◊ ✲ࢸ࣮࣐ࠕ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛッゴἲࡢṔྐⓗᇶ♏◊✲ࠖᇼ஭⪽Ụ㸦ᱜ⨾ᯘ኱Ꮫࣜ࣋ࣛࣝ࢔࣮ࢶᏛ⩌ᩍᤵ㸧ㅰ㎡ᮏ◊✲ࡣ 2019 ᖺᗘබ┈㈈ᅋἲே JFE21 ୡ⣖㈈ᅋ࢔ࢪ࢔Ṕྐຓᡂࡢᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࢥࣟࢼ⚝࡟ࡼࡾᾏእ࡛ࡢྐᩱㄪᰝࡀ㐙⾜୙⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪඲ 3 ᅇࡢᮇ㛫ᘏ㛗ࢆ⤒࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠿࠿ࡿ≉౛ᥐ⨨ࢆㄆࡵ࡚㡬࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡇࡢሙࢆ࠾೉ࡾࡋ࡚῝ㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋᴫせ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲࡣ㸪ࢫࣥࢼὴࡢἲ⌮ㄽ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ 4 ࡘࡢἲ※㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕձၨ඾ࠗࢡࣝ࢔
࣮ࣥ࠘㸪ղ㡸ゝ⪅࣒ࣁ࣐ࣥࢻࡢゝ⾜㸦ࢫࣥࢼ㸧㸪ճ࣐࣮࢘ࣛ㸦ἲゎ㔘ࢆᢸ࠺࣒ࢫ࣒ࣜ᐀ᩍ
▱㆑ேᒙ㸧ࡢᏛㄝࡢ୍⮴㸦࢖ࢪ࣐࣮ࣗ㸧㸪մ㢮᥎ゎ㔘ࢆ ྵࡴྜἲ࡞᥎ㄽ㸦࣮࢟ࣖࢫ㸧࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᏛㄝἲ࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋ㸪බㄆᅄἲᏛὴ㸦ࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴ㸪࣐࣮ࣜࢡὴ㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖
࣮ὴ㸪ࣁࣥࣂࣝὴ㸧ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚య⣔໬ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣಶูලయⓗ࡞஦౛࡟㛵ࡍࡿつᐃࡢ✚ࡳ㔜࡞ࡾ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣᙜ஦⪅㛫ࡢ⣮தࡢゎỴࡀ኱ࡁ࡞ẚ㔜ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛౽ᐅⓗ࡟ࠕ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛッゴἲࠖ࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣ㸪ἲᏛ᭩࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕッゴ㸦al-daʿwā, al-khuṣūma,al-mukhāṣamāt㸧ࠖ㸪ࠕドゝ㸦al-shahādāt㸧ࠖ㸪ࠕ⿢ุᐁࡢᚰᚓ㸦adab al-qāḍī㸧ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓㅖ❶ࡢつᐃࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ዎ⣙➼ࡢᐇయἲࡢྛ❶࡟ᩓᅾࡍࡿ㛵㐃つᐃࢆ⥲⛠ࡍࡿࠋᛂເ⏦ㄳ᭩࡟グ㍕ࡋࡓ㏻ࡾ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡣ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛッゴἲࡢ୰࡛ࡶ≉࡟ุỴࡢ᪤ุຊ࡜࠸࠺኱ㄽⅬ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓࠋ᫬௦ⓗ࡞⪃ᐹ⠊ᅖࡣ㸪ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆࡵࡄࡿ㆟ㄽࡀ୺せ࡞ᒎ㛤ࢆぢࡏࡿ࣐࣒࣮ࣝࢡᮅᮇ㸦1250-1517 ᖺ㸧࠿ࡽ࢜ࢫ࣐ࣥᖇᅜᮇ 16 ୡ⣖ࡲ࡛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ྐᩱㄪᰝࡣ㸪2022 ᖺ 8 ᭶࡟࢖ࢫࢱࣥࣈ࣮ࣝࡢࢫࣞ࢖࣐ࢽ࢚ᩥ᭩㤋࡟࠾࠸࡚⾜࠸㸪ୖグࡢ᫬௦࡟ᒓࡍࡿッゴἲ㛵㐃ࡢἲᏛ᭩ࡢ෗ᮏࢆ㜀ぴࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲ࡢᡂᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࢳࣗࢽࢪ࢔ᅜ❧ᅗ᭩㤋ࡢࡳࡀ 1 Ⅼࡢ෗ᮏࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ᪤ุຊࡢᑓㄽ㸦ୗグ 2.2.1㸧
ࡶㄪᰝࡢᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡢྠᅜ࡬ࡢΏ⯟ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ᩿ᛕࡋࡓ ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᚋ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡇࡢྐᩱࡣᚋୡ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢ⤖ㄽࢆ኱ࡁࡃ
ᕥྑࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲ࡢᡂᯝࡣ㸪ձ ᑠ㔝ோ⨾࣭⣽㇂ᖾᏊ࣭ᇼ஭⪽Ụ࣭᳃⏣㇏ᏊࠗSIAS Working Paper Series
33 ୰ᮾ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛᅪ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ♫఍ⓗᙅ⪅ࡢᶒ฼ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࠘ୖᬛ኱Ꮫ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪2021, 1-20㸪ղࠕຠᯝุỴ࡜᭷ຠุỴ̿࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛッゴἲ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪤ุຊ̿ࠖ᪥ᮏ

୰ᮾᏛ఍➨ 37 ᅇᖺḟ኱఍ሗ࿌㸦2021 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 16 ᪥㸪᪊❧࿨㤋኱Ꮫ㸦࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥ㸧㸧㸪ճࠕࢫࣥࢼὴ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲᏛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪤ุຊㄽதࡢᒎ㛤࣐࣒࣮̿ࣝࢡᮅᮇࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿ࠖࠗす༡࢔ࢪ࢔◊✲࠘➨ 93 ྕ㸦2022㸧㸪1-23 㡫࡟࠾࠸࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ࢔ࢪ࢔Ṕྐຓᡂࡢຓᡂ࡟ࡼࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂グࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪2023 ᖺ 2 ᭶࡟ୖグࡢᮍぢྐᩱࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ࠺࠼
࡛㸪ⱥㄒㄽᩥ࡟ࡼࡿⓎ⾲ࢆணᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
1. ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲᏛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪤ุຊ
1.1 ᪤ุຊ࡜ࡣ
ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲᏛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ᪤ุຊࡢᴫᛕࡀ᭷ຠุỴ㸦ḥukm bi-al-ṣiḥḥa㸧࡟ᑐࡍࡿຠᯝุỴ㸦ḥukm bi-al-mūjab㸧ࡢㄽⅬࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋࡲ
ࡎࡣ᪤ุຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᪥ᮏἲ࡟ᚑ࠸㸪⡆༢࡟ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ

㸫㸫᪤ุຊ࡜ࡣ⿢ุࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ᐃࡋࡓุỴࡢุ᩿ࡀ௨ᚋᙜ஦⪅㛫ࡢἲᚊ㛵ಀࡢᇶ‽࡜࡞ࡿຠຊࢆᣦࡍ㹙ᮎᕝ 1971:159㹛ࠋࡘࡲࡾ๓ッุỴࡣ㸪ᙜ஦⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣᚋッ࡟࠾
࠸࡚๓ッุỴ࡜┦཯ࡍࡿ୺ᙇࢆጉࡆ㸪ᚋッ⿢ุᡤ࡟ࡣ๓ッุỴ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᑂ⌮ุ࣭Ỵࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ A ࡢ༨᭷ᆅ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᡤ᭷ᶒ☜ㄆッゴࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚ᩋッࡋࡓ B ࡀ෌ࡧᡤ᭷ᶒࡢ☜ㄆࢆồࡵࡓሙྜ㸪B ࡣ๓ッ࡜ྠࡌ୺ᙇࡣ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪๓ッุỴ☜ᐃᚋ࡟ࡇࡢ
ᅵᆅࢆ A ࠿ࡽ㉎ධࡋࡓ➼࡟ࡼࡿᡤ᭷ᶒྲྀᚓࢆ୺ᙇ࣭❧ドࡋ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ㸪෌ࡧᩋッࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪᪤ุຊࡣุỴࡢ඲࡚ࡢุ᩿࡟⏕ࡌࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ุỴࡢ୺ᩥ㸦⿢ุୖࡢㄳồ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙜྰࡢᛂ⟅㸧࡟ໟࡲࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡟㝈ࡽࢀ㸦Ẹッἲ➨ 144 ᮲ 1 㡯㸧㸪ุỴ⌮⏤࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿุ᩿࡟ࡣ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪A ࡀ B ࡢ༨᭷ᆅ࡟ࡘࡁ㏉㑏ㄳồッゴࢆᥦ㉳ࡋ㸪⿢ุᡤࡣ A ࡀᅵᆅࡢᡤ᭷⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡋ࡚㸦ุỴ⌮⏤㸧㸪B ࡟ࡑࡢ㏉㑏ࢆ࿨ࡌࡓ㸦ุỴ୺ᩥ㸧ሙྜ㸪A ࡢᡤ᭷ᶒࡣㄆᐃࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪B ࡣᚋッ࡛ࡇࢀࢆத࠸ᚓࡿࠋࡲࡓ᪤ุຊ
ࡣேⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ッゴ୧ᙜ஦⪅࡜ุỴ☜ᐃᚋࡢࡑࡢᶒ฼ᢎ⥅ே➼࡟ཬࡪ㸦ྠ➨ 115 ᮲ཧ↷㸧ࠋ
1.2 ඛ ⾜◊✲ᮏ◊✲ࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟㛵ᚰࡣ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲᏛ࡟ࡶඹ᭷ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲᏛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪤ุຊ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡣஈࡋࡃ㸪Ḣ⡿ㄒ࡟ࡼࡿࡶ
ࡢࡣ࢚࣑࣮࣭ࣝࢸ࢕࢔ࣥࡢ▷࠸ㄽᩥࡀ 1 ࡘ࠶ࡿࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡀᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲᏛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᪤ุຊ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿุỴࡢࠕᇳ⾜ຊ㸦nafādh㸧ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ㄒࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡔࡀ㸪ᙼࡣ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲࡀ㏆௦ἲ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮㸦࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲ⿢ุᐁ㸧ࡢุỴࡣ◚Რࡉࢀᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࢆཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪᪤ุຊࡢㄆᐃ࡟ᾘᴟⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ㸪᪤ุຊࡼࡾࡴࡋࢁุỴࡀ◚Რࡉࢀࡿཎᅉ࡟⪃ᐹࢆ㝈ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙Tyan 1962:81㹛ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᙼ⮬㌟ࡀㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ุỴࡢ◚Რࡢཎᅉ࡜ ࡞ࡿἲࡢゎ㔘࣭㐺⏝ࡢㄗࡾ⮬యࡀ㸪ἲࡢ᫂ᩥ㸦ୖグ 4 ࡘࡢἲ※ࡢ࠺ࡕୖ఩ 3 ࡘ㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚☜❧ࡋࡓἲุ᩿࡟ᑐࡍ
ࡿ㐪཯࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓἲุ᩿ࡀ☜❧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ἲゎ㔘ᑐ㇟஦㡯㸦 mujtahadāt 㸧 ࡜ ࿧ ࡤ ࢀ 㸪 ┦ ᑐ ❧ ࡍ ࡿ Ꮫ ㄝ ࡀ ➼ ࡋ ࠸ ຠ ຊ ࢆ ࡶ ࡗ ࡚ ➇ ྜ ࡋ ᚓ ࡿ 㹙 Tyan
