MYRRHA

Multipurpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications
Contributing to the 3rd Pillar of the European Strategy for P&T
Prof. Dr. Hamid AÏT ABDERRAHIM
Deputy Director General of SCK•CEN
Director of the MYRRHA Project
haitabde@sckcen.be or myrrha@sckcen.be
International Symposium on “Nuclear Back-end Issues and the Role of Nuclear Transmutation
Technology after Fukushima Accident”
November 28, 2013, KURRI, Kyoto (JP)Copyright © 2013
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Energy challenges for our planetcorrelation Oil reserves and trade / armed conflicts in the world

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SCK•CENEnergy challenges for our planet:

Another world map when it comes to classical oil resources

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What are the challenges for Nuc. R&D?
 Attract new talents and E&T them Continue to address the nuclear safety through highly
instrumented experiments
 Come with acceptable solution for nuclear waste Develop new nuclear fission energy technologies:
more sustainable and compatible with future energy
environment
 Prepare the path for the nuclear fusion energy
production
 Guarantee welfare of the population via nucl. Med.
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SCK•CENMYRRHA - Accelerator Driven System
Reactor

Accelerator• Subcritical or Critical modes• 65 to 100 MWth(600 MeV - 4 mA proton)

Spallation Source

Multipurpose
Flexible
Irradiation
Facility

Fast
NeutronSource

Lead-Bismuth
coolant
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MYRRHA Accelerator Challenge
fundamental parameters (ADS)
particlepbeam energy

600 MeVbeam current

4 mAmode

CW

MTBF> 250 h
failure = beam trip > 3 s

implementation
superconducting linac
frequency

176.1 / 352.2 / 704.4 MHz

reliability = redundancy

double injector“fault tolerant” scheme
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About beam trips

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MYRRHA linac

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SCK•CENReactor layout

Reactor Vessel
Reactor CoverCore Support StructureCore BarrelCore Support PlateJacket
Core Plug
Multifunctional Channels
Core Restraint System



IVFS



IVFHMCore Reflector Assemblies
 Dummy Assemblies
 Fuel Assemblies
Spallation Target Assembly and Beam Line
Above Core StructureControl Rods, Safety Rods, Mo-99 production units
Primary Heat Exchangers
Primary Pumps
Si-doping Facility
Diaphragm



IVFHS

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Core and Fuel Assemblies 151 positions
 37 multifunctional plugs

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Core and Fuel Assemblies
 Fuel Cladding in 15-15 Ti
 Wire wrap
 Wrapper in T91

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Cooling systems
 Decay heat removal (DHR) throughsecondary loops
 4 independent loops
 redundancy (each loop has 100%capability) passive operation (naturalconvection in primary, secondaryand tertiary loop)

 Ultimate DHR through RVCS(natural convection)

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Integration into buildingCopyright © 2013
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Multipurpose LRI R&D facility
Fuel researchΦtot = 0.5 to 1.1015 n/cm².s

Φ = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s(ppm He/dpa ~ 10)in medium-large volumes

Material researchΦFast = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s(En>1 MeV) in large volumes

Fission GEN IV
50 to 100 MWthΦFast = ~1015 n/cm².s(En>0.75 MeV)

Waste

Multipurpose
hYbridResearch
Reactor for
High-tech
Applications
Radioisotopes

Φth = 0.5 to 2.1015 n/cm².s(En<0.4 eV)

FusionHigh energy LINAC
600 MeV – 1 GeVLong irradiation timeFundamentalresearch
SilicondopingΦth = 0.1 to 1.1014 n/cm².s(En<0.4 eV)
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SCK•CENTo attract new talents
Importance of LRI in the innovation loop
Investingin R&D
infrastructure
BR2
but after 50 years…

Attractivenessof R&D

Attraction

in Belgium

talents

Outputs

World-classofMYRRHA

Science = basic science
Technology = applied science

ofR&D

R&D
programmesServices = sources of revenue
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Educate & Train new talents
ISOL@MYRRHA- Concept
MYRRHA- Concept• thin refractory metal foils• carbide powders• liquid targets•surface ion source•ECR ion source•RILIS

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Applications in ISOL@MYRRHA
MassesNuclearPhysics

QED tests in HCI

δ<r2>, µ, Q

AtomicPhysics

Bohr-Weisskopf: A- and g-factors

Decay (log ft, Pxn/yp)

Ultra-high selectivity: LIST configuration
Rare decays: GTGR, β xn/yp, cluster decay, SHE
Extreme precision: e.g., crystal spectrometry

Astrophysics

Reactions (σ, B(E2), C2S)

Fundamental
Interactions

Ft values,Correlations (β-ν,…),EDM

CondensedMatterPrototyping
Mössbauer,
β-NMR, PAC,EC-SLICorrelations (β -ν, ...), EDM: Statistics +control systematic effects of setup

Systematic sample measurements

Chemistry

SHE chemistry

Biology

Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu,
Zn β-NMR inproteins

MedicalApplications

Radiopharmacy
Systematic production of Radiopharmaceuticals(prototyping)
Dedicated radiotherapy center
Radiotherapy (prototyping)

