Journal of Global Resources
Volume 5 (02)
July 2019
ISSN: 2395-3160 (Print), 2455-2445 (Online)

Page 86-90

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GLOBAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON GLOBAL WARMING ISSUE
Ranjeet Singh Budania
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Geography, Govt. College, Taranagar (Churu), India
Email: budania2669@gmail.com
Abstract: Climate change and global warming have been the issues which have grabbed theattention of the entire world during this decade. The debate is on between the developing
countries and the developed countries about climate change and its impact on theenvironment. The developing countries do not want to follow certain guidelines which are to
be implemented because they do not want to affect their national growth and productivity. On
the contrary, they emphasize that the action are required to be taken by the developing
nations that are responsible for the current crises. In other words, the future of the earth
remains questionable in the hands of politicians, who should take some decisions for a better
tomorrow. In this article, we try to discuss the global and regional perspectives on global
warming and measures to control the global warming.
Key words: Global Warming, Climate Change, Global and Regional Perspectives
Introduction
The presence of greenhouse gases is important in atmosphere. But problem is that theiramount in atmosphere is increasing day by day. Scientists conclude that the temperature of
the earth is increasing at the rate of 0.2°C per decade. In 20th century earth’s averagetemperature has risen 0.5°C. In our country 700 crore tones carbon dioxide gas emits out inatmosphere every year. In India the emission of CO2 has not been stopped. In 1990 it was
0.68 gega tonnes which increased up to 1015 gega tones in 2002. Thus the greenhousegases are increasing fast. By global warming we mean rise in the average temperature dueto the concentration of thermal energy in atmosphere. Due to industrialization there has been
an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide which has given origin to greenhouse effect. The
thermal energy coming out of earth’s surface cannot escape from the atmosphere. As aresult there is an increase in the temperature of the earth. In addition to carbon dioxide,
methane, chloro fluoro carbon and nitrous oxide are also responsible for greenhouse effect.
Due to global warming sea-level rise would immediately threaten that large fraction of
the globe living at sea level. Nearly one third of all human beings live within 36 miles of acoastline. Most of the world’s great seaport cities would be endangered. Some countries-theMaldivis Island in the Indian Ocean, island in the Pacific oceans would be inundated. Heavily
populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt, where large populations occupy
low-lying areas, would suffer extreme dislocation. Warmer oceans would spawn stronger
hurricanes and typhoons, resulting in coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable
agriculture lands around the world. Food supplies and forests adversely affected. Changes inrainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture. Warmer temperatures would shift grain growing
regions pole wards .Human health would be affected. Warming could enlarge tropical climate
bringing with it yellow fever, malaria, and other diseases. So global warming may be thegreatest challenge facing human kind.
Global and Regional Perspectives
Increased Sea Surface Temp. (SST) by 2°C could increase cyclone intensities by 20 percent,wind gust velocities by 11 percent and wind loadings on structures by 20 percent. An
increase of SST by 2° C. could mean an increase in cyclone frequency at the order of 2 o 3times. A modest sea level rise could have great implications particularly for low lying islands
and coastal nations in the form of increased rates of coastal erosion and salt intrusion into
ground water systems. These in turn have secondary impacts on agriculture, water
resources; commercial and residential property, energy systems, transportation systems and86

so on. One meter rise of sea level would require expenditures of between US$ 10 and
US$100 billion to maintain threatened beaches and coastal areas on the eastern coast of theUSA. In Netherlands existing dikes and other protection against storm surges will have to be
reinforced at a cost of US$3 to 8 billion, respectively for a 70 to 200 cm sea level rise. In
Bangladesh the combination of sea level rise and a subsidence of the river system could
flood the delta region and threaten anywhere between 8 to 24 million people. A rise in sea
level of 0.5cm would also severely affect small oceanic Islands, Particularly the low reefislands and atolls of the Caribbean and Pacific Ocean. Many regions, particularly the most
overpopulated ones, could suffer from severe drought, famine and shortages of essential raw
materials. The net global impact may be drastic lowering of standards of living, physicalwellbeing and even substantial loss of life. The rapid change in temp, probably have themore severe impact on forest ecosystems and on irrigated agriculture in the semi- arid areasof the mid-latitudes (e.g. The American Midwest) Which will suffer from higher temperatureand increased drought in summer. The sea level has probably already risen 7-17cm during
the 20th Century. On the basis of the observed changes it is assumed that the predicted
global warming of 1.5°C to 3.1°C would lead to a sea level rise of 20-165cm, the results
would be erosion of beaches and coasts and land use changes particularly in coastal andriver regions. Wetland loss, increased frequency and severity of flooding, damage to port
facilities are some of the important effects. In an extremely pessimistic scenario, a temp, riseof 20 to 40^'C due to an increase in atmospheric C02 to 600PPM or more would cause thepolar ice caps to melt sufficiently to raise the sea level of the major oceans by 5 meter ormore.
