$%& J. Hot Spring Sci. /2 -ῌ+- ,**2ῌ῍



  !"#$%&'('()*+ +, -+ ./0-+* 1234+ 256+
 +3++-*  ,*+,3Isotopic and Geochemical Study of Travertine and
Hot Springs Occurring Along the Yumoto Fault at
North Coast of the Oga Peninsula, Akita Prefecture
Kyoko FURUHASHI+, Osamu NISHIKAWA+, Osamu MATSUBAYA+*,
Tateo SHIRAISHI+ and Daizo ISHIYAMA+

Abstract
In the Oga Hot Spring area in Akita Prefecture, several hot springs are located along
the Yumoto fault, and travertine has been deposited there by past hot spring activities.
To estimate the character of hot spring water at the time of travertine formation, thecarbon and oxygen isotopic ratios of travertine and the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic
ratios of the hot spring water were examined. The carbon isotopic ratio of travertine isalmost the same as that of precipitate from the present hot springs. This suggests thatthe source of dissolved carbonate in the hot spring water at the time of travertine formation is the same as the present one. The carbon isotopic ratio of dissolved carbonate
in the present hot spring water is similar to that of carbonate rock occurring in the
Nishikurosawa Formation around the Oga Hot Spring area, suggesting that the dissolved
carbonate in the hot spring water originates from carbonate rock in the Nishikurosawa
Formation. The oxygen isotopic ratio of travertine is -./# higher than that of precipitatefrom the present hot spring. From this, it is inferred that the oxygen isotopic ratio of hot
spring water at the time of travertine formation was -./# higher than the present one.
Based on the relationship of hydrogen and oxygen isotopic ratios, the present hot springwater is estimated to originate from meteoric water reserved in marine formation. Therefore, it is concluded that hot spring water at the time of travertine formation was also of
meteoric water origin and that the di#erence of -./# is caused by the fact that the degreeof oxygen isotopic exchange between the carbonate rock and the hot spring water was
more advanced at the time of travertine formation than at present.
+ *+*ῌ*2/,  +  +  *  !" + Faculty of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, +ῌ+ Tegata Gakuenmachi, Akita-city *+*-*2/,,
Japan. * Emeritus Professor.

3 





 







Key words : Oga Hot Spring, Travertine, Past activity of hot spring, Carbon ῍ Hydrogen ῍
Oxygen isotopic ratios.

 !"# $%&'()*+ ,-./01 (23 45)6783 459: ;<=>001 ? @83-A( 450BC DC E
F G2HI0IC DC EF ?J)KL(M ?NO- 450BC EF #
=>0<PQRS+ TUBD0VW# 459: ;<=>" X"Y3<Z[\]3 ^0TUBD0BC EF # _0`a%b0BDcd0BC
EF <e+ TUBD)^02fgBDcd?VW<83<Z[\]3 450DC
EF # =>02Lh d+2O ) -./ i' j0j<K\ 459: ;0
I0 d+2O )=>2Lh -./ iKO-<Z[\]3 =>0I# IC DC E
F 0klK\ m:%b(%nI<+op]-IVW0h0<qp]3 +-)Oo 459: ;0IhIVW"YL -./ 0r#BDcd<In0DC EF
st0)=>2Lh 459: ;0Pf)uv"'-wx<Z[\]3
yz{z| : 45 ./01  BCῌDCῌIC EF+    # }(E~+ W)$%0$%0(&Oo< !
83 Fig. + $%#(T>83"#$0?h$%" _"# 0m:?%&('Epo'3 $%0#(#./01 (23 40  45 )6783 ( +3/3 )$%(&Oo*83j<#2YL $%01 <0*0k))*p]3 +[ +30/00 ,(VjO- - "#$%1 <k)+o(.+'')X / +303 ; +31*

K\00F0102

hAo3g4)N]- ,- "h +3-3 ,0 (2L"50I)*+-<6[\]o'3 0 ¡# ^0?7¢3j<" $%0£8¤(9>83 %(k83¥:¦m:09:;?J)KL($%1 G2H 4509:('o0;n;¥:)<\]3j<)§p]3 ./01 ('o ^0?=¨©
3j<#"ªg') ¦'«g¬K\n¨;(¥:?<3j<)2"Y3 
02f( 45)67+o'3 ¡# CaCO- 0BC EF K\ 45)9:p]- ;0
Ib0TBD0BC EF ?q83j<)"ª ,-DC EF K\I0D
C EF ?q83j<)"ª3<Z[\]3
j02fg­K\ ®¯"# 0 450BC DC EF ?°+