Typical BeamTime/ExperimentDay

Systematic sample measurements

WeekMonth© 2013
YearCopyrightSCK•CEN

Relative radiotoxicity

Come with acceptable solutions for HLW
Motivation for transmutationtransmutationof spent fuelspent fuelreprocessing

noreprocessing

Uraniumnaturel

Time (years)

Duration Reduction
1.000xVolume Reduction
100x
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MYRRHA contributes tothe European Strategy for P&T The implementation of P&T of a large part of the high-level nuclear
wastes in Europe needs the demonstration of its feasibility at an“engineering” level. The respective R&D activities could bearranged in four “building blocks”:
1. Demonstration of the capability to process a sizable amount of spent fuel fromcommercial LWRs in order to separate plutonium (Pu), uranium (U) and minoractinides (MA),
2. Demonstration of the capability to fabricate at a semi-industrial level thededicated fuel needed to load in a dedicated transmuter, (JRC-ITU)
3. Design and construction of one or more dedicated transmuters,

4. Provision of a specific installation for processing of the dedicated fuelunloaded from the transmuter, which can be of a different type than the oneused to process the original spent fuel unloaded from the commercial power
plants, together with the fabrication of new dedicated fuel.

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Even with completely different national NE policies
European solution for HLW works with ADS
Spentfuel A

Reprocessing
A

GROUP A
Pu + MAADS fuel
fabrication
Pu + MA

MAReprocessing
B

ADS

ADS fuelreprocessing

Spent fuelADS

SHAREDREGIONAL
FACILITIES

Pu
MOX
Fabrication

PWR
MOX

Spent
fuel BUOX
Fabrication

EnrichedUPWR
UOX

GROUP B

 Advantages for A• ADS shared with B• ADS burn A’s Pu&MA• Smaller Fu-Cycle
units & shared•••••Advantages for B
ADS shared with B
ADS burn B’s MA
A’s uses B’s Pu (part)as resource in FR
FR fleet not contam
with MA’s
Smaller Fu-Cycle
units & shared

Scenario 1 objective: elimination of A’s spent fuel by 2100
A = Countries Phasing Out, B = Countries Continuing

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Prepare the path for Fusion DEMO
Irradiation capabilities in the spallation target+10 cm0 cm-30 cmCopyright © 2013
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MYRRHA for fusion irradiations

Estimated damage induced in DEMO and proposed
irradiation conditions in IFMIF and MYRRHA-IMIFF
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Guarantee welfare of the population via nucl. Med.

Radioisotope (Mo-99) production capability

Specific activity (Ci/g-U)

300
250
200

Average specificpower150
Mo-99, upper set
Mo-99, central set
Mo-99, lower set
Tc-99m, upper set
Tc-99m, central set
Tc-99m, lower set

10050

173 W/cm2

184 W/cm2

00

100

200

300

Time (hours)

400

500
171 W/cm2
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European Context
ESFRI
European
Strategic
Forum forResearch
Infrastructure

Knowledge
EconomyEnergyIndependence

SET Plan
European
Strategic
Energy Plan

27.11.2010

Confirmed on ESFRI
priority list projects

15.11.2010

in ESNII(SNETP goals)
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Belgian commitment: secured
International consortium: under construction
2nd phase (11 y)others 576 M€

Consortium

Belgium 60 M€(12 M€/y x 5 y)Belgium 324 M€(36 M€/y x 9 y)

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The project schedule
Executing presently the FEED Phase: 2010-2014
2010-20142015
Front End
Tendering &Engineering
Procurement
Design2016-2018
Construction ofcomponents &civil engineering

2019
On siteassembly

2020-2022
2023
2024Commissioning Progressive
Fullstart-up
exploitation

Minimisetechnologicalrisks

Securethe licensing

Secure asoundmanagement
andinvestment
structure

PDP

PSAR

preliminary
dismantling
planpreliminary
safetyassesment

CentralProjectTeam

Owner
Consortium
Group

EIAR

environmental
impactassesment

Owner
EngineeringTeam

FEED(Front EndEngineeringDesign)
2010-2014

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MYRRHA: an international network
Japanese actors of today

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SCK•CENINVESTMENT PHASE

International Members Consortium – Phase 1
As of early 2012
Primary«investors»

Belgian Federal Ministryof Energy(50%)
Belgian Federal Ministryof Science Policy (50%)

Participation vehicle(Consortium members)

Contribution toinvestment
capital(960 M€’09)«ERIC» (*)

IPRmanagement
rules tbd

SCK•CEN(on behalf ofBelgianFederalGovernment)

40 %BEMajor European partners

EU country

A major Asian partner

Asian country

Asian country

EU FP7 (RTD) / SET-Plan (Energy)

EU participation

EUROW

ROW participation

ROW

Publicfoundation

EU countries(*) European Research
Infrastructure Consortium

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OPERATION PHASE

International Members Consortium - Phase 2«ERIC» (*)
CLOSED/SHAREDINFORMATION
for MoCOPEN
INFORMATIONSHAREDINFORMATION
for participants
CLOSEDINFORMATION
for participants

