Asteroid explorer, Hayabusa2,reporter briefing

July 14, 2020
JAXA Hayabusa2 ProjectTopics
Regarding Hayabusa2,
Return to Earth

2020/7/14

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

2

Contents
0Hayabusa2 and mission flow outline
1Current status and overall schedule of the project2Decision for the Earth return date3Spacecraft operation plan for Earth return
4Re-entry capsule collection plan
5Public relations and outreach plan for the Earth return
6Future plans
2020/7/14

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

3Overview of Hayabusa2
Objective
We will explore and sample the C-type asteroid Ryugu, which is a more primitive type than the S-type asteroid
Itokawa that Hayabusa explored, and elucidate interactions between minerals, water, and organic matter in theprimitive solar system. By doing so, we will learn about the origin and evolution of Earth, the oceans, and life, andmaintain and develop the technologies for deep-space return exploration (as demonstrated with Hayabusa), a field
in which Japan leads the world.
Expected results and effects
By exploring a C-type asteroid, which is rich in water and organic materials, we will clarify interactions between
the building blocks of Earth and the evolution of its oceans and life, thereby developing solar system science.
 Japan will further its worldwide lead in this field by taking on the new challenge of obtaining samples from acrater produced by an impacting device.
We will establish stable technologies for return exploration of solar-system bodies.
Features:World’s first sample return mission to a C-type asteroid.
World’s first attempt at a rendezvous with an asteroid and performance of observation before and after projectile
impact from an impactor.
Comparison with results from Hayabusa will allow deeper understanding of the distribution, origins, andevolution of materials in the solar system.
International positioningJapan is a leader in the field of primitive body exploration, and visiting a type-C asteroid marks a newaccomplishment.
This mission builds on the originality and successes of the Hayabusa mission. In addition to developing planetaryscience and solar system exploration technologies in Japan, this mission develops new frontiers in exploration ofprimitive heavenly bodies.
NASA too is conducting an asteroid sample return mission, OSIRIS-REx (launch: 2016; asteroid arrival: 2018;
Earth return: 2023). We will exchange samples and otherwise promote scientific exchange, and expect furtherscientific findings through comparison and investigation of the results from both missions.

2020/7/14

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing(Illustration: Akihiro Ikeshita)

Hayabusa 2 primary specifications
MassApprox. 609 kg
Launch3 Dec 2014
MissionAsteroid returnArrival
27 June 2018
Earth return2020
Stay at asteroid Approx. 18 months
Target body
Near-Earth asteroid Ryugu
Primary instruments
Sampling mechanism, re-entry capsule, optical cameras, laser
range-finder, scientific observation equipment (near-infrared,thermal infrared), impactor, miniature rovers.

4Mission flow
LaunchDec 3, 2014

Earth swing-by
Dec 3, 2015

MINERVA-II-1 separation
Sep 21, 2018

Ryugu arrival
June 27, 2018

Target marker
separation
Oct 25, 2018

Ryugu
departure
Nov 13, 2019

Targetmarker
complete
End of 2020
MINERVA-II2 separation
separation
Sept. 17,
(image credit: illustrations including spacecraft
Oct. 3, 20192019
by Akihiro Ikeshita, others by JAXA)

Earth return

2020/7/14

MASCOT
separation
Oct 3, 2018

SecondtouchdownJuly 11, 2019

Targetmarker
separation
May 30,2019

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

Impactor (SCI)
5 April, 2019

First touchdown
Feb 22, 20195

1. Current project status & schedule overview
Currentstatus<– The 2nd ion engine operation that began on May 12 is continuing– The works for the collection of the re-entry capsule are continuing.
– Scientific papers have been submitted and published
2015

Schedule
overview123

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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing62. The return date decision• Date for Earth return is December 6, 2020 (Japan & Australia time)– JAXA has applied for the “Authorisation of Return of Overseas-LaunchedSpace Object” (AROLSO; the permit required to land a space object inAustralia.
– The Australian Space Agency and JAXA are closely cooperating to obtain theAROLSO.
– A joint statement by the Australian Space Agency and JAXA was issued as
the work progressed, and the date of return to Earth was confirmed.
– As work continues according to the joint statement, the AROLSO can beacquired and the above date for the Earth return confirmed.
2020/7/14

