NANO

Debut NANO series is innovative GNSS trackers for wild animals. It uses long-range Bluetooth as the datatransmission method, and incorporates a highly efficient solar unit and rechargeable battery, as well as multiple
environment sensors and activity sensors. With a compact and slim shape, it also features power on-board
computing capability.

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BASIC SPECIFICATIONS
MODEL

NANO

Appearance(standard injection molding housing)Battery Type

40mAh lithium polymer rechargeable battery with under/over-charge protection

Battery Life

Over 500 positions under optimal GNSS satellite view at 5-minute interval

Solar TypeGaAs solar unit (30% efficiency) with good performance under weak light

Housing

ABS & PC injection molding (standard), X-Glue (P1), or nylon 3D-printed (M1)

ColorLight brown for injection molding housing, white or customized for P1/M1

Antenna

External, 0.4mm titanium alloy with protective coating (by default)

GNSS Module

Precision: CEP (50%) 5m
Maximum update rate: 10 Hz

Working Temperature-20°C~60°C (enough for very cold winter if close to warm-blood animal body)

Waterproof＞IP 68 (2 ATM for injection molding)-GNSS: longitude, latitude, altitude, altitude (ellipsoid), course, satellite
quantity

Data Types-

ENV: voltage, light intensity, temperature-

ODBA (overall dynamic body acceleration)-

ACC: x/y/z acceleration data (upon request)-

Beacon: with Debut series gateway devices

Collected data will be stored in memory before transmission.

Data Storage-

Flash memory: 32 MB-

Regular data storage: 460 days at default setting (1h GNSS+1h ENV+10 minODBA)-BOOST data storage: 280,000 pieces-

ACC data storage: 28,700 pieces

Working Schedule

Programmable from 1 minFirmware Upgrade

Instantly via INTELINK (Bluetooth)2 / 13

TRANSMISSION
NANO utilizes long-range Bluetooth for data transmission. When paired with a professional gateway device
like the HUB from Druid, NANO enables data downloading from distances of up to 1200 meters in an ideal
field environment, meaning that both the NANO device and the HUB are 2 meters away from the ground, noobstacles in between, no electromagnetic interference, and the air is not too moist.
The good part of NANO is that every who has a mobile phone with Bluetooth function can scan for it using
Ecotopia App, but access will be required for operating NANO or download data it collected.

TRANSMISSION BANDS
Specifications

INTELINK

Frequency Bands

2.4 GHz

Maximum Output Power

8 dBm (default)

Maximum Data Rate

1 Mbps/1 Mbps

Transmission Distance (ideal condition in field)

1200 mTRANSMISSION STRATEGY
NANO is configured to broadcast its INTELINK (Bluetooth) signals all the time. Professional gateway devices,such as a HUB and TAG G, are usually configured to scan for INTELINK devices following a duty cycle pattern,say, 30s in every minutes. NANO can connect to them only when HUB or TAG G is at “ON” duty. This duty
cycle is configurable.
Gateway device like a mobile phone, with Bluetooth activated, will be able to pick up a NANO immediately.
For certain NANO sub-models that requires battery saving and thus configured also to broadcast in dutycycle mode, you may have to wait longer before it can be picked up by a gateway device.

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SUB-MODELSNameWeight

Dimensions(LWD,Energy Supply

antennae excluded)
3.6±0.1g

36 x 13 x 9.5 (mm)40mAh rechargeable by solarNANO P1[1]2.0±0.1g

31 x 9.5 x 7.5 (mm)15mAh rechargeable by solar

NANO M1[2]2.7±0.1g

33 x 11 x 8.5 (mm)40mAh rechargeable by solar

NANO M1 lite

2.0±0.1g

33 x 11 x 8.5 (mm)15mAh rechargeable by solar

NANO C1 2700 [3]26.9±0.3g

58 x 18 x 18 (mm)2700mAh primary battery

NANO C1 1300

22.5±0.3g

58 x 18 x 18 (mm)1300mAh primary battery

NANO C4 P500 [4]11±0.2g

44 x 15.5 x 16 (mm)500mAh primary battery

NANO C3 180[5]11±0.2g46 x 13.5 x 16 (mm)150mAh rechargeable by magnetic touch

NANO C5 580[6]15.1±0.2g

45 x 14.5 x 18 (mm)580mAh rechargeable by magnetic touch

NANO

Note: [1] P1 refers to the X-Glue sealing technique
primarily aimed at reducing weight.

