★★★ ＜第 23 回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第 11 回英文和訳】＞ ★★★
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問１．背景技術***START***から***END***までを和訳してください。
***START***
Honey bees are required for the effective pollination of crops and are therefore criticalto world agriculture. Honey bees also produce economically important products, including
honey and bees wax. Honey bees are susceptible to a number of parasites and pathogens,including the ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor. Varroa mites parasitize pupae and adult bees
and reproduce in the pupal brood cells. The mites use their mouths to puncture the exoskeleton
and feed on the bee's hemolymph. These wound sites in the exoskeleton harbor bacterial
infections, such as Melissococcus pluton.

In addition, to their parasitic effects, Varroa mites

are suspected to act as vectors for a number of honey bee pathogens, and may weaken theimmune systems of their hosts, leaving them vulnerable to infections.
Maintaining a supply of strong honey bee colonies available for pollination is essential
for the sustained production of farm crops worth more than $14 billion to U.S. agriculture.
Current methods of treating Varroa infestations are proving to be ineffective as the mites
develop resistance to existing miticides.

***END***

問２．実施形態***START***から***END***までを和訳してください。
***START***
The term "proenzyme" or "zymogen" as used herein refers to an inactive enzyme

precursor. A zymogen requires a biochemical change (such as a hydrolysis reaction revealing theactive site, or changing the configuration to reveal the active site) for it to become an activeenzyme. The biochemical change usually occurs in a lysosome where a specific part of theprecursor enzyme is cleaved in order to activate it. The amino acid chain that is released uponactivation is called the activation peptide.
The term "substitution" is used herein to refer to a situation in which a base or bases
are exchanged for another base or bases in a DNA sequence. Substitutions may be synonymous
substitutions or nonsynonymous substitutions. As used herein, "synonymous substitutions" referto substitutions of one base for another in an exon of a gene coding for a protein, such that theamino acid sequence produced is not modified. The term "nonsynonymous substitutions" as
used herein refer to substitutions of one base for another in an exon of a gene coding for aprotein, such that the amino acid sequence produced is modified.

***END***問３．実施例***START***から***END***までを和訳してください。
***START***
The three targeted ES clones, designated number 264, 272, and 408, were thawed andinjected into C57BL/6J blastocysts. Injected blastocysts were transferred into the uteri ofpseudopregnant females to generate chimeric mice representing a mixture of cells derived fromthe input ES cells and the host blastocyst. The extent of ES cell contribution to the chimera canbe visually estimated by the amount of agouti coat coloration, derived from the ES cell line, on
the black C57BL/6J background. Clones 272 and 408 produced only low percentage chimeras(i.e. low percentage of agouti pigmentation) but clone 264 produced high percentage malechimeras. These chimeras were bred with C57BL/6J females and agouti offspring weregenerated, indicative of germline transmission of the ES cell genome. Screening for the targeted
mu gene was carried out by Southern blot analysis of BglI digested DNA from tail biopsies.
Approximately 50% of the agouti offspring showed a hybridizing BglI band of 7.7 kb inaddition to the wild type band of 15.7 kb, demonstrating a germline transmission of the targeted
mu gene.

***END***問４．請求項***START***から***END***までを和訳してください。
クレーム１０及び１７を訳出してください。必要であれば、クレーム１を参照してください。クレーム１の訳出は必要ありません。なお、請求項は抜粋されているため請求項番号は連続しておりません。
1. A method for detecting activation of endothelial cells in a test sample, comprising:measuring the level of a protein complex in the endothelial cells in a test sample, wherein theprotein complex is formed between a first cellular component and a second cellular component
that are cellular components in an angiogenesis signaling pathway; andwherein a difference in the level of the protein complex relative to the level of the protein
complex in a reference sample detects activation of endothelial cells in the test sample.

***START***10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of measuring the level of the protein complex in theendothelial cells comprises:
mixing (i) the test sample; (ii) a cleaving probe, which is capable of binding the first cellularcomponent and has a cleavage-inducing moiety with an effective proximity; and (iii) one ormore binding compounds, wherein each of the binding compounds is capable of binding thefirst or second cellular component and wherein each of the one or more binding compounds has
one or more molecular tags each attached thereto by a cleavable linkage; wherein cleavage ofthe cleavable linkage(s) within the effective proximity of the cleaving-inducing moiety of thecleaving probe releases the molecular tag(s), wherein detecting the released molecular tag(s)provides a measurement of the protein complex.
17. The method of claim 10, further comprising measuring the level of an effector protein in theangiogenesis signaling pathway that has a post-translational modification site in the endothelial
cells in the test sample.

***END***