RRI International Symposium 2022
October 13, 2022

Japan-Germany Standardization Collaborationin Industrie 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)- Joint work as a pre-standardization activity -Dr. Jens Gayko: Managing Director Standardization Council Industrie 4.0
Dr. Fumihiko Kimura: Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo

Contents
Germany

Objective, Scope of activities
First and second edition of Common Strategy Paper

Japan

Joint work as a pre-standardization activity
Use case approach
Examples of collaborations
Future topics for collaboration
How it works in Japan

Germany

PI4.0 standardization strategy
Hot topics and Future pre-standardized topics from Germany

Japan

Session Summary

Contents
Germany

Objective, Scope of activities
First and second edition of Common Strategy Paper

Japan

Joint work as a pre-standardization activity
Use case approach
Examples of collaborations
Future topics for collaboration
How it works in Japan

Germany

PI4.0 standardization strategy
Hot topics and Future pre-standardized topics from Germany

Japan

Session SummaryObjective, Scope of activities
Situation:• Japan and Germany are both world leaders in the field of manufacturing technology andproduction systems• Both countries have made great efforts to promote smart manufacturing research,developments, and industrial implementations• Standardization is a key issue for the success of a smart manufacturing vision• Internet of Things (IoT)/Industry 4.0 requires an unprecedented degree of system
integration across domain borders, hierarchy borders and life cycle phases

Approach: Japan and Germany agreed to cooperate on standardization in the field of smart
manufacturing

Contents
Germany

Objective, Scope of activities
First and second edition of Common Strategy Paper

Japan

Joint work as a pre-standardization activity
Use case approach
Examples of collaborations
Future topics for collaboration
How it works in Japan

Germany

PI4.0 standardization strategy
Hot topics and Future pre-standardized topics from Germany

Japan

Session Summary

First and second edition of Common Strategy Paper
March 2017: Japan and German partners agreed to• create a common future vision of smart
manufacturing standardization• establish a mechanism of proactive informationexchange• work transparently together
Since that time
• 55 meetings of standardization experts• 5 published discussion papers / white papers• Presentations during• RRI-Forum• Industrie 4.0 Forum at Hannover Fair

First and second edition of Common Strategy Paper
October 2020: Update on the common strategy with more
precise objectives and scope`:• reaching a common understanding of standardization
approaches and concepts• continuation and establishment of constant and open
information sharing• supporting the adoption of national/international
standards to harmonise the framework conditions• identifying standardization requirements and providing
input for several international standard activities• prior study of the subject of standardization, and study fordissemination• discussion and consideration of the future vision ofstandardization in smart manufacturing• items related to standardization in problem solving futuresociety such as Society 5.0 (Japan)

Contents
Germany

Objective, Scope of activities
First and second edition of Common Strategy Paper

Japan

Joint work as a pre-standardization activity
Use case approach
Examples of collaborations
Future topics for collaboration
How it works in Japan

Germany

PI4.0 standardization strategy
Hot topics and Future pre-standardized topics from Germany

Japan

Session Summary

Joint work as a pre-standardization activity• Many urgent issues of sustainability, industrial innovation and social welfare
for advancement of information society, e.g. Society 5.0• Not only domestic but also international investigation mandatory• Requirements and potential opportunities for international collaboration• Standardization for smart manufacturing• Japan-Germany Standardization Collaboration: deep and standing bilateralcollaboration by experts• Pre-standardization activity: identification of important potential
standardization topics• Standardization activity: ISO, IEC and other standardization organizations forclearly identified standardization topics based on international consensus

Contents
Germany

Objective, Scope of activities
First and second edition of Common Strategy Paper

Japan

Joint work as a pre-standardization activity
Use case approach
Examples of collaborations
Future topics for collaboration
How it works in Japan

Germany

PI4.0 standardization strategy
Hot topics and Future pre-standardized topics from Germany

Japan

Session Summary

Top-down Approach to Standardization• Traditionally standardization work has been done, based on the“consensus” principle, assuming that technology is already known.
• In smart manufacturing era, standardization can not start from theexisting standards or technology, but from the user’s high level vision anddemand. Then detailed requirements are derived.
• Application scenario is a high level description for the future target.

