52 FACTS OF BRIDGE LIFE
Good Advice To Give Your Partner
By Eddie Kantar

Surely a player of your bridge skills is familiar with most or all of thefollowing tips you are about to read. But is your partner?
Tips 1-20 are bidding tips.
1. When partner bids two suits and you have an equal number of cards

in each suit, take partner back to the first suit even if it meansincreasing the level. Just do it!
You hold: ♠ Axxx ♥ K10x ♦ Jxx ♣ xxx
Partner You
1♦
1♠
2♥
?
Bid 3♦. Raising hearts (see next tip) or passing partner's reverse, a one-round force, puts
you back in kindergarten.
2. A direct raise of a second suit promises four card support (in blood).
You hold: ♠ xx ♥ A10x ♦ A10x ♣ K10xxx
Partner You
1♠
2♣
2♥
?
Rebid 2NT showing 11-12 high-card points. Don’t even thinking of raising hearts with
only three.
3. With two five-card suits: open with the higher ranking suit, respondin the higher ranking suit, and overcall in the higher ranking suit. Do
not worry about which is the stronger suit.
You hold: ♠ x ♥ J10xxx♦ AKQxx ♣ Kx

Open 1♥, not 1♦. Respond 1♥ to an opening 1♣ bid and overcall 1♥ if the opening bid toyour right is 1♣.
4. When the bid to your right is strong, a jump by you is weak; when

the bid to your right is weak, a jump by you is strong.
If partner opens 1♣ and RHO doubles, a jump to 2♠ by you is weak. If RHO opens 2♥(weak), a jump to 3♠ by you is strong.

5. After you open 1♥ or 1♠ and partner responds 1NT denying support

for your major, don’t rebid your major unless you have a six-card suit.
6. When holding three four card suits and a singleton, open the bidding1♦ unless your singleton is in diamonds! If it is, open 1♣. You shouldhave at least 12 HCP to open the bidding with this distribution.
You hold: ♠ AKxx ♥ KJxx

♦ J10xx♣x

Open 1♦.

7. A takeout double by a passed hand shows 9-11 HCP with shortness

in the opener’s suit. If the opponents have bid two suits, the double
promises at least four-card support for both unbids.
You hold: ♠ AJxx

♥ xx ♦ KJ10xx ♣ xx

South (you) West North East
Pass
1♣
Pass 1♥Dbl.
You show both unbid suits with your double. A 2♦ overcall might lose a spade fit.
8. A good idea when playing Blackwood is to count the king of theagreed suit as an ace! This is called 'Key Card Blackwood' or 'Five Ace
Blackwood'. When using this convention do not contract for slamunless you have at least four of the five 'aces'.
9. When responding to a takeout double, jump the bidding in your long

suit with 9-11 'revalued' points. An unbid five-card suit is worth 1 extra
point and an unbid six-card suit is worth three extra points. Do notcount points for jacks and queens in suits they have bid.
You hold: ♠ AQ10x♥ Kxx♦ xx ♣ 10xxx

West North East South (you)1♦
Dbl. Pass ?
Jump to 2♠. Do not bid 1♠ which shows 0-8 points. Also, your jump is not forcing.

10. When responding to a takeout double with 12+ HCP, cuebid theopponent's suit to show a strong hand and then bid your suit(s) later.
After you cuebid, any new suit bid by you is forcing.
You hold: ♠ KQxx

♥ AJxx

♦ Qxx

♣ xx

West North East South (you)1♣
Dbl. Pass ?
Bid 2♣ to show a big hand (12+HCP). You and partner then bid four-card suits up theline until you connect in a 4-4 major-suit fit. If partner bids 2♦, bid 2♥; if partner
bids 2♠, raise to 4♠. The one who knows, goes.
11. A 2NT response to a takeout double shows 10-12 HCP and is not

forcing. A 1NT response to a takeout double shows 6-9 HCP similar toa 1NT response to an opening bid. Notrump responses to a takeout
double guarantee at least one stopper (hopefully two), in the opponents'
suit.
You hold: ♠ KJ9x ♥ xx

♦ Q10x♣ Jxxx (or AJxx)

West North East South (you)1♠
Dbl. Pass ?
With the ♣ Jxxx, respond 1NT. With the ♣ AJxx, respond 2NT. You don't need stoppers
in the other suits. Partner is supposed to have them for the double.
12. If you play 'five-card majors', a short diamond should only be

opened with 4-4 in the majors, three diamonds and two clubs.
The incidence of a 1♦ opening bid with this exact distribution is less than 3%.
Translation: When partner opens 1♦, assume partner has four or more diamonds.
13. After partner opens the bidding and second hand overcalls 1NT toshow the strength of an opening 1NT bid, double for penalty if you have
9 or more HCP. Bidding a suit denies the strength to double.
You hold: ♠ 10x
North East
1♠
1NT

♥ KJxxSouth (you)?

