CMBUkTI1
kMLúgedImqñaM1975 maneharmYyrUbTayfa³ CMnan;manpÞH\tmnusSenA
manpøÚv\tmnusSedIr
manCeNþIr\tmnusSeLIg
nwgQancUlmk RBmTaMgBaküfa ³
RsukRk Ggáréfø
)aymYyRKab;Cab;knÞúyEqá>>>nwgkaøyeTACakarBit .

1

1 RsukkMeNItCaTIKab;citþnag´eQµaH Eb:n b:uNÑaer:t ehA Edt RsukkMeNItenATIRkugPMñeBj
ekItkñúgqñaM1964. «BukeQµaH Eb:n saruN mþayeQµaH nYn nagsit´manbgb¥Ún8nak; CakUnTI7kñúgcMeNambgb¥ÚnRsI5nak; nigbgb¥ÚnRbus3nak;.
«Buk´Cam®nþIraCkar Kat;eFVIkarenAbNÑal½yCati cMMENkmþay´k¾Cam®nþIraCkar
Edr KWKat;eFVIRKUbeRgonenAsalabzmsikSa bTumraCa. bgRsInag´eQµaH
Eb:n esdæarin ehAbgnag CakUnc,g. enA qñaM1974 Kat;RblgCab;
GaharUbkrN_ énRksYgGb;rMCatiCb:un ehIy)aneTAsikSaenAsaklviTüal½y
mYy sßitenATIRkugtUküÚ. nag´manemaTnPaBy:agxøaMg edaymanbgRsIecj
eTAeronenAÉbreTsdUecñH.
PMñeBjCaTIIRkugerobryeTAedayfñl;ekAs‘U GKÁisnI m:asIunTwkCaedIm
EdlehAfa BiPBTMenIb. cMnYnRbCaCnrs;enA manRbmaNCaBIrlannak;.
tamdg vifIFM²xøH EdllMGeTAedayedImek¶akEbkEmksaxa RBmTaMgmanpáarIk
y:ag Rkhmq¥ineq¥A.
tamFmµtaenAeBlRBwk munnwgecjeTAeFVkI ar eKEtgeTARss;RsUbKuyTavb¤ jaMukaehVCaedIm enAePaCnIydæan tUc-FM eTAtamcMNUlcitþ. PaKeRcIneK
niymeRbIyanCMniH dUcCa Lan nig m:UtU edaymancMnYnmFüm eTAtamsNþab;Fñab;cracr. ehIyenAkñúgcMeNamenaH eyIgeXIjBU²Fak;sIukøÚmYy² tamsRmYl
2

edayminRbjab;Rbjal; edIm,ICUneP£óvrbs;Kat;eTApSar b¤eq<aHeTAeKaledA
tambMNgerog²xøÜn. edayman\T§iBlBICMnan;GaNaniKmniym)araMg PñMeBj
sm,ÚreTAeday GKarRbNItTab²lµm RBmTaMgcRmuHedaybu)aönanarIky:ag
Rss;bMRBg KYr[KyKn;.
pÞH´sg;CaBIrCan;sßitenAdgvifIsemþc hiun Eb:kxagekItpSarsIuLwb.
RkumRKYsar´rs;enACan;xagelI cMENkCan;xageRkam«Bukma´rs;enACamYy
RkumRKYsarKat;. manin RtUvCab¥ÚnRbusmþay´begáIt PriyaKat;CaCnCatiCb:uneQµaHGñkmIg erykU Kat;mankUnRbusBIrnak;.
sYYnc,arpÞH´manmøb;RtQwgRtéQeTAeday edImdUg emon xñúr sVay sW<
Cm<Ú edImTwkedaH Esda eTob nig lðúg eRbobdUcCaenARsukcMkar. EpøeQITaMg
LayGackøayCacMNId¾q¶aj; enAeRkayeBl´Gs;kmøaMg bnÞab;BI)anelgBYn
edjcab; elatGnÞak;ExSmYyb¤ExSBIr CaedImCamYymitþP½kiþ Edlrs;enAEk,rpÞH
ehIymanGayuRbhak;RbEhlKña. eRkABIplaharTaMgenaH manmIg²Bak;Gav
bMBg; TUlqñaMgdIRtEb: b¤bbretñat BBaynayBIcMgaymklk;CaerOy² bNþal
[´Rcas;Rcal; TIbMput´dac;citþdas;«Buk b¤ mþay´EdlKat;kMBugsRmanþeBl
éf¶ TTUcsMu1erol edIm,ITijbEg¥menaHjaMu. minEtb:ueNÑaH enAsYYnc,ar «Buk´
man daMpáaGgÁadI Rkvan; cMbIu cM):a nig páakulabpgEdr. pÞúyeTAvij manin
cMNUlcitþ daMpáaGWur:ubEdlehAfapáaGrKIedr RbmaNCamYyryepIg. bu)aöTaMg
Lay rIksÁúHsÁaycRmuHswgEtRKb;BN’ EdlmanenAelIelak. BYkeKRbECg
3

KñarIk hak;bIdUcRsIRkmMuEdlkMBugeBjv½y eBareBjeTAedaysRms;BIFmµCati
GacTak;Tajcitþburs² [gakemIlmkeKdUecñaHEdr. CaBiess cab;BIeBlRBlb;eTA páaRkvan;begðIrkøind¾RkGUbQ¶úyQ¶b;kMdr GarmµN_m©as;pÞHmin[GpSúk nig
sVaKmn_GñkEdledIrqøgkat;TIenaH [rMePIbcitþRKb;²Kña.
enAEb:kxageqVgpÞH «Buk´BMumandaMrukçCati nig BMu)anRkalsIum:g;t_eT.
emø:aHehIyenAevlabuNücUlqñaMExµr bg²´EtgbbYlmitþP½kiþRsIRbusCaeRcIn mk
elgEl,gRbCaRbIy_RbéBNIeyIg dUcCae)aHGgÁj; nig ecalQUg. enAeBl
elgecalQUg eKEtgeRcogdak;EpøpáaKñaeTAvijeTAmk edaylayLMngw esckIþ
RsLaj; b¤eRcogDWdgeTAelIbuKÁlNamñak;EdleKcab;citþ edaybriyayCa
RbeyaKepSg²y:agBIeraH. ehIyenAeBlelge)aHGgÁj; RbsinebIRsI²QñH
eKEtgeCaHRbus²tamGMeBIcitþ eday\tRbNI. pÞúyeTAvijenAevlaRbus²QñH
RsI²EtgesIyCaysMBt;bt;Capñt;bYnR)aMRsTab; mkRTab;k,alCgÁg;edIm,Ibgáar
kMu[CaM. CaBiessKWeK)armÖxøacCaMk,alCgÁg;bNþal[xanesøóksMBt;exIc RBm
TaMgGgVrkredaysmþIEp¥mElðmeTAkan;Rbus²fa ³-kMueCaH´xøaMg²eBk-sUmeCaH´fñm² .
cMENkÉTUrTsSn_vij manbBa©aMgCaBN’sexµAEtmYyb:usþ×Kt; KWcab;epþIm
pSayBIem:ag5l¶acrhUtdl;em:ag8yb; kñúgry³eBl3em:agEtb:ueNÑaH. kmµviFI
pSayman B½t’manRbcaMéf¶ kILaepSg² ceRmogsm½y elçanniyay kunGWr:ub
4

nigkunsamuér:Cb:unCaedIm.
´EsnrIkrayCaTIbMputedayenAevlaRBH
c½nÞeBjvg; «Buk´EtgelIk´[CiHelIFugsaMg
m:UtU 400cc m:ak Kawasaki rbs;Kat;
CUn´edIrelgCiHkat;vimanÉkraCü bgðÜseTA
elgmat;Tenø.
kalBItUc´cUlcitþesøókexaxøI emø:aHehIyePøA´b:HpÞal;eTAnwgFugsaMgm:UtUeFVI[RtCak; elak«Buk Eb:n saruNdl;ebHdUg. ´EtgegIbmuxsYr«Buk´fa³ )a:¡elakExrt;tameyIgtaMgBIecjBIpÞHrhUthña+)a:¡ «Buk´mineqøIynwgsMNYr´eT EtKat;jjwmy:agRsTn;mk´
edayykcgáaEdlKat;eTIbnwgekarBIRBwk ehIycab;epþImduHBukcgáaeLIgvij
mkGEg¥lf¶as´resIbesÞIrEtRTaMmin)an.
´sb,aycitþNas; edayenAéf¶sRmak´GacRbeKncgðan;RBHsgÇEdl
elaknimnþmkbiNÐ)at. enAeBlrab;)aRtmþg² mþay´EtgpþaM[´]TÞisplfa ³-sUm[cgðan;TaMgenH)aneTAdl;CdI nU CIta RBmTaMgjatikaTaMgR)aMBrI snþan
kMubIxaneLIy. ehIysUm[CatieRkayKat; ¬mþay´¦ )anekIteTACamnusS
RbussagpñÜsmYyCIvit.
ehIymü:ageTot´rIkrayNas; edayenAeBlbuNü cUlqñaMb¤P¢MúbiNÐ mþay´
EtgnaM´ykcgðan;eTARbeKnRBHsgÇenAvtþlgáa Edlsßit enAEk,rvimanÉkraCü.
5

luHrYcral;kic©karehIy Kat;EtgTajéd´eTA
RBHvihar edImI,fVaybgMÁRBHBuT§Cam©as;. fVIebI
eBlenaH ´enAtUcmanGayueRkamdb;qñaMEmnBit
k¾b:uEnþ´GacsURtRBHFm’CamYymþay´)anxøH²bnÞab;mkmþay´Kat;sRmanþelIkenÞl ecal
EPñkeTArUbPaBEdlmanKUrenAelICBa¢aMg nig
BitanRBHviharedayTwkmuxjjwm Kat;EtgmanGñkmþay nYn nagsit
Rbsasn_fa ³-zanEdlmankúñgKMnUr KWCazansYK’ zansux. ehIyRbsinCaeKmanTukç
kgVl;GVImYy eKebHpáamkeRkbykkøin nwgGacrsaynUvTukçesakTaMgenaH)an
PøammYyrMeBc.
´rMePIbnwgBaküsMdIEdlmþay´Bnül;GMBIKMnUrTaMgenaHNas;. BiessBIenH´)ancab;GarmµN_eTAelIKMnUrmYypÞaMg EdlmanRBHeBaFistVelakyagelIpáa
QUkTaMgR)aMBIr.
mþay´)anBnül;´bEnßmeTotfa ³-edayRBHGgÁelakCaGñkmanbuNü eRkayBIRbsUtiPøamelakGacyag)anR)aMBrI CMhan. eyIgTaMgBIrnak; enAEtbENþtGarmµNe_ TApÞaMgKMnrU TaMgLay
teTAeTot minecHEq¥tq¥n; nig minecHenOyNay.
6

2 esaknadkmμ)anQancUlmkdl;´eronenAsalabzmsikSa eteCatMDin kñúgqñaM1974 enAExkBaØa)anRbLg
Cab;eLIgfñak;TI9 ¬Edlfñak;dMbUgcab;epþImrab;BIfñak;TI12eTA¦. eBlenaH´man
Gayu10qñaM ´EsnrIkray\t]bmaedaycab;e; pþmI BIfñak;T9I enHeTA nwgmankmµvFi I
sikSaPasa)araMgpgEdr. edayGñkmIgerykU minecHniyayPasaExµr mþay´nigbg²EtgsnÞnaPasa)araMgCamYyKat;. mUlehtuedaykalBIqñaM 1863
rhUtdl; qñaM1953 RbeTsExµrTTYlkarRKb;RKgeRkamGaNaniKm)araMg
CnCatieyIgEdl)ansikSacab;BImhaviTüal½yeLIgeTA PaKeRcIneKGacniyayPasa)araMg)an.
enAeBlmþaynigbg²´snÞnaPasa)araMgCamYyGñkmIgerykU ´xMepÞógRtecok
edIm,Isþab;ya: gykcitTþ ku dak; em:aø HehIy´Gacsþab;)anxøH² RBmTaMgGacniyay)anmYym:at;BIrm:at;nwgeKEdr. ´rMePIbcitþy:agxøaMgedaysgwÇmfa eTAéf¶mux´R)akdCanwgGacniyayPasa)araMgeTAkan;mþaymIg´dUceKÉgEdr.
enAeBlresolb¤éf¶sRmak GñkmIgerykUU Etgcak;fasceRmogkumar )araMg
nig kumarCb:uny:ageRcInbTd¾EsnBIeraH² edIm,IkMdrbriyakasCaRbRktI.
´sUmelIkyk]TahrN_ceRmogkumar)araMgmYybTmkbgðajCUnehIyGac
bksRmayCaPasaExµrfa ³-enAelIs<an GavINJúg ¬Avignon¦eKnaMKñaraM eKnaMKñaraM enAelIs<anGavINJúg
7

eKnaMKñaraMCaraMvg;.
cMENkÉceRmogkumarCb:un Edl´cgcaMTMnuk minGacbMePøc)anKW ³-Em>>>Em>>> kUnBEBéRB kUnBEBéRB ebIGñkrt; nwgTgiÁGgát;eQI ebITgiÁc
ehIy bNþal[GñkQWeCIg em:øaHehIy GñkyMEm²>>>.
rIÉceRmogkumarExµrkal´eronenAsalametþyüdæan ´Gacyl;fafVIédkvI
Exµrx<g;x<s; niBn§mni caj;ceRmog)araMg b¤ceRmogCb:nu TaMgenHeLIy.
´sUmelIkykBIrbT mkCUnCa]TahrN_ dUcCabT ³-kukmYy kukBIr kukbI eTAcab;RtI bbYlkukbYn kukR)aMminsUvRsYlxøÜn
[kukbYn ehAkukR)aMmYy.
-GaKIEqá´ vaenAcaMpÞH vaecHsMBH ecHedIreCIgBIr ebIcg;eRbIvaTal;Et[nMsIu eTIbvaedIreCIgBIr bk;knÞúy[emIl.
enAqñaM1953 eRkamkardwknaMrbs;semþc RBHneratþmsIhnu RbeTsExµr
eyIg)anTTYlÉkraCüGMBIGaNaniKm)araMgCasßaBr. k¾b:uEnþKYr[esaksþay
Nas; edaysarenAéf¶TI18 ExmIna qñaM1970 ]bRTBcéRg)anQancUlmk.
KWenAevlaRBHraCaelakyageTARbeTseRkA ]tþmesnIy_ ln; nl; )aneFVIrdæRbhar edaymankarKaMRTBIshrdæGaemrik eLIgtMENgCaRbFanaFibtI.
cab;epþImBIeBlenaHmk viTüal½yRBHyuKn§r Edlbg²´eTAsikSa)anRtUv
eKERbeQµaHeTACaviTüal½y18 mIna cMENkÉsalabzmsikSabTumraCa Edlmþay´eTAbeRgon ERbeQµaHeTACasalabzmsikSakumarI. mü:ageTot bNþal
8

[CIvPaBRbCaCnmankarlM)akevTnaxøaMg ]TahrN_dUcCa témøTMnijeLIgéfømYyCaBIrb¤CabI. nisSitCaeRcIn)anRBYtkmøaMgKñaeFVI)atukmµ edIm,ITamTar
rkyutþiFm’. k¾b:uEnþ«Bukmþay´Etghambg²fa ³-)atukmµnisSit eRbobeFobdUcCa RsemacRbyuT§nwgdMrI GacbNaþl[maneRKaHfñak;dl;GayuCIvit em:øaHehIy cUrkUn²kMueTARbLÚk[esaH.
sßankarN_kñúgRbeTsRCYlRcbl;kan;EtxøaMgeLIg² KWmanéf¶xøHeyIg)anB¤
RKab;pÞúHenAkñúgTIRkug EtminGacsnñidæanfa e)aøgmkBITisNaeT.
bnÞab;mk «Buk´)anBwgshRKin [CIkRtg;esenAsYnc,armþMúeRkamedIm
cMbIu. eday´manv½ytUcenArgIrregIenAeLIy Rtg;esd¾ggwtsUnüsug Gackøay
eTACaTIkEnøgedIm,I´elgBYn y:agBiess. sPaBkarN_kan;Etvwkvr em:øaHehIy
edIm,IrkSasnþisux sßanTUtnana)anRbkas[RbCaCneKdkxøÜneTARsukkMeNIt
mYyRKavijCabnÞan;. GñkmIgerykU seRmccitþnaMkUn² EdlmanGayueTIbEt
5qñaM nig 7qñaM vilRtLb;eTARbeTsCb:un EdlCaRsukkMeNIt. Kat;)anGgVrmanin EdlCabþIsUm[eTACamYy edIm,I)anCYbCMuRKYsar b:uEnþpÞúyeTAvijmanin
eCOCak;fa matuPUminwg)anTTYlnUvesckþIsuxekSmkSanþeTAGanaKt KWExµrnwg
GaccrcaKñaedaymineRbIGavuFhigSadUcmuneLIy. GñkmIg erykU enAEtmin
RsLHcitþ nwgkarrs;enAEbk)ak;RKYsar Kat;EtgGgVrmanin [cakecjBImatu
RbeTsmYyry³eBlsin.
eday)anTTYlkþIGgVrkrBIGñkmIgerykUCaRbBn§CaerOy² RBmTaMgyl;fa9kUn²manv½yRtUvkar«BukCaTIRsLaj;edayxanmin)an manink¾seRmccitþla
cakmatuRbeTsmYyRKa TaMgcitþexøacpSaCaTIbMput. Kat;)aneLIgynþehaHCa
elIkcugeRkaybg¥s; KWeLIgenAéf¶TI 15 Ex emsa qñaM1975.
munéf¶manineLIgk):al;ehaHKWCaéf¶buNücUlmhas®gáanþfµIqñaM1975.
Kat;)anykm:asIunftrUbmkftRKYsar´y:ageRcInsnøwkedIm,ITukCaGnusSavrIy_´jjwmdak;kaemra:edayGs;BIdYgcitþ hak;bIdUcCaKµan)armÖ b¤kgVl;GMBIGVIbnþic
bnþþÜcTal;EtesaH.

ftenApÞHÉPñMeBj Exemsa qñaM1975
ma:k;eNn bgfal; bgtU bgGUk nigGaEdt
10éf¶TI17 Ex emsa qñaM 1975 GarmµN_´enAEtrMePIbnwgTivabuNücUlqñaM
dEdl mUlehtuedaypÞHEdlenACab;pÞH´xageqVgéd kMBugmanBiFICb;elog
GbGrsaTrqñaMfµIenAeLIy. bg²´)anTTYlkarGeBa¢IjBIm©as;buNü emø:aHehIy´MGacyl;fa eTaHbI´Cab¥ÚnEdlmanv½ytUceTARcLÚkRcLM R)akdCaKµan nrNa
eKRbkan;nwg´eLIy. enATIenaHmanburs®sþICMTg;²RbEhlCasamsibnak;mkcUlrYm. ´Gacyl;fa PaKeRcIneKk¾CanisiStdUcbg²´Edr.
m©as;buNücak;fasceRmogEdlRbKMeTAedaybTBIeraH²RKb;cgVak;KWman
bTceRmogExµrnigbTceRmogGWur:ub min[eP£óvNaycitþeLIy.
evlaem:agRbEhlCa12éf¶Rtg;. enAeBlbgfal;kMBugbeRgon´raMcgVak;qa qa qa Rsab;EtmanmnusSmñak;ERskfa ³-vin½ycracrnwgbiTenAem:ag1resolenHehIy.
em:øaHehIyeyIgral;KñaKYrEtvilRtLb;eTApÞH\LÚvvijeTIbTan;. B¤dUecñaHmñak;²
RsLaMgkaMg edaycg;eCObnþicmincg;eCObnþic. eKp¥akkarraMelg ehIynaMKña
ecjmkeRkApÞH edIm,IbBa¢ak;[dwgGMBmI lU ehtu. enAeRkArbg eyIgeXIjkgT½B
d¾cMELk CiHLanTahan s<aykaMePøgI Gaka esøókexaexµA Bak; GavexµA bg;kRkma
Bak;mYk RBmTaMgBak;Es,keCIgEdleFVIGMBIkg;Lan EdleyIgminEdl)anCYb
RbTHTal;EtesaH .
eKniyaymkkan;eyIgedayTwkmuxesµIfa ³
11

-eKCakgT½BrMedaH KµanGVIKYr[PitP½yeT . edIm,IrkSasnþisuxRbCaCn
cracrnwgbiTcab;BIeBlenHeTA. em:øaHehIy sUmGñkTaMgGs;Kña Rbjab;vil
RtLb;eTAeKhdæanerogxøÜnvijCabnÞan;.

ftenAqñaM1975 ma:k;eNn maninbgem:A bgtUr:a bu:NÑaer:t nigGaENt

312

3 karCMelosecjBIPñMeBj
BiFICb;elog)anbiTkmµviFIy:agesaHkeRkaH. eP£óvTaMgLayRbjab;Rbjal;
vilRtLb;eTApÞHeKerog²xøÜnvij.
«Buk´)anecjeTAeRkAedIm,IesIubykB½t’man. mþay´[bgfal; ykRkNat;seTAcgCMnYsTg;C½yenAmat;TVarbg edIm,IbBa¢ak;fa ³-eyIg´sUmsVaKmn_ nig sUmGbGrsaTrTTYlrbbGñkdwknaMfµI.
enARKaenaH bgfal;CayuvnisSitTan;sm½ymYyrUb KWKat;manBukmat;
RBmTaMgTuksk;EvgEdleKGacehAfa yuvCnsIuvIl½y. em:øaHehIymþay´)anpþl;eyabl;eTAKat;fa ³-fal; CakarRbesIrkUnKYrEtkat;sk;[xøI ehIyekarBukmat;ecj. BIeRBaH
BYkeKCaGñkeFVIbdivtþn_ eKmincUlcitþGV²I EdlTMenIb b¤sIuvIl½yeT. mYysnÞúH
eRkaymk «Buk´Kat;vilRtLb;mkvijTaMgTwkmuxRsGab; KWGacbBa¢ak;[dwgfa ³ Kat;BMu)anTTYlB½t’manl¥GVIeLIy. bnÞab;mk Kat;k¾ebIkviTüúEdleKcab;epþImpSaysemøgrbbkumµúynIsþ. GñkpSayB½t’man niyayedaysemøgmWugm:at;fa ³-Ceya¡ bdivtþn_km<úCa Ceya¡ 17 emsa
RBmTaMgeK)anniyayedoltµiHrbbcas; EdleKeTIbnwgdeNþImyk)an.
bnÞab;mkeTot eKcak;ePøgceRmogbdivtþn_ KW)ann½yfa ³ eK)anbRmugceRmog
enHTukCaeRsc CayUryarNas;mkehIy sRmab;cak;pSayenAéf¶enHEtmþg.
13

KWmUlehtuedayeKeCOCak;fa ³ 17 emsa 1975 Caéf¶EdleKRtUv)anTTYl
eCaKC½y énkarRKb;RKgGMNacBitR)akd.
-17 emsa km<úCarMedaH sERmkC½yeXas keRkIkemXa dMuBBkexµA
rlayehIyNa rsµIPøWføa BnøWcaMgEcg.
bnÞab;mkeFVI[eyIgral;Kñarn§t;nwgkarpSayB½t’manmYym:at;EdleKpSay
dUcBaküxageRkam.
BYksRtUvyg;Xñgva)anbgáb;RKab;EbkenAtampÞHRbCaCn. em:øaHehIy edIm,I
karBarsnþisux RBmTaMgedIm,Ivaykm©at;xµaMg[Gs;BIRbeTsCatieyIg sUm
RbCaCnTaMgGs;ePosxøÜnecjBIlMenAdæankñúgrvageBlbIéf¶ CabnÞan;. B¤dUecñaH«Buk´Kat;PJak;xøÜneRBIt ehIylan;mat;fa ³-BYkeKman])aykly:agNaeTAhñ+¡ cMENkmþay´vijKat;Rsgakcityþ a: g
xøaMg BIeRBaHRKadMbUgKat;eRtkGréRkElgedayyl;eXIjfa ³-edIm,IsnþiPaBBitcMeBaHRbeTsCati nigedIm,IsuPmgÁlBitcMeBaHRbCaCn
Exµr elakGñkdwknaM nwgsRmuHsRmYlKñaedaykarcrcaKñaeTAvijeTAmk KWelakR)akdCamineRbIGavuFCadac;xat. b:uEnþpÞúyeTAvij enAeBlB¤eKpSayfa [cakecjBIlMenAdæan bNþal[Kat;Tn;;édTn;eCIg Qrk¾minnwg. ehIyKat;Tmøak;KUT
eTAelIGRgwg EdlcgenAsYnc,ar begðIrGarmµN_eTAq¶ay hak;bIdUcCamnusS
EdlKµanviBaØaNenAkñúgxøÜn.
´sYreTAmþay´fa ³-RtUveFVIy:agem:ceTAm:ak; ?
mþay´xMjjwmTaMgTwkmuxs¶ÜtehIyeqøIytbmkvijfa ³
14

-eK[eyIgcakecjBIpÞHry³eBlbIéf¶. em:øaHehIy cUrkUnevcsemøókbMBak;sRmab;mñak;bIkMebø dak;begVcpg.
´k¾bbYlGaENtEdlCab¥ÚnRsIeBA erobcMexaGavpÞal;xøÜn RBmTaMgsemøók
bMBak; sRmab;«Bukmþay´pgEdr. cMENkbg² Kat;erobcMerog²xøÜneTAtam
cMNUlcitþrbs;Kat; RBmTaMgerobcMsmÖar³sRmab;TTYlTandMeNk dUcCakenÞl
nig PYyCaedIm. luHerobcMrYceRscehIy ´sYreTAkan;mþay´eTotfa ³-etIRtUverobcMGVIeTotm:ak; ? etIKYrEtykesovePAeTAb¤eT?
mþay´eqøIyedaysemøgxSav²swgEtsþab;mincg;)anfa ³-kUnmincaM)ac;ykesovePAeTAeT BIeRBaHkñúgkMLúgeBlbIéf¶enaHR)akd
Camin)aneTAsalaeroneT. b:uEnþ cUrkUnRbmUlGgárEdlmanenAkñúgBagTaMgGs;
RBmTaMgkMuePøcerobcMcan søabRBa nig qñaMgykeTApg.
ehtuEt´enArgIrregI ´dUcCamanGarmµN_rMePIbmü:ag edayyl;eXIjfa³-karcakecjBIlMenAdæanbIéf¶enH hak;bIdUc´)anecjdMeNIreTAelgq¶ay
CMuKñanwgRKYsar´ dUckaleyIgnaMKñaeTAsñak;enApÞHlMEh naevlavisSmkalFM.
k¾b:uEnþ enAeBleXIjmþay´Kat;ebIkTUEdk erobcMmasR)ak;EkvkgEdlmanbnþicbnþÜc RBmTaMgR)ak;kasEdlmanTaMgbu:nµan dak;eTAkñúgkabUb edayTwkmux
RseBan bNþal[´reGosnwg\riyabfxøÜnÉgeTAvij.
éf¶bnÞab; KWenAéf¶18 emsa1975 enAevlaRBwk. «Bukmþay´ bgfal;
bgGUk bgem:A bgtU tUr:a ´ GaENt srubTaMgGs; 9nak;. dl;evlaeyIgRtUv
ecjdMeNIrEdlKµaneKaledAehIy.
15

eyIgerobcMGIv:an;F¶n;² b¤FM² sMBIgsMeBag dUcCaGgár qñaMg kenÞlCaedIm
dak;kñúgLan «Buk´kan;cgáÚtebIkyWt². ´ nig GaENtkan;édmþay´mñak;mçag
kþab;y:agENnEbkejIseCak eday)armÖxøacERkgvegVgBIKat;.
cMENkbgfal; nig bgGUk Kat;CiHm:UtUCaTIKab;citþrbs;Kat;erog²xøÜn.
evlaenaH RbCaCnrs;enAkñúgTIRkugRbmaNCaBIrlannak; RtUveKCMelosecj min[esssl;mñak;eLIy. KWsUm,IEtGñkCMgWEdlkMBugsñak;enAmnÞIreBTü
cas;Cra RBmTaMgRBHsgÇEdlelakKg;enAkñúgvtþ k¾RtUveKCMeloselakecj
Edr.
luHecjeTAdl;mhavifI mUlehtuedayENnNan;tan;tab;eTAedaymnusS
TaMgeyIgTaMgeKminGaceRbILan)anteTAeToteT. emøa: HehIyeyIgnaMKañ erIGvI a: n;ecjBILan epÞreTAdak;elIm:UtUbg² cMENkbgVicexaGavRsal² eyIg´EckKña
TUl b¤keNþóteTAtamsmtßPaBerog²xøÜn.
enAtammhavifIeyIgeXIjR)ak;kasFM² KWRkdasR)aMry ray)a:yBas
eBj KW)ann½yfa ³-BYkeK)anvaybMpøajXøaMgecalehIycab;BIéf¶enHeTACaCMnan;ElgRtUvkar
eRbIR)ak;kas dUcCMnan;mun²eTotehIy.
BuMmannrNamñak;h‘anerIsR)ak;TaMgenaHeLIy ehIymü:ageTotmanTahan
exaGavexµAkan;kaMePøIgenARKb;Rcklðk KMramRbCaCn[eFVIdMeNIreTAmuxCanic©.
TwkmuxBYkeKmutmaMminjjwmCadac;xat KWGacsmÁal;Cak;fa ³-eKCaGñkeFVIbdivtþn_ CaGñkeFVIcm,aMg KWEPñkeKmut KYr[RBWxøac.
16

