2004 Achievement Report

International Project for the Efficient Use of Energy
International Project for Establishment of Infrastructure
for the Efficient Use of Energy(Promotionof Energy Efficiency and Conservationfor Buildings in ASEAN Countries)

Report on the Results

March, 2005

The Energy Conservation Center, Japan

Summary
The ASEAN countries have continued rapid economic development. This will lead to a rapid
increase in energy consumption. The rapid increase will require energy to be used more
efficiently and measures be taken against global warming.
This project is called PROMEEC (Energy Management) in the ASEAN countries. PROMEEC
is an abbreviation of “Promotion of Energy Efficiency and Conservation.” It is a projectauthenticated by the meeting of the secretaries of the energy-related ministries in ten ASEAN
countries, being backed up by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry in Japan. The
project has been undertaken since 2000 to transfer technologies and experiences of Japaneseenergy conservation in the fields of major industries and buildings. The valid energy
conservation technologies and energy management approaches transferred to all of the ten
countries by 2003 include:- OJT (One the Job Training) based instructions of energy audit technologies- proposed corrective measures stemming from audit results.
This transfer was accompanied by the provision of support on evaluating an award system forexcellent buildings in energy conservation. We are pleased to hear that the award system has
been implemented actively in ASEAN counties. Since this year, we will aim to take measures
for further enhancing effects of energy conservation based on the past activity achievements, aswell as to make the basic system for propagation more secure. In other words, we will focus on:- undertaking a follow-up investigation in the factories and buildings in the major industrial
sectors already audited in terms of energy conservation;- auditing the degree of energy conservation on the OJT basis for new factories and buildings
with a view to securing tramsfer of energy diagnosis technologies; and- creating a technical directory as a valid means for implementation and dissemination, as wellas establishing databases, benchmarks, and guidelines.
In addition, we have launched out into a “Project for Implementing an Energy Management
Infrastructure” in order to effectively improve energy management in the target regions. The
project intends to build as its major objective an ASEAN Energy Management System that canbe shared among the ASEAN countries.
This report targets the following three projects that were undertaken this year.
- Project for promoting energy conservation in the major industrial sectors of the ASEAN
countries- Project for promoting energy conservation for buildings in the ASEAN countries- Project for implementing the energy management infrastructure in the ASEAN countries
The above three projects began with designing and identifying actual plans and their preparatory
requirements through an inception workshop common to those projects. The projects ended withsharing their results and achievements, and with defining a basic policy for encouraging energy
conservation in the future through a post-workshop. To enable the ten ASEAN countries to1

tackle those projects, the workshop appointed the ASEAN Center for Energy (ACE) as thepartner for coordinating those countries. The ACE has been assigned tasks for arranging andadjusting site jobs, and identifying data and information required for the Japanese partner. We
contracted with the ACE for coordination immediately before the inception workshop and
immediately after the post-workshop to detail requested jobs and programs, and the future basic
plan.
The following gives the specific activities taken through the projects.
1.

Kickoff meeting for coordination: July 12 to 15, 2004 (Dispatched in the period of July
11 to 16, 2004)(Place) Indonesian ACE center (located in Jakarta)
We negotiated with the ACE members about details of the program of this year to be discussed
through the inception workshop, that is to arrange site jobs and identify preparatory
requirements.
2.

Inception workshop: August 25 and 26, 2004 (Dispatched in the period of August 24 to
27, 2004)(Place)Denpasar in Indonesia(Designation) “Inception Workshop of on Promotion of Energy Efficiency and Conservation(PROMEEC) (Major Industry, Building and Energy Management), SOME – METIWork Program 2004 – 2005”
The representatives of Laos and Brunei were absent. Nearly 20 persons including therepresentatives of the ASEAN countries, and members of the ACE and the Energy Conservation
Center, Japan (ECCJ), however, attended the workshop for discussion. For details on the
program, see Attachment-1.
Opening statements (by the representatives of the host and relevant countries)
Session 1: Descriptions and discussions of activity policies in phases 1 and 2 (including
evaluations of phase 1) (ECCJ)
Session 2: Presentation of Japanese cooperation in energy management (ECCJ)
Session 3: Presentation by the representatives of the ASEAN countries on lessons of phase 1
and on expectations for phase 2
Session 4: Presentation of programs on the three projects by the representatives of the ASEAN
countries
Session 5: Final confirmation through explanations and discussions of the program
undertaken in 2004 and 2005
3. Implementation of the three projects
After the end of the inception workshop, the three projects launched out into their own
activities.
4.

Post-workshop:

February 7 to 9, 2005 (Dispatched in the period of February 6 to 10,22005)The post-workshop followed the summary workshop for the three projects.
(Place)Singapore(Designation) “Summary Workshop and Post Workshop on Promotion of Energy Efficiency andConservation (PROMEEC) (Major Industry, Building and Energy management),
SOME – METI Work Program 2004 – 2005”
The representatives of Brunei and Vietnam were absent. 21 persons including therepresentatives of the ASEAN countries, and members of the ACE and the Energy Conservation
Center, Japan (ECCJ), however, attended the workshop for discussion and summarization. For
details on the program, see Attachment-1.
Opening statements (by the representatives of the host and relevant countries)
Summary workshop: Summarization of the results and achievements of the three projects, andcreation of a policy program in the next year
Session 1: Identification of results and achievements of activities for the major industrial
sectors
Session 2: Reporting of energy conservation for buildings
Session 3: Understanding of appropriate energy management
Post-workshop
Session 1: Total understanding of the achievements of discussions on the summary workshop
for each of the projects
Session 2: Design of a basic plan for the next and subsequent years
5.

Second meeting for coordination: March 16 to 18, 2005 (Dispatched in the period ofMarch 15 to 19, 2005)(Place) ACE center located in Indonesia (Jakarta)
We checked accounting records, discussed and summarized down the concrete contents of thebasic plan for the next year agreed to in the post-workshop.
For details on the report of above meetings for coordination and of the workshops we haveattended, see Attachment-2.

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Contents
Preface
Summary
Overview
I. Purposes of This Project, and Its Development .............................................................. I-1
II. Indonesia ........................................................................................................................ II-1
1. Activity Overview.......................................................................................................... II-1
2. Recent Trends of Energy Conservation and Building Management in Indonesia ......... II-2
2.1 Recent Trends of Energy Conservation in Indonesia............................................. II-2
2.2 Trends of Building Management in Indonesia....................................................... II-2
3. Energy Audit of JW Marriott Jakarta ............................................................................. II-3
3.1 Outline of JW Marriott Jakarta .............................................................................. II-3
3.2 Analysis of Current Status ..................................................................................... II-4
3.3 Points for Improvement and Expected Effects..................................................... II-10
4. Energy Audit of Intercontinental Midplaza Jakarta ..................................................... II-13
4.1 Outline of Intercontinental Midplaza Jakarta....................................................... II-13
4.2 Analysis of Current Status ................................................................................... II-15
4.3 Points for Improvement and Expected Effects..................................................... II-20
5. About the Result of the Workshop ............................................................................... II-24
5.1 Outline.................................................................................................................. II-24
5.2 Discussion on the Survey Results (Obstacles in Performing andDisseminating Energy Conservation Measures and Countermeasures)............... II-24
5.3 Policy on Creating the Technical Directory ......................................................... II-25
5.4 Discussion for Establishing the Database, Benchmarks, and Guidelines
in Indonesia.......................................................................................................... II-27
III. Cambodia ......................................................................................................................III-1
1. Activity Overview.........................................................................................................III-1
2. Recent Trends of Energy Conservation and Building Management in Cambodia........III-2
2.1 Trends of Energy Conservation in Cambodia .......................................................III-2
2.2 Trends of building management in Cambodia ......................................................III-3
3. Follow-up Energy Audit of Sofitel Royal Angkor Hotel ..............................................III-4
3.1 Sofitel Royal Angkor Hotel Overview..................................................................III-4
3.2 Outlined Results of the Energy Audit in 2002 ......................................................III-5
3.3 Follow-up of the Previous Proposals ....................................................................III-6
3.4 Results of Energy Audit ......................................................................................III-8
3.5 The Barriers for the Promotion of Energy Conservation, and Measures
Against Those Problems .....................................................................................III-13
4. Energy Audit of Angkor Palace Report & Spa............................................................III-14
4.1 Outline of Angkor Palace Report & Spa.............................................................III-141

4.2 Analysis of Current Status ..................................................................................III-17
4.3 Points for Improvement and Expected Effects....................................................III-23
5. About the Result of the Workshop ..............................................................................III-25
5.1 Outline.................................................................................................................III-25
5.2 Discussion on the Survey Results (Barriers in Implementing andDisseminating Energy Conservation Measures and Countermeasures) ..............III-25
5.3 Policy on Creating the Technical Directory ........................................................III-25
5.4 Discussion for Establishing the Database, Benchmarks, and Guidelines
in Cambodia ........................................................................................................III-27
IV. Thailand ........................................................................................................................ IV-1
1. Activity Overview......................................................................................................... IV-1
2. Recent Trends of Energy Conservation and Building Management in Thailand.......... IV-2
2.1 Recent Trends of Energy Conservation in Thailand ............................................. IV-2
2.2 Recent Trends of Building Management in Thailand ........................................... IV-3
3. Follow-up Energy Audit on EGCO TOWER................................................................ IV-5
3.1 EGCO TOWER Overview.................................................................................... IV-5
3.2 Outlined Results of the Previous Energy Audit .................................................. IV-8
3.3 Results of Implementing Previous Proposals...................................................... IV-10
3.4 Results of Energy Audit .................................................................................... IV-12
3.5 Problems with and Measures for the Promotion of Energy Conservation .......... IV-15
4. About the Result of the Workshop .............................................................................. IV-17
4.1 Outline................................................................................................................. IV-17
4.2 Discussion on the Survey Results (Obstacles in Performingand Disseminating Energy Conservation Measures and Countermeasures) ....... IV-17
4.3 Policy on Creating the Technical Directory ........................................................ IV-17
4.4 Discussion for Establishing the Database, Benchmarks, and Guidelines
in Thailand .......................................................................................................... IV-19
V. The Philippines .............................................................................................................. V-1
1. Activity Overview.......................................................................................................... V-1
2. Recent Trends of Energy Conservation and Building Management in the Philippines . V-2
2.1 Trends of Energy Conservation in the Philippines................................................. V-2
2.2 Trends of Building Management in the Philippines............................................... V-4
3. Follow-up Audit on Tower One & Exchange Plaza ....................................................... V-5
3.1 Tower One & Exchange Plaza Overview............................................................... V-5
3.2 Outlined Results of the Energy Audit in 2002 ....................................................... V-6
3.3 Follow-up Investigation on the Previous Proposal ................................................ V-7
3.4 Results of Energy Audit ....................................................................................... V-8
3.5 Problems with and Measures for the Promotion of Energy Conservation ........... V-17
4. Energy Audit of DPC Place.......................................................................................... V-19
4.1 Outline of DPC Place........................................................................................... V-19
4.2 Analysis of Current Status ................................................................................... V-22
4.3 Points for Improvement and Expected Effects..................................................... V-27
5. About the Result of the Workshop ............................................................................... V-31

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5.1 Outline.................................................................................................................. V-31
5.2 Discussion on the Survey Results (Obstacles in Performingand Disseminating Energy Conservation Measures and Countermeasures) ........ V-31
5.3 Policy on Creating the Technical Directory ......................................................... V-31
5.4 Discussion for Establishing the Database, Benchmarks, andGuidelines in the Philippines ............................................................................... V-33
VI. Approach as ASEAN ....................................................................................................VI-1
1. Summary Workshop Overview .....................................................................................VI-1
2. Results of Addressing Barriers and Measures for the Promotion of Energy
Conservation on Buildings............................................................................................VI-2
3. Creation of the Technical Directory, and Discussions of Dissemination Policies ........VI-3
4. Discussions on the Establishment of Databases, Benchmarks and Guidelines.............VI-5
VII. Created Technical Directory
VIII. Reference
1.
2.

3.

Results of the follow-up survey and energy audit
Data for the workshop
Presention of achievements by ASEAN countries (ASEAN)
Basic concepts and contents of the technical directory (Japan)
Planned System of establishing databases, benchmarks and guidelines (Japan)
Summarized workshop data
Report of activities in countries (Japan)
ASEAN’s benchmarking activities (ASEAN)
Basic draft plan for 2005 and 2006 (Japan)3

Overview

The ASEAN countries have continued rapid economic development. This will lead to a rapid
increase in energy consumption. The rapid increase will require energy to be used more
efficiently and measures to be taken against global warming.
This project has entered the fifth year since it was embarked. The ACE as a partner, and relevantorganizations in the ASEAN countries have deployed more active, concrete activities. The
ASEAN countries have sharpened their attitude toward a reduction in energy consumption,
being triggered off by the increase in the energy price that reflects the recent oil price and by theenforcement of the Kyoto protocol on February 16, 2005.
This year has been positioned as the first year for arranging the achievements of the project
activities in the past four years and for actively tackling the second phase toward implementing
and spreading the past achievements through more intensive self-efforts. In other words, thesecond phase aims to implement and disseminate actual measures taken and achievements
found in the ASEAN countries according to data and records on energy audit for buildings in
those countries in the past four years. We have deployed the following concrete activities inIndonesia, Cambodia, Thailand and the Philippines.
• To understand problems with taking and spreading actions based on the past follow-up
investigation and simple energy audit for new buildings with a view to fixing measures for
improvement• Creation of the technical directory
To introduce technologies applicable to the ASEAN countries and successful case studies toshare information and ensure that those technologies are implemented and spread• Establishment of databases, benchmarks and guidelines
To attempt to implement a system for providing guidelines to set numeric objectives forencouraging energy conservation and attain those objectives. The establishment intends to tie
up with ASEAN benchmarking activities deployed in the whole ASEAN region, and to allow
the National University of Singapore (NUS) to implement systems particular to the ASEAN
countries.
In addition, this project will cover activities for offering support on evaluating the system tocommend a best-practice building in terms of energy conservation in the ASEAN countries.
We have carried out investigations including energy audit, and held workshops in the above
countries. Through those investigations, we provided site relevant staff members with concrete
instructions as checking what extent they have mastered about energy audit technologies,
transferred by Japanese experts. Thus, we have contributed to secure technology transfer andmore enhanced dissemination.
In addition to the above discussion, the workshops held in the ASEAN countries were attended
by relevant staff members in those countries responsible for managing buildings andbest-practice buildings characterized by effective energy conservation. They reported thecontents of their concrete activities, and examples of taking measures for improvement. Many1

persons participated in those workshops, which fulfilled great roles for sharing and spreading
information.
This year, site project activities started with the inception workshop (common to both projects
for the major industrial sector and for implementing the energy management infrastructure) inlate August 2004. Those activities ended with summary/post-workshops (common to bothprojects for the major industrial sector and for implementing the energy management
infrastructure) in early February 2005.
The inception workshop set out and identified a program to enable the smooth start of the
project, confirming the preparatory step for site jobs. It was followed by successful
investigations and workshops in four countries by December 2004. The summary workshop andpost-workshop were attended by the representatives (focal point) of the ASEAN countries. They
reported the results and achievements of activities in the four countries to allow the othercountries to share the records of ASEAN benchmarking activities. Those representatives
discussed the creation of the technical directory, and addressed the establishment of national
databases, benchmarks and guidelines to finally fix a project policy in the next and subsequent
years.
The following gives the concrete contents of project activities for this year.
August 25 and 26, 2004 (Dispatched in the period of August 24 to 27, 2004)“Inception Workshop of on Promotion of Energy Efficiency and Conservation (PROMEEC) (Major
Industry, Building and Energy Management), SOME – METI Work Program 2004– 2005”(Place) Denpasar in Indonesia (This workshop is common to both projects for the majorindustrial sector and for implementing the energy management infrastructure.)
The representatives of Laos and Brunei were absent. Nearly 20 persons including therepresentatives of the ASEAN countries, and members of the ACE and the Energy Conservation
Center, Japan (ECCJ), however, attended the workshop for discussion.
Opening statements (by the representatives of the host and relevant countries)
Session 1: Descriptions and discussions of activity policies in phases 1 and 2 (including
evaluations of phase 1) (ECCJ)
Session 2: Presentation of Japanese cooperation in energy management (ECCJ)
Session 3: Presentation by the representatives of the ASEAN countries on lessons of phase 1
and on expectations for phase 2
Session 4: Presentation of energy management programs by the representatives of the ASEAN
countries
Session 5: Final confirmation through explanations and discussions of the program
undertaken in 2004 and 2005
September 12 to 25, 2004: Primary site job in Indonesia and Cambodia
1. Follow-up investigation of the buildings surveyed in the past (only in Cambodia), andsimple energy audit.

2

2.

We investigated buildings at two sites in each of the countries, reporting the results of theinvestigation.
Workshop held in each country
This workshop was attended by 50 to 60 representatives of the countries. They made very
active discussions, and positively exchanged information. The policies proposed by Japanto create the technical directory and generate databases, benchmarks and guidelines were
accepted basically. We can, therefore, say that this workshop ended successfully.
(1) Energy conservation policies and programs (presented by the ASEAN countries andJapan)(2) Presentation of case studies on energy conservation for buildings by representatives of
the host countries and the other ASEAN countries(3) Examinations of the policy for creating the technical directory(4) Evaluations of policies for the host countries to establish databases, benchmarks andguidelines

October 31 to November 13, 2004: Secondary site jobs in Thailand and the Philippines
1. Follow-up investigation of the buildings surveyed in the past, and simple energy audit of
new buildings
We carried out only the follow-up investigation at one site in Thailand, and conductedfollow-up and simple audit investigations of buildings at two sites in the Philippines,
reporting the results of the investigations.
2. Workshop in each country
This workshop was attended by 50 to 80 representatives of the countries. They made very
active discussions, and positively exchanged information. The policies proposed by Japanto create the technical directory and establish databases, benchmarks and guidelines were
accepted basically. We can, therefore, say that this workshop ended successfully.
(1) Energy conservation policies and programs (presented by the ASEAN countries andJapan)(2) Presentation of case studies on energy conservation for buildings by representatives of
the host countries and the other ASEAN countries(3) Examinations of the policy for creating the technical directory(4) Evaluations of policies for the host countries to establish databases, benchmarks andguidelines
February 7 to 9, 2005: Summary workshop and post-workshop (Dispatched in the period of
February 6 to 10, 2005)“Summary Workshop and Post Workshop on Promotion of Energy Efficiency and Conservation(PROMEEC) (Major Industries, Building and Energy management), SOME – METI Work Program
2004– 2005”(These workshops, which are common to both projects for the major industrial sector and for
implementing the energy management infrastructure, were held in Singapore.)
The representatives of Vietnam and Brunei were absent. These workshops were, however,3attended by 21 members including the representatives of the ASEAN countries, the ACE and the
ECCJ for summarization and discussion. The representatives of four countries we had visitedreported their prepared technical directories, and how their databases, benchmarks andguidelines had been established under their own policies. This reporting was followed by active
discussions. The issue for the next and subsequent years is to make efforts to appropriately
identify a way how to concretely proceed with actual tasks. We can, however, highly evaluateachievements of activities in this year by the ASEAN countries. The policy to put efforts on the
project in the next and subsequent years was accepted basically by those countries.
Opening statements (by the representatives of the host and other countries)
Summary workshop
Session 1: Major industries
Session 2: Buildings- Evaluations of the results and achievements for this year
- Presentation of programs for generating technical directories, and databases, benchmarks
and guidelines in appropriate countries- Introduction of ASEAN benchmarking and activities of Board of Judges related to award
systems- Policies to be coped in the next and subsequent years
Session 3: Energy management
Post-workshop
Session 1: Arrangement of discussions in the summary workshop for each project
Session 2: Design of a basic program for the next and subsequent years
In this year, we deployed high-level activities toward more active efforts to be made by therelevant countries with a view to backing up the secure implementation of an infrastructure forsustainable energy conservation activities in each of the ASEAN countries. All of the countries
have cooperated positively in those activities, allowing us to attain successful results. On theother hand, we are and will be confronted with issues with deepening understanding for fully
dealing with changes in those activities to implement an appropriate system in each country.
Those issues, however, apparently reflect the penetration of the contents of this project, and its
successful development.
We are very grateful to the ACE and its related governmental organizations, and appropriate
building managers for full cooperation in this project.

4

I.

Purposes of This Project, and Its Development
This project aims to encourage and disseminate energy conservation technologies
applicable to buildings. For this aim, it attempts to back up the ASEAN’s activities
including operation of a system to select and present awards to buildings characterized byexcellent energy conservation. This attempt will lead to contribution to spread measures forenergy conservation in buildings in the ASEAN countries. Moreover, it will trigger off
effective energy conservation and environmental preservation in those countries.
This project was set up mainly by the ACE in 2000 to reduce energy consumption inbusiness buildings that had continued to increase in the ASEAN region. The ASEAN
countries refer to this project as PROMEEC (Buildings). PROMEEC is an abbreviation of
Promotion of Energy Efficiency and Conservation. This project was authenticated in themeeting of the energy-related secretaries of the ten ASEAN countries, being supported by
the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. This Ministry has cooperated in theoperation of the system for commending ASEAN business buildings excellent in energy
conservation technologies. This project focuses on:
1. Implementing closer cooperative relationships between the ASEAN countries andJapan in terms of energy conservation;
2. Encouraging more efficient energy consumption and conservation in buildings in the
ASEAN countries;
3. Triggering off transfer of appropriate Japanese technologies and introduction of
approaches excellent in energy conservation to the ASEAN countries;
4. Enhancing the ASEAN countries’ capability through energy audit and OJT;
5. Establishing databases, benchmarks and guidelines for energy audit in the ASEAN
countries
6. Backing up the management of the award system for excellent buildings in energy
conservation through evaluation support.
Past discussions with the ACE and the ASEAN counties have resulted in the understandingthat this cooperative project would be carried out in the following three phases. This year is
considered as being important as we should determine the direction of activities of phase 2
in it. By March 2004 as phase 1, we could implement an infrastructure for deploying
energy conservation activities under equal responsibilities imposed on each of the ten
ASEAN countries. This implementation had resulted from achievements of activities inthose countries.
Phase 1: To transfer technologies and experiences from Japan to the ASEAN countries
Phase 2: To take measures for improvement in the ASEAN countries through cooperation
between Japan and those countries, and to disseminate those measures to othercountries
Phase 3: To promote energy conservation through efforts by the ASEAN countries
themselves
This year, we embarked on implementing an infrastructure for penetration and propagation
based on that infrastructure. This implementation is predicated on the follow-up

I-1

investigation into the buildings subject to energy audits, created technical directories, andestablished databases, benchmarks and guidelines. Furthermore, in this year, we deployed
relevant activities in Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, and the Philippines.
In each of the countries, we carried out cooperation by local authorities mentioned below:- A follow-up investigation to understand the process of taking measures for
improvement in the buildings subject to energy audits and to identify problems- OJT-based simple energy audit for new buildings with a view to securely transferring
energy audit technologies.
In addition, we held workshops to let invited instructors of ASEAN and other countries
introduce successful improvement case studies and some current state-of-the-art
technologies. This introduction will help those technologies to penetrate in the ASEAN
countries. Moreover, we have designed concepts for encouraging the creation of thetechnical directory, and the establishment of appropriate databases, benchmarks andguidelines, and discussed the creation and establishment to identify the future direction.
These activities intend to construct a core for building an infrastructure for energy
conservation encouragement in the ASEAN countries and to implement a network fordissemination to other countries.
As the final step, we held a summary workshop under the presence of the representatives of
the ASEAN countries to find a basic program that allows us to share the results andachievements of activities in those countries and enables active future activities.
The important objectives of this project that were not examined this year are:
- To attend a Board of Judges (BOJ) meeting held by the commission which is
responsible for evaluating the award system for best-practice buildings in terms ofenergy conservation in the ASEAN countries- To participate in concrete discussions for reviewing evaluation criteria to provide
support- To tie up with “ASEAN Benchmarking for Building” conducted by the ASEAN
countries themselves to further enhance project effects

I-2

II.

Indonesia

1.

Activity Overview
In Indonesia, we carried out a simple energy audit at two hotels of JW Marriott Jakarta andIntercontinental Midplaza Jakarta. In addition, we held a workshop.
The following gives the ECCJ participants and task records.
Participants from the International Engineering Department of the Energy Conservation
Center, Japan (ECCJ)- Kazuhiko Yoshida (General Manager)- Akira Kobayashi (Technical Expert)- Yohichi Kita (Technical Expert)
Task records

Date
September 12 Sunday
September 13 Monday
September 14 Tuesday

September 15

Wednesday

September 16
September 17

ThursdayFridaySeptember 18
September 19

Saturday
SundayDescription
Left Japan and arrived at Jakarta.
Carried out an energy audit in JW Marriott Jakarta.
Carried out an energy audit in JW Marriott Jakarta.
Carried out a simple energy audit in Intercontinental
Midplaza Jakarta.
Carried out a simple energy audit in Intercontinental
Midplaza Jakarta.
Workshop
Reported the results of the simple energy audit in JW
Marriott Jakarta.
Reported audit results in Intercontinental Midplaza Jakarta.
Holiday
Left Jakarta for Cambodia.

