3rd JAPAN – UK LOW CARBON SOCIETY WORKSHOPTOKYO, JAPAN
13-15 Feb 2008

NEW DELHI PLAN - LOW CARBON FUTURE

ROAD MAP TO LOW CARBON WORLD
BHARTIYA CLIMATE INDEX________________________________________________________________________

Murari Lal & Subhash Joshi
Reliance Energy Limited Noida, INDIA
February 14, 2008
Disclaimer : This presentation contains author’s views only and not of the organization or the State

Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change¾Since the industrial revolution we have seen anincrease in greenhouse gas emissions that has caused
the global climate to change. In the case of carbon
dioxide this is around 30% more than pre-industriallevels.
¾This increase in greenhouse pollution is due to ourcontinued reliance on energy technologies based on
fossil fuels - a legacy of the industrial age.
¾Alternativetechnologies
that
producefewer
greenhouse gases have, therefore, been at the forefrontof the debate on climate change.

Forecasting from now andBackcasting from future
prescribed/normative world

Mitigation
Technologydevelopment

Required
3. We need
Policy“Trend Breaks”
intervention andInvestment
to realize visions

requiredintervention policy
and measures

Service demandchange
by changing social
behavior, lifestyles
and institutions

Back-casting

Checkingyear(2015)

Source: Why We need LCS; Junichi Fujino; The 12th AIM International Workshop

1.Target may
be tough

Reference
futureworld
Required intervention

Forecasting

Release ofAIM result

Environmental pressure

Technology development,socio-economic change
projected by historicallytrend

2. We need
“Visions”

Normative
target world
50% reductions
In the world

Delhi: Scenario

Economic
PoliticalDemographicalDelhi: Economic Scenario

Delhi is Capital of India, a Developing Economy
CountryGDP

Population
Density(Pers/Km2)

Per CapitaEnergy
Consumption(Kgoe)

Electricity
Consumption
KWP/Pers/Yr

Oil(bol/Pers/Yr)

CO2 Emission(MT/Pers/Yr)

US

7,247

31

7,795

12,211

25.5

19.5

UK

1,110

246

3,918

5,570

10.5

9.1

Japan

5,153

137

4,040

7,887

16.1

9.8

China

2,759

339

1,138

804

22.6

3.2

India

326

336

512

411

0.3

1.0

Conclusion : India for its economic independence :a.
b.

has to enhance its energy consumption for supporting its economic growth,
it has justification (pessimistic) to use cost effective technology as compared to developed countries

Delhi: Political Scenario

India is a vibrant democracy• Any policy change is regulated by its implication on its polity• Delhi is a separate State in India and being capital has special position• Delhi is sandwiched between two states• Uttar Pradesh• Haryana• National Capital Region extending quite beyond Delhi has strong influence on its :• socio-economic, and• political dimensions

Delhi: Demographic Scenario• Area : 1483 Sq Km• Population Density : 7,758 per sq km• 16th Most Populated City in the World• Population Projections:• 2001: 14 Millions• 2011: 18 Millions• 2021: 22 Millions• 2031: 30 Millions• Floating population of Delhi has significant stressing effect on its:
• Energy requirement,• Transport & Traffic,• Water and Sewage,• ClimateFocus• Emission and climate are interactive in many
dimensions:– Industries,– Energy needs,– Transportation,– Water & Sewage,– Life style• This paper picks up threads from– Transportation,– Water & Sewage,– Information Technologyevolving philosophy of “ Bhartiya Climate Index”

Delhi : Transport••

21% of City is Roads
Major Initiatives– Delhi Metro– Vehicles• CNG in vehicles• Red light free roads•

Delhi Metro– Influence Zone: 31% of the area of the Metro,• within 500 Mtr approach,– Feeder system inadequate– Transfer• Coordinated scheduling of feeder,• Combined ticketing,• Waiting time

– Luggage permissibility,– Inadequate parking• Despite good efforts on Metro, growing Metro Vehicular traffic andpollution has not been able to give requisite relief

Delhi : Vehicles• CNG– Efficient fuel– Drastic reduction in gaseous emissions– Now Accepted as fuel in automobile• Red Light Free Roads– Construction of flyovers• Increase in traffic speed,• Reduction in travel time
Constraints:
Inspite of this, ineffective public transport
has effected in increase of private vehicles. • Floating population from NCR
influences the traffic and vehicularThis has diminished upon the gains onconditions.
Vehicular emissions .
• Political environment preventing
stringent measuresDelhi : Water & Sewage
Decadal w ater requirem ent and w astew ater generation in Delhi
Water requirement (MLD)

9000

8365

Sew age generation (MLD)
8000
6692

6674

7000
6000
5000

Growing Challenges:• Increase Power requirement
for meeting water and sewagerequirement• Increasing gaseous emissions• Increasing Yamuna pollution• Deteriorating ecology

5340

4983

3987

4000
3000
2000
1000
02001

2011

2021

Decadal Year

Remedies:• Integrating in multiplexes• sewage treatment, and• biogas generation in multiplexes

Relief:• Environmental awareness• Reduction in demand of utility water• Reduction in energy demandDelhi: Information Technology
Effect of IT intervention on anthropogenic emissions and climate:
Not yet documented
But, :• Reduction of rush on reservation counters,• Reduction of queue on Bill Payment counters,• Reduction of queue on enquiry counters

is evidently result of popularity of IT initiatives.
This, certainly, has impact on people commuting to avail above
facilities.
Technology has altered course of nature to adversities. However, it
possesses latent potential of remedy, if used wisely.
This is an effort to think out of box for technological adventures forclimate restoration. This out of Box thinking has further led the author
to evolve Bhartiya Climate Index.

