RAPID GENDERASSESSMENT
ON THE IMPACT
VIOLENCE AGAINSTWOMENTECHNICAL REPORT - JORDAN SURVEY FIELDWORKAUGUST - SEPTEMBER 2021

1 Introduction
Prompted by strong concern that the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the risk of different forms ofviolence against women and girls, particularly intimate partner/domestic violence, and realizing the need tocollect reliable data that are in line with methodological, safety and ethical standards, UN Womencommissioned Ipsos to conduct a study on the impact of COVID-19 on women’s well-being and safety in 13
countries across several regions all over the world. The participating countries were Albania, Bangladesh,
Cameroon, Colombia, Côte d’Ivoire, Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco, Nigeria, Paraguay, Thailand andUkraine.
The core objectives of the study were to:•collect data on the impacts of COVID-19 on violence against women in low- and middle-income
countries.

•

strengthen measurement and methodologies for violence against women data collection and use.

•strengthen available knowledge on all forms of violence against women and improve capacities tocollect, analyse and use data on violence against women in accordance with globally agreed
methodological, safety and ethical standards.

•

inform where the policy and programmatic response of UN Women should focus and support
UN system-wide efforts to scale up actions to address violence against women in the context of
COVID-19.

The following groups contributed to the project’s management and execution:1.

the UN Women project team, comprising statisticians, researchers and policy specialists;

2. the Technical Advisory Group – an external reference group established by UN Women to provide
independent technical advice and expertise to the project;
3. the Ipsos project team involved in the set-up and delivery of the study; and4. national fieldwork partners.

1

Methodology of the study
Target group
TimingData collection method
Sampling approach
Sample Size

Questionnaire lengthand type

Women aged 18 +•Two-phased approach: Phase I (four countries) took place May-June 2021;
Phase II (nine countries) took place August-September 2021

Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI)•

Random probability sampling with monitoring of quota on age and region•

Random-digit dialling to mobile sample frames•

1,200 women aged 18+ per country•

Target duration of max. 20 minutes•

No open-ended answers•

Informed consent asked to each participant at the beginning of the interview•

Awareness of safety, privacy and confidentiality of women respondents•

Guided by the “do no harm” principle applicable to the women respondents
and the interviewers/research team•The questionnaire was adapted in each country by localizing characters’
names and cultural references (i.e., popular food, music, sports).

ScriptingCentral scripting in software applications - iField and Dimensions

Language

At least one main language per country

The country chapters provide information on the set-up of the data collection process (obtaining of ethicalclearance, sampling and translation), description of the fieldwork, main characteristics of the achieved
sample by several indicators (age group, region, area type, educational attainment), technical information(interview duration, contact outcomes, screen-outs, temporary interview suspension at safety questions,survey dropouts, use of safety word, and item non-response), key field observations and relevant lessons
and recommendations.

22 Country information
2.1

Jordan2.1.1 Obtaining ethical clearance
UN Women sought general support or tacit approval for the study from the Jordanian National Commission
for Women. The ‘no objection’ letter from the Commission was granted on 9 March 2021 in support of the
project.

2.1.2 Sampling plan
A single-frame cell-phone random-digit dialling (RDD) survey design was used to reach a nationally
representative sample of women aged 18+. The sample mirrored the telephone database distribution (framesize) by provider.1 The gross (unscreened) sample included numbers for each of the providers in the country
to the same proportions as in the frame size. In 2020, 68% of the population had a mobile subscription2.
Of the 23,000,000 numbers available in the sample frame, 6,987,8913 (30%) were expected to be working
numbers (based on cell subscriptions in 2020). The sample was pulsed, meaning that a signal was sent to
the randomly generated phone number to verify if the number existed (i.e., if connection could beachieved). The upfront pulsing of the gross sample closely reflected the market shares of the different
operators (in terms of subscriptions). The sample was also screened against business registers so as to
exclude numbers that were used by companies. Further details on the sampling frame are provided in
section 2.4.1 of the main technical report.
To ensure a representative sample, quotas were set on age (18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60+) and region(first-level administrative division), using the following statistical sources:•

Age: Jordan Department of Statistics (Estimated Population of the Kingdom by Governorate andSex, at End-year 2020, 18+ population): Upon request.4•

Region: Jordan Department of Statistics (Estimated Population of the Kingdom by Governorate andSex, at End-year 2020, 18+ population): Upon request.5

1 Jordan Mobile Telephone Services Company – Zain 8,000,000; Petra Jordanian Mobile Telecommunication Company – Orange Mobile 8,000,000;

