DOE/CF-0156

Department of Energy
FY 2020 Congressional
Budget Request

Budget in Brief

March 2019

Office of Chief Financial Officer

DOE/CF-0156

Department of Energy
FY 2020 Congressional
Budget Request

Budget in Brief

March 2019

Office of Chief Financial Officer
Printed with soy ink on recycled paper

FY 2020 BUDGET IN BRIEF
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Funding by Appropriation .......................................................................................................................................................... 12
Funding by Organization ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
Under Secretary for Energy
Energy Programs
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy ....................................................................................................................... 14
Electricity......................................................................................................................................................................... 19Power Marketing Administrations .................................................................................................................................. 22
Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response ............................................................................................ 24
Petroleum Reserves ........................................................................................................................................................ 26
Fossil Energy Research and Development ...................................................................................................................... 28
Nuclear Energy ................................................................................................................................................................ 32
Yucca Mountain and Interim Storage ............................................................................................................................. 34
Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs .................................................................................................................. 35
Environment, Health, Safety and Security Mission Support ........................................................................................... 36
Credit Programs
Title 17 – Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program ................................................................................ 38
Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program ............................................................................ 39
Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program ............................................................................................................... 40
Other Energy Programs
Energy Information Administration ................................................................................................................................ 41
Under Secretary for Science
Science.................................................................................................................................................................................. 42
Environmental Management ............................................................................................................................................... 46
Legacy Management ............................................................................................................................................................ 50
Under Secretary for Nuclear Security and National Nuclear Security Administration
National Nuclear Security Administration ........................................................................................................................... 51
Federal Salaries and Expenses ........................................................................................................................................ 52
Weapons Activities ......................................................................................................................................................... 53
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation ................................................................................................................................. 56
Naval Reactors ................................................................................................................................................................ 58
Other Department Offices
Departmental Administration .............................................................................................................................................. 60
Independent Enterprise Assessments .................................................................................................................................. 62
Hearings and Appeals ........................................................................................................................................................... 63
Office of the Inspector General ............................................................................................................................................ 64
International Affairs ............................................................................................................................................................. 65
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission .................................................................................................................................... 66

OVERVIEWThe President requests $31.7B in discretionary funds for the Department of Energy (DOE) in FY 2020 to secure America’s
future through energy independence, scientific innovation, and national security. The Budget Request advances key
Administration investments in early-stage research and development (R&D) to facilitate private sector energy activity,
cybersecurity, next generation supercomputers, artificial intelligence, technology transfer, cleanup of U.S. cold war nuclear
sites, and modernization of the Nation’s nuclear deterrent based on the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR).
The FY 2020 Budget Request provides:

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY•$2.4B to fund innovations that will make U.S. energy
sources more affordable, reliable, and efficient; focusedon energy storage and harsh environment materials,
investments in federal R&D infrastructure and testbeds, aswell as other activities that build on U.S. energy
dominance•$5.5B to conduct cutting-edge scientific R&D and build
state-of-the art scientific tools and facilities to keep U.S.
researchers at the forefront of scientific innovation, including achieving exascale computing in 2021 and 2022 andincreasing funding for Quantum Computer and Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML)•

$6.5B to continue our commitment for the cleanup of sites resulting from six decades of nuclear weapons
development and production and Government-sponsored nuclear energy research•$16.5B to support national security including sustainment and modernization of the U.S. nuclear stockpile andaging infrastructure, reducing global nuclear threats, and propelling the nuclear NavyDOE Programs
FY20 ($M)•
Energy2,407•
Science
5,546•
Environmental Management
6,469•
National Nuclear Security Administration 16,485•
Administration and Oversight796
DOE Total
31,703

SECURING AMERICA’S FUTURE THROUGH ENERGY INDEPENDENCE, SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION, AND NATIONAL SECURITY
The FY 2020 Budget Request advances key mission areas through significant investments in early-stage scientific research,energy storage, cybersecurity, next generation supercomputers, artificial intelligence, cleanup of the sites under the
Department’s Environmental Management program, and modernization of the nuclear security enterprise.
The Request continues to focus the Department’s energy ($2.4B) and science ($5.5B) programs on early-stage R&D at thenational laboratories to advance American primacy in scientific and energy research in an efficient and cost effective
manner. In order to help facilitate and accelerate private sector innovation, the Request prioritizes support for federal R&D
infrastructure and testbeds, including $100 million for the Versatile Advanced Test Reactor, a key element of the Civil
Nuclear Review. This puts the facility on the path to construction and helps demonstrate the Administration’s commitment
to revitalize the U.S. nuclear sector. The Request also provides funding to accelerate the conversion of the National Wind
Technology Center into an experimental microgrid capable of testing grid integration at the megawatt scale. The Request
also includes funding to establish the new Grid Storage Launchpad, part of the Advanced Energy Storage Initiative (AESI),
which will create a new, dedicated testing bed space for the development of new technologies aimed at the strength andresilience of the US electrical grid.
The Request also emphasizes cutting-edge innovation including $158 M for the new AESI that will, through intradepartmental
collaboration, accelerate the development of energy storage R&D as a key to increasing energy security, reliability, resilience,and system flexibility technologies. This approach with the full suite of DOE technologies, takes a broad, holistic view ofenergy storage as a set of capabilities that enable temporal flexibility in the conversion of energy resources to useful energy
services. Building on current applied energy program activities, this initiative would develop a coordinated strategy foraligning DOE R&D and establish aggressive, yet achievable goals for cost competitive energy storage services. In addition,
the Budget Request funds $59M for a new Harsh Environment Materials Initiative (HEMI) that will exploit synergies in materials
and component manufacturing process research for advanced thermoelectric power plants. Building on current applied energy
program activities, this initiative would leverage activities related to advanced reactor technologies and high efficiency low

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emissions modular coal plants to align R&D of novel materials, integrated sensors, and manufacturing processes. The Request also
will continue to expand the commercial impact of DOE’s innovation portfolio by supporting transition of new and evolving
energy technology to U.S markets through the Office of Technology Transitions ($9M). National and economic security also
depends on the reliable function of the Nation’s overall energy infrastructure in face of the threat posed by malicious cyber actors.
Cybersecurity is one of the Administration’s highest priorities, and the FY 2020 Budget Request provides funding in multiple
programs to help prevent and address cyberattacks on the energy sector and to secure the DOE enterprise.
The Request provides $157M for Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER), including funding to
improve energy sector cybersecurity, which has emerged as one of the Nation’s most important security challenges. The
Request reflects the critical need to accelerate and expand efforts to strengthen the energy infrastructure against cyberthreats and mitigate vulnerabilities, focusing on enhancing the speed and effectiveness of cyber threat and vulnerability
sharing, establishing a national cyber supply chain assessment capability in partnership with industry, and acceleratinggame-changing R&D.
Also, the Request includes $444.3M for DOE Enterprise cybersecurity, an increase of $35M from the FY 2019 Enacted
amount, to reduce DOE exposure to threats and to manage enterprise cybersecurity risks. This includes $78M for the
Department’s Office of Chief Information Officer to continue to improve cybersecurity, scale capacity commensurate withdemand, and establish IT enterprise capabilities allowing for commercial/managed service implementations of services withengineered and inherent cybersecurity capabilities, such as Virtual Datacenter services, and Desktop-as-a-Service (DaaS),
while providing foundational requirements for enhanced cybersecurity tools, products, and capabilities. The Request also
includes over $366M in other program office budgets to support improved DOE cybersecurity, including $234M for the
cybersecurity of NNSA.
The Request proposes for elimination the Advanced Research Projects Agency—Energy (ARPA-E) program. This elimination
facilitates opportunities to integrate the positive aspects of ARPA-E into DOE’s applied energy research programs. In
addition, the Title XVII Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program; the Advanced Technology Vehicle Manufacturing
Loan Program; and the Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program are also proposed for elimination as the private sector isbetter positioned to provide financing for the deployment of commercially viable projects. To further achieve fiscal
discipline and reduce taxpayer risk, the Budget Request proposes to repeal the Western Area Power Administration’sborrowing authority that finances the construction of electricity transmission projects. Investments in transmission assets
are best carried out by the private sector where there are appropriate market and regulatory incentives.
The Request provides $809M, including $500M in the Office of Science and $309M in the National Nuclear Security
Administration (NNSA) to achieve exascale computing in 2021 with a second system with a different architecture in 2022,
reasserting U.S. leadership in this critical area along with research to enable the use of exascale computing in science
research activities. The Budget Request funds research, development, and design at Argonne National Laboratory and Oak
Ridge National Laboratory. The Science/NNSA partnership will bolster America’s national security by supporting the nuclear
stockpile while supporting the next generation of science breakthroughs not possible with today’s fastest computing
systems.
The Request funds $119M ($71M in Science and $48M in NNSA) to improve the robustness, reliability, and transparency ofAI and Big Data technologies, uncertainty quantification, and development of software tools to tightly couple simulation,
data analysis, and AI for DOE mission applications.
The Request also invests $168.5M in address the emerging urgency of building U.S. competency and competitiveness in thedeveloping area of quantum information science, including quantum computing and quantum sensor technology. This earlystage, fundamental research will concentrate on accelerating progress towards application of quantum computing
techniques and quantum sensing to grand challenge science questions that are beyond the capabilities of classicalcomputers.
The Request invests $6.5B to meet the challenges of the nation’s Manhattan Project and Cold War legacy responsibilities toand address cleanup of sites resulting from six decades of nuclear weapons development and production and Governmentsponsored nuclear energy research.

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FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

Demonstrating the Administration’s commitment to nuclear waste management, the Request of $116M resumes support
for Yucca Mountain regulatory activities and develops and implements a robust interim storage program. The Yucca
Mountain and Interim Storage programs are critical to enhancing the national and economic security goals of the nation.
The Request provides $16.5B to NNSA to support the security and safety of our nation by modernizing the nuclear security
enterprise, including the ongoing refurbishment of the nuclear weapon stockpile, in alignment with the 2018 NPR, reducing
global nuclear threats, and designing and maintaining safe and effective nuclear propulsion of the U.S. Navy.
The Request includes $796M in savings and receipts offsets and funding for the Department supporting activities.

ENERGYThe FY 2020 Budget Request advances energy independence by investing in America’s leadership in energy innovations thatwill make U.S. energy sources more affordable, reliable, and efficient. The FY 2020 Request provides $2.4B for energy andrelated programs, $2.8B below FY 2019 Enacted, and continues the Administration’s prioritization of the early-stage R&D
that takes place at the National Laboratories.
Highlights include:•$343M in new funding and proposed use of$353M in prior year balances for a total of $696M
in FY 2020 for Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy, $1.7B below FY 2019 Enacted. The
Request focuses on early stage R&D on energy
technologies including two new crosscutting
initiatives: Advanced Energy Storage and Harsh
Environmental Materials. EERE’s budget request
also includes an expansion of the diverse
capabilities of the National Wind Technology
Center (NWTC) campus at National Renewable
Energy Laboratory.

ENERGYFY20 ($M)
Energy Programs•
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
343•Electricity
182•
Power Marketing Administrations
78•
Cyber Security, Energy Security, & Emergency Response 157•
Fossil Energy Research and Development
562•
Petroleum Reserves
188•
Nuclear Energy
824•
Yucca Mountain and Interim Storage
116•
Indian Energy
8•
Loan Programs-169•
Energy Information Administration
118
Energy Total
2,407

EERE invests in early-stage research to spur
private-sector research, development, andcommercialization of critical energy technologies:
sustainable transportation technologies to increase fuel diversity and improve efficiency across the transportation
sector ($153.4M); renewable power generation technologies to compete with other electricity sources without
subsidies ($163.7M); and energy efficiency to improve affordability, energy productivity, and resiliency of homes,
buildings, and manufacturing sectors ($145.9M). The request eliminates the Weatherization and State Energy
subprograms more appropriately funded at the state level.
•$182M for Electricity (OE), $27M above FY2019 enacted, to continue support of the mission of secure and resilient
sources of energy; develop an integrated North American Energy Resiliency Model to conduct planning and contingency
analysis to address vulnerabilities in the North American energy system; pursue megawatt-scale storage capable ofsupporting voltage and frequency regulation, ramping and energy management for bulk and distribution powersystems; pursue integration of high-fidelity, low-cost sensing technology for predictive and correlation modeling forelectricity and interdependence with oil and natural gas systems; and pursue electricity-related policy issues by carryingout statutory and executive requirements, while also providing policy design and analysis expertise to Federal, State,tribal, territorial, and regional entities.

•$78M for the Power Marketing Administrations (PMA), $1M above FY 2019 Enacted for the four PMAs to sell electricity
primarily generated by federally owned hydropower projects to public entities and electric cooperatives. The Request
includes a mandatory budget proposal to authorize the Federal government to sell the transmission assets ofSouthwestern Power Administration, Western Area Power Administration, and Bonneville Power Administration. The

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FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

Request also includes a legislative proposal for all four of the PMAs to change their statutory rate structure requirementsfrom cost recovery to a market based structure that takes into consideration rates charged by comparable utilities andwhich could allow for faster recoupment of the taxpayer investment.
•$157M for Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER), $37M above FY2019 enacted, to continue
support of emergency preparedness and response by supporting the energy sector, pursuing enhancements to national
efforts, and cooperating with public and private-sector stakeholders, for preparedness, and resilience, and recovery of U.S.
energy infrastructure from all threats and hazards. The Request funds early-stage research and development to delivergame-changing tools and technologies that help utilities secure and reduce risks to today’s energy infrastructure from advanced
cyber threats and design next-generation future systems that are built from inception to automatically detect, reject, andwithstand cyber incidents, regardless of the threat.

•$562M for Fossil Energy R&D, $178M below FY 2019 Enacted, to conduct research that supports the clean, affordable
and efficient use of domestic fossil energy resources. Through multiple R&D efforts with academia, National Laboratories,
and the private sector generates knowledge that industry can use to develop new products and processes, improve thereliability, availability, efficiency, and environmental performance of advanced fossil-based power systems. The Request
supports R&D focused on: (1) novel fossil-fueled power systems and components that improve the reliability and efficiency of
new and existing units; (2) advanced materials and computational systems; (3) utilization of coal and CO2 for the production ofcritical materials and products; (4) transformational CO2 capture technologies applicable to both new and existing fossil-fueled
facilities; and (5) CO2 storage, with emphasis on storage in depleted oil and gas fields; offshore geologic reservoirs; andaddressing injection challenges across all reservoir types. The Request also will fund early-stage research to generate newunderstanding of shale geology and fracture dynamics to enable industry to further develop unconventional oil and natural gas
resources and conduct work focused on characterizing gas hydrates and new concepts for technologies that could
improve the reliability and operational efficiency of natural gas transmission, distribution, and storage facilities.

•$824M for Nuclear Energy, $502M below FY 2019 Enacted, to support diverse civilian nuclear energy programs
including research and development of nuclear energy technologies, including generation, safety, and security
technologies, to help unleash an era of energy dominance through strategic support for innovation. 1 The Request
supports efforts to extend the life of the existing commercial nuclear reactor fleet through early-stage research inmaterials aging and degradation, safety margin characterization, safety technologies, and instrumentation and controls.
The Request also supports progress towards developing one or more light water reactor fuel concepts with significant
enhanced accident tolerance, investigating technologies for providing high assay low enriched uranium (HALEU) feedstock
for advanced reactor fuels, and early-stage R&D and strategic investments in developing innovating and crosscutting
nuclear energy technologies.

•$116M for the Yucca Mountain and Interim Storage Program, to accelerate progress on fulfilling the Federal
Government’s obligations to address nuclear waste, enhance national security, and reduce future taxpayer burden. The
Request proposes funding from two separate appropriation accounts, Nuclear Waste Disposal ($90M) and Defense
Nuclear Waste Disposal ($26M), to resume regulatory activities concerning Yucca Mountain and initiate a robust interim
storage program.

•$8M, $10M below FY 2019 Enacted, to advance electrification and energy development and deployment on Indian lands,
reducing energy costs, and assisting economic development in tribal communities where unemployment and poverty rates far
exceed national averages.

•

Terminates the Loan Programs and cancels credit subsidy and loan volume authority and will utilize balances toward
shut down of all activities not related to monitoring existing loan guarantees and portfolios.

•

Terminates the Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy, by utilizing portions of its unobligated balances to executethe multi-year termination of the program, with all operations ceasing by FY 2022.

1

Amounts for FY 2019 do not reflect the transfer of funds from Naval Reactors to the Office of Nuclear Energy for
maintenance and operation of the Advanced Test Reactor.

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FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

•$188M for Petroleum Reserves, $77M below FY 2019 Enacted, and provides funding for the Strategic Petroleum
Reserve (SPR) and the Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves. The Request proposes to disestablish the Northeast
Gasoline Supply Reserve and the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve (NEHHOR). The President’s Budget continues the saleof SPR oil for the Energy Security and Infrastructure Modernization Fund authorized by the Bipartisan Budget Act of2015 to support an effective modernization program for the SPR.

•

$118M for the Energy Information Administration, $7M below FY 2019 Enacted, to continue supporting the collection,
analysis, and dissemination of independent and impartial energy information and analysis to promote soundpolicymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding.

SCIENCEThe FY 2020 Budget Request includes $5.5B for the Office of Science, $1B below the FY 2019 Enacted, to focus on its core
mission of conducting cutting edge, early-stage research. The Request supports a balanced research portfolio of basic
scientific research probing some of the most fundamental questions in areas such as: high energy, nuclear, and plasma
physics, materials and chemistry, biological and environmental systems, applied mathematics, next generation highperformance computing and simulation capabilities, and basic research for advancement in new energy technologies.
The Budget Request furthers discovery at the frontiers of science, maintaining 40% of its budget for research supporting
over 22,000 researchers, including $500M to achieve exascale computing; operation of the national labs and world-classscientific instruments for over 32,000 users; and construction of the next generation of scientific facilities and tools,
including the Linac Coherent Light Source-II at SLAC; Advanced Photon Source Upgrade at Argonne National Laboratory(ANL); Advanced Light Source Upgrade at LBNL; Matter in Extreme Conditions Petawatt Upgrade at SLAC; Long Baseline
Neutrino Facility/Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (LBNF/DUNE), FNAL; Proton Improvement Plan II), FNAL ; U.S.
Stable Isotope Production and Research Center at ORNL; Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at MSU; Critical Utilities
Rehabilitation Project at Brookhaven National Laboratory; the Seismic and Safety Modernization at Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory; the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) Renovation and Expansion at Thomas
Jefferson National Accelerator Facility ay TJNAF; the Craft Resource’s Support Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL); Large Scale Collaboration Center at the SLAC National Accelerator Facility; and $107M for the ITER project.
Highlights include:••$921M for Advanced Scientific Computing Research(ASCR), $15M below the FY 2019 Enacted level. The
funding includes $464M to accelerate the developmentof exascale-capable computing systems, applications
and software infrastructure in order to deploy the firstexascale system in calendar year 2021 that will provide
the next-generation tools for scientific discovery andmeet national security needs. The Request supports
advanced computational research, appliedmathematics, and computer science, as well as
development and operation of multiple, large highperformance and leadership computing user facilities
and high-performance networking.

SCIENCE
Science Programs
FY20 ($M)•
Advanced Scientific Computing Research
921•
Basic Energy Sciences
1,858•
Biological and Environmental Research
494•
Fusion Energy Sciences
403•
High Energy Physics
768•
Nuclear Physics
625•
Science Laboratory Infrastructure
164•
Security and Administration
294•
Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists
20
Science Total
5,546$1.9B for Basic Energy Sciences (BES), $308M below the FY 2019 Enacted level. The Request supports early-stage,fundamental research to understand, predict, and ultimately control matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, andmolecular levels in order to provide the foundations for new energy technologies, to mitigate the environmental impacts ofenergy use, and to support DOE missions in energy, environment, and national security. The Request includes funding forcore research activities to support Quantum Information Sciences (QIS), next-generation microelectronics, data analytics andmachine learning for data-driven science, ultrafast science, catalysis science, synthesis, instrumentation science, and materials
and chemical research related to future nuclear energy systems, next-generation electrical energy storage, interdependent

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FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

energy-water issues, and fundamental research to enable advancement of clean energy technologies. Priority areas also
include the Energy Frontier Research Centers, two Energy Innovation Hubs, five x-ray light sources, two neutron
scattering sources, and five research centers for nanoscale science.
•$494M for Biological and Environmental Research (BER), $211M below the FY 2019 Enacted level. BER supports
fundamental research to understand complex biological, biogeochemical, and physical principles of natural systems at scales
extending from the genome of microbes and plants to the environmental and ecological processes at the scale of the planet
Earth. The Request continues operation of the three BER scientific user facilities: the Joint Genome Institute, the Atmospheric
Radiation Measurement Research Facility, and the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory.

•$403M for Fusion Energy Sciences, $161M below FY 2019 Enacted, supports research to understand matter at very hightemperatures and densities and to build the scientific foundation needed to develop a fusion energy source. The Request
funds the DIII-D program research and facility operations; the Materials-Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX) project;high-energy-density laboratory plasma science enabled by the Matter in Extreme Conditions instrument of the Linac
Coherent Light Source (LCLS); and National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade (NSTX-U) at Princeton Plasma Physics
Laboratory. ITER funding focuses on the highest-priority First Plasma hardware components, including the central
solenoid superconducting magnet modules.

•$768M for High Energy Physics (HEP), $212M below 2019 Enacted, supports research to understand how the universe
works at its most fundamental level by discovering the most elementary constituents of matter and energy, probing theinteractions among them, and exploring the basic nature of space and time. The Request supports LBNF/DUNE, the HighLuminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LC) Accelerator and Detector Upgrade projects at CERN, and the Muon toElectron Conversion Experiment project. The request also funds QIS research and Artificial Intelligence.

•$625M for Nuclear Physics, $65M below the FY 2019 Enacted level, supports research to discover, explore, andunderstand all forms of nuclear matter. The Request funds Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) operation, the CEBAF,
and isotope production facilities. The Request also funds FRIB construction and several Major Items of Equipment.

•$20M for Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists (WDTS), $3.0M below the FY 2019 Enacted level, ensures that
DOE has the sustained pipeline of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workers to meet national goals
and objectives, now and in the future. The Request funds programs that place highly qualified applicants in authentic STEM
learning and training opportunities at DOE laboratories, as well as supports the National Science Bowl® competition.

•$164M for Science Laboratories Infrastructure (SLI), $69.3M below the FY 2019 Enacted level, sustains mission-readyinfrastructure and safe and environmentally responsible operations by providing the infrastructure necessary to support
leading edge research by the SC national laboratories. The Request funds five new construction projects: the Critical Utilities
Rehabilitation Project at BNL; the Seismic and Safety Modernization at LBNL; the CEBAF Renovation and Expansion at TJNAF;
the Craft Resources Support Facility at ORNL; and the Large Scale Collaboration Center at SLAC and continues funding ofongoing construction projects.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
The Budget Request includes $6.5B for Environmental Management, $706M below the FY 2019 Enacted, to continue
managing the cleanup resulting from six decades of nuclear weapons development and production and Governmentsponsored nuclear energy research. It involves some of the most dangerous materials known to mankind. This request willclean up of millions of gallons of liquid radioactive waste and thousands of tons of spent (used) nuclear fuel and nuclear
materials. It will dispose of large volumes of transuranic and mixed/low-level waste, huge quantities of contaminated soil
and water, and deactivate and decommission thousands of excess facilities. To date, EM has completed cleanup activities at
91 sites in 30 states and in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. EM is responsible for clean up at 16 remaining sites in 11
states.

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FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

Highlights include:•$1.6B, $91M above the FY 2019 Enacted, to provide
general ramp up of the Liquid Waste Program in
preparation for initiation of radioactive operations of
the Salt Waste Processing Facility. Much work will be
executed in support of regulatory commitments with
the State of South Carolina. The Request supports
continuing Saltstone Disposal Unit #7 cell
construction; completing design and initiating
construction of Saltstone Disposal Units #8 and #9;
and initiating design of Saltstone Disposal Units 10-12.
The Request also includes funding of $50M for thedesign and construction of the Advanced
Manufacturing Collaborative Facility.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTDOE Cleanup Sites and Program•
Savannah River•
River Protection•
Richland/Hanford•
Oak Ridge•
Portsmouth•
Carlsbad/Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)
•
Idaho
•
Program Direction•
Paducah•Los Alamos•
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory•
West Valley Demonstration Project•
Nevada•Moab
•Uranium Thorium Reimbursements•
Energy Technology Engineering Center•
Separation Process Research Unit (SPRU)•
Headquarters Operations•
Other Sites•
Sandia National Laboratory•
Offsets
Environmental Management Total

FY20 ($M)
1,642
1,392
718
429
426
398
348
279
277
195
130
78
61
36
21
18
15
13
5
3
-16
6,469

•

$1.4B, $181M below the FY 2019 Enacted, for the Officeof River Protection, to safely manage and treat
approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive liquidand chemical waste currently stored in 177 undergroundstorage tanks at Hanford, 18 of which have completed
waste retrieval and are transitioning to closure,including continued construction, startup andcommissioning activities at the Waste Treatment andImmobilization Plant’s Low-Activity Waste Facility,
Balance of Facilities, Effluent Management Facility andAnalytical Laboratory. These facilities are integral to
begin treating Hanford low-activity tank waste by December 2023 as required by the 2016 Amended Consent Decree.

