UNFCCC COP17 Side Event
Low Carbon Society in Asia: from Planning to Implementation

Low‐carbon Developmentin Asia‐ Challenges and JICA’s Assistance ‐December 2, 2011
Masayuki KARASAWA (Mr.)
Director, Office for Climate Change
JICA Global Environment Department
11. JICA’s Approach: Development Cooperation for Low‐carbon
and Climate Resilient Development
ComprehensiveAssistance

Climate Change,
A Global Agenda＜Mitigation: Low‐carbon Society＞

 Strategic Mitigation Actions

Climate Compatible
Sustainable Development
Energy, Transport, Forestry,Waste Management, etc.

（NAMA、MRV、REDD+, etc.）*

 Low‐carbon Technologies

FinancialAssistanceTechnicalCooperation（Renewables, Energy Efficiency, etc.)

 Efficient Use of Resources, etc.
（Mass Transit, Smart‐grid, etc.）

Reduction ofGHG
Emission

Equitable
GrowthPolicy & Institutional Reform,
Finance Mechanism,
Human Resource Development

Responding
to Climate
ChangeSustainable
Development

Enhancing
AdaptiveCapacity

HumanSecurity

 Modeling / Vulnerability Assessment（Climate Prediction, GIS**, etc.）

 Enhancing Adaptive Capacity
Policy Dialogue
Public-Private
PartnershipResearch / Studies（Awareness, Early Warning System, etc.)

 Resilient Infrastructure（Irrigation, Flood Control, etc.）＜Adaptation: Climate Resilient Society＞• NAMA (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions)
MRV (measurable, reportable, verifiable)
REDD+ (Reduction of Emission from Deforestation and Degradation)**GIS (Geographic Information System)

Disaster Risk Management,Water, Agriculture.
Sanitation, etc.

2. Strategy to Realize Low Carbon Society in Asia
1.Extending Low Carbon Development
Comprehensive support from research, policy andinstitutional improvement down to transformational
impact at the project level
 Promoting low‐carbon development utilizing cutting‐edge technologies of Japan
2.Regional Networking for Low‐carbon Society In the are of research, policy planning andthe implementation, promoting dialogue andexchange lessons learned through mutual training
among Asian countries33. Assistance for Low‐carbon Development

Figuring out current social,economic, natural andmeteorological circumstances
Designing possible
development scenarios
Sorting out tangible policies andmeasures to achieve a low‐carbon
development•••

Adjusting appropriate national
policies and measures
Introducing innovative low‐
carbon technologies
Utilizing other measures including
market mechanisms

Challenges for Asia Vision & Analysis of Low‐
carbon Development Path Strategy and Financing Plansfor Investment
 Promoting Private Sector
Participation

Analyzing each policy andmeasure in terms of cost‐effectiveness, technology
availability, etc.

Developing Nationally Appropriate
Low‐carbon Development Strategy

Capacity Development
Correcting Data and Developing Database

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4.Malaysia‐Japan Joint Research Project for Development ofLCS Scenarios for Asian Regions (TA)Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development(SATREPS)International Cooperation

Science & Technology Research•To Address global issues through science& technology innovation by Japan’s world‐
leading technology & soft power

Research Members+•Boosting self‐reliant research &development capacity in developing
countries through joint research by Official
Development Assistance(ODA)

Modeling Workshop• Develop methodology of LCS Scenarios suitable for Asian countries in Malaysia
as a showcase of rapid development regions in Asia
• Incorporate research outputs into real planning of regional/national
development to establish low carbon society in Malaysia• Diffuse project outcomes to other Asian countries through training in Malaysia
to enhance low carbon development in whole Asia55

8. Outline of “Project of Capacity Development for Climate Change Strategies in Indonesia”
1. CURRENT STATUSPROJECT FRAMEWORK

・Substantial GHG emissions, if including deforestation and peat land conversion
・Increase in GHG emissions due to economic development and population growth・High vulnerability to climate change impacts, particularly among poor communities

Overall Goal：Promote mitigation and adaptation actions forclimate change in Indonesia

2. THE EFFORTS BY THE GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA

Project Purpose：Capacity Development of the Government ofIndonesia to formulate climate change policies

