64ῌ῍



 *  :  

!"#$% &'(% ) **% +" ,
-. +1 / 0 0 ,. 123% -. +1 / 3 0 , 12

Origin of Arima-Type Deep thermal Water from Hot Spring
Wells in Oita Plain, eastern Kyushu, Japan
Kazuhiro AMITA, Shinji OHSAWA, Jianguo DU* and Makoto YAMADA
Beppu Geothermal Research Laboratory, Institute for Geothermal Sciences,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University(* Present a$liation : Institute of Earthquake Prediction, China Seismological Bureau)

Abstract
Chemical and isotopic compositions : concentrations of major and trace dissolved
constituents, dD and d +2O of water and d +-C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), of hot andcold spring waters of Na-Cl, HCO- type collected from deep wells and natural springs in
the Oita plain, eastern Kyushu, Japan are reported and the origins of the spring waters
are discussed. Most dD and d +2O data of the spring water samples are plotted near the
local meteoric water line in the diagram of d +2O versus dD, but two of them scatter far
away the line and near the point of “Arima-type deep thermal water”. The two water
samples have very high Cl concentration (,.,*** mg/l and +3,*** mg/l) and extremely
high dD and d +2O values (4,,.,5, 4,1.+5 and 6,.15, 6+.35, respectively). Such highvalues in water isotope composition imply that these saline waters are originated from
andesitic magmatic steam or metamorphic water. Concentrations and d +-C values of DIC
in the two heavy waters are ,.,*** mg/l, +3,*** mg/l and 4-.25, 4-.,5, respectively.
Reciprocals of concentrations and d +-C values of DIC of all the hot and cold spring water
samples including the two heavy water samples display a linear relationship, and,
consequently, DIC in the hot and cold spring waters is a gradual mixture of soil CO, anddeep-originated CO, (magmatic or mantle-derived), and the greater part of the DIC in theheavy waters consists of the deep-originated CO,. Therefore, it is appropriate that thesaline thermal waters having high dD and d +2O with high-d +-C CO, found in the Oita plain
are derived from the Earth’s interior. dD values of the hot and cold spring water samples
are in direct proportion to respective concentrations of Li and B. These relations also
express that the formation of the hot and cold spring waters in the Oita plain can be
explained by the mixture model of two end-members ; one is groundwater of meteoric
origin having low dD and low Li and B concentrations, and the other is deep-originatedthermal water having high dD and high Li and B concentrations. The latter is likely toi // ¼ K,**/L¨Zh4^9()65

be the ﬂuid devolatilized from the subducting oceanic plate as pieced together from thevarious accounts, and, furthermore, its formation should have no relation to magma
generation, because the Oita plain is located in fore-arc region. In addition, good liner
relations between Li and Cl concentrations and between B and Cl concentrations of the
hot and cold spring water samples suggest that Cl as a major constituent of the
deep-originated thermal water of Na-Cl, HCO- type in the Oita plain also comes together
with the devolatilized ﬂuid of the slab.
Key words : Oita plain, Arima-type deep thermal water, Isotope, slab-derived ﬂuid :    +ῌ ῏ ῍ ῐ ῎ῌ  Na-Cl   ! Na-Cl "#$%&'
"+,- ./ - %&01234 

()*
567%&'89 :+, ; -+<2! %&$ Na-Cl "= 8>?ῌ 5@9 A>B,2CDB()EF+, GH912- 9!01 "ῌI"J# $ KdDd +2OL -%'M&NO<= PQ'R9 S "J# $ >(TUV)*W@9+XYZ K[\YZL A],^9-5 dD &-B+./+<2 _ 2=FA 0'"EF A%&'

S>B

`15abNc1X5^93+,de GH912 Kf23 +33+ ; ghῌfi +330L!


