Press-in Retaining Structures: A Handbook
Second Edition, 2021 (French Version)

Manuel des structures de soutènement par vérinage
Deuxième édition, 2021

International Press-in Association

Press-in Retaining Structures: A Handbook
Second Edition, 2021 (French Version)

Manuel des structures de soutènement par vérinage
Deuxième édition, 2021

International Press-in Association
Association Internationale « Press-In »Manuel des structures de soutènement par vérinage Deuxième édition, 2021

ISBN: 978-4-909722-59-1 C3050 (Version imprimée)
ISBN: 978-4-909722-58-4 C3050 (Version PDF)

DROITS d’auteurs@2021
de l’International Press-in Association
Date de première publication: 31 mars 2022

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Table des matières
PréfaceDéfinitions
Chapitre 1 PRÉSENTATION
1.1

CHAMP D'APPLICATION··············································································· 1-1

1.2

COMPOSITION DU MANUEL

1.3

VÉRINAGE DE PALPLANCHES········································································· 1-2

1.3.1

Types de vérinage de palplanches·························································· 1-3

1.3.2

Caractéristiques du vérinage de palplanches de type « walk-on-pile » ················· 1-6
1.3.2.1 Développement du vérinage de palplanches de type « walk-on-pile » ········ 1-6
1.3.2.2 Mécanisme du vérinage de palplanches de type « walk-on-pile » ············· 1-7
1.3.2.3 Vibrations et bruit faibles
1.3.2.4 Surmonter un sol dur··························································· 1-8······························································· 1-11

1.3.2.5 Faire face à un espace de construction contraint································1-12

1.3.2.6 Avantages des structures de soutènement cantilever et du vérinage depalplanches de type « walk-on-pile »·····················································1-13

1.3.2.7 Réduire l’impact environnemental···············································1-17

1.3.2.8 Acquisition et utilisation automatiques des données de vérinage
1.3.2.9 Autres caractéristiques·····························································1-20

1.3.2.10 Résumé des caractéristiques
1.3.3·············1-19·····················································1-21

Comparaison entre les méthodes existantes et le vérinage de palplanches de type« walk-on-pile » ··············································································1-23
1.3.3.1 Méthodes d’installation de palplanches en acier (en U, en Z, en chapeau,
palplanche « zéro »)·········································································1-23

1.3.3.2 Méthodes d’installation pour les palplanches profilées à froid ················1-23
1.3.3.3 Méthodes d’installation pour les tubes en acier avec serrures (serrures P-P, PT et L-T)······················································································1-24

1.3.3.4 Méthodes d’installation pour les tubes en acier·································1-24

1.3.3.5. Méthodes d’installation des palplanches en béton·····························1-25

1.3.3.6 Méthodes d’installation des palplanches PC en béton
1.3.3.7 Méthodes d’installation des parois combinées
1.4·························1-26··································1-26

APPLICATIONS DU VÉRINAGE DE PALPLANCHES DE TYPE « WALK-ON-PILE »POUR LES STRUCTURES ENCASTRÉES
1.4.1

Structures de soutènement des terres (murs de soutènement des terres, digues, digues
de mer, cloisons, revêtements, murs de soutènement temporaires, batardeaux, etc.)··································································································1-26

1.4.2

Travaux de renforcement des digues, travaux de protection des plages ··············1-28

1.4.3

Lutte contre la liquéfaction

1.4.4

Murs de séparation ·········································································1-29·······························································1-29i1.4.5

Murs d’isolation des contraintes

1.4.6

Travaux de stabilisation des remblais, travaux de prévention des glissements deterrain, reprise après catastrophe

1.5··························································1-29··························································1-29

1.4.7

Travaux de fondation (ouvrages de génie civil, ports et havres, architecture)

1.4.8

Murs de soutènement porteurs······1-30···························································1-32

NORMES ET DIRECTIVES ASSOCIÉES ····························································1-33

Références············································································································1-35

Chapitre 2 PLANIFICATION ET ENQUÊTE
2.1

PLANIFICATION
2.1.1

Généralités····················································································· 2-1

2.1.2

Considérations relatives à la planification················································· 2-1

2.1.2.1 Topographie, caractéristiques géologiques, conditions du sol, eauxsouterraines et conditions météorologiques de la zone prévue ·························· 2-2
2.1.2.2 Impact sur le milieu environnant et les structures voisines, et contraintes deconstruction··················································································· 2-3

