International Commission on Radiological Protection2017 Annual Reportwww.icrp.org
www.icrpaedia.org

ICRP 2017 Annual Report
ICRP Reference Number 4837-0697-2273
September 7th, 2018
© 2017 ICRP
Contact
Christopher Clement, ICRP Scientific Secretary and
Editor-in-Chief of the Annals of the ICRPInternational Commission on Radiological Protection PO
Box 1046, Station B
280 Slater Street
Ottawa, Ontario
K1P 5S9CANADA(tel) +1 (613) 947-9750(fax) +1 (613) 944-1920
sci.sec@icrp.org
www.icrp.org
UK Charity Number 1166304

Chair’s Foreword
2017 was a year of significant importance for theInternational Commission on RadiologicalProtection. We elected new Main Commission andCommittee members and hosted our 4th
International Symposium on the System ofRadiological Protection, which is where I
announced our 90th Anniversary drive to ‘Free theAnnals’.
In May of 2017, the Main Commission met in Lima,
Peru to review and elect the nominees put forth byrespected radiological protection professionals
from around the world. We elected six new
members of the Main Commission, and 29 experts
from the global community as new members of
our now four Committees. Former members ofCommittee 5 are now working in Committees 1 to
4 in order to proceed with integration ofprotection of people and the environment into thesingle System of Radiological Protection.
In October, we welcomed over 500 delegates to
the 4th International Symposium on the System ofRadiological Protection hosted near Paris by the
French Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté
Nucléaire (IRSN), held in conjunction with the 2nd
European Radiological Protection Research Week.
The programme was world-class, with topics
ranging from radiological protection in medicine
and the environment, to post-accident recovery
and dosimetry.

We are making good progress, and I invite you toread more on this later in this report. Thisendeavour will further promote and improveradiological protection practices around theworld, and we are looking for contributingorganisations, agencies, and governments to
support this initiative.
While working to fund our 90th Anniversary drive,
we have not forgotten that ICRP exists for the
public benefit. Our Committees and Task Groups
will continue to address relevant issues in 2018,
strengthening our commitment to continuallydevelop and advance the System of RadiologicalProtection.
As we look towards our 90th year in 2018, it iseasy to reflect on the accomplishments andsuccesses this important organisation has
achieved over the years. There is still hard work
to be done and, as Chair, I am honoured to lead
ICRP into its next chapter.

During the opening ceremonies of ICRP-ERPW
2017, I announced our intention to ‘Free theAnnals’ as the next step in broadening the reach of
our recommendations, ensuring that any
professional, organisation, or member of the
public can access them at no charge. To achievethis, we are looking to raise € 500 000 by the endof 2018.

Claire Cousins, ICRP Chair

The International Commission on
Radiological Protection
ICRP develops the System of RadiologicalProtection for the public benefit. The System takes
account of the latest scientific knowledge, ethicalvalues, and practical experience. It is the basis ofstandards, legislation, guidance, programmes, andpractice worldwide.
The objective of the System is to contribute toan appropriate level of protection for people andthe environment against the harmful effects ofradiation exposure without unduly limiting theindividual or societal benefits of activities involving
radiation.
Originally established at the Second International
Congress of Radiology in 1928 as the International
X-ray and Radium Protection Committee,
today ICRP is an independent international
charity registered in the UK, relying on financial
contributions and support from governments,
industry, agencies, and foundations from aroundthe world.

ICRP consists of the Main Commission, the
Scientific Secretariat, four standing Committees,
and Task Groups established as needed toundertake specific work. Members come fromover 30 countries and all disciplines relevant toradiological protection. They are invited to join
ICRP as independent experts on a volunteer basis
for four-year terms. Representatives oforganisations in formal relations with ICRP are
regularly invited to both advise the Main
Commission and to participate in meetings of theCommittees. Individuals from theseorganisations may be invited to be members of
Task Groups or to review drafts
of work in progress, where their expertise isparticularly relevant.

This structure supports a rigorous system of peer review. The work of Task Groups is reviewed by therelevant Committee(s), and then reviewed and approved by the Main Commission. During development,
most reports are circulated to a number of organisations and individual experts for critical review, andposted for public consultation through the ICRP website.

4The System of Radiological Protection
The ICRP System of Radiological Protection isbased on the latest science, social and ethicalvalues, and nearly a century of experience.
ICRP recommendations are used world-wide
by intergovernmental and non-governmental
advisory and standard setting agencies;
government health and other regulatory
authorities; educational, scientific, andhealthcare institutes; operators; individual
professionals; and others with an interest inradiological protection.

The International Basic Safety Standards forProtection against Ionizing Radiation and for the
Safety of Radiation Sources is based heavily on
ICRP recommendations, as are the similar
European Basic Safety Standards. The International
Labour Organisation Convention 115, Radiation
Protection Convention, General Observation 1992,
refers specifically to the recommendations of ICRP.

