Shy No Longer

Module 4

The Thinking-Feeling Connection
Introduction

2

How Our Thoughts Influence Our Feelings

2

How am I Feeling?

2

Automatic Thoughts

3Feelings Are Not Thoughts

3

Making the Thinking-Feeling Connection

4

Module Summary

6

About the Modules

7

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Introduction
People often believe that the feelings and emotions they experience are determined by external events,situations, and the behaviour of others. For example, we may hear ourselves say, “My boss made me sonervous,” “My partner made me so angry,” “This trip down south made me feel so relaxed,” or “I’mdepressed because I didn’t get the job I wanted.” What is the assumption underlying these statements?
That someone or something other than ourselves was directly determining the feelings we experienced.
We come to these conclusions automatically without asking ourselves if this assumption is true. However,
if we stop to analyse the process that links an external situation to our emotional responses, we will findthat there is a step in between.

How Our Thoughts Influence Our Feelings
What really makes us feel and respond the way we do, is often not the situation or the words and actionsof another person, but how we perceive that situation or that person’s actions. It is how we see somethingor someone and what we think about it or them that really influences how we feel. It is our thoughts andbeliefs about an event that significantly influences our emotions and actions.
Here’s an example. You’ve had a long and tiring day at work and arrive home to find two sets of muddy
footprints (your son’s and his dog’s) on your cream-coloured carpet. If you thought, “I can’t believe that I
have to come home to this. That inconsiderate, selfish brat!” - how would you feel? What if you thought,“I’ve told him not to bring the dog in but he never listens. I try so hard, but I just can’t get them to do what
I ask. I must be a really bad mother.”
You probably realised that you felt different emotions as a result of those different thoughts. Often, we are
not aware of our thoughts and beliefs because they are so automatic and happen quickly. But they are
there, and they affect the way we feel.

WHAT AM I FEELING?
It is often difficult to know exactly what we are feeling and even more difficult to put it into words. The
following list contains words that describe feelings, and this may be a useful starting point in you being able
to understand the connection between your thinking and your feelings.
WORDS THAT DESCRIBE FEELINGS
Tense

ScaredAngry

JoyfulCheerful

UneasyAnxious

Depressed

EnragedExcitedEuphoric

Disgusted

Frightened

Sad

Irritated

Exhilarated

Keyed Up

Jealous

Panicky

Unhappy

Annoyed

Calm

Tired

Frustrated

Nervous

Discouraged

MadHappy

Flat

Insulted

Obviously this is only a limited list but it gives you an idea of the kinds of words we use to describe ourfeelings.

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AUTOMATIC THOUGHTS
Just as we are not always conscious of the way we walk or how we drive a car, we are often not aware ofour thinking. Some of our thinking is so habitual that it is automatic, and just like driving, when things areautomatic, we might not be conscious of them. All of the time, our brains are turning over thoughts andideas. However, we are not consciously aware of most of them because it happens relatively fast and weare not accustomed to slowing them down. Our automatic thoughts, however, play an important role inour emotional well-being.

Turtle Tip
There are three kinds of automatic thoughts:
Neutral thoughts→e.g. "I think I will buy some bread today"
Positive thoughts→e.g. "This is something I can do really well"
Negative thoughts→e.g. "I must look like a fool, I bet everyone
thinks I am acting stupid"
People who are very shy, usually have two main types of negative
thoughts which happen over and over again:

Thinking about
thinking may be a
new experience foryou – you mightrecognise it as “thethings you say toyourself” or “whatwas running throughyour head”.

a) They over-estimate the chance of bad things happening in social situations. e.g. "I will make no sensewhen I speak to a group of people".
b) They over-estimate the cost of negative events in social situations. e.g. "If I am boring at a party,
everyone will hate me".
Automatic unhelpful thoughts often reflect worries and concerns, however they can be about anything atall, anything we have ever seen, heard or learned. Additionally, it can be anything we know about from any
source at all. Obviously, though, negative automatic thoughts are the ones that can cause us emotional
distress and it is these thoughts that can be changed to reduce your anxiety in social situations. We callthese negative types of thoughts unhelpful thoughts.