-4DM >(TUV)*-B5 , 67* K5 /* gῌlL +

dD &-j-*k d +2O &-l2.*k () -4D0 K8+mn Ne()

 opL 89-%()MNc1qr^93s-

+,

 ./^912! Net>?0'"EF56 01 ῌ u9v-:wx;$^93yzy ῍ {|(={}<=v->5~?x 03
 ῎ ]W3c1@ABC03 _2=FAD'-GH912! EHf23 K+32+L  S-AbF+ e GH0 9bFIx>5~?NO1:3+, 03- JK@L012ῌ
F21u9"yzy+2A @012!
3 S{}M

ῌ|F21 NQ He $ K -HeῌHeL O#-91O %&+,sAAR+ 3.,+*  + 0.0+*j0
j0.

yV ("YP2 He  $EF -/A^912 KWakita etal., +321L!

0A09+ 56Y01Q^93@R^91R ST912 2eAc3! c1 UV K,*** a ; ,*** bL  }WX

SYZ

56 [ }{  ¡7 ;N1S0N

e ¢3£c12! ¤¥\]0£¦^^9 0*§/* km ¨+ 
0 yV Z_`R.©01=ª«¬­VB -®P¯°-a +2A GH [ ±+2Ub21%& Kc²

L d e³´µ¶·03! 8+ 8´µA+¸¹º03+e³Nc1@$^93F21f»0

Yg'F2>)¼S

66, 


ῌ







      km  (  !"#$! ,#-$./% %01"%&'"()*++(234567!

(ῌ(9 :+320; &<= >)* +,$!?-.

&8, '?@AB<,C +30* /DE 0F12,GHIJ :0** mK2** m; &8L3M<N>)4
5O,  &PQGHRB67>)* *8S1Q9:RB;T1Q U2<*V?M<% :W=ῌ X +32/;  YZ[2/>?N #ῌ*\@]
^AB_`<N^*

?@AB<N )> -*aK//ab<B <* c&8 gῌl cC4D Edefg %   ,/hREdij :CO,; eF?ijeG8HI, :Jῌ X +32+; <Dkc Kl)\Lm)Qn
EdMgoNl)pO? qr\Ps,HQR7% SMQEdt>)ῌl)uTvS19:?Q8,!/ t2<* Ed YZeUBRb?eV1? $5Ed
EWwXYZ[ : d +-C; ?\]%&'*@ x^yB<N :_ ,**+;  z{ 2<* Ed2"YZ :_+(`?,;Q~ 8Nc

CO, `a|bYZ

CO, ?c}b?dU 9 Na-Cl, HCO- T*@M<9 <*h,  Ed 6?gn2"YZ CO, efb?UBRM<N b z{  [2/g5M<9

Na-Cl, HCO- T<*2"ef 6Zeh,b?e/%  YZevi^*jf m?/Qc
8N `N NEDO :+323; &" .C<Zk^2<*"?<Nlijm z{  YZ0 : -Heῌ .He;  2.1+*0 \ 2.*+*0 ?9,nec mhR8% 45ef  oM<,
Dp &P R72<*,/hR q arT<*uTvS1`@ea%  b?RB} 2"g5M<,<*arT<*Q
Q,R?stN R   <N^\RBuB<N<*¡v
arT<* ¢ 9: £¤9,*WῌdWwXYZ0¥ ec m7M<%B¦ §w¨  2<*earT?PX ©ªxyo?«euQ,  ;T1QarT<*emh&P?N  b &PQ8eRB- ῌ
,**- / ++ ¬? +, ¬ %,>)ῌl)*¡v ­Be8NC §Oc

2] 0**K2** m ® IJ&>)L3¯z{B<, °± ^  +333
/DEL3M<N>) RB >)m|²³ vb´µ4\]} mgῌl Dp)eFQ¶·¸¹5?N `N HQR7l)cY~] vb´µ4\]9ch,­*ePb?N   *WῌdWYZ0 º¡v?>ῌl)*­Bq !%,* :»=*;­Bc8N ¡v* ­Bqe GH :well; HQ

· // ¸ ,**/§®¯° ±=io8²³´fµ¶67

Fig. + Map showing locations of water sampling in the Oita plain. Closed squares, gray hatched crosses
and open circles show sampling points at hot spring (well), cold spring and river, respectively.

 spring  river Fig. +

pH   Na, K, Ca, Mg, NH., Cl, SO.%&'()*+,-./012 32 B # 4567& H!" Li #$!899:;012<=>?@ DIC : dissolved inorganic carbonACO,aqBHCO-CBCO-,C D: EF
GHIJK@@L  EFM?@GNJ CO,aq

H, SO.