4 RBat;«BukCaTIRsLaj;
enAevlaéf¶Rtg; rsµIRBHGaTitücaMgEcg beBa©jcMhaykemþAGs;kMrit KW
elak\tRtaRbNIdl;mnusSelakbnþci bnþcÜ Tal;EtesaH. minfa´minfaeK mnusS
mñaCaeRcInmhima ehvht; edaykarGt;GahartaMgBIRBwk RBmTaMgedaykar
eFVIdMeNIr EdlKµanKeRmag nigKµanTisedAEbbenH. edIm,IbeNþjRbCaCnmin[esssl;BITIRkugPñMeBjedaygayqab; eKCMeloseyIg[cakecjRKb;Tis
eTAtamdgvifIFM² KWeTAEb:kxagekIt xaglic xageCIg xagt,Úg y:agr)a:t;r)a:y. eyIgminGacsRmakeTAtamGMeBIcitþ)aneT KWEtgmanTahanexaGavexµAbeNþjeyIg[e)aHCMhaneTAmuxCanic©. CYnkal ´)aneXIjekµg²Edlman
GayutUcCag´ ERskRTehayM edayvegVgGñkmþayCaTIRsLaj; rbs;BYk
eK>>>. enAtampøÚveyIgeXIjLanTMenIb² dUcCaLan Mercedes Edlmiin
GacebIkbreTAmuxeTot emø:aHehIyRtUvm©as;eKctecal RtUv)anBYkeKkat;ykkg; nigeBaHevonedIm,IeFVIEs,keCIgexµA. KWkg;LansRmab;eRbIeFVICaRTnab;)at
eCIg cMENkeBaHevonkg;Lan eRbICaExSB½T§ExVgelIxñgeCIg nig EkgeCIg.
eyIgedIrsMedAeTAs<ank,alfñl; qøgkat;ehIy eFVIdMeNIrbnþeTArkkEnøg
edIm,IsRmak. yb;enHeyIgseRmcfa enAsRmakeRkammøb;eQIkñúgbrievNvtþ
c,arGMeBA. ´edIrrkGgÁt;eQIsRmab;eFVI]s CamYyb¥ÚnRsI´GaENt [bg²daMsø BIeRBaHeBaH´)ak;sén§eTAehIy. enAmþMúEk,renaH manmnusSrab;ry rab;
Ban;RKYsar RkalkenÞleRkammøb;eQIedIm,IsRmak minxusEbøkBIRKYsar´eLIy.
eTaHbICaenAevlaéf¶ kñgú Exemsa mancMhayekþAy:agNak¾eday manéf¶xøHemX
17

ePøóg bNþal[eyIgTTwkeCakCaM minGaceKgsáb;eLIy. CYnkal´GgÁúy
Rte)amk,alCgÁg;»nk,alcuH lbyMEtÉg edaykartUccitþ nigCIvPaBEbbenH
mUlehtuedayrB¤kpÞHxøaMgeBk. CaBiessedayKµanpSarlk;dUrGVI² dUckalBI
muneTot eyIgKµanbEnø nig sac; edIm,Icm¥ni eFVCI aGaharsRmab;briePaK)aneT.
eTaHbIRtkYn EdleyIgFøab;TijÉpSarkalBImun témømYy)ac; 10erol b:uEnþ\LÚveyIgedjéfø[eKmYy)ac;500erol k¾KµannrNaeKmanRtkYnlk;[eyIg
Edr. enAcm¶ayBIkEnøg´sñak; RbmaNCa200Em:Rt mancMkarés<ekþab d¾FMlVwg
elVIy. eRkayBIm©as;cMkar kat;ykplGs;eTA enApÞal;nwgdI manenAsl;
søwkcas;² mYysnøwkBIrsnøwk EdlRbLak;eTAedayPk;enAeRkayeBlePøóg
Føak;. edayeXIjGñkenACitxageKeTAebHsøwkcas;² enaHykmkdaMsø ´k¾)aneTAebHnwgeKEdr RBmTaMg)anyl;eXIjfa ³-m©as;cMkar Kat;R)akdCaminykeTaséBr_GVIBI´eLIy. enAkñúgbrievNvtþc,arGMeBA manRsHRbkbedayTwkføaqVg;. BYkeyIgEdlsñak;enAEk,rTIenaH
EtgeTAdgykmkeRbICaerogral;éf¶. enAevlaEdl´kMBugEtdgTwk ´gakeTA
eXIjbgfal; Rbjab;Rbjal;edaHGavyWtRKvat; ehIyelatpøúgeTAkñúgRsH.
´P£ak;nwgTidæPaBenaH ehIytamemIleTAeXIjKat; EhleTAcab;RtkgbIekµg
RsImñak; GayuRbmaNCa15qñaM. eKrGileCIg enAeBleKeQagédebHRBlit
edIm,IeFVImðÚbGahar bNþal[Føak;eTAkñúgRsHlg;Twk eXIjEtcugédEdlxMRbwg
RsevRsvaEhl. RKaenaH bgfal;manGayueTIbEt18qñaM b:uEnþKat;)anCYy
eRsacRsg;CIvitmnusSmñak; edayesckþIkøahan nig esµaHsCaTIbMput.
éf¶TI 21 emsa 1975 karTTYlTandMeNkenAeRkamedImeQI)anQan
18

cUldl;éf¶TIbIehIy. ´sgÇwmfa éf¶Es¥knwg)anvilRtLb;eTApÞHvij dUcBaküsnüarbs;BYkeK. «Buk´EtgecjeTAesIubrkERkgelamanB½t’manl¥ Caerog
ral;éf¶. bnÞab;mkeKcab;epþImGMBavnavehATahanrbbcas; nahµWn evC¢bNiÐt
bNiÐt nigm®nþIraCkarCaedIm eTAcuHeQµaHedIm,IvilRtLb;eTAPñMeBj rYmmti
nigrYmkmøaMgKña ksagRbeTsCati saCafµIeLIgvij.
edayKat;minGacGt;RTaMnwgCIvPaBrs;enA eRkammøb;eQI)anteTAeTot«Buk´seRmccitþeTAcuHeQµaHnwgeK edIm,IrYmcMENkksagRbeTsCatiCamYy
rbbfµI. ehIymü:ageTotKat;yl;eXIjfa ³-RbsinebIRtUveFVIdMeNIreTAmuxeTot Kat;nwgRtUvkøayeTACaksikrCaBuMxan
eLIy. enAeBlKat;RtLb;mkBIcuHeQµaHvij manTahanexaGavexµABIrnak;
tammkCamYyKat; hak;bdI cU CaeK)armÖxaø c«Buk´RkLas;cti Rþ kLas;BaküsMdI
vij. «Buk´yl;Cak;fa ³ BYkeKminGnuBaØat[Kat;enACMunwgRKYsarteTAeTot
eLIy. Kat;eBalmkkan;mþay´ nig BYk´fa ³-Kat;vilRtLb;eTAPñMeBjvijmYyry³munsin. éf¶eRkay Kat;R)akdCa
mkTTYleyIgTaMgGs;Kña rYmrs;CYbCuMKñasaCafµI edayesckþIsuxekSmkSanþ
dUckalmun²eTot. ehIyKat;jjwmdak;´ hak;bIdUcCa cg;sIujÚ:fa ³-Kat;nwgDubm:UtU´edIrelgdUckalBImuneTotCaminxan. eBlenaH Kµan
nrNamñak;Gacyl;eXIjfa ³ enHCal,icklrbs;BkY eK ehIyk¾minnwksµanfa ³
enHCaGnusSavrIy_d¾kmSt;CamYy«Buk´ enAevlacugeRkaybg¥s;.

319

5 bnþdMeNIreTACnbTeRkayBIéf¶«Bukrbs;´XøatcakecjeTA enAéf¶bnÞab;KWéf¶TI 22 Exemsa
qñaM1975 TahanexaGavexµAEtgmkbeNþjeyIg[eFVIdMeNIreTAmuxeTot. mþay´Kat;)armÖy:agxøaMg edayyl;eXIjfa ³-RbsinebIeFVIdMeNIreTAmuxeTot luHenAeBl«Buk´vilRtLb;mkTTYlR)akdCabNþal[RCYsKñaCaminxaneLIy. ehIymü:ageTot Kat;xMRbwgekoc
edaymincg;Xøat[kan;Etq¶ayBIPñMeBj. k¾b:uEnþ TahanexaGavexµAEtgmk
beNþjeyIgCaerOy² kan;EttwgrwgelIsmuneTAeTot. mþay´seRmccitþpøas;
TICRmkBIvtþc,arGMeBA eFVIdMeNIrbnþeTAvtþeRCayGMBil. elIkenH eyIgmkRCk
enAEk,mat;Tenø rIÉCRmkfµIk¾manenAeRkammøb;eQIdUcmunEdr. edayKµanCRmk
RsYlbYl enAevlaePøógFøak;eFVI[eyIgevTnay:agxøaMg CaBiessKWbNþal[eyIgminGacTTYlTandMeNk)an. edayxan)angUtTwkRbEhlCamYyGaTitü´k¾bbYlGaENteTAgUtTwkTenø RBmTaMgEhlelg em:øaHehIyeFVI[´RsLHcitþbnþicbnþÜcmYyRKa.
cab;taMgBIeFVIdMeNIrmkdl;eRCayGMBil eyIgGs;es,ógGahar BIxøÜnrlIg
ehIy KWGgármantémøCagmasR)ak;eTAeTot. mann½yfa eTaHbICamanmas
k¾KµannrNamñak; eKyl;RBmedaHdUrnwgGgár[eyIgEdr. k¾b:uEnþ vasnal¥Nas;
edaymanmnusSmñak;eBjcitþnwgm:UtUbgfal; eKmksMNUmBr sMudUrCamYyGgár
20

3KILÚ RbsinebIval;eTA)anRbEhlCa 12kMb:ug. mþay´Kat;GgVrbgfal;fa ³-sUmkUndUr[Kat;sineTA TRmaMeKerobcMRbeTs)anerobry m:ak;nwgTij
m:UtUfµI[kUnvijCaminxan. enAéf¶eRkaymk enAeBlEdl´kMBugEtEhlTwk
Tenøelg ´)aneXIjsaksBmnusSmñak; Tak;nwgKuem<ateQIenAmat;RcaMg ehIms<lú CaehtuminGacsnidñ aæ n)anfa ³ CasBmnusSRsI b¤ mnusSRbus)aneLIy.
RkumRKYsar´kþI nigGñkmanCRmkenAmþMúenaHkþI EtgdgTwkTenømkdaMsøCaerog
ral;éf¶. em:øaHehIy eKnaMKñaelIkyksaksBeTAdak;ecalelIRcaMg EdlXøat
BIkEnøgcuHeTAdgTwk. sBenaHbegIðrkøiny:agGesac KWcab;taMgBItUcdwgkþImk
´minEdl)anCYbRbTHnwgkøinEbbenHeT KWBMumannrNaGacRTaM)aneLIy>>>.
luHb:unµanéf¶knøgmk manTUkb:ukcaymkcmøgmnusSeTAeRtIymçagCaerog
ral;éf¶ k¾b:uEnþ CakarcaM)ac;eKRtUveTAcuHeQµaHTukCamunsin. edayGs;es,óg
GñkpgÉeTotEdlmanCRmkenACMuvijeyIg eKeTAcuHeQµaHCabnþbnÞab; KWmincaM)ac;GñkNamkbeNþj[eTAmuxeTotdUcmuneLIy. edIm,IsnSMsMéces,óg eTaH
bI xMBüayamTTYlTanEtbbrCaerogral;éf¶y:agNak¾eday GgárEdlmanEt
12kMb:ug GacciBa©wmCIviteyIgTaMgR)aMbInak; )anEtmYyry³eBld¾xøIEtb:ueNÑaH.
éf¶TI 25 emsa 1975 bgfal; nig bgGUk )ankan;b‘ÍdugTwkRtIEdl
Gacdak;)an5lIRt EhleTAeRtIymçag edIm,IEsVgrkes,ógGahar. Kat;)an
eTAerIsemImdMLÚgCVatUc² nig bJsdMLÚg EdleRkayBIm©as;cMkareKKas;ykemImrYceRscehIy dak;)anknøHb‘Ídug »bEhlRtLb;mkvij.
21

eTaHbICakalenAeronÉPñMeBj Kat;TaMgBIrBUEkEhlTwky:agNak¾eday´mancitþGaNitKat;Nas;. mUlehtuedayyl;eXIjfa ³ Kat;R)akdCaenOy
enAeBlKat;EhlRtLb;mkvij edayRtUveyagdMLÚgd¾F¶n;pg. ´eTAdgTwk
Tenø ykmklagdMLÚg cMENkbgem:A;bgáat;ePøIgedIm,Ies¶ardMLÚgjaMuTaMgGs;Kña
CMnYsGaharl¶acenaH. mþay´segVKnwgTidæPaBEbbenH Kat;yl;eXIj fa ³
-RbsinebImineFVIdMeNIreTAmuxeToteT kUnTaMgR)aMBIrnak;nwgdac;eBaHCa
minxaneLIy. em:øaHehIyCakarRbesIr RtUvbnþdMeNIreTAmuxeTot KWeyIgmin
GacrMBwg nigrg;caMnUvkarGMBavnavehA[RtLb;eTAPñMeBjvij. evlaenaH CIvit
eyIgral;KñaT½lRck KWeyIgKµanviFIGVIedIm,IedaHRsayeRkABIkarcakecj[kan;Etq¶ayBIPñMeBj qøgeTAeRtIymçagEtb:ueNÑaH. eKminbgçM[eyIgeFVIdMeNIreTA
muxdUcmuneToteT k¾bu:EnþpÞúyeTAvij eKk¾minGnuBaØat[eyIgbkeTAeRkay
vijCadac;xat. mþay´seRmccitþeTAcuHeQµaHnwgeK eRkayBIcuHeQµaHnaevla
BIréf¶eRkaymk KWenAéf¶TI 27 emsa 1975 dl;evneyIgRtUveLIgTUkb:ukcay
eTAeRtIymçagehIy. eyIgcuHcUleTAkúñgTUkb:ukcayFM EdlmanBN’exµA ehIy
Kµanbg¥ÜcbNþal[ggwtsug nigfb;xül;esÞIrEtRTaMmin)anCamYyGñk déT
RbmaNCa 200 nak;. GarmµN_´ nwkeXIjdl;Baküfa ³manpÞH\tmnusSenA
manpøÚv\tmnusSedIr
manCeNþIr\tmnusSeLIg
22

-etIBaküenH CaBaküqutrbs;ehar BitEmnb¤ ?
-b¤k¾CaBakü GñkEdlyl;GMBIyuT§viFIc,as;Namñak;eKbegðIbmat;?
ehIymü:ageTot ´enAEt)armÖfa ³-enAeBl«Buk´vilRtLb;mkTTYlBYkeyIg etIKat;GacesIubrkBYkeyIg
eXIjb¤eT?
-etI manin nig bgnag Edlrs;enAy:agsuxsanþ ÉRbeTsCb:unKat;)an
dwgBICIvPaBd¾TuK’t EbbenHEdrb¤eT ?
laehIyPñMeBjCaTIRsLaj; ´sUmlaGñkmYyRKasinehIy>>>eRkayBI
cakecjBIPñMeBj EdlCaRsukkMeNItCaTIKab;citþ eBlevla)anknøgputeTA
RbEhlCa10Ef¶enH ´)anyl;Cak;nUvBaküfa ³-mnusSelak k¾dUcCastVdéTEdr KWeyIgjauMedIm,Irs;>>>.

323

6 CIvPaBfμIenACnbTéf¶TI 27 emsa 1975 enAevlaRBwk RbmaNCamYyem:ageRkayeK)ancmøgeyIgedayTUkb:ukcay BIRcaMgEk,rvtþeRCayGMBil eTATmøak;enARcaMg
ERBkeBaF× EdlsßitenAkñúgextþkMBg;cam. enAtameKhdæanGñkPUmism,ÚreTA
edaypldMNaMdUcCa dUg sVay RtEbk eck CaedIm bNþal[´nwkeXIjdl;pÞH
CaTIRsLaj;rbs;´ enAÉPñMeBj.
eKminbBa¢a b¤bgçMeyIg[eFVIdMeNIreTATIenH b¤TIenaHeT em:øaHehIyCIvit
eyIgenAEtletaldUcmundEdl. k¾b:uEnþ Cakarécdnü edayRsukkMeNItCIta
xagmþay´ ehAeQµaHfa PUmiRTar-s mancm¶ayRbmaNCaR)aMKILÚEm:RtBI
ERBkeBaF×enaH.
mþay´eBalfa ³ enATIenaH Kat;mandIFøI EdlCaekrmt’kGMBICIta´ edIm,IeFVIERsRbvas;CamYyjatimYycMnYn CayUrGEgVgNas;mkehIy. k¾b:uEnþ eday
CIvPaBenAPñMeBjsm,Úrsb,ay minEdlsÁal;PaBxVHxat eyIgBMurvIrvl;nwgkar
TTYlnUvePaKplRbvas;TaMgenaHeLIy.
TRmaMdl;evlaeKGMBavnavehARtLb;eTAPñMeBjvij Kat;k¾seRmccitþfa ³
RtUveTArs;enAPUmiRTar-s mYyry³eBl edIm,IbeNþaHRKaGasnñenHsin. eyIg
EbgEckGIv:an;KñakeNþót TUl eTAtamsmtßPaBerog²xøÜn. bnÞab;mk eyIgeFVI
dMeNIrtampøÚvdIRkhm Edlsm,ÚreTAedaysñameCIgeKa nig kg;reTH bgðúy
24

l¥gFUlI esÞIrEtebIkEPñkBMurYc. luHcMNayeBlevlaedIrRbEhlCamYyem:ag
knøH eyIg)aneXIjvtþRTar-s EdlsßitenAxageCIgPUmi. munnwgcUleTAPUmimþay´eBalfa ³ CakarRbesIr eyIgRtUvcUleTAfVaybgÁMelakRKUs®gÁaC can;EdlRtUvCab¥ÚnbegáItCIta´sin. evlaenaH vtþRTar-s enAmanRBHsgÇCagdb;
GgÁenAKg;enAeLIy k¾b:uEnþPaKeRcIn RBHsgÇelaklacaksikçabT edaykar
bgçMénCMnan;enaH.
luHRkabfVaybgÁM elakRKUs®gÁaC can; rYcral;ehIy naeBlmþay´kMBug
sMeNHsMNalnwgelakteTAeTot ´)anbbYlGaENtEdlCab¥ÚneBAeTARBH
vihar. bnÞab;mk eyIgedIrelgkñúgbrievNvtþ ebHEpøRkxubEdlmanenAEk,rRBHvihar jaMuedayesrI. mü:ageTot ´rMePIbNas; edayenAxagt,Úgvtþman
RtBaMgEdlsm,ÚreTAedayBBuHmat;RtI. ´Kitfa ³ RtITaMgenaH minEmnCakmµsiT§irbs;GñkNaeKeLIy KWmaneTAedayFmµCati.
eyIg)aneFVIdMeNIrcUleTAdl;PUmiRTar>s naevlaéf¶Rtg;. RTar>s
CatMbn;CnbTsuT§saF KWenAtameKhdæanGñkPUmi BMumanpldMNaMdUcenAERBk
eBaF× EdlCaRsukcMkareLIy. eyIgcUleTAdl;pÞHyay fun EdlRtUvCab¥ÚneBACIta´. enAxagmuxpÞHyayfun manedImxVit nig xageqVgpÞH manKum<b£sSI.
kUnRsIyayfun EdlRtUvCaCIdUnmYymþay´begáIt Føab;)anmkrs;enApÞH´ÉPñMeBjCayUrqñaM. bnÞab;mk bursd¾søÚtmñak;Edlrs;enACab;pÞH´xagsþaMéd
)ancUlsþIdNþwgKat;eTAtamRbéBNIExµr ehIymþay´rIkraynwgkar]btßmÖpÞH
25

sEm,g [eKTaMgBIrerobGaBah_BiBah_EfmeTAeTot. CaBiess´cgcaMmin
ePøceT edayevlaenaH bgnagEdleTIbEtmanGayu17qñaM nigbgGUk Gayu15
qñaM G‘utsk;bYgtubEtgxøÜny:agpUrpg; edIm,IkMdrkUnRkmuM. mUlehtuedayeBl
enaH RkumRKYsar´manKñadl;eTAR)aMbInak; RKYsaryay fun EdlmanEtbInak;)andkxøÜneTArs;enApÞHepSgd¾tUc EdlmanenAelITYlTl;muxnwgvtþ. cMENkÉcMNIGaharevlaenaH eyIg)anTTYlviPaKTanGMBIyayfunxøH² ehIyGacedaH
dUrCamYynwgGMbil/eBat/l¶ EdlGñkRsukcMkar Dubkg;ykmkedaHdUr.
´cab;GarmµN_eTAelIsemøókbMBak;GñkPUmiCaxøaMg eday)aneXIjeKral;
KñaesøókexµABak;exµA hak;bIdUcCaTahanEdlbeNþjBYkeyIg[ecjBIPñMeBj.
eKR)ab;eyIgfa ³ Es¥keKnwgmkbbYlbgfal; bgGUk nigbgem:AeTAdksÞÚgCa
mYynwgBYkeK.
éf¶TI 28 emsa 1975 bg²eRkakBIRBlwmdaM)ay lIgl¶ erayGMbil
CMnYsmðÚbsRmab;)aykBa©b;. cMENkbgtU nig tUr:a eK[Kat;XValeKamñak;mYyk,al rIÉ´eKmkbbYl[eTAeron. mþay´eRtkGrNas; edayKat;yl;eXIj
fa ³ cMeNHrbs;´mankarsÞak;esÞIrCagbg²TaMgGs;. cMENkrUbKat;pÞal; eK[
Kat;enArévGMe)aHÉpÞH ehIyGaENtkUneBACaTIRsLaj;esÞIrnwwgelb manv½y
eTIbEtR)aMbIqñaM EtgEtenAEk,rKat;Canic©.
éf¶TI 30 emsa 1975 ´nwksµanfa eK[eTAeronGkSrdUcCakalenA
PñMeBj k¾b:uEnþpÞúyeTAvij salaeronmanTIkEnøgenAkñúgerageKay:ageq¥H RBm
26

TaMgggwtRBwl² KµanesovePA nig exµAédGVI edIm,Isresrb¤cMlgeLIy.
RKURKan;EtsresrBaküÉkeTsbdivtþn_xøH²dak;kþaexon[sisSeBaltam.
mü:ageToteKbgÁab;fa ³ kñúgsm½ybdivtþn_enH eyIgminRtUveRbIBaküjaMub¤Bisa
nig BaküeKgb¤sRmanþCaedImeT eyIgRtUveRbIBaküfa ³ hUb nig sRmak.
eRkABIenaH eKbgÁab;[kþab;édsþaMelIkeTAelI ehIyERskC½yeXas dUcCa
kal´Føab;)ansþab;kñúgviTüúÉPñMeBjfa ³ Ceya¡ bdivtþn_ km<úCa RBmTaMgBakü
fa ³ eyIgeFVIcm,aMgnwgGaemrikaMg¡. l.
eBlevlaQancUldl;Ex]sPa 1975 eTaHbICaRKUxitxMbeRgon´y:ag
Na cMeBaHrUb´ viC¢aTaMgLayenaHhak;bIdUcCaeK {cak;Twk elIk,alTa}. em:øaHehIyeKminmkbgç[M ´eTAerondUcmuneToteT. mþay´RsgakcitþedaymundMbgU
Kat;nwksµanfa eKbeRgon´GMBIPasaCati nig elxnBVnþFmµta em:øaHehIyKat;
eBalmkkan;´fa ³-kUnmincaM)ac;eTAeronbdivtþn_nwgeKeToteT. bnÞab;mk ´tambg²eTA
valERsdksÞÚg edayTTYlParkic©CYye)aHsMNab[eKÉg. enAeBlGñkPUmi
bgðat;bgfal;[eFVIRTUedIm,Idak;RtI ´)anBwg[eKCYybgðat;eFVIsnÞÚcpgEdr.
bnÞab;mk ´bbYlGaENteTAsÞÚcRtIEdl)aneXIjenAkñúgRtBaMgxagt,Úgvtþ éf¶
mun. ´ekatsresIrGaENtNas; edayeKh‘anykCenøneFVICanuy. kñúgRtBaMg
sm,ÚreTAedayRtIRkaj; k¾b:uEnþenAeBlsÞÚc)an RtIvaerIbRgHxøÜn bNþal[GaENtxøacmutédnwgFµúgeKminh‘anedaHRtIecjBIsnÞÚc. fVId,itEt´jejItmin27h‘anedatnuyEmn k¾bEu: nþ´køahanRBmTaMgrIkraynwgTTYlParkic©edaHRtIBsI nÞcÚ .
éf¶enH RTUbgfal;k¾dak;RtI)aneRcInEdr em:øaHehIyl¶acenH eyIg)anmðÚbRtI
es¶arnigRtIGaMg EckKñahUby:agl¥Úkl¥Wn ehIyRtIEdlsl;TaMgb:unµan eyIg
RbLak;GMbilTukGaMghUbéf¶eRkay RBmTaMgTuksRmab;bg²GaMg edIm,Ievcdak;
CamYy)aykBa©b;ykeTAhUbenAeBleTAdksÞÚg.
328

7 bgGUksøab;¡cab;taMgBIeFVIdMeNIrmkdl;PUmiRTar-s eBlevla)anknøgputeTA RbmaN
CaBIrEx KWcUldl;Exkkáda. vin½ybdivtþn_kan;EttwgrwgelIsmun mUlehtueday
eKbRmamminGnuBaØat[kan;RBHBuT§sasna EdlCaRBlwgCati dUcmuneLIy.
emø:aHehIyeKbgçMRBHsgÇ EdlKg;enAvtþRTar-s [elaklacaksikçabTTaMg
Gs;GgÁ.
cMENkmþay´ k¾eKmin[Kat;enArévGMe)aHÉpÞHEtÉgdUcmuneToteT KWKat;
RtUveTArévCMuCamYyGñkPUmi enAÉpÞHGñkdéTnwgeK. cMENkrUb´kþI RtUvTTYl
Parkic©XValeKamYyk,al dUcbgtU nig tUr:aEdr.
evlacugEx kkáda 1975 enAeBlRBwk bgGUkERskf¶Úrfa ³-QWeBaHNas;¡ em:øaHehIy KµankmøaMgnwgGaceTAsÞÚgnwgeK)aneT. mþay´pþaMtambgfal; nig bgem:A [CUndMNgw enHeTARbFanpg. cab;taMgBIéf¶enaH
mk bgGUkQb;Xøan)ay b¤bbr KWKat;RtUvkarEtTwkEtb:ueNÑaH. mþay´yl;
fa ³ RbsinebI[Kat;hUbTwkeqAb¤TwkRtCak; R)akdCabNþal[eBaHkan;Et
eFVITukç. em:øaHehIyEtgpþaMKat;[hUbTwkekþA]Nð²Canic©kMuxan. luHbIéf¶eRkay
knøgeTA bgGUkenAEtf¶Úrfa ³-eBaHenAEtQWmines,Iy. mü:ageTot kñúgrvagbIéf¶knøgmkenH Kat;hUb)anEtTwk em:øaHehIybNþal[Kat;Rsksac; BuMmankmøaMgedIrdUcmuneLIy.
29

Kat;cab;epþImvarenAkñúgpÞH dUcCaenAeBlEdlKat;RtUvkar eTAbnÞb;TwkCaedIm.
mþay´mindac;citþ[bgGUkenApÞHEtÉgdUcmuneLIy. k¾b:uEnþ edayrUbKat;min
GacsMuc,ab;eKsRmak)anedaygay Kat;k¾Bwg´[enACYyemIlEfTaMbgGUk.
cMENkeKaEdl´TTYlbnÞúk bgtU nig tUr:a CYyXValCMnYs´. kñúgTIFøapÞHyay
fun manRck edIm,IeKGacedIrkat;eTAvalERsCaedImedayesrI. manéf¶mYy
enAeBlEdl´kMBugEtkMdrbgGUk Rsab;EtmannarIbdivtþn_mñak; ¬narIGñkPUmi
RTar-sesøókexµABak;exµA¦ edIrkat;TIenaH )anERskBIeRkampÞHmkfa ³-GUkeGIy¡ enAsRmakdl;NaeTot¡ lµmeTAsÞÚgnwgeKehIy>>>luHenAevlaresol bgGUkniyaymkkan;´edaysMdIy:agRsTn;fa ³-GaEdtCYyerobcMexaGavdak;begVc[bgpg edaybnþiceTot elakma¬manin¦nig bgnag EdlenARbeTsCb:un nwgCiHynþehaHmkTTYlbg ehIy.
´P£ak;nwgBaküsMdIrbs;Kat; ehIynwksµanfaKat;niyayelg. Kat;k¾var
sMedAeTArkbegVcexaGavKat; Edl)anykBIPñMeBjmk ehIyerIsyksemøók
bMBak;NaEdlKat;eBjcitþ dUcCasMBt;xøICaedIm [´evcdak;begVcfµI. luH)an
TTYlbegVcehIy Kat;ykmk»b RBmTaMgEp¥kxñgeTAnwgssrpÞH eFµcEPñk
jjwm hak;bIdUcCarMePIb nwgkaryl;eXIjfa ³-Citdl;eBl)aneFVIdMeNIreTARbeTsCb:un. eday´manv½yeTIbEtdb;
qñaMenAeLIy ´minGacsnñidæannwgTidæPaBTaMgenH[)anc,as;las;;eLIy.
-etITidæPaBTaMgenHCaPaBRsém CasubinEdlb:gR)afña b¤mYyk¾CaPaB
30

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hUb)ayCayUréf¶mkehIy em:øaHehIyKat;R)akdCaXøanxøaMgEmn. edayGaNit
Kat;eBk ´min)anKitGMBIGVI[)anditdl;eLIy ´lIgeBat[Kat;hUbtam
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hUb TwkRtCak; bgGUk bgðajTwkmuxy:agsáb; KWKat;Qb;TamTarGVIdUcmuneTot
ehIy. luHdl;evlal¶ac mþay´ nigbg²)anvilRtLb;mkBIeFVIkarTaMg
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maneLIgBIéf¶¶mijCUnKat;eT. eyIgdaMbbrhUbCMuKña k¾b:uEnþ bgGUk min)anmk
cUlvg;nwgeKeT KWKat;eKgekIybegVc Edl´erobcMCUnBIéf¶eFVIRBegIy. eRkay
BIeyIg´hUbGaharl¶acrYcral;ehIy bgGUkcab;epþImERskf¶Úrfa ³-QWeBaHNas;¡ mþay´sÞúHeTAGEg¥leBaHbgGUk dUcRbRktIy:agfñm²
k¾b:uEnþ Kat;hak;bIdUcCamankaregOgq¶l;fa ³ mUlehtuGI)anCamanGVIdMu²enA
31

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naMGMBIsuxPaBbgGUkCabnþbnÞab; ehIyKYr[cEmøkNas; edaymantamñak;
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ehIy. eday´cg;esøóksMBt;fµIeTA ´[Kat;enAcaMÉeRkANa+m:ak>>>.
mþay´ pøas;sBM t;[kUnRsICaTIRsLaj;tamsMNUmBry:agRsgUtRsgat;.
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dMeNksaCafµIeLIgvij. yb;kan;EteRCAeLIg² k¾b:uEnþpÞúyeTAvij mnusSmña
mkkMdrKat;kan;EteRcIn. RKaenaH KµanmnÞIreBTü KµanevC¢bNÐit KµanfñaMsgáÚv edIm,I
Büa)aleT>>>bgGUkcab;epþImdkcgáaman;>>>mþay´eBalmkkan;´ nigGaENtfa ³-yb;eRCANas;eTAehIy cUrkUnTaMgBIr eFµcEPñkeKgmuncuH>>> ´minbRmugeKgmuneT k¾b:uEnþ rMeBcenaH ´eKglk;mYyPaMg. yb;GRFaRtpøas;
32bþÚrcUleTAdl;éf¶bnÞab; enAeBlB¤semøgbgem:AERskRTehayM ´P£ak;xøÜn
BIdMeNk ehIygakemIleTAbgGUky:agRbjab;Rbjal; Rsab;EteXIjman
kEnSgs RKbBIelImuxKat>>> BueT§a¡ bgGUksøab;ehIy¡ mc©úraCd¾sahavyg;Xñg Gñkmkqk;ykCIvitbgRsI´ edayKµanRtaRbNIdl;Kat;bnþicTal;Et
esaH>>>.
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relIb be)asxñg hak;bIdUcCapáaRkBuMEdlRtUvBüúHsgÇramkkac;Tg>>>.
CIvitbgGUk EsnbrisuT§ BMumanl¥k;kkr Kµankmµ KµaneBor Kat;eRtomxøÜn
edIm,IsVaKmn_ jjwmTTYlesckþIsøab; edayminPitP½y edaycitþnwgnYn>>>.