FEELINGS ARE NOT THOUGHTSWhen we first try to distinguish thoughts from feelings, it can be easy to confuse them. We might be usedto talking about thoughts and feelings as being part of the same experience, but it is more helpful toseparate them and remember that feelings are not thoughts. For example, you might hear a person saying“I think I’m anxious,” but they’re probably thinking “Everyone will laugh at me,” and so they feel anxious.
More commonly, you might hear someone saying something like “I feel that my partner doesn’t appreciate
the gift I bought for him,” when they are actually thinking “My partner doesn’t appreciate the gift I boughtfor him,” and feel hurt.
Try the exercise on the following page and see if you can identify the possible feelings and thoughts in eachof the scenarios. Remember to try and make the distinction between thoughts and feelings.

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Making the Connection
Part One
Instructions: Read the following scenarios and identify the feelings that may result from the self-statements.

SCENARIO 1:
Suppose you went to a small party and your host introduces you to Mike. As you talk to him, you noticethat he does not look directly at you but often looks around the room.
A) You say to yourself:

Possible Feelings:“Boy, this guy is so rude! He won’t even look at me while I’mtalking with him! How nasty.”B) You say to yourself:

Possible Feelings:“Mike must think that I’m really unattractive and uninteresting. I
must be a really boring person. Nobody wants to talk to me!”SCENARIO 2:
One evening, your parents ask you to go over to their house for dinner. As you arrive, you noticed that it
was all dark and there were no lights on. You knock on the door and ring the doorbell but no one comesto answer the door. You turn the doorknob and find that the door is unlocked. You step in and find thatthe house is in total darkness. Suddenly, you hear a chorus of voices shouting, “Surprise!” The lights comeon and you see a group of your friends and relatives singing “Happy Birthday” to you.
A) You say to yourself:

Possible Feelings:“Oh, NO! I can’t believe my parents would do this to me!
Everyone’s staring at me, and I’m not even dressed up. I just want toget out of here.”B) You say to yourself:

Possible Feelings:“Wow! I completely forgot about my birthday! What a really nicesurprise! Everyone must think I’m pretty important to throw me
this party!”

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Part TwoInstructions: Read the following scenarios and now fill in the self-statements that may lead to the feelings
experienced.
SCENARIO 1:
You just finished cooking dinner for you and you partner. Your partner calls to say that he/she will not behome for dinner because he/she has to work late.
A) You say to yourself:

Feelings:
DisappointedB) You say to yourself:

Feelings:
Concerned

SCENARIO 2
You are shopping at the local supermarket. You go around an aisle corner and run into a tall stack of toilet
rolls. They tumble down and roll in many directions forcing many shoppers to stop to avoid hitting therunaway rolls.
A) You say to yourself:

Feelings:
EmbarrassedB) You say to yourself:

Feelings:
IndifferentC) You say to yourself:

Feelings:
AmusedHappyforCentrelinicalC Interventions• Psychotherapy • Research • Training

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Module Summary•

Thinking responses and the types of thoughts we have play a large role in social anxiety.
While we assume that situations "make us feel" a particular emotion, there is actually astep in between. Our thoughts influence our feelings. The same situation can be perceived
in different ways, leading to different emotional experiences.

•Automatic thoughts can be neutral, positive or negative. Automatic thoughts that arenegative are usually unhelpful thoughts, reflecting worries and concerns, and leading tounpleasant emotions such as anxiety.

•An important step in understanding how thoughts influence feelings is to more clearly
identify and label particular emotions. Furthermore, it is important to separate thoughtsfrom feelings, acknowledging that feelings are not thoughts - feelings follow from thoughts.

•It can be useful to examine a situation and identify different types of thoughts that mightoccur in response to the situation. You can then more clearly identify which types ofemotions follow on from those different types of thoughts.

In the next module we will
look at how you can analyse
the ABC’s of thinking andfeeling as a first step towards
changing how you think.

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About The Modules
BACKGROUNDThis module was created in 2003 by Patrick Kingsep at the Centre for Clinical Interventions, under thesupervision of the Centre’s Founding Director, Paula Nathan.
The concepts and strategies in these modules have been developed from evidence-based psychologicalpractice, primarily Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy (CBT). CBT for social anxiety is based on the approachthat anxiety is a result of problematic cognitions (thoughts) and behaviours.

REFERENCES

These are some of the professional references used to create the modules in this information package.
Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D.
A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment (pp. 69–93). New
York: Guilford Press.
Heimberg, R. G. & Becker, R. E. (2002). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia. New York: Guilford
Press.
Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research
and Therapy, 35, 741–756.

“SHY NO LONGER”
This module forms part of:Kingsep, P., & Nathan, P. (2003). Shy No Longer. Perth, Western Australia: Centre for ClinicalInterventions.

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C Interventions• Psychotherapy • Research • Training

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