The 6th International Forum on the Decommissioningof the Fukushima Daiichi NPS

Current Status and Future Plans forRadioactive Solid Waste Management

August 29, 2022

Noriyuki Saitou
Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc.
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Waste Management Challenges after The Accident
Immediately after the accident, a large
amount of rubble were generated
around Units 1 to 4 due to the tsunami
and hydrogen explosions.

1In order to install various facilities
needed for decommissioning, it wasnecessary to dismantle existingbuildings, remove trees and prepare
the ground

Various types, and a large amount of solid waste, were generated, such as rubble(metal & concrete), contaminated trimmed trees and soil

Not enough room to accommodate the waste in the existing storage buildings

With the aim of storing generated waste immediately and safely, temporary solid
waste storage had to be conducted outdoors after classification & dispersion
prevention measures had been taken- We plan to reduce the waste volume to the least amount possible and store the remainder
indoors within FY2028, except for metal and concrete.
- Related facilities (incinerators, volume reduction facilities & solid waste storage facilities）
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areunderconstruction

Current status of solid waste storage

2Solid waste (rubble etc.) is separately stored indoors or outdoors temporarily,
depending on the category and dose level
Generalterm for rubble, tree trimmings, used
事故後に発生し汚染された
protective gear, and other items that were
瓦礫類，伐採木，使用済保護衣等の総称
generated and contaminated after the accident“Rubble,瓦礫等
etc.”

TreeRubble
瓦礫類

伐採木
trimmings

Generalterm for materials and equipment,
地震，津波，水素爆発により発生しwhich were contaminated by rubble andた瓦礫、放射性物質によって汚染されradioactive
materials from earthquakes, thetsunami,
and hydrogen explosions, and soil
た資機材や除染を目的に回収する土andother materials collected for the壌などの総称
purpose of decontamination

Used protective gear
使用済保護衣等
and other items

Trees cut down for site preparation
整地等で伐採した木and other uses
Stored by separating into trunks/roots
火災の発生リスクや線量の観点よand branches/leaves in terms of fire
り、幹・根と枝・葉に分けて保管
risk and dosage

幹・根Outdoor
Branches/leaves
屋外集積accumulation 枝・葉Combustibles
and flame-retardant
カバーオール、下着類等の可materials, such as coveralls and燃・難燃物
underwear

Container
容器収納storage

Trunks/roots

Storedby separating the areas and storage
遮へいや飛散防止の観点より、線量区
systems for each dosage category in order
分毎にエリアと保管形態を分けて保管
toblock and prevent dispersion

Temporary
Branches/
一時保管槽
枝・葉
storage tankleaves*1 ※1
Recycle
再利用

Afterthe incineration
焼却処理実施後
process※2*2*1 Concrete rubble with extremely low surface dosage rates※1
表面線量率の極めて低いコンクリート(Approximately the background level of the premises)

Solid waste storage
固体廃棄物貯蔵庫
warehouse*2
Trimmings
immediately after the disaster also include roots※2
震災直後の伐採分は、根も含まれている

瓦礫（敷地のバックグラウンド程度）

屋外集積

Outdoor屋外sheetprotection

0.1mSv/hor less
0.1mSv/h以下

0.1～1mSv/h

Outdooraccumulation

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Outdoor
屋外container
storage
容器収納Covered-type
覆土式一時
temporary
保管施設
storage facility

1～30mSv/h

Solid waste
固体廃棄物storage
貯蔵庫
warehouseMorethan 30mSv/h30mSv/h超

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Examples of Storage Areas for rubble etc.

Outdoor sheet
protection

Outdoor container storage©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

3

Outdoor accumulation(tree trimmings)

Container storage in solid
waste storage warehouse
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4Current amount of waste and future outlook• As of May 2022, 326,000m3 of rubble etc. and 133,000m3 oftrimmed trees are being temporarily stored.
• Most of this is stored outdoors.
• As the decommissioning work makes progress, the waste isexpected to increase.
• The total amount is projected to reach 794,000m3 by March 2033
according to the estimation in FY2021.
Category

As of end ofMay 2022

Projection for end ofMar. 2033

Rubble, etc.
1mSv/h or lessmore than 1mSv/h
Trimmed trees
Total©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

290,000m3

589,000m3

36,0003

55,000m3

133,000m3

150,000m3

459,000m3

794,000m3
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Forecast for recycling & volume reduction of “rubble etc.”

