" #  /+ ! ,**,

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+

 ,  + , +-  2  ,*   +-  +,  ++ 

Temporal Variation in Chemical Composition of Ground
Water from the Matsushiro Earthquake Swarm
Area at an Earthquake
Tamotsu OKUSAWA+ and Hiroaki TSUKAHARA,+

Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University,
Fuculty of Scinence, Shinshu University

Abstract
The cause of Matsushiro Earthquake Swarm is interpreted in terms of deep groundwater intrusion into seismogenic layer. The swarm earthquake had been extremely
active for - years from +30/. A vast amount of ground water was springing out from theground for the active period. Ground water mixed with the deep water is still upwellingon the surface at the Matsushiro area. In order to know characteristics of the groundwater, we compiled all of the published data on chemical analysis of ground water aroundthe Matsushiro area and analyzed at present many ground water specimens from thearea. The results are as follows. (+) Concentrations of the major components of Cl andNa in all over the sites have approximately a linear relation. Time variation inconcentrations of Cl and Na at one site also has linear relation. These relations suggestthat the variations in chemical composition among sampling sites and sampling times are
due to mixing of shallow thin ground waters with a concentrated deep ground waterwith various ratio. (,) If examined in detail, the coe$cients, that is slopes of the linear
relation are di#erent a little with each other. The di#erence can be explained in terms ofthe chemical reaction between rocks and water. Cl does not change but Na changes
with the reaction. Further, the slopes indicate that Cl concentration increases linearly
147

¼

148

with depth but Na does not increase linearly. Na concentration is estimated to be
step-like distribution with depth. (-) A shallow earthquake of M ..* occurred just below
the area during our water sampling time. Water upwelling rate, water temperature andconcentrations of Cl and Na are changed abruptly. The changes can be explained interms of mixing of neighboring ground waters. (.) Unusual concentrations in Cl andNa were observed in water specimens obtained from some of sampling sites before one
and a half months of the earthquake. Unusual chemical compositions were also observedin water specimens obtained from a sampling site in a period from a week to / weeks after
the earthquake. These phenomena are interpreted that mixing with a ground water with
di#erent ratio of Cl to Na takes place with the earthquake.
Key words : Matsushiro Earthquake Swarm, Deep ground water, Ground water chemistry, Earthquake chemistry, Water induced seismicity :  
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Fig. + Locations of measurement points of springs (). Each number corresponds to that in Table+. The area between two lines indicates a zone of the buried Matsushiro earthquake faults.
Base map is + : ,/,*** “Matsushiro” topographic map issued by the Geographical Survey
Institute.

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Table +

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Table +g-No$

Measurement points (each number corresponds to that in Fig. +).
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H®ῌ)*"0 *5t pqrst ¯stZ[°K$pq%x i+30/Wj s±' ²oK³Q0 Fig. + I´&vµ¶±JV$
No. +῏ 1 : +33. # . ·W+33. # +, ·¸"K¹KL-$ T'+º.-$
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¦§²D7 !³F ¯° A I9±4*®c¯°U* f7-´3HF

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Fig. , A schematic drawing for explaining the Matsushiro Earthquake Swarm.
The deep ground water rises up into the focal area while causing theearthquakes. Finally, water overﬂows on the surface.

AB

152
Table ,
No.

Name

Date

+ Matsushiroso well
, Ichiyokan well No.+ (B)- Ichiyokan well No. - (c). Showaryo spring No. +/ Showaryo spring No. ,0 Tamayorihimenomikoto-Jinjamae
1 Matsuinoizumi
2 Onsendanchi well No. +3 Onsendanchi well No. ,+* Matsushiro-Onsenkominkan++ Showaryo spring No. +, Komoinoizumi+- Ichiyokan-Minami+. Minakamiyma-Sancho-Ike+/ Showaryo,***/+*/+,,***/+*/+,,***/+*/+,,***/+*/+,,***/+*/+,,***/+*/+,,***/ 0/ .
,***/+*/+,,***/+*/+,+333/ ,/+,,***/+*/+,,***/ 0/ .
,***/+*/+,,***/ 0/ .
,***/+*/+,

Water qualities of individual spring waters analized

Tem.
(8)

E.C.
(S/m)

pH

Li9
(mg/l)

Na9(mg/l)

-14,
.*41
,241
,-4,

+400
+41*
*420
*4..

