31 August 2020

Result of Large-scale Survey concerning Work and Life of
Scientific & Technological Professionals under Emergency Declaration
due to COVID-19 in Japan and Proposals to Japanese Government
EPMEWSE:
Japan Inter-Society Liaison Association Committee
for Promoting Equal Participation of Men and Womenin Science and Engineering(Persons in charge: Dr. Misa Shimuta and Dr. Mihoko
Nojiri)As COVID-19 caused a nation-wide suspension of research in Japan, we undertook a survey toknow how the work and life of scientists and engineers are disrupted. Our aim of the survey was
to correctly capture the situation of researchers working from home and to lead the government
to quick support for scientists and engineers, by making timely requests for prospective
improvements.
We sincerely appreciate the cooperation of respondents in completing the answers. The wrap-up
of this survey is available on our website although personal information of respondents is kept
confidential.
We asked fourteen questions (anonymous) using Google Form for four weeks from May 15th toJune 13th, 2020. The questionnaire was primarily in Japanese but its English translation wasprovided. The total number of respondents was 11,112. Most of the respondents were in thefields of science and technology but a few of them were outside of STEM. The English version of
the questionnaires is presented at the end of this report.
Remark: In question 7.2 and question 10, there were errors in the English version of thequestionnaire. However, since the number of respondents who answered the questionnaire using
the English version is presumably very small, it is considered to have little effect on the results
hence the results have been published without correction.

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Results of Survey
Question 1. Gender (Required).
The total number of respondents was

0.8%
No intention to answer

70.9%
Male

11,112.
Male: 7,882 (70.9％)

28.3%
FemaleFemale: 3,140 (28.3％)

Fig.1 Gender

No intention to answer: 90 (0.8％)

Question 2.1．Your age as of May 16, 2020. (Required).
0.5%
No intention to answer

4.5%
24 or less y. o.
17.9%
25-34 y. o.

28.7%
35-44 y. o.

27.5%
45-54 y. o.

20.9%
55 or more y. o.

Fig. 2 AgeQuestion 2.2. Location of your office (Specify a prefecture).
(under analysis)

Question 3.1．Your specialized field of research (Required, check the closest one).
3.0%
Mathematics

5.5%
Electronics 10.2%
andPhysics
Information

1.9%
Health and Nursing

3.8%
Mechanical Engineering,

8.4%
ChemicalandMaterial…

21.1%
Life science and Biology

7.5%
Civil
Engineerring

7.4%
8.5%
Earth andAgriculture 7.5%
Planetary
Medicine,
ScienceDentistry and

15.2%
OthersPharmacology

Fig. 3.1 Specialized Area of Research

Researchers of various areas responded. “Others” includes non-STEM areas.

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Question 3.2. Your current job title (Required, check the closest one).
Executive (Dean, executive
board or equivalent)

Research technician

1.6%

14.4%
6.6%
5.2% Research associate, Lecturer
Assistant professor

15.8%
Researcher

Lower title: 42%

20.7%
Associate professor

5.6%
9.7%
student or Others
graduatestudent

20.5%
Professor (PI)Fig. 3.2 Job Title

Question 3.3. Your Current Employment Status (Required, check the closest one)
0.9%
No intention to answer
4.2%
Tenure traced…

27.5%
Limitedterm

57.9%
No limited-term

9.5%
Student

Fig. 3.3 Employment Status
4.4%
Male

25.1%

9.0%

33.6%

0.7%

51.1%

Lecturer
Associate
professor

10.8%

Fig. 3.3a Employment Status by Gender

Professor
(PI)

76.1%

22.9%

Male
Female

50.3%

Male

50.6%

Female

57.5%

11.6%

84.3%

Female

12.2%

83.9%

Male

11.0%

84.3%

Female

10.7%

84.3%

Student

78.8%
72.7%

Male

96.9%

Female97.4%

aemployment

areview for a no limited-term employment
Student: Student or graduate student

52.5%

Male

No limited-term: including regular employment, self-

Others
t

32.3%

42.5%

astaffTenure tracked employment: Being allowed undergo

38.8%

33.9%

Executive
Male 15.2%(Dean,
executive
22.7%
board
or Femaleequivalent)

Limited-term: including appointed, postdoc, temporary

49.1%

58.0%

Female
Male

60.8%
3.9%

Female0.8%

Research
associate,
Assistantprofessor

32.6%

63.8%

FemaleResearchtechnician

45.7%

49.8%

Male

Researcher

Male
FemaleFig. 3.3b 0%

55.5%

34.5%

46.3%

46.3%
50%

100%

As in Fig. 3.3b, the percentage of limited-term employment is higher in females than in males inevery tier of job titles, especially in lower job titles (from Researcher to Lecture).

