「様式３」P-42

Theoretical Developments and Practical Applications of a
Direct-Access Pattern Interface for Imaging Devices［１］Organization
Project Leader: Reneta P. Barneva (Applied
Professional Studies, SUNY Fredonia, USA)
Representative at RIE: Vygantas Mizeikis(Research Institute of Electronics, ShizuokaUniversity)
Participants:

John Kijinski (SUNY Fredonia, USA)

Valentin Brimkov (Department of Mathematics,SUNY Buffalo State)
Daniel D. Cunningham (Department ofMathematics, SUNY Buffalo State)
Antoine Deza (Department of Computing andSoftware, Faculty of Engineering, McMasterUniversity, Canada)
José Ramón Dorronsoro (Telecommunicationsand Computing Department, Escuela
Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónomaof Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Ingenieríadel Conocimiento (IIC), UAM, Spain)
Rémy Malgouyres (IUT Department ofInformatics, Université d'Auvergne Clermont1, France)
Volodymyr Gnatyuk (V.E. Lashkaryov Institute of
Semiconductor Physics, National Academy ofSciences of Ukraine)
Kostadin Koroutchev (Universidad Autónoma ofMadrid, Spain)
Alberto Suarez (Universidad Autónoma ofMadrid, Spain)
Akira Takahashi (Faculty of Informatics,Shizuoka University)
Sergey Gagarsky (Quantum Electronics andBiomedical Optics Department, StateUniversity of Information Technologies,Russia)
Michael Vynnycky (KTH Royal Institute ofTechnology, Sweden)
Boris Brimkov (Department of Computationaland Applied Mathematics, Rice University,USA)

Andrew David Speers (Department of Computer

Science and Engineering, Faculty ofEngineering, York University, Canada)
Kamen Kanev (Graduate School of Informatics,Shizuoka University)［２］Research Progress
The project includes participants from threecontinents who communicated actively throughelectronic means on the research topics. On
December 11, 2015 a Cooperative Research
Seminar was held at Shizuoka University, RIE, atwhich some of them met and reported theachieved results, exchanged ideas about futurejoin work, and possibilities for further cooperation
between the respective institutions.
The team members were involved, apart from theactivities described in the next section, in active
dissemination of the results. Some of them
participated in the organization of three majorinternational conferences and in the publishing ofa special issue of a reputable journal, both of them
devoted to the topics of the project.
 Profs. Barneva, Brimkov, and Korutchev wereinvolved in the organization of the 17thInternational Workshop on Combinatorial
Image Analysis, held in Kolkata, India,November 2015. Prof. Reneta P. Barneva wasthe Program and Publication Chair. Profs.
Valentin Brimkov and Kostadin Koroutchev
were members of the Steering Committee [1].
 Profs. Barneva, Brimkov, and Koroutchev arealso playing key roles in the 18th
International Workshop on Combinatorial
Image Analysis, to be held in June 2017 inPlovdiv, Bulgaria. Profs. Barneva andBrimkov are chairs, and Prof. Koroutchev is amember of the Steering Committee.
 Profs. Kanev, Barneva, and Brimkov areplaying leading role in the International
Symposium Computational Methods for
Objects Represented in Images, which will beheld in Niagara Falls, USA in September 2016.
Prof. Kanev is invited tutorial speaker andProfs. Barneva and Brimkov are symposium
chairs.
 Profs. Barneva and Brimkov serve as
guest-editors of a special issue of Discrete
Applied Mathematics (Elsevier) devoted tograph-theoretical problems [2]. Many of thearticles have already been edited and posted
online. The issue is expected to be publishedsoon in paper form.
［３］Results(３－１) Research results
Below is a brief explanation of the following
results achieved:
I. Imaging devices possess limited memory. It isvery important, therefore, to develop
space-efficient algorithms for them. In [3, 4]
we developed space efficient graph algorithms,
particularly
under
thelog-spacecomputational model. This model entails
algorithms which use a read-only input array
and O(log n) working memory; the model isadvantageous in settings involving large,
distributed, or read-only datasets, or involving
computation on devices with limited storage
space. We developed deterministic log-spacealgorithms for several restrictions of variousgraph problems such as finding the shortest
path, clique number, circumference, girth,number of blocks, and chromatic polynomial ofa graph. The different restrictions on theproblems we considered include structural
assumptions on the biconnected components,
parametric bounds on the maximum vertex
degree and biconnected component size, anduse of a log-space oracle for certain special
tasks. The problems considered have a wide
range of applications; for example, the shortest
path problem is used in machine vision,
robotics, transportation, and autonomous
guidance.
II. Imaging devices work with appropriate
geometrical primitives. Since the computermodels are discrete, it is important to have theright discretization model for the mainprimitives.
A discrete spherical circle is a topologicallywell-connected 3D circle in the integer space,which belongs to a discrete sphere as well as adiscrete plane. It is one of the most important
3D geometric primitives, but has not beenstudied up to its merit. We have researchedsome of its important properties, and haveclarified its theoretical prospects in theframework of digital geometry. We haveshown how different types of discretization canlead to forbidden and admissible classes, when
one attempts to define the discretization of aspherical circle in terms of intersection
between a discrete sphere and a discrete plane.
Several fundamental theoretical results havebeen presented, the algorithm for constructionof discrete spherical circles has been discussed,
and some test results have been furnished todemonstrate its practicality and usefulness [5].
III.With respect to imaging and image devices,pose estimation or the perspective 3-point
problem play an important role. It has its
origins in camera calibration and is of great
importance in many fields such as computer
animation, automation, image analysis androbotics. In a previously published article we
worked on formulating it mathematically interms of finding the solutions to a quartic
equation. Since in general, the equation does
not have a unique solution, and in somesituations there are no solutions at all, weconcentrated on some special cases. In [6] weextended our considerations to the case where
the three marker points are not equallyspaced; in addition, the quartic polynomialderived by Grunert was used. The two
approaches were reconciled and theprobability of finding two and four solutions as
a function of the marker spacing wasdetermined. The manuscript is in preparationand is planned to be submitted to theInternational Journal of Computer Vision.
IV.Various real-life problems involve networks
that can be modeled by a set of straight-linesegments. These may be networks of thestreets in a city; corridors in a building;tunnels in a mine, nuclear plant, or a militaryfacility; a complex system of pipes in a factory;