•$718M, $236M below FY 2019 Enacted, for continued achievement of important progress required by the Tri-Party
Agreement for cleanup activities other than tank waste managed by the Office of River Protection. The Request will
maintain safe operations, provide Hanford site-wide services, continue groundwater remediation, operate waste
management facilities, support the project for dry storage of the cesium and strontium capsules, and start up
preparation activities for the Integrated Disposal Facility to support Direct Feed Low Activity Waste commissioning andstartup, and continue remediation of the highly contaminated waste site under the 324 Building.

•$429M, $217M below the FY 2019 Enacted, for cleanup activities at the Oak Ridge site, including support for theongoing cleanup effort at the East Tennessee Technology Park, continued investment in mercury characterization
and remediation technologies, and continued planning for construction of the Outfall 200 Mercury Treatment
Facility at the Y-12 National Security Complex.

•$426M, $50M below the FY 2019 Enacted, for the decontamination and decommissioning of the Portsmouth Gaseous
Diffusion Plant facilities, including construction of the On-site Waste Disposal Facility #1 and design and construction of theOn-site Waste Disposal Facility #2.

•$398M, $5M below the FY 2019 Enacted, to safely continue waste emplacement at the Waste Isolation Pilot
Plant (WIPP), the Nation’s only mined geologic repository for permanent disposal of defense-generated
transuranic waste, including $93M for continued progress on ventilation system and utility shaft projects toincrease underground airflow for simultaneous mining and waste emplacement operations.

•$348M, $96M below the FY 2019 Enacted, to continue clean up at the Idaho site. The Request completes the buried
waste retrieval activities under the Accelerated Retrieval Project and initiates the decontamination anddecommissioning of its structures facilitating the capping of the Subsurface Disposal Area. The Request also supports
initiation of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act closure of the Advanced Mixed Waste Treatment Project allowing
for decontamination, decommissioning and demolition of the treatment facility, continues shipment of contact-handledtransuranic waste to WIPP, continues transfer of spent nuclear fuel elements from wet to dry storage to meet the 2023

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milestone, and supports operation of the Integrated Waste Treatment Unit to process sodium bearing waste.
•$277M, $3M above FY 2019 Enacted, for the Paducah site to continue environmental remediation and further stabilize
the gaseous diffusion plant.

•$195M, $25M below the FY 2019 Enacted, to continue focus on surface and groundwater management at Los Alamos
National Laboratory. The Request also continues the Chromium Plume Control Interim Measure activities to control
migration of a hexavalent chromium plume beneath Montandad and Sandia Canyons and continues the Plume-Center
Characterization activities to develop corrective measures for remediation of the plume.

•$130M, $103M above FY 2019 Enacted, to support the decommissioning and demolition activities of High Risk excess
facilities at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

NATIONAL NUCLEAR SECURITY ADMINISTRATIONThe National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) is responsible for maintaining a safe, secure, and effective nuclear
weapons stockpile; for preventing, countering, and responding to evolving and emerging nuclear proliferation andterrorism threats; for providing safe, reliable and long‐term nuclear propulsion to the Nation’s Navy as it protects Americanand Allied interests around the world; and for supporting the federal workforce that carries out these criticalresponsibilities.
To support these activities, the FY 2020 Budget Request proposes$16.5B for the NNSA, $1.2B over FY 2019 Enacted. The Request
makes necessary investments consistent with the NPR to support
the security and safety of our nation by maintaining a safe, secure,and effective nuclear weapons stockpile; reduce global nuclear
threats; strengthen key science, technology, and engineering
capabilities; design and maintain safe and effective nuclear
propulsion for the U.S. Navy; and modernize the National Security
infrastructure.

NATIONAL NUCLEAR SECURITY ADMINISTRATIONNNSA Programs•
Weapons Activities•
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation•
Naval Reactors•
Federal Salaries and Expenses
NNSA Total

FY20 ($M)
12,409
1,993
1,648
435
16,485Highlights include:•$12.4B for Weapons Activities, $1.3B above FY 2019 Enacted, to maintain the safety, security, and effectiveness ofthe nuclear stockpile, to continue the nuclear modernization program, and to modernize NNSA’s nuclear security
infrastructure portfolio in alignment with the NPR.
o

$2.1B for Life Extension Programs (LEPs), $197M above FY 2019 Enacted, to support the nuclear weapons
program. The FY 2020 Budget Request supports the LEP and Major Alterations (Alt) including the W80‐4 LEP,
the W88 Alt 370, and B61‐12 LEP.

o

$3.2B for Infrastructure and Operations, $121M above FY 2019, to continue the long‐term effort to modernize
NNSA infrastructure, improve working conditions of NNSA’s deteriorating facilities and equipment, andaddress safety and programmatic risks. The Request includes increased funding for the construction of the
Uranium Processing Facility (UPF) project, and the completion of the design and construction of the High
Explosive Science & Engineering Facility. The Request also continues construction of the Chemistry and
Metallurgical Research Replacement (CMRR) project to sustain plutonium science activities.

o$2.3B for Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (RDT&E), $264M above FY 2019 Enacted, to meet thescientific needs of the LEPs and maintain the scientific base, provide engineering support throughout theenterprise, pursue understanding of high-energy density fundamental physics, provide computing support tothe stockpile work, and advance and implement advanced manufacturing and industrial processes. This
includes $309M for activities and research leading to deployment of exascale capability for national security

Budget in Brief

8

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

applications. Within these activities there are two projects: (1) $50M for the Exascale Computing Facility
Modernization (ECFM) project at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and (2) $85.5M for a multiyear non-recurring engineering collaboration to focus on key advanced system engineering efforts andsoftware technologies to turn the 2023 exascale system into a capable and productive computing resource for
the Stockpile Stewardship Program.
•$2.0B for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, $63M above FY 2019 Enacted, to address the entire nuclear threat
spectrum by preventing the acquisition of nuclear weapons or weapons‐usable materials, countering efforts toacquire such weapons or materials, and responding to nuclear or radiological incidents. The Budget Request also
includes $220M to continue the orderly and safe closure of the Mixed Oxide (MOX) Fuel Fabrication Facility project
and $79M for the Surplus Plutonium Disposition (SPD) project to support the dilute and dispose strategy.

•$1.6B for Naval Reactors (NR), a decrease of $140M from the FY 2019 level to continue the support of the current andfuture fleet. 2 The request funds continued research, development and design for the Columbia‐class submarine,
recapitalizing the capability to handle naval spent nuclear fuel, and continued work to ensure the fleet remains the mostadvanced, well‐maintained, and capable nuclear fleet in the world.

ADMINISTRATION AND OVERSIGHT
The Budget Request includes $796M for Other Defense Activities, Departmental Administration, and other supporting
activities and offsets.
Highlights include:•$1B for Other Defense Activities that relate to and support
the defense-oriented activities within the Department.
These include Environment, Health, Safety and Security(EHSS), Enterprise Assessments (EA), Specialized Security
Activities (SSA), Legacy Management (LM), Hearings andAppeals (OHA), and Defense Related Administrative
Support (DRAS). Funding from DRAS is used to offset
administrative expenses for work supporting defenseoriented activities.

ADMINISTRATION AND OVERSIGHT
Administration and Oversight Programs•
Other Defense Activities•
Administration and Oversight•
Savings and Receipts
Administration and Oversight Total

FY20 ($M)
1,035
208
-448
796

$141M within Legacy Management for the return of program management of the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial
Action Program (FUSRAP) from the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to DOE. Consolidating cleanup
programs under a single agency will allow DOE to consider the full range of cleanup responsibilities in prioritizing
work each fiscal year.
•$118M for Departmental Administration (DA) to fund 13 management and mission support organizations thathave enterprise-wide responsibility for administration, accounting, budgeting, contract and project management,
congressional and intergovernmental liaison, energy policy, information management, life-cycle asset
management, legal services, workforce diversity and equal employment opportunity, ombudsman services, small
business advocacy, sustainability, technology transition activities and public affairs.
The DA appropriation also budgets for estimated Strategic Partnership Projects which includes expenses andcollections resulting in a net offset, and receives Miscellaneous Revenues from other sources. Additionally, the DA
offices receive funding from the Other Defense Activities (ODA) appropriation, Defense-Related Administrative
Support (DRAS), which is used to offset expenses that support defense-related administrative activities at DOE.

2

Amounts for FY 2019 do not reflect the transfer of funds from Naval Reactors to the Office of Nuclear Energy for
maintenance and operation of the Advanced Test Reactor.

Budget in Brief

9

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

•$36M for International Affairs (IA) is requested as a separate appropriation and is not included as part of the
Departmental Administrative (DA) account to better reflect its purpose and objectives.

•$54M for Office of the Inspector General to review the integrity, economy, and efficiency of DOE programs andoperations, including the National Nuclear Security Administration and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

•-$448M in Savings and Receipts which includes a -$287M cancellation of ARPA-E unobligated balances, -$16M in net
savings from Fees and Recoveries in Excess of Annual Appropriations, -$15M in receipts from Title XVII Loan Guarantee
Program Section 1703 Negative Credit Subsidy Receipt, and -$130M in receipts from the Sale of the Northeast Gas
Reserve.

Budget in Brief

10

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Budget in Brief

11

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

FUNDING BY APPROPRIATION($K)
FY 2018
EnactedDepartment of Energy Budget by Appropriation
Energy and Water Development, and Related Agencies
Energy Programs
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
Electricity
Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response
Nuclear Energy

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
RequestFY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted$%

2,321,778
261,329001,205,056

2,379,0000
156,000
120,000
1,326,090

343,000
0
182,500
156,500
824,000-2,036,000
0+26,500+36,500-502,090-85.6%
N/A+17.0%+30.4%-37.9%

Fossil Energy Programs
Fossil Energy Research and Development
Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves
Strategic Petroleum Reserve
Strategic Petroleum AccountNortheast Home Heating Oil Reserve
Total, Fossil Energy Programs

726,8174,900
260,716
8,400
6,500
1,007,333

740,000
10,000235,000
10,00010,0001,005,000

562,000
14,000174,000
27,0000
777,000-178,000+4,000-61,000+17,000-10,000-228,000-24.1%+40.0%-26.0%+170.0%-100.0%-22.7%Uranium Enrichment Decontamination and Decommissioning (D&D) Fund
Energy Information Administration
Non-Defense Environmental Cleanup
Science
Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy
Nuclear Waste Disposal (26M in DNWF 050)
Departmental Administration
Indian Energy Policy and Programs
Inspector General
International Affairs
Title 17 - Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program
Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program
Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program
Total, Energy Programs

840,000
125,000
298,400
6,259,903
353,3140
189,652049,000030,8925,000
1,000
12,947,657

841,129
125,000
310,000
6,585,000
366,000
0
165,858
18,00051,3300
13,0005,000
1,000
13,467,407

715,112118,000
247,480
5,545,972-287,000
90,000117,545
8,000
54,215
36,100-160,659
0-8,5008,759,265-126,017-7,000-62,520-1,039,028-653,000+90,000-48,313-10,000+2,885+36,100-173,659-5,000-9,500-4,708,142-15.0%-5.6%-20.2%-15.8%-178.4%
N/A-29.1%-55.6%+5.6%
N/A-1,335.8%-100.0%-950.0%-35.0%

Atomic Energy Defense Activities
National Nuclear Security Administration
Federal Salaries and Expenses
Weapons Activities
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
Naval Reactors
Total, National Nuclear Security Administration

407,595
10,642,138
1,999,219
1,620,000
14,668,952

410,000
11,100,000
1,930,000
1,788,618
15,228,618

434,699
12,408,603
1,993,302
1,648,396
16,485,000+24,699+1,308,603+63,302-140,222+1,256,382+6.0%+11.8%
+3.3%
-7.8%
+8.3%

Environmental and Other Defense Activities
Defense Environmental Cleanup
Other Defense Activities
Defense Nuclear Waste Disposal (90M in 270 Energy)
Total, Environmental and Other Defense Activities
Total, Atomic Energy Defense Activities

5,988,048
840,000
0
6,828,048
21,497,000

6,024,000
860,292
06,884,292
22,112,910

5,506,501
1,035,339
26,0006,567,840
23,052,840-517,499+175,047+26,000-316,452+939,930-8.6%+20.3%
N/A
-4.6%
+4.3%

Power Marketing Administrations
Southeastern Power Administration
Southwestern Power Administration
Western Area Power Administration
Falcon and Amistad Operating and Maintenance Fund
Colorado River Basins Power Marketing Fund
Total, Power Marketing Administrations

0
11,40093,372
228-23,000
82,0000
10,40089,372
228-23,000
77,0000
10,40089,196
228-21,400
78,42400-176
0+1,600+1,424

N/A
N/A
-0.2%
N/A
+7.0%
+1.8%

0

0

0

0

N/A

Subtotal, Energy and Water Development, and Related Agencies

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)

34,526,657

35,657,317

31,890,529-3,766,788-10.6%

Excess Fees and Recoveries, FERC
Title XVII Loan Guarantee Program Section 1703 Negative Credit Subsidy Receipt
Sale of Northeast Gas Reserve
Sale of Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve
Total, Funding by Appropriation-9,000-35,0000034,482,657-16,000-44,0000035,597,317-16,000-15,000-130,000-27,000
31,702,529

0+29,000-130,000-27,000-3,894,788

N/A+65.9%
N/A
N/A-10.9%

Budget in Brief

12

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

FUNDING BY ORGANIZATION
FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted$%

410,000
11,100,000
1,930,000
1,788,618
15,228,618

434,699
12,408,603
1,993,302
1,648,396
16,485,000+24,699+1,308,603+63,302-140,222+1,256,382+6.0%+11.8%
+3.3%
-7.8%
+8.3%

2,321,778
261,3290
82,0000280,516
726,817
1,205,056
0
10,43218,0000
015,192
198,946

2,379,0000
156,000
77,000120,000
265,000
740,000
1,326,090
000
18,0002,510
15,005
202,839

343,000
0
182,500
78,424
156,500
215,000
562,000
824,000
116,000
0
0
8,000
8,000
14,255
212,509-2,036,000
0+26,500+1,424+36,500-50,000-178,000-502,090+116,00000-10,000+5,490-750+9,670-85.6%
N/A+17.0%+1.8%+30.4%-18.9%-24.1%-37.9%
N/A
N/A
N/A-55.6%+218.7%
-5.0%
+4.8%

30,8925,000
1,000
36,892

13,0005,000
1,000
19,000-160,659
0-8,500-169,159-173,659-5,000-9,500-188,159-1,335.8%-100.0%-950.0%-990.3%

Other Energy Programs
Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy
Energy Information Administration
Total, Under Secretary for Energy

353,314125,000
5,635,272

366,000
125,000
5,811,444-287,000
118,000
2,382,029-653,000-7,000-3,429,415-178.4%-5.6%-59.0%

Under Secretary for Science
Science
Environmental Management
Office of Legacy Management
Office of Technology Transitions
Total, Under Secretary for Science

6,259,903
7,126,448
154,606
6,876
13,547,833

6,585,000
7,175,129
158,877
8,505
13,927,511

5,545,972
6,469,093
303,029
9,080
12,327,174-1,039,028-706,036+144,152+575-1,600,337-15.8%-9.8%+90.7%+6.8%-11.5%

126,274
54,74525,513
10,1695,300
48,4846,200
6,589
33,00018,8783,000-56,000
282,152

131,624
55,385
26,125
10,1695,395
48,912
4,200
6,594
33,07522,8783,170-56,000
291,527

124,554
54,35824,3169,494
5,119
52,0005,895
6,260
33,0750
3,609-53,378
265,302-7,070-1,027-1,809-675-276+3,088+1,695-334
0-22,878+439+2,622-26,225

-5.4%
-1.9%
-6.9%
-6.6%
-5.1%
+6.3%
+40.4%-5.1%
N/A-100.0%+13.8%+4.7%-9.0%

74,931
262,912
5,605
343,448

76,770266,378
3,739
346,887

81,279254,578
4,852
340,709+4,509-11,800+1,113-6,178+5.9%-4.4%+29.8%-1.8%

49,0000674,600

51,3300689,744

54,215
36,100696,326+2,885+36,100+6,582

+5.6%
N/A
+1.0%

-9,000-35,0000034,482,657-16,000-44,0000035,597,317-16,000-15,000-130,000-27,000
31,702,529

0+29,000-130,000-27,000-3,894,788

N/A+65.9%
N/A
N/A-10.9%

Under Secretary for Energy
Energy Programs
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
Office of Electricity
Power Marketing Administrations
Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response
Petroleum Reserves
Fossil Energy Research and Development
Nuclear Energy
Yucca Mountain and Interim Storage
Energy Policy and Systems Analysis
Office of Indian Energy
Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs
Office of Policy
Project Management Oversight Assessment
Environment, Health, Safety and Security Mission Support
Credit Programs
Title 17 - Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program
Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program
Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program
Total, Credit Programs

Other Department Offices
Departmental Administration (Direct Reports)
Chief Information Officer
Management
Chief Human Capital Officer
Economic Impact and Diversity
Office of the Secretary
Chief Financial Officer
Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs
Public Affairs
General Counsel
International Affairs
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization
Strategic Partnership Projects and Revenues
Total, Departmental Administration
Other Defense Activities (Direct Reports)
Office of Enterprise Assessments
Specialized Security Activities
Hearings and Appeals
Total, Other Defense Activities
Inspector General
International Affairs
Total, Other Department Offices
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Title XVII Loan Guarantee Program Section 1703 Negative Credit Subsidy Receipt
Sale of Northeast Gas Reserve
Sale of Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve
Total, Funding by Organization

Budget in Brief

13

FY 2019
Enacted407,595
10,642,138
1,999,219
1,620,000
14,668,952($K)

FY 2020
RequestDepartment of Energy Budget by Organization
Under Secretary for Nuclear Security and National Nuclear Security Administration
National Nuclear Security Administration
Federal Salaries and Expenses
Weapons Activities
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
Naval Reactors
Total, Under Secretary for Nuclear Security and National Nuclear Security

FY 2018
EnactedFY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGYFY 2018
EnactedEnergy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Sustainable Transportation
Vehicle Technologies
Bioenergy Technologies
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies
Total, Sustainable Transportation
Renewable Energy
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Water Power
Geothermal Technologies
Total, Renewable Energy
Energy Efficiency
Advanced Manufacturing
Federal Energy Management Program
Building Technologies
Weatherization and Intergovernmental Programs
Weatherization Assistance Program
Training and Technical AssistanceState Energy Program
Total, Weatherization and Intergovernmental Programs
Total, Energy Efficiency
Corporate Support Programs
Facilities and Infrastructure (NREL)
Program Direction
Strategic Programs
Total, Corporate Support Programs
Subtotal, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Use of Prior Year Balances
Total, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

FY 2019
Enacted($K)
FY 2020
RequestFY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$

337,500
221,545
115,000
674,045

344,000
226,000
120,000
690,000

73,40040,00044,000157,400-270,600-186,000-76,000-532,600-78.7%-82.3%-63.3%-77.2%

241,600
92,000105,000
80,906
519,506

246,500
92,000105,000
84,000527,500

67,00023,70045,00028,000163,700-179,500-68,300-60,000-56,000-363,800-72.8%-74.2%-57.1%-66.7%-69.0%

305,000
27,000220,727

320,000
30,000226,000

80,5008,400
57,000-239,500-21,600-169,000-74.8%-72.0%-74.8%

248,000
3,000
55,000306,000
858,727

254,000
3,000
55,000312,000
888,0000000145,900-254,000-3,000-55,000-312,000-742,100-100.0%-100.0%-100.0%-100.0%-83.6%

92,000
162,500
15,000269,500
2,321,778
02,321,778

97,000
162,500
14,000273,500
2,379,000
02,379,000

107,000
122,0000229,000
696,000-353,000
343,000+10,000 +10.3%-40,500 -24.9%-14,000 -100.0%-44,500 -16.3%-1,683,000 -70.7%-353,000
N/A-2,036,000 -85.6%

Appropriation Overview
The Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) invests in research and development (R&D) as part of the
Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) broad portfolio approach to addressing our Nation’s energy and environmental challenges.
The Budget focuses DOE resources toward early-stage R&D, where the Federal role is strongest, and reflects an increased
reliance on the private sector to fund later-stage research, development, and commercialization of energy technologies. Itemphasizes energy technologies best positioned to support American energy independence and domestic job-growth in thenear to mid-term, while maintaining proper stewardship of taxpayer dollars. The budget also focuses on conducting
research that can facilitate streamlining of siting and permitting of EERE-related technology deployment. The FY 2020
Budget provides $696 million to maintain America’s leadership in transformative science and emerging energy technologies
in sustainable transportation, renewable power, and energy efficiency.
EERE programs will focus on research activities, which industry does not have the technical capability to undertake, or
which are too far from market realization to merit sufficient industry focus and critical mass. Knowledge generated by EERE
early-stage R&D supports U.S. industries, businesses, and entrepreneurs as they develop and deploy innovative energy
technologies, and increases the competitive edge needed to excel in the rapidly changing global energy economy. Industry
deployment of these technologies creates jobs, reduces U.S. reliance on foreign resources, increases energy affordability,

Budget in Brief

14

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justificationimproves energy security, supports environmental stewardship, and offers Americans a broader range of energy choices.
The shift away from later-stage development and deployment activities and the increased focus on early-stage R&D provide
an opportunity to move toward a more efficient organizational structure. In keeping with the direction to generate
efficiencies and reduce the cost of government, and in alignment with reductions in technology program budgets, DOE will
reduce EERE Full-Time Equivalents by approximately 26 percent from the planned FY 2019 level. The specific reduction will
be adjusted as needed, dependent on the timing of appropriations, in order to fully account for associated severance
payments. Remaining staff will ensure continuity of the essential oversight activities for EERE’s project portfolio andmaintain proper stewardship of taxpayer dollars.
EERE’s budget request includes $105M for the Advanced Energy Storage Initiative, which takes a holistic approach toenergy storage. The Initiative is focused on developing technologies to create more flexible generation, and to increase thereliability and resilience of the U.S. electric grid.
Built on and incorporating the EERE FY19 Beyond Batteries Initiative, the Advanced Energy Storage Initiative will drive
improvements in bi-directional electrical energy storage and other technologies to increase the flexibility of energy supply
and demand.
The Initiative will be coordinated across the Department, including the Offices of Electricity (OE), Fossil Energy (FE), andNuclear Energy (NE). Existing EERE, OE, FE, and NE activities create a foundation, including batteries, pumped storage,
controllable loads, distributed energy resource management, microgrids, power system planning and operations, hybrid
systems, power plant dispatchability, and others.
On this foundation, the Advanced Energy Storage Initiative will build an integrated DOE R&D strategy and establish
aggressive, achievable, and comparable goals for cost-competitive energy storage services and applications.
EERE’s budget request also includes an expansion of the diverse capabilities of the National Wind Technology Center(NWTC) campus at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The mission of the NWTC will expand to support a fully
integrated, large-scale experimental research platform, which includes building an Enhanced Grid/Energy Systems Control
Center and a High-Speed Data Link that connects the NWTC campus to the Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) at
NREL’s main campus and to other National Laboratories. As part of the expansion of the NWTC, funding also supports a
Beyond Megawatt Scale Extreme Fast Charging Station to research, integrate, and evaluate fast charging station impacts on
the grid. These investments support research for DOE’s Grid Modernization Initiative, which includes reliably integrating an
increasing amount of variable generation into the electric grid. These expanded capabilities will allow DOE to test a suite oftechnologies supported under the Advanced Energy Storage Initiative and leverage the NWTC’s future power capacity of
19.9MW with the capabilities of the ESIF.
Program Highlights
Sustainable Transportation• Vehicle Technologies
FY 2020 funding supports early-stage research needed for more affordable, secure, and reliable transportation ofpeople and goods across America. The program will explore new battery materials and cell technologies that reduce
America's dependence on foreign sources of critical materials, improve high-power, fast-charging methods, anddevelop innovative chemistries beyond lithium ion technology. This work supports the Department’s Advanced Energy
Storage Initiative and has the potential to reduce electric vehicle battery cost by more than half, to less than$100/kWh, increase range to 300 miles, and decrease charge time to 15 minutes or less. FY 2020 research will focus on
pathways to expand mobility options and improve the affordability of the transportation system, leading to greater
energy productivity in moving people and goods. This work will include the application of new computational models
and simulation capabilities to create and test new theories that use vehicle connectivity and automation to improveenergy efficiency including vehicle autonomy, big data tools, machine/deep-learning, and artificial intelligence andincrease transportation choices at both the individual and system level. FY 2020 funds will also support advanced
combustion and fuels research to increase engine efficiency and improve passenger vehicle fuel economy by 35
percent by 2030, from a 2015 baseline of 36 miles per gallon. Work will include natural gas engine efficiency and fuelstorage capacity research. The FY2020 request also supports research of novel approaches to building lightweight,

Budget in Brief

15

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justificationmulti-material structures and research of new, high-performance materials needed for the next generation of highefficiency vehicle engines.
•

Bioenergy Technologies
FY 2020 funding supports early-stage R&D that bolsters the body of knowledge to support industry efforts to develop
and deploy high-performing drop-in biofuels at $3 per gallon gasoline equivalent, which includes high-value coproduction of renewable chemicals and materials. Domestically-produced renewable biomass, together with waste
streams such as municipal solid waste, and their subsequent conversion to bioenergy and co-products, offers an
opportunity to create American jobs across the supply chain, boost economic growth, and encourage investment
across the Nation while reducing U.S. exposure to foreign oil imports. The program’s early-stage, laboratory-based R&D
emphasizes advanced technologies to produce renewable-gasoline, -diesel, and -jet fuels from non-food sources.
Consortium-supported research focus areas include: (1) detailed understanding and optimization of the physics andchemistry of feedstocks and preprocessing steps necessary for high conversion rates; (2) biological development andmolecular characterization of high performing algal strains; and (3) development of engineered organisms and novel
catalysts to drive conversion efficiency. In collaboration with the Vehicle Technologies Program, Bioenergy will explore
the co-optimization of fuels and engines to evaluate the most promising biofuel candidates to support fuel economy,
emissions reduction, and efficiency targets for advanced compression ignition engines.