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Question 4.

Your family living with you (Required, check all that apply).
None

27.2%

Partner

61.6%

Baby (Babies) or Pupil(s) in Pre-school

18.2%

Pupil(s) in Elementary/Middle school/High school

24.8%

Adult(s) more than 18 years

9.9%

Parent(s)8.3%

Others1.8%

No intention to answer

0.9%
0%

Fig. 435%

70%

Presence or absence of cohabitant

Question 5. Do you have a family member under nursing care? (Required)

93.6%
Yes

6.4%
No

Fig. 5Presence or absence of nursing care

What changes have you faced seen since the state of emergency was
declared?
Question 6.

What is your current working status under suspension?

(Required, check the closest one).

32.4%
Working home in
full

17.3%
Working once or
twice a week

24.5%
Working more than
three days a week

25.8%
Unchanged status

Fig. 6 Working status74.2 % of respondents were working mostly from home.
Question 7.1 How does it change your current working time under suspension?
(The number of respondents: 11,089).

12.8%
Increased

56.4%
Decreased

30.7%
Unchanged,

Fig. 7.1 Working Time of Research4

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Question 7.2 Have you changed your research subject under suspension?
(The number of respondents: 11,050).
19.9%
Changed80.1%
No change

Fig. 7.2 Changes in Research subject

Question 7.3. How does it turn out the quality of your current research activity undersuspension? (The number of respondents: 11,050).
7.7%
Better

53.8%
Worse

38.5%
Unchanged

Fig. 7.3 Quality of Research

The figure below (Figure 7.3a) shows the results of the cross-analysis by field of research
specialty and research quality.
BetterMathematics

9.2%

49.4% Worse

Electronics and Information

9.7%

44.9%

Physics

8.1%

52.7%

39.2%

Chemical and Material Engineering

6.3%

57.6%

36.2%

Life science and Biology

6.9%

Civil Engineering

9.2%

Mechanical Engineering

9.0%

Earth and Planetary Science

9.0%

54.5%

36.5%

Agriculture

6.8%

56.8%

36.4%

Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacology 5.1%

41.4% Unchanged
45.4%

61.8%
39.3%

31.3%
51.5%

50.1%

50.8%

40.9%

44.1%

Health and Nursing

6.7%

55.8%

37.5%

Others

8.6%

52.4%

38.9%

Fig. 7.3a Quality of Research by Field of Research Specialty

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Question 7.4. Do you feel anxious about the status of your research under suspension?
(The number of respondents: 11,072).
25.5%
Very much

54.2%
A littele

20.3%
No

Fig. 7.4 Level of Anxiety

79.7% of respondents felt anxious (a little/very much).
The cross analysis (Fig 7.4a) indicated that about 87.9% of the students (graduate students)
and 83.0% of limited-term employee were anxious due to the lock down.
Limited-term
No limited-term

TenureStudent
No intention to answer

31.1% Very much

51.9% A little

20.7%

17.0% No

56.2%

25.6%

23.1%

55.7%

37.7%

18.7%
50.2%

30.5%

12.1%

32.6%

36.8%

Fig. 7.4a Anxiety Level by Current Job

Figure 7.4 b shows a cross-analysis of research quality and anxiety. Anxiety was high among
those who reported that the quality of research has declined.
BetterWorse
Unchanged

9.8%

46.2%

44.0% No

39.1% Very much
9.4%

54.3% A little
55.5%

6.5%
34.9%

Fig. 7.3b Anxiety Level by Quality of Research

Question 7.5.

