RAPID GENDERASSESSMENT
ON THE IMPACT
OF COVID-19 ON
VIOLENCE AGAINSTWOMENSURVEY TECHNICAL REPORTAPRIL-SEPTEMBER 2021

CONTENTS
1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................................3
1.1

Project management ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

2 Study design ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1

Target population .......................................................................................................................................................................................9

2.2Country coverage ........................................................................................................................................................................................9

2.3

Data collection method ............................................................................................................................................................................9

2.4

Sampling design ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 10

2.5

Questionnaire ..............................................................................................................................................................................................13

3 Ethical and safety considerations ............................................................................................................................. 21
3.1

Obtaining approval from national institutions............................................................................................................................ 21

3.2

General ethical research guidelines and principles followed................................................................................................. 22

3.3

Special ethical and safety protocols relating to the survey topic and methodology ................................................... 23

4 Fieldwork ............................................................................................................................................................................ 28
4.1

Selection and training of the field teams ...................................................................................................................................... 28

4.2

Survey pilot ...................................................................................................................................................................................................31

4.3

Mainstage fieldwork ................................................................................................................................................................................ 33

4.4

Quality control and data processing ................................................................................................................................................ 36

4.5

Technical information ............................................................................................................................................................................. 37

5 Lessons learned and recommendations ............................................................................................................... 59
5.1

Ethical and safety protocols ................................................................................................................................................................ 59

5.2

Questionnaire content............................................................................................................................................................................ 61

5.3

Data collection mode and sampling ................................................................................................................................................ 66

5.4

Scripting issue with question C30 .................................................................................................................................................... 69

6 Appendices ........................................................................................................................................................................ 72
6.1

Master questionnaire (final phase I version) ................................................................................................................................. 72

6.2

Master questionnaire (final phase II version) .............................................................................................................................. 93

6.3

Overview of issues and observed and implemented solutions after pilot testing in Phase I ................................. 116

6.4

Overview of issues and observed and implemented solution after pilot testing in Phase II ................................. 120

6.5

Training deck.............................................................................................................................................................................................130

6.6Manual ........................................................................................................................................................................................................130

6.7Country sampling plans .......................................................................................................................................................................130

6.8

Dropout rates per question (Phase I) .............................................................................................................................................. 134

6.9

Dropout rates per question (Phase II) ............................................................................................................................................. 138

6.10

Hotlines Phase II ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 143

6.11

Refield questionnaire............................................................................................................................................................................ 149

2

1 Introduction
There are reasons to believe that COVID-19 has intensified the risk of different forms of violence against
women (VAW) and girls, particularly intimate partner/domestic violence, although the specific impact has
yet to be assessed. Reports from service-use data in different countries suggest an increase in reported casesof domestic violence to helplines, women’s shelters and the police, linked to COVID-19. Other countries,
however, have observed a decrease in the number of domestic violence incidents reported, as limited privacy
when confined in the home with an abusive partner and lack of access to mobile phones or Internet in somecountries can make it difficult for survivors to reach out for help. It is important to highlight that available
evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic reflects violent events reported to services and thus does not reflect
the prevalence of intimate partner violence/domestic violence. Survey data show that the great majority ofwomen survivors of violence never report to police, helplines or other service-providers.
Having reliable data that are collected in line with methodological, safety and ethical standards, without
putting women at greater distress and risk of violence, is critical to informing where policies andprogrammes can respond to the UN’s system-wide efforts to scale up actions to address VAW in the context
of COVID-19. Within this context, UN Women commissioned Ipsos to conduct a study on the impact of
COVID-19 on women’s well-being and safety in 13 countries across regions.
The core objectives of the study were to:• collect data on the impacts of COVID-19 on VAW in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC)• strengthen measurement and methodologies for VAW data collection and use, including by:-testing recommendations on data collection during COVID-19 to inform principles and guidelines
on remote data collection during the pandemic, other future crises or in emergency
humanitarian situations when the escalation of VAW may be suspected.

-

testing direct and indirect measurements of VAW, including techniques such as list
randomization and vignettes.

• strengthen available knowledge on all forms of VAW and improve capacities to collect, analyse and use
data on VAW in accordance with globally agreed methodological, safety and ethical standards• inform where the policy and programmatic response of UN Women should focus and support UN
system-wide efforts to scale up actions to address VAW in the context of COVID-19.

3

This report covers the technical aspects of the preparation and implementation of the survey in the 13
countries surveyed across the two phases of the study: Albania, Bangladesh, Cameroon, Colombia, Côte
d’Ivoire, Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco, Nigeria, Paraguay, Thailand and Ukraine. Table 1.1 provides adetailed overview of which countries were included in each phase. The overall selection of the countries forthe study was guided by the goal of ensuring the representation of different regions of the world. Anotherimportant consideration was to avoid countries with long holiday periods during fieldwork (e.g., Ramadan,
which lasted from mid-April until mid-May 2021) that might have made it more difficult to reach prospective
respondents and achieve interviews. For this reason, no Muslim countries were selected for Phase I of thestudy.
The first chapters of this report provide a detailed overview of the various elements of survey preparationand implementation, namely: project management (section 1.1), study design (Chapter 2), questionnairedevelopment (section 2.5), ethical and safety considerations (Chapter 3), fieldwork and general fieldobservations (Chapter 4). Chapter 5 describes the general lessons learned and recommendations. Countryspecific details are to be found in the country sections (under Chapter 6).

1.1 Project management

1.1.1 The UN Women project team
The UN Women technical team comprised statisticians, researchers and policy specialists in both ‘Research& Data’ and ‘Ending Violence against Women’ Sections. The followings tasks were undertaken by the projectteam:• Provide technical advice and expertise at all stages of the project, with specific considerations for safety
and ethical measures and safeguards to be implemented and closely monitored for constant evaluationof potential risks and development of mitigating responses to avoid ever putting respondents andinterviewers in danger• Develop the reference questionnaire; review and provide clearance in finalizing the reference
questionnaire• Monitor the fieldwork• Provide a tabulation plan for the compilation of national and regional reports• Provide oversight, technical guidance and final approval for all deliverables, particularly the finalquestionnaire, interviewers’ manual and training, reports, country data sets, estimation methodology
and documentation of findings during data collection.

UN Women Regional Advisers on gender statistics and violence against women were also tapped to provide
general and technical support to the project, particularly to liaise with countries to obtain national ethicalclearance from national statistical offices and/or ministries of women and other women’s machineries, andto provide VAW helpline numbers, at district level when available, to be presented to respondents at theend of the survey.

41.1.2 The Technical Advisory Group (TAG)
An external expert reference group was established by UN Women to provide independent technical advice
and expertise at all stages of the project. UN Women served as the Secretariat providing strategic oversightof the project and coordination of the TAG, and Ipsos participated as the technical lead for this project.
Members of the group included academic experts and UN agencies working on violence against women andgirls data collection: Anita Raj (UC San Diego’s Center on Gender Equity and Health, in the Department ofMedicine; Aprajita Mukherjee (Breakthrough), Claudia Garcia-Moreno (World Health Organization), Diva
Dhar (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation), Henriette Jansen (United Nations Population Fund), Jay Silverman(UC San Diego’s Center on Gender Equity and Health, in the Department of Medicine), Kristin Diemer (Facultyof Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne), LynnMarie Sardinha (University ofBristol / World Health Organization), Michele R. Decker (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health),
Naeemah Abrahams (Gender & Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council), Omar Seidu(Ghana Statistical Service), Sohini Bhattacharya (Breakthrough) and Yvette Efevbera (Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation).
Other organizations that are collecting remote data on VAW and related topics were also consulted, such as
the World Bank and Centres for Disease Control and Prevention.

1.1.3 The Ipsos project team
Ipsos appointed an experienced Central Coordination Team (CCT) for the set-up and delivery of the study
from within Ipsos’ global offices. The CCT served as the main point of contact for UN Women. Concrete tasks
covered the following:
As part of the preparation phase:•

Development of the reference questionnaire•

Program the reference questionnaire•

Manual and automatic verification of the questionnaire in English•

Translation training•

Organization of translation of the questions in at least one of the major languages of the country(depending on the country and language)•

Overlay of questionnaire in national languages•

Train-the-trainer sessions for the local country coordinators•

Preparation of a sampling plan per country5As part of fieldwork execution:•

Daily monitoring of data collection•

Quality control of the data and presenting weekly field reports to UN Women

As part of analysis and reporting:•

Process and analyse the data following UN Women tabulation plan and indicator calculation•

Produce technical report•

Produce national reports

As part of communication throughout the study:•

Report to the UN Women team on translation, sampling, fieldwork implementations anddevelopment of analysis•

Organize weekly updates on implementation progress•

Immediately communicate to UN Women any substantial problems that arise during the study

The team was led by two senior Ipsos Research Directors with extensive experience in surveys on sensitive
gender-related topics and large multi-country research projects. Additionally, the project leads were able tobenefit from Ipsos’ wider experience of conducting research on VAW, including for projects such as:• Survey on the Well-being and Security of Women in South-East Europe, Eastern Europe, and the South
Caucasus for the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) (2017–2019): OSCE
commissioned Ipsos to conduct a quantitative and qualitative study on violence against women in
Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Kosovo, Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia and Ukraine.
• Regional Research on the Status of Syrian Refugee Women in Countries Affected by the Syria Crisis for
UN Women (2017–2018): UN Women commissioned Ipsos to assess female Syrian refugees’ exposureand access to humanitarian services, as well as their perceptions of aid and experiences during the
Syrian refugee crisis. This study focused on the Syrian refugee populations in Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq.
• Violence against Women and Girls Survey (Economic and Social Cost) for the Department forInternational Development (DFID) (2014–2017): Ipsos was the quantitative research partner for thisproject, within a consortium led by the National University of Ireland Galway. The study took amultidisciplinary, mixed-methods approach that integrated quantitative and qualitative research with
innovative economic analysis to derive the social and economic costs of VAWG in Ghana, Pakistan andSouth Sudan.

6

1.1.4 National partners
The national fieldwork partners were fundamental in collecting robust, comparable data in all the surveyedcountries. The partner agencies comprised both local Ipsos offices, as well as third-party agencies from Ipsos’wider network.
For each national partner, a dedicated Country Coordinator was appointed. The local Country Coordinators
were involved in translation and localization of the fieldwork instruments, the field workforce training,
country coordination and fieldwork monitoring, ensuring adherence to the field protocol, and data andinterviewer performance quality control.
The local Country Coordinators were responsible for:•Translation of the reference questionnaire•

Manual verification of the programme questionnaire in national languages•

Training for interviewers•

Data collection and supervision7

2 STUDY DESIGN
The table below provides an outline of the methodology for this study:
Table 2.1 Methodology overview
Rapid Gender Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 on VAW using Computer-Assisted Telephone
Interviews (CATI)

The main objective of this research was to collect information (using CATI) and tocompile reports about the impacts of COVID-19 on VAW in LMICs

Objective

Cameroon

ThailandKenya

UkrainePhase I

Albania
Kyrgyzstan

Countries

Bangladesh
Phase II

MoroccoColombia
Nigeria
Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
Paraguay
JordanTarget group

Dynamic

Data collection method

Sampling approach

Sample Size

Women aged 18+•

One round with a total of 13 countries•

Two-phased approach: a smaller selection of countries was fielded in phase I.
Based on the fieldwork observations, the questionnaire will be optimized for thesecond-phase fieldwork in the remaining countries.

Computer-assisted telephone interviews•

Random probability sampling with monitoring of quotas on age and region•

Random-digit dialling (RDD) mobile sample frames•

1,200 women aged 18+

8

Questionnaire lengthand type•

Target duration of max. 20 minutes•

No open-ended answers•

Informed consent asked to each participant at the beginning of the interview•

Awareness of safety, privacy and confidentiality of women respondents•

Guided by the “do no harm” principle (to women respondents and theinterviewers/research team)•

Questionnaire was adapted in each country setting for characters’ names andcultural references (i.e., popular food, music, sports).

ScriptingCentral scripting in software applications - iField and Dimensions

Language

At least one main language per country

2.1

Target population

The survey aimed to collect data from a nationally representative sample of women aged 18 years and over.

2.2 Country coverage
The survey covered 13 countries in total. Four were fielded in a first phase: May to June 2021.The remaining
countries were fielded in a second phase: August to September 2021.
The countries were rigorously selected, with consideration for the inclusion of countries implementing the
Women Count programme, countries under the EU-UN Spotlight Initiative, countries responding to the UN
Secretary-General’s call to make the prevention and redress of violence against women a key part of national
response plans for COVID-19,1 and others to ensure regional diversity. Only countries where governmental
clearance and their general support could be obtained were considered.

2.3 Data collection method
The mode of data collection was computer-assisted telephone interviewing.
Considering COVID-19 pandemic-related measures requiring physical distancing and home confinement,
CATI was exceptionally selected as an alternative to face-to-face interviewing as the method of delivery forthis survey. Since the data were collected remotely, and the survey involved interviewing women on theirwell-being and their safety, it was of utmost importance that globally agreed ethical and safety principles
for data collection on VAW were strictly applied. Specifically, the design drew upon:

1 https://www.un.org/en/un-coronavirus-communications-team/make-prevention-and-redress-violence-against-women-key-part9

• “Guidelines for Producing Statistics on Violence Against Women” published by the UN Statistical
Division in 2014.2• Putting Women First: Ethical and Safety Recommendations for Research on Domestic Violence Against
Women produced by WHO in 2001,3 and “Lessons learned on ethical and safety recommendations forintervention research on violence against women”4 later published in 2012.
• Researching Violence Against Women. A Practical Guide for Researchers and Activists,5 published by
WHO and PATH in 2005.

In addition, to filling the research gap and collecting empirical evidence on the safety of respondents andinterviewers when conducting VAW-related phone-based surveys, the research was implemented incompliance with guiding principles and safety considerations outlined in UN Women and WHO guidelines
on VAW data collection during COVID-19.6 This sought to feed into the recommendations with the objective,
governed by the paramount safety of respondents and enumerators above any other consideration, to
produce empirical evidence on remote data collection on VAW to inform the evidence-based update of
methodologies to emerging challenges and new technologies7 (see Chapter 3 for further details on how
these principles were adhered to in this study).
CATI is technically attractive, from a sample design perspective, as it can deliver an unclustered sample,
giving greater precision (narrower confidence intervals) in comparison with a clustered face-to-face sampleof equivalent size. One of the main technical limitations of the approach can be phone coverage. Given theincreasing use of mobile phones, coverage has become satisfactory in the countries involved in the study,
although not equally among all groups.

2.4 Sampling design
The survey represents women aged 18 years and over with a target of 1,200 interviews per country. The
samples had to be nationally representative, covering all geographic areas and age groups.

2.4.1 Sample frame
To achieve samples that were nationally representative of each country, mobile phone sampling frames wereused. Sample coverage is a critical issue for international surveys, as coverage bias varies widely from country
to country and this could lead to differences across them, which are artefacts of the methodology rather thanvalid differences. Coverage errors arise when not all members of the defined survey population have a chance
2 https://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/docs/Guidelines_Statistics_VAW.pdf
3 https://www.who.int/gender/violence/womenfirtseng.pdf
4 https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/violence/intervention-research-vaw/en/
5 https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/violence/9241546476/en/
6https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2020/04/issue-brief-violence-against-women-and-girls-data-collection-during-covid19#view
7https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2020/04/issue-brief-violence-against-women-and-girls-data-collection-during-covid19#view

10to be included in the sample. Typically, this occurs when samples are selected from incomplete samplingframes.
Mobile telephone coverage has increased rapidly over recent years and in most of the target countries, isabove 70%. That said, coverage varies by sex, age and region, which means certain subgroups may be under(or over) represented in survey samples. To mitigate against this, quotas were set on age groups (18–29, 30–
39, 40–49, 50–59 and 60+) and region to be representative of the female population aged 18+. Other
indicators of representativity, such as area type (urban or rural) and educational attainment, were also
monitored during fieldwork (see section 4.3.2 for more detail on quotas).
No landline sample was added to increase frame coverage as landline phones are typically a household device
shared by the household members and placed centrally in the home, which would have made it more difficult
for women respondents to take the phone to a private place where they would not be overheard (if, indeed,
it was even possible to move the telephone).
An external sample provider, Sample Solutions, was responsible for generating the samples in all 13 countries,
using random-digit dialling (RDD). This approach has the benefit of providing full coverage of individuals
who possess or have access to a mobile phone.8 This would not be the case if consumer/directory-based
sampling frames had been used, which are more efficient for fieldwork, given that phone numbers are often
accompanied by regional information but leave unlisted phone numbers out of the survey.
National telecommunication agencies have lists (numbering plans) of prefixes and extensions that are in use
by consumers. These lists were used to randomly generate mobile numbers. Operators that provide only
commercial numbers were excluded. In order to get samples with eligible and working numbers, therandomly drawn gross sample per country went through two phases of cleaning:
1.

The sample was pulsed, meaning that a signal was sent to the randomly generated phone numbers
to verify if the numbers existed (i.e., if they connected). The upfront pulsing of the gross sample
closely reflected the market shares of the different operators (in terms of subscriptions).

2. The sample was screened against business registers so as to exclude numbers that are used bycompanies.
RDD samples do not contain additional information on mobile phone-owners, so it was not known inadvance whether the contacted respondents were women and/or at least 18 years old. Therefore, therespondents called were screened for eligibility, in terms of age and gender, at the start of the interview.
Because it is not possible to identify pre-codes by region with RDD mobile sampling, the numbers in the grosssample were called based on simple random sampling. However, by previous experience, randomly
generated phone numbers were expected to enable good regional representativeness.9

8 The survey asks whether women own the phone they are called on, although they can still participate if they do not own it or any other phone. They

can participate if they have access to a phone.
9 An ongoing study for MTN Group in 15 African countries, in which Ipsos uses random sampling of active mobile numbers based on RDD, and where
the regional sample proportions/spreads are based on natural fallout from the random sampling and are not quota-controlled, shows that RDD works
well for a nationally representative, random probability sample of mobile users and is representative of regional mobile penetration across the11Based on previous experience of conducting CATI studies using RDD sampling frames around the globe, anaverage over-sampling of 1:20 was foreseen. In other words, for each interview, it was estimated that 20
numbers from the cleaned sample would be needed. In some countries, given the sensitive nature of thesurvey subject, the expected ratio was 1:15 to 1:20 records per completed survey. In the event the ratio washigher still, as was the case in Thailand and Ukraine, an additional sample was provided in the course of
fieldwork.
Detailed sampling plans per country are included in Appendix 6.7 of this report.

2.4.2 Sample typeThis survey used random probability sampling through simple random calling on an RDD-generated mobile
sample, with monitoring of quotas on age and region to ensure representativeness on these two variables.
Quota monitoring avoids the likelihood of differences in sampling frame structures or response ratevariances to the population and ensures sample representativeness of key demographic characteristics suchas age or location.
Statistical population data for each country was used to set quota targets for fieldwork. This was
implemented during the field follow up. However, it should be noted that for several countries there was alack of recent population data available. The sources of population data used are included in the country
sampling plans.
For the age quotas, a margin of +/- 5% difference compared to the relevant population data was allowed andplanned for, while for region a +/- 10% difference was allowed. This can both be corrected for with highefficiency weighting procedures. In practice, these quotas were relaxed further in some countries due tochallenges with reaching the quota requirements (see section 4.3.2). The differences between the profile of
the achieved country samples and the population data were corrected for with appropriate weighting
procedures (described in section 4.4.2).

2.4.3 Response rate
To enhance response rates, the local fieldwork teams had to follow strict fieldwork protocols: making
multiple attempts (up to three) to reach the selected respondents, making attempts across different timesof the day and days of the week, and making sure that all of the dialled sample was fully working. As an
added measure during Phase II fieldwork, a session was organized with field managers from the different
countries in order to share best practices and lessons learned for encouraging participation and maximizing
the response rates in the survey.

country. This has been explored and commented on in: An Appropriate Sampling Methodology for National Representation of Mobile Users Random

Digit Dialling as a Proxy for Mobile Penetration, An Ipsos Point of View – October 2018.

12

2.5 Questionnaire

2.5.1 Development of the questionnaire
At the start of the project, Ipsos compiled and adapted tested question modules10 to develop a reference
questionnaire for global comparison across countries and regions. Ipsos worked closely with the UN Women
project team, the Technical Advisory Group and the Regional Advisers to ensure that the questionnaire met
all requirements. The reference questionnaire was designed with no open-ended questions and consisted ofmultiple choice and scale-type answers. Any relevant edits for country-specific administration – such as alocal list of regions and districts, local income levels, a local definition of what a household is, a local popular
dish and local popular names for a man and a woman, etc. – were implemented to ensure cultural
appropriateness while maintaining global validity.

The questionnaire consisted of the following sections:
Table 2.2 Questionnaire structure
Section

Survey language•

Question on the language of the respondent

Screener and informed consent•

Screening questions (gender and age)•

Introduction to the survey (includes reference to the privacy notice)•

Safety protocol (speakerphone is off)•

Safety protocol (respondent was in a private place and could not be
overheard)•

Safety protocol (recording device is switched off on respondent’s mobile
phone) (Bangladesh only)•

Introduction of a specific phrase (codeword) that the respondent could
use to stop the interview (= a local popular food)•

Questions to check respondents’ understanding of the survey and of theirdata protection rights and to obtain informed consent•

Location questions (region, district, urban/rural)•

Marital status•

Highest level of education completed•

Economic activity / Income-generating activity

Demographics

10

CoverageThis included a previous UN Women/Ipsos Gender Rapid Assessment Survey conducted in Ethiopia in late 2020; Performance Monitoring for

Action’s November 2020 Survey on Gender and COVID-19 Safety and Violence; surveys on violence against women conducted by the World Bank’s
East Asia & Pacific Gender Innovation Lab; the European Agency for Fundamental Right’s 2014 VAW survey, and the FAO’s Food Insecurity Experience
Scale survey module.

13Section

Coverage•Household size and composition by age•

Food-related behaviour and experience (food security)•

Financial status of the household (phase I only)•

Comparison of respondent’s income to their partner’s income (phase II
only)

•

Impact of COVID-19 on household’s income

Health•Mental health of the respondent and impact of COVID-19

Safety•Introduction of the topic ‘safety’ and the various forms of violence•

Feeling of safety in public spaces during day/night, and impact of
COVID-19•

Perception of VAW in one’s area of residence before and since COVID-19•

Vignettes on sexual harassment in public spaces and on intimate-partner
violence•

Household conflicts and impact of COVID-19•

Feeling of safety within one’s household, reasons and impact of COVID-19•

Mobility and social interactions, and impact of COVID-19•(In Colombia only) direct questions on personal experience of VAW and
the impact of COVID-19•

List randomization questions to capture measures of physical intimate
partner violence (IPV)•

VAW-related questions and the impact of COVID-19 – including the factthat respondents could answer the questions based upon their own
experiences and that of the people in the area where they lived•

Availability of support services in one’s community•

Question on the number of other mobile phones the respondent hasaccess to (for weighting purposes)•

Open box for interviewers to note down any other thoughts/comments
given by respondents when ending the interview•

Helpline information•

Thank the respondent

End of interview

14

Safety questions (safety protocol) were included at the start of the questionnaire and at several points
throughout to check whether the respondent was in a safe position to participate (i.e., in a private space, notlikely to be overheard, not on speakerphone, not in the presence of children over the age of 2 who might beable to overhear and understand the discussion, and not using a recording application – the latter question
was included in Bangladesh only). If the respondent could not confirm this, the interview was stopped by theinterviewer. An overview of the list of safety protocol questions is included in the table below and a complete
examination of the safety protocols is provided in section 3.3.
Table 2.3 Safety protocol questions

Safety and ethical protocol

Number of times
used (Phase I)

Phase I Questionnaire

Number of times
used (Phase II)

Phase II
Questionnaire

Being Alone, in private

3

S5, C18, C27

2

S5, C18

Popular local food5

S6, B01, C02, C19, C30

2

S6, C02

No of children over age 2
present

3

B01, C18, C27

2

B01, C18

Speaker phone/recording
device turned off

1

S2

1

S2, S2a

As part of the safety protocols, a codeword, which was the name of a popular local food in the country
concerned, was provided to respondents at the beginning of the survey. By using the codeword, therespondent could signal to the interviewer that the interview needed to be broken off. In such cases, theinterviewer ended by asking a question about the top three priorities for the respondent and her household
during COVID-19. This was designed to serve as a neutral question that is unrelated to the survey topic toavoid raising suspicion among a possible overhearer. When possible, interviewers were also tasked withattempting to reschedule to resume the interview at another moment.
The questionnaire was designed and edited with a view to keeping the interview length at around 20
minutes – the maximum length recommended for telephone surveys. In practice, however, and despite
efforts to produce a shortened questionnaire for Phase II, the average duration was longer in most countries(see section 4.5.1).

2.5.2 Adaptation of the questionnaire based on pilot and phase I learnings
In both Phase I and Phase II of the study the questionnaire was tested in a pilot that took place in all target
countries. Based on the pilot outcomes, further optimizations to the questionnaire were made. In Phase I
these included, for example, shortening some of the introductions and explanations to reduce the averageinterview length (as the length in the pilot was close to 30 minutes); and moving the question on gender tothe very start of the interview to avoid losing time when a man answered the phone. Prior to Phase II, the15

questionnaire was further revised to reflect the lessons learned during Phase I and the observations of thePhase II pilot. Among the main modifications were:• Changing the order of several of the questions in the screener and the demographics sections to ensure
an efficient screening process and create a better overall flow to the questionnaire. In the screener
section, the questions on region and district (S8 and S9) alongside the question on urban or rural
residency (S11), were moved to follow immediately after it was established that a respondent qualified
for the survey. As far as the demographics section was concerned, the questions about the age of thepeople in the household (A07 and A08) were moved closer to the beginning of the section and
immediately before the question on the number of people in the household (A06).
• Reducing the length of parts of the content of the introduction and screening section in order toshorten the overall length of the survey.
• Reducing the number of mentions of the safety measures throughout the questionnaire in order tominimize frustration on the part of respondents and increase their sense of comfort and security –three mentions of the popular local food protocol, one mention of the privacy protocol, and one
mention of the children over the age of 2 protocol were removed from the questionnaire.
• A categorical age question (S4_1) was added in the demographics section of the questionnaire in orderto capture the answers of respondents who did not want to provide their exact age to the interviewers,
or did not know their exact age.
• Definitions of urban and rural areas were added to the question on the type of area in which
respondents lived (S11), in order to aid their understanding of the answer options and thus help ensure
they answered accurately.
• For Bangladesh only, a special safety question (S2a) was introduced to tackle the fact that many
respondents in the country have their mobile phone conversations automatically recorded by apps
installed on their phones.

• An additional answer option was provided for the marital status question (A01) to distinguish between
married partners who lived together and those who resided separately. The answer option “living withpartner/cohabitating” was excluded for Jordan, Morocco and Bangladesh due to the sensitivity of thisquestion with regards to laws and social norms in these countries.
• The answer options to the question on the general thoughts and feelings of respondents meant toassess their mental well-being since the onset of the pandemic (B02) were revised in order to provide a
better scale for measuring the frequency of respondents’ experiences. Additionally, one of thestatements in the question (“confident about your ability to handle your personal problems”) wasremoved as it was too abstract and difficult to conceptualize.
• The wording of the introduction to the vignettes and the associated questions was adapted, as during
Phase I some of the respondents understood the scenarios too literally. Ipsos recommended rephrasing
the preamble to make it clear that the interviewer was asking about this type of situation in generalrather than the exact situation described.

16

• At C23, the question asking for reasons why respondents may not be feeling safe in their homes, answer
option 9 was adapted in order to specifically refer to women’s experiences and not to the experiences of
all adults in the household.
• The wording of C25, asking about respondents’ social interactions, was changed in order to specificallymeasure the impact of COVID-19 on respondents’ social interactions. The answer options to thequestion were also revised in order to provide a clearer measure of causality. Specifically, instead of afrequency scale, the answer options were extended to include explicit references to whether COVID-19
was or was not the cause for any change in respondents’ experiences.
• A set of questions (C26, C26.1, C26.2) probing on direct experiences of physical IPV were added to thequestionnaire for Colombia. These questions are discussed in more detail in section 5.2 of this report.
• At questions C27 to C29 (list randomization questions), sub-questions were added for the interviewers(C28.1, C28.2, C29.1, and C29.2) to record their assessment of respondents’ comprehension of thequestions. Additionally, an instruction was added asking respondents to use their fingers to countstatements they regarded as true, to reduce the risk of their repeating any of the statements (or parts
thereof) out loud and thus risking being overheard.
• The question wording and the answer options to C30 were revised in order to include specific reference
to whether experiences of VAW probed in the question took place before COVID-19, since COVID-19, orboth before and since COVID-19.
• The text of question C31, asking about support services available to women, was changed from asking
respondents what were the most important services that should be offered (Phase I) to asking whether
these services were available in their area (Phase II). In addition to this revision, the answer option“medical and financial support” was divided into two separate ones so that respondents could choose
one or the other, or both.
• Additionally, a number of questions were removed (A09, A10.1, C09 and C27) to make the questionnaire
shorter and in some cases because the questions were found to deliver data of limited analytical value.
The full English reference questionnaires used in Phase I and Phase II fieldwork are included as Appendix 6.1
and Appendix 6.2 respectively. Further, detailed descriptions of the changes made to the questionnaire after
the pilot stages in Phase I and Phase II are provided in Appendix 6.3 and Appendix 6.4, respectively.

2.5.3 Translations
Following the sign-off of the master questionnaire in English, translation began into the survey language(s)used in each country. The languages in which the survey was translated for each country were determined
after consultation with the field teams on their previous experience of surveying the target population in
their respective countries, and in discussion the UN Women team.
The translation was performed by native target language translators who were fluent in English andexperienced in survey research. Via a translator training, which took place on 29 March 2021 (Phase I) and 28
June 2021 (Phase II), via videoconference, the CCT provided the translators with detailed information about
the background of the study, the questionnaire content and the translation procedure. Being based in each17

of the countries, the translators were aware of the social and cultural norms of the respondent group they
were translating for. Translations were reviewed by the local teams.

The survey languages of the four countries in Phase I and the nine countries in Phase II were the following:
Table 2.4 Survey languages by country
Country

Languages

Cameroon

French, Fulfulde, Pidgin

Kenya

Swahili

ThailandThai

UkraineUkrainian, Russian

Albania

Albanian

Bangladesh

BengaliColombia

SpanishCôte d’Ivoire

French, Dioula, Senufo, Baoule

JordanArabicKyrgyzstan

Kyrgyz, Russian

MoroccoArabicNigeria

English, Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa

Paraguay

SpanishPhase I

Phase IIFor countries where the survey was offered in more than one language, the table below shows the share of
respondents who took the survey in each language.

18

Table 2.5 Language selection per country for countries where the survey was administered in more than one language
Country

Cameroon
Phase I

Languages

Share of respondents (%)

French96%

Pidgin4%

Fulfulde

0%

Ukrainian

64%

Russian

36%

Kyrgyz86%

Russian14%

French95%

Dioula4%

Baoule1%

Senufo0%English

96%

Hausa

4%

Igbo

0%

Yoruba0%

Ukraine

Kyrgyzstan

Côte d’Ivoire
Phase II

Nigeria

Following the completion of programming in English, the English script was exported into an Excel file (oneper language) and the translations were added in these Excel files. The translations were then directly
integrated into the script (overlay procedure), without any copy-pasting from a Word version into theprogramming software. This process reduced the risk of errors and the time needed to verify the scripted
translations.
During the translation phase, particular attention was paid to conceptual equivalence and no issues in thisregard were observed during fieldwork.

19

2.5.4 Programming
For the central programming of the questionnaire, two systems were used: Dimensions and Ipsos’
proprietary iField platform (the system varied by country based on the technical infrastructure in the
countries). The built-in logic of these platforms ensures the correct path through skip-patterns and does notallow interviewers to enter invalid responses to closed-ended questions. The platforms also offeredintegrated and centralized data collection, as well as programming and field management system
functionality across all countries included in the study. In the setup of the fieldwork for the iField countries
several technical issues were encountered, which are discussed in detail in sections 4.2.1 and 5.3.1.
While two systems were deployed for scripting, the master script was uniform. It was scripted in Dimensions
first and, once this version was tested and approved, the script was deployed on iField. This way, the data
map was identical for both systems. Both systems have built-in sample management and contact-outcome
registration, which ensures that interviewers cannot freely choose which number to call next and contact
outcomes are automatically recorded.
All scripting and script testing was done by the CCT. The script was extensively tested, including manual
checks of links and syntaxes and automatic checks using dummy data. The latter included running 10,000
cases through the survey to test the built-in logic and skip patterns.
The programmed questionnaire was downloaded to the iField devices prior to the start of fieldwork andmade accessible via unique links for the fieldwork teams using Dimensions.