OP2Q $%&6/R/ ST

2U@?VWXGYZJ [\]^_; !`2
DIC ?Vabcde  +-Cῌ +,C  EFkῌlm2Q no

Sr OH, GHIHfJ SrCO- Gghij

Dp&@GqrJst8 CO, Gu^#v

2 Vῌ@Vbcde  ,Hῌ +H+2wx2 3

Oῌ +0O  yozo{|}~GYZ2; !`st

8 H, U@?V; !`EF bcd 2 CO, Gu^#v wx2
noabcde //,&u,-R/abcd#Rafter Stable Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences 012 

o8bcde; Z EFbcdeoG2 dD, d +2O, d +-C ;c>J
# !1Jo2<= Na, K, Ca, Mg, NH., Cl, SO., Li, B D:G Table +DIC D: CO, PD:

!"bcde dῌ῍῏῎ d ῎῍῏῎ d CDIC G Table ,
+2

+-





. 
.+  ῌEFVῌ@Vabcde dD-d +2O $ +,¡ G Fig. , EF¢/R£$&*¤¥$%&D:G¦§¨i2 32 ©_ MWL : meteoric waterline

!"aª«u)+)L¬­ andesitic magmatic steam ; Giggenbach, +33,

O«

BC·¸

68
Table +

Concentrations of major constituents and trace elements (Li and B) of water samples collected

No.

Sampling date

Type

Depth
of well
(m)

Temp.
(µ)

pH

Na

NH.

K

Oita-*+
Oita-*,
Oita-*Oita-*.
Oita-*/
Oita-*0Oita-*1
Oita-*2
Oita-*3
Oita-+*
Oita-++
Oita-+,

Nov. ,0, ,**Nov. ,0, ,**Nov. ,2, ,**Nov. ,2, ,**Nov. ,2, ,**Nov. ,2, ,**Dec. ,, ,**Dec. ,, ,**Dec. ,, ,**Dec. ,, ,**Dec. -, ,**Dec. -, ,**-

springspring
well
well
well
well
springspring
well
well
well
well

¶
¶
2**

2**
1+*
¶
¶
/1/
2**
3**
2**

+04/
+/4.043.14-,41
-.4*
+04.
+.42
-.42
.24+
-04+
.24.

/43
04+
24,
2424*
24+
0404/
041
040
041
24*

+/-.
+212
+1++
+/*3
231
+0.3
-,//
-1,+
+,,+-1*,+/2++/1/

0,4*
/042
-24/
-,42
-24.
.+4,
//42
204*
,21
3*4-2.34+

1041
2,4,
+-++0
0340
+,/
1,4,+/
012
,..
,-+
+/4*

OitaR-*+
OitaR-*,
OitaR-*OitaR-*.
OitaR-*/
OitaR-*0

Nov. ,0, ,**Dec. ,, ,**Dec. ,, ,**Dec. ,, ,**Dec. -, ,**Dec. -, ,**-

river
river
river
river
river
river

¶
¶
¶
¶
¶
¶

+-41
+,4.
++40
++40
+,40
+,4.

14/
14.
14.
140
143
14.

n.d.
n.d.
*4+
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.

+4*4/
+41
,4.
*41
*4/

+34*
04.
24/
+,4+
04,
041

[Rem] n.d. : not detected metamorphic water    +311 

 ! "  #$ %&'()*+,-./0123456'789:;<=95  >?@ABCῌDCEFGH I6JKL

M

N'+OP'>?@A: ?QR BῌDC;STU NEDO, +323 6VW9XYZ[ !
>?@ABῌDC;;\ῌ]\+ ^'45,-./0123_` , abc

Oita-*3  Oita-++  debc'>fR95 I?g ! dh+'a59ijH95jI'` !
"k ,-./0123lM945 , bc Oita-*3  Oita-++   +2,0** mg ῌ l,,-,3** mgῌl L  Im+ dD no,1.+p o,,.,p d +2O nq+.3p
q,.1p  I"'>?@Arm Is545;\ῌ]\yxz;{|}~v
+ ,-./0123;]\  _ tuvwx

