᦬ᣣ㧔㊄㧕෸߮᦬ᣣ㧔᦬㧕  ౉ቇߦⷐߔࠆ⚻⾌౉ቇᢱ  ౞㧔੍ቯ㗵㧕㧔ᵈ 㧕౉ቇᢱᡷቯ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ႐วߦߪ㧘ᡷቯᤨ߆ࠄᣂ౉ቇᢱ߇ㆡ↪ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ 㧕౉ቇᢱࠍ⃻㊄ߢᝄࠅㄟ߻႐วߦߪ㧘㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߩ⓹ญߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᝄࠅㄟߺࠍⴕ߁⠪ߩᧄੱ⏕⹺ᦠ㘃㧔ㆇォ఺⸵⸽㧘ஜᐽ଻㒾⸽㧘ࡄࠬࡐ࡯࠻╬㧕ߩឭ␜߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᧄੱ⏕⹺ᦠ㘃ߩឭ␜߇ή޿႐วߦߪ㧘⃻㊄ߦࠃࠆᝄࠅㄟߺ߇ߢ߈߹ߖࠎߩߢᵈᗧߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ 㧕౉ቇᢱ఺㒰╬Ꮧᦸ⠪ߪ㧘౉ቇᚻ⛯ᤨߦ౉ቇᢱࠍ⚊ઃߒߥ޿ߢߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ 㧕౉ቇᢱࠍ⚊ઃᓟ㧘౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦼ㑆ౝߦ౉ቇᚻ⛯ࠍቢੌߒߥ߆ߞߚ㧔౉ቇࠍㄉㅌߒߚ߽ߩߣߒߡขࠅᛒࠊ
ࠇࠆ㧕႐วߪ㧘ᒰ⹥౉ቇᢱࠍ㄰ㆶߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㄰ㆶߩ⺧᳞ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᣂẟᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥߦᾖ
ળߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ᝼ᬺᢱ  ᐕ㗵 ౞㧔೨ᦼಽ ౞ᓟᦼಽ ౞㧕ާ੍ቯ㗵ި㧔ᵈ 㧕᝼ᬺᢱߪ㧘౉ቇᓟ㧘ญᐳᒁ߈⪭ߣߒߦࠃࠅ⚊ઃߒߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ 㧕᝼ᬺᢱߩ⚊ઃᣇᴺߩ⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘วᩰ⠪ߦ೎ㅜㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ 㧕࿷ቇਛߦ᝼ᬺᢱᡷቯ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ႐วߦߪ㧘ᡷቯᤨ߆ࠄᣂ᝼ᬺᢱ߇ㆡ↪ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ౉ቇᢱ఺㒰╬ߦߟ޿ߡ  ਅ⸥ߩ޿ߕࠇ߆ߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆ⠪ߩ߁ߜ㧘౉ቇᚻ⛯ᦼ㑆ౝߦᚲቯߩ↳⺧ࠍⴕߞߚ⠪ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ㆬ⠨ߩ਄㧘౉ቇᢱߩో㗵෶ߪඨ㗵ࠍ఺㒰ߔࠆ೙ᐲ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ߹ߚ㧘౉ቇᢱᓽ෼₈੍㧔ᑧ⚊㧕ߩ೙ᐲ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Ԙ ⚻ᷣ⊛ℂ↱ߦࠃࠅ㧘౉ቇᢱߩ⚊ઃ߇⪺ߒߊ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠅ㧘߆ߟ㧘ቇᬺఝ⑲ߣ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ⠪ ԙ ౉ቇ೨  ᐕએౝߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᧄቇߦ౉ቇߔࠆ⠪ߩቇ⾗ࠍਥߣߒߡ⽶ᜂߒߡ޿ࠆ⠪㧔એਅ‫ޟ‬ቇ⾗⽶ᜂ⠪‫߁޿ߣޠ‬㧕߇ᱫ੢ߒ㧘෶ߪᧄቇߦ౉ቇߔࠆ⠪⧯ߒߊߪቇ⾗⽶ᜂ⠪߇㘑᳓ኂ╬ߩἴኂࠍฃߌߚߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘౉ቇᢱߩ⚊ઃ߇⪺ߒߊ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ⠪ Ԛ ਄⸥ߦḰߕࠆ႐วߢ޽ߞߡ㧘⋧ᒰߩ੐↱߇޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ⠪



−26−

 ᝼ᬺᢱ఺㒰╬ߦߟ޿ߡ  ਅ⸥ߩ޿ߕࠇ߆ߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆ⠪ߩ߁ߜ㧘౉ቇᓟ㧘ᚲቯߩᦼ㑆ౝߦ↳⺧ࠍⴕߞߚ⠪ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ㆬ⠨ߩ਄㧘೨ᦼ࡮ᓟᦼߏߣߦ᝼ᬺᢱߩో㗵෶ߪඨ㗵ࠍ఺㒰ߔࠆ೙ᐲ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬  ߹ߚ㧘᝼ᬺᢱᓽ෼₈੍㧔ᑧ⚊෶ߪ᦬ഀಽ⚊㧕ߩ೙ᐲ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ԙ ⚻ᷣ⊛ℂ↱ߦࠃࠅ⚊ઃ߇࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠅ㧘߆ߟ㧘ቇᬺఝ⑲ߣ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ႐ว ԙ ᝼ᬺᢱߩᒰ⹥ᦼߩ⚊ᦼ೨  ࡩ᦬એౝ㧔ᣂ౉ቇ⠪ߦኻߔࠆ౉ቇߒߚᣣߩዻߔࠆᦼಽߩ఺㒰ߦଥࠆ႐วߪ㧘౉ቇ೨㧝ᐕએౝ㧕෶ߪ⚊ᦼਛߦ㧘ቇ⾗⽶ᜂ⠪߇ᱫ੢ߒ㧘෶ߪቇ↢⧯ߒߊߪቇ⾗⽶ᜂ⠪߇㘑᳓ኂ╬ߩἴኂࠍฃߌ㧘⚊ઃ߇⪺ߒߊ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ႐วԚ ਄⸥ߦḰߕࠆ႐วߢ޽ߞߡ㧘ቇ㐳߇⋧ᒰߣ⹺߼ࠆ੐↱߇޽ࠆ႐ว
 ౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮߦ↪޿ߚ୘ੱᖱႎߩขᛒ޿ ಴㗿ߦᒰߚߞߡ߅⍮ࠄߖ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ᳁ฬ㧘૑ᚲߘߩઁߩ୘ੱᖱႎߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘Ԙ౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮ㧔಴㗿ಣℂ㧘ㆬᛮታᣉ㧕㧘ԙวᩰ⊒⴫㧘Ԛ౉ቇᚻ⛯㧘ԛ౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮᣇᴺ╬ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺞ᩏ࡮⎇ⓥ㧘ಽᨆ෸߮Ԝߎࠇࠄߦઃ㓐ߔࠆᬺോࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦ೑↪ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮߦ↪޿ߚ⹜㛎ᚑ❣ߩ୘ੱᖱႎߪ㧘౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮᣇᴺ╬ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺞ᩏ࡮⎇ⓥ㧘ಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦ೑↪
ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ಴㗿ߦᒰߚߞߡ߅⍮ࠄߖ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ୘ੱᖱႎ෸߮౉⹜ᚑ❣ߪ㧘౉ቇ⠪ߩߺ౉ቇᓟߩԘᢎോ㑐ଥ㧔ቇ☋㧘ୃቇᜰዉ╬㧕㧘ԙቇ↢ᡰេ㑐ଥ㧔ஜᐽ▤ℂ㧘ᅑቇ㊄↳⺧╬㧕㧘Ԛ᝼ᬺᢱ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆᬺോࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦ೑↪ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ㧘୘ੱᖱႎߩ߁ߜ㧘วᩰ⠪ߩ᳁ฬ෸߮૑ᚲߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᧄቇߩห⓹ળ෸߮ᓟេળ߆ࠄߩㅪ⛊ࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼
ߦ೑↪ߔࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫  ޕ‬ ᵈᗧ੐㗄 ಴㗿ᓟߪ㧘಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ߩ⸥タ੐㗄ߩᄌᦝߪ⹺߼߹ߖࠎ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᣢ⚊ߩᬌቯᢱ෸߮಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ߪ㧘㄰ㆶߒ߹ߖ
ࠎ‫ޕ‬ߚߛߒ㧘ᬌቯᢱᝄࠅㄟߺᓟ㧘಴㗿ᦼ㑆ౝߦ಴㗿ᦠ㘃ࠍឭ಴ߒߥ߆ߞߚ႐วߪ㧘ᒰ⹥ᬌቯᢱࠍ㄰ㆶߒ߹ߔߩߢ
↳ߒ಴ߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ߘߩઁ಴㗿ߦ㓙ߒߡ⇼໧෶ߪਇ᣿ߩὐ߇޽ࠇ߫㧘ᰴߦ໧޿วࠊߖߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ᣂẟᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥ 6'.  
 ෳ⠨੐㗄౉ቇ⹜㛎ߦߟ޿ߡԘ ౉ቇ⠪ߩㆬᛮߪ㧘 ࡍ࡯ࠫߩ‫ ޟ‬ㆬᛮᣇᴺ‫⸥ߦޠ‬タߒߡ޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇㧘‫ୃޟ‬჻ቇ૏⺰ᢥ㧔෶ߪ⎇ⓥ⚻ㆊႎ๔ᦠ㧕‫ޠ‬෸߮‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥ⸘↹‫߽ᦨ߇ޠ‬㊀ⷞߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ญㅀ⹜㛎ߢߪ㧘ડᬺౝㇱ♿ⷐ㧘ቇળߦ⊒⴫ߒߚ⺰ᢥ෸߮዁᧪ߩ⎇ⓥ⸘↹╬ߦߟ޿ߡ⹜໧ࠍߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ԙ  ࡍ࡯ࠫߩ‫ ޟ‬಴㗿⾗ᩰ‫  ߩޠ‬㧘  ෶ߪ  ߦࠃࠆᔒ㗿⠪ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ࠍฃℂߔࠆ೨ߦ಴㗿⾗ᩰߩ᦭ήߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ‫౉ޟ‬ቇ⹜㛎಴㗿⾗ᩰ⹺ቯክᩏ⺞ᦠ‫ޠ‬෸߮⪺ᦠ㧘ቇⴚ⺰ᢥ╬ߩ⎇ⓥᬺ❣
ߦࠃࠅክᩏࠍߒߚ਄㧘಴㗿⾗ᩰࠍ᦭ߔࠆߣ⹺ቯߐࠇߚ⠪ߦኻߒߡ౉ቇ⹜㛎ࠍታᣉߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

−27−

This is the English translation of the Japanese Application Guide.
The official version is the Japanese Application Guide.

‫ޣ‬Entrance Examination for International Students‫ޤ‬
1. Number of Students to be Admitted
Major

Number ofStudents

Major

Number ofStudents

Fundamental Sciences

SeveralLife and Food Sciences

SeveralAdvanced Materials
Science and Technology

SeveralEnvironmental Science andTechnology

SeveralElectrical and Information
Engineering

Several[Note] Before applying, applicants are required to contact a chair of the course to which they aim to be admitted (see page 42)
or alternatively a contact member of the teaching staff (see page 49) to inquire about the contents of the education andresearch curriculum.
2. Eligibility for Application
An applicant is considered to be someone applying as an international student, conforming to any of the conditions listed
below.
(1) Those who have a Master’s degree or a professional degree (prescribed in Article 5 - 2 of the Degree Regulations(Ordinance of the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture No. 9 of 1953) based on the provisions of the School
Education Act, Article 104 - 1 (the same hereafter)), or those who expect to obtain such a degree by March, 2017.
(2) Those who have a degree equivalent to a Master’s degree or a professional degree in a country other than Japan or
those who expect to obtain such a degree by March, 2017. (Refer to [Note 1])(3) Those who, while in Japan, have completed a course of study by a distance learning program provided by a school ina country other than Japan and have a degree equivalent to a Master’s degree or a professional degree in that country,
or those who expect to obtain such a degree by March, 2017. (Refer to [Note 1])(4) Those who have a degree equivalent to a Master’s degree or a professional degree upon completion of a course of
graduate study, in Japan, that is conducted at an educational institution in a country other than Japan and recognized
as being part of the educational system of the country, and that is specifically designated by the Minister of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, or those who expect to obtain such a degree by March, 2017.
(5) Those who have a degree equivalent to a Master’s degree upon completion of a course of study at the United Nations
University (hereinafter referred to as the “United Nations University”) founded based on the United Nations General
Assembly Resolution on December 11, 1972, prescribed in the Article 1-2 of the Act on Special Measures Incidental
to Enforcement of the Agreement between the United Nations and Japan regarding the Headquarters of the United
Nations University, or those who expect to obtain such a degree by March, 2017.
(6) Those who have graduated from university and have engaged in research for a minimum of two years at a university,
research institute, or other such institutions, and who, on the basis of the outcome (performance) of that research, areapproved by the Graduate School of Science and Technology (hereafter the Graduate School) as having academic
ability equivalent to or greater than those with a Master’s degree. (Refer to [Note 2])(7) Those who, after completing 16 years of school education in a country other than Japan, or after completing 16 yearsof school education by a distance learning program in Japan provided by a school in a country other than Japan, haveengaged in research at a university, research institute, or other such institutions for a minimum of 2 years and who, on
the basis of the outcome (performance) of that research, are approved by the Graduate School as having academic
ability equivalent to or greater than those with a Master’s degree. (Refer to [Note 2])(8) Those who, following the individual screening of their eligibility for application, are approved as having academic
ability equivalent to or greater than those with a Master’s degree or a professional degree and who will be 24 years
old by March 31, 2017. (Refer to [Note 3])−29−[Note 1] “Master’s degrees or professional degrees in a country other than Japan” are considered as degrees corresponding
to “Master’s degrees or professional degrees” awarded on the basis of the provision of the Article 104 of the
School Education Act.
Those eligible to apply on the basis of (2) or (3) as outlined in the previous page should make inquiries to the Academic
Affairs Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University (Tel. +81-25-262-6109), for further
information. Submit the application documents as indicated by the Academic Affairs Division together with a return envelope(affix postage stamps to the value of 372 yen to a long self-addressed envelope including applicant’s name and postal code)for the initial eligibility screening for application.
Submission deadlines of documents and the disclosing dates for the initial screening results are listed below.
‫ޣ‬Primary Application‫ ޤ‬Documents must arrive by 㪫㪿㫌㫉㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪡㫌㫃㫐㩷㪎㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍
Initial screening results will be disclosed to applicants on Tuesday, July 19, 2016
‫ޣ‬Secondary Application‫ ޤ‬Documents must arrive by 㪝㫉㫀㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪛㪼㪺㪼㫄㪹㪼㫉㩷㪉㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍
Initial screening results will be disclosed to applicants on Wednesday, December 14, 2016
[Note 2]
[Note 3]Those eligible to apply based on (6) or (7) above should refer to Appendix 1 (page 37)Those eligible to apply based on (8) above should refer to Appendix 2 (page 39)

3. Application Period【Primary Application】

 㪫㪿㫌㫉㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪡㫌㫃㫐㩷㪉㪈㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍㩷㵨㩷㪮㪼㪻㫅㪼㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪡㫌㫃㫐㩷㪉㪎㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍 (applications must arrive within this period)‫ޣ‬Secondary Application‫ޤ‬ 㪫㪿㫌㫉㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪛㪼㪺㪼㫄㪹㪼㫉㩷㪈㪌㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍㩷㵨㩷㪮㪼㪻㫅㪼㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪛㪼㪺㪼㫄㪹㪼㫉㩷㪉㪈㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍㩷(applications must arrive within this period)
4. Application Procedure (1) Method of Application
Applicants should enclose the following documents in the envelope provided with this application guidebook andeither mail or alternatively bring it in person to the following address. This must be done within the application period.
(2) Submission of Application Documents:   Academic Affairs Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University
8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181 Japan Tel. +81-25-262-6109
࡮Submission in person: Application documents will be accepted from 9:00 to 17:00 (The office is closed on
weekends and holidays).
࡮Submission by mail:Registered express mail must be used, and please mark “Entrance Examination forInternational Students” in red on front side of the envelope.
 (3) Application Documents
Type of DocumentԘ Application Form(‫ޟ‬ᐔᚑ29ᐕᐲᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟౉ቇ㗿ᦠ‫)ޠ‬Examination Card㧔‫ޟ‬ฃ㛎␿‫ޠ‬㧕
Photograph Card㧔‫ޟ‬౮⌀␿‫ޠ‬㧕Curriculum Vitae㧔‫ޟ‬ጁᱧᦠ‫ޠ‬㧕

Instructions
࡮Use the designated form attached with this application guidebook.
࡮Be sure to affix the “Examination Fee Payment Certificate (for submission to
Niigata University)” in the space provided on the application form (Make surethat the financial institution handling the payment has pressed the certificate
with a receipt stamp).
࡮Affix the photograph in the space provided on the photograph card. (Thisphotograph should have been taken within three months prior to applicationand should be 4cm long by 3cm wide, clearly displaying a frontal, hatless viewof the applicant’s upper body.)
࡮If the applicant intends to wear glasses when taking the examination, he or sheshould also wear glasses when having the photograph taken.
−30−࡮Submit a certificate issued by the Dean of the graduate school or the President
ԙCertificate of (Expected)of the university where applicant attended or is currently enrolled in.
Completion of Master’s
Program (Professional Degree) ࡮In case the acquired degree is not stated on the Certificate of (Expected)
or Certificate of (Expected)
Completion, please submit the Certificate of (Expected) Degree Conferral.
Master’s Degree Conferral࡮Submit an official academic transcript issued by the Dean of the graduate schoolԚ Academic Transcript(s)or the President of the university where the applicant attended, or is currently
enrolled in, in a sealed envelope.
࡮Complete the required sections in the attached “Request for Payment by Bankԛ Examination Fee Payment
Deposit Transfer (Entrance Examination Fee for Doctoral Program at theCertificate
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University)”㧔‫ޟ‬ᝄㄟଐ㗬ᦠ(‫ޟ‬ᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇឭ಴↪㧕‫)ޠ‬㧔ᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟౉ቇ⹜㛎ᬌቯᢱ㧕‫)ޠ‬, “Transfer Payment( ᝄㄟ㊄෸߮ᚻᢙᢱ㗔෼ᦠ㧔ᔒ
and Transfer Fee Receipt (retained by the applicant)”‫ޟ‬㗿⠪଻ሽ㧕‫)ޠ‬, and “Examination Fee Payment Certificate (for submission to
Niigata University)”(‫ޟ‬ᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇឭ಴↪㧕‫)ޠ‬. Once they arecompleted, after verifying the following points, take them without detaching toa financial institution (excluding Yuucho Bank and Post Offices) and pay theexamination fee of 30,000 Japanese yen at the counter. Finally, affix the
Examination Fee Payment Certificate (for submission to Niigata University) inthe space provided on the application form for submission.
Applicants are required to bear the cost of the transfer fee.
Ԙ Please write the applicant’s name in the space for providing the name of theperson requesting the transfer.
ԙ The examination fee must be paid within the period outlined below.
(* A payment cannot be made on Saturdays, Sundays, and Japanese national
holidays.)‫ޣ‬Primary Application‫ޤ‬
From 㪫㪿㫌㫉㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪡㫌㫃㫐㩷㪈㪋㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍㪃 to 㪈㪌㪑㪇㪇㩷㫆㫅㩷㪮㪼㪻㫅㪼㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪡㫌㫃㫐㩷㪉㪎㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍㩷 㩷 㩷㩷‫ޣ‬Secondary Application‫ޤ‬
From 㪫㪿㫌㫉㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪛㪼㪺㪼㫄㪹㪼㫉㩷㪏㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍㪃 to 㪈㪌㪑㪇㪇㩷㫆㫅㩷㪮㪼㪻㫅㪼㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪛㪼㪺㪼㫄㪹㪼㫉㩷㪉㪈㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍㩷Ԝ Master’s Thesis and othersԝ Research Plan FormԞ Letter of Consent for
Taking Examination[Only to be submitted bythose applicable to theconditions mentioned in
the right]

Ԛ An ATM (Automated Teller Machine) cannot be used to transfer payment.
࡮Submit a copy of the Master’s thesis or the summary (in about 2000 Japanesecharacters), if the applicant has a Master’s degree.
࡮If the applicant cannot submit the Master’s thesis because he or she has not yet
completed the Master’s program, submit a Research Progress Report, noting
details of his or her research progress in the Master’s program (Use theattached form).
࡮Use the attached form to provide details of the applicant’s research and study plan.
࡮Applicants who are currently employed in an educational institution, a research
institution, a local government body, or a corporation and who wish to apply
for admission while remaining in employment (excluding those who areemployed outside Japan) should submit a Letter of Consent for Taking
Examination (Use the attached form) issued by the head or representative of
their affiliated institution, corporation, etc.
࡮Applicants who intend to resign their employment post after passing theexamination are required to provide a letter explaining their intention to resignfrom their post instead of a Letter of Consent for Taking the Examination. In
this case, the applicants are required to provide a certificate of resignation (orcertificate of intention to resign) during the admission procedure.