20

3 ETHICAL AND SAFETYCONSIDERATIONS
3.1

Obtaining approval from national institutions

Before the start of the fieldwork, UN Women sought general support or tacit approval for the study from the
National Statistical Offices (NSOs) and/or women’s machineries in the target countries. A set of
informational documentation was distributed to these national partners via UN Women Regional Advisers
and Country Offices. The documentation covered the study background and design, and Ipsos’ role ascontractor. Outputs from the previous Ipsos/UN Women study in Ethiopia were also included to provide amore concrete point of reference.
At a minimum, the aim was to obtain ‘no objection’ from the NSOs and/or the relevant national institution
in charge of national surveys, such as women’s machineries. For both phases of the study, no objection letterswere obtained from:• Cameroon Bureau of the Census and Population Studies• Kenya National Bureau of Statistics• National Statistical Office of Thailand• the Government Commissioner for Gender Policy in Ukraine.11• the Ministry of Social Protection in Albania• the Bureau of Statistics in Bangladesh• the National Administrative Department of Statistics and the Presidential Advisory Office for Women’s
Equity in Colombia• the National Institute of Statistics in Côte d’Ivoire• the Jordanian National Commission for Women• the Ministry of Health in Kyrgyzstan• the High Commission for Planning in Morocco
11 In Ukraine, sociological/research surveys that will not be part of official statistics do not require the prior approval of the NSO.

21• the National Bureau of Statistics in Nigeria• the National Institute of Statistics in Paraguay

3.2 General ethical research guidelines and principles followed
In executing the study, Ipsos followed the generally accepted European Society for Opinion and Marketing
Research (ESOMAR) rules for ethical research, which cover:• Informed consent: Prior to commencing a full interview, and after the respondent chose their preferredlanguage for the survey from among those offered, interviewers provided the respondent with thefollowing information, before then formally asking for their consent to participate:•

their name•the fact that the interview was being conducted on behalf of UN Women and by Ipsos•

the purpose of the study (women’s well-being)•

the approximate length of time the interview would take•the fact that participation was entirely voluntary, and that the respondent could refuse to answer
any individual question or terminate the interview at any point.
-

In cases where a respondent did not wish to continue with the questions or did not understandthat their consent was being sought, the interviewer thanked them for their time to that point
and terminated the interview.

• Confidentiality: Prospective respondents were informed that their answers would be kept confidential.
A range of protocols were put in place to ensure confidentiality:•

no names were recorded in the survey database•

telephone number databases did not include any identifiable information that would linkparticipants to their interviews•

the survey data set was anonymized and did not contain any identifier variables•

the data were presented in aggregated form only, preventing the identification of individual
respondents• all databases of used telephone numbers would be deleted one month after the completion offieldwork-

All prospective respondents were given the option of reading about the aforementioned
measures in a study privacy notice before agreeing to participate. The Internet link to the privacy
notice was part of the script and read out to every participant. The privacy notice also
included the contact information for one of the Ipsos project directors, which respondents could
use in the event that they wished to verify which personal data was being stored, have it

22

modified, corrected or deleted, or if they had questions regarding the information processed in
the context of the survey, or on their rights.
• Provision of contact information: Prospective respondents were also given contact information for the
local country coordinator, so that any questions or concerns they had about the survey (for example, interms of the legitimacy of the exercise), could be addressed immediately.

3.3 Special ethical and safety protocols relating to the survey topic andmethodology
A number of ethical and safety measures were designed and implemented to ensure that no harm, risk or
distress was imposed on respondents and interviewers as a result of the survey topic and methodology.
These measures, which reflected globally agreed standards and recommendations, and internationally
relevant best practice for researching violence against women,12 had to be adapted to the contextual
constraints imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns and social distancing measures.
Cognizant of limitations of the CATI methodology for collecting data on VAW, as set out by the UN WomenWHO guidance note on VAW data collection during COVID-19, Ipsos and UN Women designed specific andtailored ethical and safety protocols meant to address all anticipated risk posed by the use of telephones andof innovative survey questions.
The ethics and safety measures, covered all of the main steps in the fieldwork process, including the way inwhich the survey was introduced to prospective participants, the interview itself, and fieldwork monitoringand quality assurance.

3.3.1 Introducing the survey
As discussed more fully in Chapter 4 below, all interviewers working on the survey received extensive
training on the implementation of the fieldwork, including the aforementioned ethical and safety
protocols. This included training on how to detect verbal and non-verbal clues that may indicate when
respondents felt uncomfortable and how to handle situations where the interview impacted or seemed to
be impacting negatively on respondents. Interviewers were explicitly instructed not to make any
assumptions about who may be a perpetrator of violence within the household. A protocol was developed
to serve as the basis for the training, drawing on internationally recognized sources.13 The following
paragraphs introduce key elements of the survey:

12 UNSD Guidelines for Producing Statistics on VAW. WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women.

Ethical and safety recommendations for research on VAW. CGIAR Cautionary notes.
13 Such sources include, but are not limited to:https://pim.cgiar.org/2020/07/14/phone-surveys-to-understand-gendered-impacts-of-covid-19-a-cautionary-note/ ;https://www.unicef-irc.org/article/1997-remote-data-collection-on-violence-against-women-during-covid-19-a-conversation-with.html ;https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/violence/24159358X/en/ ;https://www.svri.org/svrinterest/svri-knowledge-exchange-pivoting-remote-research-violence-against-women-during-covid-19

23

• Sex of the respondent: once the respondents had chosen their preferred language and the interviewer
had introduced herself and the survey, the survey began with a question on the sex of the respondents.
Any male respondents were informed that they were not eligible to participate in the survey and theinterview was terminated. The remaining female respondents were then asked about their age before
they were read the survey introduction.
• Objectives of the study: In Phase I of the study the introduction presented the objective of the survey as
being “to understand how the rapid spread of COVID-19 is affecting women and girls”. As per globallyagreed standards, including the WHO Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence
Against Women, it was deliberately not described as being about violence against women, but
respondents were informed that “there are some questions in this questionnaire that may beconsidered sensitive” before continuing with the informed consent process. In Phase II, the wording of
the introduction was slightly modified to make it easier to understand, stating that the objective of thesurvey is to “undertake a study on the impact of COVID-19 on women.”• Privacy and data protection: As part of the introduction, respondents were asked to confirm whether
they understood that the information was being collected for UN Women to better understand theneeds of women in the community and to help develop responses that improve well-being; that
respondents’ information would remain confidential; and that they are able to revise and/or ask todelete any information. The link to the privacy notice was given to all respondents. In both phases of thestudy, no respondents requested further information related to the privacy notice or data protection in
general.
• Use of speakerphone: Respondents were informed that they should not be on speakerphone during theinterview. They were explicitly asked whether the speakerphone was off before the safety measures
were explained. Interviewers were instructed to try to establish if there were other people in the houseand to pay attention to the possibility of people being able to hear in the adjoining room or through adoor, for example. Participants who were using a speakerphone and declined to switch to private mode
were excluded from the study to ensure no one else in their surroundings was listening.
-“We would like you to not use the speakerphone. Can you let me know if the speaker phone isoff?”• Recording devices: An additional question was included for Bangladesh in order to ensure that theinterview conversation was not automatically being recorded by an app on respondents’ mobile
phones. During the Bangladesh pilot the field team reported that some people in the country have suchapps installed on their mobile phones. Therefore, the safety question inserted for Bangladesh
specifically asked respondents to confirm that any recording device on their mobile phone wasswitched off:-“And can you please confirm that any recording device on your phone is switched off?”• Respondent’s privacy: Respondents were also informed that the survey had to be conducted incomplete privacy and in a room where only the respondents were present (or, if there were children
present, that none were over the age of 2 so that there was no risk of such children being able tocomprehend what the phone call was about or of repeating words they had picked up during the24interview). While the survey contained no questions where the respondents needed to say anythingthat might reveal the subject matter to any third parties present, there was the possibility of others
being able to overhear the interviewer’s questions. Interviewers were instructed to try to establish if
there were other people in the house and to pay attention to the possibility of people being able to hearin an adjoining room or through a door, for example. If so, interviewers were instructed to end theinterview with the positive closing questions.
-“[…] there are some questions in this questionnaire that may be considered sensitive and require
your concentration, so I’d like to make sure you are in a quiet, private place where you will not be
overheard before we start the study. Can you confirm if now is a good time?”-“Before we begin this section, can you confirm that there is no one around you over the age of 2
that can overhear our conversation?”In the event that the respondents’ privacy appeared to have been compromised part of the way throughan interview – for example, because an older child or adult entered the room – interviewers reminded
them that the interview needed to be conducted in private and, if necessary, suggested to them thatthey moved to a room where there would be able to continue in private, or that the remainder of theinterview be rescheduled for another time.
• Safety checks: Questions were included at specific intervals to ensure that respondents were still alone
in a place where they could not be overheard, and interviewers were trained to listen for verbal cuesthat something may have changed in the respondents’ environment, whether it be a voice in the
background or a change in the respondents’ tone or volume of voice. If privacy could not be ensured in
the woman’s home, she was given the option of being called back at a time and place that wasconvenient for her.
-

“Before we continue, are you alone on the phone? If you are alone, please say ‘yes’. If someone
over the age of 2 is listening to our call or is nearby that can hear, please say ‘no’.”During Phase II of the survey, this follow-up question was removed from the survey in order to avoid
causing confusion among respondents. Additionally, it was observed that the repeated questions
asking respondents whether they are taking the survey in a private place and alone actually contributed
to a feeling of doubt and suspicion among some respondents, which affected their motivation to takepart in the survey in a negative way. Therefore, a reduced number of questions and statementscommenting on the importance of taking the survey alone were left in the final version of thequestionnaire used during Phase II of the study.
• Use of safety word: At the outset of the interview and then at regular junctures thereafter, therespondents were provided with a codeword (a popular local food) that they could use if someone
walked into the room or if they otherwise felt uncomfortable. During Phase II, the reminders for the useof the safe word (popular local food) were inserted both in the beginning of the questionnaire and at
the start of Section C (Safety). The Phase II pilot showed that repeated reminders of the safety food did
not necessarily lead to more frequent proper use of the safe word and actually were a cause ofannoyance for many respondents since the use of multiple prompts increased the length of theinterview. Every question had the popular local food as an answer option, so if the respondents used the25phrase, the survey logic moved to another part of the questionnaire for one question and then closed
the interview to call back at another time.
-“If at any time someone comes into the room or you think you may be overheard, please say[Scripter: insert “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] and we will move to a separate section of the survey.
Remember you can used [Scripter: insert “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] at any time and tell anyone
who may have overheard that you were randomly selected to take a survey on the impacts of
COVID-19.”• Scripted responses: This survey used a unique design to help provide the necessary protections andconfidentiality to female participants. All substantive questions were read out directly to respondents
so they were able to answer using simply “yes”, “no”, “agree”, “disagree”, “agree”, “a lot”, “some”,“sometimes”, “often”, “never”, and other phrases that would not be indicative of the topic of the survey
itself, just in case someone came into the room who could overhear.
• Safety and comfort of respondents: At the section of the interview focusing on issues relating toviolence against women, participants were reminded that they should only answer the section if theyfelt “confident and safe to do so”:-

“Kindly answer this part only if you feel confident and safe enough to do so. If at any time you do
not feel comfortable answering these questions in your current environment, please let us know
by saying [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] and we will skip to the next
module.”• Vignettes: To be able to capture proxy measures on violence against women while still ensuring thesafety of the respondents, the survey used exclusively projective techniques. This included using
vignettes. Vignettes are questions telling a “story” about a “woman in the community” whoexperiences different kinds of violence against women and asking generally speaking if the
respondent thought this was a common experience for women. Where more direct measures wereneeded, respondents were asked whether they “themselves or any women they know” had experienced
specific acts of VAW by answering yes or no, without providing any detail on who the woman was,where it may have happened or who the perpetrator was.
• Direct experience of VAW: In addition to the indirect questions, in Phase II the questionnaire also
included a group of three direct questions probing respondent’s experience of physical intimate-partner
violence before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. These questions were only used in thesurvey in Colombia. The answer options to the direct questions were phrased in a way in which it wassafe for respondents to answer them out loud.
-“How often, if at all, in the past 12 months, has a spouse or partner pushed you, thrownsomething at you that could hurt you, punched or slapped you?”• Helplines: At the close of the survey, respondents were provided with appropriate helpline numbers. If
the respondents stated that they did not want the numbers, then this was respected. Interviewers were
explicitly instructed not to counsel the respondents themselves, at any time, since they were nottrained in offering this kind of support. During Phase II, a list of both national and regional helplines

26

was distributed to each country for verification of the phone numbers and to ensure that only active
helplines are provided to the respondents. A list of the helplines included in the survey is provided as aseparate document accompanying this report.

3.3.2 Interviewer safety and well-being
Alongside the above-mentioned protocols to protect the survey respondents, the following measures weretaken to ensure the safety and well-being of interviewers:•

The recommended COVID-19 safety measures, including social distancing and/or work-from-home,were observed by the interviewing teams at all times to avoid any risk of contamination.

• Interviewers were provided with detailed guidance about what to do in the event of feeling emotionally
distressed at any point during the study. This included the option to take a break from the project until
they felt ready to continue working on it or to stop working on the project completely.
• At all times during fieldwork, a supervisor was available for interviewers to contact as needed. A
counsellor or qualified member of the research staff was also available to provide interviewers withsupport where required.

3.3.3 Interview monitoring and quality assurance
During fieldwork, interview monitoring and tracking data were automatically generated through theapplication of pre-programmed rules and analyses. Data verification and related quality assurance processes
focused among other things on ensuring that the special ethical and safety protocols for the survey werebeing appropriately followed.
No recording of interviews was undertaken for quality purposes. The recording of research interviews canonly be undertaken with respondents’ consent. Asking for such consent could have reduced women’s
willingness to participate in the survey or to talk openly about their experiences related to violence against
women. In place of recordings, Fieldwork Supervisors listened in to at least 10% of all interviews. Quality
checks were also conducted by performing call-backs in some of the countries.

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4 Fieldwork
4.1 Selection and training of the field teams

4.1.1 Requirements for interviewers
Selecting the right interviewers for the study was a key element of the fieldwork preparations. Interviewers
were appointed by the local field agencies and needed to fulfil the following criteria:• Only female interviewers were assigned to the study, as recommended for research related to theexperience of violence against women.14 Using only female interviewers increases the likelihood of
respondents being willing to take part and talk openly about their experiences of sexual victimizationand male partner violence. It also aims at reducing the likelihood that a woman who experienced harm
inflicted by a man does not relive trauma because she associates the male interviewer with theperpetrator(s). The rationale for this approach is outlined in section 3.3.1 and followed the Guidelines for
Producing Statistics on Violence against Women set out by the Statistics Division of the UN
Department of Economic and Social Affairs.15• at least secondary school qualification; experience in conducting surveys (ideally on topics related to
VAW); good communication and native-level fluency in the languages in which the study wasadministered.
• The suitability of interviewers with regard to the subject matter was also part of the selection process.
This was assessed primarily during the training. Interviewers needed to be adequately equipped to deal
with possibly distressing interviews. Furthermore, they needed to reflect on, and overcome potential
judgements, stereotypes or prejudices they might hold towards women who had experienced violence
so that the interview could be conducted with the required professionalism and empathic neutrality.

4.1.2 Organization and content of training
The training session comprised a two-phase approach:• Train-the-trainer sessions were organized on 14–15 April 2021 (Phase I) and on 22, 23 and 26 July 2021
(Phase II). These took the form of Microsoft Teams calls between the Ipsos, CCT and Field Managers,
14 See, for example, previous UN Women/Ipsos Gendered Rapid Assessment Survey conducted in Ethiopia in late 2020 or the Manual onVictimization Surveys https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Crime-statistics/Manual_on_Victimization_surveys_2009_web.pdf.
Guidelines further specify that the tone of voice and behaviour shown by adult female interviewers is better received by respondents in comparison
with younger interviewers, but maturity of interviewers wasn’t given priority in this study.
15 https://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/docs/Guidelines_Statistics_VAW.pdf.

28

with observers from UN Women. The two training sessions followed largely the same programme andagenda, the main difference being the inclusion of special explanations and instructions dedicated to
the C26 questions probing direct experiences of VAW, which were added to the questionnaire in
Colombia.
• Local training for interviewers were organized by Field Managers on 20–22 April 2021 (Phase I) and on
26–27 July 2021 (Phase II) in each country for all interviewers selected to work on the survey. The
presentation deck created for the train-the-trainer sessions was also used for these trainings, withtranslation where required. Only interviewers who participated in the training were allowed to conduct
interviews.

The training sessions provided Field Managers and interviewers with in-depth knowledge of the definitions,extent, drivers and impact of violence against women, with the ethics and safety protocols, and logisticalcomponents of the study and facilitated interviewer investment and engagement in the study. The first partcomprised a discussion of the main elements covered in the interviewer manual (provided in Appendix 6.6),
which was developed by the Ipsos Project Management Team and reviewed by UN Women and the TAG. The
manual was based on the globally agreed recommendations of research on VAW and remote data collection
on sensitive topics.16 The second part reviewed the full survey instrument structure and included an
explanation of complex questions, as well as a detailed presentation of questionnaire routing and logic.
Particular attention was given to the administration of VAW-related questions, including techniques todevelop rapport with the respondents, instructions on how the questions should be asked, and guidance on
how to deal with any sensitive situations during fieldwork that could put women at a higher risk of violenceor cause distress. The full training deck can be found in Appendix 6.5 to this report. Table 4.1 shows theagenda of the training session and the time allotted to each element.
Table 4.1 Training session agendaPart 1

Allotted time

Overview and objectives of the survey

5 minutes

Understanding violence against women

20 minutes

Ethical and safety considerations

20 minutes

General survey guidelines

20 minutes

Sampling approach

10 minutes

Q&A

30 minutes

Total

1 hour 45 minutes

Part 2

Allotted time

Screener and informed consent

20 minutes

Questionnaire: A. Demographics

20 minutes

16 To name a few: UN Guidelines for Producing Statistics on Violence against Women—Statistical Surveys, Interviewer Training in the WHO MultiCountry Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence, WHO & PATH Researching Violence Against Women

29

Questionnaire: B. Health

20 minutes

Questionnaire: C. Safety

20 minutes

Closing of interview

10 minutes

Q&A

30 minutes

Total

2 hours

4.1.3 Observations during interviewer training
During the training, no major problems with comprehension or sampling procedures were encountered. The
questionnaire and associated guidance were perceived as clear and straightforward by interviewers. It was
ensured that the training atmosphere made interviewers feel comfortable to ask questions and express
doubts, for example, if a certain term was not clear or they considered a question too sensitive to be asked.
It was clearly communicated that interviewers’ opinions are important for the successful implementationof the project, following the ‘do no harm’ principle, and that they should express their concerns, if they had
any. However, no concerns were expressed.
Interviewers felt well-prepared given the comprehensive training provided and neither the local project
managers nor interviewers felt that anything had been missing in the training after they had done the firstinterviews. The interviewer training discussed different scenarios and how these should be handled(including the use of the codeword, how to react if a woman asks for help, and how to react if they hearsomeone in the background or someone entering the room). This role-play element was helpful forinterviewers to prepare for their interviews. The training sessions were recorded for reference purposes andfor use in any additional trainings that might be run (for example, in the event that new interviewers wereadded to the field teams).
Some small adjustments were proposed by interviewers, for example, adding ‘government employees’ aspart of code 1 in questions B01a and B01b on personal economic activity. These suggestions were thendiscussed with UN Women and, in cases where UN Women found the suggestions useful, implemented in
the questionnaire.
A special part of the training in Phase II was dedicated to the C26 set of questions probing participants’ direct
experiences of VAW. The questions were implemented only in Colombia, but the specific instructions
associated with them were included in the main training programme. These included recommendations forinterviewers on how to ask the questions, how to respond to different reactions from the respondents andhow to handle this part of the survey in a calm and neutral manner.

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4.2 Survey pilot

4.2.1 Pilot fieldwork period, target and completed interviews
For Phase I, the pilot took place immediately upon completion of the interviewer training, from 23–30 April
2021. It was conducted among a total sample of 180 respondents across the four countries in this phase, using
the same script, the same sample and the same infrastructure as would be used for the main fieldwork. The
same process was repeated with the countries participating in Phase II, where the pilot was conductedamong 448 respondents in nine countries. The pilot for them took place in two instalments – from 29 July to
5 August 2021 for the group of six countries using the survey platform Dimensions, and from 6–11 August for
the group of three countries using the platform iField.17 During the set-up of the pilot in the iField countries,
technical issues caused delays in the start dates for Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria and Paraguay. These countries do
not normally use the iField platform for phone surveys and needed additional assistance and instructions on
the set-up of the platform. In Paraguay, this process took longer compared to the other countries and thus
only achieved eight completes during the pilot.
Table 4.2 Pilot field dates and number of completed interviews
Country

Pilot field dates

Completed

Cameroon

23/04 – 28/04

47

Kenya

23/04 – 24/04

51

Thailand

28/04 – 30/04

30

Ukraine23/04 – 27/04

52

Albania

29/07 – 05/08

53

Bangladesh

29/07 – 05/08

54

Colombia

29/07 – 05/08

57

Côte d’Ivoire

06 – 11/08

25

Jordan29/07 – 05/08

50

Kyrgyzstan

29/07 – 05/08

50

Morocco29/07 – 05/08

50

Nigeria

06 – 11/08

26

Paraguay

06 – 11/08

8

Uganda18

06 – 11/08

75

Phase I

Phase II

17 During the pilot in Phase II, fieldwork in Paraguay was initially set up to use iField but due to the number of technical issues faced with this platform,
for the mainstage fieldwork the country team switched to using Dimensions.
18 Uganda was initially included among the phase II countries. Although the pilot fieldwork was launched there, an approval for the full launch of thestudy could not be obtained from the relevant national authorities on time. As a result the study was discontinued in Uganda.

31

4.2.2 Pilot findings
The following main observations were made during the pilot during Phase I:• Interviewer distress: One interviewer in Cameroon stopped work on the project after the pilot becauseof emotional stress resulting from the survey topic. No other interviewer distress was reported in any of
the four countries.
• Sample: Overall, the sample obtained during the pilot was quite balanced in terms of its
sociodemographic profile (without setting quotas), however, with a lower representation of older
women, women from rural areas and women with a lower educational background.
• Interview length: On average, the interview length significantly exceeded the 20-minute target in all
countries (32 minutes on average across the four countries).
• Dropouts: None of the questions caused a high level of dropout, although it was observed that
respondents sometimes stopped the interview at a number (six) of the sociodemographic questions at
the start of the questionnaire. This may not necessarily relate to the questions themselves but could
simply be a reflection of respondents having second thoughts about participating at this point.
• VAW-related questions: The questions on personal experience of VAW did not cause dropouts,
indicating that these questions could feasibly be asked over the phone once a respondent had found asafe place to respond openly to the questions.

An overview of issues observed (including country-specific feedback) and solutions implemented, is provided
in Appendix 6.1 (Phase I) and Appendix 6.2 (Phase II) to this report.
The following main observations were made during the pilot in phase II countries:• Interview length: On average, the interview length significantly exceeded the 20-minute target andthere was a notable variation in duration between countries, ranging from 26 minutes in Jordan to 47
minutes in Côte d'Ivoire. One of the main reasons for respondents’ refusal to participate in the survey
has been the length of the questionnaire, which led to several reductions in the length of thequestionnaire and thus improve the response rate during the mainstage fieldwork.
• Dropouts: None of the substantive survey questions caused a high dropout. The respondents who did
drop out tended to do so at the very start of the questionnaire when the sociodemographic questions
were asked. This may not reflect any concerns with the questions themselves but rather may simply bea result of respondents not being fully convinced about participating in the survey by this point andstopping the interview accordingly.
• Use of safe word: Interviewers in Colombia and the Kyrgyzstan reported that respondents typically used
the safe word (popular local food) as a polite way to end the interview rather than to indicate that theirprivacy or safety had been compromised.
• Direct questions on VAW: An important observation was the fact that in Colombia, the direct questions
C26, C26.1 and C26.2 did not prove too sensitive or otherwise problematic. Interviewers felt the32questions were well-placed (following the indirect questions on experiences of violence). Some
respondents lowered their voice, went to another room, and/or took a longer time to answer thequestions – but they all answered them and sometimes talked a bit more about a certain situation. No
one refused or indicated “don’t know” - and five respondents (out of 57) shared they had experienced
physical intimate-partner violence.

4.3 Mainstage fieldwork

4.3.1 Fieldwork dates, target and total number of interviews
Phase I mainstage fieldwork started on 30 April and ended on 18 June 2021, although the period varied to adegree across the four countries. Phase II mainstage fieldwork started on 16 August and ended on 30
September 2021. Table 4.3 provides an overview of main field dates in each country. The target of 1,200
completed interviews in each country was reached, with the final aggregate sample totalling 16,154
interviews across the 13 survey countries.
Table 4.3 Main field dates and number of completed interviews
Country

Main field dates

TargetCompleted19

Cameroon

02/05 - 30/05

1,200

1,226

Kenya

30/04 - 21/05

1,200

1,224

Thailand

30/04 - 18/06

1,200

1,202

Ukraine05/05 - 11/06

1,200

1,205

Albania

18/08 - 20/09

1,200

1,210

Bangladesh

18/08 – 30/09

1,200

1,242

Colombia

18/08 – 24/09

1,200

1,209

Côte d’Ivoire

18/08 – 24/09

1,200

1,325

Jordan17/08 – 15/09

1,200

1,204

Kyrgyzstan

19/08 – 19/09

1,200

1,201

Morocco18/08 – 22/09

1,200

1,214

Nigeria

17/08 – 27/09

1,200

1,482

Paraguay

17/08 – 29/09

1,200

1,210

Phase I

Phase II

4.3.2 Profile of the achieved sample
In each country, targets or quotas per age group and region were set, based on the latest available population
statistics for women aged 18+. 04.4 details the number of interviews achieved against the targets.

19 The data has been weighted on age and region, which have been used as sample controlling variables

33

Table 4.4 Achieved sample per age group

Completed

TargetCompleted

TargetCompleted

492

100%

297

104%

187

104%

120

98%

108

114

Kenya

483

107%

290

106%

180

103%

108

84%

136

125

Thailand

240

110%

213

107%

238

108%

228

89%

279

251

Ukraine

168

117%

216

113%

204

110%

204

103%

408

331

Albania

285

105%

194

111%

176

108%

208

111%

337

82%

Bangladesh

386

109%

292

109%

225

109%

158

101%

139

71%

Colombia

332

107%

243

107%

205

108%

188

107%

233

73%

Côte d’Ivoire

517

94%

283

149%

184

121%

112

93%

104

87%

Jordan

448

100%

292

102%

216

103%

128

108%

117

84%

Kyrgyzstan

351

90%

290

112%

200

115%

174

107%

185

78%

Morocco

333

109%

263

108%

223

108%

177

106%

204

69%

Nigeria

479

128%

282

161%

198

94%

127

95%

114

96%

Paraguay

379

107%

276

105%

201

105%

153

109%

191

71%

TargetTarget60+

Completed

50-59

TargetPhase II

40-49

Cameroon

Country

Phase I

30-39
Completed

18-29

In all Phase I countries and most Phase II countries ,the fieldwork teams faced difficulties reaching women
aged 50–59 and 60 or above. During Phase II this was particularly the case in Bangladesh, Colombia, Côte
d'Ivoire, and Nigeria. Field observations and an analysis of the answer to screener question S1 (willingness toparticipate) by age, reveal that this was not because the older age groups more often refused to participate
but rather because their incidence in the sample frame was lower than that of the other, younger age groups.
Indeed, difficulty reaching the older age groups may be explained by the mobile phone number sample thatwas used to contact potential respondents. Various studies highlight a gender gap in mobile ownership in
the countries concerned. For example, a study analysing data from a randomized survey on mobile phoneownership and usage in Kenya from 200920 revealed that women from rural areas and those whose incomes
were below the federal poverty threshold were the most underrepresented group among mobile phoneowners. Individuals who did not use a phone at all were primarily female (81% of this group), married (62%),
had no education (40%), and/or were effectively illiterate (62%). Further, phone-sharers were mainly female
20 Wesolowski, A., et al. 2012. Heterogeneous Mobile Phone Ownership and Usage Patterns in Kenya. In PLoS ONE. Vol. 7; Issue 4.

34

(65%) and spouses of the head of household (60%). Another data source for Kenya reveals that the gender
gap in mobile ownership was 7% in 2020 (GSMA Consumer Survey). In terms of comparable studies for othercountries, available data for Cameroon indicates a 2% gender gap in mobile phone ownership (GSMAIntelligence Consumer Survey 2015),21 while data for Bangladesh indicates that 64% of women own mobile
phones, compared to 84% of men.22
Several steps were taken to try to ensure that all age quotas were met. This included supplementing the RDD
sample with pre-existing contact databases in countries where these were available; and, towards the endof fieldwork, re-opening regional quotas that had already been fulfilled. (The use of contact databases isdiscussed further in sections 5.3.2 and the country chapters for Kenya, Thailand, Albania, Colombia, Côte
d’Ivoire and Nigeria. Additional measures included extending the fieldwork period to allow countries tobetter meet the quotas in the 50–59 and 60+ age groups. While some shortfalls remained in the quotas forolder women following these measures, the numbers achieved were sufficient to allow robust and accurate
analysis of the data. Further, a careful weighting strategy ensured that the results for older women werereflected in the national-level data commensurate with the group´s penetration in the populations
concerned. While weighting is technically less preferable to the full achievement of quotas, it should beconsidered that pushing the country field teams in Bangladesh, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Morocco and Paraguay
to reach the set targets for the older age group may have paradoxically run the risk of achieving samples that
did not accurately reflect the survey population, given differential rates of mobile ownership among different
age groups.
In terms of the regional quotas in each country, in both phases there were regions where the target wasmore easy or more difficult to reach. Generally, fieldwork progressed well in the metropolitan areas of theeconomic capitals and it was relatively easy to meet the quota targets. However, this was more challenging
in less populated areas, as well as in areas that were experiencing in a conflict situation at the time of thesurvey, such as the Far North region in Cameroon. During Phase II of the survey, the fieldwork was nothampered by conflict in any of the participating countries. This notwithstanding, in Phase I, the targets onregion were relaxed in the course of fieldwork to give priority to interviewing women aged 60+ (who might
have been located in regions where the target was already reached). In Phase II, regional quotas were relaxed
only in the latter stages of the fieldwork and this was limited only to countries where reaching the older age
groups of respondents was proving very challenging (Thailand, Bangladesh, Colombia, Côte d’Ivoire,
Kyrgyzstan, Nigeria, Paraguay). An overview of the sample achieved per region is provided in the country
chapters (section 6).

21 The Mobile Gender Gap Report 2021 by GSMA provides an overview of mobile phone ownership in LMICs. Data were collected by Ipsos, together
with Basis Research.
22 Ibid.

35

4.4 Quality control and data processing

4.4.1 Quality control
Interviewers

Interviewer monitoring started on day one of the fieldwork, ensuring that any issues were spotted in theearly stages and that their impact was minimized. In each country, a minimum of 10% of the interviews weremonitored on a random basis (but covering all interviewers) by Field Managers as part of the quality control
system (e.g., through listening in, including checking compliance with the safety protocols). In addition, theIpsos Project Management Team checked on a daily basis for systemic issues with interviewers (e.g.,interviewers with a high percentage of very short interviews). Where such issues were identified, corrective
steps (such as the re-briefing or retraining of the interviewers and/or the removal of the data they collected)
were discussed with the local agency.
Survey data

Data validation was conducted on a continuous basis throughout fieldwork, to ensure that the collected data
were of high quality. The objective of the validation process was to detect single interviews of poor quality.
Ipsos identified these cases by assessing the following statistical criteria:• Duration of the interview: Interviews that were completed very fast (i.e., were at least 50% shorter thanthe mean interview length in the country) were treated as suspicious and verified more in-depth.
• Ipsos checked for “straight-liners” on the grid questions B02, C23, C30 and C31. An interview was flagged
as “straight-liner” if the same option (for example “yes”) was chosen for every item on at least three ofthe four questions.23• The item non-response was calculated by summing the codes of “Don’t know” and “Refused” of thefollowing questions that contained at least one of these two codes: A02, A03, A04, A05, A07, A08, A09,
A10, A11, A12, B01, B02, B03, B04, C02, C03, C04, C05, C06, C07, C08, C09, C10, C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16,
C17, C19, C20, C21, C22, C23, C24, C25, C26, C26.1, C26.224, C28A, C28B, C29A, C29B, C30, C31, S12, SS0. The
sum was afterwards divided by 4525 (the number of questions). The result was represented as apercentage. Interviews with at least 25% item non-response were flagged for verification.26
If interviews that did not meet the quality threshold were identified, these were removed from the data set.