Due to global warming many species may not successfully adapt to changing habitats or
migrate to new ones. Some may become extinct, whereas others may survive only in
reduced numbers and range. Effects of global warming on individual species will be greatest
on plants, which are directly affected by temperature and rainfall because individual plants
like animals cannot move from one place to another as climate and habitats change.
According to Margaret Davis of the University of Minnesota the four species of beech, birch,
hemlock and sugar maple trees would have to shift approximately 500kms north to remain ina suitable climate and habitat. Davis says beech forests would disappear from the southern
United States due to global warming; similarly Davis Predicts sugar maple tree now growing
from the great lake region of southern Canada to Tennessee, would migrate north along bothsides of Hudson Bay. According to Daniel Botkin of California University shifting forest
ranges would also affect animals such as Kirtland’s warbler, a critically endangered bird thatbreeds only on the sandy soils of Michigan’s Jack Pine forests. If the pine retreats north into
Canada, the warbler will also follow.
According to Dennis Murphy of Stand ford University (USA) if the earth warms by 3°C theWestern United Stated will lose 44 percent of the normal species, 23 percent of the butterfly
species and a somewhat smaller percentage of the bird species that reside there. According
to Vera Alexander, director of the University of Alaska’s Institute for Man rise sciences inFairbanks notes the direct relationship between Primary nutrients, food production and theviability of many fish and marine mammals in Arctic Waters. According to Alexander if global
warming melts the Polar sea ice, the number of microscopic organisms would be reduced,
and the marine animals they support would probably suffer as well. Less sea ice would also
affect seals which breed on the ice and polar bears which hunt and travel on the ice.
According to Daniel Rubenstein a Princeton university biologist, argues that a hotter, drier
Africa will force elephants to search further for food. Warmer conditions at high latitudes
could lead to reduction in the area extent of boreal forests and to a pole ward shift in theirboundaries. High rate of warming of 0.8°C to 1°C per decade will have major impacts on the
mid latitude temperature forests in the Northern Hemisphere and a large scale forest dieback
between 2000 and 2050 is expected. Changes in climatic conditions would destabilize theunique climate and nutrient cycling systems of tropical forests. Due to global warming theincreased severity and frequency of drought such as experienced during 1986-87 and 198788 will pose the largest threat to Canadian agriculture. Due to Global warming in the Arctic,
the tree line is expected to move slowly north ward at the rate of approximately 100 kms per
1°C of warming. Drier climates in Southern Canada could also affect tree growth andsignificantly increase the risk of forest.
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The most likely impact of any global warming in the near future will be on world rainfall
distribution. As rainfall pattern change, climate zones will shift and the Earth’s Principal areasof agricultural cultivation and vegetation cover will be displaced. Bryson estimated that 0.1°C
rises in global mean temp between 1957 and 1970 due to increased C02 should have led toa decrease of 86mm of precipitation annually in the Sahel region of West Africa. According to
Glantz and Ansubel if C02 accumulated increased the frequency, duration and severity ofdroughts in the Great Plains of the USA. More rapid depletion of the Groundwater containedin the Ogallala aquifer an underground geological formation of water bearing porous rockwould Depletion of these groundwater reserves could have serious consequences for
agriculture. According to US National Academy of sciences, a sudden warming of 2° C. withno change in precipitation might -reduce yields by 3 to 17 percent. According to FAO (Food &Agricultural Organization) of the United Nation’s all 65 low income food deficit countries arepotentially vulnerable to climate instability. Due to global warming slow and widespreadmelting of the permafrost will create an unstable foundation for roads, buildings, pipelines
and other structures. In addition, melting of the Permafrost is likely to release significant
amounts or CO2 and methane to the atmosphere. Due to global warming icebergs could
increase as much as 300 percent, posing a major threat to offshore activities in the easternarctic and Labrador. The global warming would mean less ice cover on navigable waters andthis could substantially benefit shipping and the offshore resource industry in arctic andcoastal waters.
