The 8th Southeast
Asia Collaborative
Symposium on Energy
Materials (SACSEM)

28 - 29

November2022

Agenda1

To join, use the ZOOM link or QR code below:
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/86877242631?pwd=WmZiSHRma21CT3ZXOFZPKzZDYWZuQT09

2

The 8th Southeast Asia Collaborative Symposium
on Energy Materials (SACSEM 8th)
28-29, Nov. 2022

Invited Speaker: Presentation (15 min.) + Discussion (4 min.) + Change (1 min.)Student Speaker: Presentation (10 min.) + Discussion (4 min.) + Change (1 min.)Day 1
28th November 2022 (Japan time)
Chair: Prof. Yohei Yamamoto
Time

No

Affiliation

16:00-16:15

OP

UT

Presenter

Title

Prof. Yohei Yamamoto

Opening remark and Introduction of research
in MI and TREMS

16:15-16:35

I01

UT

Prof. Takahiro Kondo

Hydrogen boride and boron monosulfide sheets

16:35-16:55

I02

NIMS

Prof. Sepehri Amin

Tunning the hysteresis of magnetic materials byHosseinmicrostructure engineering

Prof. Yuichiro Himeda

Development of Catalysts in CO2 Utilization for

16:55-17:15

I03

AIST

Storage and Production of H2
17:15-17:35

I04

ITB

Dr. Muhammad Iqbal

In Search of Excellence: Convex versus
Concave Noble Metal Nanostructures forElectrocatalytic Applications

17:35-17:55

I05

UKM

Prof. Lorna Jeffery Minggu

Photoelectrochemical
Using

Earth

Hydrogen

Abundant

Production

Metal

Oxide

Photoelectrodes
17:55-18:15

I06

UKM

Dr. Vidhya Selvanathan

Organosoluble Starch and Cellulose derivatives
in DSSC: Unravelling the Synergy between
Electrolyte

Rheology

andPhotovoltaic

Properties

18:15-18:30

Short break

Chair: Assoc. Prof. Takahiro Kondo
Time

No

Affiliation

18:30-18:50

I07

UTP

Presenter

Title

Dr. Lila Iznita Izhar

A Preliminary Study on Effectiveness of Brief
Mindfulness in Reducing Sress and Anxiety
among Students with High Neuroticism basedon Peripheral Physiological Data3

18:50-19:10

I08

KMUTT

Prof. Navadol

Lignin Fractionation and Valorization Platforms

Laosiripojana

forConverting

Potential

Biomasses

toIndustrial- Needed Macromolecular Building
Block Products
19:10-19:30

I09

UDE

Dr. Sven Reichenberger

Identification of Structure-Activity Correlations
by Pulsed Laser Defect Engineering in Liquids

19:30-19:50

I10

UDE

Prof. Heiko Wende

Functional magnetocaloric materials on atomic
length scales: an element specific perspective

19:50-20:10

I11

ECNU

Prof. Shaoqiang Chen

Lasing Dynamics in Perovskite Microcavities

20:10-20:30

I12

UPD

Prof. Elmer Estacio

Overview of the academic and research
profiles of the National Institute of Physic,
University of the Philippines and its work on
Terahertz optoelectronics

20:30-20:50

I13

KEK

Prof. Kenta Amemiya

Real-time Observation of Surface Chemical
Reactions by Wavelength-dispersive Soft Xray Absorption Spectroscopy

Day 2
29th November 2021 (Japan time)
Chair: Prof. Muneaki Hase
Time

No

Affiliation

14:00-14:15

S01

UT

Presenter

Title

Mr. Fadilla Akhmad Fadel

Development of synthesis method for metalsubstituted-type λ-Ti3O5

14:15-14:30

S02

UT

Mr. Kentaro Maejima

Abrupt vapor release from porous molecular
crystal with visible light

14:30-14:45

S03

ITB

Mr. Fathan Aditya Sanjaya

Study on Mechanism of Fenton Catalyst from
Grinding Spark of Waste Metal for Textile
Industry Dye Pollutant

14:45-15:00

S04

ITB

Ms. Chandra Wulandari

Modification of Surface Plasmon Resonance(SPR) Biosensor using MoS2-MoO3 Hybrid
Microflowersfor

CFP-10Tuberculosis

Detection
15:00-15:15

S05

ITB

Mr. Muhammad

Functionalization of Magnetic Fluorescent Silica

Yovinanda Maulana

Nanoparticles

with

Angiotensin-Converting

Enzyme II for Detection of Severe AcuteRespiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2
15:15-15:30

S06

UKM

Ms. Syaza Amira Binti

Deep Eutectic Solvent Assisted Ionothermal

RazaliSynthesis of Cobalt Based Metal-organic
ComplexasSupercapacitors

4

Electrode

Materialin15:30-15:45

S07

UKM

Mr. Md. Mahfuzul Haque

Developing High Stable Perovskite Solar Cell
Using RF Magnetron Sputtered Mo-doped
Tungsten Oxide as Electron Transport Layer

15:45-16:00

S08

UTP

Mr. Mohamad Adil Iman

Molecular Insight into Hybridization of Metal-

Bin IshakOrganic Frameworks and Choline-based Ionic
Liquids (MOF-IL) for Gas Adsorption

16:00-16:15

S09

UTP

Mr. Mohd Sofi Bin Numin

Theoretical Studies of Quaternary Ammonium
Surfactant Corrosion Inhibitors on Fe (110) in
Acetic Acid Media via DFT Calculation and MD
Simulation

16:15-16:30

Short break

Chair: Assoc. Prof. Masaki Hada
Time
16:30-16:45

No
S10

Affiliation
Presenter
KMUTT
Ms. Chanakarn Piwnuan

16:45-17:00

S11

KMUTT

Ms. Wassana Lekkla

17:00-17:15

S12

KMUTT

Ms. Saravy Dum

Title
Preparation of Au-CsWO3 Nanocomposites andNear-Infrared Shielding Performance of theMaterials: A feasibility study
Utilization of Cellophane Paper as Flexible
Substrates in Perovskite Solar Cells
Recovering of Silicon Wafers for Silicon Fine
Particles Production

17:15-17:30

S13

UDE

Ms. Johanna Lill

Nuclear resonant scattering for hysteresis
design of magnetocaloric materials

17:30-17:45

S14

UDE

Mr. Timo Wagner

Changing surface morphology and chemistry byscalable

atmosphericpressure

plasmatreatment
17:45-18:00

S15

ECNU

Mr. Youyang Wang

Computer-Vision-Aided
Detection

and

Solar

Classification

Cell

Defectin

Absolute

Electroluminescence Imaging
18:00-18:15

S16

ECNU

Ms. Rui Wang

Improving Vapor-Transport-Deposited Sb2S3
Thin-Film Solar Cells through Source Position
Optimization

18:15-18:30

S17

UPD

Mr. Vince Paul Juguilon

Carrier capture dynamics in InAs/GaAs selfassembled quantum dots investigated using
time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy

18:30-18:45

S18

UPD

Mr. Jared Operaña

Goos-Hänchen Shifts in low-loss dielectrics:
Experimental observations in Si substrate

18:45-

CL

19:00-BA

UTProf. Muneaki Hase

Closing remark
Discussion Session at Each University

5Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB, Indonesia)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM, Malaysia)
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP, Malaysia)
King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT, Thailand)
Universität Duisburg-Essen (UDE, Germany)
East China Normal University (ECNU, China)
University of the Philippines Diliman (UPD, Philippine)
University of Tsukuba (UT, NIMS, AIST, KEK, Japan)

6Invited Lectures

7

I01

Hydrogen boride and boron monosulfide sheets
Takahiro Kondo1
1Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan

E-mail: takahiro@ims.tsukuba.ac.jp

As new 2D metal-free materials, we have reported boron monosulfide (BS)sheets [1] and hydrogen boride (HB) sheets [2]. The BS sheets are crystalline
semiconductor and its bandgap was found to be tuned to a desired value bycontrolling the number of stacked 2D BS nanosheet [1]. HB sheets are composed of boron and hydrogenat a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, which can be formed by an ion-exchange reaction between protons andmagnesium cations in magnesium diboride with exfoliation [2]. In the HB sheets, boron atoms form ahexagonal 2D network, in which hydrogen atoms are bound to boron by three-center-two-electron bonds(B–H–B) and two-center-two-electron bonds (B–H) [3]. Experimental studies have clarified that HB
sheets exhibit solid acid catalytic activity [4], metal ion reducibility [5, 6], semimetal electronic properties[7], gas-sensor applicability [3], stability against water [8], CO2 adsorption/conversion property including
C-C coupling [9], and a light-responsive hydrogen release function [10]. Furthermore, theoretical studies
have revealed intriguing electronic [11] optical, and thermal properties [12], as well as possible
applications of HB sheets as rechargeable Li/Na ion battery electrodes [13], hydrogen release [14],reversible hydrogen storage [15], current limiting [16], photodetectors, individual identification of aminoacids [17], and anodes for rechargeable potassium-ion batteries with a high capacity, low voltage, anddesirable rate performance. In this talk, the synthesis, evaluation, and application of HB and BS sheets
will be presented.
Acknowledgement
These works were done with Mr. H. Nishino, Prof. T. Fujita, Dr. N. T. Cuong, Dr. S. Tominaka, Prof. M.
Miyauchi, Dr. S. Iimura, Dr. A. Hirata, Dr. N. Umezawa, Prof. S. Okada, Prof. E. Nishibori, Mr. A. Fujino,
Mr. R. Ishibiki, Mr. T. Goto, Mr. H. Kusaka, Dr. M. Toyoda, Prof. T. Tokunaga, Prof. A. Yamamoto, Dr.
M. Miyakawa, Dr. K. Horiba, Prof. S. Saito, Dr. T. Taniguchi, Dr. K. Watanabe, Dr. S. Shinde, Ms. L. Li,
Prof. T. Sakurai, Ms. M. Lima, Mr. K. Miyazaki, Mr. K. Matsushita, Dr. M. Masuda, Proi. I. Hamada,Prof. Y. Morikawa, Dr. A. Yamaguchi, Mr. R. Kawamura, Dr. S. Ito, Dr. Tateishi, Prof. Niibe, Prof. J. N.
Kondo, Dr. T. Fujitani, Prof. I. Matsuda, Prof. J. Nakamura, and Prof. H. Hosono.
References[1] H. Kusaka, R. Ishibiki, M. Toyoda, et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 9, 24631 (2021).
[2] H. Nishino, T. Fujita, N. T. Cuong, S. Tominaka, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 13761 (2017).
[3] S. Tominaka, R. Ishibiki, A. Fujino, K. Kawakami, et al., Chem, 6, 406 (2020).
[4] A. Fujino, et al., ACS Omega, 4, 14100 (2019). A. Fujino, et al., PCCP 23, 7724 (2021).
[5] S. I. Ito, T. Hirabayashi, R. Ishibiki, R. Kawamura, et al., Chem. Lett. 49, 789 (2020).
[6] S. Gao, Y. Zhang, J. Bi, B. Wang, C. Li, J. Liu, et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 8, 18856 (2020).
[7] I. Tateishi, N. T. Cuong, C. A. S. Moura, et al. Phys. Rev. Mate. 3, 024004 (2019).
[8] K. I. Rojas, N. T. Cuong, H. Nishino, Commun. Mate. 2, 81 (2021).
[9] T. Goto, S. Ito, S. L. Shindem et al., Commun. Chem. 5, 118 (2022).
[10] R. Kawamura, N. Cuong, T. Fujita, R. Ishibiki, et al., Nat. Commun., 10, 4880 (2019).
[11] Y. Jiao, F. Ma, J. Bell, A. Bilic, A. Du, Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed. 55, 10292 (2016).
[12] B. Mortazavi, et al, Nanoscale, 10, 3759 (2018); J. He, et al, NPJ Comput. Mater. 5, 47 (2019).
[13] V. Shukla, et al., PCCP. 20, 22008 (2018); M. Makaremi, et al., Mater. Today Energy 8, 22 (2018).
[14] T. A. Abtew, et al., Phys. Rev. B, 83, 094108 (2011); Phys. Rev. B, 84, 094303 (2011).
[15] L. Chen, X. Chen, C. Duan, Y. Huang, et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 20, 30304 (2018).
[16] Y. An, Y. Hou, H. Wang, J. Li, R. Wu, et al., Phys. Rev. Appl. 11, 064031 (2019).
[17] P. Xiang, X. Chen, B. Xiao, Z. M. Wang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 11, 8115 (2019).