♦ AJxxx

♣ J10

West

Double. You have them outgunned. You should be able to defeat 1NT easily. If you bid
2♦, you are showing fewer than 9 HCP with at least five diamonds, usually six.

14. It is dangerous to count extra points for short suits or long suits
before the bidding starts.
If partner bids your short suit, that reduces, not increases, the value of your hand. If oneof your opponents bids your long suit, that decreases, not increases, the value of yourhand. If you let the bidding develop, you will see whether your long or short suits areworking for or against you.
You hold: ♠ Axxx ♥ x♦ Qxxxx♣ xxx

What is this hand worth? If partner opens 1♥, it is a minus 6-point hand. If partner opens
1♠, it is a 9-point hand (3 points for the singleton with four-card support). If LHO opens
1♦ and partner overcalls 1♥, the ♦Q has lost it's value not to mention the fifth diamond.
You are now looking at a minus 4-point hand! Be patient with distributional evaluations
until you hear the bidding.

15. It is dangerous to use Blackwood holding a void. If you are missing
two aces and partner shows one ace, you won't know which it is. It is
usually better to cuebid when interested in a slam. Also, when
responding to Blackwood, do not count a void as an ace. With one ace(or three) and a void, jump to the six level of the void suit if it is lower
ranking than the trump suit. If the void suit is higher ranking than thetrump suit, jump to the six level of the trump suit. With two aces and avoid, respond 5NT.
16. When responding to an opening bid with two four-card majors,

respond 1♥ and give partner a chance to rebid 1♠. If partner doesn't
rebid 1♠, assume partner does not have four spades and bid
accordingly.
You hold: ♠ AJxx

♥ KQxx

♦ Jx

♣ xxx

Partner You
1♦
1♥
2♣
?
Rebid 2NT and limit your hand to 11-12 HCP. Do not rebid 2♠. Partner does not havefour spades.
17. When the opponents bid and support each other and you have thejack or queen of their suit, do not count points for those honors. They
are not worth the cardboard they are printed on.
Secondary honors may take tricks on defense, but seldom do when you are the declarer.

18. When all your honor cards are in your two long suits, add 1 extra'purity' point.
You hold: ♠ AKJxx♥ KQxx♦ xx♣ xx

All your high-card points are in your two long suits, so add 1 extra point to your hand.
Think of having 14 points. If partner supports spades or hearts, your hand increases invalue. If partner does not have support for either suit, your hand stays at 14 points. Hands
that have eight-card fits or longer add extra distributrional points. Until the fit isuncovered, distributional points should not be added. It doesn't make sense. Hands thatare misfitted should not add extra points, they should subtract points!
19. When RHO uses Stayman and you, fourth hand, have five clubs orsix clubs headed by three of the top five honors, double to alert yourpartner you want a club lead against any eventual contract. A double ofan artificial bid is a lead directing double.
You hold: ♠ xxx
West
1NT

♥ xx

♦ xxx

♣ AKJxx

North East South
Pass 2♣ ?

Double. You want a club lead against any eventual contract the opponents may land in.
Do not double with club length (Kxxxxx) unless you have the necessary honor strength.
20. Also use the lead-directing double when the opponents go throughBlackwood. If the response to 4NT is a suit you want led, double!
Important!
You hold: ♠ xx

♥ xxx

♦ KQ10x♣ xxxxWest North East South (you)1♠
Pass 2♥ Pass
3♠
Pass 4♠Pass
4NT Pass 5♦ ?
Double 5♦ to alert partner you want a diamond lead against an eventual spade contract.
At the four level or higher a double of an artificial bid can be made with a strong three orfour card suit (KQx(x), KJx(x)). If you don't double 5♦, partner will make a negative
inference that you didn't want a diamond lead.