459: ;0?q+ =>0<0 @(2L±;­°0>²??[-8n01 0q³?%\K(83j<?´µ3 ^0-A( =>0('oTUBD CaCO-  G
2HIK\¶·¸83 CO, 0BC DC EF ?°+ I< CaCO- 0kl?
%\K(83 ,- I0IC DC EF ?°+ =>0I0:¹?Zº+

4

5K\<\]-¥:< @ M 83,

_"# $%?#pv")»¼;(@V+oGL #(½%0Ad 4

$ /2 % ,**2
& '()

    *+,- ./0- 1- - 2345-6 ! 7

89: . ;<=>?@AB6C D  :8E)F GHIJH  
 ,***! 8 K./0 : ./0@9L)EM NOPFQR
ST-6

!  K9:

U&V3BW

 .** m, . ,** m 

X6YFZ[\ ]I +"2 m 6^ _ `Fa[Hbc !  ,***dV

3B`Ae<: Sf ghij - k< l!IEHY D\6[H`Ae<:" / #$*mn9o! p\  q rst%u6bc !
v: wx: yEr&IEHY FbcIJMuz{' :u !
5 | H: }~ +30*
f-A6 p\ ()ῌ*+ +323

Sf !6,IEH ! 7E) dv: du
-: /*# .

9 NaCl O9o! Cl /-: ,./ gῌl .-9@" 2  + 9o! A| H: ()ῌ*+ +323 : iMu@A 0+IE1v
d2DH 6 @v3roY4dGH !

- 
5:Fig. +



69 ,**/ $ / "3 

p\7: ,**1 $ 2 [\! 5: q9: Fig. +  A"F p9 0)W7 (H ,"/ 5FD\! p\  q9: G| H: h69 7EE'7(

69 + 5FD\! wx

8,¡ ¢9£¤ h  . v9 ¥:5FD\! ;¦§S5: F -** ml ¨©g©gª D\<; «¬­9=>D\!
CaCO- ?@A:B® ® ¯°u ?@D\rFD\! m'9:8E)F±DH

g²i d³´! ()C¨g  CO, : Nµ ¶·DH _¸9o9 ¹Dῌ() ,**.

ºIE\Nµ CO, EF Y 0®G» CO, 6¼HD\½µFµ

Fig. + Map of the Oga Hot Spring area and localities of sample collection.

5      !" #$%"&'() * +%, -%,./()0()%102-343 ! 5"  +*%102 6) !"!"7'8/9:;%<=>)?@" AB*CDEF'8/9G +**ῐ H
IJK! !" CO, '8/9 JL) !" !"#J%G M
7() !"NOCPOCQ)RST'UVWX CaO )YZ CaCO- )$%[\ ]&^)_9"` ab'c(J)YZ de CO, )fg! !"#J)*)h&e"&'+!"`i+'j!" b6*kl!9/e CO, '8/9Gb6)ab'^,-m!
"nOo)p@qX.r[\ CO, %s)/!+`  JL) !" -3

t% 0ut 6 CO, %v1)w!xy 2NCde CO, %0)h&" (%LG
7()z3{|)4/9}~! 5t3" H, )(L 'j! JL 'G
7(*L6'!" CO, )4/"
L 'G Varian 7%L 4i+ MAT,/* )4/"  [3"LG'd<='87'9de:;w d 0 *!9 EF   

[3e
Rsa ῎
+
+*- dXῌ῍ Rst  ῏ dX G d+-C, d+2O, dD ) R GL  +-Cῌ+,C, +2Oῌ+0O, DῌH ) sa G7 st G87)<de87GL'8/9G{%= PDB X J

<(L'8/9G860( SMOW e L<JL
% wG*.+ (LG+ e(%>G?@lIEIE% C7%¡I¢£n¤OP!"  ¥¦GTable +. 'd.Xe. "#$% &'()*.+ 

 