−31−ԟCopies of Passport or
Residence Card࡮Non-Japanese applicants should submit copies of their passport (showing
residential status and photograph) or both front and back copies of their
Residence Card.
࡮Use the return envelopes attached with this application guidebook.

ԠReturn Envelopes‫ޣ‬Primary Application‫ޤ‬࡮Fill out the envelopes with the applicant’s name, address, and postal code.
3 Envelopes
㨯1 Envelope containing࡮Affix postage stamps to the value of 372 yen onto the long envelope containing
Examination Card (longexamination card (‫ޟ‬ฃ㛎␿࿷ਛ‫)ޠ‬.
envelope)
㨯1 Envelope containing
࡮It is not necessary to affix postage stamps onto the long envelope containing
Admission Letter (longAdmission Letter (‫ޟ‬วᩰㅢ⍮ᦠ࿷ਛ‫ )ޠ‬nor the square envelope containing
envelope)
admission
procedure documents (‫౉ޟ‬ቇᚻ⛯ᦠ㘃࿷ਛ‫)ޠ‬.
㨯1 Envelope containing
Admission Procedure
Documents (square envelope)  * Applicants should notify the Graduate School immediately in the event ofchanging their addresses, as otherwise the examination cards or the admission‫ޣ‬Secondary Application‫ޤ‬
letters may not be delivered properly.
2 Envelopes
㨯1 Envelope containing
Examination Card (longenvelope)
㨯1 Envelope containing
Admission Procedure
Documents (square envelope)㨇Notes㨉(1) Inadequately completed application documents may not be accepted.
(2) Please note that a Japanese translation must be appended to all documents that are made in a foreign
language other than English.
(3) Although the submission of a health certificate is not mandatory, those who require attention for the written andoral examinations and/or study should make their needs known before applying.
(4) Submitted application documents are used for the purposes of selecting students for the Graduate School.
Therefore, the information obtained will not be used for any other purposes or provided to any third party
without the prior consent of the applicant, except in cases prescribed by Article 9 of the Law relating to theprotection of personal information retained by independent administrative institutions.

5. Method of Selection
࡮ Academic examinations (written and oral) and application documents are all taken into consideration when selecting
students.
࡮ Academic Examinations
Ԙ Since subjects for the written examinations (Japanese or English) differ according to each course, the applicant should
contact a chair of the course to which he or she applying for details (see page 42).
ԙ Master’s thesis (or Research Progress Report) and the Research Plan are used as the main reference materials for theoral examination.

6. Examination Schedule‫ޣ‬Primary Application‫ޤ‬(1) Date  㪫㫌㪼㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪘㫌㪾㫌㫊㫋㩷㪉㪊㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍(2) Time
Ԙ Written Examination
10:30 – 12:00
Scheduled to start at 13:00
ԙ Oral Examination(Detailed information will be notified to the applicant together with the examination card by mail.)‫ޣ‬Secondary Application‫ޤ‬(1) Date  㪝㫉㫀㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪡㪸㫅㫌㪸㫉㫐㩷㪉㪇㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪎(2) Time−32−Ԙ Written Examination
10:30 – 12:00
ԙ Oral Examination
Scheduled to start at 13:00(Detailed information will be notified to the applicant together with the examination card by mail.)
7. Examination Venue
Niigata University Ikarashi Campus (8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City)
Detailed information on the examination venue (examination room) will be notified to the applicant together with theexamination card by mail. 
Examination cards are scheduled to be mailed out to the applicants on the following dates:‫ޣ‬Primary Application‫ޤ‬㪫㪿㫌㫉㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪘㫌㪾㫌㫊㫋㩷㪋㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍‫ޣ‬Secondary Application‫ ޤ‬㪝㫉㫀㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪡㪸㫅㫌㪸㫉㫐㩷㪍㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪎
8. Announcement of Admission Decision‫ޣ‬Primary Application‫ޤ‬
10:00 on 㪮㪼㪻㫅㪼㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪪㪼㫇㫋㪼㫄㪹㪼㫉㩷㪎㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍‫ޣ‬Secondary Application‫ ޤ‬10:00 on 㪝㫉㫀㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪝㪼㪹㫉㫌㪸㫉㫐㩷㪈㪇㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪎㩷
࡮The examinee numbers of successful applicants will be posted on the bulletin board in the front hall of the Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, and admission letters will also be issued to successful applicantsby mail.
࡮The examinee numbers of successful applicants will also be made available online (http://www.gs.niigata-u.ac.jp/) around
12:00 of the day of the announcement.
࡮No telephone inquiries about the test results will be accepted.
9. Admission Procedure
The following is the general information about the university admission procedure. Detailed information will be notified tosuccessful applicants.
(1)Admission Period
Friday, March 24, 2017 and Monday, March 27, 2017
(2) Entrance Fee
Entrance Fee  282,000 yen (provisional)[Note 1] If the entrance fee is revised, the new fee will apply from the date of revision.
[Note 2]Those paying their entrance fee in cash by bank transfer are required to present their personal identification
documents (driver's license, health insurance card, passport, etc.) at the counter of the financial institution fromwhich they are transferring money.
Please be aware that it is not possible to pay in cash without presenting some personal identification documents.
[Note 3] Those who wish to be exempted from paying the entrance fee should not pay it during the admission procedure.
[Note 4]Those who have not completed the admission procedure within the specified period after paying the entrance fee(considered as admission refusal) will have the entrance fee fully reimbursed. Enquiries about reimbursement ofentrance fee should be addressed to the Academic Affairs Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology,
Niigata University.
10. Tuition
Tuition is 535,800 Japanese yen per annum (first semester 267,900 yen, second semester 267,900 yen) (provisional)[Note 1] Tuition should be paid by direct debit subsequent to admission.
[Note 2] Detailed information about payment method for tuition will be notified to successful applicants.
[Note 3] If tuition is revised while students are enrolled, the new amount will apply from the date of revision.
11. Entrance Fee Exemption
There is a program under which consideration can be given to exempt all or half of the entrance fee for applicants who apply
for this exemption program within the prescribed period after admission and meet any of the criteria listed below.
There is also a program where payment of the entrance fee may be postponed (deferred payment).
(1) Outstanding students who, for economic reasons, have difficulty in paying the entrance fee.

−33−(2) Students who have great difficulty in paying the entrance fee in the event that during the year preceding their admission
either the person mainly responsible for paying these tuition fees (hereinafter “tuition fee payer”) died, or because of othermitigating circumstances such as either the student or the tuition fee payer being a victim of storm / flood damage.
(3) Applicants deemed by the university as having circumstances or reasons comparable to those mentioned above.

12. Tuition Exemption
There is a program under which students may be exempted from paying all or half of the tuition (following consideration) if
they apply for this exemption program within the prescribed period after admission and meet any of the criteria listed below.
There is also a program under which payment of tuition may be postponed (deferred payment or payment by installment).
(1) Outstanding students who, for economic reasons, have difficulty in paying their tuition.
(2) Students who have great difficulty in paying their tuition in the event that during the six months preceding their admission(or within one year prior to admission if only applying for the tuition exemption for the semester that the newly admitted
students entered the university) or during the payment period, tuition fee payer died or because of other mitigating
circumstances such as either the student or the tuition fee payer being a victim of storm or flood damage.
(3) Applicants deemed by the university as having circumstances or reasons comparable to those mentioned above.
13. Handling of Personal Information used in Selection of Students for Admission(1) Names, addresses and other personal information communicated at the time of application are used for the following
purposes: Ԙselection of students for admission (application process, selection), ԙadmission announcements, Ԛadmission procedure, ԛsurveys, studies, and analyses relating to the method of selecting students for admission, and Ԝ
carrying out any other work associated with these.
(2) Personal information about examination results used in selecting students for admission is used for surveys, studies andanalysis relating to the method of selecting students for admission.
(3) Personal information that are provided at the time of application and entrance examination results of the successful
applicants are used after admission for the following: Ԙacademic affairs matters (university register, study guidance, etc.),
ԙstudent support matters (health care, scholarship applications, etc.), Ԛmatters related to tuition, etc.
Personal information, such as names and addresses of successful applicants, may be used to enable class reunions andsupport groups at this university to contact them.
14. Important Points(1) After submission, no alterations may be made to information in the application documents. Furthermore, examination fee
and application documents cannot be returned once they have been submitted.
However, in the event that the applicant does not submit the application documents within the application period
subsequent to having paid the examination fee by bank transfer, he or she should apply to have the examination fee
reimbursed.
(2) For any additional questions or queries about application, please do not hesitate to contact the Academic Affairs Division,
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University Tel. +81-25- 262-6109.

15. Reference
Regarding Entrance Examination(1) Selection of students to be admitted is described in “5. Method of Selection” on page 32. The highest emphasis will beplaced on “Master’s thesis (or Research Progress Report)” and “Research Plan Form”. In the oral examination, there will
be questions about internal bulletins of companies, theses presented at academic conferences, and future research plans.
(2) For applicants who apply on the basis of (6), (7) or (8) in “2. Eligibility for Application” on page 29, the Graduate School
will first conduct an eligibility screening for application and review publications, academic papers, and research outcomes.
Those who passed the screening will be eligible to take an entrance examination.

−34−








Χ  ฦ౉⹜౒ㅢ੐㗄Ⅴ೎⚕ 
‫ޟ‬ᄢቇࠍතᬺߒ㧘ᄢቇ㧘⎇ⓥᚲ╬ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘 ᐕએ਄⎇ⓥߦᓥ੐ߒߚ⠪ߢ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᒰ⹥⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐ╬ߦࠃࠅ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߣห╬એ਄ߩቇജ߇޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ߚ߽ߩ‫ޠ‬෸߮‫ޟ‬ᄖ࿖ߦ߅޿ߡቇᩞᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ  ᐕߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒߚᓟ㧘෶ߪᄖ࿖ߩቇᩞ߇ⴕ߁ㅢାᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ᝼
ᬺ⑼⋡ࠍᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡጁୃߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅᒰ⹥ᄖ࿖ߩቇᩞᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ  ᐕߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒߚ
ᓟ㧘ᄢቇ㧘⎇ⓥᚲ╬ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘 ᐕએ਄⎇ⓥߦᓥ੐ߒߚ⠪ߢ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᒰ⹥⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐ╬ߦࠃࠅ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߣห╬એ਄ߩቇജ߇޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ߚ߽ߩ‫ߩޠ‬಴㗿⾗ᩰ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ٤ ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᰴߩ  ෸߮  ߩⷐઙࠍḩߚߔ⠪ߦߟ޿ߡክᩏߒ㧘಴㗿⾗ᩰࠍ⹺ቯߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ᣣᧄߩᄢቇࠍතᬺߒ㧘෶ߪᄖ࿖ߩቇᩞᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ  ᐕߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒߚᓟ㧘ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐࡮⎇ⓥᯏ㑐෸߮ડᬺ╬ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘 ᐕએ਄㧔␠ળੱ․೎౉⹜ߦ޽ߞߡߪ㧘 ᐕએ਄㧔 ࡍ࡯ࠫߩ‫ ޟ‬಴㗿⾗ᩰ  㧘  ‫ߦޠ‬ቯ߼ࠆ‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥߦᓥ੐ߒߚ  ᐕએ਄ߩᦼ㑆‫ࠍޠ‬฽߻㧕㧕⎇ⓥߦᓥ੐ߒߚ⠪ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ ⪺ᦠ㧘ቇⴚ⺰ᢥ㧘ቇⴚ⻠Ṷ㧘ቇⴚႎ๔㧘․⸵╬ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ୃ჻⺰ᢥߣห╬એ਄ߩଔ୯߇޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ
⎇ⓥᬺ❣ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬٤ ੐೨ክᩏࠍⴕ޿߹ߔߩߢ㧘ᔒ㗿⠪ߪ㧘ᰴ⴫ߩ‫ޟ‬ክᩏᦠ㘃╬‫ ޟߣޠ‬಴㗿ᚻ⛯‫⸥ߦޠ‬タߩ‫ޟ‬಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬㧔Ԙߩ౉ቇ㗿ᦠ࡮ฃ㛎␿࡮౮⌀␿㧘ԛߩᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠࠍ㒰ߊ㧕‫৻ࠍޠ‬᜝ߒߡ㧘╙  ᰴ൐㓸ߦ޽ߞߡߪᐔᚑ  ᐕ ᦬  ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߹ߢߦ㧘╙  ᰴ൐㓸ߦ޽ߞߡߪᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕߹ߢߦᣂẟᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥ
ߦᜬෳ෶ߪㇷㅍ㧔ᔅ⌕㧕ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧕㧔ឭ಴ߔࠆ⸽᣿ᦠ╬ߩ㑐ଥᦠ㘃㧔⧷⺆એᄖߩᄖ࿖⺆㧕ߪ㧘ᔅߕᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⸶ᢥࠍᷝઃߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ߥ߅㧘‫ ޟ‬ㆬᛮᣇᴺ‫ߩޠ‬಴㗿ᦠ㘃ߦߪ㧘ᰴ⴫ߩክᩏᦠ㘃ࠍ฽ߺ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߎߩ಴㗿⾗ᩰߦࠃߞߡ಴㗿ߔࠆ⠪ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ੐೨ክᩏࠍⴕ޿߹ߔߩߢ㧘ߎࠇ߇⚳ੌߔࠆ߹ߢߪ㧘಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬ߩฃℂࠍ଻⇐ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ㧘੐೨ክᩏߩ⚿ᨐߪ㧘╙  ᰴ൐㓸ߦ޽ߞߡߪᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔Ἣ㧕ઃߌߢ㧘╙  ᰴ൐㓸ߦ޽ߞߡߪᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔᳓㧕ઃߌߢᧄੱ޽ߡㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬಴㗿⾗ᩰߩ⹺ቯࠍฃߌߚ⠪ߪ㧘ᚲቯߩᦼ㑆ౝߦᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩ‫ޟ‬ᝄㄟଐ㗬ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟౉ቇ⹜㛎ᬌቯᢱ㧕
࡮ᝄㄟ㊄෸߮ᚻᢙᢱ㗔෼ᦠ㧔ᔒ㗿⠪଻ሽ㧕࡮ᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇឭ಴↪㧕㨭ߦᔅⷐ੐㗄ࠍ⸥౉ߒ㧘ಾࠅ㔌ߐߕߦᦨነࠅߩ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐㧔ࠁ߁ߜࠂ㌁ⴕ෸߮ㇷଢዪࠍ㒰ߊ㧕ߦᜬෳߒ㧘⓹ญߢᚲቯߩᬌቯᢱࠍᝄࠅㄟࠎߢߊߛߐ޿‫ߩߘޕ‬㓙㧘ᔅߕ
ขᛒ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐෼⚊ශᰣߦ᛼ශࠍฃߌߡߊߛߐ޿㨫 ߘߩᓟ㧘಴㗿ᦼ㑆ౝ㧔ᔅ⌕㧕ߦ౉ቇ㗿ᦠ࡮ฃ㛎␿࡮౮⌀␿ࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㨇ክᩏߦᔅⷐߥᦠ㘃╬㨉ክᩏᦠ㘃╬៰        ⷐ තᬺ⸽᣿ᦠ࡮಴りᄢቇ㐳෶ߪቇㇱ㐳߇૞ᚑߒߚ߽ߩࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ቇᬺᚑ❣⸽᣿ᦠ࡮಴りᄢቇ㐳෶ߪቇㇱ㐳߇૞ᚑߒߚ߽ߩࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ౉ቇ⹜㛎಴㗿⾗ᩰ⹺ቯክᩏ⺞ᦠ

࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕ߦ⸥౉ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ⎇ⓥᬺ❣ᦠ࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕ߦ㧘⪺ᦠ㧘ቇⴚ⺰ᢥ㧘ቇⴚ⻠Ṷ㧘ቇⴚႎ๔෸߮
․⸵╬ࠍ⸥タߒ㧘ߘߩᬺ❣ࠍ⴫ߔᢥᦠ╬ߩ౮ߒࠍᷝઃߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ⎇ⓥ⚻ㆊႎ๔ᦠ

࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕ߦ㧘ᄢቇතᬺᓟߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐㧘⎇ⓥᯏ㑐෸߮ડᬺ╬ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ╬ࠍ⹦⚦ߦ⸥タߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ㄰ା↪ኽ╴㧔ክᩏ⚿ᨐㅢ⍮↪㧕࡮ኽ╴㧔㐳ᒻ  ภ㧕ߦᔒ㗿⠪ߩ૑ᚲ㧘᳁ฬ෸߮ㇷଢ⇟ภࠍ᣿⸥ߒ㧘ㇷଢಾᚻ ౞ಽࠍߪߞߚ߽ߩࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬



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೎⚕ 
‫⎇ᧄޟ‬ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘୘೎ߩ౉ቇ⾗ᩰክᩏߦࠃࠅ㧘ୃ჻ߩቇ૏ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߣห╬એ਄ߩቇജ߇޽ࠆߣ
⹺߼ߚ⠪ߢ㧘ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ߹ߢߦ  ᱦߦ㆐ߔࠆ߽ߩ‫ߩޠ‬಴㗿⾗ᩰ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ
ᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘౉ቇᏗᦸ⠪୘ੱߩ⢻ജ╬ߩ୘೎ክᩏߦࠃࠅ಴㗿⾗ᩰࠍ⹺ቯߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧝 ಴㗿⾗ᩰክᩏኻ⽎⠪୘೎ߩ಴㗿⾗ᩰክᩏߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⠪ߪ㧘⍴ᦼᄢቇ㧘㜞╬ኾ㐷ቇᩞ㧘ኾୃቇᩞ㧘ฦ⒳ቇᩞߩතᬺ⠪߿ߘߩઁߩ
࿖ౝᄖߩᢎ⢒ᣉ⸳ߩୃੌ⠪╬ߢ㧘ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ߹ߢߦ  ᱦߦ㆐ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬㧞 ಴㗿⾗ᩰክᩏᣇᴺ╬಴㗿⾗ᩰክᩏߢߪ㧘਄⸥ቇᩞ╬ߢߩቇ⠌ౝኈ㧘තᬺ㧔ୃੌ㧕ᓟߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐㧘⎇ⓥᯏ㑐෸߮ડᬺ╬ߦ߅޿ߡߩ
ታോ࡮⎇ⓥౝኈਗ߮ߦ⪺ᦠ㧘ቇⴚ⺰ᢥ㧘ቇⴚ⻠Ṷ㧘ቇⴚႎ๔෸߮․⸵╬ࠍክᩏߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬಴㗿⾗ᩰክᩏߢ‫ୃޟ‬჻ߩቇ૏ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߣห╬એ਄ߩቇജ߇޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ߚ⠪‫⎇ᧄߦޠ‬ⓥ⑼߳ߩ಴㗿⾗ᩰࠍ⹺߼㧘಴㗿ᦠ㘃ࠍฃℂߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅㧘‫ ޟ‬ㆬᛮᣇᴺ‫ߩޠ‬಴㗿ᦠ㘃ߦߪ㧘ᰴ⴫ߩክᩏᦠ㘃ࠍ฽ߺ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧟 ಴㗿⾗ᩰክᩏ⚿ᨐㅢ⍮಴㗿⾗ᩰክᩏߩ⚿ᨐߪ㧘╙  ᰴ൐㓸ߦ޽ߞߡߪᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔Ἣ㧕ઃߌߢ㧘╙  ᰴ൐㓸ߦ޽ߞߡߪᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔᳓㧕ઃߌߢᧄੱ޽ߡㅢ⍮ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬಴㗿⾗ᩰߩ⹺ቯࠍฃߌߚ⠪ߪ㧘ᚲቯߩᦼ㑆ౝߦᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩ‫ޟ‬ᝄㄟଐ㗬ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟౉ቇ⹜㛎ᬌቯᢱ㧕
࡮ᝄㄟ㊄෸߮ᚻᢙᢱ㗔෼ᦠ ᔒ㗿⠪଻ሽ㧕࡮ᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇឭ಴↪㧕‫ߦޠ‬ᔅⷐ੐㗄ࠍ⸥౉ߒ㧘ಾࠅ㔌ߐߕߦᦨነࠅߩ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐㧔ࠁ߁ߜࠂ㌁ⴕ෸߮ㇷଢዪࠍ㒰ߊ㧕ߦᜬෳߒ㧘⓹ญߢᚲቯߩᬌቯᢱࠍᝄࠅㄟࠎߢߊߛߐ޿‫ߩߘޕ‬㓙㧘ᔅߕขᛒ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐෼⚊ශᰣߦ᛼ශࠍฃߌߡߊߛߐ޿‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ㧘಴㗿ᦼ㑆ౝ ᔅ⌕㧕ߦ౉ቇ㗿ᦠ࡮ฃ㛎␿࡮౮⌀␿ࠍឭ಴ߒ
ߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧠 ಴㗿⾗ᩰክᩏᚻ⛯╬಴㗿⾗ᩰክᩏࠍฃߌࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘ᰴ⴫ߩ‫ޟ‬ክᩏᦠ㘃╬‫ ޟߣޠ‬಴㗿ᚻ⛯‫⸥ߦޠ‬タߩ‫ޟ‬಴㗿ᦠ㘃╬㧔Ԙߩ౉ቇ㗿ᦠ࡮ฃ㛎␿࡮౮⌀␿㧘ԛߩᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠࠍ㒰ߊ㧕‫৻ࠍޠ‬᜝ߒߡ㧘╙  ᰴ൐㓸ߦ޽ߞߡߪᐔᚑ  ᐕ ᦬  ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕߹ߢߦ㧘╙  ᰴ൐㓸ߦ޽ߞߡߪᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔㊄㧕߹ߢߦᣂẟᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇോଥ
ߦᜬෳ෶ߪㇷㅍ㧔ᔅ⌕㧕ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ឭ಴ߔࠆ⸽᣿ᦠ╬ߩ㑐ଥᦠ㘃㧔⧷⺆એᄖߩᄖ࿖⺆㧕ߪ㧘ᔅߕᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⸶ᢥࠍᷝઃߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧕ߥ߅㧘ክᩏᦠ㘃╬ࠍឭ಴ߔࠆ೨ߦᔅߕᔒᦸߔࠆᢎ⢒⎇ⓥಽ㊁ߩᜂᒰᢎຬ෶ߪࠦ࡯ࠬਥછߩᜰ␜ࠍฃߌߡߊߛ
ߐ޿‫ޕ‬
ާክᩏߦᔅⷐߥᦠ㘃╬ިክᩏᦠ㘃╬៰       ⷐ තᬺ㧔ୃੌ㧕⸽᣿ᦠ࡮಴りቇᩞ㐳߇૞ᚑߒߚ߽ߩࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮⍴ᦼᄢቇ෶ߪ㜞╬ኾ㐷ቇᩞߩኾ᡹⑼╬ߩୃੌ⠪ߪ㧘⍴ᦼᄢቇ෶ߪ㜞╬ኾ㐷ቇᩞߩතᬺ⸽᣿ᦠߣኾ᡹⑼╬ߩୃੌ⸽᣿ᦠࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ቇᬺᚑ❣⸽᣿ᦠ࡮಴りቇᩞ㐳߇૞ᚑߒߚ߽ߩࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬࡮⍴ᦼᄢቇ෶ߪ㜞╬ኾ㐷ቇᩞߩኾ᡹⑼╬ߩୃੌ⠪ߪ㧘⍴ᦼᄢቇ෶ߪ㜞╬ኾ㐷ቇᩞߩᚑ❣⸽᣿ᦠߣኾ᡹⑼╬ߩᚑ❣⸽᣿ᦠࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ౉ቇ⹜㛎಴㗿⾗ᩰ⹺ቯክᩏ⺞ᦠ

࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕ߦ⸥౉ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ⎇ⓥᬺ❣ᦠ࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕ߦ㧘⪺ᦠ㧘ቇⴚ⺰ᢥ㧘ቇⴚ⻠Ṷ㧘ቇⴚႎ๔෸߮․⸵╬ࠍ⸥タߒ㧘ߘߩᬺ❣ࠍ⴫ߔᢥᦠ╬ߩ౮ߒࠍᷝઃߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ⎇ⓥ⚻ㆊႎ๔ᦠ

࡮ᧄⷐ㗄ߦᷝઃߩᚲቯ↪⚕ߦ㧘ቇᩞ╬තᬺ㧔ୃੌ㧕ᓟߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐㧘⎇ⓥᯏ㑐෸߮ડᬺ╬ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ╬㧔⍴ᦼᄢቇ෶ߪ㜞╬ኾ㐷ቇᩞߩኾ᡹⑼╬ߩୃੌ⠪ߪ㧘ኾ᡹⑼╬ߦ߅ߌࠆ⎇ⓥ⁁ᴫ╬ࠍ฽߻‫ޕ‬㧕ࠍ⹦⚦ߦ⸥タߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ㄰ା↪ኽ╴㧔ክᩏ⚿ᨐㅢ⍮↪㧕࡮ኽ╴㧔㐳ᒻ  ภ㧕ߦᔒ㗿⠪ߩ૑ᚲ㧘᳁ฬ෸߮ㇷଢ⇟ภࠍ᣿⸥ߒ㧘ㇷଢಾᚻ ౞ಽࠍߪߞߚ߽ߩࠍឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬



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Appendix 1  Regarding application eligibility for “those who have graduated from university and have engaged in research fora minimum of two years at a university, research institute, or other such institutions, and who, on the basis of theoutcome (performance) of that research, are approved by the Graduate School as having academic ability
equivalent to or greater than those with a Master’s degree” and “those who, after completing 16 years of school
education in a country other than Japan, or after completing 16 years of school education by a distance learning
program in Japan provided by a school in a country other than Japan, have engaged in research at a university,
research institute, or other such institutions for a minimum of 2 years and who, on the basis of the outcome(performance) of that research, are approved by the Graduate School as having academic ability equivalent to or
greater than those with a Master’s degree.”٤The Graduate School will confirm the eligibility for application by screening applicants who fulfill the following conditionsin (1) and (2).
(1) Those who have graduated from a Japanese university or have completed 16 years of school education in a country
other than Japan and have more than 2 years of research experience at an educational institution, a research institution,
or a corporation (more than 4 years for those who wish to take an entrance examination for working students, including“those who have engaged in research for a minimum of 2 years” stipulated in “2. Eligibility for Application (6), (7)” on
page 17).
(2) Those who, concerning publications, academic theses, academic papers, academic lectures, academic reports, andpatents, are considered to have research achievements that are equal to or superior than in value to a Master’s thesis.
٤An eligibility screening will be carried out. Thus, those wishing to apply should submit “Screening Documents” listed in
the table below with “Application Documents” (excluding the application form, examination card, and photograph card inԘ and the examination fee payment certificate in ԛ ) detailed in “4. Application Procedure” by mail or in person to the
Academic Affairs Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University.
The deadline for primary application is 㪫㪿㫌㫉㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪡㫌㫃㫐㩷㪎㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍, and the deadline for secondary application is 㪝㫉㫀㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪛㪼㪺㪼㫄㪹㪼㫉㩷㪉㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍.
(A Japanese translation must be appended for any documents, including certificates, which are in a foreign
language other than English).
The “application documents” described in “5. Method of Selection” includes the screening documents in the following table.
Regarding those applying with the above application eligibility, the Graduate School will defer accepting application until
the eligibility screening process is completed.
 Results of the eligibility screening will be sent to the applicants as follows: For the primary application, results will be senton 㪫㫌㪼㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪡㫌㫃㫐㩷㪈㪐㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍㪃㩷and results for the secondary application will be sent on 㪮㪼㪻㫅㪼㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪛㪼㪺㪼㫄㪹㪼㫉㩷㪈㪋㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍. Those who have received the confirmation of eligibility should, within the specified period, complete the required areas in
the attached “Request for Payment by Bank Deposit Transfer (Entrance Examination Fee for Doctoral Program at Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Niigata University)” (‫ޟ‬ᝄㄟଐ㗬ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟౉ቇ⹜㛎ᬌቯᢱ㧕‫)ޠ‬, “Transfer Payment and Transfer Fee Receipt (retained by the applicant)” (‫ޟ‬ᝄㄟ㊄෸߮ᚻᢙᢱ㗔෼ᦠ㧔ᔒ㗿⠪଻ሽ㧕‫ )ޠ‬, and “Examination Fee Payment Certificate (for submission to Niigata University)” (‫ޟ‬ᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇឭ಴↪㧕‫ )ޠ‬. Take them without detaching to a financial institution (excluding Yuucho Bank and Post Offices) and pay theexamination fee at the counter. After payment, affix the Examination Fee Payment Certificate in the space provided on theapplication form, and then submit the application form, examination card, and photograph card within the application period.
[Documents Required for Screening]
Screening Document(1) Certificate of Graduation(2) Academic Transcript(3) Eligibility Screening
Application Form for
Entrance Examination

Instructions
࡮Submit a certificate issued by the President of the university or the Dean of thefaculty the applicant attended.
࡮Submit an official transcript issued by the President of the university or the Deanof the faculty the applicant attended.
࡮Complete the designated form attached with this application guidebook.

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(4) Research Achievement
Report࡮Complete the attached form and submit with a copy of a document which
includes the applicant’s achievement details such as publications, academic
theses, academic papers, academic lectures, academic reports, patents, etc.
(5) Research Progress Report ࡮Use the attached form to provide details of research and study at educational
institutions, research institutions, and corporations after graduating fromuniversity.
(6) Return Envelope࡮Clearly mark a long envelope with the name, address and postal code of theapplicant and affix postage stamps to the value of 372 yen.
For announcing result of
screening)−38−

Appendix 2
Regarding application eligibility for “those who, following the individual screening of their eligibility for
application, are approved as having academic ability equivalent to or greater than those with a Master’s degree ora professional degree and who will be 24 years old by March 31, 2017.”
The Graduate School will confirm the eligibility for application through individual screening, including the ability of eachapplicant. 
1. Applicants subject to Screening for Eligibility
 Applicants subject to screening for eligibility are those who have completed education at junior colleges, technical colleges,
vocational colleges, and other kinds of schools, and those who have completed education at other educational institutions inJapan or a country other than Japan, and who will be 24 years old by March 31, 2017.
2. Screening Method for Eligibility
 The eligibility screening will look into the followings: details of studies at above-mentioned schools, details of practicalwork experience, and research details at educational institutions, research institutions, or corporations following graduation,
including publications, academic theses, academic papers, academic lectures, academic reports, and patents, etc.  The eligibility screening will be conducted to confirm the eligibility to apply for the Graduate School as “those approved tohave academic ability equivalent to or greater than those with a Master’s degree,” and then, application will be accepted.
3. Announcement of Results for Eligibility Screening
Results of the eligibility screening will be sent to the applicants as follows: For the primary application, results will be senton 㪫㫌㪼㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪡㫌㫃㫐㩷㪈㪐㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍㪃 and results for the secondary application will be sent on 㪮㪼㪻㫅㪼㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪛㪼㪺㪼㫄㪹㪼㫉㩷㪈㪋㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍㪅 Those who have received the confirmation of eligibility should, within the specified period, complete the required items in
the attached “Request for Payment by Bank Deposit Transfer (Entrance Examination Fee for Doctoral Program at theGraduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University)” (‫ޟ‬ᝄㄟଐ㗬ᦠ㧔ᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖), “Transfer Payment and Transfer Fee Receipt (retained by the applicant)”‫ޟ‬( ᝄㄟ㊄෸߮ᚻᢙᢱ㗔෼ᦠ㧔ᔒ⒟౉ቇ⹜㛎ᬌቯᢱ㧕‫ޠ‬‫ )ޠ‬and “Examination Fee Payment Certificate (for submission to Niigata University)” (‫ޟ‬ᬌቯᢱ⚊ઃ⸽᣿ᦠ㧔ᣂẟ㗿⠪଻ሽ㧕ᄢቇឭ಴↪㧕‫ )ޠ‬. Take them without detaching to a financial institution (excluding Yuucho Bank and Post Offices) and pay
the examination fee at the counter. After payment, affix the Examination Fee Payment Certificate in the space provided on
the application form, and then submit the application form, examination card, and photograph card within the application
period.
4. Procedure for Eligibility Screening 
Those who wish to apply for the eligibility screening should submit the “Screening Documents” in the following table withthe “Application Documents” (excluding the application form, examination card, and photograph card in Ԙ and theexamination fee payment certificate in ԛ ) detailed in “4. Application Procedure” by mail or in person to the Academic
Affairs Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University.
The deadline for the primary application is 㪫㪿㫌㫉㫊㪻㪸㫐㪃㩷㪡㫌㫃㫐㩷㪎㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍, and the deadline for the secondary application is 㪝㫉㫀㪻㪸㫐㪃㪛㪼㪺㪼㫄㪹㪼㫉㩷㪉㪃㩷㪉㪇㪈㪍.
(A Japanese translation must be appended for any documents, including certificates, which are in a foreign
language other than English).
Before applying, applicants are required to contact a chair of the course to which they aim to be admitted or a contact
member of the teaching staff.

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[Documents Required for Screening]
Screening Document(1)
Certificate(s)Graduation(or Completion)(2) Academic Transcript(s)(3) Eligibility Screening
Application Form for
Entrance Examination(4) Research Achievement
ReportInstructionsof ࡮Submit a certificate issued by the President of the applicant’s university.
࡮Applicants who have completed an advanced course at a junior college ortechnical college must submit certificates of graduation and completion of theadvanced programs of the junior college or technical college.
࡮Submit an official transcript issued by the President of the applicant’s university.
࡮Applicants who have completed an advanced course at a junior college ortechnical college must submit academic transcripts and the transcripts of theadvanced programs of junior college or technical college.
࡮Complete the designated form attached in this application guidebook.

࡮Complete the attached form and submit with a copy of a document which
includes the applicant’s achievement details such as publications, academic
theses, academic papers, academic lectures, academic reports, patents, etc.
(5) Research Progress Report ࡮Use the attached form to provide details of research and study at educational
institutions, research institutions, and corporations, after graduating from school(or completion), including research details for advanced course for those whohave completed non-university degrees at junior colleges or technical colleges.
(6) Return Envelope࡮Clearly mark a long envelope with the name, address and postal code of theapplicant and affix postage stamps to the value of 372 yen.
For announcing result of
screening)−40−ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟ ࠦ࡯ࠬਥછ㧔ㅪ⛊వ㧕৻ⷩ⴫

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ਯ 㩿㪇㪉㪌㪀㪉㪍㪉㪄㪍㪎㪈㪍⚛ ᧚ ↢ ↥ ⑼ ቇ

㕍

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᮸ 㩿㪇㪉㪌㪀㪉㪍㪉㪄㪎㪉㪏㪇

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ਛ

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ᢘ

੺ 㩿㪇㪉㪌㪀㪉㪍㪉㪄㪍㪎㪌㪈㔚 ᳇ 㔚 ሶ Ꮏ ቇ

㋈

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᣽ 㩿㪇㪉㪌㪀㪉㪍㪉㪄㪎㪉㪈㪌ੱ 㑆 ᡰ េ ⑼ ቇ

೨

↰

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ା 㩿㪇㪉㪌㪀㪉㪍㪉㪄㪍㪎㪌㪋ၮ ␆ ↢ ๮ ⑼ ቇ

㈬

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㆐

਽ 㩿㪇㪉㪌㪀㪉㪍㪉㪄㪎㪏㪏㪇ᔕ↪↢๮࡮㘩ຠ⑼ቇ

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ਯ 㩿㪇㪉㪌㪀㪉㪍㪉㪄㪍㪍㪍㪊↢ ‛ ⾗ Ḯ ⑼ ቇ

ᷡ

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༑ 㩿㪇㪉㪌㪀㪉㪍㪉㪄㪍㪍㪊㪉⥄ὼࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ⑼ቇ

㈬

ᴰ

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᫪

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ᑝ 㩿㪇㪉㪌㪀㪉㪍㪉㪄㪍㪍㪌㪉␠ ળ ၮ ⋚ ࡮ ᑪ ▽ ቇ

㒙

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ਭ 㩿㪇㪉㪌㪀㪉㪍㪉㪄㪎㪇㪉㪏

࿾

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ዊ

⷏



ඳ

Ꮘ 㩿㪇㪉㪌㪀㪉㪍㪉㪄㪍㪈㪏㪎ἴ ኂ Ⅳ Ⴚ ⑼ ቇ⑔‛ᢙℂ‛⾰⑼ቇኾ᡹

㔚᳇ᖱႎᎿቇኾ᡹

↢๮࡮㘩ᢱ⑼ቇኾ᡹

Ⅳ Ⴚ ⑼ ቇ ኾ ᡹



ℂ

ൻ

ᢙ

᧚ᢱ↢↥ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓኾ᡹

ࠬ

ℂ

ၞ

⃿

⑼

Ⅳ

Ⴚ

⑼

−41−

ጟ

㩷

ാ 㩿㪇㪉㪌㪀㪉㪍㪉㪄㪎㪉㪎㪈㩷ㅪ ⛊ వ 㔚 ⹤ ⇟ ภḩ 㩿㪇㪉㪌㪀㪉㪍㪉㪄㪍㪊㪍㪏ᶈ 㩿㪇㪉㪌㪀㪉㪍㪉㪄㪎㪇㪌㪌

Doctoral Program
List of Persons in Charge of Courses

Major

Fundamental
Sciences

Advanced Materials
Science andTechnology

Electrical andInformation
Engineering

Life and Food
Sciences

Environmental
Science andTechnology

CourseName of the chair

Contact Tel.

