（令和）年度

日［＊］

外国

語

（Reading & Writing）

注

意．監督者の指示があるまで問題を見ないこと。
．声を出して問題を読まないこと。
．問題はページ、からまである。

．問題や解答用紙に落丁、乱丁、汚損あるいは印刷不鮮明の箇所があれば、手をあげて監督者に申し出ること。
．解答は必ず鉛筆を使用し、解答用紙に記入すること。
．

、およびること。ののとの解答は、解答用紙の解答欄の記号にマークすの解答は解答用紙の所定の欄に記述すること。

．訂正箇所は、消しゴムできれいに消すこと。
．解答欄には、関係のない符号や文字あるいはメモなどを記入しないこと。
．解答用紙を折ったり汚したりしないこと。
．問題用紙は持ち帰ること。

次の文章に関して空所補充問題と読解問題がある。まず本文の⑴から⑹までの空所を埋めるために、前後関係から考えて最も適切だと思うものをＡからＣの選択肢よりつ選び、解答欄の記号にマークしなさい。次に、内容に関する⑺から⑼の設問について、文章の内容から判断して最も適切だと思うものをＡからＤの選択肢よりつ選び、解答欄の記号にマークしなさい。［点］

When humans eat insects, it is called entomophagy. Entomophagy
used to be a natural practice for people in every part of the world. One
historian suggested that the eating of insects and their eggs accounts forthe successful expansion of the Aztec civilization. In Greece, Aristotle
wrote that cicadas were most delicious before they broke out of theirshells. Jews, Christians and Muslims were encouraged to eat insects inthe Bible and the Koran. Australian Aboriginals called locusts “skyprawns.” Native Americans called shrimp “sea crickets.” Insects are still
delicacies in most tropical countries and it（ ⑴ ）［Ａ．has become clearly
Ｂ．is usually fine Ｃ．has been estimated］that two billion people
currently supplement their diets with insects.
According to a recent U.N. study, there are many good reasons toeat insects. One important reason is that insects are full of vitamins,
essential minerals, proteins and fiber. They have less fat, and healthierfat,（ ⑵ ）［Ａ．than other meat Ｂ．for other meat Ｃ．by other meat］.
Almost 2,000 types of insects have been recognized as edible, with themost

popularbeing

beetlesandcaterpillars.

Entomophagy

isalsoconsidered much less environmentally damaging because insects breed
and grow faster than other animals and require less grain cultivation.
The study claimed that producing a kilo of beef requires four times more
feed than producing a kilo of insects. Some people have begun using
insects as chicken, fish and cattle feed. Some scientists think insects＊could

solve

world

foodshortages

andare（ ⑶ ）［Ａ．perfectlysuit

Ｂ．ideal for Ｃ．easily to］outer space travel. Cultivating or catchinginsects could also provide jobs for the unemployed.
（ ⑷ ）［Ａ．As a result Ｂ．Unfortunately Ｃ．Above all］
, people inmost developed nations, especially those in the West, view entomophagy
as disgusting. This disgust is thought to arise from the Western
tradition of keeping domestic animals as a food source and their belief
thatentomophagy

ismore（ ⑸ ）［ Ａ．fittingforＢ．preferredtoＣ．fond of］apes than humans. In fact, up to 50% of Native American
populations were forced to stop eating insects by Europeans.
The U.N. paper concluded that we must change the Western
attitude toward insects and promote entomophagy as beneficial for all ofhumanity. In early 2013, millions of locusts plagued Madagascar, Egyptand Israel. Instead of regarding this event as a plague, it could have
been

seen

asa（ ⑹ ）［Ａ．sustainableＣ．fatal disaster］
.

＊

goal

Ｂ．goldenopportunity

⑺What is the author telling us about?
Ａ．Only primitive people are interested in eating insects.
Ｂ．Eating insects has many advantages for humanity.
Ｃ．Domestic animals are a better source of minerals than insects.
Ｄ．Eating insects made Native Americans 50% healthier.