CaCO-

CO, !
(ut% CaCO- %$%G %A§d<='
,HCO-CO,CO-,H,O(ut CO, ¨2NC! CO-, )*¨©q>e*'<Xªe - %rB'«eL%C)DeEF M¬% !"!"#J CDEF <2NCde

CO, '8/9 !"¥¦G Table + < Fig. , 'd*Xe L%0G­®F)`¯%GH°q* 2NC!" CO, ¨±²Iq0.* *2.* CDEF¨±²©
q +..,.0 !"JGJ³%'´%0,.3+.. )d CDEF%LG!"#J<X² ,.3/./ ©q 2NC!" CO, %0G!"#J<X² -.+1., I/ % CO, C
DEF<!"#J%´%L%wG 3t%Ki%6µL'«eC
<-MNde*¨ye O¶%)$Z /* %·%C)P'¸¹e*60G

Fig. , %ºQ'd<=' CaCO-CO, 6 ¨ 1.1 HCO- !"CO, 6 ¨ /.. X Friedman and O’Neil, +331) !"¨@9 CaCO-HCO- !" G ,.- e »f!"!"#JG' H,CO- * HCO- %kl!"²%X 5" H,CO- * CO, 6 %´%
CG,[/% CaCO- *!"#J%´%CG]¼% CaCO-HCO- ´%C ,.- *CaCO-CO, 6 ´%C 1.1 %'´'>X -%0G H,CO- * HCO- %+'½"de
6

/ /2 0 -,**2.



  !"#$%&'(

Table + d+-C and d+2O of CaCO- precipitate, dissolved carbonate and degassing
CO, from the present hot springs.
Dissolved
carbonate

Scale
Hot springs

Oga Hotel
Yuzankaku
Oga onsen#+Yumoto Hotel+

Degassing CO,*d+-C, )

d+2O, )

d+-C, )

d+-C, )

d+2O, )

,40
+40
+4.
+*4.
*/4,

+14+14+
+24.
,+41
,.4*

*,43
*+4.
*+4/
*+40

*04*
*240

,141
,34,

*+.4,

,14-

* Calculated values from the measured values in Fig. ,.

Table , Concentration, d+-C and d+2O of CO, in air including CO,
degassing from the hot springs and in the vicinity of the hotsprings.
Hot springs

Concetration, ppm

d+-C, )

d+2O, )Oga Hotel
Yuzankaku
Yumoto Hotel
Yumoto spring
air (Yunojiri)
air (Yumoto)

/-1*
1+*
++.*
.,/
-2.
-2.

*04+
*24*+,4+
*243
*24*
*143

,240
-/4/
-+4/
.*4+
.*43
.+4-

Fig. , Carbon isotopic fractionation among CaCO- precipitate, dissolved
carbonate and degassing CO, at the present hot springs and theequilibrium fractionation at /*,.

7   !"#$%&'( )*+,-./012"3( Fig. , "456789:6 ,.3/./ ';<" ,.- - 1.1 "=>"?'@A BCDEF CaCO- "GH"IJ' CaCO- H, CO- ./HCO- K9L CO, MN ">'1OPQNRSDTUVW6XYZ['\]EFYC-^F9

Y'@_: `abc,'( de'fgBC , h")*+," d+-C D+*.. -/., -ijklm nC./012-op)8A CO, "3D +,.0 -;<" CaCO-CO, "VWRS9mqiY ]r(stj u"v` w`"IJ' CO, "op)- CaCO- "GHDxyBFzm{B\]m PQNRSD|}~6\]EC]-69A-$rA., 



 +2  `a j " d+-C ( Table - 678-Km-.,,.1 "6m
":-ijrA , j- *.2,.1 "6A  "")*+,(" - D +..,.0 "6m Table + "-8A "
6KA)*+,-./012" d+-C "3 ,.3/./ ( .. + 'BC9:6ut
CO, Dop)B CaCO- DGH8A-Y:6\B "

¡¢6qP£D\]EFYC(¤'@m -./012" d C 6PJ¥"3D@EC-¦§trA BC+-

DEF -")*+," d+-C DTUP£'@A]-t " ¡¢"./01
Table -

d+-C and d+2O of travertine and carbonate rock in the Nishikurosawa Formation.
Travertine