23 Straight-lining can be a symptom of respondent fatigue, lack of attention or lack of interest, or a sign of fraud. But it can also be a product of thequestionnaire design. For example, if there are only a few ratings, and they are all somewhat related (e.g., impressions about a brand or product), a
respondent could arguably give very similar answers throughout a given grid.
24 Questions C26, C26.1 and C26.2 were only asked in Colombia.
25 In Colombia the sum is divided by 48 due to the three additional questions included in the survey in this country.
26 The threshold for the pilot was 50%.

36

4.4.2 Weighting
In order to ensure that the sample accurately reflects the sociodemographic structure of the target
population in terms of age and regional distribution, a calibration weighting procedure, using rim weighting(raking), was carried out on a country-by-country basis. The principle behind this type of weighting is thataligning the sample and population on key variables for which population statistics are known can improve
the accuracy of the other variables in the survey that may have been affected by non-response or coveragebias. For each country in the study, official statistics were collected on the share of the female population bydifferent age groups (18–29, 30–39, 40–41, 50–59, 60+) and region. These statistics were obtained from a
range of sources (referenced in the separate country chapters), including the United Nations Population Fundand national census data. Based on the statistics, weights were applied to the collected data in order toensure that the achieved sample has the same distribution on the key variables concerned. Weighted survey
outcomes are included in the country-specific reports within the subsections of Chapter 6.

4.5 Technical information

4.5.1 Interview duration
Table 4.5 below presents the average interview length per country. In Phase I, in each country, the average
was longer than the envisaged 20 minutes per survey. The duration reflected the detailed nature of thequestionnaire and the need for interviewers to take their time to explain the objective of the study, howmobile phone numbers were obtained and to explain and reiterate the safety protocols. It should also be
considered that language is a key factor that may add length in translations compared to the English version.
The questionnaire used during Phase II was shorter, since some questions and repetitions of safety protocols
were removed. In the first days of the fieldwork during Phase II of the study, the average length of theinterviews in all countries still exceeded 20 minutes. However, with the progress of fieldwork and as theinterviewers got more accustomed to the text of the questionnaire, the average length of the interviews fellto under 20 minutes in Albania, Côte d’Ivoire, Jordan and Kyrgyzstan. In Bangladesh, where the average
length of the survey was consistently over 30 minutes throughout the fieldwork, this was explained by theneed for interviewers to add more explanations and speak longer to respondents in order to keep themmotivated to complete the survey and explain certain questions to them. The questionnaire administered in
Colombia was a bit longer, with three additional questions related to physical intimate-partner violence.

37

Table 4.5 Interview duration in minutes
Country

MeanMedianStandard deviation

Cameroon

23

20

14

Kenya

23

21

10

Thailand

24

23

11

Ukraine28

26

9

Albania

19

18

6Bangladesh

32

31

7

Colombia

24

23

6

Côte d’Ivoire

18

17

10

Jordan17

16

5

Kyrgyzstan

20

19

5

Morocco25

23

7

Nigeria

32

27

46

Paraguay

23

22

7

Phase I

Phase II

4.5.2 Response rates
The response rate was calculated using the first American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR)
definition of response rate. That is, the number of complete interviews divided by the number of interviews(complete plus partial) plus the number of non-interviews (refusal and break-off plus non-contacts plus
others) plus all cases of unknown eligibility.27
The response rate per country is included in Table 4.6 below.

27

https://www.aapor.org/AAPOR_Main/media/MainSiteFiles/Standard-Definitions2015_8thEd.pdf

38

Table 4.6 Response rates
Country

Response rate

Cameroon

16%

Kenya

16%

Thailand7%

Ukraine5%

Albania

7%

Bangladesh

12%

Colombia

3%

Côte d’Ivoire

78%

Jordan19%

Kyrgyzstan

8%

Morocco25%

Nigeria40%

Paraguay

2%

Phase I

Phase II

The best day of the week and time of day to obtain an interview varied across countries. Details of whatworked best in each country are included in each specific country section.
In Phase I, 4% of all contact attempts made were appointments, and in Phase II the figure was 7%. The
conversion of appointments to interviews was generally low. Respondents often did not answer their phonewhen the interviewer was calling at the scheduled time. Overall, in Phase I 7% of all appointments wereconverted into completed interviews, while in Phase II the rate was notably higher, at 29%. Comparison of
the conversion rates for the two phases should be made with caution; however, given the difference in thenumber of countries participating in each case, leading to much bigger differences in the absolute numberof call attempts and associated metrics.

4.5.3 Screen-out reasons
The first screener question asked covered the sex of the person who answered the phone. In Phase I of thestudy, in Ukraine, the person answering the phone was more often a male than female. This led to a highnumber of screen-outs at S3 (Table 4.7). In Phase II, there was a higher number of screened out male
respondents in Bangladesh and Jordan compared to the rest of the countries.

39

Table 4.7 Screen-outs at S3. What is your sex?
Country

Answer: Male

Answer: Male (% of total answered)

Cameroon

556

29%

Kenya

603

26%

Thailand1, 62922%

Ukraine4, 16955%

Albania

2,209

49%

Bangladesh

10,79286%

Colombia

2,700

52%

Côte d’Ivoire

2,092

54%

Jordan5,170

70%

Kyrgyzstan

2,209

49%

Morocco

1,320

20%

Nigeria

2,757

60%

Paraguay

1,203

23%

37,40951%

Phase I

Phase II

Total

The next screener question asked women how old they were. In Phase I, the number of respondents who
were not yet 18 years old was small, and thus the number of screen-outs at S4.1 was relatively low (Table 4.8).
In Phase II, an additional age-related screener question was added if respondents did not want to specify
their exact age (S4.2. “Which of the following age groups do you fall into?”), so the screen-out numbers for
the Phase II countries include the screen-outs from both S4.1 and S4.2.
Table 4.8 Screen-outs at S4.1. How old are you in years?
Country

Answer: Younger than 18

Answer: Younger than 18 (% of total answered)

Cameroon

3

0%

Kenya

7

1%

Thailand201

4%

Ukraine95

3%

Albania

54

2%

Bangladesh

30%Colombia

54

2%

Côte d’Ivoire

60%

Phase I

Phase II28

28

For the countries in Phase II, these numbers also include the screen-outs for S4.2 (Which of the following age groups do you fall into?) which wasadded to the questionnaire during that phase if respondents didn’t wish to disclose their exact age.

40

Jordan120%

Kyrgyzstan

134

5%

Morocco29

2%

Nigeria30%Paraguay

56

2%

657

2%

Total

Following the screening by sex and age, the objective of the survey and the rights of the respondent wereexplained. They were then asked if they were interested in seeing if they qualified for the survey. Screen-out
rates at this point varied significantly by country. The highest numbers of screen-outs were registered in
Thailand (71%), Ukraine (25%) and Albania (9%). The local teams in these countries observed that thesescreen-outs were not associated with concerns about the topic of the survey but, rather, with the length of
the questionnaire (about 20 minutes), which was announced immediately before question S1.
Among the rest of the countries participating in the study, the share of respondents screened out at question
S1 was low and varied between 0% and 3% (see Table 4.9). However, these lower numbers of screen-outs
were not typically reflected in overall lower dropout rates throughout the questionnaire in these countries.
For example, overall dropout rates in Kyrgyzstan and Jordan were higher than most of the countries in theentire study. Further, analysis of the dropout rates for the first question in the demographics section of thequestionnaire (A01) finds that the respondents in Kyrgyzstan and Jordan who dropped out of the survey
mainly did so at this question.
Table 4.9 Screen outs at S1. Are you interested in seeing if you qualify for this survey, now or another time?
Country

Answer: No interest

Answer: No interest (% of total answered)

Cameroon

8

1%

Kenya

1

0%

Thailand

3,642

71%

Ukraine774

25%

Albania

199

9%Bangladesh

91%Colombia

11

1%

Côte d’Ivoire

11

1%

Jordan40%

Kyrgyzstan

121%

Morocco41

1%

Nigeria18

1%

Paraguay

82

3%

4,812

16%

Phase I

Phase II

Total

41

Interviews were also terminated if the respondents did not understand the objectives of the survey or thereassurances they were provided around confidentiality. Tables 4.10 and 4.11 below show the small numberof cases in which this applied in both phases of the study.
Table 4.10 Screen-outs at S6. Do you understand that this information is being collected by [SURVEY FIRM NAME] for
UN Women so we can better understand the needs of women in your community and help develop responses that
improve well-being?
Country

Answer: Do not understandAnswer: Do not understand (% of total answered)

Cameroon

4

0%

Kenya

0

0%

Thailand11

1%

Ukraine80%

Albania80%Bangladesh

00%Colombia

20%

Côte d’Ivoire

20%

Jordan10%

Kyrgyzstan

20%Morocco00%Nigeria30%Paraguay

13

1%

54

0%

Phase I

Phase II

Total

42

Table 4.11 Screen-outs at S7. Do you understand that your information will remain confidential and that you are able
to revise and/or ask to delete any information you provide?
Country

Answer: Do not understandAnswer: Do not understand (% of total answered)

Cameroon

5

0%

Kenya

1

0%

Thailand10%

Ukraine20%

Albania

30%Bangladesh

20%Colombia

20%

Côte d’Ivoire

30%

Jordan00%

Kyrgyzstan

10%Morocco20%Nigeria10%Paraguay

2

0%

47

0%

Phase I

Phase II

Total

4.5.4 Answers to safety questions
Over the course of the interview, respondents were repeatedly asked to confirm that they were in a quiet,
private place, where no one over 2 years old was able to listen to the interview. They were also reminded at a
key juncture that they should not be on speakerphone. During Phase II of the survey the repetition of thesesafety protocols at C27 was removed in order to shorten the length of the interview since feedback fromcountry teams during the pilot revealed that many respondents did not want to take part in the survey
because of its length and women who did take part often found the safety questions repetitive andburdensome. At the same time, a new safety question was added for Bangladesh in Phase II to ensure thatmobile phone applications that automatically recorded conversations were switched off (Table 4.13).
Overall, the number of respondents who said the requisite safety protocols were not in place was generally
quite low, as shown in Tables 4.12 to 4.16 below. In all such cases, interviews were terminated and rescheduled
for a different day or time.

43

Table 4.12 “No” at S2. We would like you to not use the speakerphone. Can you let me know if the speaker phone
is off?
Country

Answer: No

Answer: No (% of total answered)

Cameroon

7

1%

Kenya

3

0%

Thailand23

2%

Ukraine19

1%

Albania15

1%Bangladesh

20%Colombia

91%

Côte d’Ivoire

25

2%

Jordan40%

Kyrgyzstan

16

1%

Morocco30%Nigeria36

2%

Paraguay

35

2%

197

1%

Phase I

Phase II

Total

Table 4.13 “No” at S2a. And can you also please confirm that any recording device on your mobile phone is switched
off? (Bangladesh only)

Country

Answer: No

Answer: No (% of total answered)

Bangladesh

1

0%

44

Table 4.14 “No” at S5. I’d like to make sure you are in a quiet, private place where you will not be overheard before we
start the study. Can you confirm if now is a good time?
Country

Answer: No

Answer: No (% of total answered)

Cameroon

2

0%

Kenya

0

0%

Thailand14

1%

Ukraine34

2%

Albania

66

4%Bangladesh

20%Colombia

25

2%

Côte d’Ivoire

30%

Jordan10%

Kyrgyzstan

221%

Morocco121%

Nigeria60%Paraguay

46

2%

233

1%

Phase I

Phase II

Total

45

Table 4.15 “No” at B01. Can you confirm that there is no one around you over the age of 2 that can overhear ourconversation?
Country

Answer: No

Answer: No (% of total answered)

Cameroon

5

0%

Kenya

0

0%

Thailand10%

Ukraine8

1%

Albania

71%Bangladesh

00%Colombia

7

1%

Côte d’Ivoire

26

2%

Jordan10%

Kyrgyzstan

81%

Morocco60%Nigeria21

1%

Paraguay

25

2%

115

1%

Phase I

Phase II

Total

46

Table 4.16 “No” at C18. If you are alone, please say ‘yes’. Alternatively, if someone over the age of 2 is listening to ourcall or is nearby that can hear, please say ‘no.’
Country

Answer: No

Answer: No (% of total answered)

Cameroon

8

1%

Kenya

4

0%

Thailand13

1%

Ukraine9

1%

Albania

50%Bangladesh

10%Colombia

40%

Côte d’Ivoire

18

1%

Jordan00%

Kyrgyzstan

30%Morocco40%Nigeria32

2%Paraguay

18

1%

119

1%

Phase I

Phase II

Total

47

4.5.5 Dropout rates per question
The dropout rate across the 13 countries participating in the survey was 13%, with an average of 7% in Phase
I and an average of 15% in Phase II.
Looking at the questions in the survey where the highest number of dropouts were registered, in Phase I thequestion with highest dropout rate was S9 (1%, And what district do you live in?), while in Phase II this was
A01 (1.5%, What is your marital status?). Overall, during Phase II there have been higher dropout and item
non-response rates associated with question A01. It can be noted that the answer options to this question
were revised in Phase II (discussed in detail in section 2.5.2), which may have had an effect on the reactions
to this question. However, general observations from the fieldwork in Phase II countries suggest that theseresults may also be linked to cultural specifics in the participating countries. For example, the number ofdropouts to A01 in Jordan was higher compared to that in the other Phase II countries. This has been
explained by the local interviewing team with the specifics of the culture in Jordan, where women often feel
uncomfortable answering this question.
The analysis of the other questions in the survey where high dropout rates were registered shows that thesewere the same in both phases of the survey, namely S11 (Would you consider the area you live in to be urban
or rural?), B02 (In the last month, how often did you feel…), A12 (During the last month, was there a time
when, because of lack of money or other resources, you or others in your household…). The exact dropout
rates for each of those questions can be found in Appendix 6.8 (for Phase I) and Appendix 6.9 (for Phase II).
It is, however, interesting to point out that the dropout rates for these questions increased by at least 0.5
percentage points from Phase I to Phase II. Overall, these are questions that appear early in the survey, when
respondents tend to drop out more often compared to later in the survey as, at that stage, they are less likely
to spontaneously change their mind about participating. For questions B02 and A12, field observations did
not identify any specific difficulties that might help account for the dropouts. However, the length of thequestions may have been an issue since both included multiple statements asked to the respondents.

4.5.6Use of popular local food per question
The popular local food (PLF), the ‘safe word’, was used 355 times in total, throughout all interviews in all 13
countries. It was most often used for questions C13 (12), S9 (6), C05 (4), C07 (4) and C10 (4) during Phase I andfor questions S11 (18), A12 (5), C23 5), and C28A (5) during Phase II.
Respondents did not always understand right away how the ‘safe word’ should be used and interviewers
needed to explain its purpose further. Interviewers in Kenya, Colombia, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco and Nigeria
noticed that it was sometimes used as a polite way to end the interview. This was not observed in the othercountries, but it cannot be ruled out that the safe word was used there as well to easily end the interview for
respondents without having to provide any reason. Therefore, the figures should be interpreted with caution
as the popular local food could have been used for reasons other than to indicate that the respondent was
at risk of being overheard.

48

Table 4.17 below shows the incidence of PLF use per question, as well as its use proportional to all answers to
the question.
Table 4.17 Use of popular local food per question (Phase I and Phase II)
Phase I

Phase IIPLF mentioned(% of total
answered)PLF
mentioned

PLF mentioned(% of total
answered)--

Question

Question text

PLF
mentioned

S1

Would you consider the area youlive in to be urban or rural?

1

1.2%

S8

And what district do you live in?

2

2.4%

S9

What is the highest level of
education that you completed?

6

7.1%

S5

I’d like to make sure you are in aquiet, private place where you will
not be overheard before we start
the study. Can you confirm if now
is a good time?

1

1.2%

-

-

S6

Do you understand that thisinformation is being collected by[SURVEY FIRM NAME] for UN
Women so we can better
understand the needs of women inyour community and to help
develop responses that improve
wellbeing?

-

-

19

7.0%

S7

Do you understand that yourinformation will remain
confidential and that you are able
to revise and/or ask to delete any
information you provide?

2

2.4%

-

-

S7 (PhaseII)

Do you understand that yourinformation will remain
confidential and that you are able
to go back to any of your responses
and change, revise and/or ask todelete any information you
provide?

-2

-

2.4%

1.5%

S8

And what district do you live in?

2

2.4%

-

-

S9

What is the highest level of
education that you completed?

6

7.1%

-

-

S11

Now we just need a bit more
information about you.

1

1.2%

31

11.4%

49

Phase I

Phase II

PLF
mentioned

PLF mentioned(% of total
answered)PLF
mentioned

PLF mentioned(% of total
answered)

S12

And as a final question, I would liketo know if you have anothermobile phone number besides theone I am calling you on? IF YES:
How many other mobile phone
numbers do you have?

-

-

2

0.7%

S12_NEW

And do you own the phone you are
speaking on?

-

-

10

3.7%

A01

What is your marital status?

3

3.6%

9

3.3%

A02

What is the highest level of
education that you completed?

1

1.2%

4

1.5%

A03

Which of the following best
describes what you mainly do each
day…?

-

-

6

2.2%

A04

In addition to this, do you do any
activity that generates an income,even if only for a few hours a
week?

-

-

1

0.4%

A04_1

Would you say that the moneythat you earn is…

-

-

5

1.8%

A05

Do you have difficulty doing any of
the following – walking, seeing(even when wearing glasses),hearing (even with hearing
assistance), remembering orconcentrating, self-caring, orcommunicating?

-

-

6

2.2%

A07

How many of the people living inyour household are age 0–17?

2

2.4%

4

1.5%

A08

How many of the people living inyour household are men aged 18 or
over?

-

-

2

2.2%

A09

Who do you consider to be thehead of your household?

1

1.2%

-

-

Question

Question text

Would you consider the area youlive in to be urban
or rural?

50

Phase I

Phase II

Question

Question text

PLF
mentioned

PLF mentioned(% of total
answered)PLF
mentioned

PLF mentioned(% of total
answered)

A10

What was the monthly income ofyour household BEFORE COVID-19?

2

2.4%

-

-

A11

Has your household’s incomechanged at all since the onset of
the COVID-19 pandemic?

-

-

6

2.2%

A12

During the last month, was there atime when, because of lack ofmoney or other resources, you orothers in your household…

3

3.6%

11

4.1%

B02

I would now like to ask you somequestions about your thoughts
and feelings during the last month(last 30 days). For each question, I
will ask how often you thought or
felt a certain way – please answer
with never, almost never,sometimes, fairly often, or very
often. In the last month, how often
did you feel…

2

2.4%

-

-

B02
(Phase II)

I would now like to ask you somequestions about your thoughts
and feelings since the onset of the
COVID-19 situation. How often
have you been bothered by thefollowing problems since the onsetof the COVID-19 situation? Pleaseanswer with: not at all, several
days, more than half the days, ornearly every day.

-

-

10

3.7%

B03

Thinking about these topics I've
mentioned, would you say the
COVID-19 situation has madethese difficulties better, worse or
the same?

1

1.2%

-

-

B04

Overall, would you say your own
mental or emotional health (e.g.,stress, anxiety, confidence, etc.)
has been affected AS RESULT OF
COVID-19?

1

1.2%

6

2.2%

51

Phase I

Phase II

Question

Question text

PLF
mentioned

PLF mentioned(% of total
answered)PLF
mentioned

PLF mentioned(% of total
answered)

C02

To what extent, if at all, do you feelsafe when walking alone in thearea where you live during the
day?

1

1.2%

15

5.5%

C03

To what extent, if at all, do you feelsafe when walking alone in thearea where you live at night?

1

1.2%

3

1.1%

C04

How, if at all, has your feeling ofsafety while walking alone at nightchanged SINCE THE ONSET OF
COVID-19?

1

1.2%

4

1.5%

C05

Discrimination happens when you
are treated less favourablycompared to others or harassed
because of your sex, age, disability,
socioeconomic status, place ofresidence, political opinion, or any
other characteristics. Have you
personally experienced any form of
discrimination against you SINCECOVID-19?

4

4.8%

-

-

C06

Do you feel that discrimination,
prejudice or racism in the area
where you live have changed
SINCE THE ONSET OF COVID-19?

2

2.4%

-

-

C07

To what extent do you think that
violence, abuse or harassment area problem in the area where you
live?

4

4.8%

7

2.6%

C08

How, if at all, do you think physicalharm, abuse or harassment in thearea where you live have changed
SINCE COVID-19?

1

1.2%

6

2.2%

C09

Have you personally experienced
physical harm or threats ofphysical harm, abuse or
harassment specifically by thepolice or security agents in thecontext of implementing
restrictions to respond to COVID-19

1

1.2%

-

-

52

Phase I

Question

Question text

Phase II

PLF
mentioned

PLF mentioned(% of total
answered)PLF
mentioned

PLF mentioned(% of total
answered)(movement restriction, curfew,
closure of certain premises)?
C10

How common do you think thisstory is for women in the area
where you live?

4

4.8%

16

5.9%

C11

Would you say the situation of
COVID-19 has made things better,worse or the same for [Scripter:
insert Female name] from thisstory?

-

-

6

2.2%

C12

Do you think [Scripter: insert
Female name] would seek help forthis situation?

1

1.2%

3

1.1%

C13

Who would [Scripter: insert Femalename] most likely seek help from?

-

-

6

2.2%

C14

How common do you think thisstory is for women in the area
where you live?

1

1.2%

7

2.6%

C16

Do you think [Scripter: insert
Female name] would seek help forthis situation?

1

1.2%

1

0.4%

C17

Who would [Scripter: insert Femalename] most likely seek help from?

-

-

2

0.7%

C19

How often in the last six months
would you say that adults in yourhousehold have argued or have
had some sort of conflict among
themselves?

1

1.2%

7

2.6%

C20

Would you say the situation of
COVID-19 has made conflict
between adults in your household
more frequent, less frequent or
about the same?

-

-

1

0.4%

C21

In the last six months, did you everfeel unsafe in your home?

-

-

6

2.2%

C22

Would you say the situation of
COVID-19 has made things better,worse or the same in terms of how
safe you feel in your home?

-

-

3

1.1%

53

Phase I

Phase II

Question

Question text

PLF
mentioned

PLF mentioned(% of total
answered)PLF
mentioned

PLF mentioned(% of total
answered)C23

Why do you feel unsafe at home?

1

1.2%

6

2.2%

C24

How often, if at all, did you go outof your house in the last month?

1

1.2%

3

1.1%

C25

Do you still continue to see or
speak with your friends and socialgroups

1

1.2%

-

-

C25
(Phase II)

Would you say the situation of
COVID-19 has limited yourinteractions with your friends andsocial groups, such as seeing or
speaking to them?

-

-

1

0.4%

C28A

Please tell me how many of thefollowing statements you regard
as true SINCE THE ONSET OF
COVID-19:

2

2.4%

-

-

C28A
(Phase II)

Please tell me how many of thefollowing statements you regard
as true:

-

-

9

3.3%

C28B

Please tell me how many of thefollowing statements you regard
as true SINCE THE ONSET OF
COVID-19:

1

1.2%

-

-

C28B
(Phase II)

Please tell me how many of thefollowing statements you regard
as true:

-

-

4

1.5%

C29A

Please tell me how many of thefollowing statements you regard
as true SINCE THE ONSET OF
COVID-19:

1

1.2%

-

-

C29A
(Phase II)

Please tell me how many of thefollowing statements you regard
as true:

-

-

4

1.5%

C29B

Please tell me how many of thefollowing statements you regard
as true:

-

-

3

1.1%

C30

Which, if any, of the following haveyou or any other
woman you know experienced

3

3.6%

-

-

54

Phase I

Phase II

PLF
mentioned

PLF mentioned(% of total
answered)PLF
mentioned

PLF mentioned(% of total
answered)

C30(Phase II)

Now I’m going to ask you aboutsome situations that you or any
other women you know may haveexperienced. For each situation,please tell if you or any other
women you know haveexperienced this only before thestart of COVID-19, only since thestart of COVID-19, both before andsince the start of COVID-19, or not
at all. Please listen carefully andjust answer “yes” or “no” for eachquestion I ask.

-

-

7

2.6%

C31

Do you have any suggestions or
recommendations of what we
could do for women suffering fromviolence during the pandemic?

12

14.3%

-

-

C31
(Phase II)

-

-

2

0.7%

Unknown

10

11.9%

-

-

Total

84

100.0%

271

100.0%

Question

Question text

SINCE THE START OF
COVID-19? Please listen carefully
and just answer “yes”
or “no”, yo can also always answer“don’t know” or “
[Scripter: insert country specific“POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] to moveon to the next module in thesurvey.

55

4.5.7 Item non-response
0 below includes questions with item non-response above 5% during Phase I. A10 had the highest percentage
of item non-response, at 18%. However, it is not unusual in survey research that a high number of
respondents will refuse to state their monthly household income, or simply do not know the answer. In thisparticular case, it concerned their monthly income before the COVID-19 outbreak, which respondents might
not remember. Furthermore, analysis of the data confirms that a high proportion of the non-responses tothis question comprised ‘don’t know’ responses (82% of non-response). Refusals to answer the question werecomparatively infrequent (18% of non-response). Not knowing the monthly household income before theoutbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic might have various causes, including simply not remembering, anirregular income, or not managing the household budget. Indeed, 75% of those who did not know the answer
to the income question did not consider themselves the head of the household (alone or together with thehusband), and the head of the household is most often responsible for managing the household income andassets. Based on these findings from Phase I, the pre-COVID-19 income question (A10) was removed in the
Phase II questionnaire, thus improving the response rates at question A11 (probing on change in income),
which is observed in the decreased item non-response rates to this question – from 4.65% in Phase I to 0.9%
in Phase II.
A large part of the other questions included in the table ask for the woman’s perception (of change) or
assessment of how someone else would react in a certain situation. The fact that this kind of question canbe difficult to answer is likely to be the main cause of high item non-response, as opposed to the question
content making the woman uncomfortable or being considered too sensitive to answer.
Table 4.19 includes the questions with item non-response above 5% during Phase II. It can be seen that theitem non-response for questions C31_6, C08, C10, C15, C14, C03 and C11 remained at levels above 5% whencompared to the data from Phase I. However, in Phase II, A01 (What is your marital status?) stood as thequestion with the highest percentage of item non-response, at 28%. An analysis of the data per country
shows that in almost all of the countries in Phase II, A01 was the question with the highest item nonresponse. The only exception was Kyrgyzstan, where C11 (Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has madethings better, worse or the same for [Scripter: insert female name] from the story?) had the highest item
non-response rate.
Table 4.18 Item non-response (Phase I)
Question

Question text

Item non-response

A10

What was the monthly income of your household
BEFORE COVID-19?

17.88%

C31_6

Do you have any suggestions or recommendationsof what we could do for women suffering fromviolence during the pandemic? Other, specify

9.26%

C08

How, if at all, do you think physical harm, abuse or
harassment in the area where you live has changed
SINCE COVID-19?

8.70%

C06

Do you feel that discrimination, prejudice or racismin the area where you live have changed SINCE THE
ONSET OF COVID-19?

8.21%

56

C10

How common do you think this story is for womenin the area where you live?

7.88%

C04

How, if at all, has your feeling of safety while
walking alone at night changed SINCE THE ONSET
OF COVID-19?

7.54%

C15

Would you say COVID-19 has made things better,worse or the same for [Scripter: insert Femalename] from this story in terms of her feelings ofsafety?

7.52%

C14

How common do you think this story is for womenin the area where you live?

7.15%

C03

To what extent, if at all, do you feel safe when
walking alone in the area where you live at night?

6.61%

C12

Do you think [Scripter: insert Female name] would
seek help for this situation?

6.55%

C11

Would you say COVID-19 has made things better,worse or the same for [Scripter: insert Femalename] from this story?

5.94%

C16

Do you think [Scripter: insert Female name] would
seek help for this situation?

5.49%

Table 4.19 Item non-response (Phase II)
Question

Question text

Item non-response

A01

What is your marital status?

28.30%

C31_6

Are any of the following support services available for women in yourcommunity?
Financial support

10.50%

C31_4

Are any of the following support services available for women in yourcommunity? Someone to talk to like professional mental health experts

10.40%

C08

How, if at all, do you think physical harm, abuse, or harassment of womenin the area where you live have changed SINCE COVID-19?

9.80%

C31_1

Are any of the following support services available for women in yourcommunity? Information about security/crime prevention

9.80%

C31_5

Are any of the following support services available for women in yourcommunity? Legal support or help in reporting the incident or dealing with
police

9.00%

C31_2

Are any of the following support services available for women in yourcommunity? Access to basic needs such as shelter, food, clothing

8.70%

C10

How common do you think this type of situation is for women in the area
where you live?

7.70%

57

C31_3

Are any of the following support services available for women in yourcommunity? Medical support

6.60%

C07

To what extent do you think that physical harm, abuse, or harassment of
women are a problem in the area where you live?

6.50%

C14

How common do you think this type of situation is for women in the area
where you live?

6.40%

C15

Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has made things better, worse or
the same for [Scripter: insert Female name] from this story in terms of her
feelings of safety?

5.90%

C03

To what extent, if at all, do you feel safe when walking alone at night in thearea where you live?

5.40%

C11

Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has made things better, worse or
the same for [Scripter: insert Female name] from this story?

5.10%

58

5 Lessons learned andrecommendations
As is implicit in the foregoing chapters, the 13-country study pointed to a number of important lessons about
conducting research related to violence against women in these contexts and more widely. These lessons, inturn, translate into key recommendations for future such research, including in relation to ethical and safety
protocols, questionnaire content and sampling, and data collection.

