Boost Your English 2– Practice for TOEFL® ITP –英語実践力強化とTOEFL® テストITP完全攻略－中級－

宍戸真

Malcolm Mann
Steve Taylor-Knowles

はじめにTOEFL（Test of English as a Foreign Language）は世界中で受験されている、英語運用能力テストの一種です。1964 年に、英語を母国語としない人々の英語力を測るテストとして、米国の Educational Testing Service(ETS) により開発されました。40 年以上にわたり客観的かつ正確な、世界で最も優れたアカデミックな英語テストとして常に注目を集めています。現在
TOEFL は 180 ヵ国で実施され、そのスコアは、約 165 ヵ国、7,000 以上の機関で英語運用能力の証明として使われています。
TOEFL® ITP は ETS が提供する団体向けテストプログラムです。TOEFL® PBT の過去問題を再利用しており、グローバルスタンダードの英語テストとして多くの大学、教育機関が利用しています。TOEFL® ITP スコアには公的な効力はありませんが、問題作成のプロセス、出題形式、採点方法は TOEFL に準じており、TOEFL スコアと高い相関関係にあります。TOEFL® ITP はアメリカ国内、国外を問わず世界中の教育機関で利用されています。日本国内では、大学、大学院、高等学校、官公庁などアカデミックな英語力を測る必要のある教育機関において多数利用されています。
本書は、近年多くの大学で講義開始前のクラス分けプレースメントテストや単位認定のアチーブメントテストなどに利用されている TOEFL® ITP 受験対策を通じ、これまでに学習してきた英語能力の点検と大学での英語学習の総仕上げを行うことを主眼とした上級者向けの英語学習教材です。
中級では対象とする利用者の TOEFL® ITP の得点 500 点程度から始め、最終的な目標として550 点レベルに達することを目指します。
米国の大学、大学院への進学を目指す学習者は、TOEFL® IBT を受験することが必須となりますが、本書ではオンライン上のさまざまな試験が用意されているので、教科書を通じたTOEFL® ITP 受験対策の他にも、パソコンを利用した TOEFL® IBT の受験対策としても利用することが可能です。また、留学希望者ばかりでなく、すべての英語学習者にとっても、小学校、中学校、高等学校、大学と 10 年間以上のこれまでの英語学習の総点検、総仕上げとして、最終的な到達目標としての TOEFL® ITP での高得点取得を目指すためにも利用できます。
なお、本書の作成、編集等には細心の注意を払って作成いたしましたが、お気づきの点がございましたらご教授いただければ幸いです。
最後になりましたが、本書の編集、出版、オンライン試験作成にあたり、ひとかたならぬご尽力を賜った ( 株 ) 成美堂、佐野英一郎氏、羽田克夫氏、松本健治氏、リアル・イングリッシュ・ブロードバンド ( 株 )、Ben Porter 氏に心より感謝申し上げます。

2009 年 8 月
著者一同本書の構成と利用法
本書は、教科書を利用した 24 回の学習とオンラインとペーパーで受験できる 6 回の試験で構成されています。
最初にオンラインで Placement Test を受験し、学習開始時の英語力の診断を受けます。その後教科書での学習を開始します。教科書は 4 つの Module に大別される 24 の Lesson から成っています。各 Module には、実際の TOEFL® ITP の出題構成に準じた、Listening, Structure andWritten Expression, Reading Comprehension が 2 Lesson ずつ、計 6 Lesson あります。また、各 Module の最後には復習と学習発展状況を把握するための Progress Test がオンラインで準備されています。4 Module – 24 Lesson の学習、4 回の Progress Test を受験した後、最後に学習到達度を測る Final Test があります。1 年間の学習を通してどの程度英語能力が変化したか診断することが可能です。
各 Lesson の構成は、Ⅰ . Sharpen your skills 、Ⅱ . Show what you know の 2 部です。
Ⅰ . Sharpen Your Skills は、クラス全体での学習を通じて、問題を解くためのスキルの習得、重要なポイントの解説、基礎・応用練習を行うものです。基礎的な練習から開始し、応用問題へと進展していく 6 ～ 8 題の練習で構成されています。
Ⅱ . Show What You Know は、クラス内での個人学習を基本とし、実際の TOEFL® ITP 試験問題と同じ形式の問に答える実践練習です。最後にクラス全体で答え合わせ、問題を解くコツの解説、重要なポイントの確認などを行うと有益でしょう。
また、各セクションの間には Get started, Check it out, Double check と題した要点理解の確認、復習のポイントが設けられています。
以上 2 部構成のさまざまな練習問題から、TOEFL® ITP 受験に必須のリスニング力、単語力、読解力、文法理解力など総合的な英語能力の養成をめざします。実践的な練習問題を通じて、効率よく英語力を発展させ、TOEFL テスト受験対策として役立つでしょう。
本書を活用し、英語力のより一層の向上と、英語学習の集大成としての TOEFL テストでの高得点取得の一助となることを願います。

