22．ല↪᳓Ḱߣࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌ߩⷞὐ߆ࠄ⷗ߚㇺᏒߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔᴺAn Evaluation Approach of Compact City from viewpoints of Quality of Life and Energy ConsumptionḴ਄ ┨ᔒ*Shoshi MIZOKAMI*
We will show a micro-economic based quantitative analysis scheme to evaluate the degree of compactness of cities
that takes into accounts 1) the utility theory based on transportation and composite goods consumption behavior, and2) a consistency between the level of utility and energy consumption. Such scheme is sometimes used in
microeconomic modeling for policy analysis. However, we evaluate such the spatial structure of urban form as atransportation network configuration and land use condition that can reduce the energy consumption and get cities
much compact.
Keywords: sustainable urban transportation, compact city, energy consumption, micro-economic policy analysis
EST㧘ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ࠪ࠹ࠖ㧘ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂㧘ࡒࠢࡠ᡽╷⹏ଔ㧝㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ
↪᳓Ḱࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߣ޿߁᧦ઙਅߢࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍᦨዊᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߩ᭎ᔨߪ੹ᓟߩㇺᏒ㐿⊒ߦ߅ߌࠆ㊀ⷐߥࡄ࡜ ൻߒߚ႐ว㧘ߘߩ⸃ࠍᤨὐ㑆߿࿾ၞ㑆ߢታ❣୯ߣᲧセߔࠆ㧚࠳ࠗࡓߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘࠇࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆ৻ߟߩᣇ╷ߪࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ࠪ ߎࠇߦࠃߞߡ㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥㇺᏒ᭴ㅧ߿੤ㅢᣉ╷߇㧘୘ੱߩ࠹ࠖߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ㇺᏒߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈࠍ੤ㅢߩ㕙߆ ല↪᳓Ḱࠍૐਅߐߖࠆߎߣߥߊ㧘ㇺᏒో૕ߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ൻ
ࠄቯ㊂⊛ߦ⹏ଔߔࠆᜰᮡߣߒߡߪ㧘න૏࠻࡝࠶ࡊ޽ߚࠅߩ ߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ߆ࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆ㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘↢ᵴߩ⾰ࠍૐਅߐߖࠆ
ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂߿ⅣႺ⽶⩄㊂ߣ޿ߞߚࡑࠢࡠᜰᮡ߇↪޿ ߎߣߥߊࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍ೥ᷫߢ߈㧘߆ߟߘࠇߦࠃߞߡ
ࠄࠇ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩㇺᏒ㑆Ყセ߿ㇺᏒ᭴ㅧߣߩ㑐ଥᕈࠍಽᨆߒ ↢ߓࠆᄖㇱਇ⚻ᷣࠍ↢ߓߐߖߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥㇺᏒᵴേࠍน⢻ߦߚ⎇ⓥߪ㧘⪺ฬߥᢥ₂ 1)ࠍߪߓ߼㧘ߘߩᢙߪᄙ޿ 2), 3)㧚ߒ ߔࠆታⴕน⢻ߥㇺᏒ᭴ㅧࠍ⷗಴ߘ߁ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚߆ߒ㧘੤ㅢ✂߿࿯࿾೑↪ߣ޿ߞߚ⹦⚦ߥㇺᏒ᭴ㅧߣࡑࠢࡠ
৻ᣇߢ㧘ㇺᏒߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ൻߪ㧘ㅒߦ੤ㅢᷦṛ߿Ꮢⴝ࿾ᜰᮡߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ᣿␜⊛ߦ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ⸶ߢߪߥ޿ߩߢ㧘ㇺᏒ ኒ㓸ߦࠃࠆ↢ᵴⅣႺߩᖡൻࠍ᜗ߊߣ޿߁෻⺰߽ਥᒛߐࠇߡ
ߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ൻࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥౕ૕⊛ㇺᏒ᡽ ޿ࠆ㧚ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ࠪ࠹ࠖߣ޿߁ᣉ╷ࠍታⴕน⢻ߥ߽ߩߦߔ
╷߇᦭ല߆ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߦߪචಽߣߪ⸒߃ߥ޿㧚ߎࠇߦኻߒ ࠆߦߪ㧘ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߩ೥ᷫߣ⋧෻ߔࠆ⋡⊛㧘ߚߣ߃ߡ㧘࿯࿾೑↪㧙੤ㅢࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ᭴▽ߒ㧘ౖဳ⊛ߥㇺᏒ᭴ㅧࠪ ߫✚੤ㅢ⾌↪ߩ೥ᷫࠍหᤨߦ⸃᳿ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩߚ࠽࡝ࠝߦၮߠ޿ߡ᡽╷ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍⴕ߁⎇ⓥ 4), 5), ߼ߦ㧘ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔᜰᮡߣߒߡ㧘ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߣ
6), 7)
ߪ㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄⅣႺ⽶⩄ૐᷫߦነਈߔࠆലᨐ⊛ߥᣉ ࠻࡟࡯࠼ࠝࡈߩ㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ✚੤ㅢ⾌↪ߥߤ߽ዉ╷ࠍ⷗޿ߛߔߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆὐߢ᦭↪ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘 ౉ߒ㧘ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈᜰᮡࡌࠢ࠻࡞ࠍ⋡⊛㑐ᢙߣߒߚᄙ⋡⊛ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⚿ᨐߪ᭴▽ߐࠇߚ࿯࿾೑↪㧙੤ㅢࡕ࠺࡞ ᦨㆡൻ໧㗴ߦ᜛ᒛߒߚ㧚ߩផቯ♖ᐲߦᄢ߈ߊଐሽߔࠆߣ޿߁⺖㗴߽ᱷߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᧄ⺰ߪ㧘㧞㧚ߢࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ࠺࡞ࠍቯᑼൻߒ㧘㧟㧚ㇺᏒߩ⻉ᵴേߪࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩᶖ⾌ࠍ઻߁ᵴ⊒ߥ੤ㅢࠨ࡯ ߢߪ㧘ല↪㑐ᢙࠍߪߓ߼ߣߒߚฦ⒳ࠨࡉࡕ࠺࡞ߩቯᑼൻߣ
ࡆࠬ߿⽷ߩᶖ⾌ߦࠃߞߡᡰ߃ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚߎߣ߽੐ታߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ߘߩ․ቯൻࠍⴕ߁㧚㧠㧚ߢߪ㧘㐿⊒ߒߚࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ㧷ㇺᏒ࿤ߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘
නߦࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍ೥ᷫߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊ㧘 ߩ2ᤨὐߦㆡ↪ߒ㧘ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔᜰᮡ୯ߥߤࠍ⇣ᤨὐ㑆⃻࿷ߩ୘‫ߩੱޘ‬ല↪᳓Ḱࠍૐਅߐߖߕߦ㧘޿߆ߦㇺᏒో૕ ߿࠱࡯ࡦ㑆ߢᲧセߔࠆߥߤߩಽᨆࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᦨᓟߦ㧡㧚ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂߿ⅣႺ⽶⩄㊂ࠍ೥ᷫߐߖࠆ߆߇㊀ⷐߥ ߢᓧࠄࠇߚ⚿ᨐߩ⠨ኤߣ੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴࠆ㧚⎇ⓥ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥਛߢ㧘⃻࿷ߩࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ᳓Ḱ ࠍ⛽ᜬߒߥ߇ࠄࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍᦨዊൻߐߖࠆ੤ㅢࡄ࠲ 㧞㧚ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ࠺࡞ߩቯᑼൻ
࡯ࡦࠍ᳞߼ࠆⷙ▸⊛ߥࡒࠢࡠ⚻ᷣࡕ࠺࡞ࠍឭ᩺ߒ㧘ߘࠇࠍ ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߩㇺᏒ᭴ㅧ߿੤ㅢ᡽╷ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿ࠆ㕍ጊ࡮ 㧔㧝㧕ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ࠺࡞ߩ᭎ⷐ
ਛᎹࠄߩ৻ㅪߩ⎇ⓥ 8), 9) ߪ⥝๧ᷓ޿㧚ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ࠺࡞ߩቯᑼൻࠍⴕ߁ߦᒰߚߞߡ㧘એᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪᓐࠄߩ⎇ⓥࠍ৻⥸ൻߔࠆ㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘ࡕࡆ࡝࠹ ਅߩࠃ߁ߥ઒ቯࠍዉ౉ߔࠆ㧚ࠖ᳓Ḱࠍⷙቯߔࠆ੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߛߌߢߪߥߊ㧘৻⥸⽷ߩᶖ 1) ࠱࡯ࡦ i ߦዬ૑ߔࠆઍ⴫⊛୘ੱߩᶖ⾌ߪ㧘੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ
⾌߽฽߼ߚ୘ੱߩല↪㑐ᢙࠍቯ⟵ߒ㧘ߘߩ୘ੱߩ⃻࿷ߩല 㧔એᓟ㧘ࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖߣ⸥ߔ㧕ߣߘࠇએᄖߩ⽷㧔৻⥸⽷ߣ⸥*ᱜળຬ࡮ᾢᧄᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧔Kumamoto University㧕- 127 -

