『政策と調査』第７号

ᅇ཰⋡࡟ࡳࡿㄪᰝࡢ⑓≧ 㸫᪥ᮏ࡜࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⌧ἣ㸫
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せ᪨!
ᅇ཰⋡ࡣࠊㄪᰝࡢ㉁ࢆぢᴟࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ᭱㔜せᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢྛㄪᰝᡭἲ࡟
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『政策と調査』第７号

㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ᯇ⏣  ࡣࠊ ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥࡟㛤ദࡉࢀࡓᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ♫఍ㄪᰝ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮タ⨨グᛕࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࠕఏ⤫ⓗ࡞⤫ィㄪᰝࢆᤞ࡚࡚᪂ࡓ࡞᪉ἲㄽ࡟ษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ࢩࣇࢺࡣࠊㄪᰝ࡬ࡢಙ㢗ࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡍࡓࡵ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿᮏ㉁࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ௦ࢃࡾ࡟Ᏻᐃⓗ࡟ ௨ୖࡢ㧗ᅇ཰⋡ࢆ⋓ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿࠗ┠࡛ぢᅗ⾲㸯 ᪥ᮏࡢୡㄽㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ู௳ᩘࡢ᥎⛣ࡿ࠘」ྜㄪᰝࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠖ S
ࡇ࡜ࢆᥦၐࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢ㐨ࡢࡾࡣ㝤ࡋ࠸ࠋࠗୡㄽㄪᰝᖺ㚷࠘࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓᅇ཰⋡ 㸣௨ୖࡢୡㄽㄪᰝࡢᩘࡣࠊ ᖺࢆࣆ࣮ࢡ࡟ῶᑡࢆ⥆ࡅᖺࡣ௳࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ⾲ 㸧ࠋࡇࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡢపୗഴྥࡣࠊ㠃᥋ࠊ㒑㏦ࠊ㟁ヰ࡞࡝ࡢྛᡭἲ࡛ඹ㏻࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋᨻᗓࡢබᘧ⤫ィࡸሗ㐨ྛ♫ࡢබ㛤᝟ሗࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࠊᅇ཰⋡ࡢࢺࣞࣥࢻࢆศᯒࡋࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ᅗ⾲  㠃᥋ㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ู௳ᩘࡢ᥎⛣ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ㸰㸬ྛㄪᰝᡭἲࡢᅇ཰⋡㸰㸫㸯㸬㠃᥋ㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ࠗୡㄽㄪᰝᖺ㚷࠘࡟ࡼࡿ㠃᥋ㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡᥎⛣㸦ᅗ⾲ 㸧ࢆࡳࢀࡤࠊᅇ཰⋡௨ୖ࡜㸣ࡢ᭤⥺ࡢῶᑡഴྥ࡜ẚ౛ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋௳ᩘࡶῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡓࡔࡋࠊ ᖺ㏆㎶࡛ࡣࠊㄪᰝဨࡢ
୙ṇ஦௳㸦᪥㖟࠾ࡼࡧෆ㛶ᗓࡀᐇ᪋ࡋࡓㄪᰝ࡛ᅇ཰⋡ 㹼㸣࠿ࡽ⣙ 㸣ᅗ⾲  㠃᥋ㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡㸦ㄞ኎᪂⪺♫㸧࡟ゞṇࡉࢀࡓ㸧ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࠊᅇ཰⋡㸣᭤⥺ࡀᛴపୗࡍࡿࡢ࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚ 㸣᭤⥺ࡀࣆ࣮ࢡࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㏆ᖺࡣࡇࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡶゎᾘࡋࠊ㸣᭤⥺ࡢ୍᫬ⓗ࡞ୖ᪼ࡸ 㸣௨ୖ᭤⥺ࡢୖྥࡁഴྥࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋබᘧ⤫ィࢆࡳࢀࡤࠊ㠃᥋ㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡣ⥅⥆ⓗ࡞పୗഴྥ࠿ࡽ⬺ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ

『政策と調査』第７号

ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊሗ㐨ᶵ㛵ࡢᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ㠃᥋ㄪᰝࡣṇ཯ᑐࡢഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᖺ࠿ࡽẖ᭶㸦㏆ᖺࡣᖺ࡟  ᅇ⛬ᗘ㸧㠃᥋ㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓㄞ኎᪂⪺♫ࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡣࠊ ᖺ࠿ࡽᛴῶࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ ᖺ  ᭶ࠊ ᭶ࡢ୧ㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ 㸣࡜༙ᩘࢆ๭ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠᮇ᫬㸦 ᖺ ᭶㸧࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫ࡢ㠃᥋ㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡶ 㸣࡟ᛴపୗ㸦๓ᅇ  ᖺ  ᭶ࡣ㸣㸧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢㄪᰝࡣࠊᐇࡣᨻᗓࡢㄪᰝࢆㄳࡅ㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿㄪᰝ఍♫࡟ጤクࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࠋ๓ᅇࡲ࡛ࡣࠊᮅ᪥᪂⪺グ⪅ࡀᏛ⏕ࢆ⟶⌮ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊㄪᰝ఍♫࡟ጤクࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᅇ཰⋡ࡣᛴⴠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫ࡣ⥅⥆ⓗ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㠃᥋ㄪᰝࢆᡴࡕษࡿỴ᩿ࢆࡋࡓࠋẖ᪥᪂⪺♫ࡶẖᖺࡢㄞ᭩ㄪᰝ࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㠃᥋ㄪᰝࢆ㒑㏦ㄪᰝ࡟ษࡾ᭰࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ୍᪉ࠊᨻᗓࡀᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ㠃᥋ㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡣࠊ㹔Ꮠᅇ᚟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅗ⾲  ࡣෆ㛶ᗓࡀᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࠕ♫఍ព㆑࡟㛵ࡍࡿୡㄽㄪᰝࠖࡢᅇ཰⋡᥎⛣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᖺ㏆㎶࡛ࡢᛴⴠࡣඛ㏙ࡋࡓ୙ṇ஦௳࡜ಶே᝟ሗಖㆤἲ᪋⾜ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᅗ⾲  ෆ㛶ᗓࡢ㠃᥋ㄪㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡᥎᥎⛣ཷࡅࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊሗ㐨ᶵ㛵ࡢ᝺≧࡜ࡣ㐪࠸ࠊ㏆ᖺࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡣ 㸣㉸ࡲ࡛ᅇ᚟ࡋࠊ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ෆ㛶ᗓࡢㄪᰝ௙ᵝ࡛ࡣࠊணഛࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋணഛࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡜ࡣࠊᢳฟ᫬Ⅼ࡛Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᑐ㇟⪅ࡀㄪᰝ᫬Ⅼ࡛Ṛஸࡸ㌿ᒃ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾㄪᰝ୙⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࡢ௦᭰࡜ࡋ࡚⏝ពࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡶࡢࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋணഛࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ౑⏝࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⑓Ẽࡸ㛗ᮇ୙ᅾ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ุ᩿ࡀ⏑ࡃ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㐠⏝ୖࡢㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋඛ㏙ࡋࡓㄞ኎᪂⪺♫ࡣணഛࢧࣥᅗ⾲  ᅇ཰⋡ࡢᕪ㸦ዪᛶ㸫⏨ᛶ㸧ࡢ᥎⛣ࣉࣝࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᐨ⏣㸧ࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠊෆ㛶ᗓࡢࡼ࠺࡟ணഛࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ᇶ‽࡛ㄞ኎᪂⪺♫ࡢᅇ཰⋡ࢆィ⟬ࡍࢀࡤࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᅇ཰⋡ࡀపࡃ࡞ࡾ㸦㸣ྎ㸧ࠊෆ㛶ᗓࡢ㠃᥋ㄪᰝ࡜ 㹼㸣⛬ᗘࡢᕪࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ෆ㛶ᗓࡀᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ㠃᥋ㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡀྥୖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ႐ࡤࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ
༙㠃ࠊ㠃᥋ㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡀሗ㐨ᶵ㛵࡜ᨻᗓ࡜࡛኱ࡁࡃ஋㞳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ኱ࡁ
࡞୙Ᏻࢆឤࡌࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋ

『政策と調査』第７号

ᅗ⾲  ዪᛶࡢᖺ௦ูᅇ཰⋡ࡢ᥎⛣ᅗ⾲  ⏨ᛶࡢᖺ௦ูᅇ཰⋡ࡢ᥎⛣ᅗ⾲  ࡛ࡣ୍㈏ࡋ࡚⏨ᛶࡼࡾࡶዪᛶ࡛ࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ࡀࠊ ᖺ㏆㎶࡛ࡣዪᛶࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡀపୗࡋ⏨ᛶࡢࡶࡢ࡟᥋㏆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ⾲ 㸧ࠋ㏆ᖺࡢ 㸣ྎᅇ᚟࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡢኚືࡣࠊ⏨ᛶࡼࡾࡣዪᛶ࡛ࡢᅇ཰⋡ୖ᪼ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟⏨ዪู࡛ࠊᖺ௦ࡈ࡜ࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡢ᥎⛣ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡿ㸦ᅗ⾲ ࠊ㸧ࠋ⏨ᛶ࡛ࡣ  ᖺ௦
࠿ࡽ㏆ᖺࡲ࡛ࠊᖺ௦ูᅇ཰⋡ࡢ᭱኱್࡜᭱ᑠ್ࡢᕪࡀࡸࡸ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊዪᛶ࡛ࡣᕪࡀ࠿࡞ࡾ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᖺ࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ 㸣ࠊዪᛶ 㸣࡜  ಸࡢ㛤ࡁࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ᖺࡣ⏨ᛶ 㸣ࠊዪᛶ 㸣࡜࡯ࡰྠ⋡࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ⾲ ࠊ㸧ࠋᅗ⾲  ⏨ᛶᖺ௦ูᅇ཰⋡ࡢ᭱኱࣭᭱ᑠ್ᅗ⾲  ዪᛶᖺ௦ูᅇ཰⋡ࡢ᭱኱࣭᭱ᑠ್