5.1

Ethical and safety protocols

The various ethical and safety protocols put in place to ensure respondent safety during the survey generally
worked well in practice. It was clear from the interviewer monitoring and feedback, and from the survey data,that both the interviewers and the respondents understood the protocols and made appropriate use of them,as required – though it was notable that in Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Colombia, Morocco, and Nigeria the “safeword” was also occasionally used as a polite way to end the interview.
One interviewer stopped working on the project after the pilot during Phase I because of emotional stressresulting from the survey topic, reflecting that the measures implemented to safeguard interviewers’ wellbeing were taken up when needed by interviewers. No other interviewer distress was reported. Generally,
interviewers reported that respondents were glad to have an opportunity to talk about their life experiencesand did not find the topic particularly difficult or uncomfortable – although some women answered in alower tone of voice or with slight embarrassment to more sensitive questions. The lack of respondent
distress is also reflected in the low levels of dropouts per question and item non-response. There wereminimal incidences of the “safe word” being used (less than 1–4% per country for both phases of the study).
This aligns with previous research done on similar topics using a face-to-face research approach and speaks
to the numerous ethical and safety protocols put in place as well as the largely projective (rather than direct)
techniques used.
Feedback provided by interviewers during debriefing sessions indicated that the vast majority of women who
participated in the survey welcomed the opportunity to discuss their experiences and make their voices
heard. This is not to undermine the difficult experiences that women may have faced on topics such as this,given personal histories and trauma, and women in this situation often do not take part in surveys to begin
with – which raises the issue of how not to leave the most vulnerable behind in phone-based surveys. During
Phase II in this research, the project team noted that more than a third of women (39%) said they did notwant to participate in the survey at question S1, indicating perhaps that they did not feel safe in doing so.
However, among those who continued, only 7% dropped out during the course of the survey, indicating that59

the vast majority of participants felt comfortable with the topics discussed. In Phase II of the survey, thecomparable figures were 2% and 15% respectively, meaning that while fewer women than in Phase I initiallyexpressed unwillingness to participate, more dropped out during the course of the interview itself. While itwould be ideal to follow-up with participants who either refused or dropped out in order to understand theirreasons for doing so, this is not a best practice from a research or safeguarding perspective.
From a research perspective, if a respondent refuses to participate it is critical to respect the fact that they
have not consented to be interviewed or re-contacted. From a safeguarding perspective, if it is assumed thata respondent does not consent because she does not feel safe, calling her back would only put her further at
risk.
The significant fall in the number of women who dropped out of the survey at S1 between Phases I and II
could in part be explained by the changes made to preceding elements of the questionnaire for Phase II –specifically, the introduction of the categorical age question (which meant respondents no longer had to
specify their exact age if they did not want to) and the shortening of the survey introduction text. However,there is no way of knowing this for sure, or whether the vastly varying dropout rates for S1 in the two phases
were in fact simply a reflection of other factors, such as the different range of countries that were covered.
Although extensive safeguards were put in place to ensure respondent safety throughout the interviewing
process, there is still a gap in the protection available when comparing a telephone survey to a face-to-facesurvey. Interviewers were trained to listen for verbal cues and build a rapport with the respondent, so the
respondent felt comfortable in ending the interview should she have had any concerns for her mental or
physical well-being, and indeed a few participants did this. However, such measures cannot substitute forthe dynamics of a face-to-face interview, where interviewers can directly observe the respondent andadditional non-verbal cues, as well as the environment in which the interview is taking place. This was
exemplified during the fieldwork in Kenya, where there were four cases of a man taking the phone from thewoman being interviewed and ending the phone call. The interviewers did not know what happened
afterwards and they could not call back to check on the woman because doing so might have put her atgreater risk. Further, unlike in face-to-face interviewing, the interviewers did not know the location of thewoman concerned.
That being said, a survey design that requires only the interviewer to discuss sensitive topics and the
respondent to only provide general answers that could apply to any topic, is an improvement on traditional
face-to-face (F2F) surveys which take place in a household where questions and answers might be overheard
or interrupted. Another removed risk from F2F surveys is that in phone interviews no one(neighbours/community members) can see the interviewers getting in and out of respondents’ houses.
Ideally, a best practice is to conduct interviews outside of the household, however it is also known that thisbiases research towards women that are indeed able to leave home, once again leaving some of the mostvulnerable behind.
When accounting for the aftercare of respondents, given the topics raised by the survey, both this telephonesurvey and more traditional face-to-face surveys provided time for the respondent to discuss anything that
may have arisen for them during the course of the interview.29 Similar to the recommended conclusion to29“We have covered many topics in this survey, and I would like to ask you if you have any other thoughts or questions on the topics we have discussed?

Please feel free to ask me anything and I will do my best to answer your questions.”

60

traditional face-to-face surveys, a final question and information about further support services was offered
to all respondents at the end of the survey is possible.30 Given the constraints imposed by COVID-19, only
services that were still operating and accessible remotely in safe conditions (i.e., by telephone or on theInternet) were communicated to respondents.
The strongest finding from the safety protocol portion of the survey in Phase I was a general feeling acrossthe country field teams that the repeated explanation of the protocols – specifically the importance of being
in a private space and not on speakerphone, and the option of mentioning the popular local food todiscontinue the interview – was a source of irritation to respondents. Some respondents even found therepetition quite patronizing in the sense that it appeared to imply that they were not able to retain the
protocol in their minds over the course of the interview. The repetition also added to the interview length,
which may, in and of itself, have compounded respondents’ irritation. As a result, following Phase I, theinterview script was optimized, with the popular local food protocol explained (in detail) at the beginning of
the survey and at the start of the violence against women-related questions only. The other references to it
were removed from the questionnaire. The Phase II pilot fieldwork lent support to this recommendation
across the nine participating countries and, as a result, the questionnaire for the main fieldwork was adapted
accordingly. Nevertheless, during Phase II, the repeated explanation of the safety protocols (even at a slightly
reduced rate compared to Phase I) continued to cause irritation and/or suspicion among respondents –especially in Bangladesh, Nigeria and Morocco – which negatively affected their motivation to complete thesurvey.
Therefore, the lesson learned was perhaps more around simplifying ethical and safety protocols rather thanadding to them when conducting sensitive research over the phone and using qualitative research such as
drop-outs, screen-outs information, where possible, to capture those that may have been left behind.

5.2 Questionnaire content
Given that the survey questionnaire was comprehensively piloted and subsequently modified in light of thepilot findings in both Phase I and Phase II of the survey, no significant issues with the questionnaire were
expected during mainstage fieldwork. This was borne out in practice: overall, the questionnaire performed
well in eliciting the required information from respondents. Terms, concepts and questions were wellunderstood, overall.
Nonetheless, the survey data analysis, along with interviewer feedback, pointed to a need to modify or
optimize some of the questions for future surveys. In particular:• Lengthy introductions, preambles and questions are not well received by respondents, but they arenecessary especially in this type of survey. Therefore, innovative ways were implemented between
Phase I and Phase II to shorten the questions and reduce the number of safety prompts, while still
ensuring that ethical and safety considerations are taken into account.

30“Should you require information or further support with regards to these topics, kindly call [INSERT LOCAL RESOURCES]. It’s free for everyone. You

can also refer your family, friends, neighbours or anyone who needs support.”61• Given item non-response suggested some difficulties with retrospective survey questions, potential
biases resulting from asking about a comparison of the present and the pre-pandemic time should beconsidered. The questionnaire design literature31 emphasizes that retrospective questions should beshort and simple, and whenever possible objective and broadly phrased. In addition, they should include
a historical "anchor point" (for example, the pre-pandemic time) rather than a reference period like thepast 12 months.
• In questions that mention the COVID-19 pandemic, it is recommended to refer consistently to the
COVID-19 situation (or to the start of the pandemic) and not to COVID-19 generally (for example, inquestion C11). Without reference to the situation, there is a risk that respondents will think they arebeing asked about their experiences of having had COVID-19.
• In certain countries, namely Côte d’Ivoire and Colombia, the survey pilot revealed that a lot of
respondents had trouble identifying their region. In order to tackle this issue and still be able toaccurately capture the place of residence of the respondents and thus ensure the tracking of regional
quotas, the respondents were first asked about the smaller administrative unit (district) of theirresidence and their region was identified based on this information. Survey pilots are crucial for
identifying these sorts of unanticipated issues and potential remedial measures.
• For future surveys in Paraguay, the inclusion of a Guarani translation of the questionnaire could beconsidered. Both Spanish and Guarani are official languages in Paraguay and most people in Paraguay
speak Spanish and Guarani. The interviewers there advised that some people might feel more
comfortable providing answers in Guarani or using a mixture of the two languages. Indeed, during thepilot, there were respondents who wished to take the survey in Guarani and the interviewers were
instructed to allow respondents to do so. The questionnaire was not translated into Guarani, but
respondents were allowed to provide their answers in Guarani if they wished to do so. Results from thefieldwork show that 4% of respondents felt more comfortable providing their answers only in Guarani,
and 5% in both Spanish and Guarani.
• To reduce item non-response to the question on marital status (A01), country-specific questions can beused that have been proven to be culturally acceptable and lead to fewer non-responses (for example
from the latest census). However, in order to ensure that the resulting data are comparable acrosscountries, some cross-mapping of the different questions will be necessary at the questionnairedevelopment stage and carried into the data analysis. At the same time, it is strongly recommended
that questions focusing on potentially sensitive issues like marital status be positioned at the end of aquestionnaire rather than nearer the beginning to minimize the risk of dropouts early on. This was
reinforced during Phase II of the study, and in Jordan especially, where there was a relatively high rateof drop out at the martial status question.

31 Hipp, L., Munnes, S., Bünning, M., and Sauermann, A. 2020. “Problems and pitfalls of retrospective survey questions in COVID-19 studies.”

Research Methods. 14. 2. pp. 109–114. doi:10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7741.

62

Survey• Due to the high level of refusals and ‘don’t know’ responses to the income question (A10)32 in Phase I –particularly in Cameroon and Kenya – a subjective economic welfare question (such as the Income
Evaluation Question that are commonly used to construct subjective poverty lines33) may be more
appropriate to enable the analysis of the survey results across different socioeconomic groups. Based on
the learning of Phase I, the pre-COVID-19 income question (A10) was removed in the Phase IIquestionnaire, thus improving the response rates at question A11 (probing on change in income), which
is observed in the decreased item non-response rates to this question – from 4.65% in Phase I to 0.9% inPhase II.
• In Phase I, the vignettes were understood too literally. Specifically, respondents understood that theinterviewer was asked whether there was a married couple with two children and a repair shop in thearea where they lived. It was therefore recommended to rephrase the preamble to make it clear that theinterviewer was asking about this type of situation in general. This change was implemented for Phase
II and appeared to have the desired effect as no overly literal interpretations of the scenarios werereported by any of the Phase II countries. It is recommended that the same change be applied to C10.
• In Phase I, analysis of the list randomization questions (C28 and C29) revealed that "neutral" statements(i.e., the indirect statements that do not ask directly about VAW) were not assuredly uncorrelated withthe response to the VAW statement. For example, a woman who is experiencing physical or verbal
abuse may be less likely to want to start her own business (take a risk). Recommendations were madeby the team at the World Bank that initially crafted list-randomization questions on VAW to use
neutral statements that are more likely to be uncorrelated with forms of VAW. Accordingly, new, moreneutral, statements were inserted for Phase II:

1.

FIRST LIST RANDOMIZATION (C28) RANDOMIZATION
I have faced severe economic hardships in life•

INSERTED CHANGE: I prefer [LOCAL FOOD ONE] over [LOCAL FOOD TWO]•

Reasoning: in the study, economic hardship and VAW seem to be correlated

2. I want to open a new business•

INSERTED CHANGE: I LIKE [INSERT NAME OF WELL-KNOWN LOCAL MUSICIAN]•

Reasoning: Risk-taking and confidence are related, and confidence is impacted by VAW as
seen in studies

32 Analysis of the data shows that a high proportion of the non-responses to this question comprised ’don’t know’ responses (82% of nonresponses). Refusals to answer the question were comparatively infrequent (18% of non-responses). There may be various reasons why respondents
did not know their monthly household income before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, including simply not remembering, an irregularincome, or not managing the household budget. Indeed, 75% of those who did not know the answer to the income question did not consider
themselves as head of the household (alone or together with the husband), and the head of the household is most often responsible for managing
the household income and assets.
33 See for example, Lačný, M. 2020. Approaches to subjective poverty in economic and sociological research.

Human Affairs, 30, 3, pp. 413–427.

https://doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2020-0035.
Deleeck, H. (1989). The Adequacy of the Social Security System in Belgium, 1976–1985. Journal of Social Policy, 18(1), 91-117.
doi:10.1017/S0047279400017220

63

3. I have been slapped by my husband or partner•

No change

4. I want to have children/more children

1.

•

INSERTED CHANGE: People in my family enjoy watching football.

•Reasoning: Those with abusive partners may not want more children, VAW and householdstress are impacted by children

SECOND LIST RANDOMIZATION (C29)RANDOMIZATION
I am jealous of my neighbour•

INSERTED CHANGE: People in my family have played football.

•Reasoning: those with abusive partners may indeed be jealous of the relationships of theirneighbours

2. My husband/partner has insulted me in front of others•

INSERTED CHANGE: I have been yelled at or called names by my husband/partner•

Reasoning: this statement is double-barrelled and combines VAW in public/private spheres

3. My friends respect me•

INSERTED CHANGE: I like [POPULAR LOCAL TV SHOW]•

Reasoning: those with abusive partners may indeed feel like their friends do not respect thembecause of their abusive relationship

4. I feel depressed most days•

INSERTED CHANGE: I prefer [LOCAL FOOD TWO] over [LOCAL FOOD ONE]•

Reasoning: those with abusive partners may indeed experience depression because of their
abusive relationshipFollowing Phase I, another improvement to the administration of these innovative questions was madethrough relates to the inclusion of a follow-up question for the interviewer to assess how well the
respondent understood the exercise (to facilitate analysis of validity), as well as giving the respondent
more instructions on how to count how many statements they agreed with. These measures were
implemented in the Phase II questionnaire. With respect to respondent instruction, a simple system wasapplied to make it easier for women to count the statements they agreed with, and thus safer for themto answer these questions: “As I read these statements, for each one that is true put one finger up on
your hand. At the end of the statements please just tell me only the number of fingers on your hand thatare raised.”• In Phase I, question C31 asked what respondents generally thought of all suggestions of what measures(from a list provided) they felt were needed to support women suffering from violence during the
pandemic. As often occurs with such ‘shopping list’ questions, all of the measures were seen as goodideas and there was limited differentiation between measures, limiting the operational value of the64resulting data. Initial ideas for addressing this in advance of Phase II were to change the question to amore relative measure by either:• asking respondents to rate the importance of the measures on a scale; or• asking respondents to pick the most, or two most important measures from the list
However, using Option 1) would have lengthened the survey and might also have failed toaddress the issue, leading to a lack of differentiation between measures (i.e., everything might
have been considered important). Option 2) would have required the respondent to repeat theanswer options, or at least certain words from the selected options, which could have enabled
others presents to gauge what the survey was about and thus compromised the respondent’s
safety. Thus, for Phase II, the question was changed more fundamentally to focus instead on
asking about the support services that were already available and/or known to the respondent intheir area. Service types were read out to the respondent, and for each they were asked simply togive a ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ answer.
• One general observation was that for questions with multiple statements or answer options (such as
C13 and C17), it is commonly observed that respondents in phone surveys sometimes get confused orforget some of the answers read out to them, which requires the interviewers to re-read the questions
and statements. This can lead to increased average interview length, which was observed in countries
like Bangladesh and Nigeria. Therefore, for CATI surveys, a general recommendation would be for aquestionnaire design which, to the extent possible, which largely avoids the use of questions with alarge number of very long answer options. Another option is asking respondents about the most, or two
most important things from the list (which implies that the respondent would need to repeat theanswer option, or at least certain words from the selected option).
Given that the feedback on interview length in both phases of the study (see section 7) reinforces theimportance of keeping population surveys (and especially those conducted by telephone) as short andconcise as possible, it is also recommended to reduce the questionnaire to 15 minutes, where possible, or atthe very least ensure that the questionnaire does not exceed the 20-minute target, which is the maximum
length recommended for telephone interviews.34 Currently this was still the case even after thequestionnaire was shortened after pilot testing feedback regarding its length. Longer surveys bear the riskof yielding lower quality data as a result of respondent fatigue and reduced cooperation, a decline in response
rates, and an increase in dropout rates. Therefore, the questionnaire design should anticipate the impact oftranslation on the final length of the interview, taking into account that a 20-minute-long English survey will
be longer to administer in certain languages.

5.2.1 Direct questions on VAW (asked in Colombia only)
As noted earlier in this report, a set of three questions were fielded in the Phase II survey in Colombia aimed
at directly measuring respondents’ personal experiences of VAW and how, if at all, these had been impacted
by the COVID-19 pandemic (Questions C26, C26.1, C26.2). Mindful of the possible negative impact of direct

34 See for example a synthesis of remote surveying in a pandemic by Innovations for Poverty Action: https://www.povertyaction.org/sites/default/files/publications/IPA-Evidence-Review-Remote-Data-Collection-Modes-Updated-December-2020.pdf

65questions on respondent safety and well-being, the introduction of these questions in the questionnaire wascarefully weighed and conditioned by the approval and support from Colombia’s NSO and women’smachinery. The outcome of the experiment was in fact encouraging: the questions were accepted without
question by respondents and no respondents used the safe word while answering them. Further, no item
non-response or dropouts were registered for the questions. For their part, the interviewers in Colombia
reported that women generally responded to the questions in a calm and neutral manner – albeit a few
women took a little bit longer to give their responses than they had in other parts of the survey, appeared tofeel mildly uncomfortable or shy, and/or slightly lowered their voice when answering.
Overall, this experience provides a case for including direct questions on VAW in future surveys. At the sametime, it is important to bear in mind that the questions were tested in only one of the countries covered in
the study. Further testing of the questions in other contexts would be advisable before a full-scale roll out ofsuch items within the context of multi-country studies is considered.

5.3 Data collection mode and sampling

5.3.1 Data collection mode
The choice of a CATI data collection mode for the survey reflected a mix of expediency, methodologicalreflections and sample design considerations: expediency in the sense that the COVID-19 pandemic
precluded the use of face-to-face interviewing; methodological reflections, as existing globally agreed
standards were designed for traditional face-to-face surveys that are no longer the only modality applied in
VAW surveys and do not address innovative techniques; and design considerations because telephoneinterviewing can deliver an unclustered sample, giving greater precision compared to a clustered face-toface sample of equivalent size. Telephone interviewing also affords respondents a greater degree ofanonymity than face-to-face interviewing, with potentially positive implications for the quality of the datacollected. Interviewers have also observed in this survey that respondents appreciated the anonymity themethodology provided.
Judged against these criteria, the telephone mode implemented in all countries participating in the first fourcountry phase of the study was largely successful (although some technical issues were encountered, which
are discussed further below). At the same time, and as discussed more fully in Chapter 6, the field teams ina couple of the countries felt that a face-to-face computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) approach
may have delivered a lower rate of refusals than the telephone approach and may also have led to fewer
challenges in reaching particular groups of women and ensuring representativity (these challenges are
discussed further below). Of course, these considerations need to be balanced against the fact that face-toface fieldwork tends to be considerably more costly and more time-consuming that telephone (and online)
fieldwork. By definition, it is also less anonymous, with possible implications for data quality. One fieldagency pointed out that compared to another study they had conducted on violence against women, CAPI
achieved higher response rates in rural areas, because respondents felt less inclined to refuse to participate
if someone came to their home, whereas CATI appeared to be more successful in urban areas because of theanonymity it provided.
For future surveys, and based on learnings from this survey, it is recommended that a CATI approach beprioritized where at all feasible but that, ultimately, decisions on the choice of data-collection mode must be66

made on a case-by-case (i.e., country-by-country) basis, taking into account the local sociocultural context(including phone ownership and the availability of relevant sampling frames) and typical or accepted
research practices, as well any precedents of research on violence against women or similarly sensitive topics.
One example that provides a lot of learning is the case of Bangladesh. The survey was initially planned totake place via face-to-face (CAPI) interviews in the country, but due to the exacerbated public health situation
due to COVID-19 and the imposing of further lockdowns in the country, a decision was taken to conduct thesurvey via CATI. Although the local team generally recommended a face-to-face method for Bangladesh,
anticipating a lot of issues with the phone survey, in the end the survey was successfully completed using
CATI. The process did involve some challenges, such as difficulties in reaching women in the 60+ age group
via mobile-phone-dialling, which necessitated an extension of the fieldwork period. However, thesechallenges were overcome, and the CATI approach was eventually deemed appropriate and effective in
Bangladesh. Specific learning from the fieldwork there can be found in the country chapter on Bangladesh.
Additionally, the CATI method is in line with the “leave no one behind” approach towards surveys on sensitive
topics such as VAW. While the researchers recognize the limitations of reaching women by phone who livewith violent partners or other abusive household members, at the same time using CATI provides certain
advantages (described in previous sections of the report) in allowing for greater privacy and safety whenreaching out to these women. That said, further effort should be made to ensure that in using CATI andmobile RDD samples, researchers can still reach groups such as older women, women not owning mobile
phones, foreigners and respondents speaking languages or dialects not offered in the survey. Ideally, with
ample time provided for fieldwork, such efforts can be considerably improved. In the present survey, wherea cross-national approach was taken to allow researchers to compare country results, fieldwork conditions
had to be more or less unified across all countries. This, coupled with budget boundaries, made the processof reaching the population of older women in several countries in the study (Bangladesh, Nigeria, Côte
d’Ivoire, and Paraguay) more challenging. However, multiple mitigation measures and extensive efforts
within available means were implemented to achieve the targets set in the study design.

5.3.2 Technical issues encountered
In the Phase I countries, the CATI fieldwork was conducted using Dimensions software and no technicalissues were encountered. For Phase II, two different software platforms had to be used, based on what wasavailable and usual practice in the countries concerned. Dimensions was used in most of the countries but
in Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria and Paraguay, another platform (‘Ifield’) was used. These three countries had notpreviously used Ifield to conduct telephone surveys, with their usual practice being to employ it for face-toface interviewing. A consequence of this was that during the set-up and execution of the Phase II pilot, theyexperienced significant technical difficulties that took some time to resolve and ultimately led to the pilot
fieldwork having to be extended.
Following the pilot, a detailed technical briefing was held with the Ifield countries to walk them through therequired set-up processes for the mainstage fieldwork and how best to utilize the software to manage
fieldwork on a day-to-day basis. They were also given the opportunity to ask questions and provided withdetails of how to access support for any issues they might encounter. In Côte d'Ivoire and Nigeria, the use of
Ifield provided no further challenges thereafter, and the mainstage fieldwork progressed smoothly. In
Paraguay, however, the team continued to experience technical difficulties, which slowed down their set-up
for the mainstage and ultimately their overall rate of fieldwork progress (discussed in more detail in Chapter

676). Consequently, mid-way through fieldwork, the decision was taken to switch the team to Dimensions
software for the remainder of the interviewing.

5.3.3 Sampling approachOn the whole, the sampling approach adopted for the study – random probability sampling with monitoringof quotas on age and region – worked well and enabled the study objectives to be met. In all 13 countries,
sufficient numbers of women in the target age groups and regions were interviewed to allow reliableconclusions to be drawn, albeit post-survey weighting was necessary to ensure that the sample accuratelyreflected the sociodemographic structure of the target population (as is standard in most population survey
research).
Still, the field teams did experience significant challenges in reaching older women, especially those aged 60
and over, within the scheduled fieldwork period. They did not refuse more often than younger women wheninterviewers checked if they qualify for participation at S1. To a lesser extent, they also encounteredchallenges in reaching women in particular in regions with a high proportion of people living below thepoverty line. Generally, fieldwork progressed well in the metropolitan areas of the economic capitals but wasmore challenging in less populated areas. Looking at the self-reported area type (rural vs. urban) compared
to official statistics on the population by area type, rural women are less represented in the achieved sample,
which can also be explained by the sampling approach since mobile penetration is lower in rural than urban
areas. Also, the achieved sample is made up of women with higher levels of education than the general
female population, but this bias can also be observed in other data collection methodologies.
In six of the countries, supplementing the RDD sample with leads from pre-existing contact databases
proved helpful in reducing the shortfall of older women, although this had only limited impact in terms ofaddressing any regional imbalances. At the same time, it must be borne in mind that non-probability
sampling methods, like the use of databases, by definition have the potential to introduce bias into a survey
sample. This is because people who elect to sign up to such databases may differ from the population interms of their sociodemographic and/or attitudinal profile.
Based on the aforementioned considerations, it is recommended that:• RDD remain the ‘first choice’ sampling approach for future CATI surveys on violence against women.
• The RDD sample should be supplemented with additional contact databases only if this proves to beabsolutely necessary during the course of fieldwork. Where supplementation occurs, the database(s)used should be carefully vetted to ensure their quality. Key vetting criteria to be considered in thisregard include:
o
o
o
o
o

source(s) from which contacts have been collected
whether harder-to-reach groups are included
the type of profile information included for contacts and steps taken to ensure that thisinformation is up-to-date (to allow for the effective targeting of prospective respondents)
the extent to which (and how) efforts have been made to identify fraudulent contacts
whether the database is used only for research purposes or also for other purposes – and theimplication of this for data quality and representativity.

68• The difficulty in reaching certain age and regional quotas should be considered in the planning of the
fieldwork, allowing for a longer timeline and/or assigning more interviewers in the field.
The use of any databases should be clearly indicated in the survey reporting, and the implications for data
quality and reliability discussed.

5.4 Scripting issue with question C30
Upon completion of the Phase II fieldwork and during final quality checks, an error was identified in thesurvey script that had affected the coding of responses to question C30. This question had been intended tomeasure whether respondents had experienced different forms of VAW before COVID-19, since COVID-19, or
during both periods. The question was initially designed as a multi-code question (i.e., a question in which
respondents could choose more than one answer), with the following answer options:
1. Yes, before the start of COVID-19
2. Yes, since the start of COVID-19
3. Yes, before and since the start of COVID-19
4. No
98. Don’t know
99. Refused
In the course of the pilot fieldwork, the Ipsos team realized that answer option 3 (Yes, before and since thestart of COVID-19) was in fact obsolete given that respondents could choose both answer option 1 and 2 if
their experiences of VAW started before the pandemic and continued thereafter. Accordingly, after the pilot
and prior to the launch of the mainstage fieldwork, answer option 3 was deleted, with the prior approval of
the UN Women team and wider TAG.
Following the mainstage fieldwork, however, it emerged that the question had erroneously been scripted asa single code question, rather than as a multi-code one, meaning that interviewers had been able to code
only one of the remaining answer options – options 1 or 2 or 4 – for each form of VAW under consideration,
regardless of respondents’ experiences. This was a very serious error given its potential to undermine theability of the survey data to provide a clear measure of how levels of VAW had changed since the pandemic.
Unfortunately, in an exceptionally rare course of events, the error had been missed at several points in thequality control process (at scripting, script testing and field oversight). While Ipsos conducts regular quality
checks after the sign-off of a survey script and during the course of fieldwork, these focus predominantly on
the quality of the interviews – checking interview durations (detecting possible speeding or suspicious log
interviews), interviews with straight-lining and high item non-response. Similarly, while survey results are
quality-checked on a weekly basis, these checks focus on unforeseen answers and any apparent deviationsin the results between countries. Issues with scripts are most commonly identified by fieldwork teams during
the course of interviewing but none of the local field teams reported that there was an issue with C30 thatprevented them from coding more than one answer in cases where it seemed appropriate to do so, meaningthat no remedial action was taken during fieldwork.

69

Upon discovering the scripting error, Ipsos immediately reported it to UN Women with a view to agreeing on
a recovery plan. In the first instance, the recovery plan consisted of sending a verification inquiry to all fieldagencies in order to establish the logic used for the coding of the answers of respondents who had personalor proxy experiences of VAW both before and after the start of the pandemic. This inquiry revealed that each
local team had arrived at a decision internally on how to code such answers. As Table 5.1 shows, they could
generally be divided into two groups based on their decision. The first group, which comprised the majorityof the Phase II countries, used the response code 1 (“Yes, before the pandemic”) in cases where
respondent indicated that they/someone they knew had experienced VAW either before only, or both before
and since the COVID-19 pandemic. The second group of countries took a different approach, asking the
respondents concerned whether the violence had been more frequent before or since the pandemic. They
used code 1 if the respondents said it had been more frequent before the pandemic, and code 2 if they said it
has been more frequent since the pandemic.
Table 5.1 Approaches to the coding of C30 answers

Group

MethodCountries

1

Coded experiences both before only and before and since as“Yes, before the start of COVID-19”

Albania, Colombia, Côte d’Ivoire,
Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Nigeria, Paraguay

2

Coded “Yes, before and since the start of COVID-19" with either“Yes, before the start of COVID-19” or “Yes, since the start of
COVID-19” depending on when the experience was felt more
frequent (“mostly before COVID-19” or “mostly since COVID-19)

Bangladesh, Morocco

The next stage of the recovery plan saw Ipsos launch a more detailed verification exercise at the interviewer
level, in order to check the extent to which each interviewer had adhered to the local protocol in their country(detailed in the table above) or whether there were deviations. To facilitate this exercise, each country team
was provided with a file that included all cases (interviews) where interviewers had used code 1 or code 2 at
C30 (“Yes, before the start of COVID-19” or “Yes, since the start of COVID-19” respectively) to code answers“Yes, before and since the start of COVID-19". The file also contained the interviewer ID numbers for theinterviews concerned. The field manager for each country spoke on a one-to-one basis with theseinterviewers to establish (as far as it was possible based on memory) the coding logic they had applied at C30
and for the specific interviews affected. To aid the interviewers’ recall of individual cases, extra informationon these cases was provided within the file – including the respondent’s age group and region, and the date
and timing of interview. Following these discussions, the field manager worked with the interviewers to
input the correct response into the file – that is, whether the response should have been ‘only before’, ‘only
since’ or ‘both before and since’ COVID-19.
A subsequent analysis of the corrected files by the core Ipsos team confirmed that the overall incidence of
VAW as recorded during the mainstage fieldwork was correct (i.e., the number of respondents saying thatthey/someone they knew, had not experienced VAW before or since the COVID-19 pandemic did not change).
Additionally, the analysis found that the coding of the C30 question answers had generally been executed
consistently in most of the Group 1 countries, with nearly all interviewers using code 1 (“Yes, before COVID19”) in cases where a respondent indicated that they/someone they knew had experienced violence “before

70and since COVID-19” as “Yes, before COVID-19”. For the Group 2 countries (Bangladesh and Morocco) the
analysis at the interviewer level revealed that although the field teams reported to have used a similar
approach in both countries, they were not always consistent in its execution.
Based on the aforementioned analysis, the following next steps were agreed with UN Women regarding theC30 data:• For Paraguay and Colombia, the data collected in the survey were deemed valid as it stood and norecoding was required.
• For Albania, Jordan, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria and Kyrgyzstan, the data revealed almost no or a very limited
number of wrong codes, and as a result, a recoding of the answers was implemented. The answers of
respondents who had personal or proxy experiences of VAW both before and since the start of thepandemic that were coded as “since the start of the pandemic” were recoded into new code 1 “before
COVID-19 and before and since”.
• For Morocco, a decision was taken to conduct additional fieldwork among a sample of 153 respondents
in order to check the results of the initial data verification exercise. To ensure the additional fieldwork
could be conducted quickly, a shortened version of the questionnaire was used, comprising C30 plus asmall selection of additional items that would facilitate subsequent analysis (altogether 32 questions
including 17 questions in the screener section). Upon analysis of the results in Morocco, it was decided
that the data were not conclusive due to the small sample size and difference in the sample
composition. As a result, a more substantive refield with a target of 600 interviews was administered in
Morocco.
• In the case of Bangladesh, more extensive additional fieldwork was deemed necessary due to theinconsistent way in which interviewers has coded responses. In total, 156 interviews were conductedusing the same short version of the questionnaire fielded in Morocco. Upon review of the data from therefiled, a decision was taken to conduct a full refield in the country, with a target of 1,200 interviews,
using the shortened version of the questionnaire.
The issue and its subsequent resolution led to several learnings which can eliminate the risk of such an error
being repeated. Steps that are recommended in order to ensure that extra layers of quality checks are put inplace include:• Implementation of additional checks of the survey script (i.e., by multiple team members) both during
and immediately after the process of scripting.
• Additional checks to be performed by country teams during the period when they test the local versionof the questionnaire, the results of which are to be reported in a debriefing session dedicated to theoverall flow of the questionnaire and any issues observed in the coding of the provided answers.
• Inclusion of a question in the weekly fieldwork feedback template on the functionality of thequestionnaire and issues in the coding of the answers to any question.

71

6 Appendices6.1 Master questionnaire (final phase I version)
Survey: Impact of COVID-19 on Women’s Well-being
MOBILE PHONE INTERVIEW BASED SURVEY
Screener and Informed Consent
ASK ALL
S0. Which language do you wish to proceed with?
READ ANSWERS, SINGLE RESPONSE
Scripter: insert country specific list
Countrycode
03
07
14
15

Country
Cameroon
Kenya
ThailandUkraineLanguages
French, Fulfulde, Pidgin
Swahili
Thai
Ukrainian, Russian

ASK ALL
S3. What is your sex?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Male GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout
2. FemaleASK ALL
S4.1 How old are you in years?
RECORD ANSWER NUMERICIF RESPONDENT IS UNDER 18, GO TO SHOWSCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout

Scripter: recode S4.1 into S4_cat:
1. 18-29
2. 30-39
3. 40-49
4. 50-59
5. 60+SHOWSCREEN Hello, my name is [INTERVIEWER’S NAME] and I am calling on behalf of Ipsos, market
research agency. We would like to understand how the rapid spread of COVID-19 is affecting women andgirls. You have been randomly selected to potentially participate in this survey commissioned by UN

72

Women and your feedback and cooperation will be highly appreciated. The findings of the survey will be
used to inform strategies and programs aimed at supporting women and girls during COVID-19. All
responses will be kept strictly confidential.