What is the reason for your anxiety? (Check all that apply)(The number of respondents: 8,922)
Continuation of the current employment

19.7%

Review for tenure tracked employment

3.0%

Influence in career path

31.0%

Research expenses execution

34.6%

Contents and quality of experiments or researches

73.4%

Instruct or supervise students

41.7%

Human relationship in affiliated institution

16.1%

Others

10.7%
0.0%

Fig. 7.5 Reasons of Anxiety

40.0%

80.0%

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Copyright@2020EPMEWSEIf you chose "other" in Figure 7.5, please specify (free answer) (984 responses through May 25).
④Anxiety about cancellation of academic conferencesand domestic and international gatherings⑦Anxiety about the management of his/her
institution and his/her income⑥Anxiety about teaching,training and education③ Anxiety about career development, employment,tenure,moving abroad, and graduation (degree acquisition)

20.4%② Anxiety due to inability
to secure time forresearch

32.8%①Anxiety about conducting research

11.7%

7.2%

11.2%
7.0%
⑧Infection,
infection⑤Anxiety
about 5.7% 4.0%
control,
research
health, andbudgets
various otherconcerns

Fig. 7.5a Description in free style（984 responds）

We categorized free descriptions into eight groups. (Figure 7.5a). Respondents most frequently
reported anxiety about conducting research (323 responses). In this category, the mostcommon complaint was interruption of fieldwork due to restrictions on travel, followed byuncertainty about continuity and quality of research due to restrictions on facilities, equipment,
and research content. Respondents in life science and biology brought up serious statements,
like: “Due to severe restrictions on the use of the laboratory, we lost the recombinant strainsthat we had spent a great deal of money to create.” and “We had to sacrifice all animals,
including special strains, at the time of the outbreak.”

31.8%
Increase in infection
control operations
and miscellaneoustasks

Housekeeping, childcare andnursing care
38.3%
Preparing for
distance learning,

29.9%
Housekeeping,childcare andnursing careFig. 7.5b Reasons of Obstacles(201 respons)

Preparing for distance learning
Increase in infection control
operations and miscellaneous
tasks

63.3%
Female
42.9%

36.7%
Male
57.1%

1.6% No intention to answer

42.2%

56.3%

Fig. 7.5c Reasons of Obstacles By Gender

The second most common reason for anxiety was due to inability to secure research time (201
responses) was categorized into three reasons: infection control duties, preparation for distancelearning, and increased housekeeping, childcare, and nursing care (Figure 7.5b). Females wereparticularly likely to report that they were unable to secure research time due to increased
housekeeping, childcare, and nursing care (Figure 7.5c). Nursing care includes elder care.

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Questions from 8-1 to 8-5 were only for those who were involved in education.
Question 8.1. How does it change your current working time for education, under suspension?
(The number of respondents: 7,205).
55.5% Increased

22.7% Decreased

21.8% Unchanged

Fig. 8.1 Time spent on education

Question 8.2. How does it turn out the contents of education?
(The number of respondents: 7,101)
65.8%
Contents changed

34.2%
Contents unchanged

Fig. 8.2 Educational contents

Question 8.3. How does it turn out the quality of education?
(The number of respondents: 7,075)
Quality getting better

8.8%

51.3% Quality getting worse

39.9% Quality unchanged

Fig. 8.3 Quality of Education

In the analysis of quality of education by field of specialization, more respondents reported thatthe quality of research declined in fields where there was a lot of research using facilities suchas practical work and experiments (62.2% in Agriculture and 58.1% in Life Sciences andBiology) than in other fields.
betterMathematics

12.5%

48.8% worse

Electronics and Information

10.3%

43.6%

Physics

6.8%

57.6%

Chemical and Material Engineering

8.7%

49.9%

Life science and Biology

7.7%

Civil Engineering

9.8%

39.8%

Mechanical Engineering 7.5%

48.2%

44.3%

Earth and Planetary Science 7.3%

50.1%

42.6%

58.1%

38.8% unchange
46.1%

35.6%
41.3%
34.2%
50.4%

Agriculture

5.2%

62.2%

Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacology

8.3%

52.4%

39.3%

Health and Nursing

6.5%

51.9%

41.6%

12.2%

43.4%

44.4%

Others32.6%

Fig. 8.3a Quality of education by specialist field

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Question 8.4. Do you feel anxious about the status of education, under suspension?
(The number of respondents: 7,113)
24.9% Very much

59.7% A little

15.4% No

Fig. 8.4 Anxious about the status of education
Very much

Quality getting better

8.5%

Quality getting worse
Quality unchanged

55.1% A little

35.8% No

38.2%

57.6%

11.3%

3.9%

62.6%

25.8%

Fig. 8.4a Quality for Education vs. Anxiety

84.6％ of the respondents felt anxious about education (a little/very much) (Fig. 8.4). The
anxiety was higher in those who think that their quality of education got worse (Fig. 8.4a).