Petra Jordanian Mobile Telecommunication Company – Orange Mobile 8,000,000.
2 World Bank data, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.CEL.SETS?end=2020&locations=JO&start=2020
3 World Bank Data. 2019. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.CEL.SETS?end=2020&locations=JO&start=2019
4 http://dosweb.dos.gov.jo/DataBank/Population_Estimares/PopulationEstimates.pdf
5 http://dosweb.dos.gov.jo/DataBank/Population_Estimares/PopulationEstimates.pdf

32.1.3 Translation
The questionnaire was translated into Arabic. The translation procedure is explained in more detail in section
2.5.3 of the main technical report.
No issues related to equivalence (conceptual equivalence, semantic equivalence, etc.) were encounteredduring translation.
The questionnaire required localization for several items in the text of the questions and answers, including widely
known, yet neutral in meaning, male and female names, which were used in the vignettes in the Safety Section of thesurvey. In Jordan, the male name used was ‫( ﻋﺎﺻﻢ‬Aasim) and the female, ‫( ﻋﻼ‬Ola).

2.1.4 Fieldwork period
Fieldwork took place between 17 August and 15 September 2021. The fieldwork in Jordan progressed smoothly
and this was the first country to reach the target of 1,200 completes during Phase II of the study. The local
team needed an extension of two day to the originally planned end date of 13 September.

2.1.5 Achieved sample
In total, 1,204 valid interviews were completed in Jordan. For the most part, the distribution of the sample
across age groups was in line with the targets, with the exception of the 60+ age group where the numberof completed interviews was 2 percentage points below the set target.
Table 1: Achieved sample, by age group (Jordan)

Completed %(unweighted)

Weighted%6

Difference
unweighted %vs. target %7

Difference
weighted % vs.
target %Age group

TargetTarget %Completed(unweighted)

18 – 29

448

37%

449

37%

37%

0%

0%

30 – 39

292

24%

297

25%

24%

0%

0%

40 – 49

216

18%

222

18%

18%

0%

0%

50 – 59

128

11%

138

11%

11%

1%

0%

60+

117

10%

98

8%

10%

-2%

0%

The regional targets were met for all regions except Amman and Mafraq with a shortfall of 1 percentage
point each.

6 Weighting procedures are discussed in more detail in section 4.4.2 of the main technical report.
7 The figures in this column reflect the actual difference of the unweighted and target percentages. Any variations are caused by the rounding up of
the percentages in the table.

4

Table 2: Achieved sample, by region (Jordan)

Completed %(unweighted)

Weighted %Difference
unweighted% vs. target%8

Difference
weighted %vs. target %RegionTargetTarget %Completed(unweighted)

Irbid

224

19%

226

19%

19%

0%

0%

Balqa

61

5%

63

5%

5%

0%

0%

Zarqa

164

14%

173

14%

14%

1%

0%

Tafielah

12

1%

13

1%

1%

0%

0%

Amman

520

43%

515

43%

43%

-1%

0%

Aqaba

21

2%

20

2%

2%

0%

0%

Karak

41

3%

43

4%

3%

0%

0%

Mafraq

64

5%

57

5%

5%

-1%

0%

Jerash

29

2%

27

2%

2%

0%

0%

Ajloun

22

2%

22

2%

2%

0%

0%

Madaba

24

2%

25

2%

2%

0%

0%

Ma'an

19

2%

20

2%

2%

0%

0%

The distribution across rural (1.2%) and urban (98.8%) areas (as self-reported by respondents) was relatively
close to data from the World Bank that estimate a total urban population of 91%.9
Table 3: Achieved sample, by area type (Jordan)
Area

Completed (unweighted)

Completed % (unweighted)

Weighted %

Urban

1189

98.8%

98.7%

Rural

15

1.2%

1.3%

A quarter of respondents had completed primary school or had no formal education, while about a third hadcompleted secondary school or attended technical or vocational training, and about 40% had attended atertiary education programme.

8 The figures in this column reflect the actual difference of the unweighted and target percentages. Any variations are caused by the rounding up of
the percentages in the table.
9 World Bank staff estimates based on the United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects: 2018 Revision.