The Australian Embassy was bombed out on December 9, three days before we arrived at
Jakarta. The whole city was stressed to prepare against terrorism. We carried out our job
under such circumstances. JW Marriott Jakarta was also destroyed in August 2003, and we
found signs of this destruction.
Technical experts visited Indonesia in March 2002 to audit. The Landmark Center – Tower
A. Flood due to heavy rain, however, made an energy audit impossible. The follow-up
investigation has, therefore, no target buildings. Thus, we carried out a new energy audit in
the two hotels.
The energy audit was conducted by the conventional approach consisting of:- Pre-sending of a questionnaire;- Collection of data and information necessary for the energy audit ; and- OJT-based data inspection and measurement at the site to secure technological transfer.
The workshop provides a chance for the achievements of activities to be presented bymanagers of buildings that were subject to an energy audit , applied for an excellent billcommendation contest held by an ASEAN country, or marked the highest score in the

II-1

contest. This presentation aims to share and spread appropriate information, with
instructors invited from Indonesia and other ASEAN countries.
2.
2.1

Recent Trends of Energy Conservation and Building Management in Indonesia
Recent Trends of Energy Conservation in Indonesia
The following gives recent trends presented by the ACE.

2.2

Trends of Building Management in Indonesia
The following gives recent trends presented by the ACE.

II-2

3.

Energy Audit of JW Marriott Jakarta

3.1

Outline of JW Marriott Jakarta
JW Marriott Jakarta is a high-class hotel with the Marriott brand. It is located at thecenter of Mega Kuningan Complex which was developed in the southern part of
Jakarta City. The hotel was greatly damaged by the terrorist bombing in August 2003.
Although JW Marriott Jakarta is still heavily guarded, which is not very convenient
for the guests, it is recovering steadily in its sales. For our energy audit, Mr. H.
Wahyudi Hadiatmo (Director of Engineering) accompanied us.
(1) Name: JW Marriott Jakarta

Figure II-3-1 Exterior of JW Marriott Jakarta(2) Use:Hotel and apartment(3) Size:Two floors below the ground, 32 floors above the ground. The hotel
consists of the central section of all the floors except the top two floors.
The apartment consists of the right and left wings of all the floors andthe central section of the top two floors.
Total floor area (GFA):
29,447 m2 (assumed value)
Number of guest rooms in the hotel: 333

II-3

(4) Year of completion of construction: 2001 (three years old)(5) Outline of facilities (for the hotel section only)
1) Energy management system: The Building Automation System (BAS) is
installed.
2) Electrical systems
Transformers:
1,600 kVA × 3 units, 1,250 kVA × 1 unit
Emergency generators:
1,940 kVA × 4 units
Receiving power:
20 kV from PLN. Contract power: 2,595
kVA3) Air-conditioning systems
Water chillers:Five units. Cooling power: 464 kW/unit(capacity of electric motors: 144.3 kW/unit)
Primary chilled water pumps: 22 kW × 5 units, Secondary chilled water
pumps: 80 kW × 3 units (one unit is variable
speed)
Air-conditioning system:
Air conditioners: 11 units, Fan-coil units:
148 units, VRV: 75 units
4) Boiler facilities
Steam boilers (gas):
Two units, 8-bar 1000-kg/h steam, 500-kg/h
hot water
3.2

Analysis of Current Status(1) Energy composition
The consumed electric energy was 13,691,823 kWh, which was 134,179,865
MJ. The consumed gas was 487,670 m3, which was 16,336,945 MJ. The ratioof the consumption of electricity and gas is 9:1 and the most consumed energy
was electricity. This section describes the details of the consumed electricenergy.
Energy composition

11%

Electricity
Gas

89%

II-4

Figure II-3-2 Energy Composition(2) Energy consumption
1) Monthly electric energy consumption
The following figure shows the changes of monthly electric energy
consumption in the past three years. The consumption is decreasing a little
every year. The consumption in August 2003 is 0 since the hotel was
closed until September 7 to recover from the damage made by the terrorist
bombing on August 5 of the same year.

1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
Dec

Nov

Oct

Sep

Aug

Jul

Jun

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

2002
2003
2004

Jan

kWh

Electricity

Figure II-3-3 Monthly Electric Energy Consumption
We need to mention the electric power pricing system in Indonesia.
The electric power prices in the developing countries used to be
unprofitable due to the complex government subsidies. Since theInternational Monetary Fund (IMF) strongly advised and guided thedeveloping countries to raise their electric power prices to the international
market level, each developing country is raising the electric power prices
every year.
In Indonesia, as you can see in the following figures, the current electric
power prices are higher than those of Landmark Center Tower we audited
two and a half years ago (1 Rp is about 0.011 yen).
The electric power price in Indonesia consists of a fixed price (charged per
demanded kW) and a variable price (charged per consumed kWh) like inJapan. However, the percentage of the fixed price is smaller compared toJapan. In addition, the power-factor discount for the fixed price is 5%,
which is smaller than 15% at maximum in Japan.

II-5

There are different rates based on time of use, which is also the same as inJapan. However, the peak hours in Indonesia are from evening to night(18:00 to 22:00) whereas in Japan, the peak hours are the day time.
In Indonesia, 3% of the total charge is added to the charge for maintaining
street lights and some types of industries receive 2.5% discount.
Variable Price (Peak Hours/Off-peak Hours)

Unit Price of Contract Electric Power (Rp/kW)

Rp/ｋWh700

30,000600
25,000500
400

20,000300

15,000200
100

10,000

0

5,000

2002

0

2003

2004

Unit Price of Specific Price (Rp/kWh) for Peak Hours

2002

2003
March
2002
2002年3月

従量料金単価（Rp/kWh）・ピーク帯
Unit Price of Variable Price (Rp/kWh) for Off-peak
従量料金単価（Rp/kWh）・オフピーク帯
Hours

2004

Sept.
2004
2004年9月

Figure II-3-4 Raised Unit Price ofContract Electric Power

Figure II-3-5 Raised Unit Price ofElectric Energy2) Monthly gas consumption
The following figure shows the changes of monthly gas consumption in
the past three years. The consumption is decreasing a little every year likeelectric energy.

50,00045,00040,00035,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,000
5,000
0
Dec

Nov

Oct

Sep

Aug

Jul

Jun

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

2002
2003
2004

Jan

m3

Gas

Figure II-3-4 Monthly Gas Consumption

II-63) Monthly water consumption
The following figure shows the changes of monthly water consumption in
the past three years. The consumption is decreasing a little every year likeelectric energy.

Water
14,00012,000m3

10,000
2002
2003
2004

8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
Dec

Nov

Oct

Sep

Aug

Jul

Jun

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

Jan

0

Figure II-3-5 Monthly Water Consumption4) Changes of daily electric energy consumption
The following figure shows the daily changes of electric energy
consumption in April and June in 2004. The consumption hardly changes
daily or monthly.

50,00045,00040,00035,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,000
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Consumption(kWh)April, 2004

Consumption(kWh)June, 2004

Figure II-3-6 Daily Electric Energy ConsumptionII-7

(3) Evaluation of energy consumption1) About GFA data
We estimated from the building drawings the Gross Floor Area (GFA) data
to be used for calculating the consumption intensity.
The GFA of JW Marriott Jakarta is about 70% of that of the other hotel we
audited in Jakarta (Intercontinental Midplaza) although the number ofguest rooms is almost the same for both hotels. We are afraid that we may
have underestimated the value.
2) Evaluation of electric energy consumption
We determined that the Energy Efficiency Index (EEI: annual electricenergy consumption per index unit area) of the hotels in Indonesia was 300
kWh/m2/y on the average (based on a report in the workshop held on
September 16 in Jakarta).
The electric energy consumption in Marriott is greater than the EEI (155%)
as shown below.
Table II-3-1 Electric Energy Intensity of Marriott
GFA (total floor area in the hotel)
29,447m2
Electric energy intensity
13,691,823 kWh
Annual electric energy consumption EEIEEI of Electricity For Indonesia(Research of ASEAN-USAID 1999)
Percentage in the average EEIElectric Energy Intensity
465 kWh/m2
300 kWh/m2
155%3) Electric energy consumption per guest room
Like the resort hotel Angkor Palace Report & Spa in Cambodia, Marriott
seems to use, as the target indices of energy management , the electricenergy consumption per guest room rather than the energy consumption
per floor area in the building (EEI). This is probably because energy
consumption per guest is a more understandable index for the operationof the hotel than the other energy related indices.
Figure II-3-7 shows the changes of electric energy consumption per guest
room in April 2004 based on the received data. The bar graphs show thenumber of guest rooms used per day and the line graph (blue bold line)
shows the electric energy consumption per guest room. Although theelectric energy consumption does not change very much day to day, theelectric energy consumption intensity greatly changes. This is because thenumber of the occupied guest rooms changes day to day.

II-8

Electric Energy Consumption per Occupied Guest Room
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

50,00045,00040,00035,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,000
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Occupied room

Consumption(kWh)April, 2004

Consumption/Occ.room

Figure II-3-7 Electric Energy Consumption per Guest Room
3) Considerations
As you can see in the table, the electric energy intensity of JW Marriott ishigher than the Indonesian average by 50%. We may have estimated theGFA value smaller but still the intensity is higher than the average.
The facilities of this hotel were designed in consideration of energy
conservation. For example, you need to consider the power for heattransfer in air-conditioning systems. In JW Marriott Jakarta, the lower
floors are air-conditioned using AHUs and FCUs by sending chilled waterfrom the chillers since they do not require much water transfer head. The
middle and higher floors use air cooled packaged air conditioners to avoid
using the chilled water of the chillers since they require much watertransfer head. In addition, the inverter control VRV systems are used for
efficient adjustment of the output of air conditioning power, which is basedon the load.
However, the hotel's top priority is customer satisfaction. Therefore, guest
rooms continued to be air-conditioned even after guests were out of theirroom, which is against energy conservation.
There was no ventilation control based on the room environment
conditions, causing a consistent heavy load on processing the outside air.
Consequently, the valuable facilities such as the VRV systems cannot
effectively operate in the energy conservation zone.
The energy conservation of lightings was advanced. For example, most of

II-9

the incandescent lamps were replaced with florescent lamps.
3.3

Points for Improvement and Expected Effects
This section describes, based on the energy audit of the building and the analysis of
the energy data this time, the items to be improved and the expected effects by these
improvements.
(1) Optimization of the temperature settings of VRV units
The load decreases by raising the room temperature and the outside air intake
temperature of the VRV units by 2°C. This makes inverter control more
effective and reduces the electric energy consumption of all the VRV units by
25% (3.6% of the total).
Table II-3-2 Energy Conservation Effects Due to the Optimization of theTemperature Settings of VRV UnitsVRV Outdoor Unit
kW
7.5
kWh
492,750

Unit
75
Rp/kWh
482.1

hour
24
Rp/y
237,554,775

day
365
Hotel Total

Load
ratio
0.4

kWh
1,971,000

Reduction
0.25

kWh492,750

13,691,823 kWh/y

3.6%(2) Optimization of the chilled feed water temperature of chillers
The load decreases by increasing the chilled water temperature of the chillers
by 2°C. This decreases the electric energy consumption of the chillers by 20%(1.9% of the total).
Table II-3-3 Energy Conservation Effects Due to the Optimization of theTemperature Settings of Chillers
Chiller
kW150
kWh262,800

Unit
hour
4
24
Rp/kWhRp/y482.1 126,695,880

day
365
Hotel Total

Load ratio
0.25

kWh
1,314,000

Reduction
0.2

13,691,823 kWh/y(2) Optimization of the control of secondary chilled water pumps
The second important item for energy conservation we found out in the

II-10

kWh
262,800
1.9%

operation log is the frequency of the secondary chilled water pump inverters.
The difference in chilled water temperatures is 2 to 3°C and it seems to be aminor load. However, from another point of view, the flow rate of chilled water
was excessive. The pumps were equipped with inverters. The inverters should
lower the frequency to adjust the flow rate to an adequate value and decrease
the input power. However, they were not done. The setting value should bestudied and checked to operate the pumps with adequate energy consumption.
The following table shows the effects on the energy saving by operating thepumps at 45 Hz rather than 50 Hz.
Table II-3-4 Energy Conservation Effects Due to the Control ofSecondary Chilled Water Pumps
IF 50Hz →45Hz
kW
Unit
37
1
kWh
Rp/kWh70,010482.1（0.9*0.9*0.9=0.73)
hour
day
24
365
Rp/y
33,751,782 Hotel Total

Load ratio
0.8

kWhReduction
259,2960.27

13,691,823

kWh70,010

kWh/y

0.5%

(3) Improvement of heat insulation of boilers and steam valves
We found some un-insulated parts in boilers and steam valves when we carriedout the energy audit of the building. The gas consumption can be reduced by
3.7% by insulating the boilers and steam valves correctly.
Table II-3-5 Energy Conservation Effects Due to the Improved Heat
Insulation of Boilers and Steam Valves
Assumption :Non Insulation Boiler Part & Valves = 15 Non Insulation Valves
Units
15

MJ/h/Unit
3.9

h
24

Gas MJ/m3
33.5

m3
19,122

Rp/m3
1,513

d
365

MJ
512,460

Boiler Efficiency
0.8

MJ
640,575

Rp/y28,931,044

Hotel Gas

513,234 m3/y(4) Reduced operation of fans in the parking lot
The fans in the parking lot used about 150 kW in total. If the operation of thesefans can be reduced by two hours, 0.7% of the total electric energy
consumption can be reduced.

II-11

3.7%

Table II-3-6 Energy Conservation Effects Due to the Reduced
Operation of Fans in the Parking Lot
Ｉf Car park Fan is shortened 2hours
kW
hour
day
Load ratio
154.4
2
365
0.8
kWh
Rp/kWhRp/y90,170482.1
43,470,764
Hotel Total
13,691,823 kWh/ykWh90,1700.7%(5) Summary of points for improvement
The following table lists the four items for improvement and their expected
effects. The four improvement items can reduce 915,730 kWh, which is 6.7%of the electric energy used by the hotel. The amount of cost to be reduced is
470 million Rp.
Table II-3-7 Summary of Points for Improvement
No
1

2
3
4

Items
In-door Setting of Temperature &Supply Air Temperature [VRV]
In-door Setting of Temperature &Supply Air Temperature [Chiller]
Optimization of Secondary Chilled
Water Pump
Boiler & Steam Valve’s Insulation
Shortening of Carpark Fan
Total

kWh/y

%

m3

Rp/y

492,750

3.6%

237,554,775

262,800

1.9%

126,695,880

70,0100.5%
19,122

90,170915,730

II-12

%

0.7%
6.7%

3.7%
3.7%

33,751,782
28,931,044
43,470,764
470,404,246

4.

Energy Audit of Intercontinental Midplaza Jakarta

4.1

Outline of Intercontinental Midplaza Jakarta(1) Name: Intercontinental Midplaza Jakarta(2) Use:Hotel and apartment(3) Size:

Four floors below the ground, 37 floors above the ground. Floor area:
131,653 m2 (entire building)Number of guest rooms in the hotel: 332,
Number of rooms in the apartment: 259
The areas of the floors below the ground, the hotel, and the apartment are
shown in the table. The floors below the ground accommodate the parking
lot, the machine room and the electricity room, and they are shared by thehotel and the apartment. The areas of these common floors below theground are divided between the hotel and the apartment based on the ratioof the areas of the hotel and the apartment above the ground. In thesubsequent calculations such as intensity, the area of the hotel is assumed
to be 75,017 m2.

II-13

Area

Ratio ofhotel andapartment

Area when the floors below theground are divided based on the
ratio

[m2]

[m2]

Floors below theground53,486

Hotel

44,5400.57

75,017

Apartment

33,6270.43

56,636

Total

131,653

Hotel and apartment

78,167

131,653(4) Year of completion of construction: 1998 (six years old)(5) Energy management system: The Building Automation System (BAS) is installed.
(6) Outline of electrical systems:
Receiving voltage:20 kV,
Transformers: 3000 kVA × 3 units,Generators: 1940 kVA × 4 units (for emergencies such as power failures)(7) Outline of air-conditioning systemsa.

b.

Hotel:

Water cooled chillers: 3 units with capacity of 2,020 kW(capacity of electric motors: 350 kW),Primary chilled water pumps: 15 kW × 3 units, Secondary
chilled water pumps: 90 kW × 2 units
Air-conditioning systems: air conditioners, fan-coil systems
Total heat exchangers: Three units
Apartment: Water cooled packaged air conditioners, Enclosed type cooling
towers: cooling capacity of 3,042 kW × 3 units,
Air handling units: 3 units, Air cooled chiller with cooling
capacity of 375.7 kW(8) Sanitary facilities
a.
b.
c.

Water supply system:
Lift pumps:
55 kW × 2 units
Hot water supply system: Steam boilers: 10 kg/cm2, 1,000 kg/h × 2 units
Heat machine (heat-pump water heater that collects the heat of laundry) × 3
units

II-14

Analysis of Current Status(1) Monthly energy consumption
1) Monthly electric energy consumption
The following figure shows the monthly electric energy consumption in 2003.
There is little variation in the hotel all year around. October and December
show a little higher energy consumption for both the hotel and the apartment.
November shows less energy consumption.

Monthly Electric Energy Consumption in 2003
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
Dec

Oct

Nov

Sep

Aug

Jul

Jun

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

Hotel and apartment
Hotel
Apartment

Jan

kWh

4.2

2) Monthly gas consumption
Gas was mainly used in the kitchens and for boilers for heating water. About
80% of the gas was used for boilers. The following figure shows the monthly
consumption. The monthly changes are probably related to the changes in theamount of hot water supply, which may be related to the number of guests in
the hotel.

II-15

De
c

No
v

O
ct

Se
p

Au
g

Ju
l

45,00040,00035,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,000
5,000
0
Ja
n
Fe
b
M
ar
Ap
r
M
ay
Ju
n

ｍ３

Monthly Gas Consumption in 2003

3) Monthly water consumption
The following figure shows the monthly water consumption in 2003. As thisfigure shows, October is higher than any other months. Since the electricenergy consumption is also high in October, there may have been a big event in
October.

Monthly Water Consumption in 2003
25,00020,000Hotel and apartment
Hotel
Apartment

m3

15,00010,000
5,000

Ja

n
Fe
b
M
ar
Ap
r
M
ay
Ju
n
Ju
l
Au
g
Se
p
Oc
t
No
v
De
c

0

(2) 24-hour electric power demand in three days
The following figure shows the electric power demand of three sample days, Friday,
Saturday, and Sunday. We chose these three days because they are the nearest to the
day we conducted the audit in September. The pattern of electric power demand is
the same for all three days except that Sunday is a little less. The peak hours are
19:00 to 21:00 and the lowest hours are 1:00 to 3:00 in the morning.

II-16

24-hour Electric Power Demand of Friday, Saturday, andSunday
3500
3000

kW

2500
10 (Fri)
11 (Sat)12 (Sun)

2000
1500
1000
500
5:00

3:00

1:00

23:00

21:00

19:00

17:00

15:00

13:00

11:00

9:00

7:00

0

(3) Evaluation of energy consumption
1) Total evaluation for electric energy and gas
As mentioned in the outline, Intercontinental Midplaza Jakarta consists of thehotel section and the apartment section. Although the target of the audit was thehotel section only, the apartment section is used like a hotel since it is ahigh-class apartment. Here, we discuss two cases. One case is evaluating theentire building in regard to energy consumption. The other case is evaluating
the hotel section only.
Since the energy for water heating in the hotel is considerably high, we convert
the annual electric energy and gas consumption into the heat quantity unit, MJ,
and divide this heat consumption by the floor area in order to determine theenergy consumption per unit area. Since the comparison index, determined by
combining electricity and heat, is not used in Indonesia, we compare the values
with the average consumption values of the hotels in Japan.
The following two tables show the results of the calculations. When the floorarea of the entire building is considered, the energy consumption ofIntercontinental Midplaza Jakarta is 43% of the average of Japan. When thefloor area of only the hotel section is considered, the energy consumption of thehotel is 48% of the average of Japan.

II-17

Table: Energy Consumption of the Entire Building and the Average
Consumption of Hotels in Japan
Floor area of the entire building
Annual electricenergy consumption
17,385,000 kWh
9.8 MJ/kWhAnnual gas
consumption
377,159 m3
33.5 MJ/m3
Total
Intensity per floor area
Average consumption of hotels in Japan
Percentage of Midplaza's energy consumption in theJapanese average consumption

131653 m2
170,373,000 MJ
12,632,714
183,005,714
1,390
3238

MJ
MJ
MJ/m2
MJ/m2

43%

Table: Energy Consumption of the Hotel Section and the Average
Consumption of Hotels in Japan
Floor area of the hotel section
Annual electricenergy consumption
Annual gas
consumption

10,527,400 kWh

75017 m2
9.8 MJ/kWh

377,159 m3
33.5 MJ/m3
Total
Intensity per floor area
Average consumption of hotels in Japan
Percentage of Midplaza's energy consumption in theJapanese average consumption

103,168,520 MJ
12,634,827
115,803,347
1,544
3238

MJ
MJ
MJ/m2
MJ/m2

48%

2) Evaluation of electric energy consumption
In the workshop held in Jakarta on September 16, the Energy Efficiency Index(EEI: annual electric energy consumption per unit area) of the Indonesian
hotels was reported to be 300 kWh/m2/y. We take this value as the base value
and compare it with the value of Intercontinental Midplaza Jakarta. As thefollowing table shows, the entire building reaches 44% of the base value andthe hotel section reaches 47% of the base value.

II-18

Floor area of the entire building
131,653 m2
Electric energy intensity
Annual electric energy consumption
17,385,000 kWh 132.1 kWh/m2
Percentage in the following EEI
44%
Floor area of the hotel
75,017 m2
Electric energy consumption of the hotel 10,527,400 kWh 140.3 kWh/m2
Percentage in the following EEI47%
EEI of Electricity For Indonesia (Research of ASEAN-USAID 1999)
300 kWh/m2
3) Considerations
The combined energy consumption of electricity and gas is 43% of the EEI for
the entire building. The energy consumption of electricity alone is 44% for theentire building. The combined energy consumption of electricity and gas is
48% of the EEI for the hotel section. The energy consumption of electricity
alone is 47% for the hotel section.
Since there is not much difference in energy consumption between the entire
building and the hotel section alone, energy is probably consumed in a similarmanner in the apartment section as well.
When the energy consumption of Midplaza is compared with the Japanese
average and the Indonesian average, it is around 40%, which indicates goodenergy conservation.
The possible reasons for this low-energy operation are as follows:① The building is well designed for energy conservation.
1. Card system for guest rooms
2. Total heat exchanger system for air conditioning
3. Heating water using the heat collected from the laundry room using
heat pump② Excellent operation management
1. The operation time of equipment is adequately managed.
2. The temperature management of air conditioning is adequate (thereturn temperature on the first floor is 26°C).
3. Promotion of improvement activities (installing inverters in secondary
chilled water pumps, replacing lamps)③ Excellent communication between the management and the energy
administrator and they work together to reduce energy consumption

II-19

4.3

Points for Improvement and Expected Effects
As mentioned above, the energy consumption is well managed. This section describes
the points for improvement and the expected effects based on the tour of the building andthe analysis of the energy data.
(1) Optimization of chilled water temperature settings
The cold heat source of the hotel was three chillers. The capacity of the electricmotor of one chiller was 350 kW, which consumed the largest energy in the hotel.
The operation log of this chiller on September 12, 2004 is shown in the following
table (partly).
In this operation log, we noted two points for energy conservation. One is thechilled water temperature (Leaving Water Temp) and the other is the frequency ofthe secondary chilled water pumps (SCHWP Frequency).
The chilled water temperature was 6°C which was exactly the same as the setting(Chilled Water Set PT). This is not a problem itself. However, the setting of 6°C canbe improved. The average return temperature of chilled water (Entering Water
Temp) was 8.2°C and the temperature difference was 2.2°C which is rather small(generally, the difference is 5°C). We think the cooling load was small.
The electric energy consumed by the chillers can be reduced by increasing theefficiency of the chillers when the load is small. To increase the efficiency of thechillers, they need to raise the temperature of chilled water.