Bhartiya Climate Index

Climate Control&Governance

Living to Die

Change School of Thought

Living to Live OnBhartiya Climate Index

Premise: Technological Endeavour
•
••
•
•

Win over the vagaries of the nature
Discover nature to build safeguards
Make life comfortable and safe
Evolve systems which are self sustaining
Evolve systems which are climate corrective

Bhartiya Climate Index
Human Quest• Causes variation in pattern of nature• Essential for survival• Survival in present, near future or distant future…????
• Climate damage unprecedented since technologicaladvent
Therefore
Needs governing mechanism for Climate control

Bhartiya Climate Index
Integrated View of Global Climate
Local Climate1

ΣLocal ClimateN

State/Country’s
ClimateΣContinent’s
ClimateΣGlobalClimate

Bhartiya Climate Index
Drivers to Climate Change• Climate Change Drivers– Natural– Anthropogenic• Characteristics of Drivers– Offensive• Efficiency• Evitable• Reversibility• Cost and Time Frame of Reverting Damage– Corrective• Efficiency• Expandability• Cost and Time Frame of Correction– FriendlyBhartiya Climate IndexInsight into Drivers of Climate Change• Distribution of Drivers– Concentric– Distributed• Genesis of Human Drivers– Sociological– Cultural– Climatic– EconomicBhartiya Climate Index

Governance
ClimateEnvironmentalists/
Technologists

CultureSociologist

EconomicState

Economists

Trade/
Commerce

Government

Revenue

Resources

Taxation

SecureFutureRegulatory
SystemExpenditure

Safe Living

Bhartiya Climate Index
Legal Frame Work• Regulatory system in each country, based onInternational Obligations and/or its Own Needs &Compulsions, have devised Laws viz.,– Environment & Forest Protection– Wild Life Protection– Green Tax or Dividend Act• These Laws are based on certain Doctrine– Doctrine of Sustainable Development– Doctrine of Strict Liability– Doctrine of Absolute Liability
Contd. …

Bhartiya Climate Index….Contd.

Legal Frame Work• Regulatory system in each country, based on
International Obligations and/or its Own Needs& Compulsions, have devised Laws viz.,– Environment & Forest Protection– Wild Life Protection– Green Tax or Dividend Act• These Laws are based on certain Schools ofthought– Doctrine of Sustainable Development– Doctrine of Strict Liability– Doctrine of Absolute Liability– Green BudgetContd. …

Bhartiya Climate Index….Contd.

Legal Frame Work• Most of the Laws are applicable to Bulk Industry/ServiceProviders• Distributed Consumer and Services remain outside theGamut of Regulatory Frame Work
>This provided motivation to review upon legal frame work ondrivers of Climate Change applicable to:• Manufacturers/Service Providers• Consumers

In respect of their• Roles and liabilities and• Mutual regulatory effectBhartiya Climate Index
Proposition• Devise an Index for all services/products based on their
Climate Hostility/Savvy Nature• Evaluate the Index on (+)N to (-)N Scale¾ (+)N : Index designates Degree of Hostility toClimate¾ (-)N : Index designates Degree of Climate
Savvy¾0: Index for Climate Savvy• This Index is given the name as BHARTIYA
Climate IndexBhartiya Climate Index
Capitalization of Climate EffectDevelopment of Bhartiya Climate Index needs enormous
ground work:•••

Effect on Climate needs to be capitalized based on cost and time ofcorrection
Industrialized/Developed societies bear more hostility to Climate byway of intensity
Tribal or un/under developed societies use practices more hostile toclimate. It is attributed to :– Inefficient uses and– Inaccessibility to efficient practices

Bhartiya Climate Index
Environment Savvy Taxation•••

Every Product or Service is Taxed distinctly for its Climate Effectusing on Bhartiya Climate Index.
The Resources generated from such taxation would in general beabundant
Climate Control needs –– Resources– Organization– Commitment•

These Resource, discretely generated, would cause consciousness
towards damages to the climate caused by consumer ofProducts/Services.
• Taxation of consumers of products/services has a potential offeedback control on manufacturers and/or service providers asmuch as threat in a democratic setup• Resources so levied needs to be exclusively used for Climate
Savvy– Education– Awareness– Promotion

Bhartiya Climate Index
Premise of Implementation• Local Government is the Nucleus• City, State, National Governments and Global Institution(government) are growing shells over the Nucleus
Government• Flow of Surplus funds is, bilateral, based on net
contributions to Climate.
• Commitment has been placed at the last in Climate
Savvy Needs. Why?
– Commitment in wider cross section of Society , unlike
individuals, can not grow on its own. It needs resource andorganization.

Bhartiya Climate Index
CYCLE OF CLIMATE• Mother Earth has been going through cyclic changes• Human Endeavour to conquer nature has accelerated
the cycle of destruction.
• Human efforts for reverting the nature’s destruction. WhyNot?
• Conserving Mother Nature is living necessity of globe,
not only individual {Living to Live On}.
• Effort for retarding the prevalent pace of climate
destruction from Centuries to Thousands & Millions ofYearsBhartiya Climate Index
Conserving Mother Nature• Sensitivity and responsiveness of All Sections ofSocieties, Nations and Globe, be it:– Developed, Under developed or Undeveloped,– Literate or Illiterate,– Environmentalists, Scientists, Technologists, Sociologists,Artists, Economists, Lawyer, …………. and last but not the least
politicians

Bhartiya Climate Index

Thanks
It is the beginning of accelerating the debate on Options to Live ON
for an onward implementation, and not the end
WITHOUT
Loosing faith in human wisdom and capability