333

8 BiFIbuNüsBbgGUk
enAÉeRkA eRkamBnøWePøIgcnøúH bgfal; nig BU²RbmaNCa6-7nak;
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mQUsedIm,IykmkrMusBbgGUk. mþay´elIkédkUnRsITaMgeTV mkdak;sMBHelI
RTUg TaMgTwkmuxRsgUtRsgat;. ´segáteXIjKat; kMst;kay kMst;citþ swgEtyMe)akR)aN k¾b:uEnþpÞúyeTAvij citþkayKat;exSaHexSay bNþal[eTACa
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eXIjTidæPaBEbbenH GñkEdlenAkMdrral;KñaTaMgeKTaMg´xSwkxSÜl GYlENn
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34

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mþay´erobcMsemøókbMBak;NaEdlbgGUkeBjcitþ edIm,IbBa©úHCamYynwgsB k¾
b:uEnþ elaktaGacarüeBalfa ³-CakarRbesIr cUrpþl;eTA®sþINaEdlmanGayudMNalbgGUkeTAvij.
BU² nig bgfal; rMusBbgGUknwgkenÞlRkhm bnÞab;mk)anykmQUskRmg
bJsSImkrMuBIelI eTIbykExSRkecAcgCMuvijRbmaNCa4-5kEnøg. yb;kan;EteRCAggwtsUnüQwg semøgsøwkbJsSIb:HTgÁicKñaB¤sUrRcav² EdlbNþalmkBI
xül;bk;e)akelVIy² eFVI[´RtCak;RBWxøÜn. edayggwteBk eP£óvTaMgLaymin
GacdEgðsBeTATIkEnøgbBa©úHeT. ehIymü:ageTot mUlehtueday)armÖxøac ´
nig GaENtEdlCab¥ÚnRsIeBA tameTACamYyTaMgkNþalGRFaRt mþay´s‘UxaM
mat;sgát;citþ min)aneTAbBa©úHsBkUnRsInwgeKeLIy. bgfal;EsgsBbgGUk
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vijeTAmk EpñksikSa EpñkkILa EpñksIuvlI ½y nig EpñkGVI²sBVEbby:ag etIbg
fal; EdleTIbEtmanGayu18qñaM Kat;evTnaGarmµN_y:agNa? enAéf¶bnÞab;muneBleTAeFVIkar manGñkPUmixøHevcGgárdak;fñk;Rkma eQogcUlykmkCUn
mþay´ kñúgn½yfa ³ Cabc©½ybuNüsBbgGUk eTAtamsT§aTan. mþay´BwgGñk
PUmi[ekarsk; edIm,Ikan;TukçkUnRsI ´k¾)anGgVrsMuekarCamYy nigKat;Edr KWcg;
bgðajBITwkcitþRsLaj;cMeBaHbgGUk RBmTaMgsUmTTYl kMhusEdl´)anpþl;eBatlIg nig TwkRtCak;eTAKat;BImSilmijpg>>>.
RbmaNCamYyGaTitüeRkay eBlevla)anQancUleTAdl;edImExsIha
qñaM1975. mþay´)anTTYlesckþIGnuBaØatBIRbFanPUmi edIm,IeTAemIlpñÚrbg
GUk CamYyGñkPUmi2-3nak;. eday´b:geTAtaMgBIkalbBa©úHdMbUgem:øH enaH
´k¾TTUcGgVrBwgbgtU nig tUr:a[CYyXValeKa´. eRkayBIbgGUksøab;BMuman
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nic© nigsUm[qab;)anvilRtLb;eTAPñMeBj kñúgeBlqab;²kMubIxan. evlayb;
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taMgBIdwgkþImk ´BMuEdl)anCYbRbTHnwgsRms;páaEbbenH. ´RtUvEsVgrkTINa
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37

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B½t’manfµI KWeK[GñkCMelosmkBIPñMeBjdUcCaRKYsar´CaedIm cakecjBIPUmi
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338

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enAedImqñaM1976 eyIgerobcMsemøókbMBak;EdlmanbnþicbnþÜc RBmTaMg
smÖar³dUcCacanqñaMgdak;bgVic dUcCakal)ancakecjBIPñMeBj sMedAeTATisedA
EdleKbgÁab;bBa¢a. eyIgCMrabla nigEføgGMNrKuNyayfun edaymindwgCaéf¶NaeTIb)anCYbKñasaCafµI EdlKat;)anCYypþl;lMenAsßany:agkk;ekþAenA
evlaRkIRk \t]bmaEbbenH. GñkPUmimñak; sµ½RKcitþCUnreTHeKaeyIgeTATmøak;
enAERBkeBaF×. eyIgdak;GIva:n;elIreTHeKa ehIymþay´ nig ´ RBmTaMgGaENt
EdlCab¥ÚnRsIeBAeLIgCiHreTH cMENkbg²Kat;edIrtamBIeRkay. )aneTAdl;pøvÚ GaceXIjTYleKaksENþk ´]TÞsi kñgú citþbYgsYgsUm[bgGUkCYytamEfrkSa
eyIgral;Kña[)anRbkbeTAedayesckþIsuxekSmkSanþCadrabkMubIxaneLIy.
-laehIybgGUk>>> ´sUmlabgTaMgkþIGal½ymYyRKasinehIy>>>.
¬´sUmbriyay erOgEdlmanTMnak;TMngnwgbgGUkd¾cEmøkmYyfa ³
CayUrqñaMeRkaymk ´RtUvcakecjBIRbeTsCatiCaTIRslaj;KµanBIr eFVIdMeNIr
mkrs;enARbeTsCb:un eRkayBInag´erobGaBah_BiBah_)ankMLúugeBlbYnqñaM
qøgTenø)ankUnRsI mansñamedAenAR)aNnagd¾tUcmYy.
kalBInagmanGayuRbmaNCa 5 qñaM enAeBlcUlgUtTwkCamYy´ CakarécdnüNas; KWnag)aneBalmkkan;´fa ³-kUnsþayNas;m:ak; mUlehtuGI)anCasñamedAenH minRBmmkmanenA39)ateCIgkUnxagsþaMh+?ñ ´;P£ak;nwgsMdInag. rMeBcenaH GarmµN_´nwkeXIjeTA
dl;evlaEdlbgGUksøab;yayfun)anykFüÚgmklabenA)ateCIgsþaMbgGUk>>>\LÚvenH kUnRsI´Gayu14qñaM sac;sl¥s¥at mankm<s;mFüm enAeBl
jjwm eFVI[f<al;xYc KWmuxmat;nag RsedognigbgGUkebHdak;>>>´)ansnµt;fa ³-bgGUk )anmkcab;kMeNItCakUnRsIEtmYyrbs;´. ´EtgEtmancitþ
senþasRbNI xnþIemtþa RBmTaMgRsLaj;nagesµInwgCIvit¦.
mþay´mineLIgCiHTUkedIm,IqøgeTAeRtIymçagPøameT Kat;)annaMpøÚv´ nig
bg² edIrbnþBEI RBkeBaF× sMedAeTAPUmibJsSIRsuk EdlCaRsukkMeNItxagCIdUn´.
enAeRkamBnøRW BHGaTitüEdlmankemþARbmaNCa35GgSarekþABn;eBk RBmTaMg
tampøÚvRsbnwgTenøEdlRbkbeTAedaysñamreTHeKakMBIkkMBk RBmTaMgbgðúy
l¥gFUlIsMebImpg bNþal[eyIgral;KñaxHkeRskTwk minGacRTaM)an. edayesckþIsT§aRCHføa enAtammuxpÞHGñkPUmixøH eKmandak;Twkd¾føaeQVgy:agRtCak;
kñúgxab;enAeRkammøb;eQI edIm,I[GñkdMeNIrhUbtamcMNg;citþ. minEtb:ueNÑaH
esat mankEnøgxøHeKmaneFVIdl;eTAxÞm edIm,I[GñkdMeNIrsRmakEfmeTAeTot.
´EsnrMePIbnwgTMenomTmøab;Exµrd¾l¥RbéBEbbenHNas;. ´ekHmþay´ ehIy
niyayeTAkan;Kat;edaysemøgtic²fa ³-m:ak;¡ m©as;TwkeKcitþ)anNas;. enAeBl)anvilRtLb;eTAPñMeBjvij
eyIgKYrEtyktRmab;tameKNa+m:ak;. mþay´gk;k,aljjwm hak;bIdUcCaeBj
40citþnwgsMdIrbs;kUnRsIy:agéRkElg.
eyIgcMNayeBlevlaRbmaNCabIem:ag eTIb)aneTAdl;PUmibJsSIRsuk.
enATIenaH eyIg)aneXIjGñkPUmiesøókexµABak;exµAminxusEbøkGMBIGñkPUmiRTar>s
eLIy. eyIgsYreTAGñkPUmi ehIyedIrsMedAeTArkeKhdæanyaymøiH EdlRtUv
Cab¥ÚnRsIeBAbegáItCIdUnrbs;´. mþay´)anerobrab;énkarRBat;R)as;«Buk´RBmTaMg
GMBITidæPaBkalEdlbgGUklacakelak edaysRmk;TwkEPñkEdlmanrsµIdUc
eBRCBNÑrayCUnyaymøiH. enHKWCaRKadMbUg RBmTaMgCaRKacugeRkaybMput
Edl´)aneXIjTwkEPñkrbs;Gkñ mþayéføCaTIRsLaj;. yaymøHi GEg¥lsµamþay
´ RBmTaMgeBaledaysMdIlYgelamfa ³-cUrnagkMuyM¡ mIgyl;fa ³ nagR)akdCa)anCYbnwgkµÜyRbus¬«Buk´¦enAéf¶NamYyvijCaminxaneLIy. cMENkRsIGUk dUcBaküelakfa ³ sgçarmin
eTogNa+nag>>> eBalehIy Kat;)an[kUnecAKat; cab;kUnman;jImYypþl;[eyIgykeTAciBa©wm edIm,ICaes,ógeTAéf¶mux. eyIg)ansc©anwgKñafa nwgCYbKña
saCafµIenAevlaNaEdlRbeTs)ansuxsnþiPaBy:ageRkomRkMCaTIbMput. eyIg
minGacenAniyaysMeNHsMNalKña)anyUreLIy KWRtUveFVIdMeNIreTAmuxeTot
tambBa¢aGgÁkarEdlmann½yfa CabBa¢aGñkdwknaMCadac;xat. eyIgeFVIdMeNIr
sMedAeTAmat;RcaMgedIm,ICiHTUkqøgeTAeRtIymçagEdlmankaNUttUc² CaeRcIn
enArg;caMcmøgGñkCMelos[eFVIdMeNIreTAtMbn;xageCIg. ´P£ak;eRBItedayenA
eBleLIgCiHTUk bgfal;eBalmkkan;mþay´fa ³
41

-sUmm:ak;naMb¥Ún²eFVIdMeNIreTAmuxmunsineTAcuH. BIeRBaH´yl;fa ³
eTaHbICaeTAmuxeTot k¾minGacrMBwgfa nwgmanGnaKtl¥Edr. em:øaHehIy ´cg;
enAesIubemIlsßankarN_bnþicsinNa+m:ak;. mþay´RCYjcieBa©Im ehIyRbEkk
edaydac;Ghgáarfa ³min)anCadac;xatfal;¡ m:ak;yl;citþkUnc,as;Nas;¡ k¾b:uEnþ cUrkUnKit
emIlcuH KWeyIgKµanRckÉNanwgGaceKc[putBIkNþab;édeKrYceLIy.
cuHTwkRkeBIeLIgelIxøa¡ Na+kUn>>> bgfal;RsgakcitþéRkElg edaymin)an
TTYlkþIGnuBaØatBIGñkmþay. ´Gacyl;Cak;fa enACMnan;enH ³ «Buk´kþI bgfal;
kþI RbsinebIeyIgRBat;Kña KWeyIgKµanviFI RBmTaMgKµanTUrs½BÞedIm,ITak;TgKña
eLIy. KWeyIgRtUvRBat;KñaluHGvsankal>>> kaNUtbeBa¢H eyIgmkdl;kNþal
TenøEdlmanTwkBN’kaehVGUeL XøIgeXøageTAedayrlktUc². RbmaNCa
15naTIeRkay eyIg)anqøgeTAdl;eRtIyBamCIkg EdlCatMbn;manERBksm,Úr
eTAedayRtIeRcInéRkElg. eyIgcuHeTArg;caM[eKCUneyIgnwgLanTahankg;db;
edIm,IeFIVdMeNIrsMedAeTATisedAfµI. enATIenaH mnusSeRcInmhimaenArg;caMCiH
LanedIm,IeFVIdMeNIreTAmuxeTotdUceyIg´Edr. LanTahanbYn-db;mkdwkeyIg
ral;KñaeTAtampøÚvCatielx6 sMedAeTAtMbn;xageCIgedayel,ÓnmFüm.
edayLanBMumandMbUl ´GacRkeLkemIleTAeXIjeTsPaBCnbT Edl
manvalERsd¾FMlVwgelVIy. ´yl;fa ³ eTAéf¶muxnwgminxVHxat)ayhUbdUcmun
eToteLIy. enAtamPWøERsd¾lðelðvmanlMGeTAedayedImetñatEdlBt;ekag
42bnþicbnþÜcBIFmµCati RBmTaMgmaneKdak;rMeyagbMBg;edIm,IykTwketñatkUreFVICa
sárpg. luHRbmaNCabI-bYnem:ageRkay)anmkdl;mat;sgwÞ mank,als<anEdl
BIGtItkalmanpSaresÞag eK[eyIgral;KñacuHBIelIILan ehIypSBVpSay fa ³
-TIenHKWCaextþkMBg;FM RsukesÞag. éf¶Es¥k nwgmanreTHmkTTYlmitþ
ral;Kña eTAlMenAdæanerog²xøÜn. em:øaHehIyyb;enH sUmenAsRmakTIenHbeNþaH
GasnñsincuH. k¾b:uEnþ hamCadac;xatfa ³ minRtUveTAliceTAekIteLIy. kal
enAPñMeBj Fmµta {pSar} CaTIsm,ÚreTAedaymðÚbGahar dUcCa RtIsac; bEnø
EpøeQI bEg¥m cm¥ab>>>. luHbegðIrGarmµN_EbbenH bNþal[´eRskXøan
y:agxøaMg ´ykédsÞabeBaH´Edl)ak;Rsut esIÞrnwgb:Hdl;q¥wgxñg>>>.

343

10 reTHkMNt;RBhμlixitTwksÞwgesÞagEdll¥k;mFüm bBa©aMgeTAedayrsµIRBHGaTitüenAeBlRBwk
RBham vayrlkdMu² tUc² bgðaj[eXIjnUvbriyakasénFmµCatid¾RsKt;
RsKM. reTHeKad¾eRcInmhima EdleyIgminGacsnñidæan)anfa BYkeKkMBugeFVI
dMeNIrmkBIPUmiNaxøH edIm,ITTYlBYkeyIgeLIy. GñkbrreTHTaMgLay BYkKat;
esøókBak;BN’exµA EdlbgðajTwkmuxeBareBjeTAedayPaBsVaKmn_mkelIBYk
eyIgkñúgsPaBFmµta. xN³enaH mþay´eBal eTAkan;BUGñkbrmñak;fa ³-BYk´GacCiHreTHmYyNak¾)anEdr b¤BU?
BUGñkbreqøIytbmkmþay´vijy:agrYsrayfa ³-)aT²¡ GñkGacCiHreTHmYyNak¾)anEdr )aT¡
B¤dUecñaH mþay´Kat;hak;bIdUcCaeRtkGrNas;. bnÞab;mkBYkeyIg)an
eRCIserIsreTHmYy Bwg[eKCUneyIgsMedAeTAeKaledAfµI.
reTHdwkeyIgcmøgs<anesÞagcMNayevlaRbmaNmindl;R)aMnaTI RsbCa
mYynwgreTHbYnR)aMeTotEdldwkRKYsardéT )anbt;eTAsþaM ehIydak;eyIgcuH
enAmuxeKhdæanmYy TIenaHCashkrN_ EdlsßitenAkñúgPUmietñat. luHdak;
BYkeyIgcuHehIy BUGñkbr)anbkeRkayy:agRbjab; edIm,IeTATTYlGñkdéTdUc
BYkeyIgmksaCafµIeTot. enATl;muxnwgshkrN_ GñkPUmiesøókexµABak;exµA
CaeRcInnak; kMBugkUrsáretñatbegðIrkøni Q¶úyQ¶b; bNþal[´elbTwkmat;k¥wk².
44

edayRTaMBuM)an ´k¾ekHmþay´ehIyeBaleTAkan;Kat;fa ³-´cg;Ba£aMusáretñatNas;m:ak;¡-minGIeT¡ caMbnþiceTot eyIgmksMuEckBIeKNa+kUn¡
mþay´eqøIytbedayTwkmuxjjwm hak;bIdUcCaKat;k¾manbMNgdUc´Edr. eRkay
mk luHreTH)aneTATTYlGñkCMelosdUcBYk´mkEfmeTot)ancMnYnmnusSRbmaN
Ca150nak; mkCMuKñaenAshkrN_ ehIyRbFanPUmieQµaH tasURt )ancat;
EcgGMBIlMenAdæan[eyIgral;Kña. mUlehtuedayRKYsar´manKñadl;eTAR)aMBIrnak; tasURt)ancat;Ecg[eTArs;enACamYypÞHtas‘un Edlrs;enAEtÉg.pÞHtas‘un enATl;muxnwgpÞHtasURt EdlCaRbFanPUmi. pÞHtas‘un sg;GMBIeQI
putBIdI edIm,IbgáarevlamanTwkCMnn; Rbk;ek,ÓgminxusBIpÞHGñkPUmidéTeLIy.
ehIyenAÉeRkaypÞHKat; manedImeckCaeRcInedIm. tas‘un kMBugGgÁúybBaÄr
k,alCgÁg; eyIgral;Kña)anCMrabsYrKat;tamGakar³KYrsm.
GarmµN_´enAEtbegðIreTAelIsáretñatEdlKYr[q¶aj;enaHenAeLIy. ´ nig
GaENt kan;cannwgédCaRsac; ehIyetOnGñkmþay eTAsMuEcksárBIGñkPUmi.
mþay´eBaleTAkan;GñkkUrsár edaysMdIrdWnbnþicfa ³-GñkeGIy¡ Ecksár[´bnþicmk)anb¤eT?
GñkkUrsárTTYlcanBIéd´ ehIydYssárdak;can[´mancMNuHeRcInmFüm.
´kan;cansáretñat EdleTIbnwgkUrfµI² ekþA]Nð² kiønRkGUbRbehIr TaMgcitþtk;Rkhl; RbjibRbjab;vilRtLb;eTApÞHedIm,IhUbCMuKñanwgbgb¥Únvij.
45luH)anmkdl;pÞHehIy eyIgkan;søabRBamñak;mYy eRtomxøÜnmkGgÁúyCMuvijcan
sár EdlnwgGac]btßmÖCa {vItamIn} cMeBaHBYkeyIg. evlaenaH eyIgmincaM)ac;
GñkNaKYrsmGñkNaeT mü:ageTot eyIgk¾minxusEbøkGMBIhVÚgRsemaceramsár
Edr. eTaHbICasárGs;rlIgBIcaneTAehIykþI ´ nig GaENtenAminTan;Gs;citþ
eyIgTaMgBIrenAliT§mat; liT§éd liT§søabRBa>>> mincg;XøatcakBIcaneLIy.
mYysnÞúHeRkaymk ekµgGñkPUmimñak;mkehAeyIg[eTATTYl{rbb} ¬CaBiesscg¥úleTAelI Ggár/ GMbil/ )ay/ bbr EdlCaes,ógGahar¦ EdleKbRmugnwg
EckenAshkrN_. eK[eyIgkt;cMnYnRKYsar ePT eQµaH Gayu erog²xøÜn eTIb
eKEckGgár edIm,I[eyIgTukhUbRbmaNCaBIrbIéf¶ RBmTaMgGMbil bnþicbnþÜc
pg. evlaenaH\riyabTGñkPUmiTaMgLay mansPaBFmµtamkelIBYkeyIgEdl
CaCnCMelos em:øaHehIyeyIgminTan;Gacsnñidæan)anfa ³-BYkeKCa {qµalak;Rkck } enAeLIyeT. eBlRtLb;mkdl;pÞHvij tas‘unm©as;pÞHeBalmkkan;BYk´fa ³-enAÉsÞwgxageRkaypÞHsm,ÚrRKMNas;Na+¡ CaBiesseRkammøb;eQI. B¤
dUecñaH ´EsnRcas;Rcal;enAElgsuxmYykEnøg k¾bbYlGaENtsMedAeTAsÞwg
PøammYyrMeBc.
edImqñaM 1976 nardUvR)aMg TwksÞwgesÞag manCeRmARtwmcegáH´ EdlevlaenaH´manGayu11qñaM. ´ nig GaENtEhlTwksÞwgelgmYysnÞúHFM eTIb
eyIgnaMKñacab;epþImravRKMenAeRkammøb;eQI tamBakütas‘un. RKMCaeRcInsm¶M
46

enAcenøaHRKYs nig RKYs y:agsuxsanþCaTIbMput. evlaenaH R)akdCaBYkeK min
nwksµanfa nwgmanRBanRsItUc² BIrnak;bgb¥Ún mkyayICIviteLIy. eyIg
cMNayeBlevlaRbmaNCamYyem:ag rav)anRKMRbEhlCamYyKILÚRkamyk
mkes¶ardak;GMbil hUbCMuKña enAevlaGaharl¶acenaHEtmþg. RsbKñanwgeBl
enaH´k¾minnwksµanfa ³-enHKWCaevlacugeRkaybMput EdlRKYsareyIg)anenAhUbcukCMuKña>>>.
CaBiessenAevlaenaH ´k¾min)annwksµaneTAdl;fa ³ reTHEdleyIgeRCIserIs
CiHéf¶enaH CareTHkMNt;RBhµlixitRKYsar´eTAGnaKteLIy>>>.

347

11 kMRBacitþd,itrs;Xøatmþay
qñaM 1976 ExbusS eK[eyIgerobcMexaGavbnþicbnþÜcerog²xøÜn eTA
sñak;enAEk,rkardæan RBmTaMgRtUUveFVkI arrYmKñaCaRkum eTAtamGayu ePT Edl
GgÁkarbBa¢a. eK[´eTAeFVIkarrYmCamYyRkumkumarGñkPUmi cMENkbg² Kat;
RtUvcUleFVIkarCaRkumedayELk² CamYyGñkfµIdUcKña. evlaenaH mþay´Kat;
manGayueTIbEt45qñaMenAeLIy. k¾b:uEnþ mUlehtuedaykgVHCIvCati RBmTaMg
manTukçkgVl; dUcCakar)armÖGMBIGnaKtkUn² bNþal[Kat;Rsksac; sÁmsÁaMg
sáÚvsk; hak;bIdUcCadUncas;GayuxÞg;70.
BYkeKehAmþay´fa ³ yayeNn² GaENtmanGayueTIbEt9qñaM RBmTaMg
xVHCIvCati bNþal[FMEteBaH. mþay´)armÖGMBIsuxPaBkUneBAy:agxøaMg Kat;
k¾sMNUmBrRbFanPUmi sUm[GaENtrs;enAEk,rKat;ÉPUmienApÞHtasu‘n. Rkum
kumarEdl´cUlrYmeFVIkar mancMnYnRbEhlCa20nak; EdlsrubKñanwgkumarGñk
PUmi nigkumarGñkCMelosmkfµI dUcCarUb´CaedIm.
GñkPUmieK[eQµaHxøÜneKfa ³{Gñkcas;} cMENkBYkeyIgEdleTIbnwgCMelos
mkeK[eQµaHfa ³ {GñkfµI}.
evlaenaH Gñkcas;Edlmanv½yyuv½nPaKeRcIn eK)aneTARbyuT§enAsmr
PUmimuxswgEtral;Kña. em:øaHehIy yuv½nGñkcas; cMnYntictYcbMput eKenAeFVIkar
Ek,rPUmietñat EdlehAfaTYlPøg k¾b:uEnþeyIgminGacsnµtfa BYkeKmanmuxgar
48

CaGVIeLIy. enHKWCaRKadMbUgbMput Edl´RtUvrs;Xøatq¶ay GMBIGñkmþayCaTI
RsLaj; ´EsnkþúkkþÜl RBmTaMgkMRBacitþ\t]bma edayyl;fa ³ RtUveKg
EtÉg>>>k¾b:uEnþsMNagl¥Nas; edayevlaenaH´)aneFVIkarEk,rnwgRkumbgfal;
EdlsuT§EtCayuvCnGñkfµIdUcKña. Rkumbgfal;TTYlbnÞúkRcUtkat;e)akEbn
cMENkBYk´Rkumkumar TTYlbnÞúkerIskYrRsUvtamBIeRkay. TIsRmakrbs;
eyIgRbk;dMbUlGMBIcMebIg RBmTaMgkRmalk¾RkalGMBIcMebIgEdr. eyIgKµankenÞledIm,IRkaldUcGñkcas;eT RtUvsRmakelIcMebIgpÞal; em:øaHehIybNþal
[esáóbxøÜnswgEteKgminlk;.
minEtb:ueNÑaHstVl¥itCaeRcInRbePTEdlrs;enAkñúgcMebIg EtgmkrMxan
dMeNkeyIgmin[sRmak)ansáb;sál;ral;raRtI. mü:ageTotedaykargarRbcaM
éf¶mankarmmajwk eyIgrkEteBlgUtTwkk¾KµanEdr. mUlehtuedayeyIg
eFVIkaredayELkBIKña cab;taMgBIeBlenaHmk ´min)andwgfa bgem:A/bgtU/ tUr:amanmuxkarGVI RBmTaMgKat;ral;Kñars;enATINaeLIy. rIÉmþay´Kat;enAeFVIkar
ÉPUmiCaerogral;éf¶ cMMENkGaENt EtgEtenAEk,rKat;Cadrab.
RkumyuvCnbgfal;kþI RkumkumarBYk´kþI manGñkcas;CaRbFan edIm,IRtYt
RtaeyIgRKb;vinaTI. evlaenaH RbFanRkum´eQµaH bgenOn GayuxÞg;20qñaM
Fat;RTluk pÞHKat;enAcMBIxageRkaypÞHtasURt EdlCaRbFanPUmi. karsRmak
CaRkum KWedIm,IgayRsYl enAeBlRbmUlmnusS[ecjeTAeFVIkar. Caerog
ral;éf¶ eKdas;eyIgBIdMeNk[eRkakeLIgBIyb;enAevlaman;rgavdMbUgbg¥s;.
49

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minGnuBaaØt[eyIghUbGaharRBwkeLIy. eRkayBI)aneFVIkarRbmaNCabIem:ag
eTIbeKGnuBaaØt[eyIgsRmakRbEhlCa10naTI edIm,IeTArkTwkhUb b¤eTArk
bgÁn;CaedIm.
luHevlaéf¶eRTtBIRtg; RsemalmanRbEvgRbEhlCaBIrEm:Rt eTIbeK
GnuBaaØt[eyIgeTAeragvij edIm,IhUbGaharéf¶. edayrdUvenaHCardUvRcUt bbr
EdleKEck[eyIgxab;mFüm k¾b:uEnþeKminEck[eyIghUb)anEq¥tsáb;sál;eT.
mü:ageTot eKBMumanEckGVIedIm,IeFVICamðÚbeLIy KWmanEtGMbilBIrbIRKab;Et
b:ueNÑaH.
eRkayevlahUbbbréf¶ eTaHbICaRBHGaTitüenAExbusS elakbeBa©jb£T§i
GMNacGs;kMrit ekþAdUcePøIgy:agNakþI eKmin[eyIgenAsRmak edIm,IykkmøaMg)anyUr b¤enAerrabNþal[xatbg;eBlevlaeLIy.
yuvCnTaMgLayédkan;keNÐóvRKb;²Kña ecjeTARcUty:agsVahab;teTA
eTot edaykarbBa¢a nig bgçMGMBI {GgÁkar} ¬GñkdwknaMEdlmanGMNac¦. luH
evlaggwtemIlRsUvElgeXIj eTIbeK[eyIgmkerag hUbbbr sRmakyk
kmøaMg edIm,IeTAeFVIkarenAéf¶Es¥keTot.
kargareyIgKµanéf¶esAr_ b¤GaTitüeLIy ehIyeK[eyIgeFVIkarkñúgmYyéf¶
RbEhlCa15em:ag. edaykarenOyht; nigxVHCIvCatisBVEbby:ag RBmTaMg
minGacGt;RTaMnwgkarrs;XøatGMBIGñkmþayCayUréf¶)an bNþal[´)ak;kmøaMg50

kay kmøaMgcitþ RKunekþA minGaceRkakBIdMeNkeTAeFVIkarnwg)aneLIy. eday´
manCMgW {Cak;Esþg} ¬ekþAxøÜn/eraKehIm/rbYsF¶n;>>>¦ EbbenaH eTIbbgenOn
GnuBaaØt[´sRmak)anmYyéf¶. mUlehtuedaymineXIj´eTAeFVIkar bgfal;
mankar)armÖ mkelIrUb´y:agxøaMg. luHyb;bnþic Kat;)anmksYrsuxTukç´ RBm
TaMgenAédKat;mankan;EBgEdlmanTwkGVIenAkñúgenaH hucmk[´ ehIyeBal
fa ³-GaEdt¡ jaMuTwkenHeTAR)akdCamankmøaMgCaminxan edayxøÜn´mankemþAxøaMgBIéf¶ bNþal[QWcab;sBVsarBagÁkay k¾b:uEnþ eday)anbgfal; CYy
RKa ´k¾GaceRkakGgÁúy ehIyTTYlEBgBIédKat;.
-GrKuNbgfal>>>mUlehtuedayrMePIbnwgsnþancitþd¾lr¥ bs;bgfal; mkelIrUb´enAeBlenaHbNþal[´GYledImk esÞIrEtniyayeTAkan;Kat;vijminecj. TwkEdlmanenA
kñúgEBg manrsCaticEmøk RBmTaMgpSMnigCatiéRbbnþicbnþÜc.
edaysarTwkcEmøkEdlbgfal; ]btßmÖ[´BIyb;mSilmij eFVI[´mankmøaMgRBWs ehIyGaceTAeFVIkarnwgeK)anenAéf¶bnÞab;dUcFmµta. luHb:unµanéf¶knøgmk eTIb´)andwgfa ³ TwkcEmøkenaH KWCaTwks‘ubBs>>>.