1962:82-85㹛ࠋἲⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡣἲゎ㔘ᑐ㇟஦㡯࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᚋ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࢖ࢫ࣮ࣛ
࣒ἲᏛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢸ࢕࢔ࣥࡢ୺ᙇ࡜ࡣ㏫࡟ࠕุỴࡣ◚Რࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠖࡢࡀཎ๎࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࢸ࢕࢔ࣥࡣ 10 ୡ⣖௨㝆ࡢ࣐࣮࢘ࣛࡀ⮬ࡽࡢᡤᒓἲᏛὴࡢ㏻ㄝ࡟
ᣊ᮰ࡉࢀ㸪࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡶ㏻ㄝࡢ㐺⏝⩏ົࢆ㈇࠸㸪ࡇࢀ࡟཯ࡍࡿุỴࡣ◚Რࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡢ
Ꮫㄝⓗྜពࡀᡂ❧ࡋࡓࡓࡵ㸪ἲゎ㔘ᑐ㇟஦㡯ࡢ⠊ᅖࡣ஦ᐇୖ࠿࡞ࡾ⊃ࡵࡽࢀࡓ࡜୺ᙇ
ࡍࡿ㹙Tyan 1962:86㹛ࠋࡓࡋ࠿࡟㸪࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡑࡢᏛὴෆ࡛㏻ㄝ㐺⏝ࡢᅽຊࡀാࡃࢣ࣮ࢫࡣぢࡽࢀࡓ㹙ᇼ஭ 2004:114-16, 134-40㹛ࠋࡔࡀ㸪㏻ㄝࡢ୙㐺⏝ࡀุỴࡢ◚Რࡢཎᅉ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࡢᏛㄝࡀ☜❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡲ࡛ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸㹙ᇼ஭ 2004:130㹛ࠋ᭷ຠุỴ࡟ᑐࡍࡿຠᯝุỴ࡜࠸࠺ㄽⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࢔ࣛࣅ࢔ㄒ࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲ࡣᩓぢࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲᏛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪤ุຊ࡜㛵㐃࡙ࡅࡓࡶࡢࡣ࡞࠸ࠋḢ⡿ㄒ࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲ࡣⓙ↓࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ୗグ 2.2.1 ௨ୗࡢ㈨ᩱ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᭩ㄅ᝟ሗ࡛ࡶࠕຠᯝ㸦mūjab㸧ࠖࡀࠕཎᅉ㸦mūjib㸧ࠖ࡜ㄗㄞࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡯࡝࡛࠶ࡿ㸦 GAL:SII 313, GII93, SI 71, GII82 㸧ࠋ㸫㸫2. ຠ ᯝุỴ࡜᭷ຠุỴ
2.1 ຠᯝุỴ࡜ࡑࡢ㉳※ຠᯝุỴ࡜ࡣ㸪౛࠼ࡤࠕᙜヱ኎㈙ዎ⣙ࡢຠᯝࢆุỴࡍࡿ㸦ḥakama bi-mūjab㸧ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ୺ᩥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࠕຠᯝ㸦mūjab㸧ࠖࡢⓎ⏕ࢆㄆࡵࡿุỴ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕຠᯝࠖࡢලయⓗෆᐜࡣ㸪࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡀุỴ୰࡛ពᅗࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆྵࡵ඲࡚ࢆิᣲࡍࡿ࠿㸪ࡲࡓࡣ඲ࡃ㛤♧ࡉࢀ࡞࠸㹙Ibn Ḥajar H 1417/1997:2/197; Bulqīnī:1436/2015, 1/77㹛ࠋࡺ࠼࡟࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡀ㐺⏝ࡋࡓᏛㄝࢆ≉ᐃࡋ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ㸪ࠕຠᯝࠖ⮬యࡶ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㹙Ibn Ghars 2018:57㹛ࠋᮏ᮶ࡢព࿡࡛ࡢຠᯝุỴ࡜ࡣ㸪ἲᚊ⾜Ⅽࡢ᭷ຠせ௳ࡢ᏶඲࡞❧ド࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ᭷ຠุỴ࡟ᑐ⨨ࡉࢀ㸪❧ド࡟ከᑡࡢ୙ഛࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪⿕࿌ࡀࡑࡢ⾜Ⅽࡢຠᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⩏ົࢆ㈇࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡞ ሙ ྜ ࡟ ㄆ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ᩥ ゝ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ୍ ẁ ୗ ࡢ ุ Ỵ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㹙 Ibn
Farḥūn 1423/2003:1/90; Ṭarābursī 1300/1882-83:43; ʿIrāqī 1433/2012:443㹛ࠋຠᯝุỴࡀ࠸ࡘ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ⓩሙࡋࡓ࠿ࡣ㸪ࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜ࡣࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴ
ࡢ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥ࢔ࣝ㸻࢞ࣝࢫ㸦894/1489 ἐ㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪࠿࠿ࡿุỴᡭἲࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶඛே
㸦salaf.୍⯡࡟㡸ゝ⪅࣒ࣁ࣐ࣥࢻࡢࠕᩍ཭ࠖ㸪ࠕᚋ⥅⪅ࠖ㸪ࠕᚋ⥅⪅ࡢᚋ⥅⪅ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛඹྠయࡢ᭱ึࡢ 3 ୡ௦㸧ࡢ᫬௦࡟ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ุỴෆᐜࡣ↛ࡿ࡭ࡁᙧ࡛᫂
♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࡢᚋࡣຠᯝุỴࡀᚎࠎ࡟័⾜໬ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢព࿡ࢆゎࡉ࡞࠸⪅ࡲ࡛ ࡀ ࡇ ࡢ ᩥ ゝ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ ุ Ỵ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㹙 Ibn Ghars 2018:57; Ibn Nujaym
1413/1993:408㹛ࠋ࣐࣮ࣜࢡὴࡢ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥࣇ࢓ࣝࣇ࣮ࣥ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ᙜึࡣᅄἲᏛὴࡢ࠺ࡕ
ࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮ὴࡢἲᏛ᭩ࡢ୰࡛ࡢࡳຠᯝุỴ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺
㹙Ibn Farḥūn 1423/2003:1/91; Ṭarābursī 1300/1882-83:43㹛ࠋຠᯝุỴ࡜ࡑࡢ᪤ุຊࡀ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲᏛୖࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ㄽⅬࡢ 1 ࡘ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ࣐࣒ࣝ
࣮ࢡᮅᮇ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩘࠎࡢᑓㄽࡀⴭࡉࢀ ࡓࠋࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࡇࡢ᫬௦≉᭷ࡢไᗘⓗ࡞⫼ᬒࡀ࠶ࡿࠋከࡃࡢ᫬௦࣭ᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ≉ᐃࡢἲᏛὴࡀᨭ㓄ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ྖἲ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡑࡢᏛὴࡢ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡀከᩘࢆ༨ࡵࡓࠋ࣐࣒࣮ࣝࢡᮅᨭ㓄ୗࡢ࢚ࢪࣉ
ࢺ࡛ࡶࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮ὴࡀඃໃ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࢫࣥࢼὴᅄἲᏛὴࢆ➼ࡋࡃྖἲ࡟ཧ୚ࡉ
ࡏࡿᨻ⟇ࡀ࡜ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪๓ッ࡜ᚋッ࡛࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡢᏛὴࡀ␗࡞ࡿ ࡇ࡜ࡶ⛥࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡇࡢሙྜ࡟ࡋࡤࡋࡤᚋッ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡣ๓ッࡢຠᯝุỴࢆ↓どࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
௨ୗࡢᑓㄽࡣ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ຠᯝุỴࡢᶒጾࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚᭩࠿ࢀࡓࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋḟ⠇࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡽࢆྵࡴྐᩱࢆᴫほࡍࡿࠋ
2.2 ୺せ࡞ྐᩱ2.2.1 ࢔ࣇ࣐ࢻ࣭ࣈ࣭࣒ࣥࣁ࣐ࣥࢻ࣭࢔ࢵ㸻࣮࣑࣮ࣝ㸦 ࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴ㸪717/1317 ἐ㸧ࠕ᭷ຠ࣭ຠᯝุỴṇㄽ㸦al-Qawl al-aṣwab fī al-ḥukm bi-al-ṣiḥḥa wa-al-mūjab㸧ࠖ⌧Ꮡࡍࡿ㝈ࡾᜍࡽࡃ᭱ึࡢᑓㄽ࡛㹙Bulqīnī 1436/2015 :1/12 ;Ḥājj Khalīfa n.d.:2/1362;
Ismāʿīl Bāshā 1951:1/104㹛㸪๓㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡑࡢ၏୍ࡢ෗ᮏࡣᮍぢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋⴭ⪅ࡣࢲ࣐ࢫ࢝ࢫ࡛Ꮫ⪅࣭᐀ᩍᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ά㌍ࡋ㸪᫬ࡢ▱஦࢔࣮ࢵࢡ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣗ࢔ࣝ㸻࢔ࣇ࣒ࣛ 㸦ᅾ఩
698/1299㸫709/1309-10㸧࡟ᑛᓫࡉࢀࡓ㹙Ibn Kathīr 1410/1990:1/244-45; Ibn Ḥajar A 134950/1930-31:1/242; Ṣafadī 1418/1998:1/316-17㹛ࠋࡔࡀ㸪ఏグ㈨ᩱ࡛ࡣᙼࡢⴭసࡣ 1 Ⅼࡶᣲࡀࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸㹙Tamīmī1403/1983:2/17;Qurashī 1413/1993:1/244-45㹛ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢㄽ✏ࡶຠᯝุỴࢆࡵࡄࡿᚋୡࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ୰࡛ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ᫂♧ⓗ࡟ࡣ᥼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪㸫㸫ᚋୡ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡓୗグ 2.2.2 ࡀᢈุࡍࡿࠕ࠶ࡿࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴࡢ኱≀ࠖ࡟ࡼࡿᑓ
ㄽ㹙Subkī n.d.: 1/380-82㹛ࡀࡇࡢㄽ✏ࢆᣦࡍ࡜ࡍࢀࡤ㸦2.2.1 ࢆࡶࡌࡗࡓ࠿ࡢ 2.2.2 ࡢᶆ㢟࠿ࡽࡑࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡿ㸧㸪Ṕྐ࡟ᇙἐࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ୙ᛮ㆟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
2.2.2 ࢱ࣮࣭࢟࢔ࢵ㸻ࢹ࢕࣮࣭ࣥࢫࣈ࣮࢟㸦756/1355 ἐ㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮ὴ㸧ࠕຠᯝุỴ඲ㄽ㸦al-Qawl al-muʿib fī al-qaḍāʾ bi-al-mūjab㸧ࠖⴭ⪅ࡣ 16 ᖺ௨ୖ࡟ࢃࡓࡾࢩࣜ࢔ࡢ኱࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࢆົࡵ 㸪ຠᯝุỴㄽࡢඛ㥑⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᑓㄽࡣᜍࡽࡃ㸪ᚋ㏙ࡢ஦௳࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᙼࡀⓎࡋࡓ㛗኱࡞ࣇ࢓ࢺ࣮࣡
㸦ලయⓗ࡞ἲᚊၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡍࡿ↷఍࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ ࣐࣮࢘ࣛࡀⓎ⾜ࡍࡿ㸪ཎ๎ⓗ࡟ࡣ㠀බᘧࡢἲᏛពぢ࡞࠸ࡋ㚷ᐃ㸧㹙ᇼ஭ 2004:141-44㹛ࡢ๓༙ࡀ⊂❧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