04+1
04,+
04*/
04+/

042
-42
.4,
*41
*40

+14,
-*40
,-40

014.mS/m

,-4/
+142
,040
+14,

*4/0-41mS/m*433,+43mS/m

-5-,*
,5+**
,5,,*
/20
-0++*
.241
-5//*
,51+*
-5.**
.-.
034,
133
/4+-5-1*

+4+/

0410
04+*

/411

04*/

*4*,
143*
041*
04+0
*4/*
*4*/
+4.*
*4**
043*

Fig. - Plots of Na9 content against Cl: content in ground waters in the Matsushiro Earthquake
Swarm Area (+33.ῌ,***). ; : Matsushiroso, < : Ichiyokan well No. -, = : Ichiyokan well No. +,> : Showaryo spring No. +, ? : Showaryo spring No. ,, @ : Tamayorihimenomikoto-Jinjamae,
and 9 : Matsuinoizumi. Line-A is the best ﬁt line for the data.

-, 


#$

 
   !" %Fig. +& '( )*+,ῌ-ῌ./01234567

X /+ Y ,**, JKLM8N8O5PQR 89:S98N5,TUVW

153

in this study (each number corresponds to that in Fig. +).
KI(mg/l)

Ca,I(mg/l)

Mg,I(mg/l)

Total Cat.
(meq/l)F$(mg/l)

Cl$(mg/l)

Br$(mg/l)

.,,1+
,//
.3
,24-*4/
.4*0
.2/
-01
./3
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.,,

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221
.,1
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+13
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+2,
+30
3*4+
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..43
04/1
,,+13
,+0
0+4,
04.0
+*.
+4,,.-/4.0/4..42,
/4+1

25-+*
/53**
05.-*
,5.0*
+5+0*
+5*-*
+,.
153**
/50.*
251-*
+5/0*
1041
,531*
043+
25.-*

+/42
+*42
+*4+
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,4-1
*40,
/41*
/433

/4,*40/
/4**
*4+*
/4**

,41,
*4.3
++434*/.423,4304.,
*4*/
+-42

NO-$
(mg/l)

/43.

+,4*

SO.,$
(mg/l)

Total Ani.
(meq/l)

-*2
,3/
--+
+33
+,,
+2*
.-4/
+3+
,*.
+01
+.//4,,1
+42*
-++

,.+
+1+23
1-43
-/4--4*
.4/.
,,1
+0.
,/*
.14-4-3
2243*4.,./

Fig. . Rapid increase in Cl$ concentration in the hot water from the Ichiyokan well (No. +)in the period from +30/ to +300 (after Noguchi et al. +303).

 ῌ +303  +310  Fig. .  +300 +301 

+ !"# Cl$ %&'()*+,-ῌ +303 +300  3 ./Cl %&'()0123  45 6789:12;3<=>?*$+@A  BC Cl$ %&'() +302 /DE5 //** mgῌl FCD12 GCH

°2±²

154

Fig. / Plots of NaJ content against ClL content in the hot water from the Ichiyokan well No. +.
Data after Okusawa and Tsukahara (,**+), Geol. Surv. Japan. (+313 a, b), Kakegawa (+302),
Kasuga (+310), Kitano et al. (+301), Matsushiro Public Health Center (+301 a, b, c), Noguchi(+301), Noguchi (+302), Noguchi et al. (+303), Noguchi et al. (+31*), Tsurumi (+313), andUmemura and Harada (+302 a, b). Line-B is the best ﬁt line for the data.


 +310 ῌ +303   

!" +33. #$% 0,*** mgῌl &'()*ῌ+, ,**+

Fig. / $ -./ + 012 +30+ # 3456789: ;< +33. # =>?@A# $BCDEFGHI NaJ K ClL MN$!

OP Q$RSX -./ + 012K Y(Z[\IP] O

T(UVW



5678^6_ Fig. . $\O[`a$ +30/ #;< +31* #_$B  b12
ClL FcZdGHI[efg;  bGH% Fig. / $!
/ ij B $kl GHI -hij Fig.

