ຍ㏿ჾ᪋タࡢ✺↛ኚ␗⫱✀฼⏝Ѹ㔜࢖࢜ࣥࣅ࣮࣒⫱✀ᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨ̽㜿㒊 ▱Ꮚ⌮໬Ꮫ◊✲ᡤோ⛉ຍ㏿ჾ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࢖࢜ࣥ⫱✀◊✲㛤Ⓨᐊ ≀⌮Ꮫ⪅ Röntgen ࡣ 1895 ᖺ X ⥺ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊ1901 ᖺ➨ 1 ᅇࣀ࣮࣋ࣝ≀⌮Ꮫ㈹ࢆཷ㈹ࡋࡓࠋMuller
ࡣ 1927 ᖺ X ⥺࡟ࡼࡿࢩࣙ࢘ࢪࣙ࢘ࣂ࢚✺↛ኚ␗యࢆⓎぢࡋࠊ1946 ᖺࣀ࣮࣋ࣝ⏕⌮Ꮫ࣭་Ꮫ㈹ࢆ
ཷ㈹ࡋࡓࠋ᳜≀࡛ࡣࠊStadler ࡀ 1928 ᖺࢺ࢘ࣔࣟࢥࢩࡸ࣒࢜࢜ࢠࡢ✺↛ኚ␗ㄏⓎࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠊ1939 ᖺࢧ࢖ࢡࣟࢺ࡛ࣟࣥⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ୰ᛶᏊ⥺࡟ࡼࡿࢩࣙ࢘ࢪࣙ࢘ࣂ࢚ࡢ✺↛ኚ␗ㄏⓎࠊ1941 ᖺX ⥺࡟ࡼࡿ୍⢏⣔ࢥ࣒ࢠࡢ᪩⏕ኚ␗య㑅ᢤ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᨺᑕ⥺⫱✀ሙ࡟ 1961 ᖺ࣐࣮࢞ࣥࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻࡀ᏶ᡂࠊ↷ᑕࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓࠋ⫱ᡂࡋࡓ┤᥋฼⏝ 127 ရ✀ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ᭱ࡶရ✀ᩘࡀከ࠸᳜≀✀ࡣ࢟ࢡࡢ 38 ရ✀࡛࠶ࡿ㸯㸧ࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ᨺᑕ⥺࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ1990 ᖺ࠿ࡽ࢖࢜ࣥࣅ࣮࣒ࢆࠊ2008 ᖺ࠿ࡽబ㈡┴㎰ᴗヨ㦂◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀᨺᑕගࢆࠊရ✀ᨵⰋᢏ⾡࡜ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢖࢜ࣥࣅ࣮࣒㸦⢏Ꮚ⥺㸧ࡣࠊཎᏊ࠿ࡽ㟁Ꮚࢆࡣࡂ࡜ࡗࡓཎᏊ᰾㸦࢖࢜ࣥ㸧ࢆຍ㏿ჾ࡛㧗㏿໬ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⣽⬊ࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁࠊࡑࡢ㣕⛬࡟ DNA ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ษ᩿ࡍࡿࠋ࢖࢜ࣥ࡟ࡣ㉁㔞࡜㟁Ⲵࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ≀㉁࡟୚࠼ࡿ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀ኱ࡁࡃࠊ୍⢏࡛ࡶ DNA ஧ᮏ㙐ࢆษ᩿ࡋಟ᚟ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ᦆയࢆ୚࠼ኚ␗ࢆㄏⓎࡍࡿࠋୡ⏺࡟ 6 ࡘ࠶ࡿရ✀ᨵⰋࢆ┠ⓗ࡟኱Ẽ୰࡛᳜≀࡬ࡢ↷ᑕࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿຍ㏿ჾ᪋タ࠺ࡕ 4 ࡘࡀ᪥ᮏ࡟࠶ࡾࠊୡ⏺ࢆඛᑟࡍࡿᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⫱ᡂࡋࡓ᪂ရ✀㸦┤᥋฼⏝㸧ࡣⰼࡁ᳜≀ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ 60 