Attachment 1

TEPCO Holdings’ Action in Response to the Government’s Policy on the Handling of ALPS
Treated Water
April 16, 2021
Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Incorporated.
Introduction
We deeply apologize for the immense burden and deep concern the accident at the
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station of TEPCO Holdings, Inc. (hereinafter
Fukushima Daiichi) is causing local residents and society at large. We would also liketo offer our apologies for the string of recent incidents that have caused concern about
TEPCO’s nuclear operations and distrust in us as a company.
TEPCO Holdings has been working to reduce the risk associated with thecontaminated water generated continuously since the accident at Fukushima Daiichi.
The amount of contaminated water generated has been reduced through multilayered
measures such as the land-side impermeable wall and the sub-drains, andcontaminated water is being purified and treated using the Multi-nuclide Removal
Equipment (hereinafter ALPS) to reduce the annual exposure dose to less than 1 mSv
at the site border, and then stored in tanks. The handling of this water stored in tanks
has been discussed from all angles including both scientific and societal perspectives
in respect to the adverse impacts on reputation by the Tritiated Water Task Force andthe Subcommittee on Handling of ALPS Treated Water (hereinafter ALPS
Subcommittee). Furthermore, following the report published by the ALPS
Subcommittee in February 2020, the government gathered opinions widely fromparties concerned and from the public.
Given the ALPS Subcommittee report, TEPCO Holdings created a review draft outlining
discharge methods for the ALPS treated water and measures to respond to reputational
damage in March 2020. Performance confirmation tests, which started being
conducted in September 2020 on samples taken from water stored in tanks to assess
the effectiveness of secondary treatment using ALPS, found that the total sum of theratios of the 62 nuclides (nuclides subject to removal by ALPS) and carbon-14 to theupper limit of the notification concentrations of each was less than 1.
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Recently, the Government of Japan published the “Basic Policy on handling of ALPS
treated water at the Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings’ Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Station” (hereinafter government policy) at the 5th Inter-Ministerial
Council for Contaminated Water, Treated Water and Decommissioning Issues held on
April 13.
We are taking seriously that this government policy was put forth based on opinions
expressed by parties concerned at various opportunities in addition to the discussions
held in the ALPS Subcommittee and the Tritiated Water Task Force.
The government policy indicated the following in addition to the basic approach tobalancing recovery and decommissioning for the discharge of ALPS treated water 1.
The handling of the ALPS treated waterSpecific method of discharge of the ALPS treated water into the sea

Measures to respond to adverse impacts on reputation

Further Steps for the future

We are committed to discharging ALPS treated water under the basic principle of“balancing recovery and decommissioning”.

However, there were shortfalls in thetiming and content of communications around the events that occurred within thestation such as the sliding (dislodging) of the tank following the earthquake which
occurred in offshore Fukushima Prefecture on February 13. We were also not able torespond appropriately to the troubles the plant encountered in maintenance andmanagement of equipment, such as the seismometer installed in the Unit 3 reactor
building. As a result, we have caused concern to those in the siting region; we are now
swiftly inspecting facilities and implementing measures accordingly.
Furthermore, we take the series of events regarding the physical protection of theKashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Station 2 very seriously as a nuclear operator who
Water that has been purified and treated by devices such as ALPS until radioactive materials other than tritium
will surely satisfy the regulatory standards for safety.

1

An event involving an unauthorized use of an ID card and an event involving the partial loss of function of physicalprotection facilities at Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Station. The NRA evaluated these events as “significancelevel: red” and “severity level : SL I” on March 23. Given this assessment, on April 14, TEPCO, found to be in violationof the Reactor Regulation Act, received an order that “TEPCO may not move specified nuclear fuel material at the
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Station until the NRA notifies TEPCO that the nuclear regulatory inspection
handling category stipulated for the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Station has been changed to Category 1”.
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is tasked with maintaining nuclear security.

