SWEEs Ver.1.0
Operating Manual

Version 1.0.3
May 30, 2016

FUJITSU KYUSHU SYSTEMS Ltd.

Table of Contents
1. Features of the probabilistic exposure evaluation model .................................................................... 1
2. Program environment ........................................................................................................................... 3
2.1. Target OS........................................................................................................................................3
2.2. Program start-up method ..............................................................................................................3
2.3. Caution ...........................................................................................................................................4
3. Overall structure of SWEEs ................................................................................................................. 6
4. Detailed description of operating screen .............................................................................................. 8
4.1. Top screen .......................................................................................................................................8
4.2. Screen for basic setting ..................................................................................................................94.3. Screen for setting substance dependent (E) ................................................................................124.4. Screen for setting liquid mist for activity dependent (H) ...........................................................15
4.4.1. Spraying liquid ..................................................................................................................15
4.4.2. Handling with open surface or reservoir ..........................................................................16
4.4.3. Handling solid substance contaminated with evaluated substance ...............................17
4.4.4. Application of liquid product.............................................................................................18
4.4.5. Ultrafast liquid use ...........................................................................................................19
4.5. Screen for setting liquid steam for activity dependent (H) ........................................................21
4.5.1. Spraying liquid ..................................................................................................................21
4.5.2. Handling with open surface or reservoir ..........................................................................22
4.5.3. Handling solid substance contaminated with evaluated substance ...............................23
4.5.4. Application of liquid product.............................................................................................24
4.5.5. Ultrafast liquid use ...........................................................................................................25
4.6. Screen for setting localized control (LC) .....................................................................................27
4.7. Screen for setting surface contamination (Su) (for near field) ...................................................28
4.8. Screen for setting dispersion (D) .................................................................................................29
4.8.1. If the work duration is 60 minutes or below ....................................................................29
4.8.2. If the work duration is more than 60 minutes .................................................................30
4.9. Screen for setting segregation (Seg) (for far field) ......................................................................31
4.10.

Screen for setting the separation (Sep) (for far field) ..........................................................32

4.11.
Screen for setting the dispersion (D) for far field ................................................................33
4.11.1.
If the work duration is 60 minutes or less ....................................................................33
4.11.2.
If the work duration is more than 60 minutes .............................................................34
4.12.
Screen for displaying estimate results .................................................................................35
4.13.

Report screen.........................................................................................................................37

4.14.

Screen for setting observed data ..........................................................................................41

4.15.
csv file output ........................................................................................................................42
5. Operating Guide for SWEEs............................................................................................................... 44
5.1. Start the top screen ......................................................................................................................46
5.2. Make the basic setting .................................................................................................................46
5.3. Set the modifying factors for task 1 ............................................................................................47
5.3.1. Set the modifying factors for near field ............................................................................47
5.3.2. Set the modifying factors for far field ...............................................................................54
5.4. Set the modifying factors for task 2 ............................................................................................58
5.4.1. Substance emission potential (E)......................................................................................59
5.4.2. Activity emission potential (Hnf) .......................................................................................59
5.4.3. Localized control (LCnf) .....................................................................................................60i

5.4.4. Surface contamination (Su)...............................................................................................60
5.4.5. Dispersion (D) ....................................................................................................................61
5.5. Calculate the exposure concentration .........................................................................................61
5.6. Display estimate results ..............................................................................................................62
5.6.1. Display prior distribution graph .......................................................................................62
5.6.2. Bayes update .....................................................................................................................63
5.6.3. Display posterior distribution ...........................................................................................64
5.6.4. Superimpose prior and posterior distributions ................................................................65
5.6.5. Display cumulative probability density distribution .......................................................66
5.7. Enlist estimate results .................................................................................................................67
5.7.1. Display the input and estimated values. ..........................................................................67
5.7.2. Correct observed values ....................................................................................................68
5.8. Output estimate result report .....................................................................................................70
5.9. Print the estimate result report ..................................................................................................71
6. Acknowledgment ................................................................................................................................. 72
7. References............................................................................................................................................ 72
8. Appendix .............................................................................................................................................. 73

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1. Features of the probabilistic exposure evaluation modelThis tool (SWEEs: integrated Score-based Workplace Exposure Estimating system) is anadvanced exposure evaluation tool which estimates exposure concentration in workplaces. It
probabilistically treats the confidence interval of predicted value and dispersion in exposure
concentration inside and between workers in order to estimate the exposure concentration
distribution. With the probabilistic prediction for exposure concentration, this tool can assist
managers with implementing self-management for exposure and render higher cost-effectivenessthan do qualitative and deterministic evaluations which make safe estimates.
This tool is made with Advanced REACH Tool (ART), developed in Europe, as the model. The input
is exposure-related information, which describes the exposure condition of the worker, such as work
type, substance form, steam pressure, and presence/absence of local exhaust ventilation. By inputting
exposure-related information, a certain exposure scenario is set, and the corresponding exposure
concentration distribution is estimated. Moreover, by inputting limited exposure data particular toindividual managers, it is possible to make more accurate predictions of exposure concentration
distribution (Figure 1-1).
For the target substance forms, this tool can handle liquids mist or steam. The definitions of mist
and steam are as follows.
Table 1-1 Classification of substance forms
Substance form
Liquid mist
Liquid steam

Definition
Floating fine particles of liquefied steam
Vaporized liquid

Unlike the probabilistic exposure evaluation tools based on the conventional numerical model
which uses emission amount from the source and air velocity, this tool estimates the exposure
concentration based on the exposure-related information of the workplace and the regression equationfor exposure concentration. As the modifying factors for the model used in this tool are the ones basedon the exposure concentration and exposure-related information in Europe, investigation in
workplaces in Japan is not sufficient. Also, it remains to examine and correct the values of themodifying factors and the terminology. For this reason, it is possible that the output results cannot
directly be used as actual proof. Organization of exposure data in Japanese workplaces would makea probabilistic exposure evaluation model with better accuracy.

1

Figure 1-1 Input and output structure of SWEEs
Exposure-related information prepared in advance by the user
・Work procedure of the worker to be evaluated (labor duration and work duration)
・Name of substance handled, steam pressure, working temperature・Map of the workplace and amount of ventilation
・Measured value of exposure concentration in the workplace (optional)* This manual is written based on the following references: Fransman et al. (2010)，Tielemans et al.
(2011)，Fransman et al.(2011), and Schinkel et al. (2011).

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2. Program environment

2.1. Target OS
This software supports Windows7 and Windows 8.1. We do not provide performance guarantee foruse with other OS. Also, the execution of this program requires Microsoft .Net Framework 3.5. Pleaseinstall it if not yet installed.
2.2. Program start-up method
Start the program following the steps (1) - (2) shown below.
(1) Double-click SWEEs.exe (application) in the “SWEEs Ver.1.0” folder of CD.

Figure 2-1 The folder structure of SWEEs Ver1.0 (with extensions)※If the extensions are now shown, double-click SWEEs (application).

Figure 2-2 The folder structure of SWEEs Ver1.0 (without extensions)(2) Check that the top screen of “SWEEs Ver1.0” starts.

3

Figure 2-3 Top screen
2.3. Caution
This tool is normally displayed when the Windows screen size is 100 %, and the screen might bebroken if the screen size is a different value. If the screen size is not 100 %, change the size to 100 %(below examples shows "small-100%" selected) in Control Panel > Display and start.

Figure 2-4-1 Display setting (Windows 7)

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Figure 2-4-2 Display setting (Windows 8.1)

5

3. Overall structure of SWEEs
Top screen

Screen forbasic settingWith nearWith far field*1

Screen for setting
substance dependent
Screen for setting
activity dependent (H)*2
Screen for setting
localized control (LC)*2
Screen for setting
surface contamination(Su) *2

Screen for setting
activity dependent (H)*2

Screen for setting
localized control (LC)*2

Screen for setting
source segregation(Seg)*2
Screen for setting
individual
separation (Sep)*2

Screen for setting
dispersion (D)*2

Screen for setting
dispersion (D)*2

Screen for displaying
estimate results

Report screen*1: Near field and far field (See Figure 3-1)
Near field (nf): Spatial region within 1 m from the worker's mouth in the vertical, horizontal
and depth directions (8 m3)
Far field (ff): Work space other than the near field*2：Modifying factors of SWEEs: In SWEEs, the model coefficients are called the “modifying factors”.

6Figure 3-1 Near field and far field in this tool7

4. Detailed description of operating screen

This chapter provides detailed descriptions of all the operating screens of SWEEs.

4.1.

Top screen

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Figure 4-1 Top screen

ID

Item

Description①“Start” button

When clicked, it displays the screen for basic setting.

②“Read file” button

It displays a file open dialog, use the information in the selected csv file
to display screen for basic setting.

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4.2.