⑻

According to the passage, which of the following is true?
Ａ．Entomophagy spread after being written about in the Bible.
Ｂ．Anyone who eats insects is considered to be an ape.
Ｃ．Western countries must grow more grain for insects.
Ｄ．Insects could be helpful in outer space travel.

⑼

According to the passage, why do people in developed nations tend
to disdain eating insects?
Ａ．Insects should be eaten only by domesticated animals.
Ｂ．Europeans believed Native Americans should only eat domesticatedanimals.
Ｃ．There was a belief that apes, not humans, should eat insects.
Ｄ．The U.N. determined the promotion of eating insects is bad forthe environment.

＊次のページに進みなさい＊次のからで始まる英文は、並べられた順でつの段落それぞれの書き出しの文となっている。それぞれの下線部に、ＡからＦまでの文章のどれを続けたらつの段落全体を合わせて筋の通った自然な文章になるか。最も適切なものをＡからＦよりつ選び解答欄の記号にマークしなさい。ただし、ＡからＦのうちには選ばれないものもある。（＊印の語（句）は注を参照のこと）［ 点］．Putting pen to paper is an act both convenient and elegant, withink offering a permanence that pencils cannot.

．American John L. Loud invented the first ballpoint pen in 1888.

．Soon, other companies began making their versions of the Biroballpoint pen.

．The new, cheaper pen created a revolution.

．Modern writing is perhaps defined more by keyboards and wordprocessors.

Ａ．Yet, the ballpoint pen is as common and useful as ever. Typicalhouseholds have dozens. For taking casual notes, signing documents,
or writing on the go, nothing is as suitable as a ballpoint pen. Ourworld would not be the same without them.

＊Ｂ．His instrument used a steel ball to keep the ink in place. Whenpressure was applied, the ink would roll around the ball onto thewriting surface. Yet, while Loud’s pen could write on leather andwood, it wouldn’t work on paper. Fifty years later, a Hungarianjournalist named Laszlo Biro grew frustrated with his fountain pensand began working with his brother Gyorgy, an amateur chemist, tomake something better. They applied Loud’s idea and discoveredthat using a thick ink similar to newspaper print would enable thepens to write on almost anything, including paper, and that thepens would seldom leak. The Biro brothers patented their invention
but had to flee Europe due to the outbreak of World War Ⅱ. It took
until 1943 for them to gain their first sale, an order of 30,000
ballpoint pens by the British Royal Air Force.

Ｃ．Sales skyrocketed*, but the pens weren’t cheap. They sold atprices that would approach almost 200 dollars for a single pen attoday’s monetary value. Yet, people craved* them in a mad rush notunlike those for the latest game devices and smartphone versions ofmodern times. A French businessman named Marcel Bich studied
the expensive pens and knew at once that, if he could simplify themanufacturing materials, he could cut costs. His pen was called the“Bic” and is still being sold today. His first models went for only
two dollars at today’s value, but by the 1960s, Bich was selling eachpen for only nineteen cents. Today, half a century later, Bic pensstill sell for a near-identical low price.

＊Ｄ．For centuries, writing was carried out with some form of dip penlong, slender instruments, the points of which were first dipped
into a supply of ink before quickly applying that ink to paper. Near
the beginning of the 19th century, writing took a step forward withthe appearance of the fountain pen. Such pens produced refinedstrokes but they had a major drawback: they were messy. Frequent
writers always had ink stains on their hands. The invention thatchanged this and created a writing revolution was the ballpoint pen,a tiny instrument with a major world impact.

Ｅ．Thus, writers did not need to keep dipping their instruments into
ink. Some historians feel that the first such pen might have been
invented by Leonardo da Vinci during the Renaissance. Yet, it took
centuries

until the early 1800s

before reliable pens could be

produced for the public in general. Inventors then turned theirattention to solving the problem of ink leakage. Due to innovativetechniques, leakage was largely reduced by the advent* of the 20thcentury, although the problem did not fully go away. While ballpoint
pens are now far more common, many people still enjoy fountainpens as a stylish form of written communication.