Question 8.5. What is the reason for your anxiety about the status of education?
(Check all that apply) (The number of respondents: 6,060)
Contents and quality of education

71.6%

Communication with students

82.7%

Decision school grades in examination

38.9%

Others

9.8%
0%

50%

100%

Fig. 8.5 Description of anxiety about the status of education

Insufficient communication with graduate students was the most frequent reason for anxiety(83%) (Fig. 8.5).

If you chose "other" in Figure 8.5, please specify (free answer)(under analysis)

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Question 9.1. Do you feel anxious about your life, outside research/education, undersuspension? (The number of respondents: 10,928)
1.5% No intention to answer
15.2% Very much

55.4% A little

27.9% No

Fig. 9.1 Anxiety outside of Research /Education
1.4% No intention to answer

Limited-term
No limited-term
TenureStudent
No intention to answer

21.1% Very much

56.0% A little

12.1%

21.5% No

56.1%

18.2%

50.7%

12.4%

56.2%

23.5%

38.8%

25.9%

30.5%

1.3%

28.9%

2.1%

30.2%

1.3%
11.8%

Fig. 9.1a Anxiety Level by Current Employment Status

Outside of research and education/teaching, researchers in limited-term employment felt moreanxious than those having permanent jobs (Fig. 9.1, Fig. 9.1a). Please note that female ratio ishigher in the limited-term employment than in the permanent employment (Fig. 3.3b).
Question 9.2. What is the reason for your anxiety about your life, outside research/education,
under suspension? (Check all that apply) (The number of respondents: 7,739).
Continuation of the current status

30.0%

Education of child (children)

33.7%

Partner's job

8.9%

Health/Health of family

67.8%

Others

13.7%
0%

40%

80%

Fig. 9.2 Reasons of Anxiety by Current Employment Status

If you chose "other" in Figure 9.2, please specify (free answer)(under analysis)

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Question 10.

What are problems in your current work? (Check all that apply)(Ratios were calculated per the number of respondents,11,112.)
Childcare task increased

19.0%

Nursing care task increased

2.0%Housekeeping task increased

21.9%

Limitated possibility of transfer in long distance commuting

13.2%

Inability to travel domestically and internationally

60.2%

Cost of network access and additional equipments for remote work

22.3%

Preparing for online courses

50.1%

OthersFig. 10 Problems in current work

9.9%
0%

35%

16.6%

Childcare task increased

25.5%

Male

1.5%
3.1%

Nursing care task increased

Female18.6%

Housekeeping task increased

30.4%

12.4%
15.0%

Limitated possibility of transfer in long distance commuting
Inability to travel domestically and internationally

54.3%

62.5%

21.6%
23.7%

Cost of network access and additional equipments for remote work

49.5%
51.7%

Preparing for online courses
9.1%
11.8%

OthersFig.10.a Obstacles by Gender

70%

0.0%

35.0%

70.0%

The most frequently raised obstacle in work was the restriction of travel. The second wasnecessity for preparing for online education courses.
The obstacles differed by gender as female researchers more often chose housekeeping, childcare,and nursing care of elder persons than male researchers (Fig. 10a).
If you chose "other" in Figure 10, please specify (free answer)(under analysis)

Question 11.

What kind of support do you request under suspension? (Check all that apply)(Ratios were calculated per the number of respondents, 11,112).
Extension of employment period

17.6%

Extension of research grant period

48.8%

Postpone submission time of research reports

43.1%

Improve network environment

41.9%

Postpone review time for tenure tracked employment

10.8%

OthersFig. 119.3%
0.0%

kind of support you request under suspension

25.0%

50.0%

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16.3%
20.8%

Extension of employment period
Extension of research grant period

46.6%

Postpone submission time of research reports

42.1%
45.6%
42.3%
40.5%

Improve network environment
10.2%
12.1%
8.4%
11.5%

Postpone review time for tenure tracked employment
OthersFig. 11a Requests by Gender

54.5%

Male
Female

0%

30%

60%

Both males and females selected extension of the research grant period most frequently.
Females express needs for extension of grant period, employment period and deadlines ofreports more frequently than males do (Fig. 11a).
If you chose "other" in Figure 11, please specify (free answer)(under analysis)

Question 12. What kind of support do you request in working style in a near future? (Check allthat apply) (Ratios were calculated per the number of respondents,11,112.)
Expand teleworking style
Improve network environment
Expand web meeting
Expand web conference
Introduce/Continue online courses and supervision in researches
Online access for office procedures in affiliated institution
Off-institutional use of Computers
Supply cost to improve network environment for working home
Off-institutional access for the research articles through VPN
OthersFig. 12 What kind of support you request
in working style in a near future?