8

I02

Tunning the hysteresis of magnetic materials by
microstructure engineering
H. Sepehri-Amin1,2, Xin Tang1, J. S. Zhang1, E. Dengina1,2, A.
Bolyachkin1, T. Ohkubo1, K. Hono1,2
1National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
2Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

E-mail: h.sepehriamin@nims.go.jp

Magnetic materials are essential component for the green energy conversion and data
storage and they play critical role toward realization of carbon neutral society. One of the key
factors that can result in different functionality in the magnetic materials is so called “hysteresis”.
Hysteresis can be controlled through several intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. Design ofmaterials and their microstructure in a broad length scale from atomic, to nano and micro-scale
can influence the magnet’s hysteresis and their functionality. In this talk, we will discuss thehysteresis requirement for different applications of the magnetic materials; i. e. realizing a large
magnetic hysteresis is desired for permanent magnets and magnetic recording media while
reduction of hysteresis is needed for soft magnets and magnetocaloric materials.
In the first part of presentation, we will show our recent success in realizing a sufficiently
large coercivity of 1.0 T in rare-earth lean SmFe12-based anisotropic magnets assisted bymachine learning (Fig. 1) [1-4]. Based on detailed microstructure characterizations andmicromagnetic simulations, we will discuss the optimum microstructure which can lead to alarger coercivity and remanent magnetization in the anisotropic bulk sintered SmFe12-basedmagnets which have potential to realize the next generation high performance permanent
magnets. In the second part of my talk, we will present our research activity on development ofhysteresis free magnetocaloric materials with a large magnetocaloric effect for the efficient andenvironmental benign cryogenic magnetic refrigeration applications [5-7].

Fig. 1. Development of anisotropic SmFe12-based sintered magnet with sufficiently large coercivity of 1.0 T
References
assisted by machine learning [1-4].
[1] H. Sepehri-Amin et al. Acta Mater. 194 (2020) 337. [2] X. Tang et al. Scripta Mater. 200 (2021) 113925.
[3] J. S. Zhang et al. Acta Mater. 217 (2021) 117161.
[4] J. S. Zhang et al. Acta Mater. 238 (2022) 118228.
[5] J. Lai, et al. Acta Mater. 232 (2022) 117942. [6] J. Lai, H. Sepehri-Amin, et al. Acta Mater. 220 (2021) 117286[7] Xin Tang, H. Sepehri-Amin, et al. Nature Communications 13 (2022) 1.

9

I03

Development of Catalysts in CO2 Utilization for
Storage and Production of H2
Yuichiro Himeda1,2
1National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1

Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
2Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
E-mail: himeda.y@aist.go.jp

Conversion of thermodynamically stable CO2 requires highly efficient catalyst. Herein, we
describe highly effective catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to formate and methanol, anddehydrogenation of formic acid. [1](1) Catalyst development for CO2 hydrogenation to formate in water [2]Half-sandwich iridium complexes with N,N'-bidentate ligand serve as a catalyst for CO2hydrogenation to formate in water. We have revealed that (i) enhancement of catalytic activity
by strong electro-donating effect from oxyanion formed by deprotonation of hydroxyl group,and (ii) acceleration of hydride complex formation by second coordination sphere interaction
such as pendent base effects.[2d](2) High-pressure H2 production by dehydrogenation of formic acid [3]Formic acid (FA) is known as liquid organic hydrogen carrier (4.4wt% of H2). We havedeveloped highly efficient and durable iridium catalysts in acidic aqueous solution. Interestingly,
FA dehydrogenation in water can supply high-pressure gases (up to 157 MPa) in closed vessel.
Furthermore, high-pressure H2 gas separation from the generated gas simply by cooling the gas
were demonstrated.
(3) Methanol production by CO2 hydrogenation using dinuclear catalyst 2 in gas-solid phasereaction [4]Novel approach toward the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 tomethanol in the gas-solid phase using dinuclear iridium complexes
2 at near room temperature are described.[4a] CO2 hydrogenationin water catalyzed by mononuclear iridium catalyst 1 provided
mainly FA but a negligible amount of methanol. On the other hand,the combination of a dinuclear catalyst 2 and gas-solid phasereaction conditions led to the effective production of methanolfrom CO2. Conveniently, methanol obtained from the gas phase
could be easily isolated from the catalyst without contamination
with CO, CH4, or FA. The high catalytic activity has been
attributed to hydride complex formation upon exposure to H2 gas, Fig. 3. Catalysts for CO
2
suppression of the liberation of FA under gas-solid phase reaction hydrogenation
conditions, and intramolecular multiple hydride transfer to CO2 by
the multinuclear catalyst.
References[1] a) Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 12936. b) Coord. Chem. Rev. 2018, 373, 317. c) Advanced Energy Materials 2019, 9,
1801275. d) CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis, Wiley, 2021.
[2] a) Organometallics 2004, 23, 1480; b) Organometallics 2007, 26, 702–712. c) ACS Catal. 2013, 3, 856; d) Nat.
Chem. 2012, 4, 383; e) Organometallics 2020, 39, 1519.
[3] a) Green Chem. 2009, 11, 2018; b) Adv. Synth. Catal. 2019, 361, 289; c) ChemCatChem 2016, 8, 886; d) Inorg.
Chem. 2020, 59, 4191.
[4] a) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 1570; b) Chem Catal. 2022, 2, 242. c) Coord. Chem. Rev. 2022, 472, 214767.

10

I04

In Search of Excellence: Convex versus Concave
Noble Metal Nanostructures for Electrocatalytic
Applications
Muhammad Iqbal1,2,3, Yoshio Bando3,4, Ziqi Sun5, Kevin C.-W. Wu6, Alan
E. Rowan7, Jongbeom Na7, Bu Yuan Guan8,9, Yusuke Yamauchi1,7
1JST-ERATO

Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, International Center for
Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki, 305-0044 Japan 2Advanced Functional Materials Research Group, Institute of Technology Bandung,Ganesha 10, Indonesia 40132 3Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, No. 11 Building, No. 92 Weijin Road,
Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China 4Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong,
Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales, 2500 Australia 5School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland
University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000 Australia 6Department of Chemical Engineering, National
Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan 7Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072 Australia 8State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis andPreparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 P. R. China 9Joint Research Center
for Future Materials, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012
P. R. China

E-mail: muh.iqbal@itb.ac.id

Controlling the shape of noble metal nanoparticles is a challenging but important task inelectrocatalysis. Apart from hollow and nanocage structures, concave noble metal nanoparticles
are considered a new class of unconventional electrocatalysts that exhibit superior
electrocatalytic properties as compared with those of conventional nanoparticles (including
convex and flat ones). Several facile and highly reproducible routes for synthesizing
nanostructured concave noble metal materials has been reported in the literature, together with
their advantages over noble metal nanoparticles with convex shapes. The routes are including
seed-mediated synthesis, facet-selective etching synthesis, facet-selective binding synthesis, andmicelle-assisted synthesis [1]. Nanostructured noble metals with concave features are found toshow better catalytic activity and stability hence improve their practical applicability inelectrocatalysis. The presense of surface defects and structural stability are found to be
responsible for the improvement of catalytis activity and stability of concave noble metal
nanocatalyst (Fig. 1a). We shows an example of concave mesooporous Pd nanocrystals (MPNs)
which fabricated through micelle-assisted synthesis and shows enhanced electrocatalytic activity
than that of conventional spherical nanocrystals (Fig. 1b) [2].
(a)Fig. 1 (a) Relationship among the curvature degrees of concave nanocrystals, density of kinks/steps, and expectedcatalytic activity and (b) HAADF-STEM image of one typical concave mesoporous Pd nanocrystals.
References[1] M. Iqbal et al., Adv. Mat. 2021, 33, 2004554. [2] M. Iqbal et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020, 12, 5135751365.