• Requirements for standardization are derived from such high level user
description in a top-down manner.
• Before going into the detailed technical discussion, it is important toagree on the requirements for target of standardization.

Top-down Approach to Standardization: Use Case
Application
Scenario

Top-down Approach

Business View

Possible future business scenarios
Use Case

Technical use cases

Interactions ofstakeholders anda system

New products, solutions, services&
Standardization requirements

New Services

Usage View

Functional View
Standardization
Requirements
Gap analysis to identify
missing standards

Contents
Germany

Objective, Scope of activities
First and second edition of Common Strategy Paper

Japan

Joint work as a pre-standardization activity
Use case approach
Examples of collaborations
Future topics for collaboration
How it works in Japan

Germany

PI4.0 standardization strategy
Hot topics and Future pre-standardized topics from Germany

Japan

Session Summary

URM-M: Unified Reference Model – Map and Methodology [2017]
Navigation tool for smart manufacturing system development• URM-MM aims to provide map and methodology which show a procedural guide with
relevant international standards and harmonize existing models to guarantee openness andinteroperability at each development process.
Canvas

Unified Reference Model

Aspect Y

Focus Area

Model/Organization
RAMI4.0 / Platform Industrie 4.0
IIRA / Industrial Internet Consortium
IMSA / Made in China2025
Smart Manufacturing Ecosystem / NISTIoT Reference Architecture / JTC1/WG10
Architectural Framework for IoT/IEEE P2413
Architecture Reference Model / oneM2M
IoT Reference Model / ITU-T SG20
Big Picture 3D Diagram / ISO TC184
Framework for the smart manufacturing
standards landscape / AIF
IVRA / IVIDemachi Proposal/ TC65 ahG3
UML / OMG

Aspect X

Clarification & Mapping Method
Clarification & Mapping Method

Use-case

Function

Data

VBS: Application Scenario - Value-based Service [2018]
Today

Tomorrow• New business roles: operator IoT
platform and service provider• Application scenario not focusedon manufacturing industries andcan be applied in other industries
also

VBS: Value-Based Service - Functional view
◼ Objectives of Functional View analysis
are;➢ To be a reference for systemdesigners who want to draw
system architecture, function towork and information to share in
the system, and necessaryinteractions between them for
Value-based Service application➢ To show hypothesis cases forstandard developers who analyze
requirements for future system
and identify standards to be
developed and promoted

AAS: Asset Administration Shell: Usage view [2019]
Asset Administration Shell isdigital representations of an asset:• Structuring the information andfunctions of an asset in a
uniform manner• Decoupling an asset from theapplication specificinterpretations• Improving interoperability of anasset

Asset Administration Shell: Application to VBS

Usage view of AAS for VBS

VBS implementation based on Asset-oriented Approach

Contents
Germany

Objective, Scope of activities
First and second edition of Common Strategy Paper

Japan

Joint work as a pre-standardization activity
Use case approach
Examples of collaborations
Future topics for collaboration
How it works in Japan

Germany

PI4.0 standardization strategy
Hot topics and Future pre-standardized topics from Germany

Japan

Session Summary

Edge Management [2021]• Scope of Edge Management

Edge Management: Business view and usage view
Typical business cases• Component supplier• New data-based services• Machine supplier• Improved remote services• System integrator• New, higher-value optimization
services• Machine user

• Interested in all services above

Technical solution approach

Edge Management: System integrator business caseNew, higher-value
optimization services• Deliver optimization services
based on gathered data
• New type of service is
expected, as the “plug &operate” capabilities ofmachines and devices
increase

Digital Twin as social infrastructure [under discussion]• Basic technology is mature with the long history of related research and development.

• Intended concept of Digital Twin is not yet well understood: bi-directional anddynamic cyber-physical integration throughout the whole life cycle.
• Industrial implementation is in progress, but not yet satisfactory: superficial
implementation based on simple tools.
• More systematic approach is mandatory for future sustainable evolution.

• Standardization is a basis for reducing the complexity and enhancing the interoperability.
• Critical review and knowledge sharing of the current status and identification of thegaps which hinder the practical usefulness are important.