2.2.3 ࢩ࣮ࣛࢪ࣭ࣗ࢔ࢵ㸻ࢹ࢕࣮࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣝ࢟ࢽ࣮㸦805/1403 ἐ㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮ὴ㸧ࠕ᭷ຠ࣭ຠᯝุỴ࡟㈷ࢀࡿᗎㄝ㸦al-Fatḥ al-mūhab fī al-ḥukm bi-al-ṣiḥḥa wa-al-mūjab㸧ࠖⴭ⪅ࡣࢫࣈ࣮࢟ࡢᘵᏊ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢㄽ✏ࡣᖌࡢᡤㄽࢆ⢭⦓࣭య⣔໬ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪ྠὴෆእ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᚋୡࡢ㆟ㄽ࡟⌮ㄽⓗ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
2.2.4 ࢔ࣈ࣮࣭ࢬࣝ࢔࣭࢔ࣝ㸻࢖࣮࣮ࣛ࢟㸦826/1423 ἐ㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮ὴ㸧ࠕ᭷ຠ࣭ຠᯝุỴ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄽ✏㸦al-Risāla fī al-ḥukm bi-al-ṣiḥḥa wa-al-mūjab㸧ࠖⴭ⪅ࡣࣈ࣮ࣝ࢟ࢽ࣮ࡢᘵᏊ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ෆᐜⓗ࡟ࡣᖌࡢぢゎࡢᢈุ࠿ࡽᡂࡾ㸪㔜せ࡞
グ㏙ࢆྵࡴࠋ
2.2.5 ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥࢡࢺ࣮ࢗࣝࣈ࣮࢞㸦879/1474 ἐ㸪ࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴ㸧ࠗἲつᐃࡢຠᯝ࠘
࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡢࡓࡵࡢຠᯝุỴࡢᡭᘬࡁ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪 ᵝࠎ࡞ἲᚊ⾜Ⅽࡢຠᯝࢆゎࡁ᫂࠿ࡋࡓ᭩࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡇࡢㄽⅬ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୺せ࡞඾ᣐࡢ 1 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
2.2.6 ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥࢾࢪࣕ࢖࣒ 㸦970/1563 ἐ㸪ࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴ㸧ࠕຠᯝࡲࡓࡣ᭷ຠᛶࡢุỴࠖ
㹙Ibn Nujaym 1419/20-1998/91:341-43㹛㸪ࠕ࿌ッ࣭ッゴࡀඛ⾜ࡋ࡞࠸ุỴࠖ
㹙ibid:397-422㹛ⴭ⪅ࡣ࢜ࢫ࣐ࣥᖇᅜᮇ㸦1299-1922㸧ࡢࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿ࣐࣮࢘ࣛࡢ 1 ே࡛㸪࢚ࢪࣉࢺ࡛άືࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ 2 ࡘࡢㄽ✏ࡣ 2.2.5 ࠾ࡼࡧୗグࡢ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥ࢞ࣝࢫࡢ᭩࡟኱ᖜ
࡟౫ᣐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
௨ୖࡢ௚㸪࣐࣮ࣜࢡὴ࡛ࡣ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥࣇ࢓ࣝࣇ࣮ࣥ㸦799/1397 ἐ㸧ࡀࡑࡢྡ㧗࠸ッゴἲᑓ㛛᭩ࡢ୰࡛ࡇࡢㄽⅬࢆヲゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠᵝࡢ᭩࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴࡢ ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥ࢔ࣝ
㸻࢞ࣝࢫ㸦894/1489 ἐ㸧ࡢッゴἲᥦせࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠ᭩ࡣ㸪ྂ඾࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲᏛ᭱ᚋ

ࡢᕧᫍ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥ࢔࣮ࣅࢹ࢕࣮ࣥ㸦1258/1842-43 ἐ㸧ࡀࡑࡢ኱ⴭࡢ୰࡛ຠᯝุỴࢆㄽࡌࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡾ୺せ࡞඾ᣐ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
3. ᪤ ุຊࢆࡵࡄࡿ㆟ㄽࡢᒎ㛤ࢫࣈ࣮࢟ࡣຠᯝุỴ࡟᭷ຠุỴ࡜ྠ➼ࡢ᪤ุຊࢆㄆࡵࡓ ࠋࡔࡀ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢᏛㄝࡣࡴ
ࡋࢁຠᯝุỴࡀ᭷ຠุỴࢆໟྵࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚෌ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡑࡢᙉ໬ࢆᅗࡾ㸪ᚋッ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮࡟ᑐࡍࡿᣊ᮰ຊࡶ᫂☜໬ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࠕຠᯝࠖࡶࡇࢀࢆἲᚊ⾜Ⅽࡢἲⓗຠᯝࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿࢫࣈ࣮࢟ࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽ㸪ᑂุࡢᑐ㇟࡜㛵㐃࡙ࡅࡿᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ᐃ⩏࡬࡜Ⓨᒎࡋ㸪᪤ุຊࡢ⠊ᅖࡢཝᐦ໬ࡀᅗࡽࢀࡓࠋ࣐࣒࣮ࣝࢡᮅᮇ࡜␗࡞ࡾ㸪ࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴࡀ
බᘧࡢἲᏛὴ࡜ࡋ࡚ඃໃ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ 16 ୡ⣖௨㝆ࡢ࢜ࢫ࣐ࣥᖇᅜ࡛ࡣ㸪ຠᯝุỴࡢㄽⅬࡣࡼࡾ᫂☜࡟ࠕッ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤุỴ࡞ࡋࠖࡢཎ๎࡜⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡽ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ

㸫㸫3.1 ࢱ ࣮࣭࢟࢔ࢵ㸻ࢹ࢕࣮࣭ࣥࢫࣈ࣮࢟
ࡲࡎࡣࢫࣈ࣮࢟ࡢᡤㄽ࡟┠ࢆ㌿ࡌ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡑࡢࡁࡗ࠿ࡅࡣ㸪ᙼࡀ௨ୗࡢ஦᱌࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ࣇ࢓ࢺ࣮࣡ࢆồࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࠶ࡿዪᛶࡀ㸪⮬ࡽᡤ᭷࣭༨᭷ࡍࡿᐙ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᜥᏊ࡜ࡑࡢᏊࠎᏞࠎࢆཷ┈⪅࡜ࡍࡿ࣡ࢡ
ࣇ㸦ᐤ㐍㸧ࢆタᐃࡋࡓࡇ࡜㸪ࡑࡢ⟶㈈ேࡣ⮬ࡽࡢ⏕๓ࡣ⮬㌟㸪ṚᚋࡣᜥᏊ࡟ᣦᐃࡋࡓࡇ
࡜ࡢᢎㄆ㸦iqrār㸧ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ ࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮ὴࡢ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮A ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪⮬ࡽࡀᙜヱᢎㄆࡢຠᯝุỴࢆ⾜࠸㸪⮬ࡽࡢබุᘐ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕࡑࡢ❧ド࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ࡑࡢุỴࠖࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ
᪨ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢุỴࡣዪᛶࡢṚᚋ㸪ྠὴࡢ௚ࡢ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᇳ⾜ࡉࢀ㸪ᐙࡣ࣡ࢡࣇ㈈࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪࣐࣮ࣜࢡὴ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮B ࡀ㸪ձ࣡ࢡࣇタᐃ⪅⮬㌟ࡀ⟶㈈ᶒே࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡾ㸪ղ࣡ࢡࣇタᐃᚋ࡟༨᭷ࢆ⥅⥆ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ྠὴࡢᏛㄝ࡛ࡣ࣡ࢡࣇ
ࡣ↓ຠ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ճࡲࡓᮏุỴࡣ᭷ຠุỴ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃຠᯝุỴ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛㸪ࡇࡢุỴࡣ◚Რࡉࢀᚓࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪ࢫࣈ࣮࢟࡟ࡼࢀࡤ࣐࣮ࣜࢡὴࡢ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ ࡣ ྠ ὴ ࡢ Ꮫ ㄝ ࡟ ཯ ࡍ ࡿ ๓ ッ ุ Ỵ ࢆ ↓ ど ࡍ ࡿ ഴ ྥ ࡀ ᙉ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡼ ࠺ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㹙 Subkīn.d.:1/382㹛ࠋᙼࡢྠ൉࡛࠶ࡿࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴ኱࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡢࢱࣝࢫ࣮ࢫ࢕࣮㸦758/1357 ἐ㸧ࡶྠᵝࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙Ṭarsūsī 1997:19-20㹛ࠋࢫࣈ࣮࢟࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ճࡢࡼ࠺࡞୺ᙇࡣࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮ὴࡢࣇ࢓ࢺ࣮࣡ࡢ୰࡟ࡶぢࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ࣮ࣛࣇ࢕࢖࣮㸦626/1226 ἐ㸧ࡀྠὴࡢṇㄝ࡜ࡋ࡚ఏ࠼ࡿᏛㄝࢆ᰿ᣐ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪⿕࿌ᡤᅾᆅࡢ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡀཎ࿌ᡤᅾᆅࡢ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮࠿ࡽཎ࿌ࡢ ᶒ฼ࢆド᫂ࡍࡿドゝࢆグ㍕ࡋࡓᩥ᭩ ࡢ㏦㐩ࢆཷࡅࡓሙྜ࡟ࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆドࡍࡿࠕᮏᩥ᭩ࡣ☜࠿
࡟ᮏᐁ࡟㏦㐩ࡉࢀ㸪ᮏᐁࡣࡇࢀࢆㄆド ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࡢᐇ⾜ࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᩥゝࡣ㸪ุỴࡢᮏ㉁࡛࠶ࡿࠕ⩏ົ࡙ࡅ㸦ilẓām㸧ࠖࡀ⾲⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ุỴࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸࡜ࡉࢀࡿ㹙Rāfiʿī 1417/1997:5/22-23㹛ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢᩥゝࡣࡇࡢᏛㄝࡢ㏻ࡾࡑࡶࡑࡶุ
Ỵ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡋ㸪ࠕຠᯝࡢᐇ⾜ࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡶࡇࡢᏛㄝ࡛ఏࢃࡿ௨እ࡟㢮౛ࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪ຠᯝุỴࢆᣦࡍࡶࡢ࠿ࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋࡴࡋࢁຠᯝุỴࡢᩥゝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢩࣜ࢔ᆅ
᪉࡛☜❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠕຠᯝࢆุỴࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧௨እ࡟࡞࠸ࠋࡺ࠼࡟ࡇࡢᏛㄝ࠿ࡽ
ຠᯝุỴࢆྰㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㹙Subkī Ms.:256r-v;idem n.d.:1/371-72㹛ࠋࡲࡓ㸪୍㒊ࡢࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴࡣ㸪ᮏุỴࡀᢎㄆࡢຠᯝุỴ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ◚Რྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ࡓࡔࡋᮏ஦᱌ࡢุỴ࡟࠸࠺ࠕࡑࡢุỴࠖࡢࠕࡑࡢࠖࡀᢎㄆ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࣡ࢡࣇࢆᣦࡋ㸪ࡺ࠼࡟ࠕࡑࡢุỴࠖࡀ࣡ࢡࣇࡢ᭷ຠุỴࢆព࿡ࡍࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪◚Რࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡜ၐ࠼ࡓࠋ
࣐࣮ࣜࢡὴ࡟ࡶࡇࡢ❧ሙࡢᨭᣢ⪅ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㹙Subkī Ms.:55v;idem n.d.:1/368㹛ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ࢫࣈ࣮࢟ࡣຠᯝ࣭᭷ຠุỴࢆၥࢃࡎ㸪◚Რࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡜ ⤖ㄽࡍࡿࠋࡑ
