Press-in Retaining Structures: A Handbook
Second Edition, 2021 (Portuguese Version)

Manual sobre estruturas de contenção com Press-in:
Segunda edição, 2021

International Press-in Association

Press-in Retaining Structures: A Handbook
Second Edition, 2021 (Portuguese Version)

Manual sobre estruturas de contenção com Press-in:
Segunda edição, 2021

Associação Internacional de Press-in[International Press-in Association]

Manual sobre estruturas de contenção com Press-in: Segunda edição, 2021

ISBN: 978-4-909722-43-0 C3050 (Edição impressa)
ISBN: 978-4-909722-42-3 C3050 (Edição PDF)COPYRIGHT@2021
pela
Associação Internacional de Press-in (IPA)
Data da Primeira Publicação: 15 de dezembro de 2021

O objetivo desta publicação é fornecer informações precisas e confiáveis sobre a matéria apresentada. Entende-se que, na sua
venda e/ou sua distribuição, nem os autores nem a editora se envolvem, portanto, na prestação de nenhum serviço legal ou
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forma, sem a permissão prévia por escrito da editora, da Associação Internacional de Press-in (IPA), 5F, Sanwa Konan Bldg, 24-3 Konan, Minato-ku, Tóquio 108-0075, Japão

ÍndicePrefácioDefinições
Capítulo 1 GENERALIDADES
1.1

ESCOPO ················································································································1-1

1.2

ESTRUTURA DO MANUAL ······················································································1-2

1.3

METODOLOGIA DE INSTALAÇÃO PRESS-IN (método Press-in)
1.3.1

Tipos de instalação usando o Método Press-in ······················································1-3

1.3.2

Características do método Press-in ···································································1-6
1.3.2.1 Desenvolvimento da máquina de autoinstalação Press-in ································1-6
1.3.2.2 Mecanismo da autoinstalação Press-in ······················································1-7
1.3.2.3 Redução do ruído e da vibração ·····························································1-8
1.3.2.4 Instalação em solo resistente ······························································· 1-11
1.3.2.5 Como lidar com espaço limitado de construção ········································· 1-14
1.3.2.6 Vantagens de estruturas de contenção por estacas prancha e da autoinstalação
com método Press-in·················································································· 1-15
1.3.2.7 Redução do impacto no meio ambiente ·················································· 1-19
1.3.2.8 Recolhimento automático de dados do método Press-in e sua utilização ············ 1-21
1.3.2.9 Outras características ········································································ 1-22
1.3.2.10 Resumo das características ································································ 1-23

1.3.3

Comparação dos sistemas existentes com a autoinstalação com método Press-in ············ 1-25
1.3.3.1 Método de instalação para estacas prancha de aço (perfis U, tipo Z, tipo-chapéu,
tipo estaca prancha Zero) ··········································································· 1-25
1.3.3.2 Métodos de instalação para trincheira de estacas prancha ······························ 1-26
1.3.3.3 Métodos de instalação para estacas tubulares de aço com acoplamento(acoplamentos tipo P-P, P-T e L-T) ································································ 1-26
1.3.3.4 Métodos de instalação para estacas tubulares de aço ··································· 1-27
1.3.3.5 Métodos de instalação para estacas prancha de concreto ······························ 1-28
1.3.3.6 Sistemas de instalação de estacas de concreto pré-moldado (doravante CP) ······· 1-29
1.3.3.7 Sistemas de instalação para paredes combinadas ······································· 1-29

1.4

APLICAÇÕES DE AUTOINSTALAÇÃO COM MÉTODO PRESS-IN PARA ESTRUTURAS
ENTERRADAS
1.4.1 Estruturas de arrimo de solos (muros de arrimo, diques, molhes, cortinas de contenção, murosde arrimo temporários, ensecadeiras, etc.) (a - l) ·························································· 1-29
1.4.2 Obras de reforço de diques, obras de proteção das praias (m - o) ······································ 1-31
1.4.3 Contramedida para liquefação (m, n, p, q) ································································· 1-32
1.4.4 Cortinas de vedação (cut-off walls) (r) ······································································ 1-32
1.4.5 Cortinas de isolamento de tensões (s) ······································································ 1-32i

1.4.6 Obras de estabilização de aterro, obras de prevenção de deslizamentos, recuperação de desastres(t, u) ············································································································· 1-32
1.4.7 Obras de fundações (estruturas de engenharia civil, cais e portos, arquitetura) (v - y) ··············· 1-33
1.4.8 Muros de arrimo submetidos a carregamento ····························································· 1-34
1.5

NORMAS E DIRETRIZES RELACIONADAS ······························································· 1-35

Bibliografia ······················································································································ 1-38