ࢆ㉸࠼ࠊᑐ㇟ရ┠ࡣ㣗⏝స≀ࠊ⸆⏝᳜≀ࠊᚤ⏕≀ࡸᾏὒ⏕≀࡟ᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑ᮶ࠊᨺᑕ⥺↷ᑕ࡛ࡣ༙⮴Ṛ⥺㔞࡛ኚ␗యࢆ㑅ᢤࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊ┠ⓗ௨እࡢ᭷⏝࡞ᙧ㉁࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆపῶࡍࡿ࡟ࡣప⥺㔞↷ᑕࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋⅣ⣲࢖࢜ࣥࡸᨺᑕග࡛ࡣప⥺㔞↷ᑕ࡟࠾࠸࡚࢟ࢡ࡛㧗࠸ኚ␗⋡ࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⾲㸧㸰,㸱㸧ࠋ୍᪉ࠊ㏆ᖺ DNA ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢧ࣮ࡢᛶ⬟ྥୖ࡟క࠺㓄ิỴᐃࢥࢫࢺࡢపୗ࡟ࡼࡾࠊࣔࢹ᳜ࣝ≀࡛ࡣ඲ࢤࣀ࣒᝟ሗ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓኚ␗⟠ᡤゎᯒࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ࢖࢜ࣥࣅ࣮࣒࡛ࡣࠊ┠ⓗࡈ࡜࡟࢖࢜ࣥ✀ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ࢜ࣥࢹ࣐ࣥࢻ↷ᑕᢏ⾡ࢆᥦ᱌ࡍࡿࠋ༶ࡕࠊⅣ⣲࢖࢜ࣥ↷ᑕࡣኚ␗⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃࠊ୍㑇ఏᏊ◚ቯ࡟ࡼࡿᶵ⬟Ḟኻኚ␗యࡀṤ࡝࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵရ✀ᨵⰋ࡟ࠊ࢔ࣝࢦࣥ࢖࢜ࣥ↷ᑕࡣᩘ kbࠥᩘ༑ kb ࡢ኱ḞኻࡸᰁⰍయ෌ᵓ⠏ࡀ㧗㢖ᗘ࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸲㸧ࠊࢱࣥࢹ࣒㔜」㑇ఏᏊࡢ◚ቯࠊ㢧ᛶࡸ᪂ወᙧ⾲䠊䜻䜽ⰼⰍኚ␗ㄏⓎ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᨺᑕ⥺↷ᑕ᮲௳䛾᭱㐺໬ရ✀↷ᑕ㒊఩༓௦䠄Ⲉᇛ┴䠅ᇵ㣴య㉁ࡢ⋓ᚓ࡟㐺ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᚤ⏕≀ࡢኚ␗ㄏⓎࡣ㕲࢖࢜ࣥ↷ᑕࢆ᥎ዡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸳㸧ࠋబ㈡㻿㻷㻝
䠄బ㈡┴䠅✑ᮌኚ␗ཎ⥺㔞䠄㻳㼥㻕⏕Ꮡ⋡㻔㻑㻕ㄪᰝᩘኚ␗⋡㻔㻑㻕䃒⥺㻤㻜㻠㻢㻚㻝㻝㻠㻥㻝㻤㻚㻤㼄⥺㻣㻠㻟㻚㻝㻝㻝㻤㻥㻚㻟Ⅳ⣲䜲䜸䞁㻝㻜㻥㻟㻚㻣㻡㻣㻝㻠㻚㻜ᨺᑕග㻝㻝㻤㻤㻚㻟㻝㻝㻣㻟㻥㻚㻟Ⅳ⣲䜲䜸䞁㻥㻥㻡㻚㻜㻝㻣㻡㻡㻜㻚㻟ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩1) H. Nakagawa and H. Kato, Bull. NARO, Crop Sci. 1 (2017) 33ࠊ2) 㕥ᮌ୍඾ࠊຍ㏿ჾ฼⏝◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ᳜≀↷ᑕ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮఍ሗ࿌᭩ 2003 (2004) 11ࠊ3) ᆏᮏ೺୍㑻ࠊ஑ᕞࢩࣥࢡࣟࢺࣟࣥග◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮10 ᖺྐ (2018) 53ࠊ4) Y. Kazama et.al., Plant J. 92 (2017) 1020ࠊ5) H. Ichida et.al., Mut.Res.639 (2008) 101

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