MINISTRY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INDUSTRY MALAYSIAISSUE 2

advocatemalaysiasteelinstitute.com

Cover Story

US Section 232 Steel Action and
Article XXI of Gatt
- Trade Remedy/Part 2

Highlights

Industry 4WRD

The National Policy on Industry 4.0

Women of Steel:

Datin K. Talagavathi
New Technology
Governance Vital for
Cross-Sector Benefits
Sustainable Development ofIron and Steel Industry
In the Era of Fourth

Industrial Revolution

At A Glance

Types ofStandards
Steelmaking 102
Industry 4.0 for
Iron and Steel
Industry

2018

The SteelCONTENTS
01
02
03
04
05
06
07

CEO’S
FOREWORD

2US SECTION 232 STEELACTION AND ARTICLE XXI OFGATT – TRADE REMEDY Part ll
TYPES OFSTANDARDS

3, 12
14

STEELMAKING 102:INTRODUCTION TO
IRONMAKING

16, 19INDUSTRY 4WRD
THE NATIONAL POLICYON INDUSTRY 4.0

20

Women of Steel22, 23Y. BHG Datin K. Talagavathi

INDUSTRY 4.0
FOR IRON ANDSTEEL INDUSTRY

24, 2527, 2830, 32

NEW TECHNOLOGYGOVERNANCE VITAL FOR
CROSS-SECTOR BENEFITSSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF IRON
AND STEEL INDUSTRY IN THE ERA OF
FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

33, 34

DR. LEE KHAI ERN, NUR KHAIRLIDA MUHAMAD KHAIRINDUSTRY HIGHLIGHTS
MODERN INTEGRATIONTECHNOLOGY SDN BHD “MITEC”

08
09

10
MSI
35, 44
WITH YOU 11MSIBridging Gaps 12
45, 50MSI51, 54
TrU 13MSI
Others 14
55
MSI
List of Events and56
Activities 2019 15

CEO’sFOREWORD

Jarrod Lim

Chief Executive Officer
Malaysia Steel institute (MSI)

Welcome to MSI's 2nd Edition of Steel Advocate for2018 and I do hope that you have enjoyed reading
the newly improved 1st edition of Steel Advocate as
well. The changes provided a fresher, clean look as we
stepped into the future with bigger motivation andpassion. At the same time, I would like to update on
MSI initiatives where we have successfully completed
during this 2nd half of 2018. It continues to be aninteresting and challenging ordeal but the sharing is
worthy especially when it could stimulate a new hopeand ignite a fighting spirit should we all begin to work
together as a team for the benefit of the industry.
Currently, MSI is embarking on the lead role in uniting
all the iron and steel industry players consisting from up,
middle and down streams, traders, users as well as thenatural resources players and re-cyclers in developing
the White Paper for Malaysia’s Iron and Steel Industry.
The White Paper is a private sector driven policy proposal
preparation stage “From the industry, for the Industry”
to build the roadmap for a sustainable Iron and Steelindustry which will act as an input in the National Policy
IMP 4, projected to be implemented from 2021-2030.
The New Iron and Steel policy will take into consideration
latest and future global developments and technology
use, including shifting away from commodity-based andto upgrade the value chain and many more, including
factoring in industry 4.0 aspects.
In October 2018, MITI launched the National Policy on
Industry 4.0 (also known as Industry 4WRD) which was
led by MITI since 2017 together with several other main
ministries such as Ministry of Finance (MOF), Ministryof Multimedia and Communications (KKMM), Ministryof Human Resources (MOHR) and more. The policy
was established in response to the call for a digitaltransformation of the manufacturing sector and its
related services. Industry 4.0 is referred to as production
or manufacturing based industries digitalizationtransformation, driven by connected technologies.
Global digitalization has been on the rise since the last
decade, sweeping across the world, sending cautionary
vibes that those who do not innovate, will diminish.
2

It is indeed a definite transformation period for theIron & Steel industry to adapt to this new paradigm/
philosophy but the question remains on the superlative
possible effort by the industry as a whole. How do
Additive Manufacturing, Big Data, the Internet of Things,
Simulation, Autonomous Robots, Cloud and etc., be thebasis for enterprise-wide innovation?
While new technologies are being developed, the steel
industry has strived hard to make the world's strongest
and most versatile material even better. Altogether,about 2000 grades of steel have been developed, of
which 1500 grades are high-grade steels. There is still vastpotential for new grades of steel with varying properties
to develop and work on. Aside from that, the local steel
industry can heed MITI Secretary General’s suggestionand venture into high value-added production sectors(medical device, automotive, high-grade steel etc.) tofurther improve their bottom line and increase exports.
At Gebeng Industrial Area, Malaysia new steel player Alliance Steel (M) Sdn Bhd invested RM 4.2 billion to
set up the country’s largest steel mill that produces
beam products, bar, and steel wire rod. Alliance Steelwill definitely need to export most of its produces
and assist Malaysia to have a better balance of steel
trade rather than create a domestic pandemonium,
as for our local steel players, they must develop into ahigher value-added player and continuously improveits competitiveness. On the global arena, an easing of
the trade war between the US and China provided us
with much needed relief. Otherwise, further escalation
may cause malaysia to become a dumping site of steel
products when we do not want to see our country to bea hub for trade circumvention.
Moving forward, I hope that the entire Malaysia Iron
& Steel industry players collectively join MSI's as ourmembers and work together as one team to achievestronger competitiveness, higher resilience andmaintain the sustainability of the Malaysianiron and steel industry.

US SECTION 232 STEELACTION AND ARTICLE XXIOF GATT – TRADE REMEDYPart ll

BACKGROUNDIn Part 1, we examined the imposition of tariffs of
25% on steel and 10% on aluminium by the US
under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act 1962
(as amended) based on security reason; the WTO
provisions under Article XXI of GATT 1994 (Security
Exceptions), the Section 232 investigation procedure,
the details of the report that recommended for the
trade action and the final decision by the Presidentof the US to impose the tariffs on 23 March 2018.
Since then the initiation of investigation by the US
under Section 232 on autos and auto parts applied

globally, and imposing specifically Section 301 on
China on claim of violation of IP rights has escalated USChina trade relations to “tit-for-tat” retaliatory actions
by both the US and China. It is envisaged if this is prolonged, the so called “trade war” may become a reality?
Here we will try and examine compilation of views,
the latest updates after the imposition of tariff under
Section 232 and Section 301, including further
reactions of interested parties, impact on businesses,
mitigating actions of the effects of trade actions by
various countries.

3

STATUS OF USSECTION 232
ACTION ONSTEEL ANDALUMINIUM

4

Section 232 Tariffs on
Steel – Chronology
of Actions• 23 March 2018 - US imposed
tariffs of 25% on steel and 10%
on aluminium.
• Exempted Countries: Tariff of
25% imposed on selected iron& steel products on all countries,
except:√ SouthKorea,
Brazil,andArgentina (agreed to quotas);√ Australia (exempted without
any conditions); and√ South Africa given exemption
on 16 steel products and 161
aluminium products on 24
October 2018.
• Form of Retaliatory Actions
Against the US: Some countries
in response to this 25% tariff
imposition on selected iron &steel products have resorted totaking retaliatory action against
the US:√ byimposing
increaseintariffs on selected products(not confined to iron & steel
products); and√ the trade value equivalent to
the trade value affected by the
25% tariff imposed by the US.
• Retaliatory Actions by Countries:
The countries that have comeout with retaliatory lists against
the US are:
√ Canada; China, the EU; India;
Japan (not earlier than 23
March 2021); Mexico, Russia,
Switzerland (only has requested
for consultations) and Turkey.
Based on available data:◊ China: 15 to 25% additional
duties equivalent to $3.0 billion
effective 2 April 2018:-Products: fruits, vegetables,
wine, meats, steel products,
aluminium
waste,
andother products.
◊ The EU: 10 to 25% additional
duties on $3.2 billion in U.S.
goods effective 22 June 2018:-Products:
steel
and
aluminium
products,
bourbonwhiskey,
motorcycles,
tobaccoproducts, pleasure boats,
and other products; andAdditional
dutiesplannedto be imposed at 10 to 50%
equivalent to $4.2 billion from
1 June, 2021:-Products:
cranberries,denim
jeans,
footwear,
washing machines, andother items.
◊ Turkey: 4 to 70% additional
duties equivalent to $1.8 billion
from 1 June 2018:-Products: foodstuffs, paper,
plastic, structural steel,machinery, vehicles, andother products]. Additional
list to be announced.
◊ India: 4 to 100% additional
duties equivalent to $10.6
billion from 1 June 2018:-Products: nuts, apples,steel products, motorcycles,
and other products;◊ Mexico: 7 to 25% additional
duties equivalent to $3.6 billion
in two tranches on 5 June 2018
and 5 July 2018:-Products: pork, apples,
potatoes, bourbon, cheeses,
and other products.
◊ Canada:10
to25%
additional duties equivalent to$12.7 billion from 1 July 2018:-Products: steel, aluminium,
coffee, ketchup, orange
juice, paper products, andother consumer goods.
◊ Russia: First tranche at
25-40%
additional
duties,equivalent value of $87.6
million announced on 6 July
2018:
road
-Products:
construction equipment, oiland gas equipment, tools
andother products; andSecond tranche of $450
million to be imposed from
21 March 2021.
-Products: To be confirmed.

