】SSN O912−7410

No．29 Apri11997

lI■．ヾl∴＿¶＝J′■ γ∵りJⅣrE月〃ATJOⅣAエ 上A∬E EⅣVJ月0〟〃EⅣT CO〃〃汀TEE FOとJⅣかATJOⅣ
p ForBetterLake Management
ThisNewsletterisalsoavaiFableinJapanese．

Ⅵねterinthe21stCentury
AGlobalCrisisonOurHandsToday
国産滋賀水フォーラム ー21世紀の水引聖のための持続−‡nternatiDr181Sh】ga戸口「U「¶orlTeGhnGlogy Tロ「鵬t巳rM∈目白gementin the 21st C∈〉ntury

Shiga■sGovernorlnabaattheOpeningCeremonyofthelnternationa［ShigaForumn his keynote speech at theIn【erna【ional Slliga Forum on
Ⅰ TechnologyforWaterManagementin
the21stCentury，ProfessorBiswas said，Watermanagementduringtheearlierpart
Ofthe21st centurylS gOing to be anincreasinglydifficulttask・Thereis no
doubtthatthetotalglobaldemandonwater
resources，bothin terms ofquantity andquality，Willcontinue toincrease due toincreaslngpOPulation，Cl−anglnglifestyles
andescalatinghuman activitiesneededto
PrOVidemorefood，energyandindustrial
goods▲Unlesswatermanagementprocesses
becomeincreasinglymore e汀icient at amuch faster rate than has eYer been wit−

nessedinhumanhistory，theworld−eSPeL
Ciallythe developlng WOrld−islikelyto
faceuntoldhumanmiserymorefrequently

lN
THIS
ISSUE

andmoreextensivelythanhasbeenrecord−
edintllePaSt ・

WaterWaS a＝〕eSta■bitpart■phyerinthe
Wings．Thisinspiteofthefactthatclimate
ChangehasyettoklllaslngleperSOnany−
Whereintheworld，andisunlikelytodoso
foratleastanothertwodecades・Yet，eVery

Alarmingwordsindeed，butasthefeaturearticlebyMishaDattain thisissuecorl−
firmS，WOrdsthatneedtobeoft−repeatedto yearmi11ionsofpeOPlehavebeendying
dueto alackofclean waterandincidences
Permeate thecollectiveconsciousness of
the world，The ShigaForumJleld overOfnoodsand血oughts‖．
threedaysinNovemberlastyear，wi1lonly
The truth to thelastsentenceisglVenby
bedeemedasuccessifitsmessageistaken
Seriously，thatis
wehaveacrisisanditis statistics that show that onerthird of allherenowい．
deathsindeveloplngCOuntriesarecaused
bycontaminatedwater，theverycolユntries
heglobalwaterissueml】Stmakeit
thatareleastabletoaddresstheissues．Itis
On tO theinternationalpolitical
Ourdutyandresponsibilitytoaddressthese
agenda，ToquoteProfessorliiswas
issuesforthem・WemustdothatbyglVlng
WateramuCbhigherprofileon血eglobal
again／ AttheEarthSummitin1992atRio，issueslikecllma【echange，biodiversityand p口1iticalagenda・meShigaForumwas a
deforestation took the centre stage and S［art，butthereisalongwaytogo・T

Raison Updatete●JICA／ILECTtaineelsViewpolnt
・ProfileonProfessorJ＠rgensen
・NewDirectoratUNEP−IETC●Water，WaterEverywhere，But．

ILEC Activifieses
・PleaforBooksandPeriodicals
・IbarakiKasumlgauraAward・LakesoftheWorld−Argentina●NewPublicationsandForthcomingEvents

WINDOWStoRAISON

D

urlngmid−MarchILEChosteda

VisitbyMr，AndrewFraserofthe
UNEP GEMS Collaborating
CentreforFreshwaterQualityMonitoring
andAssessment．TheCollaboratingCentre
islocated at the NatlOnalWater ResearchInstitute of Environment Canada in
BuTlington，Ontario・r■Fraseralso gaveapresenta−
the detailsofdatabaseconstruCtion，map
designandediting，dataanalyses，StatlStics，
tiontotheJICAtrainingcourse
in which an overview of thegraphing，datavisualization，eXPertSyS−
tems，andtheuseofmultlmediawithinthe
CaPabilitiesofRAlSONforWINDOWSRAISONsystem・Thebroadcapabilities wasdescribed，There aremanypotential
applicationsforuseofthesoftwaresystem
andversatilityof血enewWINDOWSver
sionofRAISONmadeforaYeryfulland
bytheparticIPantSintheJICAtraining
in［eresdngcourse・