Screen for basic setting
3

1

4

2

5

6

6

6

7

7

6

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Figure 4-2 Screen for basic setting

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ID

②

Item
“Name of analysis scenario” textbox
“Substance name” text box③“Substance form” radio button④“Setting”
buttoninformation⑤“Total work duration” text box⑥“Work duration” text box for eachtask⑦

“Substance dependent (E)” text box

①

⑧
⑨
⑩
⑪
⑫
⑬
⑭
⑮
⑯
⑰
⑱

⑲

“source segregation (Seg)” text box(for far field)“individual separation (Sep)” text
box (for far field)

Description
Enter the name of analysis scenario. Arbitrary name of analysis scenario
can be entered.
Enter the substance name. Arbitrary substance name can be entered.
The current version, which selects liquid mist or liquid steam, cannot
evaluate solid polish dust or solid dust.
If clicked after entering name of analysis scenario and substance name andselecting substance form, input for the setting of working condition isenabled.
Enter the total work duration in minutes for the entered scenario.
Enter the work duration in minutes for tasks 1 - 4. If the modifying factorsof near field for task 1 are not entered, entering time in the work durationtext boxes 2 - 4 are disabled. Similarly, in order to enter the work duration
for the next task, all input values for the previous task must be completed.
It displays the modifying factor value set in the screen for setting substancedependent (E).
It displays the modifying factor value set in the screen for setting activity
dependent (H).
It displays the modifying factor value set in the screen for setting localized
control (LC).
If two local exhaust ventilation devices are set, it displays the modifying
factor values in accordance with the second device type in the screen for
setting localized control (LC).
It displays the modifying factor value set in the screen for setting surface
contamination (Su). The value of this item is common for near and far fields.
It displays the modifying factor value set in the screen for setting dispersion(D).
It displays the value of the modifying factor set in the screen for setting
activity dependent (H).
It displays the modifying factor value set in the screen for setting localized
control (LC).
If two local exhaust ventilation devices are set, it displays the modifying
factor values in accordance with the second device type in the screen for
setting localized control (LC).
It displays the value of the modifying factor set in the screen for setting
source segregation (Seg).
It displays the value of the modifying factor set in the screen for setting
individual separation (Seg).

“Dispersion (D)” text box (for far
field)

It displays the modifying factor value set in the screen for setting dispersion(D).

“Setting” button forfactors (for near field)

When clicked, it switches to the screen for setting the modifying factors fornear field. For near field, it displays the screen for setting substancedependent (E). In order to enter values for the next task, all input values forthe previous task must be completed. Similarly, if the task 2 (3) is notcompletely set, clicking the setting button is disabled for task 3 (4).

for

basic

“Activity dependent (H)” text box(for near field)“Localized control 1 (LC1)” text box(for near field)“Localized control 2 (LC2)” text box(for near field)“Surface contamination (Su)” textbox
“Dispersion (D)” text box (for nearfield)“Activity dependent (H)” text box(for far field)“Localized control 1 (LC1)” text box(for far field)“Localized control 2 (LC2)” text box(for far field)

modifyingmodifying

When clicked, it switches to the screen for setting the modifying factors forfar field. For far field, it is set when there is a large source outside the 8 m3
region around the worker's mouth. For far field, it displays the screen for
setting activity dependent (H). If the modifying factors of near field for thesame task are not set, clicking the setting button for far field is disabled.
If the setting button is selectable, hovering the cursor over the button leads
to a comment around the button, stating “For far field, it is set when there
is a large source outside the 8 m3 region around the worker's mouth.”⑳“Setting” button forfactors (for far field)㉑“Return” button

Clicking this button makes the system return to the top screen.

㉒

Status display㉓“Calculation” button

It displays the condition of the current setting. It highlights each status.
The system makes calculations based on the set modifying factors anddisplays the screen for estimation result.

10※About modifying factors
Table 4-1 shows the characteristics and reasons for the assignment of the modifying factors in
SWEEs.
Table 4-1 characteristics and reasons for the assignment of the modifying factors
Modifying factor

Abbreviation

SymbolInformation source

Characteristics(3-patternclassification)
A. Takes a value common fornear and far fields

Substance
Substance emission
E“First principles” with respect todependent
potential
physiochemical properties(Substance emission
potential)
Activity
emission Activity
H
Exposure data from calibration B. Takes a value different for
dependent
potential
database,
literature
data, near and far fields（ Activity emission
expertpotential）
judgment
Localized
control Localized
LC
ECEL database* andexpert B. Takes a value different forcontrol（Localized
elicitation workshop
near and far fields
control）
Source Segregation Segregation
Seg
ECEL
database*,expert C. Factor only for far field(Segregation)
judgment
Separation
Individual
Sep
ECEL
database*,expert C. Factor only for far field
Separation
judgments(Separation)
Surface
Surface
Su
Expert judgment
A. Common for near and far
contamination
contamination
fields(Surface
contamination)
Dispersion
Dispersion
D
Simulation with two-component B. Different for near and far(Dispersion)box model
fields* Exposure Control Efficacy Library (ECEL) database is an evidence database with collection of efficacy ofmanagement strategies for inhalation exposure. The database contains the efficacy evaluations for management
strategy for exposure based on 433 pieces of data extracted from 90 reviewed papers from the four important academic
journals in occupational health (Annals of Occupational Hygiene, American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal,
Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, and Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene)(Fransman et al. 2008).
Source: Fransman et al. 2010. Added “Characteristics”column to the table.

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4.3.

Screen for setting substance dependent (E)
1

2

3

4

5
6
7
8

9

13
10

14

11
12
15
16
18

17

20
21

19

Figure 4-3 Screen for setting substance dependent (E)
ID
①
②
③
④

⑤

Item

Description“Conditions for calculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.

“Without temperature correction”

Check when not making the temperature correction for steam pressure.

radio button

If this button is checked, inputting to ③ Steam pressure becomes enabled.

“Steam pressure” text box

Enter the value for steam pressure.

“Substance dependent (E) value”

When clicking ⑫ Calculation button, it calculates the value of substancetext box

dependent from ③ Steam pressure and displays the value.

“Mixedsolvent

concentration

estimate” check box

With ② “Without temperature correction” button checked, clicking thischeck box leads to a calculation of the substance dependent (E) based on
molar fraction and activity coefficient.

⑥“Molar fraction” text box⑦“Activity coefficient” text box

For calculating the substance dependent (E) with mixed solvent, enter themolar fraction.
For calculating the substance dependent (E) with mixed solvent, enter theactivity coefficient.
Check when making the temperature correction for steam pressure.
If this button is checked, inputting to ⑥ Steam pressure, ⑦ Temperature

⑧

“With

temperatureradio button

correction”

during steam pressure measurement, ⑧ Boiling point, and ⑨ Workplacetemperature becomes enabled.
After entering these values, clicking ⑫ Calculation button leads todisplaying calculated results to ⑩ Steam pressure after temperaturecorrection and ⑪ Substance dependent (E) value

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⑨
⑩
⑪
⑫
⑬
⑭

⑮

“Steam pressure” text box“TemperatureduringEnter the value for steam pressure.
steampressure measurement” text box“Boiling point” text box“Temperature in workplace” text
box

Enter the temperature during steam pressure measurement.
Enter the boiling point of the target substance.
Enter the temperature in workplace.

“Steam pressure after temperature

When clicking ⑫ Calculation button, it calculates steam pressure after

correction” text box

temperature correction and displays it.

“Substance dependent (E) value”

When clicking ⑫ Calculation button, it calculates the value of substancetext box

dependent (E) based on temperature correction and displays the value.

“Mixedsolvent

concentration

estimate” check box⑯“Molar fraction” text box⑰“Activity coefficient” text box

With ⑧ “With temperature correction” button checked, clicking this checkbox leads to a calculation of the substance dependent (E) based on molar
fraction and activity coefficient.
For calculating the substance dependent (E) with mixed solvent, enter themolar fraction.
For calculating the substance dependent (E) with mixed solvent, enter theactivity coefficient.
It calculates the substance dependent (E).
With ② “Without temperature correction” button checked, it calculates thesubstance dependent (E) based on the ③ Steam pressure. The calculation
result is displayed in ④ Substance dependent (E) value.

⑱“Calculation” buttonWith ⑤ “With temperature correction” button checked, it calculates thesteam pressure after temperature correction and the substance dependent(E) based on the values of -⑥ Steam pressure, ⑦Temperature during steampressure measurement, ⑧ Boiling point, and ⑨ Temperature in workplace.
The calculation results are displayed in ⑩ Steam pressure after
temperature correction and ⑪ Substance dependent (E) value.

⑲“Return” button⑳

Status display

2○1“Next” button

Returns to the screen for basic setting.
The current setting condition is displayed in the status bar. Near field isdisplayed in blue.
Moves onto the screen for setting activity dependent (H).

※Method for calculating the substance dependent (E)The substance dependent (E: Substance dependent emission potential) is calculated from thesubstance's steam pressure P [Pa] (see below equation). Here, E＝1 for p >30,000 [Pa] and E＝3.33×104 for P <10[Pa].
𝑝
𝐸
30,000In the case of toluene, for example, the steam pressure at 20℃ is 2,930 Pa (=22 mmHg). Using theabove equation, the substance dependent (E) is calculated as (E)＝2,930/30,000 =0.0977.
This indicates that the worker’s exposure concentration is 0.0977 times lower than that in the caseof handling substance with steam pressure of 30,000 ［Pa］.
Also, in the case of a mixture, the steam pressure of substance i in the mixture, Pi,mix, can becalculated based on the molar fraction χi and the activity coefficient γi. The activity coefficient of thesubstance is calculated using the xIUNIFAC*1 model (below equation).
𝑝,
𝛾 𝜒 𝑝

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In the case of a mixture, the substance dependent emission potential (Ei) can be calculated by the
below equation.
𝐸𝑝,30,000※1. Reference for the xIUNIFAC model
Randhol, P. and Engelien H.K. (2000) xlUNIFAC, a Computer Program for Calculation of Liquid
Activity Coefficients Using the UNIFAC Model.
※About temperature correction for steam pressure
When the substance's steam pressure during work is not known, the substance's steam pressure Pi(Ｔ) at temperature T is calculated by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.