㧘I i ߪ࠱࡯ࡦ࠻࡝࠶ࡊߩᐔဋ৻⥸ൻ⾌↪㧔౞/࠻࡝࠶ࡊ㨯ᣣ㧕ല↪ u ii ߦዬ૑ߔࠆ 1 ੱ 1 ᣣ޽ߚࠅߩᚲᓧ㧔౞/ੱ㨯ᣣ㧕ߢ޽ࠆ㧚V1
৻⥸⽷ x1i

D1

D2ࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ x 2i㧔㧟㧕⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱ਄⸥ߩല↪㑐ᢙࠍ↪޿ߡ⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱࠍ▚಴ߔࠆߦߪ㧘એਅߩࠃ߁ߥᲑ㓏⊛ߥ⸃ᴺࠍ↪޿ࠆ㧚߹ߕ㧘୘ੱߪ੤ㅢߦ
ᡰ಴น⢻ߥ੍▚೙⚂᧦ઙਅߢࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ᳓Ḱߩᦨᄢൻⴕേ
ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄ㧘ਅ૏Ბ㓏ߩⴕേߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߦቯᑼൻ
ߐࠇࠆ㧚

V2⥄േゞ࠻࡝࠶ࡊ x 2Ci

D 2 C D 2 M 㧹㨀࠻࡝࠶ࡊ x 2 Mi࿑䋭䋱㩷 ጀൻ 㪚㪜㪪 ဳല↪㑐ᢙ䈱᭴ㅧ㩷ߔ㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩ㔛ⷐ㊂ߪ x 2i 㧘 x1i ߢ޽ࠆ㧚^D x

(V 2 1) / V 2
2 C 2Cimax : x2i

x2 Ci , x2 Mi2) ࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖߩᶖ⾌ߪ⥄േゞ㧔C㧕ߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐㧔M㧕
ߦࠃࠆ࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙ x 2Ci 㧘 x 2 Mi ߢ⴫⃻ߐࠇࠆ㧚

 D 2 M x2(VMi1) / V
22`

V 2 /(V 2 1)

 (6)p2Ci x2Ci  p2 Mi x2 Mi d I 2is.t.

3) ⃻࿷㧘୘ੱߪฦ⥄ߩല↪ u i ( x1i , x 2Ci , x 2 Mi ) ߇ᦨᄢߣߥࠆ

ߎߎߢ㧘I 2 i ߪ 1 ੱ 1 ᣣ޽ߚࠅߩ✚੤ㅢ⾌↪㧔౞/ੱ㨯ᣣ㧕ߢࠃ߁ߥ৻⥸⽷ߩᶖ⾌㧘߅ࠃ߮⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆ࠻࡝࠶ࡊࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩߣ߈㧘⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱ u i* ( x1*i , x 2*Ci , x 2* Mi ) ࠍ⛽ᜬߒߥ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩല↪ᦨᄢൻ໧㗴ߩ⸃ߢ޽ࠆ⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ
*㑐ߦࠃࠆ࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙߣࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ᳓Ḱߩᦨㆡ୯ x2mi
㧘x2i* ߪ⸃ᨆ⊛ߦએਅߩࠃ߁ߦዉ߆ࠇࠆ㧚߇ࠄ㧘ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈߩ⹏ଔᜰᮡࡌࠢ࠻࡞ E i ࠍᦨㆡൻߔࠆฦ

V2

⽷ߩ㔛ⷐ㊂ࠍ᳞߼ࠆࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ࠺࡞ߪਅ⸥ߩࠃ߁
ߦቯᑼൻߐࠇࠆ㧚x2*mi§ D 2m ·I 2i¸¸¨¨
     (7)
V
1V
V
1V
p
D
p
2 C 2 Ci  D 2 M p 2 Mi
© 2 mi ¹^E1i , E2i ,, E Ni `    (1)x 2*i(D 2VC2 p 12CiV 2  D 2VM2 p 12MiV 2 )1 /(V 2 1)  I 2i     (8)min : Ei ( x1i , x2Ci , x2 Mi )x1i , x2 Ci , x2 Mi

s.t. u i ( x1i , x 2Ci , x 2 Mi )u i* ( x1*i , x 2*Ci , x 2*Mi )   (2)ߦ㧘ല↪㑐ᢙࠍቯ⟵ߔࠆ㧚࠱࡯ࡦ i ߦ૑߻ઍ⴫⊛ߥ୘ੱߩല↪ߪ㧘࿑䋭㪈 ߩࠃ߁ߥ 2 ጀߩ Nested ᭴ㅧߢ⴫ߐࠇ㧘Ბ㓏
ߏߣߦ 2 ⽷㑆ߩઍᦧᒢജᕈࠍ೎୘ߦ⸳ቯߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁ᨵエᕈࠍᜬߟጀൻ CES ဳߩല↪㑐ᢙ 10) ࠍዉ౉ߔࠆ㧚ߎߩ਄૏Ბ㓏ߣਅ૏Ბ㓏ߩ㑐ଥߪߘࠇߙࠇᰴᑼߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ㧚^D x
x ( x , x ) ^D x
ui ( x1i , x2i )
2i

2 Ci

2 Mi

(V 1 1) / V 1
1 1i

 D 2 x2(Vi 1) / V(V 2 1) / V 2
2 C 2 Ci

11

 D 2M x`

V 1 /(V 1 1)

max : ui
x1i , x2 i

s.t.