M
COurSe．

AttherequestofILEC，theNationalWater
The purpose ofthevisitwas two fold■ResearchInstit11tein CanadaundertooktheFirstly，tOreViseandupdatetheRAlSON
softwareto thelatestversionfor theⅥ7tN− conversionofthe SurveyoftheLakesof
theWorld databasepro］eCtLThedatabase，
DOWS operahngsystemand secondly，tO
installtheILEC SurveyoftheLakesof graphicsanddocumentsthatcompnsethePrq］eCtWerePrOVidedonCDandtranslated
theWorld‖databasethathasbeenconverト
intoRAlSONstructures，Veryfewconver−
ed to run under the new version of RAト
Siondifficultieswereencollnteredduring
SON．
山isprocedure▲neprqeCthasnowbeen
installedonthecomputersystemsofILEC
Mr．Fraserleadafivedaytralningsession氏）r SeVeralILEC staffmembers and other andprovidesarapidandeasyplatLt）rmfor
Viewlngtheresultsoftlleen血elakespro−interestedindividuals．Thecourseempha−
SizedallmaJOrelementsoftheRAlSON
SyStemfromproJeCtinitlalizatlOnthroughject・

Mr．Fra＄erdemonstrates

JICNILECllainingCourse−Brazilianparticipant
MarcosGomesNogueiraglVeShisinsighttothecourseP

resently environmental problems
訂eSerlOl】Sissuesaffectlngbo血血edeveloped anddeveloplng COun−

はies，Oneof也ebiggestchallengesin【henearfutureisthe ad］uStmentOfeconomic

activities based on the sustainable use of to theLakeBiwacase，PrOvided us withnewtheoreticalandpracticalinsights・Of
resources，and also the change ofour
COurSeWeCannOtrePrOduceeverythingln
lifestyleinorderto getmoreenvironmen−
Ourhomecountries．Firstly beca11SeeaChtallysoundattitudesaswelltogetcIoserto
reglOn，eaChlakeandeachwatershedhave
nature．
theirownecologlCalcharacteristics，We
CannOtjustgeneralisethesolutionsforthe
Thelakes and reservoirs areinestimable
Samekind ofenvironmentalproblem▲
resources forhuman beings as wellfor
natureitself．The deterioration of these Secondly，WeCamefromdeveloplngCO11n−
trieswhereeconomicandsocialproblems，environmentsandlossofitsbiodiversityis
toacertaindegree，takeprlOrityforpeOPle，
unacceptable・Nevertheless，the environ−mentalmanagementoflakesisaverydiff1−
OWeVer，eVenindeveloplngCOun−
Cultta5k，demandingtheuseofanholistlCtnes，血erecentincrease oft∋nVi−
approach which takesinto accounttheronmentalconscio11SneSSin soci−PhysicalandbiologlCalaspeCtSnOtOnlyln
thewaterbody，butalsointheentirewater− ety hasbecomea sourceofconsiderable
PreSSureOngOVernmentPOlicyand deci−Shed，aSWe11toconsidertheimpactoftheSionsofprlVateenterprlSeS・
humanactivitleS．

H

▲− ノ

JICAllLECTrainees

しDuring the1997JICA／ILEC Training
Course of Lake Water Quality andManagementtheparticIPantSCOulddeeply
fealizehowcomplexaretheaspectsrelated
to this subject・AtthesametimetherichJapaneseexperience，eSPeCiallyinrelation

Iamabsolutelysurethattheknowledgewe
haveacq11iredonthisco11rSeWillbevery
useful，becausewehave strongreferences
thatwi11certainlybring newideas andunderstandingforourown environmental
problems．

ProfileonProfessorSvenJorgensen

New Director at

Chairman−ILECScient，incCommittee
rofessorSvenJ戸rgensenTthepresent

P

UNEP−IETC

CatChmentareaisconsidered，Chairman ofILEC s scientiflC COm＿
mittee，WaS afoundingmemberof［】】e Comm打tee jn1986and】1a5♭eer】amemberofILEC since・Hehasbeenvery
activeinILECparticularlyinthepublica−tion ofthe Guldeline Book series andin