SCIENCESYSTEM OF
RADIOLOGICALPROTECTION
EXPERIENCEVALUES

The ICRP System of Radiological Protection forms the basis of radiological protection standards,
regulations, programmes and practice world-wide.

5

Main Commission
The Main Commission consists of the Chair and up to twelve other members. The Main Commission is
the governing body, setting the policy and programme of work, and approving all official publications.

Back Row (L-R): Senlin Liu (China), Christopher Clement (Scientific Secretary*, Canada), John Harrison (C2 Chair,
United Kingdom), Carl-Magnus Larsson (Australia), Sergey Romanov (Russia), Simon Bouffler (United Kingdom).
Front Row (L-R): Dominique Laurier (France), Michiaki Kai (Japan), Werner Rühm (C1 Chair, Germany), Jacques
Lochard (Vice-Chair, France), Claire Cousins (Chair, United Kingdom), Kunwoo Cho (South Korea), KimberlyApplegate (C3 Chair, USA), Donald Cool (C4 Chair, USA).

Formally, the ‘Main Commission’ is ICRP, providing
overall direction and oversight to the larger
organisation. The members are also the trustees
of ICRP as a registered charity.
The Main Commission sets the programme ofwork, and approves all publications. On January
1, 2017, ICRP began operating as a Charitable
Incorporated Organisation, a modern and robust
legal structure, while remaining a Charity
registered with the Charity Commission ofEngland and Wales.
In the Commission's first meeting in 2017, held in
Lima, Peru, members were elected to the Main
Commission and the 4 Committees. The
Commission welcomed six new members andthanked departing members John Boice, Jaiki Lee,
Hua Liu, Hans-Georg Menzel, Ohtsura Niwa, andEliseo Vano for their many years of dedication to
ICRP and the field of radiological protection.

The change in membership took effect on July 1,
2017, the start of the new four-year term.
At ICRP-ERPW 2017, the Commission, via Chair
Claire Cousins, announced its intention to Free
the Annals. Throughout the year, theCommission approved four reports for
publication, including Ethical Foundations of the
System of Radiological Protection, andDiagnostic Reference Levels in Medical Imaging.
The Main Commission will meet twice in 2018, in
April, in Quebec City, Canada, followed by
Stockholm, Sweden in October.
Information about ICRP and ICRU's 90th
Anniversary, hosted by the Swedish Radiation
Safety Authority (SSM) can be found by visiting
https://www.stralsakerhetsmyndigheten.se/en/
about-the-authority/international-work/icrpicru-90/.

*Not formally Main Commission member. However, the Scientific Secretary is integral to the work of the Main
Commission, often serving as the representative of ICRP.

6

Scientific Secretariat
The Scientific Secretariat manages the daily business of ICRP, and the Scientific Secretary often represents
ICRP at international meetings.
Interns
Devon Foote
Julie Reyjal
Laila Omar-Nazir

Christopher
Clement, Scientific
Secretary

Haruyuki Ogino,
Assistant Scientific
Secretary

Lynn Lemaire,
Executive
Administrator

Kelsey Cloutier,Development andCommunications
Manager

Toshihiro Higuchi,
Historian

are full-time paid positions. The Assistant Scientific
Secretary is staffed through a cost-free, multi-year
placement, currently from the Central ResearchInstitute of Electric Power Industry of Japan.
Historian is a voluntary, part-time position. Most
interns join on a four-month rotating basis
through the CNSC co-op student programme.

Under the leadership of the Scientific Secretary,
the Scientific Secretariat is responsible for
conducting the day-to-day business of ICRP. It is
located in Ottawa, Canada, in an office provided as
an in-kind contribution from the Canadian Nuclear
Safety Commission (CNSC).
The Scientific Secretary, Executive Administrator,and Development and Communications Manager

ICRP in Numbers
90
YEARS INOPERATION
20
ACTIVETASKGROUPS137
NUMBERED
PUBLICATIONS

1SYSTEM OF
RADIOLOGICALPROTECTION
4STANDINGCOMMITTEES240
MEMBERS24
ORGANISATIONSIN FORMALRELATIONS

7

Committee 1(Radiation Effects)
C1 assesses scientific knowledge on radiation risk, examining possible implications on the System ofRadiological Protection.

Back Row (L-R): Kotaro Ozasa (Japan), Kazuo Sakai (Japan), Andrzej Wojcik (Vice Chair, Sweden), Michael Hauptmann(Netherlands), Richard Wakeford (United Kingdom)
Front Row (L-R): Tamara Azizova (Russia), Gayle Woloschak (United States), Werner Rühm (Chair, Germany), Jacqueline GarnierLaplace (Secretary, France), Sisko Salomaa (Finland), Dan Stram (United States), Quanfu Sun (China), Mikhail Sokolnikov(Russia) Inset (L-R): Wolfgang Dörr (Austria), Preetha Rajaraman (India), and Ranajit Chakraborty (United States).