5• By the end of March 2033, 794,000 m3 of waste will be generated.
• Out of 794,000 m3, 192,000m3 is estimated to be metals etc. and these low dosematerials can be reused or recycled.
• A part of the remaining 602,000m3 can be reduced by incineration or cutting.
• After volume reduction, the remaining 267,000m3 will be stored indoors, resulting in theelimination of outdoor temporary storage.
As of March 2033 [Unit for stacked bar chart: 1,000 m3]
Generationvolume□The same level asbackground radiation(Recycling target)
The same level asbackground radiation
Tree trimmings
Background radiation 0.1mSv/h
0.1 - 1mSv/h
1 - 30mSv/h
Larger than 30mSv/hContaminated soil

794,000m3

19281150112

Storage targets for Solid Radioactive
Waste Storage Facilities
After volume
Before volume
reduction
reduction3
602,000m
267,000m3
Recyclingtarget
192,000m3
Volume reduction
target(Non-combustible)

139

Volume reduction
target(Combustible)
290

144
37
1961

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Materials otherthan volume 112
reduction targets
61

Volumereduction
335,000m371
23

Volume reduction
target(Non-combustible)
Volume reduction
target(Combustible)
Materials otherthan volume
reduction target
Contaminated soil

112
61

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Efforts to eliminate the outdoor temporary storage

Current Status
Current volume
about 480,000m3 (As of Mar. 2021）
Rubble (combustible), Felled trees,
Used protective clothing

Estimated
Volumein 10 years
without
reductionmeasures794,000m3

Estimated volume with reduction measures in 10 years
LegendIncineration

A

Miscellaneous solid waste
incinerator facilityPretreatment facility
for incineration

20,000m3

Containerstorage

Temporary felled
Trees storage pool

ShredderContaminated soil (0.005～1mSv/h)

Outdooraccumulation

60,000m3

To be stored and managed in solid waste storage facilities in thesame way as rubble etc.

Containerstorage（Ａ）

60,000m3

Rubble (Metal, Concrete etc.)
1mSv/h~ContainerstorageA

Volume reduction

Melttreatment

溶融設備：To operate in the future

Storage & Management

Solid waste storage
facilities(Volume 260,000m3)-Existing storage facilities
Nos. 1～8-No. 9 （Started operation inFeb.2018）
Additionalstorage facilities
No.10, No.11(to start after FY2022)

70,000m3

to start in FY2022

70,000m3

The projection of waste
generation
indicates the volume will reachthe currently planned capacity ofapprox. 260,000m3. Therefore,
additional construction of storage
facilities is being considered.

Sheet Curing

220,000m3~0.005mSv/hContainer storage(decontaminatedtank parts)

60,000m3
60,000m3

Solid waste
storagewarehouseContainerstorage

60,000m3（Ｂ）

Temporary soil
cover storage facility

0.005～1mSv/h

Outdooraccumulation

267,000m3

Additional facilities to startin FY2021（To start in FY2025）

290,000m3

Outdooraccumulation

6Concrete shredder

Recycling considered

Metal cutter
Electric furnace

Outdooraccumulation

Some may go to B

Storage of secondary waste from water treatment

6,500 vessels

Treatment method to be studied later

Temporary storage facilities forspent adsorption vessels
Large waste storage facilities(To be completed and operatein FY2022)

Temporary storage of spent adsorption vessels

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Storage status of “rubble, etc.” and “water treatment secondary waste”

7

There are a number of outdoor temporary storage areas on the premises
Waste sludge storage facility

