The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake on April 16 and Our Actions
9 May, 2016
Takashi Onishi, President, Science Council of Japan
Akira Wada and Noriaki Hirose
Representative Directors, Japan Academic Network for Disaster Reduction
Science Council of Japan (SCJ) and Japan Academic Network for Disaster Reduction (JANET-DR,
a network of 50 academic societies related to disaster reduction) would like to express ourcondolences for the people who lost lives in the Kumamoto Earthquake and offer our heartfelt
sympathies for those affected by the disasters. And, we also would like to express our gratitude forthe helps and sympathies offered by our colleagues abroad. We would like to urgently report whatoccurred in Kumamoto and what actions were taken by SCJ and JANET-DR so far.
A series of strong earthquakes attacked Kumamoto and Oita Prefectures in central Kyushu in themid of April. The severe casualties and damages were reported: 49 killed, one missing, 18 disasterrelated deaths, 1,600 wounded, 63 thousand houses collapsed or damaged, and 15 thousands
evacuated as of 6 May (183 thousands on 17 April). The first strong earthquake was recorded at
21:26, 14 April, 2016, in Mashiki Town, Kumamoto. Then, after many small-scale aftershocks, thestrongest shock occurred 1:45, 16 April in the same town, which was called the main shock of “the2016 Kumamoto Earthquake”. The hypocenters of those earthquakes are situated at shallow depth
in Futagawa and Hinagu fault zones, two of the most prominent active faults in Kyushu region. The
displacement of those faults caused more than 1,000 shocks at various seismic intensity in Kumamotoareas.
The pictures shown on the document No. 1 were taken at the sites, which showed a strike-slip fault
appeared on a paddy field, wooden houses collapsed in Mashiki Town, landslides in Minami-AsoVillage and the collapse of Aso-Ohashi road-bridge presumably caused by landslide.
It is obvious that strong shocks caused by the displacement of the active faults in the vicinity
destroyed mainly old wooden houses which didn’t fit the current seismic design standards and killed
many people inside them. Some of buildings and infrastructure facilities, however, which aresupposed to possess adequate seismic capacity were also damaged.

The damage of theearthquake differs according to the geographical feature and the situation of ground. Therefore,
further investigation must be done.
Some of the members of SCJ and JANET-DR went to the disaster area for the urgent investigationand had two opportunities to report what learnt from these disasters.
Firstly, the emergency joint press conference was held on April 18, at the meeting room of Japan
Society of Civil Engineers with the participation of 43 journalists in order to transfer the accurate
information of the earthquakes and disasters caused by them from the academics to the media asshown on the document No. 2. As a result, many views of experts attended in the conference as
speakers were cited in many articles.

Secondly, the urgent report meeting was held on May 2, at SCJ auditorium with the lectures from
17 societies and more than 300 participants including 54 journalists as shown on the same document
No. 2. The lectures on the investigation were made by experts of many societies;
The Seismological Society of Japan,
The Japanese Society for Active Fault Studies,
The Japanese Geotechnical Society,
The Association of Japanese Geographers,
Geographic Information Systems Association of Japan,
Japan Society of Civil Engineers,
Architectural Institute of Japan,
Japan Association of Earthquake Engineering,
The Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage and Rural Engineering,
Japan Society of Engineering Geology,
The Japan Landslide Society,Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering,
Japan Society of Disaster Nursing,Japanese Association of Disaster Medicine,Japan Association of Planning and Public Management,
Japan Society for Disaster Recovery and Revitalization, andJapan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management.
We would like to appreciate the experts who made precious reports for the understandings, lessons
and scientific ideas for the further research.
The followings were stressed through lectures and discussions as what we have to:
1. Understanding and even predicting the further development of the present activities of the activefaults. Especially, finding how the series of earthquakes will affect other active faults or subductionzones is what the society wants to know.
2. Understanding the expansion of landslide in mountainous areas where landslides took place dueto the earthquakes.
3. Understanding how the continuous two peaks of large-scale shocks affected the destruction ofman-made structures.
4. Considering how we can reduce the people’s anxieties or fears caused by the earthquakes.
5. Considering how we can propagate practical disaster-reduction measures, as the Kumamoto
earthquake is likely to occur anywhere in Japan.
6. Considering how we can accelerate recovery and reconstruction making use of the pastexperience of disasters such as effective measures in loss of power, in evacuation center
management, and so on.
7. Strongly recommending retrofitting old buildings and housing, everywhere in Japan, which do nothave the seismic capacity to withstand earthquakes.
We will have another report meeting when our societies finish their initial field survey hopefully inJuly.

The 2016 Ｋｕｍａｍｏｔｏ Eａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ on April 16

NO1Kumamoto, on the island of Kyushu
in southwest Japan.
Second big earthquake was the main
shock. M 3.5 or greater earthquake
occurred 228 times in 20 days.

AsoExpansion of
Okinawa TroughCompression byPhilippine Sea plate

Date and Time(JST) Hypocenter M S. I (Max)14 April 2016 21:26 Kumamoto 6.5 7
14 April 2016 22:07 Kumamoto 5.8 615 April 2016 00:03 Kumamoto 6.4 6+
16 April 2016 01:25 Kumamoto 7.3 7 Main
16 April 2016 01:45 Kumamoto 5.9 616 April 2016 03:55 Aso
5.86+
16 April 2016 09:48 Kumamoto 5.4 6[source: Japan Meteorological Agency]

slide direction[source: Prof.Kato et al.,GRL, 1998 , revised]
Hypocenter distribution
2016/04/14 21:00~2016/04/22 06:00[source: NIED, Network Center for Earthquake, Tsunami and Volcano]The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake occurred at shallow depth, in vicinity ofslide direction
Futagawa and Hinagu fault zones, two of the most prominent active faults inKyushu region. Plural active faults, related to each other, caused the earthquakes. The cause of the earthquake was strike-slip fault.
[Photograph: the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan

Damage caused by the earthquake in Mashiki town, Kumamoto Pref.

Kumamoto Earthquake victims（6 May, 2016）
Killed: 49 people
Missing : 1person
Wounded: 1600 people
Collapsed or damaged houses: 63000[Photograph: Prof. Yoneda]

Landslides in Minami-aso village and collapse of Aso-Ohashi road-bridge.

The land made of volcanic ash is fragile.
With heavy rain, complex disaster will be continuing.
[Photograph: Kokusai Kogyo Co.Ltd, Pasco Corporation]

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NO２
First response to Kumamoto earthquake
Science Council of Japan (SCJ) & Japan Academic Network for Disaster Reduction (JANET-DR)

Urgent report meetingon 2 May 2016

Emergency joint press conference
on 18 April 2016

http://janet-dr.com/
Transmission and sharing of information
about Kumamoto earthquake using website

・Experts of different fields gathered and made the opportunity to answer a variety ofquestions about Kumamoto earthquake.
・Accurate information was transferred from academies to media. Total 97 journalists
attended and cited the opinions of experts in many articles.
・Providing the opportunity for each society to explain the report of urgent investigation.
・Promoting understanding of Kumamoto earthquake and disaster by sharing information
among different academic societies.
・Promoting interdisciplinary cooperation for disaster reduction and disaster restoration.

TsunamiEarthquake
VolcanoFire

Storm Flood

Earth
Observation

Science Councilof Japan

Meteorology
EconomyAdministration
LandGeology
EnergyJANET-DR

City-Planning

50 academic societies
related to disaster reduction Machine

DisasterPrevention

ControlHistory
Water
Environment

Medical Care
Engineering

Representatives of 47 Academic Societies and members of Science Council of Japan, January 9, 2016

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