Capítulo 2 PLANEJAMENTO E INVESTIGAÇÃO
2.1

PLANEJAMENTO
2.1.1 Generalidades ·································································································2-1
2.1.2 Considerações de planejamento ············································································2-1
2.1.2.1 Topografia, condições geológicas, características do solo, lençol freático e
condições climáticas do local das obras ·······························································2-2
2.1.2.2 Impacto ambiental no local e nas estruturas vizinhas, e condicionantes daconstrução ·································································································2-3
2.1.2.3 Condições que podem afetar a construção ···················································2-3
2.1.2.4 Objetivo do muro de arrimo, estado limite, estado do projeto, e requisitos ecritérios de desempenho ·················································································2-4
2.1.2.5 Condições do projeto ···········································································2-4

2.2

INVESTIGAÇÃO
2.2.1 Generalidades ·································································································2-5
2.2.2 Os objetivos e conteúdo da investigação ··································································2-6
2.2.2.1 Obtenção dos documentos e dados relevantes ··············································2-6
2.2.2.2 Investigação do local ············································································2-7
2.2.2.3 Investigações geotécnicas ······································································2-7
2.2.2.4 Investigação sobre as condições que possam afetar a construção ······················ 2-13
2.2.2.5 Investigação sobre a conservação ambiental ·············································· 2-13
2.2.2.6 Utilização de dados colhidos a partir da construção usando SILENT PILER ········ 2-13
2.2.3 Relatório da investigação ·················································································· 2-14

Bibliografia ······················································································································ 2-15

Capítulo 3 PROJETO
3.1. INTRODUÇÃO ············································································································3-1
3.2 GENERALIDADES NO PROJETO
3.2.1 Princípios Fundamentais de Projeto ········································································3-2
3.2.1.1 Escopo ····························································································3-2
3.2.1.2 Hierarquia de requisitos para desempenho ···················································3-2
3.2.1.3 Estados limites, ações e situações de projeto ················································3-3
3.2.1.4 Requisitos para desempenho ···································································3-4
3.2.1.5 Critérios para desempenho ·····································································3-5ii

3.2.1.6 Processo de verificação de desempenho ·····················································3-5
3.2.1.7 Qualificação de engenheiros de projeto ······················································3-6
3.2.1.8 Documentação ···················································································3-6
3.2.2 Análise/Revisão do Projeto utilizando os Registros de Construção ···································3-7
3.2.3 Ações e situações de projeto para muros de contenção rodoviários ···································3-7
3.2.3.1 Generalidades ····················································································3-7
3.2.3.2 Peso próprio ······················································································3-7
3.2.3.3 Empuxo de terra e pressão da água ···························································3-8
3.2.3.4 Carga causada pela atividade sísmica ·························································3-8
3.2.3.5 Carga na superfície do terreno ·································································3-8
3.2.3.6 Carga de neve ····················································································3-9
3.2.3.7 Carga de vento ···················································································3-9
3.2.3.8 Carga de colisão ·················································································3-9
3.2.3.9 Outras cargas ·····················································································3-9
3.2.3.10 Combinação de cargas para situações típicas de projeto ·································3-9
3.2.4 Materiais ····································································································· 3-10
3.2.4.1 Estacas pré-fabricadas ········································································ 3-10
3.2.4.2 Propriedades dos materiais de aço ·························································· 3-10
3.2.4.3 Tolerância a corrosão/proteção contra corrosão ··········································· 3-10
3.2.4.4 Efetiva rigidez à flexão ······································································· 3-11
3.3

PROJETO DE CORTINAS DE ESTACAS PRANCHA INSTALADAS
3.3.1 Concepção do projeto ························································································· 3-11
3.3.2 Projeto das Estruturas da Cortina ··········································································· 3-11
3.3.2.1 Projeto das estruturas da cortina para estruturas de contenção de estradas ············ 3-11
3.3.2.2 Projeto de estruturas dos muros para proto e molhe ······································ 3-17
3.3.3 Estabilidade do fundo da escavação ········································································ 3-21
3.3.3.1 Consideração de artesianismo (soil boiling) ·············································· 3-22
3.3.3.2 Consideração do piping ······································································· 3-22
3.3.3.3 Consideração da elevação do solo ·························································· 3-23
3.3.3.4 Consideração de elevação do solo do fundo da escavação ······························ 3-23
3.3.3.5 Medidas de melhoria da estabilidade do fundo da escavação ··························· 3-23
3.3.4 Estabilidade global ···························································································· 3-24
3.3.5 Efeitos sobre estruturas vizinhas ············································································ 3-24
3.3.5.1 Deformação do solo devido à deformação de muros de arrimo ························ 3-24
3.3.5.2 Recalque do solo devido ao rebaixamento do lençol freático ··························· 3-25
3.3.5.3 Recalque devido a retirada de muros de arrimo cravados ······························· 3-25
3.3.5.4 Levantamento devido ao alívio da tensão ·················································· 3-26

