Accademia Musicale Studio Musica
International Conference on New Music Concepts
Inspired Education and
New Computer Science Generation
Proceeding Book
Vol. 7

Accademia Musicale Studio Musica
Michele Della Ventura
EditorCOPYRIGHT MATERIAL

Printed in Italy
First edition: March 2020
©2020 Accademia Musicale Studio Musica
www.studiomusicatreviso.it
Accademia Musicale Studio Musica – Treviso (Italy)
ISBN: 978-88-944350-3-0PrefaceThis volume of proceedings from the conference provides an opportunity for readers toengage with a selection of refereed papers that were presented during the International
Conference on New Music Concepts, Inspired Education and New Computer Science
Generation. The reader will sample here reports of research on topics ranging from adiverse set of disciplines, including mathematical models in music, computer science,learning and conceptual change; teaching strategies, e-learning and innovative learning,
neuroscience, engineering and machine learning.
This conference intended to provide a platform for those researchers in music, education,
computer science and educational technology to share experiences of effectively applying cutting-edge technologies to learning and to further spark brightening prospects. It
is hoped that the findings of each work presented at the conference have enlightened
relevant researchers or education practitioners to create more effective learning environments.
This year we received 57 papers from 19 countries worldwide. After a rigorous review
process, 24 paper were accepted for presentation or poster display at the conference,yelling an acceptance rate of 42%. All the submissions were reviewed on the basis of
their significance, novelty, technical quality, and practical impact.
The Conferece featured three keynote speakers: Prof. Giuditta Alessandrini (Universitàdegli Studi Roma TRE, Italy), Prof. Renee Timmers (The University of Sheffield, UK)
and Prof. Axel Roebel (IRCAM Paris, France).
I would like to thank the Organizing Committee for their efforts and time spent to ensure
the success of the conference. I would also like to express my gratitude to the program
Committee members for their timely and helpful reviews. Last but not least, I would liketo thank all the authors for they contribution in maintaining a high-quality conference
and I hope in your continued support in playing a significant role in the Innovative Technologies and Learning community in the future.

March 2020

Michele Della VenturaConference Chair
Michele Della Ventura, Accademia Musicale Studio Musica, Treviso, Italy

Keynote Speakers
Giuditta Alessandrini, Università degli Studi Roma TRE, Italy
Renee Timmers, The University of Sheffield, UK
Axel Roebel, IRCAM Paris, France

International Scientific Committee
Patricia Alessandrini, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
Jioanne Armitage, University of Leeds, UK
Suzanne Aspden, Faculty of Music, University of Oxford, UK
Jean-Julien Aucouturier, IRCAM, Paris, France
Per Bloland, Miami University, Ohio, USA
Jeffrey Boehm, Bath Spa University, UK
David Carabias Galindo, University of Segovia, Spain
Marko Ciciliani, University for Music and Performing Arts Vienna, Austria
Sally Jo Cunningham,University of Waikato, New Zealand
Ching-Hua Chuan, University of North Florida, U.S.A.
Darryl N. Davis, University of Hull, UK
Marlo De Lara, University of Leeds, UK
Elga Dorner, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
Simon Emmerson, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
Travis Garrison, University of Central Missouri, USA
Inés María Monreal Guerrero, University of Valladolid, Spain
Duncan Williams, University of Plymouth, UK
Andrew Hankinson, Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, UK
Joseph Hyde, Bath SPA University, UK
Wladyslaw Homenda, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Orestis Karamanlis, Bournemouth University, UK
Alexandros Kontogeorgakopoulos, Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK
Steven Jan, University of Huddersfield, UK
Tae Hong Park, New York University Steinhardt, USA
Rudolf Rabenstein, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
Silvia Rosani, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
Robert Rowe, New York University, USA
Nikos Stavropoulos, Leeds Beckett University, UK
Jacob David Sudol, Florida International University, U.S.A.
Eva Zangerle, University of Innsbruck, Austria

Contents

New Music Concepts
Analyzing relationships between color, emotion and music using Bayes’ rulein Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier Book I …………………………………….

10

Renee Timmers

Evaluation of Convolutional Neural Network and Four Typical Classification
Techniques for Music Genres Classification …………………………………

22

Conditional Modelling of Musical Bars with Convolutional Variational
Autoencoder ….……………………………………………………………….

33

Hayder K. Fatlawi, Attila Kiss

A. Oudad, H. Saito

Intelligent Automation of Secondary Melody Music Generation

……………

40

Nermin Naguib J. Siphocly, El-Sayed M. El-Horbaty, Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem

A Multidimensional Model of Music Tension………………………………..

