（令和）年度

日［＊］

外国

語

（Reading & Writing）

注

意．監督者の指示があるまで問題を見ないこと。
．声を出して問題を読まないこと。
．問題はページ、からまである。

．問題や解答用紙に落丁、乱丁、汚損あるいは印刷不鮮明の箇所があれば、手をあげて監督者に申し出ること。
．解答は必ず黒色鉛筆を使用し、解答用紙に記入すること。
．

、およびること。ののとの解答は、解答用紙の解答欄の記号にマークすの解答は解答用紙の所定の欄に記述すること。

．訂正箇所は、消しゴムできれいに消すこと。
．解答欄には、関係のない符号や文字あるいはメモなどを記入しないこと。
．解答用紙を折ったり汚したりしないこと。
．問題用紙は持ち帰ること。

次の文章に関して空所補充問題と読解問題がある。まず本文の⑴から⑹までの空所を埋めるために、前後関係から考えて最も適切だと思うものをＡからＣの選択肢よりつ選び、解答欄の記号にマークしなさい。次に、内容に関する⑺から⑼の設問について、文章の内容から判断して最も適切だと思うものをＡからＤの選択肢よりつ選び、解答欄の記号にマークしなさい。（＊印の語（句）は注を参照のこと）［点］

In sporting events, it is sometimes possible to view athletes with dark,round circles on their exposed flesh. These circles resemble round-shaped
tattoos, but they are not decorative. They are the remaining marks ofan alternative health treatment known as “cupping.” Today, cupping isperhaps more common in the Far East, where it fits with other traditional
health care measures such as acupuncture* or shiatsu. However, cupping
has been used as a health treatment throughout the world for centuries.
No one knows its origins, but cupping（ ⑴ ）［Ａ．seems to have beenpracticed Ｂ．was mostly unknown Ｃ．was later imagined］by the
famed medical pioneer Hippocrates in ancient Greece, as long as 2,500
years ago. The theory is that cupping removes pain. But despite its
history and continued usage, many in the medical world dispute its
effectiveness.
Cupping uses suction* to draw blood to the surface of the skin.
There are various methods, but in essence, a cupping therapist places asmall flame inside of a glass cup. When the fire goes out, the mouth ofthe cup is placed on the patient’s skin. The air in the cup cools, creatinga vacuum which pulls the skin and makes it redden due to the expanding
blood vessels. After a few minutes, the cup is then removed, leaving acircular mark that takes one week or ten days（ ⑵ ）［Ａ．to appear
Ｂ．to turn red Ｃ．to fade away］. The theory is that the increased＊

blood flow brought about by cupping can facilitate healing. Users cite
pain relief as one of the main benefits, but advocates claim that cupping
can be helpful with a wide variety of illnesses, ranging from fevers toindigestion, high blood pressure, and more. Some athletes feel cupping
helps reduce the aches and pains caused by training and competition.
Television close-ups of their cupping marks have increased attention tothis form of treatment.
Most medical professionals, however, doubt that cupping works at all.
Some describe it with unfavorable language, dubbing cupping theory as
stupid or nothing more than a make-believe treatment. As such, theysuggest

it

might

beconsidered（ ⑶ ）［Ａ．atypeoffraud

Ｂ．areasonable remedy Ｃ．a medical breakthrough］. Doctors state thatinstead of increased blood flow, the marks show that blood vessels havebeen damaged, and such damage does not heal anything. Rather, itcreates a new problem for the body to deal with. At best, scientists saythat not enough study has been conducted to verify if cupping really
works or not. The American Cancer Society, for example, has affirmedthat there is no evidence behind claims of the health benefits of cupping.
In addition, cupping methods are potentially dangerous. The fire usedwith cups and resulting hot surfaces might cause skin burns.
（ ⑷ ）［Ａ．As a result of these studies, cupping has become popular
Ｂ．Despite this, cupping treatments continue today Ｃ．Thanks toefforts of the American Cancer Society, cupping has ceased to bepracticed］. Advocates note that this is not a recent fad, but somethingthat has been in popular use for centuries. If cupping had no positiveeffects, they argue, why would so many people rely on it for so long inso many different parts of the world? Scientists are quick to question
what is meant by “positive effects.” They say such effects may be＊psychological,

withpatientsconvinced

they

have

been

helpedbut（ ⑸ ）［Ａ．doubtful their condition has improved Ｂ．feeling better thanever before