2.1.2.3 Conditions pouvant affecter la construction······································ 2-3

2.1.2.4 Objectif du mur de soutènement, état limite, situation de conception etexigences et critères de performance ······················································· 2-3
2.1.2.5 Conditions nominales
2.2······························································· 2-3

ENQUÊTE
2.2.1

Généralités····················································································· 2-5

2.2.2

Objectifs et contenu de l’enquête

··························································· 2-5

2.2.2.1 Collecte des documents et des données pertinents ······························· 2-5
2.2.2.2 Exploration du site ··································································· 2-6
2.2.2.3 Enquête sur le terrain································································ 2-6

2.2.2.4 Enquête sur les conditions pouvant affecter la construction···················2-10

2.2.2.5 Enquête concernant la préservation de l’environnement ·······················2-10
2.2.2.6 Évaluation des conditions du sol basée sur les données de vérinage
2.2.3
Références

Rapport d’enquête

·········2-10··········································································· 2-11············································································································ 2-11

Chapitre 3 CONCEPTION
3.1

INTRODUCTION ·························································································· 3-1

3.2

SUJETS D’ORDRE GÉNÉRAL SUR LA CONCEPTION
3.2.1

Principes de base de la conception ·························································· 3-1
3.2.1.1 Champ d’application································································· 3-1

3.2.1.2 Hiérarchie des exigences de performance ·········································· 3-2
3.2.1.3 États limites, actions et situations de conception
3.2.1.4 Exigences de performance·································· 3-2··························································· 3-4
ii

3.2.1.5 Critères de performance······························································ 3-4

3.2.1.6 Processus de vérification des performances······································· 3-6

3.2.1.7 Qualification des ingénieurs de conception········································ 3-7

3.2.1.8 Documents············································································· 3-7

3.2.2

Examen/révision de la conception à l’aide des dossiers de construction··············· 3-7

3.2.3

Actions et situations de conception pour les murs de soutènement des routes········ 3-7

3.2.3.1 Généralités ············································································ 3-7
3.2.3.2 Poids propre·········································································· 3-8

3.2.3.3 Pression de la terre et de l’eau ······················································ 3-8
3.2.3.4 Charge causée par le mouvement du sol lors d’un tremblement de terre
3.2.3.5 Charge sur la surface du sol
3.2.3.6 Charge de la neige
3.2.3.7 Charge du vent····· 3-8························································ 3-9··································································· 3-9······································································· 3-9

3.2.3.8 Charge de collision·································································· 3-9

3.2.3.9 Autres charges ········································································ 3-9
3.2.3.10 Combinaison des charges pour des situations nominales typiques ··········· 3-9
3.2.4

Matériaux·····················································································3-10

3.2.4.1 Palplanches préfabriquées························································3-10

3.2.4.2 Propriétés des matériaux en acier················································3-10

3.2.4.3 Réduction de la corrosion/protection contre la corrosion
3.2.4.4 Rigidité en flexion effective
3.3····················· 3-11······················································ 3-11

CONCEPTION DE MURS DE SOUTÈNEMENT CANTILEVER ENCASTRÉS
3.3.1 Considérations relatives à la conception············· 3-11························································· 3-11

3.3.2 Conception des structures murales ································································3-12
3.3.2.1 Conception des structures murales pour les murs de soutènement des routes 3-12
3.3.2.2 Conception des structures des murs de quais de port et de havre
3.3.3 Stabilité du fond de l’excavation············3-17··································································3-22

3.3.3.1 Considérations relatives à la boulance ···········································3-22
3.3.3.2 Considérations relatives aux canalisations······································3-22

3.3.3.3 Considérations relatives au déchaussage········································3-23

3.3.3.4 Considérations relatives au soulèvement du fond ······························3-23
3.3.3.5 Mesures de renforcement de la stabilité au fond de l’excavation
3.3.4 Stabilité globale············3-23·····················································································3-24

3.3.5 Effets sur les structures environnantes···························································3-24

3.3.5.1 Déformation du sol due à la déformation des murs de soutènement ·········3-24
3.3.5.2 Tassement du sol dû à l’abaissement de la nappe phréatique·················3-25

3.3.5.3 Tassement du sol dû à l’extraction des murs de soutènement encastrés
3.3.5.4 Redressement du sol dû au soulagement des contraintes
3.4·····3-25·····················3-25

RAPPORT DE CONCEPTION ··········································································3-26
iii

Références
Chapitre 4············································································································3-27
CONSTRUCTION