•

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies
FY 2020 funding supports early-stage R&D to investigate novel hydrogen and fuel cell technologies to support Americanenergy independence and domestic job growth through industry development and deployment. To be cost competitive
with gasoline-powered internal combustion engines on a cents-per-mile driven basis, the cost of hydrogen deliveredfrom domestic resources needs to be less than $4/gge (untaxed), and the cost of a durable fuel cell system needs to beless than $40/kW. In FY 2020, research will emphasize the acceleration of material breakthroughs by National
Laboratory consortia that bring together world-class capabilities from multiple laboratories, while leveraging theresults of ongoing projects with university and industry partners. Key areas of research include: high performance
durable catalysts, membranes and electrodes; materials for hydrogen production, storage, and transmission; andunderstanding systems integration and infrastructure necessary to accomplish H2@Scale ― a vision of costcompetitive, domestically sourced and produced hydrogen for use across multiple sectors.

Renewable Power• Solar Energy
FY 2020 funding supports the DOE in improving the affordability, reliability, and performance of solar technologies on
the grid. Funding will support early-stage R&D at the National Laboratories, in partnership with academia and industry,
with a focus on increasing the reliability and decreasing the cost of next-generation photovoltaics and concentrating
solar power technologies toward 2030 cost targets of $0.03/kWh and $0.05/kWh, respectively. In addition, theprogram will support the Advanced Energy Storage Initiative and advance the state of knowledge necessary forindustry to more effectively integrate solar into the electric grid, improving solar energy’s ability to contribute to gridreliability, resilience, and security. Key areas of research include: PV efficiency and energy yield, next generation
concentrating solar power, energy storage integration, material durability, power electronics, microgrid integration,and resilience. Funding will also support analytics and modeling of power system integrity and potential cybersecurity
issues related to integrating increasing amounts of solar power on the electric grid. The program will also support an
additional round of the American-Made Solar Prize to increase U.S. competitiveness in solar energy manufacturing.
•

Wind Energy
FY 2020 funding emphasizes fundamental, early-stage R&D, and related testing that builds the knowledge base uponwhich industry can develop and deploy novel technologies. FY 2020 activities will focus on improving the performanceand reliability of next-generation wind plants by applying high-performance computing to investigate systems-levelinteractions influenced by atmospheric conditions, variable terrain, and machine-to-machine wake interactions foroffshore, land-based, and distributed wind applications. Continuing R&D will focus on controls, sensors, algorithms,
materials, and manufacturing to lower wind energy costs and improve operational performance. Fundamental R&D will
target U.S.-specific offshore wind technology barriers, including advanced substructure technology, reduction of
installation costs and risks, technology to reduce on-site O&M, and design standards development for the extreme

Budget in Brief

16

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

marine conditions unique to U.S. waters. Funding will continue to advance R&D and manufacturing improvements that
directly reduce distributed wind LCOE and maximize the value and resiliency of microgrids utilizing wind energy.
Funding will address wind/radar challenges; develop technical solutions to reduce environmental compliance costs,
and support development of a robust domestic wind energy workforce. Funding for the National Wind Technology
Center will be moved to Facilities and Infrastructure, consistent with the expanded scope of activities noted above.
•

Water PowerFY 2020 funding supports early-stage R&D exploring novel concepts and approaches to capturing hydropower andmarine hydrokinetic energy resources. The program invests in hydropower technology R&D for innovative standardized
and modular approaches to hydropower development that can lower overall project costs versus traditional projects atgreenfield sites and non-powered dams. The program supports the Advanced Energy Storage Initiative and continues
its focus on hydropower and PSH’s roles in grid reliability and resiliency by continuing to support innovative PSH
technologies and conducting new research to evaluate and improve the flexibility and grid services provided byhydropower and/or PSH. It will also support the development of innovative environmental mitigation technologies andnew research to inform licensing studies and requirements facilitating reduced time, cost, and uncertainty inhydropower licensing. In marine and hydrokinetics (MHK), the program will support R&D to improve controls andpower take-offs for early-stage wave, tidal, and ocean current technologies, ultimately leading to reduced costs andincreased competitiveness of marine energy devices. Through its partnerships with the Navy and with universityNational Laboratory collaborations, the program will validate reliability of marine energy technologies and the value of
integrating energy from prototype devices into the electric grid. Monitoring of open water tests and continued analysis
and dissemination of the results of new research is also supported to reduce perceived environmental risk and the timeassociated with device permitting.

•

Geothermal Technologies
FY 2020 funding supports Geothermal Technologies’ early-stage R&D. Within Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), theprogram will continue implementation of the Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) toadvance Phase 3 field operations at the FORGE site through the end of FY 2024. Prior to testing in the high-value main
injection production pair sites at the FORGE, in FY 2020 the EGS subprogram will identify “Wells of Opportunity” andconduct high-risk tests of wellbore stimulation, zonal isolation, and subsurface interrogation technologies in available
unused geothermal wells across the U.S. The Hydrothermal subprogram will continue to conduct subsurface R&D in FY
2020 with a focus on exploration topics, starting with research in subsurface imaging, particularly for current and preexisting subsurface volcanic terrain. The program contributes to the Advanced Energy Storage Initiative throughresearch on more flexible geothermal systems. The program will issue a funding opportunity to continue Reservoir
Thermal Energy Storage R&D including deep direct use (DDU) engineering, design and systems research that may also
include innovative ground source heating and cooling applications. Additionally, the program will partner with the U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct a national-scale comparative analysis to develop quantitative models for preassessment of Reservoir Thermal Energy Storage. Combined efforts will strengthen the body of knowledge necessary tosupport industry efforts to achieve a cost target of 20.8 cents/kWh by 2022 for newly developed Enhanced Geothermal
Systems, and support enhanced grid reliability and resiliency through geothermal power to be operated flexibly andprovide essential grid reliability service energy contributions.

Energy Efficiency• Advanced Manufacturing
FY 2020 funding supports early-stage applied R&D focused on advancing and creating new understanding ofunderlying technologies, materials, and processes relevant to the productive use of energy in manufacturing, as
well as the competitive manufacturing of energy-related products. The budget includes funding for the Harsh
Environment Materials Initiative, a new cross-cutting activity with the Offices of Fossil Energy and Nuclear energy
to exploit synergies in materials and component manufacturing research for thermoelectric power plants.
Specifically, the coordinated effort will align research on novel materials, such as for harsh and high temperatureenvironments, integrated sensors, and manufacturing technologies. By fostering collaboration between National
Laboratories, universities, and companies (for-profit and not-for-profit), this Budget Request will enhance thefoundational knowledge base in materials and manufacturing processes, focusing on research challenges that

Budget in Brief

17

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justificationpresent a significant degree of scientific or technical uncertainty and are beyond the horizon in terms ofcommercialization, making it unlikely that industry will pursue independently.
•

Federal Energy Management Program
FY 2020 funding supports Federal Energy Management Program’s core activities of tracking agencies’ energy
management performance and resources for facility optimization and resilient, secure portfolio planning that leverages
performance contracting. FY 2020 funds will support maintained resources for energy projects and energy savings,
including best practices for measurement and verification, through the provision of technical assistance, energy-related
contracting tools and skills training.

•

Building Technologies
FY 2020 funding supports early-stage R&D of innovative building energy technologies such as lighting, spaceconditioning, refrigeration, windows, and envelope and their effective integration into smart, efficient, resilient, gridinteractive, and secure building systems. In support of the Advanced Energy Storage Initiative, particular focus will beplaced on building system interaction with the grid in terms of controllable loads and thermal energy storage
technologies. The goal of the Buildings program is to overcome the high degree of fragmentation across the diverse
buildings industry, spanning construction to appliance and equipment manufacturing. Building Technologies’ researchalso focuses on developing the physics-based algorithms for improved energy modeling and system controls required
to better predict and manage energy efficient appliance/equipment, system, and whole-building energy usage.
Additionally, Building Technologies’ early stage R&D on cybersecure advanced sensors and controls will help strengthen
the body of knowledge to support industry efforts to develop and deploy “smart” buildings capable of interacting withthe power grid securely, in new and increasingly adaptive manners, to help with overall electric system efficiency andresilience. Finally, the program supports DOE working with industry and stakeholders to meet requirements forstatutorily-mandated efficiency standards and building energy codes determinations.

•

Weatherization and Intergovernmental Programs
No funding is requested in FY 2020 for the Weatherization Assistance Program or the State Energy Program due to a
departmental shift in focus away from deployment activities and towards early-stage R&D. Activities in FY 2020 will
focus on completing work activities associated with existing financial and technical assistance awards and initiatives
with states and local governments and stakeholder organizations, closing out awards and agreements as they come tothe end of their periods of performance, and providing resources and institutional knowledge to state and local entities
as practicable.

Corporate Support• Facilities and Infrastructure (F&I) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory
FY 2020 funding focuses on sustaining NREL’s world-class R&D environment by maintaining and, where necessary,
upgrading its equipment and facilities. NREL facilities are under increasing demand by government and industry R&D
activities. This request supports the third year of a four-year refresh/upgrade of the High Performance Computer (HPC)
at the ESIF. Simulations conducted on the HPC have led to significant advances in transforming energy technologies.
However, demand for computing from R&D efforts has saturated the current HPC capabilities. In FY 2018, HPC cycle
demand was double current capacity resulting in rationing. The improved capacity provided by the refresh/upgrade
enables the HPC to continue to provide enhanced computational capability for increasingly complex, specific energy
technology issues across the portfolio of research topics that EERE programs address. EERE’s budget request also
includes expansion of the diverse capabilities of the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) campus at the National
Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Budget in Brief

18

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

ELECTRICITYElectricity
Transmission Reliability and Resilience
Resilient Distribution Systems
Energy Storage
Transformer Resilience and Advanced Components
Transmission Permitting and Technical Assistance
Supplemental Hurricane Funding2
Program Direction
Total, Electricity

FY 2018
Enacted1

FY 2019
Enacted($K)
FY 2020
Request39,00038,00041,0007,000
7,000
10,10017,000159,100

39,00040,00046,000
7,000
7,000
0
17,000156,000

70,50027,90048,500
9,000
7,000
0
19,600
182,500

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$+31,500-12,100+2,500+2,00000+2,600+26,500+80.8%-30.3%+5.4%+28.6%
N/A
N/A+15.3%+17.0%

1

The FY 2019 a ppropri a ti on s pl i t the El ectri ci ty Del i very a nd Energy Rel i a bi l i ty a ppropri a ti on i nto two a ppropri a ti ons :El ectri ci ty Del i very a nd Cybers ecuri ty, Energy Securi ty, a nd Emergency Res pons e (CESER). To a l l ow a compa ri s on wi th FY 2019a nd 2020, the compa ra bl e a mounts for FY 2018 excl ude a mounts for the Cybers ecuri ty for Energy Del i very Sys tems a nd
Infra s tructure Securi ty a nd Energy Res tora ti on progra ms , a nd a porti on of Progra m Di recti on fundi ng, equi va l ent to wha t
woul d ha ve been i n CESER ha d the current s tructure been i n pl a ce i n FY 2018.

2

P.L. 115–123, Di vi s i on B, Subdi vi s i on 1, the Further Addi ti ona l Suppl ementa l Appropri a ti ons Act for Di s a s ter Rel i ef
Requi rements Act, 2018, provi ded a ddi ti ona l fundi ng for expens es rel a ted to the cons equences of Hurri ca nes Ha rvey, Irma ,a nd Ma ri a a s a n emergency requi rement purs ua nt to the Ba l a nced Budget a nd Emergency Defi ci t Control Act of 1985.

Appropriation Overview
The Office of Electricity (OE) leads the Department’s efforts to strengthen, transform, and improve energy infrastructure sothat consumers have access to secure and resilient sources of energy. OE provides solutions to market, institutional, andoperational failures that go beyond any one utility’s ability to solve. a To accomplish this critical mission, OE works withprivate industry and Federal, State, tribal, territorial, and regional governments on a variety of initiatives to modernize theelectric grid.
Grid modernization is critical to achieving public policy objectives, sustaining economic growth, supporting environmental
stewardship, and mitigating risks for the Nation. The goal for the future grid is to deliver reliable, affordable, and clean
electricity to consumers where, when, and how needed.
Within the next decade, proactive, coordinated, and innovative steps are needed to address four critical challenges:•

Increasing threats and risks to the security of energy infrastructure•

Changes in demand driven by population growth, adoption of more energy efficient technologies, dynamic economic
conditions, and broader electrification•

Changes in the supply mix and location (centralized, distributed, and off-shore) of the Nation’s generation portfolio•

Increasing variability and uncertainty from both supply and demand, including integration of variable renewables, more
active consumer participation, and accommodating new technologies and techniques

Due to the critical role the electric grid plays across Federal, State, tribal, territorial, and regional jurisdictions, OE programs
work in an integrated manner in partnership with industry and other stakeholders, as well as other DOE offices, to enhanceaExamples include wide-area visibility, identified from the 2003 Northeast blackout, and faster modeling and analysis,
identified in the 2011 Southwest blackout.
Budget in Brief
19
FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

the resilience, security, reliability, flexibility, affordability, and efficiency of the U.S. electric transmission and distribution
systems.
Timely action is needed to perform the research and development that facilitates industry in deploying a reliable electric
power grid that supports the vitality of other critical sectors that depend on electricity, such as telecommunications,banking and finance, water, and public health and safety. A reliable and resilient power grid is critical to U.S. economic
competitiveness and leadership.
The investment proposed for FY 2020 continues to support OE’s mission of security and resilience through four key
priorities:•

North American Energy Resiliency Model: Working with the national labs and relevant stakeholders, develop an
integrated North American Energy Resiliency Model (NAERM) to conduct planning and contingency analysis to address
vulnerabilities in the North American energy system•

Megawatt Scale Grid Storage: pursue megawatt-scale storage capable of supporting voltage and frequency regulation,
ramping, and energy management for bulk and distribution power systems—OE’s Energy Storage program request
supports grid-related Advanced Energy Storage Initiative (AESI) objectives and other OE R&D efforts are also
complementary to AESI goals•

Revolutionize Sensing Technology Utilization: pursue integration of high-fidelity, low-cost sensing technology forpredictive and correlation modeling for electricity and interdependencies with oil and natural gas (ONG) systems•

Transmission: pursue electricity-related policy issues by carrying out statutory and executive requirements, while also
providing policy design and analysis expertise to Federal, State, tribal, territorial, and regional entities

NAERM will provide unique and ground-breaking national-scale energy planning and real-time situational awarenesscapabilities for rigorous and quantitative assessment, prediction, and improvement to ensure reliable and resilient energy
delivery across multiple sectors while considering a range of large-scale, emerging threats. b DOE will lead this initiative inorder to ensure a sustained and controlled analytic capability supporting its critical infrastructure protection responsibilities
for energy sector under Presidential Policy Directive 21 (Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience) and the FAST Act(Public Law 114–94).
The United States is increasingly experiencing threats, natural and man-made. The need to proactively plan and prepare for
events that threaten this Nation’s well-being and security necessitates an ambitious span of scope. NAERM will enableprediction of threat impacts, evaluation and identification of effective mitigation strategies, and black-start planning,
benefiting the United States by advancing energy and economic security. NAERM will be developed in phases to address
long-term energy planning with offline data, energy planning and operational studies with real-time data streams, nationallevel situational awareness with real-time data streams for both infrastructure and threats, and then advanced analytic anddecision support capabilities to anticipate threats and mitigate their impacts in real-time. By the end of the final phase,
NAERM will be a first-of-its-kind capability providing an operational situational awareness tool capable of monitoring thepower system, predicting potential threat consequences, and mitigating those consequences to provide capabilities tooperate-through adverse events.
Major power system outages are often caused in part by a lack of adequate situational awareness of grid conditions. To
address this problem, and to provide utilities with new tools and critical information to mitigate and respond to potential
issues and threats, high-fidelity, fast acting sensor technologies will be developed and integrated into the electric powersystem. Along with advances in data analytics, these sensor technologies will enable greater speed, accuracy, and precisionin determining the state of the power system. This will meet needs for managing grid assets and operations with theirb

Resilient systems (versus reliable) anticipate, withstand, and recover critical loss-of-supply resulting from low-probability,
high-impact threats. Threats include, for example, natural disasters, coordinated cyber-physical attacks, and electromagnetic
pulses due to nuclear detonation.
Budget in Brief20
FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

increased complexity, as well as monitoring and managing interconnected and interdependent effects among the Nation’s
critical infrastructures—all under increasing levels of threat conditions.
Program Highlights• Transmission Reliability and Resilience is focused on ensuring the reliability and resilience of the U.S. electric gridthrough early-stage and foundational R&D on measurement and control of the electricity system and risk assessment toaddress challenges across integrated energy systems. A critical aspect of the request is beginning the full developmentof a dynamic integrated NAERM to allow the United States to conduct planning and contingency analyses that address
vulnerabilities in the North American energy system. Building on lessons learned from the FY 2018 Puerto Rico work ofcreating a near-real-time model and efforts seeded in FY 2019, the FY 2020 request supports assessment of crossinfrastructure interdependencies and contingencies in the North American energy system. A Sensors and Data Analytics
activity is also proposed to be established to develop and integrate high-fidelity, fast-acting sensing technologies, andadvanced data analytics, to revolutionize their use in electric transmission systems for improved diagnosis, prediction,and determination of action during normal and extreme-event conditions.
•

Resilient Distribution Systems focuses on the development of innovative technologies, tools, and techniques tomodernize the distribution portion of the electric delivery system. The reduction from the FY 2019 appropriation is dueto two activities that were fully funded in FY 2019: sensing intelligent machines and advanced low-cost distribution
sensors.

•

Energy Storage is designed to develop new and advanced technologies that will ensure the stability, reliability, andresilience of electricity infrastructure. The request supports the development of advanced power electronicarchitectures and topologies to address stranded energy, improve battery failure diagnostics, and integrated highly
accurate state-of-charge and state-of-health monitoring of energy storage systems. The request also supports designand construction planning for an OE Grid Storage Launchpad (GSL) project aimed at accelerating materials
development, testing, and independent evaluation of battery materials and battery systems for grid applications.

•

Transformer Resilience and Advanced Components supports modernization, hardening, and resilience of the grid byaddressing the unique challenges facing transformers and other critical grid components responsible for carrying andcontrolling electricity from where it is generated to where it is needed. The request builds on material research anddesign innovations for next-generation grid hardware, moving towards prototypes for technologies and concepts
related to solid-state power substations and advance conductors.

•

Transmission Permitting and Technical Assistance promotes a secure and resilient electricity system through regulatory
and policy solutions. TPTA evaluates existing laws, policies, and regulations to better understand the regulatory
landscapes, and provides technical assistance to Federal, State, tribal, territorial, and regional entities in their efforts toaddress the changing dynamics and uncertainties in the energy environment. TPTA also implements a number of legal
authorities and seeks to improve transmission infrastructure by facilitating better coordination between Federal
agencies for transmission lines that require multiple Federal authorizations and by permitting transmission facilities
crossing the U.S international border. In FY 2020, TPTA will provide grid resilience tools and analyses to support Stateand regional decision-makers and institutional support for resilience infrastructure investments.

Budget in Brief

21

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATIONSFY 2018
EnactedFY 2019
Enacted($K)
FY 2020
RequestFY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$

Power Marketing Administrations
Southeastern Power Administration
Southeastern Power Administration
Less Alternative Financing/Offsetting Collections
Total, Southeastern Power Administration

72,449-72,449
075,324-75,324087,016-87,016
0+11,692-11,6920+15.5%-15.5%
N/A

Southwestern Power Administration
Southwestern Power Administration
Less Alternative Financing/Offsetting Collections
Use of Prior Year Balances
Total, Southwestern Power Administration

112,947-87,347-14,200
11,400126,876-116,476
010,400156,863-146,463
010,400+29,987-29,98700+23.6%-25.7%
N/A
N/A

Western Area Power Administration
Western Area Power Administration (CROM)
Western Area Power Administration (CROM)
Less Alternative Financing/Offsetting Collections (CROM)
Rescission of Prior Year Balances
Use of Prior Year Balances
Total, Western Area Power Administration (CROM)

858,473-721,2480-43,853
93,372

834,567-745,195
0089,372915,804-821,432-176-5,00089,196+81,237-76,237-176-5,000-176+9.7%-10.2%
N/A
N/A
-0.2%

Falcon and Amistad O&M Fund
Operation and MaintenanceLess Alternative Financing/Offsetting Collections
Use of Prior Year Balances
Total, Falcon and Amistad O&M Fund

5,048
-4,8200228

4,440-1,712-2,500228

5,647-4,119-1,300228+1,207-2,407+1,2000+27.2%-140.6%+48.0%
N/A

Colorado River Basins Power Marketing Fund
Spending Authority from Offsetting Collections
Offsetting Collections
Total, Colorado River Basins Power Marketing Fund
Total, Western Area Power Administration
Total, Power Marketing Administrations

185,396-208,396-23,000
70,60082,000220,337-243,337-23,000
66,60077,000220,244-241,644-21,400
68,02478,424-93+1,693+1,600+1,424+1,424

-0.0%
+0.7%
+7.0%
+2.1%
+1.8%

Appropriations Overview
The four Power Marketing Administrations (PMAs) sell electricity primarily generated by federally owned hydropower
projects. Preference in the sale of power is given to public entities and electric cooperatives. Revenues from the sale ofFederal power and transmission services are used to repay all related power costs.
The President’s budget request includes a proposal to authorize the Federal government to sell the transmission assets ofSouthwestern Power Administration, Western Area Power Administration, and Bonneville Power Administration. The budget
also includes a legislative proposal for all four of the PMAs to change statutory rate structure requirements from cost recovery to amarket based structure that takes into consideration rates charged by comparable utilities and which could result in fasterrecoupment of the taxpayer investment.
Program Highlights• Southeastern Power Administration
Southeastern markets and delivers all available Federal hydroelectric power from 22 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers(Corps) multipurpose projects to preference customers in an eleven-state area in the southeastern United States.
Southeastern does not own or operate any transmission facilities, and contracts with regional utilities that own electric

Budget in Brief

22

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

transmission systems to deliver the Federal hydropower to Southeastern’s customers. Southeastern’s use of receipts
and alternative financing offsets its appropriations resulting in a net-zero balance for the program.
•Southwestern Power Administration
Southwestern markets and delivers Federal hydroelectric power from 24 Corps multipurpose projects to preference
customers in a six-state area and participates with other water resource users in an effort to balance diverse interests
with power needs. To deliver power to its customers, Southwestern maintains 1,380 miles of high-voltage transmission
lines, 26 substations/switchyards, and 51 microwave and VHF radio sites. To operate its program, maintain theinfrastructure, and modernize systems to preserve the reliability, efficiency, and use of Federal assets, Southwesternutilizes appropriations, discretionary offsetting collections from Federal power receipts, and alternative financing. Of
these funding sources, 93.3% is derived from use of receipts and alternative financing, resulting in a net appropriationof only 6.7%.

•

Western Area Power Administration
Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) markets and transmits Federal power to a 1.3-million-square-mile service
area in 15 central and western states from 57 Federally-owned hydroelectric power plants operated by the Bureau of
Reclamation (the Bureau), the Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps), and the International Boundary and Water
Commission. It also markets a portion of the power from the Navajo Generating Station coal-fired plant near Page,
Arizona. WAPA’s construction program, conducted in close coordination with preference customers, continues toemphasize replacement, upgrade, and modernization of the electric system infrastructure to bring continued reliability,
improved connectivity, and increase flexibility and capability to the power grid. Through extensive partnering efforts,
WAPA has obtained significant stakeholder and customer participation in financing much of the construction program.
Through transparency WAPA demonstrates the value of its efficient operations that preference customers enjoy.
WAPA will continue to make significant efforts to be open, transparent and inclusive of customers and stakeholders in
its operational choices and capital planning efforts. WAPA is strengthening its Asset and Risk Management to further
ensure capital investments are sufficient and wisely deployed for our Nation and for our customers.
The President’s budget request includes a proposal to repeal the borrowing authority managed by WAPA's
Transmission Infrastructure Program (TIP). Separate from the CROM construction program, TIP offers development
assistance and debt financing options to deliver or facilitate the delivery of renewable energy resources.