351

12 bgfal;laeyIgehIy
qñaM 1976 Ex emsa. b:unµanéf¶knøgmkenH GgÁkar)anmkekaHehABU²
EdleFIVkarCamYybgfal; naMeTA {ksageLIgvij} ¬CnEdlmankarecaTRb
kan;fa ³ kalBIsm½yskþiPUmi manmuxgarCam®nþI/ nahµWn/ kugSIy_/ nayTun Ca
edIm edIm,IpþnÞaeTas¦ swgEtCaerogral;éf¶CabnþbnÞab;.
k¾b:uEnþKYr[cEmøkNas; mUlehtuedayeyIgminEdl)aneXIjnrNamñak;
GacvilRtLb;mkvijeLIy.
edaysarkarRbwgERbgy:agskmµrbs;Rkumbgfal; kic©karRcUtkat;)an
rYcral;CasßaBr. munnwgpøas;bþÚreTATIkEnøgfµI nigedIm,ITTYlbnÞúkkargarfµIGgÁkarGnuBaØat[eyIgvilRtLb;eTAelgpÞHÉPUmi)anBIréf¶. ´EsnrMePIbesÞIr
ehIbeCIgputBIdI nwgkarEdl)anvileTACYbGñkmþaynigb¥ÚnRsICaTInwkrB¤k nig
CaTIRsLaj;.
BYkbgfal;RtUvenAruHeragsin. ´GnÞHsa minGacenAcaMTRmaMKat;rHu cb;)an
k¾eFVIdMeNIrvilRtLb;mkPUmimun CamYymitþRsIGñkfµIdUcKña Edl´EtgehAeKfa
GaXIm² eyIgniyayKñaelgtampøÚv sMedAeTAPUmiy:agrIkray.
´)aneTAdl;PUmimunevlaéf¶Rtg; enAeBl´eLIgeTAdl;elIpÞH tas‘unCam©as;pÞH kMBugGgÁúybBaÄrk,alCgÁg; eBalmkkan;´fa ³-mþayÉg eTAvaydIdMbUkedIm,IeFVICI enApÞHGñkcas; xaglicÉenaHNa+¡
52´EføgGMNrKuNKat;ehIy RbjibRbjab;sMedAeTArkGñkmþay nig GaENt
y:agrYsran;. enAeBl)aneXIjrUb´ Gñkmþay nig GaENt hak;bIdUcCarIkray
minxusEbøkGMBIGarmµN_´eLIy KWmUlehtuedayeyIgrB¤kKñaeTAvijeTAmk.
evlasRmakéf¶Rtg; eyIgTaMgbIedIrRtsgRtLb;eTApÞHvij ehIyerobcMGaharéf¶hUbCMuKñay:agl¥Úkl¥in.
mYysnÞúHeRkaymk ePøógFøak;eCakCaMdI ehIyenAÉeRkaypÞHtas‘un Edl
mancMkareck eyIg)anB¤semøghIugyMRbdak;Kña³ hIug ehag¡ hIug ehag¡
edayXøanxøaMgeBk ´Gt;RTaMmin)an k¾cuHeTAedjcab;hIug)anbI. ´kan;eCIg
hIuge)aknwgssrpÞHxageRkam kat;k,al Bnøat;Es,k dkeRKOgkñúgecj lag
Twk[s¥at RbLak;GMbil eTIbykmkGaMg hUbCamYyGaENt ¬sUmbBa¢ak;fa
enAeBlrMB¤kedIm,IBN’naRbeyaKenH ´RBWsm,úrKIgÁk;¦. bgfal;Edlrvl;enA
ruHerag k¾)anmkdl;pÞHEdr. ´dYsbbr dak;kñúgcan bYncMENk cansRmab;
bgfal; ´dYsCUnKat;eRcInCagcandéT.
mþay´dYs bbrGMBIcanKat; EsnfVayRBHBuT§ RBHFm’ RBHsgÇ sUmelakemtþaCYyeRsacRsg;BYkeyIg[)anputTukç putnrkGvicIEbbenHkMubIxan. eBl
enaH ´ nig GaENt ebomRmamédrg;caMTTYlsMNl;EsnenaH>>> rMeBcenaH)annwkeXIjdl;BaküEdlmunnwgeKCMeloseyIg[ecjBIPñMeBjd¾cEmøkBIrm:at;
EdleBalfa ³- {)aymYyRKab;Cab;knÞúyEqá ¬eKedjEqá edIm,Iyk)aymYyRKab;hUb¦}53

- {manpÞH\tmnusSenA manpøÚv\tmnusSedIr manCeNþIr\tmnusSeLIg}´Esnes£IbnwgBaküd¾qutenHNas;. etIGñkNaeK k¾BUEkTaym:øHhñ+? munnwg
RtLb;eTAeFVIkarbnþenAeBll¶ac mþay´)anlbsURtRBHFm’ y:ags¶at;es¶ómmUlehtuedaynUvsm½yenaH manvin½yhammin[kan;RBHBuT§sasna Cadac;
xat. RbsinebImanekµgGñkcas;mkQøbykdMNwgenAeRkampÞH ehIy)andwg
fa ³ mþay´)ansURtRBHFm’ b¤k¾)anEsneRBnCaedImenaH eKR)akdCanwgray
karN_eTA {GgáarelI} ¬GñkdwknaMCan;x<s; nigmanGMNacsBVEbby:ag¦ R)akd
CaeKnwgpþnÞaeTasmþay´CaminxaneLIy.
evlayb;munnwgcUldMeNk bgfal;eBalmkkan;mþay´y:agrEGgfa ³-m:ak;¡ [naLikaGUemhÁa mk´)aneT?
-kUnykeTAeFVIGI?RbsinebIRbFanRkumeXIj eKnwgrwbGUsykNa+kUn¡
mþay´eqøIyeTAbgfal; edaykþI)armÖéRkElg. R)akdehIy KWenAevlaenaH
sUm,IEtRkvwlmasd¾tUcrbs;´EdlGñkmþayEck[taMgBIkMeNItkþI k¾bgenOnCa
RbFanRkumh‘an {esIñsMu} ¬rwbGUs¦ eday\teGonxµas;. ehIymü:ageTot BIr
bIEx GgÁkarmkEqkGIva:n;eyIg esñIsMumaseBRC nigGVI²EdlmantémøcMeBaH
eyIgtamGMeBIcitþEfmeTotpg. eBlenaHmþay´yl;Cak;;GMBIsnþancitþbgfal;
RBmTaMgmankar)armÖ y:agxøaMgedayyl;eXIjfa ³ bgfal; b:unb:g eKc[putGMBIRbPB {BYkGaEk¥k} ¬edaysemøókbMBak;BYkeKBN’exµARKb;²Kña eyIgeRbob
eFobnwgEk¥k¦. evlaenaH ´eTIbEtmanGayu11qñaMkþI b:uEnþ´Gacyl;nUvsPaB
54

d¾twgrwugy:agc,as;;fa KeRmagEdlbgfal;kMBugb:g minxusEbøkGMBIBaküfa ³-mmaccUlePøIg¡ eLIy.
BIryb;enH´rMePIbéRkElg eday)aneKgGmGñkmþay CamYyGaENt.
kMLúgBIryb;enaH Gñkmþay)anniTanerOgy:agBieraH² [BYk´sþab; bNþal[´elIkRmamédTaMgdb; bn;mincg;[éf¶Es¥kQancUlmkTal;EtesaH. mUlehtu
edayéf¶Es¥kGacbMEbkrUb´ [eTArs;Xøatq¶ayGMBIGñkmþaysaCafµIeTot. k¾
b:uEnþeTaHbICa´xMbYgsYgbn;Rsn;y:agNa k¾RBHGaTitüelakminRbNI bnþicTal;
EtesaH. elakbeBa©jb£T§i bgVilkg;kaMvdþsgSar mnusSelak dUcRbRktI.
RBwkéf¶bnÞab;Edl´s¥b;CaTIbMput )anQancUlmkbMEbkBYkeyIgeday
KµanRtaRbNI elIkenHRkumbgfal;RtUveFVIdMeNIreTAextþkMBg;FM edIm,IelIkTMnb;
nigCIkRbLay. cMENkRkum´kumarRtUveTAelIkPøWERs enATIkEnøgepSg. ´»bGñkmþay sUmlaKat; nig GaENt y::agGaeLaHGal½yCaTIbMput edaymindwg
Caéf¶Na nwgGac)anmkCYbKñaeTot. eyIgeTARbCMuKñaenAshkrN_ eTIbeFVI
dMeNIrCaRkum eTATisedAkargarfµI. GarmµN_´)anbegðIrCUneTAbgfal; EdlevlaenaH Kat;manGayu19qñaMfa ³-laehIybgfal; sUmbgRbkbedayesckþIsux sgÇwmCYbbgenAevla
eRkayeTotkMubIxaneLIy KWevlaenaHehIy Edl´)anRKvIédlabgfal; enA
RKacugeRkaybg¥s>>>.
55

13 GyutþiFm’epSg²
qñaM 1976 Exmifuna. elIkenH BYk´EdlCaRkumkumarmanParkic©elIk
PøWERs munnwgelIkPøWERs eK[eyIgkab;rMlayPøWERscas;² EdlmantaMgBI
edIm[rabesµIsin eTIbeKvas;CamYyryEm:Rtkaer: KWmYyhitaedIm,IeFVICaPøWfµI.
evlaenaH KeRmagGgÁkar manbMNgeFVIERskñúgmYyhita [)anRsUvbIetan.
elIkenHkþI ´hak;bIdUcCamanP½BVsMNagl¥Nas; eday)aneFVIkarenAEk,rRkum
bgtU EdleyIgxan)anCYbKña CayUrExNas;mkehIy. eKRbKl;cbkab;[eyIgmñak;mYy edIm,Ikab;dIkaydak;bgÁI eTIbelIkykeTAbMBUneFVICaPøWERs.
kargard¾F¶n;F¶r RBmTaMgmanclnadEdl² taMgBIRBlwmeTIsyb;.
CaBiiess edayKµanGaharRBwk hUbCaerogral;éf¶pgenaH eyIgKµankmøaMgBlM
edIm,IeFVI karTal;EtesaH KWeFVIeRkamkarbgçMGMBIGgÁkarEtb:ueNÑaH.
eTaHbICakargarRbcaMéf¶mankarenOyht;elIskMrity:agNakþI TaMgeKTaMg´BMuh‘anf¶Úr b¤ h‘anbdiesFCadac;xat. k¾b:uEnþ eyIgral;KñaminGacyl; b¤ dwgfa ³{GgÁkar}CanrNaeLIy. evlaenaH \riyabTGñkcas;mkelIBYkeyIgGñkfµI
kan;EteqµIgeLIg². CaBiess cMeBaHPaBGyutþiFm’ dUcCakarpþl;cMnYnkargar
RbcaMéf¶b¤karEckbbr evlaéf¶ nigevlayb;CaedIm. ]TahrN_dUcCa eKvas;[eyIgGñkfµI elIkPøWERskñúgmYyéf¶ manRbEvgRbEhlCamñak;5Em:Rt. k¾b:uEnþ
BYkGñkcas;eKvas;[Et RbEhlCaBak;kNþalBYkeyIgEtb:ueNÑaH. enAevla
56

Gñkcas;eFVIkargarcb; RbFanRkumGnuBaØat[sRmak b¤mYyGac[vilRtLb;
eTAsRmakenAeragmun.
cMENkenAevlaEckbbrvij eK[eyIgGñkfµItRmg;CYrmun. eKdYsEt
Twkbbrrav²xagelI RBmTaMglayLMngi kakbbrbnþicbnþÜcEtb:ueNÑaH[eyIghUb. rUbkayeyIgGñkfµIral;Kña Es,kRKbq¥wgCMnIeXIjTaMgbnÞHf<al;xUg EPñkrUg
édeCIgsVitdUcEmkeQI RBmTaMgeBaHptesIÞb:Hdl;q¥wgxñg>>>.
cMENkBYkeK eKEckbbreKakdYsBIxageRkam ehIymancMNuHeRcInesIÞrhUbminGs;. sac;QamGñkcas;Rss;bs;ral;Kañ xusEbøkBIeyIgGñkfIµTaMgRsug. ehIymü:ageTot BYkeKGacTukbbrxøH edIm,IhUbenAevlaRBwk
munnwgecjeTAeFVIkar minGt;XøandUcBYkeyIgGñkfµIeT. eyIgGñkfµIral;KñaXøøanéRkElg. enAevlakMBugeFVIkar RbsinebIeyIg)anCYbRbTHkEgáb b¤kþamCaedIm
eyIgEsnrMePIb\t]bma. eyIgtamedjcab; {ePaCnahar} d¾BiessTaMgenaH
TukykeTAGaMghUbenAeBlkargarcb; enAeBleKGnuBaØat[vilRtLb;eTAeragvij.
´yl;fa ³ enAevlaenaH sBVstVTaMgenaH Casar³sMxan;cMeBaHBYkeyIg
EdlkMBgu EtxVHxatCIvCatisBVEbbya:g. CaBiessGacCYypÁtp; gÁ C; aFatudc¾ )M ac;
xøH² EdlsarBagÁkaymnusSstVRtUvkar edIm,IkareFVIclna. eyIgGñkfµImin
GacrMBwg«BukmþayenAÉPUmidUcGñkcas; EdlmansmtßPaBGacep£IRtIRbLak;
Rbhuk p¥k b¤ bEnø EpøeQI BIPUmimkeLIy.
57

´nwkeXIjerOgmYy KWkalBIéf¶mun enAeBl´)aneTACYbmþay´ ÉPUmi)anBIr
éf¶ Kat;eBalmkkan;´edayRseBancitþfa ³- enAÉPUmi eKEckrbb[BYkeyIgGñkfµImineTogTat;eBlevlaeLIy.
ehIyeTaHbICaEck k¾minEdlEck[eyIg)anRKb;RKan;Edr em:aø HehIymanéf¶xHøbNþal[eyIgGt;GIhUbTal;EtesaHk¾man>>>.
´EsnRseNaHnwgsMdImþay´ RBmTaMgmancitþGaNitGasUrdl;Kat;\t]bma
CaBiess ´GasUrdl;GaENtCab¥ÚnRsIeBA EdlkalBIRsukenAsm,Úrsb,ay
Føab;Et {BaJaMuerIs} sUm,IEtEpøe):amEdlCaEpøeQId¾mantémø k¾minecHhUbEdr.
´kan;canbbrEdleKEckevlayb; RbjibRbjab;sMedAeTAeragbgtU edIm,I
hUbCMuCamYyKat;. evlaenaH edaymineXIjrUbKat; ´k¾sYreTAGñkfµImñak;Edl
eFVIkarCamYyKat; eK)anR)ab;´fa ³- mitþtUminTan;cb;kargareT¡ em:øaHehIyenAelIkPøWEtÉgenAeLIy.
B¤dUecñaH bNþal[´ePøc)ayePøcTwkenAminsuxk¾sÞúHeTArkbgtUPøammYyrMeBc.
yb;ggwtemIlGVIswgEtmineXIj b:uEnþhak;bIdUcCamanRsemalnrNamñak;kMBug
elIkcbkab;dIeFVIPøWERs. éf¶enHbgtU s‘ybnþicedayeKpþl;TIkEnøg[elIkPøW
ERsb:HcMkEnøgenAkñúgTwk. evlaenaH bgtUhak;bIdUcCaP£ak;edayminnwksµanfa´mkrkKat;. ´CYyelIkPøWERsKat;)anRbmaNCaBIrem:ageTIbrYcral; eyIgk¾
bbYlKñavilRtLb;eTAerag ehIyEckbbrKñahUby:agesaHkeRkaH. enARCug
PøWERs xøHGgÁkartemøIgemRkUcak;ceRmogbdivtþn_ d¾RThwgGWgkgesÞIrEtEbk
58

Rtecok[eyIgsþab;Caerogral;éf¶. ]TahrN_dUcCabT ³- shkrN_ plitkmµ BIrBan;qñaM minEdlmaneT KµaneT RbCaCneyIg

RbCaCnkm<úCa eRkamTg;rN³sirS xøaMgkøamanC½y².
- enAsmrPUmimux vaysRmuk kemÞcBYkPñMeBj PñMeBj
rMedaHTwkdI RbCaCnrt;ecj Gak,t;mat;es£j sIuRkYs sIufµ.
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daMeBatkb,asRkecA Kµansl; kab;éRBCIkKl; elIkTMnb;CIkRbLay²>>>.

BitdUcGtßny½ xømw sarcRmogbdivtþn_enaHEmn GgÁkarbRmug[eyIgsIRu kYssIfu .µGgÁkarbg¥t;)ayeyIg [hUbEtbbrbnþicbnþÜc GgÁkarbgçMeyIg[eFVIkarelIs
kMrit GgÁkarmanKeRmagkemÞcBYkeyIgGñkfµI CaBiessGñkCMelosmkBIPñMeBj
edayminerIsmux. ´manCIvPaBd¾kMst;EbbenaHCamYybgtU )anRbEhlCa
knøHqñaM. eTaHbICaevlaenaH ´eTIbnwg)ansikSaenAbzmsikSafñak;TI4 EmnBit
k¾b:uEnþ´Gacyl;Cak;GMBIbuNünig)ab yutþiFm’nigGyutþiFm’Cak;c,as;Nas;;.
BYkeKGacbøn;suPmgÁl RBmTaMgsiT§iesrIPaBeyIg)an k¾bu:EnþBYkeKminGac
QøanBandl;RkeGAebHdUgeyIg)anCadac;xat>>>.

359

14 épÞemX\tBN’
qñaM1976 ExFñÚ skmµPaBelIkPøWERs EdlGgÁkarkMNt;[eyIgeFVI)an
cb;CasßaBr. GgÁkarGnuBaØat[BYkeyIgvilRtLb;eTAPUmiedIm,IlMEhcitþkay
)anrvagBIréf¶dUcsBVmYydg. yb;enaHenAeBlhUbbbr bgtU)anEckkNþúr
ERsGaMg[´hUb. Kat;)ankNþrú mkBIrenAeBlKat;kab;PEWø Rscas; k¾kab;b:HcMrgUkNþúrERs. edaysarkarGt;XøanxøaMg eyIgTaMgBIrmin)ansBa¢wgKitfa ³ sac;kNþúrman»Carsq¥ab b¤minq¥ab q¶aj;b¤minq¶aj;eLIy.
eyIgTaMgBIrhUbePaCnahard¾BiessenHbeNþIr begðIrGarmµN_eTAmþaynwgb¥ÚnRsI EdlTnÞwgcaMemIlpøÚveyIgÉPUmibeNþIr. evlayb;enaH ´tk;Rkhl;citþ
éRkElg enAevlaTTYlTandMeNk ´elIkédbn;RBHsMBHeTvta sUmelak
CYy[éf¶Es¥kQancUlmk[qab;². luHRBwkéf¶bnÞab; ´P£ak;BIRBlwmedaymincaM)ac;RbFanRkumdas; ehIybbYlGaXImEdlCamitþRsIGñkfµIdUcKña eFVIdMeNIr
vileTAPUmiCamYyKñadUcmuneTot. eyIgrMePIbnwgkar)anedIrCamYyKña enAevlaGgÁkarGnuBaØat[vilRtLb;eTAPUmimþgmáalEbbenaHNas;. mUlehtueday
sar enHKWCa»kasd¾l¥bMput EdleyIgGacrMB¤kerOgr:avkalBIRsukenAsm,Úr
sb,ay dUcCa rMB¤kGMBIsalaeron/mðÚbcMNI/semøókbMBak>>>.
ebItamFµta eTaHbICaRKan;EtkarniyayrMB¤kGMBIerOgkalBIenAsgÁmcas;
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60

-mUlehtuedaykarmineBjcitþnwg {sgÁmbdivtþn_ d¾l¥\tex©aH}rbs;eK
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¬RbsinebIeKminhamXat;[epJIsMbuRteTARKYsarÉPUmi k¾enACMnan;enaH
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ePøgRbéBNI/ srubesckþIeTA KWePøgb¤ceRmógsm½ycas;sBVEbby:ag¦. kar
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Rbkan;fa ³ {xussIlFm’}GgÁkarnwgpþnÞaeTasedayykeTA {ksag} ´cMNay
eBlevlaRbEhlCaBIrem:ag eTIbmkdl;PUmiehIylaGaXIm. RKYsarGaXIm
enApÞHbgenOn EdlCaRbFankaleyIgenARkumkumar dl;PUmiehIy ´k¾bbYl
GaENteTAravRKMenAsÞwgesÞag RBmTaMgeqøótqøgeTAeRtIymçag edIm,IebHsøwk
61

Rbmat;dI/RksaMgTab² mkcm¥inhUbCMuKñaenAevlaéf¶. ebItamFmµta GaENt
minEdlh‘anecjdMeNIreTANaEtÉg edIm,IrkGVIykmkhUbeLIy. KWeTaH
bICaGt;Xøany:agNa s‘URTaMGt;. mUlehtuedaymincg;XøatBIGñkmþay eTaHbI
mYyvinaTIk¾eday. enAevlahUb)ayéf¶ mþay´eBalmkkan;´ nig bgtU fa ³-éf¶mun bgem:A nigtUra:)anmkelgpÞHerog²xøÜn )anBIréf¶Edr TaMgBIrnak;suxsb,ayCaFmµtaeT rIÉbgfal;mni Edl)aneXIjvilRtLb;mkeLIy>>>.
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kan;canmñak;mYy ehIyedIrsMedAeTATYlPøg )aneXIjyuv½nGñkcas; Gayu
RbEhlCa15-18qñakM BM gu kUrsár BYkeKhak;bdI cU CaP£ak;ya: gxøagM edayeXIjrUb´nwgGaXIm eKdYssárdak;can[eyIgTaMgBIr)anERkl RBmTaMgeBalmk
kan;eyIgy:agmutmaMfa ³-mitþTaMgBIr minRtUvmkTIenHsaCafµIeTotCadac;xat¡ eyIgTaMgBIrEføg
GMNrKuNBYkeK RBmTaMgeqøIyedaytk;søútfa ³ casmitþ¡ evlaenaH ´ nig
GaXIm minTan;cab;GarmµN_fa ³ TIenaHKWCavalBiXateLIy>>> evlaBIréf¶ Edl)anmkrYmrs;CamYyGñkmþay nigb¥ÚnRsICaTIRsLaj;)anknøgputeTAy:agqab;
rh½s hak;bIdUcepøkbenÞar.
bgtUjjwms¶Üt mat;Kat;eRbóbdUcc®nÞamYycMNit RBmTaMgRKvIédla´.
evlaenaH RkumbgtURtUveTAcl½tenAextþkMBg;FM. cMENkBYk´ manParkic©
elIkTMnb;CIkRbLay enAdgpøÚvCatielx6 EdlsßitenAminq¶ayBIPUmib:unµaneT.
62

eK[eyIgeFVIkarrYmCamYyGñkPUmiepSg Edlrs;enAsgáat;CamYyEdlehAfa
PUmieck nig PUmickCaedIm.
qñaM 1977 Ex emsa. RbFanRkumfµI Edl)anmkcUlrYm CaGñkPUmickeQµaHbgnYn sm,úrexµA EPñkmUldUcRKab;XøI Fat;RTlukeRbobdUcdMrITwk. kargar
elIkTMnb;CIkRbLay mankarenOyht;xøaMgCagkarelIkPøWERstUc² TaMgRsug.
bg²kab;dIdak;bgÁI[eyIgErkykeTAbMBUneFVITMnb; Edlmankm<s;RbEhlCabIEm:Rt TMhMRbEhlCaR)aMEm:Rt.
eRkamBnøWRBHGaTitücaMgEcgbeBa©jkemþAGs;kMrwt elakBMuxnþIRbNIemtþa
dl;BYk´EdlKµanRkmaTTUr dUcBYkGñkcas;bnþicTal;EtesaH. ´ekþAk,alesÞIr
Ebkllad_ em:øaHehIy´ErkdITaMgB½n§eCIg Rtecokhwug dgðk;degðImbNþal
[Tn;eCIgRsutenAmYykEnøg edaymindwgxøÜn. eTaHbICay:agNakþI ´minGac
ERskf¶Úr b¤ERskyMtammenaseBa©tnaeLIy. luHeXIjTidæPaBEbbenaH bg
nYnk¾GnuBaØat[´eTAsRmakenAeRkammøb;eQI.
´egIyemIlemXad¾RsLH eXIjbkSabkSIehIrRtsgTaMgKU RBmTaMg
ecalEPñkemIleTsPaBCMvu ji Edlmanlm¥eTAedayedImetñatsmsYnnwgGtßn½y
bTceRmógEdlkvI nYn kn elakEtgCacMNgeCIgfa{»épÞRsukExµr}.
k¾b:uénþpÞúyeTAvij eTsPaBTaMgLayEdlqøúHbBa©aMgehIybNþal[ditCab;kñúg
ebHdUg´enAevlaenaH hak;bIdUcCayl;eXIjfa ³ emXBN’RsG½BÞ KW épÞemX
\tBN’>>>.
63

15 lacakTukçesakmYyRKa
qñaM1977 Exkkáda. kargarelIkTMnb;CIkRbLayBMumanéf¶cb;éf¶ehIy
eLIy manevlaxøH enAeBl´ErkdIeTAcak;elIkMBUlTMnb; )aneXIjGgÁkar
esøók Bak;exµA beNþIrBU²GñkfµI¬GacsnñidæanfaCaGñkfµI edaysemøókbMBak;Kat;kNþac¦ BIrbInak; sMedAcUleTAsalakaeLs EdlsßitenAEk,rTYlPøg. enA
evlaenaH eKTukdak;salaenaHCaTIXMuXaMg KWCaTIkEnøgkat;eTas b¤CaTIkEnøg
edIm,IykmnusSeTAksageLIgvij¬eTasRbharCIvit¦ .
evlaéf¶eRC bgnYnGnuBaØat[BYkeyIgeTAeragedIm,IhUbbbr. k¾b:uEnþbbr
éf¶enaHhak;bIdUcCamanBN’xusEbøkBIRbRktI KWmUlehtumkBImanlayRtkYn.
minEtb:ueNÑaHmanéf¶xøH bbrmanlaydl;eTAedImeckEfmeTAeTot. ebItam
FmµtaenHKWCa)ayRCUkEmnb¤eT? edayxVHCIvCatiRKb;sBV maneraKmü:agehAfa
eraKehIm )anmkyayIragkayeyIgEdlCaGñkfµI. eraKehImCaeraKKYr[
jejItmü:ag ebInrNarehImRsk²BIrbIdg nwgGac)at;bg;dl;GayuCIvit.
edayRTaMnwgCIvPaBEbbenaHmin)an BYkGñkcas; eKbbYlKñart;eTApÞHsRmak
kargar BIrbIéf¶eFVIRBegIy. k¾b:uEnþeTaHbICaeyIgGñkfµIcg;yktRmab;tamBYkeK
k¾eyIgBMumanGVIhUbÉPUmiEdr. CaBiess GgÁkarR)akdCanwgpþnÞaeTaseyIgeTA
tamvin½yy:agtwgEtgCaminxaneLIy.
qñaM1977 Extula. GgÁkarmanKeRmag erobGaBah_BiBah_ edayeRbIviFI
64

[bursnig®sþIcab;édKña. vin½yGaBah_BiBah_CMnan;enaHKWGñkcas;Gacerob)an
EtCamYynwgGñkcas; cMENkGñkfµI Gacerob)anEtCamYyGñkfµIdUcKña. enAevla
eFVIBiFIGaBah_BiBah_ GgÁkarRbmUlkMeLaHRkmuM[)ancMnYnesµIKñaQrtRmg;CaCYr
cab;édnwgGñkEdlQrTl;nwgmuxehIy rMeBcenaHGñkTaMgBIrkøayeTAbþIRbBn§
nwgKñaCasßaBr. bgenOnEdlCaRbFankal´enARkumkumar k¾RtUv)anGgÁkar
pSMpÁMúenAevlaenaHEdr. evlaenaHmUlehtuedayRKYsar¬bþI¦bgenOnCaeyaFa
eRkayBIerobkar)anRbmaNCaBIrbIéf¶ Kat;RtUveFVIdMeNIreTAsmrPUmimuxtam
bBa¢aGgÁkarkMNt;. KW)anesckþIfa eTaHbICabþIRbBn§k¾eday k¾minGacrs;enA
Ek,rKñay:agl¥Úkl¥WnCanirnþr_)aneLIy.
evlamanBiFIerobGaBah_BiBah_mþg² bgCMTg;²GñkfµIEdlmanv½yRKb;kar
EtgsresIrmkrUb´fa³-GaEdt sMNagNas; edayenAtUcminTan;RKb;kar¡qñaM1977 Exvicäika. manéf¶mYy enAevla´kMBugErkdIelIkTMnb; hUr
ejIssRsak;Rsab;EtmanbursesøókBak;exµA sm,úrexµA EPñkmut cieBa©ImRkas;
mñak; mkrkbgnYnCaRbFanRkum´. bnÞab;mk bursenaHedIrsMedAmkEk,r´ ehIy
eBalTaMgTwkmuxjjwmfa ³-xMRbwgeFVIkareLIg [qab;FM qab;eBjv½y>>>.
´PJak;sµartI mUlehtuedaytaMgBIeKCMelos[mkrs;enAtMbn;esÞagenH
BMuEdlmanGñkcas;Namñak; eBalBaküGVImkkan;´ edayTwkmuxjjwmesaH
65

eLIy. luHenAevlasRmakGaharéf¶ bgnYnekaHehA´RBmTaMgeBalfa ³-BUeCOncg;[mitþEdt eTAdaMdMLÚgCamYyKat;enAéRBkb;rs;Na+. em:øaHehIy cab;taMgBIéf¶Es¥keTA mincaM)ac;mkelIkTMnb;eToteT éf¶Es¥k cUrmitþ
vilRtLb;eTAPUmisRmakmYyéf¶sineTAcuH luHdl;xanEs¥kRBwk mitþRtUveTACYbCMuKña enAshkrN_kMuxan.
´EsnrMePIbéRkElg edayyl;eXIjfa munnwgeFVIdMeNIreTAéRBkb;rs;
edIm,ITTYlParkic©daMdMLÚg GaceQogeTACYbmþay´RBmTaMgb¥ÚnRsIÉPUmi.
enAéf¶bnÞab; ´eRkakBIRBlwm edIrpgrt;pg eFVIdMeNIreTAPUmiedaymingakeRkay´)aneTAdl;pÞH munevlamþay´ecjeTAeFVIkar. enAevlaGñkmþay)aneXIj´
TwkmuxKat;EsnrMePIbminxusBIGarmµN_´eLIy ´eBaleTAkan;Kat;fa ³-cab;taMgBIéf¶Es¥keTAeK[´eTAdaMdLM gÚ enAÉéRBkb;rs;Na+mak; .
B¤dUcecñaHmþay´Kat;eRtkGrNas; RBmTaMgeBalfa ³-saFu¡ saFu¡sUm[kUn)anjauMbbrxab;Cag\LÚvenHNa+kUn .
evlaenaH mþay´manParkic©CaGñkcaMcMkarRtsk; enAEk,rPUmi. ´yl;eXIjfa ³ kargarcaMcMkarRtsk; RsNukCagkargardéT EdlGgÁkar pþl;[Kat;eFVItaMgBImun²mk.
mUlehtuedaycg;enAEk,rGñkmþayCaTInwkrB¤k nig CaTIRsLaj;[)aneBjmYyéf¶ ´k¾seRmccitþeTAcaMcMkarRtsk;CamYyKat;.
eyIgnaMKñaGgÁúyeRkammøb;eQI ehIyenAeBl)aneXIjstVGIVEdlb:gmk
66

sIuEpøRtsk; eyIgrt;eTAedjstVenaHPøammYyrMeBc enAevlaGgÁúyeRkammøb;
eQIEk,rGñkmþay GarmµN_´Esnkk;ekþACaTIbMput.
bnÞab;mk mþay´bgðajTwkmuxRsgUtRsgat; RBmTaMgeBaledaysemøg
Tn;elVIyfa ³-RbsinebI manin bgnag CiHynþehaHmkTTYleyIgykeTACb:uneyIgR)akdCaGacputcakTukçesakevTnaTaMgLayCaminxan>>>.
-mü:ageTot m:ak;sUmsresIrCIvitRsIGUk GñkNak¾RsLaj;rab;Gan RBm
TaMgvasnal¥Nas; edayenAevlasøab; BMumanQWcab; Rkhl;Rkhay>>>.
´Gacyl;eXIjfa sMdIEdlKat;eBalkan;´TaMgenaH hak;bIdUcCaGs;sgÇwmnwgkarts‘UénCIvitelakiy d¾EsnggwtsUnüsug rkRckecjminrYc Ebb
enaH. mü:ageTot ´Gacsnñidæan nUvBaküsMdIrbs;Kat; KW)ann½yfa ³-s‘Usøab;¡RbesIrCagrs;enAdUcstVFatu EdlKµanesrIPaB KµansuPmgÁl
´EsnGaeNacGaF½mdl;Gñkmþay EdlkalBICMnan;mun elakFøab;manmuxgar
CaGñkGb;rM d¾l¥RbéBmYyrUb GñkpgTaMgLayeKarBRsLaj;rab;Gan. bnÞab;mk ´)anbEgVrGarmµN_eTAevlabgGUksøab; manmnusSmñaCaeRcInmkenAkMdr
RBmTaMgevla)aneTAGuCFUb CUnpñÚrKat;CamYymþay´CaedIm edaycitþeRkom
eRkaH. yb;enaHmþay´)anniTanerOg{b£T§iEsn nagkRgI} [´nig GaENtsþab;edaysemøgy:agRsTn; bNþal[ebHdUg´ RtCak;RtCMéRkElg.
erOgenHCaerOgkMst; k¾b:uEnþCaBiess KWbBa¢ak;eTAelITwkcitþrbs;mþayd¾FMTUlM
67

TUlayeTAelIknU ehIysnþancitrþ bs;knU k¾mni xusEbøkGMBGI kñ manKuNeLIy.
´EsnrMePIb\t]bma mUlehtuedayTIbMputerOgd¾kMst;Gs©arüenH bNþal[tYÉk)anTTYlnUvsuPmgÁl eTAtamGMeBIrbs;eKCaerog²xøÜn.
yb;kan;EteRCAsemøgniTand¾RtCak;lðwmrbs;Gñkmþay bNþal[´s¶b;kay s¶b;citþ Tn;EPñk lg;lk; GaclacakTukçesakmYyRKa>>>.