'5 'XYZ[R ! I , bc

 6'  ;8n Clo/*,*** mgῌl, dD

o-*p d +2Oq2p :  +33+ %}}Mn_95  BC'?R95 ,DC Clo+2,2** mgῌl, dDo/-.-p d +2Oo-.1p ; Takamatsu et al., +320}DC Clo+.,2** mgῌl, dDo.,.3p d +2Oo,.*p ; Matsubaya et al., +31- n%+45n_9  ;8965 !
bc;'a59+ OP': R BῌDC;6M9>'+; MWL :dD2d +2Oq+*

'XYZ[R  Rm'i¡'H¢;'£=9?¤` 6;%4 d O ¥¦e9XYZ[R 6'?§m ! ¨©ª«¬bc9: 
+2­®;;'£= ?¤_95 Igm >?@A¯°¯h±²'³´` ;

» // ¼ y,**/{

%UVWX YZ[%O¨69from wells (hot springs), cold springs and rivers in the Oita plain.
Mg

Ca

Cl

NO-

SO.

Li

B

,,20
,-0*
,0-.
+2*1
-3,
,*+2
.,..-/0
+20.3
,+-/
,-212
,01/

n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.

n.d.
n.d.
,4*
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.

+*4.
34*
*4,
*4.
+4.4/
14,
+04/
/+42
,+41
--4/
*4+

,042
+240
-43
+-4,
-42
14,
.+4,
1/4+
+./
/*43
,12
/4.

,41
-40
-4,4/
-41
,43

24*
041
/4/
++43
+.40
342

*4+
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.

n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
342

(mg/l)
+/+3/
+.4+
24.
/,2
2.43
1.,
+3/
12.
+,/
+*.,
-/4,

3+4/
+1/4.
-14*
342
2243
..4*
+,/4+-24.
-.14/
1140
,2,4*
/,42

++4/4/
14.
342
++40
34,

/4*
.40
,43
.43
24.
.4-

,*4.
-43
04*
/40
.43
/41

ῌ     !

"#$%&'() *+ , -. /+01!2 d +2O

345+6789  . :;0+ ) *+ ,#$(<=.>?@ABCDEFGHI%J KLMN.O-/,P%Q-( R(%STUVWX YZ[S\]ST^VX_@%`a !b?
,#$ @cdPef 1 gh%ijkl/+mnop9q86 +0,
#$%rrst%GuIFvwxt y3,-.* mgῌl ; zῌ& ,**+{ . @P%(*,1 %#$%ῌ.|}@~ UV[S\]ST^VX_@%J%`
a. @ ("% 0 /+0,(  (
ij

(

R0%

+0,1 %, -%@."*,1  , *+ -%%.ef@#$("-./,01.,  

Table ,  /,. X yDIC{ %xt% } yd +-CDIC{ %.\@¡F¢£¤¥6789/,P%. Fig. -  @1 -%¡F¢£¤¥ X%¦§¨©`a@ª."-( R y« +33/{ %¬%#$r%?%O¨.@-.­/+® y,**+{ ( /,P% 1 -%¡F¢£¤¥¯°±Fw9%² ³´ , µ%¶?%`a(X_@-.
·/+¸! ® y,**+{ -%%X_ DIC %¦§¨/+S=r%¹ISºUV

df»¼

70
Table , dD and d +2O of water, and d +-C and concentration ofdissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of water samples from wells(hot springs), cold spring, and river in the Oita plain.
No.

Type

dDH,O

d +2OH,O

d +-CDIC

DIC(mg/l)(·)
Oita-*+
Oita-*,
Oita-*Oita-*.
Oita-*/
Oita-*0Oita-*1
Oita-*2
Oita-*3
Oita-+*
Oita-++
Oita-+,

springspring
well
well
well
well
springspring
well
well
well
well

¹-342
¹..4¹/-43¹/-4¹/14*
¹/341
¹.14/
¹.14+
¹,14+
¹.24¹,,4,
¹/34.