44.9%
49.4%
48.7%
39.5%
32.3%
62.6%
31.4%
41.8%
38.1%
6.1%
0.0%

35.0%

70.0%

42.7%

Expand teleworking style

50.1%
50.1%
47.6%
47.9%
51.0%

Improve network environment
Expand web meeting

37.9%
43.7%
31.9%
33.3%

Expand web conference
Introduce/Continue online courses and supervision in researches

Female

61.3%
65.9%

Online access for office procedures in affiliated institution
31.4%
31.2%

Off-institutional use of Computers

40.6%
44.7%
36.4%
42.1%

Supply cost to improve network environment for working home

Off-institutional access for the research articles through VPN
5.7%
7.0%

OthersFig. 12a Requests of Support for Research in Detail

Male

0%

35%

70%

We see the requests differ by gender. Females requested online access for office procedures,
expansion of teleworking and web meetings more often than males did (Fig. 12a)

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Copyright@2020EPMEWSEIf you chose "other" in Figure 12, please specify (free answer)(under analysis)
Question 13. Do you want to continue working home from the viewpoint of the work-lifebalance in ordinary period? (The number of respondents is 10,988)
59.4% Yes

12.2% No

28.4% Others

Fig.13 Do you want to implement telecommuting?
N/A
None

Yes
59.1%

9.5%

Others
N/A
31.4%

51.9%

15.6%

32.5%

Partner

73.4%

Partner
7.1%19.5%

58.2%

13.2% 28.7%

Baby (Babies) or Pupil(s) in Pre-school

74.8%

Baby
7.2%18.1%(Babie…

65.7%

12.3% 21.9%

Pupil(s) in Elementary/Middle school/High school

74.0%

Pupil(s)6.7%19.3%
in…

58.3%

13.6% 28.1%

Adult(s) more than 18 years

64.4%

Adult(s)8.9% 26.7%
more…

52.2%

14.4%

33.4%

Parent(s)64.8%Parent(s9.2% 26.0%
)

53.9%

12.1%

34.0%

Others64.8%

Others
8.5% 26.8%

55.4%

12.4% 32.2%

Fig.13aFemaleMaleThis question asked whether one would like to continue working from home even after the endof the pandemic of COVID-19. Regardless of genders, most researchers (59.4%) replied “yes”(Fig. 13). However, it was noteworthy that female researchers with young families wanted
telework more than their male counterparts (Fig. 13a below).
Question 14. For the respondents choosing Yes in the questionnaire 13, what is the main
reason for?

(Check all that apply) (The number of respondents is 6,402).
Childcare task

48.1%

Nursing care task

31.6%

Transfer in long distance commuting

19.3%

Medical treatment

42.1%

Others

34.1%
0.0%

30.0%

60.0%

Fig. 14 When would you like to work from home?

If you chose "other" in Figure 14, please specify (free answer)(under analysis)

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Copyright@2020EPMEWSESurvey Wrap-Up(1) Due to various restrictions under the emergency declaration, about 80% of respondents
have anxiety for research and education.

(2) Limited-term employees and students are most anxious.
(3) Increased childcare/nursing/housekeeping has caused obstacles in work, especiallyagainst female researchers.

(4) The majority of both female and male respondents want to continue working from homeeven after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Requests to Japanese government from EPMEWSETaking the above results into consideration, EPMEWSE requests the following measures to theJapanese Government.
(I)

Extend the period of employment and research grant(II) Postpone the deadline of research reports and reviews for tenure track(III) Support jobs of researchers who were obliged to return to Japan(IV) Expand

web

meeting/conference/official

teleworking

byimprovingnetwork

environment(V)

Reform awareness to improve the environment of female’s status in working

EPMEWSE:
Japan Inter-Society Liaison Association Committee
for Promoting Equal Participation of Men and Womenin Science and Engineering