a map of possible routes for a robot motion incertain environment, or similar. In many cases,
modeling is extended by considering moving
objects along the edges of such a geometricnetwork. These may represent cars runningon streets; humans walking in a city or along
corridors or tunnels; mobile robots, or otherentities. Geometric networks are furtherextended by adding special facilities called
controllers that are placed at certain locations.
Controllers usually represent specialized
imaging devices such as cameras and motion
sensors but may also stand for guards orpolicemen (possibly equipped with proper
technology.)
We proposed a novel approach for
identification and monitoring of moving
objects within a geometric network modeledby straight line segments based on CLUSPI.
The approach can also be used for supplying
the objects with directions or other useful
information
about
thesurrounding
environment. The moving objects areequipped with direct-access pattern interface
imaging devices that provide dynamic
environment-oriented information and/or
static feature-related information. Within theframework of the proposed model, a number ofreal-life interrelated tasks are considered andpossible applications are discussed [7, 8, 9].
V. In two- and three-dimensional graphicalmodels involving imaging devices, we may
include digital marking, indicating specificobject voxels. One way is to do this is optically,
through laser-induced marks. The local areawith optical properties different from those of
the matrix (bulk), i.e., with a permanent
micro-defect can be considered as an
information carrier. Spatially controlledlaser-induced volumetric formation of marking
centers (information carriers) offers novel
opportunities for creation of digital recording
areas or images in a variety of materials. We
have evaluated various laser-assisted
technological approaches and techniquessuitable for 2D or 3D optical recording ofdigital data or images by creation of
micro-marks (data bits, pixels, and otherinformation carriers) in the bulk of different
materials, transparent for a selected laser

wavelength. The features of laser-induced
damage in solids, that are applicable to thecreation of various parameterized marking
centers with controlled geometric parameters(size, shape, orientation, etc.), are discussed.
Different marks can be obtained by varyingthe laser focal area, wavelength, duration andenergy of laser pulses, temperature of theobject and also applying general external orlocal internal compressive or tensile stresses in
the irradiated objects. The laser-based
technologies for creation of colored marks intransparent glasses and polymers with special
inclusions are considered and physical andphotochemical processes, which take place inthe bulk of such transparent dielectrics undertightly focused short laser pulses, are analyzed.
Different types of materials, which arepromising for the formation of colored anddark marking centers, have been identified
and extensive experiments have been carriedout [10, 11, 12].
VI.We studied imaging devices suitable forcollaborative work and investigated theireducational capacity and suitability foraugmented learning. As a result, we identified
tabletop computers, possessing a large
touch-sensitive display placed in a horizontal
position and controlled by a computer as very
efficient and psychologically stimulating forcollaborative activities. In this setting, theinteractive surface is equally accessible to allcollaborators that are seated around thetabletop facing each other.
We conducted studies to determine how todesign effective interfaces for learning that
couple mobile devices with interactive
stereoscopic 3D visualizations.
In ourexperimental setup, an instructor and a groupof students are positioned around theinteractive tabletop so that they can
comfortably observe the presented content andaccess the surface for interactive feedback. In
contrast to a vertically positioned presentation
surface (e.g., an electronic whiteboard) where
the up-direction is common for the entire
audience, in our scenario the farther edge ofthe table will differ, depending on the positionof the observer with respect to the tabletop. Asa test bed case, we have employed Computer

Graphics and Virtual Reality techniques fromtraditional Computer Science courses to create
and present an augmented reality model of ahuman eye. In the course of such work,
students can put in practice a range ofmethods and technologies from their coreComputer Science studies and follow up withhands-on experience in a collaborative ICT
setup [13, 14].

networks modeling, Japanese Journal of Applied
Physics Conference Proceedings, 2016 (in print).