Carbonate rock*

Samples

d+-C, ῌd+2O, ῌSamples

d+-C, ῌd+2O, ῌContent,
ῌ**

A+
A,
AB+
B,
BC+
C,
D+
D,
DE+
E,
EE.
E/
F+
F,
G

+40
+4*
+41
-4,
*4+
,41
+4/
+4,
+4+4*
*40
*4,
+4/
+4.
,40
+41
,4/
*42
,43

,+4.
,+4*
,+4+
,,4*
,+4,+40
,*40
,*4.
,*4,
,+4+
,*43
+342
,+4+
,+4+
,,4,+4+
,,4,
,,4*
,-4,

NK+
NK,
NKNK.
NK/
NK0
NK1
NK2
NK3
NK+*

-4-4,40
-4*40+4.4*
041
04*
+40

,142
,+40
,04+
,240
,/4+
,/40
,/40
,243
,24,14-

11
,
-,
-1
+0
0*
.+
,3
,2
-3

* Carbonate minerals in the carbonate rocks are identiﬁed to dromite or protodolomite by X-ray di#raction.
** Carbonate mineral contents in the carbonate rocks are shown in the carbonate
rocks as weight percent of samples dried at ++*, assuming CaMg (CO-), for chemical form of the mineral.

80 /2 1 %,**2&

  !"#$

2345 67829:;<=>8?@A9BCDE' 45 F 678
2

d+-C 3(,.3)(+..*

V

CO,

I+

G ' H I3JKJLM

PW(1* X3YZ+ [=\]F+`[9OPQE+CO, N 9OPQERSTU

]F+ A3^LM 82 _N

PW  1* km abcdefg] ]FLM

 %(,.+)(*..*+ hiῌ+ +323&+ ]e  ^LM9BCDE%(../)(+.-*+ hij+ +312&+ hk]F9OPQEl%(,./)*..*+ hij++32*& mn9o G@A' =>pqr+  6782p+ RSTULM@3mZ+ ]FV 682 _A3sEtQuv=>82wx NLM9yzpY'


{

d C 3{Xl|}tYp+  LM9OPr@A\~'+-/ 
/+ 

 "#$% &'

CaCO-

Up + CaCO- 9 H,O  2?pA+ 2? 3+%O+2ῌO+0&CaCO-,a%t&-%O+2ῌO+0&H,O

ῌ

@PQE' HH@+ a %t& 3@ @A' d I9+ <"d+2OCaCO-,d+2OH,O.+*-ln a῍,d+2OH,O.῍pvX' ῌ  ῍ p~+ CaCO-

d+2O 3+ H,O

d+2O 96=+ pY:~p῍IpD'45 @3῍I3+ U) ,/.2* @A' H

d+2O %Table +& 9F

d+2O %Table .&N /*/ 9=>9

3+ F

and O’Neil, +331& Xl +),* Y' H 3 CaCO-

@AX ,..1

I ,..** %Friedman

py"LHq>H9m+ A3  @QE ¡p¢£DE>H99BC
DE' s ~mA3 ¡ ¤ ¥3F

+ !

¦¥X§m'  3¨© @A @+ 45Xlt+ A3s ~mpAq>9=r+ 459¥9OPr@A\~'/, 

d+2O /','+ ªv«

F

d+2O

!

d O
+2

  % {N¬Z&
2?3 +1.+ ) +2..*

d+2O  

G2?3 +3.2),,.-* @AX %Table -&+ UX %Table +&+ -./* :nY' /. + @®¯>~ CaCO- 

945@¥@Aq>99+ H-./*"pUXl­=r

9F  2?pªv«
3ªv«

l -./* Ytq>H9N°#' ¢"+ « 945@FF

d+2O p45X

d O pmtq>99+ «+2

3p±tq>H9m' s + -./* p 6z99+ «345Xl ,*/ ¥±H9m' H,  yz ~²n²Qp³´@At+ A3$µp%=>l @At3+  2?tQ¶·@3& H93'='sH@+ 45 FrF?+ 2?6782 8?N¸ptX
s v¹NBC=+ sEpªv« lº«@At(tN»)' m+

d+2O 3{{  I Yl XYp+ ¼CIp½m @9    !"#$%&'() *+,-./& -./ &01234506778)9:)&;<=>?@/,, AB&C&DE