• Referred
to
WTO
Dispute(From 18 May till 15 August
Canada, China, the EU,
2018)
India, Mexico, Norway, Russia,
Switzerland and Turkey have also
referred to the WTO under the
Dispute Settlement Body:√ against the Section 232 steel
and aluminium action.
• The US has also counter filed inJuly 2018, sixteen (16) separate
WTO dispute settlement cases-

doubled from 25% to 50% forsteel only.
• Actions by Countries To Prevent
Trade Diversion: Actions By others
to avert trade diversion:√ 27 April 2018: Turkey exofficio initiated a safeguard
investigation concerning theimports of steel products.
√ 19 July 2018 – The EU ex
officio initiated safeguard
investigation,
imposedprovisionalsafeguard
measures on 23 categories
of steel products on tariff
quota basis with tariffs of
25% imposed when imports
exceed three-year average
imports – Malaysia is caught
only on one category –√stainless steel.
25 October 2018 – Canada
ex officio initiated safeguard
investigation,
imposedProvisional Safeguard duties
of 25% that exceeds tariff ratequota and gives exemption
toGeneralPreferential
Tariff(GPT)
beneficiaries,
under Article 9.1 of the WTO
Safeguard
Agreement–
Malaysia is not in the list of
GPT beneficiaries and thesafeguard measure therefore
applies to Malaysia.

The US-China trade war so far

Source: CRS based on WTO filings (https://www.
everycrsreport.com/reports/R45249.html#_
Toc524526874)

againstthe
duty
increases
imposed by China, the European
Union, Canada, Mexico, and Turkey
in response to the United States’
additional tariffs on imports ofsteel and aluminium products.
• 1 June 2018 – US imposed 25%
and 10% on additional Steel andAluminium products.
• 13 August 2018 – Tariffs against
Turkey under Section 232 were

POTENTIAL IMPACT*Additional threat to impose tariffs on a further $200bn worth of goods**$34bn plus $16bn in imports to be targeted in coming weeks FT Graphics: Cale Tilford
Source: US International Trade Commission, Peterson Institute for International Economics, FT research © FT

It has to be acknowledged that if the trade actions were
just limited to Section 232 global action on imposing
25% tariff on steel and 10% tariff on aluminium,
the impact would somewhat be limited. However,with retaliatory actions on the US by those countries
affected by the US steel/aluminium action and the US
further exacerbating the situation with Section 301
action specifically on China that has initiated a tit-for-tat
reaction between the economically biggest developed
country and economically biggest developing country- has raised the probability to escalation and probablefull blown trade war. This is especially so when we have
two different approaches on the tit-for-tat reactions:
On the one end, China, by culture would not want to“lose face” and be seen as “kau tauing” to the US, andat the other end, Donald Trump going for unilateralismwith solutions under his terms and conditions.
Here we take a look at the different views on thepossible/potential impact of this escalating tradewar. The evaluation on
US Section 232 global
action on steel andaluminium
needs
now to factor in
the US Section 301
action specifically on
China too.
Source: dailystar.co.uk

5Potential Impact of US Section 232
Action on Steel and Aluminium(Following views as expressed in the Congressional
Research Report on Section 232 Investigations: Overview
and Issues for Congress – 5 July – 11 September 2018:https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R45249.html#_Toc524526874)
Economic Impact on the US

Economic Impact on the US• In general, the tariffs are expected to benefit thedomestic steel and aluminium producers, leading
to potential higher steel and aluminium prices andexpansion in production in those sectors.
• Potentiallynegatively
affectingconsumers
and downstream domestic industries (e.g.,
manufacturing and construction) due to higher
costs of input materials.
• However, retaliatory tariffs by other countries may
impact U.S. exports, magnifying the negative
impact of the Section 232 tariffs.
Impact at Individual Firms and Consumers Levels• The price of targeted products under Section 232
on steel and aluminium, as input materials, will belikely to increase the quantum subject to:√ the extent of country exemptions and productexclusions given that will reduce the scope/
coverage;√ the ability of foreign producers to lower theirown prices and absorb a portion of the tariffincrease.
Example: CP Industries, a maker of steel cylinders
based in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, US:• Has begun paying tariffs on imports of certain
Chinese steel pipes it asserts cannot be producedin sufficient quantity in the United States to meet its
demands.
• The company claims this raises the costs of its
production by roughly 10%.
• The higher input costs potentially give foreigncompetitors an advantage in the U.S. market andabroad on the finished product.
Possible Change in Demand Pattern of Targeted
Products• Demand for imports from countries subjected totariffs will likely decrease.
• Demand for domestically produced products andexempted countries/product exclusion is likely toincrease.
6

Domestic Price Likely to Increase• As competition of imports is eliminated/reduced
through higher tariffs, domestic producers are able
to increase their prices. With higher demand fordomestically produced products with higher prices –more profits and possible more investments.
Example: U.S. Steel Corporation has announcedplans to reopen two blast furnaces in Granite City,
Illinois; andCentury Aluminum, America's largest primaryaluminium producer, on 22 August 2018 announced
the ceremonial restart of its smelter in Hawesville,
Kentucky, that will return the facility to full capacity,
create nearly 300 new American jobs by early 2019and result in the investment of more than $150
million in the local economy
Input Costs for Downstream Domestic Producers
Likely to Increase• For the goods subject to the tariffs, domestic
industries that use steel and aluminium in theirproducts (“downstream” industries, such as auto
manufacturers and oil producers):√ will face higher input costs; and√ likely to lead to some combination of lower profits
for producers and higher prices for consumers,
which in turn, could dampen demand fordownstream products and result in a reduction of
output in these sectors, and possibly employment
declines;
Example: Claim by Mid Continent Nail Corporation of
Missouri, a manufacturer reliant on imported steel
wire, could be forced to shut down operations,
including 500 manufacturing jobs, as a result of thetariffs.
Industries Unrelated to Steel and Aluminium Affected
Through Retaliation• Canada, China, Mexico, and the EU, the four largest
U.S. export markets, have now imposed retaliatory
tariffs on U.S. exports, including many U.S. agricultural
goods.
• The retaliatory tariffs would be expected to decreasedemand for U.S. exports and would give U.S. exporters
an incentive to manufacture abroad to avoid thetariffs.
Example: Harley Davidson has announced its intent

to shift some of its production out of the 		
United States in order to remain competitive in the
EU market.
• Shipping and transportation industries could also
face downward pressure on demand if trade slows.
Example: Northwest Seaport Alliance (NWSA)
representing the ports of Tacoma and Seattle
estimates that approximately $8 billion in annual
trade through their ports will be affected by U.S.
Section 232 tariffs and corresponding foreign
retaliatory tariffs. This could reduce employment in
the shipping and transport industries.
Overall Economic Impact on US• The direct economic effects of the Section 232 tariffs
on steel and aluminium may be limited due to therelatively small share of economic activity directly
affected.
√ The steel and aluminium products targeted still
represent a relatively small share of total U.S.
imports: in 2017 U.S. steel and aluminium imports
were $29 billion and $17 billion, respectively,
roughly 2% of all U.S. imports.
√ However retaliatory actions have immediate
negative economic impact and if a tit-for-tat
situation arises, the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
estimates that an extreme scenario of prohibitively
high retaliatory tariffs affecting all U.S.-China andU.S.-EU goods trade could result in a reduction of
U.S. GDP by 3.5%.

7

Source: https://thereadersbureau.com/trump-up-the-ante-on-trade-with-china/

US SECTION 301 OF THE US TRADEACT OF 1974•

The US Section 301 of the US Trade Act of 1974
authorises the US President to take all appropriate
action, including retaliation, to obtain the removal of
any act, policy of practice of a foreign governmentthat violates an international trade agreement or isunjustified, unreasonable, or discriminatory, and thatburdens or restricts U.S. commerce.
As for the Section 301 action taken against China(based on US Fact Sheet: (https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/fact-sheets/2018/june/section-301-investigation-fact-sheet)

the actions taken are as follows:• Under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, USTR
initiated an investigation to determine whether
China’s acts, policies, and practices related totechnology transfer, intellectual property, andinnovation are unreasonable or discriminatory, andburden or restrict U.S. commerce.
• According to the USTR:√ China uses joint venture requirements, foreign
investment restrictions, and administrative review
and licensing processes to require or pressuretechnology transfer from U.S. companies.