11

8th SACSEM Symposium

I05

Abstract
Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production Using Earth Abundant Metal Oxide
Photoelectrodes

Nur Azlina Adris1, Noradiba Nordin1, Lorna Jeffery Minggu1*
1

Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia*Corresponding author: lorna_jm@ukm.edu.my

Direct hydrogen production from water splitting by sunlight is very attractive to address the world
renewable and sustainable energy needs. Water is plentiful and the product after using hydrogen asfuel is also water hence, the cycle of generation and consumption forms a continuous loop.
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a very promising green method to produce hydrogen. The
main component in PEC is the photoactive material which has to fulfil the requirements of suitable
bandgap and band edges and also high stability in water and relatively low cost. Due to the abundanceof copper, as well as its favourable band gap and alignment, cuprous oxide (Cu2O) based photocathodes
is a potential material for PEC water splitting. Besides, hematite (Fe2O3) also is a low-cost material withgood chemical stability in an aqueous solution. The performance of Cu2O and Fe2O3 based
photoelectrodes prepared by facile electrodeposition method towards PEC water splitting is presented.
The Cu2O electrodeposited on FTO with intermediate layer shows improvement in photocurrent as
photocathode. While Fe2O3 deposited on nickel foam shows significant photocurrent as photoanode.

12

Organosoluble Starch and Cellulose derivatives in
DSSC: Unravelling the Synergy between Electrolyte
Rheology and Photovoltaic Properties

I06

Vidhya Selvanathana Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia(UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysiab

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty ofEngineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
E-mail: vidhya@ukm.edu.myIn this work, a simple phthaloylation process involving reaction of starch with phthalic anhydrideis proposed to transform starch into organosoluble material. FTIR and NMR spectroscopy results
verifies the formation of phthaloyl starch (PhSt). The resulting starch derivative, was then blend
with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) to fabricate polymer gel electrolytes. Rheological analyses
such as amplitude sweep studies and tack tests indicate that gels with good rigidity, strength andadhesiveness were attained upon blending 20 to 60 wt.% HEC. Gels within this optimum range ofcomposition were then fabricated into quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cell (QSDSSC) with theaddition of 5 wt.% of tetrapropylammonium iodide and iodine. EIS of the QSDSSC reveal that theadhesive property of the gels plays a crucial role in affecting charge transfer processes at theelectrode/electrolyte interfaces. The highest efficiency of 3.02% was recorded with the gelsconsisting 70 wt.% of PhSt and 30 wt.% of HEC. This polymer blend composition was then used
to study the effect of salt composition on the electrolyte properties in which two series of polymer
gels containing different amounts of tetrapropylammonium iodide (TPAI) and lithium iodide (LiI)
respectively were prepared. Storage modulus values from rheological studies showed that the sizeof cations in the electrolytes affects the mechanical property of the gels. Best performing solar cellswith the efficiency of 3.94 % was achieved by addition of 12.5 wt.% of TPAI. As an initiative tofurther boost the efficiency values, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (BMII) was included into
the PhSt-HEC-TPAI system. The ionic liquid greatly enhanced the short circuit current of the cells,
leading to an optimum efficiency of 5.20 % upon addition of 8 wt.% of BMII.

13

I07

A Preliminary Study on Effectiveness of Brief
Mindfulness in Reducing Sress and Anxiety among
Students with High Neuroticism based on Peripheral
Physiological Data
Nik Amalia Nadirah Nik Rashidi1, Ir Dr Patrick Sebastian1, AP Ir Dr
Irraivan Elamvazuthi1, Dr Lila Iznita Izhar1
1 Smart Assistive and Rehabilitative Technology Research Group, Institute of

Health and Analytics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
Perak, Malaysia
E-mail: nik_20001944@utp.edu.my

Due to the circumstances from internal as well as external such as relationship problem, low selfconfidence and academic pressure, stress can be a major problem among university students. In this research,
the focus area is to assess stress among university students based on subjective and objective measurement
tools. Self-report questionnaires were administered to gain subjective measurement while EEG and peripheral
biosignals such as Blood Volume Pulse (BVP), Skin Conductance (SC) and Respiratory Rate (RR) were alsoacquired as the objective based measurement and analysis on effectiveness of brief mindfulness-based
intervention (MI) in improving relaxation and thus potentially reducing stress. Both measurement tools canhelp to assess on the effect of brief mindfulness among the subjects in coping with stress-induced activity(watching of emotional video clips) and performing Stroop Task. Some of the instruments administered forthe subjective assessments are namely the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) 21 and The National
Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). These subjective measurements wererated by the subjects during pre-MI and post-MI to assess the severity of symptoms associated with depression,anxiety and stress, and to measure workload after completing a task respectively.
Paired t-test analysis was performed in this study to evaluate changes in the results from thequestionnaires and peripheral biosignals between pre- and post-MI. Based on the DASS-21 and NASA-TLX
analysis, few parameters were shown to give significant changes (p<0.05) such as anxiety and stress parameterin DASS-21, and mental, physical, and temporal demand dimensions, as well as effort in NASA-TLX.
Furthermore, significant decrease in the scores for anxiety (p=0.0017) and stress (p=0.0057) between preand post-MI was obtained. These results may indicate the improvement on stress and anxiety management
achieved through MI. In objective measurement analysis, it was found that the SC showed the most significant
change with p=0.0016 compared to that of BVP (p=0.4824) and RR (p=0.2286) during Stroop Task based
cognitive assessment, during the resting states and Stroop Task. Hence, SC can be a potential indicator for theeffectiveness of MI in helping students to cope with stress better and to improve their relaxation level. Futurestudies should investigate further the SC as a potential parameter in identifying effectiveness of mindfulness
for better management of stress and improvement in relaxation and to use larger sample to provide moreaccurate findings and correlations.

Fig. 1. Performance during baseline (eyes-closed (EC), eyes-opened (EO)), and trials (T1-T5) based on (a) SC (b)RR and (c) BVP averaged values for 15 subjects.

14

I08

Lignin Fractionation and Valorization Platforms forConverting Potential Biomasses to IndustrialNeeded Macromolecular Building Block Products
Navadol Laosiripojana
The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s
University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
E-mail: navadol.lao@kmutt.ac.th

Conversion of lignocellulosic agricultural biomass to biofuels, biochemical, and biomaterials
is a promising sustainable alternative platform industry to the current petroleum-based industry
with the advantages on renewable and carbon-neutral nature of the starting materials. This socalled “biorefinery” industry has received great attention as a new economic driver inbioeconomy worldwide. Lignocellulose is a complex structure comprising cellulose microfibers
connected to hemicellulose matrix which formed networks to the lignin shield, making plant cellwall recalcitrant to chemical or biological decomposition. Fractionation of lignocellulose
components is an initial pre-requisite step in integrated biorefineries where the individual
separated biopolymers are processed to a spectrum of products using multi-discipinary
technology with a near-zero waste concept. Clean fractionation (CF) is one of the pretreatment
processes to separate the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin from the biomass. In this process,organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, esters, and organic acids and/or mixed with water areused without the presence of catalyst. Lignin obtained by this process and other pretreatments
are modified and have an increased proportion of condensed C–C linkages and reduced amountof β-O-4 bonds both of which negatively impact on the depolymerization process. The challenge
for lignin valorization is to develop operating processing conditions so that a narrow range oftargeted products can be obtained. It is well known that zeolite-based catalysts have been
extensively used in refineries and petrochemical industries for cracking, dehydrogenation,
dealkylation, and isomerisation reactions as a result of their excellent catalytic performance andlow cost. Besides the composition and structure of the zeolite catalyst, the solvent type has beenshown to increase lignin depolymerisation, reduce char formation and reduce repolymerisation
reactions. Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) is one of the solvent that has only received limited
investigation. The role it plays (as well as other solvents) in the formation phenolic monomers
from lignin velarization is not well understood. Another approach to develop commercial viable
technologies based on technical lignins (such as organosolv lignin) is to target the production ofgroups of similar chemical classes rather than individual compounds, reducing costly separationand purification costs. In most lignin depolymerization reactions, oligomeric and polymericlignin species still persist, even under mild conditions. The evidence from previous studies
showed that lignin during depolymerization, because of its nature, form reactive species e.g.,quinone compounds, and so it is energetically favourable for it to repolymerize to form oligomers
and polymers. This problem statement opened up a new research approach towards sustainablecatalytic conversion of lignin into functional compounds, which hitherto has not been exploited
for a one-pot cleave and couple synthesis.

15

I09

Identification of Structure-Activity Correlations byPulsed Laser Defect Engineering in Liquids
S. Zerebecki1, S. Barcikowski1,
S. Reichenberger1
1Technical

Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen(CENIDE), Research Center for Nano Energy Technology (NETZ), Duisburg,
47057, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
E-mail: sven.reichenberger@uni-due.de

Point, line, planar, and bulk crystallographic defects are common in solid oxide materials andcontribute significantly to their catalytic activity and selectivity. Yet, identifying correlations
between their catalytic activity and the amount of material defects demands a catalyst synthesis
and/or post-processing that allows to independently alter the defect density of the catalyst
while maintaining the other activity-relevant properties like particle size, BET surface area,
composition, or crystal phase.[1], [2] Due to the intrinsic flexibility of the cation occupancy
spinel ferrites and cobaltites represent a particularly interesting material class to investigate such
defect- related activity trends in oxidation catalysis.
This talk intends to summarize our current breakthroughs in laser-based writing gradual defectdensities into spinel cobaltites and ferrites to identify related structure-activity correlationsin heterogeneous catalysis. Hereby, a flat liquid jet setup was used to gradually laser-postprocess Co O [1] and CoFe O [2] with single laser pulses and tune the occupancy of octa- andtetrahedral sites. Additionally, the laser-based diffusion enhancement to achieve a catalyst
surface doping[3] will be presented. The observed effects of structural disordering including
the occupancy of cations in octahedral and tetrahedral sites will be discussed. Based on thedeveloped gradually defect-engineered spinels their catalytic activity in electro- and oxidation
catalysis will be discussed providing an outlook on the underlying structure-activity
correlations of the respective spinel-based catalysts.