¹04,
¹041
¹14/
¹14¹24/
¹34*
¹/42
¹.4,
º+43
¹/4º,41
¹24-

¹.40
¹,43
¹+.4/
¹+-4/
¹-41
¹04/
¹14/
¹/4*
¹-4,
¹04.
¹-42
¹14+

+01*
+*.*
++2
-,*
,-.*
22,
-*,*
,22*
-12*
+-+*
.-,*
,**

OitaR-*+
OitaR-*,
OitaR-*OitaR-*.
OitaR-*/
OitaR-*0

river
river
river
river
river
river

¹.242
¹/*40
¹/+42
¹/-4*
¹/*4.
¹.-4/

¹14.
¹142
¹142
¹24,
¹141
¹14-

n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.

n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.

[Rem] n.a. : not analyzed

 CO, ῏

 Fig. -   !" #$%&'(  NEDO, +323" )* +,- mixing line" #./ ,**+" 0123)4 5 67* 89:;<=> d +-CDIC >" # DIC +,?@ * A>
DIC BCDE F>" #G+,?@ F* H , I῎JKLMN#OPCO,

QRST OPUVWG deep-originated thermal water" XY CO,

Q1ST Z[\]G normal groundwater" ^_'(`abc dῌefG#* gh0('+,-ijklmnS(* 0op
OPUVWGqrFJKLstukv wx .. +" yz{WG |ῌG
Oita-*3  Oita-++ 3}6tulmnS(#~1* G3jkῐS( 51 0dfῌefGop5OPUVWGqrF
JKLslmnS(# kv3}5_ * OPUVWGQRBCk (* (Z[\]Go῍+j ,5+,GQRB
Ct#v  M * OPUV¡v
Oita-*3  Oita-++ |ῌG DIC BC#* 0(¢( -,12* mgῌl, .,-,* mgῌl qrp* 1£r 4kv lmn#* yz{^_OPUVWG
G¤¥6 Na-Cl {#6p* 0(KL¦§j

Na-Cl, HCO- {4¨S(

kv© ª«¬­ v
Sk* yz{^_kvOPUVWG®¯(KLt d +-CDIC" #*Oita-*3  Oita-++ \°±²³ CO, ´µQRt¶. *.+·¸» // ¼ ,**/

dHefYZgh"#¹ºkl*+71

Fig. , dD-d +2O plots of water samples from hot and cold springs (closed circles) and from rivers (graysquares) collected in this study. Open circles show hot spring water samples collected and measured
by NEDO (+323). Open circle with dot in center indicates the Arima-type deep thermal water (Sakai
and Matsubatya, +31.). Dashed line box shows the range of dD and d +2O values of andesitic
magmatic steam (Giggenbach, +33,). Bold line box shows the range of d-values of “metamorphic
water” (Sasaki, +311). Solid straight line labeled with MWL expresses meteoric water line : dD¶2·
d +2O¸+*.

*.3 

 ; ῌ ,*** -/  

!"#$ #% &'()*+, CO, -./012!34 /0 ; 56ῌ78 +330 9:,4 ; &'()*+ CO, <=>?@"#$ %AB
CDEFGHIJK NEDO, +323 >&'()LMNOPQRS? TUV
WX $ YZLM["# CO, *+\UT% ]^_UT"`abYc,$.-   

.. + ^_UT dHefYZgh"#ijHkll./012 dD > mnop

q1 rmnst>uv,wq1x Tyz"#l {/012|}~? C$ mnst%> >  (}ῌ
( G % imnst#mnst Gn,m

¡0¢£¤¥¦§`l>yz"#+33/ ; ©ª«§ ,**-$¨`#TU ¨ ῌl mnl %(¬lq1§ ­¬lq1¦#> $ ®¯ +331 % °l}±l./01²,³h´Aµ

¢¹¼

72

Fig. - Plots of d +-C versus reciprocal of concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Closed
circles show the obtained data in this study and open diamonds are cited from Ohsawa (,**+). Twoclosed asterisks show saline waters found in the Oita plain which are classiﬁed into the “Arima-type
deep thermal water”. Solid straight line is the regression line calculated using data obtained by
NEDO by Ohsawa (,**+) and represents the mixing relation between deep-originated CO, (magmaticor mantle origins) and soil CO,. For detail, see text.

