Boost Your English 1– Practice for TOEFL® ITP –英語実践力強化とTOEFL® テストITP完全攻略－初級－

宍戸真

Malcolm Mann
Steve Taylor-Knowles

はじめにTOEFL（Test of English as a Foreign Language）は世界中で受験されている、英語運用能力テストの一種です。1964 年に、英語を母国語としない人々の英語力を測るテストとして、米国の Educational Testing Service(ETS) により開発されました。40 年以上にわたり客観的かつ正確な、世界で最も優れたアカデミックな英語テストとして常に注目を集めています。現在 TOEFL
は 180 ヵ国で実施され、そのスコアは、約 165 ヵ国、7,000 以上の機関で英語運用能力の証明として使われています。
TOEFL® ITP は ETS が提供する団体向けテストプログラムです。TOEFL® PBT の過去問題を再利用しており、グローバルスタンダードの英語テストとして多くの大学、教育機関が利用しています。TOEFL® ITP スコアには公的な効力はありませんが、問題作成のプロセス、出題形式、採点方法は TOEFL に準じており、TOEFL スコアと高い相関関係にあります。TOEFL® ITP はアメリカ国内、国外を問わず世界中の教育機関で利用されています。日本国内では、大学、大学院、高等学校、官公庁などアカデミックな英語力を測る必要のある教育機関において多数利用されています。
本書は、近年多くの大学で講義開始前のクラス分けプレースメントテストや単位認定のアチーブメントテストなどに利用されている TOEFL® ITP 受験対策を通じ、これまでに学習してきた英語能力の点検と大学での英語学習の総仕上げを行うことを主眼とした中上級者向けの英語学習教材です。
初級では対象とする利用者の TOEFL® ITP の得点 450 点程度から始め、最終的な目標として500 点レベルに達することを目指します。
米国の大学、大学院への進学を目指す学習者は、TOEFL® IBT を受験することが必須となりますが、本書ではオンライン上のさまざまな試験が用意されているので、教科書を通じたTOEFL® ITP 受験対策の他にも、パソコンを利用した TOEFL® IBT の受験対策としても利用することが可能です。また、留学希望者ばかりでなく、すべての英語学習者にとっても、小学校、中学校、高等学校、大学と 10 年間以上のこれまでの英語学習の総点検、総仕上げとして、最終的な到達目標としての TOEFL® ITP での高得点取得を目指すためにも利用できます。
なお、本書の作成、編集等には細心の注意を払って作成いたしましたが、お気づきの点がございましたらご教授いただければ幸いです。
最後になりましたが、本書の編集、出版、オンライン試験作成にあたり、ひとかたならぬご尽力を賜った ( 株 ) 成美堂、佐野英一郎氏、羽田克夫氏、松本健治氏、リアル・イングリッシュ・ブロードバンド ( 株 )、Ben Porter 氏に心より感謝申し上げます。

2009 年 8 月
著者一同本書の構成と利用法
本書は、教科書を利用した 24 回の学習とオンラインとペーパーで受験できる 6 回の試験で構成されています。
最初にオンラインで Placement Test を受験し、学習開始時の英語力の診断を受けます。その後教科書での学習を開始します。教科書は 4 つの Module に大別される 24 の Lesson から成っています。各 Module には、実際の TOEFL® ITP の出題構成に準じた、Listening, Structure andWritten Expression, Reading Comprehension が 2 Lesson ずつ、計 6 Lesson あります。また、各 Module の最後には復習と学習発展状況を把握するための Progress Test がオンラインで準備されています。4 Module – 24 Lesson の学習、4 回の Progress Test を受験した後、最後に学習到達度を測る Final Test があります。1 年間の学習を通してどの程度英語能力が変化したか診断することが可能です。
各 Lesson の構成は、Ⅰ . Sharpen your skills 、Ⅱ . Show what you know の 2 部です。
Ⅰ . Sharpen Your Skills は、クラス全体での学習を通じて、問題を解くためのスキルの習得、重要なポイントの解説、基礎・応用練習を行うものです。基礎的な練習から開始し、応用問題へと進展していく 6 ～ 8 題の練習で構成されています。
Ⅱ . Show What you Know は、クラス内での個人学習を基本とし、実際の TOEFL® ITP 試験問題と同じ形式の問に答える実践練習です。最後にクラス全体で答え合わせ、問題を解くコツの解説、重要なポイントの確認などを行うと有益でしょう。
また、各セクションの間には Get started, Check it out, Double check と題した要点理解の確認、復習のポイントが設けられています。
以上 2 部構成のさまざまな練習問題から、TOEFL® ITP 受験に必須のリスニング力、単語力、読解力、文法理解力など総合的な英語能力の養成をめざします。実践的な練習問題を通じて、効率よく英語力を発展させ、TOEFL テスト受験対策として役立つでしょう。
本書を活用し、英語力のより一層の向上と、英語学習の集大成としての TOEFL テストでの高得点取得の一助となることを願います。