Tips 21-40 are defensive tips:
21. When leading a suit partner has bid and you have supported, leadyour highest card with three or four small cards.
The high card lead denies an honor, partner knows of your length. If you haven't
supported, lead low from three or four small cards to deny a doubleton. The lead of ahigh spot card in partner's unsupported suit shows shortness. With three or four cards
headed by an honor (10, J, Q or K) lead low whether or not you have supported. If you
plan to lead partner's suit holding the ace, lead it.
22. If you lead ace from AKx(x) against suit contracts you should know:(1) The lead of the ace is a trick one convention. (2) After trick one, theking is led. (3) If the suit has been supported, the king is led. Leading
the ace in a supported suit or in any suit partner has bid, supported ornot, denies the king. (4) If the opponents wind up at the five or six level,
the king is led. The lead of an ace at the five or six level, in theory,
denies the king. (5) From AK doubleton, everything is reversed.
23. To lead top of a sequence at notrump, the suit should have threeadjacent honors (KQJx(x)). However, the third card in the sequencecan be missing by one place-KQ10x(x) is considered a sequence, KQ9xx
is not and fourth highest should be led.
If the third card is missing by more than one place, lead fourth highest. From QJ942,
lead the queen, but from QJ842, lead the four.
24. To lead an honor at a suit contract, only two adjacent honors arenecessary and the top honor is led.
Lead the ace from AKx(x), the King from KQx(x), the Queen from QJx(x), the Jack from
J10x(x), and the ten from 109x(x). At notrump, lead fourth highest from these
combinations holding four or more cards in the suit. If you happen to have three cards
headed by two adjacent honors (QJx), and think that is the suit to lead, lead the top honor
and hope partner can work it out.

25. In general the lead of a low card shows strength and the lead of a
relatively high spot card shows weakness. (See tip #29)
26. When partner leads low from length and dummy has small cards,

third hand plays high. However, if third hand has two or three equal
high cards, third hand plays the lower or lowest equal. (From K10x,
play the king, from KQx, play the queen, from KQJ(x), play the jack.)

27. When returning the suit partner has led, with two cards remaining

return the higher; with three cards remaining, return the lowest.
Say partner leads low and dummy has low cards. If you have A-10-5, play the ace andreturn the 10. If you have A-10-6-5, play the ace and return the 5.
28. When partner leads low from length and dummy comes down withan honor and you have a higher and a lower honor, insert the lower
honor if dummy plays low.
Say dummy has the Q-5-4 or the J-5-4 and you have K-10-6(x). If dummy plays low,play the 10. Say dummy has the K-7-6 or the Q-7-6 and you have A-J-3(2). If dummy
plays low, play the jack.
29. If partner leads a low card in one suit, gets in and shifts to a low

card (showing strength) in another suit, partner wants a return in thesecond suit. If partner shifts to a high card in the second suit (top ofnothing perhaps), he is asking for a return in the first suit. Got it?
30. One doesn't lead the same against 3NT as against 6NT. Against
6NT avoid leading from an honor unless you have a sequence.
With: ♠ K10763 ♥ J108 ♦ 85 ♣ Q92 Lead the ♠6 against 3NT, but the♥J against 6NT. (If they have about 33 HCP, guess how many partner has!).
31. At notrump it is important to keep communications with partner'shand. If partner's lead looks like top of a doubleton, it's usually a goodidea not to take the first trick. Let partner keep that second card sowhen he gets in he can return your suit.
This tip comes in very handy when you have A-K-x-x-x-(x) with no outside entry. If you
duck the first trick, partner will be able to return the suit when he gets in.
32. When declarer ignores a strong suit in dummy lacking one honor,

assume declarer has the honor. If he doesn't, that would be the first suit
he would be leading - the rule of 'Unattended Strong Suits'.
If you see something like the K-Q-J-10-(x) or A-Q-J-10-(x) in dummy and declarer playsother suits, assume declarer has the missing honor.
33. When there is a short side suit in dummy and declarer draws all ofdummy's trumps, the inference is that declarer doesn't have any losers
in that suit to ruff. Translation: It is safe to discard that suit.