・National Action Plan on Climate Change; COP13 in Bali (2007)
・National Development Planning: Indonesia Responses to Climate Change ; Establishment of National Council on Climate Change (2008)
・Indonesia Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap ; Announcement of the commitment to 26% GHG emission reduction (2009)
・Association with the Copenhagen Accord (2010)

SUB‐PROJECT1①NAMA in a MRV manner②Integration of adaption into development planning③Background study for RPJMN 2015‐2019

3. INDONESIA’S 26% GHG EMISSION REDUCTION＜7 Areas of Mitigation Actions＞①Sustainable Peat Land Management, ②Reduction in Rate of Deforestation and Land Degradation, ③Development of Carbon Sequestration,④Promotion of Energy Efficiency, ⑤Development of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources, ⑥Reduction in Solid and Liquid Waste,⑦Shifting to Low‐Emission Transportation Mode

SUB‐PROJECT2
Vulnerability Assessment

SUB‐PROJECT3
National GHG Inventory

PROJECT OUTLINE(1) Counterpart: National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS), The Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics （BMKG）, Ministry of Environment(KLH) , etc.
(2) Area: Indonesia at the national level and pilot areas(3) Duration: 5years from 2010(4) Project Budget: about 1.1billion yen(5) Inputs: ①experts（chief advisor, vulnerability assessment, national GHG inventory, project coordinator） & consulting teams,②training (long/short term), ③local project cost, etc.

CHIEF ADVISOR (JICA Senior Advisor)

SUB‐PROJECT1
Formulate NAMA in a MRV manner andIntegrate adaption into development planning■Counterpart: BAPPENAS■Sub‐Project Outputs:①Capacity for formulating NAMA in a MRV manner ②
Capacity for integrating adaptation into development
planning③ Background study for RPJMN 2015‐2019 on low carbon
development policy
・ Pilot sectors for NAMA: sector/sub‐sectors relating toEnergy Efficiency and Waste
・ Pilot Sites: to be determined

Stakeholdersin Indonesia
Other donors
Inputsfrom JapanSUB‐PROJECT2
Vulnerability Assessment■Counterpart: BMKG
■Sub‐project Outputs:① Capacity for climate change projection andverification (assessment of exposure)②Capacity for assessment of adaptive capacity
・ Pilot Site: Bali
・ Produce vulnerability assessment report,
including vulnerability maps

SUB‐PROJECT3
Prepare national GHG Inventories■Counterpart: KLH■ Sub‐project Outputs:① Capacity to periodically and systematically collect andcompile data necessary for national GHG inventories② Accuracy and reliability of GHG inventories for eachsector③institutional arrangement for preparing national GHG
inventories
・ Produce draft national GHG Inventory reports (2008and 2010 )・BAPPENAS
・KLH
・local governments,etc.
・GTZ （NAMA/MRV）・EU （MRV）, etc.

•BMKG ・KLH ・relevant line ministries
・local governments, etc.

・KLH ・relevant line ministries
・local governments , etc.

・GTZ （vulnerability assessment）, etc.

・UNDP (national communication), etc.

・long-term expert （JICA SeniorAdvisor） & consultant team・long- & short-term training, etc.

・long-term expert（Stockholm Environmental Institute)・long-term training（Ibaraki Univ.）, etc.

・long-term expert （National Institute ofEnvironmental Studies GHG Inventory Office）& consultant team, etc.

1. Integral Approach
Linkage with the Climate Change
Program Loan

2. Flexible Approach
Set flexible TOR for 5‐year project
duration to be able to respond to thechanging landscape of negotiation
process on post‐2012 framework.

3. Actively Share theoutputs and lessons learnedwith International
communitye.g.) UNFCCC/COP, academic societies

5. Extending Low Carbon Development in Asia
Utilizing Cutting‐Edge Technologies of Japan (A Case of Indonesia)
Upstream Policy Support
Lahendong Geothermal
Plant in Indonesia

Public funds notenough to develop theestimated 27,000 MW
potential in Indonesia’s
geothermal power
Private sector finance iscrucial to develop
geothermal, a low‐
carbon solution toIndonesia’s power
supply Low Carbon and Resilient Development Program(ODA concessional loan)
 Supporting MRV, NAMA (technical assistance)Preparation of Master Plans(Technical Assistance)