 ⊿H v  1 1   
pi (T )  pi  exp
T

R

 p T Here, Pi: Steam pressure of substance i at temperature Ｔp
R: Gas constant 8.314[J/K・mol]⊿Ｈv: Enthalpy of vaporization⊿ H v  R  ln

p2
1
101325  1
1 
 

 T2 TB 

Here, P2: Steam pressure at temperature T2
TB : Boiling point of substance i

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4.4. Screen for setting liquid mist for activity dependent (H)4.4.1. Spraying liquid
1

2

5

3

6
5

5

4

7

5

8

9

Figure 4-4 Screen for setting liquid mist for activity dependent (H)
ID

Item

Description①“Conditions for calculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.
Select the applicable work type from the available work types. When selecting②“Work type” radio button“Spraying liquid”, the “Screen for work subtype” is displayed as shown in Figure
4-4.

③
④

Work

subtype“Surfacespraying” radio buttonWork

subtype“Spacespraying” radio button

Select this for the work subtype of “Surface spraying”.
Select this for the work subtype of “Space spraying”.
If the user wishes to enter a score value, the user enters it in this text box.
The ranges of input values are as follows.

⑤“User input” text box

Spray speed User input : 0.1～3
Spray direction User input : 0.3～3
Spray technique User input : 1～3
Spray region User input : 1～10⑥

“Score setting” radio button⑦“Score setting” radio button

This is selectable if ③ is selected. The modifying factor for activity dependent (H)is the product of the scores corresponding to the selectable parts.
This is selectable if ④ is selected. The modifying factor for activity dependent (H)is the score corresponding to the selectable part.

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⑧“Return” button⑨“Next” button

The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is not set, and the system returns
to the screen for setting substance dependent (E).
The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is set, and the system moves on to
the screen for setting localized control (LC).

4.4.2. Handling with open surface or reservoir

1

2

3
6
5
4
7
5

8

9

Figure 4-5 Screen for setting liquid mist for activity dependent (H)

ID

Item

Description①“Conditions for calculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.

②“Work type” radio button

Select the applicable work type from the available work types. When selecting“Handling with open surface or reservoir”, the “Screen for work subtype” isdisplayed as shown in Figure 4-5.
Work③subtype“Withoutstirring”

Select this for the work subtype of “Without stirring”.

radio button④

Work subtype “With stirring”
radio button

Select this for the work subtype of “With stirring”.
If the user wishes to enter a score value, the user enters it in this text box.

⑤

“User input” text box

The ranges of input values are as follows.
Without stirring Open area User input: 0.001-0.3
With stirring Open area User input: 0.001-0.3

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⑥
⑦

“Score setting” radio button“Score setting” radio button⑧“Return” button⑨“Next” button

This is selectable if ③ is selected. The modifying factor for activity dependent(H) is the corresponding score.
This is selectable if ④ is selected. The modifying factor for activity dependent(H) is the corresponding score.
The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is not set, and the system returns
to the screen for setting substance dependent (E).
The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is set, and the system moves onto the screen for setting localized control (LC).

4.4.3. Handling solid substance contaminated with evaluated substance

1

2

4
3

5
3

6

7

Figure 4-6 Screen for setting liquid mist for activity dependent (H)
ID

Item

Description①“Conditions for calculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.

②“Work type” radio button

Select the applicable work type from the available work types. When selecting“Handling solid substance contaminated by evaluated substance*1”, the “Screen
for work subtype” is displayed as shown in Figure 4-6.
If the user wishes to enter a score value, the user enters it in this text box.
③

“User input” text box

The ranges of input values are as follows.
Contamination area User input: 0.001～0.3
Contamination rate User input: 0.1～1④“Score setting” radio button

Select one that applies. The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is the
product of the scores for ③ Contamination area*2 and ④ Contamination rate*3.

17⑤“Score setting” radio button⑥“Return” button⑦“Next” button

Select one that applies. The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is the
product of the scores for ③ Contamination area*2 and ④ Contamination rate*3.
The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is not set, and the system
returns to the screen for setting substance dependent (E).
The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is set, and the system moves onto the screen for setting localized control (LC).
(Note on table)*1: Evaluated substance: the substance selected in the conditions for calculation and evaluated by
SWEEs. In this example, it is toluene.
*2: Contamination area: Surface area of the solid substance*3: Contamination rate: Rate of the evaluated substance attached to the surface of the solid substance.

4.4.4. Application of liquid product

1

2

4

3

5

6

Figure 4-7 Screen for setting liquid mist for activity dependent (H)

ID

Item

Description①“Conditions for calculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.

②“Work type” radio button

Select the applicable work type from the available work types. When selecting“Application of liquid product”, the “Screen for work subtype” is displayed asshown in Figure 4-7.
If the user wishes to enter a score value, the user enters it in this text box.
③

“User input” text box

The ranges of input values are as follows.
Application speed User input : 0.001～0.3

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④“Score setting” radio button⑤“Return” button⑥

Select one that applies. The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is thescore corresponding to the selected item.
The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is not set, and the system
returns to the screen for setting substance dependent (E).
The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is set, and the system moves“Next” button

on to the screen for setting localized control (LC).

4.4.5. Ultrafast liquid use

1

2

4
3
5
3

6

7

Figure 4-8 Screen for setting liquid mist for activity dependent (H)
ID

Item

Description①“Conditions for calculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.

②“Work type” radio button

Select the applicable work type from the available work types. When selecting“Ultrafast liquid use”, the “Screen for work subtype” is displayed as shown in
Figure 4-8.
If the user wishes to enter a score value, the user enters it in this text box.
③

“User input” text box

The ranges of input values are as follows.
Stirring speed User input: 1～3
Degree of contact with air User input : 0.3～1
Select one that applies. The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is the④“Score setting” radio button

product of the scores corresponding to ③Stirring speed* and ④ Degree ofcontact with air.

19Select one that applies. The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is the⑤“Score setting” radio button

product of the scores corresponding to ③Stirring speed* and ④ Degree ofcontact with air.

⑥

“Return” button⑦“Next” button

The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is not set, and the system
returns to the screen for setting substance dependent (E).
The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is set, and the system moves

on to the screen for setting localized control (LC).
(Note on table)* Stirring speed: Stirring speed of the stirring device.

20

4.5. Screen for setting liquid steam for activity dependent (H)
4.5.1. Spraying liquid
1

2

3

5
6
5
5

4

7

5

9

8

Figure 4-9 Screen for setting liquid steam for activity dependent (H)
ID

Item

Description①“Conditions for calculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.
Select the applicable work type from the available work types. When selecting②“Work type” radio button“Spraying liquid”, the “Screen for work subtype” is displayed as shown in Figure
4-9.

③
④

Work

subtype“Surfacespraying” radio buttonWork

subtype“Spacespraying” radio button

Select this for the work subtype of “Surface spraying”.
Select this for the work subtype of “Space spraying”.
If the user wishes to enter a score value, the user enters it in this text box.
The ranges of input values are as follows.

⑤“User input” text box

Spray speed User input : 0.1～3
Spray direction User input : 0.3～3
Spray technique User input : 1～3
Spray region User input : 1～10⑥⑦

“Score setting” radio button“Score setting” radio button

This is selectable if ③ is selected. The modifying factor for activity dependent (H)is the product of the scores corresponding to the selectable parts.
This is selectable if ④ is selected. The modifying factor for activity dependent (H)is the score corresponding to the selectable part.

21

⑧
⑨

The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is not set, and the system returns“Return” button

to the screen for setting substance dependent (E).
The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is set, and the system moves on to“Next” button

the screen for setting localized control (LC).

4.5.2. Handling with open surface or reservoir

1

2

3
6
5
4
7
5

9

8

Figure 4-10 Screen for setting liquid steam for activity dependent (H)

ID

Item

Description①“Conditions for calculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.

②“Work type” radio button“Handling with open surface or reservoir”, the “Screen for work subtype” isSelect the applicable work type from the available work types. When selecting
displayed as shown in Figure 4-10.
③④

Work subtype “No affected
substance” radio buttonWork

subtype“Stirring

surface” radio button

Select this for the work subtype of “No affected substance”.
Select this for the work subtype of “Stirring surface”.
If the user wishes to enter a score value, the user enters in this text box.

⑤

“User input” text box

The ranges of input values are as follows.
Without stirring Open area User input: 0.001～0.03
With stirring Open area User input: 0.003～1⑥“Score setting” radio button

This is selectable if ③ is selected. The modifying factor for activity dependent

22

(H) is the corresponding score.
⑦“Score setting” radio button⑧“Return” button⑨“Next” button

This is selectable if ④ is selected. The modifying factor for activity dependent(H) is the corresponding score.
The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is not set, and the system returns
to the screen for setting substance dependent (E).
The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is set, and the system moves onto the screen for setting localized control (LC).

4.5.3. Handling solid substance contaminated with evaluated substance

1

2

4
3

5
3

6

7

Figure 4-11 Screen for setting liquid steam for activity dependent (H)

ID
①

Item
“Conditions

Description
forcalculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.
Select the applicable work type from the available work types. When selecting②“Work type” radio button“Handling of solid contaminated by evaluated substance”, the “Screen for work
subtype” is displayed as shown in Figure 4-11.
If the user wishes to enter a score value, the user enters it in this text box.