5

Table 4: Achieved sample, by educational attainment (Jordan)
Education level

Completed (unweighted)

Completed % (unweighted)

Weighted %No formal education

57

4.7%

4.8%

Completed primary school

264

21.9%

22.0%

Completed secondary
school

379

31.5%

31.4%

Technical & vocational
training

1

0.1%

0.1%

Completed
university/college

480

39.9%

39.7%

Completed post-graduate

23

1.9%

1.9%

Don't know

57

4.7%

4.8%

Refused

264

21.9%

22.0%

2.1.6 Quality control and data processing
Thirty-four interviews were removed from the Jordan sample because they did not meet the quality criteria
in terms of length, straight-lining and/or item non-response. (Section 4.4 of the main technical reportprovides a detailed description of the implemented quality control procedures and how data were
processed).

2.1.7 Technical information
The interview duration was shorter than the envisaged 20 minutes, at almost 17 minutes on average(compared with a mean of 23 minutes across the nine countries in Phase II).
Table 5: Interview duration (Jordan)
Mean

MedianStandard deviation

16.58

15.52

4.88

The response rate in Jordan was 19.53%, calculated by calculated using the first American Association for
Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) definition of response rate – hat is, the number of complete interviews
divided by the number of interviews (complete plus partial) plus the number of non-interviews (refusal andbreak-off plus non-contacts plus others) plus all cases of unknown eligibility (unknown if housing unit, plus
unknown, other).10
The table below shows the incidence of each outcome code.

10 AAPOR. 2015. Standard Definitions. https://www.aapor.org/AAPOR_Main/media/MainSiteFiles/Standard-Definitions2015_8thEd.pdf

6

Table 6: Contact outcomes (Jordan)
Contact outcomesCount% of all outcomes

Fixed appointment

140%Soft appointment

46

0%Incomplete interview with call-back toresume later

20%

Telephone answering device / voicemail/ message service

1,081

6%

Busy / engaged

168

1%

No answer

2,219

13%

Complete

1,236

7%

Screen-out

8,509

51%

Incomplete interview with no call-back(terminated)

185

1%

Immediate refusal (before eligibility of
respondent has been confirmed)

1,150

7%

Refusal by eligible respondent (after
eligibility of respondent has been
confirmed, but before the actualinterview started)

680%

Respondent never available forappointment

61

0%

Deceased respondent00%

Respondent physically or mentally
unable / incompetent

00%Respondent or household language
problem20

0%Call blocking / barring / do not call list

82

0%

Fax / data line / modem / pager

40%

Non-working / disconnected / dead /bad number

1,552

9%

Non-residential number (business,government office, other organization)

246

1%

Technical issue / CATI system error00%Table 7 provides an overview of specific call outcomes (completed interview, partial interview, and refusals)
by the time of the day (morning, afternoon, evening) and the day of the week. The figures should be7

interpreted with caution, as they do not reflect the percentage out of all contact attempts performed
during this time/on that day, but the split of these specific outcomes across the time of the day/day of theweek. Feedback from the field team on the best time and the best day to obtain an interview is provided in
section 2.1.8.
Table 7: Call outcome, by time of the day and day of the week (Jordan)

SundayMondayTuesday

WednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdayCompleted interviews

Partial interviews

Refusals

Count

%

Count

%

Count

%

Morning

39

3%

19

8%

0

0%

Afternoon

108

9%

30

12%

1

25%

Evening

11

1%

4

2%

0

0%

Morning

64

5%

14

6%

0

0%

Afternoon

109

9%

19

8%

1

25%

Evening

11

1%

3

1%

0

0%

Morning

45

4%

6

2%

0

0%

Afternoon

128

10%

25

10%

2

50%

Evening

15

1%

4

2%

0

0%

Morning

57

5%

16

7%

0

0%

Afternoon

145

12%

25

10%

0

0%

Evening

5

0%

1

0%

0

0%

Morning

56

5%

7

3%

0

0%

Afternoon

100

8%

10

4%

0

0%

Evening

6

0%

0

0%

0

0%

Morning

33

3%

10

4%

0

0%

Afternoon

138

11%

17

7%

0

0%

Evening

6

0%

3

1%

0

0%

Morning

51

4%

11

4%

0

0%

Afternoon

105

8%

22

9%

0

0%

Evening

8

1%

0

0%

0

0%

Seventy per cent of the sample called were men and so screened out at the very beginning of the survey.
Thereafter, only a small number of people were screened out: 12 because they were not yet 18 years old,four because they did not want to participate, and one because they did not understand fully the purposeof the survey.

