International Seminar “REDD+ Implementation and Sustainable Forest Management”
6-7 February 2014, United Nation University, Tokyo, Japan

Development of REDD+ Guidelines for JCM
Dr. Mitsuo Matsumoto
DirectorREDD Research and Development Center,Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI)

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Present Situation of REDD+• Discussions and negotiations under UNFCCC are onggoingg but need more time to launch REDD+• Host countries are working hard for Phase 1 activities• REDD+ prprojects
j t underd r voluntaryl t r schemes
h m arer iincreasingr i• Practice andd experience off earlyl projects andd actions willll
contribute to constructing REDD+ scheme andstandards undernder UNFCCC

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Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)• Japanese government is promoting the Joint Crediting Mechanism(JCM) as an potential mitigation measure.
• The JCM facilitates diffusion of leading low carbon technologies,
products, systems, services, and infrastructure as well as
implementation of mitigation actions, andd contributes
bto
sustainable development of developing countries.
• TheTh JCM iis managedd byb theh JJointi CCommittee
ithath iis constructeddunder an agreement between Japan and host countries.

Quoted from the Web of “New Mechanism Information Platform”
3Agreed Countries on JCM• 10 countries agreed on JCM– Mongolia– Bangladesh– Ethiopia
E hi i– Kenya– Maldives– Vietnam– Laos– Indonesia– Costa Rica
– Palau4

REDD+ under the JCM• Activities of the JCM are adopted by each JointCommittee• REDD+ is not adopted at beginning of JCM• OneO rreason iis ththatt ththe methodologies
m th d l i off MRV fforr
REDD+ have not developed enough• Developing countries expect to start REDD+ underthe JCM5Activities of REDD R&D Center• REDD R&D Center in FFPRI supports REDD+
under the JCM• REDD R&D Center developeddd– REDD-plus Cookbook– REDD-plus Guidelines

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REDD-plus Guidelines for JCM••••“Guidelines for Implementing REDD-plus”
Developed by FFPRI voluntarily
It is expected to contribute to the formal
guidelines which will be developed by theJoint Committees.
Committees
Contents– Chap 1: Introduction• Background• Discussions on REDD-plus in Japan• Purpose of the guideline– Chap 2: Requirements to projects• Essential requirements• Requirements to elements of projects– Chap 3: Requirements to methodologies• Basic requirements• Requirements to elements of methodologies

7Concept of the Guidelines• Being operational and transparent• Promoting participation of multi stakeholders
sub-national
national levels• Scaling up from project levels to sub• Continuous improvement of the guidelines
Required accuracy ini t
internationalti l standardst d d(UNFCCC, IPCC, VCS etc.)

Simple guidelines for all
stakeholders

Scientific outcomes,experiences and knowledge

8Key Points• Required accuracy of forest map classification– International standards indicate “suitablesuitable accuracy
accuracy” forestimation of GHG emission reductions and removals– Experiences and practices from projects and studies show
p classification
feasible accuracyy of forest map– The accuracy of classification of Forest/nonForest/non-forest
forest shouldbe above 80%, and the one of each forest type should beabove 70%.

9Key Points• Reference level– is established using the past data based on historical trend– is established at “Tiers”
Tiers corresponding to national
circumstances of host country– is established to be consistent with the national/sub-nationalreference level if already established– is updated at least 5 or 7 or 10 years intervals (not fixed yet)

10Concept of Reference Level

GHG eemission

Applying socioeconomic data andothers

Higher Tier

GHG emission
Based onidentified drivers,
GHG emission issimulated

Identifying
drivers
PastFuture

Lower Tier

Middle Tier

Applying Simulation modelusing socio-economic data andother statistics (considering
National Circumstances)

Applying simple model basedon historical trend on GHGemission ((not consideringgNational Circumstances)

Applying
Al i ““mean value”l ” onhistorical GHG emission

Using rich dataand information

Using simple dataand information

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Revision of the Guidelines• To implement early action of REDD+, 34 of REDD+
Feasibilityy Studies (FS)( ) have been implemented
pin host countries
including Indonesia, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia by funds ofJapanese Government.
• Based on accumulated knowledge and experiences in FS andadvises from experts, FFPRI is revising REDD+ Guideline((secondd draft).
d ft)
First Workshop
pamong FS
Proponents andexperts

September 2013

Revision byFFPRI

Collectingcomments fromfFS Proponents
and experts((see next page)p g )SecondW k hWorkshop
among FS
Proponents
and experts
pScheduled tobe finalized

OctoberNovemberJanuary 2014

By the end of 201412

Comments to the Guidelines
Comments from FS Proponents

Contents of Modification

In addition to the Reference Emission Level
The guideline was modified as; “The REL/RL(REL), Reference Level (RL) (for targeting sink- are calculated to be below business-as-usualactivities) should be included in the Guideline.
(BaU) emissions and above BAU/ removals”
Removals from the atmospherepin activities ofA/R and carbon enhancement should beincluded in the concept of land eligibility andthe Guidelines should be revised to cover all ofsink-activities.

The gguideline mayy be modified in the near
future with a notification of “Concept of Land
Eligibility in case of afforestation and/orreforestation project should be definedaccording to further orders”.