`

(4)

2

^D x

(V 1 1) / V 1
1 1i

 D 2 x2(Vi 1) / V
11`

V 1 /(V 1 1)     (9)p1i x1i  p2i x2i d I i

V1

x

*
ki

§ Dk ·I 2i¸¸¨¨
      (10)
V
1V
V 1V
© pki ¹ D1 p1i  D 2 p2i
1

2

1

1

ᑼ(7)㧘(8)㧘(10)ࠃࠅ㧘࠱࡯ࡦ i ⊒ߩ੤ㅢᯏ㑐 m ߦࠃࠆᦨㆡ
ߥ࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙߪએਅߣߥࠆ㧚V2xߪ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ਄૏Ბ㓏ߣਅ૏Ბ㓏ߩઍᦧߩᒢജᕈ
V1, V 2‫ޓ‬ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ฦᲑ㓏ߦ߅ߌࠆ 2 ⽷㑆ߩઍᦧᕈߩ⒟ᐲࠍ⴫ߔ㧚߹ߚ㧘D 1 ߣD 2 㧘߅ࠃ߮D 2C ߣD 2 M ߪ㧘৻⥸⽷ߣࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ㧘߅ࠃ߮⥄േゞߦࠃࠆ࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆ࠻࡝
࠶ࡊᢙߩಽ㈩ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩᲑ㓏ߢߩ✚ᡰ಴㗵ߦኻߔࠆฦ⽷߳ߩ㈩ಽᡰ಴Ყ₸ࠍ⴫ߔ㧚ᑼ(3)ߣ(4)ߢቯ
⟵ߐࠇߚല↪㑐ᢙࠍᚲᓧ೙⚂2৻⥸ᶖ⾌⽷ߣࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖߩ㔛ⷐ㑐ᢙߪ㧘ߎߩᦨㆡൻ໧㗴ߩ⸃ߣߒߡ㧘ᰴᑼߩࠃ߁ߦ⸃ᨆ⊛ߦ⴫ߐࠇࠆ㧚   (3)

(V 2 1) / V 2 V 2 /(V 2 1)
2 Mi

2৻ᣇ㧘਄૏Ბ㓏ߢߪ㧘୘ੱߪᚲᓧ೙⚂ਅߢߩല↪ᦨᄢൻࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄ㧘ߘߩⴕേߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߦቯᑼൻߐࠇࠆ㧚ߎߎߢ㧘Eni ߪࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂߿✚੤ㅢᤨ㑆ߥߤߩࠦࡦࡄ
ࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔᜰᮡߢ޽ࠅ㧘 x1i , x 2Ci , x 2 Mi ߩ㑐ᢙߢ޽ࠆ㧚㧔㧞㧕ല↪㑐ᢙߩቯ⟵
ᑼ(2)ߩ⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱ u i* ( x1*i , x 2*Ci , x 2* Mi ) ࠍ᳞߼ࠆߚ߼

2

*
2 mi

V 2 V 1§ D 2 m · V V 1V¸¸ D 2 (D 2C p2Ci  D 2VM p12MiV ) 1V¨¨© p2 mi ¹
1

2

2

2

2

2

1

1V
­°
½°
 ®D1V p11iV  D 2V (D 2VC p12CiV  D 2VM p12MiV ) 1V ¾  I i
°̄
°¿
1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

2

(11)

ߎࠇࠄࠍᑼ(3)ߣᑼ(4)ߦઍ౉ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘⃻࿷ߩല↪
᳓Ḱ u i* ( x1*i , x 2*Ci , x 2*Mi ) ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߚߛߒ㧘 p1i ߪ࠾ࡘࡔ࡟࡯࡞ߣߒߡ p1i

p1i x1i  p2Ci x2Ci  p2 Mi x2 Mi d I i       (5)1 ߣߔࠆ㧚

㧔㧠㧕ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈߩ⹏ଔᜰᮡ ߎߎߢߪ㧘৻⥸⽷ߩᶖ⾌㧘߅ࠃ߮⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩਅߢᦨᄢൻߔࠆ⸃ x1*i , x 2*Ci , x 2* Mi ࠍ᳞߼ࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ߦࠃࠆ࠻࡝࠶ࡊߦࠃߞߡᶖ⾌ߐࠇࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ E1i 㧘⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱ u i* ( x1*i , x 2*Ci , x 2* Mi ) ࠍ▚಴ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈
߅ࠃ߮ߘࠇߣ࠻࡟࡯࠼ࠝࡈ㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ✚੤ㅢࠆ㧚ߎߎߢ㧘 p1i ߪ৻⥸ᶖ⾌⽷ 1 න૏޽ߚࠅߩଔᩰ㧘 ᤨ㑆 E ࠍࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈߩ⹏ଔᜰᮡߣߔࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߪਅ⸥
2i
p 2Ci , p 2 Mi ߪ⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆ࠱࡯ࡦ i ߆ࠄߩ ߢቯᑼൻߐࠇࠆ

- 128 -

㩿㫂㫄 㪉㪀

⴫䋭䋱㩷 䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷ᶖ⾌ේන૏㩷㩿ੱ㪆㫂㫄㪉 㪀

㪐㪇

1984

1997

㪏㪇
㪎㪇

e1 

৻⥸⽷ᶖ⾌㧔kcal/ੱ࡮ᣣ㧕

2.97

2.46

e 2C

⥄േゞ࠻࡝࠶ࡊ㧔kcal/ੱ࡮ಽ㧕

137.38142.74e2M

MT ࠻࡝࠶ࡊ㧔kcal/ੱ࡮ಽ㧕

17.55

17.68

㪈㪉㪇㪇㪇
㪈㪇㪇㪇㪇

㪍㪇

㪏㪇㪇㪇

㪌㪇

㪍㪇㪇㪇

㪋㪇
㪊㪇

㪋㪇㪇㪇

㪉㪇

E1i

e1 x1i  e 2 t 2Ci x 2Ci  e3 t 2 Mi x 2 Mi    

E 2i

p 2Ci x 2Ci  p 2 Mi x 2 Mi        

㪈㪇

(12)
(13)

౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆ࠱࡯ࡦ i ߆ࠄ⋡⊛࿾࠱࡯ࡦ߹ߢߩᐔဋᚲ
ⷐᤨ㑆ߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ᶖ⾌⠪ߩല↪ᦨᄢൻⴕേߩ⚿ᨐߢ޽ࠆ⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߣ޿߁᧦ઙਅߢ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ⋡⊛㑐ᢙࡌࠢ࠻࡞ࠍᦨ
ㆡൻߒߚߣ߈ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂߿✚੤ㅢᤨ㑆ߣߎࠇࠄߩ
ታ❣୯ߣࠍᲧセߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘࠱࡯ࡦ೎ߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻
ᕈߩ⹏ଔ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᤨὐ㑆ߩ⸃ߩᲧセࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈߩ⚻ᤨᄌൻࠍಽᨆߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ
߈ࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘޿ߊߟ߆ߩㇺᏒ࿤ߦᧄࡕ࠺࡞ࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈߩ᳓ḰߣㇺᏒ᭴ㅧ߿੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆ
ࠬ᳓Ḱߥߤߣߩ㑐ଥࠍಽᨆߔࠆߎߣ߽น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ㧚