Physics

ONO Yoshiaki(025)262-6275

Chemistry

HASEGAWA Eietsu(025)262-6159

Mathematical Science

KOJIMA Hideo(025)262-6365

Materials Science andTechnology

TANIGUCHI Masayuki(025)262-6716

Applied Chemistry andChemical Engineering

AOKI Toshiki(025)262-7280

Advanced Mechanical Scienceand Engineering

NITTA Isami(025)262-7271

Information Engineering

NAKANO Keisuke(025)262-6751

Electrical and Electronic
Engineering

SUZUKI Takamasa(025)262-7215

Human Sciences and Assistive
Technology

MAEDA Yoshinobu(025)262-6754

Life Sciences

SAKAI Tatsuya(025)262-7880

Applied Life and Food Sciences

NISHIUMI Tadayuki(025)262-6663

Agriculture and Bioresources

KIYONO Seiki(025)262-6632

Natural Environmental Science

SAKAIZUMI Mitsuru(025)262-6368

Environmental Science for
Agriculture and Forestry

MORII Toshihiro(025)262-6652

Architecture and Civil
Engineering

ABE Kazuhisa(025)262-7028

Earth Science

KONISHI Hiromi(0 25 )26 2 -61 87

Natural Disaster andEnvironmental Science

FUKUOKA Hiroshi(0 25 )26 2 -7055−42−Ψ ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߩ᭎ⷐ
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Ⅵ㧔㧝㧕ኾ᡹࡮ࠦ࡯ࠬߩ᭎ⷐ

‫ޣ‬㧝㧚ᢙℂ‛⾰⑼ቇኾ᡹‫ޤ‬೨ᦼ⺖⒟ߩᢎ⢒⎇ⓥࠍ߰߹߃ߡ㧘ߐࠄߦߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ⥄ὼ᭴ㅧߩᴺೣߩត᳞߿㧘⻘ߩ⸃᣿ߦߟ޿ߡ
ߩᢎ⢒⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫⾰‛ޕ‬෻ᔕߩᯏ᭴⸃᣿ߣᣂ⚛᧚ߩត᳞㧘ߐࠄߦᢙℂ⑼ቇ⊛ߥฦ⒳⃻⽎ߩᢙቇ਄ߩ⻉⺖㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘⥄ࠄ⢻േ⊛ߦኻಣߢ߈ࠆ᏷ᐢ޿⷗⼂ߣ⁛ഃᕈߦንࠎߛ⎇ⓥ⢻ജࠍᜬߞߚੱ᧚
⢒ᚑࠍ⋡ᜰߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ࠦ࡯ࠬฬࠦ ࡯ ࠬ ߩ ᭎ ⷐ㊂ሶ⑼ቇߩಽ㊁ߢߪ㧘ᧄቇߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᄢဳⵝ⟎㧔ࡋ࡝࠙ࡓᶧൻᯏ㧘ᒝ⏛႐⊒↢ⵝ⟎㧘X ✢᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆⵝ⟎㧘㜞࿶⊒↢ⵝ⟎㧘ਗ೉⸘▚↪ PC ࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯
ߥߤ㧕ࠍਛᔃߦ㧘ᓥ᧪ߩᨒ⚵ߺ㧔‛ᕈ‛ℂቇ㧕ࠍ⿧߃ߡ㊂ሶ⑼ቇߩಽ㊁ߢᦨవ┵ߩ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫☸ޕ‬ሶ࡮ቝቮ‛ℂቇߩಽ㊁ߢߪ㧘ቝቮߦᣈߌࠆ⥄ὼ⃻⽎ߩ‛ℂቇ ᴺೣ㧘‛⾰ߩၮᧄ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߣߒߡߩ⚛☸ሶ㧘ේሶᩭߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ㓏ጀߩ‛⾰ߩ
ᕈ⾰ߣߘࠇࠍ⊒⃻ߔࠆࡒࠢࡠߥࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ㧘ၮᧄ☸ሶ㑆ߩജߣߘߩၮᧄ㊂ሶ
ᴺೣߦၮߠ޿ߡត᳞ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㊀☸ሶ‛⾰⑼ቇߩಽ㊁ߢߪ㧘ℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲߩ㊀ࠗࠝࡦടㅦེࠍ↪޿ߡ⦡‫ߥޘ‬㊀☸ሶࠍ೑↪ߒߚᦨవ┵ߩ‛⾰⑼ቇߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ⢒⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ේሶᩭ߆ࠄήᯏ‛⾰㧘᦭ᯏ‛⾰㧘↢૕㜞ಽሶߦ߅ࠃ߱᭽‫ߩ⾰‛ߥޘ‬ൻቇ⊛ᕈ⾰㧘᭴ㅧ߿෻ᔕߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ታ㛎߅ࠃ߮ℂ⺰ߦၮߠ߈ේሶ࡮ಽሶ࡟ࡌ࡞߆ࠄ⸃᣿
ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㊀ర⚛ߩᩭ⊛࡮ൻቇ⊛ᕈ⾰ߩ⸃᣿㧘ࠗࠝࡦ࡮ಽሶ㑆ߩ෻ᔕᯏ᭴ߩ⸃᣿
ߣ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯႐ߦࠃࠆ෻ᔕ೙ᓮ㧘‛⾰ߩ࿕૕߿ᶧ૕⁁ᘒߩ᭴ㅧߣ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬߩ

ൻቇ ⸃᣿㧘ൻቇ෻ᔕߩ㊂ሶ⁁ᘒߏߣߩၮ␆ㆊ⒟⸃᣿ߣ࠺࡯࠲⸃ᨆᴺ㧘㔚ሶ߅ࠃ߮ࠬ
ࡇࡦ೙ᓮߦࠃࠆᣂᯏ⢻᧚ᢱߩ㐿⊒㧘ᓸ㊂㊄ዻࠗࠝࡦߩṁᶧౝ෻ᔕߣ᭴ㅧߦၮߠ
ߊಽ㔌࡮Ớ❗ቯ㊂ᴺߩ㐿⊒㧘᦭ᯏൻว‛ߩ᭴ㅧߣ෻ᔕᯏ᭴ߦၮߠߊᣂวᚑᴺ㐿⊒ߣᯏ⢻‛⾰ഃ⵾㧘ࠥࡁࡓᖱႎࠍ೑↪ߒߚ↢૕㜞ಽሶߩᯏ⢻⸃ᨆߣ↢૕⚵❱ߩ㜞ᰴᯏ⢻⸃᣿ߦߟ޿ߡ㜞ᐲߥᢎ⢒⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᧄࠦ࡯ࠬߢߪ㧘⒎ᐨ┙ߡߚ⺰ℂ⊛ߥ⠨߃ᣇߣ໧㗴⸃᳿⢻ജࠍ᦭ߒߚੱ᧚ߩ⢒ᚑࠍ⋡ᜰߒ㧘ᢙቇ㧘ᖱႎቇߩℂ⺰ߣᔕ↪ߦߟ޿ߡᢎ⢒⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ߦ․ޕ‬㧘ࡃ࠽࠶ࡂⓨ㑆෸߮㑐ᢙⓨ㑆ߩ᭴ㅧߣߘߩ਄ߩ૞↪⚛㧘ࡃ࠽࠶ࡂⅣ਄ߩ଻ሽ໧㗴㧘

ᢙ

ℂ

⑼

ቇ 㕖✢ᒻ⸃ᨆቇ㧘ಲ⸃ᨆቇ㧘஍ᓸಽᣇ⒟ᑼ⺰㧘น឵Ⅳ⺰㧘ઍᢙᐞ૗ቇ㧘ᢙ⺰㧘ᓸಽᐞ૗ቇ㧘ࠣ࡜ࡈℂ⺰㧘ᤨ♽೉⸃ᨆ߿ᢙℂࡈࠔࠗ࠽ࡦࠬߥߤߩᢙℂ⛔⸘ቇߩℂ⺰㧘ᢙℂ⸘↹߿ࠝࡍ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࠭࡮࡝ࠨ࡯࠴ߥߤߩᦨㆡൻℂ⺰㧘ᓸಽᣇ⒟ᑼߩ
ᢙ୯⸘▚ߣ⺋Ꮕ⸃ᨆߥߤߦߟ޿ߡᢎ⢒⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬−43−‫ޣ‬㧞㧚᧚ᢱ↢↥ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓኾ᡹‫ޤ‬ᧄኾ᡹ߪ㧘᧚ᢱ♽㧘ൻቇ♽㧘ᯏ᪾♽ߩᢎຬߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇ㧘ේሶ࡮ಽሶߩ᭴ㅧ೙ᓮߦࠃࠆ㕟ᣂ⊛᧚ᢱߩഃ⵾㧘⇇㕙೙ᓮߦࠃࠆ⇣⒳᧚ᢱߩⶄวൻ㧘㜞ᯏ⢻ᕈ᧚ᢱߩൻቇ⊛㐿⊒ߣⅣႺ⺞๺ဳ↢↥ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦߥߤߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ⢒⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘೨ᦼ⺖⒟ߩᢎ⢒⎇ⓥߩ৻⽾ᕈࠍ〯߹߃㧘⍮⊛᧚ᢱߩ㐿⊒⎇ⓥ߆ࠄታ⵾ຠ߳ߩᔕ↪㐿⊒߿ᓴⅣဳ␠ળᒻᚑߦᔅⷐߥᑄ᫈࡮ౣ⾗Ḯൻࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚ᧚ᢱ㐿⊒ߦኻᔕߢ߈ࠆ᧚ᢱߦ㑐ߔࠆ㜞ᐲߥ✚ว⑼ቇ⊛⍮⼂ࠍりߦߟߌߚ໧㗴⸃᳿⢻ജࠍ᦭ߔࠆੱ᧚ߩ⢒ᚑࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ࠦ࡯ࠬฬࠦ ࡯ ࠬ ߩ ᭎ ⷐᰴ਎ઍᯏ⢻ᕈ᧚ᢱߩవㅴ⊛ഃ⵾ߦะߌߚ‛ᕈត⚝࡮⸃᣿㧘᧚ᢱ⸳⸘࡮㐿⊒߅ࠃ߮⹏ଔߦ㑐ߔࠆၮ␆⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫⿥ޕ‬વዉ᧚ᢱ㧘⏛ᕈ᧚ᢱ㧘శ㔚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᄌ឵ඨዉ૕᧚ᢱ㧘㊄ዻ㧙᳓⚛♽᧚ᢱ㧘ૐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࿁෼᧚ᢱ㧘ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᄌᯏ ⢻ ᧚ ᢱ ⑼ ቇ឵᧚ᢱ㧘᦭ᯏ࡮ήᯏ᧚ᢱ㧘ࡂࠗࡉ࡝࠶࠼᧚ᢱ㧘ಽ㔌᧚ᢱ㧘↢૕ᮨ୮᧚ᢱ㧘↢૕⸅ᇦ᧚ᢱ㧘ౣ↢ක≮᧚ᢱߥߤߦ㑐ߔࠆᄙ᭽ߥᯏ⢻ᕈ࠽ࡁ᧚ᢱࠍਥߥ⎇ⓥኻ⽎ߣߒߡ㧘ේሶ㨯ಽሶ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ‛ᕈត⚝࡮⸃᣿㧘᧚ᢱ⸳⸘࡮㐿⊒߅ࠃ߮⹏ଔߦ㑐ߔࠆవ┵ᛛⴚࠍ⠌ᓧߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘㑐ㅪಽ㊁ߢవዉ⊛ߦ␠ળ⽸₂ߢ߈ࠆ⎇ⓥ⠪࡮ᛛⴚ⠪ࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߩ✚ว⊛ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧞㧝਎♿ߦ౉ࠅ᧚ᢱߣߒߡ㜞ઃടଔ୯ൻ㧘⿥ᯏ⢻ઃਈൻ㧘࠽ࡁ࡟ࡌ࡞ൻߦࠃ
ࠆᣂⷙᯏ⢻ߥߤߩⷐ⚛߇ᒝߊ᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎߪߢࠬ࡯ࠦᧄޕ‬ᚢ⇛⊛వ┵᧚ᢱߦᔅⷐߥ⚛᧚ߩഃ⵾ߦ㑐ߔࠆ✚ว⊛ߥᢎ⢒⎇ⓥࠍએਅߩⷰὐࠃࠅⴕ
޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ಽሶ࡮ේሶߩࡒࠢࡠߥ┙႐߆ࠄᦨవ┵ᯏ⢻ᕈ‛⾰ߩഃ⵾ߣᦨవ┵ߩ࠽⚛ ᧚ ↢ ↥ ⑼ ቇࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯⊛ⷰὐߦၮߠߊ⚛᧚ᯏ⢻ߩഃ⵾ߣᦨㆡൻߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ㧘ᄤὼ⚛᧚߆ࠄߩᣂⷙᯏ⢻ᕈ‛⾰ߩត⚝ߣߘߩ⹏ଔᣇᴺ⺰ߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ㧘ߥࠄ߮ߦੱ㑆↢ᵴߦኒធߦ㑐ଥߔࠆ⚛᧚߅ࠃ߮᧚ᢱߩⅣႺ⺞๺ဳല₸⊛↢↥ࠪࠬ࠹
ࡓߣⅣႺ଻ోᛛⴚߩ᭴▽ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ✚ว⊛ߥᢎ⢒⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬એ਄ߩᢎ⢒⎇ⓥᵴേࠍㅢߓߡߎߩಽ㊁ߢߩ᦭⢻ߥ⎇ⓥ⠪ࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿߹
ߔ‫ޕ‬࠽ࡁ߆ࠄࡑࠢࡠߩࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߦࠊߚࠅ㧘ᯏ᪾㧘ⵝ⟎㧘᧚ᢱ㧘᭴ㅧ‛╬ߩ⛔ว⑼ቇࠍ㊀ⷞߒ߹ߔ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬㧘ᯏ᪾ⵝ⟎ߩ⿥ᯏ⢻ൻߣᭂዊൻࠍㅢߒߡ㧘↢↥ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ㕟ᣂ⊛ߥᭂዊൻࠍㅊ᳞ߒ߹ߔ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ⅣႺߦ㈩ᘦߒߚૐ⽶⩄ဳߩ⵾ㅧᛛⴚ

ᯏ

᪾

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ቇ

ࠍ㐿⊒ߒߚࠅ㧘ᣂߒߊ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚᯏེ߿ⵝ⟎ߩ቟ቯᕈߣ቟ోᕈ⹏ଔࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦߪ㧘ቇ㓙㗔ၞߣߒߡ࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࠍක≮ಽ㊁ߦᔕ↪ߒߚࠅ㧘↢૕ᯏ᪾Ꮏቇߦ
ၮߠߊ࠽ࡁࡔ࠺ࠖࠬࡦࠍផㅴߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫⛔ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ว⑼ቇߩⷞὐߦ┙⣉ߒ㧘␠ળ߇ᒝߊ᳞߼ࠆᰴ਎ઍਛᩭᛛⴚࠍᜂ߁ੱ᧚ߩ⢒ᚑࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚᢎ⢒⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿
߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

−44−

‫ޣ‬㧟㧚㔚᳇ᖱႎᎿቇኾ᡹‫ޤ‬㧞㧝਎♿ߩ⑼ቇᛛⴚߩਛᔃࠍᜂ߁㔚᳇ᖱႎᎿቇߦ߅ߌࠆ㧘ⶄ㔀ᄙ᭽ߥ੐⽎ߦߟ޿ߡℂ⺰⊛ߦ⸃᣿߇ߢ߈㧘ⶄว♽ߩ⃻⽎ߩ⸃ᨆ⢻ജࠍ஻߃㧘㔚᳇ᖱႎᎿቇࠍࡌ࡯ࠬߣߔࠆᛛⴚ㧘ᯏ⢻㧘ㇱຠ㧘ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߥߤࠍੱ㑆␠ળߦᓎ┙ߟࠃ߁ߦ⸳⸘㧘ㆇ↪㧘ዷ㐿߇ߢ߈㧘㔚᳇ᖱႎᎿቇߦ㑐ߔࠆ㜞ᐲߥኾ㐷ᕈߣ᏷ᐢ޿ⷞὐࠍ߽ߟ⎇ⓥ⠪࡮ኾ㐷⊛⡯ᬺੱࠍ⢒ᚑߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ࠦ࡯ࠬฬࠦ ࡯ ࠬ ߩ ᭎ ⷐᧄࠦ࡯ࠬߢߪ㧘㜞ᐲᖱႎൻ␠ળߩ⊒ዷࠍᡰ߃ࠆవ┵⊛ߥ⍮⢻ᖱႎ㧘߅ࠃ߮㧘ᖱႎㅢାಽ㊁ߩᢎ⢒ߣ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⍮⢻ᖱႎಽ㊁ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘․ߦ㧘ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕᖱႎߩಽᨆߣ↢ᚑ㧘ੱ㑆ߣࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲㑆ߩ౞Ṗߥᖱႎ੤឵ᛛⴚ㧘࠰ࡈ࠻