Figure 1: Artwork on pulsed laser defect engineering in liquid (PUDEL) with single laser pulses anduniform laser intensity (right) and a related study of a structure-activity-correlation in oxidation catalysis
using a gradually laser-modified catalyst series (here CoFe2O4).[1]References[1]
E. Budiyanto, S. Zerebecki, C. Weidenthaler, T. Kox, S. Kenmoe, E. Spohr, S. DeBeer, O. Rüdiger, S.
Reichenberger, S. Barcikowski, and H. Tüysüz, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 13, 44, 2021
[2]
S. Zerebecki, S. Salamon, J. Landers, Y. Yang, Y. Tong, E. Budiyanto, D. Waffel, M. Dreyer, S. Saddeler,
T. Kox, S. Kenmoe, E. Spohr, S. Schulz, M. Behrens, M. Muhler, H. Tüysüz, R. K. Campen, H. Wende,
et al., ChemCatChem, 2022, 10.1002/cctc.202101785[3]
S. Zerebecki, K. Schott, S. Salamon, J. Landers, H. Wende, E. Budiyanto, H. Tüysüz, S. Barcikowski, and
S. Reichenberger, J. Phys. Chem. C, vol. 126, no. 36, pp. 15144–15155, 2022

16

I10

Functional magnetocaloric materials on atomic
length scales: an element specific perspective
M. E. Gruner1, B. Eggert1, J. Lill1, J. Landers1, S. Salamon1, A. Terwey1,
W. Keune1, B. Roldán Cuenya2, C. Weis1, S. Makarov1, D. Klar1,
M. Krautz3, J. Zhao4, M. Y. Hu4, T. S. Toellner4, E. E. Alp4, K. Ollefs1,
O. Gutfleisch5, H. Wende1
1Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE),

University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany, 2Department ofInterface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany, 3IFW Dresden,
P.O. Box 270116, 01171 Dresden, Germany, 4Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory,
Argonne, IL 60439, United States, 5Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
E-mail: heiko.wende@uni-due.de

Bulk magnetic materials enable an efficient energy conversion and therefore play a crucial rolefor sustainable energy‐related technologies. While new permanent magnets are essential for windturbines, e‐mobility and robotics, bulk magnetocaloric materials open new routes for solid state‐based refrigeration. In contrast to permanent magnets with a maximized magnetic hysteresis,
magnetocaloric systems shall present a minimized (thermal) hysteresis [1,2] (see Fig. 1). The
tailoring of hysteresis in the magnetocaloric systems is a crucial task which is tackled bymodifying structural phase transitions. To understand the interplay of local atomic magnetic
properties with the lattice dynamics, the study of element specific thermodynamics is essential
for the analysis of the coupling of lattice and magnetic degrees of freedom [3,4]. I will
demonstrate how element specific techniques can be employed to achieve a fundamental
understanding of the hysteresis on atomic length scales. Examples will be presented for themagnetocaloric materials LaFe13-xSix [3-6] and FeRh [7,8]. The comparison of the experimental
observations to results by density functional theory enables the disclosure of the cross‐coupling
between magnetic, electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. This will allow us to develop
design rules for magnetocaloric materials that are specifically tailored for innovative applications
across all relevant length scales.

Fig. 1. Schematic T–S diagram illustrating the magnetocaloric effect at a first-order transition. Application of a magnetic field H
shifts the transformation temperature Tt to higher values. Applying the magnetic field isothermally in the intermediate temperature
range between Tt (H=0) and Tt (H>0) leads to a decrease of ST in the total entropy, whereas an adiabatic field release decreases
the temperature by Tad, which can be used for heat transport or cooling (figure taken from Ref. [1]).
References[1] F. Scheibel et al., Energy Technol. 6 (8), 1397-1428 (2018). [2] O. Gutfleisch et al., Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 347,
20150308 (2016). [3] M. E. Gruner et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 057202 (2015). [4] M. E. Gruner et al., Phys. Status
Solidi B 255, 1700465 (2018). [5] A. Terwey et al., Phys. Rev. B 101, 064415 (2020). [6] J. Landers et al., Phys.
Rev. B 98, 024417 (2018). [7] B. Eggert et al., RSC Adv. 10, 14386-14395 (2020). [8] M. Wolloch et al., Phys.
Rev. B 94, 174435 (2016).

17

I11

Lasing Dynamics in Perovskite Microcavities
Shaoqiang Chen1,2, Guoen Weng1, Xiaobo Hu1, Chunhu Zhao1, Jiao
Tian1, Jiyu Yan1, Hanbing Zhang1, Shengjie Chen1, Jialong Bao1, Junhao
Chu2, Hidefumi Akiyama3
1StateKey Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Electronic

Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
2Nanophotonics

and Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center,

Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China. 3Institute for Solid State
Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan
E-mail: sqchen@ee.ecnu.edu.cn

Perovskite materials with excellent optoelectronic properties, have shown remarkableprogresses in the field of not only solar cells but also light emitting devices, such as perovskitebased vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) and distributed feedback (DFB) lasers, andvery fascinating single-mode lasing properties have been demonstrated [1].
To study the detailed lasing mechanisms in perovskite based microcavities, we have fabricatedvarious kinds of CsPbBr3 perovskite micro-cavities, such as micro-hemispheres, microplates,
micro-rods, and micro-cubes, on different substrates, with a size from several tens to 200
micrometers. All the microcavities show lasing behaviors under femtosecond optical excitations,with Fabry-Perot mode and/or whispering-gallery mode. The higher carrier density more that Mott
density at lasing threshold indicates the lasing behavior in these perovskite microcavities should
mainly be related to electron-hole plasma rather than exciton [2].
The spectrally- and temporally-resolved lasing images of the microcavities with a streak
camera, show two importance lasing features of the microcavities with increasing excitation
fluences, one is the redshift of the dominant lasing spectra to low energy side due to the band gap
renormalization (BGR) effect, another one is the blueshift of each lasing mode to higher energy
side due to the reduction of the refractive index caused by the high injection carrier density. The
lasing dynamics is merged with the transient BGR effect and the transient change of refractive
index in perovskite microcavities [3].
We also fabricated CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals based VCSEL, and single-mode lasing
has been observed. With an excitation power over 2 times of the threshold, short pulses with apulse width around 23 ps have been obtained, the lasing dynamics has been demonstrated to begain-switching related, indicating a potential application in short pulse generation of perovskite
based VCSELs [4].

Fig. 1. Several kinds of CsPbBr3 perovskite micro-cavities on silicon(a), sapphire(b) and quartz(c) substrates,
and lasing imaging under microscopy of the cubic microcavities excited with femtosecond laser beam.
References[1]C. Zhao et al., Chemical Engineering Journal.2021.420,127660. [2]G. Weng et al., ACS Photonics.2021.8, 787797. [3]G. Weng et al., Photonics Research. 2021. 9, 54. [4]J. Tian et al., Communications Physics. 2022.5,160.

18

I12

Overview of the academic and research profiles of the
National Institute of Physic, University of the Philippines
and its work on Terahertz optoelectronics
Elmer S. Estacio
National Institute of Physics and Natural Sciences Research Institute
University of the Philippines, Diliman
Quezon City, Philippines
E-mail: eestacio@nip.upd.edu.phAbstract
The National Institute of Physics (NIP) was formerly the Department of Physics of the Collegeof Arts and Sciences of the University of the Philippines. In 1983, the Philippine President issued
Executive Order 889, establishing the Institute to further strengthen and broaden the national
capability to train scientific leaders and conduct research in the basic sciences. The NIP offers bothundergraduate and graduate programs in Physics and supports the college’s graduate program on
Materials Science and Engineering. Moreover, it serves the other colleges and institutes in theuniversity by offering service courses in undergraduate-level physics. The NIP’s faculty iscomposed of 25 Ph.D. (professors and associate professors) and 26 instructors, who are either MS
or Ph.D. students, as well. The institute currently hosts five research laboratories working on
theoretical physics, instrumentation, photonics, experimental condensed matter physics,
computational condensed matter, and is set to expand to newer research areas on gravitation andhigh energy physics, in the immediate future. As a faculty member belonging to the Condensed
Matter Physics Laboratory (CMPL), the particular research area that will be introduced in my talkwill be our group’s work on terahertz (THz) optoelectronics. The laboratory’s interest in terahertz
properties of semiconductors started when I returned from my postdoctoral stint from Osaka
University and the University of Fukui, where my research dealt mainly on the terahertz
characteristics of semiconductors. Having an MBE machine at the NIP, growing III-V
semiconductor films and heterostructures, it was logical for me to consider continuing my workon THz optoelectronics and pursue further work on THz antenna devices and other novel THz
radiation sources. The talk will conclude with a presentation of the most recent research output of
our group on novel THz photoconductive antenna sources as well as on our newest interest on
spintronic THz radiation
References:
1. Afalla, J., et al. A modulation-doped heterostructure-based terahertz photoconductive
antenna emitter with recessed metal contacts. Sci. Rep. 10, 19926 (2020).
2. Ferrolino, J.P., et al., Thickness dependence of the spintronic terahertz emission from
Ni/Pt bilayer grown on MgO via electron beam deposition. Appl. Phys. Express 14,
093001 (2021).
3. Prieto, E.A., et al., Trilayer low-temperature-grown GaAs terahertz emitter and detector
device with doped buffer. Appl. Phys. Express 13,082012 (2020).
4. H. R. et al., Integrated optics spiral photoconductive antennas coupled with 1D and 2D
micron-size terahertz-wavelength plasmonic metal arrays. Opt. Mater. Express 12, 16171626 (2022).

19

I13

Real-time Observation of Surface Chemical
Reactions by Wavelength-dispersive Soft X-ray
Absorption Spectroscopy
Kenta Amemiya1,2,3, Kaoruho Sakata2
1Graduated School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1

Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan 2Institute of Materials Structure
Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
3Department of Materials Structure Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies),

1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
E-mail: kenta.amemiya@kek.jp

It has long been a challenging task to observe surface chemical reactions without stopping thereaction under near ambient pressure conditions. The X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is
one of the most suitable techniques to quantitatively determine chemical species, but a block oftime is needed because the absorption intensity is measured at each energy step by step using a
monochromator. We have recently developed a fluorescence-yield wavelength-dispersive XAS
technique, by which the XAS data is recorded without scanning the monochromator [1], and thereal-time observation of surface chemical reactions under near ambient pressure conditions has
been realized [2-4]. The layout of the technique is illustrated in Figure 1. The wavelength-dispersed
X rays illuminate the sample, where the wavelength (energy) continuously changes as a functionof position, and the fluorescence soft X rays generated at each position on the sample are separately
focused by an imaging optics consisting of two spherical mirrors onto each position at the detector.
Accordingly, the fluorescence-yield soft X-ray absorption spectrum is obtained without scanningthe monochromator. Moreover, the XAS data with different probing depths are simultaneously
obtained by collecting the fluorescence X rays at different detection angles, which enables thedepth-resolved analysis with sub-nanometer resolution. The time- and depth-resolved observationof the oxidation reactions at Cu and Co surfaces will be presented.
CuO

Cu2O

Fig. 1. Experimental setup for the wavelength-dispersive soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy with depth-resolved
analysis (left) and soft X-ray absorption spectra taken during the oxidation reaction of a Cu surface under (a) 500
and (b) 5000 Pa oxygen (right).
References[1] K. Amemiya et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2020, 91, 093104. [2] K. Amemiya et al., e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotech. 2022,
20, 135. [3] K. Sakata et al., Nano Lett. 2021, 21, 7152. [4] K. Sakata and K. Amemiya, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2022. 13,
9573.