③

“User input” text box

The ranges of input values are as follows.
Contamination area User input: 0.003～1
Contamination rate User input: 0.1～1

23

④
⑤

“Scoresetting”

radio

setting”

radiobutton“ScoreSelect one that applies. The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is the
product of the scores corresponding to ③ and ④.

buttonSelect one that applies. The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is the
product of the scores corresponding to ③ and ④.

⑥“Return” button⑦“Next” button

The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is not set, and the system returns
to the screen for setting substance dependent (E).
The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is set, and the system moves on to
the screen for setting localized control (LC).

4.5.4. Application of liquid product

1

2

4
3

6

5

Figure 4-12 Screen for setting liquid steam for activity dependent (H)

ID

Item

Description①“Conditions for calculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.
Select the applicable work type from the available work types. When selecting②“Work type” radio button“Application of liquid product”, the “Screen for work subtype” is displayed asshown in Figure 4-12.
If the user wishes to enter a score value, the user enters it in this text box.

③

“User input” text box

The range of input value is as follows.
Application speed User input : 0.001～0.3④“Score setting” radio button

Select one that applies. The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is the score
corresponding to the selected item.

24

⑤“Return” button⑥“Next” button

The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is not set, and the system returns
to the screen for setting substance dependent (E).
The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is set, and the system moves on to
the screen for setting localized control (LC).

4.5.5. Ultrafast liquid use

1

2

4
3
5
3

6

7

Figure 4-13 Screen for setting liquid steam for activity dependent (H)

ID

Item

Description①“Conditions for calculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.

②“Work type” radio button“Ultrafast liquid use”, the “Screen for work subtype” is displayed as shown in

Select the applicable work type from the available work types. When selecting
Figure 4-13.
If the user wishes to enter a score value, the user enters it in this text box.
③

“User input” text box

The ranges of input values are as follows.
Stirring speed User input: 1～3
Degree of contact with air User input : 0.3～1④“Score setting” radio button⑤“Score setting” radio button

Select one that applies. The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is the
product of the scores corresponding to ③ and ④.
Select one that applies. The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is the
product of the scores corresponding to ③ and ④.

25

⑥
⑦

“Return” button“Next” button

The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is not set, and the system
returns to the screen for setting substance dependent (E).
The modifying factor for activity dependent (H) is set, and the system moves onto the screen for setting localized control (LC).

26

4.6.

Screen for setting localized control (LC)

1

2

3

4
4
5

6

Figure 4-14 Screen for setting localized control (LC)

ID

Item

Description①“Conditions for calculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.

②

LC1 radio button

Select one that applies. The modifying factor for LC1 is the score corresponding to
the selected item. Default is set without provision.
In case of two local exhaust ventilation devices, select one that applies. The③

LC2 radio button

modifying factor for LC2 is the score corresponding to the selected item. Default is
set without provision.
If the user wishes to enter a score value, the user enters it in this text box.

④

“User input” text box

The ranges of input values are as follows.
User input 1: 0.0001～1
User input 2: 0.0001～1⑤⑥“Return” button“Next” button

The modifying factor for localized control (LC) is not set, and the system returns tothe screen for setting activity dependent (H).
The modifying factor for localized control (LC) is set, and the system moves on to

the screen for setting surface contamination (Su).
(Note on table) Refer to Table 5-1(p.44) for classification of localized control.

27

4.7.

Screen for setting surface contamination (Su) (for near field)

1

2

3
5

4

Figure 4-15 Screen for setting surface contamination (Su)

ID
①

Item

Description“Conditionsforcalculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.
If the user wishes to enter a score value, the user enters it in this text box.

②

“User input” text box

The range of input value is as follows.
User input: 0～0.01③④⑤“Scoresetting”

button“Return” button“Next” button

radio

Select one that applies. The modifying factor for surface contamination (Su) is thescore corresponding to the selected item. The default is set without surface
contamination.
The modifying factor for surface contamination (Su) is not set, and the system
returns to the screen for setting localized control (LC).
The modifying factor for surface contamination (Su) is set, and the system moves
on to the screen for setting dispersion (D).

28

4.8. Screen for setting dispersion (D)To the modifying factor (Dnf) related to dispersion in near field, the score corresponding to short-time
exposure is assigned if the work duration of the task is 60 minutes or below, and long-time exposure
if the work duration is longer than 60 minutes. For this reason, screen with different score is displayed
depending on the work duration entered in the basic setting.
4.8.1. If the work duration is 60 minutes or below

1

2

3

5

4

Figure 4-16 Screen for setting dispersion (D) (If the work duration is 60 minutes or below)
ID

Item

Description①“Conditions for calculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.
Select the number of ventilations per hour. The column of the selected radio②“Number of ventilations per

button is displayed in blue. The modifying factor for dispersion (D) is thehour [ACH]” radio button

value in the cell where the column in ② and the row in ③ intersects (1.4 in
the above figure) The default is 3 times.
Select the value that is closest to the volume of workplace. The row of the③“Volume of workplace [m^3]”

selected radio button is displayed in blue. The modifying factor for dispersion

radio button(D) is the value in the cell where the column in ② and the row in ③
intersects. The default is 300m3.

④“Return” button⑤“Set” button

The modifying factor for dispersion (D) is not set, and the system moves onto the screen for setting surface contamination (Su).
The modifying factor for dispersion (D) is set, and the system moves to thescreen for basic setting.

29

4.8.2. If the work duration is more than 60 minutes

1

2

3

5

4

Figure 4-17 Screen for setting the dispersion (D) (If the work duration is more than 60 minutes)

ID

Item

Description①“Conditions for calculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.
Select the number of ventilations per hour. The column of the selected radio②“Number of ventilations per

button is displayed in blue. The modifying factor for dispersion (D) is thehour [ACH]” radio button

value in the cell where the column in ② and the row in ③ intersects (36 in
the above figure) The default is 3 times.
Select the value that is closest to the volume of workplace. The row of the③“Volume of workplace [m^3]”

selected radio button is displayed in blue. The modifying factor for dispersion

radio button(D) is the value in the cell where the column in ② and the row in ③
intersects. The default is 300m3.

④“Return” button⑤“Set” button

The modifying factor for dispersion (D) is not set, and the system returns on
to the screen for setting the surface contamination (Su).
The modifying factor for dispersion (D) is set, and the system moves to thescreen for basic setting.

30

4.9.

Screen for setting segregation (Seg) (for far field)

1

3

2
4

5

Figure 4-18 Screen for setting segregation (Seg)

ID
①

Item
“Conditions

Description
forcalculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.
If the user wishes to enter the score value, the user enters in this text box.

②

“User input” text box

The range of input value is as follows.
User input: 0.1～1③“Score setting” radio

Select one that applies. The selected score is the modifying factor for segregation (Seg).

buttonDefault is set to "No localized controls".

④“Return” button⑤“Next” button

The modifying factor for segregation (Seg) is not set, and the system returns to the screen
for setting the localized control (LC).
The modifying factor for segregation (Seg) is set, and the system moves on to the screen for
setting the separation (Sep).

31

4.10. Screen for setting the separation (Sep) (for far field)

1

3

2
4

5

Figure 4-19 Screen for setting the separation (Sep)

ID
①

Item
“Conditions

Description
forcalculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.
If the user wishes to enter the score value, the user enters in this text box.

②

“User input” text box

The range of input value is as follows.
Spray speed User input : 0.1～1③“Score setting” radio

Select one that applies.

buttonDefault is set to "No localized controls".

④“Return” button⑤“Next” button

The selected score is the modifying factor for separation (Sep).

The modifying factor for separation (Sep) is not set, and the system returns to the screen
for setting segregation (Seg).
The modifying factor for separation (Sep) is set, and the system moves on to the screen for
setting the dispersion (D).

32

4.11. Screen for setting the dispersion (D) for far field
To the modifying factor (Dff) related to dispersion in far field, the score corresponding to short
exposure is assigned if the work duration of the task is 60 minutes or below, and long exposure if thework duration is longer than 60 minutes. For this reason, screen with different score is displayed
depending on the work duration entered in the basic setting.
4.11.1. If the work duration is 60 minutes or less

1

2

3

4

5

Figure 4-20 Screen for setting the dispersion (D) (If the work duration is 60 minutes or less)
ID
①

Item
“Conditions

Description
forcalculation”“Number of ventilations②

per hour [ACH]” radio
button③④⑤“Volume of workplace[m^3]” radio button“Return” button“Set” button

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.
Select the number of ventilations per hour. The column of the selected radio button isdisplayed in green. The modifying factor for dispersion (D) is the value in the cell where
the column in ② and the row in ③ intersects (7 in the above figure) The default is 3
times.
Select the value that is closest to the volume of workplace. The row of the selected radio
button is displayed in green. The modifying factor for dispersion (D) is the value in thecell where the column in ② and the row in ③ intersects. The default is 300m3.
The modifying factor for dispersion (D) is not set, and the system returns on to thescreen for setting the separation (Sep).
The modifying factor for dispersion (D) is set, and the system moves to the screen forbasic setting.