Chiller Log Sheet
Chilled Water Set PT ℃
Leaving Water Temp℃

12-Sep-04
7:00 10:00 13:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 23:00
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.9
6.0
5.9

2:00
6.0
5.9

5:00Average
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.0

Entering Water Temp℃
Inlet Guide Vane Position %

8.3
38.1

8.4
51.2

9.0
60.8

8.4
48.0

8.3
47.2

8.4
46.7

7.4
23.3

7.3
21.8

8.1
32.4

8.2
41.1

Compressor kW
SCHWP Frequency

206
50

232
50

259
50

229
50

226
50

231
50

147
50

140
50

188
50

206.4
50.0

The following table shows the percentage of reduction in the input energy when thechilled water temperature of the chillers is changed from 6°C to 7.0°C, 7.5°C or
8°C.
Chilled water
New
Input reduction
temperaturetemperature
percentage
6.0
7.0
6％
6.0
7.5
9％
6.0
8.0
11％
The following table shows the reduction in electric energy and cost assuming the

II-20

temperature of chilled water is 7.5°C when the load is small. The annual reduction
in electric energy is 220,752 kWh and the reduction in cost is 133,030,674 Rp. The
reduced electric energy is 2.1% of the total electric energy consumed by the hotel.

kW
350
kWh
275,940

Number ofchillers
2
Rp/kWh
482.1

Hours
24
Rp/y
133,030,674

Electric energy consumed
by the hotel
Reduced electric energy

Days
365

Load
factor
0.4

Reduction
kWhrate
2,452,800
0.09

kWh220,752

Percentage of reduction in the electric energy
10,527,400 kWh consumed by the hotel
220,752 kWh
2.1%(2) Optimization of the control of secondary chilled water pumps
The second item we noted in the operation log in regard to energy conservation is
the frequency of the secondary chilled water pumps. The load might be small since
the chilled water temperature difference was 2.2°C. However, from anotherperspective, the flow rate of chilled water was excessive. The pumps were equippedwith inverters. The inverters should lower the frequency to adjust the flow rate to an
adequate value and decrease the input power. However, they were not done. The
settings can be modified to operate the pumps with adequate energy consumption.
The following table shows the effects of operating the pumps at 45 Hz rather than
50 Hz. The reduction in the annual electric energy is 191,581 kWh and the
reduction in cost is 92,361,427 Rp. The reduced electric energy is 1.8% of the total
electric energy consumed by the hotel.
IF 50Hz →45Hz
kW
90
kWh

（0.9*0.9*0.9=0.73)
Load factor
h
d
0.9
24
365
Rp/kWhRp/y191,581
Electric energy
consumed by the hotel
Reduced electric energy

482.1

Reduction rate
0.27

KWH
191,581

92,361,427

10,527,400 kWh
191,581 kWh

II-21

Percentage of reduction in the electricenergy consumed by the hotel
1.8%

(3) Turning off the lights in the machine room and the electricity room
We found that lights were lit in the machine room and the electricity room when we
toured the hotel. Although we are not sure whether the lights were lit for us, we
calculate the effects when the lights in the backyard are turned off when there are nopeople.
There were 50 36-W fluorescent lights. We assume that those lights are lit 80% of
the year. When the lights are turned off, the reduction in electric energy is 12,614
kWh and the reduction in cost is 6,061,402 Rp. The reduced electric energy is 0.1%of the electric energy consumed by the hotel.

kW
0.036
kWh
12,614

Number oflights50
Rp/kWh
482.1

Hours
24
Rp/y
6,081,402

Days
365

kWh
15,768

Electric energy
consumed by the hotel
10,527,400 kWh
Reduced electric energy
12,614 kWh

Reduction
rate
0.8

kWh
12,6140.1%(4) Improvement of lights in guest rooms
Some guest rooms used incandescent lights (100 W). We calculate the effects when
the incandescent lights are replaced with 20-W highly-efficient fluorescent lamps(this improvement is planned to be performed). The reduced electric energy is 8,760
kWh and the reduction in cost is 4,223,196 Rp. The reduced electric energy is 0.1%of the electric energy consumed by the hotel.
100W→

Reduced kW Number of lights
0.08
300
kWh
8,760

Rp/kWh
482.1

20W
Hours
2

Days
365

kWh
17,520

Load factor
0.5

kWh
8,760

Rp/y
4,223,196

Electric energy
consumed by the hotel
10,527,400 kWh
Reduced electric energy
8,760 kWh

0.1%(5) Summary of points for improvement
The following table lists the four points for improvement and the expected effects.
The four points can reduce 488,896 kWh, which is 4.1% of the electric energy usedII-22

by the hotel. The amount of cost to be reduced is 235 million Rp. The three points
other than the fourth point (improvement of lights in guest rooms) are possible
without renovating the hotel.
No
1
2
3
4

Item
Optimization of chilled watertemperature settings
Optimization of the control ofsecondary chilled water pumps
Turning off the lights in the machineroom and the electricity room
Improvement of lights in guest
rooms
Total

II-23

kWh/y

%

Rp/y

275,940

2.1%

133,030,674

191,581 1.8%

92,361,427

12,6140.1%

6,081,402

8,760 0.1%
488,896 4.1%

4,223,196
235,696,699

5.
5.1

About the Result of the Workshop
OutlineEighty-one people participated in the workshop including Mr. Yogo Pratomo, Director
General of Electricity and Energy Utilization of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral
Resources, exceeding our expectation. Indonesia gave four presentations and three
countries invited from the ASEAN gave three presentations. The workshop was a successwith many questions and discussions including our report (the program is shown on thenext page).
At the beginning of the workshop, Mr. Yogo Pratomo, Director General of the Ministryof Energy and Mineral Resources, gave an opening speech. Other participants include
many government officials such as Ms. Ratna Ariati, Director of Renewable Energy andEnergy Conservation, Ms. Mariam Ayuni, Chief of Energy Conservation, and many
people from universities, laboratories and private businesses working in the field ofbuildings.
The presentations were very good and interesting including those from the invited guests.
Through the presentations and discussions, we felt that the people involved were moreeager to achieve energy conservation than we expected. We also noticed that they were
trying to develop the technologies that match the ASEAN and that gave us some clues
for future activities.
The people working in the field of buildings sensed that the government was trying toestablish an energy conservation law to strengthen regulations and to establish a policy to
cut back government subsidies in regard to the prices of energy. That is why those people
were trying hard to achieve energy conservation.
Outside the workshop, we received requests from some people on holding more seminars
and workshops in Jakarta and local cities of Indonesia.

5.2

Discussion on the Survey Results (Obstacles in Performing and Disseminating
Energy Conservation Measures and Countermeasures)
We brought the results of the audit to each hotel we audited and discussed the measures
for improvement. The details are not described here since they are mentioned in othersections in this report.
Intercontinental Midplaza Jakarta was especially advanced in energy conservation. The
General Manager participated in the discussion and the response from the management
was superb. We received total cooperation and witnessed decisive instructions to thepeople in charge in response to the results of our audit, which gave a great impression tous.
Since future follow-ups are required, we visited Ms. Ayuni at the Ministry of Energy andMineral Resources in the evening to explain the results of the reports we made at the two
hotels and asked for future follow-ups.

II-24

5.3

Policy on Creating the Technical Directory
We explained the basic concept and some elements of the Technical Directory at theworkshop and obtained approval from the participants. The features are as follows:• Include the technologies that are suitable for Southeast Asia and those that have been
recommended by Japanese experts or those actually used in Japan.
• Include successful examples of the above.
• Prepare the basic format that can be easily expanded or changed in the future basedon the above.
We asked the Indonesian side to prepare successful examples at least.

II-25

Workshop Program in Indonesia
0088. .0000 – – 0088. .3300

RReeggi si st tr raat ti ioonn

0 8 .3 0 – 0 8 .3 5 W e lc o m e R e m a r k s
0 8 .3 0 – 0 8 .3 5 W e lc o m e R e m a r k s
D r. Y o g o P ra to m o
D r. Y o g o P ra to m o
D ir e c t o r G e n e r a l f o r E le c t r ic it y & E n e r g y U t iliz a t io n
D ir e c t o r G e n e r a l f o r E le c t r ic it y & E n e r g y U t iliz a t io n0088. .3355 – – 0088. .4400 OOppeenni ni ngg SSt taat teemmeennt t
D r . Y o s h id a K a z u h ik o
D r . Y o s h id a K a z u h ik o
G e n e r a l M a n a g e r , E n e r g y C o n s e r v a t io n C e n t r e , J a p a n
G e n e r a l M a n a g e r , E n e r g y C o n s e r v a t io n C e n t r e , J a p a n
0 8 .4 0 – 0 8 .4 5 O p e n in g S t a t e m e n t
0 8 .4 0 – 0 8 .4 5 O p e n in g S t a t e m e n t
DDr r. . WW eeeer raawwaat t CChhaannt taannaakkoommee
E x e c u tiv e D ire c t o r, A S E A N C e n t r e f o r E n e r g y
E x e c u tiv e D ire c t o r, A S E A N C e n t r e f o r E n e r g y
0 8 .4 5 – 0 9 .0 0 C o ffe e B r e a k & P h o to s e s s io n
0 8 .4 5 – 0 9 .0 0 C o ffe e B r e a k & P h o to s e s s io n
S e s s io n I : P o lic ie s a n d P r o g r a m s o n E n e r g y C o n s e r v a t io n
S e s s io n I : P o lic ie s a n d P r o g r a m s o n E n e r g y C o n s e r v a t io n
0 9 .0 0 – 0 9 .2 0 E n e r g y C o n s e r v a t io n P o li c y a n d P r o g r a m s o f
0 9 .0 0 – 0 9 .2 0 E n e r g y C o n s e r v a t io n P o li c y a n d P r o g r a m s o fIn
I nddoonnees si aia
M s . R a tn a A r ia ti
M s . R a tn a A r ia ti
D ir e c t o r , D ir e c t o r a t e G e n e r a l fo r E le c t r ic it y a n d
D ir e c t o r , D ir e c t o r a t e G e n e r a l fo r E le c t r ic it y a n d
EEnneer rggyy UUt ti il li izzaat ti ioonn
0099. .2200 – – 0099. .4400 JJaappaann’ ’s s EEnneer rggyy CCoonns seer rvvaat ti oi onn PPr rooggr raamms s
DDr r. . YYoos shhi d
aa KKaazzuuhhi k
oo
i
d
i
k
EEnneer rggyy CCoonns seer rvvaat ti oi onn CCeennt tr ree JJaappaann
0 9 .4 0 – 1 0 .0 0 Q u e s t io n a n d A n s w e r
0 9 .4 0 – 1 0 .0 0 Q u e s t io n a n d A n s w e r

S e s s io n II :S e s s io n II :1 0 .0 0 – 1 0 .2 0
1 0 .0 0 – 1 0 .2 0
1 0 .2 0 – 1 0 .4 0
1 0 .2 0 – 1 0 .4 0
1 0 .4 0 – 1 1 .0 0
1 0 .4 0 – 1 1 .0 0
1 1 .0 0 – 1 1 .2 0
1 1 .0 0 – 1 1 .2 0
1 1 .2 0 – 1 1 .4 0
1 1 .2 0 – 1 1 .4 0
1 1 .4 0 – 1 2 .3 0
1 1 .4 0 – 1 2 .3 0
1 2 .4 0 – 1 3 .3 0
1 2 .4 0 – 1 3 .3 0
S e s s io n III :S e s s io n III :1 3 .3 0 – 1 4 .1 5
1 3 .3 0 – 1 4 .1 5
1 4 .1 5 – 1 5 .0 0
1 4 .1 5 – 1 5 .0 0

1 5 .0 0 – 1 5 .1 5
1 5 .0 0 – 1 5 .1 5
1 5 .1 5 – 1 6 .0 0
1 5 .1 5 – 1 6 .0 0
1 6 .0 0 – 1 6 .4 5
1 6 .0 0 – 1 6 .4 5
1 6 .4 5 – 1 7 .1 5
1 6 .4 5 – 1 7 .1 5
1 7 .1 5 – 1 7 .3 0
1 7 .1 5 – 1 7 .3 0
S e s s io n IV :S e s s io n IV :1 7 .3 0 – 1 7 .4 5
1 7 .3 0 – 1 7 .4 5
1 7 .4 5 – 1 8 .0 0
1 7 .4 5 – 1 8 .0 0
1 8 .0 0 – 1 8 .1 5
1 8 .0 0 – 1 8 .1 5

E n e r g y C o n s e r v a t io n B e s t P r a c tic e s
E n e r g y C o n s e r v a t io n B e s t P r a c t ic e s
f o r B u ild in g s in In d o n e s ia
f o r B u ild in g s in In d o n e s ia
N a t u r a R e s o r t a n d S p a B a li
N a t u r a R e s o r t a n d S p a B a li
P T . M e t r o p o lit a n B a y u In d u s t r i
P T . M e t r o p o lit a n B a y u In d u s t r i
G r a n M e lia H o t e l J a k a r t a
G r a n M e lia H o t e l J a k a r t a
C it r a L a n d B u ild in g
C it r a L a n d B u ild in g
G ra n d P re a n ge r H o te l B a n d u n g
G ra n d P re a n g e r H o te l B a n d u n g
Q u e s t io n a n d A n s w e r
Q u e s t io n a n d A n s w e r
L u n ch B re ak
L u n ch B re ak
E n e r g y C o n s e r v a t io n B e s t P r a c tic e s
E n e r g y C o n s e r v a t io n B e s t P r a c t ic e s
f o r B u ild in g s in A S E A N C o u n t r ie s
f o r B u ild in g s in A S E A N C o u n t r ie s
S h in a w a t r a U n iv e r s it y B u ild in g
S h in a w a t r a U n iv e r s it y B u ild in g
D r . V o r a s u n B u r a n a k a r n (T h a ila n d )D r . V o r a s u n B u r a n a k a r n (T h a ila n d )In d ir e c t S e a w a t e r C o o lin g & T h e r m a l
In d ir e c t S e a w a t e r C o o lin g & T h e r m a l
Sto ra ge Sy ste m , C h an gi N a v a l B a se
S to ra g e Sy ste m , C h a n g i N a v a l B a se
M r. N g Y e w So o n & E r T a y L e n g C h u a
M r. N g Y e w So o n & E r T ay L e n g C h u a(S in g a p o re )(S in g a p o r e )C o ffe e B re a k
C o ffe e B re a k
S e c u r it ie s C o m m is s io n B u ild in g
S e c u r it ie s C o m m is s io n B u ild in g
M r . C h e n T h ia m L e o n g (M a la y s ia )M r . C h e n T h ia m L e o n g (M a la y s ia )T h e 6 7 5 0 T o w e r B u ild in g
T h e 6 7 5 0 T o w e r B u ild in g
M r . G e r a ld M o n a s t e r io (P h ilip p in e s )M r . G e r a ld M o n a s t e r io ( P h ilip p in e s )D isc u s s io n
D is c u s s io n
S u m m a ry : B a r r ie rs a n d M e a s u r e s
S u m m a r y : B a r r ie r s a n d M e a s u r e s
D is s e m in a tio n P ro c e d u r e
D is s e m in a t io n P r o c e d u r e
D e v e lo p m e n t o f T e c h n ic a l D ir e c t o r y
D e v e lo p m e n t o f T e c h n ic a l D ir e c t o r y
by ECCJ
by ECCJ
D e v e lo p m e n t o f L o c a l D a t a b a s e /D e v e lo p m e n t o f L o c a l D a t a b a s e /B e n c h m a r k / G u id e lin e b y E C C J
B e n c h m a r k / G u id e lin e b y E C C J
C lo s in g S t a t e m e n t
C lo s in g S t a t e m e n t

II-26

5.4

Discussion for Establishing the Database, Benchmarks, and Guidelines inIndonesia
In the workshop, we explained the basic idea including how the system worked. The
activities must be in cooperation with the ASEAN Benchmarking being performed bySingapore and other ASEAN countries. However, the database, benchmarks, andguidelines for Indonesia must be planned and established first.
In Indonesia, the benchmarks for the energy consumption intensity for buildings are
already set based on the past energy audits and other survey data. However, the existing
benchmarks (including those that are made based on our audits) need to be modified andimproved.

II-27

III.

Cambodia

1.

Activity Overview
In Cambodia, we carried out a follow-up investigation into Sofitel Royal Angkor Hotel,
and a simple energy audit at Ankor Palace Resort & Spa (hotel), as well as holding aworkshop.
The following gives the participants and task records.
Participants from the International Engineering Department of the Energy Conservation
Center, Japan (ECCJ)- Kazuhiko Yoshida (General Manager)- Akira Kobayashi (Technical Expert)- Yohichi Kita (Technical Expert)
Task records

Date
September 19 Sunday
September 20 Monday
September 21

Tuesday

September 22
September 23
September 24

WednesdayThursdayFridaySeptember 25

SaturdayDescription
Left Jakarta and arrived at Siem Reap.
Carried out the follow-up audit at Sofitel Royal Angkor
Hotel.
Carried out the simple energy audit at Angkor Palace Resort& Spa.
Left Siem Reap, and arrived at Phnom Penh.
Held the workshop.
Bargained with representatives of the Ministry of Industry,
Mines and Energy (MIME).
Left Phnom Penh for Japan.

We carried out the follow-up survey at Sofitel Royal Angkor Hotel where the energy audit
was carried out in March 2002. Buildings have been constructed in Siem Reap that has
Angkor Watt, a world heritage. Angkor Palace Resort & Spa is also a new hotel that wasestablished recently. This area has no well arranged electric power supply network. The
basic form of energy supply is self-generation by a diesel generator.
The follow-up investigation consists of:- pre-sending of a questionnaire;- identification of the achievements of taking the hotel’s own measures and measures
recommended particularly by the Japanese experts for more effective energy
conservation, as well as understanding of latest energy consumption conditions- site survey and evaluations.
We also pre-sent a questionnaire for an energy audit to collect data and informationnecessary for the energy audit. We adopted the conventional OJT-based approach formeasuring and checking data at the site to secure technology transfer.
On September 23, we held the workshop at Phnom Penh attended by about 60 persons
including four instructors invited from Cambodia and three other ASEAN countries. The

III-1

workshop ended successfully after active inquiries and discussions.
2.
2.1

Recent Trends of Energy Conservation and Building Management in Cambodia
Trends of Energy Conservation in Cambodia
The following gives recent trends presented by the ACE.
In Cambodia, the MIME is responsible for designing and implementing energy
conservation policies. But it has not recorded full achievements owing to insufficient
funds and other reasons, though some achievements have been reported.
The most important energy source is firewood. Some people consider that petroleum,
natural gas, coal, and other natural resource reserves are present in Cambodia. None have,
however, identified the amount of those reserves. This country has a wealth of water, but
is occupied by flat fields with fewer mountains. Possible water power is, therefore,
estimated at about 10,000 MW.
95 percent of energy is obtained from petroleum, all of which is imported. It is applied
mainly to transportation and power generation (public and self generation). Each ofgasoline, kerosene, diesel oil and fuel oil has a nearly equal share.
In Cambodia, the major industrial energy is electric power. The current rate ofelectrification is no more than 20 percent. (In 2001, this rate was 15 percent.) Only
Phnom Penh and local big cities, and their peripheral regions are electrified, and theother regions are supplied with no electric power. This makes it a most privileged issue
to electrify the whole country. Following the MIME’s program and policies, its
underlying organization, the EDU (Electricite du Cambodge), assumes a major role forcomplete electrification. That program aims at supply of electric power of about 750
MW in 2016 through new development and import from peripheral countries. The
current power supply is about 150 MW. Figure IV-1-1 illustrates the master plan ofelectric power generation and transmission prepared by the MIME.

III-2

Figure I-1-1 Master Plan of Electric Power Generation andTransmission in Cambodia

2.2

Trends of building management in Cambodia
The following gives recent trends of building management presented by the ACE.

III-3

3.
3.1

Follow-up Energy Audit of Sofitel Royal Angkor Hotel
Sofitel Royal Angkor Hotel Overview(1) Name of the building:

Sofitel Royal Angkor Hotel(2) Application:

Hotel(3) Size:

One story under and three stories above the groundTotal floor area: 70,000 m2
Number of guest rooms: 240(4) Constructed in:

October 2000

(5) Energy management system: Not adopted
This hotel is, however, equipped with the handmade monitoring instruments tocheck temperature and other conditions, and timers.
(6) Electric power generation
All electric power is generated by the hotel itself using three air-cooled generators(1,500 kVA (1,200 kW), 1,000 kVA (800 kW), and 800 kVA (648 kW)).
Electric power (390 V, three phases, four wires) is supplied directly via notransformers.
Two elevators (each of which is rated at 7.5 kW), and one elevator rated at 5.5 kW(7) Air conditioninga. Three air-cooled chillers

III-4

b.

No. 1: Manufactured by York, Capacity: 200 RT × 210.5 kW
No. 2: Manufactured by York, Capacity: 210 RT × 228.2 kW
No. 3: Manufactured by Carrier, Capacity: 220 RT × 347.6 kW
Four cooled water pumps (each of which is rated at 18.5 kW)
Air-conditioning systems
Guest rooms: 288 fan coil units
Lobbies, business rooms, meeting rooms, and other rooms: Air conditioners
Some rooms: Package system(8) Sanitationa. Water supply
Well:

b.

c.

3.2

Water is pumped up from the underground of the site,which is 56 meters in depth below the ground level.
The pump is rated at 4 kW.
Two water reservoirs: Installed underground. The capacity of each of thereservoirs is 400 m3.
One water tower:
100 m3
Water boilers
Two evaporation boilers (100 psi and 1,000 kg/h)
The boilers generate vapor of 60 to 80 psi to be sent to the laundry and the hotwater reservoir for use as the hot water source.
Waste water treatment
A sewage treatment system is installed at the site to completely treat sewage
and other water.

Outlined Results of the Diagnosis in 2002
(1) The energy audit was carried out in March 7 and 8, 2002.
(2) Diagnosed by: Toru Isome (technical expert) and Akira Kobayashi (technicalexpert) from the Energy Conservation Center, Japan(3) Outlined results of the diagnosis
1) High-level energy management
Mr. Sumit Thungtong as the facility engineering manager manages energy
excellently. He well manages the temperature of the cooled water outlet in thechiller, and runs the chiller under fully managed energy conservation. He
correctly calculates energy costs of the guest rooms in use every day, and finely
controls the timer to enable high-level management.

III-52) Three proposals for improvement
This hotel was constructed one year and five months ago, having new
equipment. Because of the high-level energy management, it is difficult to findissues for improvement. We, however, proposed the following three points.
① Introduction of a cogeneration system
Self-generation equipment is installed in this hotel since no electric poweris supplied from the outside. As the hotel has demands for heat in terms of
hot water and vapor supply, we proposed the introduction of acogeneration system. Owing to new equipment, we recommended that thisintroduction will be studied in detail when the equipment has been aged.
② Adoption of highly efficient lamps
Quite a few lamps are of highly efficient types but some are conventional
lamps. We proposed that those conventional lamps should be replaced withhighly efficient lamps.
③ Boiler’s air ratio control
The hotel does not seem to control the air ratio which is an importantfactor for boiler control. We recommended that the air ratio be controlled
to improve oil consumption by the boiler.
3.3

Follow-up of the Previous Proposals
The following describes how the above proposals have been implemented.
(1) Introduction of a cogeneration system
During the previous investigation, we proposed that a cogeneration system be
introduced because they installed self-generation power equipment and had ademand for heat. The equipment has, however, already been improved so as tocollect heat, run as “a simple cogeneration system” .
In order to collect heat from exhaust gas of the generator, copper pipes, in whichwater is flowing, are wound on the surface of the exhaust gas duct (See the photo
below.) According to Mr. Sumit, 24 cubic meters of water are heated per day.
We had considered that it is difficult to install a real cogeneration system for thepresent air-cooled generator. We were, however, surprised at the installation of theexcellent simple heat collection system with the copper water pipes wound on the
duct.

III-6

Cambodia has not well constructed an electric power supply infrastructure.
Large-size buildings including this hotel install such power generation equipmentby themselves. Owing to the considerable demand for heat, a cogeneration system
would contribute significantly to more efficient energy conservation. We, therefore,
hope that real cogeneration systems will be installed at hotels and other facilities in
Cambodia.
(2) Adoption of highly efficient lamps
The previous investigation found that nearly 500 conventional 40W fluorescentlamps were used. However, our proposal of the replacement of these lamps withmore efficient lamps has already been implemented.
In addition, the hotel has a plan to install garden lamps with solar generation system
and LED manufactured in Australia.
(3) Boiler’s air ratio control
The boiler’s air ratio is not controlled because of the absence of measuring gauges
and the execution professionals. Supply water is, however, preheated by solar
energy in order to reduce boiler operation load (see the photo below). In addition,
this hotel has a plan to equip a hot water supply system that uses a heat pump tocollect the laundry’s heat for heating of water. The use of the heat pump for heatcollection, which is a current advanced and sophisticated technology, is positive
challenge for the energy conservation.

