Asteroid explorer, Hayabusa2,reporter briefing

November 30, 2020
JAXA Hayabusa2 ProjectTopicsRegarding Hayabusa2
Results from TCM-3
Details of capsule separation and re-entry
Preparation status for capsule collection

2020/11/30

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

2

Contents
0. Hayabusa2 and mission flow outline
1. Current status and overall schedule of the project
2. Results from TCM-3
3. Details of capsule separation and re-entry
4. Preparation status for capsule collection
5. Outreach
6. Future plans
2020/11/30

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

3Overview of Hayabusa2
Objective
We will explore and sample the C-type asteroid Ryugu, which is a more primitive type than the S-type asteroid
Itokawa that Hayabusa explored, and elucidate interactions between minerals, water, and organic matter in theprimitive solar system. By doing so, we will learn about the origin and evolution of Earth, the oceans, and life, andmaintain and develop the technologies for deep-space return exploration (as demonstrated with Hayabusa), a field
in which Japan leads the world.
Expected results and effects
By exploring a C-type asteroid, which is rich in water and organic materials, we will clarify interactions between
the building blocks of Earth and the evolution of its oceans and life, thereby developing solar system science.
 Japan will further its worldwide lead in this field by taking on the new challenge of obtaining samples from acrater produced by an impacting device.
We will establish stable technologies for return exploration of solar-system bodies.
Features:World’s first sample return mission to a C-type asteroid.
World’s first attempt at a rendezvous with an asteroid and performance of observation before and after projectile
impact from an impactor.
Comparison with results from Hayabusa will allow deeper understanding of the distribution, origins, andevolution of materials in the solar system.
International positioningJapan is a leader in the field of primitive body exploration, and visiting a type-C asteroid marks a newaccomplishment.
This mission builds on the originality and successes of the Hayabusa mission. In addition to developing planetaryscience and solar system exploration technologies in Japan, this mission develops new frontiers in exploration ofprimitive heavenly bodies.
NASA too is conducting an asteroid sample return mission, OSIRIS-REx (launch: 2016; asteroid arrival: 2018;
Earth return: 2023). We will exchange samples and otherwise promote scientific exchange, and expect furtherscientific findings through comparison and investigation of the results from both missions.

2020/11/30

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing(Illustration: Akihiro Ikeshita)

Hayabusa 2 primary specifications
MassApprox. 609 kg
Launch3 Dec 2014
MissionAsteroid returnArrival
27 June 2018
Deoarture
13 Mov 2019
Earth return6 Dec 2020 (plan)
Stay at asteroid Approx. 18 months
Target body
Near-Earth asteroid Ryugu

Primary instruments
Sampling mechanism, re-entry capsule, optical cameras, laser
range-finder, scientific observation equipment (near-infrared,thermal infrared), impactor, miniature rovers.

4Mission flow
LaunchDec 3, 2014

Earth swing-by
Dec 3, 2015

MINERVA-II1 separation
Sep 21, 2018

Ryugu arrival
June 27, 2018

Target marker
separation
Oct 25, 2018

Ryugu
departure
Nov 13, 2019

Targetmarker
completeDec. 6, 2020
MINERVA-II2 separation
separation
Sept. 17,
(image credit: illustrations including spacecraft
Oct. 3, 20192019by Akihiro Ikeshita, others by JAXA)

Earth return

2020/11/30

MASCOT
separation
Oct 3, 2018

Secondtouchdown
July 11, 2019

Targetmarker
separation
May 30,2019

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

Impactor (SCI)
5 April, 2019

First touchdown
Feb 22, 20195

1. Current project status & schedule overview
Current
status:––––On November 25, we obtained permission from Australia to transition to the re-entry orbit.
TCM-3 was conducted on November 26, and the control maneuver to place the spacecraft into theatmospheric entry orbit towards Woomera, Australia was completed.
After precisely estimating the resultant orbit, it was determined that it was unnecessary to correct theTCM-3 orbit itself, and it was decided to move onto the next TCM-4.
In Woomera, the preparations underway for re-entry capsule recovery.
2015