368

16 daMdMLÚgenAéRBkb;rs;qñaM1977 Exvicäika evlaRBwk. ´hak;bIdUcCaRsvaMgEPñknwgBnøWsuriya
nardUvrMehIy EdlelakbBa©aMgrsµIRBat² TmøúHCBa¢aMgpÞH. ´EsnFujRTan;nwg
karRtUveRkakBIdMeNkenAevlaRBwkenaHCagsBVmYydg KWmUlehtuedaycitþmin
cg;XøatcakecjBIGñkmþayCaTIRsLaj;esµICIvit.
´ykédsþaMRkesabkaymþay ehIyxMRbwgxaMmat; Xat;TwkEPñk kMu[hUrbNþal[elakBi)akcitþedaysarrUb´. Gñkmþayjjwms¶Üt GEg¥lk,al´
fñm² ehIyeBaledaysemøgtUc²fa ³-kUnRsICaTIRsLaj;esµICIvitm:ak;¡ cUrkUnxitxMEfTaMsuxPaBCanic©Na+ ebI
tamcitþm:ak; mincg;[kUneTArs;enAXøatq¶ayEtÉgTal;EtesaH. RbsinebI
enAeBlNakUneRkomRkMcitþedayrB¤km:ak;xøaMg ehIyminGacGt;RTaM)an cUrkUn
TenÞj RBHFm’d¾xøI mYym:at;fa ³-{BueT§a Femµa segÇa} b¤ {BuT§M FmµM sgÇM} Na+kUn>>>´e)aHCMhand¾EsnF¶n; sMedAeTAshkrN_ EdlenATIenaHmanBUeCOnRBm
TaMgbg²RsI²GñkfµIdUc´RbmaNCadb;nak;;enArg;caM. rMeBcenaHhak;bIdUcCa
manGarmµN_mü:agbNþal[´rMePIbcitþ KWmUlehtuedayyl;eXIjfa ³-cab;GMBIéf¶enHeTAGaceKcput GMBIkarRbmaTemIlgayrbs;BYkGñkcas;
RBmTaMgesckþIlMeGognwgkarTTYlcMENkbriePaK nigkargarTaMgBYg.
69

luHmkCYbCMuKñaehIy BUeCOneBalmkkan;eyIgral;Kña edayTwkmuxFmµta
fa ³-cab;taMgBIéf¶enHeTA mitþTaMgGs;RtUveFVIdMeNIreTAéRBkb;rs;CamYy´
edIm,ITTYlParkic©daMdMLÚg BUeCOnCamnusSminsUv)anmat; ehIymancrittwgrwg.
k¾bEu: nþeTaHbICay:agNakIþ enAevlaKat;nyi aymkkan;´CaelIkdMbUg eBl´kMBug
elIkTMnb; eBlenaHKat;manTwkmuxjjwm. em:øaHehIy´Gacyl;eXIjfa ³-BUeCOn R)akdCaminEmnCamnusSeXareXAeLIy eyIgkan;bgVicy:ag
tUcmñak;mYyerog²xøÜn eFVIdMeNIredayeCIgTeTtamBIeRkayBUeCOn cMNayeBl
evlaRbEhlCamYyem:agknøH eTIb)aneTAdl;eKaledAfµI. enATIenaHmaneQI
Edlkab;CaeRsc RBmTaMgsøwketñatRkg edIm,IRbk;CadMbUl niges,ógeRcIn
mFümsRmab;BYkeyIg. ´yl;fa ³ R)akdCamanBUGñkcas;Namñak; Kat;dwk
rbs;TaMgenaHedayreTHeKa ykmkTuk[BYkeyIgCamun. BUeCOneFVIeragedIm,I
rUbKat;pÞal; manssrkm<s;RbEhlCaBIrEm:RtBIdI RBmTaMgmandak;kaMCeNþIr
pg. cMENkeragBYk´ )aneFVIenATl;muxnwgeragKat; k¾b:uEnþmankm<s;RbEhl
Cahasibsg;TIEm:RtEtb:ueNÑaH emø:aHehIymincaM)ac;RtUvkardak;kaMCeNIþreT.
enAéf¶bnÞab; eyIgtRmg;KñaCaCYr kab;dI erIsesµA ekordInwgcbkab; BUneFVICafñaldMLÚg. rYcehIyeyIgykvlø×dMLÚgCVamkedat edaymancm¶ayBIKña
RbEhlCasamsibsg;TIEm:Rt ErkTwkRtBaMgEdlmanenAEk,renaHykmk
eRsac dak;CIGacm_eKaenAKl;CakareRsc. dUcsMdIrbs;mþay´Emn CIvPaBenA
70

éRBkb;rs; minsUvCaenOydUckic©karelIkTMnb;CIkRbLayeT. ehIymü:ageTotéRBenaHsm,ÚreTAeday Kuy Føk RBIg pSitcMebIg dMLÚgéRB. l. EdlGac
pþl;CacMNId¾Biess sRmab;eyIgTaMgGs;Kña.
eRkayBIbBa©bk; argarenAevlaéf¶ BUeCOnEtgGnuBaØat[eyIgcUléRB edIm,I
EsVgrkePaCnaharTaMgenaHCadrab. manevlaxøH eyIgnaMKñaeLIgedImeQI
edIm,IykXµMú ehIyCYnkaleyIgnaMKña edIrtamsñameCIgstVctu)aTEdlrs;kñúgéRBedIm,IykmkeFVICaes,ógk¾man.
BUeCOnEtgrkSasiT§iCaRbFanCanic© KWKat;minhUb)ayCamYyeyIgeLIy
evlayb;eRCAmYy enAeBl´kMBugeKglk;sáb;mindwgCamUlehtuGVIeT Rsab;
EtsBVsarBagÁkay´eBItpSa ehIyeLIgRtCak;dUcTwkkk rMeBcenaH ´eBal
kñúgcitþfa ³ BueT§a>>>.
bnÞab;mk ´)at;sµartI nwksµanfa rUb´RtUvlacakelakiyenAeBlenaH.
k¾b:uEnþ ehtuEtTwkedaHGñkmþayéfø vasnal¥Nas; luHEs¥kRBwkeLIg ´)andwgxøÜneLIgvij. y:agehacNas; ´Gacyl;fa ³-dMeNkenAevlayb;enaH CadMeNkd¾yUrGEgVgxusEbøkBIFmµta.
luHRBwkeLIg´ra:yra:b;R)ab;BUeCOn nigmitþdéTnUvTidæPaBEdlekItmaneLIgBI
yb;mij.
BUeCOn)aneBalfa ³-R)akdCaxÞÜyehIy>>>
71

eBleenaH eTIb´yl;Cak; GMBImUlehtuEdlBUeCOnKat;eFVIerag[x<s;BIdI dl;eTARbEhlCaBIrEm:Rt KWedIm,IeCosvagkarBarxøÜn GMBIstVkMNacTaMgLay
EbbenaH.
-BUeCOnBitCamnusSqøatEmn>>>bnÞab;mk Rsab;EtmanbgRsImñak; eBaledayTwkmuxGwmeGonfa ³-cMENk´vij BIyb;mij)ansubineXIj {manBs;tamedjcwk´}. eyIg
ral;KñaGacyl;fa ³ Kat;cg;niyayfa {BUeCOnb:gRsLaj;rUbKat; }.
k¾b:uEnþ KYr[GaNitbnþicEdr edayBMumannrNamñak;ykcitþTukdak;nwgBaküsMdI
rbs;Kat; enAevlaenaH Tal;EtesaH.
bnÞab;mk´)ansBa¢wgKitfa ³-RbsinebIBUeCOnCamnusSeXareXA KWKat;GacRsLaj;narINamñak;k¾)anedayesrI. ehIymü:ageTot Kat;CaRbFanRkum KW)anesckþIfa Kat;CaGgÁkar
mYyrUb RKb;RKgeyIgral;KñaCaGñkfµI Edlrs;enAkñúgéRBd¾eRCA KWCIviteyIgenA
kñúgkNþab;édGgÁkarCanic©. ehIymü:ageTot eyIgBMumansiT§iGVIGacbdiesFnwg
GgÁkarCadac;xat. b:uEnþKYr[cMELkNas; eday´BuMEdlxVayxVl;GMBIerOg
nrNaRsLaj;nrNaTal;EtesaH. y:agehacNas;´GaceCOCak;fa ³-eTaHbICay:agNakþI BUeCOnKat;minb:HBal; b¤lUklan;rUbkay´ Edlmin
Tan;eBjv½y RBmTaMgédeCIgsÁmsgVit eRbobdUcEmkeQIEbbenaHeLIy .
qñaM1977 Exktiþk. evlaRBwkmYy BUeCOneBalmkkan;eyIg´fa ³72

éf¶enH sUmmitþral;Kña ykCIeTAdak;dMLÚg ´hak;bIdUcCamankareGonxµas;
Kat;bnþic mUlehtuedayCIenaH KWCalamkrbs;eyIgral;KñaEtmþg.
qñaM1978 ExmIna. dMLÚg)anTTYlplanupll¥RbesIr eyIgnaMKñaKas;)anemImeRcInmFüm[BUGñkcas;mñak;dwkykeTAPUmi ´b:gkñúgcitþsUm[dMLÚg
)aneTAdl;RkBHGñkmþay nigb¥ÚnRsIEdlrs;enAÉPUmiEdr.
´EsnrMePIbéRkElgedayéf¶enaH BUeCOnGnuBaØat[eyIgdutniges¶ardMLÚg hUbtamcMNg;citþ.

373

17 ekrmt’kGMBIGñkmþay
qñaM1978 ExmIna. CMenarExbusS bk;rvic² b:HdMbUlerageyIg EdlRbk;
BIsøwketñatsUrR)av² bNþal[´P£ak;xøÜnBIdMeNk edaymincaM)ac;nrNadas;.
citþ´EsnrMePIbedayRBwkenaH BUeCOneBalmkkan;eyIgral;Kñafa ³-cUrmitþTaMgGs;naMKñaeTAelgPUmi kMLúgevlaBIréf¶eTAcuH. eyIgjjwm
dak;KñaeTAvijeTAmk edayminGaclak;elomnwgesckþIeRtkGr Edlyl;
eXIjerog²xøÜn.
munnwgecjdMeNIreTAPUmieyIgbbYlKñacUléRBxñHExñgrkePaCnahar edIm,I
CabeBaØIGñkpÞH TaMgeKTaMg´xitxMsVHEsVgrk)anEpøFøk mak;eRbg mak;R)agdMLÚgéRB dMLÚgCVatUc²enAfñal EdlCasMNl;BYkeyIg)anKas;evlab:unµanéf¶
mun .
eyIglaBUeCOn tamkarKYrsm EdlKat;CaRbFanRkum eTIbeFVIdMeNIrsM
edAeTAPUmiCamYyKñaenAevlaRbEhlCaem:ag9RBwk. eTaHbICaeyIgral;Kña Kµan
mYkBak; KµanRkmaTTUr KµanEs,keCIgBak;BitEmn EtebHdUgeyIgral;KñaEsn
RtCak; RBmTaMgeBareBjeTAedayPaBkk;ekþACaTIbMput.
RbmaNCaknøHem:ageRkay eyIg)anecjputBIéRB eLIgeTAdl;pøÚvCati
elx6 luHedIr)anmYysnÞúHFM ´)aneXIjTidæPaBd¾KYr[segVKmYy Edlman
enAcieBa©Imfñl; TIenaHmanbursmñak;sÁmsøaMg Bak;kNþalxøÜnxagelI xøÜnTeT
74

RBmTaMgédTaMgsgxag RtUveKcgsøabesk. eKdak;Kat;[GgÁúyeRkamkemþA
RBHGaTitüd¾caMgEcgbeBa©jcMhayesÞIrEbkllad_k,al. Kat;sMyugkbBaðaj
kþIGs;sgÇwm RBmTaMgmanBüÜrkþarmYybnÞH Edlmansresrfa ³-GñkeTas¡
GarmµN_´ hak;bIdUcCamankMhwgCMnYsKat; ehIysBa¢wgKitfa ³-etIKat; mankMhusGVIEdr?
-mUlehtueday GgÁkar)anesIubGegáteXIjfa ³-kalBIsgÁmmun Kat;manmuxgarCanahµWn b¤ CaGñkGb;rM ?
-b¤mYyk¾mkBIKat; sRmakkargarmYyéf¶ edayKµanCMgWCak;Esþg?
-b¤ mUlehtu edayKat; lbkac;eBat BIcMkarmYyEpø?
´eQ¶akmuxcuH ehIye)aHCMhanecj[kan;Etq¶ayBITIenaH edayminha‘necal
EPñkemIleTAKat;teTAeTot TaMgcitþkþúkkþÜlCaTIbMput.
enAeBl)anmkdl;PUmi eFVI[´eLgLg; edayeXIjrUbbgem:A Edlxan)anCYbmuxKat; RbmaNCaBIrqñaMmkehIyenaH. sk;bgem:AEvg swgEtdl;sµa
ecjmkTTYl´ CamYyGñkmþay nig b¥ÚnRsIeBA eQµaHGaENt. ´Pøat;semøg
ehIyeBaleTAkan;Kat;fa ³-bgem:A¡ cuHehtuGI )anCabgTuksk;)anEvgem:øH?
¬sUmbBa¢ak;fa enAsm½ybdivtþn_ eKminGnuBaØat[®sþI Tuksk;Evgdl;RbEvg
eRkamcgáaCadac;xat ¦ bgem:AeqøIyfa ³75

-eRkayevlaGgÁkar GnuBaØat[bgvilRtLb;mksRmakÉPUmikñúgry³
eBlBIréf¶ bNþal[eCIgQWcukcab; s<wkminGaceFVIdMeNIr vilRtLb;eTAkardæan
nwgeKvij)aneLIy. em:øaHehIybgTTYlkþIGnuBaØatGMBItasURt EdlCaRbFan
PUmi[)anrs;enAÉPUmi CamYym:ak; taMgBIRbEhlCaBIrExmunmkem:Hø Na+. ¬niyay[Rtg;evlaenaH ´hak;bIdUcCamancitþRcENnnwgbgem:Afa ³ v½y´eTIbEt
13qñaM enAtUcCagKat; etImUlehtuGIV)anCa´BMu)anrs;enAEk,rGñkmþay?¦evla
munnwg´)anmkdl;PUmi b:unµanéf¶munenaH vasnal¥Nas; edaymþay´)andUr
cieBa¢óneBRCmYyvg; nigGgárRbEhlCabIKILÚBImIgGñkfIµmYyrUb.
mIgenaHRtUv)anreTHkMNt;RBhµlixit dwkRKYsarKat;eTArs;enAPUmiepSgsgáat;pSwgtaMgenACab;PUmietñat EdleyIg´rs;enA.
CMnan;RkIRk {GgáréføCagmas} {)aymYyRKab;Cab;knÞúyEqá} b:uEnþehtuGVI)anCamIgenaHmansl;Ggár dl;eTAGacedaHdUrnwgmaseBRCCamYymþay´Ebb
enaHhñ+? ´sUmsresIrvasnaGñkfIµdUcrUbKat; Edl)anTTYlrbbbribUrN_dl;
eTAGacsnSMTuk edIm,IedaHdUrnwgvtßúGñkdéTEbbenaH. k¾b:uEnþ sUmkMuePøc[esaH
fa enACMnan;enaH karedaHdUrsmÖar³epSg²eTAvijeTAmk minEmnCakargay
RsYleT KWCaGakar³ {k,t;Cati} mYyRbePTEdlGgÁkarminGnueRKaH[eyIg
CaGñkRbRBwtþiCadac;xat.
RbsinebIGgÁkar)andwgR)akdCanwgpþnÞaeTas RBmTaMgrwbGUsykmin[
esssl;GVIbnþicbnþÜceLIy.
76

eyIgnaMKñadNþaM)ay eday´CaGñkTTYlbnÞúk yamQøbtamRbehagCBa¢aMgpÞH. bnÞab;mkenAeBl)aneXIjEpSghuyBIkñúgpÞH´ tasURtedjkUn
RbusKat;eQµaH sug [mkesIubkarN_ eday\traErk.
luHenAevla)aneXIjQøbsMedAmkpÞHeyIg ´sBaØadak;bgem:APøam edIm,I[Kat;RbugRby½tñ. rMeBcenaH bgem:AelIkqñaMg)aycuHBIc®gáanEPøt ehIy
ykkEnSgRKblak; eTIbKat;ykkMesovTwkmkdak;daMeFVIRBegIy.
QøbsugsYrmkeyIgfa ³-kMBugdaMGI?
´eqøIyfa ³-kMBg;daMTwk>>>
eyIgjjwmdak;Kña eday)anTTYleCaKC½yBIQøbsug EdlbkeRkay
eTAvijédTeT.
bnÞab;mk tasURthak;bIdUcCaminGs;citþ )anbk;édehA´ bicf<al;ehIysYrfa ³-Fat; b¤ ehIm? ¬sMdItasURtEdlcitþyg;Xñg mansiT§ismøab;eyIgRKb;
evla cg;eBalfa ³-RbsinebIFat;RtUvbnßyGahar b¤bg¥t;GaharedIm,I[qab;søab; b:uEnþ
RbsinCaehIm minyUrminqab; R)akdCa)at;bg;CIvitedaymin)ac;bgçM¦.
sUmCMrabfa enAevlaenaH mUlehtuedaymþay´xVHCIvCati sÁmsÁaMgKµan
77

kmøaMgecjeTAeFIVkar)andUcmun Kat;RtUvGgÁkarbNþac;;rbb cab;taMgBIbIbYnéf¶
munmkemø:H. BitehIy KWeKbRmugsmøab;eyIg edaykarbg¥t;)ay. mü:ageTot
enAevlaenaH manBakümYym:at; EdlminKYr[eCO eBalfa ³-Tukk¾mincMeNj dkecjk¾minxat¡
kMLúgevlaBIréf¶ d¾mantémøcMeBaH´ )anQancUlmkbMEbkrUb´[XøatcakBIGñkmþayeTArs;enAÉéRBeRCA dUcmuneday\tRtaRbNI. mþay´)anniBn§
RBHFm’ d¾xøImYybT [´xMTenÞjedIm,ICa)armI sUmelakCYyEfrkSakarBar
enAevlaNaEdl´manGarmµN_keNþackENþg.

-BuT§MBueT§a nwkedImRBHeKa RBHEkvCYypg edImeBaF×mYyedImminTan;)anqøg RBHEkvCYypg qøgvalTaMgbI.
valFMEbkEpSg valEvgRkéRk qøgvalTaMgbI Tan;GñkmanbuNü.

evlaenaH ´minnwksµanfa ³-RBHFm’d¾xøIenaH køayeTACaekrmt’k RBmTaMgCabNþaMGMBIGñkmþay[´ts‘UnwgCIvit CacugeRkayeLIy>>>.

378

18 Exøgdac;knÞúy
qñaM1978 Ex]sPa. BIrExknøgeTA CIvPaBRBmTaMgkargarenAéRBkb;
rs; BMumanPaBERbRbYlGIVeLIy. eyIgral;KñaEtgEtTTYlkþIGnuBaØatBIBUeCOn
edIm,IcUléRBrkes,óg enAevlabBa©b;kic©karCaerogdrab. k¾b:uEnþhak;bIdUcCa
cMELkNas; mUlehtuedaykñúgevlab:unµans)aþh_enH ´min)aneXIjCnNa
mñak; dwkes,ógykmk[BYkeyIgTal;EtesaH. ´begðIrGarmµN_eTAGñkmþay/bgem:A/ GaENt Edlrs;enAÉPUmi edaykþI)armÖéRkElg. enAevlaEdlBUeCOn
GnuBaØat[BYk´eTAelgPUmi kñúgkMLúgeBlBIréf¶ ´)anB¤Gñkmþay elakeBal
edayesaHkeRkaHfa ³-mUlehtuedayqñaMenHminsUvmanePøóg bNþal[xVHTwk dIEbk RsUvsák
emø:aHehIy Kat;xan)anTTYlrbbb:unµanéf¶mkehIy>>>. ehIymü:ageTot ebImin
GacecjeTAeFVIkar k¾minGacedIrecjBIpÞHEdr. ebIeyIgecjedIrepþspþastam
GMeBIcitþ nwgGacRtUveKecaTRbkan;fa ³-QWstiGarmµN_¡ QWBut¡ em:øaHehIy eKR)akdCanwgdak;TaruNkmµKat;
F¶n;Cagkarbg¥t;Gahar CaminxaneLIy. GarmµN_´Esnvilvl; ehIysBa¢wg
Kitfa ³
-eKbRmug smøab;mþay´/bgem:A RBmTaMgGaENt edaykarbg¥t;Gaharb¤ mYyy:agNa?
79

tamkarsnñidæanrbs;´ enAevlaenaHsßanPaBkñúgRbeTs hak;bIdUcCa
manPaBya:b;yWunkan;EtxøaMgeLIg². EteyIgminGac):an;sµan edaygay)an
eLIy BIeRBaHKµanB½t’manGVICak;c,as; edIm,ICadMNwgTal;EtesaH. KWenACMnan;
enaHeyIgKµanviTüúsþab; EfmTaMgBuMmankaEstGanpg.
enAevlaéf¶mYy manyuv½nmYyrUb CiHesHnaMyksarmYyc,ab;mkRbKl;[BUeCOn enAevlaeyIgral;KñakMBugdgTwkRtBaMgeRsacdMLÚg. eRkayevla
hUbbbryb;rYcral;ehIy BUeCOn)anekaHehABYkeyIg[mkCYbCMuKña RBmTaMg
eBaledayTwkmuxtwgrwgfa ³-kargarenATIenH nwgRtUvbBa©b;Etb:ueNÑH em:øaHehIycab;BIéf¶Es¥keTA cUrmitþral;KñavilRtLb;eTAPUmi edIm,IcUlrYmcMENkeFIVBlkmµ nigRkummitþnarIEdl
kalBImunmitþral;KñaFøab;)aneFVICamYyeTAcuH.
´yl;Cak;fa enHR)akdCaesckþIbBa¢arbs;GgÁkarEdlyuv½nbMe)alesHBIéf¶miujenaH naMyksarmk[BUeCOnCaminxan.
karbBa¢a[vilRtLb;eTAelIkTMnb; CIkRbLayCamuxgarRtUveRbIkmøaMg)ayd¾EsnenOycMeBaHrUb´ EdlenAevlaenaHeTIbEtmanv½y14qñaM. munnwg´)aneTAdaMdMLÚgenAéRBkb;rs; ´Føab;)anBiesaFnwgkic©karEdlminecHcb; minecH
ehIyenaHCaeRscmkehIy.
CaBiess ´mankarlM)aknwgkarGt;Fµt; cMeBaHGakb,kiriyaGñkPUmi
EdlCaGñkcas;mkelIGñkfµI dUcrUb´CaedIm. ehIymü:ageTot ´)armÖGMBIkar
80

TTYlParkic©kargarRbcaMéf¶edayminesµPI aB RBmTaMgkarEckbbry:aglMeGog
KµankþIxµas;eGon KµankþIRtaRbNIdUcBImun². k¾b:uEnþeTaHbICay:agNakþI GarmµN_´ehAEsnrMePIb mUlehtuedaymunnwgeTAcUlrYmelIkTMnb;CIkRbLay ´Gac
vilRtLb;eTAPUmi)anCYbGñkmþay/ bgem:A/ GaENt saCafµIeTot. éRBkb;rs;
enAevlakNþalyb;GaRFaRt cRgitdUg/ cRgitEdk ERskyMbNþak;Kñahak;
bIdUcCaminecHenOyNayTal;EtesaH. rIÉenAevlaRBwkRBham semøgbkSabkSICaeRcInRbePT ERskyMrBM g ex£óvx£ar GWgkg elgRbELg bgðajnUv
Gakar³suxekSmkSanþéRkElg.
BUeCOnRbEmRbmUlBYkeyIg bnÞab;mkk¾eBalfa ³-cUrmitþral;KñavilRtLb;eTARkumcas;xitxMeFVIkar edIm,IbeRmIGgÁkar[Gs;BIsmtßPaBerog²xøÜn. munnwgeFVIdMeNIrsMedAeTAPUmi eyIg´bbYlKñacUl
éRB EsVgrkbEnø EpøeQI edIm,CabeBaØIGñkpÞH eBareBjeTAedaykþIesamnsSrIk
ray.
luH)anmkdl;pÞH edayminGaclak;elomnwgesckþInwkrB¤k ´rt;eLIg
CeNþIrTaMgcitþtk;Rkhl; ehIyERskehAGñkmþay/ bgem:A/ GaENt. k¾b:uEnþ
KYr[cEmøkNas; edayBMumannrNamñak;eqøIytbmk´eLIy.
bnÞab;mk tas‘unCam©as;pÞH EdlevlaenaHRtecokKat;F¶n; EPñkKat;
RsvaMg edayPaBCra )anB¤sERmk´ k¾GgáWlxøÜnecjmk ehIyeBalfa ³-GU¡ GaENt¡ ÉNaeTAmþayÉg nig nagem:A?
81´yl;Cak;fa ³ tas‘un R)akdCaRcLMCamYyrUb´ nwgGaENtehIy ´k¾
eqøIytbeTAKat;vijfa ³-eT¡ ´eQµaH GaEdt¡ minEmnGaENteTta¡
B¤dUecñaH tas‘un k¾eBalbEnßmeTotfa ³-mþayÉg/ nagem:A/nigGaENt )anRtUveKmkcab;bgçM das;[eTAdaMdMLÚg
TaMgkNþalGaRFaRt taMgBI BIrbIéf¶munem:øHNa+¡ .
eRkayBIB¤sMdItas‘un bNþal[´ggwtmuxsug søn;esøa GnÞHsa RtCak;xøÜn
dUcmnusSKµanviBaØaNenAkñúgxøÜn.
luHeXIjrUb´RsLaMgkaMgEbbenaH RbFanPUmei QµaHtasURtEdlCamnusSéRBépS mansiT§ibBa¢a [eKcab;RKYsar´eTATaMgkNþalGaRFaRt )anbk;éd
ehArUb´. mundMbUg ´nwksµanfa tasURtnwgR)ab;´fa ³-RKYsar´\LÚv )anRtUvGgÁkarbBa¢a[eTArs;enATINamYy k¾b:uEnþpÞúy
eTAvij tasURteFVIeBI KWBMumanbeBa©jeQµaHmþay´mYym:at;Tal;EtesaH EbrCa
eBalmkkan;´fa ³-eTAshkrN_eTA¡ nwgmaneKEcksemøókbMBak;[Na+¡ ´e)aHCMhan
sMedAeTAshkrN_ tamsMdItasURt hak;bIdUcCaTIgemagEdlKµanviBaØaN.
enATIenaH ´)aneXIjKMnrsemøókbMBak;rbs;GñkfµICaeRcIn.
EtenAevlaenaH ´minTan;)andwgfa ³-semøókbMBak;TaMgenaHsuT§EtCarbs;GñkfµI Edlmunnwgsmøab;RtUv)an82

edaHecjBIxøÜn>>>.
mUlehtuedayevlaenaH semøókbMBak;´manEtmYycegáH ´k¾)anerIs
ykexaeCIgEvgBN’épÞemX esøókRtLb;eTAkb;rs;vij TaMgkþIGs;sgÇwmcMeBaH
CIvit>>>.
BUeCOnkMBug)acRtI kñúgRsHenAéRBkb;rs; RKan;Et)aneXIjrUb´esøókexa
cEmøk RBmTaMgRbkbedayTwkmuxRseBan k¾eBaly:agkMbutfa ³-cab;taMgBIéf¶enHeTA mitþnwgkøayeTACaExøgdac;knÞúyehIy¡-BueT§a¡ ´minTan;)aneBalGVI mYym:at;enAeLIy ehtuGVI)anCaKat;dwg?
enAevlayb;enaH TwkEPñk´hUrmindac; edaykþInwkrB¤k RBmTaMgkþIesaksþaydl;GñkmþayEdl´RsLaj; elIsCIvit´eTAeTot>>>.
-GñkmþayCaTIRsLaj;eBjRk«ebHdUgkUn¡ etI\LÚvenH GñkenATINa>>>.

383

19 CIvitkñúgGvicInrk
qñaM1978 Exkkáda. ´kMRBakay rgacitþ mUlehtueday)anyl;Cak;fa³-cab;taMgBIéf¶enHteTA ´RtUvRBat;mataCaTIRsLaj; EdlminGaceRbob
eFob)an nigCaesckþIsgÇwménCIvitCaGvsan.
´RtUvvilRtLb;eTAelIkTMnb;CIkRbLay EdlCakargarenOyht; Edl
minGacTb;Tl;edayBMumanesssl;kmøaMgkay RBmTaMgkmøaMgcitþenAkñúgxøÜnbnþic
bnþÜcTal;EtesaH. k¾b:uEnþmanGarmµN_mü:ag eFVI[´enAmanCMenOd¾sþÜcesþIgfa ³-y:agehacNas; BUeCOnKat;R)akdCaBMuEmnCamnusScitþexµA b¤ mnusSéRBépS dUcCnEdleFVIbdivtþin_déTeTotLIy. ´eFVIdMeNIrRtuk² kñúgkþIGs;sgÇwménCIvit vilRtLb;eTAkardæanedImvij. enAevlaBYkGñkcas; )aneXIjrUb´ Gakb,ikiriyaeKral;Kña bgðajnUvPaBFujRTan;RkEsEPñkrbs;BYkeKmkelIrUb´)anbBaWÄfa ³-s¥I? ÉgenArs;enAeLIyeTb¤?
ehIycab;taMgBIéf¶enaHmk eKral;KñaEtgeBalBaküsmþIElbxaymkelI
rUb´ EdleK)ansnµtifa ³-CamnusSGnafa>>>.
´Esnrn§t; tk;søút bNþal[RBWxøÜnedayenAevla)anB¤BYkGñkcas;CHsMdIeBbRCaysMedAmkelIrUb´fa ³
84

-BYkÉgGñkfµI EdlGgÁkarekaHehA[eTAdaMdMLÚgTaMgyb;GaRFatüenaH
RtUveKRbmUlykeTAsalakaels>>>.
-ehIyGñkTaMgenaH eKsRmatxøÜn[enATeT bnÞab;mkeTIbnaMykeTATYl
Pøg[GgÁúyenAmuxreNþA ykdgcbkab;vayRtg;kBa©wgk ehIyRcanTmøak;eTAkñúgreNþA TaMgenAmandegðImenAeLIyNa+>>>.
-BYkÉgGñkfµI EdlminGaceFVIkar {Tukk¾mincMeNj dkecjk¾minxat}¡
BaküsMdI rbs;BYkeKmYym:at;² hak;bIdUcCamanmc©úraCcUlmksNæit Edl
eBareBjeTAedayKMnMuKuMKYn b:unb:gsgswkmkelIBYkeyIgGñkfµI EdlenAevla
enaH eKcat;TukfaCasRtUv edayminerIsmux. cab;taMgBI´)anpøas;bþÚrkargar
BIéRBkb;rs;mk ´EtgEtTTYlBaküd¾RTeKaHe)aHe)ak edayBMumanGakar³eGon
xµas xVHkþIemtþaBIGñkcas;Cadrab.
eTaHbICay:agNakþI GñkfµIdUcrUb´ BuMmansiT§iGVIGactv:anwgeKeLIy.
GarmµN_´EsnmYem:A Rkhl;Rkhay GnÞHGEnÞgéRkElg CaBiessmUlehtu
edayGaeNacGaF½meTAelIGñkmþay CaTIrMBwg nig bgem:A/ GaENt EdlKµan
kMhusGIVTal;EtesaH RBmTaMgCnrYmQam EdleKBiXadCarYmrab;rynak; rab;
Ban;nak;y:agGyutþiFm’>>>.
qñaM1978 ExsIha. BYk´GgáWkkargar elIkTMnb;CIkRbLay eTAeFVIenA
Tl;muxenAmþúMsalakaelsRsbnwgpøÚvCatielx6 EdlenAevlaenaHGgÁkar )an
dak;TukCaTIXMuXaMg. Caerogral;éf¶ ´EtgeXIjGgÁkarnaMGñkeTas CaBiess85

burs² EdlGacsnµtfaCaGñkfµI ¬edaysemøókbMBak;Kat;kNþac ehIyminEmn
BN’exµA¦k¾b:uEnþeyIgminGacsnñidæanfa eKnaMBYkKat;mkBIPUmiNaxøHeT edIrsMedA
cUleTAsalakaels.
EtKYr[cEmøkNas; edayeyIg)aneXIjGgÁkarnaMmnusS[cUleTACa
erOy² EtpÞúyeTAvij eyIgminEdl)aneXIj CnNamYyrUb)anecjBITIenaH
mkvijTal;EtesaH.
edaymankar)armÖxøacRbCaCnbHe)ar enAevlaCnNamYyRtUv)anGgÁkar
ecaTRbkan;fa CaGñkeTas nig ykeTApþnÞaeTas eKEtgeRbIBaküfa ³-{ykeTA salakaels}-{ykeTA ksageLIgvij}-{[eTA daMdMLÚg}. l.
k¾b:uEnþ RbeyaKTaMgLayenH KWsuT§EtmanGtßn½yCMnYsBakü ³ {BiXad}
enAevlaBYkeyIgGñkfµINamñak; mankMhusGVIbnþicbnþÜc Gñkcas;EtgeBalBakü
KMram RBmTaMglayLM nigPaBcMGkLkLWymkelIeyIgfa ³-Rby½tñ GgÁkar {ykeTAksageLIgvij} vuIy¡-Égcg;eTAsalakaelsb¤? KWenACMnan;enaH GgÁkarcat;TukCIvitBYk
eyIgGñkfµI BuMmantémøTal;EtesaHehIyRsalCagsMLIeTAeTot. k¾b:uEnþeTaHbI´eTIbEtmanGayu14qñaM xVHxatnUvCIvCatisBVEbby:ag y:agNak¾eday ´Gacyl;Cak;fa ³86