AB&C& dD , d+2O = Table . 1F4GH1IJKLMNOPQRS1T,UV06
W@ dD = , X&YC,Z[%\] d+2O =YCG]-^_)1 *.,*./ `@ Cl ab=,.,  ,.. g ῌ l %\5 Wc IJ&dC= , X&Y,Z[eCf1gH6 dD 6YCG]. d+2O 6 *./ h@

C&iRNjk45:P1 ./&lkm&nomNp@q Cl ab, dD &rs, d+2O ,dD &rsN Fig. - a  b 1tuqF4 v&w)xyx)WGH1 AB&C=zC,eC&{grs)x|+ zC\5@=}zC&~=Px+W@ D= NaCl N,456 C   Z&rs)x= C&iR=eC,x+5 eCiR& NaCl &,?q= J 1%= &GHWzD&W
1SC,?q+5g6 @ *&GHWC= Cl ab6 *./- gῌl $b dD =*&&eC,¡¢? d+2O =?£?£¤,& Z¥¦1G] *./, `@ §£ 
Table . dD, d+2O and chemical composition of the hot spring water and surface water.

Hot springs

Oga Hotel
Yuzankaku
Oga onsen#+Yumoto Hotel
Yumoto spring
Yumoto river
Nomura river
Yunojiri (sea water)

Temp,


pH

/+4.
/+4.
.,4+
.34-342
+/4.
+14/
,-43

04.
14,
24+
042
14+
143
2424/

Isotopicratios, Chemical composition, mg/l

dD

d+2O

Na

K

Mg,

Ca,

Cl

SO.,

CO,*

.3
.3
.3
.2
/.3
.3
0

14.
140
14.
1424.
143
142
*4,

+.2*
+.,*
+./*

3*
22
23

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+*+*.

,0,
+3*
,0-

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,-+

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24+
043
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00
-.
-/
+21**

,+
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10*
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* Dissolved carbonate shown as CO, in unit of mg/l.

Fig. - Relationships of dD vs. Cl (a) and dD vs. d+2O (b) of the present hot
spring water, and possible relationship of dD and d+2O of the hot springwater at the time of travertine formation (AC).

10

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mgῌl 567 d+-C 4#,.3"#+..$ 89: ;<, =>/01)9 *=?

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TY F,89L] *^_`abcd Z5 # =? e>5Y3$%fLg>BC895h&fL!
/!,!- i?j>4>BC89DE

i?j>4kl5 # >BC89: YmT nop *qr4m\g5 5  sKL d+2O  -./$ r*j5kl> d+2O r.' ! FGH j>* Fig. - b

( A 8t , R51u vw4kl:Tx

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/!,!.  n> DE

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5

5 kl>8* d+2O L* *./$ 89

3 2 4fL3 +5 -! FGH

! >BC NaCl 6@>5Y3*

Cl * ,* gῌl 5 ,,-6 -kl58*6q578  , ¡¢8s2m\3: Cl *9£5T +. gῌl 89! YmY FLK* LT:
8 > d+2O *>5¤¥ 89! g ¦? 2 3* NaῌK .4 1*"+** 56§¨ῌ©;+323! FLK NaῌK Na#K

ª8* n* +**% «n5-! 5+¬48* NaῌK .* +0 89: Table . Na#K ª8* +2*% ­ ! Yg4\3 4 q®8 5 ¯@>4>8fLgT5
IJ*<Y !
/!,!/ F^DE

i?j>4 >«°BC> ,J]=>g*=> ±²³´µ,-_BC> 9 *6,- n8R5¶ =·Yg6@>4>8
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-! Yg4\3 TY½H  n2> dD 5 d+2O ¸¹4kl

d+2O L49GH* B 5 C 

11 





 

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1 %2345 46"478' 9:9 )*%.8 ./0%1%; -<=>?
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JKLMU@hi j9IQ J

K%k(l:VFg="m( ]%Qg="[\Q7" ]%n3@

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d+2O Q jopq:0k(l:VFc="@r47" 9:9 stu9I 0 4@]%&'!c-<=P@v0/r Table - .%[\B!GY#0/"

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I JK% :0]%U%%X-O9 )*%X 9I
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%23+,:0©

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JK%(Q)*% CaCO- $&WB!¸9F

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12

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