34. When discarding, keep length parity with the dummy.
If dummy has four cards in a suit (A-K-Q-8), and you have four cards (9-4-3-2) one ofwhich (the 9) could conceivably take a trick, be careful about discarding from that suit.
Be very careful! Don't!
35. It is important to count declarer's tricks as the play progresses. If

you find yourself on lead and can see that declarer has enough tricks inthree suits to make the contract, shift to the fourth suit. Some chance isbetter than no chance.
36. When dummy tables, add declarer's likely point count to dummy's

known point count.
The bidding has gone 1NT-3NT. Partner leads and dummy has 10 HCP. Say the
opponents are playing a 15-17 notrump range. Assume declarer has the middle count, 16,
and proceed from there. The opponents have 26 HCP, give or take 1 point, leaving you
and partner with 14. You know how many you have, so it is easy enough to figure out
how many partner has. Do it!
37. When defending a suit contract, there are two main techniquesdeclarer uses to garner extra tricks: (1) setting up a long suit in dummy,(2) ruffing losers in the short hand (usually the dummy.) If dummy
comes down with a long and a short suit and you have the long suitbottled up, lead trumps because the long suit is not usable. If it appears
that the long suit is usable, play an attacking defense going for outside
tricks quickly. If the dummy comes down balanced, declarer has noplace to get rid of losers and will eventually lose them, therefore you andpartner should adopt a passive defense. Avoid breaking new suits if
possible. Let them have what they have coming. Sit back and wait foryour tricks. Your day will come.
38. The best time to lead a short suit is with trump control. A-x-(x) orK-x-x are great trump holdings to lead from shortness. However, if
ruffing will cost you a trump trick, leads from shortness with trump
holdings such as J-10-x-x, Q-J-9-x or K-Q-9-x are counter productive.
39. When signaling encouragement with equal spot cards, signal with thehigher or highest equal.
With A-9-8-7, signal encouragement with the 9 (which denies the 10). If you lazily
signal with the 8, you are denying the 9! Some partners actually watch stuff like that.

40. When giving partner a ruff, the card you lead is suit preference

telling partner which suit to return after the ruff.
The return of a relatively high spot card asks for a return in the higher ranking of the tworemaining suits. A return of your lowest card asks for a return in the lower ranking of thetwo remaining suits. The return of a middle card is designed to drive partner crazy. It
actually means you have no preference.

Tips 41-52 are playing tips.
41. Before playing to the first trick, review the bidding and make sure

you remember the opening lead.
Sometimes the opening lead is a small spot card and it is important to know exactly how
small. If the opening leader later plays another small card in that suit, you really want toknow whether it is a higher or lower card than the original lead. You really do!
42. If one (or both) of your opponents is a passed hand, assume that

player has fewer than 12 HCP. If that player turns up with 10 HCP
early on, play the partner for any missing queen, king, or ace.
43. There is nothing more important than counting your sure tricks

before you begin to play.
At notrump count your sure tricks outside of the suit you plan to establish. This tells you
how many tricks you need in your main suit and then play accordingly.
44. As declarer, when you can to take a trick with one of two equalhonors, take the trick with the higher equal. It is far more deceptive.
Say you are playing notrump with the ♠ KQx. If a low card is led and RHO plays thejack, assuming you wish to take the trick, take it with the king. Do the same with the AQ-J. If a low card is led and the 10 comes up on your right, take it with the queen, notthe jack! If you take tricks with lower equals, you might as well be playing with yourcards face up on the table!
Major exception: With A-K-x-(x) at notrump take the first trick with the king. If you
win with the ace, it is too suspect. If your only stopper is the ace, why aren't you holdingup?

45. As declarer, when possible, withhold any spot card lower than the

one that has been led or lower than the one played to your right.
If the opponents are playing standard signals, this tip is sure to screw them up. Say the 3is led against notrump and dummy has the A-K-5 and you have the Q-6-2. You play theking from dummy and third hand plays the 4. If you play the 6, concealing the deuce,
consider the confusion you have caused: fourth hand won't know if partner has led froma four- or five-card suit (can't see the deuce) and the opening leader won't know if partner
is signaling with something like Q-4-2. (can't see the deuce). If you play the deuce attrick one, East knows that West has led from a four-card suit and West knows thatpartner's 4 is discouraging. For shame.
46. When leading from the dummy to take a finesse with a number of

equal honors in your hand, finesse with the higher or highest equal.
Say you have the A-Q-J-10 in your hand and x-x in the dummy. When you lead low fromdummy and second hand plays low, play the queen. You give away too muchinformation if you play the 10. If the 10 loses to the king, second hand will know you
still have the Q-J. If the queen loses to the king, second hand won't know you have theJ-10. If the 10 wins, and second hand has the king, second hand knows you still have the
Q-J. However, if the queen wins, second hand can't be sure you have the J-10.
47. When you have all the tricks but one and you are playing in a trump

contract, play off every single one of your trump cards before you playyour other suits. Keep the suit you have the loser in until the bitter end.
Make them suffer!
Remember, the most you can lose is the last trick.
48. At a suit contract holding A-x-x facing x-x-x and the suit is led, it isusually right to win the second round of the suit.
If one of the opponents has a doubleton, you cut the communications between the two
hands. It is also right to duck when dummy has x-x and you have A-x-x-(x). Ducking
allows you to keep control of the suit. Do the same when dummy has A-x-x-(x) and you
have x-x. Take the second trick with the ace. This assumes you have no place to put
these losers.