If you would like to read the Privacy Information beforehand you can access it online athttps://unwomen.ipsos.be
If at any point there are any questions you do not feel comfortable answering, you can choose not to answer
them. You can also choose to stop the interview at any point. I request for about 20 minutes of your time toask you some questions. You will receive [Scripter: insert country specific PLACEHOLDER] of communicationcredit as an incentive for the participation of the survey.
ASK ALL
S1. Are you interested in seeing if you qualify for this survey, now or another time?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No
IF NO, TRY TO ENCOURAGE THE RESPONDENT BEFORE CONCLUSIVELY ENDING THE SURVEY GO TO
SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout
ASK ALL
S2. We would like you to not use the speakerphone. Can you let me know if the speaker phone is off?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No GO TO S5.1

DO NOT ASK IF Country=15 (Ukraine)
S8. What region in [COUNTRY] do you live in?
SINGLE ANSWER
Scripter: insert country specific list
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
S9. And what district do you live in?
SINGLE ANSWER
Scripter: insert country specific list, filtered on answer S800 [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF S3=2 AND RESPONDENT IS 18 OR OVER
S5. You qualify to participate in this survey! However, there are some questions in this questionnaire that
may be considered sensitive and require your concentration, so I’d like to make sure you are in a quiet, private
place where you will not be overheard before we start the study. Can you confirm if now is a good time?
SINGLE ANSWER

73

1. Yes, can proceed now GO TO SHOWSCREEN 1
2. No, GO TO S5.1
ASK IF S5 = 2 or S2=2
S5.1 Are you still interested in participating in this survey at a different time?
1. Yes GO TO S5.2
2. No, GO TO SHOWSCREEN 3
ASK IF S5.1 = 1
S5.2 When would be a good time to call you back?
RECORD HH/MM/DD/MM OF CALLBACKHH/MM/DD/MMGO TO SHOW SCREEN 2
SHOWSCREEN 1: Participating in this survey is entirely voluntary. If you want, you can stop the interview at
any time. If at any time someone comes into the room or you think you may be overheard, please say[Scripter: insert “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] and we will move to a separate section of the survey. Remember
you can used [Scripter: insert “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] at any time and tell anyone who may have
overheard that you were randomly selected to take a survey on the impacts of COVID-19.
ASK ALL
S6. Do you understand that this information is being collected by [SURVEY FIRM NAME] for UN Women so
we can better understand the needs of women in your community and to help develop responses that
improve well-being?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No
IF NO, REPEAT THE STATEMENT ‘SHOWSCREEN1’ TO THE RESPONDENT BEFORE CONCLUSIVELYENDING THE SURVEY GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY
Text to insert “We would like to understand how the rapid spread of COVID-19 is affecting womenand girls. You have been randomly selected to potentially participate in this survey commissioned by
UN Women and your feedback and cooperation will be highly appreciated. The findings of the survey
will be used to inform strategies and programs aimed at supporting women and girls during COVID19.”

00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
S7. Do you understand that your information will remain confidential and that you are able to revise and/or
ask to delete any information you provide?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No

74

IF NO, REPEAT THE STATEMENT ‘SHOWSCREEN1’ TO THE RESPONDENT BEFORE CONCLUSIVELYENDING THE SURVEY GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY
Text to insert “All responses will be kept strictly confidential. If at any point there are any questions
you do not feel comfortable answering, you can choose not to answer them. You can also choose tostop the interview at any point.”
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
S11. Great. If you don’t have any further question we can proceed. Now we just need a bit more information
about you. Would you consider the area you live in to be urban or rural?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Urban
2. Rural00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]SHOW SCREEN2 END SURVEY
Thank you, we will call you back at [HH/MM/DD/MM] you requested. Thank you again and have a greatday!
ENTER CALL NOTES BELOW, WHO YOU SPOKE TO AND WHAT THEY SAIDSHOW SCREEN3 (SCREENOUT: IF S1 = 2 OR AGE IS UNDER 18 AND END SURVEY)
You have been screened out because you don’t meet the criteria for this study.

A. Demographics
ASK ALL
A01. What is your marital status?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Married
2. Living with partner/Cohabiting Scripter: if Country <> 16
3. Married but separated
4. Widowed
5. Divorced
6. Single (never married)
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
A02. What is the highest level of education that you completed?
SINGLE ANSWER

1. No formal education
2. Completed Primary School75

3. Completed Secondary School
4. Technical & Vocational Training
5. Completed University/College
6. Completed Post Graduate
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
A03. Which of the following best describes what you mainly do each day…?
SINGLE ANSWER READ OUT

1. Work for someone else for pay
2. Work in a personal or family business activity
3. Work in own farming, raising animals or fishing mainly to sell
4. Work in own farming, raising animals or fishing mainly for family consumption
5. Take care of the home/family
6. Study
7. Unpaid apprenticeship, internship
8. Unpaid voluntary, community, charity work
9. Look for work
10. Retired or pensioner
11. With long-term illness, injury or disability
12. Other, specify [O]
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF A03 IS 5-12
A04. In addition to this, do you do any activity that generates an income, even if only for a few hours aweek?
SINGLE ANSWER

1. Yes
2. No
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
A05. Do you have difficulty doing any of the following – walking, seeing (even when wearing classes),hearing (even with hearing assistance), remembering or concentrating, self-caring, or communicating?

76

SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, I have difficulties
2. No, I don’t have difficulties
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
A06. How many people including yourself, live in your household?
Scripter: Range is 1-30
IF NEEDED, EXPLAIN: By household we mean people who have been eating from the same pot for the past 6months]. Please ensure that the respondent has counted herself in her answer
INTERVIEWER WRITE IN NUMBERASK IF A06 > 1
ASK FOR EACH HOUSEHOLD MEMBER
A07. How many of the people living in your household are age 0-17?
INTERVIEWER WRITE IN NUMERIC, CANNOT BE GREATER THAN ANSWER AT A06
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF A06>1
A08. How many of the people living in your household are elderly, aged 65 or over? Please include yourself
if that is appropriate.
INTERVIEWER WRITE IN NUMERIC, CANNOT BE GREATER THAN ANSWER AT A06
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]

Scripter: if A06=1, autofill A08:
IF S4.1<65: A08=0
IF S4.1>64: A08=1

ASK ALL
A09. Who do you consider to be the head of your household? This could include yourself. IF NEEDED,EXPLAIN: The head of household is the person who makes most of the decisions and generally is the mainearner of the household
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Myself
2. Scripter: if A01=1,2,3,4,5 My husband

77

3. Scripter: if A01=1,2,3,4,5 Myself and my husband together
4. My mother
5. My father
6. My parents together
7. Another female family member
8. Another male family member
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
A10. What was the monthly income of your household BEFORE COVID-19?
SINGLE ANSWER
Scripter: insert country specific list
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
A11. Has this changed at all in the past year?
SINGLE ANSWER READ OUT

1. Yes, it has increased because of the COVID-19 pandemic
2. Yes, it has increased but not because of the COVID-19 pandemic
3. Yes, it has decreased because of the COVID-19 pandemic
4. Yes, it has decreased but not because of the COVID-19 pandemic
5. No, it has not changed
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
A12. During the last month, was there a time when, because of lack of money or other resources, you orothers in your household…
SINGLE ANSWER EACH ROW
ROWS
1. were worried you would not have enough food to eat?
2. were unable to eat healthy and nutritious food?
3. ate only a few kinds of food?
4. had to skip a meal?
5. ate less than you thought you should?
6. ran out of food?

78

7. were hungry but did not eat?
8. went without eating for a whole day?
COLUMNS
1. Yes
2. No
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]

B. Health
ASK ALL
B01. Thank you for your responses so far. I am now going to ask you some questions related to your health.
Please remember that you can refuse any question, and if at any time someone comes into the room or you
think you may be overheard, please say [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] and wewill move to a separate section of the survey on COVID-19. Before we begin this section, can you confirm
that there is no one around you over the age of two that can overhear our conversation?
1. Yes, confirmed
2. No [GO TO SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF B01=1
B02. I would now like to ask you some questions about your thoughts and feelings during the last month(last 30 days). For each question, I will ask how often you thought or felt a certain way – please answer withnever, almost never, sometimes, fairly often, or very often. In the last month, how often did you feel…
SINGLE ANSWER EACH ROW
ROWS
1. … that you were unable to control the important things in your life?
2. … confident about your ability to handle your personal problems?
3. … difficulties were piling up so high that you could not overcome them?
COLUMNS

1. Never2. Almost Never
3. Sometimes
4. Fairly Often
5. Very Often
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]79

00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF B01=1
B03. Thinking about these topics I've mentioned, would you say the COVID-19 situation has made these
difficulties better, worse or the same?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Better
2. Worse
3. Same98. Do not know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF B01=1
B04. Overall, would you say your own mental or emotional health (e.g. stress, anxiety, confidence etc.) has
been affected AS RESULT OF COVID-19?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, negatively
2. Yes, positively
3. Yes, both negatively and positively
4. No
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]

C. Safety
SHOW SCREEN INTRO_SECTION C I am now going to ask you a series of questions about issues related tosafety. These could be things that are physical like hitting or slapping, intimidation or threats, harassment,
stalking, isolation from others, yelling or calling names, restriction of movement, or denial of access toresources. These include things that happen in both public and private spaces. Please answer based on yourknowledge of the experiences of you and the people in the area where you live . Kindly answer this part only
if you feel confident and safe enough to do so. If at any time you do not feel comfortable answering thesequestions in your current environment, please let us know by saying [Scripter: insert country specific“POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] and we will skip to the next module.
ASK IF C01 = 2
C02. To what extent, if at all, do you feel safe when walking alone in the area where you live during theday?
SINGLE ANSWER

80

1. Very safe
2. Safe
3. Not very safe
4. Not safe at all
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C01 = 2
C03. To what extent, if at all, do you feel safe when walking alone in the area where you live at night?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Very safe
2. Safe
3. Not very safe
4. Not safe at all
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C01 = 2
C04. How, if at all, has your feeling of safety while walking alone at night changed SINCE THE ONSET OF
COVID-19?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. They have not changed since the onset of COVID-19
2. I feel more safe now than before the onset of COVID-19
3. I feel less safe now than before the onset of COVID-19
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C01 = 2
C05. Discrimination happens when you are treated less favourably compared to others or harassed becauseof your sex, age, disability, socio-economic status, place of residence, political opinion, or any othercharacteristics. Have you personally experienced any form of discrimination against you SINCE COVID-19?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]

81

ASK IF C01 = 2
C06. Do you feel that discrimination, prejudice or racism in the area where you live has changed SINCE THE
ONSET OF COVID-19?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. No, it didn’t change
2. Yes, it has gotten worse / increased
3. Yes, it has gotten better / decreased
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C01 = 2
C07. To what extent do you think that violence, abuse, or harassment is a problem in the area where youlive?
SINGLE ANSWER. REMIND RESPONDENT THAT THIS VIOLENCE INCLUDES: PHYSICAL, SEXUAL,PSYCHOLOGICAL (SUCH AS HARASSMENT), IN BOTH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE.
1. A lot
2. Somewhat
3. A little bit
4. Not at all
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C01 = 2
C08. How, if at all, do you think physical harm, abuse, or harassment in the area where you live haschanged SINCE COVID-19? REMIND RESPONDENT THAT THIS VIOLENCE INCLUDES: PHYSICAL, SEXUAL,PSYCHOLOGICAL (SUCH AS HARASSMENT), IN BOTH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE.
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, increased
2. Yes, decreased
3. No, stayed the same
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C01 = 2
C09. Have you personally experienced physical harm or threats of physical harm, abuse, or harassment
specifically by the police or security agents in the context of implementing restrictions to respond to
COVID-19 (movement restriction, curfew, closure of certain premises)?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes82

2. No98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]SHOWSCREEN: [READ] I would like to learn a bit more about the area where you live is like. This will help us
understand what type of support people in the area where you live need. To do this, I will tell you someshort stories. These are stories and not real. But we will ask how similar these stories are to real couples in
the area where you live. OK? [Wait for participant to agree to hearing and answering questions about thestories.][READ] [Scripter: insert Female name] and [Scripter: insert male name] are a couple. They have beenmarried for several years and have two children. [Scripter: insert male name] works in a repair shop, butlately the business has been bad, and they are worried about money. Sometimes when [Scripter: insert
male name] gets stressed, he takes out his anger by yelling at [Scripter: insert Female name], andsometimes he hits her. [Scripter: insert Female name] feels hurt and wants him to stop but does not knowwhat to do.
ASK IF C01 = 2
C10. How common do you think this story is for women in the area where you live?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Very common
2. Common
3. Uncommon
4. Very uncommon
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C01 = 2
C11. Would you say COVID-19 has made things better, worse or the same for [Scripter: insert Female name]from this story?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Better
2. Worse
3. Same98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C01 = 2
C12. Do you think [Scripter: insert Female name] would seek help for this situation?

83

SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C12 = 1
C13. Who would [Scripter: insert Female name] most likely seek help from?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Seek help from shelter or safehouse
2. Seek support from family
3. Seek religious leader
4. Access to centres for women/men
5. Approach community leaders
6. Talk with friends
7. Call helpline
8. Call/go to police
9. Go to health facility
10. Seeking support from civil society/NGOs
11. Other, specify [O]
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]SHOWSCREEN: [READ] [Scripter: insert Female name] is a woman. She sells goods in a store in town, shecommutes to and from the store in the morning and in the evening. [Scripter: insert Female name] often
finds herself alone in the store, especially when she is in charge of closing it at night. Sometimes, men in
the town come into the store to say things about her appearance and their desires that are unpleasant andmake her feel unsafe. Because of this [Scripter: insert Female name] is afraid of traveling in the evening, incase one of them may harm her.
ASK IF C01 = 2
C14. How common do you think this story is for women in the area where you live?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Very common
2. Common
3. Uncommon
4. Very uncommon
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]

84

ASK IF C01 = 2
C15. Would you say COVID-19 has made things better, worse or the same for [Scripter: insert Female name]from this story in terms of her feelings of safety?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Better
2. Worse
3. Same98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C01 = 2
C16. Do you think [Scripter: insert Female name] would seek help for this situation?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C16 = 1
C17. Who would [Scripter: insert Female name] most likely seek help from?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Seek help from shelter or safehouse
2. Seek support from family
3. Seek religious leader
4. Access to centres for women/men
5. Approach community leaders
6. Talk with friends
7. Call helpline
8. Call/go to police
9. Go to health facility
10. Seeking support from civil society/NGOs
11. Other, specify [O]
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]

85

ASK IF C01 = 2
C18. Just to make sure, before we continue, can you confirm that there is no one around you over the age of
two that can overhear our conversation? If you are alone, please say yes. Alternatively, if someone over two
is listening to our call or is nearby that can hear, please say no.
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No [GO TO SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]SHOWSCREEN: [READ] Now I’m going to ask you some questions about your household specifically. Pleaseanswer as best you can and remember you can always say [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR
LOCAL FOOD”] and we will move on to the next module.
ASK IF C18 = 1 AND A06>1 (HH SIZE >1) AND [A06 – A07 >1] (so more than 1 adult in HH)
C19. When people live together in the same household, they usually share both good and bad moments.
And it is normal for people who live together to have arguments. How often in the last six months would
you say that adults in your household have argued or have had some sort of conflict among themselves?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Daily
2. Weekly
3. Monthly
4. Once or twice
5. Never98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C18 = 1 AND A06>1 (HH SIZE >1) AND [A06 – A07 >1] (so more than 1 adult in HH)
C20. Would you say COVID-19 has made conflict between adults in your household more frequent, lessfrequent or about the same?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. More frequent
2. About the same
3. Less frequent
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C18= 1
C21. In the last six months, did you ever feel unsafe in your home?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes86

2. No98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C18 = 1
C22. Would you say COVID-19 has made things better, worse or the same in terms of how safe you feel inyour home?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Better
2. Worse
3. Same98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C21 =1
C23. Why do you feel unsafe in your home?
READ ANSWERS. RESPONDENT SHOULD ANSWER ONLY WITH YES AND NO. SINGLE CODE EACH ROW
ROWS. RANDOMIZE ANSWERS
1. I have a serious medical condition or disability and feel vulnerable
2. My shelter is insecure (e.g., there are no locks)
3. I am unable to communicate/reach out for help
4. I am living with people I cannot trust
5. There is substance abuse (e.g., alcohol or drugs) in the household
6. There is physical violence in my home
7. There is verbal abuse in my home
8. Other adults in the household have hurt me
9. Other adults in the household have been hurt
10. Children in the household have been hurt
11. Something else [ANCHOR AT END]
COLUMNS
1. Yes
2. No
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C18 = 1
C24. How often, if at all, did you go out of your house in the last month?
SINGLE ANSWER

87

1. Daily
2. 2-3 times per week
3. Once a week
4. Once or twice a month
5. Never98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C18 = 1
C25. Do you still continue to see or speak with your friends and social groups?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, with the usual frequency
2. Yes, with reduced frequency
3. Yes, but rarely
4. No, not at all
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0

AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
C27. I am now going to ask you two sets of statements. For each set, please tell me how many you regard astrue. So, if I read you three statements and two are true, you would simply tell me the number “two”. I do
not need to know which statements you are specifically referring to. Before we continue, are you alone on
the phone? If you are alone, please say yes. If someone over two is listening to our call or is nearby that canhear, please say no.
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No [GO TO SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]SHOWSCREEN: [READ] Now I’m going to ask you some questions about your household specifically. Pleaseanswer as best you can and remember you can always say [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR
LOCAL FOOD”] and we will move on to the next module.
[SPLIT SAMPLE 50/50 EACH RESPONDENT RANDOMLY ASSIGNED ONE SET OF QUESTIONS C27 OR C28]ASKIF C27 = 1 AND SPLIT SAMPLE = GROUP 1
C28A. Please tell me how many of the following statements you regard as true SINCE THE ONSET OF
COVID-19:
RANDOMIZE STATEMENTS
READ OUT + WRITE IN NUMERIC 0-4

881. I have faced severe economic hardships in life
2. I want to open a new business3. I have been slapped by my husband or partner
4. I want to have children/more children
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C27=1 AND SPLIT SAMPLE = GROUP 1
C28B. Please tell me how many of the following statements you regard as true SINCE THE ONSET OF
COVID-19:
RANDOMIZE STATEMENTS
READ OUT + WRITE IN NUMERIC 0-4
1. I am jealous of my neighbor
2. My husband/partner has insulted me in front of others
3. My friends respect me
4. I feel depressed on most days
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C27=1 AND SPLIT SAMPLE = GROUP 2
C29A. Please tell me how many of the following statements you regard as true SINCE THE ONSET OF
COVID-19:
RANDOMIZE STATEMENTS
READ OUT + WRITE IN NUMERIC 0-3
1. I have faced severe economic hardships in life
2. I want to open a new business3. I want to have children/more children
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C27 =1 AND SPLIT SAMPLE = GROUP 2
C29B. Please tell me how many of the following statements you regard as true SINCE THE ONSET OF
COVID-19:
RANDOMIZE STATEMENTS
READ OUT + WRITE IN NUMERIC 0-3
1. I am jealous of my neighbor
2. My friends respect me
3. I feel depressed on most days
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] ] [ANCHOR]89

99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]SHOWSCREEN: READ Thank you for your responses so far. We just have a few more questions for you before
the end of this interview.
ASK IF C27= 1
C30. Which, if any, of the following have you or any other woman you know experienced SINCE THE START
OF COVID-19? Please listen carefully and just answer “yes” or “no”, you can also always answer “don’tknow” or “[Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”]” to move on to the next module in thesurvey.
READ ANSWERS. RESPONDENT SHOULD ANSWER ONLY WITH YES AND NO. SINGLE ANSWER EACH ROWRANDOMIZE ANSWERS
ROWS
1. Been slapped, hit, kicked, had things thrown at them, or other physical harm
2. Been yelled at, called names, humiliated
3. Had resources (like healthcare) or basic needs (like money, food, water, shelter) denied
4. Been forced to stay alone for long period of time or denied communication with other people
5. Been the subject of inappropriate jokes, suggestive comments, leering, or unwelcome touch/kisses,
COLUMNS
1. Yes
2. No
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C27 = 1
C31. Do you have any suggestions or recommendations of what we could do for women suffering fromviolence during the pandemic?
READ ANSWERS. RESPONDENT SHOULD ANSWER ONLY WITH YES AND NO. SINGLE ANSWER EACH ROW.
RANDOMIZED ANSWERS.
ROWS
1. Information about security/crime prevention
2. Access to basic needs such as shelter, food, clothing
3. Medical and financial support
4. Someone to talk to like professional mental health experts
5. Legal support or help in reporting the incident or dealing with police
6. Other, specify [O] [ANCHOR]
COLUMNS
1. Yes2. No

90

98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]

CLOSING OF INTERVIEWASK ALL.
S12.

1.
2.
98.
99.
00.

[Scripter: limit the number of the phones to 5]
And as a final question, I would like to know if you have another mobile phone number besides
the one I am calling you on? IF YES: How many other mobile phone numbers do you have?
[SINGLE ANSWER]
No / No other numbers
Yes: WRITE IN NUMBER
Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE][Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0]

ASK ALLSHOWSCREEN: READ This marks the end of the questions I have for you. We have covered many topics in thissurvey, and I would like to ask you if you have any other thoughts or questions on the topics we havediscussed? Please feel free to ask me anything and I will do my best to answer your questions.
INTERVIEWER WRITE IN ANY NOTES AS NEEDED add open end [O] not mandatory
ASK ALLSHOWSCREEN: READ Should you require information or further support with regards to these topics, kindlycall [INSERT LOCAL RESOURCES]. It’s free for everyone. You can also refer your family, friends, neighbours or
anyone who needs support.
NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: SHOULD YOU FIND A SURVIVOR WHO NEED SUPPORT, THEN REFER THEM TO[INSERT LOCAL RESOURCES]. DO NOT TRY TO COUNSEL THE SURVIVOR, BE CALM AND OPEN WITH THEM.
LISTEN CALMLY AND SEEK THEIR APPROVAL TO LINK THEM TO SOMEONE WHO CAN PROVIDE GUIDANCEAND SUPPORT TO THEM. IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO RESPECT SOMEONE’S DECISION AS TO WHETHER THEYWILL CALL THE HELPLINE OR NOT.
ASK ALLSHOWSCREEN: Thank you for your participation in this mobile phone survey. You will receive your [Scripter:
insert country specific PLACEHOLDER] airtime credit on this phone within the next 2 days.
ASK IF 00 [“POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] CHOSEN
SS0. What are currently, during COVID-19, are the top three priority needs for you and your household?
DO NOT READ ANSWERS. MULTIPLE ANSWER UP TO THREE
1. Health care
2. Food91

3. Water
4. Sanitation – Hygiene
5. Shelter and household items
6. Being sure that you can continue to live in your current place (security of tenure)
7. Education
8. Earning a living/getting an income/working
9. Safety and Security
10. Other, specify [O]
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS1
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF 00 [“POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] CHOSEN AND SS0 ASKED ON ANY QUESTION.
SS1. When would be a good time to call you back?
RECORD HH/MM/DD/MM OF CALLBACKHH/MM/DD/MMSHOW AFTER SS1.
SHOW SCREEN: Thank you, we will call you back at [HH/MM/DD/MM] you requested. Thank you again andhave a great day! [END SURVEY]92

6.2 Master questionnaire (final Phase II version)
Survey: Impact of COVID-19 on Women’s Well-being
MOBILE PHONE INTERVIEW-BASED SURVEY
Phase II post-pilot version
Screener and informed consent
ASK ALL
S0. Which language do you wish to proceed with?
READ ANSWERS, SINGLE RESPONSE
Scripter: insert country specific list
Country code
01
02
04

06
08
09

Country
Albania
Bangladesh
Colombia
Côte d'Ivoire/Ivory
Coast
JordanKyrgyzstan
Morocco10

Nigeria19

Paraguay

05

Languages
Albanian
BengaliSpanishMethodDimensions weblinks
Dimensions weblinks
Dimensions weblinks

FrenchiField CATI

ArabicRussian(RUSSIA), Kyrgyz
ArabicEnglish(SOUTH AFRICA), Yoruba, Igbo,
Hausa
SpanishDimensions weblinks
Dimensions weblinks
Dimensions weblinks
iField CATI
iField CATISHOWSCREEN Hello, my name is [INTERVIEWER’S NAME] and I am calling on behalf of Ipsos, a market
research agency, to see if you qualify for an important survey we are conducting about COVID-19 andwomen’s well-being.
ASK ALL
S3. What is your sex?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Male GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout
2. Female
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout
ASK ALL
S4.1 How old are you in years?
RECORD ANSWER NUMERICIF RESPONDENT IS UNDER 18, GO TO SHOWSCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout
ASK IF DON’T KNOW OR REF AT S4.1
S4.2 Which of the following age groups do you fall into?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Under 18 GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout
2. 18-29

93

3. 30-39
4. 40-49
5. 50-59
6. 60 or older
98. Don’t know GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout
99. Refused GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout

Scripter: recode S4.1 + S4.2 into S4_cat:
1. 18–29
2. 30–39
3. 40–49
4. 50–59
5. 60+SHOWSCREEN As I mentioned before, I am calling on behalf of Ipsos, market research agency commissioned
by a United Nations agency, UN Women. We received consent from [COUNTRY’S GOVERMENT INSTITUTION]
to undertake a study on the impact of COVID-19 on women. You have been randomly selected to potentiallyand voluntarily participate. All responses will be kept strictly confidential. The Privacy Information isaccessible at https://unwomen.ipsos.behttps://unwomen.ipsos.be
If at any point there are any questions you do not feel comfortable answering, you can choose not to answer
them. You can also stop the interview at any point. This survey will take about 20 minutes of your time.
ASK ALL
S1. Are you interested in seeing if you qualify for this survey?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No
IF NO, TRY TO ENCOURAGE THE RESPONDENT BEFORE CONCLUSIVELY ENDING THE SURVEY GO TO
SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout
DO NOT ASK IF Country=15 (Ukraine) or 04 (Colombia)
S8. What region in [COUNTRY] do you live in?
SINGLE ANSWER
Scripter: insert country specific list
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
DO NOT ASK IF Country=06 (Jordan)
ASK ALL
S9. And what district do you live in?
SINGLE ANSWER
If Country <> 04 (Colombia) Scripter: insert country specific list, filtered on answer S8
If Country = 04 (Colombia) Scripter: insert full list of districts from region_district file
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]

94

99. Refused [DO NOT READ]IF S8 IS NOT ASKED, AUTO FILL S8 BASED ON S9.
ASK IF S9 = 98 AND Country = 04 (Colombia)
ASK IF S8 AND S9 = 98 AND Country = 05 (Cote d'Ivoire)S9b. Could you then tell me instead in which municipality you live?
SINGLE ANSWER
Scripter: insert country specific list as drop down with search function
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]

AUTO FILL S8 AND S9 BASED ON S9b.
ASK ALL
S11. Great. If you don’t have any further questions we can proceed. Now we just need a bit more
information about you. Would you consider the area you live in to be urban or rural?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Urban: [DO NOT READ UNLESS RESPONDENT NEEDS GUIDANCE] such as a city or metropolitan
centre2. Rural: [DO NOT READ UNLESS RESPONDENT NEEDS GUIDANCE] town or village outside of cities inan area that has few homes and not many people
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
S2. We would like you to not use the speakerphone. Can you let me know if the speaker phone is off?
SINGLE ANSWERINTERVIEWER: IF YOU CAN HEAR THAT THE RESPONDENT IS ON SPEAKERPHONE PLEASE DOUBLE CHECK TOCONFIRM BEFORE PROCEEDING.
1. Yes
2. No GO TO S5.1
ASK IF Country = 02 (Bangladesh)S2a. And can you also please confirm that any recording device on your mobile phone is switched off?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No GO TO S5.1
ASK IF S3=2 AND RESPONDENT IS 18 OR OVER
S5. You qualify to participate in this survey! However, there are some questions in this questionnaire that
may be considered sensitive and require your concentration, so I’d like to make sure you are alone and in aquiet, private place where you will not be overheard before we start the study. Can you confirm if now is agood time?

95

SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, can proceed now GO TO SHOWSCREEN 1
2. No, GO TO S5.1
ASK IF S5 = 2 or S2=2
S5.1 Are you still interested in participating in this survey at a different time?
1. Yes GO TO S5.2
2. No, GO TO SHOWSCREEN 3
ASK IF S5.1 = 1
S5.2 When would be a good time to call you back?
RECORD HH/MM/DD/MM OF CALLBACKHH/MM/DD/MMGO TO SHOW SCREEN 2
SHOWSCREEN 1: If at any time someone comes into the room or you think you may be overheard, pleasesay [Scripter: insert “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] and we will move to a different topic. Remember you can use[Scripter: insert “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] at any time and you can tell anyone who may have overheardthat you were randomly selected to take a survey on the impacts of COVID-19.
ASK ALL
S6. Do you understand that this information is being collected by [SURVEY FIRM NAME] for UN Women so
we can better understand the needs of women in your community and to help develop responses that
improve well-being?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No
IF NO, REPEAT THE STATEMENT ‘SHOWSCREEN1’ TO THE RESPONDENT BEFORE CONCLUSIVELYENDING THE SURVEY GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY
Text to insert “We would like to understand how COVID-19 is affecting women. You have been
randomly selected to potentially participate in this survey commissioned by UN Women and yourfeedback and cooperation will be highly appreciated. The findings of the survey will be used to inform
strategies and programs aimed at supporting women during COVID-19.”00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
S7. Do you understand that your information will remain confidential and that you are able to go back to
any of your responses and change and/or ask to delete any information you provide?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No
IF NO, REPEAT THE STATEMENT ‘SHOWSCREEN1’ TO THE RESPONDENT BEFORE CONCLUSIVELYENDING THE SURVEY GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY96

Text to insert “All responses will be kept strictly confidential. If at any point there are any questions
you do not feel comfortable answering, you can choose not to answer them. You can also choose tostop the interview at any point.”
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
S12. And do you own the phone you are speaking on?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No – INTERVIEWER NOTE: IF THIS IS TRUE, PLEASE PAY ATTENTION TO ANY CUES THAT THE
RESPONDENT IS UNCOMFORTABLE
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]SHOW SCREEN2 END SURVEY
Thank you, we will call you back at [HH/MM/DD/MM] you requested. Thank you again and have a greatday!
ENTER CALL NOTES BELOW, WHO YOU SPOKE TO AND WHAT THEY SAIDSHOW SCREEN3 (SCREENOUT: IF S1 = 2 OR AGE IS UNDER 18 OR DOES NOT KNOW REGION AND ENDSURVEY)
Unfortunately, you don’t meet the criteria for this study and I won’t be able to proceed. Thank you for yourtime.
ONLY FOR IFIELD
Duplicate the quota variables (Age and Region) to both ECS and Main. Transfer the info from ECS to Main
script.

97

A. Demographics
HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITIONASK ALL
A01. What is your marital status?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Married, spouse/partner is residing with you
2. Married, spouse/partner is residing elsewhere
3. Living with partner/cohabiting Scripter: DO NOT ASK IF Country= 06 OR 09 or 02
4. Married but separated
5. Widowed
6. Divorced
7. Single (never married)
8. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
9. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]
A07. How many of the people living in your household are aged 0–17?
INTERVIEWER WRITE IN NUMERIC
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]
A08. How many of the people living in your household are men aged 18 or over?
INTERVIEWER WRITE IN NUMERIC
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
A06. How many people including yourself, live in your household?
Scripter: Range is 1-30
IF NEEDED, EXPLAIN: [By household, we mean people who have been eating from the same pot for the past
6 months]. Please ensure that the respondent has counted herself in her answer and that the answeraligns with the answers to the previous two questions (children and adult men in the household).
INTERVIEWER WRITE IN NUMBER

98

SOCIOECONOMIC INFORMATIONASK ALL
A02. What is the highest level of education that you completed?
SINGLE ANSWER

1. No formal education
2. Completed primary school
3. Completed secondary school
4. Completed technical & vocational training
5. Completed university/college
6. Completed post-graduate
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
A03. Which of the following best describes what you mainly do each day…?
SINGLE ANSWER DO NOT READ OUT

1. Work for someone else for pay
2. Work in a personal or family business activity
3. Work in own farming, raising animals or fishing mainly to sell
4. Work in own farming, raising animals or fishing mainly for family consumption
5. Take care of the home/family
6. Study
7. Unpaid apprenticeship, internship
8. Unpaid voluntary, community, charity work
9. Look for work
10. Retired or pensioner
11. With long-term illness, injury or disability
12. Other, specify [O]
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF A03 IS 5-12
A04. In addition to this, do you do any activity that generates an income, even if only for a few hours a
week?