20

Student Presentations

21

S01

Development of synthesis method for metalsubstituted-type λ-Ti3O5
Akhmad Fadel Fadilla1, Fujisawa Akito1, Hiroko Tokoro1
1Departmentof Material Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences,

University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
E-mail: s2126033@s.tsukuba.ac.jp[Introduction] Phase transition materials are a promising and interesting field of study
because of their fundamental approach and vast applications e.g., optical memory, heat storage,
and sensors. Titanium oxides with various polymorphs offer the phase transition phenomenon
between a semiconducting phase and a metallic phase. Among them, it has been reported thatthe metallic phase lambda type Ti3O5 (λ-Ti3O5) nanoparticles show a reversible phase transition
with the semiconductor phase beta type (β-Ti3O5) by various external stimuli: light, heat, pressure,and electrical field [1]. This material is expected to be applied as a heat storage material due to its
heat storage capability [2]. Controlling material properties is certainly one of the vital aspects offunctional technologies and metal doping is one of the most effective approaches. Therefore, itis essential to develop suitable synthesis methods for metal doping. In this study, we developed
a new synthesis method of λ -Ti3O5 nanocrystals that have a possibility of metal substitution.
[Synthesis] Synthesis of λ -Ti3O5 nanocrystals. A microemulsion of H2O, TiCl4, and NH3
was prepared in a flask and stirred in an oil bath at 50 °C for 20h to form Ti(OH)4 precipitate.
The precipitate was gained by centrifugation, washed with ethanol, and heated at 60 °C for 24 ona hot plate. The obtained precipitate which was then called by precursor calcinated underhydrogen flow 0.5 dm3min-1 at 1,100 °C for 5h, which produced λ -Ti3O5 nanocrystals.
[Result] Rietveld analysis result of X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and crystal
structure (Fig.1 (a, b)) shows the obtained sample is a single-phase λ-Ti3O5 (monoclinic
system, C2/m; a = 9.8332 Å, b = 3.7857 Å, c = 9.9690 Å, β = 91.2567 º). The experiment resultshows that the ratio of phase transition from the λ-Ti3O5 to the β-Ti3O5 increases by theapplied pressure with the pressure threshold was 300 MPa. In addition, when thepressurized sample is heated, the phase transition from the β-Ti3O5 to the λ-Ti3O5 occurred,
and a reversible phase transition due to pressure and heat could be confirmed.

References
1. (a) XRD
and Rietveld
analysis. (b)Crystal structure
3O5. Nature Chem., 2, 539[1] S. Ohkoshi, Y. Fig.
Tsunobuchi,
T. Matsuda,
K. Hashimoto,
A. Namai,F. Hakoe,ofH.λ-Ti
Tokoro,(2010).
[2] H. Tokoro, M. Yoshikiyo, K. Imoto, A. Namai, T. Nasu, K. Nakagawa, N. Ozaki, F. Hakoe, K. Tanaka, K. Chiba, R.
Makiura, K. Prassides, S. Ohkoshi, Nature Commun., 6, 7037 (2015).

22

S02

Abrupt vapor release from porous molecular crystal with visible light
Kentaro Maejima1, Hiroshi Yamagishi1, Ken Albrecht2, Youhei Takeda3,
Yohei Yamamoto1
1Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai,

Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan

2Institutefor Materials Chemistry andEngineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580,
Japan 3Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka,
Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
E-mail: s2220387@s.tsukuba.ac.jp

Water is abundant and useful energy source for inducing chemical or physical reaction.
Especially, hydrophilic soft materials can be actuated with moisture, and can reproduce
complicated action. However, such operation is difficult to be achieved in reality because of the
difficulty of controlling humidity, due to the diffusion of moisture in open space. Thus, simple
local humidification device is now necessary for controllable humidity.
Here, we report hydrochromic porous molecular crystal that response to visible lightirradiation and release much moisture abruptly. Porous molecular crystal VPC-1 that we
discovered previously[1] consist of carbazole dendrimer G2DBPHZ (Fig.1a), whose sidechainsform myriads of fine pores. VPC-1 absorbs and releases water molecules in its poresspontaneously in response to the humidity around it, and simultaneously changes its color(Fig.1b). And then we found anew that visible light irradiation can also induce the release ofmoisture from VPC-1, through the measurement of its mass variation. Significant mass decrease
was observed with visible light irradiation, and the necessary light intensity for inducing water
release is different on the wavelength of irradiated light (Fig.1c). Furthermore, through thetemperature measurement during irradiation to VPC-1 powder, it became clear that VPC-1 isheated with irradiation by photothermal effect, and release water molecules.
As attractive application of VPC-1, we tried to create vapor actuator that consist of VPC-1
and cellophane film. Released moisture from VPC-1 with irradiation is absorbed by one side ofcellophane film, and the film would bend like bimetal due to the swelling of cellophane (Fig.1d).
And VPC-1 can actuate the film larger than activated carbon, a representative porous material,that implies VPC-1 can work as better vapor provider.

Fig. 1. (a) Molecular structure of G2DBPHZ. (b) Color change of VPC-1 powder upon humidity variation. (c) Wavelength
dependency of mass variation upon visible light irradiation. (d) Vapor actuator that consist of VPC-1 powder andcellophane film.
References[1] H. Yamagishi et al., Commun. Chem. 2020, 3, 118.

23

S03

Study on Mechanism of Fenton Catalyst from
Grinding Spark of Waste Metal for Textile Industry
Dye Pollutant
Fathan Aditya Sanjaya1, Azhar Isti Hanifah1, Aysha Rasheeda1, Ahmad
Affan Farizi1, Untung Triadhi2, Arie Wibowo1,3
1Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical andAerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132 Indonesia
2Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Institut Teknologi Bandung,

Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132 Indonesia, 3research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology,
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132 Indonesia
E-mail: fathansanjaya1@gmail.com

Water is one of the most crucial elements in life, both for humans and for other creatures. Oneof the resources of water that is widely used in West Java Province is the Citarum river. The
Citarum River itself plays a crucial role for the society in West Java. One of the problems that
occurs in the Citarum River is waste pollution caused by textile industries activity. Therefore,
textile industry wastewater containing residual dyes in the Citarum River watershed has a strong
potential to contain azo dye. The release of azo dyes into the environment in the form of liquids
from industry is also a major concern in the study of wastewater treatment because azo dyes
themselves can be carcinogenic and can cause genetic mutations. Advanced Oxidation Processes(AOPs) themselves have been widely used in the treatment of organic pollutants. Among thevariants of AOPs, the Fenton reaction is considered quite attention-grabbing due to its highperformance quality, simple technology and more environmentally friendly. By still referring to
the previous research, the use of Fe/Fe2O3 core-shell. The catalyst used was taken from wastematerial ST37 steel and K100 steel. In this research, the methylene blue takes the role as pollutant
model. This research would also focus on the quantification mechanism of degradation carriedout by hydroxyl radicals on dye waste using a 2-propanol/nitrobenzene as the probe.

24Modification of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)

S04 Biosensor using MoS2-MoO3 Hybrid Microflowers for
CFP-10 Tuberculosis Detection
Chandra Wulandari1,2, Ni Luh Wulan Septiani2,3, Gilang Gumilar2,4, Ahmad
Nuruddin2, Nugraha2,4, Muhammad Iqbal2, and Brian Yuliarto2,4
1Master Program of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut

Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 2Advanced Functional Material ResearchGroup, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, Jawa
Barat, 41032, Indonesia 3Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research, and Innovation
Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek, South Tangerang 15134, Indonesia. 4Research Center for
Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung,
Jawa Barat, 41032, Indonesia
E-mail: 23320303@mahasiswa.itb.ac.id

Tuberculosis (TB) is a respiratory system disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb),
with overflow cases and high mortality rates. TB control involves multiple strategies and aspects,
including developing rapid detection technology. In this study, we report the surface plasmon
resonance (SPR) biosensor with MoS2-MoO3 microflowers modification to detect the secretory
protein of TB, CFP-10. The material was suitable for SPR due to high optical absorption, large
surface area, and rich edge-active sites[1]. The MoS2-MoO3 was prepared by hydrothermal methods
with varied pH and trisodium citrate (Na3Ct), which were projected to influence the microflowers
formation and size[2,3]. The materials characterization revealed the best MoS2-MoO3 hybrid
microflowers obtained from synthesis at pH 7 with 0.5 g Na3Ct (Fig 1(a)). As shown in Fig. 1(b),the modified SPR biosensor response fits the Langmuir-Freundlich adsorption model with positive
cooperativity and performs ten times better than the bare Au biosensors. The thicker MoS2-MoO3
resulted in higher detection response, sensitivity, and smaller detection limit (LOD). However, thesaturation was found at 15L thickness due to the attenuation of the surface plasmon (illustrated by
Fig 1(c)). The Au/MoS2-MoO3 12L was chosen as the best sensor chip due to excellent sensitivity
and LOD of 1.005 and 3.44 ng/mL (S/N = 3), respectively. This biosensor also has good selectivity
and reproducibility based on measurement to other analytes and repeated measurements on six
different chips. From this study, it has been proven that MoS2-MoO3 hybrid microflowers cansignificantly improve the performance of SPR biosensors.

Fig. 1. (a) The SEM images of synthesized MoS2-MoO3 at pH 7 with 0.5 g Na3Ct. (b) The CFP-10 concentrationvs. ∆RU with LF fit curve for Au/MoS2-MoO3 with different thicknesses. (c) The illustration of evanescent fieldinteraction with targets at 12L and 15L MoS2-MoO3.
References[1] Y. Chen et al., Biosens. Bioelectron. 2022 198 113787. [2] G.H. Jetani et al., Opt. Mater. (Amst). 2022 124
111974. [3] J. Turkevich et al., Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1951 11 55–75.