•
•
•

•

•

√ China deprives U.S. companies of the ability to
set market-based terms in licensing and othertechnology-related negotiations.
√ China directs and unfairly facilitates the systematicinvestment in, and acquisition of, U.S. companies
and assets to generate large-scale technology
transfer.
√ China conducts and supports cyber intrusions
into U.S. commercial computer networks to gain
unauthorized access to commercially-valuablebusiness
The USTR then recommended:√ 25% Ad Valorem Duties: To impose an additional
25 percent tariff on approximately $50 billion
of products from China that are strategicallyimportant to, and benefit from, the “Made in
China 2025” program and other Chinese industrial
policies.
√ WTO Dispute Settlement Body: To pursue at the
WTO to address China’s discriminatory licensing
practices.
6 July 2018 - US imposed 25% tariffs on US$34 billion(818 tariff lines) worth of goods from China.
10 July 2018 – The US further imposed 10% tariff on
US$200 billion worth of Chinese goods.
3 August 2018 - China retaliated by imposing 5 to
25% tariffs on US$60 billion worth of goods from theUnited States.
23 August 2018 - Additional tariffs were imposed
on US$16 billion (279 tariff lines) worth of Chinese
products. The Chinese government retaliated with
its own tariffs on American goods worth the sameamount.
24 September 2018 – Additional tariffs worth $200
billion (5,745 full and partial tariff lines) imposed on
Chinese imports.

IMPACTSTUDIES BYOTHERS
We take a look at two local regional reports:
1. US-China Trade War: Raising the Stakes: 25 July
2018 by MAYBANK Kim Eng Research
2. AMRO
Regional
Economic
Outlook2018,
Macroeconomic Prospects and Challenges– Excerpts taken from these reports and somemodified with updated information
8• The economic and trade impact is negative, butsomewhat limited so far.
• However with US resorting to Section 301 action
and imposing additional 10% import duty on$200 billion worth of Chinese imports the trade
impact could be bigger especially with China
reciprocating the action with its retaliatory list:

Raising the Pot - List of Imports from China Worth $200bn Identified for an Additional 10% Duty

Not on the list

Smartphones (iPhones), televisions, finished clothing and shoes

Broad Category

Items

Food products(animals/fish)

Tuna, salmon, cod, tilapia, frog legs, meat (deer, rabbits), shark fins, caviar

Food products(vegetables)

Cabbage, carrots, peas, mushrooms, potatoes, yams

FruitsPineapples, mangoes, cranberries, citrus fruits, apples, mandarins

CerealFlour, broken rice, buckwheat, malt, wheat

Processed foodFish balls, fish sticks, prepared/preserved eel, jams, peanuts, soy sauce, dog/cat foodAnimal products

Bovine semen, horsehair, tortoise shell, feather meal and waste

Electronic products

Television cameras, digital cameras, electric lamps, components in telephones, flat
panel displays, refrigerators, air-conditioners, drying machines, vacuum cleaners

Industrial products

Semiconductor-related goods, telecommunications equipment

Apparel & accessories

Handbags, cosmetics, perfumes, trunks, suitcases, buttons, articles of apparel andclothing accessories, gloves, handkerchiefs, silk, cotton, wool, tapestry, yarn, satin,
textile fabrics, hats and headgear

Household furnishings

Mattresses, furniture, parts of furniture, parts of lamps, chandeliers, seats, floor
covering and mats, toilet paper, table clothes, carpets, spoons, bath salts, soaps,

MineralsNatural graphite, natural silica, quartz, chalk, clay, sandstone, granite

Ores

Nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, lead, tin, chromium, tungsten

Chemicals

Various chemical compounds, pesticides, insecticides

RubberTires, bicycle rim stripes, gaskets, hard rubber

Precious metal

Diamonds, gold, silver, precious metal articles

MetalsIron, steel, stainless steel, cast iron, copper, springs, nickel, aluminium, zinc

VehiclesParts and accessories for bicycles/tractors/motor vehicles, bicycles, trailers and semitrailers, farm wagons, sailboats, canoes, yachts

OthersAntiques, paintings/drawings, engravings, sculptures, dog leashes, baseball gloves,tobacco, photographic plates, leather, wood, paperboard, paper, calculators, bricks,
coal

Note: The list above is not exhaustive. Source: USTR, Maybank Kim Eng•

Both China and the U.S. would be negatively

affected:√in utilizing economic stabilisers (given its significant
policy space) to cushion shocks.

In the first 12 months of the assumed shocks,

the losses would be similar for both China and• Impact on ASEAN from a trade war is more modest

the U.S. in that they would each lose around 0.2

but not negligible. AMRO’s estimates of a worst casepercentage points of growth, which means that the

scenario of a trade war, in which China exports torelative impact would be larger for the U.S.

US fall by $100bn and US exports to China fall by√

The effects would be more protracted for the$30bn, predicts ASEAN ex-Singapore GDP to fall

U.S., which could see growth down by another 0.2

between 0% to -0.45% in 12 months’ time. Japan,

percentage points by the 36-month mark. While thisKorea and Singapore are expected to see a far bigger

outcome might appear counter-intuitive given thehit, with GDP impacted by around -0.2% to -0.8% inassumed bigger proportional fall in China’s exports,

12 months’ time.

the U.S economy is more open and hence likely to• As for the five ASEAN Countries compared,

experience greater feedback effects flowing fromestimated total impact on GDP on one (1) to three

the impact on trade and finance of other partners.

(3) years are as follows:√Moreover, China has historically been effective
9

Country

Estimated Total Impact on GDP
Shock to China Exports

Shock to US Exports

Total Shock

12-Month

36-Month

12-Month

36-Month

12-Month

36-Month

Singapore

-0.03
to
-0.10

-0.10
to
-0.80

-0.03
to
-0.16

0.02
to
-0.16

-0.02
to
-0.77

-0.16
to
-0.76

Thailand

0.00
to
-0.08

0.01
to
-0.12

0.01
to
-0.06

0.02
to
-0.08

0.00
to
-0.10

0.20
to
-0.75*

Malaysia
Vietnam
The Philippines

Notes: The model assumes declines of US$100bn in China exports and (proportional) $30bn in US exports. The data for some member economies are insufficient to be included in the model.
*Refers to one outlier country; the rest are within the 0.2 to -0.5 range.
Source: AMRO Regional Economic Outlook 2018, “Macroeconomic Prospects and Challenges”•

A few factors explain the more modest hit on third

countries, especially those outside the China supply
chain:√ Firstly, import tariffs impact relative prices
andismitigated

Consumers

canbyswitch“substitutiontoeffects”.

substitutes

fromthird countries which will help negate the tariff
impact, and this trade diversion will benefit third

TRUMP'S TRILLION-DOLLAR
TRADE WAR

U.S. President Donald Trump's trade wars withallies and trade partners could easily surge
through the trillion-dollar mark and affect almosta third of America's total trade with the world

countries and hold up global growth and trade.
√ Secondly, import tariffs are tariffs that are hit
at the import costs, not the final sale price which
could be much higher due to mark-up andintermediation costs. Effective percentage impact
on final sale price could be much lower than thetariff rate (of 25% for $50bn worth of imports and
10% for the next $200bn).
√ Currency adjustments can also offset the
impact of import tariffs. For instance, the recent 8%
CNY depreciation has softened the impact of the
25% tariff on $50bn of China exports to US, withthe remaining large portion of China exports not
subjected to the tariffs much more competitive.
The negative hit on China exports may therefore
be quite limited as a result.
•

The following graphic shows world trade inmerchandise in 2017 and value of trade that could
be affected by a U.S. trade dispute:

10

Source: https://www.graphicnews.com/en/pages/38115/BUSINESS-Trump%E2%80%99s-trilliondollar-trade-war

FURTHERDEVELOPMENTS√ 23 May 2018 - Self initiated Investigation under
Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962
on automobiles (including SUVs, vans and lighttrucks) and auto parts. The investigation will need
to be concluded in 270 days, the President has
up to 90 days after receiving the report and if it isdecided to impose a measure, the measure would
be imposed within 15 days of the President’s
decision whether to act is expected around MidMay 2019.
√ An Oxford Economics report concludes that
Trump’s threat of tariffs on Europe's automotive
sector could destroy 100,000 American jobs in2019.

Source: https://www.google.com/imgres• The US was preparing tariffs on all remaining Chinese
imports to the US and to announce the move in
December, according to a Bloomberg report.
• The tariffs would apply to roughly $257 billion worthof Chinese goods and likely increase prices for US
businesses and consumers.
• We also need to take into cognisance that the US has
also initiated Section 232 action that applies globallyon automobiles and auto parts which may have a far
more impact on global trade:

Source: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/90/32/8f/90328f166d19924371eca4f55030e2bb.jpg

To recap the current status of actions by the US on China and China on the US.

11• Buys time for the two countries to work out theirdifferences in a dispute over Beijing’s aggressive
drive to supplant U.S. technological dominance.
The truce augurs well for the time being but we will
have to wait and see if the call for truce will convert
to permanent moratorium of the “tit-for-tat” actions.
General views are the acclaimed truce will mostly likely
not last – too short a time to come to a deal. Let us see....
and hope for the best that parties will come to theirsenses and not start the “sandiwara” again...
[Note: Sources quoted where “no copyright infringement is intended”]
https://www.google.com/search?q=Cartoon+images+-US-China+trade+war+truce&client=firefox-b&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjm2bnK0tPfAhUCbo8KHbKSD08QsAR6BAgGEAE&biw=1600&bih=767#imgrc=GytpiZ3B7PECkM:

TRUCE DECLARATIONThe Time reported on the 1 December 2018 meetingof President Trump and Chinese Leader Xi Jingping at
the Group of 20 Summit in Buenos Aires agreed to atruce where:• Trump agreed to hold off on plans to raise tariffs Jan.
1 on $200 billion in Chinese goods.
• The Chinese agreed to buy a “not yet agreed upon,but very substantial amount of agricultural, energy,
industrial” and other products from the United States
to reduce America’s huge trade deficit with China.