8

Table 8: Screen-outs (Jordan)
Question

AnswerCount% of total answered

S3

Sex: Male

5,170

70.2%

S4_1 and S4_2

Age: Below 18 years

12

0.3%

S1

Willing to participate: No

4

0.2%

S6

Understand purpose: No

1

0.1%

S7

Understand confidentiality: No

0

0.0%

The interview was temporarily discontinued in six cases because the respondent answered “no” to one of thefour ‘safety’ questions (listed in Table 1.31 below).
Table 9: Temporary interview suspension due to responses at safety questions (Jordan)
Question

AnswerCount% of total answered

S2

Can you let me know if the speaker phone is off? No

4

0.2%

S5

Can you confirm if now is a good time? No

1

0.1%

B01

Can you confirm that there is no one around you over the age of
two that can overhear our conversation? No

1

0.1%

C18

Alternatively, if someone over two is listening to our call or is nearby
that can hear, please say no. No00%

Two hundred forty-seven respondents dropped out of the survey. The table below shows the questions at
which the dropouts occurred. The largest numbers of dropouts were at A01 (37), C31 (22), A07 (16), B02 (16)and A12 (15).
Table 10: Survey dropouts, by question (Jordan)
Question

Question text

No. of participants
dropped out% of total
dropouts

S11

Great. If you don’t have any further questions we can proceed. Now
we just need a bit more information about you. Would you consider
the area you live in to be urban or rural?

9

3.6%

A01

What is your marital status?

37

15.0%

A07_ASKHow many of the people living in your household are aged 0–17?

16

6.5%

A08_ASKHow many of the people living in your household are men aged 18
or over?

6

2.4%

A06

How many people, including yourself, live in your household?

5

2.0%

A02

What is the highest level of education that you completed?

6

2.4%

A03

Which of the following best describes what you mainly do each
day…?

11

4.5%

9

Question

Question text

No. of participants
dropped out% of total
dropouts

A04

In addition to this, do you do any activity that generates an income,even if only for a few hours a week?

1

0.4%

A04_1

Would you say that the money that you earn is…

3

1.2%

A05

Do you have difficulty doing any of the following – walking, seeing(even when wearing glasses), hearing (even with hearing
assistance), remembering or concentrating, self-caring orcommunicating?

6

2.4%

A11

Has your household’s income changed at all since the onset of the
COVID-19 pandemic?

6

2.4%

A12

During the last month, was there a time when, because of lack ofmoney or other resources, you or others in your household…

15

6.1%

B01

Thank you for your responses so far. I am now going to ask you
some questions related to your health. Before we begin this section,
can you confirm that there is no one around you over the age of 2
that can overhear our conversation?

2

0.8%

B02

I would now like to ask you some questions about your thoughts
and feelings since the onset of the COVID-19 situation. How often
have you been bothered by the following problems since the onsetof the COVID-19 situation? Please answer with: not at all, several
days, more than half the days, or nearly every day.

16

6.5%

B04

Overall, would you say your own mental or emotional health (e.g.,stress, anxiety, confidence, etc.) has been affected AS A RESULT OF
THE COVID-19 SITUATION?

2

0.8%

C02

To what extent, if at all, do you feel safe when walking alone during
the day in the area where you live?

12

4.9%

C03

To what extent, if at all, do you feel safe when walking alone atnight in the area where you live?

3

1.2%

C04

How, if at all, has your feeling of safety while walking alone at nightchanged SINCE THE ONSET OF COVID-19?

4

1.6%

C07

To what extent do you think that physical harm, abuse, orharassment of women is a problem in the area where you live?

3

1.2%

C08

How, if at all, do you think physical harm, abuse, or harassment of
women in the area where you live have changed SINCE COVID-19?

3

1.2%

C10

How common do you think this type of situation is for women in
the area where you live?

6

24%

10

Question

Question text

No. of participants
dropped out% of total
dropouts

C11

Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has made things better,worse or the same for [Scripter: insert Female name] from thisstory?

3

1.2%

C12

Do you think [Scripter: insert Female name] would seek help for thissituation?

4

1.6%

C13

Who would [Scripter: insert Female name] most likely seek help
from?

3

1.2%

C14

How common do you think this type of situation is for women in
the area where you live?

3

1.2%

C15

Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has made things better,worse or the same for [Scripter: insert Female name] from this story
in terms of her feelings of safety?

1

0.4%

C17

Who would [Scripter: insert Female name] most likely seek help
from?

2

0.8%

C19

When people live together in the same household, they usuallyshare both good and bad moments. And it is normal for people wholive together to have arguments. How often in the last six months
would you say that adults in your household have argued or have
had some sort of conflict among themselves?

