Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Institute of Global Innovation Research

グローバルイノベーション研究院 公開セミナー
Institute of Global Innovation Research Open Seminar

Extracellular vesicles: their rolein normal and pathological physiology
Prof. Richard J. Simpson
Department of Biochemistry and Genetics,
La Trobe University, Australia

Friday,November 6, 2020
13:30 ～via ZOOM 

Abstract
Secretion and exchange of EVs by most cell types is emerging as a central paradigm for intercellularcommunication. Although much is known about EVs there is still lack of definition as to how many
naturally-occurring EV classes/subtypes there are and how their properties and functionalities might differ. An
understanding of this problem is critical if EVs are to be fully harnessed for therapeutic applications such as
regenerative medicine, vaccination against infectious disease, and EV vaccines for cancer therapeutics.
EVs modulate recipient cell behaviour by transfer of intrinsic cargo constituents such as oncogenic proteins,cytokines, infectious proteins, RNA species, DNA, lipids, and metabolites. There is now an increasing awareness thatEVs play a critical role in the development of diverse pathologies such as cancer (e.g., pre-metastatic nicheformation), neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious diseases. Collectively, these studies have engenderedsignificant interest in harvesting EVs for therapeutic applications - leading to several clinical and pre-clinicalinvestigations of EV-based therapies.
To date, two major EV classes have been described: 30-1000 nm diameter microvesicles referred to as shedmicrovesicles (sMVs) or membrane blebs) and 30-150 nm diameter EVs, referred to as exosomes. Accruing evidence
reveals subtypes within each EV class. sMVs are generated by directly outward budding from the plasma membrane.
By contrast, exosome biogenesis involves the early/late endosomal pathway and the inward budding of multivesicularbody (MVB) luminal membranes to form intraluminal vesicles; MVBs then traffic to and fuse with the plasma
membrane whereupon they release their ILV contents into extracellular space (henceforth referred to as exosomes).
Given that most EV functional studies are performed using ill-defined EV preparations, it is very difficult to ascribe
function to a specific EV subtype – this has potential ramifications when designing EV therapeutics such as possible
EV-subtype side-effects in clinical investigations.
In this lecture I will overview EV classification, discuss isolation methods, and outline diagnostic potential of
EV-protein biomarkers in disease. I will report our finding of third major EV class which is biochemically distinct
from exosomes and microvesicles/ microparticles. Our recent findings show human colon cancer-derived EVs havespecific protein and RNA (mRNA, splice-variant mRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA) profiles that allow their discrimination.
The role of exosomes in the tumour microenvironment (especially, exosome-dependent tumour-stromalcommunication), pre- metastatic niche formation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and contribution ofRNA-binding proteins and mitochondrial proteins will be discussed■共催 ⁄ Co-organized by

グローバルイノベーション研究院 ライフサイエンス分野 池袋チーム
Institute of Global Innovation Research ”Life Science” Ikebukuro Team
卓越大学院プログラム
Excellent Leader Development for Super Smart Society
by New Industry Creation and Diversity

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グローバルイノベーション研究院 農学研究院 天竺桂弘子
Institute of Global Innovation Research, Institute of Agriculture
Associate Professor Hiroko Tabunoki
e-mail: h̲tabuno ( ここに @ を入れてください）cc.tuat.ac.jp

URL: https://www.tuat-global.jp
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