＊Ｆ．Fountain pens required a special writing place, such as a desk.
Yet ballpoint pens could be used anywhere, in any position. People
could write while stretched out on the floor. They could write on
their knee while sitting under a tree. They could write while
standing up and watching a lecture. Carrying the pens wasn’t aproblem, either. Users could stick them in their pockets. Walking
about with three pens of different colored ink was a ridiculously
simple act that only years before would have been highly impractical.

［注］skyrocket: 急上昇する

crave: とてもほしがる

advent: 到来＊

設問に答えなさい。［点］．下線部に続く文章全体の導入としてふさわしい英文を書きなさい。ただしその文はコロン（ : ）、セミコロン（ ; ）を含まず、ピリオド（. ）で終わるつの文とすること。（＊印の語（句）は注を参照のこと）

While they may be well-designed and peaceful,they are also solemn spots where families grieve for and remember lost
loved ones. No one finds joy in a cemetery

except, that is, for a very

special cemetery located in a small village in Romania. This cemeteryknown as the Merry Cemeteryis so visually attractive and fun that itis valued as an open-air museum and has become one of Romania’s top
tourist attractions.
Three elements

color, art and humor

serve to separate theMerry Cemetery from the more serious cemeteries found elsewhere.
Tombstones in the Merry Cemetery are vibrant with blue, red, andpurple colors and often have paintings that reflect the lives of thepeople they commemorate. Many gravestones also have funny epitaphs*that make visitors smile and even laugh. Some of the humor may be a
bit dark, but most heartwarmingly recreates the times and achievementsof those who have passed away.
Perhaps the top merit of the Merry Cemetery is the happy mood.
The cemetery shows that the delight of each person’s life can also beremembered and rejoiced in their death. Conceived by local artist Stan
Loan Patras in 1935, the Merry Cemetery has blossomed as a home forboth the dead and the living.

［注］epitaph: 墓碑銘＊

．次のＡからＣの選択肢のうち、文章の内容から判断して最も適切だと思うものを⑴つ選び、解答欄にあるその記号をマークしなさい。

According to the passage, which of the following accounts for thepopularity of Romania’s Merry Cemetery?
Ａ．It serves to unite life and death in a visually attractive manner.
Ｂ．It is a place where people quietly recall departed friends andfamily.
Ｃ．Its dark and fearful atmosphere resembles a haunted house.

⑵

According to the passage, which of the following is true about
Romania’s Merry Cemetery?
Ａ．Visitors come to laugh at the dark epitaphs on every grave.
Ｂ．The art and humor create a positive atmosphere in regard todeath.
Ｃ．Color, art and humor fit an open-air museum better than acemetery.

＊以下の問題について、語から語程度の英文で答えなさい。
［ 点］Robert Baden-Powell, the founder of the Boy Scouts, said in amessage to youth, “Leave the world a little better than you found it.”
What can you do to make your neighborhood a little better?

＊外国語（Reading & Writing）解答用紙（1） A B C

1A

B C D EF

（2） A B C

2A

B C D EF

3A

B C D EF

（4） A B C

4A

B C D EF

（5） A B C

5A

B C D EF

2（3） A B C

1（6） A B C

25点

（7） A B C D（8） A B C D（9） A B C D

3130点

One would not normally consider cemeteries to beplaces of happiness and color.

32（1）A B C（2）A B C

21点

There are several things I can do to make myneighborhood a little better. First, I can make an effort tobe pleasant and helpful to my neighbors, cheerfully
greeting them and helping them when they are in
4

difficulty. Second, I can help keep my neighborhood clean
and neat by picking up any litter I come across. In these
two ways I can make my neighborhood a better place.

24点