Ｃ．without any real proof］. Or, they continue, benefits may

come from some source other than cupping. For example, if the patient
rests for a day after treatment, it might be unfair to claim cupping as
the reason for physical improvement. The apparent healing might havecome from the period of rest. It is impossible to tell. The only thing
clear, they feel, is the marks themselves, which indicate damage, nothealing.
Cupping has gained more interest, due perhaps to increased world
coverage of sporting events, at which athletes with cupping marks mighttake part. Some film and television celebrities are also known to practice
cupping. This has（ ⑹ ）［Ａ．increased anxiety Ｂ．aroused curiosity
Ｃ．diverted interest］among viewers and fans. People suffering pain arealso willing to try any treatment that might bring relief. Thus, while
cupping might need more study before we can confirm that it truly
works, it is currently riding a small wave of popularity. It is an ancient
treatment still alive in our modern times.

［注］acupuncture: 鍼（はり）治療⑺

suction: 吸引力

What is the main idea of this passage?
Ａ．Cupping is a universally accepted form of alternative medicine.
Ｂ．Cupping has been widely discussed among athletes and celebrities.
Ｃ．Cupping has been gaining attention even though the medical
benefits are disputed.
Ｄ．Cupping is part of Far Eastern culture and has spread as far asEurope.

＊⑻According to the passage, which of the following is true?
Ａ．There is a potential risk of being burnt by the heated glass cup.
Ｂ．There is evidence that cupping is an effective cancer treatment.
Ｃ．The remaining circular marks are evidence of healing taking place.
Ｄ．Athletes frequently administer the cups to their peers’ bodies.

⑼

According to the passage, why do some people feel cupping iseffective?
Ａ．They believe the red marks are signs of increased blood flow.
Ｂ．They feel confident in the study and teachings of Hippocrates.
Ｃ．They observe athletes receiving cupping treatments on TV.
Ｄ．They think cupping makes it possible for people to get more rest.

＊次のからの英文は、ＡからＦに続く文章の書き出しとなっている。それぞれの下線部に、ＡからＦまでのどの文章を続けたらつの段落全体を合わせて筋の通った自然な文章になるか。最も適切なものをＡからＦよりつ選び解答欄の記号にマークしなさい。ただし、ＡからＦのうちには選ばれないものもある。
（＊印の語（句）は注を参照のこと）［点］．During the 20th century, movies were at the center of popularculture.

．For young people, movies are no longer a top entertainment choice.

．Generally speaking, young people these days prefer entertainmentthat is more interactive, rather than passive forms of entertainment,
like movies.

．Despite the problems the movie industry faces, it seems far too soon
to conclude that movies will die out in the future.

．Implementing such new formats may be a way for the movie
industry to remain influential in the new interactive, online era.

＊

Ａ．According to a survey of media trends conducted in 2021, the mostpopular activity for members of “Generation Z”（those born aroundthe turn of the century）in their free time is playing video games,
while watching TV or movies at home only ranks fifth. In fact, only
10% of the members of that generation said that TV or movies were
their favorite form of entertainment. In other words, there has beenan enormous shift in forms of entertainment over the past twodecades.

Ｂ．However, even if these efforts are successful, it seems unlikelythat Hollywood will ever regain the position it once had withinsociety. People are likely to continue watching movies in the future,
but the days when everyone went to the movie theater on theweekend are probably gone forever.

Ｃ．There are several reasons why movies have continued to be
popular in the current century. One factor is that movies have beena relatively inexpensive form of entertainment. It is much cheaper to
go to a movie than to attend a play or a musical concert. If
Hollywood is able to keep ticket prices low, it seems possible thatmovies will remain a popular entertainment choice in the future.

＊

Ｄ．Instead of just being a spectator, more and more people want tobe able to express their own opinions about the content they arewatching. In addition, there is far greater diversity within popular
culture than before. We are no longer living in a world of theblockbuster* movie that everyone feels like they must see. Instead,each individual consumes forms of entertainment that specificallycorrespond to their own particular interests and tastes. The oldmodel of cultural mass-production and mass-consumption does not
suit the present age. In order to be able to attract younger
moviegoers, it will be necessary for filmmakers to meet the specificneeds of this audience.