ࡢ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡲࡎุỴ᭩ࡢࠕࡑࡢุỴࠖࡢࠕࡑࡢࠖࡣᢎㄆ࡜ゎࡍࡿࡢࡀ⮳ᙜ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡺ࠼࡟ᮏุỴࡣᢎㄆࡢຠᯝุỴ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜☜ᐃ ࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪ࡇࢀࢆ◚Რ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ㄽᣐࢆ 2ࡘᣲࡆࡿࠋ➨ 1 ࡢ᰿ᣐࡣ㸪ἲゎ㔘ᑐ㇟஦㡯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢุỴࡣ㸪ἲࡢ᫂ᩥ࡟཯ࡋ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ◚Რࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺☜❧ࡋࡓཎ๎࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨ 2 ࡢ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࢫࣈ࣮࢟࡟ࡼࢀࡤࡼࡾᙉ
ຊ࡞ㄽᣐࡣ㸪◚Რࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀุ࡚Ỵࡀ☜❧ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ἲⓗᏳᐃᛶࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀࡎ㸪ⴭࡋ࠸୙㒔ྜࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㹙Subkī Ms.:255v-56r;idem n.d.:1/368-69㹛ࠋᙼࡣࡇࡇ࡛㸪᭷ຠุỴࡢࡳࡀ◚Რࢆචࢀࡿ࡜ࡢ❧ሙ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪᭷ຠุỴ࡟ࡣ 2 ✀㢮࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿࠋ➨ 1 ࡣ㸪⤯ᑐⓗ࡞᭷ຠุỴ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ࣡ࢡࣇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᭷ຠุỴࡀ㸫㸫࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢタᐃ⪅ࡢタᐃ᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿᡤ᭷ᶒ࠾ࡼࡧ඲࡚ࡢ᭷ຠせ௳ࡢ඘㊊ࡀఱேࡶᑐᢠࡋᚓ࡞࠸ᙧ࡛❧ドࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆせࡍࡿ㸦ࡘࡲࡾࡇࢀࡽࡢ஦㡯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᑐ
ୡⓗ࡞᪤ุຊࡀཬࡪ㸧ࠋࡔࡀ㸪࠿࠿ࡿุỴࡣࡑ࠺⡆༢࡟ࡣฟࡏ࡞࠸ࠋ➨ 2 ࡣ㸪≉ᐃேࡢࡳࢆᣊ᮰ࡍࡿ┦ᑐⓗ࡞᭷ຠุỴ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᢎㄆࡢຠᯝุỴ㸪ࡘࡲࡾᢎㄆ࡟ࡑࡢຠᯝࢆ㈇ࢃࡏࡿุỴࡣࡇࢀ࡟࠶ࡓࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽᢎㄆ࡜ࡣேࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ୙฼┈࡜࡞ࡿ஦ᐇࢆㄆࡵࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᮏே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⮬ࡽࡢᢎㄆ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢෆᐜࡣ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ᮏே࡟ࡑࡢ
ຠᯝࢆ㈇ࢃࡏࡿุỴ࠿ࡽࡶࡇࢀࡽࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡀᑟ࠿ࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ୖグ஦᱌ࡢ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡢุỴࡢ୺ᩥ࡟ࡣ㸪ձᢎㄆࡢຠᯝ㸪ղᙜヱᢎㄆࡢ᭷ຠᛶ㸪ճᢎㄆෆᐜࡢ᭷ຠ
ᛶࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ㹙Subkī Ms.:256v;idem n.d.:1/375㹛ࠋୖグ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮B ࡀᙜヱ࣡ࢡࣇ࡟↓ຠุỴࢆୗࡋࡓ㸪ࡘࡲࡾᙜヱ࣡ࢡࣇࡢ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞↓ຠᛶࢆᐉゝࡋࡓ࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࡑࢀࡣタᐃ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ࣡ࢡࣇ࡜ࡑࡢᢎㄆࡀ↓ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡋ㸪ୖグࡢղճ࡟཯ࡍࡿ
㹙Subkī Ms.:256r;idem n.d.:1/370㹛ࠋࡘࡲࡾᙜヱุỴࡣձ㹼ճ࡟ࡘࡁ᪤ุຊࢆ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮B ࡟ࡼࡿᙜヱ࣡ࢡࣇࡢ↓ຠุỴࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ຠᯝุỴࡣ◚Რࡉࢀᚓࡿ࡜ࡢ୺ᙇࢆ࡯ࡰㄽ㥍ࡋ㸪ㄽ✏ࡢᮎᑿ࡟ࡉࡋ࠿࠿ࡗ
ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛㸪ࢫࣈ࣮࢟ࡣࡼ࠺ࡸࡃࠕຠᯝࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪ຠᯝุỴ࡟࠸࠺ࠕຠᯝࠖ࡜ࡣពᛮ⾲♧㸦lafẓ㸧࠿ࡽ⏕ࡌࡿຠᯝ㸦athar㸧ࢆᣦࡍࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪᭷ຠᛶ࡜ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓຠᯝࢆ⏕ࡐࡋࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᩥゝࡢᒓᛶ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶἲⓗ࡞ホ౯㸦ḥukm sharʿī㸧࡛࠶ࡿ㹙Subkī Ms.:256v;idem n.d.:1/374㹛ࠋࡇࡢព࿡࡛ࡢࠕຠᯝࠖࡣ㸪ពᛮ⾲♧࠿ࡽㄽ⌮ᚲ↛ⓗ࡟ᑟ࠿ࢀࡿຠᯝ㸦muqtaḍā㸧㸪ࡘࡲࡾ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ព࿡࡛ࡢຠᯝ࡜ࡣᚲ
ࡎࡋࡶ୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪኎㈙ዎ⣙ࡢຠᯝࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ព࿡࡛ࡶἲⓗ࡞ព࿡࡛ࡶᡤ᭷ᶒࡢ⛣㌿ࡸྛ✀㑅ᢥᶒࡢⓎ⏕➼࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ࡑࢀࡀ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲ࡛⚗ࡌࡽࡿ኎㈙࡛࠶ࢀ
ࡤࠕຠᯝࠖࢆḞࡃࠋຠᯝุỴࡀ₍↛୙᫂☜࡛↓ຠ࡞ุỴᩥゝ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢ୺ᙇ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚
ࡣ㸪ࢫࣈ࣮࢟ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ุỴ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕຠᯝࠖ࡜ࡣᖖ࡟ἲⓗ࡞ព࿡࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿ௨
ୖ㸪ࡑࡢෆᐜࡣ୍⩏ⓗ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ຠᯝุỴࡣ᭕᫕ᛶࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸࡜཯ㄽࡍࡿ
㹙Subkī n.d.:378-79; Bulqīnī:1436/2015, 1/77-78㹛ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࢫࣈ࣮࢟࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪࠶ࡿἲᚊ⾜Ⅽ㸪౛࠼ࡤ࣡ࢡࣇタᐃዎ⣙࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᭷ຠุỴࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡛ࡶ㸪タᐃ᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿタᐃ⪅ࡢᡤ᭷ᶒࡢᏑᅾࡀ❧ド࡛ࡁ࡞࠸Ⅼࢆ㝖ࡅࡤ㸪࣡ࢡࣇタᐃዎ⣙ࡀ㐺ṇ࡟⥾⤖ࡉࢀ㸪ࡲࡓタᐃ⪅ࡀᡤ᭷⪅࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿሙྜ
࡟ຠᯝุỴࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ḟࡢ 5 ࡘࡢᐇ┈ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋձ⮬ᕫ࣡ࢡࣇ㸦タᐃ⪅⮬ࡽࢆཷ┈⪅࡜ࡍࡿ࣡ࢡࣇ㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᙜヱἲᚊ⾜Ⅽࡢྍྰ࡟ࡘࡁᏛㄝࡢᑐ❧ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ᭷ຠ࡜ࡍࡿ❧ሙࡢ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡀ࣡ࢡࣇタᐃࡢຠᯝࢆุỴࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪௨ᚋࡇࡢ஦᱌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᏛㄝᑐ❧ࡀᡶᣔࡉࢀࡿ㸦ࡘࡲࡾᙜヱ≀௳ࡀ࣡ࢡࣇ࡛࠶ࡿⅬ࡛᪤ุຊࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ㸧ࠋղ࣡ࢡࣇタᐃ⪅ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢᡤ᭷≀௳ࢆ⿦ࡗ࡚࣡ࢡࣇ≀௳ࢆ኎༷ࡋ㸪࣡ࢡࣇࡢ⟶㈈ே࡞
࠸ࡋཷ┈⪅ࡀࡇࢀࢆ࣡ࢡࣇ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚தࡗࡓሙྜ㸪࣡ࢡࣇ≀௳ࡢ㠀ㆡΏᛶࢆྵ
ࡴ࣡ࢡࣇࡢຠᯝࢆㄆࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪タᐃ⪅࡟࣡ࢡࣇタᐃࡢ㈐௵ࢆ㈇ࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ճ࣡ࢡࣇࡢ༨᭷⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ㏉㑏ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡓࡾ㸪մタᐃ⪅ࡢṚᚋ㸪┦⥆ே࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࣡ࢡࣇࡢッ࠼ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓሙྜ㸪༨᭷⪅ࡲࡓࡣ┦⥆ேࡀタᐃ⪅ࡢᡤ᭷ᶒࢆᢎㄆࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿ㝈ࡾ㸪࣡ࢡࣇࡢຠᯝุỴ࡟ࡼࡾ㏉㑏ࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

㸫㸫յཷ┈⪅࡟ࡼࡿ㓄ᙜㄳồࢆຠᯝุỴࡢࡳ࡛ㄆࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㹙Subkī n.d.:1/376, 77㹛ࠋせࡍࡿ࡟㸪ຠᯝุỴ࡜ࡣᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟ࡣᅉᯝ㛵ಀ㸦sababiyya㸧ࢆㄆࡵࡿุỴ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪❧ドᡭẁࡀᢎㄆ࠿ேド࠿ࢆၥࢃࡎ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ୙฼┈ࢆ⿕ࡿ⪅࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㈇ࢃࡏ
ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㹙Subkī n.d.:1/376-77㹛ࠋ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢫࣈ࣮࢟ࡣຠᯝุỴ࡜᭷ຠุỴࢆ༊ูࡋ ࡓୖ࡛㸪ᙜヱἲᚊ⾜Ⅽࡢ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞᭷ຠᛶࢆᐉゝ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࢆ⿕࿌ࡀ㈇࠺࡭ࡁࡇ࡜ࡀἲⓗ࡟┦ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࢣ࣮ࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡣຠᯝุỴ࡟ッ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ㄽࡌࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᙼࡣ 2 ࡘࡢㄢ㢟ࢆṧࡋࡓࠋ➨ 1 ࡟㸪ᢎㄆ⪅ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢពᛮ⾲♧ࡢຠᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚⩏ົࢆ㈇࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ ᢎㄆࢆ㝖ࡅࡤ㸪ࡣࡓࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࡜ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞
࠸ࡼ࠺࡞⾜Ⅽࡢຠᯝࡢ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡀྍ⬟࡞ࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ࠶ࡾᚓࡿࡢ࠿ࡀၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ➨ 2 ࡟㸪ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࡜㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡀ㸪ᙼࡣຠᯝุỴࡢࠕຠᯝࠖࢆពᛮ⾲♧ࡢຠᯝ㸪ࡼࡾཝᐦ࡟ࡣពᛮ
⾲♧ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢἲᚊ⾜Ⅽࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢἲⓗ࡞ຠᯝ࡜ࡋ㸪᭷ຠ࡞࠸ࡋ↓ຠ࡜࠸ࡗࡓຠ
ຊ࡜ࡣ༊ูࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡔࡀ㸪↓ຠ࡞⾜Ⅽ࠿ࡽຠᯝࡣ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ຠᯝࢆ᭷ຠᛶ࡜ษࡾ
㞳ࡋ࡚ㄽࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
3.2 ࢩ ࣮ࣛࢪ࣭ࣗ࢔ࢵ㸻ࢹ࢕࣮࣭ࣥࣈ࣮ࣝ࢟ࢽ࣮࡜࢖࣮࣮ࣛ࢟
ࢫࣈ࣮࢟௨ᚋࡶ㸪ຠᯝ࣭᭷ຠุỴ࡜࠸࠺ศ㢮⮬యࡣ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠿࡛ࡶᙼࡢᘵ
Ꮚࣈ࣮ࣝ࢟ࢽ࣮ࡣ୧ุỴࡢ┦㐪࡜ඹ㏻Ⅼࢆヲࡋࡃㄽࡌ㸪 ࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮ὴࡢෆእ࡛▱ࡽࢀࡿ୧ุỴࡢᐃ⩏ࢆṧࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎ㸪᭷ຠุỴ࡜ࡣ㸪ࠕ᭷ᶒ㝈⪅㸦ࡘࡲࡾ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮➼ࡢྖἲᶵ㛵㸧࡟ࡼࡿ㸪⮬ࡽࡀᑂุ࡛ࡁ㸪࠿ࡘ࠾ࡼࡑ❧ドྍ⬟࡞✀ࠎࡢせ௳ࢆලഛࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢἲᘐ࡛❧ドࡉࢀࡓ஦㡯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᙜヱ஦㡯ࡀ 㸪⮬ࡽࡢᏛㄝⓗ❧ሙ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ
ἲⓗ࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿែᵝ࡛㸪⬟ຊ⪅࡟ࡼࡾ㐺ṇ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ❧ド࡛ࡁࡿุỴ ࠖ࡜ࡉࢀ ࡿ 㹙 Bulqīnī:1436/2015, 1/46-47 ; Ibn Ḥajar 1349-50/1930-31:2/197; Ibn Farḥūn
1423/2003:89; Ṭarābursī 1300/1882-83, 42㹛ࠋࡇࡢᐃ⩏ࡣ㸪᭷ຠุỴࡢせ௳ࡀ㸪ձ⾜Ⅽ⪅ࡢ
⾜Ⅽ⬟ຊ㸪ղᙧᘧ࣭ෆᐜⓗ࡟㐺ṇ࡞ពᛮ⾲♧㸦ࡓࡔࡋ࣐࣮ࣜࢡὴ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㐺ṇ࡞ᩥゝᙧᘧࡢ❧ドࡀᚲせ࡞ἲᚊ⾜Ⅽࡣ㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸧㸪ճ⾜Ⅽ⪅ࡢ⾜Ⅽ᫬ࡢ┠ⓗ≀ࡢᡤ᭷ᶒ࠾ࡼ
ࡧմ༨᭷࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪㏫࡟ࡇࡢุỴ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ձ㹼մࡀᚲ↛ⓗ࡟ᖐ⤖ࡉࢀࡿ㸪ࡘࡲࡾࡣ᪤ุຊࢆ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙Bulqīnī:1436/2015, 1/56-57 ;Ibn Ḥajar 1349-50/193031:199; Ḥujawī n.d.:385㹛ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ຠᯝุỴ࡜ࡣ㸪ࠕ᭷ᶒ㝈⪅࡟ࡼࡿ㸪ࠝ⮬ࡽࡀᑂุ࡛ࡁ㸪ࠞ⮬ࡽࡢබุᘐ࡛
❧ドࡉࢀࡓ஦㡯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㸪ࡑࡢ஦㡯࠿ࡽ㸪⮬ࡽࡢᏛㄝⓗ❧ሙ࡟ࡼࢀࡤἲᚊⓗ࡟↛ࡿ࡭ࡁែᵝ࡛㸪┦ᑐⓗ㸦khāṣṣan㸧ࡲࡓࡣᑐୡⓗ࡟㸦ʿāmman㸧⏕ࡌࡿࠝຠᯝࠞࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡿุỴ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ㹙Bulqīnī:1436/2015, 1/47 ; Ibn Ḥajar 1349-50/1930-31:2/197㹛ࠋ࠿࠿ࡿุỴ
ࡣ㸪⾜Ⅽ⬟ຊ⪅ࡀ࠶ࡿἲᚊ⾜Ⅽࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀドேࡢドゝࡲࡓࡣᮏேࡢᢎㄆ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
❧ドࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ㸪ࡺ࠼࡟ୖグձ࡜ղࡢࡳࢆᑟࡁฟࡍ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࠋ୧ุỴࡢࡑࡢ௚ࡢ┦㐪Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࣈ࣮ࣝ࢟ࢽ࣮ࡣ 6 ࡘࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ 4ࡘࡣࢫࣈ࣮࢟ࡢ㆟ㄽ࠿ࡽᑟࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ➨ 1 ࡟㸪᭷ຠุỴࡀ኎㈙ࡸ࣡ࢡࣇ➼ࡢ⾜Ⅽࡢຠຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ຠᯝุỴࡣᙜヱ⾜Ⅽࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ຠᯝࢆຠຊ࡜༊ูࡍࡿⅬ࡛㸪ᙼࡣࢫࣈ࣮࢟࡟ᚑࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨ 2 ࡟㸪᪤ุຊࡢேⓗ⠊ᅖࡢ┦㐪࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭷ຠุỴࡣᑐୡⓗ࡞ຠຊࢆࡶࡘࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ຠᯝุỴࡢ㸫㸫ຠ ຊ ࡣ ┦ ᑐ ⓗ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ᙜ ஦ ⪅ ࡢ ࡳ ࡟ ཬ ࡪ 㹙 Bulqīnī:1436/2015, 1/56 ; Ibn Ḥajar 134950/1930-31:2/199㹛ࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪஦ᚋࡇࡢἲᚊ⾜Ⅽࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡣఱேࡶࡇࢀࢆத࠼࡞࠸ࡢ࡟ᑐ
ࡋ㸪ຠᯝุỴࡣࡑࡢ㝈ࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㹙Ibn Farḥūn 1423/2003:1/91; Ṭarābursī 1300/1882-83:43㹛ࠋ➨ 3 ࡣ㸪ッゴୖࡢㄳồࡢ┦㐪࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⿕࿌࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᢎㄆࡲࡓࡣドேࡢドゝ࡟ࡼࡾ❧ドࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁఱࡽ࠿ࡢ⩏ົࢆ㈇ࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄳồࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡣ㸪᭷ຠุỴ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃຠᯝุỴ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᛂࡌ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ຠᯝ࡜ࡣࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ⩏ົ࡙ࡅ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ㸪മົࡢᨭᡶ࠸࿨௧ࡸ㸪≢⨥⾜Ⅽࡢຠᯝࡓࡿฮ⨩ࡢゝ࠸Ώࡋ࡜࡞ࡿ
㹙Bulqīnī:1436/2015, 1/60-61 ; Ibn Ḥajar 1349-50/1930-31:2/200㹛ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᚋฟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪⿕࿌࡟ཎ࿌ࡢጔࡸኵ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᆅ఩ࢆㄆࡵࡉࡏࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛㸪㌟ศ㛵ಀࡢᙧᡂ࣭☜ㄆࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࠋᑐࡋ࡚᭷ຠุỴ࡜ࡣἲᚊ⾜Ⅽࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡢ☜ㄆࡢㄳồ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᛂ⟅࡜࡞ ࡿࠋ➨ 4 ࡣ㸪❧ドせ௳ࡢ┦㐪࡛࠶ࡿࠋຠᯝุỴࡣ᭷ຠุỴࡢせ௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡉ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࣈ࣮ࣝ࢟ࢽ࣮ࡣຠᯝุỴࡀ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡢ័⾜࡜໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ
ࡢ㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮ὴࡢṇㄝ࡟ࡣ཯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆၥ㢟どࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣᅵᆅ➼ࡢඹྠ༨᭷
⪅ࡀᡤ᭷ᶒࡢ❧ド࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ศ๭ࢆㄳồࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ᙼࡽࡢᢎㄆ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ุ࡚Ỵࡋࡓ᪨ࢆグ㘓ࡋࡓୖ࡛ศ๭ࢆㄆࡵࡿᑡᩘㄝࡶ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫ♽ࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮㸦204/820 ἐ㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡣࡇࢀ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪࣡ࢡࣇタᐃᩥ᭩ࡸ኎㈙ዎ⣙᭩࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠕA ࡣᙜヱ࣡ࢡࣇ/┠ⓗ≀ࢆタᐃ/኎༷ࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⾜Ⅽࡢ⏕㉳㸦ṣudūr㸧ࡀ❧ドࡉࢀࡓ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡣຠᯝุỴࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪タᐃ⪅ࡀᐇࡣ↓ᶒ฼⪅ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡟㸪ᚋッ࡛ࡇࡢุỴࡀ㏣ㄆࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㹙Bulqīnī:1436/2015, 1/57-59 ; ʿIrāqī 1433/2012:443-44㹛ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࣈ࣮ࣝ࢟ࢽ࣮ࡣ㸪ຠᯝุỴࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ᭷ຠุỴ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟⾜Ⅽ⪅ࡀ⾜Ⅽࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛┠ⓗ≀ࢆᡤ᭷ࡋ࠿ࡘ༨᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᪨ࡀ᫂♧ⓗ࡟❧ドࡉࢀࡿᚲせࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࠕࡇࢀࡣ A ࡢ࣡ࢡࣇ/A ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚኎༷ࡉࢀࡓ≀/A ࡢ፧ጻ┦ᡭ࡜ࡉࢀࡓዪᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ
࡛ࡑࡢ⪅࡟ࡼࡾ⏕㉳ࡉࢀࡓ㹙⾜Ⅽࡢ┠ⓗࡓࡿ㹛஦≀ࡢドゝࢆࡶࡗ࡚㊊ࡾࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ
㹙Bulqīnī:1436/2015, 1/59㹛ࠋ࣐࣮ࣜࢡὴ௨እ࡛ࡣࡇࢀࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿㄽ⪅ࡶ࠸ࡿ㹙Ibn Ḥajar
H 1417/1997:2/200; Ibn Farḥūn 1423/2003:1/94-95; Ṭarābursī 1300/1882-83:46;Bahūtī
1403/1983:6/323㹛ࠋྠὴࡣ㸪Ꮫ♽࣐࣮ࣜࢡ࣭ࣈ࣭ࣥ࢔ࢼࢫ㸦179/795 ἐ㸧࡟ᖐࡏࡽࢀࡿୖ
グࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮࡜ྠ㊃᪨ࡢᏛㄝࢆࡶࡗ࡚㸪 ࠿࠿ࡿドゝࡢែᵝࢆ༊ูࡏࡎ㸪ཎ๎㏻ࡾ
ᡤ᭷ᶒ࡜༨᭷ࡢ❧ドࡀຠᯝุỴ࡟ࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥࣇ࢓ࣝࣇ࣮ࣥ࡟ࡼࢀ