33

4.11.2. If the work duration is more than 60 minutes

1

2

3

4

5

Figure 4-21 Screen for setting the dispersion (D) (If the work duration is more than 60 minutes)

ID

Item

Description①“Conditions for calculation”

It displays the conditions for calculation set in the screen for basic setting.
Select the number of ventilations per hour. The column of the selected radio button②“Number of ventilations per

is displayed in green. The modifying factor for dispersion (D) is the value in the cellhour [ACH]” radio button

where the column in ② and the row in ③ intersects (35 in the above figure) The
default is 3 times.
Select the value that is closest to the volume of workplace. The row of the selected③“Volume of workplace [m^3]”

radio button is displayed in green. The modifying factor for dispersion (D) is theradio button

value in the cell where the column in ② and the row in ③ intersects. The default
is 300m3.

④“Return” button⑤“Set” button

The modifying factor for dispersion (D) is not set, and the system returns on to thescreen for setting the separation (Sep).
The modifying factor for dispersion (D) is set, and the system moves to the screen
for basic setting.

34

4.12. Screen for displaying estimate results

1

2
7
3

4

5
6
8

9

10
11

12

Figure 4-22 Screen for displaying estimate results

ID

Item

①

Basic information

Description
As basic information, it displays the name of analysis scenario, substance name,and substance form. It displays the above information as entered in the screen forbasic setting.

②③“Exposureconcentration

estimate” text box

It displays the exposure concentration estimate calculated based on each modifying
factor displayed in the screen for basic setting. This indicates the geometric meanof the prior distribution.

“90 % confidence interval” text

It displays the lower (5 %) and upper (95 %) limits of the 90 % confidence intervalboxof the exposure concentration estimate.
Checking this check box enables the input into the observed data. When entering
the observed data and clicking ⑩ Execute button, the system calculated thecorrected values for exposure concentration estimate and geometric standard④“Correct by measurements” checkbox

deviation and display them in ⑤ and ⑥. Also, if ⑨ “After correction (posterior
distribution)” in Estimated distribution section is checked, the graph of posterior
distribution is displayed.
As observed data, enter the number of observed values, geometric mean [mg/m3],
and geometric standard deviation. Refer to p.60 for geometric mean and geometricstandard deviation of observed data.

35

ID
⑤

Item

Description“Corrected

exposure

concentration

estimate(geometric mean)” text box⑥

It displays the geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) of the corrected
exposure concentration.

“Corrected geometric standard

After checking ④ and entering observed data, click ⑩ Execute button, and thedeviation” text box

corresponding value is displayed.
It displays the probability distributions before and after the correction. For the⑦

Graph of exposure concentration
distribution

display method, selection of probability density distribution or cumulative
probability density distribution is available in ⑧. It is also possible to superimpose
the distributions checked in ⑨. Controls such as expanding and shrinking of thegraph are possible by mouse.

⑧“Display method” radio button

Select probability density distribution or accumulated probability density
distribution. The graph is displayed in the selected form.
It displays the graph of the checked distributions (prior distribution, posterior⑨“Estimated distribution” check

distribution, and/or likelihood function) When changing ⑧Display method or ⑨box

Estimated distribution, clicking ⑩ Execute button will display the corresponding
graph.
It executes the graphing display. When clicking ④ and entering the observed data⑩

“Execute” button

or changing ⑧Display method or ⑨ Estimated distribution, clicking ⑩ Executebutton will update the content of the graph.

⑪“Return” button

Returns to the screen for basic setting.

⑫“Report” button

The system moves on to the report screen.

36

4.13. Report screen
This screen enlists the input and output values. Here, modifying factors for near field are in blue,
those for far field are in green, and those for both fields are in white. Also, in each display item, when
the number of letters are too many and cannot be displayed in the grid, reduced letters which still
carry the meaning will be displayed.
4

1
2
3

6

5

7

8

9

10
11

12

16

13

14
15

17

18

Figure 4-23 Report screen

37

ID

Item

Description①

Basic information②

Work conditions

As basic information, it displays the name of analysis scenario, substance name, andsubstance form. It displays the above information as entered in the screen for basic setting.
As work conditions, total work duration and work durations of tasks 1- 4 are displayed. It
displays the values as entered in the screen for basic setting.
It displays the items set in the screen for setting the activity dependent (H). In particular,③

Activity

dependent(H)work type, work subtype, category variables, and scores are displayed. If there are inputs tomultiple tasks, the content of each task is displayed.
※In each display item, when the number of letters to be displayed are too many and cannot
be displayed in the grid, reduced letters which still carry the meaning will be displayed.
It displays the items set in the screen for setting the substance dependent (E). In particular,④

Substance dependent(E)

the following are displayed: presence/absence of steam pressure correction, measured steampressure [Pa], temperature during measurement [K], boiling point [K], temperature in
workplace [K], steam pressure after correction [Pa], and scores. If there are inputs to multiple
tasks, the content of each task is displayed.
It displays the items set in the screen for setting the localized control (LC). In particular,⑤

Localized control (LC)category variables and scores are displayed. If there are inputs to multiple tasks, the content
of each task is displayed. If there are inputs to multiple tasks, the content of each task isdisplayed.

⑥

It displays the items set in the screen for setting the surface contamination (Su). In particular,

Surface

categories and scores are displayed. If there are inputs to multiple tasks, the content of eachcontamination (Su)task is displayed. This item is a modifying factor common for near and far fields.
It displays the items set in the screen for setting the dispersion (D). In particular, number of⑦

Dispersion (D)ventilations [1/h], volume of room [m3], and scores are displayed. If there are inputs to multiple
tasks, the content of each task is displayed.
It displays the items set in the screen for setting segregation (Seg). In particular, category⑧

Segregation (Seg)variables and scores are displayed. If there are inputs to multiple tasks, the content of eachtask is displayed.
It displays the items set in the screen for setting the separation (Sep). In particular, category⑨

Separation (Sep)variables and scores are displayed. If there are inputs to multiple tasks, the content of eachtask is displayed. This is item is only for setting modifying factors for far field.

⑩

It outputs the items on the report screen (excluding graph information) in csv format. This

“csv output” button

csv file can be loaded by clicking the “Read file” button on the top screen.
It prints the content of the report screen. When printing, two pages will be printed: one for⑪“Print” button

the input items and the other for the estimate results. ※ When printing, the format needs tobe set to A4 landscape.

⑫

Exposure

It displays the following values calculated in the display screen for estimate results:

concentration

information for prior distribution (exposure concentration estimate [mg/m3], 90 % confidence

estimateinterval, geometric standard deviation, ART score*1, and lnα*2).
If there is input to any of the observed data item (number of observed values, geometric mean,geometric standard deviation) in the display screen for estimate results, these values will be
displayed. If there is no input, the values for the number of observed values, geometric mean,
and geometric standard deviation will be 0.

⑬

Correction
observed valuesbyIn this screen, double-clicking either of the number of observed values, geometric mean, andgeometric standard deviation will display a dialog for setting the observed data, enabling the
input of each value. After enter the values, click the “Set” button, and the values will bereflected on the report screen, and the system will calculate and display the corrected exposure
concentration estimate and corrected geometric standard deviation and display the posterior
distribution graph.

38

ID

Item

Description

Corrected⑭

exposure

concentration
estimate(geometric

mean)
⑮

⑯

Corrected

geometric

standard deviation

In the case of entering values for correction by observed values, the system makes a posterior
estimation and displays the corrected values for exposure concentration estimate andgeometric standard deviation.
In the case of entering values for correction by observed values, the system makes a posterior
estimation and displays the corrected values for exposure concentration estimate andgeometric standard deviation.
It displays the graph according to ⑰ estimated distribution and ⑱ display method. Refer to

Graph“※Displayed content of graph” for the content of graph based on selection pattern.
Select the content to be displayed in the graph. If checking prior distribution, the priordistribution will be displayed. The same applies to posterior distribution and likelihood“Estimated⑰

distribution”

checkfunction. However, selection of prior distribution as well as cumulative probability density
distribution in the display method will lead to display of 2-dimensional probabilistic exposurebox

concentration distribution.
⑱“Displaymethod”

Select the graph display method from probability density distribution and cumulative

radio button
probability density distribution.
(Note on table) *1: ART score: Value correlated to individual exposure concentration This can be obtained byinterpreting the exposure-related information in the score basis.
*2: Lnα: Intersection of ART score and the mixed effect model which expresses the regression equation for
individual exposure concentration.

39

※ Displayed content of graph(A) Display method: Probability density distributiona-1) Estimated distribution: Prior distribution
Displays the probability density distribution of prior distribution.
a-2) Estimated distribution: Prior distribution and posterior distribution
Displays the probability density distributions of prior and posterior distributions.
a-3) Estimated distribution: Prior distribution, posterior distribution, and likelihood function
Displays the probability density distributions of prior and posterior distributions andlikelihood function.
a-4) Estimated distribution: No selection
Graphs does not show anything.
(b) Display method: Cumulative probability density distributionb-1) Estimated distribution: Prior distribution
It displays the 2-dimensional probabilistic exposure concentration distribution and its 90 %confidence interval graph for the prior distribution.
b-2) Estimated distribution: Prior distribution and posterior distribution
Displays the cumulative probability density distributions of prior and posterior
distributions.
b-3) Estimated distribution: Prior distribution, posterior distribution, and likelihood function
Displays the cumulative probability density distributions of prior and posterior
distributions and likelihood function.
b-4)Estimated distribution: If nothing is selected, the graph does not show anything.
a-2

a-1

a-3

Figure 4-24 Example of graph for Display method: Probability density distribution

40

b-2

b-1

b-3

Figure 4-25 Example of graph for Display method: Cumulative probability density distribution
4.14. Screen for setting observed data
1
2
3
4

5

Figure 4-26 Screen for setting observed data
ID

Item

Description①“Number of observed values” text box

Enter the number of observed values.

