KURRI Int. Sympo., Kyoto, 28th Nov., 2013

Accelerator-Driven System (ADS) Study inKyoto University Research Reactor Institute(KURRI)

Cheol Ho Pyeon
Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Japan

C. H. Pyeon, Kyoto Univ. 1

KURRI Int. Sympo., Kyoto, 28th Nov., 2013

Contents
 Background and Purpose Composition of ADS in Kyoto Univ. (KUCA + 100 MeV protons)
 Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA)
 Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) accelerator
 ADS experiments with 100 MeV protons
 Injection of high-energy protons into 235U- and 232Th-loaded cores
235U-loaded: C. H. Pyeon et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 46, 1091 (2009).

J. Y. Lim et al., Sci. Technol. Nucl. Install., 2012, 395878, 9 pages, (2012).
C. H. Pyeon et al., Nucl. Eng. Technol., 45, 81 (2013).
Y. Takahashi et al., Ann. Nucl. Energy, 54, 162 (2013).
T. Yagi et al., Appl. Radiat. Isot., 72, 11 (2013).
232Th-loaded: C. H. Pyeon et al., Ann. Nucl. Energy, 38, 2298 (2011).
C. H. Pyeon et al., Nucl. Sci. Eng., (2014). [in print]

 Forthcoming ADS experiments with 100 MeV protons Uncertainties of x-sec data of Pb, Bi and Pb-Bi (critical state)
 Mockup ADS experiments with the use of 235U-loaded and Pb-Bi-zoned core
 MA nuclear transmutation in ADS: 237Np capture and 241Am fission
 Conversion analyses: 232Th capture and 233U fission
 SummaryC. H. Pyeon, Kyoto Univ. 2

KURRI Int. Sympo., Kyoto, 28th Nov., 2013

Background ADS Research and Development (since the end of 1990’s)
for producing energy and transmuting minor actinides (MA)and long-lived fission products (LLFP) World’s first injection of 100 MeV protons onto tungsten (W)target at KUCA on 4th Mar. 2009
C. H. Pyeon et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 46, 1091 (2009).
C. H. Pyeon et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 47, 1090 (2010).

 232Th-loaded ADS experiments with 100 MeV protons
on 3rd Mar. 2010
C. H. Pyeon et al., Ann. Nucl. Energy, 38, 2298 (2011).

 Successive 235U- and 232Th-loaded ADS experiments with100 MeV protons on 2011, 2012 and 2013
J. Y. Lim et al., Sci. Technol. Nucl. Install., 2012, 395878, 9 pages, (2012).
C. H. Pyeon et al., Nucl. Eng. Technol., 45, 81 (2013).
Y. Takahashi et al., Ann. Nucl. Energy, 54, 162 (2013).
T. Yagi et al., Appl. Radiat. Isot., 72, 11 (2013).
C. H. Pyeon et al., Nucl. Sci. Eng., (2014). [in print]
C. H. Pyeon, Kyoto Univ. 3

KURRI Int. Sympo., Kyoto, 28th Nov., 2013

Road map of ADS for nuclear transmutation

MYRRHA in Belgium
 ~2.4 MW-beam, 50~100 MWth
 Demonstration of ADS tech.
 Fuel irradiation
TEF of J-PARC in Japan Pb-Bi target exp.
 Reactor physics exp. (MA in kg order)
 R&D of basic and eng.

Actual ADS plant 30 MW-beam, 800 MWth
 MA nucl. trans. of 10 LWR plants

R&D ofReactor physics of MA fuel
Target materials

Principle

Demonstration

PowerADS tech. w/o MA fuel (Pb-Bi core,Accelerator, Operation experiences)

Concept②ADS plant R&D of engineering
feasibility①KUCA-FFAG:
Reactor Physics Exp.
Reactor Physics Exps. at KUCA

 High-reliability of accelerator
 Control of subcriticality
 Removal system of heat decay
C. H. Pyeon, Kyoto Univ. 4

KURRI Int. Sympo., Kyoto, 28th Nov., 2013

ADS composition in KUCA

FFAG accelerator

KUCA A-core

100 MeVproton
beamline

C. H. Pyeon, Kyoto Univ. 5

KURRI Int. Sympo., Kyoto, 28th Nov., 2013

Key parameters in ADS (Reactor physics)
Reactor core
 Neutron spectrum - Soft or Hard: Thermal or Fast
 Subcriticality - Near critical or Deep subcritical
External source Neutron spectrum - High-energy neutrons(ex. 14 MeV neutrons vs. 100 MeV protons)
 Beam specification - Energy, Intensity, Beam spot,
Beam repetition rate, Beam width
Research objectives
Investigate the neutronic characteristics and feasibilityof ADS, from the viewpoint of energy amplifier system andnuclear transmutation
C. H. Pyeon, Kyoto Univ. 6