The cause of these events will be

investigated thoroughly as a problem for all nuclear power initiatives at TEPCO
Holdings and drastic countermeasures will be implemented.
In discharging of ALPS treated water, we will be implementing the following in linewith the government policy taking seriously that TEPCO Holdings is under scrutiny
more so than ever before. Moreover, we will continue to respond appropriately to theitems discussed in the Ministerial Meeting Toward the Realization of the Basic Policy
on Handling of ALPS Treated Water, newly launched by the government.

1. TEPCO Holdings’ approach to the discharge of ALPS treated water
Given the basic policy related to ALPS treated water, TEPCO Holdings will strictly
comply with the laws such as “Law for the Regulations of Nuclear Source Material,
Nuclear Fuel Material and Reactors”, use a safe discharge method that minimizes theadverse impacts on reputation, implement initiatives to foster understanding in society,and respond responsibly to the adverse impacts on reputation and reputational
damage that may occur despite these efforts. TEPCO Holdings’ approach to thedischarge of ALPS treated water is as follows.

First, regarding the discharge of the ALPS treated water into the sea, we will
ensure the safety of the public, surrounding environment as well as agricultural,
forestry and fishery products through compliance with safety standards basedon relevant laws and legislations. We will take further measures based oninternational standards and practices to confirm the safety of the water to bedischarged.


To ensure the safety of the public and surrounding environment, we will
surely comply with regulatory standards and relevant laws for concentrationof tritium and other radioactive materials in the water to be discharged,
which are set based on international standards (e.g. International
Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) publication).

3

With regard to the radiation impact 3 of the discharge on the public andenvironment under the above mentioned conditions, we will assess its safety
and publish the results prior to starting the necessary procedure for approval
by Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA). Additionally, we will receive reviewsby experts such as those of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) andothers.
The water to be discharged will be purified and diluted in two stages outlined

below.
 Stage 1: Water stored in tanks will be purified and treated for radioactive
materials other than tritium as many times as necessary until theconcentration of radioactive materials other than tritium falls below theregulatory standard value for safety before discharge. Before dilution
prior to discharge, the concentrations of radioactive materials (tritium,
62 nuclides (nuclides subject to removal by ALPS) and carbon – 14) inthe water stored in tanks will be measured and assessed. The results will
be published before discharge every time and will be confirmed by third
parties.
 Stage 2: Afterward, the tritium that cannot be removed using ALPS will
be diluted by more than 100 times with large amounts of seawater andthen discharged. The concentration of radioactive materials other thantritium at this point will be far below the national government’s
regulatory standard value.
Tritium which is difficult to remove will be diluted with enough seawater toconcentrations far below regulatory standards to the current operationaltarget value for the tritium concentration in drainage of underground water
bypass and subdrain (less than 1500 Bq/L).
As shown above, in addition to “complying with regulatory standards and

laws”, we will ensure that the water to be discharged is safe by “conducting
secondary treatment”, “having it confirmed by third parties”, and “sufficiently
diluting the water”.

3

Including the potential impact on the marine environment.

4Second, in discharging ALPS treated water into the sea, we will further expandand strengthen our sea area monitoring efforts to minimize the adverse impacts
on reputation. Objectivity and transparency of monitoring will be secured byasking for the cooperation of experts and the people in the agricultural, forestry,
and fishery industry.



Third, the tanks on site that store the water will be continually monitored forleaks through monitoring of the tank water level and conducting patrols in which
the tank will be visually checked for leaks.

Furthermore, the tanks andconnecting pipes will be maintained and managed appropriately to prepare forfurther natural disasters.


Fourth, to dispel concerns and foster understanding of parties concerned both
domestically and internationally, we will continuously provide accurate
information in a highly transparent manner, regarding the impacts on theenvironment such as the results of measurements/analysis on the concentrationof radioactive materials in the ALPS treated water before discharge; status of thedischarge and the results of sea area monitoring; as well as the results ofassessment of the radiation impact on the public and the environment. To
minimize the adverse impacts on reputation, we will do our utmost in promoting
production, processing, distribution, and consumption (cultivating new markets).

Fifth, if reputational damage is incurred as a result of the discharge of ALPS
treated water despite these efforts, we will provide swift and appropriatecompensation.