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing7

3. Spacecraft operation plan for Earth return
Equatorial plane
coordinate system 

Planned trajectory for return phase

Earth orbit
Ryugu departure2019/11/13)

Earth return2020/12/6)
Terminal
Reentry
Guidance

position on July 14

Return phase ΔV

1st ion engine
operation(deceleration)
red arrow direction of theacceleration by the ion engine    
2020/7/14

Hayabusa2 Status as of July 14
Earth distance
92 million km
Sun distance
200 million km
Ryugu distance
4,040,000 km
Spacecraft speed
23.9km/s
Total distance traveled 4.92 billion km

320 million km to go: 63% achieved

2nd ion engine operation(acceleration)

Earth equatorial plane
coordinate system

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing8

3. Spacecraft operation plan for Earth return
Earth final return guidance phase

Ion engine TCM
Mid September,37M km from Earth)

Capsule reentryDecember 6TCM: Trajectory Correction
ManeuverSmall trajectory adjustment
Using RCS, same for later TCMs

TCM-2
Te(O rmin
cto albe Gur i d anc)eP

Escape Maneuver

Small trajectory adjustment

TCM-1

Targeting to Woomera

TCM-3

Final adjustment

TCM-4
haTargefor t traTC ject
M- or0 ,1 y,2

TCM-0

Capsuleseparation

seTCM-5• Implementation date of each event is currently undecided.
• At TCM-0,1,2, the spacecraft will enter an orbit that passes more than 200 km away from the Earth.
• After capsule separation, the spacecraft will divert from the reentry trajectory by TCM-5.
2020/7/14

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

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4. Re-entry capsule collection planRe-entry overview

n Re-entry flight sequence• Atmosphere re-entry
capsule only for Hayabusa2 re-entry )↓• Heat shied separation↓• Parachute opening↓• Beacon transmission↓• Landing

Cross parachute (a radar reflective
cloth attached to the umbrella body)

Escape maneuver

Re-entry speed:about 12 km/s

Separation from mothership whilespinning (1 rotation in about 3 s)

Acquisition and ranging
by primary radar
Parachute deployment(altitude approx. 10km)

Re-entry start(Altitude about 200km)
Aerodynamic heating

Dynamic unstable region
transonic range
Heat shield separationn Landing location
Woomera, Australia

Beacon antenna extension
Beacon signal transmission

Landing (beacon transmission
continues after landing)WoomeraDesert    
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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing10

4. Re-entry capsule collection plan
Collection operation overview

Searchfireball phase•
Optical observationgroundMeasuring light trails from several stations (principal oftriangulation)•
Optical observation (aircraftMeasuring light trails from above clouds (unaffected byweather)n Searchparachute phase•
Direction searchbeacon
Beacon received at a total of 5 stations1 (Principal oftriangulation)•
Direction searchmarine radar 2
Direction and distance can be measured.
n Searchsurface exploration phase•
Direction searchhelicopter
Search for beacon after landing with a helicopter•
Drone2
Aerial view from the sky. Identification via image analysis.
n Transport•
Safety processdisassembly•Collection of gas in capsule2 , transportationto Japan
n2020/7/14

Fireball phase
Aircraft observation
Ground observation
Altitude AltitudeParachute phase
Marine radarBeacon phase
Beacon direction search

Altitude14 stations for Hayabusa
2Not used for Hayabusa

Hayabusa2 reporter briefingSurface search phase
HelicopterDrone    11

4. Re-entry capsule collection plan
Recovery at Woomera

Direction finding system*DFS
n After opening the parachute, the capsule descends& lands while transmitting a beacon signal.
n 5 antennae are placed around the expectedlanding area and the direction of the beacon
signal source is identified.
nnn

Since the antenna stations are 10s – 100s km apartand there is no communication network, thedirections are all reported to headquarters using
satellite phones.
The intersection of the measured directions
indicated by each of the 5 stations give the signal
source (principal of triangulation)
Once the capsule has landed, it cannot be detectedby the ground antenna. After landing, search isconducted using an antenna mounted on ahelicopter.

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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

124. Re-entry capsule collection plan
Recovery at Woomera

Optical observationn Backup if the parachute does not open or the
beacon signal is not received.
•
Optical observationground
Ground Observation System (GOS)•Optical observationaircraft
Airborne Observation
nnn

Light trails at the time of re-entry into theatmosphere are observed from multiple points,and the re-entry orbit and landing point estimatedfrom the observed azimuth and elevation.
Only the light trails from the capsule
In bad weather, ground observation will not bepossible, so aircraft observation will be used.