Leakage (displacement of activities) should beestimated ((never neglected).
g) Leakage
g in case of
Sub-national based REDD+ may be neglected.

The guideline was modified as; “When leakage
estimation needs highg cost and effort,, leakage
gestimation may be calculated by using default
value or simple method according to eachdeveloped methodology”. Regarding leakage inthe case of Sub-national, FFPRI will analyze itin 2014.

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Comments to the Guidelines
Comments from FS Proponents

Contents of Modification

REL/RL should be established by considering
By using the concept of Tier 2 or 3 in REL/RL
national circumstances including efforts of host (slide 11), the proponents are able to consider
countries.
national circumstances in REL/RL
development.
Idea or concept how to expand the project base FFPRI will analyze this matter in 2014.
to sub-national base should be developed. VCS
JNR should be referred by REDD Research andDevelopment CenterSafeguard should be based on decision 1/CP.16
and should be considered more and more
respecting other published literatures.

Words were revised respecting COP decision.
The Guideline should be in the line ofUNFCCC decision.

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Comments from VCS[Future activities of FFPRI]• Are the Guidelines meant only for project activities? Is there aplan to expand it for jurisdictional approaches, or to provide
guidance on project nesting?
• What is the process for completing the Guideline, or for it to beincorporated into the JCM?
[Linkage between JCM and VCS]
• Approach on Registry System (Buffer pool and Credit issuance)
are similar with VCS. Do you foresee a project being able to use
theh VCS to ddemonstrate iit??

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Comments from VCS
The followings are different points between the Guidelines and VCS
J ;JNR;• VCS JNR does not allow to use Tier 1 emission factors.
– FFPRI Guidelines allow to use Tier 1 emission factor.

• Start date for VCS JNR programs cannot be before 1st Jan 2006 (COP11).
– FFPRI Guidelines have not decided it.

• VCS JNR requires 3 points within the last 10 years. At least 2 years
shallh ll separate eachh off theh threeh ddata points.
i– FFPRI Guidelines have not decided it.

• It seems that 100% of boundary would need to be clearly stated atvalidation stage.
– FFPRI Guidelines have not decided it.
16Concept of Scaling-Up and Reference Level[Approach 2]

 REDD+ in sub-national base
 Land boundary is border ofjurisdiction
 Reference revel is jurisdictionalbase REDD+ in project base
 Land boundary is border ofeach project Reference level is allocatedfrom jurisdictional reference
l llevelGHG
Emisssions Reduction[Approach 1][Approach 3]
 REDD+ in project base
 Land boundary is border of
each project Reference level is developed byeach project and will becoordinated with one atjurisdictional reference level

Jurisdictional
Reference Level
Project A
Project B

Reference Levelin each project

ProjectjC
Project DTime17

Discussion points[Assumption]
Tier 3 for RL is used at Sub
Subnational and Tier 1 is used at eachproject.
[Discussion point]
How to allocate GHG
emissions/removals?

Sub-national

Project B

Project C

Project A

GHG
Emissions/Removals

Project A, B & C
Sub-national RL
Project A & B
Project A

In reference scenario,scenario total GHG
emissions of projects may be
more than the GHG emissionsin Sub-national.

Time18

Discussion points[Assumption]
In case of Sub-national RL is developed at first, Sub-national RL
should be allocated into RL of each project.
[Discussion point]
When Sub-national RL is revised after project implementation, do
all of projects have to be revised according to Sub-national?

Sub-national RL
Project A
Project B
Project C
Project DTimeGHG
Emissioons Reduction

GHG
Emissioons Reductioon

How to allocate?
Sub-national RL
Project A
Project B
Project C
Project DTime

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REDD+ Guidelines and JCM Guidelines
2013
Guidelines for
Implementing
REDD-plus

Version 1.1
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Keep consistency
JJCM
Guidelines forDeveloping
Proposed
Methodology for
REDD+ (draft)(d ft)

Draft Version

2014

2015

Version 2.0(will be include theconcept of nesting)

Keep consistency

Version 1.0(REDD+ under the
JCM start?)

Revised Version(if necessary)

According toframework of JJCM

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An idea: Cooperation of Jurisdictions and Projects
JURISDICTIONSFForestMonitoring
M i i
REL/RL
Safeguards
Policy and Law

Data & Information
fODA
JICA

A Part off Credits
dPROJECTS

Project design and reports based onmonitoring data and safeguards info
from the JJurisdiction
REL/RL respecting the JD’s REL/RL
Additional activities

PrivatePi
Companies &Organizations

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Conclusion• Japanese government is promoting the JCM, and REDD+ is
expected as an activity under the JCM.
JCM
• REDD R&D C
Centernt r developed
d l p d “REDD“REDD-plus
pl s Guidelines”
G id lin s” totpromote REDD+ under the JCM• The Center is revising “REDDREDD-plusplus GuidelinesGuidelines” respecting
comments and advice from experts and organizations.
• We will release the revised Guidelines in a few months• We hope that the guidelines will be used for JCM,
JCM and thatexperiences of REDD+ under the JCM will contribute a newframework and standards of REDD+.
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Thank you
Visit the Web of REDD R&D Center
http://www.ffpri.affrc.go.jp/redd-rdc/en///// /23