12

TYPES OF

STANDARDS
Standard refers to “a document approved by arecognised body, that provides, for common andrepeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for
products or related processes and production methods,
with which compliance is not mandatory; and which
may also include or deal exclusively with terminology,
symbols, packaging, marking or labelling requirements
as they apply to a product, process or production
method.” [Source: Standards of Malaysia Act 1996 (Act549)].
Standards can be applied at company, industry,
national, regional or international levels. They may
be used on a voluntary basis, or made mandatory bycompany policy, industry policy, national, regional orinternational regulation, or by law.
Most of the standards can be categorised according to
the function they need to perform as follows:
1) Terminology/vocabulary/glossary provides a setof terms and definitions; often in association withunits, symbols, abbreviations, or acronyms. It helps
to harmonise the use of language in a particularsubject or discipline. It is sometimes accompanied byexplanatory notes, illustrations, examples, etc.
2). Classifications provides a systematic arrangement
or division of materials, products, systems, or services
into groups based on similar characteristics suchas origin, composition, properties, or use. This is themost important part of any classification as it sets up
categories in which groupings are made.
3) Dimensions and measurement specifies thedimensions and harmonises the measurement
method so that a consistent result is achievable.
4) Specifications
providesdetailed,
absolute
requirements and characteristics of a material,
product, system or a service and their performance.
Specification standards include but are not limited torequirements for: physical, mechanical, or chemical
properties, and safety, quality, or performance criteria.
It is commonly used for product safety purposes or forother applications where a high degree of certainty
14

and assurance is required by its user.
Specifications may be used to facilitate purchasing, tocreate standardisation and to provide technical data.
5) Test methods standard provides the procedurefor determining the values of characteristics, such astemperature and chemical composition, etc. It is also
used to check conformity to the stated requirements,
ensuring reproducibility of the result. A test method
usually includes a concise description of an orderly
procedure for determining a property or constituent
of a material, an assembly of materials or a product. All
details regarding apparatus, test specimen, procedure,
and calculations are needed to achieve satisfactory
results. Sometimes it is also supplemented withadditional provisions.
6) Codes of practice describes a definitive set of
instructions for performing one or more specificoperation that does not include a test result. It
recommends a sound good practices or proceduresfor design, manufacture, installation, maintenanceor utilisation of equipment, structures or products
which are currently undertaken by competent andconscientious practitioners. They are commonlyused in the laboratory, construction, civil engineering
industries, etc. Code of practice may be used as a
guideline to assist the user in complying with statutory
obligations.
7) Guidelines gives a compendium of information orseries of options that does not recommend a specificcourse of action. The purpose of this type of standard is
only to offer guidance but not to establish a standardpractice to be followed in all cases. A guide is intended
to increase the awareness of the user concerningavailable techniques in a given subject area, whileproviding information from which subsequent testing
programmes can be derived.
There are also other type of standards not limited tothe abovementioned. Therefore, it is very crucial toselect the appropriate standards to serve the rightapplication.

STEELMAKING 102:INTRODUCTION
TO IRONMAKING
As stated in the last publication (The Steel Advocate issue 1: 2018), the modern steelmaking process can befurther segregated into six distinct steps (Figure 1) namely:

Ironmaking

Continuous
casting

Steelmaking

Manufacturing

Fabrication

Finishing

Figure 1. Overview of the modern steelmaking process

As a continuity from previous article, this issue will discuss in depth (using simpler terms) on the first process:ironmaking.
16

IRONMAKING
Iron (Fe) is a relatively dense metal with a silvery white
appearance and distinctive magnetic properties. It
constitutes 5% of the Earth’s crust, and is the fourthmost abundant element after oxygen, silicon, andaluminum. It melts at 1,538°C (2,800°F).
In general terms, ironmaking is the process of
extracting iron is from its ore (rocks rich in iron oxide)in a blast furnace. The iron ore is mixed with coke (arefined form of coal with a very high carbon content)
and limestone. This mixture is then baked into a crusty
mixture known as sinter (that has a very high surfacearea) before being loaded into a huge brick-lined blast
furnace. Hot air is blasted through the mixture, raising
the temperature to 1800°C. At this temperature several
different reactions occur resulting in liquid iron and amolten waste product called slag.
3 things are required as raw materials in ironmaking:Iron Ore

1. Iron ores: minerals from which metallic iron canbe economically extracted. There are different typesof iron ores (Table 1). Ores containing very highquantities of hematite or magnetite (greater thanabout 60% iron) are known as “natural ore” or “direct
shipping ore”, meaning they can be fed directly into
iron-making blast furnaces.
2. Coke: a grey, hard, and porous fuel with highcarbon content and few impurities. It is made byheating coal in the absence of air. In ironmaking, it
acts as both reducing agent and fuel to melt themetal and slag; and3. Limestone: this material removes impurities fromiron ores. It reacts with iron ore to produce pig ironand slag that can be easily extracted from the blast
furnace. The slag can be used as raw material to
make Portland cement.

Coke

Limestone

Figure 2. Iron ore, coke and limestone

Oxide ores

Stoichiometry

Iron content
(wt%)

Color

Magnetite

Fe3O4

72.36%

Black

Hematite

Fe2O3

69.94%

Red

Ilmenite

FeTiO336.80%

Black / grey

LimoniteFeO(OH) / HFeO2 62.85%

Brown

DO YOU KNOW
5 countries namely China (1.38
bil MT), Australia (824 mil MT),
Brazil (411 mil MT), India (129mil MT%) and Russia (112 milMT) produced more than
80% of the world’s iron ore.

Table 1. Description of different oxide ores

DO YOU KNOWThe Eiffel Tower (324 metres), thehighest man-made structure in
the world for 41 years (1889
to 1930), is constructed using puddled iron, a form of
wrought iron.

Pig iron is the intermediate product of smelting iron ore with highcarbon fuel such as coke, usually with limestone as flux. It has extremely
high carbon content (3%-4%) which makes it very brittle, thus limiting
its usage. The pig iron will be further reworked to become wroughtiron (tough malleable iron suitable to make gates, furniture, etc.) or
further processed by reducing the carbon content to produce steel(≤1.4% carbon) for construction, automobiles, ships and machinery use

17

USE OF BLAST
FURNACE IN
IRONMAKINGPROCESS

Unlike steelmaking that can be done using several furnaces (basic oxygen furnaces, electric arc furnaces, andinduction furnace) as mentioned in previous article, ironmaking is done using a single type of furnace namely blast
furnace (Figure 2). Historically, this process was done using the Bessemer converter and open hearth furnaces(1850s to early 1900s). The detailed process and chemical reactions occurred during ironmaking process using a
blast furnace is given in Figure 3.
1. Iron ore + limestone sinter2. Coke
3. Elevator
4. Feedstock inlet
5. Layer of coke
6. Layer of sinter pellets (ore + limestone)
7. Hot blast (around 1200 °C)
8. Removal of slag
9. Tapping of molten pig iron10. Slag pot
11. Torpedo car for pig iron
12. Dust cyclone for separation of solid particles
13 Cowper stoves for hot blast
14. Smoke outlet
15. Feed air for Cowper stoves (air pre-heaters)
16. Powdered coal
17. Coke oven
18. Coke19. Blast furnace gas downcomer
Figure 2. Schematic of a blast furnace18

In general, the processes that occur in a blast furnace includes (Figure 3):
1. Raw materials (iron ore, limestone and coke) are fed (charged) from the top of the blast furnace. These chargematerials will slowly descent downwards to the hotter part of the furnace.
2. At the bottom of the furnace, hot air is blown from tuyeres or nozzle, burning the coke and creating several
chemical reactions that produce melted iron and hot gases. The gases produced are drawn off at the top androuted to a gas cleaning plant.
3. The melted iron further sinks to the bottom, creating a layer of iron at the bottommost part of the furnace.
Limestone will react with impurities and form a slag that will float on top of the iron layer.
4. The iron and slag are drawn off separately from the bottom of the furnace. The whole process continues 24hours a day, 365 days a year, until maintenance process is required

Figure 3. Detailed chemical reactions and process happening in a blast furnace

References

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Iron processing. https://www.britannica.com/technology/iron-processing
Blast furnace. http://sfscience.net/?p=8895
Top iron ore producing countries in the world. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-iron-ore-producing-countries-in-the-world.html
Blast furnace. https://www.eurotherm.com/blast-furnace-and-stoves
Iron. http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Iron.html
Pig iron production – blast furnace route. https://www.metallics.org/pig-iron-bf.html