3

1.2%

C20

Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has made conflict
between adults in your household more frequent, less frequent or
about the same?

1

0.4%

C21

In the last six months, did you ever feel unsafe in your home?

2

0.8%

C22

Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has made things better,worse or the same in terms of how safe you feel in your home?

1

0.4%

C23

Why do you feel unsafe in your home?

3

1.2%

C25

Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has limited yourinteractions with your friends and social groups, such as seeing or
speaking to them?

3

1.2%

3

1.2%

C28A_

Please tell me how many of the following statements you regard astrue:
1. I prefer [LOCAL FOOD ONE] to [LOCAL FOOD TWO]
2. I like [NAME OF WELL-KNOWN LOCAL MUSICIAN, BUT NOT ONE
EVERYONE LIKES]
3. I have been slapped or hit by my husband or partner BEFORE THE
ONSET OF COVID-19
4.
Women in my family enjoy watching [POPULAR LOCALSPORT].
11

Question

Question text

No. of participants
dropped out% of total
dropouts

C29A_

Please tell me how many of the following statements you regard as
true:

2

0.8%

C29_1

INTERVIEWER: PLEASE ASSESS WHETHER YOU THINK THE
RESPONDENT UNDERSTOOD HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION.
FOR INSTANCE, DID THE RESPONDENT ASK FOR INSTRUCTIONS TO
BE REPEATED? DID THEY TAKE A LONG TIME TO ANSWER? DID THEYSEEM UNSURE?

1

0.4%

C29B_

Please tell me how many of the following statements you regard astrue:
1. People in my family have played [POPULAR LOCAL SPORT].
2. I like [NAME OF WELL-KNOWN TV SHOW, BUT NOT ONE
EVERYONE LIKES]
3. I prefer [LOCAL FOOD THREE] to [LOCAL FOOD FOUR]
98. Don’t know
99. Refused

1

0.4%

C29_2

INTERVIEWER: PLEASE ASSESS WHETHER YOU THINK THE
RESPONDENT UNDERSTOOD HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION.
FOR INSTANCE, DID THE RESPONDENT ASK FOR INSTRUCTIONS TO
BE REPEATED? DID THEY TAKE A LONG TIME TO ANSWER? DID THEYSEEM UNSURE?

1

0.4%

C30

Now I’m going to ask you about some situations that you or any
other women you know may have experienced. For each situation,please tell if you or any other women you know have experienced
this only before the start of COVID-19, only since the start of COVID19, both before and since the start of COVID-19, or not at all. Pleaselisten carefully and just answer “yes” or “no” for each question I ask.

4

1.6%

C31

Are any of the following support services available for women inyour community?

22

8.9%

S12

And as a final question, I would like to know if you have anothermobile phone number besides the one I am calling you on? IF YES:
How many other mobile phone numbers do you have?

12

4.9%

Total

247

100%

As previously explained, and as part of the safety protocols, respondents were given a safe word, a specificpopular local food (PLF), that they could use if they were disturbed by a third party or otherwise felt unsafe
at any point during the interview. In Jordan, the food used was “‫( ”ﻣﻨﺴﻒ‬Mansaf). This word was used fivetimes during the course of fieldwork. The table below shows the questions at which this occurred.

12

Table 11: Use of popular local food, per question (Jordan)
Question

Question text

PLF mentioned

A05

Do you have difficulty doing any of the following – walking, seeing (even when
wearing glasses), hearing (even with hearing assistance), remembering orconcentrating, self-caring, or communicating?

1

C08

How, if at all, do you think physical harm, abuse, or harassment of women in thearea where you live have changed SINCE COVID-19?

1

C11

Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has made things better, worse or the samefor [Scripter: insert Female name] from this story?

1

C17

Who would [Scripter: insert Female name] most likely seek help from?

1

C19

When people live together in the same household, they usually share both good andbad moments. And it is normal for people who live together to have arguments. How
often in the last six months would you say that adults in your household haveargued or have had some sort of conflict among themselves?