99

SINGLE ANSWER

1. Yes
2. No
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF (A03 IS 1-4 OR A04 IS 1) AND (A01 IS 1 OR 2 OR 3)
A04_1. Would you say that the money that you earn is…
SINGLE ANSWER
1. More than what your partner earns
2. Less than what your partner earns
3. About the same
4. Not applicable, partner has no earnings [DO NOT READ]
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
A05. Do you have difficulty doing any of the following – walking, seeing (even when wearing glasses),hearing (even with hearing assistance), remembering or concentrating, self-caring or communicating?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, I have difficulties
2. No, I don’t have difficulties
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
A11. Has your household’s income changed at all since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic?
SINGLE ANSWER READ OUT

1. Yes, it has increased because of the COVID-19 pandemic
2. Yes, it has increased but not because of the COVID-19 pandemic
3. Yes, it has decreased because of the COVID-19 pandemic
4. Yes, it has decreased but not because of the COVID-19 pandemic
5. No, it has not changed
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]

100

ASK ALL
A12. During the last month, was there a time when, because of lack of money or other resources, you orothers in your household…
SINGLE ANSWER EACH ROW
ROWS
1. were worried you would not have enough food to eat?
2. were unable to eat healthy and nutritious food?
3. ate only a few kinds of food?
4. had to skip a meal?
5. ate less than you thought you should?
6. ran out of food?
7. were hungry but did not eat?
8. went without eating for a whole day?
COLUMNS
1. Yes
2. No
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]

B. Health
ASK ALL
B01. Thank you for your responses so far. I am now going to ask you some questions related to your health.
Before we begin this section, can you confirm that there is no one around you over the age of 2 that canoverhear our conversation?
1. Yes, confirmed
2. No [GO TO SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF B01=1
B02. I would now like to ask you some questions about your thoughts and feelings since the onset of the
COVID-19 situation. How often have you been bothered by the following problems since the onset of the
COVID-19 situation? Please answer with: not at all, several days, more than half the days, or nearly everyday.
SINGLE ANSWER EACH ROW
ROWS
1. Not being able to stop or control worrying
2. Having little interest or pleasure in doing things
3. Feeling down, depressed or hopeless101

COLUMNS

1. Not at all
2. Several days
3. More than half the days
4. Nearly every day
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]PN: CALCULATE SCORE BY SUMMING (NOT AT ALL * 0) + (SEVERAL DAYS * 1) + (MORE THAN HALF THE DAYS* 2) + (NEARLY EVERY DAY * 3)
ASK IF B01=1
B04. Overall, would you say your own mental or emotional health (e.g., stress, anxiety, confidence, etc.) has
been affected AS RESULT OF THE COVID-19 SITUATION?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, negatively
2. Yes, positively
3. Yes, both negatively and positively
4. No
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]

C. Safety
SHOW SCREEN INTRO_SECTION C I am now going to ask you a series of questions about issues related tosafety. These could be things that are physical, like hitting or slapping, threats, harassment, forced isolationfrom others, yelling or name-calling, or denial of access to resources. These include things that happen insideand outside your home. Kindly answer this part only if you feel confident and safe enough to do so. If at any
time you do not feel comfortable answering these questions in your current environment, please let us know
by saying [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] and we will skip to a different topic.
ASK ALL
C02. To what extent, if at all, do you feel safe when walking alone during the day in the area where youlive?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Very safe
2. Safe
3. Not very safe
4. Not safe at all
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]102

00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
C03. To what extent, if at all, do you feel safe when walking alone at night in the area where you live?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Very safe
2. Safe
3. Not very safe
4. Not safe at all
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
C04. How, if at all, has your feeling of safety while walking alone at night changed SINCE THE ONSET OF
COVID-19?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. They have not changed since the onset of COVID-19
2. I feel more safe now than before the onset of COVID-19
3. I feel less safe now than before the onset of COVID-19
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
C07. To what extent do you think that physical harm, abuse or harassment of women is a problem in thearea where you live?
REMIND RESPONDENT THAT ABUSE INCLUDES: PHYSICAL, SEXUAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL (SUCH AS
HARASSMENT), BOTH INSIDE AND OUTSIDE YOUR HOME.
1. A lot
2. Somewhat
3. A little bit
4. Not at all
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
C08. How, if at all, do you think physical harm, abuse or harassment of women in the area where you live
have changed SINCE COVID-19? REMIND RESPONDENT THAT ABUSE INCLUDES: PHYSICAL, SEXUAL,PSYCHOLOGICAL (SUCH AS HARASSMENT), BOTH INSIDE AND OUTSIDE YOUR HOME.

103

SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, increased
2. Yes, decreased
3. No, stayed the same
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]SHOWSCREEN: [READ] I would like to learn a bit more about the area where you live to understand what
type of support women need. I will tell you some short stories that are not real, but I want to get your views
on how likely you think it is that these things happen where you live. OK? [Wait for participant to agree tohearing and answering questions about the stories.][READ] [Scripter: insert Female name] and [Scripter: insert male name] are a couple. They have beenmarried for several years and have two children. [Scripter: insert male name] works in a repair shop, butlately the business has been bad, and they are worried about money. Sometimes when [Scripter: insert
male name] gets stressed, he takes out his anger by yelling at [Scripter: insert Female name], andsometimes he hits her. [Scripter: insert Female name] feels hurt and wants him to stop but does not knowwhat to do.
ASK ALL
C10. How common do you think this type of situation is for women in the area where you live?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Very common
2. Common
3. Uncommon
4. Very uncommon
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
C11. Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has made things better, worse or the same for [Scripter: insert
Female name] from this story?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Better
2. Worse
3. Same98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]

104

ASK ALL
C12. Do you think [Scripter: insert Female name] would seek help for this situation?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C12 = 1
C13. Who would [Scripter: insert Female name] most likely seek help from?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Seek help from shelter or safehouse for women
2. Seek support from family
3. Seek support from a religious leader
4. Access to women’s centres
5. Approach community leaders for support
6. Talk with friends for support or guidance
7. Call helpline
8. Call/go to police
9. Go to health facility
10. Seeking support from women’s groups /NGOs/CSOs
11. Other, specify [O]
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]SHOWSCREEN: [READ] This is the second story. [Scripter: insert Female name] is a woman. She sells goods
in a store in town, she commutes to and from the store in the morning and in the evening. [Scripter: insert
Female name] often finds herself alone in the store, especially when she is in charge of closing it at night.
Sometimes, men in the town come into the store to say things about her appearance and their desires thatare unpleasant and make her feel unsafe. Because of this, [Scripter: insert Female name] is afraid oftraveling in the evening, in case one of them may harm her.
ASK ALL
C14. How common do you think this type of situation is for women in the area where you live?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Very common
2. Common
3. Uncommon
4. Very uncommon
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]105

00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
C15. Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has made things better, worse or the same for [Scripter:
insert Female name] from this story in terms of her feelings of safety?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Better
2. Worse
3. Same98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
C16. Do you think [Scripter: insert Female name] would seek help for this situation?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C16 = 1
C17. Who would [Scripter: insert Female name] most likely seek help from?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Seek help from shelter or safehouse for women
2. Seek support from family
3. Seek support from a religious leader
4. Access to women’s centres
5. Approach community leaders for support
6. Talk with friends for support or guidance
7. Call helpline
8. Call/go to police
9. Go to health facility
10. Seeking support from women’s groups/NGOs/CSOs
11. Other, specify [O]
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]

106

ASK ALL
C18. Just to make sure, before we continue, can you confirm that there is no one around you over the age of
2 that can overhear our conversation? If you are alone, please say yes. Alternatively, if someone over the ageof 2 is listening to our call or is nearby that can hear, please say no.
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No [GO TO SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]SHOWSCREEN: [READ] Now I’m going to ask you some questions about your household specifically.
ASK IF C18 = 1 AND A06>1 (HH SIZE >1) AND [A06 – A07 >1] (so more than 1 adult in HH)
C19. When people live together in the same household, they usually share both good and bad moments.
And it is normal for people who live together to have arguments. How often in the last six months would
you say that adults in your household have argued or have had some sort of conflict among themselves?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Daily
2. Weekly
3. Monthly
4. Once or twice
5. Never98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C18 = 1 AND A06>1 (HH SIZE >1) AND [A06 – A07 >1] (so more than 1 adult in HH)
C20. Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has made conflict between adults in your household more
frequent, less frequent or about the same?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. More frequent
2. About the same
3. Less frequent
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C18= 1
C21. In the last six months, did you ever feel unsafe in your home?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes2. No

107

98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C18 = 1
C22. Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has made things better, worse or the same in terms of how
safe you feel in your home?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Better
2. Worse
3. Same98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C21 =1
C23. Why do you feel unsafe in your home?
READ ANSWERS. RESPONDENT SHOULD ANSWER ONLY WITH YES AND NO. SINGLE CODE EACH ROW
ROWS. RANDOMIZE ANSWERS
1. I have a serious medical condition or disability and feel vulnerable
2. My shelter is insecure from external threats (e.g., there are no locks on my front door)
3. I am unable to communicate/reach out for help
4. I am living with people I cannot trust
5. There is substance abuse (e.g., alcohol or drugs) in the household
6. There is physical violence or threats of physical violence in my home
7. There is verbal abuse in my home
8. Other adults in the household have hurt me
9. Other women in the household have been hurt
10. Children in the household have been hurt
11. Something else [ANCHOR AT END]
COLUMNS
1. Yes
2. No
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C18 = 1
C24. How often, if at all, did you go out of your house by yourself in the last month?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Daily108

2. 2-3 times per week
3. Once a week
4. Once or twice a month
5. Never98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF C18 = 1
C25. Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has limited your interactions with your friends and socialgroups, such as seeing or speaking to them?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, the COVID-19 pandemic has limited my interactions with friends and social groups
2. No, the COVID-19 pandemic has not limited my interactions with friends and social groups
3. It has not changed
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ONLY IF Country = 04 (Colombia)
C26. How often, if at all, in the past 12 months, has a spouse or partner pushed you, thrown something at
you that could hurt you, punched or slapped you?
1. Often
2. A few times
3. Rarely
4. Never5. Not applicable
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [“POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ONLY IF Country = 04 (Colombia)
ASK IF C26 = 1, 2, OR 3
C26.1 Did this experience happen before the onset of COVID-19, after, or both?
1. Only before
2. Only after
3. Both before and after
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [“POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]SHOW ONLY IF Country = 04 (Colombia)
ASK IF C26 = 1, 2, OR 3

109

C26.2 Has this experience changed at all as a result of the conditions of COVID-19?
1. Yes – increased
2. Yes – decreased
3. No – stayed the same
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [“POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
C27. I am now going to ask you two sets of statements. For each set, please tell me how many you regard astrue. So, if I read you three statements and two are true, you would simply tell me the number “two”. I do
not need to know which statements you are specifically referring to. I suggest that as I read thesestatements, for each one that is true put one finger up on your hand. At the end of the statements just tellme the number of fingers on your hand that are raised.
[SPLIT SAMPLE 50/50 EACH RESPONDENT RANDOMLY ASSIGNED ONE SET OF QUESTIONS C28 OR C29

110

ASKSPLIT SAMPLE = GROUP 1
C28A. Please tell me how many of the following statements you regard as true:
RANDOMIZE STATEMENTS
READ OUT + WRITE IN NUMERIC 0-4
1. I prefer [LOCAL FOOD ONE] to [LOCAL FOOD TWO]
2. I like [NAME OF WELL-KNOWN LOCAL MUSICIAN, BUT NOT ONE EVERYONE LIKES]
3. I have been slapped or hit by my husband or partner BEFORE THE ONSET OF COVID-19
4. Women in my family enjoy watching [POPULAR LOCAL SPORT].
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK SPLIT SAMPLE = GROUP 1
C28.1 INTERVIEWER PLEASE ASSESS WHETHER YOU THINK THE RESPONDENT UNDERSTOOD HOW TOANSWER THE QUESTION. FOR INSTANCE, DID THE RESPONDENT ASK FOR INSTRUCTIONS TO BE REPEATED?
DID THEY TAKE A LONG TIME TO ANSWER? DID THEY SEEM UNSURE?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, RESPONDENT UNDERSTOOD
2. No, RESPONDENT DID NOT UNDERSTAND, PLEASE REPEAT INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE CONTINUINGASK SPLIT SAMPLE = GROUP 1
C28B. Please tell me how many of the following statements you regard as true:
RANDOMIZE STATEMENTS
READ OUT + WRITE IN NUMERIC 0-4
1. People in my family have played [POPULAR LOCAL SPORT].
2. I have been slapped or hit by my husband or partner AFTER THE ONSET OF COVID-19
3. I like [NAME OF WELL-KNOWN TV SHOW, BUT NOT ONE EVERYONE LIKES]
4. I prefer [LOCAL FOOD THREE] to [LOCAL FOOD FOUR]
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK SPLIT SAMPLE = GROUP 1
C28.2 INTERVIEWER PLEASE ASSESS WHETHER YOU THINK THE RESPONDENT UNDERSTOOD HOW TOANSWER THE QUESTION. FOR INSTANCE, DID THE RESPONDENT ASK FOR INSTRUCTIONS TO BE REPEATED?
DID THEY TAKE A LONG TIME TO ANSWER? DID THEY SEEM UNSURE?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, RESPONDENT UNDERSTOOD
2. No, RESPONDENT DID NOT UNDERSTANDASK SPLIT SAMPLE = GROUP 2
C29A. Please tell me how many of the following statements you regard as true:
RANDOMIZE STATEMENTS

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READ OUT + WRITE IN NUMERIC 0-3
1. I prefer [LOCAL FOOD ONE] to [LOCAL FOOD TWO]
2. I like [NAME OF WELL-KNOWN LOCAL MUSICIAN, BUT NOT ONE EVERYONE LIKES]
3. Women in my family enjoy watching [POPULAR LOCAL SPORT].
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK SPLIT SAMPLE = GROUP 2
C29.1 INTERVIEWER PLEASE ASSESS WHETHER YOU THINK THE RESPONDENT UNDERSTOOD HOW TOANSWER THE QUESTION. FOR INSTANCE, DID THE RESPONDENT ASK FOR INSTRUCTIONS TO BE REPEATED?
DID THEY TAKE A LONG TIME TO ANSWER? DID THEY SEEM UNSURE?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, RESPONDENT UNDERSTOOD
2. No, RESPONDENT DID NOT UNDERSTAND, PLEASE REPEAT INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE CONTINUINGASK SPLIT SAMPLE = GROUP 2
C29B. Please tell me how many of the following statements you regard as true:
RANDOMIZE STATEMENTS
READ OUT + WRITE IN NUMERIC 0-3
1. People in my family have played [POPULAR LOCAL SPORT].
2. I like [NAME OF WELL-KNOWN TV SHOW, BUT NOT ONE EVERYONE LIKES]
3. I prefer [LOCAL FOOD THREE] to [LOCAL FOOD FOUR]
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] ] [ANCHOR]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK SPLIT SAMPLE = GROUP 2
C29.2 INTERVIEWER PLEASE ASSESS WHETHER YOU THINK THE RESPONDENT UNDERSTOOD HOW TOANSWER THE QUESTION. FOR INSTANCE, DID THE RESPONDENT ASK FOR INSTRUCTIONS TO BE REPEATED?
DID THEY TAKE A LONG TIME TO ANSWER? DID THEY SEEM UNSURE?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, RESPONDENT UNDERSTOOD
2. No, RESPONDENT DID NOT UNDERSTANDSHOWSCREEN: READ Thank you for your responses so far. We just have a few more questions for you before
the end of this interview.
ASK
C30. Now I’m going to ask you about some situations that you or any other women you know may haveexperienced. For each situation, please tell if you or any other women you know have experienced this only
before the start of COVID-19, only since the start of COVID-19, both before and since the start of COVID-19,
or not at all. Please listen carefully and just answer “yes” or “no” for each question I ask.

112

READ ANSWERS. MULTIPLE ANSWER EACH ROW RANDOMIZE ROWS
ROWS
1. Been slapped, hit, kicked, had things thrown at them, or other physical harm
2. Been yelled at, called names, humiliated
3. Had resources (like healthcare) or basic needs (like money, food, water, shelter) denied
4. Been forced to stay alone for long period of time or denied communication with other people
5. Been the subject of inappropriate jokes, suggestive comments, leering or unwelcome touch/kisses
COLUMNS
1. Yes, before the start of COVID-19
2. Yes, since the start of COVID-19
3. No [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]
ASK
C31. Are any of the following support services available for women in your community?
READ ANSWERS. RESPONDENT SHOULD ANSWER ONLY WITH YES AND NO. SINGLE ANSWER EACH ROW.
RANDOMIZED ANSWERS.
ROWS
1. Information about security/crime prevention
2. Access to basic needs such as shelter, food, clothing
3. Medical support
4. Someone to talk to like professional mental health experts
5. Legal support or help in reporting the incident or dealing with police
6. Financial support
COLUMNS
1. Yes
2. No
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]
CLOSING OF INTERVIEWASK ALL.
S12.

1.

[Scripter: limit the number of the phones to 5]
And as a final question, I would like to know if you have another mobile phone number besides
the one I am calling you on? IF YES: How many other mobile phone numbers do you have?
[SINGLE ANSWER]
No / No other numbers

113

2.
98.
99.
00.

Yes: WRITE IN NUMBER
Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE
Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE][Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0]

ASK ALLSHOWSCREEN: READ This marks the end of the questions I have for you. Before we close, do you haveanything else you want to say about any of the responses you shared today?
INTERVIEWER WRITE IN ANY NOTES AS NEEDED add open end [O] not mandatory
ASK ALLSHOWSCREEN: READ Should you require information or further support with regards to these topics, kindlycall [INSERT LOCAL HELPLINES]. It’s free for everyone. You can also refer your family, friends, neighbours or
anyone who needs support.
NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: SHOULD YOU FIND A SURVIVOR WHO NEED SUPPORT, THEN REFER THEM TO[INSERT LOCAL HELPLINES]. DO NOT TRY TO COUNSEL THE SURVIVOR, BE CALM AND OPEN WITH THEM.
LISTEN CALMLY AND SEEK THEIR APPROVAL TO LINK THEM TO SOMEONE WHO CAN PROVIDE GUIDANCEAND SUPPORT TO THEM. IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO RESPECT SOMEONE’S DECISION AS TO WHETHER THEYWILL CALL THE HELPLINE OR NOT.
ASK ALLSHOWSCREEN: Thank you for your participation in this mobile phone survey.
IF COUNTRY=05 (Ivory Coast): You will receive your [Scripter: insert country specific PLACEHOLDER] airtime
credit on this phone within the next 2 days.
ASK IF 00 [“POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] CHOSEN
SS0. What currently, during COVID-19, are the top three priority needs for you and your household?
DO NOT READ ANSWERS. MULTIPLE ANSWER UP TO THREE
1. Health care
2. Food
3. Water
4. Sanitation – Hygiene
5. Shelter and household items
6. Being sure that you can continue to live in your current place (security of tenure)
7. Education
8. Earning a living/getting an income/working
9. Safety and security
10. Other, specify [O]
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]ASK IF 00 [“POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] CHOSEN AND SS0 ASKED ON ANY QUESTION (SHOULD ALWAYS BE
ASKED AFTER SS0).
SS1. When would be a good time to call you back?

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RECORD HH/MM/DD/MM OF CALLBACKHH/MM/DD/MMSHOW AFTER SS1.
SHOW SCREEN: Thank you, we will call you back at [HH/MM/DD/MM] you requested. Thank you again andhave a great day! [END SURVEY]ASK IF COUNTRY = 04 (Colombia) [TEXT IN SPANISH]
Por último, permítame recordarle que la información que usted nos ha entregado será tratada de manera
confidencial, sin embargo, le agradeceríamos que usted autorizara entregar la información que usted nos
ha dado, en cuyo caso necesitaría su autorización declarada.
AUT1. ¿Autoriza la entrega de sus datos de contacto? (DIS: RU).
Si . 1
No. 2

AUT2. ¿Autoriza la entrega de sus respuestas? (DIS: RU).
Si . 1
No. 2
ASK IF COUNTRY =05 (Ivory Coast)
RC. Record completed survey info
1. Senufo
2. Dioula
3. Baoule
4. Français
ASK IF COUNTRY =19 (Paraguay)
PYLANG. Interviewer, please indicate in which language the respondent answered the questions?
1. Spanish only
2. Both Spanish and Guarani or other local language
3. Guarani or other local language (not Spanish)115

6.3 Overview of issues and observed and implemented solutions after pilot testingin Phase I
AspectIssue/question

LengthAt 30 minutes, the averageinterview length issignificantly above theenvisaged 20 minutes.
Experience has shown thatthe length decreases a bit(ca. 10%) once in the field
and the interviewers gets
more familiar with thesurvey, but this won’t beenough to bring it down to
20 minutes.
The introductory section isconsidered too long, withtoo much information, andcauses dropouts.

Proposed solutions by UN Womenand Ipsos

Implementation

Review of the intro screens toremove repeated text:- Remove text in showscreen 1 (e.g.,“All personal information provided
will be kept strictly confidential.”)that is a repetition from theintroduction.

Implemented- Remove the sentence: “And if
there are any costs to the call, youwill be reimbursed for them” fromthe intro as this raises questions
on the side of the respondent. In
principle there are no costs forthem. If the agency works withincentives (e.g., airtime), this ismentioned/explained.

Implemented

Review of the questions to decide on
possible shortening:- In A03, consider not doing singleanswer read out. That is, for theinterviewer to put answers inappropriate categories. The teamunderstands that this
implementation was not part ofthe interviewer training; hence,
they trust interviewers’
judgement on the feasibility ofthis late change.
- In B02, shorten the question to:“For each question, I will ask how
often you thought or felt a certain
way during the last month (last
30 days) - …”
- In C23, items 1 and 2 are deemed
to be of lesser priority compared
to VAW-related indicators inother options.

116

Left in, as-is, to avoid
any interviewer
mistakes (as they had
not specifically been
trained on this).
To avoid the need to go
back to local agencies
to adjust translations(because this would
take too much time), it
was decided not tochange the wording.
Items 1 and 2 have been
put on hide.

Skip one of the questions asking
whether the respondent is still in asafe position to talk. Since we haveone at the start of section C on
Safety (C01) and one in the middle ofthis section (C18), we suggest
skipping C18.

C01 has been skipped
and C18 left in

Yes, to skip one question asking
whether the respondent is still in asafe position to talk but not C18.
Preference to retain C18 and instead
skip C01. Reasons:o Prior to C01, the safety questionis already asked in B1 and only
followed with three questions in
Section B. Hence, the respondentis still (freshly) reminded of thesesafety protocols.
o If we lose C18, you would have
had 17 questions and by the time
you go to C19, which would ask
about their direct experience intheir own household, they might
have forgotten about the safety
protocols.
Recommendation: Skip C01, retain
C18.
Screener andinformed
consent

What to do when a man
picks up the phone? Men do
not qualify for the study,
there is strong preference tostop the interview as soon as
possible and not to lose
time.
Now, the gender question is
asked as the third question
after the intro.
The privacy notice is in
English only. Respondents
may not be able tounderstand the information

We suggest moving the question
about gender to appear immediately
after the question on language (S0)at the start of the interview (i.e.,
before the introduction).

Both questions havebeen moved to before
the intro.

Agree but also move the age
question immediately so we have
immediate information about
whether the respondent is a woman
aged 18 or over.
The privacy notice is to be translated
and made available in the local
survey languages.

117

Implemented

if they wish to consult theprivacy notice.
Section asociodemographic
questions

S8. What region in[COUNTRY] do you live in?

In Ukraine respondents are
unfamiliar with the regions as asked
in S8 (these also recently changed)
but know their district (as asked in
S9).

Implemented

To solve the issue, S8 can be skippedin Ukraine, being recoded on thebasis of S9.
Section c safety

C19. When people live
together in the same
household, they usuallyshare both good and bad
moments. And it is normal
for people who live together
to have arguments. How
often in the last six months
would you say that adults inyour household have argued
or have had some sort ofconflict among themselves?

We suggest adding another filter
based on A07 [How many of thepeople living in your household are
age 0–17?] or foresee the answer
option ‘not relevant’ for C19?

The filter has been
added. The same filter
has also been added to
C20 as this is a followup question on C19.

Recommending the first option
proposed – that is, to add filter.

The question is alreadyfiltered on: A06>1 (HH SIZE
>1)
But C19 is also not relevant
when a respondent is the
only adult in the householdliving with minors.

GeneralIn Ukraine, questions tocheck the safety of the
respondent were found to
be repetitive.
This was also confirmed by
the other agencies.

Given that the safety of the
respondents is crucial, we suggest
keeping them in. After reviewing,
one safety question has been
selected for removal (see above).

Agree. We need to keep the safety
questions to ensure respondents arein a safe position.
Agree to remove one safety question(see above).

118

Safety question C01
has been skipped.

General

GeneralUkraine: what are ouractions if a woman asks forhelp in solving a family
situation?

We suggest adding an interviewer
instruction in the manual: in such acase, the interviewer should respondthat she will provide information on
support centres/helplines at the endof the interview. The interviewer can
only proceed if there is reassurance
that the respondent is in a safe
situation to respond to thequestions. If not, the interview
needs to be stopped and the support
centres/helplines provided.

Added as interviewer
instruction in the
manual

Ukraine: when aninterviewer could hear thatnear a respondent there
is/are some otherperson/people, but she does
not tell them about it, whatshould an interviewer do inthis situation?

We suggest adding an interviewer
instruction in the manual: theinterviewer should re-ask if she cantalk privately and is not overheard byanyone else older than 2 years old.
The interview can only continue if
the respondent confirms she is in a
private situation.

Added as interviewer
instruction in the
manualAgree. We need to keep the safety
questions to ensure respondents arein a safe position.

Helplines

Kenya: there is need to havemore helplines. Some
respondents are requesting
more non-governmental
helplines. Asked if there is a
specific helpline that deals
with mental health andthere is an office they canwalk to and get help if
someone has been denied
access to a phone (i.e., over18 but still living withparents).

We can add more helplines/support
centres. We will check with theagency what other helplines/centres
could be added.
The Regional Advisor in East andSouthern Africa may provide
information in addition to what you
will be able to get.

119

Additional informationis added to the manualand the script6.4 Overview of issues and observed and implemented solution after pilot testing inPhase II
AspectIssue/question

Proposed solutions by UN Women and Ipsos

Implementation

GeneralAt A06, A07 and A08 inparticular, some
respondents provided awrong answer and wanted
to revise it after they had
already moved to the nextquestion. Currently the
script does not allow
interviewers to switch
back to previous screens(questions) to revise
answers. An option to go
back just to the previous
question would be helpful.

1. We would like to avoid any risk of quality
issues by having the option to go back in thesurvey. We usually do not have the option to go
back in the questionnaire because it adds to theinterview length, it can change the routing andthus questions might be skipped, and it is prone
to errors (for example, because answers
between the last and the corrected question canbe accidentally changed). We suggest adding
the option to go back only to the previous
question to revise the answer. The risks
mentioned above are not valid in this case. A
validation question can also be added after A08
in case the answer to A06 needs to be revised.
This validation question will allow theinterviewer to insert the correct number for A06
in case the respondent corrected herself in themeantime.

1. Change the order ofsurvey questions tominimize errors
Start with A07, A08,
then A06. BUT revise
A08 with:
A08. How many of thepeople living in yourhousehold are men aged
18 or over?
This is to get indicationof power dynamics
between women andmen in the household.

2. To avoid any misunderstanding that any
answers can be changed at any point during theinterview, we suggest changing S7 as follows:“S7. Do you understand that your information
will remain confidential and that you are able tochange and/or ask to delete any information
you provide?”
LengthThe main reason forrefusal was the length of
the survey. A duration of
20 minutes is mentioned
in the survey introduction,
but the average interview
length was 36 minutes(with a median of 34
minutes). The average
length was the following
in each country: Albania –40 minutes, Bangladesh –45 minutes, Colombia – 34
minutes, Jordan – 26
minutes, Kyrgyzstan – 36
minutes, Morocco – 40
minutes, Nigeria – 34
minutes, Uganda – 43

Based on our experience, the average interview
length will likely decrease in the course of
fieldwork as interviewers get more familiar with
the questionnaire. Nonetheless, the average
length of 36 minutes is almost twice as long as
the respondent is told the survey will take so if
there is any scope to remove any questions westrongly recommend that this be done. (Thechanges suggested below, for example, will
help to reduce the length and avoid dropouts
due to the duration). It is important to bear inmind that the questionnaire length has adetermining impact on the amount of timerequired for fieldwork (which was originallycalculated on the basis of as assumed length of
20 minutes) – a particularly pertinent

120

Average interview lengthof the pilot in Phase I is
30 minutes, which
eventually came down toa mean of 23-24 minutes
in the course of the
fieldwork (with theexclusion of Ukraine at
28 mins).
Let’s await the results ofthe 2nd batch of Phase IIpilot. Added in the firstcolumn.

Lengthminutes, Paraguay – 27
minutes.

consideration in the context of the hard stop
date of 24 September for data delivery.

The agencies noted thatthe introduction andscreening section felt long
and, indeed, that
respondents found it
somewhat frustrating. In
the worst cases this maderespondents disinclined tocontinue with theinterview and a few
people dropped out.

In order to reduce the time spent on introducing
the survey and avoid dropouts, we suggest
shortening the introduction:“SHOWSCREEN As I mentioned before, I am
calling on behalf of Ipsos, market research
agency. We have been commissioned by aUnited Nations agency, UN Women. We
received consent from [COUNTRY GOVT
INSTITUTION] to undertake the study. We would
like to understand how the impact of COVID-19
is affecting women. The findings of the survey
will be used to inform strategies andprogrammes aimed at supporting women
during COVID-19. You have been randomly
selected to potentially participate. All responses
will be kept strictly confidential. If you would

like to read the Privacy Information beforehand
you can access it online athttps://unwomen.ipsos.be
If at any point there are any questions you do
not feel comfortable answering, you can choose
not to answer them. You can also stop theinterview at any point. This survey will takeabout 20 minutes of your time to ask you somequestions.”

Making sure that they
have the option to not
answer or stop adhere tosafety and ethicalprotocols – which isimperative to be
included. Agree with thesuggested change withan attempt to lessen thewords:.

“SHOWSCREEN As I

mentioned before, I am
calling on behalf of Ipsos,
market research agency,
commissioned by aUnited Nations agency,
UN Women. We received
consent from [COUNTRY
GOVT INSTITUTION] toundertake a study on theimpact of COVID-19 on
women. You have been
randomly selected topotentially andvoluntarily participate.
All responses will be kept
strictly confidential. The
Privacy Information isaccessible athttps://unwomen.ipsos.
be

If at any point there are
any questions you do not
feel comfortableanswering, you canchoose not to answer
them. You can also stop
the interview at any
point. This survey willtake about 20-25
minutes of your time toask you some questions.”

121General

SafetyprotocolSeveral respondents
needed to drop out of thesurvey because theyneeded to attend children
older than 2 years andcould not leave themalone in another room.

We appreciate it is a general recommendationthat children above the age of 2 should not beable to listen to an interview related to VAW (forexample, as set out by WHO and PATH). Thatsaid, it is our understanding that thisrecommendation is primarily based on face-toface data collection. Given the safety measures
integrated in the questionnaire (for example,
that the respondent does not need to say out
loud any words that might identify the question
content, the speakerphone needs to be turnedoff, etc.) we suggest increasing the age limit tofour or five years old. This will also reduce thelikelihood that women who have children thatare older than two but that cannot be left alone
are excluded by design.

We need to follow WHO
guidelines on the age
limit; hence, it cannot be
increased beyond 2 years.

The safety protocol (interms of verifying that the
respondent cannot be
overheard, that the
speakerphone is off, andthe respondent should use
the safe word if needed)
was the most problematicelement of the pilot.
Respondents in all
countries were worried
when the measures wereintroduced and suspicious
as to what kind ofquestions they would be
asked. Respondents in
Colombia, Bangladesh andUganda wondered why
someone wanted to know
repeatedly if they werealone with regard to theirsecurity at home. In
addition, when themeasures were repeated,
respondents got irritatedand some felt they werebeing patronized.
Interviewers in Uganda
even described thereaction as “angry”. Some

We recommend mentioning each safetymeasure only once at the beginning. (During
the meeting on post phase I questionnairechanges, the TAG itself contended that it would
be sufficient to mention the measures only onceat the beginning). More specifically, we
recommend:

On the safety protocols,
below are the suggested
revisions.