47

Computational assistance leads to increased outcome diversity in a melodic
harmonisation task …………………………………………………………….

61

Aozhi Liu, Zhaohua Zhu, Zifeng Cai*, Zongyang Xie, Yaqi Mei, and Jing Xiao

Asterios Zacharakis, Maximos Kaliakatsos-Papakostas, Stamatia Kalaitzidou andEmilios Cambouropoulos

A Study on the Rug Patterns and Morton Feldman’s Approach……………..

68

Automatic Identification of Melody Tracks of Piano Sonatas using a Random
Forest Classifier ……………………………………………………………….

76

A.A. Javadi and M. Fujieda

Po-Chun Wang, Alvin W. Y. Su

Detection of Local Boundaries of Music Scores with BLSTM by using
Algorithmically Generated Labeled Training Data of GTTM Rules …………
You-Cheng Xiao, Alvin Wen-Yu Su

86

Computer Science
Music and the Brain: Composing with Electroencephalogram
Rachel Horrell

3-Dimensional Motif Modeling for Music Composition
Shigeki Sagayama, Hitomi Kaneko.………………

98…………………….

104

Transferring Information Between Connected Horizontal and Vertical
Interactive Surfaces …………………………………………………………...

116

Hand Occlusion Management Method for Tabletop Work Support Systems
Using a Projector ……………………………………………………………..

123

Risa Otsuki, Kaori Fujinami

Saki Shibayama, Kaori Fujinami

A mobile robot percussionist…………………………………………………

138

Maxence Blond, Andrew Vardy, Andrew Staniland

Learning Tools, Leraning Technologies, Learning Practices
Educational Design of Music and Technology Programs……………………

150

Sounds and Arts in Transversal Learning: Dialogic Spaces for Virtualand Real Encounters in Time ………………………………………………….

167

Susan Lewis

Kaarina Marjanen, Hubert Gruber, Markus Cslovjecsek, and Sabine Chatelain

Contextual Model Centered Higher Education Course and Research
Project in the Cloud ……………………………………………………………

186

László Horváth

How to Teach Problematic Students in Indonesian Vocational High Schools:
Empirical Studies in West Java Province ……………………………………..

198

Education through Music Analysis and Mathematics: Chopinesque Melodic
Structures in Étude Op. 25 No. 2 ………………………………………………

209

A. Sundoro, G. Jian Jun

Nikita Mamedov

Supporting Music Performance in Secondary School Ensembles throughMusic Arrangement ……………………………………………………………

218

Jihong Cai, Nikita Mamedov

Culture and Music
Relation between Swara and Animal/Bird Calls: An Analysis……………….

226

The War of the Beatmakers: How non-drummers redefined the functionof drums in popular music ……………………………………………………..

234

Haritha Bendapudi, Dr. T.K. Saroja

Poster presentation
Tom Pierard

______
Computer Science______

97

Hand Occlusion Management Method
for Tabletop Work Support Systems Using a Projector
Saki Shibayama, Kaori Fujinami
Department of Computer and Information Sciences,
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technologys194501u@st.go.tuat.ac.jp, fujinami@cc.tuat.ac.jp

Abstract. Work support systems using projectors realize greater work accuracy
than systems that use head-mounted displays because such system can directly
add digital information to an existing object. However, projection information
may be hidden by the user's hand (hand occlusion) and content may be difficult
to recognize. Thus, we propose methods to manage hand occlusion that occurs
when tracing a line, with a focus on visual and auditory feedback. The proposed
method was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively in a user study, and theeffectiveness of combining visual and auditory feedback was recognized.
Keywords. Hand occlusion, work support, visual and auditory feedbacks

1

Introduction

Recently, various work support systems have been developed. In the industrial field,
such systems are used for inspection [1], picking [2], and assembly work [3]. In daily
work, such systems are used for cooking [4], calligraphy [5], and playing musical instruments [6]. Work support systems are known to improve the quality of work andreduce workload. Many work support systems employ projectors [7-10] because digital
information can be directly superimposed onto different objects; thus, the work content
can be understood intuitively. In addition, projectors are used because they eliminate
the need to attach equipment to the worker's body. Relative to work efficiency, headmounted display-based support systems are worse than those that use projectors [11].
However, systems that projectors suffer from occlusion that occurs between an object
and the digital information, as well as hand occlusion, which occurs between an operator's hand and the digital information. For occlusion occurring between an object andthe digital information, a method to project information while avoiding objects has been
proposed previously [12, 13]. No hand occlusion management method has been proposed even though hand occlusion is known to affect digital information recognition
and work efficiency [14, 15].
In light of this background, we propose hand occlusion management methods that use
visual and auditory feedback. This paper presents the results of applying the proposed123system to line tracing tasks assuming calligraphy and cake decoration.

