Britain at a Watershed
鼓動するイギリスJohn H. Randle
Atsushi Mukuhira

cover photographs byJohn H. Randle

photographs byJohn H. Randle
Getty Images

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https://www.seibido.co.jp

Britain at a Watershed
Copyright © 2018 by John H. Randle, Atsushi Mukuhira
All rights reserved for Japan.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form
without permission from Seibido Co., Ltd.

Preface
As ever, it is a pleasure to write for Seibido Publishing Company in collaboration withProfessor Atsushi Mukuhira, with whom I have now written a number of books about theUK. Our aim as always is to help students improve their level of English by providingthem with topics about Britain, which we hope they will find fresh and interesting. I think
the collaboration between Atsushi and me reflects the modern age: Atsushi lives in Japanand I live in England, and we communicate via email. I sometimes wonder how difficult it
would be to revert to the old-style of writing without a computer and having to depend on
the postal service to send and receive materials!
Although I live in London, I keep in touch with Japan in a number of ways. One of mymost wonderful experiences of the year is when I give a course of lectures in British
histor y and culture to visiting Japanese students in the beautiful surroundings ofHertford College, Oxford. I also teach once a year in the equally beautiful setting ofComo in northern Italy, where I have many friends. The organiser of the course in Comois Professor Layla Bianchi, and I would like to take this opportunity to thank Layla for all
her hard work in reading my writing in its early stages and making helpful suggestions.
The dominant topic in British life has been the referendum on membership of theEuropean Union, which took place in June, 2016. As is well known, the UK electorate
voted by a small margin to leave the European Union after being a member since 1973.
As I write in 2017, it is far from clear, however, what form Britainʼs exit from the EU will
take. What is clear is that the referendum on Brexit has shown Britain to be very divided
on the issue. Although there is only one unit specifically about Brexit (that is, Unit 1),
there are references to Brexit throughout the rest of the book, and in this way I hope tohave covered the central issue in British life today.
As always, we have tried to balance the topics in the book to provide an overall view oflife in modern Britain, but, at the same time, taking account of our history and traditions.
I have had a lot of fun getting materials together; for example, last summer I took awonderful trip to Cornwall – a part of the world I had not been to before, but it proved tobe such an amazing experience that I was determined to share some of my enthusiasm forthis part of the world with you. (Please see Unit 5.) I also visited York in pouring rain, butthe weather did not dampen my enthusiasm for this beautiful city! (Please see Unit 17.)
I should like to end by saying how much I admire your dedication to learning English
and to thank you for using this book.

John Randle, London, July 2017iii

はじめに
本書は、ロンドン在住の John Randle 氏による real / vivid / timely なエッセイに基づく総合英語テキストです。
英国事情についてすでに多数の教材を書き下ろしている Randle 氏ですが、今回のエッセイは少し趣が異なります。英国の文化・伝統や市民生活を中心にしたテーマ自体は従来のものと変わりませんが、本書では Brexit（欧州連合からの英国の離脱）という百年に一度の歴史的大転換を間近に控えた英国社会の深層に鋭く切り込むことで、英国国民やその生活文化の根底にある精神風土をこれまで以上に鮮やかに描き出しています。
2016 年 6 月、日本では「離脱」のニュースが驚きをもって報じられました。けれども、実際にどのような変化が英国で生じ、それが日本や世界にどのような影響をもたらすかについては、いまだに不透明なままです。
「それは英国でも同様」と Randle 氏は語ります。けれども同氏はロンドン在住の利点を最大限に生かし、日本から眺めるだけでは決して見つけられない多様な変化の萌芽をあぶり出しています。Brexit は確かに英国と欧州の事案ですが、その余波は必ず日本に、そして世界全体へと及び、場合によっては21 世紀型の新たなグローバル秩序が構築される導火線になるかもしれません。すでに古希を過ぎた Randle 氏の渾身のエッセイからは、そのような洞察がにじみ出ており、まさに著者の集大成ともいえる気概と読みごたえに満ちています。
本書のセクション構成とねらいは、次のとおりです。
・Warm-up
音声を聴きながら画像を参照し、各 Unit のテーマに関わるイメージを広げます。
・Vocabulary in Focus
各 Unit のテーマに関わる重要語を本文の中から抜き出し、事前に把握します。
・Reading Comprehension
現代英国に関わる timely なエッセイを精読し、グローバルマインドを養います。
・Exercises
エッセイの理解度を確認するとともに、有用な構文を復習します。
・Dialogue
会話とそれに関する Q&A をもとに、背景となる情報を補強します。
皆さんがこのような学習作業に積極的に取り組まれることで、実用的な英語運用力の基礎が身につくことを期待しています。
本書の作成に際し、㈱成美堂の菅野英一氏と佐藤公雄氏には多大なご助力をいただきました。また、Bill Benfield 氏にはいつもながらの的確な英文校閲を行っていただきました。お三方に改めて感謝の意を表したいと思います。
2017 年 8 月v

