英語版

Textbook for Foreign Students(World History)
外国人生徒のための学習資料（歴史 -世界-）

Hyogo Prefectural Board of Education
Multicultural Children’s CenterTable of Contents

Ⅰ Ancient Civilization
1. The development of the world’s first four
civilizations
2. Ancient countries in China to remember

1
3

Ⅱ Europe and Islam
1. Europe advances into the world5

2. The Growth of Islam

7

Ⅲ Modernization in Europe
1. Civil Rights Movement and Industrial Renovation

8

2. Europe advances to Asia

10

Ⅳ The Two World Wars
1. The state of the world during World War I

12

2. The state of the world during World War II

Ⅴ The world during the Cold War

17

Ancient Civilization

Ⅰ

1. The development of the world’s first four civilizations◆ Let’s check on the chronological table below:
World civilization events B.C.

China

Japan

Over 5 million years ago B.C.; the birthof the human race

The Old Stone
Age(Kyusekki)

Around 3300 B.C.; The Mesopotamian
Civilization (Mesopotamia-bunmei)
Around 3000 B.C.; The Egyptian

The Jomon

Civilization (Ejiputo-bunmei)

PeriodAround 2500 B.C.; The Indus Valley
Civilization (Indasu-bunmei)

Around 1600 B.C.; The China

The China Civilization

Civilization (Chugoku-bumnei)

Civilization(Chugoku-bunmei)

The Yin (In)The Mesopotamian Civilization
Place: Near the Tigris River and the Euphrates River

Cuneiform characters(Kusabigata-moji)

Characters : Cuneiform characters (Kusabigata-moji)Distinguishing Characteristics: The lunar calendar (Taiinreki)・・・The lunar calendar
is based on cycles of the lunar phases by waxing and waning of the moon.
The code of Hammurabi・・・Laws which King Hammurabi enacted.

The Egyptian Civilization
Place: Near the Nile River

Hieroglyph

Characters : Hieroglyph (Shoukei-moji）(Shoukei-moji）

Distinguishing Characteristics: The solar calendar (Taiyoureki)…The solar calendar isbased on the movement of the stars.
Pyramids: Pyramids are said to be the graves of kings.
The Indus Valley Civilization
Place: Near the Indus River
Characters: Indus Script (Koukotsu-moji) ☜ It can't be deciphered.Distinguishing Characteristics: Moenjodaro, Mohenjo-daro…the ruins of cities.

☜There were waterworks, a drainage system, and public lavatories.
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Ancient Chinese hieroglyphic characters

The China Civilization
left on bones and tortoise carapaces
Place: The Yellow River(Koukotsu-moji)Distinguishing Characteristics : A country called “Yin” was established.
Bronze wares were used. ☜ Bronze wares were used to pour Sake and to hold farm
products in festivals.
Ancient Chinese hieroglyphic characters left on bones and tortoise carapaces …Kanjicharacters evolved from these hieroglyphics.

◆ Let’s check it on the map
Four Civilization（Yondai Bunmei）
The Mesopotamian Civilization

The

The Indus

Egyptian

ValleyCivilization

Civilization

The China
Civilization◆ Let’s think① How are civilizations started?
Farming and cattle breeding were developed, making it easier for people to plan foodproduction and store food longer, and the population increased. As wars began, leaders
became rulers (or kings) and a countries came into existence, then civilizations werecreated.

② Why did civilizations start earlier in these areas?
These civilizations were near the basins of big rivers; therefore, it was easy for
agriculture and cattle breeding to develop.

22. Ancient countries in China to remember.
◆ Let’s check on the chronological table
Age

Name of

Distinguishing Characteristics

country

Age Division ofJapan

16-15 B.C.

The Yin・The oldest unified nation in China.

The Jomon period

3 B.C.

The Qin・The First Emperor of the Qin (Shikoutei) settled

The Yayoi period

the country.
・The Great Wall (Banri no Choujyou) of China
was built.
・ It fell because of the revolt of farmers whocomplained about the strict politics.
3 B.C.～The Han

3th century

・Politics based on Confucianism

The Yayoi period（Jukyou）proceeded.
・The Han attacked surrounding countries and the
Silk Road (Shiruku Roudo), which connected to
the west, was built.
・In the end, the north and the south were divided.

th

6 century

The Sui

・The once divided north and south were unified

The Asuka period

again.
・Japanese missions to Sui China (Kenzuishi) cameto Japan.
thThe・A law called Ritsuryou was established.