4.1

GÉNÉRALITÉS

4.2

PRÉSENTATION DU VÉRINAGE DE PALPLANCHES
4.2.1···························································································· 4-1

Machine de vérinage de palplanches de type « walk-on-pile »4.2.1.1 Configuration de base d’une machine de vérinage························· 4-1····························· 4-1

4.2.1.2 Composants d’une machine de vérinage de palplanches ······················· 4-2
4.2.1.3 Mouvements de base d’une machine de vérinage de palplanches(mouvements répétitifs de haut en bas)··················································· 4-4

4.2.1.4 Mouvements de base d’une machine de vérinage de palplanches (marche
automatique) ·················································································· 4-6
4.2.2

Choix de la machine, de la technique de vérinage et du système de vérinage

4.2.3

Palplanches préfabriquées··································································4-10

4.2.3.1 Palplanches en acier·······························································4-10

4.2.3.2 Tubes en acier········· 4-6······································································4-14

4.2.3.3 Parois combinées··································································4-15

4.2.3.4 Palplanches en béton······························································4-16

4.2.3.5 Segment de mur en béton précontraint (ci-après dénommé palplanches PC en
béton) ·························································································4-16
4.3

PLAN DE CONSTRUCTION
4.3.1

Plan de construction en général····························································4-17

4.3.2

Considérations relatives à la planification des travaux de vérinage de palplanches·4-17

4.3.2.1 Sélection des techniques de vérinage et des palplanches adaptées aux
conditions du sol············································································4-17

4.3.2.2 Pour les palplanches en acier·····················································4-19

4.3.2.3 Pour les tubes en acier avec et sans serrure·····································4-24

4.3.2.4 Systèmes de vérinage pour surmonter les restrictions de site ·················4-29
4.3.2.5 Procédé de vérinage permettant un espacement entre les palplanches(espacements de 2,5 D c.t.c.) ································································4-39
4.3.3

Préparation d’un document de planification de la construction pour les travaux devérinage de palplanches···································································4-41

4.3.3.1 Machines de vérinage de palplanches, techniques de vérinage et système devérinage······················································································4-41

4.3.3.2 Plan de livraison des machines, équipements et matériels
4.3.3.3 Plan de disposition des machines et du matériel

····················4-42·······························4-43

4.3.3.4 Planification des travaux de vérinage ············································4-48
4.3.3.5 Plan de gestion de la construction ················································4-48
4.3.3.6 Plan de préservation de l’environnement·······································4-48

4.3.3.7 Plan de gestion de la santé et de la sécurité·····································4-50

iv

4.3.3.8 Planification de l’organisation sur site ···········································4-53
4.4

EXÉCUTION DES TRAVAUX DE VÉRINAGE DE PALPLANCHES
4.4.1

Travaux préparatoires·······································································4-54

4.4.2

Procédures d’installation des palplanches················································4-54

4.4.2.1 Techniques communes au vérinage de palplanches ····························4-54
4.4.2.2 Procédure de vérinage pour le vérinage initial·································4-63

4.4.2.3 Procédure de vérinage pour le vérinage standard······························4-67

4.4.2.4 Procédure de vérinage assisté par lançage d’eau·······························4-72

4.4.2.5 Procédure de vérinage pour le vérinage assisté par tarière····················4-76

4.4.2.6 Procédure de vérinage pour le vérinage rotatif de palplanches
4.4.2.7 Procédure de construction des parois combinées······························4-82

4.4.2.8 Installation courbe·································································4-85

4.4.2.9 Installation en angle·······························································4-86

4.4.2.10 Marche automatique en arrière
4.4.3···············4-78·················································4-87

Système de vérinage pour surmonter les contraintes de la construction··············4-88

4.4.3.1 Considérations sur le vérinage sous diverses contraintes de construction ···4-88
4.4.3.2 Procédure de vérinage pour le système sans échafaudage····················4-89

4.4.3.3 Procédure de vérinage pour le système de vérinage sans dégagement
Supérieur ·····················································································4-93
4.4.4

Extraction des palplanches ··································································4-98
4.4.4.1 Influence et gestion de l’extraction
4.4.4.2 Procédure d’extraction

4.4.5··············································4-98····························································4-99

Épissage et découpe des palplanches···················································· 4-100

4.4.5.1 Soudures sur épissures pour les palplanches en acier ························ 4-100
4.4.5.2 Soudure des tubes en acier