•

Bonneville Power Administration
Bonneville operates under a business-type budget under the Government Corporation Control Act, 31 U.S.C 9101-10
and on the basis of the self-financing authority provided by the Federal Columbia River Transmission System Act of1974 (Transmission Act) (Public Law 93-454).
Bonneville is responsible for meeting the net firm power requirements of its requesting customers through a variety ofmeans, including energy conservation programs, acquisition of renewable and other resources, and power exchanges
with utilities both in and outside the region.
Bonneville provides electric power, transmission, and energy services to a 300,000-square-mile service area in eightstates in the Pacific Northwest. Bonneville wholesales the power produced at 31 Federal projects operated by theCorps and the Bureau and from certain non-Federal generating facilities. From these revenues, Bonneville funds theexpense portion of its budget and the power operations and maintenance costs of the Bureau and the Corps in theFederal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS). The capital portion of the budget is funded mostly through borrowing
from the U.S. Treasury at market rates for similar projects and with some non-Federal financing.
Bonneville is self-financed and receives no direct annual appropriations from Congress. In FY 2020, estimated totalrequirements of all Bonneville programs of $4,148 million include estimated budget obligations of $3,740 andestimated capital transfers of $408 million. Estimated obligations include operating expenses of $2,867 million, capital
investments of $787 million, and $86 million in projects funded in advance. These investments provide electric utility
and general plant requirements associated with the FCRPS’s transmission services, capital equipment, hydroelectric
projects, conservation, and capital investments to mitigate impacts on the environment, fish, and wildlife.

Budget in Brief

23

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

CYBERSECURITY, ENERGY SECURITY, AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE

Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER)
Cybersecurity for Energy Delivery Systems
Infrastructure Security and Energy Restoration
Supplemental Hurricane Funding2
Program Direction
Total, Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response

FY 2018
Enacted1

FY 2019
Enacted($K)
FY 2020
Request75,82912,0002,900
11,500102,22989,50019,000011,500120,000

75,00070,000011,500156,500

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$-14,500+51,00000+36,500-16.2%+268.4%
N/A
N/A+30.4%

1

The FY 2019 a ppropri a ti on s pl i t the El ectri ci ty Del i very a nd Energy Rel i a bi l i ty a ppropri a ti on i nto two a ppropri a ti ons : El ectri ci ty
Del i very a nd Cybers ecuri ty, Energy Securi ty, a nd Emergency Res pons e (CESER). To a l l ow a compa ri s on wi th FY 2019 a nd 2020, thecompa ra bl e a mounts for FY 2018 i ncl ude a mounts for the Cybers ecuri ty for Energy Del i very Sys tems a nd Infra s tructure Securi ty a nd
Energy Res tora ti on progra ms , a nd a porti on of Progra m Di recti on fundi ng, equi va l ent to wha t woul d ha ve been i n CESER ha d thecurrent s tructure been i n pl a ce i n FY 2018.

2

P.L. 115–123, Di vi s i on B, Subdi vi s i on 1, the Further Addi ti ona l Suppl ementa l Appropri a ti ons Act for Di s a s ter Rel i ef Requi rements Act,
2018, provi ded a ddi ti ona l fundi ng for expens es rel a ted to the cons equences of Hurri ca nes Ha rvey, Irma , a nd Ma ri a a s a n emergency
requi rement purs ua nt to the Ba l a nced Budget a nd Emergency Defi ci t Control Act of 1985.

Appropriation Overview
Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER) leads the Department’s efforts to secure U.S. energy
infrastructure against all hazards, reduce the risks of and impacts from cyber events and other disruptive events, and assist
with restoration activities. CESER is the Office responsible for DOE’s responsibilities as lead agency for Emergency Support
Function #12 (Energy), or ESF #12, under the National Response Framework, and is the Energy Sector-Specific Agency fornational efforts to enhance the preparedness, resiliency, and recovery of the U.S. energy infrastructure from all threats andhazards.
Due to the critical role the electric grid plays across Federal, state, and local jurisdictions, CESER programs work in an
integrated manner in partnership with industry and other stakeholders, as well as other DOE offices, to enhance theresilience (the ability to withstand and quickly recover from disruptions and maintain critical function) and security (theability to reduce risks in the protection system assets and critical functions from unauthorized and undesirable actors) of the
U.S. energy infrastructure. Reliable and resilient energy infrastructure is critical to U.S. economic competiveness, innovation,and leadership.
Within the appropriation, CESER funds:•

Research and Development (R&D) to deliver game-changing tools and technologies that help utilities secure and reducerisks to today’s energy infrastructure from advanced cyber threats and design next-generation future systems that are
built from inception to automatically detect, reject, and withstand cyber incidents, regardless of the threat.

•

Public and private-sector partnership to strengthen the energy sector’s cybersecurity posture, leveraging DOEsupported tools, guidelines, outreach, training, and technical assistance.

•

Emergency Preparedness and Response, supporting the energy sector, to pursue enhancements to national efforts, incooperation with public and private-sector stakeholders, for preparedness, and resilience, and recovery of U.S. energy
infrastructure from all threats and hazards.

Program Highlights• Cybersecurity for Energy Delivery Systems seeks to accelerate and expand efforts to strengthen the energy
infrastructure against cyber threats and mitigate vulnerabilities. Working closely with the energy sector and ourgovernment partners, the request focuses on enhancing the speed and effectiveness of threat and vulnerability
information sharing, including bi-directional machine-to-machine information sharing, and accelerating game-changing
R&D to mitigate cyber incidents in today’s systems and to develop next-generation resilient energy delivery systems
while developing analyses to quantify the resulting relative risk reduction. For instance, research could accelerate

Budget in Brief

24

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

development of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for critical energy delivery infrastructure, such as machine learning
using data generated by the underlying physical process of energy delivery as well as data generated by the cybersystems that control that physical process, to provide for an automatic response to cyber-attack. Such AI techniques
might allow for energy delivery systems or components, such as generation plants, to automatically adapt operations
and survive a cyber-attack that would otherwise disrupt energy delivery. The reduction from the FY 2019 appropriationis due to moving funding for the energy delivery system testing and analysis laboratory from Cybersecurity and Energy
Delivery Systems (CEDS) to Infrastructure Security and Energy Restoration (ISER) for operationalizing the results of R&D
initiatives. The CEDS request includes a $10,000,000 increase for an Advanced Threat Mitigation initiative to detect andmitigate high-risk threats faster by dramatically improving the speed and effectiveness of public-private information
sharing and a $10,000,000 increase to demonstrate and refine prototype cybersecurity solutions to reduce cyber-riskfor energy sector entities that provide power to military and government installations. This initiative will support the
Cyber Analytics Tools and Techniques (CATT™) program, which is designed to provide the energy sector with situationalawareness and actionable information to support discovery and mitigation of advance cyber threats to the U.S. energy
infrastructure enriched with classified threat information and unique analytical tradecraft owned by the U.S.
Government. These increases are offset by reductions in two activities that were fully funded in FY 2019: DarkNet andAutomated System R&D.
•

Infrastructure Security and Energy Restoration coordinates a national effort to secure U.S. energy infrastructure
against all hazards, reduce impacts from disruptive events, and assist industry with restoration activities. ISER delivers
critical capabilities including energy sector emergency response and recovery (including emergency response of a cybernature); near-real-time situational awareness and information sharing about the status of the energy systems to
improve risk management; analysis of evolving threats and hazards to energy infrastructure; and technical assistancethat incorporates exercises in order to strengthen Federal, regional, State, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) abilities towork together to prepare for and mitigate the effects of an energy sector emergency. By working with the SLTT energy
community to plan and develop mitigations, the Nation’s energy systems will become more secure and resilient. The
ISER request includes $30,000,000 to establish a national physical energy system and component testing capability
designed specifically to look at the vulnerabilities of the energy sector from threats such as electromagnetic pulses(EMP) and geomagnetic disturbances (GMD) and $15,000,000 to support an energy delivery system testing and analysis
laboratory that was previously funded in CEDS.

Budget in Brief

25

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

PETROLEUM RESERVESFY 2018
Enacted1

FY 2019
Enacted($K)
FY 2020
Request 2

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$

Fossil Energy Petroleum Reserves
Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves
Production Operations
Management
Use of Prior Year Balances
Total, Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves

18,2002,000-15,300
4,900

8,000
2,000
0
10,00012,0002,000
014,000+4,0000
0+4,000+50.0%
N/A
N/A+40.0%

Strategic Petroleum Reserve
Facilities Development and Operations
Management for SPR Operations
Northeast Gasoline Supply Reserve
Supplemental Hurricane Funding
Total, Strategic Petroleum Reserve

194,91428,08629,0008,716
260,716

180,026
25,97429,0000235,000

148,980
25,02000174,000-31,046-954-29,000
0-61,000-17.2%-3.7%-100.0%N/A-26.0%

Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve
Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve
Use of Prior Year Balances
Total, Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve

10,000-3,500
6,500

10,0000
10,00000
0-10,0000-10,000-100.0%N/A-100.0%SPR Petroleum Account
SPR Petroleum AccountUse of Prior Year Balances
Total, SPR Petroleum Accounts
Total, Fossil Energy Petroleum Reserves

11,400-3,0008,400
280,516

10,0000
10,000265,00000
0
188,000-10,0000-10,000-77,000-100.0%N/A-100.0%-29.1%

Energy Security and Infrastructure Modernization Fund

350,000

300,000

450,000+150,000+50.0%

1

New FY 2018 budget authority was supplemented with the use of prior-year balances.
The FY 2020 budget request does not include a request for direct appropriations; instead, the Department is requesting
authorization to deposit up to $27 million in proceeds from the sale of one-million barrels of refined petroleum product(gasoline blendstock) from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

2

Appropriation Overview
Fossil Energy Petroleum Reserves consists of three energy security programs, one SPR modernization program, and postsale remediation activities at Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1 and 3. The Strategic Petroleum Reserve storage sites arelocated at four government-owned Gulf Coast locations with oversight from the Project Management office in Harahan,Louisiana, along with Headquarters personnel in Washington, D.C. Both the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve(NEHHOR) and the Northeast Gasoline Supply Reserve (NGSR) consist of Government-owned refined petroleum products
stored in leased commercial storage in terminals in the Northeast. Legacy environmental clean-up/remediation continues
at the previously-sold Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1 (Elk Hills, California) and landfill remediation and closure continues aspart of post-sale activities at Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3 (Casper, Wyoming).
Program Highlights• Strategic Petroleum Reserve
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) provides strategic and economic security against foreign and domestic
disruptions in oil supplies via an emergency stockpile of crude oil. The program fulfills United States' obligations underthe International Energy Program, which avails the United States of International Energy Agency assistance through its
coordinated energy emergency response plans, and provides a deterrent against energy supply disruptions. The FY
2020 budget will support the SPR's operational readiness and drawdown capabilities of 4.21 MB/d. Program will
perform cavern wellbore testing and remediation activities to ensure the availability of the SPR’s crude oil inventory.

Budget in Brief

26

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

Northeast Gasoline Supply Reserve: Consistent with previous years, the Budget proposes to disestablish the Northeast
Gasoline Supply Reserve (NGSR) by allowing current commercial storage contracts to expire and selling the refined
product currently held in the reserve. The NGSR has not been utilized since its establishment, and is not considered tobe cost efficient or operationally effective.
•

SPR Petroleum Account
The SPR Petroleum Account funds SPR petroleum acquisition, transportation, and drawdown activities. The
Department is requesting authorization to deposit into the SPR Petroleum Account up to $27 million in proceeds fromthe sale of one-million barrels of refined petroleum product (gasoline blendstock) from the Strategic Petroleum
Reserve’s NGSR. Proceeds will be used as a source of funding for drawdown costs related to Congressionally-directed,
multi-year sales of crude oil from the SPR.

•

Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves
Following the 1998 sale of the government's interests in NPR-1 (Elk Hills, CA), environmental cleanup/remediation
activities under the Corrective Action Consent Agreement with the State of California Department of Toxic Substances
Control (DTSC) began. Of the 131 AOCs for which DOE is responsible for environmental cleanup, as of December 10,
2018, 84 AOCs have received NFA certification from California’s DTSC, and 6 AOCs are under DTSC review for NFA
certification. The remaining 41 AOCs require remediation. The FY 2020 request includes funding that supports
remediation of 5 AOCs and 6 sub-AOCs.

•

Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve
The Budget proposes to disestablish the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve (NEHHOR) in FY 2020, as the NEHHOR has
never been utilized for its design purpose and costs roughly $10 million per year to operate and maintain. Specifically,
the Budget directs the Secretary to draw down and sell all one million barrels of petroleum distillate from the NEHHOR
in FY 2020, and all proceeds from the sale shall be deposited into the general fund of the Treasury for deficit reduction.
Upon completion of the sale, the NEHHOR will be closed as the current commercial storage contracts expire in March
2020. The Budget finds that regional petroleum reserves have not been effective at carrying out their intended
missions.

•

Energy Security and Infrastructure Modernization Fund (ESIM)The Energy Security and Infrastructure Modernization Fund was established in Section 404 of the Bipartisan Budget Act
of 2015 to finance modernization of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). Sales of SPR crude oil will support Life
Extension Phase II investments needed to ensure the SPR can maintain its operational readiness capability, meet its
mission requirements, and operate in an environmentally responsible manner. The FY 2020 budget increment
concludes the four-year (2017 - 2020) financing structure of multi-year oil sales that support an effective modernization
program for the SPR.

Budget in Brief

27

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

FOSSIL ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (FER&D)
FY 2018
EnactedFossil Energy Research and Development
Carbon Capture and Storage and Power Systems
Carbon Capture
Carbon Storage
Advanced Energy Systems
Cross-cutting Research
NETL Coal Research and Development
STEP (Supercritical CO2)
Transformational Coal Pilots
Subtotal, Carbon Capture and Storage and Power Systems
Advanced Coal Energy Systems and CCUS
Advanced Energy Systems
Crosscutting Research
Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage
NETL Coal Research and Development
Subtotal, Advanced Coal Energy Systems and CCUS
Natural Gas Technologies
Unconventional Fossil Energy Technologies fromPetroleum - Oil Technologies
Program Direction
Special Recruitment Programs
NETL Infrastructure
NETL Research and Operations
Total, Fossil Energy Research and Development

FY 2019
Enacted($K)
FY 2020
RequestFY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$

100,671
98,096
112,000
58,35053,00024,00035,000481,117

100,671
98,096
129,683
56,35054,00022,43025,000486,230

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

-100,671-98,096-129,683-56,350-54,000-22,430-25,000-486,230-100.0%-100.0%-100.0%-100.0%-100.0%-100.0%-100.0%-100.0%0000050,0000000051,000220,300
60,32568,80038,000387,425
10,730+220,300+60,325+68,800+38,000+387,425-40,270

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
-79.0%

40,00060,000700
45,00050,000726,81746,00061,070700
45,00050,000740,000

19,00061,045700
43,10040,000562,000-27,000-25
0-1,900-10,000-178,000-58.7%
-0.0%
N/A
-4.2%
-20.0%-24.1%

Appropriation Overview
The Fossil Energy Research and Development (FER&D) program conducts research that supports the clean, affordable and efficientuse of domestic fossil energy resources. The program funds early-stage R&D with academia, National Laboratories, and the private
sector to generate knowledge that industry can use to develop new products and processes. Funding is also provided to support
competitive awards with industry, National Laboratories and academia focused on innovative early-stage R&D to improve thereliability, availability, efficiency, and environmental performance of advanced fossil-based power systems. Program activities,
including National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) R&D, support early-stage R&D focused on: 1) novel fossil-fueled powersystems and components that improve the reliability and efficiency of new and existing units; 2) advanced materials andcomputational systems; 3) utilization of coal and CO2 for the production of critical materials and products; 4) transformational CO2
capture technologies applicable to both new and existing fossil-fueled facilities; and 5) CO2 storage, with emphasis on storage indepleted oil and gas fields; offshore geologic reservoirs; and addressing injection challenges across all reservoir types. The program
will also conduct early-stage research to generate new understanding of shale geology and fracture dynamics to enable industry tofurther develop unconventional oil and natural gas resources. In addition, FER&D will conduct work focused on characterizing gas
hydrates and will explore new concepts for novel technologies that could improve the reliability and operational efficiency ofnatural gas transmission, distribution, and storage facilities.
The FY 2020 Budget proposes a restructure of the Advanced Energy Systems (AES), Crosscutting Research, and Carbon Captureand Storage programs within the FER&D Program. This restructure improves the alignment of the budget structure to the research
focus areas, repositioning the Department to more effectively enable industry to commercialize and deploy advanced technologies
necessary to support a secure and reliable power grid. FER&D will support early-stage research in materials, sensors, and processes
to expand the knowledge base upon which industry can improve the efficiency, flexibility, and resilience of the existing fleet of coal
fired power plants. The restructure also focuses funding on early-stage research that enables the next generation of high efficiency
and low emission coal fired power plants that can directly compete with other sources of electricity in the market and provide low
cost reliable and interminable power. To ensure that investments across the Department are efficiently leveraged and coordinated,

Budget in Brief

28

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

the FY 2020 Budget Request also includes two intra-Departmental initiatives: the Harsh Environment Materials Initiative, whichaligns shared R&D across the Offices of Fossil Energy, Nuclear Energy, and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in materials,
sensors, and advanced manufacturing related to small modular technologies; and the Advanced Energy Storage Initiative, whichaligns shared R&D across the Offices of Fossil Energy, Electricity, and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in energy storage.
Further details can be found in the Crosscutting Research section.
Program Highlights
Advanced Coal Energy Systems & CCUS
The Advanced Energy Systems and CCUS budget request is focused on solving the nation’s most pressing fossil energy
challenges:• Advancing the Coal FIRST (Flexible, Integrated, Resilient, Small, Transformative) initiative: R&D on technologies
for coal plants of the future that are highly efficient and flexible, with near-zero emissions;• Improving the performance, reliability, and efficiency of the existing coal-fired fleet;• Reducing the cost and risk of carbon capture for commercial deployment; and• Creating new market opportunities for coal.
•

Advanced Energy Systems
The mission of the Advanced Energy Systems (AES) subprogram is to increase the availability, efficiency, and reliabilityof fossil energy power systems and to fund early-stage research to advance technologies that represent a new way toconvert energy to enable a step change in performance, efficiency, and the cost of electricity for next generation power
plants while maintaining environmental standards through early-stage R&D. The subprogram comprises sevenactivities: 1) Advanced Gasification Systems, 2) Advanced Turbines, 3) Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, 4) Advanced Sensors andControls and Other Novel Concepts, 5) Advanced Coal Processing 6) Power Generation Efficiency, and 7) Advanced
Energy Materials. While the primary focus is on coal-based power systems, improvements to these technologies will
result in spillover benefits that can reduce the cost of converting other carbon-based fuels, such as natural gas,biomass, or petroleum coke into power and other useful products in an environmentally-acceptable manner. Funding is
also provided to support competitive awards with industry, National Laboratories, and academia. Goals of the program
include: by the end of FY 2022, develop three technologies that, verified through modeling, improve the average heatrate (i.e., efficiency) of a typical plant in the existing fleet by 5 percent from the 2017 baseline of 30 percent. By the endof FY 2023, advance at least two engineering studies of advanced high efficiency, low emission (HELE) coal fired
systems that have flexible operating capacity to meet baseload and load following requirements needed for the
evolving grid. These studies will inform industry or other entities seeking to develop and deploy an advanced coalenergy system.

•

Crosscutting Research
The Crosscutting Research subprogram supports innovative early-stage R&D for improving reliability, availability, efficiency,
and environmental performance of advanced fossil-based power systems. The program bridges basic and applied research bytargeting concepts with the greatest potential for transformational breakthroughs. As such, the program focuses on advancing
early-stage research in areas such materials, rare earth recovery from coal and coal byproducts, fluid dynamics, and fuelpreparation characteristics (i.e., coal particle sizing and drying). The program also aims to obtain new knowledge regarding
plant phenomena and operation that can be incorporated into a new generation of plant control technologies. Crosscutting
Research is focused on six activities and associated sub-activities: 1) Critical Minerals; 2) Water Management R&D; 3) Modeling,
Simulation and Analysis; 4) Harsh Environment Materials Initiative; 5) Advanced Energy Storage Initiative and 6) University
Training and Research (e.g., funding for: University Coal Research, and Historically Black Colleges and Universities and other
Minority-Serving Institutions, and the University Turbine Systems Research.

•

Carbon Capture, Utilization & Storage
The Carbon Capture subprogram is focused on early-stage research and development on post-combustion and precombustion CO2 capture, novel compression technologies for new and existing fossil fuel-fired power plants and CO2 utilization
technologies to convert CO2to valuable products and commodities. Significant improvements are required to reduce parasitic
energy load, and lower capital costs that can support the market potential for large quantities of CO2 for economic utilization in
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) operations and conversion to high-value products. Low cost CO2 can strengthen U.S. energy
security by enabling the production of up to 60 billion barrels of stranded oil that is uneconomic with current recovery
practices and current market prices for CO2. The Carbon Utilization subprogram focuses on using captured/concentrated CO2

Budget in Brief

29

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

and/or carbon-containing substances, or directly using CO2 from flue gas or mixed gas streams, and converting it into valuable
products. Critical challenges identified in the utilization focus area include the cost-effective use of CO2 and other carboncontaining substances as a feedstock for chemical synthesis, or its integration into pre-existing products. The Carbon Storage
subprogram is focused on development of technologies for the safe and permanent geologic storage of captured CO2. The
subprogram is focused on early-stage R&D in five primary storage types—saline formations, oil and natural gas reservoirs, unmineable coal seams, basalts, and organic shales—and in geologic reservoirs across eleven different geologic storage
depositional classes. Coupled simulation tools, characterization methods, and monitoring technologies developed andvalidated through the Carbon Storage subprogram will improve storage efficiency, reduce overall cost, decrease subsurface
uncertainties, and identify ways to ensure that operations are safe, economically viable, and environmentally benign.
•

NETL Coal Research and Development
The NETL Coal R&D program funds all NETL in-house research efforts. In addition to supporting research capabilities in
the areas of computational engineering, material engineering and manufacturing, and geological systems, this program
funds collaboration activities with universities, other National Laboratories, state and local governments, and industry.
NETL will leverage funding and will explore collaborative models for partnerships with other laboratories, industry, andacademia in accordance with laws, regulations, and policies. This program also encompasses strategic energy analysis
and research data management activities.

•

STEP (Supercritical CO2)
STEP is a pilot test facility that is intended to be available for industry- led projects. Through competitively awarded funding
opportunity announcements, the program will support advances in the next generation of lower cost, higher performancerecuperators as well as the next generation turbine components such as seals, bearings, and rotors needed to improve
efficiency, reduce cost, and increase durability of power systems that use supercritical CO2 as a working fluid.

•

Transformational Coal Pilots
No funding is requested in FY 2020. Prior year funding will be used to award up to 4 full front end engineering and design(FEED) studies that will proceed into a down-select to 2 large pilots, in accordance with Congressional directives.

Oil and Natural Gas• Natural Gas Technologies
The Natural Gas Technologies program addresses critical and emergent issues pertaining to the safe and environmentally
sustainable supply of domestic natural gas. Specifically, the program’s mission is to promote our Nation’s energy independence
through early-stage research and development that enables the prudent development, distribution, and storage of natural gas
resources. The program is comprised of two subprograms: 1) Natural Gas Infrastructure Research and 2) Gas Hydrates. Given
the importance of natural gas in our energy system, it is critical to ensure the safety and reliability of related infrastructure toprotect energy reliability, public health, and the environment. To that end, the Natural Gas Infrastructure Research
subprogram conducts early-stage R&D on technologies that industry could advance to improve the reliability and operational
efficiency of natural gas transmission, distribution, and storage facilities. In addition, while shale gas has been discovered in
sufficient quantities to now support and warrant U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports, the most plentiful supplies of natural
gas throughout the world may in fact be the methane molecules trapped in ice-like structures called hydrates. The Gas
Hydrates subprogram supports unique early-stage research to evaluate the occurrence, nature, and behavior of the potentiallyenormous naturally-occurring gas hydrate resources within the U.S. and territorial waters, with particular focus on the Arctic
and Gulf of Mexico regions.
•

Unconventional Fossil Energy Technologies from Petroleum – Oil Technologies
The mission of the Unconventional Fossil Energy Technologies from Petroleum – Oil Technologies program is to advance open
information and technologies that will better assure sustainable and responsible development of domestic unconventional
fossil energy resources, including tight and shale oil and natural gas. The prudent development of these natural resources isessential to ensuring the Nation’s continued energy resilience and security. The Unconventional Fossil Energy Technologies
Program is aligned with Administration priorities of enhancing domestic energy production and U.S. energy security.