Measures to control the problem of Global Warming
According to EPA the most effective short term action would be to limit CFCs production,
acceleration the replacement of old machinery with new energy efficient technology, reverse
the destruction of the forests and encourage tree planting. In sum the purpose of such ananalysis should be to determine whether it is worth investing today in a number of important
adaptive and preventive measures for controlling a global warming and limiting the impacts
of its effects.
Adaptive Measures• The provision of additional financial assistance to developing countries especially insemi-arid and flood prone regions.
• The allocation of development funds to third world countries in order to expand foodproduction and to develop a sustainable agriculture.
• A greater international effort to halt the trend of accelerating global desertification.
• A commitment of curbing the rapid growth of population.
These adaptive measures would to some extent lesson the more severe impacts of theeconomic and environmental disruptions accompanying any global greenhouse effect.
Preventive Measures• Use of non-conventional energy resources.
• To reduce the emissions of gases from other anthropogenic sources.
• Increasing pollution control and developing technological processes to scrub, recoverand recycle the carbon and other trace residuals emitted when fossil fuels areburned.
• Halting unnecessary tropical deforestation through alternative development strategies
and incentives.
• Increasing the rate of replanting in deforested areas, encouraging afforestation andimproving forest management.
Effective implementation of these preventive measures will eventually require theiracceptance by developing countries, whose consumption of fossil fuels is continuously
increasing. Those countries cannot be expected to invest in such measures without
assistance from developed countries either in the form of specific investment flows or making
emission reduction technology available. Finally with such a potentially vital future problem,
there is a mandatory call for further research.
Conclusion
Global Warming have causes many problem for human but we human who make global
warming happens. Many people have died because of disease or disaster. It also affects the88economics of the country. However, we need to be reduce the global warming by using lessgasoline, recycle and human should help to reduce global warming instead of making theearth temperature increased. Our generation should start taking care of the earth because in
the next generation they will suffer if we do not do reduce global warming. Therefore, global
warming is a serious issue now. Climate change due to global warming is occurring and willcontinue to have consequences long into the future. Therefore, this issue is more about
existing responses, research and the future plans and responsibilities each country has inrespect of this phenomenon. It is clear that climate change has more impact on developing
countries compared to the developed countries. The impact can be seen from theenvironmental damages due to climate change that is more significant in developing
countries than that in developed and development countries. The developing countries haveinsufficient funding to apply programs and actions dealing with climate change impact in its
regions. Developing countries tend to be fragile and vulnerable in term of climate change
impacts and related natural disasters such as drought and storms due to their geographicalconditions compare to developed countries. The developed countries consume more global
energy and contribute more to global emission than developing countries that cause global
inequity in energy consumption in the world and the developing countries contribute in
reducing the global carbon emission. Finally, the impact of climate change and global
warming in developing countries absolutely outweighs that of developed countries and thissituation has led to global inequity regarding the urgency to give the same attention inclimate change action across the world as emphasized in the Kyoto protocol, Copenhagen,and so on. Therefore, developed countries must support developing countries in all solutions
related to climate change impact. For instance, by granting funds, providing technology, andassisting through educational development and research in collaboration with scientists
between both countries. In some extents, the developed countries can help the community indeveloping countries dealing with climate change through environmental education programs
not only by granting financial support to build schools but also approaching the developing
countries to initiate and make education curriculum for environmental education like climatechange awareness. These curricula could be taught from primary schools to senior highschools. The developed countries can award scholarships to the young generation ofdeveloping countries to study on climate change science in developed countries.
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