『政策と調査』第７号

 ᅇ཰࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓㄪᰝ୙⬟ࡢᩘ㸦୙⬟ᩘ㸧࡜୙⬟⌮⏤ࡢෆヂࡢ᥎⛣ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ㸦ᅗ⾲ ࠊ㸧ࠋ୙⬟ᩘࡣᅇ཰ᩘ㸦⋡㸧ࡢ⿬㏉ࡋ࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊᙜ↛  ᖺ㏆㎶࡛㗦࠸ࣆ࣮ࢡ࡟
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୙⬟⌮⏤ࡢෆ࡛ࠕᣄྰࠖࡀྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟㗦࠸ࣆ࣮ࢡࢆࡶࡘࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᙜ᫬ࡢᅇ཰⋡పୗ㸦୙⬟ᩘቑຍ㸧ࡣಶே᝟ሗಖᅗ⾲  ୙⬟⌮⏤ࡢ᥎⛣㸦ᗘᩘ㸧ㆤἲ᪋⾜࡟ࡼࡿࣉࣛ࢖ࣂࢩ࣮ព㆑ࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⿬௜ࡅࡿ⌧㇟࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ୙⬟⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠕᣄྰࠖ
ࡸࠕ୍᫬୙ᅾࠖࡼࡾࡣᗘᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࠕ㌿ᒃࠖ࡜ࠕࡑࡢ௚ࠖࡀ  ᖺ㏆㎶࠿ࡽᛴቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ㌿ᒃࠖࡀᛴ⃭࡟ቑ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊձᢳฟ᫬ᮇ࡜ㄪᰝ᫬ᮇ࡟኱ࡁ࡞㛤ࡁࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࠊղྡ⡙ࡢ᭦᪂ࡀ⁫ࡗࡓ࠿ࠊ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋಶே᝟ሗಖㆤἲ᪋⾜ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ㜀ぴᡭ⥆ࡁ࡟ᡭ㛫ྲྀࡾᢳฟᮇ㛫ࡀᩘ࢝᭶࡟ࢃࡓࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ែࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ࠿ࠊఫẸ࠿ࡽࡢⱞ᝟ᑐ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚㜀ぴ⏝ᢒ㘓ࡢ᭦᪂ࢆ᥍࠼ࡓ࠿ࠊᙜ஦⪅࡟☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ୙⬟⌮⏤ࡢᵓᡂኚ໬ࢆぢࡿᅗ⾲  ୙⬟⌮⏤ࡢ᥎⛣ ᗘᩘ௨ୗᣑ኱ 㝈ࡾࠊෆ㛶ᗓࡀᐇ᪋ࡍࡿୡㄽㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡀᛴᅇ᚟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊྡ⡙㜀ぴసᴗ࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿᅇ཰⋡పୗࡢㄏᅉࡼࡾࡣࠊㄪᰝࠕᣄྰࠖࡀᛴῶࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋᅇ཰⋡ࡢᛴⴠ࡬ࡢᑐᛂ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊձㄪᰝ୺యࡀෆ㛶ᗓࡔ࡜᫂࠿ࡋ࡚ㄪᰝࢆ౫㢗ࡍࡿࠊղᅇ⟅⪅࡟ࡣㅰ♩ࢆΏࡍࠊ࡜࠸࠺㐠⏝ᨵ㠉ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡢᡂᯝ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⤫ィᩘ⌮◊✲ᡤࡀᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ  ᖺࠕ᪥ᮏேࡢᅜẸᛶࠖㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡣ 㸣࡜ప࠸㸦ཧ↷㸸⾜ືィ㔞Ꮫ఍࡛ࡢⓎ⾲㸧ࠋᨻᗓㄪᰝࡢࠕᣄྰࠖࡀࠕ୍᫬୙ᅾࠖࢆୗᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢㄏᅉࢆࡉࡽ࡟⢭ᰝࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ

『政策と調査』第７号

㸰㸫㸰㸬㟁ヰㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ࠗୡㄽㄪᰝᖺ㚷࠘࡟ࡼࡿ㟁ヰㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰ᅗ⾲  㟁ヰㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ู௳ᩘ⋡᥎⛣㸦ᅗ⾲ 㸧ࢆࡳࢀࡤࠊᅇ཰⋡ 㸣᭤⥺ࡀ  ᖺ㸦 ௳㸧࡜  ᖺ㸦௳㸧࡛㗦࠸ࣆ࣮ࢡࢆᣢࡕࠊ㠃᥋ㄪᰝࡢヱᙜᅇ཰⋡᭤⥺㸦ᅗ⾲ 㸸 ᖺ  ௳ࠊᖺ  ௳㸧ࢆୖᅇࡿࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㠃᥋ㄪᰝࡼࡾࡶ㟁ヰㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃࠊࡑࡢヱᙜ௳ᩘࡶ᱁ẁ࡟ከ࠸࡜࠸࠺⤫ィ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᑗ᮶࡟ṧࡿබᘧ⤫ィ࡜ࡋ࡚ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㠃᥋ㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ィ⟬࡛ࡣィ⏬ᶆᮏᩘࢆศẕ࡟ࡍࡿࡢࡀᇶᮏ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊணഛࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᅇ཰⋡ࡀỈቑࡋࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ஦౛ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࠊ㟁ヰㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡Ỉቑࡋࡼࡾࡣࡲࡔࡲࡋ࡛࠶ࡿࠋሗ㐨ᶵ㛵࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 5'' ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊㄪᰝᮇ㛫୰࡟ୡᖏ⏝࠿஦ᴗ⏝ࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿ุ᫂ࡋ࡞࠸㟁ヰ␒ྕࢆᅇ཰⋡ィ⟬ࡢศẕ࠿ࡽྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃ࡜࠸࠺᧯సࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄪᰝ⤊஢ᚋࡶࡇࢀࡽࡢ␒ྕ࡟㟁ヰࢆ࠿ࡅ⥆ࡅ࡚ୡᖏ⏝࠿஦ᴗ⏝࠿ࢆุ᫂ࡉࡏࡓ࠺࠼࡛ᅇ཰⋡ࢆィ⟬ࡋ┤ࡏࡤࠊᐇ㉁ᅇ཰⋡ࡣ࠿࡞ࡾపࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ㐣ཤࡢヨ⾜࡛ࡣࠊㄪᰝ⤊஢ᚋ࡟ୡᖏ࠿஦ᴗᡤ࠿ᮍุ᫂ࡔࡗࡓ␒ྕ࡟㟁ヰࢆ࠿ࡅ⥆ࡅࡿ࡜ࠊ ๭௨ୖࡀୡᖏ⏝࡜ุ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋሗ㐨ᶵ㛵ࡣࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᢎ▱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࠊㄪᰝ⤊஢┤ᚋ࡟ሗ㐨ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊᅇ཰⋡ィ⟬ࡢ㝿࡟ࠊศẕࢆࠕୡᖏ࡜ุ᫂ࡋࡓ㟁ヰ␒ྕࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢேࡓࡕ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕᅇ⟅⋡ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋィ⏬ᶆᮏ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕᅇ཰⋡ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࠗୡㄽㄪᰝᖺ㚷࠘ࡣࠊ㠃᥋ㄪᰝ࡞࡝࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕᅇ཰⋡ࠖ࡜㟁ヰㄪᰝ࡞࡝࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕᅇ⟅⋡ࠖࡀΰྠࡋࡓබᘧ⤫ィ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᅇ⟅⋡ࠖࡣࠊㄪᰝ⢭ᗘࢆ཯ᫎࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᶵ⬟ࡏࡎࠊࡴࡋࢁ㐠⏝ᐇែࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿࠋሗ㐨ᶵ㛵୍࡛␒ከࡃ 5'' ἲ࡟ࡼࡿ㟁ヰㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫ࡢᅇ཰⋡᥎⛣࡛☜ㄆࡍࡿ㸦ᅗ⾲ 㸸ୡㄽㄪᰝ༠఍ࡀ㛤♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡼࡾసᡂ㸧ࠋಶே᝟ሗಖㆤἲ᪋⾜ᚋࡢࣉࣛ࢖ࣂࢩ࣮ព㆑ࡢ㧗ࡲࡾ࡞࡝࡛ㄪᰝࡢ㐠⏝ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ
 ᖺ࠿ࡽ  ᖺࡢ㛫ࡢ 5''ㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡣୖ᪼ഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭷ຠ⋓ᚓࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢῶᑡᑐ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ィ⏬ᶆᮏ㸦⏝ពࡍࡿ㟁ヰ␒ྕ㸧ࢆቑࡸࡋࠊᮍุ᫂␒ྕࡶቑ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞㐠⏝ࢆࡍࢀࡤ┠ᶆ᭷ຠᩘࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠕᅇ⟅⋡ࠖ㸦ᅇ཰⋡࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸧ࡶୖ᪼ࡍࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊ ᖺ௨㝆ࡣᅇ⟅⋡ࡀῶᑡᅗ⾲  㟁ヰㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫ 『政策と調査』第７号

ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋෆ㛶ᗓࡢ㠃᥋ㄪᰝࡢࠕᅇ཰⋡ࠖࡀ㹔Ꮠᅇ᚟ࡋࡓࡢ࡜ࡣ㏫࡛ࠊᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫ࡢ 5''ㄪᰝࡢࠕᅇ⟅⋡ࠖࡣȃ㸦࣒ࣛࢲ㸧Ꮠኻቒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀࠊࠕᅇ⟅⋡ࠖࡣㄪᰝ⢭ᗘࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊ㐠⏝࡟ㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ஦౛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ṇ☜࡞ࠕᅇ཰⋡ࠖࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡞࠸㐠⏝ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ5'' ㄪᰝࡀṇᖖ࡟ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸⌧㇟ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྛ♫ࡀሗ㐨ࡍࡿෆ㛶ᨭᣢ⋡ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿ஦౛ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠕ஦౛࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࡶࡣࡸࠕ஦௳ࠖ࡜࠸࠺࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ᖺ  ᭶ࡢ⚟⏣ෆ㛶ᨵ㐀┤ᚋࡢෆ㛶ᨭᣢᅗ⾲  ሗ㐨ྛ♫ࡢෆ㛶ᨭᣢ⋡ࡢẚ㍑  ᖺ࡜  ᖺ ⋡ࡣᮅ᪥࣭ẖ᪥࡜ㄞ኎࣭᪥⤒ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࡣࠊ㉁ၥᩥ࡟ࠕᨵ㐀ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ㄞ኎᪥⤒ඹྠẖ᪥ᮅ᪥ᖺ ᨭᣢ ๓ᅇẚ ୙ᨭᣢ ࠕᨵ㐀ࠖ 㔜ࡡ⪺ࡁ ᅇ⟅⋡ ᩘ㔠ᅵ  ࠐࠐ ᅵ᪥  ࠐࠐ 㔠ᅵ  ࠐ 㔠ᅵ  㔠ᅵ  s ㄞ኎᪥⤒ඹྠẖ᪥ᮅ᪥ᖺ ᨭᣢ ๓ᅇẚ ୙ᨭᣢ ࠕᨵ㐀ࠖ 㔜ࡡ⪺ࡁ ᅇ⟅⋡ ᩘỈᮌ  ࠐ Ỉᮌ  ࠐ Ỉᮌ  ࠐ Ỉᮌ  s ᅵ᪥  ᩥゝࡀຍࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ᅇ⟅ࢆ῰ࡿே࡟ࠕ㔜ࡡ⪺ࡁࠖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᙳ㡪࡛ࠊㄞ኎࣭᪥⤒ࡢෆ㛶ᨭᣢ⋡ࡀ㧗ࡵ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺㆑⪅ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡀ┦ḟ࠸ࡔࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ௒ᖺ㸦 ᖺ㸧ࡲࡓࠊᮅ᪥࣭ẖ᪥࡜ㄞ኎࣭᪥⤒࡛ᕪࡀ㛤࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௒ᅇࡣㄞ኎࣭᪥⤒ࡢ㉁ၥᩥ࡟ࡣࠕᨵ㐀ࠖࡢᩥゝࡣධࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࠕ㔜ࡡ⪺ࡁࠖࡢᙳ㡪ࡔ࡜ࡍࡿ㆑⪅ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᯇ⏣㸦㸧ࡣᙜ᫬࠿ࡽࠊձ➨  ḟᏳಸෆ㛶ࡢ࡜ࡁࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌧㇟ࡣⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊ
ղ ᖺᙜ᫬ࠊㄞ኎᪂⪺♫ࡢෆ㛶ᨭᣢ⋡ㄪᰝࡣ㠃᥋ㄪᰝࡀ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡾ⥭ᛴ᫬ࡢࡳ 5'' ㄪᰝࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠊճㄞ኎࡜᪥⤒᪂⪺♫ࡢ㏻ᖖ᫬ࡢ 5'' ㄪᰝࡣ  ᪥㛫ㄪᰝ࡛࠶ࡾ⥭ᛴ᫬࡟ࡣ  ᪥ㄪᰝ࡜࡞ࡿࠊ
ࡇ࡜ࢆ᰿ᣐ࡟୍㈏ࡋ࡚㐠⏝ࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࠕ㔜ࡡ⪺ࡁࠖࡣෆ㛶ᨭᣢ⋡ࡀ㧗ࡵ࡟࡞ࡿㄏᅉ࡟ࡍࡂࡎࠊࡑࡢ᰿ᮏ࡟ࡣ⥭ᛴᣍ㞟ࡉࢀࡿ࣮࢜࣌ࣞࢱ࣮ࡢ୙ᆒ㉁࡞㐠⏝ࡸᨵ㐀ෆᐜࢆṇ☜࡟ᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ㄪᰝ  ᪥┠ࡢኪ࡟㉁ၥࡉࢀࡓᑐ㇟⪅ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅇ⟅⾜ືࢆ࡜ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࠕ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄪ࡭ࡓࡶࡢࢆෆ㛶ᨭᣢ⋡࡜ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࠖࡀ㉳ᅉ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ┠ᶆ᭷ຠᩘࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵ⥭ᛴ᫬ࡣ㏻ᖖ᫬ࡼࡾࡶ㟁ヰ␒ྕࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆቑࡸࡍࡀࠊㄪᰝᮇ㛫ࡢ▷ࡉ࠿ࡽࢥ࣮ࣝᅇᩘࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࠕᅇ⟅⋡ࠖࡢィ⟬ᐃ⩏ࢆᛮ࠸㉳ࡇࡏࡤࠊᅇ⟅⋡ࡣ㏻ᖖ࡜ྠ➼࠿ࡴࡋࢁ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠊ┿ࡢᅇ཰⋡ᐃ⩏ࢆࡏࡎ࡟ᅇ⟅⋡ᐃ⩏࡛㐠⏝ࡉࢀࡿㄪᰝࡣࠊぢࡓ┠ࡢయ⿢ࡀඃඛࡉࢀࠊㄪᰝࡢ㉁ࢆⴠ
࡜ࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
㸰㸫㸱㸬㒑㏦ㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ࠗୡㄽㄪᰝᖺ㚷࠘࡟ࡼࡿ㒑㏦ㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡᥎⛣㸦ᅗ⾲ 㸧ࢆࡳࢀࡤࠊᅇ཰⋡ 㸣᭤⥺ࡀ  ᖺ㸦 ௳㸧࠿ࡽ 㸣᭤⥺ࢆ✺ࡁᨺࡋ  ᖺ௨㝆ࡣ  ௳ࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

