lSSN O912−7410

No．7 SEPTEMBER1988．ヽ †Jけ．ヾ．リJTて1†Jノ†？
JⅣ相月〃ATJOMエエd∬E EⅣW月0Ⅳ〟EⅣT CO〟〟Jr7 EE FO【〃ゾかA7 JOⅣ
一For Better Lake Management−This New＄Ietteris also availabIeinJapanese，

lNTERNAT10NAL TRAINING COURSE FOR LAKE／WATERSHED MANAGEMENTIN CHINA
AnlnternationalTralningCor＄eOntheManagementof
lakesandtheirwatershedswa＄heldfromJuly25thto

tionalSociety of Theoreticaland AppIied Limnology

August12thin KunmingCity（Yunnan Province，China），
wherearestrationschemeforheavl］ypo‖uted Dian−Chi

This wasILEC s first substantialcontribution to a
training coLJrSe OutSideJapan・Three rLEC members，
Prof＄．T．Goda，S，E．Jorgensen andT．Kira，Were SenttO
theCourseastrainers．ThetopicsoftheirIectureswere：
Dr．Kira（JLJly25thto29th） Anintroductiontorecent
StUdiesontheenvironmentofLakeBiwa，Japan
Dr．J8rgenSen（Augustlstto5th）1．Fundamentalsof
Eco10glCalMode ing
Dr．Goda（August8th to12th） Monitoring andmeasurableindicesforwaterresource manage−

Lakeisgoingtobelaunched．TheCorsewasorganizedby the CMnese Academy of EnvironmentalScience＄（CRAES）in Beijingw旺hthelnternationalLake Envjron−
mentCommittee（lLEC）Foundation astheco−SPOnSOr．
Fifty−foLJrParticipantsconsistedmain［yofenvironmen−
talenglneerS and admistrator＄from thelocalgovern−ments of Kunming City，Yunnan Province and other
PrOVincesa overChina，a＄We as researchersfrom

CRAES and severalChinese universities，Two trainees
fromThailand（onefromNationalEnvironmentBoardandthe other frorTIChula10ngkorn University）also partici−
Patedinthecour＄ethroughthesupportoftheInterna−（SIL）．

ment

Case studies on severalChineselake＄ Were also
PreSented by the trainees and discussed during the
Tratning Course．

Participants of the training cotJrSein Kunming（Thisnewsletterpublishedwith＄UPPOrtfromtheJapan畠hipbuildinglndustryFoundation）