ᖱ

ႎ

Ꮏ

ቇ

࠙ࠚࠕᎿቇ㧘ੱᎿ⍮⢻㧘ⓨ㑆ᖱႎࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧘ታ਎⇇࠮ࡦࠪࡦࠣߣੱ㑆ਛᔃ⸳⸘㧘
ᢙℂ⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߦࠃࠆಽᨆߣ᭴ᚑᚻᴺߩ⏕┙ߥߤߩᢎ⢒⎇ⓥߦജࠍ౉ࠇߡ޿
߹ߔ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᖱႎㅢାಽ㊁ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘․ߦ㧘⒖േᖱႎࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ㧘ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢᎿቇ㧘ᵄേᖱႎᎿቇߦ㑐ߔࠆవ┵ᛛⴚߩᢎ⢒⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ࠍࠄࠇߎޕ‬ㅢߒߡ㧘਎⇇ߦㅢ↪ߔࠆᛛⴚ⠪࡮⎇ⓥ⠪ߩ⢒ᚑࠍ⋡ᜰߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㔚ജ࡮ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߿ࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ㧘ᖱႎㅢାࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߥߤ㧘␠ળߩ⊒ዷࠍᡰ߃ࠆ㔚᳇㔚ሶᎿቇߩಽ㊁㧘߅ࠃ߮ߘࠇࠄߩቇ㓙⊛ಽ㊁߿ᣂಽ㊁ߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ⢒⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ߦ․ޕ‬㧘㔚ജ࡮ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᯏེ㧘ࡊ࡜࠭ࡑℂᎿቇ㧘㔚 ᳇ 㔚 ሶ Ꮏ ቇ⿥વዉ㔚ജࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧘⿥વዉᔕ↪Ꮏቇ㧘⭯⤑Ꮏቇ㧘᦭ᯏࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ㧘ࡃࠗࠝࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ㧘ಽሶ࡮శ㔚ሶ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ㧘࠽ࡁࡈࠜ࠻࠾ࠢࠬ㧘㊂ሶࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ㧘శᔕ↪⸘᷹㧘శ↹௝ಣℂ㧘ㅢାࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧘ାภಣℂᎿቇ㧘↹௝Ꮏቇ㧘ᤋ௝ᖱႎಣℂߥߤߦ㑐ߔࠆᦨవ┵ߩ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ߁ߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ߦᵴべߢ߈ࠆ㔚᳇㔚ሶᛛⴚ⠪߿⎇ⓥ⠪ࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆᢎ⢒ࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬↢૕⸘᷹࡮೙ᓮ㧘↢૕↢ℂᎿቇ㧘↢૕ାภಣℂ࡮⸃㉼㧘↢૕ᖱႎߩนⷞൻ㧘ࡅࡘ࡯ࡑࡦࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡈࠚࠗࠬ㧘ක↪ᯏེ㧘ࡃࠗࠝࡔࠞ࠾ࠢࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆ↢૕කᎿቇ㧘߹ߚ㧘ࡔࠞ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬߥߤߩ࠺ࡃࠗࠬᛛⴚ߿⸘᷹೙ᓮᛛⴚࠍ↪޿ߡੱߩᯏੱ 㑆 ᡰ េ ⑼ ቇ⢻ࠍᡰេ࡮᜛ᒛߔࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧘㜞ᐲᖱႎࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ↪޿ߚ㓚ኂ⠪ߩ⥄┙↢ᵴᡰេࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆᡰេᯏེᎿቇ㧘ߐࠄߦ㧘㜞㦂⠪࡮㓚ኂ⠪ߥߤߩ⥄┙ᡰេ߿ੱ‫ߩޘ‬ஜᐽߩ⛽ᜬჇㅴࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ㧘↢ᵴ࡮␠ળⅣႺߩಽᨆߣᦨㆡ೙ᓮ㧘ࠬࡐ
࡯࠷⑼ቇ㧘࠙ࠚ࡞ࡀࠬ⺰㧘ੱ㑆Ꮏቇ㧘࡙࠾ࡃ࡯ࠨ࡞࠺ࠩࠗࡦ㧘࡝ࡂࡆ࡝࠹࡯ࠪ
࡚ࡦᎿቇߦ㑐ߔࠆ↢ᵴᡰេ⑼ቇߩฦಽ㊁ߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ⢒࡮⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬−45−‫ޣ‬㧠㧚↢๮࡮㘩ᢱ⑼ቇኾ᡹‫ޤ‬↢๮ߩၮᧄේℂߩ⸃᣿ߩߺߥࠄߕ㧘ಽሶ߆ࠄ୘૕߹ߢߩ↢๮⃻⽎ߩ⸃᣿ߣߘߩ᏷ᐢ޿ᔕ↪㕙߳ߩᵴ↪߿࿾⃿ⅣႺߩᄌേ߿㘩ᢱߥߤ㧘ᷓೞൻߔࠆ␠ળ໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆߚ߼㧘↢๮⃻⽎ߩᩮḮ⊛ℂ⸃㧘ᣂᛛⴚߩ㐿⊒㧘࿾ၞߩ↥ᬺ߿ⅣႺߩᡷༀߦవ㚟⊛߆ߟᄙ㕙⊛ߦኻᔕߔࠆੱ᧚ߩ㙃ᚑࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫↢ޕ‬๮ߩਇᕁ⼏㧘ⅣႺߣ⺞๺ߒߚᜬ⛯⊛ߥ↢‛↢↥ߦᒝ޿㑐ᔃࠍ᦭ߔࠆቇ↢ࠍ᏷ᐢߊฃߌ౉ࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ࠦ࡯ࠬฬࠦ ࡯ ࠬ ߩ ᭎ ⷐߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ↢߈‛ߩ␜ߔᄙᓀߥ↢๮ᵴേࠍ㧘ಽሶ߆ࠄ୘૕ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦࠊߚߞ
ߡฦ⒳ߩⷞὐ߆ࠄᢎ⢒࡮⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ಽ㊁ߣߒߡߪ㧘↢ൻቇ㧘ಽሶㆮવቇ㧘ಽሶ↢‛ቇ㧘⚦⢩ቇ㧘⊒↢ቇ㧘↢ℂቇ㧘఺∉↢‛ቇߥߤ߇ߎࠇߦ⹥ᒰߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ၮ ␆ ↢ ๮ ⑼ ቇ ߎࠇࠄߩฦಽ㊁ࠍ᦭ᯏ⊛ߦ⚿วߒ㧘ߐࠄߦవ┵⊛ߥᛛⴚߥߤ߽ขࠅ౉ࠇߡ㧘ၮ␆߆ࠄవ┵⊛ౝኈ߹ߢࠍ฽߻᏷ᐢ޿ᢎ⢒࡮⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢ߦߪ㧘නߦᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌࠆ⠪ߣߒߡߩฃߌり⊛ߥᆫ൓ߢߪߥߊ㧘⥄ࠄ߇໧㗴ὐࠍ⷗޿ߛߒߡቇ
ࠎߢ޿ߊߣ޿߁Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥᆫ൓߇ᦸ߹ࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᧄࠦ࡯ࠬߢߪ㧘ᦨᣂߩࡃࠗࠝࠨࠗࠛࡦࠬ࡮ࡃࠗࠝ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ࠍ㚟૶ߒߚ↢๮⃻⽎ߩ⸃ᨆ߿ㄘᨋ⇓↥‛ߩ↢↥࡮ടᎿ࡮೑↪ߥߤߩᛛⴚ㐿⊒ߦ៤ࠊࠆఝࠇߚ
ੱ᧚ߩ⢒ᚑࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ࠆࠃߦ࡞࡯ࡠ࠻ࡦࠦࡓࡁࠥޕ‬ᬀ‛߅ࠃ߮ᓸ↢‛ᯏ⢻ߩᡷ⦟㧘㜞ᐲൻࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ㧘ᬀ‛߅ࠃ߮ᓸ↢‛ࠥࡁࡓߩᯏ⢻ߣߘߩ೙ᓮ㧘ᔕ ↪ ↢ ๮ 㨯
㘩

ຠ

⑼

ቇ

ᬀ‛ߦ߅ߌࠆ㙃ಽๆ෼ߣઍ⻢⺞▵㧘ࠝ࡞ࠟࡀ࡜ᒻᚑ೙ᓮ㧘ᓸ↢‛߇↢↥ߔࠆ↢ℂᵴᕈ‛⾰㧘㉂⚛ᯏ⢻ߩ⸃᣿ߦ㑐ߔࠆవ┵⊛⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘቟ోߢઃടଔ୯ߩ㜞޿㘩ߩ㐿⊒࡮⵾ㅧ࡮ଏ⛎㧘ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥㄘᨋᬺ↢↥㧘࿾⃿ⅣႺߩ⛽ᜬ࡮ୃᓳࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ㧘㘩ຠ߅ࠃ߮᦭↪ᚑಽߩ↢ℂ࡮ᩕ㙃ᯏ⢻㧘㘩ຠ⚛᧚ߣߘߩ㜞ᐲ೑↪ᛛⴚߩ㐿⊒㧘േ‛ߦ߅ߌࠆࠝ࡯࠻ࡈࠔࠫ࡯೙ᓮ㧘ᓸ↢‛ߩ᦭↪ᯏ⢻㧘࿯ფ㧙ᓸ↢‛㧙ᬀ‛㑆⋧੕૞↪㧘ᧁ⾰ࡃࠗࠝࡑࠬ⾗Ḯߩ㐿⊒࡮᦭ല೑↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆవ┵⊛ߥ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ၮ␆ㄘቇ㧘ࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼ࠨࠗࠛࡦࠬ㧘ࡃࠗࠝ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߥߤߩᛛⴚ⊛⎇ⓥࠍㅢߓߡ㧘ㄘᬺࠍᡰ߃ࠆᬀ‛㧘േ‛⾗Ḯߩ↢↥ᯏ᭴ࠍಽሶ㧘୘૕㧘↢ᘒ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ
᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒ㧘േᬀ‛ߩ↢↥ᕈะ਄ߦ⾗ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ⶄว⊛↢ᘒ♽ߩ⛽ᜬ㧘ㄘ↢ ‛ ⾗ Ḯ ⑼ ቇ ጊ᧛㐿⊒㧘ᜬ⛯⊛ߥㄘᬺߩ⊒ዷ㧘ㄘᨋ↥‛ᵹㅢߥߤ㑐ㅪ↥ᬺߩᝄ⥝ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⻉໧㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߦᔅⷐߥ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿㧘࿾ၞ␠ળߣߩㅪ៤߿㧘ࠕࠫࠕㄘᨋᬺ໧㗴ߥߤ࿖㓙⊛ߥ⽸₂ࠍ⋡ᜰߒ߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ⋡ᮡ㆐ᚑߩߚ߼㧘㘩ᢱ࡮⾗Ḯ▤ℂቇಽ㊁㧘⾗Ḯᬀ‛↢↥ቇಽ㊁㧘⾗Ḯേ‛⑼ቇಽ㊁ߩ㧟ಽ㊁߇⸳ߌࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬−46−‫ޣ‬㧡㧚ⅣႺ⑼ቇኾ᡹‫ޤ‬࿾⃿ⷙᮨ߆ࠄ᧲ർࠕࠫࠕߩ৻ⷺߢᣣᧄᶏߦ㕙ߒߡᄙ㔐᷷ᥦߩ࿾㧘ᣂẟᄢቇߩ޽ࠆᣂẟ߹ߢࠍ᏷ᐢ
ߊኻ⽎ߣߒߡ㧘ߘߩ᭴ㅧࠍត᳞ߒ㧘ࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ߥⷞ㊁ߢ࿾࿤࡮᳓࿤࡮↢‛࿤ߣੱ㑆␠ળߣߩ⋧੕㑐
ଥࠍℂ⸃ߒ㧘⥄ὼⅣႺ߆ࠄㇺᏒ࡮ㄘጊ᧛ⅣႺࠍഃࠅ಴ߖࠆ⁛ഃᕈߦንࠎߛੱ᧚ߩ㙃ᚑߣ㧘వ┵⊛࡮ቇ㓙⊛㧔KPVGTFKUEKRNKPCT[㧕ߢ⿥ၞ⊛㧔OWNVKFKUEKRNKPCT[㧕ߥ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ࠦ࡯ࠬฬࠦ ࡯ ࠬ ߩ ᭎ ⷐ࿾⃿ߩ᳇࿤࡮᳓࿤࡮࿾࿤ߦ߅ߌࠆ‛⾰࡮ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩᓴⅣࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ߿↢‛࿤ߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⛽ᜬᯏ᭴╬ࠍ㧘‛ℂቇ࡮࿾⃿⑼ቇ࡮ൻቇ࡮↢‛ቇߥߤߩၮ␆ℂቇ⊛ⷞὐ߆ࠄ⸃᣿ߒ㧘ⅣႺߦ߅ߌࠆ⻉໧㗴ࠍ⑼ቇ⊛ߦ⸃᣿ߔࠆߚ߼ߩᢎ⢒࡮⎇ⓥߦ

⥄ὼࠪࠬ࠹
ࡓ

⑼

ขࠅ⚵ߺ߹ߔ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ㧘‛⾰ᓴⅣߩᛠី߿ᄢ᳇ᶏᵗ⃻⽎ߩ⸃ᨆ㧘ᳪᨴ‛⾰ߩ⿠ቇ Ḯߩ⸃᣿㧘ᯏ⢻ᕈ⚛᧚߿ᣂࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯Ḯߩ㐿⊒ߥߤߩ࿾⃿਄ߢߩ‛⾰࡮ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯
ᓴⅣߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߩℂ⸃ߣᔕ↪ߩߚ߼ߩᢎ⢒⎇ⓥߣ㧘࿾⾰ߩᒻᚑㆊ⒟߿࿾⾰ἴኂ⻉⃻⽎ߩේ࿃⸃᣿㧘߅ࠃ߮࿾⃿਄ߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⛽ᜬᯏ᭴ߣⅣႺㆡᔕᯏ᭴ߥߤߩᢎ⢒⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᵹၞࠍੱߩ↢ᵴ߿⾗ḮᓴⅣߩ৻න૏ߣ⠨߃㧘ੱ㑆ߩ↢ሽၮ⋚ࠍឭଏߔࠆ᫪ᨋߣ㧘ੱ㑆߇௛߈߆ߌ㘩ᢱࠍᓧࠆ႐ߣߒߡߩㄘ࿾࡮ㄘᬺࠍᡰ߃ࠆ㧘᫪ᨋ⑼ቇ࡮ㄘᬺᎿቇߩ
⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߡ㧘ੱߣ⥄ὼߩ౒↢ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆ⍮⼂ߩ⫾Ⓧߣᛛⴚߩ㐿⊒ࠍ⋡ᜰߒ߹

ᵹၞⅣႺቇ

ߔ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘਎⇇⊛ߦ߽Ꮧߥᄙ㔐࿾ၞߢ޽ࠅ㧘⁛․ߩ᳓ᓴⅣᒻᘒߣേᬀ‛ߩ↢ᕷⅣႺ
߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߡ߈ߚᣂẟߩ࿾ߦ޽ߞߡ㧘࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻߩᓇ㗀ࠍᒝߊฃߌࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ᳓࡮‛⾰ᓴⅣ㧘ㄘᨋⅣႺ߅ࠃ߮↢ᘒ♽ߩᄌേߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ᦨవ┵ߩ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬᫪ᨋ↢ᘒ♽↢‛ቇ㧘᫪ᨋ⾗Ḯ଻ో࡮೑↪ቇ㧘࿾ၞ▤ℂᎿቇ㧘ㄘᬺࠪࠬ࠹ࡓᎿቇ㧘᳓
ᓴⅣᄌേቇ߅ࠃ߮↢ᘒ♽ᄌേቇߩ⎇ⓥಽ㊁ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ㇺᏒߣੱ㑆߅ࠃ߮⥄ὼⅣႺߣߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ౒↢ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⛔ว⊛᭴▽ࠍ⋡ᜰߒ㧘ߎࠇࠍታ⃻ߔࠆᎿቇ⊛ᛛᴺ㧘ᑪ▽ቇ࡮ㇺᏒᎿቇ࡮࿯ᧁᎿቇߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ⢒⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ㧘ฦ⒳ἴኂ߆ࠄㇺᏒ࡮ᑪ▽߅ࠃ߮ੱ㑆ߩ቟ోᕈࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ␠ ળ ၮ ⋚ 㨯 ␠ળၮ⋚ᣉ⸳࡮ᑪ▽᭴ㅧ‛ߩ᭴▽ᛛⴚࠍᆎ߼㧘ᔟㆡߢ቟ోߥዬ૑ⅣႺߣ⥄ὼߣߩ౒ᑪ ▽ ቇ ↢ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚ૑ቛ࡮ᑪ▽࡮ㇺᏒߥߤߩⓨ㑆ߩ᭴ᚑ࡮⸳⸘⸘↹ᚻᴺ߿㧘ᴡᎹ╬ߩ᳓ၞⅣႺߩ‛ℂ⊛᜼േ࡮᳓⾰ߩ⸃ᨆ࡮⹏ଔᛛⴚ㧘߅ࠃ߮ㇺᏒߩ᥊ⷰᒻᚑߣߘߩᱧผ⊛ᄌㆫߦߟ޿ߡ⹏ଔ࡮⸘↹࡮ᵴ↪ߔࠆߚ߼ߩᛛⴚߥߤߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ⢒⎇ⓥࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㒽ၞ߿ᶏᵗᐩߩၸⓍጀ㧘ጤ⍹㧘㋶‛㧘ൻ⍹ߥߤࠍኻ⽎ߦ㧘ߘࠇࠄߩࡑࠢࡠ⊛࡮ࡒࠢࡠ⊛․⾰ࠍᦨᣂߩ⎇ⓥᚻᴺߢតⓥߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ጤ࿤߿↢‛࿤ߩᕈ⾰ߣߘࠇࠄߩ⋧੕૞࿾ ⃿ ⑼ ቇ↪ࠍᤨ㑆⊛߆ߟⓨ㑆⊛ߥ⹺⼂ࠍ߽ߞߡ൮᜝⊛ߦ⸃㉼ߒ㧘⻉⃻⽎ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔ࿾⃿ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩోኈ⸃᣿ߦขࠅ⚵ߺ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬਎⇇ߩవㅴ⊛ߥᢎ⢒⎇ⓥᯏ㑐ߣㅪ៤ߒߡ⎇ⓥᵴേࠍዷ㐿ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘࿖㓙⊛ߦᵴべߔࠆ⎇ⓥ⠪㧘ᛛⴚ⠪߅ࠃ߮ᢎ⢒⠪ࠍ㙃ᚑߒ߹ߔ㨫ᣂẟ࿾ၞߪ㧘᷷ᥦᄙ㔐ߢ߆ߟ࿾Ზᄌേ߇ᵴ⊒ߥߚ߼㧘ᣣᧄ೉ፉ᦭ᢙߩ⥄ὼἴኂᄙ⊒࿾ၞߢ㧘ㄭᐕߩ⋧ᰴ޿ߛ࿾㔡ἴኂ㧘⽕㔎࡮⽕㔐ἴኂߥߤߪߘߩౕ૕଀ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᣂẟἴ ኂ Ⅳ Ⴚ ߩߎߩࠃ߁ߥ࿾ၞ․ᕈࠍᛠីߒ㧘ੱߩ↢ᵴၮ⋚ߢ޽ࠆㇺᏒ߆ࠄਛጊ㑆࿾ߦ߆ߌߡߩ
⑼ቇ 㔐᳖࡮ᢳ㕙࡮ᵩ᳓࡮Ἣጊ࿯⍾࡮࿾⋚ἴኂߥߤߣߘࠇࠄߩⶄวἴኂߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ጁᱧ⸃᣿㧘⊒↢ᯏ᭴࡮੍᷹ߥߤߩၮ␆⎇ⓥࠍ߽ߣߦ㧘ⅣႺᄌേ࡮␠ળᄌൻߦߣ߽ߥ߁ἴኂ
⊒⃻ߩᄌኈߦኻߔࠆኻ╷ࠍ฽߻㧘✚ว⊛㒐࡮ᷫἴኻ╷ߩᢎ⢒࡮⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬−47−

(2) ᚲዻᢎຬ࡮⎇ⓥౝኈ৻ⷩ㧔ᵈ㧝㧕 ᧄ৻ⷩߪ㧘ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧠᦬㧝ᣣ⃻࿷ߩᧄ⎇ⓥ⑼ߩᢎຬߦߟ޿ߡ⸥タߒߚ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ㧞㧕 ᜰዉᢎຬߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ᢎຬߦࠃߞߡߪቇ↢ߩฃ౉ࠇ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿႐ว߇޽ࠅ߹
ߔߩߢ㧘಴㗿ߦ㓙ߒߡߪ㧘ᔒᦸߔࠆࠦ࡯ࠬᢎຬ෶ߪࠦ࡯ࠬਥછ㧔ㅪ⛊వ㧕ߦ޽ࠄ߆ߓ߼໧޿วࠊߖߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ㧟㧕 ᚲዻߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘‫ߪޠ⥄ޟ‬ᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧘
‫ޟ‬ℂ‫ߪޠ‬ℂቇㇱ㧘‫ޟ‬Ꮏ‫ߪޠ‬Ꮏቇㇱ㧘‫ޟ‬ㄘ‫ߪޠ‬ㄘቇㇱ㧘‫ޟ‬ἴ‫ߪޠ‬ἴኂ࡮ᓳ⥝⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ㧘‫ޟ‬ᛛ‫ߪޠ‬ᛛⴚ⚻༡⎇ⓥ⑼㧘
‫⿥ߪޠ⿥ޟ‬ၞቇⴚ㒮ࠍߘࠇߙࠇ␜ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔ᵈ㧠㧕 ᜂᒰᢎຬߩᖱႎߪ㧘‫ޟ‬http://www.gs.niigata-u.ac.jp/~gsweb/mbrlist/index.
html‫߽ޠ‬ෳᾖߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬−49−

䂾䇭ᚲዻᢎຬ䊶⎇ⓥౝኈ৻ⷩ
䋼ᢙℂ‛⾰⑼ቇኾ᡹䋾ࠦ࡯ࠬᚲ ዻ ᢎ ຬ⡯
ጊ

↰

␭ ৻ಎ

ᄢ ㊁

⟵ ┨ᢎ

ᷜ ⾐

ጪ ᒾಎ

↰

ᢎ

╬ᢎ

᝼

ℂ

ᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽䈱‛⾰䈱วᚑ䈫㜞࿶‛ᕈ᝼⥄ᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽䈱ૐ᷷‛ℂ᝼ℂᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽䈱ℂ⺰⊛⎇ⓥ᝼ℂ⚛☸ሶ⛔৻ᮨဳ䈫ೋᦼቝቮ䈱‛ℂ⃻⽎᝼ℂ⚛☸ሶ‛ℂቇ䈱ታ㛎⊛⎇ⓥ