19

INDUSTRY 4WRD

The National Policy on Industry 4.0
Shaping the Future of Industry
The Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)
has recently launched the National Policy on Industry
4.0, known as Industry4WRD. The official Launching
Ceremony was officiated by YAB Prime Minister, Tun Dr.
Mahathir Mohamad at MITI Tower in October 2018.
MITI has led the development of Industry4WRD since
mid-2017 together with several key ministries suchas Ministry of Finance (MOF), Ministry of Multimedia
and Communications (KKMM), Ministry of Human
Resources (MOHR), Ministry of Education (MOE) and
Ministry of Energy, Science, Environment and Climate
Change (MESTECC), related agencies, industry andstakeholders.
Industry4WRD is Malaysia’s response to call for digitaltransformation of the manufacturing sector and its
related services with a primary focus on SME/SMI
due to their major contribution to the manufacturingindustry. This policy envisions Malaysia as a strategic
partner for Smart-Manufacturing with comprehensive
and consistent increase in productivity. The Policy aims
to pave the way for enhanced productivity, job creationand high-skilled talent pool in the manufacturing

Providing Fundingandoutcome–based incentives;

Creating enabling
ecosystems
andefficient
digitalInfrastructure;

The primary focus of Industry4WRD covers catalytic
sectors and high growth potential sectors identified
under the 11th RMK, namely Electrical & Electronics,
Machinery & Equipment, Chemicals, Aerospace andMedical Devices. Particular attention is given to SMEs
to propel forward as they account for the bulk of
manufacturing (98.5%) with a contribution of up to 22%
to the national GDP, generating a 5.1% GDP growthrate and provides a major part of employment (42%).
Industry 4.0 will transform and upscale SMEs to remaincompetitive by capturing the benefits of disruptive
technologies and innovation.
The government will act as an enabler in theoverall digital transformation of companies in the
manufacturing sector and related services, particularly
the SMEs, through the strategic enablers coined as
F.I.R.S.T:

Ensuring Regulatory
frameworkandindustry adoption;

One of government’s strong initiatives was to develop
the Industry4WRD Readiness Assessment Programmethat will enable businesses to asses where they stand,what are the current gaps existing in their manufacturing
line and how can they move into Industry 4.0 throughtargeted intervention of experienced assessors. The
readiness assessment will be implemented in thescreening of 500 small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
early 2019.

20

sector especially zin the Millennial/Generation Y
talent as a start to the new approach of today’s TalentManagement.

UpSkilling existingand ensuring future
talents are produced
and;Providing access to
Smart Technologies

With the introduction of Industry4WRD, the government
believes that the Industry will remain ahead andcompetitive in facing the challenges brought by the
Fourth Industrial Revolution. Agility to adapt to theinevitability of Industry 4.0 will drive Malaysia’s industry
forward and make Malaysia an attractive prospect for
high-technology, innovative and high value-addedindustries in years to come.
Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)
Strategic Communications Unit

Women of

Steel
Q1

The steel industry has been
historically considered to be maledominated since its inception. Do
you agree that there are lesser
women in the industry, specificallyin Malaysia? What, in your opinion
could be the reasons?

Y. BHG Datin K. Talagavathi

Deputy Secretary General (Industry)
Ministry of International Trade and Industries (MITI)

Steel industry is generally classified
as a heavy industry and participationof women in such industry is indeed
low. In Malaysia, it is still very much amale dominated industry comparedwith other sub-sectors such as
electrical and electronics, chemicaland food industry or even theautomotive and aerospace industry.
For instance, there is yet a female
CEO or high ranking ladies in the steel
industry in Malaysia.

Among the reasons contributing to the lack of participation by women is the perception
and notion that it is a high risk industry, and the work environment involving heavymachinery and materials, as well as the nature of the job itself. Basic raw materials forsteel such as iron ore, coal and limestone are bulky. Steel plants are usually huge andspread over wide areas where intense heat and massive equipment are needed in the
production process. Heaviness of the raw material, weight of steel products, massive
equipment, heat, furnace and other hazards are not attractive factors to lure interest in
the industry.

Q2
My involvement in the iron & steel industry firststarted in the 1990’s when I was attached to the
Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs
where I was responsible for monitoring prices of
essential products including iron and steel.

Could you give us a little backgroundas to how did you got involved with
the iron and steel industry? Was it bydesign (of holding the post) or by yourown choice or situation led you into it?

I moved to MITI in 2002 and have held various
positions in both the Industry and Trade Wing for the past 16 years. My direct involvement with the iron andsteel industry began in 2015 when I assumed the post of Director of Trade Practices Division where I had
frequent dealings with the industry players in relation to request and initiation of anti-dumping and subsidy
actions to be undertaken for the steel industry.
This involvement with the industry was further enhanced when I was appointed the Senior Director of Sectoral
Division in 2016 and thereafter as the Deputy Secretary General MITI (Industry) from January 2018. This
positions involves responsibility in formulation, implementation and monitoring of policies related to all subsectors under the manufacturing sector including the steel industry.
Besides that, I am also currently the Chair of the Malaysia Steel Institute’s (MSI) Board of Directors. I also chair
the Duty Exemption Committee for Iron and Steel Raw Materials.

22

Q3

Now that you are “in”,
how does it feel –when people engage
you on issues related
to I&S? What keeps
you going?

I understand the industry better and my knowledge of the industry has increased
since my involvement with the industry. I have visited a few steel plants andam amazed by the technology, size and number of machines in those plants.
I know now what hot roll coil and cold roll coils are as well as the processes
involve in the steel manufacturing value chain. I understand how an induction
furnace operates vis-a-vis electric furnace and blast furnace.
It is indeed a huge investment heavy machinery industry. The very nature of the
manufacturing process such as steel refining, alloying, melting, de-slagging andother processes can be frightening.

Having been involved with the steel industry for a while now, I find it to be an interesting andchallenging industry. There are a whole range of industry players to deal with from the upstream, mid-stream
and downstream players, manufacturers, traders, steel service centres and others with each category having
its own set of issues and challenges. More often than not, the Government has to play a facilitative role inbringing this different groups of people in the industry together and work closely with each other to create
a conducive environment. Although it is a challenge at times, it feels good when we are able to undertakethat facilitative role and settle issues amicably.

Q4

Based on the current scenario, in the context of Malaysia, the industry is still
very much a male domain industry. There are not much opportunities for
women as yet. There is still the fear that women may not be able to do a fulljob and would be a disrupting element and becoming a liability instead.

Do you see women as
having an advantage in
the industry; and what
can be done to encourage
more women to explore acareer in this industry?

The industry need to be more open. There are some global steelmakers actively
attempting to attract more women and recruiting more female engineers andtraining them for advancement. Domestic industry players should emulate this and undertake some programmes andmeasures to encourage more women into the industry. Aerospace is also considered a heavy industry but there aredefinitely more females in that industry compared to the steel industry.
The local Iron and Steel industry may want to:- develop internal policies for gender equity practices in the hiring, promotion and compensation of employees toeliminate the possibility of discriminatory practices;- promote female participation in different line of work in the industry beyond administrative and liaison duties;- feature outstanding female line workers in media/bulletins etc. to highlight success in areas dominated by male; and- ensure that there is no unexplained gender pay gap on salaries, bonuses and other benefits each year so that men
and women are fairly compensated.

Q5

Do you see yourself engaging actively inencouraging more women to join the industry?
– What would be your advice on the plus points
and what would be the downside challenges
that one has to be prepared to face? Would you
like to add any other views to encourage more
women to take up a career in the I&S industry.

I would definitely encourage more women to join
the industry as there is no job that a woman can’t
do. A woman can rise as far as she wants to go.
We need to be bold and be ready to take on any
challenge, the steel industry is still considered
traditionally male, that would be the main
challenge we need to address. We need more
female engineers and technician in the steel
industry.

There are already signs that the perception andculture is changing as women are opening up tojobs in manufacturing sector including in steel industry, and companies are starting to recruit women in 3D(dirty, dangerous, difficult) jobs. We do see more and more female engineers graduating and joining the labour
market annually. All of this is happening organically, but there are ways to speed up the process such as toencourage this career as a viable path for both gender at an early age through outreach programmes andcareer fairs. The industry needs to break away from public perception as an antiquated industry.