Contents
Placement Test
Module 1PC

Lesson 1 Listening

Understanding suggestions, requests
and offers (short dialogues)

1

Lesson 2 Listening

Understanding gist (extendedconversations/academic mini-talks)

6

Lesson 3 Structure

Parallelism/word form/word order

12

Lesson 4 Structure

Subject/verb agreement

17

Lesson 5 Reading

Understanding gist

22

Lesson 6 Reading

Understanding purpose

28

Progress Test 1
Module 2PC

Lesson 1 Listening

Understanding attitude (short dialogues)

34

Lesson 2 Listening

Understanding specific information (extended conversations/ academic minitalks)

41

Lesson 3 Structure

Independent clauses

47Lesson 4 Structure

Passive voice52

Lesson 5 Reading

Understanding specific information

57

Lesson 6 Reading

Understanding pronoun reference

63

Progress Test 2PC

Module 3

Lesson 1 Listening

Understanding specific information (shortdialogues)

69

Lesson 2 Listening

Understanding implication (extendedconversations/academic mini-talks)

74

Lesson 3 Structure

Gerunds, infinitives, participles

80

Lesson 4 Structure

Past modals

85

Lesson 5 Reading

Understanding unfamiliar words

90

Lesson 6 Reading

Understanding implication

96

Progress Test 3
Module 4PC

Lesson 1 Listening

Understanding uncertainty andconclusions (short dialogues)101

Lesson 2 Listening

Integrating listening skills (extendedconversations/academic mini-talks)

107

Lesson 3 Structure

Dependent clauses

113

Lesson 4 Structure

Inverted subject+verb order

119

Lesson 5 Reading

Understanding attitude

124

Lesson 6 Reading

Integrating reading skills

131

Supplemental Grammar Explanations

137

Appendix
Progress Test 4PC

Final Test

PAPERLesson 1: Listening

Module 1

Understanding suggestions, requests and offers
M od u l e 1(short dialogues)

1. Sharpen your skills!
Get Started!
• What is the difference between a request, a suggestion and an offer?
• What phrases for requesting, suggesting and offering do you already know?

the correct word or phrase to complete these phrases we can use to make
A Choosesuggestions.
1. You should / would try speaking toher.

6. Why not / don’t go to the library andsee what they have?

2. You are able to / could ask him what
he meant.

7. It would / should be better if you
didn’t come tonight.

3. I think you must / should get yourself
a laptop.

8. It would be a good / best idea to tellher how you feel.

4. Let’s / Let us go to an Italian restaurant this evening.

9. I’d / I had make sure that no-one
found out about it.

5. Why don’t / not you just be honestwith him?

10. If I am / were you, I’d give him another chance to explain.

1

B Match to make requests.
1. Do you have

A. to give you my essay tomorrow?

2. I’d appreciate it if

B. I take one of these?

3. Would it be OK

C. lending me that book?

4. Would you mind

D. a pen I could borrow?

5. Could I

E. use your phone, please?

6. Is it all right if

F. you could help me here.

C Write a word from the box in each gap to complete the offers.
becouldfollow

help

here’slikewant

1. A: How am I going to get to the airport for six in the morning?
B: I

take you if you want.

2. A: Can you tell me how to get to the library from here?
B:

me. I’ll show you.

3. A: That cake was delicious.
B:

yourself to some more if you like.

4. A: Bye. I won’t be late home.
B:some money in case you need to take a cab.

5. A: Can I have one of those sandwiches?
B: Sure.

my guest.

6. A: Oh no! I forgot to call my mom!
B: Do youto use my phone?

7. A: I’m hungry!
B: Would you

me to make you something to eat?