Committee 1 (C1) addresses issues pertinent totissue reactions, risks of cancer and heritablediseases, radiation dose responses, and effects ofdose rate and radiation quality. C1 also reviews
radiation-induced effects in the embryo/fetus andgenetic factors, and uncertainties involved injudgements on radiation-induced health effects.
The annual C1 meeting, like all other Committees',
took place in Paris, France, in conjunction with
ICRP-ERPW 2017. With a composition renewed atabout 30%, this was the first meeting of the
2017-2021 term. C1 now also includes expertise
to move towards an integrated system forradiological protection including effects on nonhuman species.
The Working Party on individual radio sensitivity
will produce a review of relevant publications
released since the Health Protection AgencyAdvisory Group on Ionising Radiation (HPA-AGIR)
report (2013) on Human Radiosensitivity. The
Working Party on Circulatory disease will preparea review for the next C1 meeting in 2018.

8

Task Group (TG) 64 on Cancer Risk for Alpha
Emitters will finalise a draft in the 4th quarter of2018 to be reviewed at the next C1 meeting. TG 91
on Radiation Risk Inference at Low Dose and Low
Dose Rate Exposure for Radiological Protection
Purposes updated its action plan. A number ofarticles were published by members of this TG inscientific journals around the world.
TG 99 on Reference Animals and Plants (RAPs)
Monographs continued to establish a link between
RAPs and Representative Organisms for risk
assessment. A complete draft version of thisreport is expected in 2019. TG 102 on DetrimentCalculation Methodology is to establish a solid
basis for future ICRP Recommendations, with adraft report expected in late 2018.
At ICRP-ERPW 2017, C1 held joint meetings with
C4, C2, and C3 and discussed low-dose/low-dose
rate effects, effective dose, and the importance ofindividual sensitivity and suscepability,
respectively.

Committee 2(Doses from Radiation Exposures)
C2 develops reference models and data, including dose coefficients for the assessment of exposure toradiation.

Back Row(L-R): Chan Hyeong Kim (South Korea), Frank Wissman (Germany), Derek Jokisch (United States),
Alexander Ulanowski (Austria), Augusto Giussani (Germany), Wesley Bolch (Secretary, United States),
Tatsuhiko Sato (Japan)
Front Row(L-R): Francois Paquet (Vice Chair, France), Maria Antonia Lopez (Spain), Eric Blanchardon (France),
Nina Petoussi-Henss (Germany), John Harrison (Chair, United Kingdom), Volodymyr Berkovskyy (Ukraine), Rich
Leggett (United States), Tracy Smith (United Kingdom), Junli Li (China)

The first meeting of the new term (2017-2021)
was held jointly with those of other committees
and ICRP-ERPW 2017.
Discussions at the Committee 2 (C2) meeting
focused on Task Group (TG) progress. TG 79
completed its report on the Use of Effective Doseas a Risk-Related Dosimetric Quantity; public
consultation was approved by the Main
Commission to take place during 2018. TG 96 on
Computational Phantoms and Radiation
Transport completed Publication 133, providing
internal radiation transport data for the adultreference phantoms. Work on pediatric reference
phantoms was advanced. TG103 reported good
progress on converting adult phantoms to highquality mesh format for future calculations. TG 90
on Age Dependant Dose Conversion for External
Exposures to Environmental Sources was
finalising calculations and expected to complete
work in 2018. TG 95 on Internal Dose Coefficientscompleted Parts 2 and 3 of a series of report oncompleted Parts 2 and 3 of a series of report on
occupational intakes of radionuclides, issued as
Publications 134 and 137, respectively. Part 4 will
be completed during 2018.
Former Committee 5 completed work on an
update and extension of dose coefficients for
non-human biota, issued as Publication 136.
Future work on this topic will be the responsibilityof C2. The development of dose coefficients foradministered radiopharmaceuticals is a joint
responsibility of C2 and C3: TG 36 will update
coefficients using Publication 103 methodology inparallel work to that of TG95.
Other issues discussed included a joint report withICRU to update operational quantities used inmeasurement of external radiation exposures,and dosimetry in emergencies.
The next meeting of C2 is planned for September
2018, in Beijing.

9Committee 3(Protection in Medicine)C3 develops recommendations and guidance on the protection of patients, staff, and the public against
radiation exposure in medicine.