2. Design and operation of necessary facilities
TEPCO Holdings will implement detailed design and operation of facilities necessary
for the discharge of ALPS treated water into the sea in around two years’ time whilehearing feedbacks of parties concerned. Taking into account the feedback, we arepreparing to obtain approval from the nuclear regulatory authority (NRA) by creatinga plan to steadily implement measures required by government policy. Current
assumptions for advancing concrete discussions for design and operations are as
follows.

5With regard to the design and the operation of facilities for discharging thewater into the sea, we will comply with the laws such as “Law for the Regulationsof Nuclear Source Material, Nuclear Fuel Material and Reactors”, and will receivenecessary approval from the NRA. Progress made in the approval process andconstruction work, status of discharge will be reported in the Commission on
Supervision and Evaluation of the Specified Nuclear Facilities. Moreover, we will
review the design of such facilities and their operation as appropriate inaccordance with progress made in the assessment of the radiological impact on
the public and the environment as well as in future technological development,
to modify facilities and improve operations. .

Secondary treatment will be conducted as necessary for water stored in tanks forwhich the sum of ratios of the concentration of the 62 radionuclides other thantritium (nuclides subject to removal by ALPS), and carbon-14 to the regulatory
standard of each is more than one, until concentrations fall below the regulatory
standard value for safety (the sum of ratios is less than one). The sum of ratiosof these radioactive materials will be less than 0.01 after it is diluted with large
amounts of seawater by more than 100 times. The tritium concentration of thewater will also be measured before dilution.



Similarly to ALPS treated water that has gone through secondary treatment, theconcentration of tritium, the 62 nuclides (subject to removal by ALPS) andcarbon-14 in water for which the sum of ratios of the concentration of the 62
radionuclides other than tritium (nuclides subject to removal by ALPS) andcarbon-14 to the regulatory standard of each was already less than 1 will also bemeasured and assessed before dilution of the ALPS treated water prior to thedischarge. If the sum of ratios of the concentration of the 62 radionuclides(nuclides subject to removal by ALPS) other than tritium and carbon-14 to theregulatory standard of each is more than one in this measurement, the water will
also undergo secondary treatment.



The concentration of tritium, 62 nuclides (nuclides subject to removal by ALPS),
and carbon–14 in ALPS treated water and its assessment results will be disclosed
promptly every time before dilution of the ALPS treated water prior to thedischarge. Measurements and assessments by third parties will also be disclosed.

6The concentration of tritium in the water to be discharged will be sufficiently
below the government’s standard and safety regulations (upper limit of thenotification concentration) of 60,000 Bq/L and the criteria indicated in the
Guidelines for drinking-water quality of the World Health Organization(hereinafter WHO)of 10,000 Bq/L, and will also be below 1500 Bq/L, theoperational target for the concentration of drainage of the groundwater bypass
and subdrain currently being dealt with.


ALPS treated water will be discharged carefully. Discharge will start in small
amounts to verify the soundness of facilities, procedures for transferring ALPS
treated water, the process for measuring the concentration of radioactive
materials, assessment of the level of dilution of tritium in the water to bedischarged, and its dispersion in the ocean.



If transfer facilities or dilution facilities do not perform as planned due to failures
or outages, the discharge of ALPS treated water will be halted immediately. If
there are any abnormal values detected in sea area monitoring, the discharge of
ALPS treated water will be halted and details will be investigated. It will be
confirmed that discharge can be conducted safely before resuming discharge.

In the near term, the amount of tritium discharged will be less than 22 trillion Bq
per year which was the discharge management target value for Fukushima
Daiichi before the accident. The amount of tritium that can be discharged
annually will be reviewed as necessary based on the progress made in
decommissioning.



To continue to discharge ALPS treated water in a stable manner and to continue
construction of facilities necessary for steady decommissioning in a planned
manner, the necessity of additional temporary tanks on the Fukushima Daiichi
site will be examined further. The order of the discharge of the water stored intanks (order of secondary treatment, etc.) and plans for dismantling tanks will be
discussed so that necessary facilities can be constructed in a planned manner.