῏

,1  !"#$%& '()*+,(-./01 2345%67 89:;0<=>%&?
@ABCADE;CFG/HI/J

CO, K NaCl L<MA( %NO

& PQ 1%67 R῎QS TU +33. ; Touret, ,**+V#WXY<ZA(K[῍A( %\]O& PQ^_`a? bc @Ade<f$gh4i j1+k@ABK81;laBmnopq/ NaCl <Z D+,(7 CO, K N, rastA(K NaCl uvWX\wA(<Nx0 y ;
j1%& RScambelluri and Philippot, ,**+V? 00z{0 / |}~

j1+k@ABnopq}A Xp - PQ%&'()*+,(- Na-Cl, HCO- ῌJ%&0 ? 00 / '()*i;wj

1+,(-<9:;#

&aPQ<JD!

PQ?
;\w%& j18Y R[῍YV Fluid-mobile elements

S1Y<AD

Pb LPQ 1? 0 Li¢+k

B ;&%/ gh

Li, Rb, Cs

%/ B~A῏&$YK B,

];D B ¡@AB6r£¤¥B;DB~}¦§K¨©}¦§ R῎QSScambelluri et al., ,**. ; Savov et al., ,**/ ; Zack et al., ,**- ; Moriguti et al., ,**.V ;r$%tª«¬G;­®j1Y &a¯°±²1ra;$? 80
 ³´µ¶·¸'()*¢¹ῌº¹6r£¬»;·¸j1¢¹ RNEDO, +323V

ª // « ,**/[_rs¨©h& 

73

Fig. . Plots of dD versus Li concentration and dD versus B concentration of the hot and cold springwaters collected from the Oita plain (left side) and Arima area (right side). Solid lines are regression
lines. Closed circle show present sea water and open triangles show brines accompanied by natural
gas from Miyazaki and Chiba areas. Closed asterisks are saline waters found in the Oita plain in thisstudy. Thick allow indicates the estimated dD value of devolatilized ﬂuid from subducting oceanic
plate (Kazahaya, +331). For detail, see text.

 Li  B  

dD !"#$% &'!"( Fig. . )* Li   dD +,-. B  dD +/!"012345!*67'&% !"89:;&<0 =>?@A-BC7DE FGHI JKL MNOP<Q RS*TUV)
WX  Y&'5!"U R, + *Z;'[\]0 , ^_`abcdM*ef% )gh& , i^_0 j*k dD +ῌk Li  B  (l mj
0Z dD +ῌZ Li  B  % no dD +0,-Yp//q Q [_rstV*)M+uv p.-qwp/-q ; Table , N+;' i^_0xytz{|}4% j ~oi^_0}  Fig. .
( Oita-*3  Oita-++ +(NO* &'0*lh&Z dD + p,1q ;  +331 : Fig. .  dD S) (l Li, B
()% 0 } *()g%  Fig. . _ Masuda et al. +32/  h&
t¡¢ῌ£¤E F(¥!"8 ¦L % NOP<5!"U*§§k7

 ¡

74

Fig. / Plots of Li versus Cl concentrations and B versus Cl concentrations of the hot and cold springwaters collected from the Oita plain (left side) and Arima area (right side). Closed asterisks are saline
waters found in the Oita plain in this study.

 

  !"#

$%& '()*+,)+ Fig. . . /0 123

45

163

789: 1;3 .<=>?@ABCD

E!F 1GῌH IJKE!F ; LM +33+ ; NOῌH +3223 PQR+ST"U+ VW+,XYZ[ \]^_`.ST")*- &&  &*aD VW+,XYbcZ[_,& defg.'U+, VW- hUi/0 >?@ABCDST" 0>?@ABCDjkZ[& dl'U+,mn.o+ *- pq>?@ABC 0rsetur)*vw 1sex
yrvw3 sexzῌ.{q|*0}~d ,Q0  =& .ῌ.

LiῌB ῎ῒῑ῍ Cl ῒῑ῍῎῏ῐ . U Na-Cl, HCO- ~XYZ[ !"#$% V
WN _E!F U+ dῌ῍῏῎, d +-CDIC, Li

B d'U ~d+,_r  Cl Z[ &.in- .&.