㪉㪇㪇㪇

㪇
㪇
㪈㪐㪍㪇 㪈㪐㪍㪌 㪈㪐㪎㪇 㪈㪐㪎㪌 㪈㪐㪏㪇 㪈㪐㪏㪌 㪈㪐㪐㪇 㪈㪐㪐㪌 㪉㪇㪇㪇 㪉㪇㪇㪌࿑䋭䋲㩷 䌋ㇺᏒ࿤䈱䌄䌉䌄䈱㕙Ⓧ䈫ੱญኒᐲ䈱ផ⒖㩷

ߎߎߢ㧘e1 , e 2 , e 3 ߪߘࠇߙࠇ৻⥸⽷㧘⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ
㑐ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌ේන૏㧔kcal/ੱ㨯ᣣ㧘kcal/ੱ㨯ಽ㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘⴫䋭䋱ߦߘߩ୯ࠍ␜ߔ 11)㧚߹ߚ㧘t2Ci , t2 Mi ߪ⥄േゞߣ౏䌄䌉䌄࿾඙㕙Ⓧ䌄䌉䌄࿾඙ੱญኒᐲ

ട㊀ᐔဋࠍߣࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ᳞߼ߚ㧚3) ⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩ 1 ࠻࡝࠶ࡊ޽ߚࠅߩ⊒࠱࡯ࡦ೎৻⥸ൻ⾌↪ p2Ci , p2 Mi ߪ㧘2㧕ߢ᳞߼ߚ OD 㑆ᚲⷐᤨ㑆ߦ㧘⿛ⴕㅦᐲߦኻߔࠆ⿛ⴕ⾌↪ේන૏ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚ⥄േゞߩᤨ㑆
ଔ୯ZC1984 =23.7㧘Z C1997 =38.1 ࠍ㧘౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߪZ M1984 =24.7㧘

Z M1997 =40.0㧔න૏ߪోߡ౞/ੱ㨯ಽ㧕ࠍ߆ߌߡ᳞߼ߚ 12)㧚/ੱ㨯ᣣ㧕4) ࠱࡯ࡦ i ߦዬ૑ߔࠆ 1 ੱ 1 ᣣ޽ߚࠅߩᚲᓧ I 㧔౞iߪ㧘K ᏒߩนಣಽᚲᓧߩᏒౝว⸘ࠍ࿾ଔ౏␜߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆ
૑ቛ↪ㅜߩ࿯࿾ߩ౏␜࿾ଔߦᲧ଀ߒߡ㈩ಽߒߚ㧚5) ৻⥸⽷ߩᶖ⾌㊂ x1i ߪ㧘I i ߆ࠄ࠱࡯ࡦ i ߦዬ૑ߔࠆ 1 ੱ 1ᣣ޽ߚࠅߩ੤ㅢ⾌↪ࠍᒁ޿ߡ᳞߼ࠆ㧚㧔㧞㧕ല↪㑐ᢙߩࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߩផቯ
߹ߕ㧘ઍᦧߩᒢജᕈV 1 , V 2 ࠍផቯߔࠆ㧚ᑼ(10)ࠃࠅ㧘৻㧟㧚ᧂ⍮ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߩផቯ
㧔㧝㧕࠺࡯࠲ߩ෼㓸㧘߅ࠃ߮૞ᚑᣇᴺ
ᲣㇺᏒߢ޽ࠆ K Ꮢߩੱᧄࡕ࠺࡞ࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆ K ㇺᏒ࿤ߪ㧘
ญ߇ 67 ਁੱ㧘ㇺᏒ࿤ੱญ߇ 100 ਁੱߢ޽ࠆ㧚࿑䋭䋲ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘K ㇺᏒ࿤ߩ DID ࿾඙ߩ㕙Ⓧߪᐕ‫ޘ‬㧘᜛ᄢߒߡ޿ࠆ
ߩߦኻߒߡ㧘ੱญኒᐲߪૐਅߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ࠬࡊࡠ࡯࡞ൻ߇ㅴ
ⴕߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߘߎߢ㧘੤ㅢ㑐ㅪߩၮ␆࠺࡯࠲ߣߥࠆࡄ࡯࠰
ࡦ࠻࡝࠶ࡊ⺞ᩏ߇ታᣉߐࠇߚ 1984 ᐕߣ 1997 ᐕߩ 2 ᤨὐߦ߅޿ߡ㧘਄⸥ߢឭ᩺ߒߚࡕ࠺࡞ࠍㆡ↪ߒ㧘1) ਔᤨὐߢߩ✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂߿✚੤ㅢ⾌↪ߩታ❣୯ߣᦨㆡ୯ߣߩᲧセ㧘߅ࠃ߮2) ਔᤨὐ㑆ߢߩߎࠇࠄߩ⚻ᤨᄌൻߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁㧚߹ߕ㧘ല↪㑐ᢙߩផቯߩߚ߼ߦ૶↪ߒߚ࠺࡯࠲ߩ෼㓸㧘
૞ᚑᣇᴺࠍએਅߦ⸃⺑ߔࠆ㧚1) 1 ੱ 1 ᣣ޽ߚࠅߩ⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆ࠻࡝࠶ࡊ
ᢙ x 2Ci 㧘 x2 Mi 㧔࠻࡝࠶ࡊ/ੱ㨯ᣣ㧕ߪ㧘ࡄ࡯࠰ࡦ࠻࡝࠶ࡊ⺞ᩏߩ 1 ᣣ޽ߚࠅߩ೑↪੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎ߩ࠻࡝࠶ࡊࠍ⊒࠱࡯ࡦ೎ߦ㓸⸘ߒ㧘ዬ૑ੱญߢ㒰ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚੤ㅢ⋡⊛ߪᬺോ㧘ㅢൕ࡮ㅢቇ㧘⾈޿‛ߣߘࠇߙࠇ߆ࠄߩᏫቛࠍวࠊߖߚ߽ߩ
ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ㧚ߥ߅㧘ዬ૑࠱࡯ࡦࠍࡌ࡯ࠬߣߒߚಽᨆࠍⴕ߁
ߚ߼ߦ㧘Ꮻቛ࠻࡝࠶ࡊߪ⌕࠱࡯ࡦ೎ߦ㓸⸘ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚2) ⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆ࠱࡯ࡦ i ߆ࠄߩᐔဋᚲⷐ
ᤨ㑆 t 2Ci , t 2 Mi ߪ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ೑↪⠪ဋ╬㈩ಽ㧘⏕₸㈩ಽࠍ↪

⥸ൻ⾌↪ࠍଔᩰߣߔࠆ⥄േゞ㧘౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩ࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙ
ߩ⥄Ꮖଔᩰᒢജᕈߪ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇH 2 miV 1  (V 2  V 1 )p2 mi x2 mip xp x (1  V 1 ) 2 mi 2 mi 2i 2i
I 2i
I 2i
Ii

ߣߥࠆ߆ࠄ㧘H 2Ci , H 2 Mi ߇ᓧࠄࠇߐ߃ߔࠇ߫㧘਄⸥ߩㅪ┙ᣇ⒟ᑼ߆ࠄV 1 , V 2 ࠍផቯߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ߎߎߢߪ㧘W2Ciexp([  Jp 2Ci ) {exp([  Jp 2Ci )  exp(Jp 2 Mi )}ߥࠆ㓸⸘ࡠࠫ࠶࠻ဳ੤ㅢᯏ㑐ಽᜂ₸ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ․ቯൻߒ㧘