Possible action items for Digital Twin
• Use case collection/review• Analysis based on scope/domain, viewpoint, maturity• Needs for standardization• Comparative study of existing standardization activities• ISO, IEC, IEEE, Industrial consortia, etc.
• Analysis based on scope/domain, viewpoint, etc.

• Future topics from industrial/social requirements• Reference architecture for industrial/social applications: usage/functional viewpoint• Example• Resilience across multiple industries/social infrastructure• Environmental/circular economy,• Long-term archiving,• Human-machine interaction/autonomy

Categorization of use cases for Digital Twin
• “Layer” dimension• Business – Usage – Functional -- Implementation• Extended life cycle dimension• Process: Supply chain – Manufacturing management/execution – Maintenance – Reuse/retirement• Product: Material – Parts – Assembly – Usage – Reuse/retirement• Engineering: Engineering – Development – Design – Manufacturing preparation -- Redesign• Hierarchy dimension• Inter-enterprises – Enterprise – Work center – Device(control) – Device(physical)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------• Extended application domain• Manufacturing, Mobility, Food, Medical/welfare services, Logistics, Social infrastructure

Bold: already many examples
Red: still few examples ----------> Huge potential benefit of utilizing Digital Twin concept: Focus areas for the action items

Usage process for Digital Twin
• Interactions between cyber and physical world (to be elabrated)
Cyber
Supply chain

Physicalstaticdynamic*

Design/redesign*

Manufacturingexecution

Modelsaffected or to
be generated*

Use/reuse*
Extended social
applications• Missing characteristics• bi-directional and dynamic cyber-physical integration

Models alreadyexisting orplanned*Use case: Reuse of products and production systems
Requirements for model contents• Nominal product information• Functional/usage specification• Product configuration/assembly• Parts specification including materials for tracing environmental footprint• Product usage information• Usage environment including dynamic changes• Usage history and associated data collected from physical world including environmental
performance data (energy consumption, etc.)• Used product information• Deterioration of product information including functionalities and materials, etc.
• Evaluation of quality and reliability• Product behaviour information• Dynamic behaviour including all aspects of physical/logical behaviour• Redesign/reconfiguration information• Redefining functionalities based on product usage data
• Updating related product information

Use case: Reuse of products and production systems
Example: EV battery reuse for multiple purposes
Battery
production

EV
productionEV
use

Takeback
Disassembly
Digital Twin for Battery
Usage information

Design information: feed forward & backward
Battery
recovery

Machine A
production

Machine A
use

Takeback
Disassembly

Material
recovery“Physical object” flow
“Information” flow

Contents
Germany

Objective, Scope of activities
First and second edition of Common Strategy Paper

Japan

Joint work as a pre-standardization activity
Use case approach
Examples of collaborations
Future topics for collaboration
How it works in Japan

Germany

PI4.0 standardization strategy
Hot topics and Future pre-standardized topics from Germany

Japan

Session Summary

How it works in Japan• Diversified participants• Not focusing on standardization only
• Necessity and benefit of standardization for future industry and society• Inclusion of various organizations, e.g., industrial/academic associations• Same technology with different context in Japan and Germany• Elaboration of different requirements and enablers for deep mutual
understanding• IEC Syc SM and RRI/AG1, etc.
• Horizontal interactions among standardization-focused organizations• Deep and standing bilateral collaboration by experts

Contents
Germany

Objective, Scope of activities
First and second edition of Common Strategy Paper

Japan

Joint work as a pre-standardization activity
Use case approach
Examples of collaborations
Future topics for collaboration
How it works in Japan

Germany

PI4.0 standardization strategy
Hot topics and Future pre-standardized topics from Germany

Japan

Session Summary

Standardizing Industrie 4.0
Triangle of Digital Transformation▪ Strategic planning / recommendations▪ International cooperation strategy▪ SME integration

DigitalTransformation▪ Initiation of cross sectoral standards▪ Coordination of national and international standards▪ Cooperation with international fora & consortia▪ Network of pilot projects▪ Practical piloting and validation of concepts▪ Validated return of results into standardization