The Asuka period

Tang・Buddhism prospered.

The Nara period

・While cooperating with Silla (Shiragi) in Korea,

The Heian

7 century

Let’s check the Korean
peninsula on the map.

the Tang destroyed Goguryeo (Koguryŏ) andperiodBaekje (Paekche).
・Japan went to help Goguryeo (Koguryŏ), but lostin the battle of Baekgang. Also known as theBattle of Baekgang-gu or Battle of Hakusukinoe(Hakusuki-no-e no Tatakai or Hakusonkō noTatakai).
・ Japanese missions (Kentoushi) to Tang China
arrived.

The Great Wall of China (Banri no Choujyou)
The Great Wall of China was built to keep out the nomadic people from the north.
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Confucianism (Jyukyou)
Confucianism is the teachings of Kung-Tzu (Confucius). He taught that a country will
become good if people behave well and to keep a balance of opposites during the Springand Autumn period and the Warring States period. “The Analects of Confucius”(“Rongo”) is a famous book.
The Silk Road (Shirukuroudo)
The Silk Road was used to connect China and Europe during the Han period.
Silk from China was carried to the Imperium Romanum, giving this road it’sname. From the West, horses and grapes were carried. Buddhism was also
conveyed.
☜ The Imperium Romanum was a big imperial country unified around theMediterranean Sea in 1 BC. They were the creators of laws, public works skills,
and construction.
Ritsuryou (Ritsuryou)
Ritsuryou was the law used to unify China by the Tang. Ritsu is to judge
punishments and Ryou is to judge systems of life and politics.

◆ Let’s check on the map
The Korean peninsula at the end of the 4th century

China

Koguryo (Kukuri)

Shiragi
Pekuchie(Kudara)

Kaya

4

Japan

Europe and IslamⅡ

1. Europe advances into the world◆ Let’s read the chronological table
World History

Japan

Japan History

Runaissance during the 14th, and 15th
centuries

Muromachi
Period1467

Onin Civil War

1453 The Eastern Roman Empire ends

1492 Columbus arrives at the West
Indies
1498

Vasco da Gama arrives in India

1517

the Reformation led byMartin Luther
Period of1522 Magellan‘s circumnavigation ofthethe earth

Warring1534

Statesthe Society of Jesus forms

1543 Portuguese ships
drifts ashore on
Tanegashima island
1573 Muromachi shogunate falls
1600

theSekigahara battle occurs

Azuchi-Momoyama Period
Renaissance
The period in Europe during the 14th, and 15th centuries, when people became
interested in the ideas and culture of ancient Greece and Rome and used these
influences in their own art, literature, etc. ＊Renaissance means 〝the revival oflearning〟
The Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empire
The Roman Empire was divided into two in 395. One half became the Eastern
Roman Empire. It was taken over the Ottoman Turks in 1453.

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Christopher Columbus
Winning the support of Spain, he sought to reach Asia by sailing west across the
Atlantic and reached the islands near America.*He conquered the native Americans
and established a colony.
☜ Colony
A country or an area that is governed by people from another, more powerful country.
Vasco da Gama
A Portuguese explorer. Winning the support of Portuguese, he sailed from Lisbon
round the Cape of Good Hope, Africa and arrived in India.
The Reformation
New ideas about religion in 16th century, Europe that led to attempts to reform the
Roman Catholic Church and resulted in formation of Protestant churches. Lutherfrom Germany, and Calvin from Switzerland advocated the reform. The believers
were called “the Protestants”.
Ferdinand Magellan
A Portuguese explorer. Winning the support of Spain, he completed the first
circumnavigation of the earth.
The Society of Jesus
A Roman Catholic order founded in 1534 to defend Catholicism against theReformation and to do missionary work in Asia and America. Francisco de Xavier,also from the Society of Jesus, came to western part of Japan to spread the
Catholicism.

◆ Let’s read the map

Columbus

Exploration of new courses

Vasco da Gama
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Magellan◆ Let’s discuss
Why did Europeans need to go to Asia?
Christianity had spread in Europe, and was being protected by the kings of Europe.
Some missionaries went to Asia to spread Christianity, moreover. Some businessman
also went to Asia to buy peppers, spices and silk fabrics which were expensive inEurope.