᝼ℂ

⿥ኻ⒓ᕈ䈮ၮ䈨䈒⚛☸ሶ䈱⛔৻ᮨဳ

ዊ ᳰ

⵨ มᢎ

᝼

ℂ

㊂ሶ⦡ജቇ䉕ၮ␆䈮䈚䈢䊊䊄䊨䊮‛ℂቇ

᧻ የ

ᱜ ਯᢎ

᝼

ℂ

ේሶᩭ᭴ㅧ䈱ℂ⺰䋬ਇ቟ቯᩭ䋬㓸࿅ㆇേ᝼

ℂਇ቟ቯᩭ䈱ᩭ᭴ㅧ䈱ታ㛎⊛⎇ⓥ᝼⥄৻⥸⋧ኻ⺰⊛䈭ᄤ૕‛ℂቇ䈱ℂ⺰

ဝ

⷏

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ඳ ┨ಎ

ᄢ ේ

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⻞ ৻ᢎ
৻ಎ

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⥄

ᄤ૕䈱᭴ㅧ䋬ᒻᚑ䈍䉋䈶ㅴൻ䈱⎇ⓥ

ᅏ ⷏

Ꮑ ৻ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

ℂ

㊂ሶ䉴䊏䊮♽䈱ℂ⺰

៨ ᓙ

ജ ↢ᢎ

᝼

ℂ

㊀䈇㔚ሶ♽䈱න⚿᥏⢒ᚑ䈫ᭂ㒢ਅ‛ᕈታ㛎

⍹ Ꮉ

ᢥ ᵗಎ

᝼

ℂ

㜞࿶ਅ䈮䈍䈔䉎⿥વዉ䈫⏛ᕈ䈱⎇ⓥ

ᷰ ㄝ

৻ ਽ഥ

ᢎ

ℂ

⋧ኻ⺰䇮䈍䉋䈶⋧ኻ⺰⊛ቝቮ⺰

ㆆ ૒

ᵗ ฝഥ

ᢎ

⥄

ടㅦེታ㛎䈮䉋䉎⚛☸ሶ‛ℂቇ䈱⎇ⓥ

ศ ↰

⾫ Ꮢഥ

ᢎ

⥄

ේሶᩭ㓸࿅ㆇേ䈮ኻ䈜䉎ℂ⺰⊛෸䈶⸘▚⑼ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ

⿒ ᵤ

శ ᵗഥ

ᢎ

ℂ

ᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽䈱ᭂ㒢‛ᕈታ㛎

ᑝ ἑ

㓶 ੺ഥ

ᢎ

ℂ

Ꮧ࿯㘃ൻว‛䈱න⚿᥏⢒ᚑ䈫⏛ᕈ䈫⿥વዉ

ᳯ ዥ

ା มಎ

᝼

ℂ

㜞᷷㜞ኒᐲ䈪䈱㊂ሶ⦡ജቇ䈱⎇ⓥ

ᱞ ᥓ

㤗 ⡍ഥ

ᢎ

⥄

ේሶᩭ෻ᔕታ㛎䉕ㅢ䈚䈢ਇ቟ቯᩭᩭඨᓘ䊶᭴ㅧ⎇ⓥ

᣿ᢎ

᝼

ℂ

ൻቇ‛ℂቇ䈱ℂ⺰⊛⎇ⓥ

᝼ℂടㅦེታ㛎䈮䉋䉎⚛☸ሶ‛ℂቇ䈱⎇ⓥ

᝼⥄ⅣႺ⺞๺ဳṁᇦ䈱ត⚝䈫䈠䈱ၮ␆⑼ቇ

᝼ℂ䉟䉥䊮ᕈ㊄ዻ㍲૕䈱⋧㑆⒖േᐔⴧ䈱ᾲജቇ䈫᭴ㅧ᝼ℂ

⿥㊀ర⚛䈱วᚑ䈫ൻቇ⊛ᕈ⾰䈱⎇ⓥ

ศ

ൻቇ

ᢎ

ⓥ

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ᄢ

‛ℂቇ

⵨ᢎ

ᩮ ᧄ

ች

ฬᚲ ዻ⎇

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᫪

ᢎ

ᢎ

ᣧ ဈ

࿻ มಎ

ᢎ

᪢ ᨋ

ᵏ ብᢎ

૒ ⮮

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ਭ ᤘᢎ

ᓟ ⮮

⌀ ৻ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

⥄

㊀䊶⿥㊀ర⚛䈱ᩭ⊛䊶ൻቇ⊛ᕈ⾰䈱⎇ⓥ

↰ ጊ

⧷ ᴦಎ

ᢎ

᝼

ℂ

╙྾⚖䉝䊮䊝䊆䉡䊛䉦䉼䉥䊮䈱෻ᔕ᝼ℂ㉄ൻㆶర䈪↢ᚑ䈜䉎ᵴᕈ᦭ᯏಽሶ⒳䈱ൻቇ᝼⥄䊃䊘䊨䉳䉦䊦ಽሶ䋨䉦䊁䊅䊮䋬䊨䉺䉨䉰䊮䋩䈱วᚑ䈫ᯏ⢻ൻᢎ㐳⼱Ꮉ ⧷ᖝᢎ
ጤ

ᧄ

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−50−

ኈ

䂾䇭ᚲዻᢎຬ䊶⎇ⓥౝኈ৻ⷩ
䋼ᢙℂ‛⾰⑼ቇኾ᡹䋾
ࠦ

࡯

ൻቇ

ࠬᚲ ዻ ᢎ ຬ⡯
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ℂ

⚦⢩ౝᖱႎ᭴▽䈮䈍䈔䉎⚦⢩ᩭᯏ⢻ቇ᝼ℂ

ᶧ૕㊄ዻ䊶ඨዉ૕䈱☸ሶ✢࿁᛬ታ㛎

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ℂ

ᶧ૕䊶䉧䊤䉴䈱᭴ㅧ䈫‛ᕈ╬䈱⸘▚ᯏታ㛎

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ℂ

ಽሶᕈ࿕૕䈱శવዉ䈮㑐䈜䉎ታ㛎⊛⎇ⓥ

ୀ ㊁

ༀ ඳᢎ

᝼

ℂ

᦭ᯏౖဳర⚛ൻว‛䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

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ᢎ

⥄

⿥㊀ర⚛䈱ṁᇦ᛽಴᜼േ䈱⎇ⓥ

ਃ ᶆ

ᥓ ᣿ഥ

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ℂ

ⶄ㔀♽䈮䈍䈔䉎శ⺃⿠㔚ሶ⒖േ䈮㑐䈜䉎ታ㛎⊛⎇ⓥ

ਛ 㚍

ศ ㇢ಎ

᝼

ℂ

⠡⸶ᓟୃ㘼㉂⚛䈱ᯏ⢻䈫೙ᓮᯏ᭴䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

ഥ

ᢎ

⥄

ᾲᵴᕈㆃᑧⰯశಽሶ䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

ᕺ ৻ᢎ

᝼

ℂ

૞↪⚛䈏䈭䈜㕖น឵ⓨ㑆䈱᭴ㅧ

ℂᢎ

᝼

ℂ

䊋䊅䉾䊊Ⅳ䈮㑐䉒䉎଻ሽ໧㗴䈱⎇ⓥ

ශ ධ

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᝼

ℂ

ᓸಽᐞ૗ቇ䋬᷹࿾✢䈱ᐞ૗ቇ䋬ᦛ✢ᣖ䈱ᓸಽᐞ૗ቇ

ⱃ Ꮉ

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ℂ

ᤨ♽೉⸃ᨆ䈱ℂ⺰䈫䈠䈱ᔕ↪

Ⅳᢎ

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⥄

䊔䉪䊃䊦ᦨㆡൻ໧㗴䈱⸃ᨆ⊛⎇ⓥ

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ୃ มᢎ

᝼

ℂ

ᢙℂ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱ᄢၞ⊛ᦨㆡൻ

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ℂ

㐽ᦛ㕙਄䈮ၒ䉄ㄟ䉁䉏䈢䉫䊤䊐䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

ᙥ ๺

ብ ᮸ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

⥄

஍ᓸಽᣇ⒟ᑼ䈱⸃䈱ሽ࿷䈫৻ᗧᕈ䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

᝼ℂ㪙㪸㫅㪸㪺㪿Ⅳ਄䈱଻ሽ໧㗴᝼ℂᢙ⺰䋬ઍᢙቇ

⬰૫ኈ㪫㪪㪘㪠㪃 㪚㪟㪠㪘㪡㪬㪥㪞

ᷰ ㆺ
⠀

↰

ᢙℂ⑼ቇ

ฬᚲ ዻ⎇

ਃ

㠽

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ᶆ

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Პᢎ

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ℂ

㐿ઍᢙᄙ᭽૕䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

᝼ℂ⚻ᷣ䊶␠ળ⃻⽎䈱ᢙℂ⊛⎇ⓥ

᝼⥄

ᓸಽᣇ⒟ᑼ䈱ᢙ୯⸘▚䈫⺋Ꮕ⸃ᨆ

ኅ

ን

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ഏ

㔐

ፄಎ

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−51−

ኈ

䋼᧚ᢱ↢↥䉲䉴䊁䊛ኾ᡹䋾
ࠦ

࡯

ฬᚲ ዻ⎇

ࠬᚲ ዻ ᢎ ຬ⡯
ဝ

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ᦸᢎ

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ㅴಎ

ᢎ

ⓥ

ౝ

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Ꮏ

㶎‛ ඨዉ૕శ‛ᕈ䋬㔚ሶ䊶㔚᳇᧚ᢱᎿቇ᝼Ꮏ㶎‛ ᩭ䉴䊏䊮䊃䊨䊆䉪䉴䈫㊂ሶ‛ᕈ᝼Ꮏ㶎‛ ⏛ᕈൻว‛䋬⿥વዉ૕䈱‛ᕈ෸䈶㐿⊒᝼⥄㶎‛ ⿥વዉ૕䇮⏛ᕈ૕䈱㐿⊒䈫ᭂ㒢ⅣႺਅ㔚ሶ‛ᕈ

ᱞ ↰

⋥ ਽ᢎ

ਛ ㊁

ᥓ ੳಎ

᧛ ਄

⾆ ᵗഥ

ᢎ

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㶎‛ ᳓⚛䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷㑐ㅪ᧚ᢱ

ട ἑ

⋥ ᮸ഥ

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㶎‛ ⏛ᕈ㪃㩷⿥વዉ૕䈱㐿⊒෸䈶‛ᕈ⹏ଔ

౎ ᧁ

᡽ ⴕᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㶎㐿 ήᯏ䊅䊉᧚ᢱ䇮శ䋭ൻቇ䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷ᄌ឵᧚ᢱ

ஜᢎ

᝼

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㶎㐿 㜞ಽሶⶄว᧚ᢱ䋬↢૕ᮨ୮᧚ᢱ

ᯏ⢻᧚ᢱ⑼ቇ ⼱ ญ

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㶎㐿 㘩ຠᯏ⢻Ꮏቇ䇮↢‛ᯏ⢻Ꮏቇ

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ቁ ᣿ᢎ

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Ꮏ

㶎㐿 ↢‛᧚ᢱᎿቇ䇮↢‛ൻቇᎿቇ

ᄢ ᧁ

ၮ ผಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㶎㐿 ᯏ⢻ᕈ⭯⤑᧚ᢱ䈱㐿⊒䈍䉋䈶ᯏ᪾⊛․ᕈ⹏ଔ

↱ ੗

᮸ ੱಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㶎㐿 శൻቇ䇮శᯏ⢻᧚ᢱ

⪭ ว

⑺ ੱഥ

ᢎ

Ꮏ

㶎㐿 ↢‛ᯏ⢻Ꮏቇ䋬䉺䊮䊌䉪⾰Ꮏቇ

ὑ ᧃ

⌀ ๋ഥ

ᢎ

Ꮏ

㶎㐿 㜞ಽሶⶄว᧚ᢱ䇮ᯏ⢻ᕈ㜞ಽሶ᧚ᢱ᝼Ꮏ㶎㐿 ೝỗᔕ╵ᕈ䉸䊐䊃䊙䊁䊥䉝䊦䈱วᚑ䈫‛ᕈ⹏ଔ

ጊ

ਃ

ౝ

ୀ

ືಎ

ᢎ

ᢎ

⍹ Ꮉ

੫ ૓ഥ

ᢎ

Ꮏ

㶎‛ ඨዉ૕శ‛ᕈ䋬ᄥ㓁㔚ᳰ᧚ᢱ

Ἇ ᧄ

ື ਽ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㶎‛ ᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽䈱ᣂᄸ‛ᕈ䈱ℂ⺰⊛⸃᣿෸䈶ឭ᩺

㕍 ᧁ

ବ ᮸ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㶎ᔕ ᣂⷙ䈭ᯏ⢻ᕈ㜞ಽሶ䈱ᣂⷙวᚑᴺ

ᵗᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㶎ᔕ ಽᨆൻቇ䊶᡼኿ൻቇ䈱ේℂ䈫䈠䈱ᔕ↪

㊄ ሶ

㓉 มᢎ

᝼

⥄

㶎ᔕ 䋨ਥ䈮㔚ሶ䋩ᯏ⢻ᕈ㜞ಽሶ䈱⸳⸘䈫วᚑ

ఽ ₹

┥ ਽ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㶎ᔕ 㜞᷷ᄥ㓁ᾲ䈱ൻቇΆᢱォ឵䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

૒ ⮮

ፄ ᄦᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㶎ᔕ ᯏ⢻ᕈήᯏ᧚ᢱ䈱วᚑ䈫‛ᕈ⹏ଔ

㋈ ᧁ

ᢅ ᄦᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㶎ᔕ ᄤὼ᦭ᯏൻว‛䈱วᚑ⎇ⓥ⚛᧚↢↥⑼ቇ ⁚ ㊁

⋥ ᮸ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㶎ᔕ ⅣႺേᘒ䈱⸃ᨆ䊶⸃᣿䈫ᓇ㗀⹏ଔ

ᚭ ↰

ஜ มಎ

ᢎ

᝼

⥄

㶎ᔕ ήᯏ࿕૕᧚ᢱ䈱⸳⸘䈫⹏ଔ

੔ഥ

ᢎ

Ꮏ

㶎ൻ 䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴䊶ૐຠ૏⍹὇⾗Ḯ䈱ല₸⊛䈭೑↪ᣇᴺ䈱⎇ⓥ

ാ 㓶ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㶎ൻ ᓸ☸ሶ᧚ᢱ䈱᭴ㅧ⸳⸘䈫૞⵾

ửᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㶎ൻ 䊧䉝⾗Ḯ䈱࿁෼ᛛⴚ㐿⊒䋬⍹὇䈱㜞ຠ⾰ൻ

ᷡ ᳓

ᔘ ᣿ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㶎ൻ ⾗Ḯ䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷᦭ല೑↪䊒䊨䉶䉴䉕⸳⸘䈜䉎

ጊ 㓙

๺ ᣿ᢎ

᝼

⥄

㶎ൻ ↢‛ቇ⊛᳓ⅣႺ଻ోᛛⴚ䈱㐿⊒

੹

ᴰ

᧘
ᧁ ᧛
㊄

⇐

ᾊ

䇭䇭䇭㶎‛䈲‛ᕈ♽䋬㶎㐿䈲㐿⊒♽䋬㶎ᔕ䈲ᔕ↪ൻቇ♽䋬㶎ൻ䈲ൻቇᎿቇ♽䉕␜䈚䉁䈜䇯

−52−

ኈ

䋼᧚ᢱ↢↥䉲䉴䊁䊛ኾ᡹䋾
ࠦ

࡯

ⓥ

ౝ

↰ ญ

૫ ᚑಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㶎ൻ 䊅䊉䊶䊙䉟䉪䊨䉦䊒䉶䊦䋬ⶄวᓸ☸ሶ䈱⺞⵾

ᄙ ፉ

⑲ ↵ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

⥄

㶎ൻ ⅣႺಽ㔌䊒䊨䉶䉴䈱⸳⸘䈫㐿⊒䇮ಽ㔌᧚ᢱ⺞⵾

ਃ ਄

⾆ มಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㶎ൻ ⚿᥏☳૕⵾ຠ䈱Ꮏᬺ↢↥䈮㑐䈜䉎න૏ᠲ૞⎇ⓥ

㓉ഥ

ᢎ

Ꮏ

㶎ᔕ ㆫ⒖㊄ዻ⸅ᇦ䉕↪䈇䉎᦭ᯏวᚑ෻ᔕ䈱㐿⊒⎇ⓥ

ኹ ญ

᣽ ብഥ

ᢎ

Ꮏ

㶎ᔕ ᯏ⢻ᕈ㜞ಽሶ䈱วᚑ䈫ಽ㔌ᯏ⢻䈱㐿⊒

᧼ ⼱

◊ มഥ

ᢎ

⥄

㶎ᔕ ήᯏ࿕૕‛⾰䈱⴫㕙ൻቇ

ዊ ᧻

ඳ ᐘഥ

ᢎ

Ꮏ

㶎ൻ 䉧䉴ಽ㔌ᛛⴚ䈱㐿⊒䈍䉋䈶ᇦ૕䈱‛ᕈ⹏ଔ

↰ ㆻ

⵨ ᴦᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

᧚ᢱ․ᕈ䈱หቯ䋬ⴣ᠄⎕უജቇ

㡆 ᶏ

ᢘ ୶ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

ᯏ⢻ᕈᵹ૕䋬ⶄ㔀ᵹ૕䈱ᵹേ

᧻ ේ

ᐘ ᴦᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

ᾲᎿቇ䋬ੂᵹવᾲാᢎ᝼Ꮏᯏ᪾ⷐ⚛䋬䊃䊤䉟䊗䊨䉳䊷

⮮ Ỉ

ᑧ ⴕᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

นⷞൻᴺ䈫䈠䈱ᔕ↪

↰ ᧛

ᱞ ᄦಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

᧚ᢱ䈱⴫㕙ᡷ⾰

ဈ ᧄ

⑲ ৻ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

ᯏ᪾䈱㛍㖸ૐᷫ䋬㖸㗀䉕೑↪䈚䈢⸘᷹᝼⥄䉶䊮䉰䊶䊙䉟䉪䊨䊙䉲䊮䋬䊅䊉䊁䉪䊉䊨䉳䊷᝼Ꮏ㕖✢ᒻ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱หቯ䈫೙ᓮ᝼Ꮏᯏ᪾ജቇ䈫೙ᓮ⚛᧚↢↥⑼ቇ ᤊ

ᣂ

ᯏ᪾⑼ቇ

ฬᚲ ዻ⎇

ࠬᚲ ዻ ᢎ ຬ⡯

↰

቟

ㇱ

㓉ᢎ

ᮮ

ጊ

⺈ಎ

ᢎ

ᐔ ర

๺ ᒾᢎ

Ꮉ ፒ

৻ ᱜಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

ᯏ᪾ⷐ⚛䋬ᱤゞᎿቇ

◊ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

ᾲᎿቇ䋬శᎿቇ䋬ᣂ䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷ᄌ឵ᢎᎿนⷞൻᖱႎ䋬ᵹ૕Ꮏቇ᝼

⥄㊄ዻᎿቇ䋬᧚ᢱടᎿ

ᰞ

੗

ጊ ❐

⾆ ᐘഥ

૒䇱ᧁ ᦮⵨ಎ

ᢎ

‐ ↰

ᤩ ⤿ഥ

ᢎ

Ꮏ

ᵹ૕Ꮏቇ䋬ⅣႺ⽶⩄ૐᷫᛛⴚ

᦬ ጊ

㓁 ੺ഥ

ᢎ

Ꮏ

䊃䊤䉟䊗䊨䉳䊷䋬ᯏ᪾ⷐ⚛

ኙ Ꮉ

㓷 ਯಎ

᝼

Ꮏ

䊙䉟䉪䊨䊶䊅䊉䊂䊋䉟䉴ᢎᎿ䊋䉟䉥䊜䉦䊆䉪䉴䋬᦭㒢ⷐ⚛⸃ᨆ䊒䊤䊛䊂䉞䉺ഥ䉳 䊢 䊅 䉴ᢎ䇭䇭䇭㶎‛䈲‛ᕈ♽䋬㶎㐿䈲㐿⊒♽䋬㶎ᔕ䈲ᔕ↪ൻቇ♽䋬㶎ൻ䈲ൻቇᎿቇ♽䉕␜䈚䉁䈜䇯