ILEC seducatlOnalprogramandhaspartic−
1PatedaslecturerinmanyofILEC scours−
esallovertheworld・Heisaprofessorat
theRoyalDanish SchoolofPharmacy（RDSP），Whereheisinchargeofamasters
COurSeinenvironmentalchemistrywith
degree students from the RDSP．
Copenhagem Universlty and theAgriculturalUniversltyOfDenmark．At
PreSentheisresponsiblefortheresearchof
astaffofsixandalsohaseightPh▲D▲Stu−
dentsand14mastersstudents．

Hison−gOlngreSe訂Chprogramfocuseson
EcologicalModelling，Ecotechnologyand
EcosystemTheory・AIlhreeareasareLligh−1ylntegratedinhisresearchwhichhasbeen
mainlybasedonmanyrealenvironmental
managementproblems，Inthiscontexthe
has beenparticularlylntereStedinlake
PrOblemsandmanyofthemodelshehas
developedareconcernedwitheutrophica−tion．acidificatlOn Or tOXificatlOn Oflakes．
0ロeOfbiざ∫℃Ce出developmen［siざamOdeユ
Ofwetlandsdevelopedfortheassessmentofi【sremovalcapacltyfornon−pOintsoⅥrCeS
Ofnutrients■Lately，thewetlandmodelhas
beenlinkedwithaGISprogrambyoneof
hisco−WOrkerstofindtheoptimumstrategy
forthegeographicalsituationofwetlands，atypICalholisticapproacllWheretheentire

ItishisideathatgoodecoIoglCalmodels
51】OuJdbebasedonsoundknowledgeabout
theecosystemsandthereforethereshould
be an interaction between models andecosystemtheoryandviceversa．Models
COuldbeusedtotestanewhypothesisin
SyStemSeCOlogyandecologlCaltheories
should be used to make our model more

ecological．
Recentlyhehasdevelopedwhatiscalled
struCturaldynamicmodels byuseofthela〔estdeve】opmeヱ1亡Of地ermodynamicsin
ecosystem theqry・Tllis type ofmodel
attemptstoaccountforchangesinspecies
COmPOSitlOnarldthechangesintheproper−
tiesofecosystems whichdiffers fromthe
normalecologlCalmodels▲neSearerigid
andcannotconsiderthecurrentchangesin
thepropertleSOftheecoIoglCalcomponents
W最cbwedoknowとakep】且Ce．mj5け匹Of
modelhasbeen used on ten casestudies，
fiveofwhichwereconcernedwitl11akes．

Mr．John WhiteLaw
nefolユowユngqUPtei5故en舟0皿土山epre㍊
release provided by UNEP s Executive
Director s office on the announcementof
thenewDirectorofUNEP−

Ⅰampleasedtoannouncetheappointment
OfMr．JohnⅥ勒ilelaw as血e new Di∫eCtOr
Of UNEPIsInternationalEnvironmental

Techno】口ByCentre（JBTC），inJapan，ProfessorJ卯■genSenisEditor−in−Chiefof
HebringstothispositlOneXtenSiveexperi−
EcologicalModellingandhaspublishedence
in straregic planning, policy analysis
morethan200paperswithmorethan60％
andmanagementofenvironmentalissuesat
inrefereedjournals・lieisabusyauthoras
national，reglOnalandinternationallevels．
be上】aSWriはem，e〔】itedDrCD−edited36b〔）Oks．
Hisdistinguishedcareerspansaperiodof
Hisfourmostimportantrecentbooksare
20years，markedbypositlOnSinadvisory
一HandbookofEcologicalParametersand
CqPaCitytoministersandheadsoforganiza−
EcotoxicoIogy （toge也erwithtwocowork−ers）， Handbook of Ecologicaland tionsandhasextensiveknowledgeininteト
nationalnegotlatlOnSPrOVenbyhiselection
EnvironmentalModeling （togetherwith〔0亡he Cllairof王三xecu〔Ⅳe Comm拍ee of
two coworkers），Fundamentals ofMultllateralFundoftheMontrealProtocol．
EcologicalModellingandIntegrationof
Especially relevant to this post is Mr.
Ecosystem：TheoryaPattern．
Whitelaw■sexperiencewiththeJapanese
Governmenton」Ointscienceandtechnolo−
isstrongengagementinecologlCal