4.4.6
4.5

······················································ 4-102

4.4.5.3 Assemblage boulonné··························································· 4-102

4.4.5.4 Assemblage mécanique························································· 4-103

4.4.5.5 Découpe de la palplanche······················································· 4-104

Traitement et élimination des déchets··················································· 4-104

SUPERVISION DE LA CONSTRUCTION, GESTION DE LA CONSTRUCTION,SURVEILLANCE
4.5.1

Généralités·················································································· 4-104

4.5.2

Plan de supervision, de gestion et de surveillance de la construction ················ 4-105

4.5.3

Préparation du site

4.5.4

Gestion de la construction································································ 4-105

4.5.5

Gestion de la construction································································ 4-106········································································· 4-105

4.5.5.1 Contrôle de la machine de vérinage de palplanches························· 4-107

4.5.5.2 Définition des paramètres optimaux de vérinage···························· 4-107

4.5.5.3 Informations recueillies pendant le vérinage de palplanchesv··············· 4-110

4.5.5.4 Maintien de la verticalité de la palplanche par des mouvements répétitifs
de haut en bas············································································· 4-113

4.5.5.5 Évaluation de la procédure de vérinage à l’aide de données de vérinage· 4-1144.5.5.6 Fonctionnement automatique de la machine de vérinage de palplanches · 4-114
4.5.5.7 Estimation des informations sur le terrain à l’aide des données de vérinage································································································· 4-115
4.5.6

Programmer le contrôle du vérinage de palplanches·································· 4-116

4.5.7

Tolérance de position dans le plan, de niveau du sommet et de la pointe, et deverticalité de la palplanche après l’installation Contrôle du calendrier vérinage depalplanches················································································ 4-116

4.5.8

Gestion de la santé et de la sécurité

4.5.9

Inspection et maintenance de la machine de vérinage de palplanches

4.5.10Surveillance

4.5.11

Rapport de construction

Références······················································ 4-117·············· 4-118················································································ 4-118··································································· 4-119·········································································································· 4-121viPréface
Le vérinage de palplanches est né il y a un demi-siècle des besoins de la pratique du vérinage. La première édition de« Manuel de structures de soutènement par vérinage (2016) », tentait de traduire les vastes expériences accumulées sur leterrain dans un cadre d’ingénierie des fondations, et a rassemblé des informations utiles liées aux pratiques de conception
et de construction des structures de soutènement par vérinage de palplanches, ainsi qu’un certain nombre d’études de casdans le monde entier.
La deuxième édition (2021) est une version révisée de l’édition de 2016. Les intentions sur lesquelles repose cette révisionsont notamment : (i) aligner le contenu sur la révision de « Design and Construction Manual of the Press-in Method » (enjaponais, publié en 2020), (ii) refléter les progrès des machines de vérinage de palplanches et les travaux de recherche descinq dernières années, (iii) modifier et améliorer les descriptions pour la lisibilité et l’utilisation du manuel, et (iv) êtreconcis en éliminant l’Addendum de l’édition de 2016.
Pour ceux qui s’intéressent à l’étude de cas, veuillez consulter les publications récentes : « New Horizons in Piling –Development and Application of Press-in Piling » par Malcolm Bolton et al. 2020, publié par CRC Press et « Press-in
Pling Case History Volume 1 », 2019, par le comité de recherche de l’International Press-in Association (IPA), publié par
l’IPA.
En tant que président du comité de rédaction de ce manuel, je tiens à exprimer mes sincères remerciements à tous lesmembres du comité dont la liste figure ci-dessous.
Osamu Kusakabe
Président
Comité éditorial de la deuxième édition
Comité éditorial
Yoshiaki Kikuchi, Professor, Tokyo University of Science
Osamu Kusakabe, Emeritus Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Tsunenobu Nozaki, International Press-in Association Secretariat
Mitsuhiro Okada, GIKEN LTD.
Takefumi Takuma, Giken America Corporation
Masaaki Terashi, International Press-in Association
Masafumi Yamaguchi, International Press-in Association Secretariat(Ordre alphabétique)vii

Membres consultatifs internationaux
Stuart Haigh, Reader, The University of Cambridge
Chun Fai Leung, Professor, National University of Singapore
Goh Teik Lim, AtsuNEW GIKEN Pte. Ltd.
Ramin Motamed, Associate Professor, University of Nevada Reno
(Ordre alphabétique)Conseiller pour la traduction en Français
Mounir Bouassida, Professeur, Université de Tunis El Manar/Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis

viii