The 6th International Forum on the Decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear
Power Station @ Iwaki Performing Arts Center (Alios)

Current Status and Challenges of Analysisfor Decommissioning Work
August 29, 2022

Masumi Ishikawa
Director
Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc.
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Contents

1

1. Objective of Analysis
2. Current Status of Analysis at Fukushima Daiichi- Analysis facilities, analytical items, framework, and scale of volume- Request for analysis to external institutions

3. Future Prospects and Cooperative Framework with JAEA- Important events in decommissioning work
- Division of roles between TEPCO and JAEA

4. Challenges and Approach- Securing human resources- Facility development

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1. Objective of Analysis

2

Perform the following analyses to ensure the safety of Fukushima
Daiichi and proceed with decommissioning work strategically andsteadily.
On-site/off-site monitoring- Comprehending radiological impact on the surrounding environment- Keeping informed of on-site contamination & radiation control for workers, etc.

Decommissioning work planning, facility design, and safetyassessment/verification- Characterization of unknown substances, including fuel debris, and study ofretrieval policies and methods- Confirmation of design conditions (including optimization) & performance
retention- Various studies for waste processing/disposal

Accident investigation

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2-1. Current Status of Analysis - Analysis Facilities [1] -3

Analyses are performed mainly at two locations (Unit 5/6 lab andchemical analysis building).
Unit 5/6 lab

Chemical analysis
building

As of 2022
As of 2022

Analysis room + Measurement
room: 1000 m2

Analysis room + Measurement room: 850 m2
Cleanup, decontamination,and expansion work

Environmental
management building
Labs around Units 1 to 4
(Unusable due to the 3.11
Earthquake)

Limited work due to transfer of functions to other labs.

Immediately after the 3.11 Earthquake
Analysis room + Measurement room: 480 m2

Provided by: JAPANSPACEIMAGING©Digital
Globe
Providedby: JAPANSPACE CORPORATION,IMAGING CORPORATION,©Digital
Globe

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2-1. Current Status of Analysis - Analysis Facilities [2] Chemical analysis building
Analysis target: Samples with lowconcentration- Environmental samples (seawater, etc.)- Groundwater bypass and sub-drain purified water- Filters for air discharge control- ALPS treated water, etc.

Handling equipment: 35 hoods
Unit 5/6 lab
Analysis target: Samples with medium
and low concentration

Glove-box- Stagnant water in Units 1 to 4
- System water from contaminated water treatment facilities- Spent fuel pool water, etc.

Handling equipment:

Shielded glove-box

1 shielded glove-box, 5 glove-boxes, 26 hoods
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4

2-2. Current Status of Analysis - Analysis Equipment
and Number of Analysts
Unit 5/6 lab
Measuring device

Main applications

Number ofdevicesAnalysts

5

Chemical analysis
building
Number ofdevices

Ge semiconductor
detectorγ-nuclides(Cs-134, 137, etc.)

813

Automatic α-measuring
deviceTotal-α concentration43

α-nuclides (qualitative analysis
only)

12

Low back gas flow
counter

Total-β concentration/Sr-90

4β-nuclide analyzer

Sr-90

52Liquid scintillation counter

Tritium/C-14, etc.

311ICP-MS

I-129/Tc-99, etc.

22α spectrometer

Approx.
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5Analysts

Approx.
30

2-3. Current Status of Analysis - Scale of Volume Analysis volume has increased by about 16 times since before the 3.11
Earthquake to about 80,000 a year.
The number of samples analyzed is about 30,000 per year.
pH,
conductivity,difficult-tomeasurenuclides, etc.

22%
Tritium
analysis
13%

γ－nuclideanalysis 33%

Total-βanalysis28%

Annual number of analyses

Analysis at Fukushima Daiichi
Approx. 16 timesThe 3.11Earthquake

Uncountable

Fiscal year

About 5,000/year before the 3.11 Earthquake=> All analysis results are available on TEPCO's website.
https://www.tepco.co.jp/decommission/data/
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6

2-4. Current Status of Analysis - Example of Analysis by External Institutions We have conducted detailed analyses of samples collected from inside the primarycontainment vessels (PCVs) of Units 1 to 3 in collaboration with the “Project ofDecommissioning and Contaminated Water Management” promoted by the nationalgovernment.

<Results of SEM-EDS><Results of TEM>

<Results of ICP-MS>

Source: “Analysis of samples collected from inside the primary containment vessels (PCVs) and other locations in theFukushima Daiichi NPS (May 30, 2019)”
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7

3-1. Future Prospects - Important Events from an Analytical Perspective - 8
Full-scale analysis of "waste characterization" and "fuel debris retrieval" isexpected to begin in the mid-2020s.
In the initial stage, research and development by JAEA will play a central role in
the analysis, but in the future, TEPCO will aim to be capable of performing theanalyses on a routine basis.

