Asteroid explorer, Hayabusa2,reporter briefing

November 16, 2020
JAXA Hayabusa2 ProjectTopicsRegarding Hayabusa2,
Results of TCM-2
Work plan after capsule collectionPreparation status for receiving return samples

2020/11/16

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

2

Contents
0. Hayabusa2 and mission flow outline
1. Current status and overall schedule of the project
2. Results from TCM-2
3. Work plan after capsule collection
4. Preparation status for receiving return samples
5. Future plans
2020/11/16

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

3Overview of Hayabusa2
Objective
We will explore and sample the C-type asteroid Ryugu, which is a more primitive type than the S-type asteroid
Itokawa that Hayabusa explored, and elucidate interactions between minerals, water, and organic matter in theprimitive solar system. By doing so, we will learn about the origin and evolution of Earth, the oceans, and life, andmaintain and develop the technologies for deep-space return exploration (as demonstrated with Hayabusa), a field
in which Japan leads the world.
Expected results and effects
By exploring a C-type asteroid, which is rich in water and organic materials, we will clarify interactions between
the building blocks of Earth and the evolution of its oceans and life, thereby developing solar system science.
 Japan will further its worldwide lead in this field by taking on the new challenge of obtaining samples from acrater produced by an impacting device.
We will establish stable technologies for return exploration of solar-system bodies.
Features:World’s first sample return mission to a C-type asteroid.
World’s first attempt at a rendezvous with an asteroid and performance of observation before and after projectile
impact from an impactor.
Comparison with results from Hayabusa will allow deeper understanding of the distribution, origins, andevolution of materials in the solar system.
International positioningJapan is a leader in the field of primitive body exploration, and visiting a type-C asteroid marks a newaccomplishment.
This mission builds on the originality and successes of the Hayabusa mission. In addition to developing planetaryscience and solar system exploration technologies in Japan, this mission develops new frontiers in exploration ofprimitive heavenly bodies.
NASA too is conducting an asteroid sample return mission, OSIRIS-REx (launch: 2016; asteroid arrival: 2018;Earth return: 2023). We will exchange samples and otherwise promote scientific exchange, and expect furtherscientific findings through comparison and investigation of the results from both missions.

2020/11/16

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing(Illustration: Akihiro Ikeshita)

Hayabusa 2 primary specifications
MassApprox. 609 kg
Launch3 Dec 2014
MissionAsteroid returnArrival
27 June 2018
Deoarture
13 Mov 2019
Earth return6 Dec 2020 (plan)
Stay at asteroid Approx. 18 months
Target body
Near-Earth asteroid Ryugu

Primary instruments
Sampling mechanism, re-entry capsule, optical cameras, laser
range-finder, scientific observation equipment (near-infrared,thermal infrared), impactor, miniature rovers.

4

Mission flow
LaunchDec 3, 2014

Earth swing-by
Dec 3, 2015

MINERVA-II1 separation
Sep 21, 2018

Ryugu arrival
June 27, 2018

Target marker
separation
Oct 25, 2018

Ryugu
departure
Nov 13, 2019

Targetmarker
completeDec. 6, 2020
MINERVA-II2 separation
separation
Sept. 17,
(image credit: illustrations including spacecraft
Oct. 3, 20192019
by Akihiro Ikeshita, others by JAXA)

Earth return

2020/11/16

MASCOT
separation
Oct 3, 2018

Secondtouchdown
July 11, 2019

Targetmarker
separation
May 30,2019

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

Impactor (SCI)
5 April, 2019

First touchdown
Feb 22, 20195

1. Current project status & schedule overview
Currentstatus<– TCM-2 was performed on November 12, and the orbit was corrected as planned.
– The preliminary capsule recovery team entered Australia on November 1 and moved toWoomera on November 16. The main team entered Australia on November 9 and are
currently quarantining in Adelaide.
2015Schedule
overview123