②“Geometric mean” text box

Enter the geometric mean of the observed data.

③“Geometric standard deviation” textbox④

“Cancel” button⑤“Set” buttonEnter the geometric standard deviation of the observed data.
The set values are canceled.
The modified values for the number of observed values, geometric mean,
and geometric standard deviation will be set.

41

4.15. csv file output
The items to be outputted to csv file are as follows. Also, if there is no value in an item (e.g. Enteringvalues only for task 1 and not for tasks 2 - 4), the output will be “-” (hyphen) for that item. In the
output items, if there is no value for observed data and posterior distribution estimate, the output inthe csv file will be 0.
Output item:
・Name of analysis scenario
・Substance name・Substance form
・Total work duration
・Work duration
・Substance dependent (E) information
・Activity dependent (H) information
・Localized control 1 (LC1) information
・Localized control 2 (LC2) information
・Segregation (Seg) information
・Separation (Sep) information
・Surface contamination (Su) information
・Dispersion (D) information
・Prior distribution estimate (estimate concentration, 90 % confidence interval lower limit, 90 %confidence interval upper limit, geometric mean, ART score, and lnα)・Observed data (geometric mean, geometric standard deviation, number of observed values)
・Posterior distribution (exposure concentration estimate, geometric standard deviation)
The csv file images are shown below. Also, in the below figures the comments on the right after “#”
are only for explanation purpose and will not be outputted in the actual csv files.
#Basic setting
Analysis scenario, Substance name, Substance form
Scenario1, toluene, liquid steam# Basic Setting# Recorded items#Work conditions(work duration)
Total work duration, Task 1 duration, Task 2 duration, task 3 duration, Task 4 duration
480, 17, 5, -, -

#

work

conditions#Recorded items#Substance dependent (E)# Modifying factor for
substance dependent
Task No, Steam pressure correction, Measured steam pressure [Pa], Temperature during measurement [K], Boilingpoint [K], Temperature in workplace [K], Steam pressure after correction [Pa], Mixed solvent, Molar fraction,
Activity coefficient, Score
1, Absent, 2930, -, -, -, -, Absent, -, -, 0.097667
2, Present, 2930, 293, 384, 308, 6069, Absent, -, -, 0.2023
3, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, 4, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -42

#Activity dependent (H)# Modifying factor for
activity dependent
Task No, Work type (nf), Work subtype, Category variable 1, Category variable 2, Work type (ff), Work subtype,
Category variable 1, Category variable 2, Score# Recorded items
1, Spraying liquid, Surface spraying, Spray speed [L/min], x ≧ 3, 3, Handling of contaminated solid substance, -,Contamination area[㎡], x ≧ 3, 0.3# Values related to task 1, , Surface spraying, Spray direction, Horizontal or vertical, 1, , -, Contamination rate[%], x ≧ 90, 1, , Surface spraying, Spray technique, High, 3, , -, -, -, 2, Handling of contaminated solid substance, -, Contamination area[㎡], x ≧ 3, 0.3, -, -, -, -, # Values related to task 2, , -, Contamination rate[%], x ≧ 90, 1, , -, -, -, , , -, -, -, -, , -, -, -, 3, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, # Values related to task 3, , -, -, -, -, , -, -, -, , , -, -, -, -, , -, -, -, 4, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, # Values related to task 4, , -, -, -, -, , -, -, -, , , -, -, -, -, , -, -, -, #Localized control (LC)# Modifying factor for localized control
Task No., LC, Category variable (nf), Score, Category variable (ff), Score# Recorded items
1, LC1, Other booth-type hood, 0.1, Other booth-type hood, 0.1# Values related to task 1, LC2, No localized controls, 1, No localized controls, 1
2, LC1, Other booth-type hood, 0.1, -, # Values related to task 2, LC2, No localized controls, 1, -, 3, LC1, -, -, -, # Values related to task 3, LC2, -, -, -, 4, LC1, -, -, -, # Values related to task 4, LC2, -, -, -, #Segregation (SEG)
Task No., Category variable 1, Category variable 2, Score
1, No localized controls, No localized controls, 1
2, -, -, 3, -, -, 4, -, -, -# Modifying factor for segregation# Recorded items# Values related to task 1# Values related to task 2# Values related to task 3# Values related to task 4#Separation (SEP)
Task No., Category variable 1, Category variable 2, Score
1, No localized controls, No localized controls, 1
2, -, -, 3, -, -, 4, -, -, Figure. Example of a csv file

# Modifying factor for separation# Values related to task 1# Values related to task 2# Values related to task 3# Values related to task 4#Surface contamination (SU)# Modifying factor for surface contamination
Task No., Category, Score
1, Monitoring once or more per month, Prevention of contaminant leak by sampling and periodic cleaning, 0#
Values related to task 1
2, Default (No cleaning habit, No protective clothing, No entire closure), 0.01
# Values related to task 2
3, -, # Values related to task 3
4, -, # Values related to task 4#Prior distribution
estimate# Result of prior distribution
estimate#Dispersion(D)# modifying
factor for
Estimate concentration[mg/m^3], 90% confidence interval lower limit (5%), 90% confidence interval upper limit
dispersion(95%),
geometric
deviation,
ART score,
lnα
Task
No.,
Numberstandardof ventilations(nf)[1/h],
Volumeof room[m^3], Score, Number of ventilations (ff)[1/h], Volume of
171.99, 34.613,
854.61, 2.65, 0.0044602, 10.56
room[m^3],
Score
1, 3, 300, 1.4, 3, 300, 0.4#Observed data
# Observed data
Geometric mean[mg/m^3], Geometric standard deviation, Number of observed values
255, 2, 10

43#Posterior distribution estimate# Result of posterior distribution estimate
Exposure concentration estimate [mg/m^3], Geometric standard deviation
250, 21, 1.2384

5. Operating Guide for SWEEs
This chapter describes the operating methods of SWEEs.
This part shows the method for estimating the exposure concentration for a worker (defined asworker A) who handles toluene in the work conditions and management method described in the nextpage.
1. Start the screen for initial

2. Make the basic

3. Set the modifying factors fortask 13.1. Set the modifying factors
for near field
3.2. Set the modifying factors
for far field

4. Set the modifying factors for task 2

5. Calculate the exposure

6. Display estimate

7. Enlist estimate results

8. Output estimate result
Figure 5-1 Flow of the entire system

44

Work example
Work content of worker A who handles toluene

Task 1
Task 2(Application)(Drying)
Daily labor duration: 480 minutes (8 hour labor/day)
Volume of workplace: 500 m3
Number of total ventilations: 3 times/hour<Work conditions of task 1>
Work duration: 17 minutes
Work temperature: 20 ℃ (steam pressure of toluene at 20℃: 2,930 [Pa])Substance form: liquid (steam)Work activity: Application by spray, spray speed (3.0 [L/min] or higher), horizontal
spray, use of new spraying device.
Presence/absence of localized control and device type: installation of booth-type
local exhaust ventilation

Presence/absence of exposure from far field: present (the material in machine drying
in task 2 is close by. It is enclosed by a separate booth-type local exhaust ventilation)
Presence/absence of surface contamination: absent<Work conditions of task 2>
Work duration: 5 minutes
Work temperature: 35 ℃
Work activity: Drying work (surface area 3m2 or more, machine/hand dry of appliedmaterial with contamination rate 90％ or higher)
Presence/absence of localized control and device type: installation of booth-type
local exhaust ventilation
Presence/absence of exposure from far field: absent
Presence/absence of surface contamination: present (no cleaning habit)

45

5.1. Start the top screen
Start the “top screen” following “2. Method for program installation”.
Push the “Start” button to move to the screen for basic setting.

Figure 5-2 Top screen
5.2. Make the basic setting
In the screen for basic setting, enter the name of analysis scenario, substance name, substance form,
and work duration.
In the basic information section, enter “Scenario1” in name of analysis scenario and “toluene” insubstance name.
The items can also be entered in Japanese; for example, “シナリオ１” and “トルエン”.
Select “Liquid steam” for substance form in the “Liquid mist/Liquid steam section”.
Push the “Set” button in the top-right corner of the screen.
※Dot not enter comma (“,”) in for the name of analysis scenario and substance name. If commas
are entered, they will be replaced by under bars (“_”) before proceeding.

46

Figure 5-3 Screen for basic setting: Setting basic information
Here, liquid steam refers to vaporized liquid and liquid mist to floating fine particles of liquefied
steam.
Total work duration in “Setting of work conditions” section, work duration of “Task 1”, and “Set”
button become available. Enter the daily total labor duration “480” minutes in the total work duration
and “17” minutes in the work duration of task 1.

Figure 5-4 Screen for basic setting: Setting work conditions of task 1
As shown above, the setting of name of analysis scenario, substance name, substance form, andexposure time for task 1 is completed. In case of multiple tasks, complete the setting of modifying
factors for task 1 before proceeding to the setting of work conditions of the next task.
5.3. Set the modifying factors for task 1
5.3.1. Set the modifying factors for near field
Next, set the modifying factors for task 1.
Push the “Set” button for near field of task 1.