2020 Standardization Council Industrie 4.0

Standardizing Industrie 4.0
German Standardization Roadmap Industrie 4.0 – Edition 4“Standardization roadmaps on Industrie 4.0 are
important blueprints to shape the digital
ecosystem.”• Available in English and German at:https://www.sci40.com/english/german-roadmap/• Also available in 日本語
https://www.jmfrri.gr.jp/document/library/1645.html• Reduce complexity, and to provide recommendations foruniform descriptions and specifications• Over 60 Experts from Industry, Academia and Research
involved• Secretariat by SCI 4.0• “Door opener” for SME into standardization of digitalmanufacturing
33

2022 Standardization Council Industrie 4.0

Standardizing Industrie 4.0
Progress Report 2022

• Available in English and German at:https://www.sci40.com/sci-4-0/normungsroadmap/• Show the progress of the recommendations forstandardization work
• Update the recommendations (if applicable)• Input for new edition of standardization roadmap

2022 Standardization Council Industrie 4.0

Standardizing Industrie 4.0
German Standardization Roadmap Industrie 4.0 – Edition 5• Edition 5 is scheduled for Hannover Fair 2023
• 17. – 21. April 2023
Edition 5• https://www.hannover.de/en/view/content/586447/full/
0/672366• Update of existing chapters and recommendation forstandardization work
• New or extended topics:• Sustainability• Data spaces

352022 Standardization Council Industrie 4.0

Contents
Germany

Objective, Scope of activities
First and second edition of Common Strategy Paper

Japan

Joint work as a pre-standardization activity
Use case approach
Examples of collaborations
Future topics for collaboration
How it works in Japan

Germany

PI4.0 standardization strategy
Hot topics and Future pre-standardized topics from Germany

Japan

Session Summary

Digital Product Passport a Concept from EU Commission

2022 March 30th:
EU KOM published draft of ESPR (Ecodesign
Requirement for Sustainable Products)→ Requirements for a Digital Product Passport (DPP)Digital Product Passport

Digital Product Passport

Digital Product Passport

The Digital Product Passport▪ … is a concept from EU Commission▪ … could and should be based on technical concepts of industry → AAS▪ … requires definitions for the content of DPPs for specific product categories• … This could be acomplished by submodels of AAS• … Could and should be internationally standardized

AAS Submodels and the Support by IEC CDD•

The AAS shall become an international standard
developed by IEC/TC 65/WG 24 in IEC 63278series•

Selected AAS sub-model templates shall also
become international standards•

Example: „Submodel Digital Nameplate“(developed by IEC/SC 65E/WG 2)•

IEC/SC 3D proposes to develop such selected
AAS sub-model-templates as “Databasestandards” with publication in new IEC CDD
domain IEC 61360-7

German approach in the area of standardization•

German standardization strategy (roadmap) is updated on a regular basis•

New topics are added like sustainability and data spaces•

The AAS is a central element for digitizing German industry and data-based value chains•

The concept is very generic and can be applied to many use cases•

EU Commission aims for digital data exchange for sustainable products•

Concept of AAS could be applied to this use caseDr. Jens Gayko
Jens.Gayko@vde.com
Standardization Council Industrie 4.0
contact@sci40.com
www.sci40.com

Contents
Germany

Objective, Scope of activities
First and second edition of Common Strategy Paper

Japan

Joint work as a pre-standardization activity
Use case approach
Examples of collaborations
Future topics for collaboration
How it works in Japan

Germany

PI4.0 standardization strategy
Hot topics and Future pre-standardized topics from Germany

Japan

Session Summary

Summary• Standardization is important for realizing smart manufacturing towards
global and sustainable developments.
• Germany and Japan have agreed to cooperate in the international
standardization activities by sharing information and setting up
consistent strategy and action plans. To widen the perspective, thecooperation seeks also to involve future visions of standardization
related to smart manufacturing.
• The underlying aim and motivation for the collaboration is to maintain an
open forum for timely information sharing and active discussion on any
interesting issues of smart manufacturing and its standardization.

ありがとうございます
Vielen Dank