1

Total

5

In terms of item non-response (INR), this varied across the survey but was highest at A01 (21%). A high INR forquestions that ask about marital status is not unusual in Jordan. This question is considered sensitive forwomen and also caused high dropout rates in Jordan. This difference may in part reflect the fact that theanswer options in the question were adjusted for Phase II (discussed in detail in section 2.5.2 of the technicalreport), with the original ‘Married’ option split into two different options: ‘Married, spouse partner is residing
with you’ and ‘Married, spouse/partner is residing elsewhere’. It is possible that the new version raised somesensitivities for women – for example, they may have been reluctant to report that their husband did not livewith them – and thus contributed to high item non-response at this question.
Other questions with high INR were C31_4 (5.4%), C31_1 (5.20%) and C08 (4.80%) all related to changes
resulting from/the impact of the pandemic and availability of support services for women.
Table 12: Item non-response (Jordan)
Question

Question text

Item non-response

A01

What is your marital status?

21.00%

A03

Which of the following best describes what you mainly do each day…?

0.10%

A04_1

Would you say that the money that you earn is…

0.30%

A05

Do you have difficulty doing any of the following – walking, seeing (evenwhen wearing glasses), hearing (even with hearing assistance), rememberingor concentrating, self-caring, or communicating?

0.30%

A08

How many of the people living in your household are men aged 18 or over?

0.10%

A11

Has your household’s income changed at all since the onset of the COVID-19
pandemic?

0.20%

A12_1

During the last month, was there a time when, because of lack of money orother resources, you or others in your household…
1. were worried you would not have enough food to eat?

0.20%

13

A12_2

During the last month, was there a time when, because of lack of money orother resources, you or others in your household…
2. were unable to eat healthy and nutritious food?

0.20%

A12_3

During the last month, was there a time when, because of lack of money orother resources, you or others in your household…
3. ate only a few kinds of food?

0.10%

A12_4

During the last month, was there a time when, because of lack of money orother resources, you or others in your household…
4. had to skip a meal?

0.20%

A12_5

During the last month, was there a time when, because of lack of money orother resources, you or others in your household…
5. ate less than you thought you should?

0.10%

A12_7

During the last month, was there a time when, because of lack of money orother resources, you or others in your household…
7. were hungry but did not eat?

0.20%

A12_8

During the last month, was there a time when, because of lack of money orother resources, you or others in your household…
8. went without eating for a whole day?

0.10%

B02_1

I would now like to ask you some questions about your thoughts and feelings
since the onset of the COVID-19 situation. How often have you been botheredby the following problems since the onset of the COVID-19 situation? Pleaseanswer with: not at all, several days, more than half the days, or nearly everyday.
1. Not being able to stop or control worrying

0.10%

B02_2

I would now like to ask you some questions about your thoughts and feelings
since the onset of the COVID-19 situation. How often have you been botheredby the following problems since the onset of the COVID-19 situation? Pleaseanswer with: not at all, several days, more than half the days, or nearly everyday.
2. Having little interest or pleasure in doing things

0.20%

B02_3

I would now like to ask you some questions about your thoughts and feelings
since the onset of the COVID-19 situation. How often have you been botheredby the following problems since the onset of the COVID-19 situation? Pleaseanswer with: not at all, several days, more than half the days, or nearly everyday.
3. Feeling down, depressed or hopeless

0.20%

B04

Overall, would you say your own mental or emotional health (e.g., stress,
anxiety, confidence, etc.) has been affected AS A RESULT OF THE COVID-19
SITUATION?

0.20%

C02

To what extent, if at all, do you feel safe when walking alone during the day inthe area where you live?

0,.40%

C03

To what extent, if at all, do you feel safe when walking alone at night in thearea where you live?

2.20%

14

C04

How, if at all, has your feeling of safety while walking alone at night changed
SINCE THE ONSET OF COVID-19?

3.60%

C07

To what extent do you think that physical harm, abuse, or harassment of
women is a problem in the area where you live?

1.70%

C08

How, if at all, do you think physical harm, abuse, or harassment of women in
the area where you live have changed SINCE COVID-19?

4.80%

C10

How common do you think this type of situation is for women in the area
where you live?

3.60%

C11

Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has made things better, worse or thesame for [Scripter: insert Female name] from this story?

1.10%

C12

Do you think [Scripter: insert Female name] would seek help for thissituation?

2.40%

C13

Who would [Scripter: insert Female name] most likely seek help from?

1.50%

C14

How common do you think this type of situation is for women in the area
where you live?

1.90%

C15

Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has made things better, worse or thesame for [Scripter: insert Female name] from this story in terms of her
feelings of safety?

1.90%

C16

Do you think [Scripter: insert Female name] would seek help for thissituation?

1.80%

C17

Who would [Scripter: insert Female name] most likely seek help from?

1.80%

C19

When people live together in the same household, they usually share both
good and bad moments. And it is normal for people who live together to havearguments. How often in the last six months would you say that adults inyour household have argued or have had some sort of conflict among
themselves?