-CIvitmnusSmantémøelIsGVI²EdlmanenAkñúgelak RBmTaMgmanTm¶n;F¶n;CagEpndIeTAeTot>>>. ´segáteXIjfa BYkeKhak;bIdUcCarMePIb nigeXIjkþI
evTnarbs;BYkeyIgGñkfµI RBmTaMgb:unb:g[CIviteyIgRbkbeTAedayGBmgÁl.
´nwkeXIjerOgmYy KWenAkalEdl´)aneTAsMusár enATYlPøg CamYymitþRsI
eQµaHGaXIm eyIg)aneXIjyuv½nGñkcas; esøókBak;exµAGayuRbEhlCa 1518qñaM BIrbInak; enATIenaH. GarmµN_´Esn revIrvayehIyEsnkþúkkþÜlkñúgcitþ
edayyl;eXIjfa ³-enaHehIyb¤ EdlehAfa {Xatkr}?
´begðIrGarmµN_ nwkdl;BaküGñkmþay CaelIkcugeRkay EdlelakeBalfa ³-m:ak;sUmsresIrCIvitRsIGUk GñkNak¾RsLaj;rab;Gan RBmTaMgvasnal¥Nas; edayenAevlasøab; BMumanQWcab; Rkhl;Rkhay kñúg»ra>>>.
)anesckþIfa mþay´Kat;cg;eBalfa ³-s‘Usøab;¡ RbesIrCaCagrs; kñúgnrkGvcI¡ b¤?
´RseNaHxøÜn Gs;esckþIsgÇwm Gs;kmøaMgBlM edIm,IRbyuT§ts‘Unwgqak
CIvit EdlKµantémøteTAmuxeTotehIy>>>.
-RbsinebI CIvitKµann½yEbbenH etI´s‘URTaMrs;edIm,IGVI?
bgnYn CaRbFanRkum EdlmanrUbraghak;bIdUcCadMrITwk das;eyIgenAevla
man;rgavdMbUgCaerogral;éf¶.
-TaMgGs;Kña eRkakeLIg¡ eRkakeLIg¡ enAedkcMtwt dl;efµIrNaeTot?
87

RbsinebIenArdUvsÞÚgvij mUlehtuedaybgnYn qab;das;eyIg BIdMeNkeBk
eyIgEtgsÞÚgRsUv kñúgeBlGn§ikaedayravnwgédk¾manEdr. k¾b:uEnþ enAeBlBYk
Kat;egakguy k¾EtgEtqøas;KñaeTAsRmakéf¶ tamGMeBIcitþ.
TIbMput kay´ EdlsÁmsÁaMg ehIyminGacTb;Tl;nwgkarGt;XøanteTAeTot)an k¾RCulédeQagbUtRsUvykRKab; EdlenATwkedaHenAeLIy mkBm
enAevlaeRkay bnÞab;BI)ansMuRbFanRkumeTAbt;eCIg. k¾b:uEnþécdnüGVIeday
evlaenaH Gñkcas;mYyrUb)aneXIjTidæPaBenaHk¾ykeTAraykarN_dl;bgnYn.
bgnYn )andak;TaruNkmµ´ cgsøabesk ehIyeBaledaykþIKMramfa ³-Égcg;dUcEm:Ég b¤?
´smøwgeTAKat;vij ehIyeqøIytb edayminrEGgmYym:at;fa ³-cas¡bgnYn hYscitþnwgGakb,kiriyarbs;´ k¾RsayExSBIéd´ehIyeBalfa ³-RbsinebImitþbeRmIGgÁkary:agskmµ GgÁkarmindak;TaruNkmµeLIy>>>.
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3

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3

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100

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RtLb;eTApÞHeyIg ÉPñMeBjvij)anNa+. ´PaMgsµartImYyRseLt esÞIreCObnþic
mineCObnþic cMeBaHRBwtþikarN_TaMgLayEdlekItmaneLIgenAevlaenaH. rMeBc
enaH GarmµN_´rMB¤keTA dl;Bakücas;elakeBalfa ³-TwkeLIgRtIsIuRsemac TwkehacRsemacsIuRtI
k¾b:uEnþenAevlaenaH ´minGacsnµtfa ³-nrNaCaRtI RBmTaMgnrNaCaRsemac)aneLIy. ehIymü:ageTot
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sgÁmraCaniym semþcRBHneratþmsIhnu EdlelakCaRBHraCaénRbeTs
km<úCaFøab;)anTTYleCaKC½y ÉkraCüGMBIGaNaniKm)araMg RtUv)anpøas;bþÚr
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bnÞab;mk enAevlarUb´manGayu10qñaM KWenAkñúgqñaM1975 Exemsa éf¶TI
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dwgB¤fa ³-GñkdwknaMRbeTsCMnan;enaH eQµaH saLút sr ehA b:ul Bt eLIy.
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EdlFøab;rugerOg fáMúefáIg Føab;mankitþiysenAkñúgsklelak bNþal[Føak;eTA
kñúgPaBvinasGnþray ya:gGam:as>>>.
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Carab;lannak; EtBMumannrNaGac):an;RbmaN)anCak;c,as;eLIy.
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déTeTot elak)anCYyeRsacRsg;CIvitra®sþExµr[cakputGMBICIvPaBrs;kñúg
nrkGvicI. enHKWCasgÁmTI4 EdlevlaenaHrUb´eTIbmanGayu14qñaM )anCYb
RbTH. eTaHbICaenAevlaenaH ´)anTTYlkarGb;rMRbmaNCa3qñaMknøHEmnBit
k¾b:uEnþ´manKuNFm’edIm,IKitGMBIGMeBINaEdll¥ b¤GMeBINaEdlGaRkk; )anedaygay.
102

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RtLb;mkvij edaymanEsg)avRsUv EdlenAkñúgenaHmankUnRCUk RBmTaMg
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103

eyIgral;Kñaxan)anCYbRbTH CayUryarNas;mkehIy. RbEhlCamYyem:ag
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sac;RCUk es¶arsac;RCUk sac;RCUkGaMgCaedIm. eyIgjjwmdak;KñaeTAvijeTA
mk edayminGaclak;elomnwgmenaseBa©tnaerog²xøÜn eTAelImðÚbd¾q¶aj;
BisaTaMgenaH. eBaHeyIgmñak;² hak;bIdUcelaktaCUCk EdlmaneBaHeLIg
e):agFM em:øaHehIybNþal[mankarlM)akbnþic enAevlaTTYlTan dMeNkyb;
enaH. luHenAevlaRBwkéf¶bnÞab; RsI²naMKñaeRkakBIRBlwmdaMbbrsamcUk begðIr
kiønQ¶úyQ¶b; bNþal[´Rsk;Twkmat; edaymindwgxøÜn.
luHRss;RsUbGahareBlRBwkrYcral;ehIy eyIgnaMKñaBieRKaH GMBIkarEdl
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3104

23 GacvilRtLb;eTAPñMeBj?
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enAPUmietñat.
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eday)anTTYlkarlYgelam GMBIBU mIgTaMgBYgfa ³-eyIgenArg;caMBYkKat;Gs;ry³eBl3éf¶mkehIy k¾b:uEnþ mineXIjman
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105

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sMedAeTABamCIkg edIm,IqøgsaLageTAeRtIymçag.
pøÚvenH KWCapøÚvbkeTAeRkayvijTaMgRsug eRbobeFobnwgevlakaleyIg
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sRmak edIm,IdaMsøeRkammøb;eQId¾RtCak;RtCM. enATIenaHmanmnusSmñasÁmsÁaMg
rab;ryrab;Ban;nak; enArg;caMsaLagcmøgeTAeRtIymçag minxusEbøknwgeyIg
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sµanfa BUmIge)aHsMNYrEbbenaHmkkan;eLIy.
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106

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108

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109

24 RkBitEtcitþmanKuNFm’
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112

Edlmkb:gsIudUgx©I RBmTaMgbeRgon´[ecHRkgl¥ICaedIm. minEtb:ueNÑaH
elaktaeBalmkkan;´ edayjjwmfa ³-GaEdt ecAdwgeT? eTAéf¶mux RbusnigRsI mansiT§iesrIPaBesµIKñaNa+¡´EsnrMePIbnwgeyabl;d¾RbesIr rbs;elakta éRkElg. Caerogral;éf¶ ´
EtgeyagTwkGNþÚgdak;bMeBjBag ehIydgCUnelaktagUtRBmTaMgduslag
xñgCUnKat; kñúgkþIeKarBtbsñgsgKuN.
enAral;evlaRBwkRBlwm RbEhlCaem:ag4-5 ´EtgEteRkakdas;elakta[Kat;CYyKUsfµnwgfµ edIm,IykkMeTcePøIg pøúMepÞreTAsMLI GuCFUb Edl´)an
lj;CamYyelakyaylI fVaybgÁMRBHrtnRt½y KWRBHBuT§ RBHFm’ RBHsgÇCa
m©as;elIt,Úg.
RbmaNCaBIrGaTitüeRkay mIger:tEdlRtUvCab¥ÚnCIdUnmYynwgmþay´ )annaMkUnKat;TaMgbInak; KWkUnRsIc,geQµaHfavrI kUnRsITIBIreQµaHRsIeBA RBmTaMg
kUneBAeQµaHRbustUc mkpÞHelaktaBin. ´Føab;)ansÁal;mIger:tRBmTaMgkUn²
Kat;c,as;Nas; KWkalBIeyIgrs;enAPñMeBj mþay´nigKat;Etgrab;GanKñahak;bI
dUcCabgb¥ÚnbegáIt. mIger:tk¾CaGñkPñMeBj minxusEbøkGMBIRKYsar´ EdlRtUv
eKCMelos[eTArs;enAÉextþkMBg;FMeLIy. TIbMputenACMnan;Rbl½yBUCsasn_
mIger:t)an)at;bg;sVamICaTIRsLaj;nigCaTIrMBwg eRbobdUcCIvit mIgs‘at Edl
køayeTACa®sþIemm:aysuT§saF evlaenaHeTIb´)andwgc,as;fa ³-CIdUnxagmþay´eQµaHelakyaysuH RtUvCabgRsIbegáItnwgmþaymIger:t
113

eQµaHelakyayesa² RtUvCaPriyamunrbs;elaktaBinEtmþg.
KW)anesckþIfa ³-mIger:tRtUvCakUnbegáItrbs;elaktaBin EdleRkayevlamþayKat;)an
EckzaneTA CIdUn´)anTTYlmIger:tykeTAciBa©wmÉPñMeBj bI)ac;EfrkSaTukdak;
dUcCakUnRsIbegáIt. bnÞab;mk mIger:t)anerobGaBah_BiBah_ CamYynwgburs
kUnecAcinmYyrUbCaTahanraCkarBak;s½kþbi I RBmTaMg)ankUnbIenaHÉg. cab;taMgGMBIevlaenaHmk ´ mIger:t nigfavrI EtgEtecjeTAkab;kk;RCugÉbwgyk
mkkUthal ehIyt,ajCakenÞl [bgtUdwkkg;ykeTAlk;dUrkan;Etman
cm¶ayq¶ayeTA² TIbMput Kat;)aneFVIdMeNIrykeTAlk;dl;PñMeBj>>>.

3114

25 laRbeTsCatiTaMgkþIGal½yqñaM1979 Exvicäika. cab;taMgGMBI´)anmkRCkekanCamYyelaktaBinenAextþkMBg;cam PUmitakucmk eBlevlaRbmaNCa10Ex )anknøgputeTA. elaktaBin mandIcMkaredIm,IdaMeBat sENþkdI RBmTaMgdITenøsMrab;sÞÚgRsUvEdlKat;
EtgEteFVIRbvas;CamYykµÜyKat; Edlrs;enAPUmitakucenaHEdr. CaBiess dI
TenøeBareBjeTAedayCIvCati mUlehtuedaymanrdUvTwkeLIg nigTwkRsk em:øaHehIy eyIgGacdaMdMNaMepSg²eTAtamkal³eTs³. enAeRkayevlaRcUtkat;e)akEbnehIy eyIgEtgdaMRtsk;RsUv fñaMCk; xÞwmsCaedIm. fñaMCk; KWCaePaK
pld¾Biess EdlelaktaBin s‘UbenøHBImat; edImI,[bgtUykeTAlk;dUrykmkpÞb;nwgCIvPaBRbcaMéf¶EdlminsUvFUrFa.
qñaM1979 ExFñÚ. elIkenaH cab;taMgGMBIbgtU )aneFVIdMeNIrecjeTAlk;dUrevlaRbmaNCa10éf¶ )anknøgputeTAehIykþI enAEtmineXIjrUbKat;vli RtLb;
mkvijeLIy. ´Esn)armÖxøacERkgbgtU CYbRbTHnwgeRKaHfñak;epSg². KWenA
evlaenaHeyIgKµanviFIedIm,ITak;TgKña dUcCakareRbITUrs½BÞ CaedImeLIy.
bIéf¶eRkaymkeTot eTIbbgtUvilRtLb;mkvij edayTwkmuxRss;bs; bNþal
[mIger:tekH´ RBmTaMgeBaledaycMGn;fa ³-mIgyl;fa tUR)akdCamanRsLaj;narINamñak; Na+GaEdt? pÞúyeTAvij
bgtU)andklixti mYyc,ab; EdlTk;bnþci BIehae):Aexa RBmTaMgeBaly:agRtehb
115

Rthbfa ³-GaEdt¡ bg)anTTYlsMbuRt Edlbgnagep£ImkBIRbeTsCb:un¡
em:øaHehIy eyIgKYrnaMKñavilRtLb;eTAPñMeBj edIm,IeFVIdMeNIreTARbeTsCb:un [)anrs;CMunwgbgb¥ÚnN+a¡ eyIgral;KñaP£ak;ep¥Il EPñkRkLg;dak;KñaeTAvijeTA
mkedayminnwksµanfa )anTTYlbeBaØId¾RbesIrEbbenaH. minRtwmEtb:ueNÑaH
bgtU)anhUtrUbftCaP½sþútagmYysnøwkBIeRsamsMbuRt EdlCarUbbgnag.
´Gacyl;eXIjfa bgnagRsksac;CagkalmunevlaEdl´)anCUnKat;eLIg
ynþehaHeTAsikSaenARbeTsCb:un nakalBIR)aMqñaMmun KWqñaM1974. ´cgcaM
minePøcGMBIesckþIsMbuRt Edlbgnag)ancarmYyXøafa ³-RbsinebImanGñkNaenArs; sUmeFVIdMeNIrmkCMrMCnCnePosxøÜnÉRbeTs
éf kMubg¥g;eLIy¡ GarmµN_´mü:agEsnrMePIbnwgkar)anTTYldMNwgBIbgRsI
EdleyIgEbkKñaCayUrGEgVgmkehIy. EtpÞyú eTAvijGarmµN_mü:ageTot bNþal[´kþúkkþÜlesÞIreRbHRTUgedayminnwksµanfa ´RtUvXøatcakGMBIelakta Bin
CaTIeKarB nigCaGñkmanKuNelICIvit. elakta)aneBalkñúgPaByl;énFur³
rbs;´ edayTwkmuxjjwms¶Ütfa ³-sUm[ecARbkbeTAedayesckþsI xu sb,aytampøvÚ cUrecAxitxMeronsURt
edIm,IGnaKt)anl¥RbesIrNa+>>>.
¬sUmCMrabfa enAevlabgtU yksmÖar³eTAedaHdUrÉPñMeBj Kat;)aneqøót»kaseQogcUleTApÞH EdlFøab;rs;y:agsuxdumrmnaCamYyKña edIm,IesIubsYr116

rkRKYsar ERkgmannrNavilRtLb;mkvij. k¾b:uEnþpÞHeyIgkþI pÞHCIdUnxag«Buk´ EdlenACab;xageRkaypÞH´kþI RtUv)anGñkdéTEdleyIgminEdlsÁal;yk
eFVICakmµsiT§irbs;eKeRsc)at;eTAehIy>>>. b:uEnþeTaHbICay:agNak¾edaybgtU
enAEtminGs;citþ Kat;)aneFVIdMeNIreTApÞHelakyaynI RtUvCab¥ÚnRsICIdUnxag«Buk´Edlsßti enAEk,rGakasyandæanGnþrCatiPeMñ Bj ¬EdlenAevlaenaHehAfa
Gakasyandæan eBaFicintug¦. vasnal¥Nas; mUlehtuedayelakyaynI
enArs;ranmanCIvit RBmTaMg)anvilRtLb;mkrs;enApÞHrbs;Kat;dEdlvij.
cMENksMbuRt Edlbgnag)anepJIBIRbeTsCb:un ehIy)anmkdl;édbg tUKW ³-elakyaynImankUnRbusEtmñak;Kt; eQµaHBUrs; )anerobGaBah_BiBah_
enACMnan;kumµúynIsþ CamYynarIExµrd¾TgvgmYyrUb EdlGgÁkarCaGñkpSMpÁMú. bnÞab;mk BUrs;RBmTaMgRkumRKYsarxagPriya )andkxøÜnTaMgkþIRseNaHBIRbeTsCati
eFIVdMeNIreTACMrMCnePosxøÜnÉRbeTséf KWCMrMexAGIudag. evlaenaHBUrs;)an
sMNUmBr RBmTaMgetOnGñkmanKuN [Kat;GeBa¢IjmkCMrMéfCamYypgEdr k¾
b:uEnþmþayKat; EtgEtekocCanic© fa ³
-rUbKat;manv½ykan;EtCra. emø:aHehIymincg;XøatcakBIRbeTsCati
EdlCaRsukkMeNItEtmYyKµanBIr edIm,IeTArs;enARbeTseRkAeLIy>>> enApÞH
elakyaynI manbgNuy RBmTaMgb¥ÚnRbus b¥ÚnRsIKat; EdlRtUvCabgb¥ÚnCIdUnmYyxag«Buk´ rs;enATIenaHEdr. bgNuynigb¥Ún² k¾)ankøayeTACamnusSkMRBa minxusEbøkBIBYk´eLIy. minEtb:ueNÑaH pÞHelakyaynI manecAciBa©wm
117

kMRBaÉekaRbusmñak; eQµaHbUr:a RBmTaMgecARsImñak; enAep£Ikayy:agsuxpg
Edr. k¾b:uEnþeKTaMgBIrnak; BuMmanCab;sac;saelahitnwgKñaeLIy sMNagl¥
Nas; edayenACMnan;ExµrRkhm elakyay)anTukdak;eRKOgGlgáarCaeRcIn[)anecosputBIkarrwbGUs rbs;GgÁkar. elakyay)anpþl; eRKOgGlgáar
mYycMnYneTAbUr:a edIm,ITijdUrsmÖar³ÉCayEdnéf mklk;dUrkñúgRbeTs)an
TTYlkéRmbnþicbnþÜc GacCYypÁt;pÁg;dl;CIvPaBRbcaMéf¶. bnÞab;mk bUr:a)an
eqøótecjcUleTACMrMéf edIm,ICYbsYrsuxTukçBUrs; evlaenaHbUr:a k¾)andMNwgfa³
bgnag )anep£IsMbuRtBIRbeTsCb:un tamGgÁkarmnusSFm’Cb:unmYyeQµaHfa
CYR=Caring for Young Refugees GacbksRmayCaPasaExµrfa³ GgÁkar¬KaMBarkumarCnePosxøÜn¦tamry³BUrs;.
bnÞab;mk bUr:ak¾TTYlsMbuRtbgnag BIBUrs;ykmkPñMeBj edIm,ICUnelak
yay edayBMumankþIsgÇwmbnþicbnþÜcfa ³-nwgmanRKYsarbgnagNamñak;enArs;eLIy>>> enAevla)andwgfaBYk´enA
rs;dl;eTAbInak; manelakyayCaedIm ehAEsnrMePIb Kat;k¾)anseRmccitþ
s‘UdkxøÜnEdlCra BIRbeTsCatiCaTIRsLaj; edIm,IpSgcMeBaHGnaKtecA² d¾
kMst>>>.
qñaM1980 Exmkra. evlaenaH manrUbelakyaynI ´ bgtU bgtUr:a bUr:ab¥ÚnRbus b¥ÚnRsIrbs;bgNuy srubKñaTaMgGs;R)aMbInak; eRtomxøÜnedIm,ICiHrf
ePøIg eFVIdMeNIreTARkugsIusupun naextþ)at;dMbg ¬bc©úb,nñextþbnÞaymanC½y¦
118

EdlsßitenAEk,rTl;EdnRbeTséf. eyIgral;Kñarg;caMrfePøIgRbEhlCamYy
GaTitü TRmaMnwg)anecjdMeNIrcakBIPñMeBj sMedAeTArkEdndIfµI Edlman
elakyaynI CaGñkKaMBar.
evlaéf¶RtUvecjdMeNIr eyIg)aneRkakBIdMeNktaMgBImunRBHGruNrH.
k¾b:uEnþTIbMput bgNuyEdlenAevlaenaHmankargareFVIy:agsmrmü eTAtam
smtßPaB Kat;mins‘UbþÚrCIvitkñúgkarpSgeRBgedIm,IecjeTARbeTseRkA CamYy
eyIgral;KñaeLIy>>>.

3119

26 dMeNIreTACMrMCnePosxøÜn
qñaM1980 Exmkra. eyIgTaMgR)aMbInak;)aneFVdI eM NIreTAdl;ra: rfePøgI PñeM Bj
enAevlaem:agCitR)aMBIrRBwk EdlevlaenaHFatuGakasRtCak;mFüm. bnÞab;mk eyIgnaMKñaeLIgCiHrfePøIgd¾ENnkþn; RbeRCotKñaGgÁúyCamYynwgGñkdéT
pÞal;eTAnwgkþarEtmþg. rfePøIgEdlkMerIkeday\T§iBldutFüÚg k¾RKhwmeTA
edaysemøgm:asIun RBmTaMgbgðúyEpSgRTelamtambMBg;sIumaMugcab;epþImlUn
eTAmuxbnþicmþg². edayminGacGt;RTaMnwgPaBhb; bgtU bgtUr:a RBmTaMg bUr:a
bbYlKñaeTACiHQretagenAÉmat;TVar CamYynwgyuvCndéTeTot. BuMenaHesat
manyuvCnCaeRcIneLIgeTAGgÁúyCiHelIdMbUl eFVI[´bukeBaHCMnYseday)armÖ
xøacFøak;. kñúgrfePøIg manmnusSv½ycas; ekµg Rbus RsI EdleyIgminGac
snñidæanfa ³-eKmaneKaledAeTATINa RBmTaMgeKaledAEbbNa)aneT. buKÁlmñak;²
hak;bIdUcCaminrvIrvl;eTAelIGñkdéTTal;EtesaH. RbsinebIeBal[cM enA
evlaenaH ExµreyIgenARbkan;bkSBYkenAeLIy. ´cgcaMminePøc edaymun
eBlecjdMeNIrBIpÞHelakyaynI EdlCaGñkKaMBareyIgtampøÚv )anhamR)am
eyIgral;Kña y:agmWugm:at;fa ³-RbsinebInrNaeKsYrfa eFVIdMeNIreTANa? cUrecA²kMubegðIbmat;[esaH¡
em:øaHehIyeyIgral;Kña EtgEteKarB nUvbRmamrbs;elakyayCanic©. rfePøIg
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dMeNIrral;Kña mñak;²eBareBjeTAedayTwkmuxRsLH KWmUlehtuedayBMumanCYb
RbTHnwg]bsKÁGVImkraraMgrMxandMeNIrpøÚvEdkenaH. mü:ageTot TaMgGs;Kña
eRtkGr eday)ancakputGMBIPaBGt;RTaMnwgkarGgÁúyeRCotKña EbkejIsesÞIr
fb;degðImerog²xøÜn.
sUriyaevlaéf¶Rtg;pþl;cMhaykemþAelIskMrit EdlmnusSelakRBmTaMg
stVelakRtUvkar bNþal[eyIgral;Kña eRskTwkesÞIreRbHbMBg;k elakyay
hucbMBg;Twk [BYk´Ba£aMutamelxerog ehIymanRbsasn_fa ³-cUrecAral;KñakMuBa£aMuTwktamcitþeRsk[esaH¡ CakarRbesIr KWRKan;Et
epSImbMBg;k)anehIy tamcitþyay cg;[Ba£aMumYycEm¥t tamcitþcg;. k¾b:uEnþ
ebIdUecñaH nwgeFVI[EbkejIs bNþal[eRskkan;EtxøaMg ehIyeFVI[cg;bt;eCIg
tUcCaeRcInelIkeRcInsar naM[eyIgxkdMeNIr. CaBiesséf¶enH eyIgminGacbg¥g;eCIgCadac;xat eyIgRtUvedIrbnþeTAsVaysIusupun RsUtrUtsMedAeTACMrMCnePosxøÜn EdlsßitenAkñúgEdndIExµr {ehAfaCMrMfµI} mYyRKasinNa+. ecAral;Kña
yl;eT eyIgminEmnGaceFVIdMeNIrcUleTACMrMexAGIudag edaygay²eLIy.
eyIgRtUveTAlak;xøÜnBYnGatµaenACMrMfµI edIm,IesIubrk»kas RkablUncUleTACMrM
EdlsßitenARbeTséfNa+. ¬sUmbBa¢ak;faenAevlaenaHRbeTsExµrmans®gÁamépÞkñúgenAeLIy¦ em:øaHehIy enACayEdnéf sm,ÚreTAedayTahan b:ul Bt
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121éRB k¾b:uénþeyIgminGacsnµtfa eKCanrNa RBmTaMgCaCnCatiGVIeLIy>>>.
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enAtampøÚvéRB eyIg)anRCYspøÚvnwgGñkrt;Bn§ burs ®sþICiHkg;dwkGIva:n;esÞIrehor
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AK CaerOy² bNþal[mñak;²RBWq¥wgxñg )armÖERkgBYkeKsYrnaM. luHeFVIdMeNIr)anmYysnÞúHmkeTot ´cab;GarmµN_eTAelIEmkeQImYyedIm EdlmanTak;
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bBa¢ak;etOndMeNIrBYkeyIg. rMeBcenaHRsab;EtmanBs;Bisd¾FMEvgGnøayvaBt;
EBnkat;BImuxBYkeyIg bNþal[´j½rrn§t; sÞúHeTAcab;édelakyayy:agtk;
søtú . edIm,Irm¶ab;citþkmøacrbs;ecA elakyayeBalmkkan;eyIgral;Kañ fa³
cUrecATenÞjRBHFm’kñúgcitþfa {BueT§aGrhM BueT§aGrhM BueT§aGrhM} luHedIrbnþ
eTAmuxRbmaNCaR)aMnaTI mankøni mü:agbNþal[minGacRTaM)an KWCakøni saksB®sþImñak;EdlkøayeTACadI>>>. ´sBa¢wgKitedayGarmµN_EsnRseNaHcMeBaHsB®sþIenaHfa ³-BueT§a¡ etIKat;rgeRKaHedaysarGVI? etI«BukmþayKat;TnÞwgpøÚvy:agNa?
cMENkeyIgral;Kñavij vasnal¥Nas;edayRBHBuT§Cam©as;elakCYyrkSakarBar[)anRbkbeTAedayesckþIsuxtampøÚvCanic©. TIbMputeyIg)aneFVIdMeNIreTAdl;
122

CMrMfµImunevlaRBHGaTitüGsþgÁt. ´mancm¶l;edayelakyaymansÁal;eKmYy
RKYsarrs;enACMrMfµI ehIyeyIgGacep£IkaynwgeKTaMghVÚgdl;eTAmYyEx TRmaM
dl;éf¶kMNt;ePosxøÜnbnþeTACMrMexAGIudag.
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eyIgeTARbCMuKñanwgeKÉg enAevlaRBlb;EdlmanKñIKñacMnYnRbEhlCasamsib
nak; kñúgcMeNamenaH manGñkENnaMpøÚvRbus² TaMgGs;bInak;pgEdr. elak
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kan;Etggwt sUrsemøgstVyMKYr[RBWsm,úr cMENkenAÉevhas_ tararab;lanhak;bIdUcCakMBugRbkYtnUvsRms;erog²xøÜn. BnøWtaraTaMgLay GacCYylYg
elam RBmTaMgCYykMdrebHdUgeyIgral;Kña EdlkMBugEvkéRBeRCokRBwkSa eq<aH
eTArkBnøW edIm,IbMPøWGnaKt.
luHRbmaNCaBIrem:ageRkay eKcab;epþImbg¥ak;eyIg[Qb; edIm,IGgÁas
fvikamñak;bnþic CaeRcInelIkeRcInsa eday)anedaHsafa ³-)anCYbRbTHnwgGñkmksÞak;pøÚv¡ RbsinebIminsUkeKtamcMnYnmnusSeT
eKminGnuBaØat [eFVIdMeNIreTAmuxeTotCadac;xat¡yb;GRFaRt nabrievNkNþaléRBeRCAEbbenaH eTaHbICayl;fa ³-Gakar³TaMgenaH KWCakarekgRbv½Ba©kþI BMumanCnNamñak;h‘antva:bNþal
[xkxandMeNIreLIy.
123

27 CIvitenACMrMCnePosxøÜn
ExkumÖ³ 1980. RBlwmRsag² eyIgral;KñaRtCak;kay mUlehtueday
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B¤ GñknaMpøÚveBalfa ³-eyIg)anmkdl;CMrMexAGIudagehIy ´ecalEPñkeTAelIxÞmd¾k®nÞÜk rab;
Ban; rab;mWun sg;y:ages¥ksáHenAelIPBfIµ. xÞmTaMgenaH KWsuT§EtCaCRmk
GñkpSgeRBgvasna enArg;caMevlaedIm,IeFVIdMeNIrbnþeTARbeTsTIbI KWCaxÞmeBar
eBjeTAedayesckþIsgÇwm. bUr:anaMpøÚveyIg sMedAeTAxÞmRKYsarBUrs; EdlKat;
kMBugsRmanþenAeLIy.

ftenACMrMexAGIudag edImqñaM1980 BIeqVgeTAsþaM
Edt bgtUra: bUr:a bgtU BUrs;
124

BUrs;EsnrMePIb eday)anCYbCMunwgGñkmþayCaTIRsLaj; RBmTaMgEbrxøÜn
mkRkesabBYk´mñak;mþg kñúgPaBGaeNacGaF½m EdlkøayeTACakumarkMRBa.
bnÞab;BI)anRss;RsUbGaharRBwkehIy BUrs;cab;epþImrt;karedayminbg¥g; KWnaMBYkeyIgeTAcuHeQµaH edIm,ITTYlGtþsBaØaNb½NÑ gayRsYlnwgbg
nagFana. mindwgCamUlehtuGIV bUr:aminb:nu b:geTARbeTsGaemrik nigRKYsarBUrs;
eT KWKat;EbrCasMNmU BreFVdI eM NIreTARbeTsCb:nu CamYynwgbgb¥nÚ ´eTAvij>>>.
ebItam´yl; CIvPaBenACMrMexAGIudag mansiT§iesrIPaBCagenACMrMfµI. mUlehtu
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manCnCatiéf)anyksmÖar³sBVEbby:agmklk; KW[EtmanR)ak; eyIgnwg
GacTijdUrGV²I )andUcesckþRI )afña. mü:ageTotkñgú brievNCMrMmansalaeronGkSr
Exµr edIm,IsisSbzmsikSasalabgðat;r)aMRbéBNI nigr)aMRBHraCRTBü Edl]btßmÖedayGgÁkarmnusSFm’. ehIymü:ageTot minxVHeTsalabeRgonPasa
Gg;eKøs RBmTaMgPasabreTs CaeRcInRbePTeTot EdlbeRgonCaÉkCn
edIm,ItRmUvtamcitþGñkRtUvkar.
eRkayevlaeTATTYlGMeNay dUcCaGgárb¤mðÚbkMb:ug ´Etgeqøót»kas
eQogeTAemIleKhat;r)aMExµr edayminecHEq¥tq¥n; nigminecHenOyNayTal;
EtesaH. bnÞab;BIevlaenaHmk ´b:unb:gcg;ecHraMr)aMExµr edaykþIRsLaj;Gs;BIdYgcitþ. enACMrM ´EtgfVaybgÁMRBHrtnRt½yCamYyelakyaynIEdlCaGñkman
KuN Caerogral;éf¶minEdlGak;xaneLIy cab;taMgBIeyIg)anmkrs;enACMrM
125

exAGIudag evlaR)aMmYyEx)anknøgputeTA eKGMBavnav[eyIgral;KñaeTABinitü
Qam RBmTaMgRtUv)anGgÁkarCb:un [eyIgTaMgbYneTAsmÖasn_BIrbIsa edIm,IbBa¢ak;fa eyIgnigbgnagRtUvCabgb¥ÚnbegáItnwgKñaBitR)akdEmn.
enAExkkáda qñaM1980. {bgb¥Ún´TaMgbYnrUb} maneQµaHecjdMeNIreTA
RbeTsCb:un munRkumRKYsarBUrs; EdlsMNUmBr eTARbeTsGaemrik. evla
yb;munéf¶EbkKña elakyayEpþpþaM[eyIg´ xitxMeronsURt nigecHGt;»n xnþIRbNI emtþadl;KñaeTAvijeTAmk.
evlaéf¶bnÞab; elakyaynI BUrs; )anCUndMeNIreyIgedIm,ICiHLanRkug.
eyIgbk;édlaKñaedaykþIGal½y luHRtaemIlKñaElgeXIjeTAvijeTAmk. enA
evlaenaH´nwksµanfa LanRkugnwgdwkCBa¢ÚneyIgeTAGakasyandæan)agkk
edIm,IeLIgynþehaHeTARbeTsCb:unEtmþg. k¾b:uEnþTIbMput eyIgmin)aneLIgynþ
ehaHeTARbeTsCb:unPøam²eTKWRtUveTAsñak;enACMrMQunbUrI ry³eBlCitmYyEx.
enACMrMQunbUrI ´)ansakl,gfVaybgÁMRBHrtnRt½yEtÉgCaerogral;éf¶ k¾b:uEnþ´minGacsnñidæanfa ³ rUb´sURtRBHFm’xusb¤RtUveLIy.
edImExsIha qñaM1980 eyIgmaneQµaHecjeTARbeTsCb:un CamYynwg
bYnR)aMRKYsardéT kñúgkþIsgÇwmeCOCak; KµanGVIsgS½ybnþicbnþÜceLIy. k¾b:uEnþ
mñak;²EsnhYscitþ edayeKdwkeTATmøak;[sñak;bnþenACMrMlMPInIRbmaNCaBIr
GaTitüeTot enAevlaéf¶TI14 ExsIha qñaM1980 eTIbeyIg)aneLIgynþehaH
eTARbeTsCb:unCasßaBr.
126

RbeTsExµrEdlCaRsukkMeNIt d¾Kab;cti þEtmYyKµanBIr ´sUmlaGñkTaMgkþI
esaksþay mYyRKasinehIy>>>¡elak«Buk GñkmþayCaTIeKarB bgfal; bgGUk bgem:A RsIENtCaTI
RsLaj; Gs;BIRk«ebHdUg ´sUmlaTaMgkþIRseNaHGal½yya:gxøaMg. k¾b:uEnþ´sUmsc©acMeBaHRBHBuT§Cam©as;fa ³-´R)akdCavilRtLb;mkRbeTs´vij enAevlaNamYyminxaneLIy>>>.