Back Row (L-R): Lodewijk van Bladel (Belgium), Michel Bourguignon (France), Reinhard Loose (Germany),
David Sutton (United Kingdom), Makato Hosono (Japan)
Front Row (L-R): Keon Kang (South Korea), Colin Martin (Vice Chair, United Kingdom), Kimberly Applegate(Chair, United States), Madan Rehani (Secretary, United States), Marie-Claire Cantone (Italy), Jamila Alsuwaidi(UAE), Yantao Niu (China), Josep Marti-Climent (Spain)
Inset: Sandor Demeter (Canada), William Small (United States).

Committee 3 (C3) is concerned with protection in
medicine, develops recommendations andguidance on the protection of patients, staff, andthe public against radiation exposure in medicine,and from July 2017, explicitly includes protection
in veterinary applications. The annual Committee
3 meeting took place at ICRP-ERPW 2017, in
October 2017.
The report on Diagnostic Reference Levels for
Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging was
released as Publication 135 in late 2017.
Publication 139, on Occupational RadiologicalProtection in Interventional Procedures, is set tobe released in Q1 of 2018. The Task Group (TG)
101 report on Radiological Protection in Therapy
with Radiopharmaceuticals has been submitted to
the Main Commission, and will undergo criticalview before being available for public
consultation. TG36 on Doses to Patients fromRadiopharmaceuticals, a joint TG with C2, was

10changed to Radiation Doses to Patients from
Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine and the TG is revising
Publication 128 with a target date of 2020.
For future TGs, C3 will pursue optimisation in
medical imaging, joint C3-C4 TG on RadiologicalProtection in Veterinary Radiology, and anotherjoint C3-C4 TG on ethical aspects in medical
exposure.
Longer term, C3 identified the following topics forpotential Task Group and Working Party mandates:
multiple exposures of individual patients;
radiological protection aspects in daily imaging
during Image Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT); use ofionising radiation in sports performanceassessment; economic factors in evaluation ofradiation protection practices; radiologicalconversion factors; and radiological protection ofpre-mature babies and neonates.
Committee 3 will next meet in November, 2018 in
Beijing, China.

Committee 4(Application of the Commission’s Recommendations)C4 develops principles and recommendations on radiological protection of people and the environment
in all exposure situations. Within ICRP committee’s, it has the widest range of scope.

Back Row (L-R): Senlin Liu (China, Main Commission), Sergey Shinkarev (Russia), Nobuhiko Ban (Japan), Mike Boyd (UnitedStates), Francois Bochud (Switzerland), David Copplestone (United Kingdom), John Takala (Canada), Jean-Francois Lecomte(Secretary, France), Thierry Schneider (France), Diego Talleia (IAEA)
Front Row (L-R): Haruyuki Ogino (Asst. Scientific Secretary, Canada), Michiaki Kai (Japan, Main Commission), Catrin Koch
(Sweden), Yahong Mao (China), Nicole Martinez (United States), Anne Nisbet (United Kingdom), Donald Cool (Chair, UnitedStates), Kathryn Highley (Vice Chair, United States), Analia Canoba (Argentina), Gillian Hirth (Australia), Eduardo Gallego(Spain), Toshimitsu Homma (Japan)

The Committee 4 (C4) programme of work
includes application of the Commission’s
recommendations in several broad areas,
including: various aspects of existing exposure
situations; leading the ICRP effort in Fukushima
and emergency situations; elaborating on thefoundations of the System of RadiologicalProtection, protection of the environment;
developing topical application reports in
consultation with organisations with formal
relations with ICRP; and, applications of work
conducted by other committees in the areas ofhealth effects, dosimetry, and medicine.
During the first meeting of the new term, C4
covered a wide range of issues, including newactivities related to its revised mandate.
The report of Task Group (TG) 94 on Ethics ofRadiological Protection will be released as
Publication 138 in early 2018, examining thefoundations of the system of protection, anddescribes how the core ethical values of doing
good, avoiding harm, acting justly, respecting

dignity, and being prudent in decisions can beseen in the Commission’s recommendations, andapplied in decision-making. Topical application
activities include TG 97 on Surface and Near
Surface Waste Disposal, and TG 106 on
Radiological Protection for Mobile High Activity
Sources. Work is ongoing in TG 72 on Biota
Radiation Weighting Factors, TG 74 on Dose
Coefficients for Non-Human Biota, TG 76 on
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials, TG 98
on Contaminated Sites, TG 99 on Reference
Animal and Plant Monographs, and TG 105 on
Considering the Environment when Applying the
System of Radiological Protection.
Looking ahead, C4 has recommended to theMain Commission several new Task Groups
related to the protection of the environment,
radiological accidents, reasonableness andtolerability, and jointly with C3, ethics in medicine.
C4 plans to meet in the United Arab Emirates
in November, 2018.