1.

2.

Removing repetitions from SHOWSCREEN1
and revise the wording to: “SHOWSCREEN 1:
Participating in this survey is entirely
voluntary. If you want, you can stop theinterview at any time. If at any timesomeone comes into the room or you think
you may be overheard, please say [Scripter:
insert “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] and we will
move to a different topic. Remember you
can use [Scripter: insert “POPULAR LOCAL
FOOD”] at any time and you can tell anyone
who may have overheard that you wererandomly selected to take a survey on theimpacts of COVID-19.”(The change to “you can” may help toaddress respondents’ frustrations about
being patronised).
Shorten SHOW SCREEN INTRO_SECTION C
because the questions specify whether wewant the respondent to think of herself or
women in the area where she lives. Also, thelisted issues are not all of a physical nature

122

We also note that thisobservation was only
raised in Phase II pilot.
This provides us limited
basis to increasing theage limit. Also, if the aim
is mainly to reduce
dropouts, the ethicaland safety
considerations which are
the foremost
consideration of the age
limit remains the highest
priority.

On the use of the safety
word, it is beyond ourcontrol how respondents
will use it. But what iswithin our control isinterviewers
documenting theseobservations to informthe survey tools as aresult of this multicountry study. At the
moment, theinterviewers in Colombia
and Kyrgyzstan havedone an excellent job in
observing andrecommending.
1.

Agree with theproposedrevision, thequalifier onvoluntary
participation has
been
incorporated inrespondents dropped out
because of the repetitions.

(Given the sensitivity of the section though,we suggest retaining the reminder of thesafe word on this screen):“I am now going to ask you a series ofquestions about issues related to safety.
These could be things that are physical likehitting or slapping, intimidation or threats,
harassment, stalking, forced isolation fromothers, yelling or name-calling restriction of
movement, or denial of access to resources.
These include things that happen insideand outside your home. Please answer
based on your knowledge of theexperiences of you and other women in thearea where you live. Kindly answer this part
only if you feel confident and safe enoughto do so. If at any time you do not feel
comfortable answering these questions inyour current environment, please let us
know by saying [Scripter: insert country
specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] and wewill skip to a different topic.”

The popular local food was
rarely used even whensomeone entered theroom (because
respondents did not feelthe need to use it) and
respondents in Colombia
and Kyrgyzstan inparticular used it as a way
to drop out of the survey
without appearing
impolite or having to state
explicitly why they didn’t
want to continue.

3.

Remove B01. “I am now going to ask you
some questions related to your health.
Before we begin this section, can you
confirm that there is no one around you
over the age of 2 that can overhear ourconversation?”

4.

Remove C18.

5.

Remove reminder of popular local food:“SHOWSCREEN: [READ] Now I’m going to
ask you some questions about yourhousehold specifically. Please answer asbest you can. and remember you can always
say [Scripter: insert country specific“POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] and we will moveon to the next module.”

6. Remove question on privacy from C27: “I am
now going to ask you two sets ofstatements. For each set, please tell me how
many you regard as true. So, if I read you
three statements and two are true, you
would simply tell me the number “two”. I do
not need to know which statements you are
specifically referring to. Before we continue,
are you alone on the phone? If you arealone, please say yes. If someone over two is123

the introductoryshowscreen.
2.

Agree with theproposedrevisions toshorten.

3.

Modify andshorten B01 as
this is the firstmention of theage limit ofchildren.

4.

Retain since thelast time we
mentioned theage limit is in
B01.

5.

OK to remove it
as this was last
mentioned prior
to C02.

6. OK to remove;also, to minimize
confusionconsidering how
complicated list
randomisation

listening to our call or is nearby that canhear, please say no.”7.

Safetyprotocol

Section c:safetyRemove reminder of popular local foodfrom C30: “C30. Now I’m going to ask you
about some situations that you or any other
women you know may have experienced.
For each situation, please tell if you or any
other women you know have experienced
this only before the start of COVID-19, only
since the start of COVID-19, both before andsince the start of COVID-19, or not at all.
Please listen carefully and just answer “yes”
or “no” for each question I ask. You can also
always answer “don’t know” or “[Scripter:
insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL
FOOD”]” to move on to the next module inthe survey.”

The Bangladesh
representative noted that
it is common for people
there to have an app
installed on their phonethat automatically records
all calls. The interviewers
were unsure as to whether
or not they should proceedwith an interview in suchcases and/or ask the
respondent to turn off therecording device.

We suggest adding a question S2a after S2 inthe countries where such apps are used: "Andcan you also please confirm that any recording
device on your mobile phone is switching off?"
Yes/No. If the answer is "no" or the respondent
does not know how to stop the recording, theinterview would not proceed.

C25. Do you still continue
to see or speak with yourfriends and social groups
in the last month?

Do we want to measure impacts of thepandemic here OR whether women generally
are speaking to friends/family from a
psychological control perspective? If the former,
keep the codes change the question (remove “inthe last month”?). If the latter, change the codes
to be similar to C24 and reformulate thequestion. Perhaps reformulate C25 to be similar
to C24 and then add follow-up question on theimpact of COVID.

We checked this issue with all other countries.
The use of such devices was consistently
reported to be very uncommon (or nonexistent). Indeed, some of the country teams
felt that referring to such devices in thequestionnaire may cause respondents
unnecessary alarm or raise suspicion, andultimately could serve to discourage
participation.

124

questionsalready are.

7. OK to remove.

Excellent additional layerof safety protocol!
Question to Ipsos: Asidefrom Bangladesh, which
other countries will thisadditional layer be
added?
>>> Based on latest
response from Ipsos, thiswill only be done in
Bangladesh consideringthat this is quite
common in the country.

This was not included in
the pilot but based on
discussions with Ipsos,
the question – asprovided below – will be
included in the final
version of thequestionnaire:"Would you say thesituation of COVID-19
has limited yourinteractions with yourfriends and social

groups, such as seeing or
speaking to them? "It was observed that C25
assumes the respondent
has friends and a socialgroup to talk to and/or
meet. On a separate
matter, interviewers felt it
was unclear in which cases
the option "No, it has notchanged" should be used
(i.e. whether it should bein cases where therespondent does not havefriends or a social group,and so the question is notapplicable), or if theirsituation has not changed.

We recommend changing the option to "It has
not changed" which is applicable in bothsituations (no friends/social group and nochange).

Agree with the proposal.

On reflection, the Ipsos
project team entirely
agrees that the option is
confusing.
Section c:safetyIn Colombia, C26, C26.1
and C26.2 did not prove
too sensitive or otherwise
problematic. Interviewers
felt the questions were
well-placed (following theindirect questions on theexperience of violence).
Some respondents
lowered their voice, went
to another room, and/or
took a longer time toanswer the questions –but they all answeredthem and sometimes
talked a bit more about acertain situation. No one
refused or indicated “don’tknow” - this despite thefact that five respondents
said they had experienced
the treatment described.

We suggest retaining these questions formainstage fieldwork.

Excellent observations
and documentation ofinterviewers in
Colombia! We strongly
encourage that thispractice be sustained on
the survey operations
proper – particularly
documenting thereactions, behaviour,
responses of women in
C26, C26.1, and C26.2.

Section c:safetyC27. I am now going to ask
you two sets ofstatements. For each set,

Add to instructions here: “As I read thesestatements, for each one that is true put one
finger up on your hand. At the end of theAgree with the revision.

125Section c:safetyplease tell me how many
you regard as true. So, if I
read you three statements
and two are true, you
would simply tell me thenumber “two”. I do notneed to know whichstatements you are
specifically referring to.

statements please just tell me only the numberof fingers on your hand that are raised”

In Colombia andKyrgyzstan, the list
randomization exercise(C28A, C28B, C29A, C29B)
was not clear to all
respondents and the
instructions or specificitems needed to berepeated.

Looking at the interviewer assessment, between
5 and 10% of respondents did not understandhow to answer the questions. This number issatisfactory given that interviewers repeat the
instructions if they are not understood. With
time, interviewers will improve the way they are
explaining these questions because they will be
more and more aware of any additional
explanation that might be needed. We do notsuggest any changes to the questions. Also see
row above.
(% of respondents that did not understand:C28.1 = 10%, C28.2 = 8%, C29.1 = 10%, C29.2 = 5%)

No change in thequestion. But
improvement in theinterviewer instructions
can be done, following asuggestion – that is, “byyourself, raise a finger
every time a statement istrue. Then at the end,
they will be asked how
many fingers are up.”
Consequently, this needs
to be incorporated not
only in the questionnaire
but also on theinterviewer manual.

Section c:safetyIn Kyrgyzstan, some
women who were
single/living alone were
irritated by the statement
concerning whether ahusband or partner had
slapped or hit her (C28A
and C28B).

No action. While the statement may not beapplicable to some women at the time of theinterview, it is possible that these women havebeen in a partnership during the time frame
being asked about.

No change. Recallingthat there was an earlier
suggestion in Phase I tohave a filter that this be
asked only among those
who havespouses/partners.
However, in Phase II,
there was concern about
how to capture those
who were in partnership
before COVID-19 and not
anymore during theonset of COVID-19, as thereference period in C28A
already covers theformer.

Section c:safetyC30. Now I’m going to ask
you about some situations
that you or any other
women you know may
have experienced. For each

Code “Yes, before and since the start of COVID19” can be removed because the question ismulti-code.

Yes – to remove “Yes,before and since thestart of COVID-19”. So,
the choices will be:126

situation, please tell if youor any other women you
know have experienced
this only before the startof COVID-19, only since thestart of COVID-19, both
before and since the startof COVID-19, or not at all.
Please listen carefully andjust answer “yes” or “no”
for each question I ask.
You can also always
answer “don’t know” or“[Scripter: insert country
specific “POPULAR LOCAL
FOOD”]” to move on to thenext module in the survey.

-

Before the startof COVID-19(Y/N, Don’tknow, Refused)-

Since the start of
COVID-19 (Y/N,
Don’t know,
Refused)-Popular local
food

Section c:safetyC31. Are any of thefollowing support services
available for women inyour community?

Do we want to know if these services areavailable generally or specifically “for womenthat may have experienced things like wediscussed in the previous question”?

Keep it general, as things
that were discussed
before tackled manydifferent issues.

Section c:safetyC31. Item “Other, specify”

Remove this option

Agree

GeneralUganda: Item “Medical
and financial support”

We suggest splitting this item into two to have“medical support” and “financial support”
separately.

Agree to split the two.

We recommend rephrasing the question to
reduce the likelihood of the respondent going
off-topic: "This marks the end of the questions I
have for you. Before we close, do you haveanything else you want to say about any of theviews or experiences you have talked about
today?"“…any of the views orexperiences…” may stillencourage long response
and may inadvertently
go beyond the scope of
the interview [today].
Hence, below is thesuggested more
restrictive language
limiting only to their“responses.”

Some respondents were
unclear as to whether wewere asking about“medical and financial
support”, or “medical or
financial support”. They
had one but not both.
GeneralThe closing, ‘informal’question at the end of thequestionnaire (after S12)
sometimes put
interviewers in a difficult
situation as it resulted in
respondent talking (often
at quite some length)
about off-topic issues orasking for advice beyond
what the interviewer rolerequires. In a small
number of cases this"This marks the end of
the questions I have for127added significantly to theinterview length.

Helplines

At the moment, we display
a maximum of three
helplines per country. For
some countries, we
received more helplines
from UN Women,
including helplines for
specific regions or cities.
Several countries notedthat providing websites
was too much information
for a phone call and would
have overburdened
respondents.

you. Before we close, do
you have anything else
you want to say about
any of the responses you
shared today?"We recommend not giving more than three
helplines to the respondent because it will bedifficult for her to remember all. We do notwant to overburden her with information.
1. We recommend prioritising the national
helplines over regional helplines in the script.
Interviewers will be equipped with an overview
of additional national as well as the regional
helplines in case the respondent asks for either.
2. We suggest to not mention a website (unlessthe respondent asks about it).

1. We provided local
helplines for Phase II as it
was agreed that once
respondents provide
responses to S8 and S9,interviewers (or the
script) will be able tofilter the local and most
relevant information on
services closest to the
respondent. We
understand and canshow regional phone
numbers if we havethem. We are verifying
which regional helplines
we can match to S8 or S9
and will give you an
update on that later
today during thequestionnaire
finalisation call. But wesuggest to not provide
more than three
helplines. >>> Agree on
the last statement tolimiting to three
helplines but localizedbased on S8 or S9.
2. OK on not mentioning
the website too – justphone numbers.

Screener

Colombia and Côte
d'Ivoire: Some respondents
did not know their region(S8) and district (S9). In
Colombia, region is almost
not known at all. But theywould know theirmunicipality.

We will ask for the municipality in the eventthat respondents do not know their region anddistrict. And we will hide S8 (region) in
Colombia. Based on the municipality, we will beable to auto fill S8 and S9.

128

OK.

Language

Section a:demograp
hics

Paraguay: Interviewers
noted that some
respondents might wantto provide their answer in
Guarani. Even if everyone
in Paraguay speaks
Spanish, some might feel
more comfortableproviding answers in
Guarani or naturally mix
both languages. For thepilot, respondents could
answer in Guarani, butinterviewers were
instructed to read out thequestions in Spanish toensure questions are
asked in the same way,using the same wording,to all respondents. On
further reflection, it might
have been useful to alsotranslate thequestionnaire into
Guarani.

At this stage, we cannot add another language
and suggest the team proceed as they did forthe pilot: Read questions in Spanish and allow
answers in Guarani. With the answer options
we provide (which are mainly yes or no) we donot see a risk of quality issues here. We will add
a question at the end of the questionnaire forinterviewers to indicate whether the full survey
was done in Spanish or answers were given in
Guarani. This way we can compare answer
patterns.

A01. What is your marital
status?

The spouse might not live permanently with the respondent. Both options(living together and not living together) should be reflected in the answer
options. Please split answer option “married” as follows:

The remark was made by interviewers and thepilot interviews were done in Spanish. If duringmainstage the team identifies a need for asurvey version in Guarani, we will certainly
include this as a recommendation in thetechnical report.

1. Married - spouse/ partner is residing with you.
2. Married - spouse/ partner is residing elsewhere.
Section a:demograp
hics

A09. The head ofhousehold is the person
who makes most of thedecisions and generally is
the main earner of thehousehold. Including
yourself: Who do you
consider to be the head ofyour household?

Remove question

Section a:demograp
hics

A10.1 Which of thefollowing best describes
how you see yourhousehold’s living
standard?

Remove question

129

Question to Ipsos: Out of
the 10 pilot respondents
as of 11 August, howmany have indicatedpreference to only
responding in Guarani?
None. We will request aregular update from thefield team this during
fieldwork so we have an
idea to which extent
interviews might nothave taken placebecause of a language
barrier.
But generally, OK with
the Ipsos
recommendation.

6.5 Training deck
The training deck is provided separately in PowerPoint format.

6.6 Manual
The interviewers’ manual is provided separately.

6.7 Country sampling plans
Cameroon

SampleNationally representative sample of women aged 18+

Sample size

N= 1,200 completes

Mode

Computer-assisted telephone interviews

Language(s)French, Fulfulde and Pidgin

Target population(s)Women aged 18+

Sampling•

Random probability sampling with monitoring of quota on age and region•

Mobile sample frame generated via random-digital dialling• Statistical source(s) used for population date:
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2019.
World Population Prospects 2019, Online Edition. Rev. 1.
https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Interpolated/
Bureau Central des Recensements et des Études de Population : Résultats du 3ème
RGPH - Projections Démographiques - Rapports National sur l'État de la Population
http://www.bucrep.cm/index.php/fr/recensements/3eme-rgph/resultats/47-3emergph/volume-ii--analyses-thematiques/140-principaux-indicateur-etat-et-structure

Sample composition

100% Mobile(business lines are excluded from the frame before sample selection begins)
The sample mirrors the telephone database distribution by provider:
Provider frame size
MTN Cameroon
15,000,000
Nextel
10,000,000
Orange Cameroon
15,000,000
Total
40,000,000

Accessibility and coverage~75%.
Frame coverage is ~98%. However, only mobile phones owned by women or to which
women have access too are eligible to participate. This is screened for at the start ofthe interview.

Frame size

Mobile subscriptions 2018: 18,455,836

Mobile phone sampling
frame

•

Mobile sample frame generated via RDD•

Includes only mobile providers which are used for residential services.

•

The mobile sample is sorted by amount of allocated numbering blocks.

130

•

Gross sample size

Starting blocks are provided by telecommunication authorities. In this case, themobile phone numbers are of a length of nine digits, of which the first three
digits indicate the service-provider. All cell numbers are used and subdivided
into blocks of 100 numbers each, and each block is enriched by random digits inorder to create a seed. The last two digits are randomized.

1:20 oversampling factor @ 25,000 numbers

Kenya

SampleNationally representative sample of women aged 18+

Sample size

N= 1,200 completes

Mode

Computer-assisted telephone interviews

Language(s)SwahiliTarget population(s)Women aged 18+

Sampling•

Random probability sampling with monitoring of quota on age and region•

Mobile sample frame generated via random-digital dialling•

Statistical source(s) used for population date:

Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. 2019. Kenya Population and Housing Census
https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-censusvolume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county

Sample composition

100% Mobile(business lines are excluded from the frame before sample selection begins)
The sample mirrors the telephone database distribution by provider:
Provider frame size
Airtel Networks
37,000,000
Jamii Telecoms
1,000,000
Safaricom
54,000,000
Telkom Kenya
11,000,000
Total
103,000,000

Accessibility and coverage~68.2%.
Frame coverage is ~98%. However, only mobile phones owned by women or towhich women have access too are eligible to participate. This is screened for at thestart of the interview.

Frame size

Mobile subscriptions 2018: 49,501,430

Mobile phone sampling
frame

•

Mobile sample frame generated via RDD•

Includes only mobile providers which are used for residential services•

The mobile sample is sorted by amount of allocated numbering blocks.

•

Starting blocks are provided by telecommunication authorities. In this case, themobile phone numbers are of a length of nine digits, of which the first three131

digits indicate the service-provider. All mobile numbers are used andsubdivided into blocks of 100 numbers each, and each block is enriched byrandom digits in order to create a seed. The last two digits are randomized.
Gross sample size

1:20 oversampling factor @ 25,000 numbers

ThailandSampleNationally representative sample of women aged 18+

Sample size

N= 1200 completes

Mode

Computer-assisted telephone interviews

Language(s)ThaiTarget population(s)Women aged 18+•

Sampling

Random probability sampling with monitoring of quota on age and region• Mobile sample frame generated via random-digital dialling
Statistical source(s) used for population date: NSO Thailand. 2020. Number ofPopulation from Registration by Age, Sex and Province: 2020.
http://statbbi.nso.go.th/staticreport/page/sector/en/01.aspx

Sample composition

100% Mobile(business lines are excluded from the frame before sample selection begins)
The sample mirrors the telephone database distribution by provider:
Provider frame size
AIS GSM (Advanced Info Service PLC)
116,900,000
DTAC (Total Access Communications Co.)69,700,000
MY (by CAT)
10,600,000
TOT Mobile
7,200,000
True Move
40,300,000
Total
244,700,000

Accessibility and coverage~95.4%. Frame coverage is ~97%. However, only mobile phones owned by women or
to which women have access too are eligible to participate. This is screened for at
the start of the interview.

Frame size

Mobile subscriptions 2018: 125,098,000•

Mobile sample frame generated via RDD•

Includes only mobile providers which are used for residential services•

The mobile sample is sorted by amount of allocated numbering blocks.

Mobile phone sampling
frame

•

Starting blocks are provided by telecommunication authorities. In this case, themobile phone numbers are of a length of nine digits, of which the first three
digits indicate the service-provider. All cell numbers are used and subdivided
into blocks of 100 numbers each, and each block is enriched by random digits
in order to create a seed. The last two digits are randomized.

Gross sample size

1:20 oversampling factor @ 25,000 numbers

132

Ukraine
SampleNationally representative sample of women aged 18+

Sample size

N= 1200 completes

Mode

Computer-assisted telephone interviews

Language(s)Ukrainian, Russian

Target population(s)Women aged 18+

Sampling•

Random probability sampling with monitoring of quota on age and region•

Mobile sample frame generated via random-digital dialling

Statistical source(s) used for population date: State Statistics Service of Ukraine.
2020. Resident population of Ukraine on January 1, 2020.
https://ukrstat.org/en/druk/publicat/kat_u/2020/zb/06/roz_nas20.pdf
https://ukrstat.org/en/druk/publicat/kat_e/publnasel_e.htm

Sample composition

100% Mobile(business lines are excluded from the frame before sample selection begins)
The sample mirrors the telephone database distribution by provider:
Provider frame size
3Mob
10,000,000
Intertelecom
10,000,000
Kyivstar
50,000,000
Lifecell
30,000,000
Telesystems of Ukraine
10,000,000
Vodafone Ukraine
40,000,000
Total
150,000,000

Accessibility and coverage~96.5%.
Frame coverage is 100%. However, only mobile phones owned by women or towhich women have access too are eligible to participate. This is screened for at thestart of the interview.

Frame size

Mobile subscriptions 2019: 54,842,900•

Mobile sample frame generated via RDD•

Includes only mobile providers which are used for residential services•

The mobile sample is sorted by amount of allocated numbering blocks.

Mobile phone sampling
frame

•

Starting blocks are provided by telecommunication authorities. In this case, thecell phone numbers are of a length of nine digits, of which the first three digits
indicate the service-provider. All cell numbers are used and subdivided into
blocks of 100 numbers each, and each block is enriched by random digits inorder to create a seed. The last two digits are randomized.

Gross sample size

1:20 oversampling factor @ 25,000 numbers

1336.8 Dropout rates per question (Phase I)
Question

Question text

Total

35

Dropout rate35

No. of participants dropped out

7.14%

377

S9

And what district do you live in?

1.02%

54

S11

Would you consider the area you live in tobe urban or rural?

0.83%

44

A01

What is your marital status?

0.40%

21

A02

What is the highest level of educationthat you completed?

0.23%

12

A03

Which of the following best describes
what you mainly do each day...?

0.23%

12

A04

In addition to this, do you do any activity
that generates an income, even if only fora few hours a week?

0.08%

4

A05

Do you have difficulty doing any of thefollowing – walking, seeing (even when
wearing classes), hearing (even withhearing assistance), remembering orconcentrating, self-caring orcommunicating?

0.06%

3

A06

How many people including yourself, livein your household?

0.25%

13

A07

How many of the people living in yourhousehold are age 0–17?

0.09%

5

A08

How many of the people living in yourhousehold are elderly, aged 65 or over?
Please include yourself, if that is
appropriate.

0.06%

3

A09

Who do you consider to be the head ofyour household?

0.13%

7

A10

What was the monthly income of yourhousehold BEFORE COVID-19?

0.28%

15

A11

Has this changed at all in the past year?

0.15%

8

A12

During the last month, was there a time
when, because of lack of money or otherresources, you or others in yourhousehold…

0.42%

22

The percentage is based on the sum of those who completed the survey and those who dropped out.

134

Question

Question text

Dropout rate35

No. of participants dropped out

B01

Before we begin this section, can you
confirm that there is no one around you
over the age of 2 that can overhear ourconversation?

0.21%

11

B02

For each question, I will ask how often
you thought or felt a certain way – pleaseanswer with never, almost never,sometimes, fairly often, or very often. In
the last month, how often did you feel…

0.51%

27

0.04%

2

0.04%

2

0.09%

5

C03

To what extent, if at all, do you feel safe
when walking alone in the area where
you live at night?

0.06%

3

C05

Discrimination happens when you aretreated less favourably compared toothers or harassed because of your sex,age, disability, socioeconomic status,
place of residence, political opinion, or any
other characteristics. Have you personallyexperienced any form of discrimination
against you SINCE COVID-19?

0.11%

6

C06

Do you feel that discrimination, prejudiceor racism in the area where you live havechanged SINCE THE ONSET OF COVID-19?

0.08%

4

C07

To what extent do you think that
violence, abuse or harassment are a
problem in the area where you live?

0.09%

5

C08

How, if at all, do you think physical harm,abuse or harassment in the area where
you live have changed SINCE COVID-19?

0.08%

4

B03

B04

C02

Thinking about these topics I've
mentioned, would you say the COVID-19
situation has made these difficulties
better, worse or the same?
Overall, would you say your own mental
or emotional health (e.g., stress, anxiety,confidence, etc.) has been affected AS A
RESULT OF COVID-19?
To what extent, if at all, do you feel safe
when walking alone in the area where
you live during the day?

135

Question

Question text

Dropout rate35

No. of participants dropped out

C09

Have you personally experienced physicalharm or threats of physical harm, abuseor harassment specifically by the police or
security agents in the context of
implementing restrictions to respond to
COVID-19 (movement restriction, curfew,
closure of certain premises)?

0.04%

2

C10

How common do you think this story is
for women in the area where you live?

0.23%

12

C11

Would you say COVID-19 has made things
better, worse or the same for [Scripter:
insert Female name] from this story?

0.09%

5

C12

Do you think [Scripter: insert Femalename] would seek help for this situation?

0.08%

4

C14

How common do you think this story is
for women in the area where you live?

0.06%

3

C15

Would you say COVID-19 has made things
better, worse or the same for [Scripter:
insert Female name] from this story interms of her feelings of safety?

0.06%

3

C16

Do you think [Scripter: insert Femalename] would seek help for this situation?

0.02%

1

C17

Who would [Scripter: insert Femalename] most likely seek help from?

0.06%

3

C18

Just to make sure, before we continue,
can you confirm that there is no one
around you over the age of 2 that canoverhear our conversation?

0.21%

11

C19

When people live together in the same
household, they usually share both goodand bad moments. And it is normal for
people who live together to havearguments. How often in the last six
months would you say that adults in yourhousehold have argued or have had some
sort of conflict among themselves?

0.08%

4

C20

Would you say COVID-19 has madeconflict between adults in yourhousehold more frequent, less frequentor about the same?

0.06%

3

136

Question

Question text

Dropout rate35

No. of participants dropped out

C21

In the last six months, did you ever feelunsafe in your home?

0.08%

4

C22

Would you say COVID-19 has madethings better, worse or the same in termsof how safe you feel in your home?

0.02%

1

C24

How often, if at all, did you go out of yourhouse in the last month?

0.02%

1

C25

Do you still continue to see or speak withyour friends and social groups?

0.02%

1

C27

If you are alone, please say yes. If
someone over two is listening to our callor is nearby that can hear, please say no.

0.06%

3

C28A

Please tell me how many of the following
statements you regard as true SINCE THE
ONSET OF COVID-19:

0.08%

4

C30

Which, if any, of the following have youor any other woman you know
experienced SINCE THE START OF
COVID-19?

0.09%

5

C31

Do you have any suggestions or
recommendations of what we could do
for women suffering from violence
during the pandemic?

0.09%

5

S12

And as a final question, I would like toknow if you have another mobile phone
number besides the one I am calling you
on? IF YES: How many other mobile
phone numbers do you have?

0.19%

10

137

6.9 Dropout rates per question (Phase II)
Question

Question text

Total
S11
A01

A07_ASK

Great. If you don’t have any further
questions we can proceed. Now we justneed a bit more information about you.
What is your marital status?
Would you consider the area you live in tobe urban or rural?
How many of the people living in yourhousehold are aged 0-17?

Dropout rate36

No. of participants dropped out

14.97%

2033

1.49%

202

1.51%

205

0.82%

111

A08_ASKHow many of the people living in yourhousehold are men aged 18 or over?

0.42%

57

A06

How many people including yourself, livein your household?

0.64%

87

A02

What is the highest level of education thatyou completed?

0.40%

54

A03

Which of the following best describes what
you mainly do each day…?

0.40%

54

A04

In addition to this, do you do any activity
that generates an income, even if only for a
few hours a week?

0.14%

19

A04_1

Would you say that the money that you
earn is…

0.10%

13

A05

Do you have difficulty doing any of thefollowing – walking, seeing (even when
wearing glasses), hearing (even withhearing assistance), remembering orconcentrating, self-caring, orcommunicating?

0.33%

45

A11

Has your household’s income changed at
all since the onset of the COVID-19
pandemic?

0.32%

44

A12

During the last month, was there a time
when, because of lack of money or otherresources, you or others in yourhousehold…

1.14%

155

Thank you for your responses so far. I am
0.33%
45
now going to ask you some questions
related to your health. Before we begin thissection, can you confirm that there is no36
The percentage is based on the sum of those who completed the survey and those who dropped out.
one around you over the age of two thatcan overhear our conversation?
B01

138

Question

Question text

Dropout rate36

No. of participants dropped out

B02

I would now like to ask you some questions
about your thoughts and feelings since theonset of the COVID-19 situation. How often
have you been bothered by the following
problems since the onset of the COVID-19
situation? Please answer with: not at all,several days, more than half the days, ornearly every day.

1.23%

167

B04

Overall, would you say your own mental oremotional health (e.g., stress, anxiety,confidence etc.) has been affected AS A
RESULT OF THE COVID-19 SITUATION?

0.28%

38

C02

To what extent, if at all, do you feel safe
when walking alone during the day in thearea where you live?

0.56%

76

C03

To what extent, if at all, do you feel safe
when walking alone at night in the area
where you live?

0.23%

31

C04

How, if at all, has your feeling of safety
while walking alone at night changed
SINCE THE ONSET OF COVID-19?

0.25%

34

C07

To what extent do you think that physicalharm, abuse, or harassment of women is aproblem in the area where you live?

0.26%

35

C08

How, if at all, do you think physical harm,abuse, or harassment of women in the area
where you live have changed SINCECOVID-19

0.21%

29

0.47%

64

C11

Would you say the situation of COVID-19
has made things better, worse or the samefor [Scripter: insert Female name] from thisstory?

0.17%

23

C12

Do you think [Scripter: insert Female name]would seek help for this situation?

0.14%

19

C10

How common do you think this type of
19?
situationis for women in the area where
you live?

139

Question

Question text

Dropout rate36

No. of participants dropped out

C13

Who would [Scripter: insert Female name]most likely seek help from?

0.17%

23

C14

How common do you think this type ofsituation is for women in the area where
you live?

0.35%

47

C15

Would you say the situation of COVID-19
has made things better, worse or the samefor [Scripter: insert Female name] from thisstory in terms of her feelings of safety?

0.22%

30

C16

Do you think [Scripter: insert Female name]would seek help for this situation?

0.09%

12

C17

Who would [Scripter: insert Female name]most likely seek help from?

0.13%

17

C18

Just to make sure, before we continue, canyou confirm that there is no one around
you over the age of 2 that can overhear ourconversation? If you are alone, please say
yes. Alternatively, if someone over two islistening to our call or is nearby that canhear, please say no.

0.07%

10

C19

When people live together in the same
household, they usually share both goodand bad moments. And it is normal for
people who live together to havearguments. How often in the last six
months would you say that adults in yourhousehold have argued or have had some
sort of conflict among themselves?

0.35%

48

C20

Would you say the situation of COVID-19
has made conflict between adults in yourhousehold more frequent, less frequent or
about the same?

0.09%

12

C21

In the last six months, did you ever feelunsafe in your home?

0.09%

12

C22

Would you say the situation of COVID-19
has made things better, worse or the samein terms of how safe you feel in your
home?

0.10%

13

140

Question

Question text

Dropout rate36

No. of participants dropped out

C23

Why do you feel unsafe in your home?

0.13%

17

C24

How often, if at all, did you go out of yourhouse by yourself in the last month?

0.14%

19

C25

Would you say the situation of COVID-19
has limited your interactions with yourfriends and social groups, such as seeing or
speaking to them?

0.11%

15

C28A_ASK

Please tell me how many of the following
statements you regard as true:
1. I prefer [LOCAL FOOD ONE] to [LOCAL
FOOD TWO]
2. I like [NAME OF WELL-KNOWN LOCALMUSICIAN, BUT NOT ONE EVERYONE LIKES]
3. I have been slapped or hit by my husband
or partner BEFORE THE ONSET OF COVID-19
4. Women in my family enjoy watching[POPULAR LOCAL SPORT].