3127

CMBUkTI2

128

28 ENnaMGMBIRbeTsCb:unmunnwgcab;epþImBN’naGMBICMBUkTIBIr EdlsþIGMBICIvPaBenARbeTsCb:un ´
sUmENnaMGMBIvb,Fm’ nig TMenomTmøab;d¾l¥² EdlKYr[ekatsresIr énRbeTs
eK Edl´EtgEtykmkeFVICatRmab;kñúgCIvPaBRbcaMéf¶.
edIm,IkMu[mankþIlMeGogrvagRbeTsTaMgBIr k¾sUmBN’naGMBIKuNvibtþi én
RbeTsCb:un b¤CnCatiCb:unxøH²pgEdr.
RbeTsCb:unmanépÞRkLaRbmaNCa38mWun KILÚEm:Rtkaer: RbmaNCa
CagBIrdg nwgépÞRkLaExµr EdlmanTMhM RbmaNCa 18mWunKILÚEm:Rtkaer:.
sßitikñúgqñaM2005 Extula enARbeTsCb:un)ankMNt;Tukfa RbCaCnCb:unmancMnYn RbmaNCa127lannak; RbmaNCa8dgnwgRbCaCnExµr Edlman
cMnYn RbmaNCa 15lannak;naeBlbc©úb,nñ.
RbeTsCb:unmanEckCabYnrdUvkñúgmYyqñaM KWBI {ExmIna dl; Ex]sPa
rdUvpáarIk}{BIExmifuna dl; ExsIha rdUvekþA}{BIExkBaØa dl; Exvicäika rdUvrMehIy}{BIExFñÚ dl; ExkumÖ³ rdUvrga}.
RbeTsCb:unmanPñMePøIgpÞúH RBmTaMgmanrBa¢ÜyEpndI EdlmankMritexSay
CaerOy² nigkMritxøaMgmþgmáalEdlGacbNþal[RbCaCnrgeRKaHdl;CIvit. k¾
b:uEnþeTaHbICaviTüasa®sþRbeTseKeCOnelOny:agNa k¾minGacTb;sáat;nwg
eRKaHmhnþrayénFmµCatiTaMgenaH)aneLIy.
129

éf¶TI1 mkra 2008 CaTivaqñaMfµIenARbeTsCb:un RBmTaMgsaklelak.
rdUvcUlqñaM PaKeRcIneKEtgeFVIdMeNIreTARsukkMeNItxagRbusb¤xagRsI edIm,ICYb
CuMdUnta eTAtamkal³eTs³erog²xøÜn. evlaenaH eKniymTTYlTanmðÚbEp¥msRmab;TivabuNücUlqñaMCMuKña EdlehAfa{GUsiCI}.
TMenomTmøab;Cb:unEdl´RsLaj;KW munnwgTTYlTanGahar eKEtgelIk
édsMBHRBmTaMgeBalfa {GIutadaKIm:aswu}RBmTaMgevlaTTYlTanrYcehIyeKEtg
eBalfa {ehÁaCIsUsam:a}. mü:ageToteTaHbICa enArvagmþaynigkUn b¤ sVamI
nig PriyakþI eKEtgeBaldak;KñaenAeBlCYbKñaCaelIkdMbUg naevlaRBwkfa ³{GUhaeya} b¤mYyk¾ { GUhaeyaehÁaésm:aswu } .
FmµtaenAevlaKMnab;Kña eKminelIkédsMBHeT KWRKan;Et»nk,albnÞn;xøÜn
eTAmux Tmøak;édTaMgBIrcuHdak;tamsRmYl RBmTaMgeBalBaküfa{KuNnICIv:a}.
RbCaCnCb:unBüayameFVIkar eTaHbICaRtUvcMNayeBlevlaBIpÞHeTARkumh‘unGs;cMnYnBIrem:ag k¾eKminf¶Úrfaq¶ayeLIy. ehIymü:ageTotmUlehtueday
em:agsRmakmanEtmYyem:ag eKminvilRtLb;mkTTYlTan)ayéf¶enApÞHeT
RbsinebIeBal[cMEtmþgKW ³ {RBlwm)at; GRFaRtcUl}.
eTaHbICa´rs;enARbeTsenHpÞal;kþI k¾b:uEnþdUcCacg;eCObnþic mincg;eCObnþicedaymanéf¶mYy kaEstEdl´GanRbcaMéf¶mancuHpSayGMBImuxrbr rbs;
bursCb:unmñak;fa ³-Kat;manGaCIvkmµ Qr[eKdal; kñúgmYynaTI 1Ban;ey:n edayesrI
130

¬sUmbBa¢ak;fa kñúgqñaM2008 1Ban;ey:nGacdUr)anRbmaNCa8duløa¦.
eRkayevlaerobGaBah_BiBah_ namRtkUlxagRsIRtUvkøayeTACanamRtkUl
xagRbusedaysV½yRbvtþi. ]TahrN_dUcCaeQµaHrbs;´ Eb:n b:uNÑaer:t luH
erobGaBah_BiBah_CamYybursCb:unEdlmannamRtkUlfa {KuehÁa} rUb´ nwg
køayeTACa KuehÁa b:uNÑaer:t Etmþg.
tamFmµtaxagRsIEtgEteTArs;enACamYynwgRKYsarxagRbus k¾b:uEnþna
sm½ybc©úb,nñKUsVamIPriyad¾fµIefµag GacsMNUmBreTArs;enAedayELkEtBIr
nak;k¾minTas;xusGVIeLIy. ´dUcmancm¶l;nwgsuPasitCb:unxøH²Edlcarfa ³-{GaBah_BiBah_ CaCIvitcUlectiy}. k¾b:uEnþ ´)anykRbeyaKd¾cEmøk
enH mkviPaKEbgEck KiteTAeXIjfa ³-eRkayBI)anerobmgÁlkar minsUvmanesrIPaB dUcevlakalBIenAlIv.
RBmTaMgmansuPasitBIrm:at; Edl´yl;fa hak;bIdUcCaxVHKuNFm’KW ³-GBmgÁlGñkdéT Ca»CarsTwkXµúM-ebIeXIjmnusS RtUvyl;faecar.
pÞúyBIenaHmansuPasitCb:unCaeRcInEdlCaTIKab;citþ´mandUcCa ³-eFVIGVI²RtUvGt;RTaMbIqñaM-ekøagTVarNaesIc suPmgÁlnwgQancUlmk-rs;enATINa TIenaHCaviman-RtUvcgKMnuMnwgGMeBI minRtUvcgKMnMunwgmnusSEdlRbRBwtþiGMeBIenaHeLIy131´yl;eXIjfasuPasitcugeRkayEdl´)anBN’naenaH RsedogKñanwgBaküEdl
RBHBuT§sasnaelak)anTUnµanmkfa ³-eBorrm¶ab;edaykarmincgeBor.
cMENkEpñkCIvPaBvij RbCaCnCb:unPaKeRcIn EtgTijvtßúFM² dUcCaLanb¤k¾pÞHCaedIm edaybg;rMelaH edIm,IsgFnaKarrab;qñaM b¤rab;sibqñaM eTAtam
smtßPaBEdleKGaceFVI edayminrMBwgeTAelI«BukmþayeLIy.
´yl;faCIvPaBenARbeTsCb:unminsUvCaFUrRsalb:unµaneLIy KWmUlehtu
edayeTAtamsßitikMNt;fa ³ témøGVI²enARbeTsCb:un éføCagRbeTsnana EdlmanelIsaklelak. ]TahrN_dUcCa témøEdlRtUvcMNayeTAelIlMenAdæan
mðÚbGahar témøedIm,ITTYlkarGb;rM kMritx<s;dl;saklviTüal½yCaedIm.
kmµviFIsikSaCakrNIykic©enARbeTsCb:un srubman9qñaM. KWbzmsikSa
6qñaM nigmFümsikSa3qñaM. kñúgkMLúgeBl9qñaMenaH KµankarRbLgCab; b¤Føak;eT
ehIyk¾BMumansisSNa GacRbLgepøaH edIm,IeLIgeTAeronfñak;elI)aneLIy. KW
eRkaykMLgú eBlmYyqñaM sisSRKb;rUbRtUveronbnþeTAfñak;bnÞab; edaysVy½ Rbvtþ.i
cMeBaHsisSeronenAsalardæ eBleTAsalaeron sisSbzmsikSa Gac
esøókBak;Fmµta)an. k¾b:uEnþenAevlakmµviFIkILa edIm,IgayRsYlnwgeFVIclna
RtUvpøas;exaGavkILa. rIÉsisSmFümsikSa EdleTaHbICasisSsalardækþI RtUv
eRbIsemøókbMBak;ÉksNæan tamsalaeronkMNt; RBmTaMgRtUvevc)aykBa©b;
ykeTATTYlTanÉsalaeron.
132

RbeTsCb:un CaRbeTskan;RBHBuT§sasna dUcCaRbeTsExµrEdr. k¾b:uEnþ
KWCaRBHBuT§sasnamhayanmü:ag EdlpÞúyRsLHdUcemX nig dI BIRBHBuT§
sasnaExµr. ]TahrN_dUcCa RBHsgÇCb:unGacerobGaBah_BiBah_ GacBisa
Rsa RBmTaMgenAevlaFmµta GaceRbIR)assemøókbMBak;dUcmnusSsamBaØ Ca
edIm. tamFmµtaPaKeRcIn RBHsgÇCb:unEtgEtTTYldMENlBIdUnta em:øaHehIy
lMenAdæanrbs;elak manenAkñúgbrievNvtþGaramCamYyRkumRKYsar nig kUnecAelak.
´yl;eXIjfa eTaHbICaRbeTsCb:uneCOnelOn eTAxagEpñk]sSahkmµ
EdlGacpþl;\T§iBl RBmTaMfamBl eTAelIesdækic© kñúgsaklelaky:agNakþI
k¾RbCaCneKmYycMnYnmanvibtþi dl;eTAseRmccitþ {sU‘lacakelak}.
sßitikñúgqñaM2007 Exvicäika enARbeTsCb:un)ankt;Rtafa ³ kñúgqñaM2007
enH RbCaCnCb:unRbmaNCa 3mWun 2Ban;nak;)ansmøab;xøÜn.
RbsinebIbkRsayGMBImUlehtuTaMgenaHKWmandUcCa ³-bBaðakñúgRKYsar bBaðasuxPaB bBaðaesdækic© b¤ CIvPaB bBaðakargarbBaðarvagburs nig ®sþI bBaðasikSa.l.
CaBiess eTaHbItickþIeRcInkþI minGt;eTbBaða«Bukmþaysmøab;kUnxøÜnbegáIt
kUnRbusRsIsmøab;«BukmþayxøÜnbegIát bgsmøab;b¥Ún b¤k¾b¥Únsmøab;bg>>>.
Cb:unmanTMenomTmøab;TTYlTansac;eqA EdlehAfa {sasIumi=sac;eqA}b¤dak;kMNat;sac;eqApþúbeTAelI)ayBMnUtEdlehAfa{s‘usiu} . sac;eqATaMgenaH
133]TahrN_mandUcCaRtI bgÁa RkBt mwk RBmTaMgsac;esHCaedIm.RbCaCnCb:uncMNUlcitþTTYlTanRtIsmuRT CagRtITwksab.
RbcaMéf¶ CnCatiCb:unTTYlTan)ay EdlmanmðÚbdUcCaRtIx b¤RtIGaMg qa
bEnøCaedIm KWminxusEbøkBImðÚbExµreT k¾b:uEnþenAevlacm¥inmðÚbeKEtgEteRbITwk
sIuGIuvmineRbITwkRtIdUcExµreyIgeLIy. cMENksmøvij eKniymTTYlTansmø
esog EdlehAfa{mIsUsIurw}. enAkñúgsmømIsUsIurw eKEtgEtdak;etAh‘U éqfav
el<A dMLÚg)araMg Rtav sar:ay elosCaedIm eTAtamcMNUlcitþ.

3134

29 CIvPaBdMbUgenARbeTsCb:unéf¶TI14 sIha 1980 ´)anmkdl;RbeTsCb:unenAevlayb; eyIg
eTAcuHenAGakasyandæanGnþrCatiNarita EdlevlaenaHman manin bgnag
RBmTaMgbuKlÁ ki mCÄmNÐlCnePosxønÜ enArg;caMTTYl. eyIgEsneRtkGrcMeBaH
KñaeTAvijeTAmk edayminnwksµanfanwg)anmkCYbKñasaCafµIEbbenaH.
bnÞab; mkeyIgnaMKñaeLIgCiHLanRkugd¾TMenIbebIksMedAeTAlMenAdæan
EdlGacpþl;nUv suPmgÁlmkeyIgeTAGnaKt. ´ecalEPñksmøgw emIleTA
eTsPaBxageRkAEdlbMPøWedayGKiÁsnIy:ageRBagRBat bNþal[sRms;TIRkugtUküÚkan;EtRbNIt ´yl;eXIjfa ³
BnøWd¾RbNItEbbenaH bBa¢ak;GMBIkm<s;énesdækic© kñúgRbeTsCb:un Edl
Gacbgðaj\T§iBl eTAelIsklelakBitEmnEtmþg. enAkñúgLan CaBiessbgnag)ansYrnaMeyIg GMBICMnan;d¾kMst;EdlbNþal[RKYsareyIgRBat;R)as)at;xøÜn RBmTaMgeFVI[bgGUkEdleTIbEtmanv½y17qñaM rgeRKaHdl;CIvit edaykar
xVHxatfñaMsgáÚv edIm,IBüa)aleraK. luHRbmaNCabYnem:ageRkay eyIg)anmk
dl;mCÄmNÐlEdlCaGKarBIrCan; sg;GMBIs½gásIsßitenAcugkat;mat;jk kñúgextþkaNahÁav:a. eKEck[eyIgkñúgmYyRKYsarmYybnÞb; EdlmanTMhMRbmaN
CaR)aMEm:Rtkaer: mantuCb:unTRmg;bYnRCugkaer:ehAfa{kutatSúw} BUk exñIy KRmb;cMnYnRKYsar. rIÉbgÁn; bnÞb;Twk m:asIune)akexaGav RBmTaMgc®gáan)ayvij
135

eyIgRtUvecjeTAeRbIR)as;ÉeRkAbnÞb; edayeRbIrYmKñanwgGñkdéT.
CnePosxøÜnPaKeRcInEdlmkrs;enARbeTsCb:un EtgEtmkrs;enAmCÄ
mNÐlenaHkñúgkMLúgeBlbIExeTAbYnEx edIm,ITTYlkarhVwkhVWnPasaCb:unRBm
TaMghVwkhVWnGMBICIvPaBrs;enARbcaMéf¶.
mCÄmNÐlTTYlCnePosxøÜnenaH rdæaPi)alCb:unCaGñkRKb;RKg. eK]btßmÖGaharéf¶nigGaharl¶ac TwkePøIgRBmTaMgGacTTYlkarsikSaPasaCb:un
edayminykkéRm. rIÉGaharRBwkvij eKEckCafvikaRbcaMs)þah_[eyIgcay
vayeTAtamcMNUlcitþbuKÁlerog²xøÜn.
PasaCb:un manGkSrsrubTaMgGs;bIy:agKW xan;yi hIura:hÁaNa nig
katakaNa. GkSrxan;yi manTRmg;dUcCaGkSrcinTaMgRsug xan;yimancMnYn
RbmaNCarab;Ban;rab;mWun RBmTaMgmann½yRbcaMnUvGkSrnImYy² c,as;las;
EdleTaHbICaGkSrxøHmansemøgGandUcKñaebHdak;y:agNakþI k¾eKminGacyk
GkSrdéTmkeRbICMnYs)aneLIy.
ral;evlacugs)þah_ bgnagnigelakma EtgEtmkelgeyIg RBmTaMg)anTijsemøókbMBak;nigsab‘URkGUbCaedIm ykmkep£ICadrab. minEtb:ueNÑaH
Kat;TaMgBIrEtgEtnaMeyIgecjeTATsSnaenATIRkugtUküÚ Edlsm,ÚreTAeday
GKarFM² ehIyx<s;esÞIrkb;BBkCaedIm.
eRkABIkarsikSakñúgmCÄmNÐlenAéf¶Fmµta eKmankmµviFICUneyIgeTA
TsSnkic©enAQUgsmuRTy:UkUham:a sYnkMsanþ emIlkun emIlelçanburaNCb:un136

EdlehAfa {xab‘uKi} CaedIm.
TidæPaBd¾fµIefµagTaMgenaH Gacpþl;nUvsar³sMxan;sBVEbby:agcMeBaHGarmµN_
eyIgEdlmanv½yelµaPkñúgkarsikSa Edlxan)anTTYlnUvkarGb;rMCayUrqñaMknøgmkehIyenaH. brisßanEdlminGaceRbobeFob)anEbbenaH bNþal[GarmµN_´RCHRsLH PøWføaRBmTaMgmanCMenOy:agCak;c,as;;fa ³-CIvit´nwgeBareBjeTAedayjaNRtiHriHmYyrUbnwgeKEdr. CIvitenAkñúg
mCÄmNÐl GaceFVI[´manmitþPkþil²¥ Edlmanv½yRbhak;RbEhlKñaxøH².
eKTaMgenaH )aneFVIdMeNIrmkRbeTsCb:uneRkay´ RbmaNCamYyEx. fVId,itEt
eyIgeronfñak;epSg²BIKñaEmn k¾b:uEnþenAevlasRmakTTYlTanGaharéf¶ b¤Gaharl¶ac eyIgEtgEtGgÁúyCitKñasMeNHsMNalelgesIc eTAtambriya
kas.
Exvicäika qñaM1980 CIvPaBenAmCÄmNÐlEdlkMrit kñúgkMLúgevlabYnEx)anQancUlmkdl;. bgtU bgtUr:a nigbUr:a RtUv)anecjeTAeFVIkarenARkumh‘un
m:asIun Edlmanpþl;lMenAdæan RBmTaMgpþl;»kas[eqøóteTAeronbnþenAmFüm
sikSanaevlayb;. rIÉrUb´EdleTIbEtmanv½y16qñaM RtUv)aneTArs;enACamYy
bgnagmYyRKaedIm,IbBa©b;kmµviFIbzmsikSa Edl´xkxan)anerontaMgBICMnan;s®gÁamenARbeTsExµr mkem:øH.
Exemsa 1981. ExemsaenARbeTsCb:un KWCardUvEdlsisSRKb;rUb
RtUvTTYlkmµviFIsikSafIµ. ´)ancUleTAeronbnþenAsalabzmsikSardæCb:un Ca137

mYysisStUc² EdlmanGayub¥Ún´ dl;eTA6qñaM. eTaHbICasisSbreTsdUcrUb´EdlminsUvecHPasaeKkþI sisSral;KñanwgGaceLIgfñak; enAevlacugqmas
kñúgExmIna qñaMeRkayedaysV½yRbvtþi.
enARbeTsCb:un mankmµviFIsikSaCakrNIykic© ry³eBl9qñaM. y:ag
ehacNas; RbCaCneKRtUv)anTTYlkarsikSaCakrNIykic©enaHRKb;rUb emø:aH
ehIy nrNak¾GacGan GacsresrPasaCati)antamsRmYl.
kmµviFIsikSaCakrNIykic©manbzmsikSa6qñaM RBmTaMgmFümsikSa3qñaM
EdleyIgmincaM)ac;bg;éføeLIy. k¾b:uEnþedaymanEck)ay RBmTaMgsmøekþA²[sisS nig RKU TTYlTanenAevlaéf¶ eyIgRtUvcMNayeTAelI)ay b¤eTAelIkmµviFIBiess dUcCakareTATsSnaÉeRkAsala kñúgkéRmEdlRtUvcMNayeTAtam
kal³eTs³.
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fñak;eron bgÁn;.l. bnÞab;mk enAevlaRbEhlCaem:ag1>00sol eTIbeyIg
cab;epþImTTYlkmµviFIsikSaeBlresol RbmaNCamYyem:ag b¤ BIrem::ag eTA
tamsisSfñak;x<s;b¤Tab.
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RbusRsIeroneFVImðÚberonkat;edr¦CaedIm. enAtamsalaeronnImYy²EtgEtman
ceRmogRbcaMsalarbs;eK. eRkayevlasikSa cab;BIsisSbzmsikSafñak;x<s;138eTA eKmankmµviFIbeRgonkøwbCaeRcInRbePT EdlmanRKURbcaMsalaCaGñkbeRgon
edayminykkéRm. evlasikSaenAbzmsikSakñúgkMLúgeBl3qñaM ´)ancUlRbLÚkeronkñúgkøwb EdlbeRgoneFVImðÚb)anmYyqñaM RBmTaMgkøwbelg)al;veLy)ankMLúgeBlBIrqñaMnwgeKÉgEdr.

ftenAqñaM1981 CamYymitþbzmsikSa enAyUkUham:a
ExmIna 1984. munevla´bBa©b;kmµviFIbzmsikSaenAéf¶TI22 mIna kñúg
qñaMdEdl manGñkykB½t’mankaEstCaeRcInrUb mkftedIm,IcuHpSayeTAelITMB½r
Gb;rMCaedIm. ]TahrN_dUcCakaEstGasahIu )andak;CacMNgeCIgRBmTaMg
manpSayCaGtßn½yfa ³ {sUmCUnBr kumarIm:arI} {kumarICnePosxøÜnGayu19qñaM
mYyrUb k¾RtUv)anbBa©b;kmµviFIsikSaEdr} CaedIm. rIÉTMB½rkaEstxøHmancuH
pSaydl;eTAGasydæanEdl´rs;enA naevlaenaHEfmeTotpg.
139¬sUmbBa¢ak;faenAevlacUleTAsikSabnþ enAsalabzmsikSaCb:un ´RtUv)aneK
dak;eQµaHfa m:arI¦. luHeRkayBIenaHbnþic ´)anTTYllixitmYyc,ab;BIyuvCn
Cb:unmñak;manv½y18qñaM eQµaHKuehÁa m:asahiuku Edl´minEdl)ansÁal;Tal;EtesaH ehIyenAxN³enaH ´k¾minnwksµanfa ³-namRtkUl Eb:nrbs;´ nwgkøayeTACa {KuehÁa}enAGnaKteLIy>>>.

3140

30 CnbreTskñúgsgÁmCb:uncugExmIna 1984. ´)ansresrsMbuRtmYyc,ab;CaPasaCb:un ep£IeTA
EføgGMNrKuNyuvCnEdl)anep£IlixitmkelIkTwkcitþ´ enAéf¶mun.
evlaedImExemsa eRkay)anTTYlsBaØabR½tbzmsikSaCb:un ´seRmccitþeronbnþeTAmFümsikSanaevlayb; bMNgnwgrkkargareFVIenAevlaéf¶.
salamFümsikSayb; Edl´b:geTAeronenaH sßitenARkugyUkUham:a.
em:øaHehIy ´RtUvedIrrkkargarGVI EdlmanenAmþMúr:arfePøIgyUkUham:a eTAtam
smtßPaBEdl´GaceFVI.
RkugyUkUham:a mankMBg;EpEdlCaekøagTVarpøÚvTwk GacdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijecj
cUl eTAmkeRkARbeTsy:agsVahab;. minEtb:ueNÑaHeTsPaBd¾Rss;bMRBg
manCaeRcInkEnøg CaBiessenAeBlEdlRBHGaTitübeBa©jBnøW eyIgGacKy
Kn;épÞemXmanBN’exovx©I EdlGacTak;TajGarmµN_GñkEdlQaneCIgmkTsSna[ditCab;kñúgRkeGAebHdUg RBmTaMgGacpþl;nUvGnusSavrIy_y:agl¥².
ehIyRbsinebIBN’naGMBIpøÚvEdkvij rfePøIgCaeRcInExS RBmTaMgrfePøIg
eRkamdI ebIkxVat;ExVgKña GacdwkCBa¢ÚneP£óvRbmaNCaCagmYylannak;kñúgmYy
éf¶.
yUkUham:a sm,ÚreTAedayhagTMenIbFM²CaeRcIn RBmTaMghagenACan;
xageRkamdI dUcCaePaCnIydæanCaedIm y:ageRcInes¥ksáHesÞIrrab;minGs;.
´eKcBIhVÚgmnusSd¾G‘UGr eQogcUleTAesIubsYrrkhagNaEdlmanbiTpøakenA141

ekøagTVaredaymansresrfa ³{RtUvkarbuKÁlik}.
´edIrsYrBIhagmYyeTAhagmYy RbmaNCa20kEnøg k¾b:uEnþmin)anTTYl
nUvlT§plGVIl¥bnþicTal;EtesaH.
enAevla´cUleTAsYr m©as;hagPaKeRcIn mineqøIytbCaRbeyaKfaGIVeTKWeKRKan;EtRKvIk,al edaycg;bBa¢ak;Gtßn½yfa ³ sUmbdiesF¡ minRtUvkareT¡
rIÉm©as;hagmYycMnYn Edl)aneqøIytbmknwg´vij eKEtgEteBalBaküfa ³-\LÚvenHbuKÁlikmanRKb;RKan;ehIy¡-eTArkkargaryb;eFVIvij nwg)ankéRmCag¡¬kargaryb;dUcCaRsIcak;Rsa
beRmIeP£óvÉ)arCaedIm¦. TINak¾dUcCaTINaEdr KWKµanm©as;hagNamñak; eGIeBI
mkelIrUb´eLIy RbsinebICaCnCatiCb:undUcKña eKnwgTTYledaysVaKmn_.
enAevla´edIrRtwk² GarmµN_EdleBareBjeTAedaykþIGs;sgÇwm Rsab;
EtmanbursCb:unmñak; eBalmkkan;rUb´ EdleTIbEtmanv½y19qñaMfa ³-éføb:unµan?
´esÞIrvegVgsµartI nwgGtßn½yEdlcg;ém:mkelI®sþIGasIuGaeKñy_dUcrUb´fa³-{Ca®sþIlk;xøÜn} edayminsmehtusmplEbbenaHNas;. mü:ageTot´hak;bIdUcCamincg;eCO cMeBaH\riyabfrbs;RbCaCnCb:un mYycMnYnEdlrUb´)anCYbRbTHpÞal;ehIy)anBN’nadUcxagelIenH. b¤mYyk¾eTaHbICaRbeTsCb:unCamhaRbeTsmYy EdleBareBjeTAedayvb,Fm’ nigGriyFm’d¾x<g;x<s;y:agNakþI k¾Kg;manCnGviC¢ab¤?
RsbeTAtamkarBiesaFn_ nigkaryl;eXIjrbs;´ Edl)anmkrs;enA
142

RbeTsCb:unGs;ry³eBl27qñaM knøgmkehIyenaH ´Gackt;sMKal;eXIjfa ³\riyabfCb:unmñak;² »nlMeTaneTAcMeBaHCnCatiGWur:ub EdleKyl;eXIjfa Ca
RbeTsmanesdækic©x<s; KW)anesckþIfa ³ eKvaytémømnusSEdlrs;enAkñúg
RbeTseK vas;eTAtamesdækic©Etmþg.
eTaHbICay:agNakþI ´RtUvkarBnøWedIm,IbMPøWCIvit RBmTaMgRtUvkarviC¢aedIm,IbM
b:nkayakMRBa EdlRtUvrdæaPi)alCb:unykmkRbElgecal kññúgmahasaKr>>>.
´ebþC£acitþTIBwgmkelIGatµaxøÜnfa nwgxitxMEsVgrkkargareFVI [Tal;Et)an.
luHesIubsYrrk RbmaNCa5kEnøg eRkaymkeTot Rsab;Etmanm©as;hagmYyrUb TwkmuxmaMmYn sMdIrwgbwug smrmüCaGñkRKb;RKg )anecjmkTTYl´
edaypÞal;RBmTaMgENnaM[cUleTAGgÁúyxagkñúg edIm,IsaksYrGMBIRbvtþirUb.
-eQµaHGVI?
-cas+ ´eQµaH Eb:n b:uNÑaer:t-Gayub:unµan?
-´Gayu19qñaM-nisiStb¤?
-´bRmugeTAeronenAmFümsikSanaevlayb;>>>.
eRkayevlam©as;hag)ansYrnaM´ BIenHBIenaHEfmeTAeTot Kat;k¾eBal
edaykMbutfa ³-yl;ehIy¡ Es¥kRBwk enAevlaem:ag8knøH cUlmkeFVIkarcuHNa+¡ ´bnÞn;kayeKarBEføgGMNrKuNeTAm©as;hagedaycitþs¶b; ehIyeFVIdMeNIrvilRtLb;
143

eTApÞHvijy:agrYsran; edIm,IsRmakykkmøaMgeTAeFVIkar RBmTaMgeTAeronenA
evlaEs¥k.
eromc,gEdleFVIkargarCamYy PaKeRcIneKsVaKmn_ nwgkarbgðat;´[ecH
TTYleP£óv nig[ecHeFVIGVI²sBVEbby:agEdlbuKÁlikral;KñaRtUveFVI. k¾b:uEnþ manbuKÁlikxøH hak;bIdUcCaFujRTan;nwgrUb´ EdlCa®sþIGasIuGaeKñy_. cMeBaHsar³
sMxan;bMput ´EsnrMePIbnwgkþIyutþiFm’ énkar)anTTYlkéRmesIµeTAnwgeKÉgEdl
CaCnCatiCb:un edayminlMeGog.
rIÉCIvPaBsikSayb; enAmFümsikSaEdlCakrNIykic©rbs;RbCaCn enaH
vij KWKµanbBaðaGVITal;EtesaHcMeBaHrUb´ EdlFøab;)anqøgkat;nUv]bsKÁnana.
sikSaenAmFümsikSaevlayb; sm,ÚreTAedaysisSCnCatibreTsdUcCaCnCati
cin RBmTaMgCnCatikUer:CaedIm ´)an)a:n;sµanfa ³-mitþrYmfñak;TaMgLay R)akdCamanvibtþieTAtambuKÁlerog²xøÜn>>>.
Extula 1986 eRkayBI´)aneTARbLÚkkargarkñúgsgÁmCb:unmkry³ eBlmYy
qñaMknøH )anknøgputeTAy:agqab;rh½s dUcBaküelakfa ³-eFµcebIk eFµcebIk.
´beg¥ankay lMeTanR)aNEføgGMNrKuNdl;m©as;hag RBmTaMgeromc,g EdlFøab;)anykcitþTukdak;mkelIrUb´ edIm,IdkxøÜneTACYyeFVIkarenA
ePaCnIydæanrbs;bgnag eQµaHGgÁrFM Edl)ancab;epþImebIkenACayTIRkugtUküÚ. edayenARKadMbUg eyIgmankarxVHxatnwgedIm,ICYleK[mkCYy enAral;
evlacugs)þah_ bgtUr:a nigbUr:a ]sSah_mkCYyeRCamERCgy:agkk;ekþA.
144

cMENkrUb´ EdlRtUvenAeFVIkareBjmYyéf¶ ¬BIem:ag3resoleTAem:ag5 eyIg
GacsRmak edIm,IecjeTATijeRKOgpSMEdlxVHxatcMeBaHevlayb;¦ luHRta
dl;em:agRbmaNCa11yb; eTIb)anvilRtLb;eTAsRmakÉpÞHvij. em:øaHehIy´minsUvmaneBl nwgGaceTAeron dUcevlamun²eLIy.
eTaHbICay:agNakþI ´GacTTYlsBaØab½RtmFümsikSa EdlCakmµviFI
sikSakrNIykic© eTAtamesckþIGnueRKaHGMBInayksala EdleyaKyl;nUv
TukçFur³sBVEbby:ag.
ePaCnIydæanGgÁrFM sm,ÚreTAedayeP£óvCb:un eP£óvExµr RBmTaMgeP£óbreTs CaeRcInRbeTseTot. edIm,ImanTMnak;TMngrvagKña [)ankan;EtCitsñiT§GgÁrFM mankmµviFI eFVIBiFICb;elog kñúgmYyExmYydg. ´GacmanTMnak;TMngnwg
yuvCnExµrCaeRcInrUb EdlPaKeRcInKat;TaMgenaHk¾CamnusSkMRBadUcrUb´Edr.
eyIg)anbþÚreyabl;KñaeTAvijeTAmk ehIyTIbMput eyIg)anbegáItCaRkumsil,³mYy edIm,IpSBVpSayGMBIvb,Fm’Exµrd¾l¥ CUnCnCatiCb:un. Rkumsil,³eyIg Føab;)ansMEdgdUcCar)aMeKaHRteLak r)aMPYgnarI naTivabuNücUlqñaMExµrCaedIm. Ca
karécdnüNas; edayyuvCnCb:un EdlkalBIBIrqñaMknøHmun Kat;)anep£Ilixit
mkelIkTwkcitþ´ eQµaHKuehÁa m:asahiku u enaHKat;eFVIkarenAEk,rhagGgÁrFM
enaHÉg. cab;taMgBIevlaenaHmk Kat;]sSah_mkBisamðÚbExµr enAral;cugs)þah_>>>.