−53−

ኈ

䋼㔚᳇ᖱႎᎿቇኾ᡹䋾ࠦ࡯ࠬᚲ ዻ ᢎ ຬ⡯

ⓥ

ౝ

ਛ ㊁

ᢘ ੺ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪Ꮏቇ䋬⒖േᖱႎ䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪

ጊ ญ

⧐ 㓶ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

ᵄേ䈱ᕈ⾰䈫䈠䈱ᔕ↪

ጊ ↰

ኡ ༑ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

ή✢ାภಣℂ䋬䊧䊷䉻䋬ή✢ㅢା䉲䉴䊁䊛䋬䉝䊧䊷䉝䊮䊁䊅⷏᫪ ஜᄥ㇢ಎᢎ᝼Ꮏ㪤㪠㪤㪦ᛛⴚ䉕↪䈇䈢ደౝ䋬䉴䊘㩷䉾䊃᷹૏䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

㜞 ᯅ

ᢎ

᝼

⥄

⚵ว䈞䉝䊦䉯䊥䉵䊛ᢎ᝼Ꮏ䊙䊦䉼䊜䊂䉞䉝ᖱႎᬌ⚝䋬䉟䊮䉺䊤䉪䊁䉞䊑䉲䉴䊁䊛᝼Ꮏක≮䊶⑔␩䊶ⅣႺᖱႎᯏེ䈱⎇ⓥ

ᨋ

ᖱႎᎿቇ

ฬᚲ ዻ⎇

ବ ᒾಎ
⾆

ብಎ

’ ㊁

⑲ ᄦᢎ

ర ᧁ

㆐ ਽ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

ㅴൻ⊛⸘▚

▤ ㊁

᡽ ᣿ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

೙ᓮ䈚䉇䈜䈇䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱․ᓽ䈨䈔䋬ᢙ୯䊶ᢙᑼ䊊䉟䊑䊥䉾䊄ᦨㆡൻᚻᴺ

㒙 ㇱ

⾆ ᔒಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

䊋䉟䉥䉟䊮䊐䉤䊙䊁䉞䉪䉴

᳗ ᐈ

ᐘ ↢ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

⏕₸⺰

⪤ ේ

ᆭ ᔒഥ

ᢎ

Ꮏ

ዻᕈᢥᴺᔕ↪䉲䉴䊁䊛䋬䉡䉢䊑䊔䊷䉴䉸䊐䊃䉡䉢䉝

ጊ 㦮

㆐ ਽ᢎ

᝼

⥄

ᖱႎㅢାᎿቇ

ᨩ ᴛ

⋥ ਯഥ

ᢎ

Ꮏ

ᖱႎ䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪Ꮏቇ

㜞

೰ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

⥄

ઍᢙᐞ૗ቇ

㈬ ൬

ብ ᮸ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

⥄

㑐ᢙ⸃ᨆ䇭〒㔌ⓨ㑆䈱ᐞ૗ቇ

ጊ ᧄ

ᓕ ᴺಎ

ᢎ

᝼

⥄

⸃ᨆቇ䇮㕖✢ᒻ஍ᓸಽᣇ⒟ᑼ᭑ᧄ ᵲ৻㇢ഥ

ᢎ

⥄↹௝ಣℂ䋬↹௝⹺⼂䋬↹௝⸘᷹

㕍 ᚭ

╬ ੱᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

ᦠ䈐឵䈋䉲䉴䊁䊛䋬ቯℂ⥄േ⸽᣿䋬䉸䊐䊃䉡䉢䉝ၮ␆

ዊ ᫾

৻ ᄦᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

䊒䊤䉵䊙⑼ቇ䋬䊚䊥ᵄ䊶䊁䊤䊓䊦䉿ᵄ䋬䊌䊦䉴䊌䊪䊷Ꮏቇ

⩲

ᯅ

ේ

ጊ ኅ

ᤩಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㜞㔚࿶ᄢ㔚ᵹᎿቇ䋬㘑ജ⊒㔚

ᷡ ਯಎ

ᢎ

᝼

⥄

䊒䊤䉵䊙ℂᎿቇ䋬䊒䊤䉵䊙ᔕ↪䋬䊒䊤䉵䊙䊒䊨䉶䉴᝼Ꮏ⿥વዉᔕ↪ᯏེ䋬వ┵⿥વዉ᧚ᢱ᝼Ꮏᔕ↪⿥㔚ዉᎿቇ

⑔

੗

⡡ᢎ

ዊ

Ꮉ

⚐ಎ

㔚᳇㔚ሶᎿቇ ጟ

ᔀ

㓶ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㜞᷷⿥વዉ䊋䊦䉪᧚䈫⏛⍹ᔕ↪

ട ⮮

᥊ ਃᢎ

᝼

⥄

㔚ሶ᧚ᢱ䋬᦭ᯏ䉣䊧䉪䊃䊨䊆䉪䉴

ᣂ ଻

৻ ᚑᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

㔚ሶ䊶శ䊂䊋䉟䉴䋬㔚ሶᯏེ

㚍

႐

ᷡ ᳓
૒

⮮

ᢎ

ᥙಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

᦭ᯏ䉣䊧䉪䊃䊨䊆䉪䉴䋬䊋䉟䉥䊐䉤䊃䊆䉪䉴

⧷ ᒾಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

⭯⤑᭴ㅧ೙ᓮ

᝼Ꮏඨዉ૕䊧䊷䉱䊷䈱ᵄ㐳቟ቯൻ

ቁᢎ

−54−

ኈ

䋼㔚᳇ᖱႎᎿቇኾ᡹䋾ࠦ࡯ࠬᚲ ዻ ᢎ ຬ⡯
㋈ ᧁ

ฬᚲ ዻ⎇
᝼

⥄

⸘᷹䊶೙ᓮ䋬శᖱႎಣℂ䉲䉴䊁䊛ᢎᎿశ⸘᷹䋬శ䉶䊮䉲䊮䉫

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

䊅䊉䊐䉤䊃䊆䉪䉴䋬㊂ሶ䉣䊧䉪䊃䊨䊆䉪䉴

ᢎ

᝼

⿥

౒ᝄེ㊂ሶ㔚᳇ജቇ㪃㩷㊂ሶశቇ

ਭ ๺ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

↹௝Ꮏቇ䋬ାภಣℂ䋬⦡ᓀାภಣℂ૒䇱ᧁ ㊀ାᢎ

᝼Ꮏ䉴䊕䉪䊃䊦᜛ᢔㅢା䋬ή✢ㅢା䉲䉴䊁䊛

ፕ

ቁ ᣽ᢎ

ⓥ

᫪

ᄢ ᐔ
ጟ

ᖝഥ

ᵏ ↢ಎ
ኼ

㔚᳇㔚ሶᎿቇ ⩵ ᳰ

᧛ ᧻

᮸ಎ

ᱜ ๋ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

䊙䊦䉼䊧䊷䊃ାภಣℂ䋬↹௝ಣℂ䊚 䊮 䉸 䉪ಎᢎ᝼Ꮏ㔚ᵄવ៝䋬ᤨⓨ㑆ାภಣℂ䋬䉸䊐䊃䉡䉢䉝ή✢㪣㪜㪩㪫㪭㪘㪚㪟㪠㪩㪘㪧㪘㪠㪙㪦㪦㪥
ഥ㪚㪟㪬㪫㪠㪧㪘㪩㪥ᢎ⥄᦭ᯏ䉣䊧䉪䊃䊨䊆䉪䉴䋬䊋䉟䉥䊐䉤䊃䊆䉪䉴

ᄢ ᴡ

ᱜ ᔒᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

䉶䊮䉲䊮䉫䊂䊋䉟䉴䋬శ䉣䊧䉪䊃䊨䊆䉪䉴

㊄

ᧁ

┥

ᔀᢎ

᝼

⥄

ᤨᄌᕈ↢૕ାภ䈱ᄙᰴరಣℂ

ᨋ

⼾

ᒾᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

↢ᵴᡰេᎿቇ䋬ක↪↢૕Ꮏቇ

ት ᴦᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

䊨䊗䊁䉞䉪䉴䋬೙ᓮᎿቇ

ਃ ᧛

ౝ

⍹

੗

ᦸಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

↢૕㔚⏛ⅣႺᎿቇ䋬䉝䊮䊁䊅Ꮏቇ䋬㔚⏛ᵄᎿቇ

ጤ

ၔ

⼔ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

⥄

ାภಣℂ䋬㖸ჿᎿቇ䋬⡬ⷡᔃℂ

ၳ

Ả

৻ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

↢૕කᎿቇ䋬ᡰេᯏེᎿቇ

೨ ↰

⟵ ାᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

⑔␩↢૕ಽ㊁䈱䊝䊂䊥䊮䉫䈫᭴ㅧಽᨆ

ᷰ ㄝ

ື ਽ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

ⷞⷡ㓚ኂ⠪ᡰេᛛⴚ䋬⸅⍮ⷡ䋬䊍䊠䊷䊙䊮䉟䊮䉺䊐䉢䊷䉴

㘵 ፉ

ᷕ ᒾಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

␹⚻↢ℂቇ䋬↢૕කᎿቇ䋬ⷞⷡ⹺⍮

ቁಎ

ᢎ

᝼

Ꮏ

↢૕ⴕേ䈱⸘᷹䊶೙ᓮᎿቇ䋬⒖േᡰេ䋬ᯏ᭴⸳⸘ቇ

ᢎ⥄ⷞⷡశቇ䋬ᔃℂ‛ℂቇ䋬ᄙᗵⷡ⛔วੱ㑆ᡰេ⑼ቇ

੹

᧛

᫜ ᯅ

㊀ ੳഥ

−55−

ኈ

䋼↢๮䊶㘩ᢱ⑼ቇኾ᡹䋾ࠦ࡯ࠬᚲ ዻ ᢎ ຬ⡯
᧖ ᧄ

ஜ ศಎ

㐳 ᧤
ౝ ᶏ

ฬᚲ ዻ⎇

ౝ

᝼

⥄

ㅧⴊ೙ᓮᯏ᭴䇮⣲≌䈫Ἳ∝೙ᓮ䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

ବ ᴦᢎ

᝼

ℂ

♧㎮ᖱႎ⸃⺒䈱䈢䉄䈱↢ൻቇ⊛⎇ⓥ

೑ ↵ᢎ

᝼

ℂ

ㆮવᖱႎ⠡⸶෻ᔕ䈱ಽሶ↢‛ቇ

⽸ᢎ

᝼

⥄

⢦ゲᒻᚑ䋬⢦ⴊ⃿ಽൻ䈱೙ᓮᯏ᭴

⷏ Ꮉ

๟ ৻ᢎ

᝼

ℂ

ዊ⢩૕ᯏ⢻䈮䉋䉎ᬀ‛↢ᵴⅣ䈱೙ᓮᯏ᭴

㈬ ੗

㆐ ਽ᢎ

᝼

ℂ

⓭ὼᄌ⇣૕䉕↪䈇䈢ᬀ‛䈱ⅣႺᔕ╵ᯏ᭴䈱⎇ⓥ

ጤ ፒ

ବ ੺ಎ

᝼

ℂ

䉺䊮䊌䉪⾰䈱ᩭ㺍⚦⢩⾰㑆ャㅍ䈮䉋䉎ᬀ‛ᯏ⢻೙ᓮၮ␆↢๮⑼ቇ ቟ ᧲

ብ ᓼᢎ

᝼

ℂ

േ‛䈱ⅣႺㆡᔕ䈱⣖ౝᯏ᭴

೨

ട

㊁

ᢎ

᝼

ℂ

ᬀ‛䊕䊦䉥䉨䉸䊷䊛䈱ᒻᚑ䊶ಽൻᯏ᭴

੗ ╴

䉉 䉂ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

ℂ

േ‛䈱ེቭᒻᚑ䈮䈍䈔䉎⚦⢩ᱫ䈫఺∉ᯏ᭴

દ ᧲

ቁ ␭ഥ

ᢎ

ℂ

ㆮવሶ䈱⠡⸶෻ᔕ䈮㑐䈜䉎↢૕ಽሶ䈱᭴ㅧᯏ⢻⸃ᨆ

⮮ 㑆

⌀ ♿ഥ

ᢎ

ℂ

఺∉ᔕ╵䈱ಽሶ⚦⢩ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ቟ᚱ↰ ᥓมഥ

ᢎ

ℂ㝼㘃䈱❥ᱺᚢ⇛䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱ⴕേ↢ᘒቇ⊛⎇ⓥ

㋈ ᧁ

⹎ ሶഥ

ᢎ

⥄

↢‛⒳․⇣⊛䈭♧㎮䈱᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆ䈫♧ォ⒖㉂⚛䈱⎇ⓥ

⏉ഥ

ᢎ

ℂ

᳓↢↢‛䈱↢ᘒ䈫ⅣႺ䈻䈱ᔕ╵䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

ᄢ ጊ

ථ Ὼᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

䉻䉟䉵䈱౒↢⊛⓸⚛࿕ቯ䈫⎣㉄䈱ๆ෼ઍ⻢

㐷 ⣁

ၮ ੑᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

䉺䊮䊌䉪⾰ઍ⻢䈱ᩕ㙃ᕈ⺞▵

ศ

㇌ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

ᬀ‛䈮䈍䈔䉎ήᯏ⓸⚛䈱ๆ෼䊶หൻ䈱೙ᓮᯏ᭴

ਃ䉿੗

ᢅ᣿ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

㜞᷷⊓ᾫ⠴ᕈ䉟䊈䈱㐿⊒⎇ⓥ

ᷰ ㆺ

೰ ᔒᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

ᓸ↢‛㉂⚛䈱᭴ㅧᯏ⢻⸃ᨆ䈫ㆮવሶ⊒⃻⺞▵ᯏ᭴䈱⸃᣿દ⮮ ♿⟤ሶᢎ

᝼ㄘ䉟䊈⠡⸶ᓟୃ㘼࿃ሶ䈱⎇ⓥ䈫ᣂᄸ‛ᕈ䉕ᜬ䈧䊂䊮䊒䊮䈱㐿⊒

ᧃ

↰

ᄢ ┻
ᔕ↪↢๮䊶
㘩ຠ⑼ቇ

ᢎ

ᦶಎ

㘵

⮮

ᢎ

ⓥ

ᙗ ㇌ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

䉻䉟䉵⒳ሶ⾂⬿䉺䊮䊌䉪⾰㓸Ⓧ⺞▵ᯏ᭴

ദಎ

ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

ᓸ↢‛䈱↢↥䈜䉎↢ℂᵴᕈ‛⾰䈱ត⚝䊶ᯏ⢻䊶↢วᚑ᝼ㄘ㘩ຠ䈱䈍䈇䈚䈘䉇ᯏ⢻ᕈ䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

૒

⮮

ၔ

᢯ ᔒ ᄦᢎ

ኈ

㋈ ᧁ

৻ ผಎ

ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

⚦⩶䈱ㆮવሶ⊒⃻೙ᓮᯏ᭴

ਛ ੗

ඳ ਯಎ

ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

ᯏ⢻ᕈ♧⾰䈱↢↥㐿⊒

⷏ ᶏ

ℂ ਯᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

㜞࿶㘩ຠ⑼ቇ䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ䋬㘩⡺䈱‛ᕈ೙ᓮ䈫⚿ว⚵❱䈱᭴ㅧ䊶ᯏ⢻䈮㑐䈜
䉎⎇ⓥ

ේ
ේ ↰
⮮

᧛

ፏಎ

ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

㘩ຠᚑಽ䈱఺∉೙ᓮᯏ⢻

⋥ ᮸ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

࿯ფᓸ↢‛䈱ᯏ⢻⸃ᨆ䈫ⅣႺୃᓳ╬䈻䈱೑↪䋬ㄘ࿾䈮䈍䈔䉎᡼኿ᕈ‛⾰䈱᜼േ䈫૞‛ๆ෼䈱ᛥ೙

ᔋಎ

ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

╭⡺䉺䊮䊌䉪⾰ઍ⻢෸䈶㘩⡺ᯏ⢻䈱⺞▵−56−䋼↢๮䊶㘩ᢱ⑼ቇኾ᡹䋾ࠦ࡯ࠬᚲ ዻ ᢎ ຬ⡯

ᔕ↪↢๮䊶
㘩ຠ⑼ቇ

ฬᚲ ዻ⎇

ⓥ

ౝ

ኈ

ਃ ੉

໪ ๋ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

ᬀ‛ᚑಽ䈎䉌䈱ᯏ⢻ᕈ‛⾰䈱⵾ㅧ

᧖ ᧄ

⪇ ᐘಎ

ᢎ

᝼

⥄

♧⾰ട᳓ಽ⸃㉂⚛䈱᭴ㅧ䈫ᯏ⢻䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

ખ ㊁

ජ ⑺ഥ

ᢎ

⥄

᦭↪‛⾰䈱↢วᚑ䈍䉋䈶㕖ᄤὼဳൻว‛䈱ഃ⵾䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

ഥ

ᢎ

⥄

ᓸ↢‛䈏᡼಴䈜䉎ើ⊒ᕈ‛⾰䈮䉋䉎䉲䊨䉟䊇䊅䉵䊅䈮䈍䈔䉎ố☳↢วᚑ䈱ᵴᕈൻᯏ᭴䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

㊁ ਛ

᣽ ᴺᢎ

᝼

ᛛ

᡼኿ᕈ‛⾰䈱ㄘᬺ↢ᘒ♽䈮䈍䈔䉎᜼േ⸃ᨆ

ᧁ ධ

⩐ ⩐ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

㐿⊒䈮㑐䉒䉎⻉໧㗴䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

ᷡ ㊁

⺈ ༑ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

㘩ຠ↥ᬺ෸䈶ㄘᬺ䈮䈍䈔䉎䊙䊷䉬䊁䉞䊮䉫⎇ⓥ

ᐔ ᴰ

శ ৻ಎ

᝼

ㄘ

ㄘᬺᛛⴚ᭴ㅧ䈫࿾ၞㄘᬺ▤ℂ䈱⎇ⓥ

દ ⮮

੫ มഥ

ᢎ

ㄘ

㘩ຠ↥ᬺ䈱⚻ᷣ᭴ㅧ䋬࿾႐ㄘ↥ടᎿᬺ䈱ዷ㐿䈫ේᢱㄘ↥‛Ꮢ႐䈫䈱㑐ଥ䈮
㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