[2]

M1 refers to a unique housing crafted from 3D-

printed nylon material. This housing features a beehive and bottomless design, while all components arewaterproofed using our X-Coating technique toexceed the IP68 standard.
[3]

The “C” series denotes customized versions using

NANO’s PCBA with different energy supply options.
Photo to the right shows NANO C1.

[4]Photo to the right shows NANO C4 P500.

[5]Photo to the right shows NANO C3 180.

[6]Photo to the right shows NANO C5 580.

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ANTENNA OPTIONSANTENNA MATERIAL OPTIONS
Type

Description

Weight ChangeA

0.2mm titanium alloy wire with waterproof coating- 0.1gB

0.4mm titanium alloy wire with waterproof coating

Default【1】C

0.8mm titanium alloy rope (7*7 wires braided)+ 0.2gANTENNA ROOT PROTECTION OPTIONS
Type

Description

Weight Change

Default

Plastic tubeDefault 【2】Extra strengthened

Spring with longer plastic tube

+ 0.3gNote: [1] By default, 0.4 mm titanium alloy wire with waterproof coating is used, toachieve the balance between weight and toughness. The weight change of otheroptions is calculated based on the default version. Generally, the thicker theantenna, the more resilient it is.
[2]

By default, only plastic tube is used, to achieve the balance between weight andtoughness. The weight change is calculated based on the default version.

In the below photos:-the left shows default antenna (B)+ default antenna root protection;-the right shows antenna material C + extra strengthened antenna root.

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PRICING
Sub-Model

Device （Feed Subscription）

Ecotopia Data Services [1]Debut Renewal

RetailPromotion(per unit per year)

Plan [2]

NANO

299

N/A

59.88

N/A

NANO P1399

N/A

59.88

N/A

NANO M1399

N/A

59.88

N/A

NANO M1 lite

399

N/A

59.88

N/A

NANO C1 2700

399

N/A

59.88

N/A

NANO C1 1300

399

N/A

59.88

N/A

NANO C4 P500

299

N/A

59.88

N/ANANO C3 180

399

N/A59.88

N/A

NANO C5 580

399

N/A59.88

N/A

Note: The prices are in US dollar.
[1]

To know more about Ecotopia Data Service, please click:https://www.ecotopiago.com/help/en/#/essential/data_service/overview[2]

To know more about Debut Renewal Plan, please click:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IM75JLGhsHU&t=6s

6 / 13ATTACHMENT METHODSNANO series is designed with flexible holes to support harness attachment on back or waist. The commonaccessories include:-1.5 mm UHMWPE tape, or 1mm silicon tubing-

Aluminum rings for binding harness (optional)-

4 mm thick neoprene pad for elevation (so that thick feathers will not cover the solar panel)-7 / 13DATA SAMPLES
Equipped with a high-efficiency solar unit, NANO has the capability to gather hundreds of GPS data points
daily. The screenshot below displays a 7-day GPS track recorded by a NANO unit attached to a tern, as it
traversed the coast of Southeast Asia during mid-summer. Additionally, the accompanying small charts
illustrate the variations in flying speed, altitude, light intensity, temperature, and activity index throughout thistimeframe.

Below is the comprehensive migration trajectory of a tern, meticulously tracked by a NANO device over thecourse of 11 months, spanning over 70,000 GPS locations.

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INTELINK: UBIQUITOUS NETWORKINGINTELINK®, derived from "intelligent linking," represents a patented communication technology rooted inBluetooth innovation, distinguished by its extended range and remarkably low power consumption.
Empowered by INTELINK®, NANO seamlessly establishes connections with conventional smartphones andother Debut series products. This integration unlocks a myriad of additional functionalities, fostering thegeneration of novel data types through the interaction among diverse devices.

(For options of the gateway products, see page 13.)DATA RELAY
Data gathered by NANOs can be retrieved by
gateways through INTELINK, either throughmanual or automatic means.
Individuals with smartphones, using an authorizedaccount, can easily scan for nearby NANOs anddownload stored data. This data is subsequently
uploaded securely to the cloud server via thephone's network connection, whether it's cellularor Wi-Fi.
Alternatively, you can deploy a gateway at a fixedlocation

inthefieldtocontinuously

andautonomously scan for NANO devices. Once
connected, the gateway will retrieve data from theNANO and automatically upload it via the cellularnetwork.

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BREEDING & NEST-USAGE RESEARCH
By situating a gateway near the nest, it will log the timestamps for when a NANO enters or exits its scanningzone. This yields important data for understanding nest usage and parenting strategies, particularly pertinentfor breeding research purposes.