11

Free the Annals

On October 10, 2017, at the opening
ceremonies of ICRP-ERPW 2017, ICRP Chair
Claire Cousins (pictured above) announced theintention of the organisation to Free the Annalsof the ICRP to celebrate our 90th anniversary in
2018. The objective is to permanently change
the way all organisations, professionals, andother interested people everywhere accessvital information on the system of radiologicalprotection that underpins standards,
legislation, and practice world-wide. Raising€500,000 in 2018 will mean all ICRP
publications, except the most recent two fullyears, will be available for FREE.
Governments, educational institutions,
hospitals, businesses, and professionals will beable to find relevant information immediately.
Members of the public will be able to find theanswers they seek without cost.
This is a significant undertaking that is well on
its way, and more help is needed!
12

Can you or your organisation help make thistransformational initiative come to fruition?
More information can be found on
www.icrp.org, including how to contribute.
Interested organisations are encouraged tocontact Kelsey Cloutier(kelsey.cloutier@icrp.org), Development andCommunications Manager.
Special thanks to those organisations who areleading the way:

Click here to see all supporting organisations!

FREE THE ANNALS

90th Anniversary Drive of the International Commission on Radiological Protection
Part of the ICRP Advancing Together Initiative
International organisations, national authorities, standard-setting
bodies, and professionals rely on the recommendations of theInternational Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to
protect patients, workers, the public, and the environment against
harm from ionising radiation. T hese recommendations are
published in ICRP's dedicated journal, Annals of the /CRP.

NIIIIP
Annals of the ICRP

Let's celebrate ICRP's 90th anniversary by making access to the Annals free. To realise thisgoal, we aim to raise€ 500 000 by the end of 2018. T hanks to the UAE Federal Authority
for Nuclear Regulation and the US Department of Energy, the initiative launched with 20%of the needed support already achieved. With this, all publications from 1928 to 1988,
and a few others including the most recent fundamental recommendations Publication 103,
are already free to access at www.icrp.org.
More contributions are needed from a diverse range of supporters to Free the Annals,
especially from organisations that rely on the recommendations of ICRP. Success will:• Make all lCRP publications, except for the most recent rolling two years, free to access• Address challenges with access in developing regions, ensuring protection of patients,
workers, the public, and the environment world-wide• Simplify distribution to professionals, policy-makers, and the public everywhere• Promote collaboration across the radiological protection community• Recognise the organisations contributing to this transformational initiative
Contact Kelsey Cloutier for more information
Kelsey.Cloutier@icrp.org, +1 613 943 4086
"We are delighted to lead the way with ameaningful contribution towards making theAnnals of the I CRP available for free, and inparticular we are proud that Publication 103 is
now available to everybody thanks to ourcontribution. Easy access will be a boon to
governments, scientists, professionals, andinterested citizens world-wide. Let's take on thisimportant initiative together.""We are pleased to join other agencies andcountries in ICRP's efforts with our contribution
towards making the Annals of the I CRP available
for free; and, in particular, we are thrilled that
Publication 103 will be available to everyone.
Access will be a benefit to radiation protection
professionals, scientists, and interested
countries world-wide. Let us undertake thiscritical initiative together. "Christer Viktorsson, Director
General, UAE Federal Authority
for Nuclear Regulation (FANR)

Dr. Patricia R. Worthington,
Director, Office of Health and
Safety, US Department of Energy

Established in 1928, ICRP is an international, independent, registered charity (UK Charity#1166304), relying on voluntary contributions to support our work. Our ~250 expert members from
more than 30 countries and all disciplines relevant to radiological protection volunteer their time to
ICRP. Together we develop the System of Radiological Protection, which forms the basis ofstandards, legislation, guidance, programmes, and practice worldwide.

13

ICRP-ERPW 2017

The 4th International Symposium on the
System of Radiological Protection, in
conjunction with the 2nd European
Radiological Protection Research Week
took place in Paris, France from October
10-12, 2017. Hosted by the Institut deRadioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire
(IRSN) and the five European platforms
MELODI (low dose effects), ALLIANCE(radioecology), EURADOS (dosimetry),
NERIS (emergency preparedness) andEURAMED (medical applications), wewelcomed over 500 participants topartake in three days of sessions given byradiological protection experts fromaround the world.
With a wide range of topics touching on
ethics, post-accident recovery, and RP in
medicine among others, the event once
again showed the importance of ICRP's
work on the international stage. Please
visit www.icrp-erpw2017.com to view afull list of supporters, presenters, and theprogramme. You can find videos of allpresentations given at ICRP 2017 on our
YouTube page.

14

Relations with other Organisations

IEC Electrical Equipmentin Medical Practice (IEC/TC62)

IEC Nuclear
Instrumentation(IEC/TC45)

Independence and Collaboration
An important strength of ICRP is its ability toprovide independent recommendations andguidance. In particular, this independence relates
to determining the programme of work andselecting members. However, independence
does not mean isolation; engaging with otherorganisations stregthens ICRP’s aim to advanceradiological protection for the public benefit.
ICRP interacts with many organisations with aninterest in radiological protection, and (as ofDecember 31st, 2017) maintains formal
relations with twenty-four organisations,shown above.