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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing62. TCM-2 results• TCM-2, the second precision orbit control using the chemical thrusters(RCS), was performed on November 12. The orbit correction wasachieved as planned. (TCM: Trajectory Correction Maneuver).
• The orbit correction was performed around 15:44 JST and 16:45 JST(trim = small correction).
• The orbit control amount is about 1 cm/s and the closest approach to theEarth has been changed from about 310 km () to about 290 km.
• Spacecraft condition is normal.
 In the press briefing material on October 29, the closest altitude to the Earth was reported tobe 330km after TCM-1, but the correct value was 310 km.
2020/11/16

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

73. Work plan after capsule collection
From capsule collection to airlifting to Japan

Work flow after discovery (nominal case)
1. Of the capsule-related equipment found, the highest priority
will be to collect the instrument module (I/M), which is themain body.
2. After the I/M safety processing at the collection site, transport
will progress to the Quick Look Facility (QLF) by helicopter.
3. At the QLF, the I/M will be disassembled and the sealed sample
container holding the Ryugu sample will be removed.
4. The gas sampling device will be connected to perform a simple
analysis by extracting the gas that is thought to have beenreleased from the Ryugu sample into the sample container.
(This is newly developed for Hayabusa2)
5. Storage in a dedicated sealed transport box and airlifted toJapan.
Image creditJAXA
2020/11/16

Work flow after discovering the capsule (partly from the photos from Hayabusa)

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing83. Work plan after capsule collection
Until sample reaches the curation chamber   

Work flow after discovery cont. (nominal case)
6. Operate from Haneda Airport to ISAS by land, bring into theclean room of the curation facility.
7. Perform some disassembly work, such as removal of theablator.
8. Attach the “sample container opening mechanism”, perform
disassembly work to connect to the clean chamber while
maintaining the seal.

Shipping box for transporting 1/M byhelicopter

The gas samplingdevice

Transport box for transporting sample container to Japan
Sample container connect
to the gas sampling device

9. Connect to Room 3-1 (CC3-1) of the clean chamber and createa vacuum environment.
10. Take out the sample catcher from the sample container in a
vacuum environment and remove the lid.
11. Pick up part of the Ryugu sample and store this in a vacuumenvironment.  Refer to curtain work for details after CC3-1.
the sample catcher

2020/11/16

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

Connection to container opening mechanism and CC3-1 (rehearsal)

94. Preparation for receiving return samples
Curation view point•••

Curation here is the acceptance and initial description of the Hayabusa2 sample, theallocation to later detailed analysis and storage work for the future.
The curation work begins once the sample container is connected to the clean chamber.
Until then, the sample is under the jurisdiction of the sampler team.
The work during the 6 months after receiving the return sample is the primary curation
work where the work listed below is performed.

– Connection of the sample container to the clean chamber.
– Removal and storage of part of the sample from the sample catcher (vacuum environment).
– Extraction of the bulk sample from each room of the sample catcher and initial description (nitrogenenvironment).
– Pick-up individual samples and sort aggregate samples.
– Selection and proposal of samples to be distributed to the initial analysis team and Phase 2 team.
– Individual initial descriptions of the distributed samples and packing and distribution (shipping) of thedistribution (transport) containers.

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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing10

4. Preparation for receiving return samples
Curation policy• During the primary curation work, the initial description is made with thefollowing constraints:– Sample is not exposed to the global atmospheric environment.
– Sample is not intentionally destroyed (damaged).
– Sample is not lost.

• Initial description items have the following content:– Optical observation (optical microscope observation)– Weight measurement– Spectral observationwith FTIR and MicrOmega)

• The initial description is used to archive the data, in addition to being used toselect samples for distribution and sample maintenance for later sample
distribution and international open research.
MicrOmega is an observation instrument provided by the IAS under the CNES/JAXA agreement.
https://global.jaxa.jp/news/2019/2020/11/16

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing11

4. Preparation for receiving return samples
Sample container structureFeatures of the sample container• A metal seal structure maintains
the seal.
• Interface for collecting gas from
the sample container.