25

S05

Functionalization of Magnetic Fluorescent Silica
Nanoparticles with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme
II for Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome Coronavirus-2
Muhammad Yovinanda Maulana1, Ahmad Nurrudin1,2, Agustina Sus
Andreani2,3, Brian Yuliarto1,2, Ni Luh Wulan Septiani2,4, S. N. Aisyiyah
Jenie2,3
1Advanced Functional Material Research Group, Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi

Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 2BRIN and ITB Collaboration Research Centre for Biosensor andBiodevices, Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 3Research Centre for Chemistry, National Researchand Innovation Agency, Building 452, Kawasan Puspitek, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia 4ResearchCentre for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency, Kawasan Puspitek, South
Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
E-mail: 23320302@mahasiswa.itb.ac.id

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) first was reported in Wuhan,
Hubei Province of China, on December 18, 2019 [1]. In this study, an optical biosensor based on
fluorescence nanoparticles was synthesized using natural silica nanoparticles incorporated withfluorescence dye which modified with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) to obtained magnetic
fluorescent silica nanoparticles (Fe-FSNP) are made for SARS CoV-2. The receptor used in thisbiosensor was Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II (ACE-2). Hydrosilylation process withundecylenic acid then EDC and NHS are used in this activity before functionalized with ACE-2.
Samples were characterized by several characterizations instruments to confirm the surface
morphology, chemical, physical, and optical properties of the Fe-FSNP samples. Sensitivity
performance was observed in the concentration range of SARS-CoV-2 in PBS from 10-1 to 10-8
g/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.14 fg/mL, calculated using the equation yb + 3Stdb,
whereas yb was the mean fluorescence intensity loss measured for the blank control and Stdb
was the associated standard deviation [2].
(a)

(b)

(c)

Fig. 1. (a) FTIR spectra of Fe-FSNP (black), Fe-FSNP/COOH (red), Fe-FSNP/EDCNHS (blue), and FeFSNP/ACE2 (green). (b) The detection time of SARS-CoV-2 (0,1 mg/mL) by Fe-FSNP/ACE2 in solution The
Fe-FSNP/ACE samples were excited at 550 nm with the maximum intensity at 588 nm. (c) The correlation
between %Iloss of Fe-FSNP/ACE2 at 588 nm and SARS-CoV-2 concentrations after 30 minutes incubation
time. Measurement were made in triplicate.
References[1] S. Iravani, ‘Nano- and biosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2: challenges and opportunities’, Mater. Adv.,
vol. 1, no. 9, pp. 3092–3103, 2020
[2] F. S. H. Krismastuti, S. Pace, and N. H. Voelcker, ‘Porous Silicon Resonant Microcavity Biosensor for Matrix
Metalloproteinase Detection’, Adv. Funct. Mater., vol. 24, no. 23, pp. 3639–3650, Jun. 2014

26

S06

Deep Eutectic Solvent Assisted Ionothermal
Synthesis of Cobalt Based Metal-organic Complex
as Electrode Material in Supercapacitors
Vidhya Selvanathan1, Syaza Amira Razali1, Jun-ichi Nishida2, Masaaki
Tomura3, Ghulam Muhammad4, Huda Abdullah5, Akira Watanabe6, Md.
Akhtaruzzaman1, 7
1SolarEnergy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia(UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167
Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 226-8502, Japan 3Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585,
Japan 4Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud
University, Riyadh, 11543, Saudi Arabia 5Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor,
Malaysia 6Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University,
Sendai 980-8577, Japan 7Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
E-mail: mirarazali@gmail.com

A combination of cobalt and dipicolinic acid-based metal organic complex was synthesized via
deep eutectic solvent (DES) based ionothermal synthesis. The DES comprising of choline chloride
and urea served as the solvent medium that cater the formation of novel 3-D layered motif as
depicted by the crystallographic data of the complex. FESEM, TEM and EDX analysis verified
the formation of unique, hollow morphology and homogeneous distribution of metal ions within
the cobalt complex synthesized ionothermally. Based on BET surface area analysis, the presenceof micro- and mesopores within the structure was verified. The structurally layered cobalt complex
was then used as an electrode material for supercapacitor with a specific capacitance of 712 and556 F g−1 at 1.0 and 5.0 A g−1 respectively. The energy density and power density were calculated
to be 5.71 W h k g−1 and 60.09 W k g−1 when tested at the current density of 1 A g−1. The novel
material also showed good cycling stability by retaining at 76% of initial value after over 500
cycles. These values demonstrate that ionothermally synthesized transition metal based organic
complexes can serve as prospective electrode material in supercapacitors.

27

S07

Developing High Stable Perovskite Solar Cell Using RF Magnetron
Sputtered Mo-doped Tungsten Oxide as Electron Transport Layer
Md. Mahfuzul Haque1, Samiya Mahjabin1, M. S. Bashar2, M. S. Jamal2, Munira Sultana2, Abdur
Rahim2, Md. Shahiduzzaman3, Md. Akhtaruzzaman1,4,*
1Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
3
Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
4
Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Ibaraki, Japan2

E-mail: mahfuz.ap@gmail.com

Abstract
In this work, RF magnetron sputtering was used to prepare Mo-doped WO3 thin films under
several conditions for proposing the optimum one to use as electron transport layer (ETL) in
perovskite solar cell (PSC) [1]. Mo and WO3 were co-sputtered for different RF power at the
Mo target and a fixed power at the WO3 target. After annealing those thin films, the optimum
one has been chosen based on its optoelectronic properties. Then by maintaining the optimum
conditions, deposition time was varied to deposit the film of desired thickness. On FTO-coatedglass, Mo-doped WO3 was deposited for optimum RF power and deposition time. Afterannealing, Cs0.1FA0.9PbI3 perovskite layer has been deposited through the spin coating on thisETL. As a hole transport layer (HTL), Spiro-OMeTAD was deposited through spin coating.
Finally, as the electrode, Au was deposited by thermal evaporation. This PSC has achieved apower conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.52%. For testing the stability, the unencapsulated cell
was stored in the dark under ambient air without a UV filter at 40-50% relative humidity. After
60 days, PCE dropped by only 18.5% of its initial value, which is surely a great achievement in
preparing a PSC with high stability. A promising approach has been established through thisstudy that provides a way of developing a highly stable perovskite solar cell using Mo-doped
WO3 as ETL.

Figure 1. Cross section of fabricated PSC

Figure 2. Comparison between J-V curves of thePSCs, as fabricated and after 60 days

References
1) Md.Akhtaruzzaman, VidhyaSelvanathan “Comprehensive Guide on Organic and Inorganic Solar Cells:
Fundamental Concepts to Fabrication Methods”- 1st Edition - November 16, 2021 (Elsevier)

28

S08

Molecular Insight into Hybridization of MetalOrganic Frameworks and Choline-based Ionic
Liquids (MOF-IL) for Gas Adsorption
Mohd Adil Iman Ishak1, Khairulazhar Jumbri1,2, Shaari Daud3,
Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman4, Roswanira Abdul Wahab5, Hiroshi
Yamagishi6, Yohei Yamamoto6
1Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar

Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia 2Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia 3Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti
Teknologi MARA, Bandar Jengka, 26400, Bandar Tun Razak, Pahang, Malaysia 4Department ofChemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru,

Johor, Malaysia 6Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University ofTsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
E-mail: adil_iman78@yahoo.com

The compatibility and performance of an Isoreticular Metal-Organic Frameworks (IRMOF-1)
impregnated with choline-based ionic liquids (ILs) for selective adsorption of H2S/CO2, werestudied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Cholinium alanate ([Chl][Ala]) was nominatedas the suitable IL for impregnation into IRMOF-1, consistent with the low RMSD values (0.546
nm, 0.670 nm, 0.776 nm) at three IL/IRMOF-1 w/w ratios (WIL/ IRMOF-1 = 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2).
The [Chl]+ and [Ala]− ion pair was located preferentially around the carboxylate group within
the IRMOF-1 framework, with the latter interacting strongly with the host than the [Chl]+.
Results of radius of gyration (Rg) and root mean square displacement (RMSD) revealed that aratio of 0.4 w/w of IL/IRMOF-1 (Rg = 1.405 nm; RMSD = 0.546 nm) gave the best conformation
to afford an exceptionally stable IL/IRMOF-1 composite. It was discovered that the IL/IRMOF1 composite was more effective in capturing H2S and CO2 compared to pristine IRMOF-1. The
gases adsorbed in higher quantities in the IL/IRMOF-1 composite phase compared to the bulk
phase, with a preferential adsorption for H2S, as shown by the uppermost values of adsorption(AH2S = 17.954 mol L−1 bar-1) and an adsorption selectivity (ASH2S/CO2 = 43.159) at 35 IL
loading.

Figure 1: Overall process of MD simulation of IL/IRMOF-1 for H2S/CO2 adsorption.

29

Theoretical Studies of Quaternary Ammonium

S09 Surfactant Corrosion Inhibitors on Fe (110) in Acetic
Acid Media via DFT Calculation and MD Simulation
Mohd Sofi Numin1, Khairulazhar Jumbri1, Kee Kok Eng2
1Departmentof Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi

PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia 2Department of MechanicalEngineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak,
Malaysia
E-mail: sofi.numin@utp.edu.my

Corrosion can cause a major failure to the pipelines and destroy the transportation systems in the
oil & gas industry. The addition of corrosion inhibitors (CI) was the most promising method in
reducing the corrosion rate of the metal surface in the pipelines. The development of a new CI
molecule becomes the primary problem between researchers due to the lack of an in-depth
investigation on the CI molecule's mechanism as a corrosion inhibitor. Hence, in this study, density
functional theory (DFT) calculation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to do an
in-depth study on the inhibition mechanism of quaternary ammonium surfactant CI molecules witha different chain length in the presence of 1 M HCl and 500 ppm acetic acid on the Fe (110) metal
surface. Results from DFT calculation showed that all surfactant CI molecules have good inhibition
properties where the ammonium groups (N+) act as a reactive center to donate electrons to themetal surface with low band-gap energy (1.26 eV). In the MD simulation, C12 showed the mostpromising CI molecules with high adsorption energy and binding energy value, low diffusion
coefficient towards the corrosion particles and randomly scattered at low concentration that give
better adsorption towards the Fe (110) metal surface. The inhibition efficiency of all CI molecules
based on computer modelling data and the success of an in-depth study on the theoreticalunderstanding of quaternary ammonium surfactant CI molecules in the acidic medium corrosion
system towards metal surface could be used as the future development of new surfactant CI
molecules with ammonium-based functional groups.