`a$mn  b % oFpqrst$u vw7xy

KzF{w7xyK|}"~l GH[\Kn Khd $`l  cZ
FGHI

KZ\u"  $[%d NaJ, ClL $[bK\u   Fig. / tijt$l

K abK% vw7xyK{w7xy|~GH[[$[\u  K n +31* #_$% '([FIK `a$  b % 345678^ [u  b9 34778^% '([$Z -.
/12I [b7¡y\  ¢ $¡£¤ῌFK\$;"'([$l¥ +312 # ¦m +313 % ClL FῌNaJ F§¨zdl !" t$O[ij B ;<©
%©

 +32- # +33. #\ªe$ +31* #_$ b % )*ῌ+, ,**+ «]<®; [ Na-Cl ¯y% ­K$ Ca-Cl ¯$GHNaJ Fzd ij B ;<`a$ ¬ywXs ­d[u Kn<

 h"

¹ /+ º j,**,o ¦§pq1K1¨ª¸1$|$1K4.V- l,-155

Fig. 0 Plots of Na content against Cl( content in the hot spring water from the Ichiyokan wells.
¶ : Ichiyokan well No. +. · : Ichiyokan well No. -.

 

Na  Ca, 

Na #$%&' Cl )*+,- ./


(

!"

Cl(  01$

23 245367./8 01$91$:;<=)>?@ 55A%&'BCD + EFGH09:;<=Cl( 23I

J /1KLMNOP5 +31* QRS -* QT)*+,- U/.//VW32675'<XYZ[,-\]YI5A BCD + Eῌ- EFG% +33. Q)>B^T_`abP5' c!" Fig. 0 d' Fig. / ef Na  Cl( ghi/Ud 54%& jFig. - BCDFGkl +33. Qlmno'
Fig. / I37pq1KLM[nr.,-<s7t +33. QBQT)*+?@

5uv&/w c7%4xy,-I37' ,-z{Fig. 0 i/U|} C j+ EFG |} C+ - EFG |} C-o ~PU/'  ,-BQT U U,- Ui wt#23 { ,- U/ /V
% ./' O5 ,-%4./'
O5 |} C

Fig. - |} A b% . O5 |} C|} A V 

4% ./' .V.,-2/U/U %s 1K.+nr.1,M/uv%

R8V)>|} C 8~P5 .,- U/2'% 8V BCDFG- lnr.,>?@

RS

c7O%nr.,-£.P56.,- jFig. 0 |} C 8~P5,-o ¤2I37¥%&' z{@%r«Ul¬­®¯+31* Q¡O%% c¢ )¦§1¨©ª4ef%& ª1e° e± +31* Q¡)>?@ Ui j²³ῌ´ ,**+o c¢ c7O%nr.,- £. ,- 6.4% c,-µ 4c7O% £

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156

  

Fig. -

 ! Fig. 0  C "#$%&'()

*+,"-./01 "12--+333+*,3 

+333 3 +* 4 ,3 50

6?B678

M ..* 
M ..* 

67 9:;<=>$6?%@A*+, + Cῌ- C(DEFG H

IJK%LM NO0% P

Fig. 1 (a) Temporal variation in the concentrations of NaQ, ClR and temperature of the hot waterfrom the 20 m deep Ichiyokan well No. + immediately after the M ..* earthquake occurrence.
(b) Temporal variation in the concentrations of NaQ, ClR and temperature of the hot water fromthe +,,m deep Ichiyokan well No. - immediately after the M ..* earthquake occurrence.

­ /+ ¼ #,**,) ¶·¸¹JKJºBC

JI LIJK["¨»$!"

157

Fig. 2 Plots of Na. content against Cl/ content in the hot water from the Ichiyokan well just after+333. +*. ,3 M ..* earthquake occurrence. ³ : Ichiyokan well No. +. µ : Ichiyokan well No. -.

 ῌ Fig. 1   ῌ

 !" #/ $%& +'() *+

#a , + - b , - -) '

Na  Cl ,0123456(2!"*(278 #9:;< : *.33/ #+ -)
.

/*.33. : #- -))=34>!"*(?0@   + -A, BCDEF  Na ῌCl/ ῌ ?EF( - -A,GHI(.

Fig. 2  ' #Fig. 1 +(JKLM& +'N )  Na.  Cl/ :;*+  O

4!"(@@0=P Q!",LRSTUVW2X  Fig. 2 A,LR* D ( LR D , Fig. 0 7Y LR C ,Z[ A \8]^ _`[!",Z[ ab*c\!"AdW efgh, Qi + - : 20 m, - - : +,, m Ad ?
=j klm ? JK3 Kn38e opq(1rs!"Ad tu vw?\4 LR D Hxbyz{,|}~* @= %4JH ?pq(3u ?