KURRI Int. Sympo., Kyoto, 28th Nov., 2013

First injection of spallation neutrons
2009/3/4 FFAG-KUCA ADS Experiment
10000
run 1
run 2
run 3

Counts/ch

1000

100

10

1
00.005

0.01

0.015

0.02
0.025
Time (sec)

0.03

0.035

0.04

Fig. Time series of neutrons
Spallation neutrons from target
Delayed neutrons in core
C. H. Pyeon et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 46, 1091 (2009).

Neutron multiplication by spallation neutrons generated by protonsC. H. Pyeon, Kyoto Univ. 7

KURRI Int. Sympo., Kyoto, 28th Nov., 2013

232Th-loaded ADS Exp. (Energy amplifier system)

Upper
上部






Experimental settings

Normalized Reaction Rate [A.U.]

Void

Th_Experiment
Th_ENDF/B-VII
Th_ENDF/B-VII-No fission

2.54 cm
25.4 cm

1.0

Th

Unit cell

Fuel size: 5×5
Volume: 27.65×27.65×25.40 cm3keff = 0.03250 (MCNPX with ENDF/B-VII.0)
232Th(n, f) threshold: 2.0 MeV
115In(n, n’)115mIn threshold: 0.35 MeV
Protons: 100 MeV, 0.03 nA, 200 ns, 30 Hz
Tungsten target (80 mm diam. and 10 mm thick)

0.8Thorium core

0.60.4

Void Al57.2 cm

0.20.00510152025

Distance from core surface [cm]Fig. Comparison of measured and calculated reaction
rates in 232Th-loaded core

下部LowerC. H. Pyeon et al., Ann. Nucl. Energy, 38, 2298 (2011).

W target
Neutrons
Protons

C. H. Pyeon, Kyoto Univ. 8

KURRI Int. Sympo., Kyoto, 28th Nov., 2013

Static benchmarks on 232Th-ADS (for IAEA CW*)
10 11 12 1314 15 16

10 11 12 1317 18 19 2017 18 19 20PQ
In wire position

RIn wire position

TP TP TP TP TPTU

TP TP TP TP TPUTB TB TB TB TB

VTP TP TP TP TPVTB TB TB TB TB

W

TP TP TP TP TPWTB TB TB TB TB

XTP TP TP TP TPXTB TB TB TB TB

Y

Y

Z

Z
10 11 12 13

14 15 16

17 18 19 20

O

10 11 12 13

14 15 16

17 18 19 20

20.0
Th-PE
Th-Gr
Th-Be

Th-HEU-PE

10.0

NU-PE

O

P

P

Q

QR

TB TB TB TB TB

In wire position

RT

TH TH TH TH TH

T

NP NP NP NP NP

U

TH TH TH TH THUNP NP NP NP NP

V

TH TH TH TH TH

V

NP NP NP NP NPW

TH TH TH TH TH

W

NP NP NP NP NPX

TH TH TH TH THX

NP NP NP NP NPYYZZ00In wire position

102030Fig. Measured 115In (n, γ)116mIn reaction rates (100 MeV protons)
40.0Core region

Polyethylene
region
Th-PE

30.0

Th-Gr

3Fig. Core configuration of 232Th-loaded cores

Fig.
Fig. Th-PE
Th-PE cells
cells

40

Distance from W target [cm]Reaction rates [1/s/cm /source]

TPolyethylene
regionCore region

Reaction rates [1/s/cm3/source]

PQ
R14 15 16OO

Fig. Th-Be cells

C. H. Pyeon et al., Nucl. Sci. Eng., (2014). [in print]

Th-Be
Th-HEU-PE

20.0

NU-PE

10.00010203040

Distance from T target [cm]Fig. Measured 115In (n, γ)116mIn reaction rates (14 MeV neutrons)*: IAEA CW: “Thorium-ADS Benchmarks at KUCA,” IAEA Collaboration Work on ADS (2013).