III-7

Results of Energy Audit(1) Historical development of energy consumption
The following describes the three year records of energy consumption of this hotel
which was constructed three years ago.
1) Monthly oil consumption during the period of the three years
The chart below indicates that more oil was consumed in November andDecember 2002 and significantly less oil was consumed in 2003 in comparison
with the past two years.
Monthly Oil Consumption
120,000
100,000
80,000

2001
2002
2003

60,00040,000

III-8

Dec

Nov

Oct

Sep

Aug

Jul

Jun

May

Apr

Mar

0

Feb

20,000Janl

3.4

2) The rate of hotel operation and electric power consumption for the three years
The chart below illustrates changes in the rate of hotel operation and electric
power consumption for the three years. This rate of operation reduced in 2002
in comparison with the previous year, but marked the highest figure in 2003 in
the past three years. On the other hand, electric power consumption has
reduced steadily ever year. This reduction exceeds the target of an annual
reduction of 3.5 percent set by Mr. Sumit.
Rate of hotel operation, and annual electric power consumption

1.20
1.00

1.00

0.93
0.76

0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
2001y

2002y

45
40
35
30
25 %
20
15
10
5
0

Electric power
Rate ofoperation

2003y3) Daily changes in electric power consumption
The chart below shows the changes of electric power loads for 24 hours on a
typical day. Like the other general hotels, the electric power consumption
reaches the peak at around 20 o’clock.

KWH

Daily changes in electric power consumption

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1:00 3:00 5:00 7:00 9:0011:0013:0015:0017:0019:0021:0023:00(2) Evaluations of energy consumption

III-91) Comparison of the four hotels
As already explained, this hotel is characterized by excellent management by
Mr. Suimt and the improvement of the energy consumption is positively
implemented. This paragraph compares this hotel with other hotels in terms ofenergy consumption to understand the energy situation of this hotel.
Normally, for the comparison of energy consumption among buildings theindex of the annual energy consumption per floor area is used. This hotel does
not, however, provide the correct number of the total floor area．We, therefore,studied and proposed a new index for the evaluation. The new index is annual
energy consumption divided by the number of guest rooms and the number ofdays in the year, which is the energy consumption per day・room.
The comparison are done between two high-rise city hotels in Jakarta, and thetwo resort-type hotels located at Siem Reap in this country.
The chart below provides the results of the comparison. This hotel consumes
about 1/3 of the energy which Jakarta hotel A uses, and about 7/10 of theenergy which Siem Reap hotel C consumes. This is affected by the results ofenergy conservation activities.

MJ/room/day

Index for energy consumption in hotels

1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

1238
878
549

Jakartahotel A

Jakartahotel B

Siem
Reap
hotel C

401

SofitelRoyal
Angkor2) Electric power consumers
The pie chart below, which is created according to Mr. Sumit’s presentation,shows the share of electric power consumers. Although the pie chart issignificantly different from the previous offered one in terms of chiller plants
and lighting outlets, it is considered as providing valid values. This is because
an energy breakdown list is prepared currently to understand electric power
consumption by equipment per hour.

III-10Share of electric power consumption
Other
equipment

15%

Chiller

20%

Motor, drive, etc.

15%
Pump and fan

20%
Lighting outlet

30%(3) Remarkably excellent energy management
The following sets out the concepts of remarkably excellent management found in
our investigation.
1) Manually fabricated BTMS and timer control
This hotel is not provided with a so called BEMS (Building Energy
Management System), a BAS (Building Automation System), and othercentrally monitored controllers. As shown in the photo below, however,manually fabricated temperature meters and timers are installed on walls toperform efficient energy management. In particular, the timers checks set
points twice a day to enable optimum management suitable for temperature andthe number of guests. This management level is highly excellent, and may besuperior to Japanese advanced equipment.

III-11

2) Effective methods for energy conservation
Helpful methods for energy conservation have been implemented actively,
including thermal collection from generators, and solar energy utilization. The
following covers other means with possible photos affixed.
① Reuse of treated water
Treated waste water is reused for the cooling tower and for floor cleaning.

② Natural laundry ventilation
The laundry is not ventilated by an existing machine, but naturally
ventilated from new roof outlets under no power.

③ Ceiling ventilation and resulting reduction in air-conditioning loads
The top ceiling of the hotel guest building is ventilated to reduce thermalloads from the ceiling.
④ Water saver
The water taps in the guest rooms are provided with a water saver.
⑦ Condensed water from air conditioners is filtered to the pool for its
cooling.
3) Training and information sharing

III-12

New engineers are trained (one-day course), and information is shared via
every-day meetings and using transmission boards. The wall in themaintenance room is provided with an equipment system drawing to help
understand trends of energy consumption in the hotel.
The amount of energy consumption on a day is reported to the staff members
and managers on the next day. The engineers and workers hold a meeting oncea week for communication.
3.5

The Barriers for the Promotion of Energy Conservation, and Measures Against
Those Problems(1) Problems with energy conservation encouragement
Led by Mr. Sumit as the engineering manager, this hotel deploys excellent energy
conservation activities. This success is due to the strong reliance between the hotel
owner and Mr. Sumit. That reliance is proven by his word that the owner permits
him to do at his discretion.
This may make it able to acquire engineers for further energy conservationencouragement. Younger staff members have come to assume business jobs for thetwo years following the previous investigation. Although Mr. Sumit is involved
actively in training, an important point in the future consists in growing engineers.
Furthermore, he is concerned that skilled engineers may be hired by other hotels in
Siem Reap where hotels have been constructed increasingly.
(2) Measures for energy conservation encouragement
As described above, anchoring energy conservation activities securely in Cambodia
would require that the engineers responsible for actual energy conservation masterknowledge for the conservation. Important for Cambodian energy conservation
policies is, therefore, to implement an environment for effective training andeducation.

III-13

4.

Energy Audit of Angkor Palace Report & Spa

4.1

Outline of Angkor Palace Report & Spa
In Siem Reap which is famous for Angkor Vat, many hotels are being built. Angkor
Palace Report & Spa is a high-class resort hotel which opened on January, 2004 (thebusy season is October to March and the slack off-season is April to September).
For the audit, Mr. Shanker Rajoo (General Manager), Mr. Chea Chharavuth (Chief
Engineer), and Mr. Hang Vannak (Catering Sales Assistant Manager) accompanied us.
(1) Name: Angkor Palace Report & Spa

Figure III-4-1 Exterior of Angkor Palace Report & Spa(2) Use:Resort hotel(3) Size:

Three floors above the ground, Total floor area: 8,440 m2 (including villas)
Number of guest rooms: 74 + 10
Number of villas: 13 with a spa and a ballroom
Another 150 rooms are planned to be built.

(4) Opening: January 2004. Some facilities are still being built and expanded.
(5) Outline of facilities

III-14

1) Outline of the Building Automation System (BAS)None. Almost all facilities were manually run by the hotel staff.
Only the number of occupied guest rooms and the oil consumption wererecorded and reported to the General Manager and the owner.
In the generator room, the operation time was recorded to determine theoverhaul timing of the diesel engines.
2) Outline of electrical systems
a. Power generation facilities
Generators: Diesel 4-cylinder water cooled, 231/400 V, 50 Hz, 250 kVA(AKSA-AC275) × 1 unit, 500 kVA (AKSA-AC550) × 2 units
One generator is regularly used and the others are standbys.

Figure III-4-2 Diesel Generator
Since the generator power was the only power source, the generators wereoperated and maintained carefully.
The hotel performed a periodical checking every 250 hours. When theoperation time reached 1,500 hours or 6,000 hours, the generators were
overhauled by a professional (AKSA Cambodia, Co., Ltd.).
The three generators ran in turn to make even the operation time of eachgenerator. The fuel was purchased from Caltex Co., Ltd. three to four times
a month and stored in a 21,000-liter fuel tank. When we were on the way
to the generator room, we saw direct burial installation work of cables andasked the reason. The answer was they added backup cables which were
thought to be necessary according to the cable problems experienced in thepast.

III-15

Figure III-4-3 Generator Roomb.

Low-voltage power distribution facility
Three-phase, four-line, 400 V
For the central section and wings: 13 main feeders and 19 subfeeders
For the villas: Five feeders
c. Lightings
Indoor and outdoor lightings
d. Elevators
For carrying people: 7.5 kW × 1 unit
3) Outline of air-conditioning systems
Air cooled packaged air conditioners: About 100 units in total
Details: For guest rooms: 2 HP × 74 units
For villas: 3.5 HP × 5 units
For the restaurant: 5 HP × 2 units
For the ballroom: 5 HP × 6 units
For the gym: 3.5 HP × 1 unit
For the massage room: 2 HP × 2 units
4) Outline of sanitary facilities
a. Water supply system
Well water lift pumps: 60-m or greater head × 2 units
Water processing facilities: Three units, 1.5 kW (2 HP) pump for thefacilities × 6 units
Water receiving tank: 100 m3 × 1 unit, Lifted water tank × 2 units,
Underground tank × 2 units

III-16

Figure III-4-4 Water Processing Facility
b.
c.
d.
4.2

Hot water supply system: Hot water tanks heated by electric boilers:
300-liter × 2 units, 200-liter × 2 units
Steam generator: Electric steam generator × 1 unit
Laundry drier: Electric heater × 2 units

Analysis of Current Status(1) Facility management system
The hotels in Cambodia can be divided into two main categories: those built by theinternational capital and those built by the local capital. Angkor Palace Report &Spa is owned by a Cambodian.
Mr. Shanker Rajoo, General Manager, is from Malaysia. The general managers andchief engineers for high-class hotels are the people with experiences in foreigncountries. The demand for such personnel is high but the resources are short. Since
the head hunting is quite common way to get such personnel here, the post of the
sub-chief engineer of Angkor Palace Resort & Spa was vacant at the time.
Mr. Hang Vannak of Catering Sales department seemed to be responsible for theassistant jobs for the General Manager, including planning, administration andfinancing and energy cost management, etc.
The facility operation was managed by the Engineering section (three shifts for 21
people).

III-17

Figure III-4-5 Hotel Management System(2) Energy consumption
The energy used in the hotel was the generated power only. This section describes
the fuel used for the generators and electric energy.
1) Monthly fuel consumption
The fuel consumption is increasing steadily since the hotel opened not long ago
and some facilities are still being built and expanded.
Monthly Fuel Consumption (2004)
45,00040,00035,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,000
5,000
0

L

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Figure III-4-6 Monthly Fuel Consumption

III-18

Oct

Nov

Dec

2) Daily fuel consumption
The consumption varies significantly from 3,928 kWh to 5,657 kWh.
2004 Aug Daily kWh

kWh

kWh
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1

Figure III-4-7 Daily Fuel Consumption3) Hourly fuel consumption
The following figure shows the electric energy consumption on the day withhighest occupancy rate ( 96%) and the day with lowest occupancy rate (24%)
in August. The big difference of the two days is occurred in the evening and thenight. This is probably caused by the difference in the air-conditioning load.

24h Load Curve

kWh
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1

3

5

7

9

11

13

2-Aug [96%]

15

17

19

12-Aug [24%]Figure III-4-8 Hourly Fuel Consumption(3) Evaluation of energy consumption

III-1921231) Evaluation of electric energy consumption
In the resort hotels, the floor area per room is larger than that of hotels usedmainly for business. Therefore, the “per GFA” may not be the most suitableindex for energy efficiency but we usually use it for comparison.
The Energy Efficiency Index (EEI: annual electric energy consumption perindex unit area) of the hotels in Indonesia was 300 kWh/m2/y on the average(the value was obtained from a report in the workshop held on September 16 in
Jakarta).
Since Angkor Palace Report & Spa is less than one-year old, we multiply thenearest data (August) (average of the day's total: 4,735 kWh) by 365 todetermine the annual electric energy consumption (1,728,375 kWh).
EEI = 1,728,375 kWh/8,440 m3 = approximately 204.8 (kWh/m2)

Energy Efficiency
kWh/㎡/year

350
300

300

250

204.8

200
150
100
50
0
Jakarta I Hotel

Angkor Palace Resort & Spa

Figure III-4-9 Electric Energy Consumption per Floor Area
2) Fuel consumption intensity per guest room
Angkor Palace Report & Spa managed energy based on the fuel consumption
per guest room rather than the energy consumption per floor area of thebuilding (EEI).
This is probably because the energy consumption per guest, which is part ofcost, is easier to understand as management data rather than the energy
efficiency ratio.
The following figure shows the changes of the fuel consumption intensity per
guest room in July, and August 2004 based on the received data.
The bar graphs show the number of guest rooms used per day. The yellow line
graph shows the fuel consumption per guest room. The pink line graph shows
the total fuel consumption of the day. The electric energy consumption does notchange very much day to day. However, the electric energy consumption

III-20intensity changes greatly every day. This is because the number of occupied
guest rooms changes every day.
Figure III-4-10

Daily Fuel Consumption and Fuel Consumption per Guest(July 2004)
Daily Fuel Consumption and Fuel Consumption per Guest (July 2004)

L
2,000

Liter/person

200

1,800
1,600
150
1,400
1,200
1,000

100

800
600
50
400
200
0

0
2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Day

No. of guests

Figure III-4-11

Liter/guest

Consumption

Daily Fuel Consumption and Fuel Consumption per Guest(August 2004)

L

Daily Fuel Consumption and Fuel Consumption per Guest (August 2004)

2,000

Liter/person
200

1,800
1,600
150
1,400
1,200
1,000

100

800
600
50
400
200
0

0
2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Day

No. of guest

Liter/
personConsumption3) Considerations
The electric energy consumption intensity per floor area of Angkor Palace
Resort & Spa is less than the Indonesian average by 30%. This is probably
because the hotel has many corridors and open space since it is a resort hotel.
The energy consumption per guest room differs depending on the number ofguests.
The fuel unit price increased rapidly in Cambodia. In June, the price was

III-21

0.4375 US$. In the middle of August, the price was 0.4975 US$, which is a
13.7% increase in 2.5 months. The fuel cost per guest (monthly average)
reached 18.8 US$. Energy conservation was a major concern in management as
well.
However, as the control item for the management was only the fuelconsumption (daily total) which the entire energy cost. The recorded data wasinsufficient to determine what needed to be done to perform the energy
conservation operation. Although you could read the measurements such asvoltage, power factor, frequency, and electric power on the LCD panel attachedto the operation control board on the generator, these measurements were notrecorded.
To reduce the energy cost and improve the reliability of the supply of electric
power, the hotel was making every effort to maintain and operate thegenerators by assigning two engineers to constantly monitor the operation andperform routine maintenance. Professional outsourcing was also brought inperiodically to maintain the generators.
The appropriate management and checkup of the generators seemed to prevent
failures and inefficiency.

III-22

4.3

Points for Improvement and Expected Effects
This section describes the points for improvement and the expected effects based on the
walk-through survey of the building and the analysis of the energy data.
(1) Improvement of the power factor
The power factor was 95.8% when measured on the panel meter on the control
board of a generator. The power factor can be improved to 100% by adding anadequate capacitor, which reduces the 4.2% loss. This reduces the fuel by 72,592
kWh or 10,235 US$.

Figure III-4-13 Power Factor Displayed During Diagnostics
Table III-4-1 Energy Conservation Effects Due to the Improvementof the Power Factor
Power Generation & Consumption
kWh/Day
Day/y
kWh/y
4,735
365
1,728,375
/kWh
US$/y

Reduction
4.2％

kWh72,592
US$

0.141

4.2％

10,235

243,701

III-23

(2) Measurement of the electric energy consumption per feeder
By attaching a watt-hour meter on each feeder or by measuring the electric energy
consumption every hour using a handheld watt-hour meter, they can determine
whether the electric energy is used efficiently or the generator is running efficiently.
By implementing these measures, energy efficiency may improve by a few percent.

Figure III-4-14 Concept of Measuring the Electric Energy Consumed by a Feeder

III-245.
5.1

About the Result of the Workshop
OutlineWe are not sure about the accurate number of participants but it was about 60 people.
The workshop was successful with many questions and discussions.
The workshop was held in Phnom Penh. Mr. Ith Praing, Secretary of State of the
Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy (MIME) and other top officials such as Dr. Sat
Samy (later promoted to the post of Under Secretary who was then working for Mr.
Praing) participated. Just before the workshop, as we were informed that Cambodia had
only one presentation by the Chief Engineer of Sofitel Royal Angkor. Therefore, we
decided to report on the survey results on both Sofitel and Angkor Palace Resort & Spa.
Although the preparation was difficult, the presentation was successful, and appreciation
was expressed to the experts.
Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore gave five presentations, which were all good. We, as
well as the Cambodians, learned a lot from those presentations.

5.2

Discussion on the Survey Results (Barriers in Implementing and Disseminating
Energy Conservation Measures and Countermeasures)
We reported the results of the energy audit on Angkor Palace Resort & Spa in Siem Reap.
We also reported the results of the survey on Sofitel Royal Angkor Hotel to the
Maintenance Manager who came to the workshop in Phnom Penh.
The General Manager of Angkor Palace Resort & Spa was enthusiastic, made somedecisions about the future improvements, and gave us comments during our report.
The details are not discussed here since they are described in other sections in this report.
We asked Mr. Vuthy of MIME to implement the future follow-ups.

5.3

Policy on Creating the Technical Directory
We explained the basic idea and suggested some elements of the Technical Directory at
the workshop and obtained approval from the participants. The features are as follows:• Include the technologies that are suitable for Southeast Asia and those that have been
recommended by Japanese experts or those actually used in Japan.
• Include successful examples of the above.
• Prepare the basic format that can be easily expanded or changed in the future basedon the above.
We asked the Cambodian side at least to prepare successful examples.
Workshop Program in Cambodia

08.00 – 08.30

Registration

III-25

08.30 – 08.35

Welcome Remarks

Mr. Ith Praing, Secretary, MIME

08.35 – 08.40

Opening Statement

Mr. Yoshida Kazuhiko, General Manager, ECCJ

08.40 – 08.45

Opening Statement

Dr. Weerawat Chantanakome,
Executive Director, ACE

08.45 – 09.00

Coffee Break & Photo session

Session I :Policies and Programs on Energy Conservation

09.00 – 09.20

Energy Conservation Policy and Programs of Cambodia
Dr. Sat Samy, Under Secretary, MIME

09.20 – 09.40

Japan’s Energy Conservation Programs
Dr. Yoshida Kazuhiko, ECCJ

09.40 – 10.00

Summary of Barriers and Measures & Question and Answer

Session II :Energy Conservation Best Practices for Buildings in Cambodia

10.00 – 10.20

Building No. 1 in Cambodia

10.20 – 10.40

Building No. 2 in Cambodia

10.40 – 11.00

Building No. 3 in Cambodia

11.00 – 11.30

Question and Answer

Session III :Energy Conservation Best Practices for Buildings in ASEANCountries

11:30 – 12:15

Central Academic Shinawatra University Building (Thailand)
Dr. Soontorn

12.15 – 13.30

Lunch Break

13.30 – 14.15

Alexandra Hospital Building (Singapore) Mr. Stewart

14.15 – 15.00

University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Prof. Dr. K. S. Kannan

15.00 – 15.30

Coffee Break

15.30 – 16.15

Ministry of Education Building (Singapore) Mr. Lawrence Koo

16.15 – 17.00

Discussion

17.15 – 17.30

Summary: Barriers and Measures

Session IV :The Way Forward: Dissemination Procedure

17.30 – 17.45

Development of Technical Directory Mr. Kazuhiko Yoshida, ECCJ

17.45 – 18.00

Development of Local Database/Benchmark/Guideline by ECCJ
Mr. Kazuhiko Yoshida, ECCJ

18.00 – 18.15

Closing Statement

III-26

5.4

Discussion for Establishing the Database, Benchmarks, and Guidelines in
CambodiaIn the workshop, we explained the basic idea including how the system worked. The
activities must be in cooperation with the ASEAN Benchmarking being performed bySingapore and other ASEAN countries. However, it is important that they should planand establish the database, benchmarks, and guidelines for Cambodia must be plannedand established first.
The Japanese experts suggested the idea that the energy efficiency of energy
consumption per guestroom instead of energy consumption per floor area should be usedas the energy intensity. We made this an official suggestion from Japan side anddiscussed how this energy intensity should be used in future activities.

III-27

IV. Thailand
1.

Activity Overview
In Thailand, we only carried out a follow-up survey in EGCO TOWER as a businessbuilding, and did not perform an energy audit on another new building. In this country, we
also held a workshop.
The following gives the participants and task records.
Participants from the International Engineering Department of the Energy Conservation
Center, Japan (ECCJ)- Kazuhiko Yoshida (General Manager)- Akira Kobayashi (Technical Expert)- Yohichi Kita (Technical Expert)
Task records

Date
October 31
SundayNovember 1
MondayNovember 2
Tuesday
November 3
Wednesday

November 4

Thursday

November 5
November 6
November 7

FridaySaturday
SundayDescription
Left Japan, and arrived at Bangkok.
Carried out a follow-up survey on EGCO Tower.
Carried out a follow-up survey on EGCO Tower.
Arranged the results of the survey.
Reported the results of the follow-up survey at EGCO
Tower.
Made discussions with the relevant DEDE members(to generate databases, benchmarks and guidelines, andcreate a technical directory).
Held a workshop.
Holiday
Left Bangkok for the Philippines.

We carried out a follow-up survey at EGCO TOWER, a business building that was subject
to an energy audit in December 2001. The follow-up survey consists of:- pre-sending a questionnaire;- letting the responsible building staff member report the achievements of taking thebuilding’s own measures and measures for more effective energy conservation
recommended particularly by Japanese experts in the past;- receiving latest data on energy management; and- performing a site survey for confirmation.
This building is characterized by very low energy consumption per unit floor area, or for
effective energy conservation. Only a very small number of people, however, work in thebuilding. Our evaluation review is done based on this fact.
The workshop was attended by about 45 persons including Ms. Pranee, a vice departmental
manager of the DEDE, and Mr. Pravit, an executive director. Very active discussions weremade in the workshop, which provided a positive chance for the building’s staff members
to exchange comments and information.

IV-1

2.
2.1

Recent Trends of Energy Conservation and Building Management in Thailand
Recent Trends of Energy Conservation in Thailand
The following gives recent trends of energy conservation presented by the ACE.
Overall Energy Situation and Policy
Energy is one major driving force for the growth of a country. Each year Thailand
spends over 800 billion bath for energy. More importantly, 48% of total energy supply
is imported, marking an increase of energy imports around 8% annually. In addition theoil price fluctuation in recent years has made apparent the importance of sustainableenergy development of our country.
With the oil price volatility, Thailand has been in a vulnerable situation. Increase in oil
prices usually affects commodity prices, and there is a risk of oil supply disruption.
However, we can turn the crisis into opportunity -- the opportunity to review the national
policies related to both building and industrial sectors, underscoring the ways to create
added value of agricultural products as well as strategies to secure energy supply and tosolve problems on oil shortage or oil price hikes. In order to ensure the national energy
supply security and sustainable energy development, Thailand’s energy policy has placed
greater emphasis on the efficient use of energy and the development of renewableenergy resources by enacting Energy Conservation Promotion Act and establishing
Energy Conservation Promotion Fund.
Recognizing the significance of sustainable energy, Thai government promulgated
Energy Conservation Promotion Act since 1992. The Law provide regulatory
framework for big energy-consuming facilities to improve their energy efficiency.
Energy building codes have been set to constrain the overuse of energy by prohibiting
poor heat transfer materials, poor lighting design, and poor air conditioning efficiency.
Financial support is crucial for the promotion of the efficient use of energy. In 1995,
Thai government established the ENCON Fund for supporting a great variety of projects,
ranging from projects on improvement of energy efficiency by using proventechnologies; projects on the demonstration and dissemination of renewable energy
technologies; research and development projects; to projects on enhancing a market ofrenewable energy technology equipment as well as projects on training and public
relations. Its revenues are derived from the premium rates imposed on domesticallysold petroleum.
In order to achieve greater tangible outcomes of the energy conservation policy, thegovernment has recently approved the “Strategic Energy Conservation Plan forCompetition”. The Plan comprises four main elements, namely: energy conservation,
renewable energy utilization, human resources development and public awarenesscampaign. Ambitious targets have been set to lessen the ratio of energy consumption
growth to GDP growth from 1.4 to 1.0 by the year 2010.

