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Biogeochemical Studies of Hydrothermal Environments
Genki I. MATSUMOTO+

Abstract
Thermophilic organisms are distributed in hydrothermal environments, and theirbiomarkers are interesting in biogeochemical viewpoints. Low concentrations of totalorganic carbon in hydrothermal environments reﬂect probably harsh environments forbiological activity. A series of biomarkers such as hydrocarbons, fatty acids, sterols andphenolcarboxylic acids are distributed in hydrothermal sediments, and are derived fromin situ thermophilic organisms, and from vascular plants and human activity in the surroundings of the hydrothermal environments. Epimerized triterpanes and steranes in thesediments are probably formed by hydrothermal activity and derived from petroleum
products by human activity.
Key words : Hydrothermal environments, Total organic carbon, Hydrocarbon, Fatty acids,Sterols, Phenolcarboxylic acidsῒῑ !"#$%&'()*+,-. /01%2345676!"89+:;0< %=>*?%@ABCDEF"GH )*)I%JK %&LMNO.PQ<RST10<  %=>*!"U῍%CVD WXY Z[\6] ^_`6]7]abY(c+def0<+ #$)*!ghi<j,%k!lm%nop*qrstu%vwM
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+

272

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Studies, Otsuma Women’s University, Karakida ,ῌ1ῌ+, Tama-shi, Tokyo ,*0ῌ2/.*, Japan.

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Fig. +

Sampling locations of hydrothermal environments in Japan.

273

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

Fig. , Lake Yugama of Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, Gunma Prefecture(May ,., +323).

Table + Geochemical characteristics of typical sampling sites and sediment samples in hydrothermal environments, Japan.
Sampling site

Sampling dateWater temp.
( )pH

Ohyunuma Pond, Gosyogake Hot Spring,
Akita Prefecture*
Boiling mud pool, Mt. Yakeyama,
Akita Prefecture*
Boiling mud pool, Tamagawa Hot Spring,
Akita Prefecture*
Lake Katanuma-,, Miyagi Prefecture*
Hot water pool, Jigokudani,
Mt. Tateyama, Toyama Prefecture*
Hot water pool, Jigokudani,
Mt. Tateyama, Toyama Prefecture*
Lake Yugama, Mt. Kusatsu-Shirane,
Gunma Prefecture#Shirahatanoyu, Kusatu hot spring,
Gunma Prefecture$
Yubatake-+, Kusatu hot spring,
Gunma Prefecture$
Oninochagama, Kusatu hot spring,
Gunma Prefecture$
Sounzan--, Hakone hydrothermalenvironment, Kanagawa Prefecture@
Ohwakudani-+, Hakone hydrothermal
environment, Kanagawa Prefecture@
Motoyu, Yunotsu hot spring, Shimane
Prefecture$+, June +321

3-4/-43

Clay, Bruish gray+, June +321

2-4*+40Silt, Greenish gray++ June +321

304*+43

Silt, Greenish gray+- June +321+- Oct. +320,-4/342,4,,4,Silt, Greenish graySilt, Greenish gray+- Oct. +320

104/,42Fine sand, Light gray,1 Aug. +322,,4-+4,Silt, Greenish gray0 July ,**1.243,4+0Silt

0 July ,**1/*43,4+/Silt

0 July ,**1

0/4*+430

Silt

0 Dec. ,**12/4.

-4-*

Silt

0 Dec. ,**1

1343,4/*Silt- Nov. ,**/.34.

04*1

Deposit, Brownish
yellowNature of sample* Matsumoto and Watanuki (+33*). # Matsumoto and Watanuki (+33,).   ,**3-  ,**2 TOC  !"#$%&'()*+ TOC  ,-./0"#$%&,1*23./0"#$%&,456)7*8 9:  TOCῌTN ;< =274

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Fig. - Relationship between thermal maturity parameters of (,*S/,*R)-,.-ethyl-/a (H), +.a (H),+1a (H)-sterane ratios and (,*R,*S)-,.-ethyl-/a (H), +.b (H),+1b (H)-sterane/(,*R,*S)-,.ethyl-/a (H), +.a (H), +1a (H)-sterane ratios from inland hydrothermal environments in Japan(Matsumoto and Watanuki, +33,).

276

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ῌ῏῎῍Brock, T.D. (+312) : Thermophilic Microorganisms and Life at High Temperature, .0/ p., SpringerVerlag, New York.

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Matsumoto, G. I. and Watanuki, K. (+33*) : Geochemical features of hydrocarbons and fatty
acids in sediments of the inland hydrothermal environments, Japan. Org. Geochem., +/,+33῍,*2.
Matsumoto, G.I. and Watanuki, K. (+33,) : Geochemical features of organic components in an
extremely acid crater lake (Yugama) of Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano in Japan. Geochem. J.,,0, ++1῍+-0.
Matsumoto, G.I., Fujimura, C., Minoura, K., Takamatsu, N., Takemura, T., Hayashi, S., Shichi,K. and Kawai, T. (,**-) : Estimation of paleoenvironmental changes in the Eurasian continental interior during the last +, million years derived from organic components in sediment cores (BDP30&32) from Lake Baikal. Long Continental Records from Lake Baikal(ed. by Kashiwaya, K.), pp. 1/῍3., Springer-Verlag, Tokyo.

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