Events in decommissioning work

2020s

Analyticalfunctions(Facilities)

2030s

On-site/off-site monitoring and facility design
Fuel debris retrieval

Waste characterization -> Study on processing/disposal
Incinerated ash, solid waste (metal, concrete, etc.), secondary waste from water treatment

Accident investigation[Issue] General analysis facilities (under consideration)

JAEA building #2
JAEA building #1
Unit 5/6 lab, chemical analysis building
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3-2. Future Prospects - Division of Roles between TEPCO and JAEA

9

Division of analytical roles between TEPCO and JAEA
Analysis for research and technical development: JAEA
Analysis for facility management, etc.: TEPCO

However, depending on the status of the decommissioning work, each facility willtake a coordinated and flexible approach so that necessary analysis and monitoring
can be performed.
<Key roles of each institute>
JAEA building #1
Research and technical developmenton waste processing/disposal
Development of analytical methods,etc.

JAEA building #2
Research and technicaldevelopment on fuel debris
Development of analyticalmethods, etc.

TEPCO’s general analysis facilities

Existing off-site analysis facilities
Research and technical developmenton processing/disposal
Development of analytical methods, etc.

NDF

On-site monitoring and troubleshooting
Design and progress management for decommissioning work such as fueldebris retrieval
Data expansion for waste processing/disposal
Accident investigation, etc.

Review of leading research programs
Review of rational management tactics
based on research results, etc.

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4-1. Future Challenges

10Since we have mainly conducted simple analyses such as γ-ray nuclide
analyses of liquid samples, we have almost no experience in analyzing solid
samples such as waste and fuel debris, for which pre-treatment techniques arecomplicated. In addition, there are no facilities or cells for handling highly
radioactive samples such as fuel debris.

Challenges
Securing analytical techniques and human resources- Securing analytical technicians who are capable of establishinganalytical procedures.
- Establishing analytical procedures for samples with no previous
experience, such as in fuel debris, and securing analysts.

Development of analytical facilities- Developing equipment and facilities to handle highly radioactive
samples such as fuel debris.
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4-2. Approach to Challenges - Securing Human Resources [1] 11Approach

It largely depends onexperience and takes time todevelop human resources.

Securing analytical technicians:- Cultivate through personnel exchanges (temporary transfer) with external analyticalinstitutions, etc.
- Mid-career employment

Securing analysts:- Training for analysts (to be considered)- Reduce the number of analysts required <- Simplify, accelerate, and automate analysis tasks
Organizational illustration

Functional elements

Assumedheadcount• Understand the decommissioning process• Understand information necessary fordecommissioning work and reflect the analysis
results in decommissioning work

SeveralAnalyticaltechnician• Understand analysis results and principles• Establish/refine procedures• Improve measuring instruments/systems

SeveralAnalysismanager• Analytical data management• Quality control• Outsource management

Analyst• Understand procedures• System/device operation skills• Knowledge of radiation protection/control

Analysis
evaluator

More than ten

About 100

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Insufficient4-2. Approach to Challenges - Securing Human Resources [2] 12Expectations for analytical technicians
Capable of quantifying the amount of radioactivity for each nuclide andanalyzing the physical and chemical properties of the radioactive materials
contained in unidentified samples.
Capable of establishing, optimizing, and verifying procedures for physicalpretreatment (e.g., severing, crushing, polishing) and chemical pretreatment(e.g., dissolution, separation) based on an understanding of measurement
techniques and according to the properties of the samples to be analyzed.
Capable of explaining the results obtained in an easy-to-understand mannerbased on standards and hands-on experience. Capable of examining andexplaining the mechanism that allows the results obtained to occur from on-site
conditions and making proposals for each area of work.
Elements required for human resources
Measurement-related: Understand the principles and implications of equipment
outputPretreatment-related: Knowledge of physics and chemistry, experience withchemical reactions, handling skills in operating tools
Explanation-related:
Knowledge of laws and regulations, knowledge of historicalanalysis data
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4-3. Approach to Issues - Development of Analysis Facilities -13

Analysis target
On-site/off-site monitoring samples, fuel debris, waste samples, system facility samples,
bioassay samples, clearance samples, samples for accident investigation, etc.

Main analytical systems
Concrete cells, iron cells, glove boxes, measuring instruments, etc.

StatusConceptual study
Current
statusExamine facility size and feasibility
Fundamental designWaste analysis

Clearance• Summarize concepts to ensure safety• System design policy/basic specifications• Consider automation of routine analyses
Detailed design and construction

Bioassay

Environmental
Air supply systemanalysis
IroncellConcretecell

RoutineDebris analysis
Service system and gallery for visitors

Temporary solid
waste storage
ExhaustLiquid waste
systemstorage<Schematic drawing of general analysis facilities>
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