15

Thanks to our Supporters
ICRP relies on the voluntary financial contributions of institutions from around the world. While thesecontributions do not influence our membership or the programme of work, they are essential to thecontinuation of ICRP. It is with sincere gratitude that we thank our supporters for their dedication to
ICRP and the System of Radiological Protection globally.

Chinese Society ofRadiation Protection

Southern Urals
BiophysicalInstitute, Russia

National Institute ofRadiation Protection,
Denmark

16

Task Groups
Active as of December 31st, 2017
C2/3 TG36:

Radiation Dose to Patients in Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine, chaired by Augusto Giussani

C1 TG64:

Cancer Risk from Alpha Emitters, chaired by Margot Tirmarche
RBE and Reference Animals and Plants, chaired by Kathryn Higley
Application of the Commission’s Recommendations to NORM (Naturally Occurring
Radioactive Material), chaired by Jean-François Lecomte
The Use of Effective Dose as a Risk Related Radiological Protection Quantity, chaired byJohn Harrison
Occupational Radiological Protection in Brachytherapy, chaired by Lawrence Dauer
Age-dependent Dose Conversion Coefficients for External Exposures to Environmental
Sources, chaired by Nina Petoussi-Henβ
Radiation Risk Inference at Low-dose and Low-dose Rate Exposure for RadiologicalProtection Purposes, chaired by Werner Rühm
Update of ICRP Publication 109 and 111, chaired by Michiaki Kai
Internal Dose Coefficients, chaired by Francois Paquet
Computational Phantoms and Radiation Transport, chaired by Wesley Bolch
Application of the Commission’s Recommendations for Surface and Near Surface
Disposal of Solid Radioactive Waste, chaired by Thiagan Pather
Application of the Commission’s Recommendations to Exposures Resulting fromContaminated Sites from Past Industrial, Military and Nuclear Activities, chaired byMichael Boyd
Reference Animals and Plants (RAPs) Monographs, chaired by Jacqueline GarnierLaplace
Radiological Protection in Therapy with Radiopharmaceuticals, chaired by Yoshiharu
Yonekura
Detriment Calculation Methodology, chaired by Nobuhiko Ban
Mesh-type Reference Computational Phantoms, chaired by Chan Hyeong Kim
Integration of Protection of People and of the Environment in the System ofRadiological Protection, chaired by Carl-Magnus Larsson
Considering the Environment when Applying the System of Radiological Protection,
chaired by David Copplestone
Application of the Commission’s Recommendations to Activities involving Mobile High
Activity Sources, chaired by Donald Cool

C5 TG72:
C4 TG76:
C2 TG79:
C3 TG89:
C2 TG90:
C1 TG91:
C4 TG93:
C2 TG95:
C2 TG96:
C4 TG97:
C4 TG98:

C5 TG99:
C3 TG101:
C1 TG102:
C2 TG103:
MC TG104:
C4/5 TG 105:
C4 TG 106:17

Publications in 2017
Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 2
ICRP Publication 134
Authors on behalf of ICRP: F. Paquet, M.R. Bailey,
R.W. Leggett, J. Lipsztein, T.P. Fell,T. Smith, D.
Nosske, K.F. Eckerman, V. Berkovski, E. Ansoborlo,A.
Giussani, W.E. Bolch, J.D. Harrison
Abstract - The 2007 Recommendations of theInternational Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP, 2007) introduced changes that affect thecalculation of effective dose, and implied a revision of
the dose coefficients for internal exposure, publishedpreviously in the Publication 30 series (ICRP, 1979, 1980,
1981, 1988b) and Publication 68 (ICRP, 1994b). In
addition, new data are available that support an updateof the radionuclide-specific information given in
Publications 54 and 78 (ICRP, 1988a, 1997b) for thedesign of monitoring programmes and retrospective
assessment of occupational internal doses. Provision of
new biokinetic models, dose coefficients, monitoring
methods, and bioassay data was performed byCommittee 2, Task Group 21 on Internal Dosimetry, andTask Group 4 on Dose Calculations. A new series, theOccupational Intakes of Radionuclides (OIR) series, will
replace the Publication 30 series and Publications 54 , 68,
and 78. Part 1 of the OIR series has been issued (ICRP,
2015), and describes the assessment of internal
occupational exposure to radionuclides, biokinetic anddosimetric models, methods of individual andworkplace monitoring, and general aspects ofretrospective dose assessment. The following
publications in the OIR series (Parts 2–5) will provide
data on individual elements and their radioisotopes,
including information on chemical forms encounteredin the workplace; a list of principal radioisotopes andtheir physical half-lives and decay modes; theparameter values of the reference biokinetic model;
and data on monitoring techniques for theradioisotopes encountered most commonly inworkplaces. Reviews of data on inhalation, ingestion,and systemic biokinetics are also provided for most of
the elements. Dosimetric data provided in the printed
publications of the OIR series include tables ofcommitted effective dose perintake (Sv per Bq intake)for inhalation and ingestion, tables of committed
effective dose per content (Sv per Bq measurement) for
inhalation, and graphs of retentionand excretion data
per Bq intake for inhalation.