• 3 sample storage chambers. The
sample from TD1 is in chamber
A, the sample from TD2 is in
chamber C.
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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing12

4. Preparation for receiving return samples
Clean chamber configuration
CC3-1 : Opening of the sample container(vacuum environment)
CC3-2 Opening of the sample catcher andremoval of part of the sample (vacuumenvironment)
CC3-3 Replacement of vacuum environment
with nitrogen environment.
CC4-1 Deconstruction of the sample catcher andbulk sample recovery (nitrogenenvironment)
CC4-2Individual sample collection and initialdescription (nitrogen environment)   
2020/11/16

bluevacuum environment Rednitrogen environment 
Hayabusa2 reporter briefing13

4. Preparation for receiving return samples
Work flow until sample collection
••
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Connection of sample container to CC3-1
Sample container opened
Transport of sample catcher to CC3-2
Sample catcher chamber A lid opened
Partial sample collection and storage from chamber A
Transport of sample catcher to CC3-3
Catcher handling jig installed
Transport of sample catcher to CC4-1
Sample catcher disintegration and bulk sample collection

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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

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4. Preparation for receiving return samples
Work flow after sample collection•••••••••••

Transport of bulk sample to CC4-2
Weigh bulk sample
Optical observation of bulk sample
FTIR observation of bulk sample
Transport of bulk sample to CC3-3
MicOmega ) observation of bulk sample ( instrument provided by the IAS under international
cooperation)
Transport of bulk sample to CC4-2
Pick-up of individual samples
Initial description of individual samples (optical observation, weighting, FTIR observation, MicOmegaobservation)
Selection of distribution sample
Packing and shipping of distribution samples in shipping containers.

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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing15

4. Preparation for receiving return samples
Work schedule (planned)••••

Early December: Return capsule arrives at Sagamihara
Mid-December Sample container clean chamber connected.
Late-December Bulk sample removal, initial description begins.
Mid-January Individual sample pick-up begins

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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

164. Preparation for receiving return samples
Sample distribution policy

5%
JAXA

NASA

Initial Analysis

15%   

• Allocation to overseas Phase2 curation is 5wt%
• Allocation to NASA 10wt%

10%

10%

Storage

2020/11/16

JAXA allocation anddomestic Phase2 curation
15wt%

5%
Phase2Phase2
w/ overseas

40%• Sample for detailed description by JAXA is 5wt%
• Allocation to domestic Phase2 curation is 10wt%

15%

Int’l AO

NASA allocation andoverseas phase2curation
15wt%• Allocation for the 1st international analysis open
call is 15wt%• Allocation to the initial analysis team is15wt%• The remaining 40wt% will be stored as a sample
for future work and be used as a sample for thesecond and subsequent open call for participant
analysis.

 The sample distribution ratio will be finally decided by the Hayabusa2
Sample Allocation Committee (HSAC)
Hayabusa2 reporter briefing17

4. Preparation for receiving return samples
Sample distribution schedule (planned)  

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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing18

5. Future plans
Operation scheduleNovember 26, 2020 planned TCM-3
December 6, 2020
Re-entryPress and media briefings
November 2020 TBD
Press briefing @ online TBD

2020/11/16

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

19Reference material

2020/11/16

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing20Return cruise operation plan
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Operation plan for re-entry terminal guidanceCapsule separation
around 12/5 14:00-15:00 JST~220,000 km from Earth

DoneTCM-0

Orbit fine adjustmentusing RCS, same for later TCMs
(around 10/22, ~17M km from Earth)

Done
Orbit fine adjustment(around 11/12, ~9M km from Earth)

TCM-1

TCM-2

Te
(O rmin
cto albe Gur idanc)ePhaTargeting to Woomera(around 11/25-19, ~3.5M km from Earth)

TCM-3

Change to Earth departure trajectoryaround 12/5 15:00-17:00 JST
~200,000 km from Earth

Orbit fine adjustment(around 12/1. ~1.8M km from Earth)

TCM-4

Capsuleseparation

seTCM-5• May change depending on conditions.
• At TCM-0,1,2, the spacecraft will enter an orbit that passes more than 200 km away from the Earth.
• After capsule separation, the spacecraft will divert from the reentry trajectory by TCM-5.
2020/11/16

Capsule landingaround 12/6 2:00-3:00 JST 

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

deltituasingsam
P00k2>

Targe
for t traTC ject
M- or0,1 y,2Ion engine TCMDone9/17, ~36M km from Earth)TCM: Trajectory Correction ManeuverryectojartapecsE    22