IV-2

2.2

Recent Trends of Building Management in Thailand
The following gives recent trends of building management presented by the ACE.
Energy Conservation in Buildings
Energy conservation in building sector is one of the main focuses since its energy
consumption accounts for over 20 percent of total energy demand and continues toincrease quite rapidly. In hot and humid climate like Thailand, enormous amount ofenergy is required to provide comfort to building occupants. Air conditioning,
ventilation, pumping and lighting entail a big chunk of electricity. It is obvious that
improving energy efficiency of buildings will, no doubt, slim down the size of energy
bills, not only for building owners but also for the country.
Substantial amount of energy savings for buildings can come from a good design.
Effective use of environment and surroundings to cool down the buildings will reducesignificant amount of air conditioning load and thus reduce the energy to be consumed.
Appropriate insulation and well-designed shading will definitely lower the transfer ofheat into the buildings. In addition, successful utilization and distribution of naturallighting can brighten up the workplace with little or no use of energy.
The strong relationship between building design and energy needs proves the importanceof Green Architecture. Research and development for new materials and newtechniques must continue to improve the way we design and build. Sharing experienceand transferring advanced and appropriate technologies will build up our knowledge aswell as strengthen our capacity in the area of Green Architecture.
Thai government is also in a process of drafting new Building Energy Code which will
be more stringent, but yet practical, with an aim to an end result of building performance.
The new code will have prescriptive requirements and overall requirement. Buildingarchitects are allowed to choose whether to comply with prescriptive or overallrequirement. This will give flexibility to be more creative on the use and integration ofenergy conservation techniques and materials for overall building performance. The
code is expected to be in effect by 2004.
There are many incentive and technical assistance programs provided to help building
owners and operators to improve their energy efficiency. Revolving fund (RF), forexample, provides a soft loan for investment that aims to reduce energy consumption inbuildings and industry. The RF program help reduce the cost of capital offering a fixedinterest rate of less than 4 percent over the length of loan period (less than 7 years).
Another program worth mentioning is the program called “Energy Conservation throughCooperative Efforts”. The program provides technical experts to help facilities
establish their energy conservation teams and supervise them to develop energy
conservation measures for their respective industry / building. Mainly the program will
target no-cost to low-cost measures and some routine housekeeping to minimize thewasteful use of energy.

IV-3

Tax incentive program is also under development. Ministry of Finance, Ministry ofEnergy and Ministry of Industry are working together to create a system to offer a
reduction of cooperate income tax based on their energy savings. The rational of
performance-based incentive is that energy savings consequently will transfer to profits
of the company and these profits should not be applicable for taxation. It is still underdiscussion the way to measure the energy savings that give accurate results at somedegree without troubling business practices.
Conclusion
Energy is essential for economic development. Energy Conservation in building sector
can play an important role for the sustainable development of the Country. Energy
conservation is the responsibility of everyone - from government to general public, fromarchitects to building owners, from building operators to building occupants. As allelements, policy, financing mechanisms, networking, technical & institutional capacities,
and public awareness are interrelated, sustainable energy would be difficult to achieve if
only some of these elements, not all, are promoted.

IV-4

3.
3.1

Follow-up Energy Audit on EGCO TOWER
EGCO TOWER Overview(1) Name of the building:

EGCO TOWER

Figure IV-3-1 EGCO TOWER Appearance(2) Located at:

222 Moo 5, Vibhavadi Rangsit Road, Tungsonghong,Laksi, Bangkok Thailand(3) Application:

Office (used by the company herself)(4) One story under and 18 stories above the groundTotal floor area:
33,587 m2 (including the parking space)Air-conditioned area:
12,430 m2
Area not air-conditioned: 7,532 m2
Parking area:
13,625 m2 (First to eighth stories)
Area used actually:
15,709 m2 (Applied as GFA to calculate energy use
efficiency)
Number of working persons in it: About 200 (This value is very low. A Japanesesimilar office building contains no less than 600
persons.)
Working hours:
8:00 to 17:00 (Monday to Friday)(5) Constructed in:

May 1998

IV-5

(6) Owned by:

EGCO (Electricity
Limited)Generating

PublicCompany(7) Building management:

Entrusted to Jones Lang LaSalle Inc. (The previous
audit was entrusted to First Pacific Davies Inc.)(8) Features of the buildingThis building is of a hexagonal shape to minimize the invasion of solar rays. The
curtain wall and glass are characterized by high thermal insulation. (Some walls are
made of aluminum alloy plates or three layers of laminated glass providing highthermal insulation.) Natural ventilation, and planting on the roof and surroundingsof building help reduce the ambient temperature. This building is designed bytaking thorough energy conservation into account.
Figure IV-3-2 Typical Story’s Plan (Divided Illuminated Zone)

Figure IV-3-3 Thermal Insulation System

IV-6

Figure IV-3-4 Natural Ambient Temperature Reduction(9) Equipment overview
1) Building automation system (BAS)Supports schedule control, running monitoring, trend display, and otherfunctions. (This system is equipped with no data logging function.)2) Electric equipmenta. Substation
Three transformers (1,600 kVA (24 kV/416 V) (including one spare)
Demand control: 500 kW (Mean electric power)b. Illumination capacity
Room:
291 kW
Outdoor: 13 kW
c. Elevators
Four elevators for guests (24 kW)
Two elevators for personnel and baggage (24 kW and 7.5 kW)
One elevator for wastes (4 kW)
One dumb waiter (1.5 kW)

IV-7

3) Air conditioninga. Chillers
Three turbo chillers (250 RT (172 kW))One auxiliary screw chiller: 150 RT (105 kW)
b. Additional chilling equipment
For the turbo chiller For the screw chiller
Cooled-water pump
22kW × 3
15kW × 1
Cooling water pump
18.5kW × 3
11kW × 1
Cooling tower
7.5kW × 3
4kW × 1c. Air conditioners
AHU: 11kW×3, 7.5kW×5, 5.5kW×9,4kW×5, 1.5kW×4
FCU: 3.7kW×9
Four packaged air conditioners (PAC): 20 kW
Three heat exchangers (Fresh-air intake fans): 15 kW
One heat exchanger (Pressured fan): 11 kW
d. Six ventilating fans: 28 kW
73 ventilating fans: 11 kW
4) Sanitation
Water reservoir
389 m3
Top water reservoir
158 m3
Water supply pump
37 kW(330GPM × 295ft)
Pressured pump
5.5 kW
Water discharge pump
10 kW (Four pumps), a. Water supply equipment
3.2

Outlined Results of the Previous Audit(1) The audit was carried out on December 12 (Tuesday) to 14 (Thursday), 2000.
(2) Diagnosed by: Energy Conservation Center, Japan
International Engineering Department
Yasuhumi Serizawa (General manager)
Yasuo Furusawa (Technical expert)(3) Outlined results of the audit
1) The chiller and the water supply pump have problems caused by excessive
capacity. Only one chiller (250 RT) is enough to fulfill appropriate
requirements. Three chillers are unnecessary. One chiller (250 RT) provides
total cooling capability of 23 kcal/h square meters. The capability can beconverted into a target cooled area of 51 kcal/h square meters. One chiller can
totally cover very low cooling load of 23 kcal/h square meters. This building is
excellent in energy conservation performance. No more than 1.3 hour operationof the water supply pump (rated at 37 kW) a day can fulfill appropriate

IV-8requirements. A required daily volume of about 100 cubic meters of supply
water can be covered by a pump rated at 7.5 to 15 kW. Currently, the pump is
run only during the night when an inexpensive electric power charge is applied,causing no significant problems.
2) The additional chilling equipment is run under full capacity. The cooled water
pump is driven by a motor which is rated at 22 kW and receives input power of
23.8 kW. The cooling water pump is driven by a motor which is rated at 18.5
kW and receives input power of 19.2 kW. This data tells that the cooling water
pump is not provided with sufficient capacity in comparison with Japan.
3) In the lighting, enough energy conservation is implemented. For example, thelighting area is sectioned and day light is utilized positively. The lighting is 600
to 700 lux in a light area, being considerably lower than in Japan. The lights of
the unused rooms are turned off nearly completely.
(4) Proposed measures for energy conservation
1) Reduction of the period of chiller operation
The cooled water pipe contains a large volume of water (30 cubic meters
possibly equivalent to 50 to 100 RT). This requires a pre-cooling period for
decreasing the temperature of water in the pipe that has been increased during
night. Although the hotel is opened at 8:30, the chiller is started at 5:30. This
start is too early. The chiller should be started one hour to one hour and a halflater than the present starting time. Since the cooled water in the pipe has
accumulated cooled heat, it is recommended to reduce cooled watertemperature by full chiller operation in advance before closing of the building,and using such cooled water completely to the temperatures of 15 to 18°C to
get 300 Mcal (30 cubic meters × 10°C). By application of this method, thechiller could be stopped nearly one hour earlier. If the period of chiller running
could be reduced by two hours at the time of the start and stop, we would get:Amount of energy conservation = (95 kW (chiller) + 50 kW (additional
chilling equipment)) × 2 hr/d × 20 d/m = 5.8 MWh/m
2) Increasing the (room) cooling temperature (in summer) by 2°C (from 24 to26°C) would reduce the energy relating to the thermal source by 20 percent. We
would get:Amount of energy conservation = 48.5 MWh/m × 0.2 (reduction of 20
percent) = 9.7 MWh/m
3) Turn-off of lights during a lunch breakTurn-off of lights during a lunch break would lead to a reduction in lighting
power, as well as in the cooling load. Turn-off of 50 percent of room lights forone hour during a lunch break would provide:
Amount of energy conservation = 130 kW × 0.5 (50 percent) × 1 hr/d × 20
d/m = 1.3 MWh/m
Taking above measures 1), 2) and 3) would result in a reduction in power

IV-9

4)

5)

6)

7)

3.3

consumption of 16.8 MWh/m. This value is equivalent to 12.5 percent ofenergy conservation against the total energy consumption of 134.2 MWh/m. In
addition, as the charge of electric power use is 6.55 yen/kWh, the hotel could
reduce costs by about 1.30 million yen per year.
Suitable voltage setup
A somewhat higher voltage is set since the occupancy rate of the building isabout 60 percent. The transformer tapping or the capacitance (in particular, forlighting) should be adjusted to keep a suitable voltage value. Furthermore, thisadjustment would contribute to more effective energy conservation.
Demand control
The trend chart (Figure 6) for transformer 2 (MDB1B) on December 7, 2000
tells that the maximum load occurs owing to the elevator load during a lunch
break. In such a case, the chiller should be fully run before a lunch break to
reduce water temperature (in the pipe). It should be stopped during a lunch
break of 30 to 40 minutes when the maximum load occurs. And only thecooled-water pump should be run, (and in some cases, some of the air
conditioners should be stopped). For implementing this proposal, they shouldmake a trend chart for transformers 1 and 2 and check their loads.
Control the number of elevators to be run
The building elevators are run most frequently during office-going andoffice–leaving, and a lunch break. In the other time zones when the elevator areused less frequently, the number of running elevators should be reduced toenable more effective energy conservation.
Reduction in night loads
According to the trend chart, the situation of night loads should be examined tostop the useless loads as much as possible. Reducing night loads would
contribute to more effective energy conservation even if their capacity (kW) is
low.

Results of Implementing Previous Proposals(1) EGCO Ltd. overview
EGCO (Electricity Generating Public Company Limited) was founded by EGAT(Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand) in May 1992 as the first independent
power producer (IPP: Independent Power Producer) in Thailand. This power
generating subsidiary is owned completely by EGAT. EGCO purchased two power
plants (rated at 2,056 MW) from EGAT, and invested in domestic and overseas
power generation projects. It is the biggest IPP in Thailand, providing power
generation capacity of 2,800 MW. EGCO has been involved actively in electric
power development in overseas countries such as Laos. It is one of the mostprofitable firms in Thailand, with sales being 15 billion bahts (about 42 billion

IV-10

dollars) and the profit being 6 billion baths (about 16 billion dollars).
(2) Interviewees: EGCO
Ms. Prapaporn Virojsaengtong (Vice President – Administration & Services)
Mr. Saksit Suntharekanon (Assistant Vice President - Engineering)A few staff members of Jones Lang LaSalle as the appointed management firm(3) Implementation of the previously proposed items
We were surprised that 100 percent of the previously proposed items except theunnecessary ones had been implemented. The following describes the contents ofthis implementation.
1) Reduction in the period of chiller running
Implemented. The running period has been reduced from 13 hours (5:00 to
18:00) to 11 hours (6:00 to 17:00).
2) Increase of 2°C in the set cooling temperature
Implemented. This temperature has been increased from 24 to 25°C by one
degree C.
* We had recommended that the temperature be increased from 24 to 26°C by
2°C.
3) Turn-off of lights during a lunch break
Implemented. The lighting schedule is controlled automatically by the BAS
system. The lighting service time in the building is 6:45 (8:00 (office time)) to
19:00.
4) Suitable voltage setup
This is not required (because a suitable voltage has already been set).
5) Demand control
Implemented. (Reduced gradually from the first stage.) Changing the periods ofchiller and pump running has allowed the monthly mean peak demand to be
reduced from 560 kW to 460 kW. Should a peak demand of 500 kW beexceeded, the demand is so controlled as to cut lower-priority loads (including
fountains, water treatment pumps and exhaust fans).

IV-11

Figure IV-3-5 Demand Reduction

Peak Demand
800
750
1999y
2000y
2001y
2002y
2003y
2004y

700
kW

650
600
550
500
450
400
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

6) Control over the number of running elevators
This is not required. The EGCO Tower’s elevators are group-controlled, withpower consumption minimized.
7) Reduction in night loads
Implemented.
Example: A yoga class held on Monday evening in each week is cooled by a
fan rather than an air conditioner.
3.4

Results of Energy Audit(1) Historical development of EGCO TOWER’s power consumption
Figure IV-3-6 illustrates the historical development of EGCO TOWER’s annual
power consumption. In 2000 when the first audit was carried out, the power
consumption was reduced in comparison with the previous year. The power
consumption has been further reduced.

IV-12

Figure IV-3-6 Historical Development of Annual Power Consumption

MWhAnnual Electricity Consumption
2,100
1,900
1,700
1,500
1,300
1,100
900
700
500
300
100

1,873
1,672

1999y

2000y

1,546

1,544

1,541

2001y

2002y

2003y

(2) Monthly power consumption
Figure IV-3-7 illustrates the historical development of monthly power consumption
from December 1998 to March 1999. Generally speaking, the power consumption is
reduced in every month.
Figure IV-3-7 Historical Development of Monthly Power Consumption

MWhMonthly Electricity Consumption
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

1999y
2000y
2001y
2002y
2003y
2004y

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC(3) Evaluations of EGCO TOWER’s energy use efficiency
The energy use efficiency index (EFF index) is annual power consumption divided
by an actually used area of 15,709 m2. Thailand’s code tells that the EFF index is

IV-13

150 kWh/yr/m2. EGCO TOWER’s EFF index is 106 in 2000, and 98 in 2003, being
very good.
Figure IV-3-8 Historical Development of the EFF Index

EfF Index
ｋWh/yr/m 2
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Thai
Code

1999y 2000y

2001y 2002y 2003yyear(4) Other energy conservation activities
The EGCO Tower building itself supports high energy conservation performance.
The staff members of this firm are also engaged in enlightenment activities using
adhesive labels and corporate E-mail messages in order to encourage energy
conservation. (See Figures IV-3-8 and IV-3-9.)
Those activities consist of extinction of unnecessary lamps, and restrictions ofelevator use when he/she goes to the adjacent upper story.

IV-14

Figure IV-3-8 Enlightenment Using Adhesive Labels

Figure IV-3-9 Enlightenment Using E-mail messages

3.5

Problems and Measures for the Promotion of Energy Conservation(1) Problems in the promotion of energy conservation
EGCO Tower features high energy conservation efficiency, and has deployedexcellent energy conservation activities. We can understand the fact that they got
the ASEAN best-practice building award. An interviewee, Ms. Prapaporn
Virojsaengtong (Vice President – Administration % Services), was also interviewed
during the audit in 2000. We suppose that she has been involved actively in energy
conservation activities. Energy conservation activities that make use of IT

IV-15

technologies including E-mail message delivery to all staff members can be rarely
found in Japan.
We could find few problems in this building, which is well equipped and hasembarked positively on energy conservation activities.
(2) Measures for the promotion of energy conservation
A new management firm has been employed for energy management. The
electricity and machine rooms are cleaned and arranged well, with no failed
equipment left. The new firm, Jones Lang LaSalle, also seems to be excellent
management firm like the previous one.
In the ASEAN buildings including the ones in Thailand, We have often been
bothered by a very insufficient measured data. The data which we could access are
only the data of total electric power and water usages relating to payment. We havefound difficulties with data that are usable to check equipment for efficient
operation, and to understand and analyze temporal and systematic energy
application to machines. BAS data is not well collected and, therefore, cannot beutilized for the energy application analysis.
Equipment significantly varies in its efficiency depending on its operation mode.
This building should be advised of that the data measurement and analyses areimportant for the energy conservation.

IV-16

4.
4.1

About the Result of the Workshop
OutlineForty-five people participated in the workshop. About the building-related activities,
Thailand gave three presentations and other ASEAN countries also gave threepresentations. EGCO Tower gave a presentation on the results of the energy conservation
activities. Our experts carried out a follow-up survey for the activities and made thepresentation including the results of the follow-up survey. The presentation was very
good. There were many questions and discussions in the workshop, allowing the people
working in the field of buildings to exchange their opinions and information. The
workshop fulfilled its objects successfully.
In the workshop, the participants from Thailand gave presentations in Thai since it waseasier for the Thai people who are majority of the participants. We and the people fromother ASEAN countries used English to make presentations. The DEDE people
occasionally summarized the presentations and discussions in English. However, thismethod needs some modification since the participants from other ASEAN countries or
us could not understand very well.

4.2

Discussion on the Survey Results (Obstacles in Performing and Disseminating
Energy Conservation Measures and Countermeasures)
The results of the surveys were reported to the people of EGCO Tower in a separate
occasion. The details are not discussed here since they are described elsewhere in thisreport.

4.3

Policy on Creating the Technical Directory
We explained the basic idea of the Technical Directory and some suggested items to bepresented in the Technical Directory at the workshop and received an agreement for their
preparation from the participants. The features are as follows:• Include the technologies that are suitable for Southeast Asia and those that have been
recommended by Japanese experts or those actually used in Japan.
• Include successful examples of the above.
• Prepare the basic format that can be easily expanded or changed in the future basedon the above.
Our suggestions were agreed upon. We found that DEDE had lots of information
including the successful examples.
We discussed and checked the work to be done in Thailand. We asked Thai people toprovide the data and information (buildings and industries), which owned by DEDE,
according to the sample formats which ECCJ was going to provide. The data andinformation were written in Thai which is a problem for us. However, we asked Thailand

IV-17

to prepare the appropriate data. It is highly possible that these data and information canbe effectively used in ASEAN countries. We plan to investigate the contents of those dataand information in detail.
Workshop Program in Thailand
08.00 – 08.30

Registration

08.30 – 08.35

Opening Statement

Dr. Weerawat Chantanakome
Executive Director, ASEAN Centre for Energy

08.35 – 08.40

Opening Statement

Mr. Yoshida Kazuhiko,
General Manager, ECCJ

08.40 – 08.45

Keynote Address & Welcome Remarks

Ms. Pranee Rintaravitoon

Deputy Director General, DEDE
08.45 – 09.00

Coffee Break & Photo session

Session I :Policies and Programs on Energy Conservation

09.00 – 09.20

Energy Conservation Policy and Programs of Thailand
Mr. Pravit Teetakaew, Executive Director, DEDE

09.20 – 09.40

Japan’s Energy Conservation Programs

Mr. Yoshida Kazuhiko

Energy Conservation Centre, Japan
09.40 – 10.00

Question and Answer

Session II :Energy Conservation Best Practices for Buildings in Thailand

10.00 – 10.30

Experience and Application of Energy Conservation in EGCO Hotel

10.30 – 11.00

Experience and Application of Energy Conservation in Shinawatra
University

11.00 – 11.30

Experience and Application of Energy Conservation in Mike ShoppingMall

11.30 – 12.00

Question and Answer

12.00 – 13.00

Lunch BreakSession III :Energy Conservation Best Practices for Buildings in ASEAN Countries

13.00 – 13.30

UTM Building of Malaysia Ms. Azah Ahmad, Ptm, Malaysia

13.30 – 14.00

Alexandra Hospital Building of Singapore

14.00 – 14.30

Indonesian Buildings and Air Conditioning Unit Equipped with Heat

Mr. Stewart Tai

Pipe for Tropical Building Mr. John Budi
14.30 – 15.00

Question and Answer

15.30 – 16.00

Coffee BreakSession IV :The Way Forward

16.00 – 16.20

Development of Technical Directory by ECCJ

16.20 – 16.35

Development of Local Database / Benchmark / Guideline by ECCJ

16.35 – 17.00

Closing Statement

IV-18

4.4

Discussion for Establishing the Database, Benchmarks, and Guidelines inThailandIn the workshop, we explained the basic idea including how the system worked. We also
asked the DEDE people about the activities performed by Thailand on a separate
occasion. The results are as follows:(1) Energy conservation system in Thailand
The energy conservation in Thailand is regulated by Energy Conservation
Promotion Act B.E. 2535 which was established in 1992 and enforced in 1995. The
details about buildings are described in Royal Decree on Designated Buildings B.E.
2538 and Ministerial Regulation B.E. 2538.
The main points are as follows:• The target buildings are those with 1,000 kW or 1,175 kVA or greatertransformer capacity.
• The monthly energy data on the designated buildings must be checked every six
months by the energy manager (Person Responsible for Energy (PRE)) andsubmitted.
• There are about 1,800 applicable buildings (reference: the number of factories tohave similar responsibilities is about 2,600).
(2) About the database, benchmarks, and guidelines
DEDE collects the energy data about each of the designated buildings based on theabove regulation. Then DEDE input the data into their database and creates
benchmarks.
Feedback reports are sent to the designated buildings. The outline of a feedback
report is as follows:• There are six categories for buildings in terms of how they are used (hotel,
hospital, department store, office, school, and other types)• The Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) is used as the evaluation index ofenergy consumption.
SEC Total (total energy consumption): MJ/m2
SEC e (electric energy): kWh/m2 (the energy is converted to MJ considering 1
kWh = 3.6 MJ)
Sec f (fuel): MJ/m2• The data is analyzed and the following three index values are then reported.
Average: Average in each category of data
Target: Top 25%
Benchmark: Top level value• The reports consist of the following items to be submitted by the designatedIV-19

buildings:
1) Outline of the building
2) Monthly energy consumption and monthly fuel consumption for generators
3) Working ratio of the building4) Energy conservation activities• Signature of PRE
The system of feedback reporting started in 2002.

IV-20

V.

The Philippines

1.

Activity Overview
In the Philippines, we carried out a follow-up survey at Tower One & Exchange Plaza, anda simple energy audit at DPC Place. These buildings are used for business. We also held aworkshop.
The following gives a list of participants and task records.
Participants from the International Engineering Department of the Energy Conservation
Center, Japan (ECCJ)- Kazuhiko Yoshida (General Manager)- Akira Kobayashi (Technical Expert)- Yohichi Kita (Technical Expert)
Task records

Date
November 7
SundayNovember 8
MondayNovember 9
November 10

Tuesday
Wednesday

November 11

Thursday

November 12
November 13

FridaySaturdayDescription
Left Bangkok, and arrived at Manila.
Carried out a follow-up survey at Tower One & Exchange
Plaza.
Carried out a simple survey at DPC Place.
Arranged the results of the audit.
Reported the results of the follow-up survey at Tower One& Exchange Plaza.
Reported the results of the simple survey at DPC Place.
Made discussions with relevant DOE personnel(to generate databases, benchmarks and guidelines, andcreate a technical directory).
Held a workshop.
Left Manila for Japan.

We carried out the follow-up survey at Tower One & Exchange Plaza, a business buildingthat had carried out the energy audit in March 2002. The follow-up survey consists of:- pre-sending a questionnaire;- letting building staff respond with the achievements of taking its own measures andmeasures for more effective energy conservation particularly recommended by Japaneseexperts;- acquiring data on latest energy application; and- investigating into and checking the data at the site.
The energy audit used the conventional approach consisting of:- pre-sending a questionnaire;- letting building staff collect data and information necessary for the energy audit; and- measuring and checking the data at the site during the actual investigation based on the
OJT scheme to secure technological migration.
The workshop was attended by 88 persons including members of universities and building

V-1

related organizations, civil building managers, and ESCO’s staff members. The number ofattendants recorded the highest value among the workshops of this year. The workshop
ended successfully after very active discussions.
2.

Recent Trends of Energy Conservation and Building Management in thePhilippines

2.1

Trends of Energy Conservation in the Philippines
The following gives recent trends presented by the ACE.
Energy Supply Mix (2003)
The Philippines is heavily dependent on imported fuel as energy source. Local
energy sources are: (a) Natural Gas; (b) Coal; (c) Geothermal; (d) Hydro; (e)Biomass; (f) New & Renewable Energy of Solar and Wind; (g) Fuel Oil and (h)Coal. Table below shows the percent share of energy source demand.