2

Related work

Javaed et al. proposed occlusion management methods between a desktop display andobjects placed on the display [16]. In that study, a method to notify that something is
hidden, a method to notify hidden information, and a method to move hidden information were proposed. It was confirmed that another occlusion emerged even with occlusion management unless the tabletop state was not taken into account. In addition,
Cotting et al. proposed as an occlusion management method that avoids objects anddoes not generate occlusion [12]. They proposed a system that employs Gabor filters todetect desk space where digital information can be projected. Although the projection
area is small, this system can be realized at low cost. Riemann et al. proposed a handthat projects information by avoiding objects on a table [13]. In this method, an infrared
camera is used to grasp the object on the table, and the area where information can bepresented is determined by weighting according to the color, brightness, and height ofthe object. The only way to copy and convey hidden information to another user isthrough visual assistance. In addition, when digital information is presented in consideration of a tabletop object, the effect of superimposition, which is a characteristic ofprojection type AR, may be weakened.
Vogel et al. proposed a hand occlusion management method that is used between a handand a tablet device. This method proposes a method to select important information
hidden under the palm of the hand and reproduce and presenting it like a balloon. In
addition, Brandl et al. proposed a method to move hidden information and present it tothe user [17]. They proposed a method to arrange a menu display in consideration of
the user's dominant hand and occlusion. Moore et al. investigated occlusion mitigationby the arrangement method of tablet terminals [18], which investigated holding andtilting the tablet terminals and calculated the angle of tablet terminals that can mitigate
the occurrence of occlusion. However, these studies targeted tablet terminals, and, tothe best of our knowledge, no management method has been proposed that considers
hand occlusion created using projectors.
In this study, we propose the use of visual and auditory feedback in support systems.
To realize hand occlusion management, we propose a management method that duplicates information to other locations rather than a method that avoids occlusion that may
weaken the effect of superimposition.

124

3

Hand occlusion management

Four basic management methods are proposed, as shown in Fig. 1. Two methods focus
on visual feedback, and two methods focus on auditory feedback. The reason we consider both visual and auditory elements is that sight and sound are significant components of human judgment. The methods shown in Fig. 1 is described as follows.
(a) Duplication
In this method, the line the user traces is displayed at a different location (Fig. 1(a)) in
an attempt to complement the hidden line information by the user's hand.
(b) Map
This technique displays the current user's nib position over a line displayed at a different location (Fig. 1(b)) to complement the line information more easily than duplication.
(c) Change point notification
In this method, the position of change points (inflection and end point) is notified using sound (Fig. 1(c)) to easily identify direction changes and the end of work during
tracing.
(d) Near change point notification
In this method, the position of the change point and in front of the change point arenotified using sound (Fig. 1(d)). Here, the goal is to be able to easily pass throughchange points by playing a sound near the change points.

Fig. 1. Proposed management methods.

125

To combine visual and auditory feedback, we also propose (e) duplication and change
point notification, (f) duplication and near change point notification, (g) map andchange point notification, and (h) map and near change point notification.

4

Experimental system

The experimental system requires the following features.
(1) The position of the user’s tool can be detected.
(2) Digital information can be presented using a video projector.
(3) Sound notification is possible.
Figure 2 shows an overview of the developed system based on these three requirements.
The tool position detector (Fig. 2) is realized using Microsoft Leap Motion, which candetect the nib. Detecting the nib is because the work contents are focused on the line
traces. Here an image is created and sound is generated according to the coordinates of
the acquired position. The created image is projected downward. The sound is output
the projector's built-in speaker. In the following, we describe the position coordinate
processing component, the data rendering component, and the audio notification component, which are processes executed on a PC, as shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2. System overview.