2. The Growth of Islam◆ Let’s read the map

The growth of Islamic Empires

Muhammad Period
the 4th Calif Period
Umayyad Period
Growth of Medieval ArabIslam
the Muslim religion, based on belief in one God ,was revealed through Muhammad as
the Prophet of Allah, who preached that people are created equal at the beginning of
the 7th century in Arabia☜ Buddhism, Christianity and Islam are called 〝 the three biggest religions 〟because they have the most believers.
Islamic Empire/Caliphate
Muhammad’s disciples made this empire in the 8th century and in the 9th century it
became the biggest in the world, with about 1500000 people

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Ⅲ

Modernization in Europe

1. Civil Rights Movement and Industrial Renovation◆ Let’s read the chronological table
World History

Japan

Japan History

1688 the Glorious Revolution in
Great Britain
In the late 18th century
Industrial Revolution in GreatEdo Period

1716 Kyoho Reform

Britain1775 the War of Independence inAmerica

1787 Kansei Reform

1789 the French Revolution
Great Britain
The Glorious Revolution/the Revolution of 1688
It broke out to fight against Absolutism. The Parliament deposed the King and gave
the crown to the Dutch King. It was also called 〝the Bloodless Revolution〟.
☜ Absolutism
The King’ power was almost unlimited and he did anything as he liked.
☜ Bill of Rights
The next year when the Bloodless Revolution（the Glorious Revolution) ,New King The
English constitutional settlement of 1689, guaranteeing the rights and freedom of thecitizens and laying down the principles of parliamentary supremacy.
The Industrial Revolution
The rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18 th century,
brought about by the introduction of machinery. It was characterized by the growth offactories, and mass production of manufactured goods. It promoted the development of
the capitalism. * In the 19th century it spread to France, America and Germany.
Capitalism
An economic and political system in which a country’s business and industry arecontrolled and run for profit by private owners rather than by the government.

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America
American Revolutionary War/ American War of Independence
The war of 1775-83 ,in which American colonies won independence from British rule.
☜The Declaration of Independence
The document which was signed in 1776, saying that people are equal and people havesovereign power.
☜Constitution of the United States
Winning the victory in the War of Independence, the US divided its powers in theConstitution.
FranceThe French Revolution
The French people were against the politics dominated by the king and nobles. The
Revolution began in 1789. The French king and queen and many other people of highrank were killed and France became a republic. Republic is a state in which supreme
power is held by the people and their elected representatives.
☜The Declaration of the Rights of Man
It was declared during the French Revolution, claiming that men are born and remain
free and equal in rights.
☜Napoleon Bonaparte
After the Revolution, the people elected him as the emperor. He spread the philosophyof the Revolution.

◆ Let’s discuss.
How did the society change after the Industrial Revolution?
The society after the Revolution became one in which people wanted to make a profit.
The owners of the factories wanted more profit. The workers had a hard time and they
made unions, claiming that they wanted to be treated better. They also criticized
capitalism. Some supported an idea of socialism, which is an economic and politicalphilosophy that supports social equality.