?d8HI(2X[X #+ -A,]^ 38 S() @= j k%4j k ?pq(tu=  [7 Ca,. !", Na., Cl/ !",Z[ A pA,vwA[X Ca,.
!"\X2, ῌ| #,**+) 2X 3 lm?
8 X Q1 pFu2 Ca,. \X2,3 !"?
dWAd  Mg,., F/, SO.,/ D,_DA,d ?  Na., Cl/ !",9:?`X o!"?T=[X1 Q|, ¡¢£¤¥¦Y@=,w=@A,[X? §=@"¨ d X,=*©^ª«¬­®JI ?%4_Dp( [¯?tu=  M ..* JK°M,¯Ad@ Fig. 3  +332 ±²,*** ±efg7Y £¤¥*+#¦( Fig. 2 +( M..* JKLM& +'£¤¥,«12X[X) ³´,e



158

Fig. 3 Plots of Na9 content against Cl content in the hot water from the Ichiyokan well in the
period from Dec. +332 to Oct. ,***.  : Ichiyokan well No.+.
: Ichiyokan well No. -. Mgroup are the data obtained in a period from a week to / weeks the M ..* earthquake. The datawith +333. 3. ++ is that of +./ months before the M ..* earthquake. Line-E are the best ﬁt lines forthe data except those on +333. 3. ++ and M-group.

 + 
(
8 Na9-     E +   E+ - 

M ..*   + E-!"# $% !" &' Fig. 0 +33. )*+,-./ 01 !" &' C 2 3456#(7:;<=>?-@ABC% Na9 D:;<=>?EDFC%

Ca-Cl J? 0K L2MNOP QR

 E

GHI

+332 )S,*** )*+,-.

/ 01#C%
 + T +333 ) ++  *UVTW2*@FXYZ / &[Fig. 3M-+ + 

 !" M-- -  !" \]^* -. Z2_`F]^*abcdeP
C% Dfg eO*R`%D

Fig. 3 *\mn*

0  - l*`D!"#h2 i!" jk`DO +333 ) 3  ++ lP-./ ZgO o68pPC% eO* / -.

!" qr!a*s R Fig. 2 *eP

Z H mn* 5t u_`D  E+, EQR  /* l
r!avw.

!"2  + T!"2

qr!a*s + lT!" q!" xy2zFC%2%n2. .+ 

!"

ῌ oi{| r }~| r

F +30/ )S+31* )*EgOo ED» /+ ¼ >,**,B ./ 0 (r 5

5 0_N,¸¹º+,

159

Fig. +* A schematic drawing for explaining the variation in chemical composition of upwelling
ground water. Deep ground water obtains Ca,6 from rocks and loses Na6 during its upwardmigration through cracks. The shallow water is enriched in Ca,6. Ground water observed on
the surface is a mixture of deep and shallow ground waters with its own ratio.

 ῌ   !"#$%&'ῌ ῌ (ῐ)*+,-  ./ 0 1234 5  Na6, Cl7 *8ῌ!"#$%9: ./ 0 ;<= >+30/ ?@+31* ?AB   4 5CDῐ*    EF+, +,9:* 4 5 * GH I&'J KLMNON PQ
RSKMTU9+31* ?A CVWPQRSKMXYZ[+,\ >Fig. / ]^B +31* ?A

54dXY 4 5

./ 0;<_`abc-i j4 5 J 5efῐ*`agh- [KMk῍jj gh-lmY[*n_+,*oY[ p9:qNX [ KMk῍*ghr KMk῍sZ
12&'+,*t῎uN3vw[ i  kxyzO

F{ |῏}3lmY[  |9 *~ r
 3-+ 

 [}9 +,+,\lm

Y[  Cl #$% 9_Y[O
7[4 5 _ 9: - Na6 #$%~   Ca,6 #$% #$%* Cl7 #$%&'- Na6 #$%&'I5r >Fig. +*B Fig. / jO

+31* ?A*gh-n[}9 +,XY+, > B XYZ[+,B -  9:  |9 *kxyzOF{῏rN3
i  I Na6 &' - mῌ ¡¡¢£¤¥¦ >Na6 #$% §¨©&'ª«¤¥¦B¬­oY[

 kxy®F{oY[&'+, CVW+,kxr[¯ °±+,9: * CVWPQRSKM9TUr Cl7 #$%&' +,-
Na6 #$%&' +,²*±O+,B  RSKM Fig. ¶qNX s5 Fig. 0

 A ¡ Fig. /12lm· C ¡ Fig. 3

 E >¬­ ³´F

 B _µ*± [p

­®¯

160

Fig. ++ A schematic drawing of variation in Na' concentration with depth. Na' concentration has
been changed with reaction between rocks and ground water. Ground water in an aquifer withthe same rocks becomes almost the same concentration of Na' after long reaction time.