Geothermal Power Development
Mid‐long Term Thermal Power Development

Supporting Infrastructure
Development(ODA concessional loan + introductionof Japanese technology)

JICA listens to the private
sector to identify barriers
for participationJICA discusses with theGovernment of Indonesia
on private sector
engagement policy ingeothermal
Regulatory environment isimproved

Promoting construction of highly efficient coal fired
power plants and geothermal power plants

 Promoting economic development & low‐carbon society Introducing monitoring system toward the goal of 26% GHG reduction by 2020 set
by the Government of Indonesia
76. Extending Low Carbon Development in Asia
Utilizing Cutting‐Edge Technologies of Japan (A Case of Vietnam)
Upstream Policy Support
 Support Program to Respond to Climate Change(SP‐RCC, ODA concessional loan)
 Supporting GHG Inventory (technical assistance)
Photo: from recent
training course forVietnam powerengineers

Preparation of Master Plans(Technical Assistance)Promoting Energy Efficiency and Conservation

 Promoting economic development & GHG emission reduction
 Financing and consulting to firms for introducing energy efficientequipment
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Promotion(ODA concessional loan + introduction of Japanese technology)
87. Low‐carbon and Climate‐resilient Development Framework‐ Pioneering Examples from Indonesia and Vietnam ‐Towards a Low‐carbon and Climate‐resilient Society
National Development Strategy, Budget Allocation & Finance
Plans and Policy Coordination
Mitigation Actions

Adaptation Actions

 NAMA* and MRV of Mitigation Effects
 Energy, Forestry, Transportation, etc.

 Climate prediction & vulnerability assessment
 Disaster prevention, agriculture, fisheries, etc.

Platformfor Policy
Coordination

Development Policy Loan for Climate Change

Physical Infrastructure
Development

Policy & InstitutionalImprovement

・Renewable energy
・Energy efficiency
・Urban transport
・Flood management, etc.

・Geothermal IPP
investment regulations
・Energy efficiency
labeling system, etc

Capacity
Building・Climate change project‐ion model analysis
・Formulation of NAMA*
in a MRV manner, etc.

IndividualPolicy,
Programand Projects98. Regional Partnership to achieve Low Carbon Society

172 mil USD(Thai. ODA
Report07/08)

Indonesia

Singapore

Brunei

PP(1994)

ThailandCambodiaPP(1994)

Lao PDR

PP(2003)

Malaysia

ASEAN Secretariat

Viet Nam

Philippines
PP(2002)

China

MyanmarAdviser,
Pilot
Programfor MDG

Korea

Japan/JICA
820 mil
USD
9.48 bill(MOF HP, China 2009)(DAC,USD
2009)(DAC, 2009) framework where JICA
PP: Partnership Program is a strategic and comprehensive
app. 2 bill USDand Partner country jointly implement technical cooperation.

9. Supporting IAI (Initiative for ASEAN Integration)
for Networking toward Low‐carbon Society
CLMV
Cambodia, Laos,Myanmar, Vietnam
Needs
IAI Unit of ASEAN
Resources
ASEAN 6
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand

J‐SEAM(Japan‐Southeast Asian Meetingfor South‐South Cooperation)
Supporting Partnershipfor Training in Third Countries(Environmental Management,Irrigation Management, etc.)

Intra‐regional Partnership
including JICA
(Matching Needs & Resources)

Example: Pilot Program in Laos：
Promoting “Environmental Sustainable City” in Laos(including preparation of guideline)10.Future Policy Development(Networking and Extending Low Carbon Development in Asia,
the Year of Sharing and Promoting Ideas (2012))

1．East Asia Low‐carbon Growth Partnership (Tokyo)
Initiative for constructing low‐carbon growth modelin East Asia, the global growth center and thelargest emitter of GHG
2．Asian Development Forum (Bangkok)
Deepening the understanding on policy and actions
for environmental protection by emerging countries
in Asia, focus on Green Growth
3．IMF – World Bank Annual Meeting (Tokyo)
4．COP18 (Qatar)
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Thank you for your attention.
Contact:
Masayuki KARASAWA(Mr.)
Director, Office for Climate Change
Global Environment Department
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
E‐mail: gegoc@jica.go.jp
TEL: +81‐3‐5218‐8470

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