Schedule
overview123

,(1( *-.$/ 1(-,Event2016
10 12

20174
 - 2/ ,$6  1 -  0 1 $/ - ( #* 2,"' /1'04(,&!6$" 89
-21'$/,'$+(0.'$/$01 1(-,
1$01-.$/ 1(-,0-.$/ 1(-,0 6  "1 6
2,2019

 /2020

6 7../- "'4(,&!6

$" -,$,&(,$-.$/ 1(-,07  /2018

 6

-3

1212

$$,1/6
 /1'/$12/,

01$/-(#./-5(+(16-.$/ 1(-,0//(3 * 162&2

$. /12/$%/-+62&2

2,$

-3

 .02*$/$$,1/6
$"   

.1(" *, 3(& 1(-, -* / "-,)2,"1(-, 6 2* -3

./

 ,

2,

$"
$"

$!

 6

$.1

8(+ &$"/$#(1:9
2020/11/30

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing6

2. Results from TCM-3• On November 25, we obtained permission from the Commonwealth Return Safety Officer(CRSO) to transition Hayabusa2 onto the re-entry trajectory to the Woomera Prohibited Area(WPA) in Australia. #Judgement found no problem with navigation, guidance, planning,
spacecraft or ground system)• On November 26, TCM-3, the third precision orbit control using the chemical engines (RCS)
was performed, and the orbit correction was achieved as planned#TCM: Trajectory Correction
Maneuver$.
• The main control for TCM-3 was performed around 16:00 JST and the controlled correction(trim) around 17:00. The orbit control amount was about 1.2 m/s.
 

Atmospheric entry target "10km% TCM-3
Deflection angle 0.0085!
Flight speed (vs Earth) 4.36 km/s
Orbit change amount (thruster injection
acceleration amount) 1.2m/s

Passing
altitude290km

     # %  $
2020/11/30

" 
 Hayabusa2 reporter briefing7

2. Results from TCM-3
Orbit guidance by TCM

Team movement at TCM-4

GroundEdge ofsurface
atmospherealtitude 0km) (altitude 200km

After After
TCM3 TCM4
Aftercapsuleseparation

Guidance target
area at TCM3(inside Woomera)

11/30 1-12 JST
Orbit determination: measure and calculate the flight position ofthe spacecraft. JAXAFujitsuJPLPlanned rou
te

In precision
guidance, a virtual
target is set aroundthe Earth and orbit
control isperformed to aim
for a specific pointon that target.

BeforeTCM1↓

11/30 13-14 JST

Orbit evaluation: evaluate calculation results of the flight positionand chose one from 3 solutions (JAXA, Fujitsu, JPL, NEC)↓

11/30 14-19 JST

Trajectory plan: create trajectory correction plan JAXANEC↓

11/30 17-22 JST

BeforeTCM3

After TCM1
Before TCM2

100km

Attitude plan: attitude plan for injection, create thruster injection
plan (JAXA)↓

11/30 night 22-23 JST
Confirm plan: Final confirmation meeting (TCM Go/No Go)
 The Australian permit was obtained after TCM3↓

12/1 all day

Actual operation

image credit: JAXA
2020/11/30

For each TCM, there are 2
cycles of practice/production

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing82. Results from TCM-3
TCM3TCM4 concept
ü TCM3 adjusts the course
to one that enters theatmosphere overWoomera.
ü TCM4 modifies thistrajectory to land closer
and more accurately tothe area where therecovery team awaits.

    
2020/11/30

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing93. Details of capsule separation & re-entry
Schedule
EventTime (JST)Earth distance (altitude)

TCM-4orbit control correction

12/1 Around 16:00

1.74 million km

Capsule separation

12/5 14:30

220,000 km

TCM-5orbit control correction to
depart from the Earth’s sphere

12/5 15:3018:00

200,000 – 160,000 km(spacecraft)

Spacecraft enters shadowed area

12/6 1:57

12,000km (spacecraft)

Capsule imaging

12/6 2:2830

700km300km (spacecraft)

Capsule atmospheric entry

12/6 2:2829120km (capsule)Spacecraft exits shadow

12/6 2:31

350km (spacecraft)

Parachute deployment

12/6 2:3133

117km (capsule)