C. H. Pyeon, Kyoto Univ. 9

KURRI Int. Sympo., Kyoto, 28th Nov., 2013

Kinetic benchmarks on 232Th-ADS (for IAEA CW)
20 19 18 1716 15 1413 12 11 10102

KHe-3 #1101JHe-3 #2IH

33G

TH TH He
TH#2TH TH

E

TH TH TH TH TH

DTH TH TH TH TH

B

3AHe #1

Count [cps]In wire position
He #3100

He-3 #3-1

1010-2
3He #410-3

TH TH TH TH TH
TH TH TH TH TH

10-4

A'Fig. Core configuration of 232Th-Poly. Cores(100 MeV protons)

00.0020.004
0.006
Time [s]

0.008

0.01

Fig. Results in Th-HEU-PE with 100 MeV protons
102He-3 #1

Cal.

Exp.

CoreMCNPX

100 MeVProtons

14 MeV
Neutrons

Th-HEU-PE

0.58760.73460.6577βeff = 8.491E-03; SRAC-CITATION 107-G, 3-D
α = 5065 ± 28 (100 MeV Protons)

5288 ± 13 (14 MeV Neutrons)

C. H. Pyeon et al., Nucl. Sci. Eng., (2014). [in print]

Count [cps]Table Results in keff

101

(3He #3; Area ratio method)He-3 #2
He-3 #3

100He-3 #4
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4

0

0.002

0.004
0.006
Time [s]

0.008

0.01

Fig. Results in Th-HEU-PE with 14 MeV neutrons
C. H. Pyeon, Kyoto Univ. 10

KURRI Int. Sympo., Kyoto, 28th Nov., 2013

Collaboration with JAEA (Pb-Bi x-sec.) Motivation Discrepancy between JENDL-3.3 and JENDL-4.0 of Pb-Bi x-sec.
through numerical simulations of JAEA ADS model (Pb-Bi coolant model)

 Experiments at KUCA (critical state) Sample worth (reactivity) of Pb and Pb-Bi plates in the critical state
Forthcoming experiments (Successive investigation)
 Sample worth of Pb, Bi and Pb-Bi plates in the critical state (finished in Pb and Pb-Bi)
Table Sample reactivity (C/E value) of Pb plates (unit: pcm)
Reactivity (pcm)

JENDL-3.3

JENDL-4.0

ENDF/B-VII.089

1.62±0.14

1.17±0.11

1.05±0.11105

1.57±0.11

1.09±0.09

0.97±0.09140

1.52±0.08

1.04±0.07

1.02±0.06

151

1.66±0.08

1.17±0.07

1.13±0.07
C. H. Pyeon, Kyoto Univ. 11

KURRI Int. Sympo., Kyoto, 28th Nov., 2013

MA conversion analyses (237Np and 241Am)
 235U-loaded and Pb-Bi-zoned core
 Back-To-Back Type Fission Chamber(BTB fission chamber) Electrodeposited samples
 Test sample: 237Np or 241Am,
Reference sample: 235U or 238U
 Loaded in a void element at core center Simultaneous irradiation of test &reference samples
Fig. U-loaded and Pb-Bi-zoned core

 ADS experiments with the variation of
subcriticality and neutron spectrum inthe core, and external neutron source
Another forthcoming ADS experiment 232Th-loaded ADS experiments
 Conversion analyses of
232Th capture and 233U fission reactions

Fig. BTB fission chamber
Fig. Neutron spectrum in Pb-Bi zone

C. H. Pyeon, Kyoto Univ. 12

KURRI Int. Sympo., Kyoto, 28th Nov., 2013

Summary ADS project (Kart & Lab. project) in Kyoto Univ.

 Basic study on nuclear transmutation by ADS with high-energy protons

 Injection of 100 MeV protons into the reactor core
 235U-loaded ADS exp. with 100 MeV protons (World’s first injection)
 232Th-loaded ADS exp. with 100 MeV protons
 Static experiments: 232Th fission reactions by MCNPX with ENDF/B-VII.0
 Kinetic experiments: subcriticality and prompt decay constants
 Comparative study on neutron spectrum and external neutron source 235U-loaded ADS exp. with 100 MeV protons (No slide) Study on two-layer and Pb-Bi target at the target and in the core

Forthcoming ADS experiments with 100 MeV protons
 Uncertainties of Bi x-sec. (critical state) Conversion analyses of 237Np/241Am in 235U-loaded and Pb-Bi zoned core
 Another conversion analyses using 232Th/233U
C. H. Pyeon, Kyoto Univ. 13