Fuel Oil & Oil Products
Natural Gas
Coal
Geothermal
Hydro
Biomass, NRE
TOTAL

Energy Supply Mix (2003) MMBFOE
Local Energy Source
Imported Energy Source
4.71
1.7%
116.66
42%
17.06
6.15%
6.5
2.34%
21.83
7.89%
16.94
6.1%
13.57
4.9%
80.29
28.92%
139.0750.11%
138.4949.89%

Energy Program
The energy program of the country is directed towards one of the five point agenda forreform by the present government. These are (1) economic growth and job creation; (2)anti corruption through good government; (3) energy independence; (4) social justice;and (5) education and youth opportunity.
To be able to reduce dependence on imported fuel, the government shall pursue thefollowing:- increase indigenous oil and gas reserves;- aggressively develop renewable energy potential such as biomass, solar, wind andocean resources;- increase use of alternative fuels- form strategic alliance with other countries- strengthen and enhance energy efficiency and conservation program
Transport Sector

V-2

The transport sector is the most badly affected by increase in international fuel price.
This is due to the reason that the oil industry is deregulated and can adjust fuel prices
accordingly. Diesel Fuel is used mostly by the public transport sector and the oilcompanies give discount for diesel fuel purchase of public transport vehicles.
To be able to lessen effect of world price increase of fuel oil to public transport, thegovernment is promoting the use of natural gas fuel for public buses. The NGV bus shallserve the main bus route of Metro Manila. To date, two (2) NGV buses are used fordemonstration to bus companies and the public commuters to accept this new type of bus
using alternative fuel. A mother station for Compressed Natural Gas Filling Station wasrecently inaugurated. Sister stations for CNG Filling Station will soon be put up in the
Manila Metropolis.
Another program to ease effect of fuel price increase is the use of bio-fuel. The
government is promoting the use of coco-methyl ester or CME as blend for diesel fuel.
Currently, a 1% CME blended diesel fuel is used by government vehicles and encourage
the motoring public the use of this bio-fuel.
Current gasoline and diesel fuel prices are as follows:
Gasoline – US$ 0.5454 per liter
Diesel – US$ 0.4545 per liter
Diesel with discount – US$ 0.4364 per liter
Electric PowerThe country’s peak demand grew from 7,721 MW in 2002 to 8,204 MW by the end of
2003. Total installed electric generating capacity is at 15,124 MW as of 2003.
Coal fired power plants remained the dominant type of power plant accounting for26.2%. Oil based power plants comprised 23.8% of capacity mix.
Consequently, Hydro power plants became the highest indigenous resource with a shareof 18.9% closely followed by Natural Gas power plants at 18.3%. Geothermal power
plant capacity is at 12.8% of the power capacity mix.
Electric power utility follows a complicated billing scheme known as unbundled rates.
Aside from the usual power demand and energy consumption, several other factors are
considered in the electric bill, i.e. primary voltage level, load factor, system loss, subsidy,
etc. Also, electricity price is different among the different places of the country which aremostly island grids. However, a dominant utility company in the national capital region
covers most of the Luzon area and their electricity price can be used as the reference rate.
Small residential electricity price is subsidized. The subsidizing commercial andindustrial companies give different subsidies according to the size of the factory.
Electricity Rates
Subsidized residential rate - US$ 0.0636 per kWh
Residential- US$ 0.127 per kWh
Commercial- US$ 0.118 per kWh
Industrial (High Load Factor)- US$ 0.09 per kWh

V-3

Note: Preceding electricity rates are typical for each sector and it considered the overall
cost including discounts and taxes.
Industrial/Commercial Sector
Energy used in the industrial sector is mostly electricity and Bunker C oil. Somecompanies use Diesel fuel especially in commercial buildings like hotels and small andmedium enterprises. Furthermore, other commercial establishments use Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG) for heat energy requirement.
The sugar mills generate their own electricity requirement. They also use their own
agricultural waste as fuel. The coconut industry also uses agri-waste fuel but not forelectricity generation rather it is used for heat energy requirement. A few large industrial
companies of cement, paper, glass and textile are self generating electricity using diesel
engine generating sets.
Residential
Energy in the residential sector are electricity, LPG and some kerosene. In agriculturalareas, however, they use biomass fuel, like wood and agri-waste fuel. In areas outside
main electricity grids, photovoltaic systems were installed. In other areas, lamp oil isused for evening lighting and dry cell batteries for electric power.
Future Requirement
Additional generating capacity is required for the coming years. By 2008, about 300 MW
additional capacity is required and there are about 393 MW of power generation projects
using either renewable or conventional oil already committed. However, further
electricity demand increase is expected in 2010 and no committed power projects weredeveloped yet.

2.2

Trends of Building Management in the Philippines
The following gives recent trends presented by the ACE.

V-4

3.
3.1

Follow-up Audit on Tower One & Exchange Plaza
Tower One & Exchange Plaza Overview(1) Name of the building: Tower One & Exchange Plaza(2) Application:

Business building(3) Four stories under and 35 stories above the groundTotal floor area: 105,685 m2
Parking area:
37,525 m2(4) Constructed in: 1995
(5) Air conditioning equipmenta. Freezer
Chillers: 600 × 3 units, 400 × 1 unit
Cooled water pumps: 55 kW × 3 units, 37.5 kW × 1 unit
Cooling water pumps: 55 kW × 3 units, 45 kW × 1 unit
b. Air-conditioning system
Lower and medium stories (4th to 23rd stories): Fan coil unit and external
controller (49,040 m3/h × 2 units), Heat exchanger (80,080 m3/h)Higher stories (24th to 35th stories): VAV system, air conditioners (151,870
m3/h × 2 units), Heat exchanger (20,440 m3/h)

V-5

(6) Electric equipmenta. Substation: Received voltage: 34.5 kV
Four substations (2,500 kVA), Automatic power factor adjuster
Five emergency generators (1,250 kW)
b. Lights:
T8 lamps (3 × 17 W) for the business room zone
c. Elevators
For lower stories: 40 kW × 3 units
For medium stories: 45 kW × 4 units
For higher stories: 30 kW × 3 units
For high-speed operation: 56 kW × 2 units
For services: 49 kW × 1 unit
For the stories under the ground: 39 kW × 3 units(7) Energy management system
The BEMS (Building Energy Management System) is installed to control mainly air
conditioning, illumination and ventilation.
3.2

Outlined Results of the Audit in 2002
(1) The audit was carried out on March 14 and 15, 2002.
(2) Audited by:

Energy Conservation Center, Japan
Yuh Isome (Technical expert) and Akira Kobayashi (Technicalexpert)(3) Outlined results of the audit
1) High-level energy management by APMC
The facilities are managed by APMC (Ayala Property Management
Corporation). This corporation provides high management capability,
performing excellent energy management. The following gives concrete dataon management and improvement.
① The temperature of the cooled water outlet in the freezer is set properly in
conformity to seasonal requirements.
② The lighting in the common zone is controlled based on the time.
③ The following measures for improvement have already been taken.
- The inlet vanes for two air conditioners are controlled by inverters.
- The fan is controlled by an inverter.
- Incandescent lamps rated at 40 W in the common zones in the first to
23rd stories are changed to compact fluorescent lamps rated at 8 W.
- Light adjusters are installed in the 25th to 34th stories.
- Fluorescent lamps rated at 40W2 in the second to forth levels under the
ground are replaced by fluorescent lamps rated at 40W1 includingV-6

reflecting plates.
- The period of chiller operation is improved.
- The period of operation of ventilating fans in the parking area is
improved.
- The period of illumination in the common and parking areas isimproved.
- Water taps are provided with water savers.
The following gives the measures that are taken currently and that will be takenin the near future.
a. To use inverters to control the chiller’s cooled water pump and the coolingwater pump (During construction. This will lead to a reduction of 26,900
kWh/h)
b. To use balls to clean the chiller’s condensation pipe (During construction.
This will lead to a reduction of 11 percent in chiller power.)c. To change guide lamps to high-brightness guide lamps (Power will bedecreased from 10 W to 1.5 W. This will result in a reduction of 1,800
kW/m.)
2) Two proposed items for improvement
As described above, the management is performed properly. We have, however,proposed the following two items according to a site patrol investigation.
① To close the direct intake damper for AHU-1 and 2 to reduce energy
consumption
Air conditioners AHU-1 and AHU-2 that supply external air to lower andmedium stories of the fourth to 23rd should introduce all external air via aheat exchanger as per the normal procedure. With the site damper opened,however, external air is introduced without flowing through a heatexchanger. This prevents a heat exchanger from being utilized suitably forthe energy conservation. We propose that the direct air intake damper
should be closed.
② To increase the set temperature in the room by 2 °F from 75 °F (23.9°C) to
77 °F (25.0°C)
This increase will make it possible to reduce cooling power by about 10
percent.
3.3

Follow-up Survey on the Previous Proposal
The following gives the results of the follow-up survey for the items proposed previously
in 2002.

V-7

(1) To close the direct intake damper for AHU-1 and 2 to reduce energy consumption
External air was introduced directly without flowing through a heat exchanger
because the heat exchanger was failed (the motor is out of order and the V belt has
defects) and did not work well. It was reported that they were preparing for the
repair work at that time and the work would be completed within that month.
(2) To increase the set temperature in the room by 2 °F from 75 °F (23.9°C) to 77 °F(25.0°C)
The building’s staff reported that an attempt for this increase had been canceledowing to a complaint from a tenant.
Results of Energy Audit(1) Trend of energy consumption
Electric power and LPG are used as energy for the building. LPG is applied tocooking, and occupies merely 0.5 percent of total energy. Our investigation focusedon electric power consumption.
1) The trend of monthly power consumption for three years
The chart below illustrates the trend of monthly power consumption for the
past three years and for January to September in 2004. In December of every
year, electric power consumption is reduced in comparison with the othermonths possibly because of low air temperature and holidays including
Christmas in those months. This chart indicates that energy consumption is
reduced from 2001 to 2003. The next chart compares annual total power
consumption.

Monthly Electricity consumption 2001y-2003y
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000

2001
2002
2003
2004

1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000

V-8

Dec

Nov

Oct

Sep

Aug

Jul

Jun

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

1,000,000
Jan

kWh

3.4

2) Electric power consumption and office occupancy rate for the three years
The bar chart below compares annual power consumption against 2001 (100percent). Electric power consumption is reduced by 8 percent in 2002, and by
11 percent in 2003, showing a steady reduction over the years. The broken-line
chart below illustrates the rate of building occupation for the three years. In
2003, this rate is increased in comparison with 2002, while electric power
consumption is reduced. This tells that efforts for energy conservation haveproduced fruits.

102%
100%
98%
96%
94%
92%
90%
88%
86%
84%
82%

100%
97%

92%

94%
89%

92%

2001y

2002y

98%
97%
96%
95%
94%
93%
92%
91%
90%
89%

Electricity
Consumption
Occupancy Rate

2003y3) Monthly electric power conservation in the common and tenant area
The chart below shows monthly electric power consumption in the tenant andcommon area in 2003. The power consumption in tenant area is rarely changed
monthly, while the power consumption in common area including heat sourceis changed monthly owing to effects of atmospheric temperature.

2003 Common Area & Tenant Area
Electricity Consumption (Common:64%,Tenant:36%)
1,000,000

600,000

CommonTenant400,000
200,000

V-9

Ju
l
Au
g
Se
p
O
ct
No
v
De
c

0
Ja
n
Fe
b
M
ar
Ap
r
M
ay
Ju
n

kWh

800,000

4) Energy consumption ratio by use
The pie chart below illustrates the Energy consumption ratio by use identified
during the investigation in 2002. This is nearly the same as the ones ofJapanese office buildings.

Towre One 2002 Report
Energy Consumption Ratio by Use

Other
25%

Heat Source
25%

Heat Delivery
14%
Lighting andOutlets
36%5) Monthly water usage
The chart below shows monthly water usage for the past three years. The
values for August to October in 2001 are apparently abnormal in comparison
with the other years. Looking into monthly values in 2002 tells that meanvalues are not significantly changed monthly. November in 2003 marked thepeak value possibly because of a particular event.

Water Consumption 2001y-2003y
25,00020,000
2001
2002
2003
2004

10,000
5,000

V-10

Dec

Nov

Oct

Sep

Aug

Jul

Jun

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

0
Jan

m3

15,000

6) Changes in water usage for the three years
The chart below compares annual water usage for the three years. The value in2002 is 95 percent, and that in 2003 is 79 percent against 2001 (100 percent).
This reduction apparently reflects installed tap water savers, and utilized
air-conditioner drain water.

Water Consumption 2001t-2003y
120%
100%

100%

95%
79%

%

80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
2001y

2002y

2003y

(2) Evaluations of energy consumption
1) Differences in temperature between the Philippines and Tokyo
To evaluate energy consumption by this building, we refer to Japanese data
because we have no comparable data of the Philippines. To understandconditions of ambient temperature that significantly affect air-conditioning
energy consumption, we have got data on monthly average temperature in thePhilippines (Manila) and Tokyo.

Philippines & Tokyo Temperature
35.0

20.0
15.0

Philippines
Tokyo

10.0
5.0

V-11

Ｄｅｃ

Ｎｏｖ

Ｏｃｔ

Ｓｅｐ

Ａｕｇ

Ｊｕｌ

Ｊｕｎ

Ｍａｙ

Ａｐｒ

Ｍａｒ

Ｆｅｂ

0.0
Ｊａｎ

℃

30.0
25.0

2) Energy efficiency by Japanese building applications
Data offered by Energy Conservation Center provides the following energy
efficiency index for Japanese building applications. The value for a businessbuilding is 2,180 MJ/m2.

Energy Efficiency Index for building applications

0

500

1000

MJ/m2
1500 2000 2500

3000

3500

4000

1510
1583

Administrative office
School2180
2228

Business building
Hall

2943
3238
3430
3437

Supermarket
Hotel
Department
Hospital(3) Comparison of Tower One with a Japanese business building
Energy consumption by Tower One is evaluated using the Japanese average value
presented by the Energy Conservation Center.
To convert Japanese MJ into corresponding kWh, we use 1 kWh = 9.8 MJ taking
account of Japanese power generation efficiency, though the physical formula
indicates 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ.
For energy conservation, compared with the Japanese value, in case that a total
floor area includes parking area, the energy efficiency index of this building is 66.9
percent of the Japanese one. In case that the floor area excludes a parking area, it is103.8 percent. In the consideration of the annual high temperature and the fact thatJapanese data also covers the parking area, it can be said that this building is
operated and managed efficiently for the energy conservation.

V-12

Electric power consumed by Tower One in 2003
Total floor area ①
Total floor area (excluding the parking area) ②
Tower One (Total) ①
Tower One (excluding the parking area) ②
Japanese business building
Coefficient used to convert MJ into corresponding kWh
Japanese business building ③①/③②/③

15,734,250 kWh
105685 m2
68160 m2
148.9 kWh/m2
230.8 kWh/m2
2180 MJ/m2
1/9.8
222.4 kWh/m2
66.9%
103.8%

The chart below illustrates the consumption of energy per unit area.
Energy efficiency index
230.8

250.0

222.4

kWh/m2

200.0
150.0

148.9

100.0
50.0
0.0
Tower One(Total)

Tower One (Excluding Japanese businessthe parking area)building(4) Proposals for improvement
This building is characterized by excellent energy management and positive
activities for energy conservation, producing high achievements as shown above.
After the site patrol and data analyses, we proposed the following three points for
future improvement.
1) Data analyses utilizing the BAS
This building is provided with the BAS (Building Automation System) andwell controls air-conditioning. It has not, however, implemented active energy
management for electricity. Measuring power consumption of every air
conditioner by each feeder and analyzing the measured data would contributeto further energy conservation.
2) Changes in cooled water temperature settings
The chart below shows cooled water outlet temperatures of the three chillers
referred from their operation records on October 28, 2004. (Chillers Nos. 2, 3

V-13

and 4 are run.) The problem consists in the facts that the average cooled wateroutlet temperature is very low (43.3 °F (6.3°C)) and that the averagetemperature difference between forward and return flowing is also very low(6.0 °F (3.3°C)). (See the chart below.)
In the season such as October when light loads are applied, setting the cooled
water temperature to a higher value would produce no significant effects on air
conditioning. This setting would lead to more efficient chiller running, withenergy conservation. We recommend that the cooled water temperature be set
to a higher value in the months of light loads season.

54
52
50
48
46
44
42
40
7:
00
8:
00
9:
0
10 0
:0
11 0
:0
12 0
:0
0
13
:0
14 0
:0
15 0
:0
0
16
:0
17 0
:0
18 0
:0
0

F

Chiller Oct 28 2004
#2 Chilled Leaving
Temp. F
#2 Chilled Return
Temp. F
#3 Chilled Leaving
Temp. F
#3 Chilled Return
Temp. F
#4 Chilled Leaving
Temp. F
#4 Chilled Return
Temp. F

Electric power consumed in 2003

15,734,250 kWh

Chiller percentage
Electric power consumed by the chiller

0.25
3,933,563 kWh

Power percentage for nine months
Rate of reduction effects
Reduction
Share in total electric power

0.6
7 ％165,210 kWh
1.1%

V-14

Oct 28 2004
F
Chilled Leaving Temp Ave
Chilled Return Temp Ave
Recommend

43.3
49.3

C
6.0

F
47.3
9.0
56.3

Chilled Leaving Temp Ave
Chilled Return Temp Ave

6.3
9.6

3.3

C
8.5
13.5

5.0

Leaving Temp 43.3F (6.3 oC) →47.3F (8.5 oC)∆T=4F(2.2C)
Effect7 %The light load season is assumed the nine months (excluding three months fromMarch to May) when the air temperature is relatively low. If we assume that 7
percent is the improvement of efficiency achieved by changing cooled watertemperature settings from 43.3 °F (6.3°C) to 47.3 °F (8.5°C), the above tablecalculates a power consumption reduction. The reduction rate in the total power
consumption is 1.1 percent.
3) Checking of the number of running chillers
The chart below gives data on the opened slide valve of the chiller identified
referred from the chiller operation records on October 28, 2004. (The chillingcapability of each of chiller, Nos. 2 and 3 is 600 RT, while the one of chiller No.
4 is 400 RT.)
During start-up, each of chillers 2 and 3 is opened by 85 percent, while chiller
4 by 44 percent. This means that, for nearly three hours from the start ofrunning, full operation of chillers 2 and 3 may cover the entire cooling load
without running chiller 4. After ten o’clock, chiller 4 is run by 70 percent,which indicates the three chillers should be operated.
The careful study of the number of running chillers in the stage where airtemperature is low will lead to more effective energy usage for the pump, thecooling tower, and other auxiliary equipment.
The current BAS system can determine the optimum number of runningchillers by means of thermal calculations. We propose the installation of such a
BAS system.

V-15

Chiller Oct 28 2004 Slide Valve %100
80#2 Slide Valve#3 Slide Valve#4 Slide Valve

%

60
40
20

17
:00

15
:00

13
:00

11
:0
0

9:
00

7:
00

0

(5) Introduction of useful technologies
1) CO2 concentration control to determine suitable quantity of outside air to bebrought in
In Japan, the volume of open air to be brought in is controlled based on theCO2 concentration as the index. The Table below describes room
environmental standards in a Japanese building. According to these standards,
the allowable CO2 concentration in rooms is 1,000 ppm.
Temperature
HumidityWind velocity
Suspended solid
COCO2

17℃〜28℃
40%〜70%Below 0.5m/s
Below 0.15mg/m3
Below 10ppm
Below 1000ppm

In a tenant room in Tower One, we used a simple measuring instrument tomeasure the values, and showed them how to measure them. This is shown in
the photo below. During measuring, we identified a value of 1,000 ppm in the
5F tenant area under the ambient outside concentration of 400 ppm. Although
this value is the limit of the environmental standards, this value indicatesproper control of the ventilation for energy conservation.

V-162) Large-temperature-difference air-conditioning system
Some Japanese buildings adopt a large-temperature-difference air-conditioning
system for energy conservation.
For example, in case of the large-temperature-difference air-conditioning
system, a temperature difference is set to 7 or 10°C although the cooled watertemperature difference is normally designed to 5°C. The difference of 7°C
would enable a reduction of 29 percent in pump power, while a difference of
10°C would enable a reduction of 50 percent.
As the cooled water temperature difference in this building is very small asshown above, we propose that the volume of leaving cooled water should be
reduced in a large-temperature-difference AC system and as the result thecooled water pump power will be decreased.
Since the cooled water pump is provided with an inverter controller (VSD).,changing frequency settings allows the leaving water volume to be varied. We
should, however, study this carefully since the pump’s water head is also
reduced.
3.5

Problems with and Measures for the Promotion of Energy Conservation(1) Problems with the promotion of energy conservation
In the audit in 2002, we proposed that the room temperature be increased by 2 °F
from 75°F (23.9°C) to 77 °F (25.0°C). The APMC attempted to follow our proposal,
but this attempt was canceled owing to the tenant’s complaint. The office building
with tenants should put more emphasis on services for the tenants. “The building
owner is most concerned over a tenant complaint and try to give their tenants better
services in order to make the tenants to continue to stay in the building at a highrent.”For the promotion of energy conservation in tenant office buildings, understanding
and cooperation of the tenants is indispensable in ASEAN countries as well as inJapan..

V-17

(2) Measures for the promotion of energy conservation
Despite the above barriers of tenants’ cooperation, this building has very
successfully deployed energy conservation promotion activities. We think that thissuccess has come from their high management and engineering capability as theproperty management firm.
The APMC has the following plans for further improvement.
① Cooling tower fan speed controller (VSD)② Accumulated ice heat
③ Evaporation cooling④ Roof planting technologies
The APMC is working very actively for energy conservation. The ASEAN countries
should learn this attitude.

V-18

4.

Energy Audit of DPC Place

4.1

Outline of DPC Place
DPC Place is a middle-size office building with tenants mostly of communications andIT companies.
The building was originally built with four floors in 1970s. It underwent a majorrenovation from 1999 to 2000 to become a 16-story building.
DPC stands for Directories Philippines Corporation which publishes telephone
directories in the Philippines.
Cyan Management Co. is an IT company and conducts property management ofbuildings.
We talked to Mr. Jaime G. Silva (Building and Leasing Manager) of Cyan Management
Co. and several others.
(1) Name: DPC Place

Figure V-4-1 Exterior of DPC Place(2) Use:

OfficeThe building opened from Monday to Saturday.
The cooling tower operated from 7:00 to 18:00. The air conditioners could
operate after working hours. The elevators operated 24 hours.

(3) Size:

One floor below the ground, 16 floors above the ground. Total floor area:
24,836 m2 (including the parking lot).
Area of the parking lot: 6,527 m2 (the parking lot occupies part of thesecond to seventh floors).

V-19

(4) Year of completion of renovation: 2000 (originally opened in 1975)(5) Outline of facilities
1) Outline of the Building Automation System (BAS) facilities
All devices were manually run by the building staff. There were sub-meters formeasuring the energy used by the tenants. The time when the air conditioners
stopped running was recorded.

Figure V-4-2 Watt-Hour Meters
2) Outline of electrical systems
a. Substation
Main transformer: 34.5 KV/230 V, 60 Hz, 3,000 KVA × 1 unit
Contract power:
About 1,000 KW
b. Power station
Emergency generator: MGS-series manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy
Industries × 1 unit
The emergency generator could supply about 65% of the required electricenergy at a power failure.
c. Elevators
For carrying people: Variable-speed control × 4 units
3) Outline of air-conditioning systems
Cooling towers: Open type × 3 units
Water cooled packaged air conditioners: Two units of 10 to 20 tons
manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries/floor

V-20

Figure V-4-3 Cooling Tower

Figure V-4-4 Water Cooled Packaged Air Conditioner

V-21

4.2

Analysis of Current Status(1) About the management of facilities
Although there was no Building Automation System (BAS) or the like, themanagement company (Cyan Management Corporation) conducted detailed
management. Since the electric power charge is rather high (about 12 yen/kWh), theawareness for energy conservation was high. With understanding and cooperationfrom the tenants, DPC Place was eager to achieve energy conservation byconserving electricity for lightings, elevators, and air conditioners depending on theoperation hours of the offices.

Figure V-4-5 Two-Lamp Fluorescent Lighting with One Lamp Off(2) Usage of electric power and water
1) Electric power demand
The following figure shows the monthly electric power demand (maximum
power) in 2003. There is no significant change throughout the year.