『政策と調査』第７号

ᖺ࠿ࡽ ᭤⥺ࡀഴࡁࢆኚ࠼ᛴቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ㒑㏦ㄪᰝࡢᐇ᪋௳ᩘࡢቑຍ㸦ഴࡁ㸧࡟ࡶ཯ᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ
 ㏆ᖺࡣ 㸣᭤⥺ࡸ 㸣᭤⥺ࡀᛴపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊㄞ኎ࠊᮅ᪥ࠊẖ᪥࡞࡝ࡢྛ᪂⪺♫ࡀᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㒑㏦ㄪᰝࡣ ௨ୖࢆ☜ಖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋෆ㛶ᗓࡀ  ᖺ  ᭶࡟ࠕ♫఍ព㆑࡟㛵ࡍࡿୡㄽㄪᰝࠖ㸦㠃᥋ἲ㸧ࡢ┤ᚋ࡟୪⾜ⓗ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㒑㏦ㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡶ 㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ㒑㏦ㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡣప࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ㄗࡗࡓᖖ㆑࡟⏑ࢇࡌ࡚ᅇ཰⋡ 㸣ࡢ☜ಖ࡛‶㊊ࡋࡓࡾࠊ࡛ࡶᙜ↛ࡢ⤖ᯝࡔ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑࡟ࡼࡿᅗ⾲  㒑㏦ㄪᰝࡢᅇ཰⋡ู௳ᩘࡢ᥎⛣㐠⏝ࡀࠊ⤫ィୖ࡟཯ᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠕᅇ཰⋡ࠖࡢព⩏ࢆࡣࡁ㐪࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ೺඲࡞ㄪᰝࢆᦆ࡞࠸⑓≧ࡢ᪩ᮇⓎぢࢆぢ㏨ࡍ஦ែ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㠃᥋ࡸ㟁ヰㄪᰝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㧗ᅇ཰⋡ࡣࠊㄪᰝ㐠⏝ࡢ␗ᖖࢆணឤࡉࡏࠊపᅇ཰⋡ࡀ᧯సࡢ࡞࠸ㄪᰝࢆணឤࡉࡏࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠕᅇ཰⋡ࡢ㏫ᣦᶆᛶࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᅇ཰⋡ᐃ⩏ࡀ᫂☜࡞࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡣࠊูࡢᒎ㛤ࡀጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸱㸬࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢㄪᰝ≧ἣ ᪂ࡋ࠸ㄪᰝ᪉ἲࡣࠊ㑅ᣲண ࡢኻᩋ࡜ᡂຌ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᖺ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝኱⤫㡿㑅ᣲ࡛ࣜࢸ࣮࣭ࣛࣜࢲ࢖ࢪ࢙ࢫࢺㄅࡀண ࡟ኻᩋࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࠕᶆᮏࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡼࡾࡣᶆᮏࡢ௦⾲ᛶࠖࢆ㔜どࡍࡿὶࢀ࡟ኚࢃࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࠊࢠࣕࣛࢵࣉࠊ࣮ࣟࣃ࣮ࠊࢡࣟࢫ࣮ࣞࡣ UHSUHVHQWDWLYHPHWKRG㸦࠸ࡲࡢ๭ᙜἲࡢ୍✀㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᡂຌࡋࡓࡀࠊ ᖺ኱⤫㡿㑅ᣲ࡛ࡣࡑࢁࡗ࡚ኻᩋࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊࠕ௦⾲ᛶࡣ๭ᙜ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ↓సⅭ࡛ᢸಖࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᩍ⩏ࡀฟ᮶ୖࡀࡗࡓࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ♫఍ㄪᰝἲ࡛ᩍᤵࡉࢀࡿఏ⤫ⓗ࡞↓సⅭᢳฟἲ࡟ࡼࡿㄪᰝࡣࠊࡇࡢ⤒㦂ࢆཷࡅ⥅࠸࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡉ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡲࡶࡇࡢᩍ⩏ࡣṇࡋ࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ  ᖺ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝኱⤫㡿㑅ᣲ࡛ࣁࣜࢫ࢖ࣥࢱࣛࢡࢸ࢕ࣈࡀ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺㄪᰝࢆ⏝࠸࡚௚♫ࡢ㟁ヰ 5'' ㄪᰝࡼࡾ  ಸṇ☜࡟ண ࢆⓗ୰ࡉࡏࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣࠊࢠࣕࣛࢵࣉ࡞࡝ࡢ⪁⯒ㄪᰝ఍♫ࡸᏛ⾡㛵ಀ⪅ࡣ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸦⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸㸧࡜ᢈุࡋࡓࠋᅛᐃ㟁ヰࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋࡓ 5'' ㄪᰝࢆẚ㍑ᇶ‽࡜ࡋࡓഴྥࢫࢥ࢔ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ฼⏝⪅࡛࡞࠸᭷ᶒ⪅ࡢពྥࡶ᥎ᐃࡍࡿ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࢝ࣂࣞࢵࢪ࣭࢚࣮ࣛࡢ⿵ṇࢆࡋࡓࠋࣁࣜࢫࡢ᪉ἲࡣ㑅ᣲண ࡢ᭷ຊ࡞᪉ἲㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᬑཬࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊഴྥࢫࢥ࢔ࡣࠊᅇ཰⋡ࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓఏ⤫ⓗㄪᰝࡢࣀࣥࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢫ࣭࢚࣮ࣛࢆ⿵ṇࡍࡿᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚ከ⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚௒ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥ࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡣࠊㄪᰝ㛵ಀ⪅࡟⾪ᧁࢆ୚࠼ࡓࠋ1<7㸦1HZ<RUN7LPHV㸧࡜ &%6㸦&%61HZV㸧ࡀඹྠ࡛ %DWWOHJURXQG7UDFNHU࡜㖭ᡴࡕࠊ<*㸦<RX*RY㸧ࡀᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࢖
ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺㄪᰝࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚  ᭶ࡲ࡛ẖ᭶ࠊ୰㛫㑅ᣲࡢண ሗ㐨ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡜Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓࡢ

『政策と調査』第７号

࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨  ᅇሗ㐨ࡣ  ᭶  ᪥ࠋ1<7ࠊ&%6ࠊ<* ࡀ࡜ࡶ࡟ࢿࢵࢺୖ࡛ඹ࿴ඪࡀࡸࡸᙉ࠸࡜࠸࠺ண ⤖ᯝࢆᥖ㍕ࡋࡓࠋఏ⤫ⓗㄪᰝࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ $$325㸦࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ୡㄽㄪᰝᏛ఍㸧ࡢ୰ᚰ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㔜࠸ሗ㐨㈐௵ࢆᢸ࠺ 1<7 ࡜ &%6 ࡢኚ⠇࡟ᑐࡋࠊ$$325ࡣ  ᭶  ᪥௜࡛ࠕ௒᪥ࡢ㑅ᣲ࣭ୡㄽㄪᰝ࡟
࠾ࡅࡿ㏱᫂ᛶ࡜つ᱁ࡢ㔜せᛶࠖ࡜㢟ࡋࡓኌ᫂ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢኌ᫂࡟ᑐࡍࡿホุࡣࡼࡃ࡞࠸ࠋ5HJ%DNHU ࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺ㸸$$325 ࡸ 05 㛵㐃ࡢᙺ⫋ࢆᢸ࠸⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡣࠕ$$325 ࡣ㋃ࡳእࡋࡓ $$325JHWVLWZURQJ ࠖ࡜㢟ࡍࡿグ஦ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࠋ$$325 ኌ᫂ࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡿࠕࡇࢀࡽ᪂⏕ࡢ᪉ἲㄽࡢ㝈⏺ࢆ༑ศ࡟⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ᪂ࡋ࠸ヨࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜ࡢᛶᛴࡉࠖ
ࠕ㏱᫂ᛶࠊ᏶඲㛤♧ࠊ᫂☜࡞つ᱁࡜࠸࠺ᙉຊ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳࡢḞஈࠖ࡜࠸࠺㦵Ꮚ࡟ᑐࡋⱞゝࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⣙  ᖺ $$325 ఍ဨ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ≉ูጤဨ఍ࡢඹྠ㆟㛗ࡶົࡵࡓ࡜⮬ᕫ⤂௓ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ$$325 ࡣࠕ⟇␎ⓗ࡞㞃႘ SROLWLFDOPHWDSKRU ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡛Ṕྐࡢᝏᙺ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠖ࡜Ⴣࡁࠊࠕᮍ᮶ࢆᣄྰࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊୡ⏺୰ࡢ᭷⬟࡞࣓ࢯࢻࣟࢪࢫࢺࡓࡕ࡜୍⥴࡟ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸᪉ἲ࡬࡜⛣⾜ࡍࡿே㐩ࢆ᥼ຓࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ຊࢆ
ὀ࠸࡛࡯ࡋ࠸ࠖ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
%DNHU ࠋᅗ⾲   ᖺ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝኱⤫㡿㑅ᣲࡢண ⢭ᗘ

%DNHU ࡣ  ᖺ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝኱⤫㡿㑅ᣲ࡛ࡢྛ♫ࡢண ⢭ᗘࢆ♧ࡍ୍ぴ⾲ᅗ⾲ 6LOYHU ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᅇၥ㢟どࡉࢀࡓ <* <RX*RYࡢᖹᆒㄗᕪࡣ 㸣࡞ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡶᑐ㇟࡟ࡋࡓ *DOOXS ࡢ㟁ヰㄪᰝࡣ ࡜኱ࡁࡃຎࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ<*ࡢ࣐ࢵࢳࣥࢢἲࡣᏛ఍άືࡸㄽᩥ࡛ࡶ㛤♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦5LYHUV
 %DLOH\㸧ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃఏ⤫ⓗ࡞᪉ἲࡢ࡯࠺࡟㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡇࡢ࣐ࢵࢳࣥࢢἲࡣ༑ศ࡞㏱᫂ᛶࡀ
࠶ࡾ๓㏵᭷ᮃ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚$$325 ࡢኌ᫂ࢆᢈุࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ%DNHU ࡢኌ᫂Ⓨ⾲ࡢ๓᪥࡟ࡣ *HOPDQ ࢥࣟࣥࣅ࢔኱Ꮫᩍᤵ㸸⤫ィ࣭ᨻ἞Ꮫࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛࠶ࡾ࣋࢖ࢬ⤫ィࡢⴭ᭩ࡶ࠶ࡿ ࡜ 5RWKVFKLOG ࢚ࢥࣀ࣑ࢫࢺ㸸࠾ࡶ࡟ 0651<& ࡢ௙஦ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸭࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢯࣇࢺࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ ࡀඹྠ࡛ 7KH0RQNH\&DJH ࡜ 7KH+XIILQJWRQ3RVW ࡢࢥ࣒ࣛ
࡛ $$325 ࡢኌ᫂࡟ᑐࡋ཯ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ *HOPDQ5RWKVFKLOG ࠋ%DNHU ྠᵝ࡟ $$325 ኌ᫂ࡢၥ㢟ಶᡤࢆᘬ⏝ࡋࠊ1<7 ࡢ 7KH8SVKRW ࡢࢥ࣮ࢼ࣮ࢆᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿ&RKQ  ࡀ<* ࢆ㉳⏝ࡍࡿ᫂ゎ࡞⌮⏤ࢆࡍ࡛࡟ ᭶ ᪥࡟ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࠊ

『政策と調査』第７号$$325 ࡢጉᐖ⾜Ⅽࢆ᥾ᥟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
 *HOPDQ ࡢ཯ㄽࡣ᫂ゎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋఏ⤫ⓗㄪᰝࡀ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿ௬ㄝ㸦ձ㟁ヰ࡛ㄡ࡟࡛ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠊղ࡝ࢇ࡞ேࡶ㟁ヰ࡛ࡣྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ᅇ⟅ࡍࡿࠊճ࡝ࢇ࡞ே࡛ࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ㄪᰝ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࠊմㄪᰝ⪅ࡣ୍⯡᭷ᶒ⪅ࡢᅇ⟅࠿ࡽᢞ⚊⪅ࢆ᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ㸧ࡀࠊጇᙜ࡞ࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠋᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢᬑཬ࡟ࡼᅗ⾲  3HZ5HVHDUFK&HQWHU 㛤♧ࡢᅇ཰⋡᥎⛣ࡿᙳ㡪࡜ 3HZ5HVHDUFK&HQWHU ࡀ㛤♧ࡋࡓᅇ཰⋡ࡢపୗ㸦ᅗ⾲ 
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『政策と調査』第７号

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩!ᯇ⏣ᫎ஧ࠕ㟁ヰㄪᰝࡢ⎔ቃኚ໬࡜ᡭἲ㑄⛣ࠖࠗ⾜ືィ㔞Ꮫ఍➨38 ᅇ኱఍ᢒ㘓㞟࠘
ࠊ162-163ࠊ2010ᯇ⏣ᫎ஧ࠕㄪᰝࡢಙ㢗ᛶࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࠖࠗᨻ⟇࡜ㄪᰝ࠘6ࠊ3-37ࠊ2014ᐨ⏣࿴ஂࠕ㠃᥋ㄪᰝࡢ⌧≧࡜ㄢ㢟ࠖࠗ⾜ືィ㔞Ꮫ࠘35(1)ࠊ5-16ࠊ2008
Baker, Reg (2014). AAPOR gets it wrong:
http://regbaker.typepad.com/regs_blog/2014/08/aapor-gets-it-wrong.html (August 05, 2014)
Cohn, Nate (2014). Explaining Online Panels and the 2014 Midterms
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/28/upshot/explaining-online-panels-and-the-2014-midterms.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Aw%2C%7B%221%22%3A%22RI%3A8%22%7D&abt=0002&abg=1 (JULY 27, 2014)
Gelman, Andrew and David Rothschild (2014). Modern polling needs innovation, nottraditionalism
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/08/04/modern-polling-requiresboth-sampling-and-adjustment/ (August 4, 2014)
Pew Research Center (2012). Assessing the Representativeness of Public Opinion Surveys
http://www.people-press.org/2012/05/15/assessing-the-representativeness-of-public-opinion-su
rveys/ (May 15, 2012)
Rivers, Douglas (2006). Sample Matching: Representative Sampling from Internet Panels. PaloAlto, CA: Polimetrix, Inc.
http://web.mit.edu/clawson/www/polisci/OldFiles/portl/cces/material/sample_matching.pdf
Rivers, Douglas (2007). Sampling for Web Surveys. Paper presented at the 2007 Joint
Statistical Meetings, Salt Lake City, Utah, July-August.
http://www.laits.utexas.edu/txp_media/html/poll/files/Rivers_matching.pdf
Rivers, Douglas, and Delia Bailey (2009). Inferences from Matched Samples in the 2008 U.S.
National Elections. Proceedings of the Survey Research Methods Section of the American
Statistical Association, Joint Statistical Meeting 2009.
https://www.amstat.org/sections/srms/proceedings/y2009/Files/303309.pdf
Rothschild, David and Andrew Gelman (2014). Modern Polling Requires Both Sampling andAdjustment
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-rothschild/modern-polling-requires-b_b_5646174.html(Posted: 08/04/2014 12:40 pm Updated: 3:59 pm)
Silver, Nate (2012). Which Polls Fared Best (and Worst) in the 2012 Presidential Race
http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/10/which-polls-fared-best-and-worst-in-the-2
012-presidential-race/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0 (November 10, 2012 8:38 pm)