Based on the understanding that purification and treatment of contaminatedwater will need to be continued in the long-term, we will continue to improve
the performance of various water treatment facilities including ALPS and willconsider replacing such facilities as needed. Radioactivity measuring technology
will also be improved.
7The amount of contaminated water generated will be further reduced to 100
m3/day in 2025; efforts to reduce the amount of contaminated water generated
will be continued thereafter, repairing the building and paving over the groundto prevent rainwater and groundwater inflow. Additionally, the reuse of water
stored in the tanks will be considered to further reduce the amount of ALPS
treated water. Based on these efforts, we will continuously monitor the amountof contaminated water generated and changes in the tritium concentration of
the contaminated water to carefully adjust the amount of the water to bedischarged.

3. Environmental monitoring
We are aware that many both domestic and abroad are concerned about theenvironmental impact of ALPS treated water discharge. Considering this, we will
confirm through continuous sea area monitoring of seawater, fishes, and seaweeds that
unforeseen events have not occurred.
Specifically, we will create an enhanced sea area monitoring plan with increased
sampling points and sampling frequency, and will start sea area monitoring according
to this plan a year before discharge is scheduled to start. The results of monitoring will
be disclosed promptly and third parties will measures, assess and disclose results tosecure transparency.
Sea area monitoring conducted according to this enhanced plan will focus on
measuring and assessing tritium in addition to current sea area monitoring of cesium
137. Most of the samples will continue to be of seawater but we will also increase thenumber of samples taken of fishes and seaweeds.
Water is purified until the 62 nuclides other than tritium (nuclides subject to removal
by ALPS) and carbon–14 in ALPS treated water is at a concentration that is below theregulatory standard value (sum of ratios of the concentration of each radionuclide to
the regulatory standards of each is less than one) before it is diluted. This water will be
diluted by large amounts of seawater by more than 100 times to be discharged into
the water below 1/100th of government’s regulatory standard, and the water will thendisperse naturally. Therefore, measuring these radioactive materials will become moredifficult but to ensure safety at a higher level, we will study measurement and8assessment methods to confirm that there is no significant change in levels before andafter discharge.
In conducting sea area monitoring (collecting samples, measuring radioactivity), we
will ask people of the agricultural, forestry, and fishery industry and local government
officials to participate in and to observe our efforts to increase understanding of ALPS
water discharge into the sea. We will also respond appropriately to the confirmations
requested and advice provided by the new meeting body established by thegovernment comprised of experts in marine environment.
Our review draft published previously contained the results of the tritium dispersion
simulation that assumes 22 trillion Bq of tritium-worth of ALPS treated water isdischarged into the sea annually . 4 Results showed that tritium concentration wasabove 1 Bq/L, which is 1/10,000 of the WHO’s Guidelines for drinking-water quality of
10,000 Bq/L ,5 in areas 1.5 km to the north, 1.5 km to the south, and 0.7 km offshore
Fukushima Daiichi . This area is close to Fukushima Daiichi (within the area where joint
fishing rights are not granted (3km to the south and north, 1.5 km offshore)).
We are also planning on conducting fish feeding tests to provide empirical evidence
regarding the radioactivity within ALPS treated water as part of environmental
monitoring. We will ask for the cooperation and support of experts and those involvedin the fishery industry, and prepare to report on the status and results of testing.
Additionally, we will also continue to clean drainage channels to reduce theradioactivity concentration within the bay of Fukushima Daiichi and expel fish from thebay.

See March 24, 2020 “TEPCO Draft Study Responding to the Subcommittee Report on Handling ALPS Treated
Water”.

4

In the dispersion simulation of tritium in ALPS treated water, tritium discharged into the ocean at a concentrationof less than 1500 Bq/L gradually disperses and the concentration falls the further out it goes from the point ofdischarge. At the same time, water in the natural environment (tap water, seawater) contains around 0.1 to 1 Bq/Lof tritium as a result of cosmic rays Therefore, the tritium from the ALPS treated water and tritium from natural
sources are indistinguishable in water that contains less than 1 Bq/L of tritium. So in this dispersion simulation, weused 1 Bq/L, when the tritium from natural sources become indistinguishable, as the standard for determining theassessment scope in this simulation. The simulation results are representative of the average dispersion under theweather conditions observed from January to December 2014. The application of weather conditions from different
years or special weather conditions produced similar results though there were slight variations in the area that hadconcentrations of tritium of 1 Bq/L or more.
5

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4.