THE2ND EXPERT GROUP WORKSHOP ON RIVER／LAKE BASIN
APPROACHES TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND MANAGEMENTRESOURCES
OF WATER（4）Delineation and anaIys‡s of water resources man−
The Second Expert Group Workshop on River／Lakeagementissues and probler71Sin a region−SPeCific
Basin Approaches to EivironmentalIy Sound Manage−
SOCioeconomicand physicalenvironmentalcontext
mentofWaterResources：FocusonPolicyResponsesto
Ontheba＄i＄Ofcasestudiespreparedbyco aborat−
WaterResources Managementlssueswi11be heIdfrom
1nginstitutions and experts；and
16to25January1989in Bangkokand HatYai，Thailand（5）ldentificationofstrategiesforpromotingmanpower
underthejointauspICeSOftheUnitedNationsCentrefor
RegionalDevelopment（UNCRD），thelnternationaILake
deveIopmentin the field of water resourcesmanagement．
Environment Committee（ILEC）．the United Nations
Environment PrograrTlme（UNEP），and the NationaI
Main problem domains pointed outin case study
Environment Board（NEB）．Government of Thailandin
reports．etc．，include the fo＝owlng：
associationwith ChuIaIongkorn University，Bankok，and （1）Environmentalandsocialeffectsofwaterresources
deve10Pment SCheme．
the prince of Songkla University．Hat Yai，Thailand・（2）Environmentaland socialproblems re＄ulting from
The purpose of the workshopIS：
Water−land useinterlaces．
（1）To review the findings of the second−yearCaSe
StUdiesand related resourcepapersundertakenby（3）conflicts among competing water uses and users
With respect to water quantity and／or quality
CO aboratinglr）＄titutions and experts；
requtrements．
（2）To examine strategies and approaches to water
resources development and managementin a
Based on the above，mOre detailed studyis consi，
dered to be necessary for practicalsettlement ofriver／lake basin context with specialfocus on
institutional and organizational arrangements in
PrOlems of water resources at the2nd seminar．
Forthis purpose，fol10Wing points on policy subjects
Which management strategies and poIICyinstru−
ments are formulated andimpIemented；anda「e sugge＄ted；〈subjects of the second seminar〉（3）Tosuggest．onthebasisoftheworkshopdelibera−
tions，an OPerationalframework for deveTopIng（1）whatpolicyactionshavebeentakentorespondto
the water resources
CurricuIa and material＄ that can be adopted by
PrOblens（ParticularIythoseindentified and analy−
deve10Plng COuntries for trainlng deveIopment
Zed bythecasestudiesinthefirstyear）interms ofPlanners and water resources manager＄・
management strategies，POlicy tooFs andin＄truT
Thisstudyseminarprogramcommencedin1988as
ments for putting the strategleSinto effect，and
3−year PrOJeCt，and this seminarwillbe held duringits＄eCOnd year．This programis specia y planned forinstitutiona［and organizationalarrangements for
POlicy formulation andinlPlenentation？
deve10Ping nations，aimln9at disc？USSlng the effective（2）H？W and to what extent has environmentalandmanagementofwaterresourcesandattrainlngSPeCial−
ists，aStherapidprogressofpo＝utioninlakesandrivers，
SOCialasses＄mentinformation been reflected atthe
avaluable source offresh water，has become aseriou＄
Varioussta9eSOfwaterresourcesdeveIopmentand
PrOblem throughout the world．As has atready been
management（bothatthestagesofplanformulation
reportedinthepreviousissue（NewsIetterNo．6），thefirstand implementation）？ What procedures andmechanisms have been adopted？
SeminarwasheldinOtsuandNagoyalastFebruary，With
approximately40participantsfrom14nationsand2UN（3）whatin＄titutonaland organizationalarrangements
Organizations．
have been adopted to facilltate the integration of〈Aim of the second＄erTlinar〉
軒ヤー予．こモ
Atthe second seminar，PrObIemsin poIICy
making wiIlbe discussedin more detail，
based on the resu］ts of the fast seminar．
At the first seminar，reaPPraisa10f the
StruCtureOfvariousprobIemsregardingwater
resourcesmanagementindeve10Plngnation
bytaking basinsinto account was stressed，SincealargerLumberoftheseproblenlShave
beencaused byrapidregionaldeve10Pment．
Subjects discussed at thi＄Seninar were：（1）The need for，and the rationale of，ariver／lake ba＄in approach to water re−
SOurCeS deve］opmentand management；（2）The applicability of river／lake basin
approachestoland andwaterresources
deve10Pment and management；（3）AnalysisofissuesandprobLem＄invoIved
in the efforts tointegrate environmental
and socialconcernsinto the proce＄S Of
Water reSOurCeS deve10Pment and man−agement；
LakeSongkla

2

land−uSe decisions with water resources manage−ment？
d（4）How and to what extent have coflicts a＄＄OCiate
With water use and a ocation been mitigated d an
resoIved？ What strategEeS，POlicy tooIs an dmechanisms have been used？
（5）what mechanisms have been adoptedtofaciIitate
10Calcommunity participationin the proce＄S O
Water reSOurCeS management？
（6）whathavebeenthemajoranticipatedandunanticiqdPated consequences ￣eCOnOrnic，SOCial，anPOliticaI−Ofwater resources nlanagement POllCy
f