18

These data are provided for all absorption types and forthe most common isotope(s) of each element. The
electronic annex that accompanies the OIR series ofreports contains a comprehensive set of committed
effective and equivalent dose coefficients, committed
effective dose percontent functions, and reference
bioassay functions. Data are provided for inhalation,
ingestion, and direct input to blood. The present
publication provides the above data for the following
elements: hydrogen (H), carbon (C), phosphorus(P),sulphur (S), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), zinc(Zn), strontium (Sr), yttrium(Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium(Nb), molybdenum (Mo), and technetium (Tc).
Recommended reference format for citations
ICRP, 2016. Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 2.
ICRP Publication 134. Ann. ICRP 45(3/4), 1–352.

Diagnostic Reference Levels in Medical Imaging
ICRP Publication 135

Authors on behalf of ICRP: E. Vaño, D.L. Miller, C.J.
Martin, M.M. Rehani, K. Kang, M. Rosenstein, P.
Ortiz-Lopez, S. Mattsson, R. Padovani, A. Rogers
Abstract - The International Commission on
Radiological Protection (ICRP) first introduced theterm ‘diagnostic reference level’ (DRL) in 1996 in
Publication 73. The concept was subsequently
developed further, and practical guidance wasprovided in 2001. The DRL has been proven to bean effective tool that aids in optimisation ofprotection in the medical exposure of patients fordiagnostic and interventional procedures.
However, with time, it has become evident that
additional advice is needed. There are issues
related to definitions of the terms used in previous
guidance, determination of the values for DRLs, theappropriate interval for reevaluating and updatingthese values, appropriate use of DRLs in clinicalpractice, methods for practical application of DRLs,
and application of the DRL concept to newer
imaging technologies. This publication is intended
as a further source of information and guidance onthese issues. Some terminology has been clarified.
In addition, this publication recommends
quantities for use as DRLs for various imaging
modalities, and provides information on the use of
DRLs for interventional procedures and in
paediatric imaging. It suggests modifications in the
conduct of DRL surveys that take advantage of
automated reporting of radiation-dose-related
uantities, and highlights the importance ofincluding information on DRLs in training
programmes for healthcare workers. The target
audience for this publication is national, regional,
and local authorities; professional societies; andfacilities that use ionising radiation for medical
purposes, and responsible staff within thesefacilities. A full set of the Commission’s
recommendations is provided.
Recommended reference format for citations
ICRP, 2017. Diagnostic reference levels in medical imaging.
ICRP Publication 135. Ann. ICRP 46(1).

19Dose Coefficients for Non-human Biota Environmentally
Exposed to Radiation
ICRP Publication 136

Authors on behalf of ICRP: A. Ulanovsky, D.
Copplestone, J. Vives i Batlle
Abstract The diversity of non-human biota is a specificchallenge when developing and applying
dosimetric models for assessing exposures of floraand fauna from radioactive sources in theenvironment. Dosimetric models, adopted in
Publication 108, provide dose coefficients (DCs) fora group of reference entities [Reference Animals
and Plants (RAPs)]. The DCs can be used toevaluate doses and dose rates, and to compare thelatter with derived consideration reference levels(DCRLs), which are bands of dose rate where some
sort of detrimental effect in a particular RAP may
be expected to occur following chronic, long-term
radiation exposure, as outlined in Publication 124.
These dosimetric models pragmatically assume
simple body shapes with uniform composition anddensity, homogeneous internal contamination,
limited sets of idealised sources of external
exposure to ionising radiation for aquatic andterrestrial animals and plants, and truncatedradioactive decay chains. This pragmatic
methodology is further developed andsystematically extended in this publication, which
supersedes the DC values of Publication 108.
Significant methodological changes since
Publication 108 include: implementation of a new
approach for external exposure of terrestrial
animals with an extended set of environmental
radioactive sources in soil and in air; considering
an extended range of organisms and locations incontaminated terrain; transition to thecontemporary radionuclide database of
Publication 107; assessment-specific considerationof the contribution of radioactive progeny to DCsof parent radionuclides; and use of generalised
allometric relationships in the estimation of
biokinetic or metabolic parameter values.
20

These methodological developments result inchanges to previously published tables of DCs for
RAPs, and revised values are provided in thispublication. This publication is complemented bya new software tool, called 'BiotaDC', whichenables the calculation of DCs for internal andexternal exposures of organisms with user-definedmasses, shapes, and locations in the environment
and for all radionuclides in Publication 107.
Recommended reference format for citations
ICRP, 2017. Dose coefficients for nonhuman biota
environmentally exposed to radiation. ICRP Publication 136.
Ann. ICRP 46(2).

Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 3
ICRP Publication 137

Authors on behalf of ICRP: F. Paquet, M.R. Bailey, R.W.
Leggett, J. Lipsztein, J. Marsh, T.P. Fell, T. Smith, D.
Nosske, K.F. Eckerman, V. Berkovski, E. Blanchardon, D.
Gregoratto, J.D. Harrison
Abstract - The 2007 Recommendations of theInternational Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP, 2007) introduced changes that affect thecalculation of effective dose, and implied a revision of
the dose coefficients for internal exposure, publishedpreviously in the Publication 30 series (ICRP, 1979, 1980,
1981, 1988) and Publication 68 (ICRP, 1994). In addition,
new data are now available that support an update of
the radionuclide-specific information given in
Publications 54 and 78 (ICRP, 1988a, 1997b) for the designof monitoring programmes and retrospective
assessment of occupational internal doses. Provision of
new biokinetic models, dose coefficients, monitoring
methods, and bioassay data was performed byCommittee 2, Task Group 21 on Internal Dosimetry, andTask Group 4 on Dose Calculations. A new series, theOccupational Intakes of Radionuclides (OIR) series, will
replace the Publication 30 series and Publications 54, 68,
and 78. OIR Part 1 has been issued (ICRP, 2015), anddescribes the assessment of internal occupational
exposure to radionuclides, biokinetic and dosimetricmodels, methods of individual and workplacemonitoring, and general aspects of retrospective dose
assessment. OIR Part 2 (ICRP, 2016), this current
publication and upcoming publications in the OIR series
These data are provided for all absorption types and for(Parts 4 and 5) provide data on individual elements andthe most common isotope(s) of each element. The
their radioisotopes, including information on chemicalelectronic annex that accompanies the OIR series offorms encountered in the workplace; a list of principal
publications contains a comprehensive set of committed
radioisotopes and their physical half-lives and decay
effective and equivalent dose coefficients, committed
modes; the parameter values of the reference biokinetic
effective dose per content functions, and reference
model; and data on monitoring techniques for thebioassay functions. Data are provided for inhalation,
radioisotopes encountered most commonly iningestion, and direct input to blood. This third publication
workplaces. Reviews of data on inhalation, ingestion,in the series provides the above data for the following
and systemic biokinetics are also provided for most ofelements: ruthenium (Ru), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te),the elements. Dosimetric data provided in the printed
iodine (I), caesium (Cs), barium (Ba), iridium (Ir), lead (Pb),publications of the OIR series include tables ofbismuth (Bi), polonium (Po), radon (Rn), radium (Ra),committed effective dose per intake (Sv Bq-1 intake) for
thorium (Th), and uranium (U).
inhalation and ingestion, tables of committed effective
dose per content (Sv Bq-1 measurement) for inhalation,and graphs of retention and excretion data per Bq intake
for inhalation.
Recommended reference format for citations
ICRP, 2017. Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 3. ICRP
Publication 137. Ann. ICRP 46(3/4).

21

Finances
2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Contributions Received

648 572712 583

1 074 816

998 002

1 012 503

Royalties*

139 536

170 131204 176

142 255

184 722

Interest and Other Income

40

11

0

0

0

Total Incoming Resources

788 148882 725

1 278 992

1 140 257

1 197 225

Promotion of Radiological Protection

408 655

322 803508 519622 915929 988

Governance Costs †512 225

528 105

507 745387 504

477 652

Other Resources Expended

30 97649 2702 549

29 26416 418

Total Resources Expended

951 856

900 178

1 018 814

1 039 684

1 424 058

NET MOVEMENT IN RESOURCES(163 708)(17 453)

260 178

100 573(226 833)

TOTAL FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD

134 904

117 450377 629478 201

251 368

INCOMING RESOURCESRESOURCES EXPENDED

This is a summary of ICRP annual financial statements as audited by Tudor John Chartered
Accountants, Epsom, UK. All amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars. Amounts for 2013-2016,
originally reported in USD, have been converted to CAD using an exchange rate as of December 31,
2017.

22

In Memoriam

Charlie Meinhold
1934-2017
Committee 3 Member
Committee 3 Chair(1973-1977)(1977-1985)

Committee 2 Chair(1985-1993)

Main Commission Member(1977-1993)(1993-2001)(2001-2017)

ICRP Vice-Chair
ICRP MC Member Emeritus

2122