Review on the safety by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Considering not just domestic legislations but also relevant international laws andpractices, we plan to receive reviews by IAEA experts before and after the start of thedischarge, which will cover the safety of the design of facilities and their operation
methods; the plan and implementation status of the sea area monitoring; the capabilityof the radiation measurement of TEPCO; the reliability of radiation measurements bycomparing analysis of different laboratories; the assessment of radiation impact on the
public and the environment, and so on. Then, we will reflect appropriately IAEA’s
guidance and advisory points to further improve and strengthen our measures.
In order to manage the above issues properly, we will study the specific design offacilities for transfer and dilution process and its operation, as well as prepare for theassessment of radiological impact on the public and the environment, and will provide
information and explanations to the IAEA through the government.

5. Response to the adverse impacts on reputation, Measures to respond to
reputational damage(1) Communication to foster understanding domestic and abroad
TEPCO Holdings as the organization responsible for discharging ALPS treated water
into the sea will continue to actively promote initiatives for facilitating communicationto accurately convey information to minimize the adverse impacts on reputation andreputational damage.


We will develop and actively use PR tools such as videos and pamphlets todisseminate scientific evidence-based information in an easy-to-understandmanner on the characteristics of ALPS treated water, tritium, and performanceof ALPS. These tools will be continuously improved based on people’s feedback.
The discharge method, examination system, measurement results, andmonitoring results will be swiftly and accurately disseminated domestically andabroad.



We will encourage the media and key figures to visit and cover Fukushima
Daiichi in the reporting so that accurate information about ALPS treated water

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can be conveyed in various angles. Additionally, information will also be
disseminated through our website and on social media.


We will work to increase the number of visitors population to the Hamadoriand surrounding areas and communicate our initiatives and policy regarding
the discharge of ALPS treated water into the sea at various opportunities
including in visits and tours of Fukushima Daiichi and events. During theseopportunities, we will ensure that we are conducting two-way communication
where we listen and consider people’s concerns, opinions, and requests
sincerely.



We consider the tours of Fukushima Daiichi to be an important opportunity todirectly take in a range of perspectives. We will continue to have local residents
and parties concerned tour Fukushima Daiichi to communicate the challenges
and progress made in decommissioning, measures to reduce the amount ofcontaminated water generated, and the status of tank storage.

We will steadily disseminate accurate information promptly to audiences
overseas through our website and social media. Understanding frominternational society will be fostered by actively hosting visitors from various
countries including those who are currently restricting imports from Japan.

(2) Production/processing/distribution/consumption measures
We will concentrate on initiatives to secure safety when ALPS treated water isdischarged into the sea, initiatives to minimize the adverse impacts on reputation, andinitiatives to explain the measures that we will implement should reputational damage
occur to people in various industries that could be impacted by such rumors. .
Specifically, we will implement the following for the production, processing,
distribution, and consumption in the relevant industries.
In response to concerns regarding reputational damage that could occur, we
will continue to promote the distribution of products produced in Fukushima
by cultivating new markets in the Tokyo Metropolitan area and within
Fukushima for agricultural and livestock products (mainly rice, beef, andpeaches) and fishery products. We will enhance and strengthen efforts to11cultivate markets for Joban-mono (products made in the Joban area) to
support the full recovery of the fishery industry and to increase its landing.
Given this new policy outlined by the government, we will be working withparties concerned to develop a suitable environment for supporting fisheryrelated brokers and processors in the Hamadori area by, for example, changing
the articles of incorporation of Fukushima Soso Reconstruction Promotion
Organization.



In addition, taking into account discussions on the necessity of additional
measures in the “Ministerial Meeting Toward the Realization of the Basic Policy
on Handling of ALPS Treated Water” that the government launched, we will
expand and enhance these measures as necessary through dialogue anddiscussion with Fukushima prefecture, other neighboring prefectures, andparties concerned.