& !"#$%

Cl



Na'

 () ** +,-  3&45467 3 Na' 8901 

./012$% Na'3:;#$&4$% <5 =2>3?@#$ABCD
$%

52-

ECl G1 2

HIF

7$% Fig. ++ TUVWX#% ClFig. 0 \ Fig. 3 ()#$F

Na'

JKLMN OP

F#$ Na'$QRS4:;Y2Z6 5[

]^2Z6_`$$%., ῌ abCc:d*+31* ef 7<g^`:;&4h`$:;2i<-5jQ*

2 oFig. / pqr +31* est 2g9uv

kl mn ^555[ >32@<$

AB2wxD&-5QRS47$% j5[ umn5yz{ oFig. ++r | Na'
<}KLMOPWX6~Cl|()

!"5QRS47$% j5[ +31* ef< ` ^$jQ`$%+31* ef >2?@#$AB2C_` j5[Q2`i[5QRS47$% +31* es 7<:;Qh`$:;Wi[$ uyz{ oFig. ++r  Na'2 7< 5&4 KLMOPQ

:Hi[5jQ2 |% 5[ Fig. - *^h`$:;Q`-

7I wx]$%῍ wxM
Fig. ++ SI B  >| Cl

 !"#$2 Na' E

jQ2RS47$% 7£ *>2h` Cl
(Q¤¥:; `E 

 >Q ()¡¢Q`-$2h`-  Na'Q |jQ¦O§$% +-  ¨ ©2 Na'2ª Q |jQ§$% Fig. 0 \ Fig. 3 47$A«Z` abDcB
47$:;| Na' E:;Y/` :; j| 5¬~$QRS

» /+ ¼ A,**,C RSTU
 

 ¹` >





a>

3Z 4/ºI/

161   !

"#$%& ' ( Cl) *+,-./0& Na1 *+,-.2/0 34'3  Fig. 0line-E 567 / '4089

line-C, Fig. 3:3$%ῌ; /
&<=3

>?@ AB !C D&#'3:EF3G 

E&HIJ  !KEFL
+30/ PQRSTU

L

M

  !N "#&2O>V N

V!

AW *+, : Cl), Na1C &XYZJ[ Cl) *+,3 Na1 *+,&\]^ 0/_`'3  AFig. b A c Fig. /aab B 5/C

deL fῌgh

i3 jk  !\]lm0 f !L Cl)*+,-.n0 Na *+,-. /&7J67 /&2& Aab C cab E 5
1

/C '40o>L&U<`3   !N"#: Cl) *+,-.

/ p = Na *+,-.&qrs/`'33  A %t Fig. ++ 1 V. B

V. A&"#`uC +333 P +* v ,3 w

xyz

M ..*

v{ Cl) *+,-. Na1 *+,-.3Z/0 F; /N|}~0&''4089:3$%3&.- 
+31* P ' TU  ! V! > 3! > 3 "^&\]lm0 j

& UL2^0 de/7J Z 3% 

{Lt  Na1 -.&>`342& yP. ^s{L ' \3 `'3&L L  {L/ tF; /L2& '40/ Na1 *+,-. Cl) *+,-. p0(Z ym & `  F; Na1 *+,.3 Cl) *+,-.:0Z A\]^ _ZC Cl) *+,-. /^
0 Na1 *+,-. /&7J 34'3L2  A+333 P +* v ,3 wC

(0 F;3G /& Cl) *+,-. Na1 *+,-.&F;N/ A|}~C 0 L2 ' / F; ^ _/N/L2
Cl) *+,-.&> Na1 *+,-. ¡`34Z L GF¢3% '40GF¢x + zv{£¤¥J& + zv¦Z § GF¢&

Na1, Cl) *+,-.&F;_|}~`34'3

! &/034'3L2 '40GF&¤¥J > > &<¨©L23Z% ª;/_¤¥0t F; Na1 *+,.3 Cl) *+,-. ^ _/N/ ANa1 *+,-.& ¡0 Cl) *+,-.&>`:4 /C &¤¥Ju&¥J'3 /   «¬L RSTU de_ª;s¤¥`'3 ­®¯° ±ῌ²³´µ¶3_·^$¸`'3:/`N_¬0 de '>(0 >

&*+,-.&:4

:4 Z L2N_N0:43

4uv

162

   +333  +*  ,3  M ..*    !ῌ " # $()*  01
 >?
CCa

,/

% +31* & Cl' ()*  +,-.   Na/

23 145678!78  9:7 ;<& =%  @8;A  ? B Na/ ()* ()*DE F GH 78 IJ

῍ KL% M()*.