Contents
Placement Test
Module 1

PC

Lesson 1 Listening

Understanding agreement anddisagreement (short dialogues)

1

Lesson 2 Listening

Understanding gist (extendedconversations/academic mini-talks)

7

Lesson 3 Structure

Verb tenses (present simple, presentprogressive, past simple, past progressive)

13

Lesson 4 Structure

Verb tenses (present perfect, past perfect,future perfect)18

Lesson 5 Reading

Understanding gist

23

Lesson 6 Reading

Understanding purpose

29

Progress Test 1
Module 2PC

Lesson 1 Listening

Understanding negatives (short dialogues)

35

Lesson 2 Listening

Understanding specific information (extended conversations/academic mini-talks)

40

Lesson 3 Structure

Articles46

Lesson 4 Structure

Comparatives and superlatives

51

Lesson 5 Reading

Understanding specific information

56

Lesson 6 Reading

Understanding pronoun reference

62

Progress Test 2PC

Module 3

Lesson 1 Listening

Understanding idiomatic expressions(short dialogues)

67

Lesson 2 Listening

Understanding implication (extendedconversations/ academic mini-talks)

74

Lesson 3 Structure

Participles

80

Lesson 4 Structure

Prepositions

85

Lesson 5 Reading

Understanding unfamiliar words

90

Lesson 6 Reading

Understanding implication

96

Progress Test 3
Module 4Lesson 1 Listening

Understanding wishes and the conditional(short dialogues)

102

Lesson 2 Listening

Integrating listening skills (extendedconversations/ academic mini-talks)

109

Lesson 3 Structure

Plurals (including count and noncountnouns)

115

Lesson 4 Structure

Present modals

120

Lesson 5 Reading

Understanding attitude

125

Lesson 6 Reading

Integrating reading skills

131

Supplemental Grammar Explanations

137

Appendix
Progress Test 4Final TestPC

PCPAPER

Module 1

Lesson 1: Listening

Understanding agreement and disagreement
M od u l e 1(short dialogues)
1. Sharpen your skills!
Get Started!
• Think of the last time you had a disagreement with someone. What did you disagreeabout?

•What phrases for agreeing or disagreeing in English do you already know?

A Choose the correct word or phrase to complete these phrases we can use to agree or disagree.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Good / Well idea.
Has/Does it yet / ever!
I do too / either.
I don’t agree / I’m not agreeing.
I don’t either / too.
I don’t think it / so.
I don’t do / don’t.
I know the / a feeling.

10. I suppose it / so.
11. I extremely / totally agree.
12. In / On a way.
13. No / Not way!
14. The / A same thing (happened to me /etc) ...

15. Me either / neither.
16. Me too / either.

I know / I’m knowing.
1

B Write one word in each gap to complete these phrases we can use to agree or disagree.
1. I’m not really sure

8. Whatthat, but …

9. You can say that

2. Neither do3.

you mean?

.

10. You can’t

problem.

4. So

7. What are you talking

a point, but ...

12. You mightsure.

6. Isn’t that

serious!

11. YouI.

5. That’s!

right, but…

13. You

truth?
?

be joking.

14.

never know, but ...

C Write the phrases from exercises A and B. in the correct column in the table.
Agree

Partially Agree

Disagree

OK.
Yeah.

In a way.
I suppose so.

That’s not true/right.
That’s nothing.

D Write a phrase from the box in each gap to complete the dialogues.
I do                  I don’t                  Me too                  Neither do I
1. Man: I don’t really want to go to today’s seminar.
Woman:

but we have to. It’s very important.

2. Man: I really like the way they’ve fixed up the dorms.
Woman:

2. They’re far nicer now.

3. Man: I had so much fun bowling last week. I want to go again.
Woman:. It was too expensive.

4. Man: I really don’t think Ms. Kyle is a good professor.

ERead each dialogue and decide whether the woman: A (agrees), PA (partially agrees), or D.
(disagrees) with the man.