47

Figure 5-5 Screen for basic setting: Setting modifying factors of task 1
Here, near field in SWEEs refers to the spatial region within 1 m from the worker's mouth in thevertical, horizontal and depth directions (8 m3) and far field (ff) to the space other than the near field.
5.3.1.1. Substance emission potential (E)Moves on to the screen for setting the substance dependent (E). For task 1 the work temperature issame as the temperature during steam pressure measurement, so there is no need for temperaturecorrection for steam pressure. Thus, select “Without temperature correction” radio button.
Enter substance’s steam pressure [Pa].
Here, enter the steam pressure of toluene at 20℃, “2930” [Pa], and push the “Calculate” button.
The substance dependent (E) is entered.

Figure 5-6 Modifying factors: Substance emission potential (E) (Setting steam pressure)
Push “Next” at the bottom of the screen.

Figure 5-7 Modifying factors: Substance emission potential (E) (Setting completed)48

5.3.1.2. Activity emission potential (Hnf)Moves onto the screen for setting Activity emission potential (Hnf) (screen for setting the activity
dependent (H) of liquid steam).
First, select the category applicable for the work content of task 1 from the following categories:①”Spraying liquid”, ②”Handling with open surface or reservoir”, ③”Handling of solid substancecontaminated by evaluated substance”, ④”Application of liquid product”, and ⑤”Ultrafast liquiduse”. In this example, the work activity of task 1 is “application by spraying”, so select “Spraying
liquid”, and the screen for work subtype corresponding to “Spraying liquid” is displayed.

Screen for work
subtypecorresponding

Figure 5-8 Modifying factors: Activity emission potential (Hnf) (selection of work activity)
Next, set the work subtype applicable for the work content of task 1 and category variable.
In this example, according to the work content, select “Surface spraying” for work subtype,“≧3L/min” for spray speed, “Horizontal or Vertical” for spray direction, and “High” for spray technique.

Figure 5-9 Modifying factors: Setting activity emission potential (Hnf)
As shown above, the activity emission potential (Hnf) of near field for task 1 is set.
49

Push “Next” at the bottom of the screen.
5.3.1.3. Localized control (LCnf)
Moves on to the screen for setting the localized control (LCnf).
Select presence/absence of localized control for task 1, and according to the type of local exhaust
ventilation, set the localized control (LCnf) in near field.
In this case, there is one booth-type local exhaust ventilation of type other than draft chamber,horizontal/downward laminar flow booth, glove bag, or glove box, so set “Booth-type hood” → “Other
booth-type hood (0.1)” for LC1, and “No localized controls (1)” for lC2.

Figure 5-10 Modifying factors: Setting localized control (LCnf)
Also, up to two localized controls can be set. In case of setting two types, select the type of local
exhaust ventilation applicable for LC2. Refer to Table 5-1 (p.51) for classification of localized control.
As shown above, the localized control (LCnf) for task 1 is set. Push “Next” at the bottom of the screen.

50

TableType of provision
Control technology

EnclosureLocal
exhaustventilation

Receivinghood

5-1 Categories of localized control

Description
Technology
forcontrollingthegeneration of organic
solvent in the roomair (other than local
exhaust ventilation)
Seal the emission oforganic solvent nearthesourceandenclose.
(Figure 5-11)It
sucks
organic
solvent
fromthesource with constant
air flow (Figure 5-12)

Capturinghood

It creates air flow andsucks organic solvent(Figure 5-13)

Boothtype hood:

The source is almost
completely enclosed
in the hood, andorganic solvent iseffectively
sucked(Figure 5-14)

Other
systemsLocal
exhaustventilation of typeother than the above
Steam collection system

Item
Wetting method: Moisturize or apply water before or
during the work to control the solvent.
Knockdown method: Moisturize or apply water after
the work to control the solvent.
Install a cover on machines, open parts of container toenclose the organic solvent. There are three levels:
low-, medium-, and high-levels.
Canopy hood: A self-standing hood suspended above
the source like a canopy. This is used when there isvapor flow by thermal buoyancy and contaminant flow
in a particular direction.
Other receiving hood: It creates a constant air flow andsucks the diffusing organic solvent.
It takes a form of grinder, circle, or rectangular.
Fixed capturing hood: A fixed capturing hood, andsuction region and ventilation rate depend on thework.
Movable capturing hood: A movable capturing hoodwith which the worker can effectively collect organic
solvent.
On-tool extraction capturing hood: A hood in which thework device and the hood are integrated.
Draft chamber: This has a sliding door on the boothtype opening surface, and the work can insert tools or
hands to work.
Horizontal/downward laminar flow booth: This makes
air flow in either horizontal or downward direction
and sucks from the booth wall or ventilation plate
between the ceiling and floor.
Glove bag (No ventilation, ventilation or negative
pressure): A large plastic bag which covers the work
device.
Glove box (low-, medium-, and high-spec): Closed
container designed to allow only hands inside in order
for work with blocked outside air. The sides of the box
are directly connected to gloves.
Other booth-type hood: It surrounds the source, as it
is normally opened for work. The worker stand on theopened surface, inhales clean air from behind, andwork facing inside.
Other local exhaust ventilation: Hood system of typeother than the above.
Collection system which stores gasoline and volatileliquid substance as liquids and gas as gaseous
substance and does not allow them out to theenvironment. The stored substances are reused.

51

(a)Low level(b) Medium level(c)High level

Figure 5-11 Enclosure system(A) Canopy hood(b) Other receiving hood (grinder-type)Figure 5-12 Receiving hood(a)Fixed capturing hoodhood(b)Movable capturing hood(c)On-tool extraction capturing

Figure 5-13 Capturing hood(a)Draft chamber(b)Horizontal/downward laminar flow booth
Figure 5-14 Booth-type hood52(c)Glove box

5.3.1.4. Surface contamination (Su)Moves on to the screen for setting the surface contamination (Su).
Since there is no surface contamination in this example, select “No surface contamination”.

Figure 5-15 Modifying factors: Setting surface contamination (Su)As shown above, the modifying factors for surface contamination (Su) are set. Push “Next” at thebottom of the screen.
5.3.1.5. Dispersion (Dnf)Moves on to the screen for setting the dispersion (D). To the modifying factor (Dnf), the score
corresponding to short exposure is assigned if the work duration of the task is 60 minutes or below,
and long exposure if the work duration is longer than 60 minutes. For this reason, screen withdifferent score is displayed depending on the work duration entered in the basic setting.
In this example, the work duration is 17 minutes, so the scores for short-term exposure aredisplayed. According to the conditions of workplace, enter “3 times” [ACH] for number of ventilations
per hour and “300” [m3] for volume of room.

Figure 5-16Modifying factors: Setting dispersion (Dnf)53

Push “Set” at the bottom of the screen. As shown above, the inputting of modifying factors of nearfield for task 1 is completed. Push “Next” at the bottom of the screen.
Moves to the screen for basic setting.
Check that the modifying factors of near field for task 1 are displayed and that the “Set” button is
selectable.

Figure 5-17 Checking the modifying factors on the screen for basic setting (task 1, near field)
5.3.2. Set the modifying factors for far fieldSet the modifying factors of far field for task 1.
Push “Set” in the column of far field for task 1.

Figure 5-18 Screen for basic setting: Setting of far field for task 1

54

5.3.2.1. Activity emission potential (Hff)Moves onto the screen for setting liquid steam activity dependent (H). According to the work
content of this example, select the same item applicable for the work content of near field for task 2.
Since the work activity of near field for task 2 involves drying paints, select “Handling of solid
substance contaminated by evaluated substance” from the work activity categories. Also, select“≧3m2” for contamination area and “≧90％” for contamination rate.

Figure 5-19 Modifying factors: Setting activity emission potential (Hff)Push “Next” at the bottom of the screen.
5.3.2.2. Localized control (LCff)
It displays the screen for setting the localized control (LC). In this example, it is the same local
exhaust ventilation as of near field for task 1, so select “Other booth-type hood” for LC1 and “No
localized controls” for LC2. Also, up to two localized controls can be set. In case of setting two types,
select the type of local exhaust ventilation applicable for LC2. Refer to Table 5-1 (p.13) for
classification of localized control.

Figure 5-20 Modifying factors: Setting localized control (LCff)
Push “Next” at the bottom of the screen.
55

5.3.2.3. Segregation (Seg)
It displays the screen for setting segregation (Seg). In this example, the source in task 2 enclosed
in a booth-type local exhaust ventilation different from that for task 1, and there is entire ventilation.
So, select “Partial enclosure of the source” and “ventilation” (0.3).

Figure 5-21 Modifying factors: Setting segregation (Seg)Push “Next” at the bottom of the screen.
5.3.2.4. Separation (Sep)
Moves to the screen for setting the separation (Sep). In this example, since there is not enclosurethat separates the worker from the source, select “No localized controls” (1).

Figure 5-22 Modifying factors: Setting the separation (Sep)
Next, push “Next” at the bottom of the screen.

56

5.3.2.5. Dispersion (Dff)Moves on to the screen for setting the dispersion (D).
The modifying factors for dispersion differ for near and far fields. According to the work durationentered in the basic setting, the list of the scores is displayed.
In this example, the work duration is 17 minutes, so the modifying factors for short-term exposure
are displayed. According to the work conditions, enter “3 times” [ACH] for number of ventilations perhour and “300” [m3] for volume of room.

Figure 5-23 Modifying factors: Setting the dispersion (Dff)Push “Set” at the bottom of the screen.
As shown above, dispersion (Dff) is set, and the inputting of all the modifying factors for task 1 iscompleted.