Position coordinate processing component
Leap Motion can detect the top of a pen and nib of pen at approximately 80 fps; however, it was difficult to obtain accurate coordinates because the nib contacts the desk
because the task is line tracing. Therefore, the top position of the pen is detected by126

Leap Motion, and the coordinates of the nib are calculated using Equation (1), which
was derived in reference to a study that calculated the position of the brush using Leap
Motion [19].
Pnip = Ptop + aL

(1)

As shown in Fig. 3 (left), Pnib is the coordinates of the nib, Ptop is the coordinates of
the top of the pen, and a is the tilt angle of the pen, which is acquired by the Leap Motion relative to the coordinates of the top of the pen. L is the length of pen, which ismeasured in advance using a ruler. Figure 3 (right) shows the nib position calculatedusing Equation (1). The white point is the detected top of the pen, and the black pointis the calculated nib.

Fig. 3. Left: overview of nib coordinate calculation. Right: black circle and white circle represent nib detection result and the top of pen detection result, respectively.

Data rendering component
As discussed in Section 3, the line to be traced is always displayed at a fixed position
regardless of the management methods, and the current nib position is also shown depending on the management methods. When nib position is acquired, the process ofrewriting from the previous frame's nib position to the newly acquired nib position isrepeated, and the latest detection result is displayed red as the current nib position.
Figure 4 (1), (2), and (3) show the line for trace only as a control group, “duplication”,
and “map” methods, respectively.

127

Fig. 4. (1): Line to trace, (2): duplication, (3): map.

Auditory notification component
As discussed in Section 3, auditory feedback informs the user of line change points.
Therefore, when the position coordinates of the nib become a pre-registered change
point coordinate, a beep with duration of 150 ms and frequency of 800 Hz is output. In
addition, a beep with a frequency of 400 Hz is played continuously around the change
point.

5

User study

Task
We conducted an evaluation experiment with 11 people in their twenties who wereright-handed to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in an actual handocclusion management task. In this evaluation, the traced line had three curvatures, i.e.,
0.913, 5.700, and 14.610. These curvatures categorize 26 alphabetic curves by visual
information only, and the top three groups (curves based on “s,” “u,” and “w”) wereobtained by approximation using an ellipse. Furthermore, the line was rotated 0˚, 45˚,
90˚, 135˚, and 180˚ for a total of 15 curves were obtained (Fig. 5). In this experiment,
the lines projected onto the desk were traced using nine methods, i.e., the eight proposedmanagement methods (Section 3) and a “no management method.” and the nib coordinates and tracing time were recorded. The was evaluated using a nine-point Likert scale(9 for “highest” and 1 for “lowest”). In addition, the influence of hand occlusion was
evaluated using a five-point Likert scale (5 for “I feel strongly” and 1 for “I don't feelat all”). The users were also interviewed in a free interview session.

128

Fig. 5. Curves used for tracing.

Results
The trace error is the average value of the distance from the nib coordinates to the target
line. Figure 6 shows the trace error results. The no management method in Fig. 6 is astate in which hand occlusion management was not performed, i.e., the control group.
For the control group and each management method, the Wilcoxon signed rank test was
performed at a significance level of 5% to investigate whether each management
method contributes to trace error reduction, and those with significant differences aremarked with “*” in Fig. 6. Although depending on curvature and placement, the change
points notification, duplication and change point notification, duplication and nearchange point notification, map and change point notification, map and near change point
notification methods were effective in improving work accuracy. It was confirmed thatcombining visual and audio elements likely contributes to accuracy improvement; however, there was a difference in the influence of hand occlusion because the results differed depending on the curvature and arrangement angle. When the influence of handocclusion was small, the results were the same as those of the no management method,
and when the influence of hand occlusion was large, all the proposed methods was insufficient.

129

Fig. 6. Trace error in various arrangement angles and curvature.

130

Fig. 7. Trace time in various arrangement angles and curvatures.