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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing13

4. Re-entry capsule collection plan
Recovery at Woomera

Marine Radar SystemMRSn Search with 4 marine radars.
n The fan beam antenna is rotated horizontally,
and the direction and distance of the reflectedwave from the parachute can be measured.
n The entire predicted landing area cannot becovered, but the central region of that area canbe searched.
n This is a backup in case there is an issue withthe beacon transmitter.

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2020/7/14

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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

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4. Re-entry capsule collection plan
Recovery at Woomera

Drone
n Aerial photography of the predicted capsulelanding area from an Unmanned Aerial
Vehicle: UAV.
n Images have to be taken within a fixed area
and the program navigation is suitable fordrone to capture continuous image withoutgaps.
nnHigh-speed capsule recognition processing isperformed on the captured images to identify
the capsule.
This will be used as a back-up in cases where
the helicopter becomes difficult to fly or if
the capsule cannot be found by DFS or MRS.

  
2020/7/14

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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing15

4. Re-entry capsule collection plan
Recovery at Woomera

Steps after discovery
n Collected discovered capsule-related equipment•Bodyinstruments module•Front heat shield•
Rear heat shieldnCapsule safety processing.

nUse the Quick Look Facility (QLF) to perform
disassembly, gas sampling and simple analysis ofthe gas (new for Hayabusa2)nTransport to Sagamihara Campus while
maintaining sample cleanliness (details of thetransportation method are still underconsideration).

    
2020/7/14

Work flow after discovering the capsule (some photos from Hayabusa)
Hayabusa2 reporter briefing16

4. Re-entry capsule collection plan
Time line
– 2018/4
Launched the Hayabusa2 Recovery Operation Team– 2018/11
Conclusion of capsule collection written informed consent– 2018/12
Field survey @ Australia/Woomera.
– 2019/8Announcement of planned collection from Australia/Woomera.
– 2019/8
Submit landing clearance application documents and continue planning adjustments– 2019/12
Recovery rehearsal @ Australia/Woomera.
– 2020/7
Hayabusa2 return date announced.
Obtain the capsule landing clearance Authorisation of Return of an Overseas Launched Space Object:AROLSO in order to return to Earth.
Overseas related organisations– ASA: Australian Space Agency
Capsule landing permit examination and support, coordinating office with Australian ministries.
– Australian Department of Defence (DODSupport for management and recovery within the Woomera controlled area.
– US NASAAircraft observation support.
2020/7/14

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing17

4. Re-entry capsule collection plan
Matters related to the novel coronavirus
In the present circumstances,•
As a measure against the novel coronavirus, Australia currently bands entry from abroad.
•Most international flights between Japan and Australia are suspended.
Under these circumstances, the joint statement between the Japan-Australia space agencies has been a significantachievement.
•The scientific and social value of the Hayabusa2 Earth return is extremely high. Additionally, expectations from theacademic community for the returned Ryugu samples are also very high.
•Earth return and capsule collection work is highly valuable for deepening the relationship between Japan andAustralia. The Australian Government has been actively supporting the implementation of the plan.
•The collection plan is possible while being compliant with the infection control measures for the novel coronavirus
in both Australia and Japan.
We would like to thank the Government of Australia, NASA, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science &Technology, the Japanese Embassy in Australia, customs and Sagamihara City among others for their strong support informulating the recovery plan.
Please understand that in order to cope with the novel coronavirus, the execution of Earth return will be more restrictive
than usual. Thank you for your understanding.
2020/7/14

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing18

5. Public relations and outreach plans for Earth returnBefore returning to Earth– Regular press briefings will update on the topics and circumstances at thattime.
– Information will be shared on the JAXA website and SNS.
– Events will be held, such as the Talk Live.
During Earth return– We are considering a method of transmitting information as close as possible
to real time (details will be reported once finalized).
– We are studying the possible methods for communication in this era of thenovel coronavirus.
2020/7/14

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

19

6. Future plans
Operation schedule
2020/5/12/ second ion engine operation
Press and media briefings
2020/7/22/
Press briefing session online

2020/7/14

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

20Reference material

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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

21

Joint statement between the Australia Space Agency & JAXA

2020/7/14

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

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