30

S10

Preparation of Au-CsWO3 Nanocomposites andNear-Infrared Shielding Performance of theMaterials: A feasibility study
Chanakarn Piwnuan, Jatuphorn Wootthikanokkhan, Chivarat
Muangphat
Materials Technology Program, School of Energy, Environment and Materials,
King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
E-mail: jatuphorn.woo@kmutt.ac.th

CsWO3 has been known as an attractive candidate for use as near infrared (NIR) shielding
materials for energy-saving window applications. However, the NIR shielding performance ofCsWO3 in the wavelength ranged between 700 and 1100 nm has yet to be improved. In this work,
hybrid materials based on rod-like Au-CsWO3 were synthesized via seed-mediated growth
process. The effects of concentration of Au precursor on crystal structure, morphology, andoptical properties of the composite materials were investigated. TEM images revealed theappearance of dumbbell shape Au nanomaterials in the hybrid materials (Fig. 1a). The
UV/Vis/NIR spectra of Au-CsWO3 nanocomposites showed the effect of Au precursor on the
NIR absorption (Fig. 1b). By increasing the concentration of Au precursor, NIR absorption band
shifted to the higher wavelength. Moreover, the nanocomposite with larger amount of Au nanodumbbell contributed to the higher NIR absorption ability. Subsequently, the composite films
made from poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) mixed with different amount of Au-CsWO3 were prepared,
using a micro-compounder and a compression molding process. It was found that percentage IR
transmittance through the PVB/Au-CsWO3 composite film decreased with percentage loading of
Au-CsWO3 (Fig. 1c). Moreover, PVB/Au-CsWO3 composite film showed lower transmittance in
the NIR region, compared to the alternative PVB films loaded with same amount of ATO
particles. In this regard, properties of various PVB composite films containing different types
and concentration of NIR shielding materials is of our interest and will be presented.
(a)

(b)

(c)

Fig. 1. (a) TEM image of Au-CsWO3 composite material. (b) UV/Vis absorbance spectra of the nanocomposites with different
Au-CsWO3 mixing ratios. (c) Transmittance spectra of PVB/Au-CsWO3 composite films with different loading of
Au-CsWO3.

31

S11

Utilization of Cellophane Paper as Flexible
Substrates in Perovskite Solar Cells
Wassana Lekkla1,2, Kanyanee Sanglee3, Methawee Nukunudompanich4,
Surawut Chungchote1,2,*
1 Department of Tool and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King

Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Prachauthit Rd.,
Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
2 Research Center of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Technology (MEET), King

Mongkut′s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Prachauthit Rd., Bangmod, Thungkru,
Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
3 Solar Photovoltaic Research Team, National Energy Technology Center, National Science andTechnology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Klong Nueng, Klong
Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
4 Department of Industrial Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalong

Krung 1 Alley, Lat Krabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
E-mail: wassana.lekk@mail.kmutt.ac.th (WL) kanyanee.san@entec.or.th (KS)methawee.nu@kmitl.ac.th (MN) surawut.chu@kmutt.ac.th (SC)

Perovskite solar cells are the most emerging research area among different modern photovoltaic
technologies due to the fast development of efficiency. It has improved from 3.5% to 25.8% in a
decade.[1] In addition, advantages of perovskite solar cells include superpower conversion
efficiency, low-cost, and solution processability. At this time, paper has become an attractive printmaterial for electronics into a wearable due to its flexibility, inexpensive, lightweight, foldable,
recyclable and natural disposables.[2] Cellophane paper is also an interesting option because
translucent, light, and affordable. In this work, we are interested in fabrication cellophane paperbased planar perovskite solar cells. Indium tin oxide (ITO) was coated on cellophane paper as atransparent electrode with tin oxide (SnO2, as an electron transport layer), perovskite (as a lightabsorber), Spiro-MeOTAD (as the hole transport layer), and silver (Ag, as the electrode). The
structural architecture was cellophane/ITO/SnO2/perovskite/Spiro-MeOTAD/Ag (Fig. 1). Our
discovery contributes an approach to fabricate dependable power source for lightweight electronics
in the future.

Fig. 1 (a) Planar layer device architecture of the cellophane-based perovskite solar cell. (b) corresponding energy
level diagram. (c) an image of a full device (cellophane/ITO/SnO2/perovskite/Spiro-MeOTAD /Ag)
References[1] Roy, Priyanka, et al., 2022.Coatings, 12(8), 1089.
[2] Gao, Chaomin, et al., 2018. Solar RRL, 2(11), 1800175.

32

Recovering of Silicon Wafers for Silicon Fine
Particles Production

S12

Saravy Dum,1,2 Surawut Chuangchote 3,4,*
1 The

Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s

University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Prachauthit Rd., Bangmod,Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand. 2 Center for Energy Technology andEnvironment, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand. 3 Department of Tool and Materials Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Prachauthit Rd.,
Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand. 4 Research Center of Advanced Materials for Energy andEnvironmental Technology (MEET), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126
Prachauthit Rd., Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand. *Corresponding author. Tel: +66-2-4709216, Fax: +66-2-872-9080
E-mail: surawut.chu@kmutt.ac.th

Silicon wafer, the semiconductor, is the main component of silicon-based solar cells which
carries around sixty percent of the cell cost. Moreover, ready-to-use wafers need the most energyconsumed manufacturing compared to other materials. Therefore, silicon wafers should be reusedas many times as possible. Researchers have proposed several etching methods to recover standalone silicon wafers from whole solar cells. Surprisingly, the recovered wafers have identicalproperties to the original wafers from the industry, which means that they can be reused just likebulk silicon. Here, we demonstrate the chemical etching method to extract silicon and crush theminto fine particles for further applications. We divided our work into two sections, (1) the siliconetching and (2) the ball milling (Fig. 1). In the 1st section, we used 6M HNO3 at 160oC for 5 min
to remove the cell electrodes, then 85% H3PO4 for 15 min at 70°C to remove the anti-reflection
coating and p-n junction, and finally 10M NaOH at 70oC for 5 min to clean all the remaining
impurities, followed by ultrasonication in DI water for 10 mins. From that, the bulk wafers wereball-milled using a Fritsch Planetary miller with a 250 ml stainless-still vial and 5 mm balls at
400 rpm for 1 h (with a 10:1 ball-to-powder ratio) under ambient atmosphere and room
temperature. The powder was then cleaned using acid treatment to remove the silicon oxide. As
a result, fine silicon particles with an average size of not more than 120 nm were obtained withoxygen concentrations of 7.65% and 2.4% before and after acid treatment, respectively.

Fig.1. Experimental processes: (a) silicon wafer recovering process and (b) fine silicon particle
production process.

33

S13

Nuclear resonant scattering for hysteresis design ofmagnetocaloric materials
Johanna Lill1, Benedikt Eggert1, Esen Ercan Alp2, Barbara Lavina2,
Benedikt Beckmann3, Michael Hu2, Jiyong Zhao2, Konstantin Skokov3,
Katharina Ollefs1, Oliver Gutfleisch3 and Heiko Wende1
1Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for

Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
2 Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
3 Material Science, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

E-mail: johanna.lill@uni-due.de

Magnetocaloric materials show a significant cooling effect under adiabatic application ofalternating external magnetic field [1]. Significant research is performed on this material class,aiming at an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional gas-compression refrigerators aswell as for gas liquification applications at cryogenic temperatures [2]. Within the framework of
the Collaborative Research Center 270 HoMMage (Hysteresis design of magnetic materials for
efficient energy conversion), different approaches to increase the performance of magnetocaloric
materials in a cooling cycle are studied. Using nuclear resonant scattering techniques such as
nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (NRIXS) or nuclear forwards scattering (NFS), elementspecific contributions of the different subsystems (electronic, magnetic and structural) tomagnetostructural phase transition can be resolved, which ultimately determine the performanceof the caloric materials [3]. In this talk, nuclear resonant scattering techniques are introduced andapplied to magnetocaloric compounds such as the Laves phase DyCo2.

a)

b)

c)

Fig. 1. (a) Systematic representation of the adiabatic cooling cycle using the magnetocaloric effect [4]. (b) Schematic
representation of the principal behind nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (NRIXS), used to determine lattice contributions
along the phase transition of magnetocaloric materials [5]. (c) Schematic representation of nuclear forward scattering(NFS), which resolves electronic and magnetic properties of a material [5].
References[1] F. Scheibel et al., Energy Tehnology 2018, 6, 1397-1428.
[2] T. Gottschall et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 9, 1901322.
[3] M. Gruner et al., PRL 114, 057202, 2015.
[4] J. Romero Gomez et al., Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2013, 17, 74–82.
[5] R. Röhlsberger, Nuclear Condensed Matter Physics with Synchrotron Radiation, Hamburg, 2004.

34

Changing surface morphology and chemistry byscalable atmospheric pressure plasma treatment

S14

Timo Wagner, Nicolas Wöhrl, Axel Lorke
Faculty of Physics and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
E-mail: timo.wagner@uni-due.de

In its pursuit to lower its dependence on fossil fuels, and ultimately aim for
100% renewable energy, the German government launched three major
projects.
The largest of these is the H2Giga project, which focuses its research on scaling up state of the art
electrolyzer production and bring next gen electrolyzer technology and materials quickly from thelab to market. H2Giga aims to create optimal conditions for building a 5 GW electrolyzing capacity
in Germany by 2030. Within H2Giga we fulfil a special role, as we develop plasma processes forsurface modification, which can be used in multiple steps in the production line of the electrodes
to optimize production processes and enhance electrode performance. We developed a plasma
system that considers industrial compatibility and scalability by design. This includes maximizing
treatable surface area, easy adaption to continuous roll-to-roll operation and the ability to operate
at up to atmospheric pressures with a large number of possible process gases. A promising
application of plasma treatment is the pre-treatment of substrates. For example the surface
roughness on a microscopic scale, as well as the surface area can be significantly increased byshortly applying a Nitrogen plasma (Fig. 1). In this talk we present the results of this micro- andnanoscopic structuring and with the Kirkendall effect we discuss a possible underlying mechanismthat leads to this kind of structuring in the material.
Another use of plasma treatment in electrode manufacturing is after the coating of the substrates.
In electrode manufacturing, a special ink is typically coated onto the nickel, as a catalyst material.
One example of a post coating modification is to apply a Nitrogen plasma to the coated electrodes,
which leads to a coalescence and/or sintering of the catalyst particles and also yields a porous
structure, thus increasing the chemical activity. It is also to be expected to increase the lifetime ofthe electrodes (Fig. 2).