D Choose the correct word or phrase.
1. I think you should go / to go to visit your parents this weekend.
2. It would be a great idea having / to have a party when school finishes.
3. You could trying to join / try joining a gym if you want to lose weight.
4. Let’s all going / go to the beach!
5. Why don’t you buying / buy a new car?
6. Why not to ask / ask Ben to come and stay for the weekend?

2

7. I’d appreciate it if you can / could help me write this assignment.
8. Would you mind to give / giving John a message for me?
9. Could I to have / have a word with you please?
10. Is it all right if I sit / will sit here?

M od u l e 1

11. I could buy / bought your coffee if you haven’t got enough money.
12. Help yourself to / for a cookie.
13. Do you want to stay / staying for dinner?

ERead the sentences below and decide whether each one is a suggestion (S), a request (R) oran offer (O).

1. Why don’t you try calling him on his cell phone?
2. Would you like me to lend you some money?
3. Do you think I could borrow your car?
4. I’d appreciate it if you could let me know by Friday.
5. Yeah. Just help yourself.
6. I know! Let’s get them a CD.

FListen to six people talking. Choose the correct response to each speaker

1.

A. Why don’t you try calling him on his cell phone?

2.

B. Would you like me to lend you some money?

3.

C. Do you think I could borrow your car?

4.

D. I’d appreciate it if you could let me know by Friday.

5.

E. Yeah. Just help yourself.

6.

F. I know! Let’s get them a CD.

1

to six short dialogues and choose the correct answer. Then listen again and note down
G Listen
the words and phrases that helped you find your answers.
1. The second speaker:
A. suggests something
B. requests something
C. offers something
notes:

2

2. The second speaker:
A. suggests something
B. requests something
C. offers something
notes:
3

3. The second speaker:
A. suggests something
B. requests something
C. offers something
notes:
4. The second speaker:
A. suggests something
B. requests something
C. offers something
notes:
5. The second speaker:
A. suggests something
B. requests something
C. offers something
notes:
6. The second speaker:
A. suggests something
B. requests something
C. offers something
notes:

Check it out!
• Suggestions, advice, offers of help, or requests appear often in short conversations.
• Pay atten­tion to which speaker is asking for what and which speaker is offeringwhat.

2. Show what you know!
to twelve short dialogues. Each dialogue is followed by a question.
A Listen
For each question, choose the best answer.
1. A. That she help herself to some food in the kitchen
B. That he’ll call her house for her
C. That he’ll help her use the phone
D. That she can make a call
2. A. Tell her more about an apartment he has seen in his neighborhood
B. Help her decide on a new neighborhood to live in
C. Tell her if he sees a suitable apartment in the newspaper
D. Go with her to look at an apartment she’s interested in
3. A. Change his friends
B. Have a party
C. Arrange everything
D. Take care of his friends
43-14

4. A. That it makes no difference
B. That the woman wear blue
C. That she change her mind
D. That they choose the color blue

M od u l e 1

5. A. That the man go over the lecture
B. That they meet the next day
C. That the man miss the lecture
D. That they discuss tomorrow’s lecture
6. A. The woman has an extra umbrella.
B. The man should borrow her umbrella.
C. The woman needs to use an umbrella.
D. The man can leave his umbrella upstairs.
7. A. Go ahead of the woman
B. Go with her to the test
C. Look for Building 10 later
D. Help the woman with the test
8. A. She should take a muffin.
B. They’re for the meeting.
C. She shouldn’t touch them before the meeting.
D. He bought them for some guests.
9. A. That they go directly to the library
B. That they straighten up the classroom
C. That they walk in a straight line to the library
D. That the most direct way is going by the library
10. A. Eat something
B. Wait for the cafeteria to open
C. Buy something from the cafeteria
D. Get back to work
11. A. She take out her writing
B. She find a perfect space
C. She take the old desk up to the attic
D. She do her writing at home
12. A. To wait a while after finishing the reportB. To drink coffee before this meeting
C. To take a coffee break
D. To have coffee later

Double check!
••••

What’s the difference between Why don’t … and Why not …? How could you continue
these two suggestions?
What’s the difference between Could you … and You could …?
What does the phrase Help yourself mean?
If someone says I’d tell him what you think! is that an offer or a suggestion?
5