49. Play the cards you are known to hold from the lead and third hand'splay.
Say the queen is led and dummy has x-x-x-x. You, the declarer, have the K-J doubleton.
When third hand plays the ace, the king and jack are equals; however, third hand knows
you have the king from the lead of the queen, but doesn't know you have the jack. If you
play the king under the ace, the jack remains a mystery card. The opening leader also
knows you have the king from partner's play of the ace. Get rid of that king! Remember,
you are not costing yourself a trick when you make these plays because you have an
equal to the card you are unloading in either your hand or dummy. Say the jack is led,dummy has 9-x-x-x, and you have Q-10 doubleton. When third hand plays the king, drop
the queen. Why? The queen is a card they both know you hold. Third hand knows itfrom the lead of the jack and the opening leader knows it from the play of the king. Youmight as well show them your hand if you don't play that queen!
50. When fortunate enough to have a powerful trump suit and being

forced to ruff, tend not to ruff with your lowest trump. That tiny trump
might be your only way to get to dummy.
51. When drawing trumps try to keep a flexible entry position after

trumps are drawn.
Ideally you want to be able to enter dummy in the trump suit and also be able to enter
your hand with a trump. Say you have the K-Q-J-4-3-2 and dummy has the A-10-5. If
you play the ace and king, you have an entry to dummy with the 10 and you can get backto your hand by overtaking the 10. If you play the K-Q, you block the trump suit. You
can get to dummy with the ace, but you can't get back to your hand with a trump.
52. If you have a number of equal honors and you want second hand tocover the first honor, lead your highest equal honor. If you don't wantsecond hand to cover, lead your second highest equal honor. It works!
Say you have the Q-J-10-9-x of trump and dummy has the K-x-x. If there is a danger of aruff, lead the jack. If second hand has the ace, he may duck thinking partner has thequeen and the ruff may be lost. Say dummy has the A-Q-x-x without a side suit entry andyou have J-10 doubleton. If you need three tricks in the suit, lead the 10. Second hand,holding the king, is apt to play low thinking partner may have the jack. You can then leadto the queen for three tricks. If second hand covers, the suit is blocked and you can takeonly two tricks.

Bonus Tips 53-58#53 When dummy is expected to have a long strong suit at a suitcontract and there are two unbid suits, lead from the stronger.
However, if one of the suits is headed by the ace, lead from the other. If
the two unbid suits look like: K-J-x-x and K-x-x-x, lead from theK-J-x-x suit. If the two suits are A-J-x-x and Q-x-x-x, lead from thequeen suit.
#54 If you can see that there are no possible defensive tricks comingfrom the side suits, give declarer a ruff and a sluff. It often promotes a
defensive trump trick.
#55 When decarer bids two suits, particularly if the first suit is amajor, a 'tentative count' is available. Using that tentative count alongwith partner's opening lead often allows you to get a complete count on
declarer's hand at trick one!
Example: Opener
1♥
2♦
3NT

Responder
1♠
3♦
Pass

Declarer is presumed to have five hearts and four diamonds. If partner's lead (♣2, say)gives you a count in that suit, you will have a count on the hand at trick one!

#56 Defenders take tricks with their lower or lowest equal. If you cantake a trick with a jack or the queen, take it with the jack. Taking itwith the queen denies the jack and can screw partner up.
#57 After partner has described his hand and you know what the final
contract should be, bid it! The one who knows, goes! Say partner opens
1NT (15-17) and you have 18 HCP points, balanced. There are least 33
points between the two hands so bid 6NT! If leaping so high scares you,go to a mirror and say 6NT out loud. Do it!
#58 Best Bonus tip of all: DON'T BID THE SAME VALUES TWICE.
DON'T PLAY WITH SOMEONE YOU DON'T LIKE. DON'T SCREAM AT
YOUR PARTNER AND DON'T FORGET TO USE THESE TIPS UNLESS YOU
WANT TO SPEND THE REST OF YOUR LIFE STRUGGLING TO GET TOFIRST BASE....AMEN