Ve10pment SChemes：−Saguling Dam andits watershed（lndonesia）−RoboTBroa reservoirindits watershed（Brazil）−Lake Biwa andits basin（Japan）
b）casestudiesonpolicyresponsestoenvironmentaIand sociaJproblems resulting from water−fand use
inter†aces：−Dian−ChiLake andits basin（China）−Winam GuIf of Lake Victoria andits watershed（Kenya）−YahagiRiver Basin（Japan）
C）case studies on poLjcy responses to conflictsin
Water USe and allocation：e什0「tS？
−Lagunaしake（P柚ippine5）〈Tentativeprogran for the2nd Seminar〉−Songkla Lake（Thaifand）
Theseminarwi be heIdfromJanuary16to25，1989，−Kasumigaura Lake（Japan）
The duration．is somewhat＄horter than that of thelas
Seminar．The seminar program，Workshopprogramme（tentat弓Ve）
PartI：16−21January1989，Bangkok．Thailar［dShownin the attached table．is
Y ■ ThParLⅡ：23−25January1989，HatYai．Thailand
renovated mainly on the fo owlng
Afternoon
Morning
PO川t＄：
EveningDate（13：30−16：000r17：00）（8：30−12：00）（1）Theseminarwi bedividedinto
Arriva10foverseasparticipants
two parts．The first part，Which S15
M16
Openin95e＄Sion（Pa「tI）
Wi be held fromJanuary16to
General theme papers
Recept弓0∩
Keynote＄PeeChe＄
21in Bangkok，COmPrlSeS main−
T17 Theme I resource paper
Casestudy「epo「l1yca＄e＄tudyrepo「tsforgeneral
Case study reports
Discussion
discussion suitable for the task
W18
Theme、I［resourcepaper
Casestudyreport
Of this seminar．1n the second
Casestudyrepor（sDiscussion
Parl，Whichwi beheFdinHatYai
T19 ThemeⅡresourc（きPaPer
Casestudyreport
fromJanua「y 23 to 25，Water
Casestudyrepo佃；Discusslon
resouces management wi beF2（】 Workinggroup（WG）
WorkinggTOUP（WG）
discussed morein detaiI，taking
Presenta 0nanddiscussion
Lake Songkhla as an exanlPle．
OfWGreports（2）9CasestudieswiIlbecIassified
Closing of part I
into 3 categories according to
FieIdvisit
S21
PrOblemdomam，andpresented
S22
MovetoHatYai（＊）
to orientate and deve10P PraC−
WGsession
M23 Openingse＄Sion（partI）
tical discussion with relevant
Review papers I
ReviewpapersI
generalreports（resource pap−
Reviewpaper＄Ⅱ
ers）
WGse＄＄ion
Fieldvis竜t】nandaroundSongkIaLake
T24
Case studies are．al10tted to
Presentationanddiscussion
W25 WGsession
each probIem domain as fol−0†WGrepo「lstows：
CIosing（partI）
a）case studieson policyrespon−
Departureofoverseasparticipants
T26
SeS tO enVi「onmentaland＄OCial（＊）Par（icipantswhow lnottakepartinpartⅡbftheworkshopwillleaveBangkokon
effects of water resources de−Sunday．22January1989．
t

THE 6TH lWRA WORLD CONGRESS ON WATER RESOURCES
The6thlWRA World Congress on Water Resources
WaS held on a grand scale at the Ottawa Con9re＄＄Center，†ocated approximatelyln the center ofOttawa，Canada，during6days from May29toJune3，1988．
This Congressis anintemationalconference whichhasbeenheld
fororganizationsfrommanynation＄intere＄tedinvarious
aspects ofwater resources deveIopmentand manage，
ment．

advanced nations met at the meeting．
Onthisoccasion，a pa「ticipant＄learnedagreatdeal
by comnunicating their experience to each other，
making presentations，etC．
Representatives oflLEC attended this congress．
This formalintroduction．made possibIe through thekind offices of UNEPand those concerned，tOOk place
during a speciaIUNEP session， Sustainabte Water
Resources Deve10Pmenl， on the afternoon of May31（Tueさ．）．
Duringthi＄COngreSS，havingthethemeof WateTand
Forthis occasion．Prof．Saburo Matsui，a member ofWorld Deve10Pment ，an aCtive exchange of oplnions
thelLECScientificcommittee，rePOrtedonthecircumstT
took plase duringthekeynotespeech，the presentation
ances whichled to the establishment oflLEC and the
Ofpaper＄，theqeneraLlmeetingandonotheroccasions・Objectivesandact亭vitieso‖LEC，andurgent（yrequested
Nearly 600 participants from var亭ou＄ fieJds ￣en−glneerS，Planners，SCientists，COnSuttant＄，＄tudents．SUPPOrtand cooperation forfuturelLEC activities■fromthelarge numberin attendance．
industrialists，etC．− and from both deve10Ping and3