(3) Response should reputational damage be incurred

If reputational damage is incurred as a result of the discharge of ALPS treatedwater despite measures to minimize the adverse impacts on reputation, we willappropriately and swiftly compensate for losses due to the discharge of ALPS
treated water without putting restrictions on the compensation period, region,or industry beforehand.



In confirming actual damage incurred, we will carefully listen to circumstancesof each individual case and will respond appropriately, referencing the
reduction in the volume of products or services traded, reduction in prices, andother objective indicators such as statistical data. If the exact amount ofdamage attributable to the discharge of ALPS treated water is difficult to
calculate because of the existence of attributable causes other than the
discharge of ALPS treated water, we will respond flexibly to minimize theburden on the persons to whom the damage was sustained by inferring theamount of damage using rational means.

In working to compensate for reputational damage we will respectfully explain
specific standards of compensation to parties concerned to dispel theirconcerns and gain their understanding. To that end, we will set up a dedicated12inquiry desk to pick up on the concerns. We will listen to and engage with theconcerns and respond appropriately.

6. Investigation Regarding Tritium Separation Technology
We have not been able to confirm the existence of tritium separation technologythat can be used on ALPS treated water at Fukushima Daiichi. The ALPS Subcommittee
and the IAEA have come to similar conclusions. Preparations for the discharge of ALPS
treated water will be continued, aiming for start discharge into the sea in around two
years’ time. Large amounts of the water will not be discharged at once and the timerequired for decommissioning will be used effectively. We will continue to keep a close
eye on new developments in the tritium separation technology during this time.
To this end, a new scheme will be considered involving third parties on implementing
a wide range of surveys and accepting proposals for the feasibility of tritium separation
technology, and any realistically practical technology identified will be actively verified
and adopted.

In Closing
Under the guidance of various parties concerned including the government, we havebeen working to reduce continuous risk in the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi
by maintaining a stable plant, implementing multilayered contaminated watermeasures, and improving the work environment.
As residents of the Fukushima Daiichi area return home and more people start tomove to the area, and as recovery efforts progress, we are committed to safely andsteadily completing the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi while also indicating a
specific plan for decommissioning based on the “TEPCO Holdings Mid-and-Long-Term
Roadmap towards the Decommissioning of TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power
Station” and the new government policy on the handling of ALPS treated water given
the great principle of balancing recovery and decommissioning. Furthermore, we will
work to communicate swiftly, accurately, and objectively to deepen the siting regionand society’s understanding of our handling of the ALPS treated water and otherdecommissioning efforts without causing concern, and do our utmost to respond toadverse impacts on reputation.
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There is much concern about the adverse impacts on reputation the discharge of
ALPS treated water may cause, and we understand that the water will be discharged
with TEPCO Holdings under severe scrutiny. We take this situation seriously, and will
engage in careful dialogue with local residents and parties concerned. From the startof concrete discussions on the design and operation of facilities necessary for discharge
into the sea, start of actual discharge, to after start of discharge, we will continuously
disseminate information and engage maintain dialogue with parties concerned.
Additionally, we will do our utmost on countering rumors, while also appropriately
addressing the fact that our competency as a nuclear operator is being questioned, asa challenge that needs to be tackled by management and the whole organization under
the leadership of the President. As the party responsible for the Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Station Accident, TEPCO will strive to regain trust in our businessendeavors, and in accordance with our fundamental principle of “balancing recovery
with decommissioning,” move steadily forward with the decommissioning of the
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, contaminated water and treated water
countermeasures, while prioritizing safety.

END

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Reference: Schedule
Government policy is decided

Apply for approval of changes to theimplementation plan (NRA)Radiological impact assessment for
public and environment as a result of
the discharge of ALPS treated water

Receive approval for changes in theimplementation plan (NRA)（TBD）
IAEA review（TBD）
Review by experts

In around 2 years
Start of sea area monitoring

Approx. a year

Start of discharge (start carefully discharging small
amounts)
Continue sea area monitoring

15

（TBD）
IAEA review