H 2 miwW2 mi W2 mi
wp2 mi p2 miJ  p2 mi  (1  W2 mi )ߦࠃߞߡផቯߒߚ㧚ᧄ᧪ߥࠄH 2 mi ߪ࠱࡯ࡦ i ߏߣߦ᳞߼ࠄ
ࠇࠆ߇㧘ߎߎߢߪߘߩ࠱࡯ࡦᐔဋ୯ࠍߣߞߡ৻⚵ߩ
H 2C , H 2 M ࠍ᳞߼㧘ߘࠇߦኻᔕߔࠆV 1 , V 2 ࠍផቯߒߚ㧚㓸⸘ࡠࠫ࠶࠻ဳ੤ㅢᯏ㑐ಽᜂ₸ࡕ࠺࡞ߩផቯ⚿ᨐࠍ⴫䋭䋲ߦ␜ߔ㧚⺑᣿ᄌᢙߪߘߩ╓ภ᧦ઙߪߔߴߡ⺰ℂ⊛ߢ޽ࠅ㧘 t ୯߽㜞ߊ㧘⛔⸘⊛᦭ᗧᕈ߽㜞޿㧚޿ߡ▚಴ߒߚ OD 㑆ᚲⷐᤨ㑆ࠍ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎ߩ OD ੤ㅢ㊂ߢ- 129 -

⴫䋭䋲㩷 ੤ㅢᯏ㑐ಽᜂ䊝䊂䊦䈱ផቯ⚿ᨐ㩷

1984

[
J

1997

[
J

ផቯ୯

㨠୯

0.634
-4.410-4
0.970-2.810-4

5.15
-5.88
8.26
-6.07

⴫䋭䋳㩷 ല↪㑐ᢙ䈱䊌䊤䊜䊷䉺䈱ផቯ୯㩷
ᐕ

H 2C

H 2M

V1

V2

D1

D2

D 2C D 2 M

1984-0.110 -0.613 1.387

0.612

0.321

0.679

0.893

0.107

1997

-0.052 -0.765 1.213

0.437

0.478

0.521

0.981

0.019

PT ⺞ᩏ࠺࡯࠲
ᚲᓧ࡮࿾ଔ
Step-1⃻࿷ߩ࠱࡯ࡦ೎ല↪᳓Ḱ࡮੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎****࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙ ui ( x1i , x2Ci , x2 Mi )ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ࠺࡞㈩ಽࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲D 2 mi , D ki ߪ㧘ߘߩቯ⟵ࠃࠅ㧘ฦᲑ㓏ߦ߅ߌࠆ✚ᡰ಴㗵ߦኻߔࠆฦ⽷߳ߩᡰ಴㗵ߩ㈩ಽᲧ₸ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᧄ᧪ߪ࠱࡯ࡦߏߣߦ
p2 mi x12/miV
p2Ci x12/CiV  p2 Mi x12/MiV
2

D 2 mi

2

D ki

2

1/ V1
ki ki

p x
p x  p2i x12/i V
1/ V1
1i 1i

1

(m

Step-2⊒࠱࡯ࡦ೎࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙ࡮৻⥸⽷ᶖ⾌㊂ x1i , x2Ci , x2 Mi

Step-5৻⥸ൻ⾌↪࡮ᚲⷐᤨ㑆p2 mi , t2 mi ߩᦝᣂ

C or M )⋡⊛࿾ㆬᛯࡕ࠺࡞

(K

Step-4⥄േゞ㧘౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ߳ߩ੤ㅢ㊂㈩ಽ

1,2)

ߣߥࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߎࠇࠄߦߟ޿ߡ߽࠱࡯ࡦᐔဋ୯ࠍߣߞߡ
৻⚵ߩD 1 ߣD 2 㧘D 2C ߣD 2 M ࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆ㧚

Step-3
OD ੤ㅢ㊂ x 2Cij , x2 Mij

෼᧤್ቯ

No

એ਄ߦࠃߞߡផቯߐࠇߚฦࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ࠍ⴫䋭䋳ߦ␜ߔ㧚ߎࠇࠃࠅ㧘એਅ߇ಽ߆ࠆ㧚1) D 2 M  D 2 C ࠃࠅ㧘ਔᐕߣ߽㧘੤ㅢ㑐ㅪᡰ಴ߦභ߼ࠆ⥄Yes✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ E1i✚੤ㅢ⾌↪ E 2iേゞ߳ߩᡰ಴Ყ₸ߩᣇ߇౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐߳ߩߘࠇࠃࠅᄢ߈޿㧚19972) D 21984
C  D 2 C ࠃࠅ㧘1984 ᐕߦᲧߴߡ 1997 ᐕߩᣇ߇ߘߩ

࿑䋭䋳㩷 䉮䊮䊌䉪䊃ᕈ⹏ଔ䈱ಽᨆ䊐䊨䊷㩷௑ะ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚3) D 21997  D 21984 ࠃࠅ㧘1984 ᐕߦᲧߒߡࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ߳ߩᡰ

⴫䋭䋴㩷 ⋡⊛࿾ㆬᛯ䊝䊂䊦䈱ផቯ⚿ᨐ㩷⥄േゞ಴Ყ₸ߪ 1997 ᐕߦߪዊߐߊߥߞߚ㧚4) V 21984 ! V 21997 ࠃࠅ㧘ࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ᳓Ḱߦኻߔࠆ⥄േゞߣ౏ਔ⠪ߩ౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩઍᦧߩᒢജᕈߪ 1984 ᐕߩᣇ߇ᄢ߈ߊ㧘⋧ኻ⊛ଔᩰ߇ᄌൻߒߚ႐วߩ⋧ኻ⊛㔛ⷐߩᄌൻߪ 1984 ᐕߩᣇ߇ࠃࠅᄢ߈޿㧚5) V 11984 ! V 11997 ࠃࠅ㧘ല↪᳓Ḱߦኻߔࠆࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖߣ৻⥸

1984

1997

ㇺᔃ࠳ࡒ࡯
ዬ૑ੱญ
৻⥸ൻ⾌↪
ㇺᔃ࠳ࡒ࡯
ዬ૑ੱญ
৻⥸ൻ⾌↪

౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐

ផቯ୯

t୯

ផቯ୯

t୯

0.0383
6.3910-6-0.00272
0.0966
5.5610-5-0.00182

1.31
1.51
43.9
3.67
18.9
60.7

-0.755
1.5910-5-3.2910-4-0.5989.8910-6-7.6910-5

17.5
2.57
8.78
10.9
1.63
2.64

⽷ᶖ⾌ߩઍᦧߩᒢജᕈߦߟ޿ߡ߽ 1984 ᐕߩᣇ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥ
ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠃࠅ㧘ਔ⠪ߩ⋧ኻଔᩰ߇ᄌൻߒߚ႐ว㧘৻⥸⽷ߣࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖߩ㔛ⷐ㊂ߦਈ߃ࠆ⋧ኻ⊛ߥᓇ㗀ߪ 1984ᐕߩᣇ߇ࠃࠅᄢ߈߆ߞߚ㧚એ਄ࠃࠅ㧘1984 ᐕߩᣇ߇ 1997 ᐕࠃࠅ߽ࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖߦኻ
ߔࠆᡰ಴Ყ₸ߪᄢ߈ߊ㧘ߘߩਛߢ⥄േゞ߳ߩᡰ಴Ყ₸߇౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐߳ߩᡰ಴Ყ₸ࠃࠅ߽ᄢ߈߆ߞߚߎߣ㧘߹ߚ㧘
1984ᐕߩᣇ߇㧘৻⥸⽷ߣࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖߩଔᩰᲧ㧘⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩଔᩰᲧ߇ᄌൻߒߚ㓙ߦߘࠇߙࠇߩ⋧ኻ⊛㔛ⷐߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀߇ 1997 ᐕߦᲧߴߡࠃࠅᄢ߈߆ߞߚߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆ㧚

Step-3㧦ᓟㅀߔࠆ⋡⊛࿾ㆬᛯࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃߞߡ㧘⋡⊛࿾ㆬᛯ⏕₸ࠍ▚಴ߒ㧘੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎ OD ੤ㅢ㊂ࠍ᳞߼ࠆ㧚
Step-4㧦੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎ OD ੤ㅢ㊂ࠍ㧘⥄േゞߪ೑↪⠪ဋⴧ㈩ಽᴺ㧘౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߪ⏕₸⊛㈩ಽᴺߢ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ㆏〝㧘߅ࠃ߮౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ߳㈩ಽߔࠆ㧚
Step-5㧦㈩ಽ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘৻⥸ൻ⾌↪ p2Ci , p2 Mi ߣᚲⷐᤨ㑆㧠㧚㧷ㇺᏒ࿤ߦ߅ߌࠆታ⸽ಽᨆ

ߎࠇࠄߩࠬ࠹࠶ࡊࠍ x1i 㧘߅ࠃ߮ x 2Ci 㧘 x2 Mi ߇෼᧤ߔࠆ߹

⥸⽷ߩ㔛ⷐ x1i ࠍ▚಴ߔࠆ㧚t2Ci , t2 Mi ࠍᦝᣂߒ㧘ౣᐲ㧘ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⸃ߊ㧚㧔㧝㧕ታ⸽ಽᨆߩࡈࡠ࡯
ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔᜰᮡߩಽᨆߪ࿑䋭䋳ߩࡈࡠ࡯ߦᓥߞߡ
ⴕ߁㧚એਅ㧘ฦࠬ࠹࠶ࡊࠍ᭎⺑ߔࠆ㧚
Step-1㧦ᑼ(10)㧘(11)ࠃࠅ࠱࡯ࡦ೎ߩ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙ㧘
߅ࠃ߮ᑼ(3)㧘(4)ࠃࠅ⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱࠍ▚಴ߔࠆ㧚
Step-2㧦ᑼ(1)ߣ(2)ߦࠃࠆࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘ᦨㆡᤨߩ⊒࠱࡯ࡦ೎੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙ x 2Ci 㧘x2 Mi ߣ৻ߢ➅ࠅ㄰ߔ㧚 ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ࠺࡞ߩ⸃ߣߒߡᓧࠄࠇࠆ⊒࠱࡯ࡦ೎੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙ߆ࠄ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎ OD ੤ㅢ㊂ࠍ੍᷹ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⋡⊛࿾ㆬᛯࡕ࠺࡞ࠍផቯߒߚ㧚ߎߎߢߪ㧘࠱࡯ࡦi ߩ㝯ജᐲᄌᢙߣߒߡዬ૑ੱญࠍ㧘࠱࡯ࡦ㑆ᛶ᛫ᄌᢙߣߒߡ
৻⥸ൻ⾌↪ p 2Cit , p 2 Mit ࠍ⺑᣿ᄌᢙߣߒߚ㓸⸘ဳࡠࠫ࠶࠻
ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚ផቯ⚿ᨐࠍ⴫䋭䋴ߦ␜ߔ㧚ਔᐕߣ߽㧘⺑᣿ᄌᢙߩ╓ภ᧦ઙߪ⺰ℂ⊛ߢ㧘⛔⸘⊛᦭ᗧᕈߪ㜞޿㧚

- 130 -

ᦨㆡᤨ

ታ❣

E1 : E 2 1 : 0

E1 : E 2౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐
⥄േゞ

2.7%

1.0%

2.5%

12.4%

13.7%

15.4%

0.85 : 0.15

1984
৻⥸⽷
9

✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂✚੤ㅢ⾌↪

9

7.13×10
3.84×108
18.9%

85.1%

83.6%

83.6%

9

6.77×10 (0.949)
4.97×108 (1.29)

0.8%

6.96×10 (0.976)
3.85×108 (1.00)

2.3%

15.0%

16.3%

1.9%

1997
80.3%
✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂✚੤ㅢ⾌↪

1.08×1010
8.40×108

81.3%

83.1%

1.06×1010 (0.981)
1.10×109 (1.31)

1.07×1010 (0.991)
9.01×108 (1.07)

ᵈ1㧕✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂㧘✚੤ㅢ⾌↪ߩන૏ߪ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇkcal/ᣣ㧘౞ߢ޽ࠅ㧘( )ౝߪታ❣ߦኻߔࠆᲧ₸ࠍ␜ߔ㧚ᵈ2㧕౞ࠣ࡜ࡈߩᄢ߈ߐߪ✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩౝ⸶ߪ৻⥸⽷㧘߅ࠃ߮⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩ࠻࡝࠶ࡊ
ߦࠃࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩᶖ⾌Ყ₸ࠍ⴫ߔ㧚࿑䋭䋴㩷 䉮䊮䊌䉪䊃ᕈ⹏ଔᜰᮡ䈱ታ❣୯䈫ᦨㆡ୯㩷

ታ❣

ᦨㆡᤨ

1984

1997

࿑䋭䋵㩷 䉹䊷䊮೎䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷ല₸ᕈᜰᮡ䈱ⓨ㑆ಽᏓ㧔㧞㧕ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔߩ⚿ᨐᄙ⋡⊛ᦨㆡൻ໧㗴ߢቯᑼൻߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔ
ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⸃ߊߚ߼ߦߪ㧘⋡⊛㑐ᢙࡌࠢ࠻࡞ࠍ૗ࠄ߆ߩᣇᴺ
ߢࠬࠞ࡜࡯ൻᦨㆡൻ໧㗴ߦᄌ឵ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚ߎߎߢߪ㧘⋡⊛㑐ᢙᑼ(12)ߣ(13)ߦ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ㊀ߺ E 1 , E 2 1  E 1 ࠍઃ
ߌߡട㊀๺ߔࠆ✢ᒻട㊀๺ᦨㆡൻࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚
2 ࿁ߩࡄ࡯࠰ࡦ࠻࡝࠶ࡊ⺞ᩏᤨߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ല↪᳓Ḱࠍ೙⚂᧦ઙߣߒߡࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡌࠢ࠻࡞⋡⊛㑐ᢙࠍᦨㆡൻ

ߒߚߣ߈ߩ✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߣ✚੤ㅢ⾌↪㧘߅ࠃ߮ߘߩߣ߈ߩታ
❣୯ࠍ࿑䋭䋴ߦ␜ߔ㧚౞ࠣ࡜ࡈߢ
ߪ㧘ߘߩᄢ߈ߐߢ K ㇺᏒ࿤ߩᲣㇺ
Ꮢߢ޽ࠆK Ꮢోੱญߢ㓸⸘ൻߒߚ✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩౝ⸶ߪ৻⥸⽷㧘߅ࠃ߮⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩ࠻࡝࠶ࡊߦࠃࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩᶖ⾌Ყ₸ࠍ⴫ߔ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘ᄙ⋡⊛㑐ᢙࡌࠢ࠻࡞ࠍࠬࠞ࡜࡯ൻߔࠆ㊀ߺઃߌࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ E1 , E 2 ࠍ 1.0:0.0 ߆ࠄ