Budget in Brief30

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

National Energy Technology Laboratory• NETL Research and Operations
The NETL Research and Operations program funds NETL’s science and technology development and commercialization
functions, including technical program management and strategic scientific planning and partnerships. Specifically,funding supports the NETL staff of engineers, and technical project managers who conduct extramural research
activities for FER&D programs, including salaries and benefits, travel, and other employee costs. This request also
supports the variable operating costs of NETL’s research sites.
•

NETL Infrastructure
The NETL Infrastructure program supports the fixed costs of NETL’s facility and major equipment footprint in threegeographic locations -- Morgantown, WV; Pittsburgh, PA; and Albany, OR. The program is comprised of the following
subprograms: (1) High Performance Computer; (2) Laboratory and Site-wide Facilities; (3) Safeguards and Security; and(4) Environmental Restoration. As of November 2018, Joule, NETL’s high performance computer, is the 52nd fastest in
the world and the 23rd fastest in the United States. A subsequent lease is planned at the expiration of the current one.

•

Program Direction
Program Direction provides the funding for all headquarters personnel and operational expenses for FER&D. Also included is
the Import/Export Authorization program, which will continue regulatory reviews and oversight of the transmission of natural
gas across the U.S. borders. Program Direction at NETL continues to include functions that are necessary for the performanceof NETL activities, such as legal, finance, and procurement. Each of these elements also fund the DOE-wide Human Resources
Shared Services Center and the FE program office contributes to the DOE Working Capital Fund.

Budget in Brief

31

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

NUCLEAR ENERGYFY 2018
EnactedNuclear Energy
Integrated University Program
STEP R&D
SMR Licensing Technical Support
Reactor Concepts RD&D
Fuel Cycle R&D
Nuclear Energy Enabling Technologies
Radiological Facilities Management
Idaho Facilities Management
Idaho Sitewide Safeguards and Security
International Nuclear Energy Cooperation
Program Direction
Total, Nuclear Energy($K)
FY 2020
RequestFY 2019
EnactedFY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted
%
$

5,000
5,000

5,000
5,000

0
0

-5,000-5,000-100.0%-100.0%237,000
260,056
159,000
29,000294,000
133,000
3,000
80,0001,205,056

323,500
263,915
152,585
29,000318,000
146,090
3,000
80,0001,326,090

215,150
90,00098,4509,000
209,242
137,808
064,350824,000-108,350-173,915-54,135-20,000-108,758-8,282-3,000-15,650-502,090-33.5%-65.9%-35.5%-69.0%-34.2%-5.7%-100.0%-19.6%-37.9%

Appropriation Overview
Nuclear Energy (NE) supports the diverse civilian nuclear energy programs of the U.S. Government, leading Federal efforts
to research and develop nuclear energy technologies, including generation, safety, and security technologies, to help
unleash an era of energy dominance through strategic support for innovation.
Program Highlights• Reactor Concepts Research, Development and Demonstration
FY 2020 activities will include cost-shared efforts to extend the life of the existing commercial nuclear reactor fleet
through early-stage research in the areas of materials aging and degradation, safety margin characterization, safety
technologies, and instrumentation and controls; and early-stage research into advanced reactor technologies, such as
fast reactor technologies and high temperature reactor technologies for the production of electricity and hightemperature process heat to improve the economic competitiveness and safety of nuclear energy as a resource
capable of meeting the Nation's energy, environmental and energy security goals. In FY 2020, the Versatile Advanced
Test Reactor subprogram accelerates as the Department anticipates a decision in FY 2021 on whether to proceed to design
activities.
•

Fuel Cycle Research and Development
The FY 2020 Budget Request supports progress towards developing one or more light water reactor fuel concepts withsignificantly enhanced accident tolerance, and the investigation of technologies for providing high assay low enricheduranium (HALEU) feedstock for advanced reactor fuels.

•

Nuclear Energy Enabling Technologies
The FY 2020 Budget Request supports early-stage R&D and strategic investments in research capabilities to develop
innovative and crosscutting nuclear energy technologies. This program funds high-priority early‐stage R&D on advanced
manufacturing methods, fabrication, and instrumentation technologies that includes strong investments in modeling andsimulation tools, and provides access to unique nuclear energy research capabilities through its Nuclear Science User Facilities(NSUF). Collectively, Nuclear Energy Enabling Technologies sponsored activities support the goals, objectives, and activitiesof the Gateway for Accelerated Innovation in Nuclear (GAIN) initiative to make these technology advancements accessible to
U.S. industry through private-public partnerships. The FY 2020 Budget Request also supports activities in theTransformational Challenge Reactor subprogram designed to enhance the development of breakthrough technologies
using additive manufacturing techniques.

Budget in Brief

32

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

•Radiological Facilities Management
The FY 2020 Budget Request supports the provision of fresh reactor fuel to, and removal of used fuel from, 25
operating university research reactors to support their continued operation. This provides continued test reactor
capability to universities, coupled with research, development, and educational opportunities in support of U.S. nuclear
energy initiatives.

•

Idaho Facilities Management and Idaho Sitewide Safeguards and Security
The Idaho Facilities Management program continues investments at the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) and Advanced
Test Reactor Critical Facility (ATRC) to improve reliability and availability of the ATR, and continue operations at theTransient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT). The Idaho Sitewide Safeguards and Security program will increase theworkforce and focus on continued implementation of infrastructure investments, capital improvements, emerging
technology investments, and enhanced cybersecurity program capabilities to adequately secure site assets.

Budget in Brief

33

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

YUCCA MOUNTAIN AND INTERIM STORAGE
FY 2018
EnactedYucca Mountain and Interim Storage
Defense Nuclear Waste Disposal
Yucca Mountain and Interim Storage
Nuclear Waste Disposal
Yucca Mountain and Interim Storage
Total, Yucca Mountain and Interim Storage($K)
FY 2020
RequestFY 2019
EnactedFY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted
%
$

0

0

26,000+26,000

N/A

0
0

0
0

90,000116,000+90,000+116,000

N/A
N/A

Appropriation Overview
The mission of the Yucca Mountain and Interim Storage program is to accelerate progress on fulfilling the Federal
Government’s obligations to address nuclear waste, enhance national security, and reduce future taxpayer burden. The
FY 2020 Budget Request proposes funding from two separate appropriation accounts, Nuclear Waste Disposal ($90 million)
and Defense Nuclear Waste Disposal ($26 million).
Program Highlights• Yucca Mountain and Interim Storage Programs
The Yucca Mountain and Interim Storage FY 2020 Budget Request is dedicated to resuming regulatory activities
concerning Yucca Mountain and initiating a robust interim storage program. This Budget Request supports functions
necessary to execute regulatory activities, including legal support to represent the Department, as well as, responding
to litigation and other legal matters. It also provides for technical and scientific work necessary to support and respondto any challenges in the regulatory process. In addition, it provides for related document management activities.
The FY 2020 Budget Request includes funding to develop and implement a robust interim storage capability enablingnear-term consolidation of nuclear waste.
•

Program Direction
The Program Direction budget is structured to support both regulatory activities and interim storage. Program
Direction supports a variety of activities, including the salaries of Federal Employees working in furtherance of the
Nuclear Waste Policy Act (NWPA).

Budget in Brief

34

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

OFFICE OF INDIAN ENERGY POLICY AND PROGRAMSFY 2018
Enacted
Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs
Departmental Administration
Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs
Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs
Indian Energy Policy and Programs
Program Direction
Total, Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs($K)
FY 2020
RequestFY 2019
EnactedFY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$

18,000

0

0

0

N/A

0
0
18,00013,2004,800
18,000

4,479
3,521
8,000

-8,721-1,279-10,000-66.1%-26.6%-55.6%

Appropriation Overview
The Office of Indian Energy Policy and Program’s (IE) financial and technical assistance are critical to advancing
electrification and energy development and deployment on Indian lands, reducing energy costs, and assisting economic
development in tribal communities where unemployment and poverty rates far exceed national averages. This assistance isintended to overcome barriers to deploying energy generation projects (used for heat and electric power), as well as energy
efficiency projects that result in reduced or stabilized energy costs.
Technical Assistance overcomes barriers to project development and builds knowledge and skills necessary to implement
energy projects on tribal land. It is available in the following areas: energy efficiency, energy development, electrification,
resilience and cost reduction, and human capital building activities that support tribal self-determination, self-sufficiency,
and energy security.
The Financial Assistance program will support funding opportunities toward energy development and electrification inIndian Country.
Program Highlights
Since 2010, DOE's Office of Indian Energy invested more than $62.5 million in nearly 160 tribal energy projects implemented
across the contiguous 48 states and in Alaska. These projects, valued at over $130 million, are leveraged by over $68 million
in recipient cost share.
From 2010-2017, DOE invested $25 million in 43 deployment (hardware installation) projects valued at more than $70
million, resulted in tangible results, including:• Installed 18.5 MW of new generation on tribal lands• Electricity bills reduced for more than 2,500 tribal government and community buildings and more than 29,000
tribal members• Every $1 in DOE funding will result in $7.22 savings for those tribe a• Average annual savings of $10M and lifetime savings of a $500 million dollars
In 2018, DOE announced the selection of an additional 15 projects for award negotiations valued at $25 million to beleveraged with DOE investment of $9 million. These 15 hardware installation projects will result in an additional 10 MW of
new generation for more than 900 tribal buildings and homes across the nation, saving those communities more than $1.5
million each year.

a[(DOE cost share/total project cost) * total savings from all projects]/DOE cost share: [($24,924,255/$70,135,364)*($507,000,000)]/$24,924,255 (2010-2016 Data)
Budget in Brief
35
FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY
FY 2018
EnactedEnvironment, Health, Safety and Security Mission Support
Environment, Health, Safety and Security Mission Support
Program Direction
Total, Environment, Health, Safety and Security Mission Support

130,693
68,253
198,946

FY 2019
Enacted133,839
69,000202,839($K)
FY 2020
Request139,628
72,881
212,509

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$+5,789+3,881+9,670

+4.3%
+5.6%
+4.8%

Appropriation Overview
Environment, Health, Safety and Security (EHSS) funds support implementing DOE’s commitment to maintain a safe andsecure work environment for all Federal and contractor employees; ensure operations do not adversely affect theenvironment, health and safety of surrounding communities; and protect national security and other entrusted assets. In
particular, they support achieving DOE’s mission in a safe, secure, environmentally responsible manner by providing
consistent policy, technical assistance, and corporate leadership for environment, health, safety and security program
areas.
Program Highlights
Environment, Health and Safety—Funds are used to provide technical and analytical expertise to protect and enhance thesafety of all DOE workers, the public, and the environment in support of Departmental missions and goals. EHSS maintains
policies and guidance that promote safe, environmentally sustaining work practices in the areas of occupational, facility,
nuclear, and radiation safety; environmental protection; and quality assurance. EHSS provides technical assistance to DOE
program and site offices and laboratories through activities such as nuclear facility safety bases reviews and corporate-wideservices such as accrediting commercial laboratories used by DOE sites for regulatory compliance and employee radiologicalmonitoring programs. EHSS supports Departmental and national preparedness and response efforts associated withradiation emergencies and accidents and domestic and international research on exposures of workers and the public tonuclear, radiological, and other hazardous materials. EHSS provides health and environmental services to the people of the
Marshall Islands; and medical screenings for former DOE and DOE-related vendor employees, and supports the Departmentof Labor in implementation of the Energy Employee Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act.
Security—Funds provide technical security and analytical expertise to develop and assist in the implementation ofsafeguards and security programs that protect national security assets entrusted to DOE and implement the U.S.
Government nuclear weapons-related technology classification and declassification program. EHSS maintains policies andguidance related to physical protection, personnel and information security and nuclear materials accountability, in order
to be responsive to national security needs and evolving threats. EHSS provides technical assistance to DOE programs, site
offices and laboratories to implement cost effective security measures tailored to the mission. EHSS maintains corporate
security-related information management systems to determine the potential for an undue risk to individual sites, DOE, andnational security. EHSS provides for the protection of DOE Headquarters facilities and access authorizations for DOE
Headquarters personnel.
Program Direction—Funds provide Federal staffing, travel, support services and other resources required for execution of
EHSS program activities and provide technical support for liaison activities with the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board.
In FY 2020, the Budget Request proposes to:• Ensure DOE’s EHSS policies are efficient, effective and in compliance with national policies;• Support cost effective implementation of EHSS requirements, including continued support for implementation of DOE’s
Design Basis Threat Order;• Identify and assess effective, safe, and reliable physical security technologies to replace aging and failing systems
currently in operation at nuclear facilities and laboratories;• Continue to improve DOE’s safety culture by expanding the safety culture community of interest to share best practices,performing safety culture assessments, and monitoring safety culture performance (including analyzing and monitoring
results to improve safe accomplishment of work);

Budget in Brief

36

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

•••Manage DOE’s classification program to protect national security interests;
Manage programs that support EHSS excellence and efficiency across the complex (such as the Voluntary Protection
Program); andManage programs that promote improvements in EHSS knowledge and capabilities, such as the Nuclear Safety Researchand Development Program and international health studies.

Budget in Brief

37

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

TITLE 17 - INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM
FY 2018
EnactedTitle 17 - Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program
Administrative Operations 1
Loan Guarantee, Offsetting Collections
FY 2011 Loan Subsidy Cancellation2
Total, Title 17 - Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program
ARRA Loan Subsidy Cancellation3

33,000-2,108030,8920

FY 2019
Enacted33,000-20,000
0
13,0000($K)
FY 2020
Request

3,000-3,000-160,659-160,659-523,212

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$-30,000+17,000-160,659-173,659-523,212-90.9%+85.0%
N/A-1,335.8%
N/A

1

The current es ti ma te for offs etti ng col l ecti ons i n FY 2019 i s $20 mi l l i on a nd the Congres s i ona l es ti ma te for FY 2019 wa s $15 mi l l i on. In FY
2018, $24 mi l l i on of s pendi ng a uthori ty wa s deri ved from offs etti ng col l ecti ons recei ved i n pri or yea rs a nd $2 mi l l i on i n fees were credi teda s offs etti ng col l ecti ons but not ma de a va i l a bl e.
2
The FY 2020 Budget propos es to ca ncel a pproxi ma tel y $161M i n unobl i ga ted credi t s ubs i dy ba l a nces a ppropri a ted by the Depa rtment of
Defens e a nd Ful l -Yea r Conti nui ng Appropri a ti ons Act of 2011 (Pub. L. 112-10) for renewa bl e energy or effi ci ent end-us e energy technol ogi es
under s ecti on 1703 of the Energy Pol i cy Act of 2005.
3

The FY2020 Budget Reques t propos es to ca ncel $523 mi l l i on i n rema i ni ng, emergency des i gna ted, unobl i ga ted credi t s ubs i dy ba l a ncesa ppropri a ted by the Ameri ca n Rei nves tment a nd Recovery Act of 2009 (Pub. L. 111-5). There a re no s corea bl e s a vi ngs from thi s ca ncel a ti on.

Appropriation Overview
Title 17 - Innovative Technology (Title 17) Loan Guarantee Program, as authorized under Title XVII of the Energy Policy Act
of 2005 and executed by the Department of Energy's (DOE) Loan Programs Office (LPO), encourages early commercial useof new or significantly improved technologies in energy projects. Projects supported by Title 17 loan guarantees must avoid,
reduce, or sequester air pollutants or anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases; employ new or significantly improved
technologies compared to commercial technologies in service in the United States at the time the guarantee is issued; andoffer a reasonable prospect of repayment of the principal and interest on the guaranteed obligation.
The FY 2020 Budget eliminates the Title 17 Loan Guarantee Program and proposes to cancel the approximately $161
million in remaining credit subsidy and all authority to guarantee loans appropriated in prior appropriations acts.

In addition to $3,000,000 in appropriation offset by $3,000,000 in collections, the Loan Programs Office (LPO) will utilize
approximately $26 million in unobligated balances carried forward from prior-year appropriations to cover loan portfolio
monitoring and administrative expenses; salaries for its full time employees as well as the cost of outside advisors forfinancial, legal, engineering, credit, and market analyses. In FY 2020, LPO will stop originating loans for the Title 17 Loan
Guarantee Program but will continue to monitor the existing portfolio. It is assumed that the recently issued conditional
commitment for $3.7 billion in loan guarantees to the owners of the Plant Vogtle Expansion Project will reach financial close
in FY 2019. No other projects are assumed to reach financial close prior to FY 2020.
Program Highlights
The FY 2020 Budget Request eliminates the Title 17 Guarantee Program.
•

The FY 2020 Budget proposes to permanently cancel the approximate $161 million in remaining credit subsidy and all
authority to guarantee loans appropriated in prior appropriations acts, with the exception of projects that reachfinancial close prior to October 1, 2019.

•

In addition to $3,000,000 in appropriation offset by $3,000,000 in collections, the Loan Programs Office (LPO) will
utilize approximately $26 million in unobligated balances carried forward from prior-year appropriations to cover loan
portfolio monitoring and administrative expenses.

Budget in Brief

38

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY VEHICLES MANUFACTURING LOAN PROGRAM
FY 2018
EnactedAdvanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program
Administrative Expenses
Total, Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program

5,000
5,000

FY 2019
Enacted

5,000
5,000

($K)
FY 2020
Request 1

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$00-5,000-5,000-100.0%-100.0%1

The FY 2020 Budget Reques t propos es to res ci nd $4.3 bi l l i on i n rema i ni ng unobl i ga ted, emergency des i gna ted, credi t-s ubs i dy ba l a ncesa ppropri a ted by the Cons ol i da ted Securi ty, Di s a s ter As s i s ta nce, a nd Conti nui ng Appropri a ti ons Act of 2009 (Pub. L. 110-329). There a re nos corea bl e s a vi ngs for thi s ca ncel a ti on.

Appropriation Overview
Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) Loan Program supports the manufacturing of advanced
technology vehicles and associated components in the United States. ATVM provides loans to automobile andautomobile part manufacturers for the cost of re-equipping, expanding, or establishing manufacturing facilities in
the United States to produce advanced technology vehicles or qualified components and for associatedengineering integration costs.
The FY 2020 Budget eliminates the ATVM Loan Program and proposes to rescind $4.3 billion in remaining,
emergency-designated, appropriated credit subsidy. The FY 2020 Budget proposes utilizing up to $5 million in
unobligated, non-emergency designated balances carried forward from prior-year appropriations to cover loan
portfolio monitoring and administrative expenses: salaries for its full-time employees as well as the cost of outsideadvisors for financial, legal, engineering, credit, and market analysis. In FY 2020, LPO will stop originating loans for
the ATVM Loan Program but will continue to monitor the existing portfolio.
Program Highlights
The FY 2020 Budget eliminates the ATVM Loan Program•

The direct loan authority provided under section 129 of the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, andContinuing Appropriations Act, 2009 is permanently cancelled.

•

LPO will continue to manage its existing asset portfolios.

•

The FY 2020 Budget proposes to use up to $5 million in unobligated balances carried forward from prior-year
appropriations for loan-portfolio monitoring and related administrative expenses.

Budget in Brief

39

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

TRIBAL ENERGY LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM
FY 2018
Enacted
Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program
Administrative Operations
Loan Subsidy Cancellation
Total, Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program

1,000
0
1,000

FY 2019
Enacted

1,000
0
1,000

($K)
FY 2020
Request 1

0-8,500-8,500FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$-1,000-8,500-9,500-100.0%N/A-950.0%1

The FY 2020 Budget Reques t propos es to ca ncel $8.5 mi l l i on i n unobl i ga ted credi t s ubs i dy ba l a nces a ppropri a ted by the Cons ol i da ted
Appropri a ti ons Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-31).

Appropriation Overview
Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program (TELGP) Section 2602 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, as amended by the Energy
Policy Act of 2005, authorized a loan guarantee program at the Department of Energy to support energy development by
Indian tribes.
The FY 2020 Budget Request eliminates TELGP and proposes to cancel the $8,500,000 appropriated for credit subsidy. Loan
Programs Office (LPO) will utilize up to $1 million in unobligated balances carried forward from prior-year appropriations tocover administrative expenses necessary to implement program termination. In FY 2020, the Loan Programs Office will stop
originating loans for TELGP, but will continue to monitor any loans that may close prior to October 1, 2019.
Program Highlights
The FY 2020 Budget eliminates TELGP.
•The FY 2020 Budget proposes to cancel $8.5 million in unobligated credit subsidy balances appropriated by
the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-31).

•

In FY 2020, LPO will discontinue loans origination activities for TELGP.

•The FY 2020 Budget proposes to use up to $1 million in unobligated balances carried forward from prior year
appropriations for related administrative expenses.

Budget in Brief40

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION
FY 2018
EnactedEnergy Information Administration
National Energy Information System
Total, Energy Information Administration

125,000
125,000

FY 2019
Enacted125,000
125,000($K)
FY 2020
Request118,000
118,000

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$-7,000-7,000

-5.6%
-5.6%

Appropriation Overview
The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department ofEnergy (DOE). EIA collects, analyzes, and disseminates independent and impartial energy information to promote soundpolicymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding of energy and its interaction with the economy and theenvironment. EIA is the nation’s premier source of energy information and, by law, its data, analyses, and forecasts are
independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the U.S. government.
EIA conducts a wide range of data collection, analysis, forecasting, and dissemination activities to ensure that its customers,
including Congress, federal and state governments, the private sector, the public, and the media, have ready access totimely, reliable, and relevant energy information. EIA’s data and analysis inform important energy-related decisions, such as
the availability of energy sources; government, business, and personal investment decisions; and policy development.
Program Highlights
EIA has evolved its program in recent years to provide an expanding customer base with coverage of increasingly complex
and interrelated energy markets. The agency’s ability to adapt to a changing industry landscape has been essential to thenation’s ongoing dialogue on important energy issues.
The FY 2020 Budget Request will enable EIA to continue core statistical and analysis activities that produce reports criticalto the nation, including:• Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report (WNGSR), which is designated as one of the nation’s Principal Federal
Economic Indicators• Weekly Petroleum Status Report (WPSR), which provides statistics on oil and petroleum product stocks, imports,
and production• Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO), which provides monthly forecasts of U.S. and global supply, consumption,
trade, stocks, and prices projected out 12 to 24 months• Annual Energy Outlook (AEO), which projects U.S. energy supply, consumption, and trade over the next 25- to 30year period
The FY 2020 Budget Request will also enable EIA to continue planned cybersecurity initiatives to bolster information
security.

Budget in Brief

41

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

SCIENCE

Science
Advanced Scientific Computing Research
Basic Energy Sciences
Biological and Environmental Research
Fusion Energy Sciences ProgramHigh Energy Physics
Nuclear Physics
Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists
Science Laboratories Infrastructure
Safeguards and Security
Program Direction
Total, Science

FY 2018
EnactedFY 2019
Enacted

810,000
2,090,000
673,000
532,111
908,000
684,000
19,500257,292
103,000
183,000
6,259,903

935,500
2,166,000
705,000
564,000
980,000
690,000
22,500232,890
106,110183,000
6,585,000($K)
FY 2020
Request920,888
1,858,285
494,434
402,750
768,038
624,854
19,500163,600
110,623
183,000
5,545,972

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$-14,612-307,715-210,566-161,250-211,962-65,146-3,000-69,290+4,5130-1,039,028-1.6%-14.2%-29.9%-28.6%-21.6%-9.4%-13.3%-29.8%+4.3%
N/A-15.8%

Appropriation Overview
The Office of Science (SC) is the nation’s largest Federal supporter of basic research in the physical sciences and funds
programs in physics, chemistry, materials science, biology, environmental science, applied mathematics, and computer andcomputational science. The SC portfolio has two principal thrusts: direct support of scientific research, and direct support ofthe design, development, construction, and operation of unique, open-access scientific user facilities. The SC basic research
portfolio includes extramural grants and contracts supporting over 22,000 researchers located at over 300 institutions and the 17
DOE national laboratories, spanning all fifty states and the District of Columbia. The portfolio of 27 scientific user facilities serves
nearly 32,000 users per year. SC programs invest in foundational science, including basic research for the advancement ofclean energy, to transform our understanding of nature and strengthen the connection between advances in fundamental
science and technology innovation.
Program Highlights• Advanced Scientific Computing Research
Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) supports advanced computational research, applied mathematics, andcomputer science, as well as development and operation of multiple, large high performance and leadership computing
user facilities and high performance networking. ASCR decreases by $14.6 million, or 1.6 percent, below the FY 2019
Enacted level. The Request provides investments to accelerate the development of exascale-capable computing systems,
applications and software infrastructure in order to deploy the first exascale system in calendar year 2021 to provide nextgeneration tools for scientific discovery and meet national security needs. The Request funds:o Research, development, and design to ultimately achieve exascale-capable systems with a fifty fold improvement intrue application performance over the current systems at the Leadership Computing Facilities at Argonne National
Laboratory (ANL) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL).
o Foundational research to improve the robustness, reliability, and transparency of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence(AI) technologies, uncertainty quantification, and development of software tools.
o Support of core research in applied mathematics, computer science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced
Computing (SciDAC) program, and new strategic partnerships aimed at understanding the challenges that quantum
information and neuromorphic technologies pose to DOE mission applications.
o In partnership with the Basic Energy Sciences and High Energy Physics programs, establish at least one multidisciplinary Quantum Information Sciences (QIS) center to promote basic research early stage development toaccelerate the advancement of QIS through vertical integration between systems and theory and hardware andsoftware in partnership with the BES and HEP programs.
o Operations and preparation for upgrades at ASCR’s four scientific user facilities, including site preparations andnon-recurring engineering efforts at the Leadership Computing Facilities.