0.30%

C20

Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has made conflict between adults inyour household more frequent, less frequent or about the same?

0.90%

C22

Would you say the situation of COVID-19 has made things better, worse or thesame in terms of how safe you feel in your home?

0.20%

C23_3

Why do you feel unsafe in your home?
3. I am unable to communicate/reach out for help

0.20%

C23_4

Why do you feel unsafe in your home?
4. I am living with people I cannot trust

0.10%

C23_11

Why do you feel unsafe in your home?
11. Something else

0.20%

C24

How often, if at all, did you go out of your house by yourself in the lastmonth?

0.20%

C28A

Please tell me how many of the following statements you regard as true:
1. I prefer [LOCAL FOOD ONE] to [LOCAL FOOD TWO]

0.10%

15

2. I like [NAME OF WELL-KNOWN LOCAL MUSICIAN, BUT NOT ONE EVERYONE
LIKES]
3. I have been slapped or hit by my husband or partner BEFORE THE ONSET OF
COVID-19
4. Women in my family enjoy watching [POPULAR LOCAL SPORT].

C28B

Please tell me how many of the following statements you regard as true:
1. People in my family have played [POPULAR LOCAL SPORT].
2. I have been slapped or hit by my husband or partner AFTER THE ONSET OF
COVID-19
3. I like [NAME OF WELL-KNOWN TV SHOW, BUT NOT ONE EVERYONE LIKES]
4. I prefer [LOCAL FOOD THREE] to [LOCAL FOOD FOUR]

0.10%

C29A

Please tell me how many of the following statements you regard as true:

0.20%

C29B

Please tell me how many of the following statements you regard as true:
1. People in my family have played [POPULAR LOCAL SPORT].
2. I like [NAME OF WELL-KNOWN TV SHOW, BUT NOT ONE EVERYONE LIKES]
3. I prefer [LOCAL FOOD THREE] to [LOCAL FOOD FOUR]
98. Don’t know
99. Refused

0.10%

C30_1

Now I’m going to ask you about some situations that you or any other women
you know may have experienced. For each situation, please tell if you or any
other women you know have experienced this only before the start of COVID19, only since the start of COVID-19, both before and since the start of COVID19, or not at all. Please listen carefully and just answer “yes” or “no” for eachquestion I ask.
1. Been slapped, hit, kicked, had things thrown at them, or other physical harm

1.60%

C30_2

Now I’m going to ask you about some situations that you or any other women
you know may have experienced. For each situation, please tell if you or any
other women you know have experienced this only before the start of COVID19, only since the start of COVID-19, both before and since the start of COVID19, or not at all. Please listen carefully and just answer “yes” or “no” for eachquestion I ask.
2. Been yelled at, called names, humiliated

1.10%

C30_3

Now I’m going to ask you about some situations that you or any other women
you know may have experienced. For each situation, please tell if you or any
other women you know have experienced this only before the start of COVID19, only since the start of COVID-19, both before and since the start of COVID19, or not at all. Please listen carefully and just answer “yes” or “no” for eachquestion I ask.
3. Had resources (like healthcare) or basic needs (like money, food, water,
shelter) denied

1.10%

C30_4

Now I’m going to ask you about some situations that you or any other women
you know may have experienced. For each situation, please tell if you or any
other women you know have experienced this only before the start of COVID19, only since the start of COVID-19, both before and since the start of COVID19, or not at all. Please listen carefully and just answer “yes” or “no” for eachquestion I ask.

1.00%

16

4. Been forced to stay alone for long period of time or denied communication
with other people

C30_5

Now I’m going to ask you about some situations that you or any other women
you know may have experienced. For each situation, please tell if you or any
other women you know have experienced this only before the start of COVID19, only since the start of COVID-19, both before and since the start of COVID19, or not at all. Please listen carefully and just answer “yes” or “no” for eachquestion I ask.
5. Been the subject of inappropriate jokes, suggestive comments, leering, or
unwelcome touch/kisses

1.30%

C31_1

Are any of the following support services available for women in yourcommunity?
1. Information about security/crime prevention

5.20%

C31_2

Are any of the following support services available for women in yourcommunity?
2. Access to basic needs such as shelter, food, clothing

1.40%

C31_3

Are any of the following support services available for women in yourcommunity?
3. Medical support

1.20%

C31_4

Are any of the following support services available for women in yourcommunity?
4. Someone to talk to like professional mental health experts