英国メイ首相来日の日椋平 淳

CONTENTS
Unit 1

Unit 2

Unit 3

Unit 4

Unit 5

Unit 6

Unit 7

Unit 8

Unit 9The Brexit Referendum.................................................................1〈国民投票で問われた EU 離脱〉

The New Mayor of London...........................................................6〈ロンドンの新市長登場〉

Brits on Bikes............................................................................. 11〈英国人は自転車を好む〉

Oxford and Cambridge: Looking to the Future............................ 16〈オックスブリッジの将来〉

A Profile of Cornwall.................................................................. 21〈最果てのコーンウォール〉

The Cost of Being Young Today.................................................. 26〈若さの“特権”、あるいは“代償”〉It All Began at Rugby School...................................................... 31〈すべてはラグビー校から始まった〉

Britain and the Sea..................................................................... 36〈海を味方にする英国〉

Images of Scotland..................................................................... 41〈スコットランドの光と影〉

Unit 10 “The New Look”: Beards and Tattoos......................................... 46〈英国式ファッションの新たな“顔”〉

Unit 11 The Japanese in Britain.............................................................. 51〈渡英する日本人の今と昔〉

Unit 12 Health Matters .......................................................................... 56〈健康であり続けるために〉

Unit 13 The House of Windsor: Crisis and Continuity ............................ 61〈波乱万丈の英国王室〉

Unit 14 The Changing London Skyline.................................................... 66〈ロンドンの街並みを見上げる〉

Unit 15 Women’s Rights: A Look through History................................... 71〈英国女性の足跡〉

Unit 16 Women in Britain Today: A Report............................................. 76〈現代英国女性の“開放”度〉

Unit 17 The White Rose of York............................................................. 81〈薔薇戦争が彩るゴシック都市〉

Unit 18 Charles Dickens: Childhood and Christmas................................. 86〈クリスマスはディケンズが発祥？〉

Unit 19 The Great British Bake Off......................................................... 91〈自家製ケーキをめぐる戦い〉

Unit 20 Brits Abroad .............................................................................. 96〈世界の中の英国〉

Unit

1

The Brexit Referendum

日本ではあまりなじみがない国民投票（referendum）ですが、英国でも事情は同じです。
国民投票にかけるようなテーマは概して、議会だけでは判断が難しい問題であるため、明解な道筋を求めて投票が行われます。けれども、そのような微妙な問題ならばなおさら、世論を二分する危険もあるわけで、実施にはそれ相当の覚悟が求められるのです。

①02, 03

音声を聴いて、写真の説明として適切なものを選びましょう。

1.

2.

acbabc

次の英語に対応する日本語を選びましょう。

1. constitutional()a. 交渉する

2. independent()b. 辞職する

3. be better off (doing)()c. 立憲上の4. immigration()d. ～する方がよい

5. resign()e. 独立した

6. negotiate

()

f. 移民
1

①04, 05

Referendums are not common in British political life. However, on
rare occasions, they have been used to decide important constitutional

04

questions. There was, for example, a referendum in Scotland in 2014 todecide whether the country should be independent or not. Most recently,
5

on 23rd June, 2016, a referendum was held throughout the UK to decide
whether the UK should remain in the EU. The result came as a shock tomost people in the UK and to many people around the world, and could
prove to be a defining moment or watershed inBritish history.
The British people voted by 52 per cent to1048 per cent to leave the EU. The two sides in thecampaign leading up to the referendum were theRemain side, who said Britain should not leave
the EU, and those favouring Brexit – a word
combining Br from Britain and exit (that is,15A sign pointing to a pollingstation, where people go tovote

exit from the EU). The Remainers said it would
be foolish to leave a large and successful trading
bloc like the EU. Brexiteers said Britain would

be better of f making its own decisions regarding the economy and
20questions like immigration.
In fact, immigration came to be a major issue in the election andmay probably be the reason the Brexit
side won. Large numbers of people,
particularly in poorer areas of the country,

25

voted for Brexit because they believed
the UK would be able to exercise tighter
control over immigration. They wereafraid of competition from immigrants
for jobs, housing and places in education.
2David Cameron has told the world hewill resign as Prime Minister.