Members of Consortium ~25%

- Individual research of a member of Consortium- Collaborative research amongst members ofConsortium- 3 years program commitment

Open User Facility

BENEFITS for Members of Consortium• Board position to control overal operation• Priority of access• Potential benefit of low price (compensationprofit from commercial revenues)• Capacity transfer flexibility (rules tbd)

~25%

- Governments funding- Criteria of research excellence- Independant program access committee (PAC)

Collaborative research~25%- Distribution of information to participantsContract research…..
Commercial services- RI- NTD Silicon~25%SCK•CEN

as qualified andlicenced operator ofthe MYRRHAinfrastructure undercontractual
arrangement with ERIC(*) European Research
Infrastructure Consortium
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Conclusions

Europe should invest in its new LRI’sand open them widely MYRRHA As a Multipurpose Fast Spetrum irradiation
facility selected by ESFRI, is responding to: The issue of addressing the nuclear waste legacy of present
reactor technology through advance options (ADS, P&T)
 The SNETP need for a multipurpose research infrastructure
expressed in its Strategic Research Agenda whatever theconsidered technology for Gen.IV systems
 The Objective of Belgium and SCK•CEN to maintain a high level
expertise in the country in the nuclear safety, nuclear technology
and nuclear competencies independently of the future of NE
 The objective of the European Commission to make available aseries of relevant irradiations facilities for the fusion material
research community towards the DEMO construction
 Secure society needs for RI for medical applications and DoppedSi for renewable Energy
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History of fruitfull collaboration between
Japan & Belgium• Japan is a pioneer in research on closed fuel cycle: OMEGA projectthrough OECD/NEA launched in mid-80’s• Belgium pioneer in MOX fuel technology development & qualification forFRs and LWRs
• During the 90’s decade a strong cooperation between Belgium(SCK•CEN & Belgonucléaire) and Japan Industry (MHI, TOSHIBA,CRIEPI) on MOX qualification for use in Japanese PWR’s and BWR’s• Under EURATOM-Japan agreement: in 2004 first collaboration between
EUROTRANS FP6 / JAEA on ADS Design and associated technologies• In 2006, first agreement between JAEA and SCK•CEN on ADS
development

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SCK•CENSCK•CEN / JAEA Collaboration Aggr. Signaturein Brussels 23.11.2006
General Agreement in Nuclear Energy:• Topic on ADS Development:
1. ADS design including experimental ones
2. material study for fuel cladding
3. Pb-Bi technology• Agreement renewed in 201132

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SCK•CENIn 2012 EoI in MYRRHA sent by JAEA
Prof. Suzuki asking to start negotiation for Letter of Commitment
Beginning of 2013

33

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Interest of Japan and Belgium to collaborate on ADS
GUINEVERE/TEF-P/TEF-T/MYRRHA/Industrial ADS• JAEA and SCK•CEN are sharing a clear view on the role of ADS in a doublestrata closed fuel cycle strategy• SCK•CEN•

has built from 2007 to 2009, licensed and is operating GUINEVERE a Zero Power Pb-based ADS
driven by a D-T source. Presently it is used for running an experimental programme for preparing
the licensing of MYRRHA•

Since 1998 is advancing the design of MYRRHA a 100 MWth experimental ADS facility aiming to be
the first worldwide power ADS to demonstrate the reliable and efficient operation of ADS• JAEA has planned to build 2 experimental ADS facilities:•TEF-P: the Transmutation Experimental Facility for Physics a Zero Power ADS based on a spallation
source generated with a proton very low power beam : 600 MeV* 17 nA that will act as GUINEVERE•TEF-T: the Transmutation Experimental Facility for Technology a spallation source generated with aproton average power beam : 600 MeV* 0.33 mA without a sub-critical core. TEF-T is intended as asmall scale irradiation facility for ADS structural and fuel qualification.

• KURRI has coupled the KURRI reactor to a FFAG Accelerator• These facilities will pave the road towards the experimental largescale ADS (600 to 800 MWth)Copyright © 2013
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MYRRHA: EXPERIMENTAL ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEM
A pan-European, innovative and unique facility at Mol (BE)BR2 reactor(existing)Utilitiesbuildings

ECR source &Injector Building

MYRRHA LINAC
high energy tunnel

MYRRHA
reactorbuilding

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PLEASE NOTE!
This presentation contains data, information and formats for dedicated use ONLY and may not be copied,distributed or cited without the explicit permission of the SCK•CEN. If this has been obtained, please reference it
as a “personal communication. By courtesy of SCK•CEN”.

SCK•CEN
Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie
Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire
Belgian Nuclear Research CentreStichting van Openbaar Nut
Fondation d'Utilité PubliqueFoundation of Public Utility
Registered Office: Avenue Herrmann-Debrouxlaan 40 – BE-1160 BRUSSELS
Operational Office: Boeretang 200 – BE-2400 MOL

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