Proceedings of the Thirty-second (2022) International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference
Shanghai, China, June 5–10, 2022
Copyright © 2022 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE)
ISBN 978-1-880653-81-4; ISSN 1098-6189

www.isope.org

SPH Simulation of Wave Impact on Coastal Bridge Piers
Guozhen Cai1, Min Luo1, Abbas Khayyer2 and Xizeng Zhao1
1Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China

2Department of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

particle methods can be categorized into the weakly-compressible
methods such as Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) (Monaghan1994) and the Finite Particle Method Zhang et al. (2020), as well as theprojection-based methods such as the Moving Particle Semi-implicit(MPS) method (Khayyer et al. 2019), Incompressible Smoothed Particle
Hydrodynamics (ISPH) (Chow et al. 2018), Meshless Local Petrov
Galerkin (MLPG) (Ma 2005) and Consistent Particle Method (CPM)(Koh et al. 2012). The fundamental theories, numerical technologies andengineering applications of particle methods have been obtaining
significant developments, which are comprehensively summarized inrecent reviews (Vacondio et al. 2020, Gotoh et al. 2021, Luo et al. 2021,
Sriram and Ma 2021).

ABSTRACTThe wave impact on piers is a concerning problem for coastal bridges.
In this study, the coastal bridge pier is simplified to a two-dimensional
fixed submerged obstacle, and the solitary wave interaction with it issimulated by the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code
SPHinXsys. SPHinXsys is based on the weakly-compressible SPH andinvokes the low-dissipation Riemann solver for alleviating numericalnoises. The capability of SPHinXsys in reproducing the physics ofsolitary propagating through the obstacle is demonstrated by publishedexperimental data. Through the comparison with the numerical results
produced by the projection-based Consistent Particle Method (CPM), theaccuracy of the two methods in simulating this problem is commented.
Based on the simulation results, the features of the wave-structure
process are examined.

The particle methods have been extensively used for simulating wave
interaction with fixed coastal structures. Among these, Wei et al. (2015)
studied the tsunami bore impact on bridge piers by using the SPH code
GPUSPH. The flow field and bed shear stress around the pier, as well as
the hydrodynamic loading on the pier under different pier shapes andorientations, were investigated. Wei and Dalrymple (2016) studied thetsunami impacts on the superstructures of a coastal bridge and examinedthe effectiveness of adding up-wave service road and offshore
breakwater in reducing tsunami actions. Aristodemo et al. (2017) appliedthe δ-SPH model to study the force exerted on a submerged horizontal
circular cylinder by the solitary wave. After calibrating thehydrodynamic coefficients in the empirical formula for horizontal andvertical forces, the drag, inertia and lift force components were analysed.
In the following study of the authors, the semi-analytical estimation of
the solitary-wave induced horizontal loads on a square barrier wasstudied (Tripepi et al. 2020). By using the SPH open-source code
DualSPHysics, Pringgana et al. (2021) studied the influence of theorientations and arrangements of onshore structures on tsunami impacts.

KEY WORDS: Wave Impact; Solitary wave; Coastal Structure;
SPHinXsys; CPM
INTRODUCTION
More and more sea-crossing bridges have been built in the world forconnecting important coastal cities. Such mega bridging projects are
subjected to ocean wave impacts, which possess a huge threat to the safe
operations of sea-crossing bridges. A tsunami is a kind of disastrous
wave that can apply destructive actions onto coastal bridges and should
be carefully considered in the structure design and maintenance. In thiscontext, this study simplifies a bridge pier to a two-dimensional (2D)
fixed submerged obstacle and investigate its interaction with the solitarywave, which represents the tsunami due to their resemblance.
With the rapid development of computer hardware and numericalalgorithms, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) modelling has been
an important tool in analyzing wave structure interaction problems.
Among the various numerical models, the Lagrangian particle methods
have been rapidly developed and widely used due to their intrinsic
advantages in handling large deformation, moving interface, etc. TypicalIn the category of the projection-based particle methods, Shao (2005)
simulated the solitary wave interaction with a vertical surface penetrating
obstacle by using ISPH and studied the wave reflection and transmission,as well as the wave impinging characteristics. (Zhang et al. 2016) applied
the MPS method to study the interaction of solitary waves with flat plates.

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