Capsule landing

12/6 2:4757

0km (capsule)2020/11/30

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing10

3. Details of capsuleseparation & re-entry
Re-entry explanatory
diagram     
2020/11/30

11

3. Details of capsule separation & re-entry
! #!'" #!"    # )""! %%%  $#!"!
#"!"""!!(!#!!"# "%' " (&#!  #"!#   %!#"#  %!#" %!
2020/11/30

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing12

4. Preparation status for capsule collection••

The main team arrived at Woomera on 11/24 and began settling up antennas, etc.
The temperature at the time of installation was over 40℃. Work was under the scorching sun whiletrying to prevent heat stroke.
Assembly of DFS antennaCompleted assembly of DFS antenna    
2020/11/30

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing13

4. Preparation status for capsule collection••

The main team arrived at Woomera on 11/24 and began settling up antennas, etc.
The temperature at the time of installation was over 40℃. Work was under the scorching sun while
trying to prevent heat stroke.

MRS antenna assembly complete

MRS antenna assembly complete    
2020/11/30

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

14

4. Preparation status for capsule collection•The QLF clean booth has been set up and is being tested.

    
2020/11/30

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing15

5. Outreach
Ryugu & Hayabusa2 return observation campaign• Number of registered campaigns135• Many reports (28 as of November 26) have already been made of observations of Ryugu.
• For observations of Hayabusa2 just before re-entry, data for the observation will be provided
to registrants.
• A special observation team (nicknamed “Hayabusan2”) was formed among the registeredobservers and if the observation is successful, the position and luminosity will be measured.
Also, attempts will be made to try and observe the separated capsule. (24 teams as ofNovember 26)
 The Subaru Telescope succeeded in imaging Hayabusa2 on November 20 (Hawaii time)• Organisers: Hayabusa2 Project, Japan Public Observatories Society (JAPOS), The Planetary Society ofJapan (TPSJ)• Campaign URLs:
JAPOS https://www.city.himeji.lg.jp/atom/planet/info/campaign/haya2return/index.html
TPSJ
http://planetary.jp/Haya2-Special/projects/hayabusa2-serv.html
2020/11/30

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

16

6. Future plans Operation schedule
2020/12/1 TCM-4
2020/12/5 TCM-5
2020/12/6 Re-entry
Press and media briefings
2020/12/4 16:00 Press conference JAXA Sagamihara Campus
2020/12/6 16:30 Press conference JAXA Sagamihara Campus
Internet live broadcast
2020/12/5 13:3016:40 (until 17:30) Capsule separation
2020/12/6 02:0003:10
Capsule fireball2020/11/30

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

17Reference

2020/11/30

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

18Return cruise operation plan
Return phase orbit map��������� �����1���� �������� ����7����7���7���������������������7����������������� ��������

17�7������7��������������7�����������

�������7�7������7����������

1���� �7������7
H�������������    
2020/11/30

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing��� ����7����7���7������
H�7����������� �7�����������
19

Operation plan for re-entry terminal guidanceCapsule separation
12/5 14:30 JST
220,000 km from Earth

Done

TCM-0

Orbit fine adjustmentusing RCS, same for later TCMs
(10/22, ~17M km from Earth)Orbit fine adjustment(11/12, ~9M km from Earth)

TCM-1

TCM-2

Te(O rmin
cto albe Gur idanc)ePhaDoneDone
Targeting to Woomera(around 11/26, 3.6M km from Earth)

TCM-3

Change to Earth departure trajectory 12/5 15:30-18:00JST 
200,000~180,000 km from Earth

Orbit fine adjustment(around 12/1, 16:00 JST. 1.74M kmfrom Earth)

TCM-4

Capsuleseparation

seTCM-5• May change depending on conditions.
• At TCM-0,1,2, the spacecraft will enter an orbit that passes more than 200 km away from the Earth.
• After capsule separation, the spacecraft will divert from the reentry trajectory by TCM-5.
2020/11/30

Capsule landing12/6 2:47-2:57 JST 

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

deltituasingsaPkm290Targe
for t traTC ject
M- or0,1 y,2Ion engine TCMDone9/17, ~36M km from Earth)TCM: Trajectory Correction Maneuverryectojart
apecsE    20

Ryugu & Hayabusa2 return observation campaign
observation site

Privateobservation sites                
2020/11/30

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

21