Solid waste storage
warehouse buildings 1/2

Cesium adsorption vessel provisional storage facility

Used Cs adsorption vessel temporary storage facility

Area GArea X

Area AA

Area P

Area E

Area Q
Unit 6

Unit 1 Unit 2

Unit 3 Unit 4

Unit 5

Area LArea T

Area W
Miscellaneous solid
waste incinerationequipment

Area CArea D

Area A

Area V

Area F

Area B

Solid waste storage
warehouse buildings 3-8

Area M

Solid waste storage warehouse building 9

Area N

Area J

Area OArea U

Area H
Used Cs adsorption vessel temporary storage facility

Concentrated waste liquid storage tank (completed)

Processi
Rubblestorageng facility
Tree trimming
area
Used
protective
storagearea gear and other items“Rubble, etc.”

storage area

Used Cs adsorption vessel temporary
Waste sludge storage facility/concentrated waste liquidstoragefacilitystorage tank (completed)“Water treatment
secondary waste”©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Illustration of future storage for “rubble, etc.”and “water treatment secondary waste”

8Eliminate the outdoor temporary storage of “rubble, etc.” in FY2028**Excluding recycling/reuse subjects

Solid waste storage
warehouse buildings 1/2
Used Cs adsorption vessel temporary storage facility

Area AA

Unit 1

Area P

Unit 6

Unit 2

Unit 3 Unit 4

Unit 5

Miscellaneous solidwaste incinerationequipment

Area C

Solid waste storagewarehouse buildings 3-8

Large waste storage warehouse

Solid waste storage warehouse building 9

Additional solid waste storage warehouse
Volume reduction
equipment

Pre-incinerator processing equipment
Used Cs adsorption vessel temporary storage facility

Additional miscellaneous solid waste incinerationequipment

Concentrated waste liquid storage tank(completed)

Processing facility
Storage warehouse/storage facility (“rubble, etc.” and “water treatment secondary waste”)

Recycle/reuse subject storage area
Used Cs adsorption vessel temporary storage
Waste
facilitysludge storage facility/concentrated waste liquidstorage tank (completed)“Water treatment
secondary waste”©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Source: JAPAN SPACE IMAGING CORPORATION, DigitalGlobe, Inc.

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Overview of solid waste management-related facilities

9◇Blueprint
Miscellaneous solid
waste incineration
facility

Unit 6Unit 5

Additional solid waste storage
warehouses
Additional miscellaneous
solid waste incineration
facility

Pre-incinerator
processingequipment
Large waste
storagewarehouse

Volume reduction
facility

Additional miscellaneous solid Volume reduction facility
waste incineration facility(To be completed in 2023)(completed in Mar. 2022)©Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Large waste storage warehouse(To be completed in 2023)

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Importance of understanding waste properties

10In terms of waste storage and management, we have measured surface dose rates for areasthat can be easily accessed on-site and conducted preventive actions against dispersion
based on the results.
In the last fiscal year, a radioactive materials leakage event occurred due to the deteriorationof containers. The risk of outdoor leakage will be eliminated by gradually shifting to indoor
storage by FY2028.
Until the shift to indoor storage, containers storing waste with relatively high surface dose rates are
cured with sheets for corrosion control, and periodic visual inspection is performed for containers thathave been in storage for a prolonged period to reduce risk through these multiple measures.

However, even after shifting to indoor storage, waste will still be generated along with thedecommissioning work.
When considering future processing and disposal methods, it is essential to understand thecomposition of nuclides. Moreover, it is desirable to sort waste with a far-sighted approach, tosome extent, from the perspective of waste storage and management.
Although nuclide analyses of solid waste from Fukushima Daiichi have been conducted bymaking maximum use of available analytical resources, they are insufficient for a wide variety
and large volume of solid waste.
As analytical facilities are to be constructed in the future, it is expected that many analyses
will be performed, and based on the results, separation, storage, and management methods
for waste will be developed with future processing/disposal in mind. By applying these inpractice, we will improve waste management in a more forward-looking and appropriatemanner.
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