145

31 GaBah_BiBah_
manéf¶mYynardUvrga kñúgtMbn;´rs;enAmanFøak;RBwleRcIn xusEbøkBIRbRk
tI. eTaHbICaRBwlmanRTg;RTaydUcTwkkkQUsEmnBit enAevlaRtUvecjedIr
eTAeRkA RbsinebIeyIgminRby½tñRbEy:geT nwgbNþal[rGildYlGukKUT min
facas;b¤ekµgeLIy. CaBiess eyIgral;KñaRtUvRbugRby½tñ enAevlaebIkbr
Lan KWeKRtUvdak;Rcv:ak;B½n§eTAnwgkg;Lan edIm,IbgáarkMu[rGil eTIbGaceCos
vagnwgeRKaHfñak;cracr)an. xN³Edl´kMBgu sRmakenAhagGgÁrFMEtÉgRsab;
EtBUGñkeFVIkarenAb:usþ×mYyrUb)anyksMbuRtmYyc,ab;mkRbKl;[´dl;éd. enA
xñgsMbuRt mancardak;eQµaHmIger:t EdlKat;CaGñksresrep£ImkrUb´. ´
Rbjab;kat;eRsamsMbuRtehIycab;epþImGan bNþal[TwkEPñk´hUrsRsak;
RBmTaMgERskRTehayM dUckUnekµg edayGectna.
Gtßn½ysMbuRtmancarfa ³-elaktaBin Kat;søab;)at;eTAehIy>>>
BueT§a¡ elaktaenHehIy EdlCaGñkmanKuN cMeBaHCIvit´EdlkMRBa>>>´EsnesaksþayéRkElg eday´minTan;)antbsñgsgKuNdl;Kat>>>.
cab;taMgBIRKaenaHmk ´manBnøktUcmYyenAebHdUg EdleCOCak;fa ³ Ca
karcaM)ac;cMeBaHrUb´ EdlCaCnCatiExµr Gñkkan;RBHBuT§sasnanwgeKmYyrUb.
146

Ex]sPa 1988 enaHehIyb¤¤ EdlBakücas;elakeBalfa {nisS½y}?.
cab;taMg´)anmkCYyeFVIkarenAePaCnIydæanGgÁrFM ry³eBlCagBIrqñaMknøH)anknøgputeTA. evla´manGayu23qñaM ´)anP¢ab;;BaküCamYyyuvCnCb:uneQµaH
m:asahiuku EdlCaGñkepI£sMbuRtmkelIkTwkcitþ enAevlabBa©b;bzmsikSakal
BI4qñaMmun. eTaHbICaKat;manGayub¥Ún´mYyqñaMEmnBit k¾b:uEnþmancritcas;TMu
EdlKYr[eKarB nigekatsresIr. ´eCOCak;fa rUb´nwgGacbgábegáItRKYsarfµI
CamYynwgKat; RBmTaMgGacTTYlnUvsuPmgÁlsBVEbby::ag CaminxaneLIy.
enAevlaéf¶P¢ab;;Bakü mancas;TMu bgb¥Ún RBmTaMgmitþPkþiCaeRcIn mkCYyGbGr
saTrdl;rUb´.

rUbftkar enAqñaM1988
ExsIha 1988. ´eKarBEføgGMNrKuNbgnag RBmTaMgsVamIKat;
EdlTTYlciBa©wmrUb´ rhUtdl;)anerobkar. eRkayevlaP¢ab;;Bakü)an 3Ex ´147k¾)anerobGaBah_BiBah_ eTAtamRbéBNI EdlmaneP£óvCb:unnigExµrRbmaNCa
mYyrynak; GeBa¢IjmkcUlrYmCUnBr. bnÞab;mk ´laQb;BIkargarhagGgÁrFM
edIm,I cUleFVIempÞH énCIvPaBfµI. bnÞab;mk ´pøas;lMenAdæan eTArs;enApÞHElVg
mankm<s;11Can; EdlRkumh‘unsVamI´eRtomTukedIm,IbuKÁlik kñúgmYyRKYsar
mYybnÞb; sßitenAextþkaNahÁav:a.
´EsnKab;citþnwgBakü{Gñk} EdlkalBI´rs;enACamYyelaktaBin RbBn§
Kat;EtgEtehAEbbenaH. em:øaHehIyedIm,IyktRmab;´)anehAbþI´fa {Gñk} .
Caerogral;éf¶ ´erobcMmðÚbExµr RBmTaMgRbwgERbgeroneFVImðÚbCb:unCUnKat;
EdlxitxMeFVIkar taMgBIRBwkTl;yb;. tamFmµta buKÁlikRkumhu‘n dUcCasVamI´
GacsRmakenAevlaéf¶ )anEtmYyem:agKt;. em:øaHehIy Kat;minGacvilRtLb;
mkBisa)ayéf¶ enAÉpÞHvijeT. pSMeTAnwgkic©karempÞH ehAEsnsamBaØCaTI
bMput minyUrb:unµan eraKGpSúk)anQaneCIgcUlmkeFVITukçbukemñjrUb´ bNþal
[GarmµN_´minnwgnYn.
´seRmccitþ cMNayfvikaEdlxMsnSMkalBIenARkmuM eTAeronebIkLan
eronPasaGg;eKøs RBmTaMgeronvaykuMBüÚT½rCaedIm.
ExmIna 1990. eRkayBIerobmgÁlkar)an1qñaMknøH kusll¥Nas;eday´qøgTenø)ankUnRbus sm,úrexµARsEGm bgnag)andak;eQµaHfa ³ Gariy³.
´EsnrMePIb nwgkar)ankøayeTACamþay RBmTaMg)ansc©afa ³ nwgfñak;fñmbI)ac;EfrkSa Gariy³ [)anTTYlnUvsuPmgÁl dUcCaGñkmþay´Kat;bIbm KaMBar148

rUb´ kalBIenAtUc. ´bgðat;Gariy³[ehA«BukeKfa {elak)a:} RBmTaMgehA
rUb´Camþayfa {GñkEm:}. cab;taMgBI´)ankøayCamþayGariy³ ´)anKitKUrGMBIsBa¢ati EdlrUb´CaCnCatiExµr EtkUnRbus´CasBa¢atiCb:undUc«BukeK. ´
BieRKaHCamYysVamI GMBIbMNgcg;cUlsBa¢atiCb:un. edIm,Ipøas;bþÚrsBa¢ati eyIg
RtUvRbmUlsMNuMerOgCaeRcInCMBUk edIm,IbBa¢ak;[eKdwgfa ³ RtUvCabIþRbBn§nwgKña
Bit minEmnEkøgkøay. enAkñúgsMNuMEbbbTmansMNYrGMBImUlehtu EdleyIg
RtUvkarcUlsBa¢atieK.
´)anbMeBjfa ³ rUb´CamnusSkMRBa. em:aø HehIy edIm,ICYbCMurs;ran[)ansuxsanþ nwgvgSRtkUl ´RtUvkarsBa¢atiCMuKñanwgRKYsar´. eRkABIenaH eyIgRtUv)an
eKekaHehA[eTAsmÖasn_ TaMgBIrnak;bIþRbBn§CaeRcIn elIkeRcInsar. k¾b:uEnþ
edIm,IykcemøIyeTAepÞógpÞat; eyIgRtUv)aneKsmÖasn_edayELkBIKña.
éf¶TI18 kkáda 1991. ´)anTTYlTUrs½BÞGMBI RksYgyutþiFm’fa³-´mansiT§i GacTTYlsBa¢atiCb:un.
enAéf¶bnÞab; ´e)aHCMhansMedAeTARksYgyutþiFm’ edIm,IsIuej:bBa¢ak;fa ³-´GaclHbg;sBa¢atiExµr. k¾b:uEnþ eTaHbICay:agNakþI QamC½r RBmTaMg
jaNrbs;´ enAEtCaCnCatiExµrEdlCaRbCaCnsøÚtRtg;Canic©. KW)anesckþIfa
´RtUvkarsBa¢atieK edIm,Irs;CamnusSmansiT§iesrIPaB eBjeljnwgeKmYyrUb
Etb:ueNÑaH.
eRkayBI)anTTYlsBa¢atiCb:un ´mansiT§isBVEbby:ag ]TahN_dUcCa ³
149

-siT§ie)aHeqñat RBmTaMgsiT§iGacecjcUleTAmkRbeTseRkACaedIm.
cab;taMgBIeBlenaHmk ´seRmccitþGnuvtþKeRmagEdl´b:unb:gTukCayUryar
mkehIyenaH. ´BieRKaHnwgsVamI´fa {Gñk¡´cg;eTARsukkMeNIt¡}.
´Gacsnµtfa ³-crit´minEmnCamnusSpSgeRBgeT KWCamnusSeBalm:at;Nam:at;enaH.
em:øaHehIy eTaHbICasVamI´kþI k¾Kat;minGacmkpÞb;citþ hamR)amxÞas;nwg
KeRmagEdlrUb´xitxMEfrkSaTuk dUcCamataBTark enAkñúgeBaHenaHeLIy>>>.

3150

32 eFVIdMeNIreTARsukkMeNItéf¶TI1 mkra 1992 ´EføgGMNrKuNsVamI RBmTaMgefIbf<al;kUnRbus
CaTIRsLaj; sUmlamYyRKa edIm,IsMedAeTARbeTsExµr. ´kan;lixitqøgEdn
kñúgnamCaCnCatiCb:un eLIgynþehaHBIGakasyandæanNarita kñúgGarmµN_
eBareBjeTAedayPaBP½ypg Grpg.
enAevlaenaH RbeTsExµrenAmans®gÁamépÞkñúgenAeLIy em:øaHehIy ´xVH
nUvesckþIkøahan nwgkarykkUnEdlmanGayuCagmYyxYbeTACamYy. ´)aneTAcuHpøas;bþÚrynþehaHenARbeTséfTIRkug)agkk luHevlaRBwkéf¶bnÞab; eTIb
)ancUleTAdl;PñMeBj EdlCaRsukkMeNItCaTIKab;citþ.
éf¶TI2 mkra 1992 eRkayBIpøas;CiHynþehaHéf )anRmaNCa20naTI
narIeFVIkarkñúgynþehaH k¾)aneBalCaPasaéf nigPasaGg;eKøsfa ³-Gs;elakGñk GeBa¢IjcUlmkdl;EdndIExµrehIy>>> ´eGItemIlBIelI
evhas_eTAeRkAbg¥Üc )aneXIjeTsPaBRkugekaHkugd¾EsneRkomeRkaH bNþal
[RTUgeBItpSa GaeNacGaF½mdl;RbeTsCati EdlmindwgCaéf¶Na nwg)an
eXIjBnøWsnþiPaBeBjeljnwgeK.
fVId,itEtGakasyandæaneBaFicintug minRbNItdUcCaNarita b¤)agkkkþI
´manemaTnPaB eday)anrs;ranmanCIvit ehIyGacvilRtLb;mkRsukkMeNIt
vijEbbenH.
151´EsnrMePIb edayenAevlacuHBIelIynþehaH mIger:t RBmTaMgb¥ÚnCIdUnmYymþay
´ eQµaHBUEkv )anenArg;caMTTYlrUb´. edayenAevlaenaH minsUvsm,ÚreTA
edaysNæaKar RBmTaMgedIm,IrkSasnþisux BUEkv)anbbYl´ [eTAsñak;enApÞH
Kat;. karmkRsukkMeNItCaelIkdMbUgenaH RbsinebIrab;TaMgéf¶eTAmk ´)an
TTYlkþIGnuBaØatBIsVamI EdlKat;TTYlemIlEfTaMkUn )anry³eBl5éf¶. cMENk
mIger:t Kat;k¾)anenAkMdr´enApÞHBUEkvEdr. luHeRkayevlaTTYlTanGaharéf¶´)anBieRKaHCamYyKat;TaMgBIr GMBImUlehtuEdl´eFVIdMeNIrmkRsukkMeNItTaMg
dac;citþecalkUn enAtUcEbbenH.
1-GaRs½yehtueday ´minGacGt;RTaM nwgkarrB¤kRsukeTs)an.
2-´manlixitqøgEdn em:øaHehIy´mansiT§iGacecjcUl.
3-´cg;mkbgSúkUlCUnbgGUk elaktaBin RBmTaMgdUnta[)anTan;citþ.
¬sUmbBa¢ak;fa enAevlaenaH ´minTan;eCOfa elak«Buk Gñkmþay bgfal;
bgem:A RBmTaMgRsIENt )at;bg;CIviteT. em:øaHehIyenARKabgSúkUl ´Kµan
bMNgnwg]TisiÞ CUnviBaØaNkçn§BYkKat;eLIy¦. eRkayBI)anBnül;nvU menaseBa©tnarbs;´ enAevlaenaH[)anek,aHk,ay ehIymIger:t)annaM´eTAdUrR)ak;Exµr
edIm,IgaynwgkarcayvaytampøÚv.
bnÞab;mkeyIgedIrrkTijekadi EdleFVIGMBIeføImfµedIm,Ib:gykeTAdak;Fatu
bgGUk eTIbbBa©úHeTAkñúgectiydUnta [)ansmrmü.
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152

enaHCanisSitsaklviTüal½y )anTTYlr:ab;rgDub´ kñgú kareFVdI eM NIreTAbgSúkUl
CUnbgGUk nig elaktaBin EdlsßinenAextþkMBg;cam.
eRkABIenaH´)anCYlm:UtUDubmYyeRKOg sRmab;mIger:tEdlmkCamYy.
munnwgecjdMeNIr eyIgeQogcUleTARss;RsUbKuyTav nigkaehVmñak;mYyEBg
edIm,IykCakmøaMgsin. ´EsnRseNaH edayenAmuxePaCnIydæan manTahan
BikarCaeRcInnak;esøókBak;kNþac rg;caMsuMTTYlTanBIeP£óv. ebItamsnþancitþ´eTAelIKat;TaMgGs;Kña ´esÞIrEtcg;GeBa¢Ij[mkGgÁúytuCamYy>>>.
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enAExvicäika 1993 Kat;RtUveK)aj;smøab; edIm,Ibøn;ykm:UtU)at;eTAehIy.
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153

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eFVIdMeNIrmk [dwtCab;eTAkñúgRk«ebHdUg.
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edayTukdak;eyIgeRbobdUcCaeP£óvkitiþys. eRkayBI)anTTYlTanePaCnahard¾q¶aj;BisaehIy eyIgnaMKñaeTATijeTonFUb rYcsMedAeTAkan;vtþRTar-s nimnþRBHRKU Ca eqam EdlRtUvCabgb¥ÚnCITYtmYyxJúM nigRBHsgÇbIGgÁeTot edIm,I
bgSúkUlCUnbgGUk RBmTaMgCIdUnCIta. KYr[q¶l;Nas; edayenAevla ´cUleTAGuCFUbkñúgectiy min)aneXIjFatubgGUk enATIenaHeLIy. k¾b:uEnþ BU mIg
manRbsasn_fa ³-FatuRsIGUk)anbgáb;eTAkñúgy:ageRCANa+kµÜy¡
B¤dUecñaH mIger:tk¾eBalfa ³-ebIG‘Ícwg sUmEdt[ekadimkmIg edIm,ITuktmál;FatuelaktaBinNa+¡
eyIgminGacbg¥g;evla)aneT em:øaHehIy eyIg)anCMrablajatimitþTaMg
kþIGaeLaHGal½y edaymindwgCaéf¶Na nwgGac)anCYbKñasaCafµI bnÞab;mkeyIgeLIgm:UtU sMedAeTAlMenAdæanelaktaBin EdlsßitenAPUmitakuc. TIenaH
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3156

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bt; tamRbéBNI. ¬KWrUbft EdlmanenAnwgRKbesovePAenHehIy Edl´)an
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157

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CamataExµrmYyrUb RBmTaMgCatMNagmataeTAelIkUn ´sUmEtgkMNaBüd¾xøI
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BnWøCIvit.

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eTAniyayGMBICIvitEdl´)anBiesaFn_pÞal; enAsm½y b:ul Bt. ehIyenA
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159

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160

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edaykñúgn½yfa ³ CasKuN EdlGñkniBn§)anpþl;GtßbT.
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RBmTaMgKN³RbtiPUExµr.
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lixitsMNUmBr mandl;eTABIréf¶ KWéf¶TI13 nigéf¶TI14 mifuna. ´)anbMeBj
lixitenAéf¶TI12 Exmifuna qñaM2007 RBmTaMgsIuej:eQµaH b:uNÑaer:t erobcMCamYyesovePA {épÞemX\tBN’} mYyk,al y:agerobry TukBIyb;CaeRsc.
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semþcnwgeKeT KW´RtUvrg;caMenAkñúgLan rhUtdl;kmµviFI )ancb;sBVRKb;.
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GarmµN_´ hak;bIdUcCa enAmankþIsgÇwmfa ³- »kasl¥ manenAéf¶Es¥k mYyéf¶eTot>>>.
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pÞal;semþcnaykrdæm®nþI} mYyrUbsUm[elak CYyCUneTAsemþcpg. TwkEPñk´
hUrsRsak; edayenAevlasMNYrcugeRkay GñkykB½t’manmñak;)ansaksYreTAsemþc GMBItulakar edIm,Ikat;eTasExµrRkhm EsVgrkyutþiFm’CUnCnrgeRKaH
dUcCaRkumRKYsar´CaedIm. eday´GgÁúyenAEk,rmat;TVar enAevlasemþcelak
GeBa¢IjecjeTAvij ´bnÞn;kaysMBHeKarBtamRbéBNIExµr. xN³enaH enRta
elakyl;mkrUb´EdlesøókBak;Exµr elak)anmanRbsasn_ edayGakar³rYs
rayfa ³
- G+U¡ CnCatiExµreTetI¡- mkRbeTsCb:un b:unµanqñaMehIy?
- cas+ ´mkRbeTsCb:un 25qñaMehIy.
- «Bukmþay suxsb,ayCaeT?
- «Bukmþay´ nigbgb¥Ún4nak; )anrgeRKaHedaysars®gÁamnasm½yb:ul Bt edayGyutþiFm’>>>>.
´elIkédsMBH eqøIytbeTAelakvij TaMgrlIgelag j½réd j½rsMdI.

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Eb:n b:uNÑaer:t CamYy semþcGKÁmhaesnabtIeteCah‘un Esn naykrdæm®nþI énRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
eBlEdlsemþcbMeBjTsSnkic©pøÚvkar enARbeTsCb:unExmifuna qñaM2007

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evlabIEx)anknøgputeTA KWéf¶TI11 kBaØa 2007. ´EsnrMePIbesÞIr
GacehaHehIr eday)anTTYlcemøIyGMBIraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCaCaTIeKarB elaktb
eqøIynUvlixitesñIsMuykGdæiFatu «Buk mþay bgb¥Ún RBmTaMgCnrYmQamcMnYn
7000nak; enATYlPøg edIm,IbUCaenaH. lixitenaH raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa elakep£I
mknag´Tukdak;edaylkçN³smrmüCapøvÚ kar tamsßanÉkGKÁraCTUtkm<Cú aRbcaM
RbeTsCb:un edaymansIuej:edayédÉkGKÁraCTUt BU suFrI ³. k¾b:uEnþeTaH
bICay:agNakþI ebHdUg´jjwmTnÞwgrg;caMedaykþIsgÇwmfa ³-eTAéf¶mux´R)akdCaGacTTYlesckþIGnueRKaHGMBIraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa>>>.

3

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191

192

39 esckþIEføgGMNrGrKuN
edIm,IEføgnUvesckþIraykarN_ CUnGñkKaMRTenARbeTsCb:un ´)ansresr
lixit RBmTaMgpþitrUbft ep£ICUneTAeKTaMgGs;Kña [)ansmrmü. edIm,ITukdak;
GMBIskmµPaB {mUlniFibMPøWemX\tBN’} CaÉksarsMxan; ´)anbric©aKCa
GtßbTCag400snøwk edaysresrCaPasaCb:un Gs;ry³eBlmYyqñaM. GtßbT
enH RbsinebIman»kasl¥ nwgb:ge)aHBum<CaPasaCb:unCaelIkTIBIr. ´manbMNgeTAGnaKt b:unb:ge)aHBum<CaPasaGg;eKøspgEdr edIm,IsabRBYsCaRKab;páasnþiPaB sUmmnusSmñaelIelakRbkbedaysuxdumrmna.
For the future publication, I would like to produce inEnglish version as well in order to spread out the peace
seed. Please all worldwide human beings in harmonization.

rIÉPasaExµr Edl´)anEtgCaelIkTImYy ehIye)aHBum<CaesovePAEdl
mancMNgeCIgfa {épÞemXBN’\nÞFnU} enH KWCasc©arbs;´ EdlRtUvbMeBj nwgbNþaM«Bukma CaTIeKarB eQµaH nYn kn ¬ehAmanin¦.
nYn kn Kat;CaGtItsa®sþacarünadkmµ enAsaklviTüal½yviciRtsil,³¬PñMeBj¦ nwgGtItsa®sþacarü saklviTüal½yPasabreTstUküÚÚ ¬TIRkugtUküÚ¦kñúgqñaM1993 rhUtdl;qñaM1996 pgEdr. ´cgcaMnUvvacaelakCanic© KWkal
evlacugEx mIna 2001 EdlesovePA´EtgCaPasaCb:un mancMNgeCIgfa{épÞemX\tBN’} )ankøayeTACarUbrag´)anep£IeTACUnelak Edlrs;
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enAÉshrdæGaemrik. Pøam²enaH elak)anep£IlixitBIrc,ab; CabnþbnÞab;mk´
RBm TaMg)anelIkTwkcitþ´CakµÜyRsIfa ³-masUmTTYlsVaKmn_ dl;GñkniBn§EdtfµI sUmnaMmknUvKMnitfµI² KMnit
sßabna nig]tþmKtid¾RbesIr edIm,Ipþl;dl;CatieyIg [)anceRmInterogeTA.
kn Long Beach March 28,2001-maEsnsb,ay edaysarEdt)anpþl;kitþiys nwgelIkekrþ×eQµaHdl;
RKYsarrbs;eyIg. maeBjcitþnwgsñaédrbs;Edt EdlmanRbeyaCn_ ehIy
kMst>>>. masUmCUnBrdl;GñkniBn§fµI sUmduHR)aC£a sµartI maneyabl; nig]tþmKtisresrerOgfµI² teTAeTot>>>. kn May 10 ,2001

BIsþaMéd bgtUra: bUra: bgnag Edt bgtU ¬cugqñaM2007¦194

esovePA {épÞemXBN’\nÞFnU}enH)ane)aHBum<eLIg edayfvika{mUlniFibMPøWemX\tBN’} Edl)anTTYlGMBIelak GIukka GaKiNarI.
nag´sUmEføgGMNrGrKuNdl;elak GIukka GaKiNarI CaGtibrma.
This book “Phteymekh Porinthanou (Rainbow Sky)” ispublished by the donation of “IrononaiSora Foundation”
through Mr Ikka Akinari President of MUGEN Corporation.
I am very glad to pay great thanks to Mr Ikka Akinari.

éf¶TI 10 kumÖ³ qñaM 2008
Eb:n b:uNÑaer:t

1700 books

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1700 books

RBH]tþmstßa Ca eqam
raCaKN³fñak;kitþiys
TIRbwkSapÞal; semþcRBH
GKÁmhasgÇraC eTB vgS´RBHkruNa sUmRkabfVaybgÁMEføgGMNrGrRBHKuNy:agRCaleRCAcMeBaH
RBH]tþmstßa Ca eqam RBHraCaKN³fñak;kitþiys TIRbwkSapÞas;semþcGKÁ
mhasgÇraC KN³mhanikay GtItRBHecAGFikar vtþkþIeRkA RTar>s XuMxñar>s
RsukRsIsn§r extþkMBg;cam bc©úb,nñCaRBHecAGFikar vtþFmµeXasnaram
rdær:UdGayLinþ shrdæGaemrik elak)anRbTanfvikaedIm,Ie)aHBum<esovePA{épÞemXBN’\nÞFnU}enH.
éf¶TI 10 kumÖ³ qñaM 2008
Eb:n b:uNÑaer:t
1300 books

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40 ]TÞiskfasUm]TÞisCUnviBaØaNkçn§ elak«Buk Eb:n saruN Gñkmþay nYn nagsit
bgRbus Eb:n esdæal bgRsI Eb:n esdæar:asIu bgRsI Eb:nesdæarwmb¥ÚnRsI Eb:n ektmNI «Bukma nYn kn Edl)andas;etOn´ [cgRkg
esovePAenH)ankøayCarUbrag elakta Bin CaGñkmanKuNTTYlciBa©wmedaykþRI sLaj;brisuT§naevlaRkIRk elakyay nI CaGñkmanKuN s‘bU rÚþ CIvitedIm,Iqgø
Edneq<aHeTArkGnaKt nigCnrgeRKaHrYmenAtMbn;TYlPøg XuMRTa RsukesÞag
extþkMBg;FM Cag 7000 nak; RBmTaMgCnrYmQamTaMgGs;Edl)anTTYlrgeRKaH
nasm½yRbl½yBUCsasn_ cab;taMgBIéf¶17 emsa 1975 dl; éf¶TI7 mkra
1979.

197

- CIvitmnusSelakEdlrs;enAelIBiPBelakenHmantémøesIμ²Kña- snþiPaBGacekItmaneLIgBIkarRsLaj;CIvitKñaeTAvijeTAmk- sUmmnusSEdlrs;enAelIsaklelakeyIgenHecHRslaj;nUvsnþiPaB
- sUmmnusSelakecHRslaj;nUvCIvitGñkdéT dUcCaCIvitrbs;xøÜn
- sUmsaklelak eBareBjedaysuxsnþiPaB
sUmEføgGMNrKuNÉk]tþm BU suFIr³ ÉkGKÁraCTUt RbcaMRbeTsCb:un
Edl)anftrUbCamYysemþc h‘un Esn eGaynag´

Mr. YUZURU OSHIHARA

EdlCa Camraman CaGñkfteGay sRmab;RKbesovePAenH .

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RbvtþirUbsegçb
Eb:n b:uNÑaer:t ekItqñaM1964 «BukeQµaH Eb:n saruN mþayeQµaHnYn nagsit enATIRkugPñeM Bj. ´manbgb¥nÚ cMnYn8nak;CakUnTI7 kñgú cMeNam
bgb¥ÚnRsI5nak; nigbgb¥ÚnRbus3nak;.
- qñaM1975-79 )anqøgkat;s®gÁamsm½y b:ul Bt.
- qñaM1980 )aneFVIdMeNIrmkrs;enARbeTsCb:uneronbnþenAsalardæCb:un
9qñaM.
- qñaM2001 niBn§esovePA (IrononaiSora) ¬épÞemX\tBN’CaPasaCb:un- qñaM2008 emsa niBn§esovePA épÞemXBN’\nÞFnU CaPasaExµr .
- GtßbTCag400snøkw CaPasaCb:nu edIm,Ib:ge)aHBume< sovePA {épÞemX
BN’\nÞFnU}CaPasaCb:un.
URL:http://www.scn-net.ne.jp/~ponnaret (Japanese)

Gtßn½yéncMNgeCIgesovePA {épÞemXBN’\nÞFnU} KWmann½yfa ³
CIvit´CaGñkniBn§pÞal; hak;bIdUcCaépÞemXEdlmineTogTat; CYnRsLH
CYnRsTM CYnRsG½BÞ RBmTaMgCYnman\nÞFnU bMPøWCa rgVan;.l.

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