H

modeⅢng can beseerl丘0爪his
listofpapers，Ofwhichmorethan

gyprogl、ammeS・■■

Mr，Whi（elaw started his careerwitlltlle
60％focusoれmOdeldevelopmentsand
Auぶ加】ねnGoverrにnel】f，Fmm1972101987
modelproblems・Heflndsalsoteachingln
modellingverylmPOrtantaShehasglVlng heheldpositlOnSinthePrimaryIndustries，
mode11ingcoursesin26countriesonsix EnvironmentandScienceDepartmentscov−
erlngSuChareasasAntarcticoperations，COntinents・ItisnotsurprlSlngtOhearhim
Australia smeteorologyprogramandinter−nationalsciencecooperatlOn・Af［erllOlding
Variousotherposts，SinceFebruary1996．he
ProfessorJ＠rgenseniscurrentlyvisiting
PrOfessor at the Research Center for WaSbasedinGenevaasspecialadvisorto
EnvironmentaIquality Control，Kyoto the EスeCutive Director ofUNEP on the
evolvingchemicalagenda，
University，Japan．
Oftencalled Mr・EcologicalModellingM▲

ProfessorJorgensen

Water，WatereVeryWhere，bu
byMishaDatta
includingLosAngeles，arebeingabatedby
headlonglntOincreasingtheeconomic
theutlllSatlOnOfwaterinitia11ylntended氏）r
growtllrate at almost any prlCe・
resourcespreservation，Agenda21at
farm汀rlgatlOn▲
Unfort11natelyaswith anytypeofgaln，Ⅰ the Rio deJaneiro Earth Summit
Shorttermismoreappealingthanlongterm（UNCED1992）ca11edfor continuouscon−
Constraints onfoodprodlユCtlOnrelatlng tO
troIofthesources，VOlume，flowandquali− and．whenitcomes to waterresources theWatermanifestthemselvesinotherways・
inevitabilityofthistypeOfcounterproduc−tyofthewatersandofthehumanactlVitleS
Offshore．difficultiesinthefishingindus−
that affectthem ，Aswithmanyofthe tivitycanah■eadybeseen・Inthepastfive
try，CauSedbybothwaterpollutionandthe
OtherobjectivesconcernlngglobalisslIeS．it yearswehaveseenanongolngeXpanSion
fact that fisheries are being exploited
OfagrlCult11reandofhumansettlements，
SeemSeVidentthattheworld sgovernments
beyond theircapaclty．arenOthelping to
blItgrOWthsofthiskindalsonecessitate aarefailingln theirimplementationoftheaidonshoreshortages byexpandingfood
greaterdemandforwaterforbotheconomr
Agenda saⅢ1S▲
icand generallivingpurposeswhichour
Supply．
PreSentreSOurCeSSimplycannotcaterfor・Itis estimated that more than two milliorl
Compoundedbythefactthattheincreas
deaths ayearhave theirorlglnSin water
hasin turn caused water diversions，it
SCarCity andpollution．However，Cleanup
seems仏紙insomeareas，WaterSupplylS
not far off from crisis，Indeed Professor OPerationsinmanyCOuntneS areOftentoo
expensivetoevencontemplate・Inthese
Biswasin his concllユding remarks atthe
CaSeS，thefactthatitmakesgoodeconomic∋ ShigaInternationalForumOnWaterlast、

nits treatment of theissue ofwater

yearwentfurtherbysaylng eVerybody
agreesthatthereisnowaglobalwatercri−
Sis，andthatthiscrisisislikelytobecome
moreserious duringlhenext20to50
years■■，

sense to maintain the naturalhabitatis not

SimplybeinglgnOredbutisbeingtreatedas
ani皿pOSSibili【y■However，theeconomics
Canbeexploited，forexampleinNewYork
City，withitspopulation oftenmillion，ruralwatersheds aroundreservoirs areused