92. Europe advances to Asia
◆ Let’s read the chronological table
World History

Japan

Japan History
1825

1840 the Opium War

The command which drives
off a foreign craft

1842 the Treaty of Nanking
1851 Taiping Rebellion

1841
Edo Period

Administrative reform of
Tenpo

1853

Perry come to Uraga by ship

1854

Treaty of Peace and Amity

1857 Indian Rebellion

between the United States
and Japan

1858

Treaty of Amity andCommerce between
the United States and Japan

Britain and China( Qing )Trading relations before the Opium War
18th century

tea, silk fabrics

BritainQing
silver

19th century
Britaintea, silk fabrics
Qingsilberopium

cottonIndia

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The Opium War
The disputes over trade and diplomatic relations between China （under the Qing
Dynasty） and the British Empire. British merchants brought opium from the British
East Indian Company’s factories and sold it to Chinese smugglers who distributed thedrug in defiance of Chinese laws and received tea and silk fabrics in return. China was
defeated in the war and signed the Treaty of Nanking.
The Treaty of Nanking
It was signed in 1842 to mark the end of the war between Great Britain and the Qing
Dynasty. It is called an unequal treaty. The Qing Dynasty agreed to open five coastal
ports, including Shanghai, to British trade and ceded Hong Kong.
Taiping Rebellion
The Qing Dynasty made the tax heavier, because they needed money for the war
expenditure and compensation. In 1851, a rebellion broke out against the Qing Dynasty,
attempting social reforms and believing in shared “property in common”. The Qing
Dynasty crushed the rebellion with the aid of French and British forces. France andBritain occupied Beiging.
Britain and India
Indian Rebellion of 1857
It began as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India
Company’s army in 1857 and soon escalated into other mutinies because they weredissatisfied the British rule. They were repressed and became a colony completely.

◆ Let’s discuss.
How did the Edo Shogunate correspond to the Qing Dynasty after the Opium War?
The Shogunate looked the decree for expelling foreign vessels over again and forced
them to leave after giving them food and fuel oil. They also tried to learn the technology
and learning from Western countries, preparing for the invasion of foreign countries.

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Ⅳ

The Two World Wars

1. The state of the world during World War I◆

Let’s check the events in the timeline
World History

Japan

Japan History

Meiji

1889 The Constitution

1882 The Triple Alliance is formedof Japan is proclaimed
1894 The Sino-Japanese War

1904 The Russo-Japanese War

1907 The Triple Entente is formed

1910 The Annexation of Korea
1911 The Xinhai Revolution occurs

1914

World WarⅠbegins

1917 The Russian Revolution

Taisho1918 The Rice Riots

1919 The Treaty of Versailles

1919 The March First Movement
The May Forth Movement

1923 The Great Kanto
Earthquake

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The Course of World War I
The Triple Entente

The Triple Alliance
VS(Germany, Austria, Italy)(Britain, France, Russia)

1914 The prince of Austria and his wife are assassinated.
(The Sarajevo Incident)
With the use of military power,
countries joined the war for the1914 World War I begins

purpose of obtaining colonies.
Japan became involved in the war,in honor of the Anglo-Japanese
Alliance.

1919 The Treaty of Versailles

1920 The League of Nations
is formed

This treaty was signed at the Paris Peace Conference.
Following its defeat, Germany was forced to give up apart of its main land as well as forfeit all of its
colonial territories. In addition, Germany also paid
reparations.

The League of Nations
The League of Nations was established with the aim of spreading world peace. Its
headquarters were in Geneva, Switzerland. The United States, Germany and Russia
were not members of the league.
Korea
The Annexation of Korea by Japan
Japan colonized Korea, opening the Office of the Governor-General of Korea.

The March First Movement
This movement occurred in Korea on March 1st, 1919, and led to the independence of
Korea from Japan.

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Russia
The Russian Revolution
The March Revolution (The February Revolution in English) and the November
Revolution (The October Revolution in English) occurred in Russia in 1917.
As the war dragged on in Russia, its people suffered. The revolution was caused by theirdissatisfaction with the emperor and government.
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was established in 1922.

China
The Xinhai Revolution
Sun Yat-sen and other leaders led this revolution resulting in the end of the Qing
dynasty. Consequently, the Republic of China was established with Nanjing (Nankin) as
its capital.
Sun Yat-sen
Commonly known as the Father of the Chinese Revolution, he developed the Three
Principles of the People: nationalism, democracy, the people’s livelihood.

The Twenty-One Demands
In 1915, Japan demanded China hand over Shandong (Santo) Province, which had beenin Germany’s sphere of influence. Japan also demanded a continuation of it’s authority
over and interests in the South Manchuria (Manshu) Railway Zone. China accepted
most of these demands.

The May Fourth Movement
The anti-Japan and anti-government movement spread across China. It began with theprotest of students, who opposed the Twenty-One Demands declared by Japan.

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2. The state of the world during World War II◆

Let’s check the events in the timeline
World History

Japan

Japan History

1929 The Great Depression
Countries create policies to battle
The Depression

Showa・Block Economy

1931 Manchurian Incident

・The New Deal Policies

1932 May 15th Incident

・Facism1936 February 26th Incident
1937 The Second Sino-Japan War

1939 World War Ⅱ occurs
1940 Tripartite Pact
1941 Pacific War
1943 Italy surrenders
1945 Germany surrenders

1945 Japan accepts the

Potsdam Declaration

The United Nations is founded
The Great Depression

This worldwide economic downfall started in the United States.
The Block Economy
The United Kingdom and France exercised such measures. By raising the tariff (tax on
imports and exports), they prevented their colonies from trading with foreign countries.
The New Deal Policies
U.S. President, F. D. Roosevelt constituted this policy. He contributed to the recoveryof the economy by reducing the unemployment rate. He did this by creating more
opportunities for public work. He also enabled the consumer to have a higher
purchasing power.