23 . 55Na/, Cl' ()* 1? 55   %-?NO PQ  Na/ ()*  Cl' ()* %+,RSTO

῎ KL UV WP Na/, Cl' ()* Q  $ % Cl' ()*R7%

7X Na/ ()*

Na ()* % Z!"[ /

R7%4

Y%?8

% \#] 78 ^$% .  _V Cl' ()*%`   & abc'?
 Na/ ()*%d("[c'?) ῏ $* + +333  +*  ,3  CM ..*F ,-e-  ῍

23%h? hi.

fgU ]/%  01!7 2

()*  KjV ῐ kl* -3m>4% n5ῌ67()*  P ()*%8  >?    op-; a9B7:;

ῑ ,-eA ῍ qr ῐCNa/ ()*  X Cl' ()*  ]/ ῎  2

fg23%h?
Y?F

()*  P

()*

hi.

U  s78 

῍<tuvwxyz{|=>?} % ~ ῌ@A_VIJ  BPC?Q
8 8 -3m } % DE!78  4@A%BFH?GQ78 8 ()*H@A R7% I
vJvKLMN?} CFOP} cQ8  IJ?

BP¡¢8 8 £R¤SH %?¥¦*8  TUGV§W

B

X1!  P¨©  ?q Tyz-K%GKªuvyzYZ¡« C¬[\­++0.*.+-F

῏

Z¡U

ῌ

6]£{ C+313 aF : " 4

@A®¯ <tuvwxyz°^ .+ -16]£{ C+313 bF : 4 _` <tuvwxyz°^ .+ +03Hagiwara, T. and T. Iwata (+302) : Summary of the Seismographic Observation of Matsushiro
Swarm Earthquakes, Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo, .0, .2/ῒ/+/.

±a-? C+302F : " ῌ²³´ῌbῌ µc4`@]£2 ¶··uS¸ C¹de@ºF+ -,0  C+310F : "   X»4 v¼¸ 10 10ῒ20
Kitano, Y., R. Yoshioka, F. Okuda and K. Kazuo (+301) : Geochemical Study of Ground Waters

k /+  ,**, 9:s2t.D w3w

[\]< IJ;<

163

in the Matsushiro Area. Part + : Chemical composition of ground waters, Bull. Disast.
Prev. Res. Inst., +1, .1῎1+.
Nakamura, K. and Y. Tuneishi (+301) : Ground Cracks at Matsushiro Probably of Underlying
Strike-slip Fault Origin, I-Preliminary Report Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst., .., +-1+῎+-2..

 +31+ : 

!" +* #$ +,1῎+--%&'()*+ +301 a : ,=>./0123345678 9:

34;< +2

?@AB .+ +313 p 02 CD%&'()*+ +301 b : EF 1GHIJK 9:

34;< +3 =>?@AB .+ +313 p 03 CD%&'()*+ +301 c : GHIJLM;<  , $H 9:

34;< ,* =>?@AB .+ +313 p 1* CD%'NOPQ +301 : GH < RS ,* ++-῎++0%'NOPQ +302 : &'(GH< IJ GH

 +2 /*῎/-%'NOPQ T'U VWXYZ +303 : 9:

[\]GH3;<^.D _<`ab GH ,* 01῎3-%'NOPQ T'U cdef ghij +31* : 9:
D _< `ab k , l GH

[\]GH3;<^.

 ,+ +-.῎+..%mn ) opqr ,**+ : 9:s2t.Duv w3

xy z +313 : 23< `{|_<  +- +2῎,-%} q p~ +302 a : 346I ῌ 23 6I . => /- ,.+῎,/-%]23 3^.D?@AB .+ +313 p +,+ CD%} q p~ +302 b : 346I ῍ 23ῌ 3M`;< 3 3^.D6I 0῎2 =>]2?@AB .+ +313, p +,-῎+,/ CD%" ,*** :K I +,  ++ # ,+ "