0.15%

21

C28B_ASK

Please tell me how many of the following
statements you regard as true:
1. People in my family have played[POPULAR LOCAL SPORT].
2. I have been slapped or hit by myhusband or partner AFTER THE ONSET OF
COVID-19
3. I like [NAME OF WELL-KNOWN TV SHOW,
BUT NOT ONE EVERYONE LIKES]
4. I prefer [LOCAL FOOD THREE] to [LOCAL
FOOD FOUR]

0.07%

9

C28_2

INTERVIEWER: PLEASE ASSESS WHETHERYOU THINK THE RESPONDENTUNDERSTOOD HOW TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION. FOR INSTANCE, DID THE
RESPONDENT ASK FOR INSTRUCTIONS TO
BE REPEATED? DID THEY TAKE A LONG
TIME TO ANSWER? DID THEY SEEMUNSURE?

0.01%

1

C29A_ASK

Please tell me how many of the following
statements you regard as true:

0.12%

16

141

Question

Question text

Dropout rate36

No. of participants dropped out

C29_1

INTERVIEWER: PLEASE ASSESS WHETHERYOU THINK THE RESPONDENTUNDERSTOOD HOW TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION. FOR INSTANCE, DID THE
RESPONDENT ASK FOR INSTRUCTIONS TO
BE REPEATED? DID THEY TAKE A LONG
TIME TO ANSWER? DID THEY SEEMUNSURE?

0.01%

1

C29B_ASK

Please tell me how many of the following
statements you regard as true:
1. People in my family have played[POPULAR LOCAL SPORT].
2. I like [NAME OF WELL-KNOWN TV SHOW,
BUT NOT ONE EVERYONE LIKES]
3. I prefer [LOCAL FOOD THREE] to [LOCAL
FOOD FOUR]
98. Don’t know
99. Refused

0.04%

6

C29_2

INTERVIEWER: PLEASE ASSESS WHETHERYOU THINK THE RESPONDENTUNDERSTOOD HOW TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION. FOR INSTANCE, DID THE
RESPONDENT ASK FOR INSTRUCTIONS TO
BE REPEATED? DID THEY TAKE A LONG
TIME TO ANSWER? DID THEY SEEMUNSURE?

0.01%

1

C30

Now I’m going to ask you about somesituations that you or any other women
you know may have experienced. For eachsituation, please tell if you or any other
women you know have experienced this
only before the start of COVID-19, only
since the start of COVID-19, both before
and since the start of COVID-19, or not atall. Please listen carefully and just answer“yes” or “no” for each question I ask.

0.30%

41

C31

Are any of the following support services
available for women in your community?

0.30%

41

142

Question

Question text

Dropout rate36

No. of participants dropped out

S12

And as a final question, I would like toknow if you have another mobile phone
number besides the one I am calling you
on? IF YES: How many other mobile phone
numbers do you have?

0.10%

14

6.10 Hotlines Phase IICountry

National/Region

Helpline

National

Name: Linja e këshillimit për Gra dhe Vajza
Phone number: 116117
Website: http://www.hotlinealbania.org/

Bangladesh

National

Name: National Helpline Centre
Phone number: 109
Website: http://nhc.gov.bd/

Bangladesh

National

Name: National Emergency Service from Police Helpline center
Phone number: 999
Website: https://www.police.gov.bd/en

Bangladesh

National

Name: Children Helpline
Phone number: 1098
Website: http://www.dss.gov.bd/

Bangladesh

Chattogram

Name: One Stop Crisis Centre
Phone number: 01713366635

Bangladesh

Dhaka

Name: One Stop Crisis Centre
Phone number: 01713423490

Bangladesh

FaridpurName: One Stop Crisis Centre
Phone number: 01755584573

Bangladesh

Rajshahi

Name: One Stop Crisis Centre
Phone number: 01713366637

Bangladesh

RangpurName: One Stop Crisis Centre
Phone number: 052155310

Bangladesh

SylhetName: One Stop Crisis Centre
Phone number: 0821714133

Cameroon

National

Name: Douala centre (the call centre is open to all female victims of violence)
Phone number: 234 425 668

National

Name: RENATA National Network of Aunties Associations
Phone number: 242 01 34 73 and 675 25 28 85 and 699 48 71 54
Website: https://www.facebook.com/RENATA-125901520776718/

Albania

Cameroon143

Colombia

National

Phone number: Linea 155 - Tel. 155
Website: https://id.presidencia.gov.co/Paginas/prensa/2020/Linea-155-Alservicio-de-mujeres-victimas-de-violencia-intrafamiliar-durante-AislamientoPreventivo-Obligatorio-200326.aspx

Colombia

National

Phone number: Linea 141 - Tel. 018000 91 80 80
Website: https://www.icbf.gov.co/noticias/linea-141

Colombia

National

Name: Linea de Atención Fiscalía General de la Nación
Phone number: Línea 122 - Tel. 018000919748

Colombia

National

Name: Linea de Atención Policía Nacional
Phone number: Línea 123

National

Phone number: Línea Púrpura - Tel. 018000112137
Website: https://sdmujer.gov.co/nuestros-servicios/servicios-para-lasmujeres/linea-purpura

Antioquia

Name: Linea de Atención Policía Nacional
Phone number: Línea 123 Mujer(Aunque la línea 123 es nacional, cuando las mujeres de Medellín llaman a lalínea pueden pedir que las comuniquen con la línea 123 Mujer)

BolívarName: Oficina de Asuntos para la Mujer Cartagena
Phone number: 316-8073396 and 304-5456409 and 301-3666821
cartageneraslibresdeviolencia@gmail.com

Cauca

Name: Línea de Atención Estrategia Violeta Secretaría Departamental de la
Mujer
Phone number: 3104222978
Email: atencionvioleta2021@gmail.com
Website: https://www.facebook.com/SecMujerCauca/

Cauca

Name: Línea de Orientación Comité de Veeduría y Seguimiento Ley 1257 / 2008
Cauca
Phone number: 3004985667

Colombia

Cauca

Name: Corporación de Mujeres Ecofeminista - Comunitar
Phone number: +57 28364320
Email: comunitarong@gmail.com

Colombia

Cauca

Name: Red Departamental de Mujeres del Cauca
Phone number: 3128759163

Colombia

Cauca

Name: Linea de Atención Equipo Púrpura Secretaría de la Mujer Popayán
Phone number: 3234470748 (24 horas) and 3137468913 (8am/12pm - 2pm/6pm)
secretariamujer@popayan.gov.co and atencionalciudadano@popayan.gov.co

Colombia

Cauca

Name: Linea de Atención Defensoría Popayán
Phone number: 3003477193

Colombia

Cauca

Name: Fundación Chiyangua - Guapi
Phone number: 3232862741

Colombia

Cauca

Name: Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal Popayán
Phone number: 3174342558 and 3135353108

Colombia

Colombia

Colombia

Colombia

Colombia

144

Colombia

Cauca

Name: Linea de Atención Policía Nacional - Patrulla de Género Popayán
Phone number: Línea 123(Aunque la línea 123 es nacional, cuando las mujeres de Popayán llaman a lalínea pueden pedir la atención de la patrulla de género)

Colombia

La Guajira

Name: Chat informativo de whasApp Manitas solidarias en La Guajira
Phone number: +57 56545011

La Guajira

Name: Casa de Mujeres Empoderadas de Riohacha
Phone number: 3228895750(atención 24 horas)

La Guajira

Name: UNFPA en Riohacha
Phone number: 3232103612 and 3144381941(atención de 9:00 am a 1:00 pm y de 2:00 pm a 4:00 pm)

La Guajira

Name: Comisaría de Familia de Maicao
Phone number: 357266374(atención de 8:00 am a 3:00 pm)

Colombia

La Guajira

Name: Save The Children en Maicao
Phone number: 3125962528(Atención de 7:00 am a 12:00 m y de 1:00 a 4:00 pm)

Colombia

Meta

Name: Veeduría mujeres libres de violencias
Phone number : 3223803522

Colombia

Meta

Name: Movimiento de Mujeres jóvenes Yo Puedo
Phone number: 3105512283

Colombia

Meta

Name: En redHadas x la paz
Phone number : 3508034011

Colombia

Meta

Name: Línea violeta Alcaldía de Villavicencio
Phone number: 3167426938

Colombia

Meta

Name: Alcaldía de Acacias
Phone number: 3142426083

Colombia

Meta

Name: Alcaldía de Puerto Lopez – Comisaría de Familia
Phone number: 3138653179

Colombia

Meta

Name: Alcaldía de Granada
Phone number: 3204452720

Colombia

Meta

Name: Veeduría por la dignidad de las Mujeres Granadinas
Phone number: 3144615229

Colombia

Meta

Name: Alcaldía de Mesetas
Phone number: 3142673243

Colombia

Meta

Name: Veeduría mujeres valientes
Phone number: 3118478379 and 3108666415 and 3217692948

National

Name: Ministère de la Femme, de la Famille et de l'Enfant
Phone number: 1308
Website: http://www.famille.gouv.ci/public/structures/cnlvfe

Colombia

Colombia

Colombia

Ivory Coast145

JordanNational

Name: Jordanian Women’s Union
Phone number: 065675729

JordanNational

Name: Solidarity Is Global Institute
Phone number: 0797699415 and 0798372953 and 0797114598

National

Name: Healthcare Assistance Kenya - Gender Based Violence Hotline
Phone number: 1195
Website: https://gender.go.ke/healthcare-assistance-kenya-hak-1195/

National

Name: Sezim
Phone number: (0312) 51 26 40
Website: http://sezim.org/main/

National

Name: Shans
Phone number: (0709)-71-03-20
Website: https://www.facebook.com/ccchance96/

Kyrgyzstan

National

Name: Ak-Jurok
Phone number: (3222) 2 97 57 and 0550 231329
Website: https://www.facebook.com/BA-663516720671283

Kyrgyzstan

BatkenName: Crisis center "Janyl myrza" (Batken region) hotline
Phone number: +996 (03622) 2 20 27
Email: kalybek2003@mail.ru

Kyrgyzstan

Bishkek

Name: Association of crisis centers (Bishkek)hotline
Phone number: +996 (312) 6615-92
Email: association.kg@gmail.com

Kyrgyzstan

Bishkek

Name: Darshayim violence prevention center (Bishkek) hotline
Phone number: +996 (0312) 64 93 50
Email: darshayim@mail.ru and mairash_1955@mail.ru

Kyrgyzstan

IssykulName: Crisis center "Altynai" (Issykul region) hotline
Phone number: +996 (03943) 4 41 37
Email: altynai1951@mail.ru

Kyrgyzstan

Jalal-Abad

Name: Crisis center "Kaniet" (Jalal-Abad region) hotline
Phone number: +996 (03722) 5 50 84
Email: j_saralaeva@mail.ru

Kyrgyzstan

Naryn

Name: Crisis center "Tendesh" (Naryn region) hotline
Phone number: +996 (03522) 5 37 70, 5 02 70.
Email: ngo-tendesh@rambler.ru

Osh

Name: Crisis center "Akyl Karachach" (Osh region) hotline
Phone number: +996 (03234) 2 60 33 , 2 61 31.
Email: ene-naz@mail.ru

Osh

Name: Crisis center "Aarulan" (Osh region) hotline
Phone number: +996 (03222) 5 56 08
Email: ayalzat@netmail.kg

Osh

Name: Women consulting center "Meerban" (Osh region) hotline
Phone number: +996 (03222) 7 40 06 , 7 40 17.
Email: meerban.osh@mail.ru

Kenya

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan

146

Name: Women consulting center "Maana" (Talas region) hotline
Kyrgyzstan

Talas

Phone number: +996 (03422) 5 38 18 (р.), 5 55 81.
Email: ayalzat@mail.ru
Phone number: 8350

MoroccoNational

Nigeria

National

Name: Women at Risk International Foundation(WARIF)
Phone number: 0809 210 0008
Website: https://warifng.org/warif-centre/

Nigeria

National

Name: National Emergency Number
Phone number: 112

Nigeria

National

Name: Lagos State, Domestic and Sexual Violence Response Team (DSVRT)
Phone number: 08000333333 or *6820# or text HELP to 6820

National

Name: SOS MUJER
Phone number: 137
Website: http://www.mujer.gov.py/index.php/noticias/donde-denunciar-unhecho-de-violencia-contra-la-mujer

Paraguay

National

Name: Ciudad Mujer - Paraguay Government
Phone number: (021) 412 4000
Website: http://www.ciudadmujer.gov.py/index.php/centro-ciudadmujer/modulos-de-atencion/prevencion-y-atencion-para-una-vida-libre-deviolencia

Paraguay

National

Name: FONO AYUDA-niñez y adolescencia
Phone number: 147(24hs-gratuita y confidencial)

Paraguay

National

Name: Policía Nacional
Phone number: 911 (24hs)

Asunción

Name: Trata de personas
Address: Pdte. Franco y Ayolas (Asunción)
Phone number: (021) 497 815
Email: dgtrata@mujer.gov.py(horario de atención: de 8am a 3pm corrido sin intérvalos, de lunes a viernes)

CapitalName: Servicio de Atención a la Mujer (SEDAMUR)
Address: Pdte. Franco y Ayolas (Asunción)
Phone number: (021) 452 060
Email: atencion@mujer.gov.py(horario de atención: de 8:00am a 6pm corrido sin intérvalos, de lunes aviernes)Paraguay

Chaco

Name: Ciudad Mujer- Filadelfia (Boquerón)
Address: Carayá casi Carlos Casado (Filadelfia)
Phone number: (0491) 432 370(horario de atención: de 8am a 3pm corrido sin intérvalos, de lunes a viernes)

Paraguay

Este region

Name: Centro Regional Mujer, en Curuguaty (Canindeyú)
Address: Calle 34 Curuguateños esq. Jose G. Rodríguez de Francia (Curuguaty)

Paraguay

Paraguay

Paraguay(Assistance téléphonique nationale 24h/24 et 7j/7/ 24/7 ‫)اﻟﻮطﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﺧﻂ‬

147

Phone number: (048) 210 515(horario de atención: de 8am a 3pm corrido sin intérvalos, de lunes a viernes)

Este region

Name: Centro Regional Mujer, en Ciudad del Este (Alto Paraná)
Address: Campo Vía casi América, Área 4 (Ciudad del Este)
Phone number: (061) 507 531 y (061) 507 675(horario de atención: de 8am a 3pm corrido sin intérvalos, de lunes a viernes)

Norte

Name: Centro Regional Mujer, en Pedro Juan Caballero (Amambay)
Address: 14 de Mayo entre Carlos A. López y Tte. Herrero (Pedro Juan Caballero)
Phone number: (0336) 275 611(horario de atención: de 8am a 3pm corrido sin intérvalos, de lunes a viernes)

ThailandNational

Name: Helpline 1300
Phone number: 1300
Website: https://www.unicef.org/thailand/press-releases/unicef-andgovernment-launch-campaign-promote-1300-helpline-bid-curb-violence

ThailandNational

Name: Friends of Women Foundation
Phone number: 02 513 1001

ThailandNational

Name: Foundation for Women
Phone number: 02 433 5149 and 02-435-1246
Website: http://womenthai.org/

National

Name: La Strada - National Domestic Violence, Trafficking and Gender
Discrimination Hotline
Phone number: 0 800 500 335
Website: http://www.la-strada.org.ua/

Paraguay

Paraguay

Ukraine1486.11 Refield questionnaire
Survey: Impact of COVID-19 on Women’s Well-being
MOBILE PHONE INTERVIEW-BASED SURVEY
CHANGES AND CUTS FOR RE-FIELD
Screener and informed consent
ASK ALL
S0. Which language do you wish to proceed with?
READ ANSWERS, SINGLE RESPONSE
Scripter: insert country specific list
Countrycode

Country

Languages

Method01

Albania

Albanian

Dimensions weblinks

02

Bangladesh

Bengali

Dimensions weblinks

04

Colombia

SpanishDimensions weblinks

05

Côte d'Ivoire/Ivory
Coast

French(MONAKO)

iField CATI

06

JordanArabicDimensions weblinks

08

Kyrgyzstan

Russian(RUSSIA), Kyrgyz

Dimensions weblinks

09

MoroccoArabicDimensions weblinks

10

Nigeria

English(SOUTH AFRICA), Yoruba, Igbo,
Hausa

iField CATI

19

Paraguay

SpanishiField CATISHOWSCREEN Hello, my name is [INTERVIEWER’S NAME] and I am calling on behalf of Ipsos, a market
research agency, to see if you qualify for an important survey we are conducting about COVID-19 andwomen’s well-being.
ASK ALL
S3. What is your sex?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Male GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout
2. Female
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout
ASK ALL
S4.1 How old are you in years?
RECORD ANSWER NUMERIC

149

IF RESPONDENT IS UNDER 18, GO TO SHOWSCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout
ASK IF DON’T KNOW OR REF AT S4.1
S4.2 Which of the following age groups do you fall into?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Under 18 GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout
2. 18-29
3. 30-39
4. 40-49
5. 50-59
6. 60 or older
98. Don’t know GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout
99. Refused GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout

Scripter: recode S4.1 + S4.2 into S4_cat:
1. 18-29
2. 30-39
3. 40-49
4. 50-59
5. 60+SHOWSCREEN As I mentioned before, I am calling on behalf of Ipsos, market research agency. We have been,commissioned by a United Nations agency, UN Women. We received consent from [COUNTRY GOVT
INSTITUTION] to undertake a study on the impact of COVID-19 on women. You have been randomly selected
to potentially and voluntarily participate. All responses will be kept strictly confidential. The Privacy

Information is accessible at https://unwomen.ipsos.be
If at any point there are any questions you do not feel comfortable answering, you can choose not to answer
them. You can also stop the interview at any point. This survey will take about 5 minutes of your time.
ASK ALL
S1. Are you interested in seeing if you qualify for this survey?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No
IF NO, TRY TO ENCOURAGE THE RESPONDENT BEFORE CONCLUSIVELY ENDING THE SURVEY GO TO
SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY = screenout
DO NOT ASK IF Country=15 (Ukraine) or 04 (Colombia)
S8. What region in [COUNTRY] do you live in?
SINGLE ANSWER
Scripter: insert country specific list
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]

150

DO NOT ASK IF Country=06 (Jordan)
ASK ALL
S9. And what district do you live in?
SINGLE ANSWER
If Country <> 04 (Colombia) Scripter: insert country specific list, filtered on answer S8
If Country = 04 (Colombia Scripter: insert full list of districts from region_district file
If country =1,2,5,8,9,10,19 and S8= 98 or 99 Scripter: insert country-specific list of districts from region_district
file

98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]IF S8 IS NOT ASKED, AUTO FILL S8 BASED ON S9.
ASK IF S9 = 98 AND Country = 04 (Colombia)
ASK IF S8 AND S9 = 98 AND Country = 05 (Cote d'Ivoire)S9b. Could you then tell me instead in which municipality you live?
SINGLE ANSWER
Scripter: insert country specific list as drop down with search function
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]

AUTO FILL S8 AND S9 BASED ON S9b.
ASK ALL
S11. Great. If you don’t have any further questions we can proceed. Now we just need a bit more
information about you. Would you consider the area you live in to be urban or rural?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Urban: [DO NOT READ UNLESS RESPONDENT NEEDS GUIDANCE] such as a city or metropolitan
center
2. Rural: [DO NOT READ UNLESS RESPONDENT NEEDS GUIDANCE] town or village outside of cities inan area that has few homes and not many people
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
S2. We would like you to not use the speakerphone. Can you let me know if the speaker phone is off?
SINGLE ANSWERINTERVIEWER: IF YOU CAN HEAR THAT THE RESPONDENT IS ON SPEAKERPHONE PLEASE DOUBLE CHECK TOCONFIRM BEFORE PROCEEDING.
1. Yes
2. No GO TO S5.1

151

ASK IF Country = 02 (Bangladesh)S2a. And can you also please confirm that any recording device on your mobile phone is switched off?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No GO TO S5.1
ASK IF S3=2 AND RESPONDENT IS 18 OR OVER
S5. You qualify to participate in this survey! However, there are some questions in this questionnaire that
may be considered sensitive and require your concentration, so I’d like to make sure you are alone and in aquiet, private place where you will not be overheard before we start the study. Can you confirm if now is agood time?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, can proceed now GO TO SHOWSCREEN 1
2. No, GO TO S5.1
ASK IF S5 = 2 or S2=2
S5.1 Are you still interested in participating in this survey at a different time?
1. Yes GO TO S5.2
2. No, GO TO SHOWSCREEN 3
ASK IF S5.1 = 1
S5.2 When would be a good time to call you back?
RECORD HH/MM/DD/MM OF CALLBACKHH/MM/DD/MMGO TO SHOW SCREEN 2
SHOWSCREEN 1: If at any time someone comes into the room or you think you may be overheard, pleasesay [Scripter: insert “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] and we will move to a different topic. Remember you can use[Scripter: insert “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] at any time and you can tell anyone who may have overheardthat you were randomly selected to take a survey on the impacts of COVID-19.
ASK ALL
S6. Do you understand that this information is being collected by [SURVEY FIRM NAME] for UN Women so
we can better understand the needs of women in your community and to help develop responses that
improve wellbeing?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No
IF NO, REPEAT THE STATEMENT ‘SHOWSCREEN1’ TO THE RESPONDENT BEFORE CONCLUSIVELYENDING THE SURVEY GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY
Text to insert “We would like to understand how COVID-19 is affecting women. You have been randomly
selected to potentially participate in this survey commissioned by UN Women and your feedback andcooperation will be highly appreciated. The findings of the survey will be used to inform strategies andprograms aimed at supporting women during COVID-19.”152

00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
S7. Do you understand that your information will remain confidential and that you are able to go back to
any of your responses and change and/or ask to delete any information you provide?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No
IF NO, REPEAT THE STATEMENT ‘SHOWSCREEN1’ TO THE RESPONDENT BEFORE CONCLUSIVELYENDING THE SURVEY GO TO SHOW SCREEN 3 AND END SURVEY
Text to insert “All responses will be kept strictly confidential. If at any point there are any questions
you do not feel comfortable answering, you can choose not to answer them. You can also choose tostop the interview at any point.”
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
S12. And do you own the phone you are speaking on?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes
2. No – INTERVIEWER: NOTE IF THIS IS TRUE. PLEASE PAY ATTENTION TO ANY CUES THAT THE
RESPONDENT IS UNCOMFORTABLE
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]SHOW SCREEN2 END SURVEY
Thank you, we will call you back at [HH/MM/DD/MM] you requested. Thank you again and have a greatday!
ENTER CALL NOTES BELOW, WHO YOU SPOKE TO AND WHAT THEY SAIDSHOW SCREEN3 (SCREENOUT: IF S1 = 2 OR AGE IS UNDER 18 OR DOES NOT KNOW REGION AND ENDSURVEY)
Unfortunately, you don’t meet the criteria for this study and I won’t be able to proceed. Thank you for yourtime.
ONLY FOR IFIELD
Duplicate the quota variables (Age and Region) to both ECS and Main. Transfer the info from ECS to Main
script.

153

A. Demographics
HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITIONASK ALL
A01. What is your marital status?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Married, spouse/ partner is residing with you
2. Married, spouse/ partner is residing elsewhere
3. Living with partner/Cohabiting Scripter: DO NOT ASK IF Country= 06 OR 09 or 02
4. Married but separated
5. Widowed
6. Divorced
7. Single (never married)
8. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
9. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
A07. How many of the people living in your household are aged 0-17?
INTERVIEWER WRITE IN NUMERIC
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
A08. How many of the people living in your household are men aged 18 or over?
INTERVIEWER WRITE IN NUMERIC
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
A06. How many people including yourself, live in your household?
Scripter: Range is 1-30
IF NEEDED, EXPLAIN: By household we mean people who have been eating from the same pot for the past 6months]. Please ensure that the respondent has counted herself in her answer and that the answer aligns

with the answers to the previous two questions (children and adult men in the household).
INTERVIEWER WRITE IN NUMBER

154

SOCIOECONOMIC INFORMATIONASK ALL
A02. What is the highest level of education that you completed?
SINGLE ANSWER

1. No formal education
2. Completed Primary School
3. Completed Secondary School
4. Completed Technical & Vocational Training
5. Completed University/College
6. Completed Post-Graduate
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
A03. Which of the following best describes what you mainly do each day…?
SINGLE ANSWER DO NOT READ OUT

1. Work for someone else for pay
2. Work in a personal or family business activity
3. Work in own farming, raising animals or fishing mainly to sell
4. Work in own farming, raising animals or fishing mainly for family consumption
5. Take care of the home/family
6. Study
7. Unpaid apprenticeship, internship
8. Unpaid voluntary, community, charity work
9. Look for work
10. Retired or pensioner
11. With long-term illness, injury or disability
12. Other, specify [O]
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF A03 IS 5-12
A04. In addition to this, do you do any activity that generates an income, even if only for a few hours aweek?
SINGLE ANSWER

1. Yes2. No

155

98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
A05. Do you have difficulty doing any of the following – walking, seeing (even when wearing glasses),hearing (even with hearing assistance), remembering or concentrating, self-caring, or communicating?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, I have difficulties
2. No, I don’t have difficulties
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]

B. Health
ASK ALL
B01. Thank you for your responses so far. I am now going to ask you some questions related to your health.
Before we begin this section, can you confirm that there is no one around you over the age of two that canoverhear our conversation?
1. Yes, confirmed
2. No [GO TO SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK IF B01=1
B04. Overall, would you say your own mental or emotional health (e.g. stress, anxiety, confidence etc.) has
been affected AS RESULT OF THE COVID-19 SITUATION?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, negatively
2. Yes, positively
3. Yes, both negatively and positively
4. No
98. Do not know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0 AND CALL BACK LATER]

156

C. Safety
ASK ALL
C07. To what extent do you think that physical harm, abuse, or harassment of women is a problem in thearea where you live?
SINGLE ANSWER. REMIND RESPONDENT THAT ABUSE INCLUDES: PHYSICAL, SEXUAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL(SUCH AS HARASSMENT), BOTH INSIDE AND OUTSIDE YOUR HOME.
1. A lot
2. Somewhat
3. A little bit
4. Not at all
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK ALL
C08. How, if at all, do you think physical harm, abuse, or harassment of women in the area where you live
has changed SINCE COVID-19? REMIND RESPONDENT THAT ABUSE INCLUDES: PHYSICAL, SEXUAL,PSYCHOLOGICAL (SUCH AS HARASSMENT), BOTH INSIDE AND OUTSIDE YOUR HOME.
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Yes, increased
2. Yes, decreased
3. No, stayed the same
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK A06>1 (HH SIZE >1) AND [A06 – A07 >1] (so more than 1 adult in HH)
SHOWSCREEN: [READ] Now I’m going to ask you some questions about your household specifically.
ASK A06>1 (HH SIZE >1) AND [A06 – A07 >1] (so more than 1 adult in HH)
C19. When people live together in the same household, they usually share both good and bad moments.
And it is normal for people who live together to have arguments. How often in the last six months would
you say that adults in your household have argued or have had some sort of conflict among themselves?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. Daily
2. Weekly
3. Monthly
4. Once or twice
5. Never98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]157

00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]ASK A06>1 (HH SIZE >1) AND [A06 – A07 >1] (so more than 1 adult in HH)
C20. Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has made conflict between adults in your household more
frequent, less frequent or about the same?
SINGLE ANSWER
1. More frequent
2. About the same
3. Less frequent
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0

AND CALL BACK LATER]

158

SHOWSCREEN: READ Thank you for your responses so far. We just have a few more questions for you before
the end of this interview.
ASK ALL
C30. Now I’m going to ask you about some situations that you or any other women you know may haveexperienced. For each situation, please tell if you or any other women you know have experienced this only
before the start of COVID-19, only since the start of COVID-19, both before and since the start of COVID-19,
or not at all. Please listen carefully and just answer “yes” or “no” for each question I ask.
READ ANSWERS. SINGLE ANSWER EACH ROW RANDOMIZE ROWS
ROWS
6. Been slapped, hit, kicked, had things thrown at them, or other physical harm
7. Been yelled at, called names, humiliated
8. Had resources (like healthcare) or basic needs (like money, food, water, shelter) denied
9. Been forced to stay alone for long period of time or denied communication with other people
10. Been the subject of inappropriate jokes, suggestive comments, leering, or unwelcome touch/kisses,
COLUMNS
4. Yes, before the start of COVID-19
5. Yes, since the start of COVID-19
6. Yes, before and since the start of COVID-19
7. No [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
100.
Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
101. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
00. [Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO SS0
AND CALL BACK LATER]

CLOSING OF INTERVIEWASK ALL.
S12.

1.
2.
98.
99.
00.

[Scripter: limit the number of the phones to 5]
And as a final question, I would like to know if you have another mobile phone number besides
the one I am calling you on? IF YES: How many other mobile phone numbers do you have?
[SINGLE ANSWER]
No / No other numbers
Yes: WRITE IN NUMBER
Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE]
Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE][Scripter: insert country specific “POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [GO TO
SS0]

ASK ALLSHOWSCREEN: READ This marks the end of the questions I have for you. Before we close, do you haveanything else you want to say about any of the responses you shared today?
INTERVIEWER WRITE IN ANY NOTES AS NEEDED add open end [O] not mandatory

159

ASK ALLSHOWSCREEN: READ Should you require information or further support with regards to these topics, kindlycall [INSERT LOCAL HELPLINES]. It’s free for everyone. You can also refer your family, friends, neighbours or
anyone who needs support.
NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: SHOULD YOU FIND A SURVIVOR WHO NEED SUPPORT, THEN REFER THEM TO[INSERT LOCAL HELPLINES]. DO NOT TRY TO COUNSEL THE SURVIVOR, BE CALM AND OPEN WITH THEM.
LISTEN CALMLY AND SEEK THEIR APPROVAL TO LINK THEM TO SOMEONE WHO CAN PROVIDE GUIDANCEAND SUPPORT TO THEM. IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO RESPECT SOMEONE’S DECISION AS TO WHETHER THEYWILL CALL THE HELPLINE OR NOT.
ASK ALLSHOWSCREEN: Thank you for your participation in this mobile phone survey.
IF COUNTRY=05 (Ivory Coast): You will receive your [Scripter: insert country specific PLACEHOLDER] airtime
credit on this phone within the next 2 days.
ASK IF 00 [“POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] CHOSEN
SS0. What are currently, during COVID-19, are the top three priority needs for you and your household?
DO NOT READ ANSWERS. MULTIPLE ANSWER UP TO THREE
1. Health care
2. Food
3. Water
4. Sanitation – Hygiene
5. Shelter and household items
6. Being sure that you can continue to live in your current place (security of tenure)
7. Education
8. Earning a living/getting an income/working
9. Safety and Security
10. Other, specify [O]
98. Don’t know [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]
99. Refused [DO NOT READ] [EXCLUSIVE] [ANCHOR]ASK IF 00 [“POPULAR LOCAL FOOD”] CHOSEN AND SS0 ASKED ON ANY QUESTION (SHOULD ALWAYS BE
ASKED AFTER SS0).
SS1. When would be a good time to call you back?
RECORD HH/MM/DD/MM OF CALLBACKHH/MM/DD/MMSHOW AFTER SS1.
SHOW SCREEN: Thank you, we will call you back at [HH/MM/DD/MM] you requested. Thank you again andhave a great day! [END SURVEY]ASK IF COUNTRY = 04 (Colombia)

160

Por último, permítame recordarle que la información que usted nos ha entregado será tratada de manera
confidencial, sin embargo, le agradeceríamos que usted autorizara entregar la información que usted nos
ha dado, en cuyo caso necesitaría su autorización declarada.
AUT1. ¿Autoriza la entrega de sus datos de contacto? (DIS: RU).
Si . 1
No. 2
AUT2. ¿Autoriza la entrega de sus respuestas? (DIS: RU).
Si . 1
No. 2
ASK IF COUNTRY =05 (Ivory Coast)
RC. Record completed survey info
1. Senufo
2. Dioule
3. Baoule
4. Français
ASK IF COUNTRY =19 (Paraguay)
PYLANG. Interviewer: please indicate in which language the respondent answered the questions?
1. Spanish only
2. Both Spanish and Guarani or other local language
3. Guarani or other local language (not Spanish)161

© 2022 UN Women. All rights reserved.
The views expressed in this publication arethose of the author(s) and do not necessarily
represent the views of UN Women, the United
Nations or any of its affiliated organizations.
Produced by the Women Count programme
Research partner: Ipsos
Editor: Jen Ross
Design: Ouissal Hmazzou

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