23

INDUSTRY 4.0

for Iron and Steel Industry
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is an overarchingindustrial transformation that covers every aspect ofindustries and economic activities including every
aspect of living. It is a total transformation of all sectors
into new system and/or way of life that will change theway we do businesses. Current technological advances
at times also considered as ‘disruptive technologies’
due to the convergence of the physical, digital andbiological worlds.
Industry 4.0 is referred to as production or manufacturing
based industries digitalisation transformation, driven byconnected technologies. Industry 4.0 introduces what
is referred to as “smart factory” in which cyber physicalsystems monitor real time physical progress of thefactory and are able to make decentralized decisions.
Other terminology includes Smart Manufacturing.
Some regard Industry 4.0 as a subset of the Fourth
Industrial Revolution.
The steel industry as backbone industry ofindustrialisation is leading the way in ‘smart factory’,from the steel industry’s perspective, Industry 4.0 means
24

almost-autonomous steelworks. People, products andproduction facilities are fully connected through theInternet of Things (IoT).
The natural of steel production is already automatedto a certain extent, however, often the systems in place
work in an isolated way or with limited interfaces toother systems. The first major challenge in is to integrate
all systems and productions units. Industry 4.0 does notjust mean having a steel-producing in a smart factorythrough autonomous steelworks.
Among the key processes in steel industry that can betransformed under industry 4.0 by adopting the latest
technology are as follows:
Product quality systems:• Modelling of material and surface characteristics for
local process control resulting in optimum quality;• Computer Aided Quality Control (CAQC) with 100%
testing, inspection and storage of data related to hotrolled coils minimising claims and cost of potential
quality issues;• Intelligent grading of coils and rerouting of coils within
production lines to find best match with customer
orders reducing rejects and optimising yield;• Operational research (Big Data analytics) of processdata related to coil segments for fault tracking andprocess efficiency;• Real-time dynamic line scheduling and adjustmentof process parameters with Artificial Intelligence(BIOMIMIC + Parallel Computing) in rolling andfinishing.
Predictive maintenance:• Predictive Asset Maintenance increasing up-timeassisted by advance warnings of failures.
• Remote assistance of maintenance teams with smart
glasses.
Process control and safety:• Dynamic real-time analysis and control of blast
furnace process parameters using sonic, laser andradar visualisation;• Sensors detect harmful stray gases, noises andtemperatures, and notify operators of threats;• Advanced fully-automated BOF from charging totapping;• Networked platforms of assets such as blast furnaces
where process experts can see every operation in
real-time and collaborate with each other;• Use of drone technology for inspection of areas thatare difficult to reach in the plant and surveying andplanning of mining operations.

Malaysia Steel industry is currently under pressure

due the rising cost of doing business, competition fromregional steelmakers and low production capacity
utilisation rate and it is believe local Malaysia steel
industry can benefits by moving in to Industry 4.0,
among the expected outcome are as follows:i. Increase in flexibility;
ii. Increased productivity, efficiency, quality andreduced time to market;
iii.More Research and development activities; andiv.Development of new skills and talent globally.
In line with the newly launched Malaysia National Policy
on Industry 4.0 led by Ministry of International Tradeand Industry (MITI) with philosophy Attract, Create andTransform (A-C-T):• Attract stakeholders to Industry 4.0 technologies &processes;• Create the right ecosystem for Industry 4.0
technologies to be adopted and to nurture
innovations; and• Transform capabilities of the manufacturing industry
to be Industry 4.0-ready.
MSI is collaborating with SIRIM STS Sdn Bhd inorganising a training course with title “Awareness toindustry 4.0” in the month of March 2019 to attract
and create basis awareness among local steel industry
players before moving into Industry 4.0.
Company or individual interested in the training cancontact Leon via email at leon@malaysiasteelinstitute.
com or mobile 012 669 2491.
References
Smart Manufacturing by Dr Rizwan Janjua, World Steel Association, MITI
Industry4wrd National policy on industry 4.0.

25

NEW TECHNOLOGY GOVERNANCE
VITAL FOR CROSS-SECTOR BENEFITS
The intensifying speed of internet connectivity, growing
intelligence of computer hardware and the increased
efficiency of manufacturing processes is definitely
beneficial for both consumer and manufacturer.
It means the lives of the human race are further
enriched by cutting-edge technologies providing new
dimensions of products and services which were notpossible before.
The advent of such technology should not be fearedor rejected – however, a structured development andgovernance of such technologies is the key to spura transition, from a labour intensive economy to an
economy that is based on a critical mass of talent thatis well versed in technology.
Within the automotive industry, the Malaysia Automotive
Robotics and IoT Institute (MARii), previously known as
MAI, has been executing Industry 4.0 programs since2014, through the MARii Intelligent Technology Systems(MITS) initiative.
MITS provides the local industry with the necessary
infrastructure and technology foundations in ensuring
timely developmental goals in line with Industry 4.0.
It is housed in MARii’s headquarters as well as centresof excellence – the MARii Design Center (MADeC), theMARii Resource Centre (MAReC) and National Emissions
Test Centre (NETC).
With more than 500 companies utilising and benefitingfrom the MITS initiative, we have learned that thedevelopment of smart mobility applications should
start with a strong foundation in the areas of Advanced
Manufacturing and Advanced IT.
The two areas above manifest through deployment of
Robotics and utilisation of the Internet of Things (IoT).
They are integrated to create a manufacturing andservice ecosystem that allows mass customisation, as
well as the wisdom to gather data and information inorder to operate autonomously.
The mastery of the disciplines above forms a holistic
system – which is an intelligent, data driven, accurate
and cost effective solution to fulfil customer demands,
and to ensure that businesses can adapt to futuretechnology.
Furthermore, technology investments are indeed along term investments. In order to ensure investors’
confidence in maintaining their commitment to27

industry and its future expansion, a sound businessmodels and talent development is the requisite core to
cement their trust.

performance, fuel efficiency and safety of individual
drivers, no longer based on blanket specifications at a
macro level.

The International Federation of Robotics forecasts a
USD70 billion market size for the robotics sector by theyear 2025. McKinsey Global Institute forecasts a global
IoT value between USD3.9 to USD11.1 trillion within thesame timeframe.

If such intelligence can be further expanded to cover
every component of the vehicle, the potential benefitsof mass customisation will be limitless.

These trends demonstrate the importance of Industry
4.0 readiness – competitiveness of businesses will
depend highly on new industrial technologies anddata driven product strategies.
For example – in today’s vehicles, sensors in a car’s
engine system are already logging engine operating
conditions, vehicle usage and driver input through thevehicle’s Electronic Control Unit (ECU).
A simple device, connected to the cloud, would allow
data from millions of vehicles on the road to be usedby car manufacturers, government regulators, safetyengineers, or even environmental conservation experts
to create safer and more efficient engines.
Each car can now be customised at the factory, using
smart autonomous robots to produce customised
engines, each tuned to the needs of specific customers.
This means each product on the road is optimised forMore importantly, the application of robotics and IoT is
not limited to smart mobility and manufacturing only.
They are applicable in many other industries, including
aerospace, agriculture, healthcare, oil & gas, anddefence.
The recent announcement of Industry4WRD is an
important step in ensuring a seamless alignment
between industry, government and academia takes
place – to ensure the necessary regulations, businessstructure, talent pool and eco-systemic mindset moves
beyond Industry 4.0 compliance, and allows the nation
to thrive within it.
A cross-sectoral alignment to the above is key tomaximise the benefits of smart mobility, robotics,
IoT and the full spectrum of Industry 4.0 elements.
Each industry provides its own angle to the businessand talent development within the transition to anadvanced, technology based economy.
With a well co-ordinated governance and businessstrategy development, perhaps the massive challenges
we face in order to move to the next phase, will not be
as burdensome after all.

Dato’ Madani Sahari
Chief Executive Officer
Malaysia Automotive Robotics
and IoT Institute (MARii)

28

29

SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
OF IRON ANDSTEEL INDUSTRYIN THE ERAOF FOURTH
INDUSTRIALREVOLUTION

DR. LEE KHAI ERN,NUR KHAIRLIDA MUHAMAD KHAIRThe Malaysian iron and steel industry accounted 2.9%
to GDP in 2016 and it has been forecasted to generate
up to 6.5% of GDP growth offering up to 225,000 job
opportunities in 2020 [1], with its strong linkages towide range of sectors including electrical & electronics,
automotive, oil & gas, furniture, machinery andconstruction industries. Iron and steel industry plays
an essential role in the socio-economic development
in Malaysia, contributing to prosperity, employment,
livelihood and wellbeing to the country. At the sametime, iron and steel industry is viewed as resources
consuming industry and contributing externalities
like CO2 to the environment because iron and steel
industry relies heavily on natural resources and fossil
fuels for its production process and energy source.
Malaysian government has ratified the Paris Agreementby pledging to reduce 45% of its greenhouse gas
emission by 2030 in relation to 2005 GDP and cut 32
million tonnes of carbon emission by 2020 [2]. Iron andsteel industry has been identified as one of the maingreenhouse gas emission contributors in Malaysia after
mineral products (cement production) and limestone30& dolomite use, estimated to contribute about 2.56
million tonnes CO2 eq [3], according to Biennial Update
Report (2015) to United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change, hence sustainable development of
the industry is required to remain competitive in the
global market [4].
With the United Nations 17 Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) come into play on 25 September 2015,
SDG 9 (Industries, Innovation and Infrastructure), SDG
12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG
13 (Climate Action) particularly are of the concernedgoals for the iron and steel industry. The industry
should rethink innovative new ways for their sustainableconsumption and production processes in mitigatingclimate change which is now affecting national
economies and lives, costing people, communities
and countries with extreme weather patterns due tothe greenhouse gas emissions. Affordable and scalable
technologies are expected to be available to assist theindustry to leapfrog towards cleaner and more resilientbusiness models.