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Copyright@2020EPMEWSE--- Questionnaires --Please send only once your answers even if you belong to several academic societies/
organizations. We apologize that there are errors in English translation in Questionnaire 7.2
and Questionnaire 10.
1. Gender (Required)□ Male □ Female □ No intention to answer
2-1. Your age at May 16, 2020□ 24 or less years □ 25-34 years □ 35-44 years □ 45-54 years □ 55 or more years
2-2. Location of your office (Choose the most frequent prefecture)
3-1. Your specialized area of research (Check the closest one)
□Mathematics □Electronics and Information □Physics□Chemical and Material Engineering □Life science and Biology □Civil Engineering□Mechanical Engineering □Earth and Planetary Science □Agriculture□Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacology □Health and Nursing □Others
3-2. Your Current Job Title (Check the closest one)
□Researcher □Research technician □Research associate, Assistant professor□Lecturer □Associate professor □Professor (PI) □Executive (Dean, executive board orequivalent) □student or graduate student □Others
3-3. Your Current Employment Status (Check the closest one)
□Limited-term (Including appointed, postdoc, temporary staff)□No limited-term (Including regular employment, self-employment)□Tenure tracked employment (Being allowed undergo review for a no limited-term
employment)□Student or graduate student□No intention to answer
4. Your family living with you (Check all that apply)□N/A□Partner□Baby (Babies) or Pupil(s) in Pre-school
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Copyright@2020EPMEWSE□Pupil(s) in Elementary/Middle school/High school□Adult(s) more than 18 years□Parent(s)□Others□No intention to answer
5. Do you have a family member under nursing care?
□Yes □No
6.

What is your current working status weekly under suspension? (Check the closest one)□Working home in full □Working once or twice a week
□Working more than three days a week
□Unchanged status
7-1 How does it change your current working time under suspension?
□Increased □Decreased □Unchanged
7-2 Have you changed your research subject under suspension?
□Yes □ No
7-3 How does it turn out the quality of your current research activity under suspension?
□ Better□ Worse□ Unchanged
7-4 Do you feel anxious about the status of your research under suspension?
□ Very much

□ A little □ No

7-5 What is the reason for your anxiety? (Check all that apply)□ Continuation of the current employment□ Review for tenure tracked employment□ Influence in career path
□ Research expenses execution□ Contents and quality of experiments or researches□ Instruct or supervise students□ Human relationship in affiliated institution□ Others (describe)
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Copyright@2020EPMEWSE(8-1, 8-2, 8-3, 8-4, 8-5: questionnaires to whom involved in education)
8-1 How does it change your current working time for education, under suspension?
□Increased □Decreased □Unchanged
8-2 How does it turn out the contents of education?
□ Contents unchanged□ Contents changed
8-3 How does it turn out the quality of education?
□ Quality getting better□ Quality getting worse□ Quality unchanged
8-4 Do you feel anxious about the status of education, under suspension?
□ Very much
□ A little□ No

8-5 What is the reason for your anxiety about the status of education?
(Check all that apply)□ Contents and quality of education□ Communication with students□ Decision school grades in examination□ Others (describe)
9-1 Do you feel anxious about your life, outside research/education, under suspension?
□ Very much
□ A little□ No□ No intention to answer
9-2 What is the reason for your anxiety about your life, outside research/education, undersuspension? (Check all that apply)□ Continuation of the current status□ Education of child(children)□ Partner's job
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Copyright@2020EPMEWSE□ Health/Health of family□ Others (describe)

10. What are problems in your current work ? (Check all that apply)□ Childcare task increased□ Nursing care task increased□ Housekeeping task increased□ Limited possibility of transfer in long distance commuting□ Cost of network access and additional equipments for remote work
□ Preparing for online courses□ Others (describe)
11. What kind of support do you request under suspension?
(Check all that apply)□ Extension of employment period□ Extension of research grant period□ Postpone submission time of research reports□ Improve network environment□ Postpone review time for tenure tracked employment□ Others (describe)
12. What kind of support do you request in working style in a near future?
(Check all that apply)□ Expand teleworking style□ Improve network environment□ Expand web meeting□ Expand web conference□ Introduce/Continue online courses and supervision in researches□ Online access for office procedures in affiliated institution□ Off-institutional use of Computers□ Supply cost to improve network environment for working home
□ Off-institutional access for the research articles through VPN□ Others (describe)
13. Do you want to continue working home from the viewpoint of the work-life balancein ordinary period?
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Copyright@2020EPMEWSE□ Yes□ No□ Others (describe)
14. For the respondents choosing Yes in the questionnaire 13,
what is the main reason for?
□ Childcare task
□ Nursing care task
□ Transfer in long distance commuting□ Medical treatment□ Others (describe)

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Copyright@2020EPMEWSE