Thisprojecthasbeenplannedandpromotedtoprovide
ba＄icandimportantinformationonworldlakesandtheirdrainagebasins．Thi＄PrOJeCt WaS born toinherit andAspartofthejointproJeCtOfUNCRD．［LECandUNEP，
furthertheaimwhichwascompiledoftheDataBookof
NRiver／Lake basinApproachto EnviromnentallySound
World Lakes bythe Lake Biwa Researchlnstitute andManagementwaterResource｛，UNCRDand［LEc＄ent
the NationallnstituteforResearchAdvancement（MRA）
amissiontothePhilipplneSandTha‖andfrorTIAugustlO
for the Shiga Conference ′84 0n Conservation and
to19．
Management of the World Lake Environment・
The rTlission participatedin seminars heldin tho＄e
The objective＄Of the proJeCtinclude the fol10WLng：
COUntriesontheresearchinthe＄eCOndyearofthejoint（1）preparationofadatabookonthepresentstateof
PrOJeCt，atWhichmeetingstheaim，focus，detailsetc・Of
UNCRD／ILEC OVERSEAS MISS10N！akes
CaSe Studies were discus＄ed．AIso，the mission con−
To co ectdata，queStionnaireswereSenttO reSear−
ducted scientific research on Lake Laguna
Chersandadmini＄trativeorgansinvariouscountrieswho
PhilipplneS，Lake Songklain Thailand and reglOnS
COuIdbeexpectedtoprovideinformation．However，a＄
SurrOunding theselakes・
Organizationswhjchprovideinformationareunknownin
MissionmembersfromJapanconsi＄tedofDr．Kenichj
manycases，PerSOnnelofthesecretariathavealsobeen
Nakagami，AssistantProfessoroftheBusinessAdminis−
SenttOgatherinformationonthescene・Dataco［Iectedtration Faculty ofOsaka Sangyo University，Mr・Hideo
Harasawa，SeniorRe＄earCheroftheNationaIlnstitLJtefor COVernOtOnlygeographicalandscientificaspect＄，but
also a wide range of socioeconomic aspects such as
EnvironmentalStudies and four other members．Those
Water utilization and treatment．As has already been
Whoparticipatedinthemission sactivitiesincludedMs・
D．N．Nepomuceno，managerOftheProjectPlannLngand reported，datefor＄eVerallakeshavebeencompiledintoa LooseIeaf preliminary publication・
Deve10Pment Division of the Laguna Deve10Pment（2）preparationofacata10gOnthegen8ralconditionof
Authority；M＄．V．Espaldon．Research A＄SOCiate oftheIake＄lnstitLJteOfEnvironmentalScierlCeandManagement，theThereare2531argelakeswith＄Urfaceareasofmore
Univer＄ityofPhilippines（Los Bano＄）；Mr．A．Suphapo−
than 500kn弓in the world．For most of theselakes，
dok，DeputySecretaryGer［era10fthe NationalEnViron−
however，thebreadthofavailabledataisnotsufficientto
mentalBoard，Thailand；andProf，S．Sotthibandhu，Deanincludeintheabove−mentioneddatabook．Accordingly，OftheGraduateSchool，thePrinceofSongklaUniversity，
material＄ have been collected to prepare a simpLeThailand．
Catalog showlng the mostbasic data，Forthjs cata10g，dataco11ectionjointlywiththeCanadaCentreforlnIand
Waters（CCIW）is also planned，aS there are a great
numb8r Oflake＄in Canada．
（3）Case study on environmentalconseⅣation
Though the above−nentioned data book shows the
PreSent＄ituationoflakes，theMstoryand effectivenessOfmeasuresforenvironmentalconservationcanonlybe
understoodviaamorein−depthtreatmentofthe
Accordingly，We have asked researchers and admini＄−
trator＄aCguainted with particular cases to make caseStudies on environmentalconservation for alimited

numberoflakes．Repor（Shavealready been madefor＄8Verallakes，including Lake Karibain Zimbabwe andLake Balatonin Hungary．
PREPARAT10N OF THE GUIDELINE BOOKS

Attheseminars，CaSeStUdyteamsofthe PhiIipplneS， The G山det弓ne Book No．1 Princ叩Ies of LakeManagement i＄nOWinthela＄tStageOfpreparation，and
ThailandandJapanoutlinedtheirsecondyearresearch
On［akes；this was foIIowed bylively discussiorl・The Wi soon be pLJbIished．
Thi8 Book which fo（〉USeS Onlakes and reseⅣOirs，results oIthese di＄CUS＄ions and fieldinve＄tigations oI
explains the outline of the behavior of substances inlakesin deve10Plng nationswiFlbeprofitablyutilizedin
lakes，the utilization of model＄and renovation techni−
PreParlng CaSe Study report＄，reSOurCe PaPerS etC・
guesforwatergua［itycontrol，aSWe asguidelinesfor
SURVEY OF THE STATE OF WORLD L＾KES
Planmng and managementforth8COnSerVation oflake−1nterim Repo「【−envifonments．1naddition，CaSeStUdiesforLakeLaguna
inthe Phi［ipplneS，reSerVOirsin BrazilandtheSagulmg
lLEC has been conducting an investigation on the
Daminlndone＄ia w‖be p帽＄ented．
State Oftheworld slakesasaJOintproJeCtWith UNEP・4