Budget in Brief

42

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification•

Basic Energy Sciences
Basic Energy Sciences (BES) supports fundamental research to understand, predict, and ultimately control matter andenergy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels in order to provide the foundations for new energy technologies,
to mitigate the environmental impacts of energy use, and to support DOE missions in energy, environment, andnational security. BES decreases by $307.7 million or 14.2 percent, below the FY 2019 Enacted level. The Request funds:
o Core research activities to support Administrative Priorities that will empahsize QIS, next-generation microelectronics,
data analytics and machine learning for data-driven science, ultrafast science, catalysis science, synthesis, instrumentation
science, and materials and chemical research related to future nuclear energy systems, next-generation electrical energy
storage, interdependent energy-water issues, and fundamental research to enable advancement of clean energy
technologies.
o Support for the Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) to expand the EFRC portfolio in topical areas of the highest
priority to the Department, including QIS, microelectronics, and other program priorities.
o Countinuing support for the Batteries and Energy Storage and the Fuels from Sunlight Energy Innovation Hubs.
o Continuing support for computational materials and chemical sciences to deliver shared software infrastructure to theresearch communities as part of the Exascale Computing Initiative.
o In partnership with other SC programs, establish at least one multi-disciplinary QIS center to promote basic
research early stage development to accelerate the advancement of QIS through vertical integration between
systems and theory and hardware and software.
o Continuing operation of BES user facilities below optimal levels: five x-ray light sources, two neutron scattering
sources, and five research centers for nanoscale science, as well as QIS research and related tools development.
o Support for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade project, the Advanced Light Source Upgrade (ALS-U) project, theLinac Coherent Light Source-II High Energy (LCLS-II-HE) project, the Proton Power Upgrade (PPU) project at the SNS,and the Second Target Station (STS) at SNS.
o Initial funding for two new Major Item of Equipment projects: the NSLS-II Experimental Tools-II (NEXT-II) project tocontinue the phased build-out of beamlines at NSLS-II, and the Nanoscale Science Research Centers Recapitalization
project.

•

Biological and Environmental Research
Biological and Environmental Research (BER) supports fundamental research to understand complex biological,
biogeochemical, and physical principles of natural systems at scales extending from the genome of microbes and plants
to the environmental and ecological processes at the scale of the planet Earth. BER decreases by $210.6 million, or 29.9
percent, below the FY 2019 Enacted level. The Request funds:
o Core research in biological systems science including the DOE Bioenergy Research Centers, using approaches such as
genome sequencing, secure biodesign, proteomics, metabolomics, structural biology, high-resolution imaging andcharacterization, and integration of information into computational models that can be iteratively tested and validated toadvance a predictive understanding of biological systems for use in security and clean, affordable, and realiable energy
for adaptation to industry, as well as contributing to QIS.
o Core research in earth and environmental systems science, with activities focused on scientific analysis and modelingof the sensitivity and uncertainty of Earth system predictions to atmospheric, cryospheric, oceanic, and biogeochemical
processes, with continued support of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model.
o Continuing operation of the three BER scientific user facilities: the Joint Genome Institute, the Atmospheric
Radiation Measurement Research Facility, and the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory.

•

Fusion Energy Sciences
Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) supports research to understand matter at very high temperatures and densities and to build
the scientific foundation needed to develop a fusion energy source. FES decreases by $161.3 million, or 28.6 percent, below
the FY 2019 Enacted level. The Request funds:
o The DIII-D program research and facility operations supports the study of high priority topics identified bycommunity research needs workshops.
o The National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade (NSTX-U) to implement repairs and corrective actions required
to obtain robust, reliable research operations, and enhanced collaborative research at other facilities to support
NSTX-U research program priorities.
o Research opportunities for U.S. scientists on overseas superconducting tokamaks and stellerators and other international
facilities with unique capabilities, enabled by U.S. hardware and intellectual contributions.

Budget in Brief

43

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

o
o
o
o

Support for research in high-energy-density laboratory plasma science, discovery plasma science, and SciDAC inpartnership with ASCR.
The U.S. Contribution to the ITER project focusing on the highest-priority First Plasma hardware components,
including the continued fabrication of the central solenoid superconducting magnet modules.
The Matter in Extreme Conditions Petawatt upgrade project will provide initial design funding for an experimental
research end-station that utilizes the Linac Coherent Light Source User Facility.
The Materials-Plasma Exposure eXperiment project, which will be a world-leading facility for dedicated studies of reactorrelevant heat and particle loads on fusion materials.

•

High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics (HEP) supports research to understand how the universe works at its most fundamental level by
discovering the most elementary constituents of matter and energy, probing the interactions among them, andexploring the basic nature of space and time. HEP decreases by $212.0 million, or 21.6 percent, below the FY 2019
Enacted level. The Request funds:o Research in QIS, which opens prospects for new capabilities in sensing, simulation, and computing. HEP activities
will be a part of a larger national effort involving interagency coordination of programs.
o Research in AI for machine learning and deep learning to address cross cut challenges across the HEP program incoordination with DOE investments in exascale computing and associated AI efforts.
o Core research activities, with priority in the physics of the Higgs boson, neutrinos, dark matter, dark energy, andexploring the unknown, and world-leading R&D that requires long-term investments, including General Accelerator
R&D, Detector R&D, Accelerator Stewardship, and Computational Physics.
o Facility Operations, Fermilab Accelerator Complex, Accelerator Test Facility, start of the Facility for Advanced
Accelerator Experimental Test II, and support to Sanford Underground Research Facility to meet DOE expectationsof reliable, efficient, and safe operations during the construction of Long Baseline Neutrino Facility/Deep
Underground Neutrino Experiment (LBNE/DUNE).
o The highest priority activities and projects identified by the high energy physics community to include strong
support for the LBNF/DUNE and the Proton Improvement Plan-II project that will provide the world’s highest
proton beam intensity of greater than 1.2 megawatts for LBNF/DUNE, which are hosted at the Fermi National
Accelerator Laboratory; and the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider Accelerator (LHC) and Compact Muon Solenoid
and A Toroidal LHC Apparatus Detector Upgrade projects with international partners.

•

Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Physics (NP) supports research to discover, explore, and understand all forms of nuclear matter. NP decreases
by $65.1 million or 9.4 percent, below the FY 2019 Enacted level. The Request funds:
o High priority world-class nuclear physics research in Quantum Chromodynamics, Nuclei and Nuclear Astrophysics,and Fundamental Symmetries at universities and laboratories and preserves critical core competencies. Support for
QIS efforts to enable precision NP measurements, development of quantum sensors based on atomic-nuclear
interactions, and development of quantum computing algorithms.
o Support for the DOE Isotope Program as it continues to introduce new medical isotopes for clinical trials and cancer
therapy.
o Operations of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider to study matter created moments after the “Big-Bang”; theContinuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility to continue the scientific program with the recently upgraded 12 GeV
machine to pursue opportunities for new discoveries and an improved understanding of quark confinement;
operations of the Argonne Tandem Linac Acceleratory System for compelling research in nuclear structure andastrophysics; and operations for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams(FRIB) to partially support the operational
optimization of accelerator components as they complete fabrication and commissioning on the project, and thetransition of some associated operational staff to the facility operations budget.
o Continues construction of FRIB at Michigan State University consistent with the performance baseline profile; FRIB will
provide world-leading capabilities for nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics.
o Initiation of engineering design of the United States Stable Isotope Production and Research Center at ORNL toincrease the domestic production capabilities of stable isotopes for scientific, industrial, national security, andmedical uses.
o Initial funding for the U.S. Based Electron Ion Collider to address high priority, critically needed accelerator R&D toretire high risk technical challenges.

Budget in Brief

44

FY 2020 Congressional Budget JustificationooSupport for the following ongoing major investments in new scientific equipment: the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking
Array MIE, which will enable provision of advanced, high resolution gamma ray detection capabilities for FRIB; theStable Isotope Production Facility MIE, which will provide increased domestic capability for production of criticallyneeded enriched stable isotopes, and reduce the nation’s dependency on foreign supply; the sPHENIX MIE, which
will have enhanced capabilities that will further RHIC’s scientific mission by studying high rate jet production.
Initial funding for three new MIEs: the Isotope Harvesting accelerator improvement project at FRIB, which will add
harvesting capabilities at FRIB; the Ton-scale Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay experiment to determine whether
the neutrino is its own antiparticle; and the Measurement of a Lepton-Lepton Electroweak Reaction (MOLLER),
which will measure the parity-violating asymmetry in electron-electron scattering with the 12 GeV CEBAF machine.

•

Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists
Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists (WDTS) ensures that DOE has the sustained pipeline of science,technology, engineering, and mathematics workers to meet national goals and objectives, now and in the future. WDTS
funding decreases by $3.0 million or 13.3 percent, below the FY 2019 Enacted level.

•

Science Laboratories Infrastructure
Science Laboratories Infrastructure (SLI) sustains mission-ready infrastructure and safe and environmentally responsible
operations by providing the infrastructure necessary to support leading edge research by the SC national laboratories. SLI
decreases by $69.3 million or 29.8 percent, below the FY 2019 Enacted level. The Request funds:o Five new construction projects: the Critical Utilities Rehabilitation Project at BNL; the Seismic and Safety Modernization at
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); the CEBAF Renovation and Expansion at Thomas Jefferson National
Accelerator Facility; the Craft Resouces Support Facility at ORNL; and the Large Scale Collaboration Center at SLAC.
o The continuation of six ongoing construction projects: the Science User Support Center at BNL; the Electrical Capacity andDistribution Capability project at ANL; the Translational Research Capability at ORNL; the Biological and Environmental
Program Integration Center (BioEPIC) at LBNL; the Energy Sciences Capability at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory(PNNL); and the Integrated Engineering Research Center at Fermilab.
o General purpose infrastructure projects that will address inadequate core infrastructure and utility needs; continued effort
to de-inventory, remove, and transfer nuclear material at Building 350, formerly the site of the New Brunswick Laboratoryon the ANL campus; the acquisition of previously leased real property on the PNNL campus; and support for Payment in
Lieu of Taxes, nuclear facilities at ORNL, and landlord responsibilities at the Oak Ridge Reservation.

•

Safeguards and Security
Safeguards and Security (S&S) program ensures appropriate security measures are in place to support the SC mission
requirement of open scientific research and to protect critical assets within SC national laboratories. S&S increases by$4.5 million or 4.3 percent, above the FY 2019 Enacted level. The Request funds:
o Support for the initial stages of implementation of the Design Basis Threat mandated physical security modifications at SC
laboratories, starting with highest priorities including the protection of personnel.

•

Science Program Direction
Program Direction (PD) supports the skilled and motivated Federal workforce that plans, develops, and oversees SC
investments in world-leading basic research and scientific user facilities, and provides critical oversight to ten of DOE’s
national laboratories. The FY 2020 Request remains the same as the FY 2019 Enacted level and funds Salaries andBenefits, Travel, Support Services, Other Related Expenses, and Working Capital Fund requirements.

Budget in Brief

45

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Environmental Management by Site
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Carlsbad/Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)
Idaho National Laboratory
Oak Ridge
Paducah
Portsmouth
RichlandRiver Protection
Savannah River
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Los Alamos National Laboratory
NevadaSandia National Laboratories
Separation Process Research Unit (SPRU)
West Valley Demonstration Project
Energy Technology Engineering Center
Moab
Other Sites
Headquarters Operations
Technology Development
Uranium/Thorium Reimbursement Program
Program Direction
Subtotal, Environmental Management by Site
Adjustments
Use of Prior Year Balances
Rescission of Prior Year Balances
Total, Environmental Management by Site

FY 2018
EnactedFY 2019
Enacted($K)
FY 2020
Request2,000
383,041446,043
639,771
273,156448,284
947,422
1,560,000
1,471,438
41,000101,175
220,000
60,1362,600
4,800
78,0989,000
37,884
14,88914,97935,00035,732300,000
7,126,448

20,456
403,487
443,200
646,281274,024475,806
954,097
1,573,000
1,551,014
35,00026,704220,000
60,1362,600
15,00078,133
11,00045,0004,889
12,97925,00011,000298,500
7,187,306

0398,334
347,654428,875
276,648425,987
718,098
1,392,460
1,642,509
0
129,727
195,462
60,737
2,652
15,30078,411
18,19935,693
4,987
12,9790
21,035278,908
6,484,655-20,456-5,153-95,546-217,406+2,624-49,819-235,999-180,540+91,495-35,000+103,023-24,538
+601
+52
+300
+278
+7,199-9,307+98
0-25,000+10,035-19,592-702,651-100.0%-1.3%-21.6%-33.6%+1.0%-10.5%-24.7%-11.5%+5.9%-100.0%+385.8%-11.2%
+1.0%
+2.0%
+2.0%
+0.4%
+65.4%-20.7%+2.0%
N/A-100.0%+91.2%
-6.6%
-9.8%

0
0
7,126,448-7,577-4,6007,175,1290-15,5626,469,093+7,577-10,962-706,036+100.0%-238.3%-9.8%

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$

Appropriation Overview
The Office of Environmental Management (EM) supports the Department of Energy (DOE) to meet the challenges of thenation’s Manhattan Project and Cold War legacy responsibilities. EM was established in 1989 and is responsible for thecleanup of millions of gallons of liquid radioactive waste, thousands of tons of spent (used) nuclear fuel and nuclear
materials, disposition of large volumes of transuranic and mixed/low- level waste, huge quantities of contaminated soil andwater, and deactivation and decommissioning of thousands of excess facilities. This environmental cleanup program resultsfrom six decades of nuclear weapons development and production and Government-sponsored nuclear energy research. It
involves some of the most dangerous materials known to mankind. To date, EM has completed cleanup activities at 91 sites
in 30 states and in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. EM is currently responsible for cleaning up the remaining 16 sites in
11 states.
Program Highlights• Savannah RiverIn FY 2020, much progress will be made on the treatment of high-level radioactive waste in tanks across the complex--one of EM's largest environmental challenges. At the Savannah River Site, the FY 2020 request supports general ramp
up of the Liquid Waste program in preparation for the initiation of radioactive operations of the Salt Waste Processing
Facility in FY 2020. Operation of this facility will significantly increase salt treatment capacity thus enabling increased
risk reduction by removing and treating the liquid waste currently in underground storage tanks. To this effect, theBudget in Brief

46

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

Savannah River Site will work on a dozen tanks to prepare required feed, implement 24/7 operation in the Saltstone
Facility, and complete final tie-ins. The Defense Waste Processing Facility will produce approximately 80-100 canistersof vitrified waste processed from tank waste and much work will be executed in support of regulatory commitmentswith the State of South Carolina. The FY 2020 request also supports continuing Saltstone Disposal Unit #7 cell
construction; completing design and initiating construction of Saltstone Disposal Units #8 and #9; and initiating designof Saltstone Disposal Units #10, #11, and #12. The FY 2020 request also supports the design and construction of theAdvanced Manufacturing Collaborative project, a modern research and development facility accessible by commercial
industry and academia.
The increase over the FY 2019 Enacted level is attributed to initiation of the Advanced Manufacturing Collaborative
Line Item Project, preparation work of older-style tanks for bulk waste removal efforts to make progress towards
operational closure and in support of feed preparation for Salt Waste Processing Facility and Defense Waste
Processing Facility, and increased support for Waste Acceptance Criteria assessments needed to enable shipments
to Waste Isolation Pilot Plant and Performance Assessment update of E Area.
•

Office of River Protection
The Department is working aggressively to complete and operate the treatment facilities to safely immobilize anddispose of tank waste at Hanford. This budget supports continued safe operations of the tank farms, and continued
construction, startup and commissioning of the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant’s Low-Activity Waste Facility,
Balance of Facilities, Effluent Management Facility and Analytical Laboratory. These facilities are integral to the
Department’s plan to begin treating Hanford low-activity tank waste by December 31, 2023, as required by the consent
decree.
The decrease from the FY 2019 Enacted level is consistent with the Department’s focus on accomplishing a Direct Feed
Low Activity Waste capability. In addition, the Department is now pursuing a two-phased approach to the Low-Activity
Waste Pretreatment System project involving an initial pretreatment strategy using a tank-side cesium removal system
to provide initial feed to support hot startup of the Low-Activity Waste Facility. The ongoing tank-side cesium removal
activities including a portion of the tank farms upgrades for direct-feed low-activity waste in FY 2020 will be performed
utilizing FY 2018 carry over funds.

•

RichlandThe Richland Operations Office manages all cleanup activities at Hanford not managed by the Office of River Protection,
while also providing site-wide services shared by the two offices. Cleanup activities include soil and groundwater
remediation, facility decontamination and decommissioning, stabilization and disposition of nuclear materials and spent
nuclear fuel, and disposition of waste other than the tank waste managed by the Office of River Protection. Richland’s
FY 2020 Request represents continued achievement of important cleanup progress required by the Tri-Party Agreement.
It will maintain Richland safe operations; provide Hanford site-wide services; continue groundwater remediation;
operate waste management facilities; support the construction project for dry storage of the cesium and strontium
capsules, and continue remediation of the highly contaminated 300-296 waste site under the 324 Building.
The decrease from the FY 2019 Enacted level reflects completion of the decommissioning and demolition activities of the
Plutonium Finishing Plant facilities to slab-on-grade, completion of PUREX Tunnel #2, and, and completion of transfer ofsludge off the Columbia River to T Plant in the Central Plateau. The decrease also reflects a shift in priorities within theEnvironmental Management Program to focus on near term completions and higher risk scope at other sites as well as
the anticipated availability of prior year funds.

•

Oak Ridge
At Oak Ridge the FY 2020 budget request supports the ongoing cleanup effort at the East Tennessee Technology Park,
investment in mercury characterization and remediation technologies, and continued preparations for Critical Decision2/3 approval and continued planning for construction of the Outfall 200 Mercury Treatment Facility at the Y-12
National Security Complex.

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47

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

The decrease from the FY 2019 Enacted level is attributed to funding received in FY 2019 to address critical deferred
maintenance at ORNL and to address excess facilities in the Central Campus area, ramp up Outfall 200 Mercury
Treatment Facility construction activities and to accelerate preliminary design activities of the On Site Waste Disposal
Facility, and completion of major nuclear facility cleanup activities at the East Tennessee Technology Park.
•

Idaho
At the Idaho Site, the FY 2020 funding completes buried waste retrieval activities under the Accelerated Retrieval
Project, and initiates accelerated decontamination and decommissioning of the Accelerated Retrieval Project structures
facilitating the capping of the Subsurface Disposal Area. The request also supports initiation of Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act closure of the Advance Mixed Waste Treatment Project allowing for decontamination,
decommissioning and demolition of the treatment facility. FY 2020 funding continues certification and shipping ofcontact-handled transuranic waste to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, and continues transfers of spent nuclear fuelelements from wet to dry storage to meet the 2023 milestone. The funding request supports operation of theIntegrated Waste Treatment Unit to process sodium bearing waste.
The decrease from the FY 2019 Enacted level is attributed to completion of Outage J at Integrated Waste Treatment
Unit and completion of treatment and characterization of all Contact-Handled Transuranic Non-Sludge waste atAdvanced Mixed Waste Treatment Plant in FY 2019.

•

Carlsbad
The Carlsbad Field Office is responsible for managing the National Transuranic Waste Program and the Waste Isolation
Pilot Plant (WIPP), the Nation's only mined geologic repository for the permanent disposal of defense-generated
transuranic waste. The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant FY 2020 request supports disposal facility operations, regulatory andenvironmental compliance actions, continued progress on the line-item capital asset projects and significant
investments in infrastructure that will focus on repairing and replacing the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant’s degradedfacility structures.

•

Paducah
The Paducah site is responsible for a multifaceted portfolio of processing and cleanup activities. The site operates one oftwo depleted uranium hexafluoride (DUF6) conversion facilities in the EM portfolio, with the Paducah facility expected tocontinue operations for approximately thirty years. Additionally, Paducah manages high-priority groundwater
remediation; deactivation and decommissioning of excess facilities; and disposition of mixed and low-level waste. ThisFY 2020 Budget Request supports activities to continue environmental remediation and to further stabilize the gaseous
diffusion plant. The stabilization activities include non-destructive assay characterization, activities to remove
hazardous
The increase from the FY 2019 Enacted level supports safety-related plant modifications needed for continued
operations of four lines at the Depleted Uranium Hexafluoride Conversion Facility and the radiological characterizationand deposit removal in C-331 and C-333 Process Buildings.

•

Portsmouth
The FY 2020 budget supports the continued decontamination and decommissioning of the Portsmouth Gaseous
Diffusion Plant, including the design and construction of an on-site waste disposal facility for disposition of waste fromthe future demolition of the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant facilities. The FY 2020 budget also supports further
stabilization of the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant facilities; as well as continued operations of the Depleted Uranium
Hexafluoride Conversion facilities at Portsmouth and Paducah.
The decrease from the FY 2019 Enacted level reflects an offset by the resumption of uranium transfers (barter) needed
to continue deactivation of the second Process building (X-333).

•

Los Alamos National Laboratory
FY 2020 activities will continue to focus on surface and groundwater management at the Los Alamos National
Laboratory. The Chromium Plume Control Interim Measure to control migration of a hexavalent chromium plume

Budget in Brief48

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

beneath Mortandad and Sandia Canyons will continue. Additionally Plume-Center Characterization activities willcontinue to investigate and develop corrective measures for remediation of the hexavalent chromium plume, andinitiating design of the proposed remedies. Activities also include planning and execution for removal of Los Alamos
National Laboratory transuranic waste stored at the Waste Control Specialists facility.
The decrease from the FY 2019 Enacted level reflects operational capabilities at the WIPP and aboveground inventory
restrictions.
•

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
The FY 2020 budget request supports the completion of decommissioning and demolition activities of the B280 PoolType Reactor and commencement of decommissioning and demolition activities of subsequent High Risk excess
facilities.
The increase from the FY 2019 enacted level reflects funding needed to complete the decontamination anddecommissioning of the B280 Pool Type Reactor and commence decontamination and decommissioning activities on
additional identified High Risk excess facilities.

Budget in Brief49

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

LEGACY MANAGEMENTFY 2018
EnactedLegacy Management
Legacy Management
Program Direction
Total, Legacy Management

137,674
16,932
154,606

FY 2019
Enacted140,575
18,302
158,877($K)
FY 2020
Request283,767
19,262
303,029

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$+143,192+960+144,152+101.9%+5.2%+90.7%

Appropriation Overview
Legacy Management (LM) ensures the long-term protection of human health and the environment after site cleanup iscompleted. LM’s responsibilities include DOE Environmental Management closure sites, former uranium mills, sites
remediated as part of the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP), and selected sites conveyed to DOE
under other authorities. LM also funds the pensions and post-retirement benefits for former contractor personnel aftersite closure.
LM provides funding for Long-Term Surveillance and Maintenance (LTS&M), Archives and Information Management (AIM),
Pensions and Benefits Continuity, Asset Management, Environmental Justice (EJ), Communication, Education, and Outreach(CEO), and Program Direction.
Program Highlights
The majority of LM’s activities are long term and focus on maintaining the Department’s legal, regulatory, community, andcontractual commitments. Management of closure site activities by LM enables other DOE programs to focus on risk
reduction and site closure. By the end of FY 2020, LM expects to have responsibility for long-term management of 103
sites. LM’s functions span both physical and human resources. In the physical environment, LM conducts long-term
surveillance and maintenance of environmental remedies (e.g., groundwater monitoring and disposal cell maintenance) toprotect human health and the environment. For each site, LM maintains both the physical and electronic records andresponds to over 1,800 requests for information each year. LM is responsible for the pension plan contributions and postretirement benefits (e.g., medical and life insurance) for former contractor workers from seven sites. In addition, LM
manages the sites’ natural resources, promotes reuse, including transfer of sites to external parties; engages the public andperforms outreach; supports an interagency agreement to address abandoned uranium mines; is responsible for the
Department’s Uranium Leasing Program. The Budget Request includes $141,000,000 to support the reform proposal toconsolidate funding for Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) in LM with the U.S. Army Corps ofEngineers (USACE) continuing to conduct the work. Program management of FUSRAP will return to DOE. USACE willcontinue to conduct cleanup of FUSRAP sites on a reimbursable basis. Consolidating cleanup programs under a single
agency will allow the U.S. Department of Energy to consider the full range of cleanup responsibilities in prioritizing work
each fiscal year.

Budget in Brief50

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

NATIONAL NUCLEAR SECURITY ADMINISTRATION

National Nuclear Security Administration
Federal Salaries and Expenses
Weapons Activities
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
Naval Reactors 1
Total, National Nuclear Security Administration

FY 2018
EnactedFY 2019
Enacted($K)
FY 2020
Request407,595
10,642,138
1,999,219
1,620,000
14,668,952

410,000
11,100,000
1,930,000
1,788,618
15,228,618

434,699+24,699 +6.0%
12,408,603 +1,308,603 +11.8%
1,993,302+63,302 +3.3%
1,648,396-140,222 -7.8%
16,485,000 +1,256,382 +8.3%`

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$

1

Amounts do not refl ect the tra ns fer of fundi ng to the Offi ce of Nucl ea r Energy for ma i ntena nce a nd opera ti on of the Adva nced
Tes t Rea ctor i n FY 2018 a nd FY 2019.