05

Areas with a younger population, good jobs and better education tended to 30
voteRemain . So, for example, the university towns of Oxford andCambridge voted heavily to remain in the EU.
David Cameron, the prime minister who had called the referendum
and who had been confident there would be a decision to remain, resigned
a few weeks after the result. He was replaced by Theresa May. It is up to 35
May to negotiate Britainʼs exit from the EU and to find for the UK a newposition in the world, which everyone agrees will not be an easy task!

NotesEU（＝European Union）「欧州連合」 deﬁning moment「決定的な瞬間」 watershed「分水嶺」 Remain side「残留派」 Remainer「残留派（の人）」 Brexiteer「離脱派（の人）」 David Cameron「デービッド・キャメロン」（1966‑，首相在任：2010‑16）
conﬁdent「自信を持つ」 Theresa May「テリーザ・メイ」（1956‑，首相在任：2016‑）

1の内容と一致するものには T（True）を、一致しないものには F（False）を記入しましょう。

1. () Referendums are very common in British political life.

2. () The referendum held on 23rd June, 2016, was to decide whether
Scotland should be independent or not.

3. () The result of the referendum on 23rd June, 2016 came as a bigshock both in the UK and overseas.

4. () Remainers wanted the UK to remain in the European Union, andBrexiteers wanted the UK to leave the European Union.

5. () The writer says that, in the referendum, the university towns ofOxford and Cambridge voted the same way.

3

2 ［］内の語句を適切な語順に並べ、英文を完成させましょう。

1. A referendum was held in June, 2016 in the UK toor to leave the EU.
[decide, in, stay, to, whether]

2. The word

two parts: Br fromBritain plus exit .
[is, Brexit , made, of, up]

3. Onethe campaign wasimmigration: the Brexit side wanted tighter controls.
[in, issues, major, of, the]4. The university towns of Oxford andmajority to remain in the EU.
[a, by, Cambridge, large, voted]

5. David Cameron

and wasreplaced by Theresa May as the new prime minister.
[after, Brexit, resigned, result, the]Brieﬁng on the EU
英国が離脱を決めた EU（欧州連合）とは、どんな組織でしょうか。加盟国は2017 年現在、英国を含めて 28 カ国。1993 年に発効したマーストリヒト条約により発足し、ユーロへの通貨統合と、政策・外交・司法の統一を柱に掲げた共同体です。
前身となる欧州経済共同体（EEC）や欧州共同体（EC）は主に経済分野での地域連携を進めていましたが、それを外交や司法の分野まで拡大し、より総合的な性格を帯びることになりました。EU 全体としては人口 5 億人超、GDP は世界の 5 分の1 を占める巨大な経済圏を構成します。
EU 諸国の中で、英国はドイツに次いで第 2 位の GDP を誇り、EU 全体の 6 分の1 です。経済の大きさから、EU への拠出金はドイツ、フランス、イタリアに次いで第 4 位で、全体の 10％超です。こうした支出が EU 内の小国救済に使用されたり、また域内失業者の受け入れ国としての役割を背負うなど、理不尽な関係性が英国国民の間に反感を蓄積させてきたとも言われています。とはいえ、英国は世界有数の強国。新たな世界構造に向けて、どのようなリーダーシップを発揮するのでしょうか。

4

①06

1 次の会話の音声を聴いて、下線部に入る語句（各 3 語）を書き取りましょう。
Two students, Jane and Pierre, are talking about the Brexit result.
Pierre: I come from France, and people there (1)British people voted to leave the EU.
Jane:Yes, I agree. The result came as a big shock.

Pierre: Can I ask? Were you happy with the result?
Jane:Well, personally, I wasnʼt happy, (2).

Pierre: Why do you say that?
Jane:

the north, and a lot ofWell, (3)people there were not happy about the EU.
Pierre: Well, Iʼm sad Britain is leaving the EU.
Jane:2

But Britain and France will still be friends and neighbours!

1 の会話に関する Q&A を聴いて、適切な答えを選びましょう。

1.

①07, 08, 09?
a. The north of Englandb. Francec. We are not told.
?

2.
a. She was happy and surprised.
b. She was surprised and sad.
c. She was not happy and not surprised.

?

3.
a. Britain and France
b. Jane and Pierrec. The north and the south of England5