THE2ND GENERAL MEETING OF THE
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE．1LEC

lNAUGURAT10N OF AN EXPERT REGISTRAT10NSYSTEM TO AID DEVELOPING COUNTRIES（ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY，JAPAN）

The2ndGeneralMeetingoftheScientificCommittee
Wi beheldinBudapest，Hungary．fromSeptember18to ln recentyear＄，the EnvironmentalAgencyhas been
actively promoting cooperation with developlng COun−
20，1988，fo owIngthe3rdConferenceonConservation
triesinenvironmentaIconservation，Withthehelpof10Cal
and Management of the World Lake Environment・
Publicorganizations．Tofurtherthisaim，theCounci（forTopics to be discussed atthe MeetinglnCIude：
DeliberationonlntemationalTechnicalCooperationfor（1）The4thConferenceon Conservationand Manage−
EnvironrTlentalConservation was established at the
mentoftheWorld Lake Environment（Chinaトdis−requestofthe ChiefCabinetSecretaryfordeliberation
cussion on the original plan prepared by China
OnCOOPerationforenvironmentalconservation andthe（2）cooperation withlWRA（lnternationalWater Re−
establishment of a systeminJapan．As a resu（t ofthi＄＄0UrCeS Association）（3）lしEC project（4）Adoption of artic（es on foreign aidin thelLEC
Con＄titution

DESALlNATlON PROJECT FROZEN AFTER 25
YEARS，￥72 BLLL10N
1988Julythe5th，theMinistryofAgriculture．Forestry
andFisheriesdecidedtovirEuallyscrapthe25−year−OId
des81ination proJeCtin Nakaumiand Shiniikolakesin
WeStemJapan，On Which the government has already
SPent￥72billion．

The decision was made in response to a proposal
PreSented by the govemors of Tottoriand Shimane
Prefectures．
The propo＄alasserts on the ministry that althoughdesalinationissti necessaryforthedeveIopmentofthearea，itis‖kelytoresuItincontaminationofthewaterin
thelakes．

According to
PrOJeCtWaS＄tartedin1963toincrease ricefarmland・Withabudgetof￥99billionsetaside，theproJeCtWa＄
SCh￠duled to be completedin1992．
The plan was to drain and reclaim about 2，500
hectaresforfarm［nglnfiveareasofNakaumiIake，Whichliesi−1Tottoriand Shimane prefectuTeS・
A＄eCOnd purposewastoturnthebrackishwaterof
NakaumiarldShinjikoIake＄intofreshwaterforfarmlng
ontherecIaimedlandandotherfarmsinthenearbyarea
byseparatingthetwoLakesfromtheSeaofJapanwith
dam＄．

deliberation，in April，the Councilproduced the report′on Measuresfor Effective Promotion of Cooperation
With DeveIoplng Contrie＄ for Environnental
ConservationX．Inthisreport，theCouncIIpointsoutthin order to improve cooperation with developing
cOuntrieS for environmental conservation qualitatively
and quantitativeIy，itis essentialto establish a system
WhichmeetsrequestsfromdeveIoplngCOuntriesswiftlyand efficiently by registering experts who can then be
SenttO these countries．

Recentty，［nParticular，ithasbecomedifficulttocopewith the increasing number of requests for technical
COOPeration from deve10Plng COuntries・
Underthese circum＄tanCeS，the EnvironmentalAgen−
Cyhasdecidedtoimplementasystemfortheregistra−tionofexpertswhocanbesenttodeve10PlngCOuntries・
Expe「tsto be registered wi beinvitedin writing fromlocal public organizations and organizations related to
the EnvironmentalAgency．
Qua］ification＄reqUiredofcandidatestoberegisteredexpert＄are aS†ol10WS：（l）Expert knowledge usefulfor environmentalcon−
SerVationin deve10Plng COuntries，in the fo owlng
areas：Policy−making，Plannlng，investigation，re−
SearCh，meaSurement，analysIS，knowledge of thelegalsystem，aSSeSSment Of environment，etC・，in
fieIdssuchasairpo ution，WaterPO‖ution，Offensive
Odors，nOise po ution，Vibrations，earth pol（ution，
COntamination byagrlCUlturalfertilizers，landsubsi−
dence，WaSte matter，and protection of nature（naturaIparks，WiIdIife reserves，etC．）（2）wi‖toengageintechnicalcooperationindeve10P−
1ng COuntrie＄inthefutureas aJapanlnternational
Cooperation Association expert（3）There are no particuIar requir8mentS aS tO
academic career，linguistic ab川ty，age，SerViceexperience，etC・

