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Signiﬁcance of Regional Community Supporting
System of Hot Spring Resources andCommunal Baths in Nozawa Spa
Michio ISHIKAWA+

Abstract
There are abundant natural sulfureous hot springs and +- spots communal baths in
Nozawa Spa, Nagano Prefecture. Traditional spas in Nagano Prefecture are characteristicof large amount of communal baths and concentration of symbolic communal bath named“Ohyu”. The fact that Nozawa Spa opens all of +- spots communal baths to every visitor
without charge is rare case,next to Kusatsu Spa, Gunma Prefecture with +2 spots communal baths. And free tour of bathing to every communal bath contributes to cheering
up spa town. That owes to usual maintenance and support by neighbors of each communal bath called “Yu-nakama” that means bathing associates.
The history of Nozawa Spa goes back to early medieval age, and about that timebathing people would have probably begun to use communal bath. In the early period of
Edo era there were - spots communal baths in Nozawa Spa, containing representative
communal bath named “Soyu”. During Edo era there were 0 spots communal baths.
These baths and hot spring sources have been protected by village as common property,
partly by neighborhood of each communal baths. This historic structure of joint ownership is called “So-yuu”, originated from so-calling “So-son” like traditional self-governed
community in medieval age in Japan. And “Yu-nakama” is also originated from solidarity called “nakama” of regional spa community in Edo era.
In Nozawa Spa there are traditional self-governed community organization called“Nozawa-gumi” and also “Yu-nakama”, both maintaining a tradition of self-control andmanagement. Recently, these trends are very anxious that many spa towns are not fullof life and natural hot springs resources are nearly exhausted because of ruthless exploitation. So this would be a time to evaluate the existence of communal baths andself-governed community organization and communal solidarity and self-control systemthat have been kept in spa villages as Nozawa Spa.
+

 ,*, ῌ **,-  + ῌ . ῌ , ῌ +**+ + Shinmachi + ῌ . ῌ , ῌ +**+, Nishi-Tokyo-shi, Tokyo,*,ῌ**,-, Japan.

39

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Key words : Nozawa Spa, Communal bath, Ohyu, Soyu, Historic communal joint ownership  
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51