0.85:0.15 ߦᄌൻߐߖߚ⚿ᨐ߽૬ߖߡ␜ߒߚ㧚߹ߕ㧘⋡⊛㑐ᢙࡌࠢ࠻࡞߇✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߛߌߩ႐วߦߟ޿
ߡ㧘▎᧦ᦠ߈ߢ⠨ኤࠍ᭎⺑ߔࠆ㧚1) 1997 ᐕߩ✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߣ✚੤ㅢ⾌↪ߩታ❣୯ߪ㧘1984 ᐕ
ߩ 1.51 ୚㧘
2.19 ୚ߦ߽ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚2) ⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱࠍ⛽ᜬߒߚ߹߹ߢ✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍታ❣߆ࠄ೥ᷫߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ৻ᣇ㧘✚੤ㅢ⾌↪ߪჇടߔࠆ㧚3) ⥄േゞ࠻࡝࠶ࡊߦࠃࠆࠛࡀ࡞
ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌Ყ₸ࠍᷫࠄߔઍࠊࠅߦ㧘
1984 ᐕߦߪ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐࠻࡝࠶ࡊߩᶖ⾌Ყ₸ࠍ㧘1997 ᐕߦߪ৻⥸⽷ߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐࠻࡝࠶ࡊߩᶖ⾌Ყ₸ࠍჇടߐߖࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍ೥ᷫߔࠆߎ
ߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ㧚4) ᦨㆡൻߦࠃࠆ✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ
⾌㊂ߩ೥ᷫലᨐߪ㧘
1997 ᐕߪ 1.9%
ߢ޽ࠅ㧘1984 ᐕߩ 5.1%ߦᲧセߒߡዊߐ޿㧚৻ᣇ㧘✚੤ㅢᤨ㑆ߩჇട₸ߪ㧘1997 ᐕߪ 31.0%ߢ޽ࠅ㧘1984 ᐕߩ 29.4%ߦᲧセߒߡᄢ߈޿㧚 ᰴߦ㧘⋡⊛㑐ᢙࡌࠢ࠻࡞ߦ✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߦട߃ߡ✚੤ㅢ⾌↪ࠍዉ౉ߒߚ႐วߩ⚿ᨐߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤߔࠆ㧚5) E 1 : E 2 =0.85:0.15 ߣߒߡ✚੤ㅢ⾌↪ࠍ⋡⊛㑐ᢙߦዉ౉ߒߚ႐ว㧘✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߩታ❣୯߆ࠄߩ೥ᷫ₸ߪ㧘 E1 : E 2 =1.0: 0.0 ߩߣ߈ߩ೥ᷫ₸ࠃࠅ߽ዊߐ޿߽ߩߩ㧘1984 ᐕ߇ 2.4%㧘1997 ᐕߪ 0.9%ߣߥࠆ㧚৻ᣇ㧘✚੤ㅢ⾌↪ߩჇട₸ߪߘࠇߙࠇ㧘0.3%㧘7.3%ߢ޽ࠆ㧚6) ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߣหᤨߦ✚੤ㅢ⾌↪ࠍ⋡⊛㑐ᢙࡌࠢ࠻࡞ߦዉ౉ߒߡᄙ⋡⊛ᦨㆡൻࠍⴕߞߚ႐ว㧘ታ❣୯ࠃࠅ߽✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍ೥ᷫߐߖ㧘߆ߟ✚ࠛࡀ- 131 -

࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߛߌࠍ⋡⊛㑐ᢙߣߒߚ႐วࠃࠅ߽✚੤ㅢ⾌↪
߇ዊߐߊ㧘ታ❣߆ࠄ޽߹ࠅჇടߐߖߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥ⸃ࠍᓧࠆߎ
ߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚
7) ߘߩലᨐߪ 1997 ᐕࠃࠅ߽ 1984 ᐕߩᣇ߇ᄢ߈߆ߞߚ㧚㧔㧟㧕ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ല₸ᕈᜰᮡ ࠱࡯ࡦߏߣߩන૏ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂޽ߚࠅߩല↪᳓Ḱߢ޽ࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ല₸ᕈᜰᮡࠍᰴᑼߢቯ⟵ߔࠆ㧚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯
ല₸ᕈᜰᮡߪ㧘⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥࠛ
ࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩᶖ⾌㊂ࠍ␜ߒ㧘ߘߩ୯߇ᄢ߈޿߶ߤࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯
ᶖ⾌ല₸ᕈ߇㜞޿࠱࡯ࡦߣ޿߃ࠆ㧚EU i