3.4

RELATÓRIO DO PROJETO ······················································································ 3-26

Bibliografia ······················································································································ 3-28

iii

Capítulo 4 CONSTRUÇÃO
4.1

GENERALIDADES ··································································································4-1

4.2

APRESENTAÇÃO RESUMIDA DE PRESS-IN
4.2.1 Máquina tipo auto-propulsora de Press-in de estacas ····················································4-2
4.2.1.1 Configuração básica de maquina de instalação ·············································4-2
4.2.1.2 Componentes da máquina de Press-in ························································4-3
4.2.1.3 Movimentos básicos da máquina de Press-in [1] (movimentos repetidos para cima
e para baixo) ·······························································································4-6
4.2.1.4 Movimentos da máquina de Press-in [2] (autoinstalacao -propulsora) ··················4-7
4.2.2

Seleção de máquina adequada, técnica de Press-in, e sistema Press-in···························4-8

4.2.3

Estacas pré-fabricadas ················································································ 4-12
4.2.3.1 Estacas-prancha de aço ····································································· 4-12
4.2.3.2 Estacas tubulares de aço ···································································· 4-16
4.2.3.3 Paredes combinadas ········································································ 4-18
4.2.3.4 Estacas-prancha de concreto (betão) ····················································· 4-19
4.2.3.5 Segmento de parede de concreto pré-moldado (estacas CP) ·························· 4-19

4.3

PLANO DE CONSTRUÇÃO
4.3.1

Plano Geral da Construção ··········································································· 4-20

4.3.2

Considerações para trabalhos de Press-in ·························································· 4-21
4.3.2.1 Seleção de técnicas Press-in e estacas aplicáveis adequadas às condições do solo 4-21
4.3.2.2 Técnica Press-in para estacas-prancha de aço ··········································· 4-22
4.3.2.3 Técnica Press-in para estacas tubulares de aço com e sem engaste das estacas ····· 4-28
4.3.2.4 Sistemas de Press-in que superam as limitações do local da obra ···················· 4-34

4.3.3

Elaboração do documento do planejamento da construção do método Press-in ··············· 4-48
4.3.3.1 Máquina de Press-in, técnicas Press-in e sistema de Press-in ························· 4-49
4.3.3.2 Planejamento da entrega da maquinaria, dos equipamentos e materiais ············ 4-49
4.3.3.3 Planejamento geral das máquinas e dos materiais ······································ 4-51
4.3.3.4 Cronograma dos trabalhos de instalação ················································· 4-55
4.3.3.5 Plano de gerenciamento da construção ··················································· 4-56
4.3.3.6 Plano da preservação ambiental ··························································· 4-56
4.3.3.7 Plano de gerenciameto de saúde e segurança ··········································· 4-58
4.3.3.8 Planejamento organizacional do canteiro de obras ····································· 4-61

4.4

OBRA COM MÉTODO PRESS-IN
4.4.1

Obras preparatórias ··················································································· 4-63

4.4.2

Procedimentos para instalação das estacas ························································ 4-63
4.4.2.1 Técnicas comuns de Press-in ······························································ 4-63
4.4.2.2 Processo inicial de Press-in ································································· 4-72
4.4.2.3 Processo padrão de Press-in ································································ 4-76
4.4.2.4 Processo de Press-in com emprego de hidrojateamento ······························· 4-81
4.4.2.5 Processo de Press-in com emprego de trado ············································ 4-86iv

4.4.2.6 Processo rotativo de Press-in ······························································ 4-88
4.4.2.7 Processo de construção para paredes combinadas ······································ 4-93
4.4.2.8 Instalação em curva ········································································· 4-96
4.4.2.9 Instalação em cantos ········································································ 4-97
4.4.2.10 Autoinstalação em marcha à ré ·························································· 4-98
4.4.3

Sistema de Press-in para superar obstáculos à construção ······································· 4-99
4.4.3.1 Em relação de instalação com vários obstáculos à construção ························ 4-99
4.4.3.2 Processo de instalação para o sistema sem etapas ·····································4-101
4.4.3.3 Processo de instalação para o sistema com pouca altura ······························4-105

4.4.4

Extração das estacas ·················································································4-110
4.4.4.1 Influência e gestão da extração ···························································4-110
4.4.4.2 O processo durante extração das estacas ················································ 4-111