ฎ Ỉ

ᘕ ৻ഥ

ᢎ

ㄘ

ㄘᬺ⾗Ḯ▤ℂ䈫䉮䊚䊠䊆䊁䉞䊎䉳䊈䉴䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

ጟ ፒ

᩵ ৻ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

ಽሶㆮવቇ⊛ᚻᴺ䈮䉋䉎⢒⒳

ఽ ፉ

ᷡ ⑲ᢎ

᝼

⥄

ᨐ᮸䊶⬹⩿䈱⊒⢒䈱ಽሶ䊶↢ℂᯏ᭴

㜞 ᯅ

⢻ ᒾᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

૞‛↢↥䈮䈍䈔䉎⢈ၭ▤ℂᛛⴚ

㪤㪩㪦㪬㪘㪥㪜
㪙㪘㪪㪣㪘㪤

ᢎ

ਛ

㊁

ఝಎ

ᢎ

᝼

⥄

ᬀ‛⚵❱ၭ㙃ᛛⴚ䉕↪䈇䈢Ⴧᱺ䊶⢒⒳

ᷰ

ㆻ

⡸ಎ

ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

૞‛䈱↢ℂ䊶↢ᘒ䈱⸃ᨆ䈫↢↥ᕈะ਄䈻䈱ᔕ↪

⟵ ቁಎ

ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

ᬀ‛䉡䉟䊦䉴䈱∉ቇ䈍䉋䈶ಽሶ↢‛ቇ

ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

ⅣႺ଻ోဳᩱၭ䈍䉋䈶ຠ⒳ᡷ⦟

↢‛⾗Ḯ⑼ቇ ૒ ㊁
㖧

᧲

↢ಎ

㜞 ↰

⦟ ਃᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

ኅ⇓䈮䈍䈔䉎䉺䊮䊌䉪⾰䊶⢽⢌⫾Ⓧ䈱೙ᓮᯏ᭴

ᣂ ᧛

ᧃ 㓶ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

ູ੃േ‛ෆሶ䈱ᯏ⢻ᒻᘒቇ⊛⎇ⓥ

ጊ ↰

ቱ ᳗ᢎ

᝼

ㄘ

ታ㛎േ‛䊶ኅ⇓䈮䈍䈔䉎ㆮવቇ⊛⸃ᨆ

᧖ ጊ

⒤ ᕺಎ

᝼

ㄘ

േ‛䈱㛽䈫䉦䊦䉲䉡䊛ઍ⻢䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥศ↰ ᥓ૫ሶഥ

ᢎㄘኅ⇓䈮䈍䈔䉎❥ᱺᕈะ਄䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ

ጊ ၔ ⑲ ᤘഥᢎㄘ↢ᱺᎿቇᛛⴚ䈱ᡷ⦟䊶㐿⊒䈫䈠䈱ᔕ↪

⷏

᝼

ㄘ

ⅣႺ䉴䊃䊧䉴䈮ኻ䈜䉎૞‛䈱෻ᔕ᭽ᑼ䈱⎇ⓥ᝼ㄘ⨲࿾䈮䈍䈔䉎↢ᘒ♽ᯏ⢻䈫േ‛䊶ᬀ‛㑆⋧੕૞↪䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥᢎㄘᬀ‛䈱ㆮવ⊛ᄙ᭽ᕈ䈫䈠䈱⢒⒳೑↪䈱⎇ⓥ

᧛

ᢎ

ታᢎ

᧼ ㊁

ᔒ ㇢ಎ

ᷓ ੗

⧷ ๋ഥ

ᢎ

−57−

䠘⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ䠚ࢥ࣮ࢫᡤ ᒓ ᩍ ဨ⫋

✲

ෆ

๪ ᓥ

ᾈ ୍ᩍ

ᤵ

⌮

ከ౯䜲䜸䞁䛸≀㉁䛾┦஫స⏝䛾ゎ᫂ᮏ ⏣᫂ ἞෸ ᩍ ᤵ⌮Ẽೃኚື䛻㛵䜟䜛኱Ẽ኱ᚠ⎔䛸␗ᖖẼ㇟

ᾋ ⏣

⏒ 㑻ᩍ

ᤵ

⌮

኱Ẽ䞉ᾏὒ䞉㞷ị⤖ྜ⣔䛻䛚䛡䜛⣲㐣⛬䛾ゎ᫂

ᯇ ᒸ

ྐ 㑻ᩍ

ᤵ

⌮

㧗㑅ᢥୗ䛷⾜䛖ᚤ㔞ᡂศ䛾㧗ឤᗘィ

‫ ‮‬ᕝ

㟹 ᙪᩍ

ᤵ

⌮

␗᰾ከ᰾㘒య䛾ྜᡂ䛸ᵓ㐀䞉ᛶ㉁䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲⪽෸ ᩍ ᤵ

⌮ග䛚䜘䜃⇕᭷ᶵ཯ᛂᶵᵓ䛾⌮ㄽⓗ䞉ᐇ㦂ⓗ◊✲ஂಖ⏣ ႐⿱ ෸ ᩍ ᤵ⌮㈨※䞉⎔ቃᆅ㉁Ꮫ

ᯘ⌮᳜≀⣽⬊䛾⎔ቃ㐺ᛂᶵᵓ䛸䜸䝹䜺䝛䝷䛾ᶵ⬟ᙧែ⌮ᾏ⸴㢮䛾✀ศ໬䞉㞟ᅋศ໬ᤵ⌮⬨᳝ື≀䛾㑇ఏᏛ䠈≉䛻ᛶỴᐃ䛾ศᏊᶵᵓዉⰋ㛫 ༓அ ෸ ᩍ ᤵ⌮䜰䝆䜰ᒣᓅᆅᇦ䛾ịἙ䞉ịἙ⅏ᐖ䛾⌧≧ゎ᫂๎ ᮎ࿴ ᏹ෸ ᩍ ᤵ⌮ᾏὒ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᚤ㔞ඖ⣲䛸ྠ఩య䛾ศᕸ䞉ᚠ⎔䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲

▼ ᓮ

ᬛ ⨾ຓ

ᩍ

⮬

㔝⏕᳜≀䛻䛚䛡䜛⿕㣗㜵⾨ᶵᵓ䛾ゎ᫂

⸨ ᮧ

⾮ ⮳ຓ

ᩍ

⌮

㨶㢮䛾ᙧែ㐍໬䛸䝀䝜䝮㐍໬䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲⢖⏕⏣ ᛅ㞝 ຓᩍ㎰ᅵተ䛾≀⌮໬Ꮫᛶ䛸స≀⏕⫱䛾㛵ಀゎ᫂

✄ ⴥ

ᩍ

㎰

ᆅୗỈ᮲௳䛛䜙䜏䛯ᆅ䛩䜉䜚䛾Ⓨ⏕ᶵᵓ䜴䜱䝍䜹䞉䜰䞁䝗
෸ ᩍ ᤵ
䝸
䝳
䞊

⮬

ᒣᆅὶᇦ䛷䛾ฟỈὶฟ㐣⛬䛾ỈᩥᆅᙧᏛⓗ◊✲኱ᶫ ៅኴ㑻 ຓᩍ㎰㎰ᴗ⏕⏘䛻䛚䛡䜛▼Ἔ௦᭰䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊฼⏝䛻䜘䜛ᆅᇦάᛶ໬

⣬ ㇂

ᤵ

⮬

⏕ែ⣔䛾⟶⌮䛜᳜≀✀ከᵝᛶ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪⮻⮬↛䝅䝇䝔䝮
⛉Ꮫ

ྡᡤ ᒓ◊

஭

ඵ ᑑ Ꮚ෸ ᩍ ᤵ

ୖ ஭
㓇

Ἠ

㐍 ஓ෸ ᩍ ᤵ
‶ᩍ

୍ ᡂຓ

ᬛ ᙪᩍ

ἲ

ᶒ

⏣

㇏෸ ᩍ ᤵ

㎰῱ὶ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᅵ◁⛣ື⌧㇟䛾ゎ᫂

ᓮ

ᑿ

ᆒᩍ

ᤵ

㎰

ᶞᮌ䛾⏕άྐ䛸⦾Ṫᡓ␎㕥 ᮌဴ ஓ෸ ᩍ ᤵ㎰㠀◚ቯ᳨ᰝᢏ⾡䜢⏝䛔䛯ᵓ㐀ᮦᩱ䛾ᦆയᗘホ౯ἲ䛾㛤Ⓨ◊✲

㛵 ᓥ

ᜏ ኵᩍ

ᤵ

㎰

㔝⏕ື≀䛾⏕ែ䛸ಖㆤ䞉⟶⌮

ㄔᩍ

ᤵ

㎰

⎔ቃኚື䛚䜘䜃⎔ቃởᰁ䛜⏕ែ⣔䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪

࿴ ᘯᩍ

ᤵ

⮬

㎰ᴗ⎔ቃ䛾ไᚚ䛸㧗ရ㉁㎰ᴗ䜈䛾䝅䝇䝔䝮໬㛗㇂ᕝ ⱥኵ ෸ ᩍ ᤵ㎰⎔ቃಖ඲ᆺ㎰ᴗ䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛㎰ᴗᶵᲔ䛾㛤Ⓨᮏ 㛫⯟ ௓෸ ᩍ ᤵ㎰᳃ᯘ⩌㞟䛾᭦᪂ືែゎᯒ

⟪ ཱྀ

⚽ ኵᩍ

ᤵ

㎰

᳃ᯘ䛻䛚䛡䜛⏕≀⿕ᐖ䛾㜵㝖䛸ከᵝᛶ䛾⥔ᣢᮧ ୖᣅ ᙪ෸ ᩍ ᤵ㎰ᆅ⌮✵㛫᝟ሗ䠄㻳㻵㻿䠈䝸䝰䞊䝖䝉䞁䝅䞁䜾䠅䜢㥑౑䛧䛯⏕ែᏛⓗ◊✲ඖ Ọె Ꮥ෸ ᩍ ᤵ㎰⏕≀᝟ሗ䛾䝉䞁䝅䞁䜾ᢏ⾡䛸䛭䛾฼⏝

᳃ ஭

ಇ ᘅᩍ

ᤵ

㎰

㎰ᴗỈ฼᪋タ䛾タィ䞉ᶵ⬟ಖ඲ཬ䜃⎔ቃㄪ࿴ᢏ⾡䛾㛤Ⓨ

᳃ ཱྀ

႐ ᡂຓ

ᩍ

⮬

↓ⰼ⢊䝇䜼䛾ศᏊ⫱✀䛻ྥ䛡䛯◊✲

ὶᇦ⎔ቃᏛ
୰

⏣

୰ 㔝

−58−

ᐜ

䠘⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ䠚ࢥ࣮ࢫᡤ ᒓ ᩍ ဨ⫋

ྡᡤ ᒓ◊

✲

ෆ

ྜྷ ᕝ

ኟ ᶞ෸ ᩍ ᤵ㎰㎰ᆅ䛾ῶ⅏䞉㜵⅏ᶵ⬟䛚䜘䜃㎰ᆅ⣔䛻䛚䛡䜛Ỉᚠ⎔ᆏ ⏣ᑀ ௦෸ ᩍ ᤵ㎰㎰ᮧᆅᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᅵᆅ฼⏝䛾Ṕྐⓗኚ㑄䛚䜘䜃㎰ᆅ➼䛾༊⏬≉ᛶὶᇦ⎔ቃᏛ ᮃ ᭶

⩧ ኴຓ

ᩍ

⮬

ᆅ⌮✵㛫᝟ሗ䜢ά⏝䛧䛯㔝⏕ື≀䛾ಖㆤ⟶⌮

㜿 㒊

ᬕ ᜨຓ

ᩍ

㎰

ᓥᕋཬ䜃ᮏᕞ䛻䛚䛡䜛᳜≀䛾✀ศ໬䜔⏕≀㛫┦஫స⏝⣔䛾◊✲㻷㻻㻸㻱㻿㻺㻵㻷㻻㼂㻭ຓ㻱㻸㻵㼆㻭㼂㻱㼀㻭ᩍ⮬⎔ᮾ䜰䝆䜰䛻䛚䛡䜛⎔ቃಖ඲ᆺ㎰ᴗ䛸㣗ᩱᏳ඲ಖ㞀

㧗 ᶫ

ᩗ 㞝ᩍ

ᤵ

ᕤ

䈜♫ ⎔ቃᚤ㔞ởᰁ≀㉁ไᚚ䞉㏵ୖᅜ⏝᤼Ỉฎ⌮

Ἠ ᐑ

ᑛ ྖᩍ

ᤵ

ᕤ

䈜♫ ᾏᓊ㜵ㆤ䛸⎔ቃゎᯒ

㜿 㒊

࿴ ஂᩍ

ᤵ

ᕤ

䈜♫ ᛂ⏝ຊᏛ䞉ィ⟬ຊᏛ

బ ఑

❳ ᙪᩍ

ᤵ

ᕤ

䈜♫ 䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᵓ㐀≀䛾⥔ᣢ⟶⌮᪉ἲ⣚ 㟢୍ ᐶ෸ ᩍ ᤵ⮬䈜♫ ♫఍ᇶ┙ᕤᏛ䛻䛚䛡䜛⎔ቃ䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁ᩪ⸨㇦෸ ᩍ ᤵᕤ䈜♫ ᘓタᮦᩱ⛉Ꮫ኱➉㞝෸ ᩍ ᤵᕤ䈜♫ ᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀䛾ಙ㢗ᛶホ౯䞉䝸䝇䜽ホ౯ᩍᕤ䈜♫ Ꮿᆅ䛾ᆅ┙㜵⅏ோ෸ ᩍ ᤵ

ᕤ䈜♫䞉ᘓ 㒔ᕷ䞉ᆅᇦᨻ⟇

ಖ ᆏ
ᑎ
♫఍ᇶ┙䞉
ᘓ⠏Ꮫ

ᑿ

ྜྷ ๎ຓ

す ᮧ

ఙ ஓᩍ

ᤵ

ᕤ

䈜ᘓ ᘓ⠏䞉䝕䝄䜲䞁䞉ィ⏬

ຍ ⸨

኱ ௓ᩍ

ᤵ

ᕤ

䈜ᘓ 㕲➽䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᵓ㐀䛾⪏㟈タィἲ

ᅵ ஭

ᕼ ♸ᩍ

ᤵ

ᕤ

䈜ᘓ 㗰䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ྜᡂᵓ㐀䛾タィ᪉ἲ

㉥ ᯘ

ఙ ୍ᩍ

ᤵ

⮬

䈜ᘓ ᘓ⠏䞉㒔ᕷ䛻䛚䛡䜛⎔ቃタィ

ᒸ ᓮ

⠜ ⾜ᩍ

ᤵ

ᕤ

䈜ᘓ 㒔ᕷᬒほィ⏬䛸ᕷẸཧຍ㯮 㔝ᘯ 㟹෸ ᩍ ᤵᕤ䈜ᘓ ఫᒃᘓ⠏䛸䛭䛾㞟ྜ䛾ィ⏬⌮ㄽ୰ ᮧᏕ ஓ෸ ᩍ ᤵᕤ䈜ᘓ 䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᵓ㐀≀䛾⪏㟈ᛶホ౯኱ ᔱᣅ ஓ෸ ᩍ ᤵᕤ䈜ᘓ ᘓ⠏䞉㒔ᕷ䛻䛚䛡䜛㡢⎔ቃண

ᯇ ஭

኱ ㍜ຓ

ᩍ

ᕤ

䈜ᘓ 㒔ᕷィ⏬䞉㒔ᕷ䝕䝄䜲䞁

ᜨຓ

ᩍ

ᕤ

䈜ᘓ ᘓ⠏ィ⏬䞉䝕䝄䜲䞁

㧗 ⃝

ᰤ ୍ᩍ

ᤵ

⌮

ୖ㒊䝬䞁䝖䝹䝎䜲䝘䝭䜽䝇䛾ᒾ▼Ꮫⓗ䞉ᆅ⌫໬Ꮫⓗ◊✲

㇏ ᓥ

๛ ᚿᩍ

ᤵ

⌮

䝬䜲䝻䝘䜲䝖䞉ኚᙧ㞟୰䞉䝅䝳䞊䝗䝍䜻䝷䜲䝖䞉ᆅ㟈䞉ᆅẆ䛾䝺䜸䝻䝆䞊

ᑠ ᯘ

೺ ኴㅮ

ᖌ

⌮

⬤ᛶ᩿ᒙ䞉ά᩿ᒙ䞉ᆅ㟈᩿ᒙ䛻㛵䛩䜛ᵓ㐀ᆅ㉁Ꮫ

⠜ᩍ

ᤵ

⌮

ᾋ㐟ᛶཎ⏕⏕≀䛾㐍໬䛸ᾏὒ⎔ቃኚ㑄ྐ䛾◊✲ᰩ ཎᩄ அ෸ ᩍ ᤵ⮬ᚤྂ⏕≀Ꮫ䛻䜘䜛㢧⏕௦ᆅྐ䛾◊✲ᰩ ⏣⿱ ྖ෸ ᩍ ᤵ⌮ᆅᒙグ㘓䛾ゎㄞ䛻䜘䜛ሁ✚┅ᆅⓎ㐩ྐ䛾ゎ᫂

Წ

ᯇ

⏣

ᒸ

ᆅ⌫⛉Ꮫ

㻿㻭㼀㻵㻿㻴㻌㻌㻷㼁㻹㻭㻾㻘㻹㻭㻰㻴㼁㻿㻻㻻㻰㻴㻭㻺

ᑠ す

ᩍ

ᤵ

⌮

ඛ䜹䞁䝤䝸䜰ᆅ㉁Ꮫ

༤ ᕭᩍ

ᤵ

⮬

㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾ἲ䛻䜘䜛⏕≀䞊㖔≀┦஫స⏝䛾◊✲䛸䝘䝜䝭䝛䝷䝻䝆䞊䚷䚷䚷䈜♫䛿♫఍ᇶ┙⣔䠈䈜ᘓ䛿ᘓ⠏⣔䜢♧䛧䜎䛩䚹

−59−

ᐜ

䠘⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ䠚ࢥ࣮ࢫᡤ ᒓ ᩍ ဨ⫋

ᆅ⌫⛉Ꮫ

ྡᡤ ᒓ◊

✲

ෆ

㧗 ᶫ

ಇ 㑻෸ ᩍ ᤵ⌮ᓥᘼⅆᒣᒾ䛾ᒾ▼Ꮫⓗ䞉ᆅ⌫໬Ꮫⓗ◊✲᳜ ⏣ຬ ே෸ ᩍ ᤵ⌮௜ຍయ䛸㧗ᅽኚᡂᒾ䛾䝔䜽䝖䝙䜽䝇᳝ 㔝ຬ ኴ෸ ᩍ ᤵ⌮ྂ⏕≀䛾ᶵ⬟ᙧែ㐍໬ᩳ㠃⅏ᐖ䛾Ⓨ⏕ᶵᵓゎ᫂䛸ண ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ

⚟

ᒸ

ᾈᩍ

ᤵ

⅏

Ἑ ᓥ

ඞ ஂᩍ

ᤵ

⅏

༦ 㒊

ཌ ᚿ෸ ᩍ ᤵ⅏ᖹ㔝ᆅ┙⅏ᐖ䛾≉ᚩ䛸㜵⅏∦ ᒸ㤶 Ꮚ෸ ᩍ ᤵ⅏ⅆᒣᄇⅆ᫬䠈ᄇⅆᚋ䛾ㅖ⌧㇟䛸ⅆᒣ⅏ᐖ䞉ⅆᒣᅵ◁⅏ᐖᏳ ⏣ᾈ ಖ෸ ᩍ ᤵ⅏἞Ỉ䛸⎔ቃ䛾୧⪅䛻㓄៖䛧䛯ᩘ⌮ⓗ䛺ἙᕝᕤᏛ䛾☜❧䜈䛾ᣮᡓΏ 㒊┤ ႐෸ ᩍ ᤵ⅏ᩳ㠃⅏ᐖ䛻䛚䛡䜛Ỉᩥᆅ⌫໬Ꮫⓗ䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏ᐜᬮከ㞷ᆅᇦ䛾Ẽ㇟䞉㞷ị⅏ᐖ䛾䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮ゎ᫂䛸ᑐ⟇ᢏ⾡⅏ᐖ⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ

䠘ᩍ⫱◊✲㧗ᗘ໬䝉䞁䝍䞊䠚ᡤ ᒓ ᩍ ဨ⫋

ྡᡤ ᒓ◊

㔝

ᤵ

୰

ᩄᩍ

⮬

✲

ෆ

ᐜ

ᛴ㏿䛺䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹໬䛾୰䛷䛾ᆅ᪉䛾୰ᑠ〇㐀ᴗ䛾䛒䜚᪉䚸ᆅ᪉๰⏕䛻ྥ䛡䛯ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻ䛾୰ᑠ௻ᴗ᣺⯆᪋⟇䚸䛥䜙䛻䛿ᆅ᪉๰⏕䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅ᪉኱Ꮫ䛾ᙺ๭䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ㄪᰝ◊✲−60−