THE FIRST CONFERENCE TO SAVE LAKE CHAD
great reductionin rainfallthe evaporation continues to
TheFirstConferenceforpreparationsofamasterplan
remainhigh，therebyresultingmanincreaseddeficitintosaveLake ChadtookplaceintheConferenceHa ofthe basin s water resources．
the Lake Chad Basin Committee（LCBC）Secretariatin
Thisisevidentinthe10Wf10WSreCOrded onthe basinls
N Djamena，Chad，during 6−12 ApriI，1988（Working
Group of Experts，Apri16−9；Ministers of Environment，Apritll−12）．

TheadverseeffectofthecurrentdroughtintheSahelbelthasresultedinverydrasticandalarnllngChangesin
the environrTIentalconditions of the Chad Basin and
SurrOunding areas．1n view of the situation，the sixth
summit of the LCBC held last October decided that ameeting of ministers responsibIe for environmentaI
mattersbeconvenedatsoonesttodrawupamasterplan
to save the Lake，The summit also appeaIed tointernationa10rganizationstoassistinimplementingthe
master plan．Consequently UNEP has offered to assist
the commis＄ion with a proJeCttO make the necessary
StUdiesanddrawupthemasterpFan．1nthediscussions
between UNEP and LCBC，it was found necessary toD「ied uplakeestablish a multidiscipllnary WOrking group of experts
fromthememberstatesandallinterestedorganizations
water courses and reductionin the area of Lake Chad．
to prepare term＄Of reference for the master plan．
ThusLakeChadwhichuntiIthe1960soccupiedanarea
Present were representatives of LCBC member−
Ofupto25，000sq．km，hashaditsareareducedtoaboLJt
COuntrjes（Cameroon，Niger，MgeriaandChad），Central
One−tenth bytheendofthe1970s．Sanddunesfromthe
Africa，Zaire，ltaly，ADB．ECA，EEC，FAC，lUCN．UNDP．
advancing desert have taken over the dry bed of theUNEP，UNESCO，UNSO，USAID，Wortd Bank，Bonifica Lake Chad．F10WIeveIs onthe maJOrrivers，the Chari．
andlLEC．Ln response to aninvitation from LCBC，aLogoneandYobe，havegreat（ydeclined．Thetotalflow
representativeoflLECattendedtheConferenceinline
OftheChari−Logonesystemforthreeconsecutiveyears
With cooperation poIICytO EMINWA Program of UNEP．
1983／84，84／85and85／86was barety equaltothef10W
During the meeting，the globalsituation of the Lakefor a normalyear before the drought．
Chad Basin was examined．anditwas agreed thatthe
Othe（WaterCOurSeSinthe basin have notfared better．
gravesituationneedstobeurgentlyaddressedandthus
1n fact the rivers Yed＄eram，Ebijiand Ngadda werea series of actions was approved namely：
totallydryincertainyearsnotably1984and1987．Losses（1）a＄tudyfortheManagementSchemeleadingtothe to evapotranspiration in the flood plains continue tomasterplanandAction Programmeforthe Environmen−
Characterize the hydro10gIC SyStem Of the basin．
tanySoundManagementoftheBasin snaturalresources
to be prepared with the assistance of UNEP；（2）launchingofaninternationalcampaigntosaveLake
Chad，TheMinistershavealsoadoptedaresoIutionona
requestfor assistance from theltaIian Govemmentfor
necessary studies ofaninterbasin watertransferfrom
the・neighboring Zaire riverbasinsintothe Chad basin・
The nextmeeting ofthe ministers ofthe Environment
Of the Member States of the LCBC wi beheldin
N djamenain the first half of November，1988・
PRESENT SITUAT10N OF THE BASIN
CentraIly10CatedintheAfricancontinent，the Basinof
Lake Chad coyers an area of 2．5 mi ion sq，km，Stretching over several countries. It is a closed basin
With no outletto the seas．and about half ofits areais
dese「t．