Ｅ．Hollywood in particular had an enormous influence on ideas andfashion trends in the United States and around the world. However,
over the past decade, fewer people are going to movie theaters towatch movies. The COVID-19 pandemic made a bad situation for themovie industry much worse. During the pandemic, film production
was suspended, and many movie theaters were closed. As a result,movies seem even less important to many people’s lives than before.
The declining popularity of movies is reflected in a large drop in TV
viewership for film award shows like the Oscars.

＊Ｆ．Hollywood remains a powerful cultural force that is able to makea comeback if it follows a winning strategy. This will require afundamental change in the ways that films are produced anddistributed. Already, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced Hollywood
to adjust its distribution methods, including the introduction of new
subscription models for providing content. Another new approach is
to offer “co-viewing,” which allows friends and family members toview the same movie online together from different locations.

［注］blockbuster: 大ヒット＊

設問に答えなさい。［点］．下線部に続く文章全体の導入としてふさわしい英文を書きなさい。ただしその文はコロン（ : ）、セミコロン（ ; ）を含まず、ピリオド（. ）で終わるつの文とすること。

The educational systems in most Europeancountries require students to study at least one foreign language.
Usually the students begin studying a foreign language between the agesof six and nine. Moreover, 20 European countries have a requirementthat students also study a second foreign language for at least one year.
As a result of these rules, around 92% of all European students arelearning a foreign language at school. In the case of the small countries
of Luxembourg, Malta and Liechtenstein, 100% of the students arelearning a foreign language.
The situation in Europe contrasts sharply with foreign language
learning in the United States. Statistics show that only around 20% of
American students from kindergarten to the 12th grade are taking
foreign language classes. In the United States, each state can decide its
own educational policies, so there are many differences with regard to
the emphasis on foreign languages. The state with the largest proportionof foreign language learners is New Jersey, where 51% of students arelearning a foreign language. But in New Mexico, Arizona and Arkansas,
just 9% of students are enrolled in a foreign language class. Surveys
have shown that only a minority of Americans believe that learning aforeign language is necessary for having a successful career. Perhaps
because English is the dominant international language, Americans seemto have little motivation to learn a foreign language.

＊

．次のＡからＣの選択肢のうち、文章の内容から判断して最も適切だと思うものを⑴つ選び、解答欄にあるその記号をマークしなさい

Whichofthefollowing

statements

istrueabout

Europeancountries?
Ａ．Students are required to study a second foreign language forthree years.
Ｂ．Most have requirements for students to learn a foreign language.
Ｃ．They require students to start studying foreign languages by theage of six.

⑵

Which of the following statements is true about American states?
Ａ．They have targets to teach around 20% of students a foreignlanguage.
Ｂ．They are expanding foreign language education to improve
career success.
Ｃ．They each have the freedom to decide their own policies foreducation.

＊以下のトピックについて、語以上語以内の英文で答えなさい。［ 点］

Summers in Japan have in recent years become warmer and warmer.
What are some ways in which you or your family have coped with theheat? Provide specific examples in your response.

＊外国語（Reading & Writing）解答用紙（1） A B C

1A

B C D EF

（2） A B C

2A

B C D EF

3A

B C D EF

（4） A B C

4A

B C D EF

（5） A B C

5A

B C D EF

2（3） A B C

1（6） A B C

30点

（7） A B C D（8） A B C D（9） A B C D

24点

Foreign3

languagelearning

differs

betweenEuropean1countries and the United States.
32（1）A B C（2）A B C

16点

Summers in Japan have grown warmer and warmer. There areseveral ways in which my family and I cope with the heat. Oneof these is to stay at home with the air conditioner running. Thisway we can stay cool all day, even when it is at the very hottest
outside. Another way we cope is to drink cool beverages, like4

iced tea. And finally, we wear light clothing like t-shirts andshort pants when we go outside. These are the ways my familyand I cope with the summer heat.（92 words）

30点