57Moves to the screen for basic setting. Check that the modifying factors for task 1 are displayed andthat the “Set” buttons in the columns of work duration and near field for task 2 are selectable.
5.4.
Set the modifying factors for task 2
Enter the modifying factors for task 2.
Enter “5” minutes for work duration of task 2.

Figure 5-24 Screen for basic setting: Setting work duration of task 2
Since, there is not exposure from far field in task 2, set the modifying factors of only near field.
Push the “Set” button for near field of task 2.

Figure 5-25 Screen for basic setting: Setting modifying factors of task 258

5.4.1. Substance emission potential (E)Since the work temperature of task 2 is 35 ℃, temperature correction of steam pressure is necessary.
Select the “With temperature correction” radio button. Enter the following items before pushing“Calculate” button: steam pressure of toluene at 20℃ (steam pressure before correction) “2930” [Pa],temperature during steam pressure measurement “293” [K] (20℃), boiling point of toluene “384” [K](110.6℃), and work temperature “308” [K] (35℃) .The steam pressure after temperature correction
and substance dependent (E) is entered.

Figure 5-26 Modifying factors: Temperature correction of substance emission potential (E)Push “Next” at the bottom of the screen.
5.4.2. Activity emission potential (Hnf)Moves onto the screen for setting liquid steam activity dependent (H).
Since the work activity for task 2 involves drying paints, select “Handling of solid substancecontaminated by evaluated substance” from the work activity categories. Also, select “≧3m2” forcontamination area and “≧90％” for contamination rate.

Figure 5-27 Modifying factors: Setting activity emission potential (Hnf)Push “Next” at the bottom of the screen.
595.4.3. Localized control (LCnf)
Moves on to the screen for setting localized control (LC).
Since a local exhaust ventilation of same type as in task 1 is used, set “Booth-type hood” →”Other
booth-type hood (0.1)” for LC1 and “No localized controls (1)” for LC2.
Refer to Table 5-1 (p.13) for classification of localized control.
Push “Next” at the bottom of the screen.
5.4.4. Surface contamination (Su)Moves on to the screen for setting surface contamination.
Since the workplace in this example does not have a cleaning habit, select “No cleaning habit, No
protective clothing, No entire closure.”

Figure 5-28 Modifying factors: Setting surface contamination (Su)Push “Next” at the bottom of the screen.

60

5.4.5. Dispersion (D)Moves on to the screen for setting the dispersion (D). Similar to task 1, enter “3 times” [ACH] fornumber of ventilations per hour and “300” [m3] for volume of room.

Figure 5-29 Modifying factors: Setting dispersion (Dnf)
As shown above, the inputting of all the modifying factors for task 2 is completed. Push “Set” at thebottom of the screen.
Moves to the screen for basic setting.
5.5.
Calculate the exposure concentration
This displays the exposure concentration estimate and probability density distributions of exposure
concentration. Check that the total work duration, work durations of task 1 and task 2, and themodifying factors are entered in the screen for basic setting, and push the “Calculate” button at thebottom of the screen.

Figure 5-30 Calculation of exposure concentration

61

5.6. Display estimate results
Moves to the screen for displaying estimate results. The estimate results are displayed in “Exposure
concentration estimate” and “90 % confidence interval”. This values refer to, respectively, thegeometric mean of exposure concentration for works with same work scenario (same work condition
and management methods), and the 90 % confidence interval which indicates the accuracy of theestimate made by SWEEs. This indicates that the exposure concentration at the workplace is in therange of 34-855[mg/m3] with the probability of 90 %.

Figure 5-31 Calculation of exposure concentration
5.6.1. Display prior distribution graphOn the right side of the screen, the probability density distribution graph for exposure concentration
estimate is shown in orange curve. This distribution is called the “prior distribution”.

Figure 5-32 Display of prior distribution62※If the graph’s scale does not match the screen, right-click the mouse and select “Set Scale to Default”
to adjust.

Figure 5-33 Adjusting the graph5.6.2. Bayes update
This uses the observed values from the workplaces to update the estimates and estimates thegeometric mean and probability distribution after the correction.
The probability distribution after the correction is called the “posterior distribution”. Selecting the“Correction by observed values” check box enables the selection of the text boxes in the observed
data section. Also, un-check the check box for prior distribution at the bottom right and select thecheck box for posterior distribution. Next, enter the observed data. Enter “10” for number ofobserved values, “255” for geometric mean [mg/m3], and “2.0” for geometric standard deviation, andpush the “Execute” button.

Figure 5-34 Bayes update by observed data63

※Method for geometric mean and geometric standard deviation of observed values.
・・・・xnGeometric mean 𝑥̅ of observed values x1，x2，
x =𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ⋯𝑥In Excel, use geomean () function to find geomean (x1，x2，・・・・xn).
Also, geometric standard deviation of observed values x1，x2・・・・xn
Let yi=lnxi
exp

𝑦

𝑦

𝑦

𝑦
𝑛

⋯

𝑦

𝑦

In Excel, use stdev( ) function to find stdev (y1，y2，・・・・yn), and enter the output value into exp( ),which calculates the geometric standard deviation of the observed values.
5.6.3. Display posterior distribution
The posterior probability density distribution of exposure concentration is the red curve, and the
distribution of observed data is displayed in blue as the likelihood function.

Figure 5-35 Display of posterior distribution

645.6.4. Superimpose prior and posterior distributions
Check “Before correction (prior distribution)” check box in the “estimated distribution”
section and push “Execute”.

Figure 5-36 Superimposing prior and posterior distributions
The superimposed graphs of prior and posterior probability density distributions are
displayed with appropriate scale.

Figure 5-37 Display of superimposed prior and posterior distributions

65

5.6.5. Display cumulative probability density distribution
From “Display method”, select “Cumulative probability density distribution” and push “Execute”.

Figure 5-38 Display of cumulative probability density distribution
The superimposed graphs of prior and posterior cumulative probability density
distributions and likelihood function are displayed with appropriate scale.

Figure 5-39 Display of superimposed graphs of prior and posterior cumulative probability density
distributions and likelihood function

66

5.7.
Enlist estimate results
5.7.1. Display the input and estimated values.
Push “Report” at the bottom of the screen.

Figure 5-40 Output of estimate result report
The system moves on to the report screen.
In the report screen, the list of the input information is displayed.

Figure 5-41 Report display of input information
Move down the scroll bar on the right to show the estimate results by SWEEs.

67

Figure 5-42 Display of estimate result report
5.7.2. Correct observed values
In “Correction by observed values”, double-click the value of either the number of observed values,
geometric mean, or geometric standard deviation Screen for setting the observed data pops up.

Figure 5-43 Display of estimate result report68In the setting of observed data, change the number of observed values from “10” to “15”, geometricmean from “255” to “230”, and geometric standard deviation from “2” to “3”, and push the “Set”
button.

Figure 5-44 Screen for setting observed data
The values set for the observed data are reflected in the probability density distribution graph on
the right.

Figure 5-45 Update of observed data

69

5.8.

Output estimate result report

Scroll up to the top of the screen and push the “csv output” button in the right bottom corner.
A file selection dialog for saving pops up.

Figure 5-46 File output in csv format
In the file selection dialog, enter the file name to be saved.
It outputs the items on the report screen (excluding graph information) in csv format.
The output csv file can be loaded by clicking the “Read file” button on the top screen.

Figure 5-47 Saving the csv file

70

5.9.

Print the estimate result report

Push the “Print” button in the right bottom corner of the screen.

Figure 5-48 Printing the file

A page setting dialog as below is displayed. Set the printing orientation to “Horizontal” and push
the OK button. The items displayed on the report screen are printed.

Figure 5-49 Page setting dialog

716. Acknowledgment

This tool is part of the accomplishment in the 2012 New LRI First Assigned Tasks by Japan
Chemical Industry Association (general incorporated association). We hereby express our gratitude.

7. References
1.Fransman, W., Cherrie, J., vanTongeren, M., Schneider, T., Tischer, M., Schinkel, J., Marquart,
H., Warren, N., Kromhout, H. and Tielemans, E. (2010) Development of a mechanistic modelfor the Advanced REACH Tool (ART) －Version 1.0 －, TNO report V9009.
2.Fransman, W., Tongeren, M.V., Cherrie, J.W., Tischer, M., Schneider, T., Schinkel, J., Kromhout,H., Warren, N., Goede, H. and Tielemans, E. (2011) Advanced Reach Tool (ART): Developmentof the Mechanistic Model, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 55 (9), 957-979.
3.Schinkel, J., Warren, N., Fransman, W., vanTongeren, M., McDonnell, P., Voogd, E., Cherrie,
J.W., Tischer, M., Kromhout, H. and Tielemans, E. (2011) Advanced REACH Tool (ART):
Calibration of the mechanistic model, Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 13, 1374-1382.
4.Tielemans, E., Warren, N., Fransman, W., vanTongeren, M., McNally, K., Tischer, M., Ritchie,P., Kromhout, H., Schinkel, J., Schneider, T and Cherrie, J.W. (2011) Advanced REACH Tool
(ART): Overview of Version 1.0 and Research Needs, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 55 (9),949–956.
5. Randhol, P. and Engelien H.K. (2000) xlUNIFAC, a Computer Program for Calculation of
Liquid Activity Coefficients Using the UNIFAC Model.

72

8. Appendix

73

74

75

76

77

Fin

78