Appropriation Overview
The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) FY 2020 Budget Request is $16,485,000,000, an increase of$1,256,382,000 (8 percent) above the FY 2019 Enacted level to fund NNSA’s mission to support the security and safety of
our nation. NNSA’s FY 2020 Budget Request pursues five major national security endeavors: (1) maintain a safe, secure,and effective nuclear weapons stockpile; (2) reduce global nuclear threats; (3) strengthen key science, technology andengineering capabilities; (4) design and maintain safe and effective nuclear propulsion for the U.S. Navy; and (5) modernize
the Nuclear Security infrastructure. The Request also supports efforts in the Administration’s Government Reform Plan tocreate a lean, accountable, more efficient government; effectively and efficiently deliver NNSA programs; and align the
NNSA Federal workforce to meet the needs of today and the future.
Program Highlights
The NNSA Federal Salaries and Expenses (FSE) FY 2020 Budget Request is $434,699,000, a $24,699,000 (6 percent) increase
above FY 2019 Enacted.
The Weapons Activities (WA) FY 2020 Budget Request is $12,408,603,000, a $1,308,603,000 (12 percent) increase above FY
2019 Enacted.
The Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation (DNN) FY 2020 Budget Request is $1,993,302,000, a $63,302,000 (3 percent)increase above FY 2019 Enacted.
The Naval Reactors (NR) FY 2020 Budget Request is $1,648,396,000, a $140,222,000 (8 percent) decrease from FY 2019
Enacted.
Major Outyear Priorities and Assumptions
NNSA’s FYNSP topline for FY 2021 – FY 2024 is $69.3 billion, maintaining stable and consistent funding that is key to thecurrent and future nuclear strategy and enterprise. This Request supports the modernization efforts and the scientific tools
necessary to execute the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review. The Request continues to modernize America’s nuclear stockpile
and infrastructure, and the underlying science that supports strategic decisions and certification of the stockpile, as detailed
in the annual Stockpile Stewardship and Management Plan (SSMP). The Request supports the U.S Navy’s nuclear fleet
through safe and effective integrated nuclear propulsion systems. The Request also supports the nonproliferation goals
outlined in NNSA’s Prevent, Counter, and Respond—A Strategic Plan to Reduce Global Nuclear Threats (NPCR).

Budget in Brief

51

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

FEDERAL SALARIES AND EXPENSES – NNSA

National Nuclear Security Administration
NNSA Federal Salaries and Expenses
Federal Salaries and Expenses
Total, NNSA Federal Salaries and Expenses

FY 2018
Enacted($K)
FY 2020
FY 2019
RequestEnacted407,595
407,595

410,000
410,000

434,699434,699

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$+24,699+24,699

+6.0%
+6.0%

Appropriation Overview
NNSA Federal Salaries and Expense (FSE) funds recruiting, training, and retention of Federal staff to perform program andproject management and oversight of approximately $14.4 billion in Weapons Activities and Defense Nuclear
Nonproliferation funding across the nuclear security enterprise. The FY 2020 Budget Request for FSE provides for thesalaries and benefits of 1,753 Federal Full-time Equivalents (FTEs), space and occupancy needs, travel costs, support service
contractors, training, and other related expenses. Seventy-five percent of FSE funds are for Federal salaries and benefits.
The NNSA workforce consists of a diverse cadre of engineers, project managers, scientists, foreign affairs specialists, andhighly technical support staff that perform program and project management and appropriate oversight of the national
security missions related to the safety, security, and effectiveness of the nuclear weapons stockpile; supporting the nuclear
modernization program; nuclear nonproliferation efforts; emergency response; safeguards and security oversight; strategic
coordination of counterterrorism and counter-proliferation initiatives; and safe, secure, and compliant facilities andinfrastructure. The workforce is also composed of mission support staff in information technology and cybersecurity,
technical program management, corporate project management, procurement and contract management, safety andhealth, cost estimating and program evaluation, financial management, human capital management, and legal services.
FSE funds Federal staff geographically located in Washington, DC; Germantown, Maryland; Albuquerque, New Mexico; andat seven Federal field offices: Kansas City Field Office (Missouri); Lawrence Livermore Field Office (California); Los Alamos
Field Office (New Mexico); Nevada Field Office (Nevada); NNSA Production Office (Texas and Tennessee); Sandia Field Office(New Mexico); and Savannah River Field Office (South Carolina).
NNSA’s FSE also funds 15 employees in foreign countries through the Department’s Working Capital Fund overseas
presence business line. NNSA supervises both Federal employees and locally employed staff, and reimburses the
Department of State for International Cooperative Administrative Support Services and Capital Security Cost Sharing
charges.
Program Highlights
The $434,699,000 request reflects a $24,699,000 (6 percent) increase above the FY 2019 Enacted level. The increase
supports 63 additional FTEs and additional funding for the Department’s Working Capital Fund in the Building Occupancy
business line.
The NNSA workforce is critical to the success of the Nation’s nuclear security enterprise. NNSA must have sufficient people,
with the right capabilities, to ensure NNSA can modernize the nuclear deterrent, recapitalize an aging infrastructure, andcontinue to meet the requirements of nonproliferation and counterterrorism programs. Meeting NNSA’s growing mission
requirements, as described in the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review, requires an aggressive hiring strategy for the next several
years. In FY 2020, NNSA will implement a hiring plan based upon two staffing studies, independently conducted andreported in FY 2018 by the Office of Personnel Management and the NNSA Office of Cost Estimating and Program
Evaluation. These studies identified the need to significantly increase NNSA Federal staffing above the 1,690 FTE ceiling
required in the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013, as amended.

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FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

WEAPONS ACTIVITIES – NNSA

National Nuclear Security Administration
Weapons Activities
Directed Stockpile Work
ScienceEngineering
Inertial Confinement Fusion Ignition and High Yield
Advanced Simulation and Computing
Advanced Manufacturing Development
Infrastructure and Operations
Secure Transportation Asset
Defense Nuclear Security
Information Technology and Cybersecurity
Legacy Contractor Pensions
Subtotal, Weapons Activities
Use of Prior Year Balances
Total, Weapons Activities

FY 2018
EnactedFY 2019
Enacted($K)
FY 2020
Request4,009,447
474,524
183,123544,934
746,244
85,5403,117,803
291,168
770,577
186,728
232,050
10,642,138
0
10,642,138

4,658,266
480,484
190,123544,934
717,119
81,5583,087,852
278,639
690,638
221,175
162,292
11,113,080-13,080
11,100,000

5,426,357+768,091 +16.5%
586,561+106,077 +22.1%
233,954+43,831 +23.1%
480,595-64,339 -11.8%
839,849+122,730 +17.1%
136,908+55,350 +67.9%
3,208,442+120,590+3.9%
317,162+38,523 +13.8%
778,213+87,575 +12.7%
309,362+88,187 +39.9%
91,200-71,092 -43.8%
12,408,603 +1,295,523 +11.7%
0+13,080 +100.0%
12,408,603 +1,308,603 +11.8%

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$

Appropriation Overview
Programs funded in the Weapons Activities (WA) appropriation support the Nation's safe, secure, and effective nuclear
deterrent including the supporting infrastructure of science, technology, and engineering capabilities. Weapons Activities
provides for the maintenance and refurbishment of nuclear weapons to continue sustained confidence in their safety,
reliability, and performance; investment in scientific, engineering, and manufacturing capabilities for certification of theenduring nuclear weapons stockpile; and manufacture of nuclear weapon components. Weapons Activities also provides
for maintenance and investment in the NNSA nuclear complex to be more responsive and cost effective. This work is donein partnership with the Department of Defense (DoD).
NNSA’s laboratories, plants, and sites employ approximately 39,000 people, primarily at eight geographical sites, to execute
these programs managed by a Federal workforce composed of civilian and military staff. Additional details about these
programs will be included in the FY 2020 SSMP.
The FY 2020 request reflects an 11.8% increase above the FY 2019 Enacted level, and supports the current stockpile, life
extension programs (LEP), modernization efforts, and the scientific tools necessary for these efforts. This scope isconsistent with the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review. FY 2020 funding increases are requested in a number of areas.
Program Highlights• Directed Stockpile Work (DSW)DSW encompasses activities that support the nuclear weapons stockpile. These activities include maintenance andsurveillance; planned refurbishment; reliability assessment; weapon dismantlement and disposition; and research,development, and certification of technology efforts to meet stockpile requirements and strategic materials.
Requested increases in LEPs and major alterations (Alt) support continued execution of development engineering for
the W80-4 LEP at a funding level consistent with Weapon Design and Cost Report, and the Feasibility Study & Design
Options for the W87-1 Modification (formerly IW-1) to remain aligned with DoD. The Request also includes increases
in Stockpile Systems and Services to ensure these activities remain aligned to DoD modernization plans, to meet the2018 Nuclear Posture Review requirements for sustaining the B83, conducting a Sea-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM)
study, continuing technology developments for future weapon systems, and to maintain and modernize the basecapabilities for hydrodynamic and subcritical experiments. The Request includes increases for Strategic Materials tomeet future pit production requirements, support uranium down-blending activities, and reduce operational risk ofmaterial storage.

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FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification•

Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (RDT&E)
RDT&E develops and maintains critical capabilities, tools, and processes needed to support science-based stockpile
stewardship, refurbishment, and continued certification of the stockpile without the use of underground nuclear
explosive testing. The FY 2020 Request supports the recapitalization of NNSA’s plutonium experimental capabilities via
the Enhanced Capabilities for Subcritical Experiments program. The Advanced Simulation and Computing funding
supports exascale projects and accommodates the infrastructure demands of these next-generation computing
platforms. Exascale projects improve NNSA weapons design, stockpile stewardship and certification capabilities, andensure the United States maintains leadership in high-performance simulations capabilities. The increase in Science
supports additional confirmatory and subcritical experiments for stockpile stewardship. The increase in Engineering
supports weapon-aging assessments, experimental test facilities for future delivery systems and environments,
enhanced threat survivability, critical surety technologies, and stockpile responsiveness. The increase in Advanced
Manufacturing Development supports NNSA’s ability to modernize obsolete materials or processes and increase
production capacity and efficiencies across the enterprise.

•

Infrastructure and Operations (I&O)
I&O maintains, operates, and modernizes the NNSA infrastructure in a safe, secure, and cost-effective manner tosupport program results while maximizing return on investment and reducing enterprise risk. The program also plans,
prioritizes, and constructs state-of-the-art facilities, infrastructure, and scientific tools. For FY 2020, funding willcontinue the stabilization of deferred maintenance, execute Recapitalization projects to improve the condition andextend the design life of structures, capabilities, and systems to meet program demands; decrease overall operating
costs; and reduce safety, security, environmental, and program risk. The Request reflects an increase to continue thelong-term effort to modernize NNSA infrastructure, improve working conditions of NNSA’s aging facilities andequipment, and address safety and programmatic risks. The Request includes increases for Operations of Facilities tosupport programmatic schedules and Capability Based Investments to develop three new programmatic construction
projects, continue the conceptual design for the Material Staging Facility, and to provide program specific equipment
recapitalization supporting LEPs. These increases are largely offset by a decrease to Maintenance and Repair ofFacilities for maintenance to catch up to significant increases in appropriated funding. The program will continue toaddress stabilization of deferred maintenance and improve the condition of NNSA infrastructure.
The request for Construction includes increased funding for the Uranium Processing Facility per the project execution
plan and efforts to phase out mission dependency on the existing aged facility. Increased Construction funding will also
allow the High Explosive Science & Engineering Facility to complete design and fund the construction phase of the
project that will update the current 60 year old facilities at Pantex to meet current codes and standards and program
needs. Funding is also included for the Radiological Laboratory, Utility and Office Building (RLUOB) Equipment
Installation Phase 2 (REI2) and PF-4 Equipment Installation, Phase 1 (PEI1) subprojects of the Chemistry and Metallurgy
Research Replacement (CMRR) project, the U1a Complex Enhancements Project, the Lithium Processing Facility, theTritium Finishing Facility, the 138kV Power Transmission System Replacement project, and Emergency Operations
Centers at Sandia National Laboratories and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory .
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 directed the creation of the Infrastructure Modernization
Initiative (IMI) program, which NNSA initiated in December 2017. The IMI will use the current budget structure withemphasis on the Recapitalization: Infrastructure & Safety and Maintenance and Repair of Facilities programs. The
initial plan was transmitted to Congress in September 2018.

•

Secure Transportation Asset (STA)
STA supports the safe, secure movement of nuclear weapons, special nuclear material, and weapon components. The
Program Direction in this account provides for the secure transportation workforce, including Federal agents. The
pillars of the STA security concept are specialized vehicles to include highly secure trailers, well trained agents, androbust communication systems. In FY 2020, funding increase supports development of the Mobile Guardian Transport
Test Article 1 head-on impact crash test, Test Article 2 assembly (for future side impact crash test), and the PreProduction Unit Rolling Chassis Manufacturing Readiness Review. In addition, the FY 2020 funding supports efforts torestore Federal Agent strength levels required to meet the STA mission capacity and deferred maintenance and minor
construction projects of existing facilities at STA’s training facility in Ft. Smith, Arkansas. Projects planned include adrive track/skid pad, extension of a multi-use range, expansion of the Physical Training/Intermediate Use of Forcebuilding, and construction of a range classroom.

Budget in Brief

54

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

•

Defense Nuclear Security (DNS)
DNS provides protection for NNSA personnel, facilities, nuclear weapons, and materials from a full spectrum of threats,ranging from minor security incidents to acts of terrorism. In addition, DNS provides nuclear security expertise for abroad set of 21st century national security needs, such as those in defense nuclear nonproliferation, homeland
security, and intelligence. Employing more than 1,500 protective force officers, DNS secures more than 4,400 buildings
and protects more than 57,000 personnel. The FY 2020 Request includes funding to fill positions in key security
program areas at the sites, including protective forces, physical security systems, information security, technicalsecurity, personnel security, nuclear material control and accountability, and security program operations andplanning; supports sustaining implementation and operation of counter unmanned aircraft systems at sites possessing
Category I special nuclear material; and supports efforts to begin implementation of the Design Basis Threat policy. It
also includes funding for critical Security Infrastructure Revitalization Program projects, which address high-priority
security systems and related security infrastructure and equipment refresh needs.

•

Information Technology (IT) and Cybersecurity
NNSA’s Office for Information Management provides a range of IT and Cybersecurity support functions, and activities
and manages cybersecurity operations and program areas within NNSA’s laboratories, plants, and sites. The program
executes and coordinates Public Key Infrastructure and other Committee on National Security Systems requirements,and leverages IT Modernization efforts across the NNSA nuclear security enterprise to increase the efficiency and costeffectiveness of NNSA IT services consistent with the DOE Strategies. The FY 2020 request enables the continuation of
integration and coordination of cybersecurity and IT support activities and functions throughout the nuclear security
enterprise and provides continuity of operations for NNSA’s critical information technology assets. Increased funding isrequested for the continued recapitalization of the Enterprise Secure Network, modernization of the Federal and site
Cybersecurity infrastructure, and the continuation of modernization efforts for classified and unclassified IT
environments.

Budget in Brief

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FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

DEFENSE NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION – NNSA

National Nuclear Security Administration
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Programs
Material Management and Minimization
Global Material Security
Nonproliferation and Arms Control
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation R&D
Nonproliferation Construction
Subtotal, Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Programs
Nuclear Counterterrorism and Incident Response Program
Legacy Contractor Pensions
Subtotal, Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
Use of Prior Year Balances
Rescission of Prior Year Balances
Total, Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation

FY 2018
EnactedFY 2019
Enacted($K)
FY 2020
Request308,594
390,108
134,703556,504
335,000
1,724,909
282,360
40,9502,048,219
0-49,000
1,999,219

293,794
407,108
129,703575,570
220,000
1,626,175
319,185
28,6401,974,000-25,000-19,000
1,930,000

333,533
342,350
137,267
495,357
299,000
1,607,507
372,095
13,7001,993,302
001,993,302

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$+39,739-64,758+7,564-80,213+79,000-18,668+52,910-14,940+19,302+25,000+19,000+63,302+13.5%-15.9%+5.8%-13.9%+35.9%-1.1%+16.6%-52.2%+1.0%+100.0%+100.0%+3.3%

Appropriation Overview
NNSA helps keep America safe by: preventing adversaries from acquiring nuclear weapons or weapons-usable materials,
technology, and expertise; countering efforts to acquire such weapons or materials; and responding to nuclear orradiological accidents and incidents domestically and abroad. NNSA’s programs share the United States’ experience inmanaging special nuclear materials with partners around the world to achieve international nonproliferation andcounterterrorism goals. NNSA uses the knowledge and infrastructure that underpins the stockpile stewardship program fora range of nonproliferation missions, from assessing foreign weapons programs and potential terrorist devices to managing
the proliferation risks posed by civil nuclear applications. By limiting the number of nuclear-capable states and preventing
terrorist access to materials and technology that can threaten the United States and its allies, NNSA plays an important rolein enhancing global stability and constrains the range of potential threats facing the nation, our allies and partners.
This appropriation funds the core Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation (DNN) program and the Nuclear Counterterrorism andIncident Response (NCTIR) program. DNN and NCTIR have a primary role in the United States’ approach for reducing
nuclear security risks. These two programs, as part of a whole-of-government approach, provide policy and technicalleadership to prevent or limit the spread of materials, technology, and expertise related to weapons of mass destruction(WMD); develop technologies to detect nuclear proliferation; secure or eliminate inventories of nuclear weapons-relatedmaterials and infrastructure; and ensure technically trained teams and state-of-the-art equipment are prepared to respondto any nuclear or radiological emergency domestically or abroad. DNN’s efforts reduce the danger that hostile nations or
terrorist groups may acquire nuclear devices, radiological dispersal devices, weapons-usable material, nuclear and dual-use
commodities and technology, or nuclear-related expertise. DNN’s missions are interconnected with NNSA’s Weapons
Activities and Naval Nuclear Propulsion efforts to meet the priorities outlined in the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review. The
President’s 2017 National Security Strategy, the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review, and the National Strategy for Countering
WMD Terrorism reinforce the important work of NNSA’s nonproliferation programs, including committing to “augment
measures to secure, eliminate, and prevent the spread of WMD and related materials.”
These activities are carried out within a dynamic global security environment, as described in NNSA’s annual NPCR.
This environment is characterized by the persistent threat of state and non-state actors seeking to obtain nuclear andradiological materials; state actors potentially undermining arms control agreements and nonproliferation regimes;
increased risk of the availability of nuclear and radiological materials as a result of the global expansion of nuclear power
and possible spread of fuel cycle technology; increased opportunities for illicit nuclear material trafficking and sophisticatedprocurement networks; and technology advances that may shorten nuclear weapon development timelines and complicate
nuclear safeguards and security missions.

Budget in Brief

56

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

Program Highlights• Material Management and Minimization (M3)M3 programs minimize and, when possible, eliminate weapons-usable nuclear material around the world to achieve
permanent threat reduction. The FY 2020 Budget Request funds the conversion or shut-down of research reactors andisotope production facilities that use high enriched uranium (HEU), support of non-HEU-based Molybdenum-99 (Mo99) production facilities in the United States, removal and disposal of weapons-usable nuclear material, continuation ofactivities to implement the dilute and dispose strategy for plutonium disposition, and downblending of HEU.
•

Global Material Security (GMS)
Global Material Security (GMS) directly contributes to national security efforts to reduce global nuclear security
threats. The FY 2020 Budget Request focuses on preventing terrorists and other actors from obtaining nuclear andradioactive material to use in an improvised nuclear device or a radiological dispersal device; work with partnercountries to improve the security of vulnerable materials and facilities; and efforts to improve partners’ capacity todetect, disrupt, and investigate illicit trafficking of nuclear and radioactive materials.

•

Nonproliferation and Arms Control (NPAC)
NPAC works to prevent the proliferation of WMD by state and non-state actors. The FY 2020 Budget Request funds
efforts to develop and implement programs and strategies to strengthen international nuclear safeguards; control the
spread of dual-use WMD material, equipment, technology, and expertise; verify nuclear reductions and compliancewith nonproliferation and arms control treaties and agreements; and address enduring and emerging nonproliferation
and arms control challenges and opportunities.

•

Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Research and Development (DNN R&D)
DNN R&D drives the innovation of U.S. technical capabilities to detect nuclear detonations; foreign nuclear weapons
programs’ activities; and the presence, movement, or diversion of special nuclear materials. To meet national anddepartmental nuclear security requirements, DNN R&D leverages the unique facilities and scientific skills of DOE/NNSA,
academia, and industry to perform research, conduct technology demonstrations, develop prototypes, and produce
and deliver sensors for integration into operational systems. The FY 2020 Budget Request includes planned activities
for early detection of proliferation-related R&D and continued production of nuclear detonation detection satellite
payloads. The Request also supports efforts toward establishing a nonproliferation stewardship initiative to build andsustain requisite technical competencies, based on enabling infrastructure, science and technology, and workforce
expertise, that are needed to support policymakers and future nonproliferation missions.

•Nonproliferation Construction
Nonproliferation Construction consolidates construction costs for DNN projects. The FY 2020 Budget Request supports
the continuation of termination activities for the Mixed-Oxide Fuel Fabrication Facility project and continues to pursue
the dilute and dispose strategy. The request will support the continuation of preliminary design for the Surplus
Plutonium Disposition (SPD) project, as well as long lead procurements. The SPD project will add additional glovebox
capacity at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina to accelerate plutonium dilution and aid in the removal ofplutonium from the State of South Carolina.

•

Nuclear Counterterrorism and Incident Response (NCTIR)
NCTIR includes the Counterterrorism and Counterproliferation (CTCP) subprogram, which applies the unique technicalexpertise from the NNSA’s nuclear security enterprise to prepare for, prevent, mitigate, and respond to a nuclear orradiological incident domestically or abroad, providing technical advice to DoD; the Federal Bureau of Investigation;other interagency and international partners; and state and local organizations in support of nuclear
counterproliferation, nuclear counterterrorism, nuclear incident response, and nuclear forensics. NCTIR also includes
the Emergency Operations subprogram, which is responsible for administering and directing the implementation andintegration of emergency management programs across the Department. The Emergency Operations subprogram
further ensures a comprehensive and integrated approach to emergency management, including planning, mitigation,
preparedness, response, and recovery. Together these programs ensure that DOE/NNSA will be ready to respondpromptly, efficiently, and effectively to any emergency involving or affecting National equities worldwide by applying
the necessary resources to mitigate impacts, respond to consequences, and protect workers, the public, theenvironment, and national security.

Budget in Brief

57

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

NAVAL REACTORS – NNSA

National Nuclear Security Administration
Naval Reactors
Naval Reactors Operations and Infrastructure
Naval Reactors Development
S8G Prototype Refueling
Columbia -Class Reactor Systems Development
Program Direction
Construction
Total, Naval Reactors1

FY 2018
EnactedFY 2019
Enacted($K)
FY 2020
Request466,884
473,065
250,000
156,700
47,651
225,700
1,620,000

525,764
514,951
250,000
138,000
48,709311,194
1,788,618

553,591
531,205
155,000
75,50050,500282,600
1,648,396

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$+27,827 +5.3%+16,254 +3.2%-95,000 -38.0%-62,500 -45.3%+1,791 +3.7%-28,594 -9.2%-140,222 -7.8%

1

Amounts do not refl ect the tra ns fer of funds to the Offi ce of Nucl ea r Energy for ma i ntena nce a nd opera ti on of the Adva nced Tes t
Rea ctor i n FY 2018 a nd FY 2019.

Appropriation Overview
Naval Reactors’ (NR) activities play a critical leadership role in meeting the goal to design and maintain safe and effective
integrated nuclear propulsion systems for the U.S. Navy. The Naval Reactors program has responsibility for all naval nuclear
propulsion work, from reactor plant technology development and design, continuing through reactor plant operation andmaintenance, and ending with reactor plant disposal.
Program Highlights
Funding for the program supports continued safe and reliable operation of the Navy's nuclear-powered fleet (68submarines, 11 aircraft carriers, and 4 research, development, and training platforms), constituting approximately 45
percent of the Navy's major vessels. The Program's development work consists of refining and improving existing
technology to ensure that the U.S. Navy's nuclear propulsion plants are increasingly efficient and effective and will becapable of meeting future threats to national security.
In addition to supporting the existing nuclear fleet, Naval Reactors has three major DOE initiatives: the Columbia-Class
Reactor Systems Development, the Land-based S8G Prototype Refueling Overhaul, and the Spent Fuel Handling
Recapitalization Project.
Naval Reactors supports the President’s 2017 National Security Strategy with the continued development of the reactor
plant system for the Columbia-Class submarine and stewardship of naval nuclear infrastructure. Ensuring the continuity ofa sea-based strategic deterrent, the FY 2020 Budget Request provides for the research, design, and development of thereactor plant system for the Columbia-Class submarine, to include the development of a life-of-ship reactor core. The FY
2020 Request further provides funding for the refueling and overhaul of the Land-based S8G Prototype reactor, a criticalresearch and development asset for the long-term. Lastly, the Spent Fuel Handling Recapitalization Project will ensure thecontinued capability to refuel and defuel aircraft carriers and submarines, which is critical to maintaining the nuclear fleet's
operational availability for national security missions.
•

Naval Reactors Operations and Infrastructure
The FY 2020 Request will support facility and systems maintenance and regulatory requirements across the Program’s
four DOE sites, environmental remediation, and necessary general plant projects and capital equipment to recapitalize
aging infrastructure and equipment.