15

Fascism
The dictatorship exercised in countries such as Germany, Italy and Japan. They
invaded other countries for their countries’ interests and oppressed the liberty andhuman rights of civilians In Germany, Hitler led the Nazis, and in Italy, Mussolini led
the Fascists.
The Second Sino-Japanese War
The war between Japan and China. The Japanese army invaded the capital, Nanjing,and murdered thousands of Chinese civilians. Two Chinese parties, the Nationalist
Party and the Communist Party led by Mao Zedong, fought against Japan.
Mao Zedung
A leader of the Chinese Revolution, he established the People’s Republic of China in
1949.
The Tripartite Pact
A military pact signed by Japan, Germany, and Italy, all countries which had withdrawn
from the League of Nations.
World War II
A worldwide war sparked by the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939. The Allies,
including countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom and France fought
against the Axis powers such as Germany, Italy, and Japan. The Allies gained thecooperation of countries, such as the Soviet Union and China.

◆

Let’s check the map

Find the places that are related to the following events.
①The May Fourth Movement ②World War II ③The Great Depression④World War I

②

①

④

③

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Ⅴ

The world during the Cold War◆

Let’s check the events in the timeline.

World History

Japan

Japan History
1946 The Declaration of theConstitution of Japan

1949 The People’s Republic ofChina is established1950 Korean War

Showa

1951 The San Francisco Peace Treaty
1955 The Asian-African Conference

Cold War（Bandung Conference）

1965 The Vietnam War

1972

Okinawa returns toJapan1978 The treaty of Peaceand Friendshipbetween Japan andChina

1990 The United of East and West Germany
Heisei1991 The Dissolution of the Union ofSoviet Socialist Republics

The People’s Republic of China
This socialist country was established under the leadership of President Mao Zedong of
the Communist Party. The opposing Nationalist Party fled to Taiwan.
The Korean War
This war began in 1950, when North Korea attacked South Korea. Both sides agreed toa ceasefire in 1953, but to this day no peace treaty has been concluded.
17

The San Francisco Peace Conference
A conference held in San Francisco, U.S.A. in 1951. Japan signed a peace treaty with 48
other countries. It made Japan independent again in the following year. But the USA
continued to govern Okinawa and the Ogasawara Islands. The Ogasawara Islands werereturned to Japan in 1968, and Okinawa in 1972.
The Asian-African Conference
A total of 29 countries such as India, China, Egypt, and Indonesia represented oncecolonized countries in a discussion over colonialism and its relation to peace and future
co-existence.
The Vietnam War
A civil war that occurred between the North and South regions of Vietnam。The Soviet
Union rallied to the aid of the North, whereas the South region was supported by the
U.S.A. Such involvement also fueled the war. In 1976, Vietnam unified as one state.

◆ Let’s Discuss
What was the Cold War? (Why is it referred to as “cold”?)
The conflict following the end of World War II between the U.S.A., the United Kingdom,
and the Soviet Union was based upon the disagreement on the subject of the
management and plans for restoration of the occupied regions in Europe and Asia. The
capitalist countries such as the U.S.A. (the West) and the socialist countries (the East)disagreed with each other, leading to the break out of civil wars in the world.
Several events such as the unification of West-East Germany and the dissolution of theSoviet Union, all of which occurred between 1985 and 1989, weakened the power of theEast side and consequently ended the Cold War.

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発行年月日：2012（平成 24 年）３月 31 日
作成・編集：子ども多文化共生センター・姫路獨協大学大学院言語教育研究科
日本語コース
翻訳：樋口公子、大槻美保
岸田尚子、Paula Armstrong
発行：子ども多文化共生センター〒659-0031 芦屋市新浜町１－２

電話 0797(35)4537

協力：姫路獨協大学外国語学部外国語学科 教授 山崎 恵 氏

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