U i Ei ࿑㧙㧡ߦ࠱࡯ࡦ೎ߦ▚಴ߐࠇߚᐕᰴߏߣߩታ❣㧘߅ࠃ߮ᦨㆡᤨߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ല₸ᕈ୯ࠍ␜ߔ㧚ߎࠇࠃࠅ㧘ਅ⸥ߩߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆ㧚
1) 1984 ᐕ㧘1997 ᐕ޿ߕࠇߩᤨὐߢ߽㧘ታ❣ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ല
₸ᕈ߇㜞޿ߩߪ㧘㋕㆏࡮ᐙ✢㆏〝✂ߣㇺᔃ࠱࡯ࡦࠍ␜ߒߚ
࿑㧙㧢ߣߩኻᲧߢ߽ಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ㇺᔃㇱ߿㋕㆏ᴪ✢ߩ࠱࡯ࡦߢ޽ࠆ㧚
2) ర‫࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛߪޘ‬ല₸ᕈ߇ዊߐ޿࠱࡯ࡦߢ߽㧘✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍᦨዊൻߔࠆࠃ߁ߥᣉ╷ߦࠃߞߡࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ല
₸ᕈࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ߘߩലᨐ߇ᄢ߈޿ߩߪㇺᔃ๟ㄝㇱ㧘߅ࠃ߮㋕㆏߿ᐙ✢㆏〝ᴪ✢ㇱߢ޽ࠆ㧚ቯߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘ਔ⠪ߢࠦࡦࡄ
ࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ
࠺࡞ߩ⸃ߦ㆑
޿߇಴ߚߎߣ
߇ේ࿃ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ㧚⸃ߩ⛘ኻ୯ࠍᤨὐ㑆ߢᲧセߔࠆߎߣ
ߪᅷᒰߢߥ޿㧚5) ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻
࿑䋭䋶㩷 ㋕㆏䊶ᐙ✢㆏〝✂䋬䈍䉋䈶ㇺᔃ䉹䊷䊮㩷ߥㇺᏒᒻᚑࠍ
⋡ᜰߔߚ߼ߩ
ౕ૕⊛ᣉ╷ࠍ⷗಴ߔߚ߼ߦߪ㧘ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ല₸ᕈᜰᮡߣౕ
૕⊛ߥ࿯࿾೑↪․ᕈ߿੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ᳓Ḱߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈࠍಽᨆ
ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚6) ߐࠄߦ㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥㇺᏒ᭴ㅧ߿੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᒻᘒ߇ࠦࡦ
ࡄࠢ࠻ߥㇺᏒࠍᒻᚑߢ߈ࠆ߆ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘ᧄࡕ࠺࡞ࠍߘࠇࠄ߇⇣ߥࠆઁߩㇺᏒ࿤ߦ߽ㆡ↪ߒ㧘ㇺᏒ㑆Ყセࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ㧚‫ޣ‬ෳ⠨ᢥ₂‫ޤ‬1) Newman㧘P. & Kenworthy, J. (1999), Sustainability and Cities:
Overcoming Automobile Dependence; Island Press, Washington DC.
2) ⼱ญ ቞࡮᧛਄ᆭ⤿࡮᫪↰ືᄦ (1999)㧘୘ੱⴕേ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ↪޿ߚㇺᏒ․ᕈߣ⥄േゞ೑↪⠪ߩ㑐ㅪಽᨆ㧘ᣣᧄㇺᏒ⸘↹ቇળቇⴚ㧡㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ
⎇ⓥ⺰ᢥ㓸, No.34, pp.967-972㧚
3) ᫪ᧄ┨୶࡮ዊᳰᒄ㓉 (2000)㧘౏౒੤ㅢߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌ߩല₸ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߛߌߢߥߊ৻⥸⽷ߩᶖ⾌߽⠨ᕈߣㇺᏒ․ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㧘ᣣᧄㇺᏒ⸘↹ቇળቇⴚ⎇ⓥ⺰ᢥ㓸,ᘦߒߚല↪㑐ᢙࠍቯ⟵ߒ㧘⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱࠍ⛽ᜬߒߚ਄ߢ㧘
No.35, pp.511-516㧚
ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔᜰᮡࡌࠢ࠻࡞⋡⊛㑐ᢙࠍᦨㆡൻߔࠆࠃ߁ 4) ၳ⵨ ੱ࡮⚦⷗ ᤘ࡮㤥Ꮉ ᵲ (1999)㧘⥄േゞࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂߆ࠄ⷗ߚࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ࠪ࠹ࠖߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㧙ቝㇺችㇺᏒ࿤ߩ㧞ߥ৻⥸⽷ߩᶖ⾌㊂߿੤ㅢࡄ࠲࡯ࡦࠍ᳞߼ࠆࡒࠢࡠ⚻ᷣࡕ࠺ᤨὐߦ߅ߌࠆ PT ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧙㧘ᣣᧄㇺᏒ⸘↹ቇળቇⴚ⎇࡞ࠍឭ᩺ߒߚ㧚ߎߩࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ K ㇺᏒ࿤ࡄ࡯࠰ࡦ࠻࡝࠶ࡊ⺞ⓥ⺰ᢥ㓸, No.34, pp.241-246.
ᩏ߇ታᣉߐࠇߚ 1984 ᐕߣ 1997 ᐕߩ 2 ᤨὐߦㆡ↪ߒ㧘✚ࠛ 5) ዊፉ ᶈ࡮ศ↰ ᦶ࡮᫪↰ືᄦ (2003)㧘੤ㅢ࡮ⅣႺ⽶⩄ࠍዊߐߊߔࠆㇺᏒ᭴ㅧߣ੤ㅢᣉ╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㧘ᣣᧄㇺᏒ⸘↹ቇળㇺᏒࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂߿✚੤ㅢᤨ㑆ߩᦨㆡ⸃ࠍᤨὐ㑆߿࿾ၞ㑆ߢ⸘↹⺰ᢥ㓸, No.38-3, pp.553-558㧚ታ❣୯ߣᲧセߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ㇺᏒߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ൻߩน
6) Vichiensan, V., Miyamaoto, K,. Roychansyah, M., Tokunaga, Y,.
⢻ᕈߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ㧚ߘߩᚑᨐߣ੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴ࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆ㧚(2005), Evaluation System of Policy Measure Alternatives for a1) ੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩᶖ⾌ߩઍᦧߣߒߡ㧘ߚߣ߃߫㧘ㅢାࠨ࡯
Metropolis based on TRANUS from the View Point of Sustainability,
Journal of the Eastern Asia for Transportation Studies, Vol.6,ࡆࠬߩᵴ↪ߥߤߩ৻⥸⽷ߩᶖ⾌ࠍჇടߐߖߚࠅ㧘⥄േゞ࠻
pp.3803-3818.
࡝࠶ࡊࠍ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐࠻࡝࠶ࡊߦォ឵ߐߖߚࠅߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ
7) ਛ੗⑲ା࡮᫪ᧄ┨୶ (2008)㧘ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ࠪ࠹ࠖ᡽╷߇᳃↢࡮੤ᣉ╷ߦࠃߞߡ㧘⃻࿷ࠃࠅ߽✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂߇ዋߥ޿ㇺㅢㇱ㐷ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㧘࿯ᧁቇᏒߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ൻ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ળ⺰ᢥ㓸 D㧘Vol.64, No.1, pp.1-10㧚
2) ߘߩ㓙㧘✚੤ㅢᤨ㑆ࠍታ❣୯߆ࠄ޽߹ࠅჇടߐߖߕߦ✚ 8) ㄭᚑ ⚐࡮㕍ጊศ㓉࡮ਛᎹ ᄢ࡮᧻ਛ੫ᴦ (2003)㧘੩㒋␹ㇺᏒ࿤ߦ߅ߌࠆࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ᳓Ḱߣ੤ㅢࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌ߩᄌൻߦ㑐ߔࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍ೥ᷫߐߖࠆߎߣ߽น⢻ߢ㧘ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻
ࠆ⎇ⓥ㧘ᣣᧄㇺᏒ⸘↹ቇળㇺᏒ⸘↹⺰ᢥ㓸, No.38-3, pp.547-552㧚
ൻߦࠃࠆ੤ㅢᷙ㔀Ⴧᄢ߳ߩ෻⺰ߦ߽ᔕ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚 9) ࿯੗ବ␭㧘㕍ጊศ㓉㧘ਛᎹ ᄢ㧘ᨩ⼱෹㚅㧘ㄭᚑ ⚐ (2006)㧘ࡕ
3) DID㕙Ⓧ߇ዊߐߊੱญኒᐲ߇ᄢ߈޿1984ᐕߩᣇ߇1997ᐕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚㇺᏒ੤ㅢࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᣉ╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㧘࿯ᧁ⸘↹ቇ⎇ⓥ⺰ᢥ㓸, No.23, pp.887-894㧚
ߦᲧߴߡࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ߇㜞ߊ㧘✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߩ೥ᷫ
10)㊄ᧄ⦟༹࡮⬒ᳰൎੱ࡮⮮ේᔀ(2006)㧘᡽╷⹏ଔࡒࠢࡠࡕ࠺࡞㧘น⢻ᕈߪૐ޿ߣᗐቯߒߡ޿ߚ߇㧘✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߩ೥᧲ᵗ⚻ᷣᣂႎ␠㧚ᷫน⢻ᕈ㧘ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ല₸ᕈᜰᮡߩᡷༀน⢻ᕈߣ߽㧘1997 11) 㧔⽷㧕⋭ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ (2004)㧘EDMC/ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࡮⚻ᐕࠃࠅ߽1984ᐕߩᣇ߇ᄢ߈޿ߣ޿߁⚿⺰߇ዉ߆ࠇߚ㧚ᷣ⛔⸘ⷐⷩ 2004 ᐕᐲ 㧘pp.80-81, pp.116-117㧚
4) ߎࠇߪ㧘ല↪㑐ᢙ߇1997ᐕߣ1984ᐕߢߘࠇߙࠇ೎୘ߦផ 12) ࿖࿯੤ㅢ⋭㆏〝ዪ (2003)ᤨ㑆ଔ୯ේන૏߅ࠃ߮ㆇⴕ⚻⾌ᷫන૏㧔ᐔᚑ 15 ᐕଔᩰ㧕ߩ▚಴ᣇᴺ㧚

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