Springandsumrnerof1996sawthesetting
Ofrecordhighsin worldwheatand cornPricesLAtthcs（artoftheyear sharvest，theamol］ntSOfgrain1eftintheworld sgrain

tocleansethewatersupplytothecity，COSt−
ingonlyatenthofthe＄7billionwhich
WOuldbe necessaryto commencewater
treatmentprOCeSSeS・bins were at theirlowestrecordedlevel，nanagewhere naturalhumanrepro−
misclassicexampleofaneverincreaslng
ductionishavingsevererepercussions
demandexceedingsupplyisdl】einpartto
Ⅰ On【hevery finebalance ofnature，athescarcityoffreshwaterforirrlgatlOn・chain ofevents orrather avicious circleis
Theamo11ntOfwaterneededforgermina−
beingcreatedbytheinter−1inklngOfavariL
tlOniscomparativelyphenomenalandcom−
moditiesincludingpork，POultry，beef，eggS etyofissuesfromwaterscarcitythroughtofood shortageandwaterpollutlOn・Itgoes
andbeerarea11dependentongrainproduc−
withoutsaylng thatworld governments
Should beimplementingtheo叫ectivesof
theAgenda，butatthis stagein asociety
World−Wide，OurPrlnCIPalfoodproducing
gonetoofar，OneCanunderstandhowtheareas，SuChastheGreatPlainsintheuS，，
economic strains needed to achieve what
andmuchofIndiaandChina，areSeelng
huge depletion in water supply. Irrigated WOuldultlmatelybeaneconomicgood，areareasinmgoragrlCulturalstatesintheU，S， far greater than most governments would
likeorcanafford．Progress towardsasus−
havebeen seeing asteady andworrylng
tainablesocietythroughmeetingtheobJeC−
declineinirrlgated areas for some time
tivesoftheAgendamustbeachieved，butit
COmeS at aPrlCe；a PrlCe WemuStlook
towardpaylng nOW OrWillno doubtbe
In viewofuniversalwater supplyprob−
1ems，irrlgationis becominglmCreaSillgly PuShedinto paylng atSOmePOintin the
future．
difficultLWatershortagesinmanycities，
11い11Crisis？WhatCrisis？
SinceRio．theworldpopulatlOnhasseenan
increase of450mi11ion・NotsurprlSing
therefore that governmentswi11chargenOW．

Ibaralci

Major lLEC Activities over the
12 monthss

PreV10uS

TheIbarakiPrefecturalGovernmentis
SpOnrmg血eIba止iKsul∫Awd

n．

7−9AllguSt1996−1stTrainingCourseo
EnvironmentalEdl】Cation（Chiang Mai

KasumlgauraAward

PossiblythemostimportantmeetlngOfthe

Thailand）

A short training course attended byyProfessorKawashimaofShigaUniverslt
andMr．KashiroofILEC．PartlCIPantSfromyPhilipplneS，ThailandandJapanexchangedto be presented at the7thWorld Lake
Conference，L益car 97．Thegovernment s
Statedobjectivesinpresentingthisaward
are to support the participation at theConferenceofresearchersfromdeveloplng
nations，tO COntributeto the exchangeof
information and the advancement ofresearch and technological developmenl
related to the conservation oflake environ−ments，andtomake aninternationalcontri−
butiontodeveloplngnations・To be eligible forthe award，Candidatcs
mustbefromcountriesorreglOnSincluded
on thelist of assistanceisslled by theOrganisationforEconomicCooperationand
Development・Fl】rthermore．candidates
mustpresenttheresultsoftlleirresearchor
activities at the World Lake Conference，
L岳car 97，

ParticipantsatthelstTrainingCourseonEnvironmental
EducationinChiangMai，Thai［andidcas andinformation on theteaching ofenvironmentalscienceinscllOOIs，relatedstories）．

＄−9January1997r2ndTrainingCourse
On EnvironmentalEd11Cation（Pattani，
4・5NoYemberlタ， −Workshopon Lake¶l鋸1and）
Marlagement（Aれtaけa，Turkey）
This course followed on from the ist
This Workshop was organised hy ILEC
TrainingCourseheldinChiangMai（SewithfundsfromtheJapaneseEnvironment
Agency・Some12to13proressionalsgave above）．Some30participantsattended，with
ILEC being represented by Professor
papersonlakes，reSerYOirsandwetlandsin
Turkey. ILEC was represented by Mr.