Since thelate1960 s the basin has witnessed a
PrO10nged droughtwithincreas［ng SeVerity．1n fact the
droughtof1974and1984were＄OmeOfthewor＄tinthe
basin sLhistory with as10W a＄30％of normalrainfall
recorded at some stations．Whereas there has been

6

Reduced Lake asin October1987

LAKES OFpTHE WORLDMTERA RESERVIOR
The RufijiBasin Development Authority（RUBADA）has
general．
一StUdyofmlgrationpatternsofw dlifewithrespecttothe
PrOPOSedaprogramforcomprehensive，Fong−termmanage−
reservoir in order to devise methods of protecting bothrnent bfthe economica y slgnificant Mtera Re＄erVOir・Wird＝fe and the shoreline．
The Mtera Reservoiris situatedin the RufijiBasin of
一aSSeSSmentOfpossibIetourismopportunitiesofferedby
Tanzania s RufijiRiverSystem．With avoFume of3L2bilEion
Cubic meters，and a surFace area of 60，000 ha．．Mtera the reservoir s proximityto the Great Ruaha NationalPark．
ReseTVOiTreCeiveswaterfromacatchmentof68，000sq．knrl． ahd by recreationalboating on the reservoir．
−CO ectionandanalys弓SOfinfIowandoutf10Wdata，aSWelr
Over80％ofTanzania shydropowerpotentiallieswithinthe
Rufujibash，andabout600，000ha．inthebaslnaresuitabIeforasevaporation data，inorderto establishtheirreFationsMps
and recommend an optimum operational regime of Mtera
irrlgation deve10Pment．Fisheries，forestry，andtourism also
and Kidatu（downstream）reservoirs and power stations．
Offer great development potentialin the RufujiBasin．
一eXeCution ofbiologlCalandlimno10gICalstudiesofthe
CAUSE FOR CONCERN
reservoir，aSWe asinf10Wingand rereasewatersinorderto
Obtain plannlng and management data．
There are sev声ralpracticaIreasons why attentionis
neededin Ru叫iBasin．
LOCAL ANDINTERNAT10NAL EXPERTISE
1nrecentyears，thefisheriespotentia10fthereseNOirhas
Because ofthe multi−disciplrnary nature ofthe proJeCt，abeenendangeredbyanuncontro edinfIuxoffishermenand
teamofexpertsofvariousfieIdswouldbeTequiredtocarry
the practice of overrexpIoitive fishing methods．
Out SPeCific asslgnmentS Of the proposed proJeCt．
Deforestationin the uppercatchmentareas ofthe Great
Key manpowerinland and water resources，agricuFture，
Ruaha Riveris causlng anincreasein soir erosion andenergy planning and general river basin management
Sediment transportinto the re＄erVOir．
PlannEngWOuld beprovided byRUBADA．Specialistswould
OtherconcernslncIudethe needto monitorthe deve10P−
be obtained from variousinstitutionsin Tanzania，
mentofKaribaweedandwaterhyacinth，Whichhavecaused
Initia y，however，aninternationalexper＝nwaterresources
economiclosses elsewherein Africa；and the need to
managementwould be requiredforaperiod ofthreetosix
mOnitor the interaction between the reservoir and wildlife
months to assistinSetting up the proJeCt．
from the nearby Selous Game Reserve．
And．of course，a better understanding of hydroFoglCaI，
FOR THE PEOPLE
bioIoglCal，l弓mno10glCalandsocio10gFCalaspectsareessenTThe RufijiRiverSystemisamaJOrSOurCeOfnatural，SOCial
tiaIfor management，Plannlng，and conservation of basin
and economic resources to the people of Tanzania．The
resourcesin general．
formulationandexecutionofasound10ng−term，COmPrehen−
PLAN OF ACT10N
Sive managementprogramisessentiaInotsimplytoprotect
resources，but to advance the well−being of peopIe．The
RUBADAhasformulated and proposedthe Mtera Reser−
adoption of the RUBADA project has the potential ofVOir Management Project with the fo owlng Objectives：
PrOVjding such a stimulus．
− deve10Pment Of a rationalutilization of fisher弓es
abridged fromresources of the reservoir through fisheries research，
R．S．Matondane
education and management of fishing activities・
Director of Finance，RUBADA−PrOmOtionofsoilconservationthroughproperlanduse
Plannlngnthedraw−downareasandthecatchmentareainlNFORMAT10N
also very adequate space forfour Working Groupsinthe
forIowing topics；Biomass（Coordinator，T．Berman）；Oxygen
lnternationalWorkshop
electrodes（Z．Dubinsky）；Radioisotopes（M．Tilzer）；andstable
isotopes（M．Sakamoto）．Participants had access to aIlthe
The Forth GAPlnternationalWorkshop was held atlaboratoryfac‖itiesatCREMA−L HOUMEAUandinaddition，
CREMAL−LT HOUMEAU，near La RochelFe．Franee fromtwo research vesseIs for sampIlng and experimentation at
16−22Apri11988．Thethemeofthemeetingwas Microaglal
Sea and at a nearby oyster pond．
Growth：lnput and10SSe＄，■PracticaIApproaches ，By a‖
TheKeynotespeachesandtheexperimentaIresultswilFbe
criteriathiswasthemostsuccessfu10fGAPfunctionstodate，PUblishedin MarineMicrobfalFoodWebs（Editor．P．Bougis
with almost all of the eighty participants actually being
and F．RassouIzadegan，StationZoo10gEque，06230Vi11efran−activelyinvoLved Tn experimentation．The Workshop．which
WaSmeticu10uSlyorganizedbyDr．SergeMae＄trini，hisLocal Che，France）．
The Forth［nternationalGAP Workshop w lhave asits
Committee andStaff，WaS heldin the new we −eqUIPPed
theme Biomass Measurements and MicroaIgalDynamics■■
CNRSTIFREMER faciIity，
andw‖takeplacefnspnng1990．Exactdataand10CalewiIl
Thelaboratory■ishousedin aformerReligouslnstitution．
be announced sho「l】y．
This setting prov弓ded not only appropriateinspiration，but
4th GAP Group Primary Productivity