(３－２) Ripple effects and further developments
The obtained results laid out the ground forsolving various problems with theoretical andpractical significance. The team is considering
extending the work on new models andparadigms as of special interest will be the resultsfor mobile devices.
The research meetings and visit exchange helped
deepen the partnership and outline new ways ofscientific collaboration.

（１０） V.A. Gnatyuk, O.I. Vlasenko, S.N.
Levytskyi, T. Aoki, V. Mizeikis, S.V. Gagarsky, K.S.
Zelenska, D.V. Gnatyuk, Laser-induced creationof marks as information carriers for digitalrecording, Proc. of LAMP2015 - the 7th Intern.
Congress on Laser Advanced Materials
Processing, (2015) in press.

［４］Achievements (List of Publications)（１） R.P. Barneva, B. Bhattacharya, V.E.
Brimkov, Combinatorial Image Analysis.
Heidelberg-Berlin, Springer Verlag, LNCS 9448,
Berlin-Heidelberg, 2015.
（２） V.E. Brimkov, R.P. Barneva (GuestEditors), Graph-theoretic issues (Special Issue).
Discrete Applied Mathematics (Elsevier) (toappear).
（３） B. Brimkov, I.V. Hicks: Memory efficientalgorithms for cactus graphs and block graphs.
Discrete Applied Mathematics, Elsevier (2015)
doi:10.1016/j.dam.2015.10.032.
（４） B. Brimkov, A note on the clique numberof
completek-partitegraphs.
CoRR
abs/1507.01613 (2015).
（５） R. Biswas, P. Bhowmick, V.E. Brimkov,
On the connectivity and smoothness of discrete
spherical circles. Combinatorial Image Analysis,Springer, Heidelberg-Berlin, LNCS 9448, 2015,
86-100.
（６） M. Vynnycky, K. Kanev, On the P3P
problem (in preparation). International Journal ofComputer Vision.
（７） R.P. Barneva, V.E. Brimkov, K. Kanev,
Direct-access pattern interface for geometric（８） R.P. Barneva, V.E. Brimkov, K. Kanev,
Direct-access pattern interface for geometricnetworks, Proc. Inter Academia, 2015, 128-129.
（９） V.E.
Brimkov,
MonitoringandIdentification Issues of Motion in Large Networks(invited paper), Proc. Humans and Computers
2015 (in print).

（１１） V. Mizeikis, K. Kanev, Sub-surface
Laser Encoding of Physical Objects for Enhanced
Privacy and Digital Security, The 14th Int. Conf.
on
GlobalResearchandEducation
InterAcademia2015,
Hamamatsu,
Japan,
September 28-30, 2015, pp.126-127.
（１２） K.S. Zelenska, S.E. Zelensky, L.V.
Poperenko, K. Kanev, V. Mizeikis, V.A.
Gnatyuk, Thermal mechanisms of laser marking
in transparent polymers with light-absorbing
microparticles, Optics & Laser Technology, Vol. 76,(2016) 96-100.
（１３） A. Uribe, B. Kapralos, A. Hogue, K.
Kanev, M. Jenkins, R.P. Barneva, A multi-user
tabletop display with enhanced mobile visuals forteaching and collaborative training. ACM Journalof Computing Sciences in Colleges 2016 (in print).
（１４） R.P. Barneva, R. Banerjee, K. Kanev, B.
Kapralos, Enhanced student engagement usingcell phones and tabletop computers or smart
boards, Proc. CIT 2016 - Conference on
Instruction and Technology, Potsdam, NY, 2016
(in print).
（１５） A. Deza, K. Huang, M. Metel, Imperfectdemand estimation for new product production
planning. AdvOL-Report 2015/4, McMaster
University (2015).
（１６） M. Vynnycky, S.L. Mitchell, On the
numerical solution of a two-phase Stefan problem
with phase formation and deletion, J. Comp. Appl.
Math. 300 (2016) 259-274.

Travelling Report（Mention each travel by CRP budget.）Name：Reneta Barneva
Affiliation： SUNY Fredonia, USA
Period of time：December 4-13, 2015
Destination：Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan
Purpose：Research meetings and participation in a Cooperative Research Workshop at which apresentation titled “Theoretical Developments and Practical Applications of a Direct-Access
Pattern Interface for Imaging Devices: Medical Imaging Paradigms” was delivered.
Name of receiver：Prof. Kamen Kanev and Prof. Vygantas Mizeikis
Name：Valentin Brimkov
Affiliation： SUNY Buffalo State, USA
Period of time：December 4-13, 2015
Destination：Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan
Purpose：Research meetings and participation in a Cooperative Research Workshop at which apresentation titled “Theoretical Developments and Practical Applications of a Direct-Access
Pattern Interface for Imaging Devices: Medical Imaging Models” was delivered.
Name of receiver：Prof. Kamen Kanev and Prof. Vygantas Mizeikis