5.40%

C31_5

Are any of the following support services available for women in yourcommunity?
5. Legal support or help in reporting the incident or dealing with police

1.90%

C31_6

Are any of the following support services available for women in yourcommunity?
6. Financial support

2.70%

2.1.8 Field observations
This section describes the observations made by Field Managers and interviewers in the course of fieldwork.
The observations relate to the most productive days for fieldwork, the main reasons for refusal to take partin the survey; challenges of reaching certain age groups, and the clarity of terms, concepts and questions,among other topics. The observations effectively complement the fieldwork statistics included in theprevious section, providing a more nuanced picture of the fieldwork experience.
•

According to the field team, best days for calling respondents were the middle of the work week in
Jordan (Monday and Tuesday) between 12 pm and 5 pm.

•

The main reasons for refusals to take part in the survey were a lack of time because therespondents were busy, not being interested in the survey or having concerns related to therepeated instructions to take the survey in private.

17•The oldest age group (60+) were less represented in the RDD sample frame. Based on theobservations of the field team, a considerably lower number of women in this age group own
mobile phones and were thus harder to reach.

•

The (telephone) data-collection method was perceived as appropriate. Interviewers had theimpression that women were interested in the study and a lot of them were very motivated tocomplete the survey in order to share their experiences and opinion in relation to the topic. Women
were extra motivated and reassured by the mention that the study is conducted on behalf of
UN Women.

In terms of observations relating to the survey questionnaire:•

Regarding specific questions, respondents seemed to be hesitant to answer the question on marital
status, which was evident by the higher number of dropouts to this question registered for Jordan.

•

The popular local food safe word was used properly by all respondents in order to stop the interview
whenever another person entered the room and the respondents were no longer alone.

•

There are no questions that respondents found difficult to answer and if respondents had any smalldifficulties the interviewers took extra effort to clarify questions when respondents did notunderstand them.

•With more sensitive questions respondents took longer to answer and needed more time to think.
They would also lower the tone of their voice whenever they felt somewhat uncomfortable toanswer a question they found sensitive.

2.1.9 Lessons learned and recommendations
This section draws upon the fieldwork statistics and observations outlined in the previous sections to provide
recommendations for future surveys on violence against women in Jordan. Specifically, whether remote datacollection can be considered as an appropriate approach to develop an evidence base on perceptions andincidence.
•

CATI and the use of a single-frame cell phone RDD design worked well in Jordan and the researchers
recommend considering this approach for future data collection activities on violence against
women. That said, older women (60+) and those living in certain regions (Amman and Mafraq)
were more difficult than other groups to reach with the RDD sample. This should be reflected in thetime dedicated to active data collection in future surveys with age- and region-based quotas. A
longer fieldwork period would help to ensure the quotas are uniformly achieved. In the case of aface-to-face approach, a longer fieldwork period would be absolutely necessary owing to the extra
time required for physical visits to prospective respondents’ homes.

•

Given the field team’s observations that weekdays were among the most productive days forfieldwork, the researchers recommend focusing the data collection activities via CATI on theseparticular days of the week, specifically in the afternoon hours, while at the same time remaining
mindful of the need to avoid skewing the sample by interviewing only the most easy-to-reach
women.

18

•In terms of average length of interviews in Jordan – no specific recommendations are to be made.
The local interviewing team managed to reduce the average length of interviews from 31 minutes
during the first week of the fieldwork to 17 minutes at the time of completion of the fieldwork.

•

Twenty-one per cent did not answer the question on marital status (A01), which was placed at the
beginning of the survey. The issue was also evident to varying degrees across most of the other
Phase II countries. As mentioned previously, the wording of the answer options to A01 was adjusted
in Phase II of the study and this may in part have contributed to the higher item non-response rate
observed. This point notwithstanding, generally the researchers recommend placing potentiallysensitive sociodemographic questions like marital status towards the end of a survey (rather thanat the beginning as was the case in the Rapid Gender Assessment Survey), by which point somerapport will have been built between the interviewer and the respondent, making it easier for theinterviewer to obtain an answer to the question. Including it at the end will also help to ensure thatit does not cause dropouts early on in the survey.

19© 2022 UN Women. All rights reserved.
The views expressed in this publication arethose of the author(s) and do not necessarily
represent the views of UN Women, the United
Nations or any of its affiliated organizations.
Produced by the Women Count programme
Research partner: Ipsos
Editor: Jen Ross
Design: Ouissal Hmazzou

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