ࡤ㸪ࢫࣈ࣮࢟ࡣࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ேࠎࡢᶒ฼ࡀ↓㥏࡟ኻࢃࢀࡿ㸦taʿṭīl al-ḥuqūq㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ྠὴ
ࢆᢈุࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺㹙Ibn Farḥūn 1423/2003:1/95; Ṭarābursī 1300/1882-83:47㹛ࠋࢫࣈ࣮࢟࡜ྠᵝ㸪ࣈ࣮ࣝ࢟ࢽ࣮ࡶἲゎ㔘ࡢ୍⯡ཎ๎࡟ᚑ࠸㸪ຠᯝุỴࡀ◚Რࡉࢀࡎ㸪Ꮫㄝᑐ❧ࢆᡶᣔࡍࡿ᪤ุຊࢆ⏕ࡌࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿ㹙Bulqīnī:1436/2015, 1/59㹛ࠋࡓࡔࡑࡢ㝿㸪ᙼࡣࢫࣈ࣮࢟ࡢࡼ࠺࡟୧⪅ࢆ ༊ูࡋࡓୖ࡛ྠ➼࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ㄽࡌࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡴࡋࢁ ຠᯝุỴࡀ᭷ຠุỴࢆໟྵࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡣᚋୡࡢᐃㄝ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⌮ㄽ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ຠᯝุỴࡣ୍ẁຎࡿ࡝ࡇࢁ࠿㸪᭷ຠᛶ࡜⩏ົ࡙ࡅ࡜ࢆྵࡴ᭱ࡶᙉຊ࡞ุỴ ࡜࡞ࡿ㹙Bulqīnī:1436/2015, 1/59 ; Ibn Ḥajar H 1417/1997:2/200㹛ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪୧ุỴࡢ㔜せ࡞┦㐪ࡣࡓࡔ 1 ࡘ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫㄝࡢᑐ❧ࡀ࠶ࡿ⾜Ⅽ࡟㛵ࡍࡿຠᯝุỴࡣࡇࡢᑐ❧ࢆᡶᣔࡍࡿ㸦᪤ุຊࢆ⏕ࡌࡿ㸧ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪༢࡟ࡇࡢ⾜Ⅽࢆ᭷ຠ࡜ࡍࡿุỴ࡛࠶㸫㸫ࢀࡤᚋッ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝุỴࢆጉࡆ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴ࡟
ࡼࢀࡤṚᅉያ㞔ゎᨺ㸦tadbīr. ᡤ᭷⪅ࡢṚஸ᫬࡟ゎᨺࡢຠᯝࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ㸧ࡢຠᯝࡣᡤ᭷⪅࡟ࡼࡿᑐ㇟ያ㞔ࡢฎศ⚗Ṇࢆྵࡴࡀ㸪ྠὴ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮࡟ࡼࡿṚᅉያ㞔ゎᨺࡢຠᯝุỴࡢᚋ࡟ያ㞔ࡀ኎༷ࡉࢀࡓሙྜ㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮ὴࡢᚋッ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡣ኎༷ࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡶ
ຠᯝࡶㄆࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪๓ッุỴࡀ༢࡞ࡿ᭷ຠุỴ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࡑࡢ㝈ࡾ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㹙Bulqīnī:1436/2015, 1/60; Ibn Ḥajar H 1417/1997:2/200; ʿIrāqī 1433/2012:453-54㹛ࠋ
㏫࡟㸪ࡇࢀ௨እ࡟୧ุỴࡢ┦㐪ࢆㄆࡵࡿᐇ┈ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋᘵᏊ࢖࣮࣮ࣛ࢟࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ຠᯝุỴࡀ᭷ຠุỴࢆໟྵࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡣ㸪 ࣈ࣮ࣝ࢟ࢽ࣮ࡀ᥼⏝ࡍࡿศ๭ㄳồ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮ࡢᏛㄝ࡟ࡼࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛ᡤ᭷ᶒࡢ❧ドࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣ㸪࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡢ⫋ᶒࢆ㐓⬺ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⚾ேࡢ㈈⏘ࡢฎศࡀ⚗ࡌࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡴࡋࢁ㸪᭷ຠᛶ࡜࠸࠺ࠕ࠶ࡽࡺࡿຠᯝࢆ⥲ྜࡍࡿࠝἲⓗࠞホ౯ࠖ㸦al-ḥukm al-jāmiʿli-jamīʿ al-āthār㸧㹙ʿIrāqī 1433/2012:446㹛ࡀ❧ドࡉࢀ࡞࠸⾜Ⅽ࠿ࡽἲⓗຠᯝࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡣࡎࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࡽࡇࡑ㸪ຠᯝࡀ᭷ຠᛶࢆໟྵ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡘࡲࡾຠᯝ࡜᭷ຠᛶࡣ୙ ྍศ ࡛࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ᙼ ࡟ ࡼࡿ ࡜㸪 ᖌࡣ ⮬ ㄝࢆ ᧔ ᅇࡋ 㸪ᙼ ࡢ ୺ ᙇ ࢆᐜ ࢀ ࡓ࡜ ࠸࠺ 㹙 ʿIrāqī
1433/2012:443-44, 455㹛ࠋ࢖࣮࣮ࣛ࢟࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ྠࡌ⌮⏤ ࡛㸪ຠᯝ࣭᭷ຠุỴࡢㄳồ࡟ࡼࡿ༊ูࡶᡂࡾ❧ࡓ࡞࠸ࠋࡘࡲࡾఱࡀㄳồࡉࢀࡼ࠺࡜㸪 㛵㐃஦ᐇࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡢ❧ドࡢୗ࡟ຠᯝุỴࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ㹙ʿIrāqī 1433/2012:454-55㹛ࠋࡲࡓ㸪࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥ࢔ࣝ㸻࢞ࣝࢫࡣ㸪୧ุỴࡢ༊ูࡀᐇ㝿ⓗ࡞ぢᆅ࠿ࡽࡶጇᙜ࡛࡞࠸࡜ࡍࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽୡࡢ୰ࡢ⣮தࡢṤ࡝ࡣᶒ฼⩏ົࡢᏑྰࢆத࠺ࡶࡢ࡛㸪ἲᚊ⾜Ⅽࡢຠຊࡣ๪ḟⓗ࡟தⅬ࡜࡞ࡿ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡺ࠼࡟᭷ຠุỴ࡜࠸࠺⊂❧ࡢ⠊␪ࢆ࠾ࡃព⩏ࡣஈࡋ࠸㹙Ibn Ghars 2018:63㹛ࠋࠕຠᯝࠖ⮬యࡣ㸪࢖࣮࣮ࣛ࢟ࡶࢫࣈ࣮࢟ࡸࣈ࣮ࣝ࢟ࢽ࣮࡜ྠᵝ࡟ ἲᚊ⾜Ⅽࡢຠᯝ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ἲᚊ⾜Ⅽࡣ㏻ᖖ㸪」ᩘࡢຠᯝࢆ⏕ࡌࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡀࠕຠᯝ࡛ࠖ࠶
ࡿ࠿ࡢ≉ᐃ㸪ࡦ࠸࡚ࡣ᪤ุຊࡢᐈయⓗ⠊ᅖࡢ☜ᐃࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪ࠕຠᯝࠖࡢࡼࡾᢏ
⾡ⓗ࡞ᐃ⩏ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࢖࣮࣮ࣛ࢟ࡣࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ꮫㄝᑐ❧ࡢ࡞࠸ἲⓗຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣุỴ୙せ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮫㄝᑐ❧ࡢ࠶ࡿຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕุỴࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡍ࡛࡟ ᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀ᪤ุຊࢆ⏕ࡌࡿࠖ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡀṚᅉゎᨺࡢຠᯝุỴࢆ⾜ࡗࡓሙྜ㸪 ࡑࡢᚋࡢᡤ᭷⪅࡟ࡼࡿᑐ㇟ያ㞔ࡢ኎༷ࡀதࢃࢀࡓ࡜ࡁ㸪ྠὴࡢᚋッ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡣࡇࢀࢆุỴ࡛⚗ࡎࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪⏨ᛶࡀ፧ጻ㛵ಀ࡟࡞࠸ዪᛶ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪⮬ศࡀᙼዪ࡜፧ጻࡍࢀࡤྠ᫬࡟㞳፧ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ᪨ࢆㄋゝࡋࡓሙྜ㸪࠿࠿ࡿᙧᘧࡢ㞳፧ࢆㄆࡵࡿࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴࡸ ࣐࣮ࣜࢡὴࡢ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮࡟ࡼࡿࡑࡢ
ຠᯝุỴࡢᚋ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟୧⪅ࡀ፧ጻࡋ㸪த࠸࡜࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ㸪࠿࠿ࡿ㞳፧ࢆㄆࡵ࡞࠸ࢩ࣮ࣕ
ࣇ࢕࢖࣮ὴ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡣ㸪፧ጻ㛵ಀࡢ⥅⥆ࢆุỴ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪๓ッ࡛ࡣ፧ጻࡦ࠸
࡚ࡣࡑࡢゎᾘࡀᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ุỴ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡼ࠺ࡀ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㹙ʿIrāqī
1433/2012:448-49㹛ࠋࡇࡢ⾲⌧ࡣࡲࡔ⢒๐ࡾࡔࡀ㸪ḟ⠇ࡢᒎ㛤ࡢᕸ▼࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
3.3 ࢖ ࣈ࣭ࣥࢡࢺ࣮ࢗࣝࣈ࣮࢞
ࡑࡢᚋࡶࠕຠᯝࠖࡢព࿡ࡢㄗゎࡀ᏶඲࡟ᡶᣔࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴࡢ࢖
ࣈ࣭ࣥࢡࢺ࣮ࢗࣝࣈ࣮࢞ࡢㄽ✏ࡢࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ஦᱌ࡀ≀ㄒࡿࠋA ࡀമົࡢᢸಖࡢ
ࡓࡵ⮬ᕫࡢ୙ື⏘ࢆ㉁ධࢀࡋ㸪ࣁࣥࣂࣝὴ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮B ࡟ࡼࡾ A ࡢ㉁ᶒタᐃዎ⣙ࡢຠ㸫㸫ᯝุỴࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪A ࡣ㉁≀ࡓࡿ୙ື⏘࡟࣡ࢡࣇࢆタᐃࡋ㸪ࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴ ࣮࢝
ࢹ࢕࣮C ࡀࡑࡢຠᯝุỴࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪A ࡣമົࢆᘚ῭ࡋ࡚୙ື⏘ࢆㄳᡠࡍ࡜㸪ࡇࢀࢆ኎༷ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮B ࡣ㸪㉁ᶒタᐃ⪅࡟ࡼࡿ㉁≀ࡢฎศࡣࣁࣥࣂࣝ
ὴࡢᏛㄝ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ↓ຠ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢຠᯝุỴ࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪A ࡢ࣡ࢡࣇタᐃࡣ↓ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ㸪ᙜヱ≀௳ࡢ኎༷ࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ᪨ࢆุỴࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ
ࡓ㹙Ibn Quṭlūbghā 1403-04/1983:69-70㹛ࠋࡘࡲࡾࡇࡢ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡣ㸪⮬ࡽࡢຠᯝุỴ࡟࠸࠺ࠕຠᯝࠖࡣ㸪㉁≀ࡢฎศ⚗Ṇࢆྵࡵ࡚㸪ࣁࣥࣂࣝὴࡀ㉁ᶒタᐃዎ⣙࡟ㄆࡵࡿἲⓗຠᯝࡢ඲࡚ࢆᣦࡍ㸪ࡘࡲࡾࡣࡇࢀࡽ඲࡚࡟ࡑࡢ᪤ุຊࡀཬࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥࢡࢺ࣮ࢗࣝࣈ࣮࢞ ࡣ㸪ᜍࡽࡃᅄἲᏛὴࡢ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡢ௦⾲⪅ࡓࡕ࠿ࡽࡇࡢ
௳࡟ࡘ࠸࡚↷఍ࡉࢀ㸪ࠕ㉁≀࡬ࡢ࣡ࢡࣇタᐃࡣ᭷ຠ࡛㸪ࡺ࠼࡟࣡ࢡࣇ≀௳ ࡓࡿᙜヱ୙ື⏘ࡢ኎༷ࡣ↓ຠ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮B ࡣᙜヱ࣡ࢡࣇタᐃࢆ↓ຠ࡜ᐉゝ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪࠿࠿ࡿุỴࡣ↓どࡉࢀࡿࠖ᪨ࡢࣇ࢓ࢺ࣮࣡ࢆⓎ⾜ࡋࡓࠋᚋ᪥㸪ࡇࡢ௳࡟㛵ࡍࡿ௦⾲⪅ࡓࡕࡢᑂ㆟఍࡛ࡇࡢࣇ࢓ࢺ࣮࣡ࡀ㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡓ㝿㸪ᙼࡣຠᯝࡢព࿡࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮B ࡢ୺ᙇ
ࡀࡇࡢⅬ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࣁࣥࣂࣝὴࡢᏛㄝ࡟ࡶ୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸࡜ ㏙࡭ࡓࠋࡑࡢ᰿ᣐࡣྠὴ኱࣮࢝
ࢹ࢕࣮ࡢ࣒ࣄࢵࣈ࣭࢔ࢵ㸻ࢹ࢕࣮࣭ࣥ࢔ࣇ࣐ࢻ࣭ࣈ࣭ࣥࢼࢫࣝࢵ࣮࣭ࣛ࢔ࣝ㸻ࣂࢢࢲ࣮ࢹ࢕࣮㸦844/1440-41 ἐ㸧ࡀⴭࡋࡓຠᯝุỴ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⌧Ꮡࡋ࡞࠸ᑓㄽࡢḟࡢ୍⠇࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕຠᯝุỴ࡜ࡣ㸪ேド➼࡟ࡼࡾ❧ドࡉࢀࡓッ࠼ࡢຠᯝ㸦mūjab al-daʿwā㸧ࡢุỴࢆᣦࡍࠋ͆ຠᯝ͇ࡢព࿡ࡣࡇࢀ࡟ᑾࡁࡿࠋッ࠼ ࡀࡑࡢᑐ㇟ࡓࡿዎ⣙ࡢ᭷ຠᛶࢆᑟࡃせ⣲ࢆྵࡴሙྜ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝุỴࡣࠝྠ᫬࡟ࠞ᭷ຠุỴ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ッ࠼ࡢᑐ㇟ࡓࡿዎ⣙ࡢ᭷ຠᛶࢆᑟࡃせ⣲ࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣዎ⣙ࡢ᭷ຠุỴ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋຠᯝุỴࡣ㸪ዎ⣙⪅࡟ዎ⣙࠿ࡽ⏕ࡌࡓ⩏ົࠝࢆ㈇ࢃࡏࡿุࠞỴ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ዎ⣙ࠝ⮬యࢆㄆࡵࡿุࠞỴ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ
㹙 Ibn Quṭlūbghā
1403-04/1983:70-71;Ibn Nujaym 1413/1993:342㹛ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠕッ࠼㸦daʿwā㸧ࠖ࡜ࡣ㸪࿌ッࡸᢠᘚࡶྵࡵ࡚㸪୍᪉ᙜ஦⪅ࡀ⮬ᕫ࡟᭷฼࡞஦ᐇ
ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ࠕ୺ᙇࠖࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡍࠋୖグࡢᐃ⩏࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪⿕࿌࡟⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ
࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡢࠕຠᯝࠖࡣ㸪ᐇయἲୖࡢຠᯝࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪ேドࡲࡓࡣᢎㄆ➼࡟ࡼࡗ࡚❧ドࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ཎ ࿌ ࡢ ୺ ᙇ ࠿ ࡽ ᑟ ࠿ ࢀ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ 㹙 Ḥujawī n.d.:385; Bahūtī
1403/1983:6/323㹛ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ཎ࿌ࡢ୺ᙇ࡟ዎ⣙➼ࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡢ❧ドࢆせࡍࡿ஦ᐇࡀྵࡲ
ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ❧ドࡉࢀࢀࡤ㸪ຠᯝุỴࡀ᭷ຠุỴࢆໟྵࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪᭷ຠࡑࡢ௚ࡢἲⓗホ౯⮬యࡣࠕຠᯝ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞࠸㹙Ibn Quṭlūbghā 1403-04/1983:102-3;Ibn
Nujaym 1413/1993:404㹛ࠋ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥࢡࢺ࣮ࢗࣝࣈ࣮࢞࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ຠᯝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࣂࢢࢲ࣮ࢹ࢕࣮ࡢᡤㄽࡣ㸪࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡀ⮬ࡽ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡓᑂุࡢᑐ㇟௨እ࡟ࡘ࠸ุ࡚᩿࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡢ᫂ド࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢝
࣮ࢹ࢕࣮B ࡀࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡍࢀࡤ㸪B ࡢຠᯝุỴࡣேド࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᙜヱ㉁ᶒタᐃዎ⣙ࡢ᭷ຠᛶࢆㄆࡵࡿุỴ࠿㸪A ࡟ࡼࡿ㉁ᶒタᐃࡢᢎㄆࡲࡓࡣ A ࡢമᶒ⪅࡟ࡼࡿ㉁≀ࡢཷ㡿ࡢᢎㄆࡢຠᯝࢆㄆࡵࡿุỴࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋB ࡀ▱ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡍࢀ
ࡤ㸪B ࡢุỴෆᐜࡣᮏேࡍࡽ▱ࡾᚓ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㹙Ibn Quṭlūbghā 1403-04/1983:71-72㹛ࠋᚋッࡢ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮C ࡀ㉁≀࡬ࡢ࣡ࢡࣇタᐃࢆㄆࡵࡿࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴࡢ㏻ㄝ࡟ᚑࡗࡓ࡜ࡍ
ࢀࡤ㸪C ࡢຠᯝุỴ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙜヱ࣡ࢡࣇࡣᣊ᮰ຊࢆ⏕ࡌ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ◚Რࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ

㸫㸫࡞࠸㹙Ibn Quṭlūbghā 1403-04/1983:72-73㹛ࠋࡘࡲࡾᙜヱ୙ື⏘ࡀ࣡ࢡࣇ࡛࠶ࡿⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᪤ุຊࡀ⏕ࡌ㸪ࡑࡢ኎༷ࡣጉࡆࡽࢀࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕຠᯝࠖࢆ❧ドࡉࢀࡓッ࠼ࡢຠᯝ࡜ࡍࡿᐃ⩏ࡢᐇ┈ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠕຠᯝࠖࡀᑂุ
ࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸௚ࡢἲⓗຠᯝ࠿ࡽ༊ูࡉࢀ㸪≉ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡦ࠸࡚ࡣッゴ≀࡜᪤ุຊࡢ⠊ᅖࡀࡼࡾ᫂☜࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥࢡࢺ࣮ࢗࣝࣈ
࣮࢞ࡣࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴᐇᐃἲᏛࡢ㔜せ࡞ᇶᮏ᭩ࡢ 1 ࡘࢆⴭࡋࡓࢧࣛࣇࢫ࢕࣮㸦490/109697 ἐ㸧࠿ࡽఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸪ࠕุỴࡣ஦௳࡟ጞࡲࡿࠖ㸦al-ḥukm yaṣīr ḥādithatan㸧࡜࠸࠺ἲㅗ
ࢆఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣἲゎ㔘ᑐ㇟஦㡯࡟㛵ࡍࡿุỴࡢࠕᇳ⾜ຊࠖࡘࡲࡾ᪤ุຊࡢせ௳࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ุỴࡣ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡢἲᘐ࡟࠾࠸ ࡚ཎ࿌࠿ࡽ⿕࿌࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᥦ㉳ࡉࢀࡓ᭷ຠ࡞ッゴ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡍࠋ
࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥࢡࢺ࣮ࢗࣝࣈ࣮࢞ ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࡇࡢせ௳ࢆḞࡃุỴࡀ᪤ุຊࢆ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸Ⅼ ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᏛㄝⓗྜពࡀᡂ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼࡣྖἲࡢᐇែࡀࡇࡢྜព࡟཯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
♧၀ࡋࡘࡘ㸪
ࠕ஦௳ࠖ࡜ࡣࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⌧࡟ࡲࡔ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ㝖እࡍࡿ㊃᪨࡛࠶ࡿ࡜
ࡍࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪୙ື⏘ࡢ኎㈙ዎ⣙࡟㛵ࡍࡿத࠸࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡀᙜ
ヱዎ⣙࡟ࡘࡁຠᯝุỴࢆ⾜ࡗࡓሙྜ㸪ࡇࡢุỴࡣ୙ື⏘ࡢ㞄ᆅࡢᡤ᭷ᶒ⪅࡟ඛ㈙ᶒ
㸦shufʿa. ኎༷୙ື⏘ࡢඹ᭷⪅㸪࠾ࡼࡧྠὴ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㞄ᆅᡤ᭷⪅ࡀ௦㔠࡜ྠ㢠ࡢᨭᡶ࠸
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㈙୺࡟௦఩ࡋ㸪୙ື⏘ࢆඃඛྲྀᚓ࡛ࡁࡿᶒ฼ 㸧ࢆㄆࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸦ࡘࡲࡾࡇ ࡢ Ⅼ ࡛ ᪤ ุ ຊ ࢆ ⏕ ࡌ ࡞ ࠸ 㸧ࠋ ඛ ㈙ ᶒ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ த ゴ ࡣ ㉳ ࡁ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ ࠿ ࡽ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㹙 Ibn
Quṭlūbghā 1403-04/1983:105㹛ࠋ㏫࡟࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡀࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮ὴ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝุỴࡣ㞄ᆅᡤ᭷ᶒ⪅ࡀඛ㈙ᶒࢆ᭷ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆྵࡲࡎ㸪 ࡺ࠼࡟㞄ᆅᡤ᭷ᶒ⪅ࡀࣁࢼࣇ࢕ ࣮ ὴ ࢝ ࣮ ࢹ ࢕ ࣮ ࡢ ἲ ᘐ ࡛ ඛ ㈙ ᶒ ࡢ ッ ࠼ ࢆ ᥦ ㉳ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ጉ ࡆ ࡞ ࠸ 㹙 Ibn Nujaym
1413/1993:402; Ibn ʿĀbidīn 1412/1992:397㹛ࠋ
3.4 ࢖ ࣈ࣭ࣥ࢔ࣝ㸻࢞ࣝࢫࠕຠᯝࠖࢆ❧ドࡉࢀࡓ୺ᙇࡢຠᯝ࡜ࡍࡿ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥࢡࢺ࣮ࢗࣝࣈ࣮࢞ࡢᐃ⩏ࡣ ᫂☜࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠕຠᯝࠖࡀᮏ᮶ࡢཎᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ⾜Ⅽ࠿ࡽษࡾ㞳ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺
㞴Ⅼࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥ࢔ࣝ㸻࢞ࣝࢫࡣࡇࡢ㞴Ⅼࢆ࠿ࢃࡋࡘࡘ㸪ッゴࡢ┠ⓗ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠕຠᯝࠖࢆ≉ᐃྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿᐃ⩏ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕຠᯝ࡜ࡣࠕ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡀᑂุᑐ㇟
࡜ࡋ࡚㸦ᙜヱ⾜Ⅽ㸧࡜ࡢἲⓗ࡞㛵㐃ᛶࢆ᥎㔞ࡍࡿ஦㡯࡟㛵ࡍࡿつ⠊ ࠖ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ
኎㈙ዎ⣙ࡢ✀ࠎࡢἲⓗຠᯝࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪தࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ஦ᐇ࠿ࡽ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡀᙜヱዎ⣙࡜㛵㐃࡙ࡅ㸪ᑂุࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ពᅗࡍࡿࡶࡢ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪⌧࡟தࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ඛ㈙ᶒࡢᏑྰ࡞
࡝ࡣᙜ↛࡟㝖እࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㹙Ibn Ghars 2018:60㹛ࠋຠᯝุỴࡢࡇࡢᐃ⩏ࡣ㸪࢜ࢫ࣐ ࣥ ᖇ ᅜ ᮇ ࡢ ࣁ ࢼ ࣇ ࢕ ࣮ ὴ ࡢ ᶒ ጾ ࠶ ࡿ ἲ Ꮫ ᭩ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᥇ ⏝ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㹙 Ibn ʿĀbidīn
1412/1992:5/399㹛ࠋࡇࡢᐃ⩏ࡢ฼Ⅼࡣ㸪ࠕຠᯝࠖࡀㄳồ࡟┤᥋㛵ࢃࡿ஦㡯ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀ࡜ᚲ↛ⓗ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ஦㡯ࢆྵࡴࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂☜࡟♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥ࢔ࣝ㸻࢞ࣝࢫ ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࡺ࠼࡟ࠕຠᯝࠖࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ༢୍࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᅉᯝ㛵ಀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚」ᩘࡀ ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪മᶒ⪅ࡀಖドே࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ಖドമົࡢㄳồッゴࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡀ㸪ಖドேࡀಖドዎ⣙ࢆྰㄆࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ಖドമົࡣ⿕ಖドമົࡢᏑᅾ࡜୙ྍศ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡺ࠼࡟മᶒ