RAW ACCELERATION DATANANO possesses the capability to gather raw x/y/z acceleration data, ideal for behavioral research,
particularly when synchronized with GPS, environmental variables, and individual activity patterns. Utilizing
INTELINK, users can not only download raw acceleration data from the device memory, but also access realtime, continuous data by establishing a connection between the NANO and a gateway.

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IN-SITU BEHAVIOR MODELING
When accessing real-time continuous raw acceleration data as described above, users can also annotate thedata with behavior tags via the Ecotopia/IntelinkGO App.
With INTELINK facilitating the connection, real-time x/y/z acceleration data from the NANO linked to yourphone is visualized on the phone screen via the Ecotopia/IntelinkGO App. Simultaneously, the App records
videos using the phone's camera. While observing the birds through your phone, you can tap to apply behavior
tags in real-time. These behavior tags, along with the data and video, are combined under precise timestamps
and saved on your phone. Later, you can upload to webpage for subsequent analysis, further calibration, andvalidation.

With the assistance of Druid’s AniAct® behavior algorithm platform, users can create species-specific x/y/z
acceleration-based behavior algorithms. Moreover, these algorithms can be uploaded back into the device
and executed onboard. Subsequently, the device automatically processes acceleration data sampled at 25Hz
or higher on board, and transmits behavior tags as the computation results.
This eliminates the need for users to compromise energy balance or incur high data fees to access raw
acceleration data from distant locations. Additionally, it alleviates the burden of processing vast volumes ofraw data, providing computed results effortlessly.
This functionality introduces a new dimension of data, offering fresh insights into bird research andconservation efforts.

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GROUND SEARCH
Utilizing INTELINK technology alongside the Ecotopia/IntelinkGO, NANOs
and smartphones seamlessly create a beacon system.
Activating the "Finding Device" feature within the App triggers an audible
alert on the smartphone if a NANO is detected in proximity. The volumeof the alert increases as the NANO gets closer, offering a convenientmeans to locate birds or fall-off devices in the field. Upon nearing thedevices, users can effortlessly download all stored data as well.

CITIZEN SCIENCEINTELINK technology facilitates diverse interactions between bird tracking devices and smartphones, offeringnovel avenues for volunteers and the general public to contribute to scientific research and conservation
efforts.
Here are some potential ways:
With over 3 billion smartphone users worldwide, each device serves as a potential mobile "gateway". By
simply tapping on the Ecotopia/IntelinkGO App to scan for birds in their vicinity, individuals can provide
precise reports of bird resighting, including accurate location and time information. These reports arepromptly forwarded to the relevant researchers, who can then share them within the species' onlinecommunity.

Beyond resighting reports, users can utilize the Ecotopia/IntelinkGO App to download/upload datastored in NANOs. Imagine the excitement for researchers when their data is safely updated by helpers
they've never met.

Advanced users can further contribute by applying behavior tags through the in-situ modeling function,
drawing upon their own knowledge and observations. This collective input from participants worldwide
could culminate in a shared database with varying levels of contribution, enriching research endeavors
globally.

Visit the IntelinkGO webpage for more information: https://www.intelinkgo.com/.

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GATEWAY PRODUCTS
The gateway can be an ordinary smart phone with Bluetooth function, or a Debut HUB, QUEST, or TAG G.
Select the gateway that suit your project to go with NANOs.
TypePhotoRange

Operation

Description

ManualConveniently accessible anytime, anywhere, at(Optimal)
Phone

150m

no extra cost, the system taps into a vastpotential network of over 3 billion mobilegateways across the globe.
Phone

500m

Manual+QUEST

A half-palm-sized rechargeable device (26grams) engineered to extend the INTELINK
range of a standard mobile phone.

Phone

700m

Manual+QUEST III

A Yagi antenna (62cm long, 230 grams) crafted
to amplify the INTELINK range of a standard
mobile phone.
This is highly directional antenna, which isparticularly suitable for ground searching tasks.

TAG G

600m

Manual / AutoA palm-sized solar charging device (32g)
designed for easy hanging in any garden area.
Affordable enough to blanket every residential
region, fostering citizen science projects.

HUB

1200m

Manual / AutoA router-sized gadget (730 grams) encased in arobust metal housing, powered by battery, solar
energy, or cable. Featuring high-resolution
scanning capabilities, it stands as the mostdurable option for wilderness environments.

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