4.4.5

Emendas e corte de estacas ·········································································4-112
4.4.5.1 Soldas de emendas nas estacas-prancha de aço ········································4-113
4.4.5.2 Soldagem das estacas de tubulares de aço ··············································4-114
4.4.5.3 Junta parafusada ············································································4-115
4.4.5.4 Junta mecânica ·············································································4-115
4.4.5.5 Corte de estaca ··············································································4-116

4.4.6
4.5

Tratamento e despejo de efluentes e lodo ·························································4-116

FISCALIZAÇÃO E GESTÃO DE CONSTRUÇÃO, MONITORAMENTO
4.5.1

Generalidades ·························································································4-117

4.5.2

Plano de fiscalização da construção, gerenciamento da construção e monitoramento ·····4-117

4.5.3

Preparação do canteiro de obras ····································································4-118

4.5.4

Gerenciamento da construção ······································································4-118

4.5.5

Controle da operação de Press-in ··································································4-120
4.5.5.1 Controle da máquina de Press-in ·························································4-120
4.5.5.2 Configuração manual dos parâmetros otimizados de Press-in ·······················4-120
4.5.5.3 Informações colhidas no processo de Press-in ·········································4-124
4.5.5.4 Manter a verticalidade da estaca por movimento repetido para cima e parabaixo ··································································································4-126
4.5.5.5 Avaliação do processo de instalação através de dados de Press-in ··················4-127
4.5.5.6 Operação automatizada da máquina de Press-in ·······································4-127
4.5.5.7 Estimativa dos parâmetros do solo através de dados de Press-in ····················4-128

4.5.6

Controle do cronograma de Press-in ······························································4-130

4.5.7

Controle da qualidade das estacas instaladas com Press-in ·····································4-130

4.5.8

Gerenciamento de saúde e segurança ·····························································4-131

4.5.9

Inspeção e manutenção dos equipamentos de Press-in ·········································4-131

4.5.10

Monitoramento ·······················································································4-132

4.5.11

Relatório da construção ·············································································4-133

Bibliografia ·····················································································································4-136v

Prefácio
O método de Press-in de estacas-prancha surgiu das necessidades da prática de instalação dessas estacas há cerca de cinquentaanos. A primeira edição do manual “Press-in retaining structures: a handbook (2016)” [estruturas de contenção com o método
Press-in] procurou apresentar a vasta experiência acumulada em obras no setor de engenharia de fundações, juntando as
informações úteis sobre as práticas de projeto e construção de estruturas de contenção com o método Press-in, apresentando a
experiência obtida em várias obras no mundo inteiro.
A publicação da segunda edição em 2021 é a versão revisada do manual de 2016. Os objetivos desta revisão incluem: (i) alinharo conteúdo com o “Manual de Projeto e Construção do Método de Press-in” (publicado em japonês em 2020); (ii) apresentar odesenvolvimento da máquina de Press-in e as pesquisas dos últimos cinco anos; (iii) melhorar os relatos para facilitar a leitura eo uso do manual, e (iv) ser mais objetivo mediante a eliminação de certos itens da edição 2016.
Todos os interessados no histórico dos casos apresentados sobre o método Press-in podem consultar as publicações seguintes:“New Horizons in Piling – Development and Application of Press-in Piling” de Malcolm Bolton et al. editada pela CRC Pressem 2020, e “Press-in Piling Case History Volume 1” da International Press-in Association (IPA) Research Committee, editada
pela IPA em 2019.
Como Presidente da Comité Editorial para o presente manual, gostaria de oferecer meus sinceros agradecimentos a todos os
membros do Comité relacionados abaixo.
Osamu Kusakabe
Presidente
Comité Editorial para a Segunda Edição

Comité Editorial
Dr. Yoshiaki Kikuchi, Professor da Universidade de Ciências de Tóquio
Dr. Osamu Kusakabe, Professor Emérito do Instituto de Tecnologia de Tóquio
Mr. Tsunenobu Nozaki, do Secretariado da Associação Internacional de Press-in
Mr. Mitsuhiro Okada, Giken Ltd
Mr. Takefumi Takuma, Giken America Corporation
Dr. Masaaki Terashi, Associação Internacional de Press-in
Mr. Masafumi Yamaguchi, do Secretariado da Associação Internacional de Press-in(em ordem alfabética)
Membros Consultores Internacionais
Dr. Stuart Haigh, Professor da Universidade de Cambridge
Dr. Chun Fai Leung, Professor, Universidade de Singapura
Dr. Goh Teik Lim, Atsunew Giken Pte Ltd.
Dr. Ramin Motamed, Professor Associado da Universidade de Nevada, Reno
(em ordem alfabética)viSupervisor para tradução em português
Dr. Marcos Massao Futai, Professor Associado, Geoinfra – Universidade de São Paulovii