⪅ࡀ཮᪉ࡢᏑᅾࢆ❧ドࡋ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚ಖドዎ⣙ࡢຠᯝุỴࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ㝿ࡢࠕຠᯝࠖࡣ

㸫㸫ㄳ ồ ࡟ ᛂ ࡌ ࡓ ಖ ド ே ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ᘚ ῭ ⩏ ົ ࡜ ඹ ࡟ ୺ മ ົ ⪅ ࡢ ᘚ ῭ ⩏ ົ ࢆ ྵ ࡴ 㹙 Ibn Ghars
2018:65;

Ibn

Nujaym1413/1993:6/279;

Ibn

Nujaym1413/1993:411;

Ibn

ʿĀbidīn

1412/1992:5/398㹛ࠋ
㏫࡟」ᩘࡢἲⓗຠᯝ㛫࡟ᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡀᡂ❧ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪A ࡢ⮬Ꮚ B ࡟
ᑐࡍࡿ㉗୚ዎ⣙࡟ࡘࡁ㸪ࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮ὴ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮C ࡀຠᯝุỴࢆ⾜࠸㸪┠ⓗ≀ࡢᘬΏ࠿ࡽ㛗ᮇ㛫⤒㐣ࡋࡓᚋ㸪A ࡀࡇࢀࢆ᧔ᅇࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋᜍࡽࡃࡣ B ࡀ㸪㉗୚ࡢ
᧔ᅇࢆㄆࡵ࡞࠸ࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴࡢ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮D ࡟ᥦッࡋ㸪D ࡣ๓ッุỴࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪㉗୚ࡢ᧔ᅇ↓ຠࢆุỴࡋࡓ㹙Ibn Ghars 2018:66-67㹛ࠋࡇࡢሙྜ㸪ࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ
㉗୚⪅࡟᧔ᅇᶒࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡀッ࠼࡛୺ᙇࡉࢀࡿࠕຠᯝ࡛ࠖ࠶ࢀࡤ↓ຠ࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
㉗୚ࡢ᧔ᅇᶒࡣࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮ὴ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㉗୚ዎ⣙ࡢຠᯝ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿࡀ㸪 ๓ッ࡛ᡤ᭷ᶒ⛣㌿ࡢ᭷↓ࡢࡳࡀதࢃࢀࡓࡢ࡞ࡽ㸪࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮C ࡢຠᯝุỴࡢෆᐜࡣࡇࢀ࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀ㸪᧔ᅇᶒࡢᏑᅾ࡟ࡣཬࡤ࡞࠸ࠋࡺ࠼࡟᧔ᅇࡀதࢃࢀࡓᚋッ࡟࠾࠸࡚࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮D ࡀࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽࡇࢀࢆ↓ຠ࡜ࡍࡿࡢࡣጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠿ࡾ࡟๓ッ࡜ᚋッࡢ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡢᏛὴࡀ㏫࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡞ࡽ㸪ࣁࢼࣇ࢕࣮ὴ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮࡟ࡼࡿ ㉗୚ዎ⣙ࡢຠᯝุỴࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ᚋッ࡛ࢩ࣮ࣕࣇ࢕࢖࣮ὴ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡣ ᧔ᅇࢆ᭷ຠ࡜ุỴ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡜ྠࡌ
࡛࠶ࡿ㹙Ibn Ghars 2018:68; Ibn Nujaym 1413/1993:420; Ibn ʿĀbidīn 1412/1992:5/399㹛ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥ࢔ࣝ㸻࢞ࣝࢫࡶࡲࡓ㸪࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡣࡓ࡜࠼ㄳồ࡜㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ
୧ᙜ஦⪅ࡀ⣮தࡢゎỴࢆồࡵ ࡿ஦㡯௨እ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᙜヱ஦㡯࡜୙ྍศ࡛࡞࠸㝈ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ⩏ົࡶ࡞࠸ࡢ࡟ุ᩿ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ㄝࡃࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ཎ࿌࣭⿕࿌㛫ࡢッゴࡢᏑᅾࡀุỴࡢせ௳࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣ㸪ே㛫ࡢᶒ฼㸦ḥuqūq al-ʿibād㸧࡟᭹ࡍࡿ஦㡯ࡀᑂุࡢ ᑐ ㇟ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ሙ ྜ ࡢ ࡳ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㹙 Ibn Ghars 2018:68-69; Ibn Nujaym 1413/1993:413; Ibn
ʿĀbidīn 1412/1992:5/399㹛ࠋே㛫ࡢᶒ฼࡜ࡣ㸪௵ពἲつ㸦ᙜ஦⪅ࡢពᛮ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐺⏝ࢆ᤼㝖࡛ࡁࡿἲつ㸧࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᙉ⾜ἲつ㸦ฮ⨩つᐃࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᙜ஦⪅ࡢពᛮ࡟࠿
࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿἲつ㸧࡟࠶ࡓࡿ⚄ࡢᶒ฼㸦ḥuqūq Allāh㸧࡟ᑐ⨨ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㏆௦⚾ἲࡢከࡃࡣ௵ពつᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪౛࠼ࡤබᗎⰋ಑㐪཯ࡢዎ⣙ࢆ↓ຠ࡜ࡍࡿつᐃࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙉ⾜つᐃࡶྵࡳ㸪ྠࡌࡇ࡜ࡣ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲ࡟ࡶ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠋ ୧⪅ࡣッゴᡭ⥆ࡢୖ࡛༊ู ࡉࢀ㸪⣧↛ࡓࡿ⚄ࡢᶒ฼࡟᭹ࡍࡿ஦㡯ࡣ≉ᐃே࡟ࡼࡿㄳồࢆせࡉࡎ㸪ཎ࿌ࡣࠕἲࠖ
㸦sharʿ㸧࡜ほᛕࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸦౛࠼ࡤጮ㏻⨥ࡢ⿕␲⪅ࡣබッ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ッ㏣ࡉࢀࡿ㸧㸪ே㛫ࡢᶒ฼࡟᭹ࡍࡿ஦㡯ࡣ㸪ᙜ஦⪅ࡢ୍᪉ࡀཎ࿌࡜ࡋ࡚௚᪉࡟ᑐࡍࡿッ࠼ࢆᥦ㉳ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞
ࡽ࡞࠸㹙ᇼ஭ 2021:3-9; Ibn Ghars 2018:77㹛ࠋ࢜ࢫ࣐ࣥᖇᅜᮇ࡟ࡣຠᯝุỴࡣ☜❧ࡋࡓ័⾜࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㹙Ibn ʿĀbidīn 1412/1992:5/397㹛ࠋ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥࢾࢪࣕ࢖࣒ࡣࠕッ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤุỴ࡞ࡋࠖ㸦lā qaḍāʾa bi-dūni al-daʿwā㸧㹙Ibn Nujaym
1413/1993:7/249㹛ࢆᙉㄪࡋ㸪ࡇࡢཎ๎࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᏛㄝⓗྜពࡢᩘࠎࡢ඾ᣐࢆᣲࡆࡿ㹙Ibn
Nujaym 1413/1993:398-401; idem 1413/1993:7/10㹛ࠋᙼࡀࡇࡢཎ๎࡟཯ࡍࡿࠕッ࠼ࡀඛ⾜ࡋ࡞࠸ุỴࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄽ✏ࡢ୰࡛ຠᯝุỴࢆㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥ࢔࣮ࣅࢹ࢕
࣮ࣥࡣ୍᪉ᙜ஦⪅࡟ࡼࡿ⌧Ꮡࡍࡿ཯ᑐᙜ஦⪅࡬ࡢッ࠼ࢆุỴࡢ᭷ຠせ௳࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㛵㐃ㄽⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ຠᯝุỴࢆ఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙Ibn ʿĀbidīn 1412/1992:5/397㹛ࠋ㸫㸫⤖ㄽຠᯝุỴࡣ㸪ᶒ฼ࡢ❧ド࡟୙ഛࡀ࠶ࡿཎ࿌ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⦆࿴ⓗ࡞ᩆ῭ᥐ⨨࡜ࡋ࡚ ᑟධࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞୙ഛࡢ࡞࠸ሙྜࡢ᭷ຠุỴ࡜ᑐ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࠋࢫࣥࢼὴᅄἲᏛὴࡀᣕᢠࡋ
ࡓ࣐࣒࣮ࣝࢡᮅᮇ࡟ࡣ㸪௚Ꮫὴࡢ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮࡟ࡼࡿ ຠᯝุỴࡢᶒጾࢆྰㄆࡍࡿ஦౛ࡀ
ከⓎࡋ㸪Ꮫὴ㛫࡛ࡑࡢ᪤ุຊࡀதࢃࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟㸪ࡇࡢุỴᡭἲࢆ᧦ㆤࡍࡿ୍㐃ࡢᑓㄽࡀⴭࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞ඛ㥑⪅࡜ࡉࢀࡿࢱ࣮࣭࢟࢔ࢵ㸻ࢹ࢕࣮࣭ࣥࢫࣈ࣮࢟
ࡣ㸪ἲゎ㔘ࡢ୍⯡ཎ๎࠾ࡼࡧἲⓗᏳᐃᛶࡢ☜ಖࡸྖἲ័⾜ࢆ᰿ᣐ࡟㸪ຠᯝุỴࡣ᭷ຠุỴ࡜ྠᵝ࡟◚Რࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡜ㄽࡌࡓࠋᙼࡢ㆟ㄽࢆయ⣔໬ࡋࡓ ᘵᏊࣈ࣮ࣝ࢟ࢽ࣮ࡣ㸪ຠᯝุỴࡀ᭷ຠุỴࢆໟྵࡍ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚⌮ㄽ໬ࡋ 㸪ࡲࡓᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞⌮⏤࠿ࡽࡶ୧ุỴࡢ┦㐪ࡣ┦ᑐ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢᘵᏊ࢖࣮࣮ࣛ࢟ࡣ㸪ຠᯝุỴ࡟࠸࠺ࠕຠᯝࠖࢆ⾜Ⅽ
ࡢἲⓗຠᯝ࡜ࡍࡿࢫࣈ࣮࢟ࡸࣈ࣮ࣝ࢟ࢽ࣮ࡢ ❧ሙ࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࢆᐇయἲࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃᡭ⥆ἲⓗ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽỴᐃࡍࡿ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥࢡࢺ࣮ࢗࣝࣈ࣮࢞ࡸ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥ࢔ࣝ㸻࢞ࣝࢫࡢ ❧ሙ࡬ࡢᶫΏࡋⓗ࡞ぢゎࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥࢡࢺ࣮ࢗࣝࣈ࣮࢞ࡣ❧ドࡉࢀࡓ୺ᙇࡢຠᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪࢖ࣈ࣭ࣥ࢔ࣝ㸻࢞ࣝࢫࡣ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࣮ࡀᑂุᑐ㇟࡜㛵㐃࡙ࡅࡿつ⠊࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࠕຠᯝࠖࡢᢏ
⾡ⓗᐃ⩏ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ୧⪅ࡣ࢜ࢫ࣐ࣥᖇᅜᮇࡢ㆟ㄽ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼㸪ຠᯝุỴࡣࠕッ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤุỴ࡞ࡋࠖࡢཎ๎ࡢ୍⎔࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
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ᮎᕝ༤㸦⦅㸧㸦1971㸧㸪ࠗ඲ゞἲᏛ㎡඾࠘᪥ᮏホㄽ♫㸬ᇼ஭⪽Ụ㸦2004㸧㸪ࠗ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲ㏻ྐ࠘ᒣᕝฟ∧♫㸬㸫㸫ྠ㸦2021㸧㸪➨ 1 ❶ ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛἲᏛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ⚄ࡢᶒ฼ࠖ࡜ࠕே㛫ࡢᶒ฼ࠖࡢᴫᛕࡢ෌⪃̿⚾ἲࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿ ࠖᑠ㔝ோ⨾࣭⣽㇂ᖾᏊ࣭ᇼ஭⪽Ụ࣭᳃⏣㇏Ꮚࠗ SIAS Working Paper
Series 33 ୰ᮾ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛᅪ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ♫఍ⓗᙅ⪅ࡢᶒ฼ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࠘ୖᬛ኱Ꮫ࢖ࢫ࣮࣒ࣛ
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