Malaysian iron and steel industry continue to revolvearound its current paradigm between mass andautomation productions whereby linear businessmodels still being practised in which products are
manufactured from raw materials extracted from thenatural environment and then disposed at the endof their live span. Such paradigm needs a shift in theera of fourth industrial evolution, from liner businessmodels to circular business models where intelligent
systems take place in design and manufacturing,leading to products or their parts being repaired,reused, returned and recycled, with the assistance ofsmart systems, such as autonomous robots, simulation,system integration, internet of things, cybersecurity,
cloud, additive manufacturing, augmented reality
and big data. With the leverage of intelligent
technologies, iron and steel industry could promote
green manufacturing practices by cutting their CO2
emissions and waste productions in their processes.
For instance, iron and steel industry could generate its
own energy using the gas from their smart furnaces
and rolling processes to reduce
the large amountof energy consumption fromthe grid. Sensors could be
used to measure and optimize
the production of different gradesof steel in minimizing energy andmaterial wastes.
Figure 1 shows how a circular businessmodel in a life-cycle approach could
help
through reduce, reuse, remanufacture and recyclein achieving SDGs. REDUCE: Extensive R&D over the
past decades have produced high-strength iron andsteel products which in turn reduce the weight ofiron and steel products as well as the amount of raw
materials and energy usage. REUSE: With the highstrength iron and steel products being introduced into
the market, these products could be reused withoutcompromising its safety and mechanical properties
due to its durability. REMANUFACTURE: Restoring ironand steel products to like-new condition instead ofthorough disassembly could add value to the products.
RECYCLE: Since iron and steel are 100% recyclable, inwhich over 650 million tonnes of steel are recycled
annually [5], the products can be recovered fromalmost any waste stream into a closed material loop.
Circular business models encourage the industry in
reducing, reusing, remanufacturing and recycling ofiron and steel materials, offering a markedly different

approach and outcome to the “take, make, consume
and dispose” business model we have been used to.
In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, thedelivery of SDGs should largely depend on new
business models. With Malaysia being on its pathmarching towards advanced nation by 2020, iron andsteel industry being one of the prime movers of thecountry’s economy, plays an important role to drive
sustainable development by adopting circular businessmodels instead of linear, providing opportunities forthe industry to practise sustainable consumption andproduction to meet the Paris Agreement and SDGs.

References[1]
Dato’ Soh Thian Lai & Frankie Foo (2017), Malaysian
Iron & Steel Federation Country Report-Malaysia, 2017 SEAISI
Conference & Exhibition. 23 May 2017.
[2]
The Star (2016), Malaysia to ratify Paris Agreement(https://w w w.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/11/11/msia-toratify-paris-agreement/#ISowoeVE0PB6V1tj.99) 11 Nov 2016.
[3]
Trade and Industry Related Emerging Issues Division, Ministryof International Trade and Industry (MITI) (2017), Malaysia and The United
Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change (UNFCCC) – The Paris
Agreement. 11 December 2017.
[4]
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia (2015),
Biennial Update Report to The UNFCCC, 2015.
[5]
World Steel Association (2015), Steel in circular economy.

31

Figure 1 Circular model of iron and steel production (Adapted from World Steel Association 2015).

KHAI ERN, PhD
About LEE
is a Senior Lecturer of the
Universiti
Kebangsaan(UKM) wherebyt h e Malaysia
he is currently the Deputy(Infrastructure
and Instrumentation) at
Author Director
the Centre for ResearchandInstrumentation
Management (CRIM) anda Fellow at the Institute forEnvironment and Development (LESTARI). He isa Panel Accredited Mediator of the MalaysianMediation Centre, Bar Council of Malaysia.
He is a Fellow at the Jeffrey Sachs Center on
Sustainable Development, Sunway University
as well as a Member of the Young Scientist
Network-Academyof
Sciences
Malaysia(YSN-ASM). He can be contacted through:khaiernlee@ukm.edu.my

32

NUR
KHAIRLIDA
MUHAMAD KHAIR,
MSc is currently a PhD

candidate at the InstituteforEnvironment
andDevelopment(LESTARI),
Universiti
Kebangsaan
Malaysia (UKM).

INDUSTRYHIGHLIGHTS

MODERN INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGYSDN BHD (“MITEC”)
MITEC is a fast growing and dynamic group ofcompanies who has its established business in iron andsteel industry. Having its head office strategically basein Malaysia, we serve our customers from South East
Asia countries and India.
Mitec Trading business entity supplies and distributes
a wide range of products, representing world classproducers for steel plants and rolling mills. Mitec’s main
products cover Bulk Material, Graphite Electrodes,
Refractories, Rolls, Consumables, Equipment andSpares. We emphasize on product quality with good
cost saving to meet the customers’ need. We value-add
with our application knowledge and service support
with aim to enhance the recovery and productivity ofthe mills.

Mitec Project and Management Service entity
undertakes EPC contract to construct iron making andintegrated steel making plants and rolling mills. We
are specialized in the consultancy, engineering design,
steel process optimization and equipment integration
services.
In the recent years, Mitec had delivered projects
which included furnace and caster revamping,technology know-how transfer and steel making
process improvement. We introduced new steel grade
development and hot metal charging for EAF, with
aim to broaden our customer’s product range and cut
down the electricity expense significantly. Presently, we
operate management service on both steel making
plant and rolling mill.
33

of graphite electrode, thus reduces the consumption ofgraphite electrode used about 10~15% in EAF and LF.

Year 2018 shall be the remarkable year for Mitec
whereby we have delivered an EPC contract on a 40 ton
twin shells induction furnace system to Malaysia SteelWorks (KL) Bhd. (Masteel). Further, we had entered atechnical service contract with Bangkok Iron and SteelWorks Co., Ltd. (BISW) to jointly develop and produce
high carbon and high alloy steel product in Thailand.

Since April 2018, we have entered trial service
agreements with Tata Steel Group Thailand and set up
its very first electrode dipping plant located in Chonburi
Thailand. Later, in December 2018, we have received an
official letter of intent from Tata Steel Group India to
set up an electrode dipping plant in Jamshedpur, India
to provide similar service to their steel plants in various
locations. Presently, Mitec is having in-depth discussion
with many steel enterprises and we are proud to be
their near future value added partner to deliver similar
cost savings project to them in Singapore, Indonesia,
Vietnam, Philippines and Middle Eastern countries.
Mitec’s presence and growing footprint in South East
Asia and India demonstrate our long term commitment
to our investors in the region, which is one of the fastest
growing regions in the world.
From :Donahue ChongFounder & Executive Director

In a graphite electrode consumption saving
project, Mitec has incorporated a company named“Antioxidation Technology Pte Ltd” in Singapore with
objective to promote an anti-oxidation technology
originated from China. This entity is poised to be thechannel to enter collaboration and service agreementswith steel millers outside China.
Our technology relates to that micro-nano ceramic
powder in the water are filled in the porous body ofgraphite electrode. At a designated curing temperature,
it forms a micro-nano ceramic film around the grain ofgraphite electrode. It is proven to effectively improve
the high-temperature oxidation resistance and strength34

MSI WITH YOU
The Platform for Iron andSteel Industry to Build
Relationship and Networking
for Industry Sustainability

welcoming the new minister and the top management,
Majlis Ramah Mesra MITI InMITI organised a ‘Majlis Ramah Mesra & Hari Raya’ celebration
the 12th July 2018 at Dewan Perdana, MITI Tower. All& Agensi Bersama YBM on
agencies including MSI were invited to join in welcoming MITI

Minister, Y.B Darell Leiking, Deputy Minister, Y.B Dr. Ong Kian
Ming and the rest of the new top management team. There
were approximately 1,000 guests attended the event includingfrom MATRADE, MIDA, MAI, MIDF, SME Bank, SME Corp and
MPC. Apart from being served with delicious traditional Hari
Raya dishes, MITI and agencies were given the opportunity tocompete in the karaoke session.

MSI Meeting withJapan Iron andSteel Federation (JISF)
MSI received a courtesy visit from JISF on the 27th of July
2018 at MSI office. JISF representative Mr. Toru Nishizaka, Chief
Regional Officer was accompanied by Ms. Hiromi Kawata, Chiefof International Trade and Ms. Fumi Yap, Admin Executive
for SEA. Mr. Toru gave a detailed presentation to MSI on thecurrent situation of the global steel industry and updates on
the Malaysia and Japan’s Bilateral Steel Trade.

35

BMDAM 31st Annual
Golf Tournament 2018
Dinner @ KPGCC
On 27th July 2018, MSI was invited by Building
Materials
Distributors’
Association
Malaysia(MSMDA) to attend the 31st Annual Golf
Tournament 2018 Dinner at Kota Permai Golf andCountry Club. From Left: Mr Michael Thong, Senior
Manager, Masters Builders Association Malaysia, Mr.
Jarrod Lim and Mr. Bill Lee, President of BMDAM.

Grand Opening of MSMDA
New Building & 75th
Anniversary Dinner
Malaysia
Steel
and
Metal
Dealers
Association (MSMDA) celebrated its 75th
years of achievements with the launching of
their own new building in Taman Serdang
Perdana, Seri Kembangan on the 3rd August
2018. In conjunction with the opening of
new building, Y.B Dr. Ong Kian Ming, Deputy
Minister of International Trade and Industry
was invited as a guest of honour for the
MSMDA 75th Anniversary Dinner at Wisma
Huazong, Seri Kembangan, Selangor.