 // ¼ ,**/

 ?Ea'(B @A75
  NEDO, +323ῌ Masuda et al., +32/  Li  !

"# B

Cl

"#$%

Cl

 Fig. / Fig. / &'() *+,-./0 123452(6
7( "#68 9"4 :2( ;< .. - = >2  !
. ?@A B"#

4 Li-Cl

CD

 
ῌ

E4FGHI'(6 =JK 4&'("#6 LMN. FG"#=O=3

B-ClKK=PQRS -  TU. 7(6=.VW=JQ X Y , ZPQ[\(]TU=JK 4L2( 4^ K(2 - TU.
FG_; `=?@Aa'(6b4cd=Je) Philippot et al.

+332 . Cl 4fgh$iIXj k

!$"[# $D ? l$mnopq

4 =&'(?@A

f$uQ Li Y Bv*w- %x^ $&M\=62'(6 =Je)Cl 6r )s*+t

b/ῌ ῍ ῐ ῏ ῎K(\=Iy' '(3B@A B

zx4 [{*w-%xs =.s> b |() ;}!a~ $*$>2 r 

E+,'(?D

>2Bv"

ῌxI$$5
K(2  o. +/,*** mgῌl _R  K(\==-2(ῌ .:6 =J^ UῌUx.6XWYI%x
4&x.

 \ /$6 0ῌCO, $a'?23@A



ῌ

DIC

.s@A$=JK
d +-CDIC

41&'(

l.H "#452( ?23

4 CO, $'

E

,

5

6I4FG

4HI'(K 4>^?23 @A$'2¡]:   !=-2(ῌdD /$7r "#*¢ r £¤ dD

B



Li, B

l.LZ9"4a~Q ¥. dD /ῌ Li 8 dDῌ8 Li

B=J E

B

Li  dD=J?@A

FG"#=O=3K 49 :;¦:2(*w- %x Ux.4/ §,1¨ =JK Y Li, B 4j*w
- [ ©ª«fgh

!=%x9<'(TU=JK s¬>2 ?

@As­B zx4*w- %x=JK 4®]&¯'( \ Cl 
"6 Li  B

l=9""#452(Li, B, Cl- TU.v=.V

W=JK $b(1 Cl 6*w- %x > $&M\=62'(TU=JV?
W4 °­( 

B.?±²³5'(Q Oita-*3

m, Oita-++ ^. 3** m



³

³´? = /1/

=.µ6?]±²'(³´L=J^ \  (6.¶i· ¸@=Jῌ¹i·4"^Q J2:B A B CD"#W4&'( K(2 K . º CDY»Ds¬

J!]^

76



    !"#$%&'()*+,-* . /012 345

+,6789 :; <3=>/012 ?@ABCDEF+,GF"#$῎

῍IGFJ!ῌK!?< L<"M N#OPQ8RFSTD%H

F$ UV1W1XYZ[\]^+,? _Rafter Stable Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences` $a%bcd&'$a%(e !FST

DF$ DF f)g*h+,?(+6,!i -.j/kF7lmn0FS
TDF$ oi"M 8pqFDk$
῏ῌ

12rs _+33+` : 34tJ!u^ vJ!bcdwx56y u^z7v J!]^ .,,,ῌ-..
Giggenbach, W.F. (+33,) : Isotopic shifts in waters from geothermal and volcanic system along
convergent plate boundaries and their origin, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., ++-, .3/ῌ/+*.

{8|9 :;}< ~} :=9 >? @A % s _,***` : BCJ! _:7t` !iDo<u&'J!]^ /* 20ῌ3-.

 E 2+FG _,**-` : G x -3,$ Hf:^I Hf$
2>5JK/,

LM _,**+` : :7J!u^z7NOu :7tJ! I+,P/3ῌ0,.

QRS _+331` : T) !iDo v¡Uv.]^¢ ,1 +*/ῌ++0.