7

3．HYSE＾FORTHCOMLNG MEETINGS

88ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM

Date：December13−16，1988
PIace：Dapartment of Zoo10gy，Univeresity of Nairobi
1．lnternationaLSeminaron EducatiorL and Trainingin

Water Resourcesin Deve10Phg Countries

Secretariat：Dr．W．M．Kudoja
Zoo10gy Department

Decenlber13−171988

Date：

Sponsored：Hydrobio10gicalSociety of East Africa

place： Aurangabad（lndia）

Univer5篭りOINatrobi

Secretary：C・V・J・Varma

P．0．Box30197

Organizlng Secretary

NAIROBl−KENYA

lnternationalSeminar on Education

Tel．43181Ext．503

and traintng
CentralBoardoflmgationandPowerPUBLICATLONSMalcha Marg，Chanakyaprl，
New Dethi−110021，lndia

Topicsin LAKE and RESERVOIR HYDRAUuCS

Tel：（91）（11）3015984

Editor＄：Prof．W，H．Graf and U．Lemmin

CabIe：CENBIP（ND）

Price： 45 Swi＄＄ Francs．

This book presents the reviewed and edited papers
2．lntemationalSeminar for Environmenta

y SoundManagement of Lake and Reserviors Basin with
Emphasi＄，On Water Quality

PreSented as part of the proceedings of the XXl［
Congress ofthelnternationalAssociation forHydraulicResearch（lHRA）heIdin Lausannein1987．TreatedareThis seminari＄Organized by Nationallnstitute ofHydricsScienceandTechnique▼HIDRONORS・A・and
SaltoGrandeJointTechnicalCommissionandunderthe＄UCh topICS aS：Sedimentary aspects，hydrodynamic
aspect＄；hydraulic aspects and eng［neerIng a＄PeCtS・
For purchase write to：Prof．W．H．Graf，Laboratoire

ausp■CeSOflLECandUnitedNationCentreforReg10nald

Deve10Pment（pendingrequest）wi

F色d色rale de Lausanne CH−1015

beheldinArgentina

from October31st to NovemberlOth1988．

hydraultque Ecole Polytechnique

LAUSANNE，SwitzBrland

S￠￠帽tariat

lNCYBI−CTUA
MaiL Box NP7−EzeizalnternationalAirport．
Buenos Aire＄−Argentina（1802）

CALL FOR ARTICLESThose who wish to contribute to lLEC Newsletter are
invited to send manuscripts to the secretarlat・

T．E．：（01）620−0866／9073

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