Kawasllima．

Shimazu，andMr．FukadafromtheShiga
20Janl）ary−19March1997−JICAIILEC
PrefecturalGovernment．ThisworkshopIS
TrainingCourseon LakeWaterQuality
acontinulngPr？JeCtdealingwithdevelop−
Management（Japan）
ingcountriesLPreviouscountriesthathave
A totaloflO students from around theParticIPatedin this kjnd ofworkshop
WOrldattendedthenowfirmlyes（ablishedinclude the PhilipplneS，Indonesia and
COurSeOnWaterQuality・Read atrainee s
India，
viewpolntOfthecourseonpage3・Papers submitted to Lhe Canference will
first be screened by the Argentine
Organising CommitteeandrecIPlentSWilltllenbechosenbytheSelectionComnit【ee打omthepapersthatpassthefirstscreenlng・
No special procedures are necessary toapplyfortheaward・
AmaximumoflO awards willbe glVen
whichwillconsistofanawardcertificate．a
trophyand500，000JapaneseYen・Awin−
nl爪greSearCllteamWillreceiveoneawal●d・
TheAwardceremonywillbeheldaspartof
the Opening Ceremony of World Lake
Confcrence．The Award willbe withdrawn
ifthewinnlngPaPerisnotpresentedatthe
Conrerence．AwardwinneTSWillbeno【ified

bytheGovcrnoroflbaraklPrefecturer
For furtllerinformation on tlle Awal■d，pleasecontact：

ヱ5．27 Novemberl，，6−Imtern且tional

PLEAforBOOKS andPERIODICALS
TlleILECSecretariatwouldliketohear
什omyouifyouIlaYeanybooksorperi−
odicalstllatyOlIWOⅦldliketodonatetotlleILECLibrary．Wewouldbe happy
to send youILEC p11blicationsin

exchange．Donations willbe gladly
acceptedfrominst血tionsandindiYidu−
als．Contact11S by mail／phoneノーax oremailattheaddre∬e5glYenOmtherimal
page・

LakeKasumlgauraWa（erPollutionControI
Division，IbarakiPrefecturalGovernment，
ト5−38Sannomaru，
Mi10，
Ibaraki 310
Japan
Tel：＋81−29224−6905
Faxニ＋8ト29233−2351

⊥．・l人ソ∴ゝりFT〃／：■llイ）〃⊥／−）

ALookatFiveWaterBodiesinArgentina
newesternsectionopensuplntWOarmS
Envi1●OnmentProgramme．whichprovides
runnlngnOrthandsouth．Thelatter，Canal
systematicgeographic，limnologlCal，SOCior
nextWorIdLake Conference，iseconomic and environmental informaliondelos Timpanos （Floes Channel），isavastcountrycoverlngSOme2・7
wider andmore tortuous；itrisesin Punta
onthe world smain naturalandman−mademillionkm2，Thedifferencesinclimate，Banderas and is bounded on the north andlakes．The ArgentineanDatabookis anhydrology，geOmOrphologyandeconomic
ambitious project in response to such
SOuth bytheAvellaneda and Magal1anes
developmentglVerisetoavarietyofenvi−
Peninsulas．Along the Canaldelosencouragement・Itis the firststage ofaronmentalconditionsforthelargenumber
Timpanos ，thereisadepressionoccupied
largerprq］eCtWhich seeks topromotethe
Oflakesandreservoirsinthecountry・
generation，dissemination and the useof bytheAmeghino Glacier，SeParatedfrom
Itis unfortunate that basicinformation on basic environmental data on the lakes and thelakebyastretchofstonyva11eyformed
those conditions and on the water bodies reservoirsinArgentina・Wehopetokeep bytheretreatoftheglacier・The Canalde
los T6mpanos is blocked off by the
ILEC Newsletterreadersinformed on thethemselvesislacking．Thatisnotto say
advanceofthegreaticemassofthePerito
PrOgreSSOftheseprojectsin山efuture．Buttha（research activities ormanagement
ontothelakesthemselves…
MorenoGlacier，actions have notbeen undertaken onlakes

Argentina，tllellOStnation of血e

arldreservoirs，JuStthattheinformation
availableis neither extensive nor continu▼
ous．However，With the L丘car 97
Conference」uStSixmonthsawaythisediL
tionof LakesoftheWorld 【akesalookaL

ago Argentinoislocatedinthe
Los Glaciares

NationalPark，

whichin1981was declared amonlImentOfNaturalWorld Heritage by

Its main affluent is the La Leona River
which risesin Lake Viedma，Other rela−
tivelyimportant tributaries are［heCentinelaandFrfasrivers．Theoutletisthe