£2¤ V¥¦| _+32/` : §¨ W .J!5 :7tJ! I+,P -0+ῌ+,.
Masuda, H., Sakai, H., Chiba, H. and Tsurumaki, M. (+32/) : Geochemical Characteristics of
Na-Ca-Cl-HCO- type waters in Arima and its vicinity in the western Kinki district, Japan,
Geochemical Journal, +3, +.3ῌ+0,.
Matsubaya, O., Sakai, H., Kusachi, I. and Satake, H. (+31-) : Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic
ratios and major element chemistry of Japanese thermal water systems, Geochemical
Hournal, 1, +,-ῌ+/+.

4X _+32+` :'bcd'$aY!i©FJ! J!]^ -+ .1ῌ/0.

4X _+33+` :  ]^ +-3$ ª«Z Hf$)¬­[ _+33.` : Oz®\ ,/0$ {]¯^ Hf$
X°_ _+33/` : ± u^`4$ T²³_ῌ´abKῌ£5cdeµD¶4f·[]^ W¸7¹º»g¼ +,-ῌ+.0 Hf:^I Hf$
Moriguti, T., Shibata, T. and Nakamura, E. (,**.) : Lithium, boron and lead isotope and traceelement systematics of Quaternary basaltic volcanic rocks in northeastern Japan : mineralogical controls on slab-derived ﬂuid composition, Chemical Geology, ,+,, 2+ῌ+**.

( // ¬ ,**/

QgNA¥¦§¨D©ª«#,l%   +320 :NEDO

+323 :  !"#$%&'

77 -1 -2ῌ/*.
( - ) *+#,-./ 012+-

3456789 ,-0.
:; < ,*** a : =>?@ABCDEFGHIJ K5 .3 ,*1ῌ,+0.
:; < ,*** b : L"MNOPJ K5 /* ++-ῌ++3.
QRST MUVW +32+ :X-+Y Z[\]A^_`a

 -, .-ῌ//.
bcd ,**+ :QAefDgh#,ijk l%

/, ,+ῌ,0.
Philippot, P., Agrinier, P. and Scambelluri, M. (+332) Chlorine cycling during subduction ofaltered crust, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., +0+, --ῌ...

mn o pqrs +330 : tuvw3x459 2-ῌ+.+ yz 5{| yza
Sano, Y. and Wakita, H. (+32/) : Geographical distribution of -He/ .He ratios in Japan : implications for arc tectonics and incipient magmatism, J. Geophys. Res., 3*, 21,3ῌ21.+.

}~ +311 : tuvw3Ja 1  59 11ῌ3/ yz 5{|yzaSavov, I.P., Guggino, S., Ryan, J.G., Fryer, P. and Mottl, M. J. (,**/) : Geochemistry of
Serpentinite muds and metamorphic rocks from the Mariana forearc, ODP sites +,** and112ῌ113, south Chamorro and Conical seamounts, Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling
Program, Scientiﬁc Results Volume +3/.
Scambelluri, M., Müntener, O., Ottolini, L., Pettke, T.T. and Vannucci, R. (,**.) : The fate of B,
Cl and Li in the subducted oceanic mantle and in the antigorite breakdown ﬂuids, Earthand Planetary Science Letters, ,,,, ,+1ῌ,-..
Scambelluri, M.and Philippot, P. (,**+) : Deep ﬂuids in subduction zones, Lithos, //, ,+-ῌ,,1.
Takamatsu, N., Imahashi, M., Kamimura, K. and Tsutsumi, M. (+320) : Geochemical implicationof the lithium content of saline spring waters in Japan.,Geochemical Journal, ,*, +.-ῌ+/+.

 r+33/ : 5 !]AC` +20a yz 5{|

 yzaTouret, J.L.R. (,**+) : Fluids in metamorphic rocks, Lithos, //, +ῌ,/.

;z pc  ¡¢ +322 : £Y BrῌCl ¤A^_` K5 -2 +++ῌ++3.
Wakita, H., Sano, Y. and Mizoue, M. (+321) : High -He emanation and seismic swarms observedin a nonvolcanic, forearc region, Journal of Geophysical Research, 3,, +,/-3ῌ+,/.0.
Zack, T., Tomascak, P.B., Rudnick, R.L., Dalpe, C. and McDonough, W.F. (,**-) : Extremely
light Li in orogenic eclogites : The role of isotope fractionation during dehydration in
subducted oceanic crust, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, ,*2, ,13ῌ,3*.