1.

Man: I have no money, and it’s only the middle of the month!			

2.

Woman: I know the feeling.
Man: I have three compositions to write over the weekend.			

3.

Woman: That’s nothing. You should see what I have to do.
Man: Don’t you think four years is too long to train to be a			teacher?			

Woman: In a way. Think how much experience we’ll have, 					though.

4.

Man: This has been the longest week of my life!			

5.

Woman: Has it ever! I’m exhausted.
Man: Did you know that Professor Cameron is French?			

F. I wouldn’t have passed this term without her help.

Woman: That’s not true. She’s from Scotland.

Choose the correct phrase to complete each dialogue.

1. Woman: All this studying is driving me crazy.
Man: What are you talking about? / I know. I’ll be glad when exams are over.

2. Woman: The woman in the campus bookshop is so rude!
Man: Isn’t that the truth? / You can’t be serious! She’s always very nice to me.

3. Woman: Can you believe they overcharged me on my tuition?
Man: The same thing happened to me. / That’s not true. I went and complained.

4. Woman: I think our biology professor gives us too many assignments.
Man: You have a point, / You never know, but they aren’t that difficult.
at exercise F again. For each dialogue, decide whether the man:
G LookA (agrees), PA (partially agrees), or D. (disagrees) with the woman.

1.

3.

2.

4.
3

M od u l e 1

Woman:

to four short dialogues and choose the correct answer. Then listen again and note down
H Listen
the words and phrases that helped you find your answers.

1. The second speaker:
A. agrees				B. disagrees

notes:.

2. The second speaker:
A. agrees				B. disagrees

notes:

3. The second speaker:
A. agrees				B. disagrees

notes:

4. The second speaker:
A. agrees				B. disagrees

notes:

Check it out!
• We can agree with a positive statement or a negative statement.
• Positive agreement:

Man: Everything is so expensive these days. Woman: Yeah, I know what you mean.

•4

Negative agreement:
Man: We’ll never be able to buy our own house. Woman: Isn’t that the truth?

1-4

2. Show what you know!
to twelve short dialogues. Each dialogue is followed by a question.
A Listen
For each question, choose the best answer.

5-16

M od u l e 1

1. A. The man can use her computer.
B. His computer did the same thing when she used it.
C. He should get a computer like hers.
D. She’s having a problem with her computer, too.

2. A. He had trouble finding the house.
B. He disagrees that finding the house was difficult.
C. He got to the house at two.
D. He found the house after getting lost.

3. A. The man doesn’t want to go downtown.
B. The woman wants to go to the park, but the man doesn’t.
C. The man doesn’t know where to park the car.
D. The man wants to find out where the park is located.

4. A. You should believe everything you read.
B. The man thinks the book is excellent.
C. The woman wonders which newspaper the man reads.
D. There have been different opinions about the book.

5. A. They should decide by Friday.
B. They have another week to decide.
C. They must tell the professor their topic on Friday.
D. They don’t have to discuss anything in class.

6. A. She’d like to borrow his glasses.
B. She doesn’t need glasses.
C. She’d like to order from the menu.
D. She doesn’t like dark restaurants.

7. A. Jennifer and Jessica don’t act alike.
B. Jennifer and Jessica don’t like each other.
C. Jennifer and Jessica are looking for each other.
D. Jennifer and Jessica appear to like each other.

8. A. He has lost all of her messages.
B. He should get an answering machine.
C. He’s been lying to her.
D. He should be more serious.
59. A. She doesn’t have a dictionary at home.
B. She spends a lot of time at the library.
C. She lives next to the library.
D. She has spelled a word wrong.

10. A. She had the same teacher in high school as she has now.
B. She really enjoyed her high school history class.
C. She wishes she were back in high school.
D. Her high school history teacher wasn’t as good as the one she has now.

11. A. Finish the book
B. Wait another week
C. Find the book
D. Pay a lot of money

12. A. Drop the class because he’s sick
B. Ask Ms Riley about her problemC. Do what the woman asked him to do
D. Visit Ms Riley and then go to his class

Double check!
• If someone says You can say that again! are they agreeing or disagreeing?
• If someone says You have a point, but … are they agreeing, partially agreeing, ordisagreeing?

••

6Do the phrases So do I. and I do too. show agreement or disagreement?
Would you use the phrase Has it ever! when you are disagreeing? Why / Why not?