Lago Argentino
the UNESCO．It has a surface area of
SantaCruzRiver，Whichemptiesinthe
five Argentinean water bodies−Lago
Argentino，LagoMusters，LagoColll116l．466km2andavolumeof219，900106m3，AtlanticOcean．
Thelake can be dividedinto two sectlOnS
Huapi．Laguna Mar Chiquita andas delimited by the eastern end of theLake M11SterS has a surface area of414
EmbalseSaltoGrande．
Avellaneda Peninsula. It is sunounded by km2andavolumeof8，280106m3．Itflows
hillsexceeding2，500minheightwiththe
into LakeColhu畠Huapithrough an arm
Mostoftheinformationpresentedhereis
WeSternSeCtionsubdividedinto aseriesof
called Falso Senguerr. In spite of its
taken from the Databook of Lakes andChannelsandsmallbays・Theeasternsecr
dimensions，i［does not affect the climate
Reserv口irsofArgentina−Cat孟logode
tlOnis characteristlC Df terminal Andean
Ofthearea；infact，ithasthelargestther−LagosyEmbalsesdelaArgentina・ILEC
lakes：itsconfigurationresemblesatrollgh malamplituderecordedinArgentina．
enc口urageSCOuntriestoundertakesurveys
extendinginto abroad bedwithregularSimi1artothatofitsSurveyoftheStateof
Shorelinessurroundedbyterracedplateaus▲ Through an aqueductbuiltin1966，theWorld Lakes−apublicatlOnPrOducedinlakesuppliesdrinkingwatertoanumberof
COOPeration with the United Nations

6

citleSlocatedon也ePatagonianCoaston directionto dischargeinto theChubut
River，butlow water conditionsin thethe Atlantic Ocean，Thelakeis used for
1930sledtodunesbeingformed，blocking
bothsportsandcoInmerCialfishing，With
Offpassageto theoutlet・Flowsintothe
thelatteraccountlngforsome120tonnes
ChicoRiverendedin1939．
Offishperannum・
Towards the end of the summer Lake
Musters exhibits agreatsaturationdeficit
ofdissoIvedoxygeninthehypolmlnion・It
isclassifiedasamesotrophiclakebecause
ofits nutrientand chlorophyl11evelsand
its algae biomass.

0

CCuPylngalargeshallowdepres−sionofs【ructl汀alandeolicorlgln，Lake Colh11占Ht）apihas asimip

1arclimatetothatofLakeMusters，Ithasa

surfaceareaof810km2andavolumeof
l，620106m3Llnthepastitswatersfedthe
Chico River，Which ranin a south−nOrth

Thelakehashadanegativewaterbalance
overthe secondhalfofthis centuryand
there are extensive coastalquagmires・
Between 1984 and 1989 evaporation
reduced血elake swaterlevelbyl・1m・Due toprogressivedesiccation andcon−
centratlOn Ofsalts，thezooplanktonbio−
massgrowswhilediversitydiminishes・lts
highlyturbidwatersarerichinfishwithcommercialfishingyielding aboutlOO
tonnesoffishperannum・Thelakeisof
SPeCialinterestforthepresenceofthreeal】tOChthonousspecies，themostimportant＼

being percadebocagrande （PeTrichthysC（肋〃ピー加平∽血）・

LakeMarChiquita，inthenortheastern
PartOftheProvinceofC6rdoba，hasasur
faceareaofl，984bn2andavolumeof
14，4B3106m3．Itsmaintnbutariesare山eSuqufaandXanaesrivers，Whichdraininto
it from the south and the Dulce River，
whichcontributesthelargestvoll】mefrom
thel10r山，Thelakeischaracterisedbylargewater
1evelfluctuations．Inthe1970sand1980s，
forinstance，山ere was a considerable
increaseinthelake s waterlevel；between
March1977andFebruary1979alone，its
averagelevelrosebymorethan2m・
TheSaItoGrandebinationalhydroelec−
triccomplex on the UruguayRiverhas
been built upstream of the cities ofConcordia（Argentina）and Salto（UILuguay）．Though designedmainlyfor
POWergeneration，itisalsousedforwater
SuPPlyandnavlgatlOn・Withasurfaceareaof783km2andaYOlumeor5，000106m3，
theconstruCtionofthereservoil◆required
the relocation of an urban settlement of

