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Automated drivingin the EU

Directorate-General for Internal Market,Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs
Automotive and Mobility Industries Unit

Who does what in the EU for automated driving?

• Product legislation is mostly developedat EU level
Vehicle type approvalProduct liability/General product safetyRoad worthiness tests• Liability, traffic rules and infrastructure
are mostly developed at Member Statelevel Experimentations covered at national level Some traffic rules are harmonized at UN
level (Vienna and Geneva conventions).

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EU Type approval legislation• Mandatory since 1998 for cars
• Fully harmonized requirements:
once certified, registration isvalid everywhere in the EU.
FrameworkRegulation(EU)
858/2018• Heavily relies on UN regulations
for technical rules.
• Third party certification• Covers also market surveillance3

EU approach on Automated driving
EU strategy adopted in 2018:••••

Common vision
On road Large scale Testing
EU Guidelines
New EU legal framework for AD
NON- MONITORED DRIVINGMONITORED DRIVING
Eyes onHands on

Eyes off
Hands off

Driver role

Vehicle role

TEMPORARYHANDS OFF

Lateral or longitudinal
control is accompised by
the system

Driver only

System has longitudinaland lateral control in a
specific use case

Assisted

Already on the market

System has longitudinal
AND lateral control in a
specific use case. System
recognises theperformance limits andrequests driver toresume control within asufficient time margin

Conditional
automation

System cancope with all
situations
automatically ina defined use
caseHigh automation

2020-2030

System can copewith all situations
automaticallyduring the entire
journey. No driver
required.

Full automation

EU vision on Automated drivingToday

2025

Vehicles levels 1-2(driver assist)available on the EUmarket

Still too many road fatalities on EU roads.
90% of accident involve human errors

2021-2024:
Robot taxis/
shuttles (level4) firstcommercialservices.

2021: First“highwaychauffeur”(level 3/4) togo on the EU
market2030

2050

Major uptakeof Robot taxi/
shuttles incities, level 42024-2026
All new vehicles on
EU market equippedwith level 1 (EU law)
or 2.

2030

Zero fatalities
Mobility services
Key technologies

Major uptake of level4 passenger cars onmotorways

First level 3/4
trucks on
motorways

Major uptake oflevel 4 trucks on
motorways

On-road large-scale testing
Urban
Systems

Shared AV fleets in urban areas (SHOW)
Fully automated urban road transport (AVENUE)

TrucksAutomated trucks in real logistics operations
Multi-Brand Platooning (ENSEMBLE)

Passenger
Cars

Highly Automated Vehicles
ICT infrastructure for automation (ICT4ART)
L3 Pilot
AutoPilot

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

• Testing is regulated by the EU Member states but on-going
activities to harmonise the practice of Member States at EU level(technical guidelines)

2026

EU guidelines on automated vehicles• Main safety principles:• 1. SYSTEM PERFORMANCE IN THE AUTOMATED DRIVING MODE
(Including Duty Of Care Principles)• 2. DRIVER/OPERATOR/PASSENGER INTERACTION• 3. TRANSITION OF THE DRIVING TASKS• 4. MINIMUM RISK MANOEUVRE• 5. INSTALLATION OF EVENT DATA RECORDERS• 6. CYBERSECURITY• 7. SAFETY ASSESMENT AND TESTS• 8. INFORMATION PROVISION TO AUTOMATED VEHICLE USERS• ANNEX : INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED FOR TYPE APPROVALSupported by Member States on 12 February 2019
Publicly available•• No request for exemption of Level 3-4 has been filled until now.
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New EU Vehicle safety regulation• Proposed as part of the 3rd Mobility
Package on 17 May 2018
• Promote driver assistancesystems• Provide the legal framework forConnected and AutomatedDriving• Agreed on 26 March 2019.
• Applicable from mid-2022• http://www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/ficheprocedure.do?lang=&reference=2018/0145(COD)• Now developping the technicalmeasures for Q1/2021

Technical rules for EU Vehicle safety regulation
1st phase of implementation (A/B)✓ Intelligent speed assistance (ISA)*✓ Emergency lane keeping (cars and vans)

2nd phase of implementation (C)✓ Advanced emergency braking forpedestrians and cyclists (cars andvans)✓ Advanced emergency braking for stationary/moving vehicles(cars and vans)✓ Event data recorder (cars and vans)*✓ Advanced driver distraction warning✓ Enlarged head impact zone (cars andvans)✓ Alcohol interlock installation facilitation* ✓ Emergency stop signal* ✓ Reversing detection*✓ Tyres in worn condition✓ Driver drowsiness and attention warning*✓ Blind spot information system (trucks and buses)✓ Event data recorder (for automatedvehicles)

3rd phase of implementation (D)✓ Direct vision requirements(trucks and buses)✓ Event data recorder (trucksand buses)*Pedestrian protection for small
series: mid-2028 (new types)
 mid-2034 (new vehicles)✓ Driver availability monitoring (forautomated vehicles)

(ALKS)✓ Tyre pressure monitoring system (vans, trucks and buses)✓ Cybersecurity & software update✓ Platooning (for automated trucks)✓ Pedestrians and cyclists collision warning (trucks and buses)

new types

new vehicles/parts

new types

new vehicles/tyres

new types

new vehicles

6 July 2022

7 July 2024

7 July 2024

7 July 2026

7 Jan 2026

7 Jan 2029

Supplementary legislation to be adopted by:

6 April 2021

7 April 2023

7 September 2024

* Detailed technical requirements to be set out in Delegated Acts.
Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 enters into force on 5 January 2020.

 =Text frozen = Draft text

Automated driving: Simple to regulate?
Manualdriving(includingdriverassistant):
Driver drives-Shall not cause
accident-respect trafic rules-Allow interaction
with other roadusers

Activation

Deactivation

Takeover request

Minimum risk
manoeuvre

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Automated
driving:
Systemdrives:-Shall not cause
accident-respect trafic rules-Allow interaction
with other roadusers
-Inform thedriver/Passenger-Is able to detect
its limits for
activation andminimum risk
manoeuvre

Driving is actually a complex taskMore tasks
More sensors
More software
More complexity
More risks
Need for a newassessment/
demonstrationmethod8Which EU approach for AD?
1. The design/development/safety processes
shall adress the relevant risks linked to traffic

scenarios, human factor, perception, cybersecurity, andfailures. Safety concept +the residual level of risk
should be statistically better than human driving.

2. Testing (simulation, track, on road) shallconfirm basic driving capabilities of thevehicles (to drive safely, to avoid crashes)
3. Confirmation of the residual risk aftermarket introduction : reporting
Associated requirements• New competences of the authorities (audit)• Transparency on audits• Less fixed parameters in testing8

EU involvement in the UN
Vehiclerules

Traffic
rules

Done:

Next:

June 2020 : Automated lane
keeping at low speed(below 60 km/h), cybersecurity and software
updates.

Functional
requirements,
New
assessment method,,EDR.
 ALKS extension

 Done: Next: Systems assisting thedriver Recommendations for AD Sept 2020: Amendment
to the Vienna convention
to allow automateddriving systems as adriver Allowed otheractivities for levels 3and 4.
 Driver outside thevehicle.
 Specific rules fordriverless vehicles ina new convention?

+ Raise awareness on the need to amend national legislation.
Consider possible new areas of harmonisation at EU level (e.g.
liability, traffic rules)

European Commission
Directorate-Generalfor

Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship andSMEs
Automotive and Mobility Industries Unit

Thanks for your attention
antony.lagrange@ec.europa.eu

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