•

Naval Reactors Development
The FY 2020 Request will support the Advanced Test Reactor at the Idaho National Laboratory in Idaho Falls, Idaho,
reactor core material development, radioactive test and evaluation efforts, and reactor core examinations.

Budget in Brief

58

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

•

S8G Prototype Refueling
The decrease from FY 2019 Enacted levels is consistent with the planned project profile and supports refueling
overhaul execution.

•

Columbia-Class Reactor Systems Development
The decrease from FY 2019 Enacted levels is consistent with the planned project profile and supports FY 2020
production, analysis, and testing execution.

•

Construction
The decrease from FY 2019 Enacted levels is in accordance with NR’s program of record, as detailed in the Ten-Year
Facilities Plan and supports construction ramp-up for the Spent Fuel Handling Recapitalization Project.

•

Program Direction
The FY 2020 Request places Naval Reactors in a position to execute its mission and provide Federal oversight of the
program’s DOE laboratories.

Budget in Brief59

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

DEPARTMENTAL ADMINISTRATION
FY 2018
EnactedDepartmental Administration
Office of the Secretary
Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs
Chief Financial Officer
Economic Impact and Diversity
Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs 1
Chief Information Officer
Other Departmental Administration
Management
Project Management Oversight and Assessments
Chief Human Capital Officer
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization
General Counsel
Energy Policy and Systems Analysis 2
Office of Policy
International Affairs 3
Public Affairs
Office of Technology Transitions
Subtotal, Other Departmental Administration
Strategic Partnership Projects (SPP)
Subtotal, Departmental Administration (Gross)
Adjustments
Use of Prior Year Balances
Defense-Related Administrative Support
Subtotal, Departmental Administration
Miscellaneous Revenues
Revenues Associated with SPP
Other Revenues
Subtotal, Miscellaneous Revenues
Total, Departmental Administration (Net)FY 2019
Enacted($K)
FY 2020
RequestFY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted
%
$

5,300
6,200
48,484
10,16918,000126,274

5,395
6,200
48,912
10,1690131,624

5,119
5,895
52,0009,494
0124,554-276-305+3,088-675
0-7,070

-5.1%
-4.9%
+6.3%
-6.6%
N/A
-5.4%

54,745
15,19225,5133,000
33,00010,4320
18,8786,589
6,876
174,225
40,000428,652

55,38515,005
26,125
3,170
33,0750
10,01022,8786,594
8,505
180,747
40,000423,047

54,35814,25524,316
3,609
33,075
0
8,000
0
6,260
9,080
152,953
40,000390,015-1,027-750-1,809+439
00-2,010-22,878-334+575-27,7940-33,032

-1.9%
-5.0%
-6.9%
+13.8%
N/A
N/A-20.1%-100.0%-5.1%+6.8%-15.4%
N/A-7.8%

0-143,000
285,652-9,500-151,689
261,858

0-179,092
210,923+9,500-27,403-50,935+100.0%-18.1%-19.5%-40,000-56,000-96,000
189,652-40,000-56,000-96,000
165,858-40,000-53,378-93,378
117,5450+2,622+2,622-48,313

N/A
+4.7%
+2.7%
-29.1%

1

The Offi ce of Indi a n Energy Pol i cy a nd Progra ms i s no l onger funded i n DA a fter FY 2019. Fundi ng i s reques ted i n FY 2020 under as epa ra te a ppropri a ti on.
2
Energy Pol i cy Sys tems a nd Ana l ys i s i s no l onger funded i n DA a fter FY 2019.
3

The Offi ce of Interna ti ona l Affa i rs i s reques ti ng $36.1 mi l l i on i n funds under a s epa ra te a ppropri a ti on i n FY 2020, due tocons ol i da ti ons a nd mul ti -yea r fundi ng requi rements .

Appropriation Overview
The Departmental Administration (DA) appropriation proposes to fund 13 management and mission support programs that haveenterprise-wide responsibility for administration, accounting, budgeting, contract and project management, congressional andintergovernmental liaison, information management & cybersecurity, life-cycle asset management, legal services, workforce
diversity and equal employment opportunity, ombudsman services, small business advocacy, sustainability, technology transition
activities and public affairs.
DA appropriation supports Strategic Partnership Projects that are reimbursed by customers of the DOE laboratories; and receives
Miscellaneous Revenues from other sources that can be used to offset costs notwithstanding the Miscellaneous Receipts Act.
Additionally, DA is partially funded through Defense-Related Administrative Support (DRAS), Other Defense Activities, recognizingthat DA supports administrative activities that benefit defense-related programs.

Budget in Brief

60

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

Program Highlights
In FY 2020, the Office of Indian Energy Policy & Programs and EPSA are no longer funded in DA. The Budget also requests
that the Office of International Affairs be funded in a separate appropriation due to its consolidations, activities, andmultiple year funding requirements. The FY 2020 DA Budget reflects a dedication to strengthen enterprise-wide
management and mission support functions, including the activities outlined below:•

Chief Financial Officer (CFO): In FY 2020, CFO is requesting additional funds for corporate business systems toensure compliance with new cyber security requirements and initiatives to enhance systems for streamlining
business processes.

•

Office of Technology Transitions (OTT): Funding will support OTT’s operational requirements to support theTechnology-to-Market functions transferred and centralized from other offices. The FY 2020 Request will maintainadequate staffing to fulfill Congressional and Administration direction to increase Departmental engagement for
the transition of new and evolving energy technology to the U.S. markets.

•

Chief Information Officer (CIO): CIO will continue to work on network modernization initiatives, which will include
improving cybersecurity, scaling capacity commensurate with demand, and continuing to establish the foundation
for future IT enterprise capabilities. In FY 2020, CIO is requesting additional staff to support critical functions andstrategic priorities of the Department.

•

Office for Human Capital (HC): HC will maintain its operational capacity to carry out personnel actions and conduct
strategic workforce planning related to proposed Departmental programmatic changes. As the FY 2020 Budget
anticipates significant changes to several DOE programs and the composition of their federal staff, HC isstrategically positioned to provide oversight of human capital matters, especially those that specifically impact
changes to skill requirements of existing personnel and fluctuating staffing levels. This includes an emphasis on
workforce planning and development of effective talent management strategies to ensure DOE can successfully
perform its mission.

Budget in Brief

61

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

OFFICE OF ENTERPRISE ASSESSMENTSFY 2018
EnactedIndependent Enterprise Assessments
Independent Enterprise Assessments
Program Direction
Total, Independent Enterprise Assessments

24,06850,86374,931

FY 2019
Enacted

24,06852,702
76,770($K)
FY 2020
Request24,06857,211
81,279FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$
0+4,509+4,509

N/A
+8.6%
+5.9%

Appropriation Overview
The Office of Enterprise Assessments (EA) supports the Department’s mission priorities and strategic plan for the secure,safe, and efficient operation of the nuclear weapons complex, science and energy research, and environmental cleanup
activities by conducting independent assessments of security and safety performance throughout the Department, holding
contractors accountable for violations of security and safety regulations, providing training programs that institutionalize
enterprise security and safety lessons learned, and coordinating program management improvement initiatives. EA
activities complement, but do not replace the responsibility of DOE line management to ensure compliance with security
and safety requirements or effective management of the Department’s programs. EA is organizationally independent of the
DOE entities that develop and implement security and safety policy and programs and therefore can objectively provide
timely information to DOE senior leadership, contractor organizations, and other stakeholders on whether national security
material and information assets are appropriately protected; and whether Departmental operations provide for the safetyof its employees and the public. EA activities evaluate whether the Department is effective in promoting protection
strategies and informed risk management decisions. EA is designated to implement congressionally authorized contractor
enforcement programs pertaining to classified information security, nuclear safety, and worker safety and health. EA also
operates the DOE National Training Center (NTC) in Albuquerque, New Mexico, maintains collaborative relationships withsecurity and safety related organizations within and outside the Department, and coordinates the implementation ofprogram improvement initiatives throughout the Department.
Program Highlights
EA’s key activities in FY 2020 are:Strengthening the Department’s posture and ability to protect national security assets (special nuclear material [SNM],
controlled unclassified information, and classified matter), its employees and the public by:• Conducting comprehensive independent security performance assessments and follow-up assessments at DOE
National Security / Category I SNM sites (those with high value assets), utilizing “limited notice” safeguards and security
performance tests to provide accurate, up-to-date assessments of DOE site security response capabilities, and focusing
on insider threats from employees who may seek to compromise National security and/or the ability of the
Department to meet its mission;• Enhancing the methods and tools used to conduct comprehensive independent cybersecurity assessments, including
unannounced “red team” performance testing, to identify vulnerabilities in the Department’s National Security,Intelligence, scientific, and other information systems against external and internal attacks;• Conducting nuclear safety, worker safety and health, and emergency management independent performanceassessments of the Department’s operations including high hazard nuclear construction projects and operations suchas those at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Y-12 National Security Complex, Savannah River Site, Hanford Site, andIdaho National Laboratory;• Implementing the DOE enforcement function that holds contractor organizations accountable for noncompliance withworker safety and health, nuclear safety, and classified information security regulations; and• Providing training programs and other related functions via the DOE National Training Center in Albuquerque, NM, that
institutionalize security and safety lessons learned.
Supporting the development and implementation of program management improvement policies and strategies topromote improvements in program management and more efficiently advance and deliver DOE, including the National
Nuclear Security Administration, products and services to the American public.

Budget in Brief

62

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

OFFICE OF HEARINGS AND APPEALSFY 2018
Enacted
Office of Hearings and Appeals
Office of Hearings and Appeals
Subtotal, Office of Hearings and Appeals
Use of Prior Year Balances
Total, Office of Hearings and Appeals

5,605
5,605
0
5,605

FY 2019
Enacted

5,739
5,739
-2000
3,739

($K)
FY 2020
Request

4,852
4,852
0
4,852

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted
%
$
-887
-887
+2,000+1,113-15.5%-15.5%+100.0%+29.8%

Appropriation Overview
The Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) is the central administrative adjudicatory body for the Department of Energy.
OHA’s jurisdiction includes conducting evidentiary hearings to determine an employee’s eligibility for a security clearance,
Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Act appeals, and requests for exception relief from DOE regulations and orders,such as regulatory relief from the appliance energy efficiency standards. OHA also offers alternative dispute resolution(ADR) services such as mediation for a variety of matters. OHA utilizes video teleconferencing to conduct hearings at DOE
field sites in order to reduce travel and other costs.
Program Highlights
Over the last nine years, OHA has reduced its case-processing time in all areas of its jurisdiction without compromising thehigh quality of its decisions. The Request supports salaries and benefits for 22 FTEs operating in OHA’s Personnel Security
and Appeals Division, Employee Protection and Exceptions Division, and the Alternative Dispute Resolution Office.

Budget in Brief

63

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERALFY 2018
Enacted
Office of the Inspector General
Office of the Inspector General
Total, Office of the Inspector General

49,00049,000FY 2019
Enacted

51,33051,330($K)
FY 2020
Request54,21554,215FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$+2,885+2,885

+5.6%
+5.6%

Appropriation Overview
The Office of the Inspector General (OIG) reviews the integrity, economy, and efficiency of DOE programs and operations, including
the National Nuclear Security Administration and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The OIG has the authority to inquire
into all DOE programs and activities as well as related activities. Audits, inspections, investigations, and other reviews are used todetect and prevent fraud, waste, abuse, and violations of law.
The Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014 directs the OIG to conduct an annual evaluation of DOE’s information
security systems. The OIG is also charged with reviewing the Department’s efforts to eliminate improper payments, inconformance with the Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Act of 2010. The OIG routinely conducts reviews of the mostsignificant management challenges facing the Department, to include its Environmental Management programs. In addition, theOIG addresses alleged violations of law that impact Department programs, operations, facilities, and personnel.
Program Highlights
The OIG focuses its efforts to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of Department’s programs and operations in thefollowing key areas:•

Hotline Allegations. The OIG uses hotline allegations to identify potential areas of fraud, waste, and abuse.

•

Contractor Whistleblower Retaliation. OIG conducts reviews of alleged contractor whistleblower retaliation that serve to
inform health and safety issues throughout the Department.

•

Contract Review. OIG assesses the Department’s award and administration of approximately $25 billion in contracts.
Recent OIG work has resulted in sizeable settlements of approximately $121 million by subcontractors in FY 2018.

•

Cybersecurity Oversight Efforts. The OIG frequently partners with other agencies to address attacks impacting the
Department.

•

NNSA Modernization Efforts. NNSA is undertaking a massive modernization effort that involves major projects (e.g.,
weapons complex transformation) that could benefit from OIG reviews that proactively seek to identify opportunities
to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of such operations.

•

Environmental Management. The Department’s environmental liability of $494 billion was added to the Government
Accountability Office’s Biennial High Risk List in 2017. The OIG routinely reviews the efficacy of the Department’s
environmental programs, which annually expend approximately $6.5 million.

•

Loan Guarantee Programs. The potential elimination of the Title 17 Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee program
will require the OIG to utilize experts to assist with reviews to confirm compliance with loan terms and conditions andprogram termination requirements.

•

Mission Support Costs. OIG assists in identifying potential costs savings in areas such as the estimated $5.9 billion
spent each year on National Laboratory support costs.

•

Cost Accounting Standards (CAS). OIG provides reviews of Department contractors’ incurred costs and compliancewith Cost Accounting Standards.

Budget in Brief

64

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRSFY 2018
EnactedInternational Affairs
Departmental Administration
Other Departmental Administration
International Affairs
International Affairs
International Affairs
Total, International Affairs

FY 2019
Enacted($K)
FY 2020
RequestFY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$

18,87822,8780-22,878-100.0%018,8780
22,87836,10036,100+36,100+13,222

N/A+57.8%

Appropriation Overview
The Office of the International Affairs (IA) advises Departmental leadership on strategic implementation of U.S. internationalenergy policy, in line with energy security and market objectives. IA develops and leads the Department's bilateral and multilateral
R&D cooperation, including investment and trade activities with other nations and international agencies, and represents the
Department and the United States Government in interagency processes, intergovernmental forums, and bilateral and multilateralproceedings that address energy policies, strategies and objectives. IA leads Department efforts to fulfill requirements of theCommittee of Foreign Investment in the U.S. (CFIUS), including the expanded responsibilities and authorities authorized under theForeign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act (FIRRMA) of 2018.
Program Highlights
In FY 2020, IA is funded under a new, separate appropriation to increase transparency and reflect the multi-year nature of
program requirements. In alignment with Administration reforms and previous transfer of EERE international staff, thisrequest also consolidates DOE international staffing and programs currently within the Office of Fossil Energy and the Officeof Nuclear Energy into the new Office of International Affairs.
IA’s key initiatives in FY 2020 include:• Consolidating and coordinating DOE international activities in alignment with Administration reforms, to include
NE and FE activities. Specifically, the International Nuclear Energy Cooperation (INEC) mission will be consolidated
into IA. INEC has provided the Department the ability to meet demands for engagement with international
partners on civil nuclear policy, research, development and demonstration (RD&D) and related activities.
• FE activities consolidated into IA will include coordinating international activities in the clean coal and carbon
management arena.
• Expanding support to CFIUS, including additional staff. CFIUS helps with determining potential national security
risks arising from foreign acquisition of a U.S. business. To address growing national security concerns over foreign
exploitation of certain investment structures, additional funding will ensure that DOE has the resources needed tomeet current and evolving challenges and to effectively implement FIRRMA. Caseloads are expected to increase
fourfold—from 250 in FY 2019 to over 1000 anticipated by FY 2020.
• Increasing support for the U.S.- Israel Energy Center of Excellence. IA will engage with DOE program offices andidentify experts to work with Israelis to: negotiate the detailed R&D priorities section and the selection criteria for
a Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA); participate in the technical merit review of FOA applicants; and stayengaged in periodic technical oversight of research progress.
• Supporting Israel-US Binational Industrial Research and Development (BIRD). BIRD was established by the U.S. andIsrael governments in 1977 to generate mutually beneficial cooperation between U. S. and Israeli companies.
BIRD’s scope extends to agriculture, communications, construction technologies, electronics, electro-optics, life
sciences, software, homeland security, renewable and alternative energy and other technology sectors. BIRD
supports approximately 20 projects annually.

Budget in Brief

65

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION
FY 2018
EnactedFederal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)
Just and Reasonable Rates, Terms and Conditions
Safe, Reliable, Secure, and Efficient Infrastructure
Mission Support through Organizational Excellence
FERC Revenues
Subtotal, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Fees and Recoveries in Excess of Annual Appropriations
Total, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

168,111
131,836
67,653-367,600
0-9,000-9,000FY 2019
Enacted369,90000-369,9000-16,000-16,000($K)
FY 2020
Request382,00000-382,0000-16,000-16,000

FY 2020 Request vsFY 2019 Enacted%$+12,100
00-12,100
0
0
0

+3.3%
N/A
N/A
-3.3%
N/A
N/A
N/A

Appropriation Overview
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC or the Commission) is an independent agency within the Department ofEnergy (DOE) that regulates the transmission and wholesale sale of electricity and gas in interstate commerce, andregulates the transportation of oil by pipelines in interstate commerce. FERC also reviews proposals to build interstate
natural gas pipelines, natural gas storage projects, and liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals, and licenses and inspects nonFederal hydropower projects. The Commission protects the reliability and cybersecurity of the Nation’s bulk-power systemthrough the establishment and enforcement of mandatory reliability standards and oversees environmental mattersrelated to natural gas pipeline and non-Federal hydro projects. The Commission enforces its regulatory requirements
through the imposition of civil penalties and other means.
FERC’s mission is to assist consumers in obtaining economically efficient, safe, reliable, and secure energy services at areasonable cost through appropriate regulatory and market means, and collaborative efforts. FERC seeks to ensure that
rates, terms, and conditions of jurisdictional service are just, reasonable, and not unduly discriminatory or preferential,
relying on competitive markets where appropriate. Through its oversight and enforcement authorities, FERC seeks toincrease compliance with its rules and regulations and detect and deter market manipulation. FERC’s responsibilities also
include promoting the development of safe, reliable, and secure energy infrastructure that serves the public interest.
Program Highlights• Ensure Just and Reasonable Rates, Terms, and Conditions
One of the Commission's fundamental statutory responsibilities is to ensure that rates, terms and conditions forwholesale sales and transmission of electric energy and natural gas in interstate commerce, as well as fortransportation of oil by pipeline in interstate commerce, are just and reasonable and not unduly discriminatory or
preferential. To fulfill this responsibility, the Commission uses a combination of market and regulatory means,complemented by oversight and enforcement measures. The Commission carries out this responsibility by issuingorders and establishing rules and policies that continually balance two important interests: protecting energy
consumers against excessive rates, and providing an opportunity for regulated entities to recover their costs and earn areasonable return on their investments. For example, the Commission seeks to improve the competitiveness oforganized wholesale electric markets, which in turn encourages entry of new resources, spurs innovation anddeployment of new technologies, improves operating performance, and exerts downward pressure on costs. Anotherexample of the Commission's use of market and regulatory means in support of this goal is found in the Commission's
requirements for public utility transmission providers to participate in an open and transparent regional transmission
planning process. In addition, the Commission approves cost-based, and where appropriate, market-based rates for theinterstate transportation of natural gas and oil on jurisdictional pipelines, and for the interstate transmission, andwholesale sales of electric energy. The Commission also reviews proposed mergers and other transactions in theelectric industry to ensure that these proposals will not harm the public interest.
Oversight, surveillance and enforcement are essential complements to the Commission’s approach to ensure that
rates, terms, and conditions of service are just and reasonable and not unduly discriminatory or preferential. The
Commission conducts compliance audits, issues publicly available audit reports, and engages in formal and informal

Budget in Brief

66

FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification

outreach efforts to promote effective compliance programs. Audits are planned and prioritized using a risk-based
approach in order to maximize the impact of the Commission's resources. The Commission also conducts public andnon-public investigations of possible violations of the statutes, regulations, rules, orders, and tariffs administered by
the Commission. These investigations often rely upon oversight and surveillance that employ sophisticated technology
to monitor market behavior. When violations of sufficient seriousness are discovered, the Commission attempts toresolve the resulting investigation through settlement with appropriate sanctions and future compliance improvements
before initiating further enforcement proceedings.
•

Promote Safe, Reliable, and Secure Infrastructure
The Commission plays an important role in the development of energy infrastructure that operates safely and reliably.
One aspect of the Commission's role in energy infrastructure development stems from siting authority that includes
licensing non-federal hydropower projects, certificating interstate natural gas pipelines and storage projects,
authorizing liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities, and, in certain circumstances, permitting electric transmission lines.
With the rising demand for natural gas and hydropower comes increased infrastructure construction, making it all themore important that FERC oversee the private sector development of safe, reliable, and secure infrastructure in a waythat fosters economic and environmental benefits for the nation. The Commission reviews applications to construct,
operate, or modify natural gas and hydropower infrastructure by ensuring that facilities are constructed and operated
in compliance with the conditions of FERC orders. The Commission must respond to energy infrastructure applications
with timely and well-reasoned decisions that balance a range of factors such as competing interests, legal
requirements, and environmental impacts. The Commission encourages, and sometimes requires, project proponents
to engage in early involvement with state and federal agencies, Indian tribes, affected landowners and the public.
The Commission also has an important role in ensuring that energy infrastructure, once authorized, continues tooperate safely and reliably. FERC conducts timely safety reviews and inspections with rigorous requirements, thereby
advancing the safety of non-federal hydropower projects and LNG facilities throughout their entire life cycle. The
Commission relies on physical inspections for detecting and preventing potential catastrophic structural failures. In
regards to jurisdictional LNG facilities, the Commission conducts construction and operational inspections to ensurethat the facilities are constructed and operated in accordance with the conditions of Commission Orders, including
safety measures and plans. Inspections at both types of facilities protect the public against the risks associated withincidents at the facilities.
The Commission also oversees the development and review of mandatory reliability and security standards for thebulk-power system, as well as compliance with these standards. A Commission-certified Electric Reliability Organization(ERO) develops and enforces mandatory Reliability Standards, subject to the Commission's oversight and approval. The
Reliability Standards address the planning and operation, as well as the cyber security and physical protection of the
Nation’s electric transmission grid. The Commission may also, upon its own motion or upon complaint, order the ERO
to submit a proposed reliability standard or a modification of an existing reliability standard that addresses a specificreliability matter. To that end, the Commission incorporates performance data-driven, risk-informed decision making
into its reliability oversight. In addition, FERC provides leadership, expertise, and assistance in identifying,communicating and developing comprehensive solutions to cyber and physical security risks to energy infrastructure.
This is achieved through collaboration with private sector energy industry entities and in coordination with government
agencies to research, identify, and share information on threats and vulnerabilities, and to promote voluntary bestpractices that exceed but are complementary to mandatory regulations thereby improving resilience. The Commission
engages with the owners and operators of key critical infrastructure facilities to identify and share threat information,
analyze system vulnerabilities, and assist with effective mitigation.

•

Mission Support Through Organizational Excellence
The public interest is best served when the Commission operates in an efficient, responsive and transparent manner. The
Commission pursues this goal by maintaining processes and providing services in accordance with governing statutes,
authoritative guidance, and prevailing best practices. These processes and services help prioritize resource allocations, makeprudent investments that yield returns that directly benefit the agency’s mission and use Commission resources in an efficientmanner. The Commission also provides services, tools, and resources to equip employees to drive success and accomplish theagency’s mission. The Commission thus makes continued investments in its human capital, information technology (IT)resources, and physical infrastructure. The Commission allocates over two-thirds of its budget to directly cover the

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compensation costs of its employees on an annual basis. The Commission continues to focus its human capital effortson the competencies and positions most affected by the potential loss of its staff to retirement. The Commission also
will maintain disciplined information technology planning and governance and pursue a number of projects that will
advance priority IT initiatives. These projects will modernize core mission and support systems, expand existing data
analytics and visualization capabilities, and improve the agency’s cyber security posture. Through the successful
execution of these projects, the Commission expects to maintain a cost-effective suite of IT products and services that willmeet its near-term mission needs and provide a scalable platform to support future needs beyond 2020, while meeting
applicable security mandates. The Commission is also undergoing a multi-year renovation effort within its headquarters
building which commenced in FY 2018 and will conclude in FY 2021. The renovation project will enable the agency torealize significant space savings. The FY 2020 request includes approximately $22.9 million to continue themodernization effort.
Facilitating understanding of how the Commission carries out its responsibilities and maintaining public trust in theCommission are important components of the Commission's commitment to organizational excellence. Trust andunderstanding increase acceptance of Commission decisions. Through the use of the Commission's eLibrary and eSubscriptions
web pages, the public can obtain extensive information concerning documents both submitted to and issued by theCommission. The Commission also manages several social media sites to promote transparency and open communication.

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