Ocean Acidification in relation to SDG-14 (and 13)
Working Group 4SDGs represent aclear opportunity
for generating
greater coherence
betwenn EO andsociety,environment andeconomy policy
issues
EO can play key
roles inmonitoringtargets, planning,
tracking progress,and helping
nations and otherstakeholders
make information
decisions10 TARGETS and 10 INDICATORS“Indicators [are] the backbone of monitoring progress towards the SDGs atthe local, national, regional, and global levels. A sound indicator framework
will turn the SDGs and their targets into a management tool to help countries
develop implementation strategies and allocate resources accordingly, as well
as a report card to measure progress towards sustainable development andhelp ensure the accountability of all stakeholders for achieving the SDGs.”

10 TARGETS and 10 INDICATORS
ThemesActions• Marine pollution• marine and coastal ecosystems• prevent and reduce• Conserve, sustainably manage and use,international law• Minimize• Regulate,• Prohibit• ocean acidification• Overfishing• Illegal, unreported andunregulated fishing• small-scale artisanal fishers• Improve ocean health• Economic benefits to Small
Island developing States• access to marine resources & markets• research capacity and transfer marinetechnology• sustainable use of marine resources

TARGETS
14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based
activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution
14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant
adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration inorder to achieve healthy and productive oceans14.3 Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced
scientific cooperation at all levels
14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated
fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in orderto restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum
sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics
14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national andinternational law and based on the best available scientific information

TARGETS
14.6 By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity andoverfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing andrefrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special anddifferential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of theWorld Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation
14.7 By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developedcountries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management offisheries, aquaculture and tourism
14A Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking
into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on theTransfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance thecontribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particularsmall island developing States and least developed countries
14B Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets14C Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing
international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation andsustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of The Future We Wan

CO2 and pH time series in the North Pacific Ocean. Adaptedfrom Feely (2008)

Pelejero et. al. 2010

Impacts of Ocean Acidification on ecosystem, food security, andeconomic use of ecosystem for tourist

Feely et al. ,in prep.

Ocean Acidification is a Concern for Many
Commercially Important SpeciesFeely et al. ,in prep.

SDG-14 Indicators• Tier I: Indicators conceptually clear, establishedmethodology and standards available and data regularlyproduced by countries.
• Tier II: Indicator conceptually clear, establishedmethodology and standards available but data are notregularly produced by countries.
• Tier III: Indicators for which there are no establishedmethodology and standards or methodology/standards arebeing developed/tested.

Defining Ocean Acidification targets
Target14.3 Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including
through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels
Indicator
14.3.1 Average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite ofrepresentative sampling stations

Defining Ocean Acidification targets
1. Is the OA target conceptually clear-physically, biologically, socio-economically?
a) If not what are the gaps?
2. Indicator interpretation
a. what does average mean?
b. What what criteria should be used to determine representatives sites
3. What methodologies are there available and what might need to be developed?
a. Measurementb. Analysis and interpretation an reporting
4. Are there standards defined for :a. Measurementb. Baselines and thresholds
5. Are countries making these measurements
a. What are the barrier to making these measurements

Defining Ocean Acidification targets

In Region:
UNESCO-IOC Sub-commission for
the Western Pacific (WESTPAC)
IAEA
PICES
Research Institutes
University

Designing GOA-ON
Three international workshops, 2012-2103, defined theframework for the observation network– Rationale– Goals– Design– Suite of measurement parameters– Regional coverage (hubs)– Data quality and data distribution strategies– International program integration

UNESCO-IOC Sub-commission for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC)- Develop SOP for pH and TA (sampling and measurement)- Capacity building- etc.

IAEA- Capacity building on carbonate measurement in seawater- etc.

PICES- International Calibration of carbonate measurement in the region- etc.

University and Research Institute- Implement research on related to ocean acidification- Monitoring programme on carbonate chemistry in seawater / marine biodiversity / response ofmarine organisms to ocean acidification- etc.