V-22

2003 Electricity Demand

kW
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Figure V-4-6 Monthly Electric Power Demand2) Monthly electric energy consumption
The following figure shows the monthly electric energy consumption in 2003.
There is no significant change throughout the year except December where theconsumption is a little less.

kWh2003 Electricity Consumption

300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,0000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Figure V-4-7 Monthly Electric Energy Consumption3) Percentage of electric energy consumption by tenants and percentage of electricenergy consumption in the common area
The following figure shows the percentage of the electric energy consumption
by tenants and the percentage of the electric energy consumption in thecommon area from April to December in 2003.

V-23

In DPC Place, the electric energy consumption by the tenants was very large.
This is probably because most of the tenants were IT companies.
We heard that DPC Place asked the tenants to stop air conditioners during thelunch break. Still, energy conservation was difficult.

Share of Tenant and Common

Common39%

Tenant61%

Figure V-4-8 Percentage of Electric Energy Used by Tenants andCommon Area
4) Percentage of electric energy consumption by use
When you look at the electric energy consumption by use, the lightings andoutlets configure a large part compared to the office buildings in Japan. This isprobably because the tenants used lots of lightings for long hours.
DPC Energy Consumption Ratio by Use

Other
9%
Power
6%

Lighting andOutlets
48%

Energy Consumption Ratio by Use in Japan
Other
13%

Heat
Source23%

Heat
Source
25%

Power
12%

Heat
Delivery
13%

Heat
Delivery
14%
Lighting andOutlets
37%

Figure V-4-9 Percentage of Electric Energy Consumption by Use5) Monthly water consumption
The following figure shows the monthly water consumption in 2003. There isV-24

no significant change throughout the year except December where theconsumption is a little less.
2003 Water Consumption
m3
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Figure V-4-10 Monthly Water Consumption(3) Evaluation of energy consumption
1) Evaluation of electric energy consumption
Since there was no data in the Philippines regarding the annual electric energy
consumption per unit floor area (Energy Efficiency Index (EEI)) which is usedas the guideline for efficient use of energy, we compare the electric energy
consumption in DPC Place with the data of the office buildings in Japan (222
kWh/m2y).
As the following table shows, the EEI of DPC Place is 120 kWh/m2y (163kWh/m2y when the parking space is excluded), which is lower than that of theoffice buildings in Japan.
Table V-4-1 Annual Electric Energy Consumption per Unit Floor Area
GFA
GFA(ex Parking)2003 Electricity
EEI (Total) ①

24,83618,3092,990,750
120

m2
m2
kWh
kWh/m2EEI(Ex. Parking) ②
Japan's Office

163 kWh/m2
2,180 MJ/m2

MJ →kWh：1/9.8
Japan's Office ③

222 kWh/m2

①/③
②/③

54%
73%

V-25

Figure V-4-11 Annual Electric Energy Consumption per Unit Floor Area
in DPC Place and a Japanese Building
DPC Place & Japan's Office EEI
250

222

kWh/m2

200

163

150

120

100
50
0
EEI (Total) ①

EEI(Ex. Parking) ②

Japan's Office ③2) Evaluation of water consumption
The water consumption of DPC Place in 2003 was 24,836 m2, which is 1.35
m3/m2 per unit floor area. This value is higher than the average (1.0 m3/m2) ofthe office buildings in Japan.
Figure V-4-12 Annual Water Consumption per Unit Floor Area
in DPC Place and a Japanese Building
Water Consumption Intesity
m3/m2
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00

1.35
1.00

DPC-Place

Japan's Office3) Considerations
The exterior and interior of DPC Place were very sophisticated and you could
not tell whether it was renovated or not unless you were told. We were
impressed with the high quality management of the building.
Although the building was located near the road with much traffic, we did nothear any external noise inside. On the other hand, the substation was old, andV-26

the control board and the transformers were large and seemed old. They might
have been installed at the first opening.
The efficiency of these devices is probably worse than the new ones.
The controllers of the elevators were equipped with digital variable-speed
drives for comfort and energy conservation.
Water cooled packaged air conditioners (10 to 20 HP depending on the load) on
each floor were used for air conditioning. They were very simple.
The electric energy consumption intensity was lower than Japan, which shows
good energy conservation. The water consumption was greater than the officebuildings in Japan, which may indicate leakage.
4.3

Points for Improvement and Expected Effects
Since the building was extensively renovated, we found some inadequate designing. For
example, the capacity of the transformer (300 kVA) was excessive for the actual required
electric power (1,000 kW) and the rated voltage of elevators was 400 V while the supply
voltage was 220 V, which required increasing the voltage by adding a transformer.
Other problems include: the room temperature setting was too low, the electric energy
needed to be managed for each feeder, more high-efficiency lightings should be used intenant area, and the lightings in the machine room and the electricity room should beturned off when they are not used. We suggested improvement on these issues.
(1) Optimization of the room temperature setting
The temperature setting of the air conditioners in DPC Place was very low and we
felt cold in 30 minutes after we got in the building even though we wore jackets.
When we measured the temperature, it was 23.2°C.

V-27

Figure V-4-13 Measurement of the Temperature
In Southeast Asia countries, strong air conditioning is usually favored and low
temperature settings are common in tenant buildings.
By increasing the temperature setting in DPC Place from current 23°C to 25°C, thepower for air conditioning can be reduced. The reduction of electric energy
consumption will be 100,002 kWh a year, which is 3.3% of the total electric energy.
Table V-4-2 Effects of Reduced Electric Energy by Changing theTemperature Setting
Current Temperature

23 ℃

Recommend Temperature

25 ℃

Effect20 %Compressor Electricity (Assumption)

500,008 kWh

Reduction

100,002 kWh

DPC Annual Consumption

2,990,750 kWh

Reduction % per annual

3.3%(2) Turning off the lights when unnecessary
When we entered the electricity room and the generator room, the rooms were lit.
Usually there were no people in these rooms and energy can be conserved byturning off the lights since the rooms do not require lighting.

V-28

Figure V-4-14 Lights in the Machine Room and the Generator Room
(3) Use of highly efficient lightings
The current indoor lights (36 W x 2 lamps) should be replaced with two 32-W
highly efficient fluorescent lamps.

Figure V-4-15 Highly Efficient Lightings(4) Measurement of the electric energy consumption for each feeder
DPC Place was conducting an energy conservation operation by manually startingand stopping the equipment every day. However, for further energy conservation,
the electricity consumption needs to be recorded and analyzed by load and by time.
They should add a watt-hour meter on each feeder or measure the electric energy
consumption hourly by using a handheld watt-hour meter to check if electric energy
is used inefficiently or the feeders are run inefficiently. By doing so, they can findother points to be improved to reduce energy by another few percent.

V-29

(5) Stopping the elevators at nightThe elevators operated 24 hours. Since there seems to be no user at night, theelevators should be stopped to reduce energy.
(6) Replacement of the old transformer
The loss of the transformer can be reduced by replacing the existing 3,000-KVA
transformer with a new 2,000-KVA transformer.
Assumed loss (current): 3,000 KVA × 1.5% = 45 kW/hAssumed loss (after replacement): 2,000 kVA × 1.0% = 20 KW/h
Reduced loss (one year): (45 KW - 20 KW) × 24 h/d × 365 d/y = 219,000 KWh/y
Table V-4-3 Electric Energy to be Reduced by Replacing the Transformer
Reduction

219,000 KWh

DPC Annual Consumption

2,990,750 KWh

Reduction % per annual

7.3%

Figure V-4-16 Old Excessive Transformer(7) Direct power supply for elevators
Although the rated voltage of the elevators was 400 V, the distribution voltage was
220 V and it was increased by using a transformer. By choosing a transformer thatcan produce 400 V when the old transformer is replaced as mentioned in (6), there
is no need to install a voltage-raising transformer, and the transformer loss can beeliminated.

V-30

5.
5.1

About the Result of the Workshop
OutlineEighty-eight people participated in the workshop, which was the largest number in thebuilding workshops held this year. The Philippines gave three presentations on energy
conservation improvement examples in buildings and excellent examples, and other
ASEAN countries gave four presentations.
Mr. Abaya, Undersecretary of the Ministry of Energy (DOE), was scheduled toparticipate in the workshop. However, he could not attend and Ms. Borra, Director, camein place for him. The participants came from a variety of fields, including government
officials, people from universities and building-related associations, civilians working in
the field of buildings, and ESCO people. The Filipinos had the chance to exchange
information and views among themselves, which is an indication of a successful
workshop since its purpose is to share and disseminate information.
Since English is commonly used in the Philippines, questions and discussions were
efficiently and intensively conducted.
Through the discussions, we clearly noticed the participants’ high awareness of theimportance of energy conservation and their strong will to promote energy conservation.
We also understood the reason behind this: the energy price was determined by themarket mechanism and it was high like in Singapore. They were uncertain about theenergy security in the future. When an adequate policy is established, we believed theenergy conservation will progress further in this country.

5.2

Discussion on the Survey Results (Obstacles in Performing and Disseminating
Energy Conservation Measures and Countermeasures)
We reported the results of the follow-up survey in Tower One & Exchange Plaza (officebuilding) and the results of the energy audit in DPC Place (office building). In each case,the top management and administrators, who listened to our reports, gave comments on
our suggested improvement plans, and showed their directions for future activities. Since
Mr. Domingo, Focal Point of DOE, participated in both presentations, DOE will
follow-up the future activities.
The details are not described here since they are described elsewhere in this report.

5.3

Policy on Creating the Technical Directory
We explained the basic idea and suggested some elements of the Technical Directory at
the workshop and obtained approval from the participants. The features are as follows:• TD should include the technologies that are suitable for Southeast Asia and those thathave been recommended by Japanese experts or those actually used in Japan.
• TD should include successful examples of the above.

V-31

• ASEAN should prepare the basic format that can be easily expanded or changed in
the future based on the above.
We talked with DOE and the related people on another occasion and requested again thecreation of the Technical Directory in the future.
Workshop Program in the Philippines
08:00 – 08:30
Registration
08:35 – 08:40
Opening Statement Dr. Weerawat Chantanakome
Executive Director, ASEAN Centre for Energy
08:40 – 08:45
Opening Statement Mr. Yoshida Kazuhiko, General Manager, ECCJ
08:45 – 08:50
Keynote Address and Welcome Remarks Mr. Peter Anthony A. Abaya
Undersecretary, Department of Energy(Ms. Teresita M. Borra (Director, DOE))
08.50 – 09.00
Coffee Break & Photo session
Session I :09.00 – 09.20
09.20 – 09.40
09.40 – 10.00
Session II :10.00 – 10.30
10.30 – 11.00
11.00 – 11.30
11.30 – 12.00
12.00 – 13.00
Session III :13.00 – 13.30
13.30 – 14.00
14.00 – 14.30
14.30 – 15.00
15.30 – 16.00
16.00 – 16.15

Policies and Programs on Energy Conservation
Energy Conservation Policy and Programs of the Philippines
Mr. Marlon M. Domingo (Energy Utilization, DOE)
Japan’s Energy Conservation Programs
Mr. Kazuhiko Yoshida (General Manager, ECCJ)
Question and Answer
Energy Conservation Best Practices for Buildings in the Philippines
Experience and Application of Tower One and Exchange Building
Experience and Application of Energy Conservation in RCBC Plaza
Tower Building
Experience and Application of Energy Conservation in The 6750 OfficeTower Building
Question and Answer
Lunch BreakEnergy Conservation Best Practices for Buildings in ASEAN Countries
Revenue House Building of Singapore Mrs. Tan-Yeo Wei Kuen,
IRAS Building, Singapore
EGCO Building of Thailand Mr. K. Suksit, EGCO, Thailand
Royal Plaza on Scotts of Singapore Edward Kway,
Director of Engineering
Securities Commission of Malaysia Mr. T. L. Chen, Malaysia
Question and Answer
Coffee BreakV-32

Session IV :16.15 – 16.35
16.35 – 16.50
16.50 – 17.00

5.4

The Way Forward
Development of Technical Directory by ECCJ Mr. Kazuhiko Yoshida
Development of Local Database / Benchmark / Guideline by ECCJ
Mr. Kazuhiko Yoshida
Closing Statement Ms. Teresita M. Borra
Director, Energy Utilization Management Bureau

Discussion for Establishing the Database, Benchmarks, and Guidelines in thePhilippines
In the workshop, we explained the basic idea including how the system should work.
The activities must be in cooperation with the ASEAN Benchmarking being performedby Singapore and other ASEAN countries. However, the establishment of the database,benchmarks, and guidelines for the Philippines must be planned first.
According to the people of the Ministry of Energy, they had some energy audit data
regarding the buildings which were audited by the energy audit team of DOE. However,they said they had to modify the data to establish a fully-operational database.
Philippine Energy Conservation Center, Inc. (PECCI) and ESCOs also perform energy
audits. If DOE can collect data from these organizations, a more comprehensive databasecan be created. There are also ways to collect data by contracting with researchers as
suggested by ACE, which needs to be discussed in the future.
We requested the Philippines to start establishing the database, benchmarks, andguidelines according to the above suggestions.

V-33

VI.

Approach as ASEAN

1.

Summary Workshop Overview
On February 7, 2005, a summary workshop was held in Singapore, attended by the
representatives of the ASEAN countries (Focal Point). The workshop intends to share theachievements of activities in the four countries, and to discuss the creation of the technicaldirectory and establishment of databases, benchmarks and guidelines to make a future basic
program. Following the summary workshop, a post-workshop was held. Table VI-1
describes the summary program.
The following lists the participants from the ASEAN countries.
Mr. Abdul Rashid B Ibrahim, Deputy Executive Director, Energy Market Authority,
Singapore
Dr. Weerawat Chantanakome, Executive Director, ACE
Dr. Prasert SinsukPrasert, BERC, DEDE, Thailand (Chairman)
Mr. Zulkarnain B H Umar, Engineer, Energy Market Authority, Singapore
Mr. Asfaazam Kasbani, PTM, Malaysia
Ms. Azah Ahmad, Research Officer, PTM, Malaysia
Mr. Marlon Romulo U. Domingo, Science Research Specialist, DOE, Philippine
Mr. Lien Vuthy, Head of Energy Efficiency and Standard Office, MINE, Cambodia
Mr. Khamso, Chief of Electricity Management Div., Ministry of Industry & Handicraft,
Laos
Ms. Marayam Ayuni, Deputy Director, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources,
Indonesia
Mr. Aung Kyi, Director, Myanmar Industrial Construction Services
Mr. Christopher Zamora, Manager, ACE
Dr. Lee Siew Eang, Professor, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Mr. Majid Haji Sapar, Research Fellow, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Participants from the Energy Conservation Center, Japan
Executive director: Tsuzuru Nuibe
General managers of the International Engineering Department: Kazuhiko Yoshida andYoshitaka Ushio
Technical experts of the International Engineering Department: Hideyuki Tanaka, Fumio
Ogawa, Akira Kobayashi and Takashi Sato
The summary workshop dealt with reported results of discussions on the surveys and theworkshops in the four countries. The representatives of the ASEAN countries presented
their own technical directories, and reported on the situation of the establishment of
databases, benchmarks and guidelines in their countries. Following this, we discussed thefuture creation of the technical directories, and establishment of databases, benchmarks andVI-1

guidelines for the countries.
In addition, the relevant members reported on “ASEAN Benchmarking for building” in the
ASEAN countries, particularly in Singapore. Then, they addressed activities of “Board of
Judges (BOJ)”, the commission which is assessing the award system of EE&C (Energy
Efficiency and Conservation) of best practice for buildings. We have shared information,and discussed of these contents.
Some relevant members proposed their idea, including their requests, of the ASEAN
Energy Management System and we explained basic concepts of this System. Based onthese reports and explanatory contents, we discussed the future policy for solving
problems.
Finally, we dealt with the future policy, finally reaching the mutual agreement.
2.

Results of Addressing Barriers and Measures for the Promotion of Energy
Conservation on Buildings
As described above, the results of the follow-up surveys and the energy audits werereported to the managers of all the relevant buildings under the presence of the respective
Focal Point.
The following sets out only the important points with details omitted.
(1) Results of the follow-up Survey
Generally speaking, improvement measures for energy efficiency in the buildings,
which we proposed through the past energy audits, have been well implemented. In
addition, there were some examples that they took for their own specificimprovement measures. In this background, there were facts that excellent
engineers have been involved in building management and maintenance, as well asthat their higher-rank staff members and managers well understand the importanceand effects of energy conservation. We hope that those personnels will attend
workshops and present their achievements as ASEAN’s models in future.
(2) Results of the energy audit
The results of energy audits were almost the same as the ones of follow-up surveys.
Many buildings have already implemented energy conservation activities and wehave found many model cases of ASEAN best practices for buildings.
(3) Barriers against and measures for the promotion of energy conservation
Through the above survey, we knew that the promotion of the energy conservationis very difficult without the excellent engineers’ abilities and the managers andowners’ better understanding and awareness on the energy conservation. Good

VI-2

examples should be referred for the countermeasures for improvement.
In such companies, there is also one common barrier which is lack of tenants’awareness of energy conservation. From view point of customer’s satisfaction, thesituation makes it difficult to set a higher cooling temperature. Finally, this problem
will be solved only through enlightenment of energy conservation to all the people
in ASEAN countries.
Furthermore, the owners are most interested in profit maximization. They, of course,
do not invest for the improvement work with low investment efficiency. In the
ASEAN countries except Singapore and the Philippines, low energy price policy
supported by government subsidies causes this problem. In those countries, owners
will not actually invest on expensive improvement work without significant costsaving by the energy conservation. For energy conservation improvement work, it isnecessary to get big improvement of energy efficiency with inexpensive equipment.
However, there is a possibility of realization of the improvement plan. Under suchcircumstances, Japanese experts have proposed the measures for high improvement
effects with small cost. We think that it is important to undertake those measures.
Through activities, relevant parties can enhance their capability, and the owners canunderstand the importance and effects of energy conservation. In this aspect, theaudited buildings give us many good examples.
Careful correct understanding of future energy trends would tells that the energy
price will be raised to make it difficult to secure energy resources. In particular,
with this viewpoint the manager and the owner should make preceding investment
in consideration of the future useful improvement. The governments should rapidly
build-up the infrastructure that can support the investment in energy conservation interms of funds and technologies.
The workshops actually requested governmental support in ASEAN countries. They
also requested further Japanese supports, in particular, the Energy Conservation
Center to provide further technological support.
After the surveys or audits, some building managers asked for technological advice
for further energy conservation and business improvement. We responded to theirrequest with some proposals.
3.

Creation of the Technical Directory, and Discussions of Dissemination Policies
Following the workshops, we revised the basic form of the technical directories (TD) for
actual preparation, sent to the ASEAN countries to ask them for preparation. The TDs
created this year were presented in the summary workshop. They are filed in chapter VII.
In this year, we made the first attempt to create the technical directory same as in the majorindustrial sectors. On the other hand, we have found that some of the ASEAN countries
have similar technical directories. We can, therefore, utilize some of those technicaldirectories. One of the purposes of this project is to compile technical directories which theuser can easily understand and utilize. We have accepted the following configuration. In

VI-3

other words, we will introduce not only advanced technologies but also successful casesand case studies in the ASEAN countries.
(Part 1) Summary table

Item

Name ofTechnology

OutlineTypicalTypical(Principle / EC Effects Economy
Feature /(Saved(SavedApplication) Energy)
Cost)

1
2
3
・
(Part 2) Technological explanations

Item No. 1
Name of Technology
Item No.
Nameof Technology
Outline/ Features(Description)
Item No.
Nameof Technology
OutlineFeatures(Description)
Principle// Mechanism(Description)
Outline // Mechanism
Features(Description)
Principle(Description)
FeaturesPrinciple / Mechanism(Description)
Features
Specifics(Description)
Features
Specifics
TypicalEffects(1) Saved (Description)
EnergySpecifics(Description)
TypicalEffects
Saved
Energy(2)(1)Saved
Cost/ Investment
Typical Effects
Saved
Energy(2)(1)Saved
Cost/ Investment(2) Saved Cost / Investment

VI-4

(Part 3) Successful case studies in the ASEAN countries

Item
Name
ItemNo.
No.33
NameofofTechnology
Technology
Item No. 3
Name of Technology
Case
No. 33- -12
Nameof Project
Case
Name
CaseNo.
No. 3 - 3
NameofofProject
Project
Specifics
ofProject(Description)
Item
No.
2
Name
of
Technology
Specifics
ofof(Description)
Item No.
2ProjectNameof Technology
Specifics
Project(Description)
Results
ofofActivities(Description)Case
22- -12
Name
Results
Activities(Description)
CaseNo.
No.
NameofofProject
Project
Resultsof Activities(Description)
ActualEffects
Saved
EnergySpecifics
of11Project (1)(Description)
Item
No.
Name
ofofTechnology
Item
No.
Name
ActualEffects
EnergySpecifics
of 1Project (1)(Description)
Item
No.
Name
ofTechnology
Technology
ActualEffects(1)Saved
Saved
Energy
(2)
Saved
Cost
/
Investment
ResultsofActivities(Description)
Case
No.
1
1
Name
of
Project
Case
11- -23
Name
ofof
Project(2) Saved Cost
/ Investment
ResultsofActivities(Description)
CaseNo.
No.
Name
Project(2) Saved Cost / Investment
ActualEffects(1) Saved (Description)
EnergySpecifics
ofofProjectSpecifics
ActualEffects
EnergySpecifics
ofProject
Project (1) Saved (Description)(Description)
(2)
Saved
Cost
/ /Investment
ResultsofActivities(Description)
Results
Cost
Investment
ResultsofofActivities
Activities (2) Saved (Description)(Description)
ActualEffects(1)
Saved
EnergyActual(1)
ActualEffects
Effects(1)Saved
SavedEnergy
Energy(2)
Saved Cost
/ Investment(2)(2)Saved
SavedCost
Cost/ /Investment
Investment
Some countries made questions and comments on who is responsible for such time
consuming work but we think that each Focal Point should cooperate with the relevantbuildings to start from the following tasks.
• To introduce technologies which were recommended and implemented in the buildings
during the energy audits in the past
• To introduce technologies applied to buildings which won the award of EE&C bestpractices for buildings.
• To introduce developed technologies to be applied to the ASEAN countries forthemselves• To collect case studies on technologies applicable to existing technical directories in
ASEAN countries
In consideration of the workload of the Focal Points, we have to take into account thehuman resources which can be shared by the ASEAN countries when this approach works
successfully and the job amount increases.
4.

Discussions on the Establishment of Databases, Benchmarks and Guidelines
This project aims to establish databases, benchmarks and guidelines for buildings in the
ASEAN countries in consideration of significant differences in weather conditions,business environment and living habits among the countries.
This project also intends to link with the activity of “ASEAN Benchmarking” in the
ASEAN countries. It is targeted to establish and implement ASEAN’s own system so thatthe system of each ASEAN country will be interconnected in future. “ASEAN
Benchmarking” focuses on standardization of the approach of the data processing and thebenchmark evaluations, and on the application in the ASEAN countries.

VI-5

The purpose of this project is to collect and manage original data provided by countries in
response to “ASEAN Benchmarking” and at same time to implement a system of
establishment and application of the benchmarks and the guidelines applicable to the
ASEAN countries for energy conservation for buildings. As the result of this activity,
collected reliable data will be able to be shared by the ASEAN countries. In the summary
workshop, Dr. Lee of the Singapore University as a leader of the project presented recent
activities of the project in order to share “ASEAN Benchmarking” achievements andinformation. The summary of the activities of this project is described below:
Lately, item (1) has been completed and (2) followed(1) Whole Building Benchmarking
This is the idea of the criteria for the evaluation of the energy intensity for eachcategory of buildings such as hotels, business offices, hospitals, etc.
(2) System Benchmarking
This is the idea of the criteria on the evaluation of the energy intensity for eachequipment unit such as air conditioners, chillers, AHU units, and other building
equipment and facilities
In the present stage, this project activity includes build-up of the databases for theabove items (1) and (2) (including building design factors) to establish the systemof databases, benchmarks and guidelines applicable to the ASEAN countries. At thesame time, setting of benchmarking includes item (3) which incorporate the effectfactors, and adds the tools of statistical analyses as well as comparison analysis andfactor analyses. In addition, the basic concept covers item (4) which incorporate thefactors which should be solved for making a guideline.
(3) Weather conditions (temperature, humidity and other data), working conditions(including working hours), and cultural and religious conditions(4) Obstacles and problems in the achievement of benchmark
This basic concept has been introduced in the workshops, and acquired fundamental
agreement. The actual implementation will depend on the future activities.
In the future, this project should unify the activities in these countries, establish thesystem of databases, benchmarks and guidelines and develop the information box
which the representatives of these countries can use for their purposes. For thispurpose, IT experts will be employed in the ASEAN countries.
Figure VI-1 illustrates the system for databases, benchmarks and guidelines, and its
implementation concepts.