SOme20，000inhabitants，faunarescue
activities，deforestatlOn Ofthe areas to be
Submerged，anddelimitationofprotected
areaS，

hereservoirナsmainproblemissed−T

imentation，aSareSultofaccelerat−
edsoilerosionofthevastplains
upstreamofthelakeduringtheralnySea−
son．In that area【here are sevel■alsettle−

mentsandagrlCulturalactivitiesarecarried
out．Despiteforestationactivitiesinareas
aroundthereservoir，theproblemstillperT
sists．Duetoitsconfiguration，thelakehas
differentiated trophic conditions・
Accordingtoitschlorophylla‖concentra−
tions，itcanbeconsideredasoligotrophic−
mesotrophic：yet，its totalphosphorous
concentratians correspond to a iligher

Do yo1111aYe SOmething to say
abouty（IurIake？TheLakesoftheWorldseriesisaregularfeatureor
tlleILECNewsletter and we wd−
come contriblltionsfromourread−

Locationol＝thefivewaterbodies

ers．Please sendyollrarticle withphotographs to tlle ILEC
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For也comlr唱Events

NewPublications
Lakes＆Reservoirs・ResearchandManagement・Volume2，ksllel／2，Marcll〃unel！）， ．

ANSWERり7

IntermationalSymposiumonANewStrategyrorWater
EnvironmentalReseardl，1997

ILEC sJournalgrowsinstaturewitheverypublication・Thislatestissuecontainssome12featurearticlesand one

meme：Howcanwesavelakesandriversfromprogres−reviewarticle．Subjectsdealtwithinclude‖Abatementof
acidificationin mininglakesin Germanyl ，and
LimnologicalregionalizationofMexico l．

20−25July，1997．

siveenviTOnmentaldeterioration？
Shanghai．

Directrict！SparaLaGesti6ndeLagos・VoltlmeSl−5
Contact：Ms．MichikoNakagawa，

and7．

LakeBiwaRcsearchIllStitutc，

The Spanish version of the Guidelines of Lake
MaIlageme11thavebcellPublished and，in somecases

Fax：＋81−775−2（）−4803

reprinted，tOCOincidewith山eWorldLakesConferenceto

Email：kumagai＠1bri．go．jp

1−10Uchidchama，0しSu520，Shiga，Japan．

beheldinArgentina．
AtlasofRussianWetlands：BiogeographyandMetalCALLFORPAPERS：
The7thInternationalConferenceonLakes

ConservationandMan；lgement．
Concentrations．A．V，Zhulidov，J．V．Headley，R．D．
Robarts，A．M．NikanorovandA．A．Ischellko．Natiollal
26−310ctobcr，1997（Sixdays）
Hydro10gyResearchInstitute，EnvironmentalCanada，
SanMartilldclosAndes，ProvinciadeNeuquen，
Saskatoon，SK，Canada．

Argentina．
Officiallanguages：SpanishandEnglish（Simultaneous
Areferencebook o11Russiacontainlnginformationnot
previouslyavai1ableirlEnglish．GivesdetaileddescriptlOnS血erpretationprovidcd）
OfthebiogeographyandgeologyofRussiaandtheconcen−
ScssionsirlClude：trationsofcadmium，COpper，1ead，merCuryandzincinthe

LakeWaterResourcesAssessmentandMonitorlng；
ManagemelltOfLakcFrcshwaterResources；alldwetlands．

SustaillableUtilizationofLakes
FreshwaterQuality：DefiningtheIrLdefinable？P．J．
BoonalldD．L．Howell（eds．）ISBNOl1495754．The
Dcadlincrorsubmissionofpapers：30June1997
StationaryOffice，Edinburgh，Scotland．

Basedon aconferenceorganisedbytheScottishNatural

Contact：ComisionOrganizadoraL且car 97
AutopistaEzeiza−Canuelas，Heritage，itsetsouttoexaminetheconceptof■1quality infreshwaters．Thebooksgivesanup−tO−dateaccountofcur−
rentinterpretations oftheterm‖freshwaterquality，TramoJorgeNewberyKml，620

describingarangeoftechlliquesforevaluatingqualityL

Tel：＋54−1−480−9219 Fax：＋54−1−480−0433

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