.

10µm

1µm

5µm

Fig. 1: Roughening by N2
Plasma,Fig. 2: Catalyst treated with N2
Plasmabefore (top) after (bottom)

before (top) after (bottom)

35

Computer-Vision-Aided Solar Cell Defect Detection

S15 and Classification in Absolute Electroluminescence
Imaging
Youyang Wang1, Jinjia Xu1, Xiaobo Hu1, Guoen Weng1, Shaoqiang
Chen1,2, Hidefumi Akiyama2
1

State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Electronic

Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
2 Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581,

Japan
E-mail: 52205904001@stu.ecnu.edu.cn

Local defects are ubiquitous in solar cells due to the inherently granular structure and specificprocedures employed during their manufacturing, which greatly impair the spatial uniformity
and overall conversion efficiency of solar cells [1]. In the effort toward higher conversion
efficiency, it is imperative to find an effective approach for defect diagnosis to provide conducive
and instructive feedback for cell design and fabrication. Absolute electroluminescence (EL)imaging is a practical technique that has been extensively applied in visualizing defects in solar
cells [2]. However, current EL-based defect inspection methods lack juggling both labor-saving
and in-depth understanding of defects, restricting the progress towards yield improvement andhigher efficiency [3].
In this work, we propose a computer-vision-aided approach to automatically detect and classify
solar cell defects based on absolute EL imaging (Fig. 1a). We first describe the features of solar
cell defects by setting several thresholds, then the defect detection is performed according to thedescribed features to locate the defective areas in EL images (Fig. 1b). Based on the detection
results, the injection-current-dependent absolute EL intensity loss rates of the detected defects are
extracted to perform the defect classification process by matching the numerical simulation results(Fig. 1c). Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of theapproach. The proposed method is expected to provide more guiding feedback in both practicaldesign and reliability diagnosis of the PV industry.

Fig. 1. (a) Overview of the proposed method. (b) Defect detection result of an industry-standard GaAs solar cell, all
the tags shown in the EL image are automatically generated by the proposed algorithm. (c) Defect classification
results of several detected defects in the GaAs solar cell. The electrical origin of these defects is determined asincreasing series resistance.
References[1] J. Hong et al., Prog. Photovoltaics Res. Appl. 2020, 28, 295–306. [2] S. Chen et al., Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 1–6.
[3] Y. Wang et al., Energy. 2021, 229, 120606.

36

S16 Improving Vapor-Transport-Deposited Sb2S3 ThinFilm Solar Cells through Source Position
Optimization
Rui Wang1, Deyang Qin1, Yanlin Pan1, Guoen Weng1, Xiaobo Hu1*,
Jiahua Tao2, Shaoqiang Chen1,2,3*, Junhao Chu2, Hidefumi Akiyama3
1State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China

Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China 2Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument Engineering
Research Center, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China 3Institutefor Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan
E-mail: 52215904004@stu.ecnu.edu

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is an emerging material with potential applications in photovoltaics, due
to its high absorption coefficient, propitious bandgap, non-toxic, and natural abundance ofingredients[1,2]. In recent years, The Sb2S3-based thin-film solar cells have been reported and got
some progress in conversion efficiency. Further increased efficiency has been expected throughimprovements in material quality and device structure.
In this work, we fabricated Sb2S3 thin film solar cell by vapor transport deposition and achieved
an efficiency improvement from 0.83 to 3.02% by optimizing the position of the evaporation
source. The influences on the electrical properties, structural properties, and conversion efficiencyof the Sb2S3 thin film solar cells were investigated with the J-V measurements, XRD, EQE, andSEM. the results show that the sample at the optimal evaporation source position could obtain thebest crystallinity, the strong preferential (221) orientation, and the minimal voids. Meanwhile, thedark J-V curves revealed that the optimal sample had the least Shockley-Read-Hall recombinationand the lowest trap concentration. Furthermore, the temperature and light intensity dependentopen-circuit voltage measurements demonstrated that the optimal sample exhibits the largest builtin voltage and the lowest carrier recombination rates in all regions including the CdS/Sb2S3
interface, the space-charge region, and the quasi-neutral region thus resulting in the biggest Voc, Jsc,and FF, which may contribute to the enhancement of the performance and achieve the highest
efficiency.

Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of the deposition system for Sb 2S3 thin films on CdS-coated substrates; (b)Schematic structure of the Sb2S3 thin-film solar cell. (c) Light J-V curves of the Sb2S3 thin-film cells of d= 7.5
cm, 15 cm, 22.5 cm, 30 cm, respectively.
References[1] Y. Yin et al., Sci. Bull 2019, 64, 136–141. [2] S. Yuan et al., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 2016,157, 887–893.

37

Carrier capture dynamics in InAs/GaAs

S17

self-assembled quantum dots investigatedusing time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy
Vince Paul Juguilon1, Deborah Anne Lumantas-Colades1, Neil Irvin
Cabello1, Alexander De Los Reyes1, Inhee Maeng2, Chul Kang3,
Chul-Sik Kee3, Elmer Estacio1
1National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City

1101, Philippines 2YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University Collegeof Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea 3Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju
Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
E-mail: vjuguilon@nip.upd.edu.ph

We observe the saturation of photoexcited carriers in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum
dots (QD) at high excitation fluence through an optical pump-terahertz probe (OPTP)
experiment conducted at room temperature [1]. Results indicate that increasing the opticalpump power leads to a higher photoexcited carrier lifetime immediately upon photoexcitation[2-6]. Calculations show that the lifetime at low pump power (0.4 mW) is 500 ps with acorresponding carrier-to-dot density of 3.69. Meanwhile, at 7.0 mW pump power, a carrier
lifetime of 3.7 ns was determined with a 64.62 carrier-to-dot density. For all optical pump
powers considered, carrier lifetime decreased to about 500 ps after sufficient time. Previous
studies have reported a decrease in the lifetime of the GaAs substrate by an order of magnitude
due to the ultrafast carrier capture into the InAs QDs. However, at higher excitation fluence,
filling of QD states can occur and this decrease in the effective lifetime is mitigated [2,7]. After
recombination of carriers in the dot, QDs will return to its unsaturated state and carrier capture
process from the GaAs barrier to the InAs QDs will proceed. These changes in the dynamical
processes are reflected in the gradual decrease and convergence of lifetime back to 500 ps.
References[1] M.C. Beard, G.M. Turner, and C.A. Schmuttenmaer, Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter 62, 2000, 15764. [2] D.
Turchinovich, K. Pierz, and P. Uhd Jepsen, Phys. Status Solidi C 0(5), 2003, 1556. [3] H.P. Porte, P. Uhd Jepsen,
N. Daghestani, E.U. Rafailov, D. Turchinovich, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(26), 2009, 262104. [4] D.A. Yarotski, R.D.
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Goos-Hänchen Shifts in low-loss dielectrics:
Experimental observations in Si substrate
Jared C. Operana1, Nathaniel Hermosa1
1National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman, C.P. Garcia Avenue,

Diliman, 1127 Quezon City, Philippines
E-mail: joperana@nip.upd.edu.ph

The Goos-Hanchen (GH) shift is a phenomenon where the point and angle ofreflection of a beam of linearly polarized light are displaced relative to the predictionof geometric optics. GH shifts can happen, independently or together, in two ways – (1) as a spatial GoosHanchen shift (∆GH) where there is a lateral deviation from the point of reflection; and (2) as an angular
Goos-Hanchen shift (ΘGH) where there is an angular deviation from the angle of reflection[1]. On externalreflection and with a sufficiently collimated light beam, only material with loss, or materials withimaginary dielectric component can produce spatial GH shifts. This is due to the dependence of GH shifts
on the polarization of the incident light, the divergence of the incident beam, as well as the subject
material’s loss ratio, εi/εr or the ratio between the imaginary εi and real εr part of its dielectric function [2].
In the low loss regime (εi/εr << 1), metals have a maximum Spatial GH shift that occurs at the grazing
incidence, while dielectrics show a characteristic, isolated resonance near the Brewster angle [2]. In thiswork we experimentally detect this characteristic, isolated resonance GH shift of light due to a low-loss
dielectric. Detecting this GH shift presents itself as a challenge since the GH shift only occurs within atiny range of incident angles. We believe that this is the first experimental detection of this GH shift.
Our setup is shown in Fig. 1a, where the light beam is prepared such that, it is collimated and with adefined polarization. A variable retarder controlled by a waveform generator toggles the polarization
between the s- and p-states, before it is made to impinge the Si wafer, our low loss material. The deflection
between the two polarization states is measured by the quadrant detector where the deflection of the spolarized beam is set as the reference. A lock-in amplifier is used to remove technical noise. We detect the∆GH in the range of incident angles between 75.5o and 76o, with the peak recorded at 75.7o (Fig. 1b). We
measure a maximum GH shift of 5.1 × 10-5 meters. Lower than 75o, we fail to detect ∆GH within our limitof precision. We believe that it can be used for applications such as in precision detection[3] and in material
characterization.[4]Fig. 1. (a) Experimental setup of GH shift detection, comprising of a light source, a polarizer, variable retarder controlled by a waveform generator
in sync with the lock in amplifier and the quadrant detector. Silicon wafer is rotated around its z axis to cover the range of incident angles. (b) Measured
beam shift difference, or the difference between GH shifts measured at s and p states of the reflected light.
[1] Merano, M., Aiello, A., Van Exter, M. P., Eliel, E. R., & Woerdman, J. P. (2007). Observation of Goos-Hänchen shifts inmetallic reflection. Optics express, 15(24), 15928-15934.
[2] Götte, J. B., Aiello, A., & Woerdman, J. P. (2008). Loss-induced transition of the Goos-Hänchen effect for metals anddielectrics. Optics express, 16(6), 3961-3969.
[3] Olaya, C. M., Hayazawa, N., Hermosa, N., & Tanaka, T. (2020). Angular Goos–Hänchen Shift Sensor Using a Gold Film
Enhanced by Surface Plasmon Resonance. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 125(1), 451-458.
[4] Zambale, N. A. F., Sagisi, J. L. B., & Hermosa, N. P. (2019). Goos-Hänchen shifts due to graphene when intrabandconductivity dominates. Optics Communications, 433, 25-29.

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