Table of Contents

Acknowledgments ............................................................................................. v
List of Abbreviations....................................................................................... xi

Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................. 1
1.1. Background ........................................................................................... 1
1.2. Basic Notions ....................................................................................... 6
1.2.1. Topic and Focus ............................................................................ 6
1.2.2. The Framework of Minimalism.................................................. 121.3. Goal of the Book ............................................................................... 22
1.3.1. Proposals ...................................................................................... 23
1.3.1.1. The Functional Category Systems ....................................... 23
1.3.1.2. The Blocking Condition on T-to-C Movement .................. 25
1.4. Outline of the Book ........................................................................... 26

Chapter 2 Focus-Topicalization and Topic-Topicalization in English .. 29
2.1. Introduction ......................................................................................... 29
2.2. Focus-Topicalization and Topic-Topicalization in Matrix Clauses .. 35
2.2.1. Previous Analyses........................................................................ 35
2.2.1.1. Culicover (1991)................................................................... 35vii

viii

Function-Driven Movement

2.2.1.2. The Problems of the PolP Analysis .................................... 39
2.2.1.3. Rizzi (1997) .......................................................................... 42
2.2.1.4. The Problems of the C-system ............................................ 46
2.2.2. An Alternative.............................................................................. 48
2.2.2.1. The Base-Generated Positions of Focus and TopicElements ................................................................................ 48
2.2.2.2. The Landing Site of the Focus Element in FT .................. 51
2.2.2.3. The Landing Site of the Topic Element in TT .................. 55
2.2.2.4. Proposals ............................................................................... 59
2.2.2.4.1. The Functional Category System of Matrix Clauses .. 59
2.2.2.4.2. The Blocking Condition on T-to-C Movement ........... 61
2.3. Restrictions on Focus-Topicalization and Topic-Topicalizationin Complement Sentences of Predicates ........................................... 63
2.3.1. Semantic Restrictions .................................................................. 64
2.3.1.1. Hooper and Thompson (1973)............................................. 64
2.3.1.2. Watanabe (1993) ................................................................... 67
2.3.1.3. An Alternative....................................................................... 69
2.3.2. Syntactic Restrictions .................................................................. 70
2.3.2.1. TT .......................................................................................... 71
2.3.2.2. FT .......................................................................................... 73
2.3.3. Proposal: the Functional Category System of Complement
Sentences of Predicates ............................................................... 76
2.4. Conclusion .......................................................................................... 78

Chapter 3 Negative Inversion and Negative Preposing ......................... 81
3.1. Introduction ......................................................................................... 81
3.2. The Discourse-Related Functions of the Negative Constituentsin NEG-I and in NEG-P .................................................................... 84
3.2.1. The Negative Constituent in NEG-I as a Focus Element......... 85
3.2.2. The Negative Constituent in NEG-P as a Topic Element ........ 87
3.3. NEG-I as the Phenomenon of Focalization ...................................... 90
3.3.1. The Syntactic Structure of NEG-I.............................................. 90
3.3.1.1. A Previous Analysis: Culicover (1991) ............................... 91
3.3.1.2. An Alternative....................................................................... 93

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3.3.1.2.1. The Syntactic Positions of the Subject DP and
Aux in NEG-I ................................................................ 93
3.3.1.2.2. The Syntactic Position of the Negative Constituent
in NEG-I ........................................................................ 95
3.3.2. The Syntactic Behavior of NEG-I.............................................. 99
3.3.2.1. With Interrogative Sentences ............................................... 99
3.3.2.2. In Complement Sentences of Predicates ........................... 101
3.3.2.2.1. Previous Analyses........................................................ 101
3.3.2.2.1.1. Emonds (1970, 1976) and Emonds (2004) ......... 101
3.3.2.2.1.2. Hooper and Thompson (1973)............................. 102
3.3.2.2.2. An Alternative.............................................................. 104
3.4. NEG-P as the Phenomenon of Topicalization ................................ 108
3.4.1. The Syntactic Structure of NEG-P ........................................... 108
3.4.1.1. The Syntactic Positions of the Subject DP and AUX
in NEG-P ............................................................................ 109
3.4.1.2. The Syntactic Position of the Negative Constituent
in NEG-P ............................................................................ 110
3.4.2. The Syntactic Behavior of NEG-P ........................................... 113
3.4.2.1. With Interrogative Sentences ............................................. 113
3.4.2.2. In Complement Sentences of Predicates ........................... 115
3.5. The Scope of Negation in NEG-I and in NEG-P .......................... 118
3.6. Conclusion ........................................................................................ 124

Chapter 4 Topic-Topicalization in Presentational-there
Construction............................................................................. 127
4.1. Introduction ....................................................................................... 127
4.2. The Discourse-Related Function of the PP in PTC ....................... 132
4.2.1. A Previous Analysis: Rochemont (1986) ................................. 132
4.2.2. An Alternative............................................................................ 134
4.3. The Syntactic Structure and the Derivation of PTC ...................... 137
4.3.1. The Syntactic Positions of Expletive there and the DP ......... 137
4.3.2. The Syntactic Positions of the PP in PTC .............................. 138
4.3.2.1. The Base-Generated Position of the PP in PTC .............. 139
4.3.2.2. The Landing Site of the Locative PP in PTC .................. 141
4.4. The Syntactic Behavior of PTC ...................................................... 144

xFunction-Driven Movement

4.4.1. With Interrogative Sentences .................................................... 144
4.4.2. In Complement Sentences of Predicates .................................. 147
4.5. Conclusion ........................................................................................ 149

Chapter 5 Locative Inversion as Topic-Topicalization ......................... 151
5.1. Introduction ....................................................................................... 151
5.2. The Discourse-Related Function of the Locative PP in LI ........... 154
5.2.1. A Previous Analysis: Rochemont (1986) ................................. 155
5.2.2. An Alternative............................................................................ 156
5.3. The Syntactic Structure and the Derivation of LI ......................... 159
5.3.1. Previous Analyses...................................................................... 159
5.3.1.1. The Proposal by Coopmans (1989) and Its Problems ..... 160
5.3.1.2. The Proposal by Bresnan (1994) and Its Problems ......... 163
5.3.2. An Alternative............................................................................ 166
5.3.2.1. The Syntactic Positions of the Locative PP in LI ........... 166
5.3.2.2. The Syntactic Positions of the DP and Expletive therein LI .................................................................................... 168
5.3.2.3. The Similarity between LI and PTC ................................. 171
5.4. The Syntactic Behavior of LI .......................................................... 175
5.4.1. With Interrogative Sentences .................................................... 176
5.4.2. In Complement Sentences of Predicates .................................. 177
5.4.2.1. Previous Analyses: Emonds (1970, 1976) andHooper and Thompson (1973)........................................... 178
5.4.2.2. Facts .................................................................................... 179
5.5. Conclusion ........................................................................................ 181

Chapter 6 Conclusion ................................................................................ 183
6.1. Introduction ....................................................................................... 183
6.2. The Facts and the Arguments in the Book..................................... 187
6.3. Further Consideration ....................................................................... 189
References ...................................................................................................... 191
Index ............................................................................................................... 197