VI-6Figure VI-1 System for Databases, Benchmarks and Guidelines,
and Its Operation Concepts

EnergyAudit,
Database etc.

Data Collection by Energy Audit / Survey- Energy Balance / PFD (Evaluate the Actual)- Proposed Measures / Action to Improve

TargetBenchmark Assessment
Data Processing / Analysis
Evaluation for Setting

Guideline Setting
Technical & Practical
Assessment toAchieve Targeted Criteria

Evaluation of Data To Be Controlled-Statistical Processing(Best / Average / Standard Deviation)- Factor / Correlation / Comparison / Analysis- Theoretical Consideration, etc.

Assessment of Criteria to Be Targeted
Identification of Problems / Barriers
Possible Countermeasures- Impact Evaluation of Each Countermeasure- Assess / Develop Action & Business Plans

Actual Implementation

VI-7

Available Technology
and Practice

08:00-

08:30

REGISTRATION

08:30

-

08:55

Opening Session- Statement from the Host Country- Opening Keynote Speech by Mr. Tsuzuru Nuibe (ECCJ)(Preliminary Title)

Vision of Future Development for PROMEEC

Project in ASEAN- Opening Statement from Dr. Weerawat Chantanakome (ACE)- Opening Statement from EE&C-SSN

08:55
SESSION 1
09:00
12:30
SESSION 2
13:30
-

09:00

Adoption of the Agenda and Election of Rapporteur
PROMEEC - MAJOR INDUSTRY

12:30
13:30

Lunch
PROMEEC – BUILDING

14:15

Summary of Local Workshops by ECCJ
Results of Follow-up Surveys at Indonesia / Cambodia / Thailand /Philippines- Status of Implementation and Dissemination- Discussion Results : Barriers and Possible Measures

14:15

-

14:30

Q &A
Presentation : Prepared Technical Directory and Status & Plan of Database/ Benchmark / Guideline Preparation

14:30
14:45
15:00
15:15
15:30
15:45

-

16:00
16:20

-

14:45
15:00
15:15
15:30
15:45
16:00

Presentation by Indonesia

16:20
17:00

Edition of Technical Directory (To be led by ECCJ)

Presentation by Cambodia
Coffee Break
Presentation by Thailand
Presentation by Philippines
Q &A
Presentation by Dr. Lee, or Explanation by ACE based on Dr. Lee’s Report- Actual Results of Activities for ASEAN Benchmarking for Building
for 2004-2005
Report by BOJ Member :- Actual Results of Activities of BOJ for 2004-2005

17:00

-

17:15

Plan to Develop Database to Be Shared by 10 Countries(To be led by ECCJ)

17:15

-

17:30

Explanation & Discussion : Proposed Plan for 2005 – 2006 by ECCJ
END of Sessions for Feb. 07, 2005

Table VI-1 Summary Workshop Program

VI-8

VII. Created Technical DirectoryPart – 1 : Summary (1. Air Conditioning)
1. Air Conditioning(Item – 1)
1. Air Conditioning
Sheet No Sheer ofInproving measureof allthe Building Item No. Name of Improving
measure1

1

1

AC equipped with Heat
Pipe

Out line

Effect of Energy Saving
Cost and Benefit
EnergyOil reduction Cost Recovery
SavingperiodAir Conditioning Unit Equipped with Heat
Pipe for Tropical Climate (AC without
Heater)15~20%.

15~20%.

00(Item – 2)
A. Common
1. Air Conditioning
Inproving measure

Sheet
No of allSheer ofthe
Building

Item No.

1

1

1

Out line

Effect of Energy Saving

Name of Improving
measureEnergy Saving Module(Abbotly) for Compressor

The micro-computer based
control which minimises

Controlconsumption and regulatinghoperationof compressor

Cost and Benefit

EnergySavingOil
reduction

Cost

Recovery
period

10 -30%--1 - 2 Year

(Item – 3)
1. Air Conditioning
Sheet No Sheer ofInproving measureof allthe Building Item No. Name of Improving
measureVSD on A/C
Pumps(Chilled Water andCondenser Water)

Out line

Variable Speed Drive on Pump
Motor to Control Pump Output
Resulting to Reduced Power
Consumption.

Ⅶ‑1

Effect of Energy Saving
Cost and Benefit
EnergyOil reduction Cost
Recovery
Savingperiod25%

US$200/kW 2 1/2 years

Part – 1 : Summary (2. Electricity)(Item – 1)
2. Electricity
Inproving measure

Sheet
No of allSheer ofthe
Building

Item No.

1

1

1

Effect of Energy Saving
Out line

Name of Improving
measureLightSave (LSA2000B) The engery saving device
Lighting Load Reduction operates by reducing thellighting
load there by reducing

EnergySaving30%

Cost and Benefit

Oil reduction Cost--

Recovery
period

1 - 3 Yearhpower
consumed(Item – 2)
2. Electricity
Sheet No of Sheer of theall
Building

1

1

Inproving measure
Item No.

Name of Improving measure

1

AVR and Load Management

Out line

Effect of Energy Saving
Energy Saving Oil reduction

Automatic Voltage Regulator andLoad Management System

Cost and Benefit
Cost

Recovery period

7-15%
KW

(Item – 3)
2. Electricity
Sheet
No of all1

Sheer ofthe
Building

OfficeEffect of Energy Saving

Inproving measure
Item No.

1

Out line

EnergySaving

BAS is a computer-based
monitoring to coordinate,organize and optimize
building control sub-systems
such as the heating, ventilating
and air conditioning (HVAC)
equipment and alarm systems

9% - 12%Name of Improving
measureBuilding Automation
System (BAS)Ⅶ‑2

Cost and Benefit

Oil reduction Cost-

Recovery
periodPart – 2 : Technical Description (Air Conditioning : Item – 1)
[Type of Building]All[Category ofTechnology]
Air Conditioning[Outline]Name

AC equipped with Heat Pipe

Energy Source
Electricity
Year of Practical use

1999
Air Conditioning unit equipped with heat pipe specially designed for Tropical
Climate (Tougher than Sub Tropic)
The Climate Difference
・Sub Tropic
・ Tropic- Hot and Dry- Hot and Humid- Low Wet B[Concept/Functio Conventional Type (AC + Heater)n/Specialty]
・ Consume electricity for heater・ Base AC Capacity

Principle of Heat Pipe
[Explanation of
In one end part coolant absorbs
the Technology]
heat and evaporates,
・Process Flow・Structure and/or in the other end,coolant dissipates
the heat and condenses
Composition
・Schematic
Diagram

The Use of Heat pipe in AC
Hot and humid outer air is
pre-cooled by heat pipe.
Dehumidified and undercool

Ⅶ‑3

AC equipped with Heat Pipe
・No electricity for heater
・Smaller AC Capacity(can be reducPart – 2 : Technical Description (Air Conditioning : Item – 2)
[Type of
Building]

Energy Source

All[Category ofTechnology]
Air
Conditioning[Outline]

ElectricalName

Energy Saving Module (Abbotly)
Practical use day

1990
The Energy Saving Module is a micro-computer based control which
minimizes power consumption by monitoring and regulating the operation of
the compressors in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.
The Energy Saving Module's optimization function increases the rate of heatremoval, which reduces the running time of the compressor, achieving a

Conventional controls are designed to switch the compressor on at the fixed" cut in"[Concept/Functor high limit and switch off at the "cut out" or low limit. The difference between theion/Specialty]

high and low limit is called the differential or dead band. This band is fixed andcannot be varied in conventional systems.

When the compressor first starts at the cut in point, it will be operating at maximum
efficiency with a high suction pressure. As the conditioned space temperature is
reduced, the suction pressure reduces and compressor capacity is reduced. Eachdegree of temperature reduction therefore, takes a longer period of time and uses
more energy.
Micro-computer technology has enabled Abbotly Technology to develop a uniquecompressor optimization strategy; Proportional Differential Adjustment (PDA).
Unlike conventional control systems, this PDA technology will automatically adjust
the control differential, the "cut in" and the "cut out" points, points, in response toⅦ‑4

[Concept/Function/Specialty]

Degrees C

10
9
8
7
6
5

Time
[Explanation of Network Controllerthe
The Network Controller contains the Central Processor Unit that can control
Technology]

four System Interface Modules (SIM).
・Process Flow・Structure
and/orComposition
・Schematic
Diagram

The key pad on the Network Controller enables configuration of the local
network, remote network, access to data and bypass selection.
Continuous monitoring of the system status and level of savings being
achieved is available on the digital display and remotely through thecommunication system.

System Interface Module
Each "System Interface Module (SIM)" has two electrically separate,
independent channels with normally open and normally closed switching.
Installtion is simple with the SIM connected in series with the air conditioningor refrgeration control circuit.
A 24 pin male connector on each side of the SIM, enables direct, side by sideconnection to the Network Controller and other SIMs.

Ⅶ‑5

Part – 2 : Technical Description (Air Conditioning : Item – 3)

[Type of Building]Common[Category ofTechnology]
Air Conditioning[Outline]

Energy Source
Electricity
Name

Variable Speed Drive on Airconditioning System Chilled Water Pump Year of Practical Use
and Condenser Water Pump
2002

Air-conditioning System Chilled Water Flow and Condenser Water Flow aredesigned for maximum flow. Real time operation of Air-conditioning will
require water flow at less than maximum value. Variable Speed Drive (VSD)
Control is an efficient technique to[Concept/Function/S
pecialty]
Pump Flow Output canbe varied by controlingthe rotational speed ofthe pump. At reduced
water flow rate thepower requirement ofpump motor is also
reduced. VSD can vary
the pump rotational
speedbychanging
electricalfrequency
through its frequencyco[Explanation of theTechnology]
・Process Flow・Structure and/or
Composition
・Schematic Diagram

Variable Speed Drive(VSD) is a frequency
converter that rectifies
AC mains voltage into
DC voltage, after which
the DC voltage isconverted into an AC
current with a variable
amplitude
andfrequency. The motor isthus
suppliedwithvariable voltage and f

Ⅶ‑6

Part – 2 : Technical Description (Electricity : Item – 1)
[Type of
Building]

Energy Source

All[Category ofTechnology]
Air conditioning[Outline][Concept/Function/Specialty]

Electrical
Name

LightSave (LSA2000B)
Practical use day

1990
LightSave is an energy saving device which operates by reducing the voltage toa lighting load thereby reducing the power consumed. It cuts energy bills by up
to 30% with only a 15% reduction in light output.

The lightSave energy controller for discharge lamp lighting operates at fullpower for an initial startup period of 5 minutes.This facilitates striking of
the lamp and stabilization of discharge lamp light levels. Unlike otherdevices, LightSave is designed to be installed in the switch line of thecontrolled load rather than at the distribution board and is therefore
unaffected by switching of adjacent loads.

Before LightSave

After LightSave

LightSave

Power =

Ⅶ‑7

Power =

[Explanation oftheTechnology]
・Process Flow・Structure
and/orComposition
・Schematic
Diagram

INPUT :

240 VOLT AC 50Hz

OUTPUT :Full power for 5 minutes after switch on.
Then 70% of full power

MAXIMUM LOAD :2000VA

WEIGHT :5.5Kg

DIMENSION :300 x 114 x 100

FIXING :Horizontal or Vertical

Typical maximum number of twin 36W luminaries controllable by one unit is
40 luminaries.
Note : Exact quantity depends on control gear used and luminaries factor.

Ⅶ‑8Part – 2 : Technical Description (Electricity : Item – 2)
AVR with Load Management System[Type of Building]Hotel and Office[Category of Technology]

Energy Source
Electricity

Name

Practical use day

Regulator
System[Outline]

This Voltage Regulator can be functioned effectively in the Three(3) Phase-Four(4) Wires (bothlamp and motor loads) which are of distribution system in Thailand. Installation just before
MDB (Main Distribution Board) would be most effective and desriable because total circuits
In order to increase energy saving efficiency Load Management System is complete
programme assist for effiency electric power consumption and management electric system.
The program support both Thai and English language. It is able asist calculation peak demandy]Main Functions of VR
1. Regulating of Voltage in excess andbalancing of Voltage and Currents.
2. Matching of Impedence and removalofHigher Hamonics.
3. Restraining of Momentary Currentup

Main Functions of Load Management System
1. The Progoam will show the electric current fora timeperiod in real time.
2. Able to control load in automatic, Manual andschedule
modes (set the time connect-cut load).
3. Graph of Demang in the month will show thedThe schematic diagram of installation VR and Load Management System show as below:

Technology]

Principle of AVR
1. The AVR is a highly efficient and durable voltage
regulator
application to both single and three phase 3 & 4 wiretypes of・Process Flow
Composition
・Schematic Diagram

electronicity with non-contact changeover method.
2. Maximum Voltage Control
1) The AVR precisely controls the out-put voltage byincrements
of 2% V with total of 5 taps therefore +2%, 0%, -2%,
-4%, -6%.
2) The AVR can pre-set the out-put voltage byincrements of 1%i.e. 100, 99, 98, 97 or 96% against the rated voltage.
3) Each phase is independently controlled.
4) The out-put voltage is displayed on the panel in realtime.
3. Response Speed
When the primary side voltage deviates for about 5
seconds fromthe pre-set value, the tap is changed over according tothefluctuation.
4. Momentary Interruption
Since the method of tapping change over as opposed to
the AVRis the non-contact method using thyristors, it nevershuts off thepower even momentarily at the time of voltage changeover asoppsed to the contact method. It, therefore, does notproduce any
blth l d
h
fli k
f fl
t

Ⅶ‑9

Part – 2 : Technical Description (Electricity : Item – 3)
[Type of Building]
Energy Source
All[Category ofTechnology]

Electricity
Name

Building Automation System (BAS)Year of Practical use

Electricity
2001[Outline]

Building Automation Systems (BAS) optimize the start-up and performance of the heating, ventilating and air
conditioning (HVAC) equipment and alarm systems. BAS greatly increases the interaction of mechanical subsystems
within a building, improve occupant comfort, lower energy use and allow off-site building control[Concept/Function/Sp
eciality]

BAS use computer-based monitoring to coordinate, organize and optimize building control sub-systems such as
security, fire/life safety, elevators, etc. Common applications include :1. Equipment scheduling (turning equipment off and on as required)
2. Optimum start/stop (turning heating and cooling equipment on in advance to ensure the building is at the required
temperature during occupancy)
3. Operator adjustment (accessing operator set-points that tune system to changing conditions)
4. Monitoring (logging of temperature, energy use, equipment start times, operator logon, etc)
5. Alarm reporting (notifying the operator of failed equipment, out of limit temperature/pressure conditions or need formaintenance[Explanation of the Technology]
・Process Flow・Structure and/or Composition
・Schematic Diagram

BAS include a collection of sensors that determine the condition or status of parameters to
be controlled, such as temperature, relative humidity, and pressure. Similarly, output
devices impart electronic signals or physical action to the control devices. Examples include
electric relays or damper and valve actuators. The sensors and output devices areconnected either to a unitary controller or to a distributed processor. Unitary controllers arelimited to the needs of an intended function and have limited capabilities, such as memory
size. Distributed processors can accommodate the needs of several unitary controllers aswell as connect directly to input and output devices

Ⅶ‑10

Part – 3 : Successful Examples (Air Conditioning : Item – 1)
[Effect for Energy Saving][Effectivnes of the AC Equipped with Heat Pipe used in Tropic Climate
improving measure] ・Comfort Zone SNI can be maintained.

・ AC Capacity can be reduce by 15˜20%.
・ Operation cost can be reduce by 20˜30%.
・ Room RH can be controlled <60%, to prevent the grow of Fungi and MICROORGANISIM.
・[Energy Saving]

AC Capacity can be reduce by 15~20%.

[Green House Gas
Reduction(except
CO2)]

Possible reduction correspondent to the reduction in electric power at power
plants[Cost and Recovery][Cost][Economical
Effectivness](Benefit and Cost)[Case implemented][No.1]

0 (About the same as conventional AC)

Operation cost of AC (In case of 1HP (1kW))(Preconditions)Operation time : 15 hours/day, 300 days/year,
Electric Power Cost : Rp.500/kWh (US$0.055/kWh)(Operation cost)・ 1kW x 15h/d x 300d/y x Rp. 500/kWh (US$0.055/kWh)
Rp. 2,250,000.-/year (US$24
Not Prepared (In process of practical application)
For Other Technologies, Focal Points Shall Prepare Examples.
(As Per Presentation by ECCJ at Local Workshop)[No.2][No.3][ Note ]1. Contacts for further information
Ir. John Budi Harjanto Listijono M.Eng.Sc
Universitas Katolik Indonesia ATMA JAYA, Fakultas Teknik Jurusan Teknik Mesin
PT Metroplitan Bayu Industri(Address)
(TEL)
(FAX)

Ⅶ‑11

Part – 3 : Successful Examples (Air Conditioning : Item – 2)[Effect for Energy Saving][Effectiveness of the
improving measure] The compressor operated at its optimum efficiency, compresso

extended.
[Energy Saving]

10 - 30 %[Green House Gas
Reduction(except
CO2)][Cost and Recovery][Cost]

Possible reduction correspondent to the reduction in electric popower plant.

Depend on compressor size.

[Economical
Effectiveness](Benefit and Cost)(Case implemented)[1]

Tesco Lotus 51 stores[2]

Toshiba Semiconductor[3]

Srithai Superwear[ Note ]Ⅶ‑12

Part – 3 : Successful Examples (Air Conditioning : Item – 3)
[Effect for Energy Saving][Effectivnes of the
improving measure]
VSD is used for regulating the flow or pressure of the system.
・Flow reduction with VSD results to reduced power consumption.
・Precise and infinite adjustments.
・Quick response to speed regulation.
・V-belt driven system can be replaced by directly dr[Energy Saving]
Pump motor consumption can be reduce by 25%.

[Green House Gas
Reduction(except
CO2)][Cost and Recovery][Cost][Economical
Effectivness] (Benefit
and Cost)

Contribution to decreased greenhouse gas emission through reduced electricity

US$200/kW

Data: 55kW motor, 12 hours/day, 260 days/year, PhP 6.00/kWh, PhP 55/US$
Investment: US$200/kW x 55kW = US$11,000
Savings: 25% x 55kW
x 12 hours/day x 260 days/year[Case implemented]
Danfoss Variable Speed Drive(VSD) installed on the Air-conditioning System at
Tower One and Exchange Plaza Building. VSD's were installed for the Chilled Water
Pumps and Condenser Water Pumps. The pump motors operate at 49 Hz, attaining
the design flowrat[][ Note ]Contacts for Further Information
Engr. Raul C. Castro, Building Officer
Ayala Property Management Corporation, Tower One and Exchange Plaza, Ayala
Avenue, Makati City, Philippines
Telephone: (63-2) 891-9038 Facsimile: (63-2) 891-8550
email:castro.raul@ayalaproperty.com.ph
Manufacturer: Danfoss, Inc.
Km. 18, East Servaice Road, South Super Highway, Sucat, Paranaque, Metro Manila,
Philipines
Engr. Ron Allan B. Go-Aco
Telephone: (63-2) 838-4591 Facsimile: (63-2) 838-6626 email:rgoaco@yahoo.com
Additional Information
Tower One and Exchange Plaza is an entry to the 2002 ASEAN Energy Awards,
New Building Category

Ⅶ‑13

Part – 3 : Technical Description (Air Conditioning : Item – 4)

[Effect for Energy Saving]
1- Automatic control system:[Energy Saving]

Ex: Adijusting the inside and out side temperature difference of 4oC for example and still
keeping the human comfort.
Ex: Out side = 30

[Green House Gas
Reduction][Cost and Recovery][Cost][Economical
Effectivness](Benefit and Cost)a/ Possible reduction correspondent to the reduction in electric power at
power plantsb/ Replacing AC using freon type gas by non-harmful to environment gas

0 (About the same as conventional AC)

Operation cost of AC (In case of EE of AC 0.951kW/ton)
Operation time : 24 hours/day, 365 days/year,
Electric Power Cost : USD0.12/KWh
AC (Carrier) = 220ton
Energy AC saving : 220ton x 0.95 kw /ton x 8

Ⅶ‑14

Part – 3 : Successful Examples (Electricity : Item – 1)
[Effect for Energy Saving][Effectiveness of the
improving measure]

Only 15% reduction in light output[Energy Saving]

30%[Green House Gas
Reduction(except
CO2)]

Possible reduction correspondent to the reduction in electric power at
power plant[Cost and Recovery][Cost]

300 Baht/lamps[Economical
Effectiveness](Benefit and Cost)[Case implemented][1]

Tesco Lotus 51 Stores[2]

Dusit - Arawan textile[3]

Seven - eleven , KFC[ Note ]Total more than 3,000 Unit (120,000 Lamps)

Ⅶ‑15

Part – 3 : Successful Examples (Electricity : Item – 2)[Effect for Energy Saving][Effectiveness of the
improving measure]- Energy saving by AVR = 8-15% in total[Energy Saving]- Electrical consunption will be saved about 8-15%- Reducing cost of maintenance and changing electric appliance.

[Green House Gas
Reduction(except CO2)]

AVR will e able to save CDM. (Equivalent)[Cost and Recovery][Cost]

Investment will be able back even within 3 years.

[Economical Effectivness](Benefit and Cost)[Case implemented]

1. Grang Hyatt Erawan Hotel
Capacity of VR : 1750 KVA x 1
Energy Saving : 65,773 KWH/month (161,143Bt./month)Pay-back period : 1.4 Years
2. City Realty Co., Ltd. (Emporium Tower)
Capacity of VR : 1250 KVA x 21000 KVA x 1
750 KVA x 1
Energy Saving : 65,773 KWH/month (161,143Bt./month) (Calculation from 1250 KVA x 1 only)

Pay-back period : 3.3 Years
3. Alcan Packaging Strongpack Public Co., Ltd.
Capacity of VR : 1250 KVA x 1
Energy Saving : 31,552 KWH/month (77,302Bt./month)Pay-back period : 2.5 Years[ Note ]1. Contacts for further information
Mr. Phong Luangsangthong
B.T.M. Ehgineering Co., Ltd.
21st Fl. M. Thai Tower All Seasons Place, 87 Wireless Road, Lumpini, Phatumwan, Bangkok 10330

Tel : 0 2654 0002-29 Ext. 649 Fax : 0 2 654 1135
E-mail : escodivision@sumi-esco.com
Manufacturer : Mutsumi Electric Instruments Co., Ltd. (Japan)2) Information of Industrial properties
2.1 The one of energy saving equipment under Standard Measure Project by DEDE (Department of

Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency).
2.2 The Energy Efficient Products under specification book No. I (พพ-10001 : 2543) Bureau of Energy

Regulation and Conseration Department, DEDE.
2.3 Report on Testing and Analysis by TISTR (Thailand Institue of Scientific and Technological Research).

2.4 Patent No. JIS 11-245834 from Japan

Ⅶ‑16

Part – 3 : Successful Examples (Electricity : Item – 3)

[Effect for Energy Saving][Effectivnes of the
improvingmeasure]- Reduces energy consumption from heating, ventilation, and cooling equipment- Reduces cost and time required to monitor and manage building operation[Energy Saving]

Rate of energy saving by BAS have variation, depend on complexity of building control
sub system (HVAC equipment)[Green House Gas
Reduction(except CO2)]-[Cost]

Determining investment cost of BAS depend on the number of sub systeminterconnected[Cost and Recovery][Economical
Effectivness](Benefit and
Cost)[Case implemented][No.1]

Plaza BII Building (Tower 2)
Energy (electricity) supply : State Electricity with installed capacity of 6.000 kVA and standby
diesel geenerators 4 x 1.735 kVA Energy saving : 335.000 kWh/ year

[No.2]

Gran Melia Hotel
Energy saving : 494.770 kWh/ year

[ Note ]1. Contact for further information :Mr. A. Dewanto Purwoutomo (General Manager Plaza BII Building)
Jl. MH Thamrin No. 51 Jakarta Indonesia - 10350
Owner : Sinar Mas Real Estate Division
Quality Management System Certification :ISO 9002 UKAS Quality Management. Certificate No. ID03/0073
2. Contact for futher information
Grand Melia Hotel
Jl. Rasuna Said Blok B2 Jakarta Indonesia
Email : granmeliajakarta.com, www.solmelia.com

Ⅶ‑17

Ⅷ.

Reference

Reference‐1 ： Results of the Follow-up Survey andEnergy Audit
Reference‐2：Data for the Workshop

Presentation of Achievements by ASEAN countries(ASEAN)
Basic Concepts & Contents of the Technical Directory(Japan)Planned System of establishing Databases,
Benchmarks & Guidelines (Japan)

Reference‐3： Summarized Workshop Data

Report of Activities in Countries (Japan)
ASEAN Benchmarking Activities (ASEAN)
Basic Draft Plan for 2005 & 2006 (Japan)