The 3rd ENRI International Workshop on ATM/CNS

A STUDY ON OPERATION CONCEPTFOR NEXT GENERATION AIR
VEHICLES IN KOREA
February 20, 2013
Presented by Jae-Hyun HAN
Dept. of Aviation Policy and Technology
Korea Transport Institute (KOTI)

CONTENTS

21INTRODUCTION

2TRENDS OF PAV DEVELOPMENT

3OPERATION CONCEPT forNEXT GENERATION AIR VEHICLES

4CONCLUSION

1. INTRODUCTION

3

1. INTRODUCTION

Society- Entry of an aging
society

Culture- Improving income
levels & Borderlessglobalization

Politics- international
network system

Economy- digital economy- convergence &complexity ofTechnology
technologiesIncrease of
Personal
Mobility
Increased
Anxiety about
the Disaster

Increase ofSocialMobility

Activated
LeisureExpectationof Increased
Level ofSafety

Source : Master Plan of Construction and Transportation Technology R & D projects (KICTEP)
4

1. INTRODUCTION

Air traffic delays

Air traffic growth

Operational efficiency
and aviation safety

average annual rate : + 7.3%

overland traffic congestion
Emergence of PAV

Problems
due totrafficcongestion

Transport efficiency
Increased traffic congestion costs

Limited road conditions, traffic congestion → Moving speed lower/ fuelconsumption increased
Cost of road traffic congestion : ~ $ 24 billion (2008 in Korea)
Total population : 48.5 m (2008)
Annual Traffic congestion cost : 50 $/person
No. of Vehicle Registration : 16.4 m (2008)
Annual Traffic congestion cost : 150 $ /vehicle5

1. INTRODUCTION
Number of vehicles
registration(10 thousand)
2000
1800
1600
1400

1,206

1,291

1,395

1,459

1,493

1,540

'03

'04

'05

1,590

1,643

1,679

1,733

'06

'07

'08

'09

1,794

1,844

1,887

'10'11

12

1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0'00

'01

'02

Source : The ROK Ministry of Land Transport and Maritime Affairs($ billion)

Annual Traffic Congestion Cost

Source : The ROK Ministry of Land Transport and Maritime Affairs61. INTRODUCTION

7

2. TRENDS OF PAV DEVELOPMENT8

2. TRENDS OF PAV DEVELOPMENT
International Trend
NASA Concept of PAV
In the 2005 Centennial Challenge initiative in conjunction with the CAFE Foundation, NASA has
proposed the definition of a PAV as follows;• Seats 2 to 6 passengers, 240–320 km/h cruising speed• Quiet, comfortable and reliable• Able to be flown by anyone with a driver’s license• As affordable as travel by car or airliner.
• Near all-weather capability enabled by synthetic vision systems• Highly fuel efficient (able to use alternative fuels).
• 1,300 km range.
• Provide "door-to-door" travel capabilities

AGATE/PAVE/SATS programs
AGATE and PAVE programs performed by NASA for developing the core technologies of small
aircrafts to provide safer, more convenient and comfortable air transport

SATS Program performed by FAA applying free flight concept for point to point airtransport
92. TRENDS OF PAV DEVELOPMENT
International Trend
NextGen
JPDO(Joint Planning and Development Office) set-up in 2005
To cope the air traffic demand of 2-3 times increase up to 2025
Air traffic infrastructure implementation plan
To improve safety and capacity of Airspace and Airport

Source : FAA NextGen
102. TRENDS OF PAV DEVELOPMENT
International Trend
SESAR (Europe)
Key Performance Targets in 2020
To enable 3times increase in capacity
To improve safety 10 times
To reduce by 10% environmental impact
per flight
To cut ATM cost by 50%
Source : SESAR In Brief, General Overview , 2009

CARATS (Japan)

11

2. TRENDS OF PAV DEVELOPMENTROK Trend

KOREA AEROSPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE(2010)
Preliminary study on PAV has been performed under the program ofthe ROK Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE).
Roadmap for the development of PAV has been set up to 2030
focused on the development of air vehicles.

THE KOREA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE (2011)
Master plan study on the infrastructure for the PAV operation has
been performed under the program of the ROK Ministry of Land
Transport and Maritimes Affairs.
Operating type of PAVs has been classified into 2 modes.
Operation concept for the near-term, the mid-term and the long-term
has been developed in the frame of the development stage ofPAVs.
123. OPERATION CONCEPT FOR NEXT
GENERATION AIR VEHICLES
3.1 Scenario for PAV Operation
3.2 Phase 1 operation concept
3.3 Phase 2 operation concept133.1 Scenario for PAV Operation• Mainly flying , possible to drive• Operated environment friendly/ economically• Relatively long-haul flight• High space –utilization• Operated simply• More expensive than CTOL

Image source s: Terrafugia Transition, Paul Moller’s skycar etc.
14

3.1 Scenario for PAV Operation
Phase 1

Early Phase 2Late Phase 2

CTOL

STOL+VTOLSTOL+VTOLSingle ModeSingle Mode

Dual Mode

City to CityZone to Zone

Door to DoorSize

PAV airfieldwith runway

Vertical take-off
and landing airfields(reduced in size),building rooftops, etc.

Private residential yards,
building rooftops, etc.

ATS

MannedUnmanned

Unmanned

MannedMannedManned (Road)/
Automated (Sky)Type of PAV
Operation
Mode
Accessibility

Airfield

Pilot15

3.2 Phase 1 operation concept
Satellite based
Surveillance

Vertical Takeoff on
Rooftop

Automatic
en-route flight

Takeoff on dedicatedairfield

Vertical landing on
Rooftop
City to City

Transfer from PAVto Mobile

Transfer fromMobile to PAVManned ATC

Landing on
dedicated runwayexample

Manned pilot
Manned Control Tower“See and Avoid” Operational Concept

Similar to the operation for the light aircraft and ultra-light aircraft.
Visual flight rules and air traffic services with current air traffic control
procedures.
Conventional infrastructure : aerodromes, taking-off and landing facilities,
designated airspace for light and ultra-light aircrafts in Korea
16

3.3 Phase 2 operation concept
Satellite based
Surveillance

Automatic
en-route flight

VerticalTakeoff on
Own yard
Airfield entry andUnfolding wings,
Takeoff

Landing,
Folding wings anddrive on the road
VerticalLanding onOwn yard

Door to Door무인관제Manned pilot
Unmanned pilot
Unmanned Control Tower“Detect, Sense and Avoid “Operational Concept
Ultimately, based on the concept and technologies for free flight.
Concept of highway in the sky with automatic air traffic service
Operated in vertical taking-off and landing mode and both on the groundand in the air.
17

4. CONCLUSION

18

4. CONCLUSION

Emergence of New means of transportation
Traffic congestion, New technologies, Convergence of vehicle + aircraft
Types of PAV operation- Single mode(flying only)- Dual mode(flying and driving)Operation ConceptOperation concept for PAVs
- Phase I (short term) : “see and avoid” under controller’s ATS- Phase 2 (long term ) : “detect, sense and avoid” under automatic ATS
Accessibility to Destination improved (door to door).
19

The Korea Transport Institute (KOTI)
Dept. of Aviation Policy and Technology

20