131

Figure 7 shows the trace time results. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed ata significance level of 5% to investigate whether each management method increased
work time. Each management method with significant differences are marked with “*”in Fig.7. It was confirmed that tracing time was significantly longer only for the duplication and change point notification and duplication and near change point notification
methods when the curvature was 14.610 and the rotation angle was 0˚. There are four
possible reasons for the increased work time. First, visual feedback affected work time;
however, other visual feedback methods have not been shown to increase work time.
Thus, it is unlikely that this was the direct cause. Second, auditory feedback affected
work time. This is also unlikely to be a direct cause because no other auditory feedback
method has been confirmed to increase work time. Third, work time was affected by
combining visual and auditory feedback. Although the map and change point notification and map and near change point notification methods appear to provide more information to users than the duplication and change point notification and duplication andnear change point notification methods, no increase in work time was confirmed.
Fourth, the system’s sound notification timing affected work time. The sound notification was made when the current pen tip position was at the pre-registered coordinates;
however, acquisition of the pen tip position may not have been stable. It is consideredthat the sound notification timing was delayed because the position acquisition was unstable and the user waited for the sound to be generated; thus, work time was extended.
Whether or not the time increase is truly dependent on the system’s notification timing
must be verified. Therefore, we must develop a method to acquire the pen tip positionin highly stable manner.
Figure 8 shows the user evaluation of the management methods. When the control groupand each management method were tested with the Wilcoxon signed rank test with asignificance level of 5% to investigate whether each method contributes to ease of work,it was confirmed that all methods (with the exception of the duplication method) werepreferred significantly. It appears that duplication was not preferred because there was
no information about the nib position. In addition, a comparison between the visualfeedback only method (method (a)) and the combined visual and auditory feedback
methods (i.e., methods (g), and (h)) confirms that the combined methods were evaluatedhighly. Comparing the change point notification (c) and near change point notification(d) methods showed no significant difference.
Relative to the results of the user questionnaire, four users liked the methods that combined visual and auditory feedback, and eight users gave the opinion that the duplication(a) method was meaningless. As well duplication (a) method is also not favored even in
the results of nine-point Likert scale of user evaluation of management method. Relative
to auditory feedback, five users commented that the near change point notification (d)method allowed them to recognize the distance to the change point. However, thismethod was meaningless for four users. It is considered that the above opinion was
obtained because the curvature of the line could not be recognized even when soundwas generated near the change points. We consider think that there was no significant
difference in the 9-point Likert scale in the user evaluation of the management methods132due to the divided opinions about auditory feedback.
Figure 9 shows the effects of hand occlusion summarized for each arrangement angle
and curvature. To investigate the relationship between arrangement angle and hand occlusion, the Friedman test was conducted at a significance level of 5%, and a significant
difference was observed. It was confirmed that the influence of hand occlusion increased as arrangement angle increased. According to the user questionnaire, tracingfrom left to right was difficult for four users, and seven users said that it was difficult
to trace from bottom to top. Thus, as the placement angle increased, the trace workchanged from left to right and from bottom to top (Fig. 10). Therefore, the influence ofhand occlusion is considered to have increased for right-handed users. Note that there
was no difference in the influence of hand occlusion due to the difference in curvature.
In the user questionnaire, the following was found from six users: (1) a curve with asmall curvature has a large area hidden by hand but can be complemented even if it is
not visible; (2) a curve with a large curvature has small area hidden by the hand or isdifficult to memorize and store a gentle curve. Thus, we consider that there was nodifference in the arrangement angle in the influence of hand occlusion due to the differences in lines.

Fig. 8. Results of user evaluation of ease of drawing with each management method.

133

Fig. 9. Results of user evaluation of hand occlusion
Left: the effects of hand occlusion summarized for each arrangement angle. Right: the effects of hand occlusion summarized for each curvature

Fig. 10. Overview of hand movements based on placement angle

134

6

Discussion

In this paper, we have proposed hand occlusion management methods for a desktop
work support system using a video projector. We evaluated the effectiveness of eachmanagement method. Relative to trace error, the effectiveness of the proposed method
was recognized in some lines and arrangement angles. With the exception of the duplication (a) method, the effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed in a user
evaluation. The first reason for the difference in evaluation may be the acquisition of
unstable pen position coordinates by Leap Motion. It is possible that the tracking position was shifted due to the way the users held the pen; thus, correct coordinates could
not be obtained. In fact, two users stated that the current nib position in the map (b)method shifted occasionally. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider how we obtain position coordinates. The second reason can be thought of as a gap caused by visual feedback. Three users stated that it was easier to write because there were visual feedbacks;
however, they sometimes deviated from the line if they continued to see visual feedback. Since the frequency of viewing visual feedback varied depending on the user, in
future, it will be necessary to detect and investigate each user's gaze. In addition, it will
be necessary to further evaluate the proposed method it may be insufficient when theinfluence of hand occlusion is large. Three users felt that the auditory feedback was
effective when the curvature was small and that the sound was meaningless if the curvature was large. This means that the line-tracing task was unclear when only soundnotification was employed. Therefore, a new management method that allows the users
to trace lines using only sound information will be investigated in future.
In order to find the difference in evaluation, we will review the detection method andmanagement method of the pen position coordinates and detected the user's eye line. In
the future, after overcoming the issues, we will not trace the work contents, but willverify the generality of knowledge by adapting to a wide range of work such as assembly work and soldering work.

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