51st ASEAN Day
In conjunction with the 51st
Anniversary of ASEAN celebration
since its establishment in 8
August 1967, MSI was invited to
the 51st ASEAN Day that washeld on 8 August 2018 at MITI
Tower, Kuala Lumpur. The event
was officiated by MITI Minister,Y.B Darell Leiking. Some of the
programmes included - Flag
Raising
Ceremony,
Business
Forum themed “Unlocking the
Potentials of ASEAN e-commerce”
with the aimed of updating the
key stakeholders on the extensive
work to drive the e-Commerce
agenda, both in Malaysia and
ASEAN.
36

The Meet and Greet
Hi Tea @ JKR
MSI attended the Malaysian Structural
Steelwork Association (MSSA) Hi-tea Meet
& Greet @ Menara Kerja Raya on the 9thAugust 2018. The objectives of the sessions
include exchanging of views to promote theuse of Industrialised Building System (IBS) in
construction together with the collaborationof JKR and MSSA as well as developing
and publishing a list of Structural SteelContractors Fabricators.

Handover MSI
Newsletter & Plaque to
YB Dr Ong Kian Ming
On 29thOn 29th August 2018, MSI CEO handover MSI latest
Newsletter: The Steel Advocate No.1/2018 andCongratulations memento to Y.B. Dr. Ong Kian Ming
for his appointment as Deputy Minister, Ministry ofInternational Trade and Industry.

Discussion
with Akademi
Usahawan
Mikro
On 13th August 2018, MSI had adiscussion with Akademi Usahawan
Mikro (AUM) which requested
to collaborate with MSI throughprogramme “Malaysian SME Digital
Economy Reformation (MASTER)”.
The main objective of the MASTER
program is to facilitate all SMEs in
Malaysia to grow their business bysynchronising Facebook Page withcorporate website.

Datuk Khoo’s
Farewell
MSI would like to congratulate Datuk Khoo Boo Seng on his
retirement from Ministry of International Trade and Industry(MITI). On 17th August 2018, CEO MSI handed over a memento of
appreciation for his retirement. We wish Datuk Khoo all the best!

37

MISIF Engagement
Session with MITI
Top Management
Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry Federation (MISIF)
had an engagement session with MITI New Top
Management on 1st August 2018 (engagement session
with MITI Secretary General, Y. Bhg. Datuk Isham Ishak)and 2nd August 2018 (engagement session with MITI
Deputy Minister, Y.B. Dr. Ong Kian Ming). The main
objective of the session is to update key challenges
facing the industry and MISIF’s Proposed Plan of
Actions in Iron and Steel Industry to the government.

MISIF Engagement Session with MITI
Secretary General Y. Bhg. Datuk Isham Ishak(1st August 2018)

MISIF Engagement Session with MITI
Deputy Minister Y. B. Dr. Ong Kian Ming
(2nd August 2018)

Monthly
Assemblyat MIDAThe MITI and Agencies Monthly Assembly (5/2018) for September 2018 was held on 3rd
September 2018 (Monday) at Dewan Perdana MIDA, MIDA Sentral, KL Sentral. MIDA as
host for this gathering has invited MITI Citizens and Agencies to attend the MITI Monthly
Assembly and Agency No. 5/2018.

Visit to MCKIPMSI joined courtesy visit to
MCKIP led by MITI YBTM.
The top management of
MCKIP brief to delegatesonthebackground,development status andchallenges of the project.

38

Visit to
Alliance
Steel
MSI coordinated a courtesy visit
led by YBTM to Alliance Steel
Sdn. Bhd in MCKIP, there weredelegates from MITI, MIDA, CIDB,
DOSH, DOE, JTK, MPK etc. The
delegates had a plant visit andobserved the manufacturing
process
includingblast
furnaces. Among the issues
discussed were, foreign workers
and products capacity.

Visit to Kuantan PortMSI joined the visit to Kuantan Port, theport is operated by the Kuantan Port
Consortium, a joint venture between IJM
Corporation Berhad and China’s Guangxi
Beibu International Port Group (GBIPG).
One of the objectives of this strategic
new port is to support the development
of MCKIP and facilitate export oriented
industry like Alliance Steel Sdn. Bhd.

FMHMBA and MSI
courtesy visit to CIDBOn 14 September 2018,
FMHMBA and MSI hada courtesy visit to theConstruction Industry
Development
Board(CIDB). The visit was tohave a fruitful discussion
with CIDB on issues
relating to Perakuan
Pematuhan Standard(PPS).

FMHMBA courtesy visit to YBTM and
Handover of RM50,000 cheque to
Tabung Harapan Malaysia
On 14 September 2018, Federation of Malaysia Hardware, Machinery &Building Materials Dealers’ Association (FMHMBA) had a courtesy visit to
MITI Deputy Minister, YB Dr. Ong Kian Ming. FMHMBA is the umbrella bodyconsisting of 14 affiliated state associations, MHMBA represents morethan 3000 traders and merchants in hardware, machinery and building
materials across the country. About 80% of the members are Small &Medium Enterprises. FMHMBA has contribute RM 50,000.00 to Tabung
Pakatan Harapan and hand over the mock cheque during this visit.

39

CEO Meeting withMITI Minister

Majlis Anugerah
Tangan Emas Perdana
Menteri 2018
Majlis Anugerah Tangan Emas Perdana
Menteri (MATEPM) was officiated by YAB Tun
Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad at MITEC, KL on
4 October 2018 with the purpose to give out
the prize to awards winner for ASEAN Skills
Competition (ASC) 2018, Worldskills Malaysia
Pengajar (WSMP) 2018, Worldskills Malaysia
Belia (WSMB) 2018 and Tangan Emas Perdana
Menteri 2018 for WSMB & WSMP 2018

MSI would like to congratulate YB Darell Leiking on his
appointment as Minister for Ministry of International
Trade and Industry (MITI). On 18th September 2018,
CEO MSI handed over a memento of appreciation for his
appointment. We wish YB congratulation and all the best!

Handover MSI
Newsletter to
FMHMBAOn 14th September 2018, MSI CEO
handover MSI latest Newsletter: The Steel
Advocate No.1/2018 to Federation of
Malaysia Hardware, Machinery & Building
Materials Dealers’ Association (FMHMBA) in
conjunction with their courtesy visit to MITI
Deputy Minister, YB Dr. Ong Kian Ming.

FMM 25th
Anniversary
Dinner40

MSI attending The Federation of Malaysia Hardware, Machinery & Building
Materials Dealers` Association Silver Jubilee Celebration on 6 October 2018. MSI
was invited by FMHMBA to celebrate their 25th Anniversary at the Wisma Huazong,
Seri Kembangan, on the 6th of October 2018. The event was well attended by all
downstream iron and steel players.

FMM 50th
Annual Dinner
FMM celebrated their 50th
Anniversary at Sunway Pyramid
Convention Centre on the 9th ofOctober 2018. The annual dinner
event was officiated by GOHs
Prime Minister of Malaysia YAB
Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohammad
and Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah.

Hari Sukan
Negara 2018MITI & Agensi
MITI successfully organized the Hari
Sukan Negara 2018 MITI with allagencies on the 13th of October 2018.
The event was officially launched by MITI
Secretary General, Y.Bhg. Datuk Isham
Ishak. Among the activities organized
by MITI were Fun Walk, Fun Run and
Fun Climb together with fun activities
for MITI and agencies kids as well.

Opening Ceremonyof Taiwan Expo in
Malaysia 2018
On 25th October 2018, MSI was invited to theOpening Ceremony of Taiwan Expo in Malaysia
2018. Taiwan Expo 2018 was set to be held at theKuala Lumpur Convention and Exhibition Centre(KLCC) from 25th to 27th of October and featured
twelve major exhibition pavilions covering eightindustry sectors. This year marks the second
consecutive year that Taiwan Expo was here in
Malaysia and many exciting products were up
for display; showcasing the scope and depth of
Taiwanese research and development in a wide
variety of field. Amongst the key exhibits include
the world’s first collaborative robot with intelligent
visual positioning and the first ever mobile phone
3D printer.

41

Invitation to Mycron
Steel CRC Plant TourOn 30th October 2018, MSI visited
the Mycron Steel CRC in Shah Alam.
Among the topics being discussed were
including Mycron’s background, current
challenges faced by the company andtheir future direction in the iron andsteel industry.

Launching on National
Policy for Industry 4.0
On 31st October 2018,
YAB Prime Minister, Tun
Dr. Mahathir Mohamad
launched the National
Policy on Industry 4.0,
known as Industry4WRD
at the MITI Tower. The
Launching
Ceremonywasorganizedincollaboration with theFederation of Malaysian
Manufacturers(FMM)
in the spirit of publicprivate partnership. The
event
was
attendedby more than 1,000
participants
includingCabinet Ministers, Chief
Ministers, Ambassadors,
seniorGovernment
officials, industry leaders,
academicians
andmembers of the public.

Perhimpunan
Bulanan at MIDF
MSI attended industry
appreciation dinner 2018
organised by CIDB on 2
November 2018. The event
was officiated by Ministerof Works, YB. Baru Bian.
CIDB Fellowship Awards
were also announced
during the dinner.

42

Perhimpunan
Bulanan at MIDF
MITI & Agency Monthly Assembly, hosted
by MIDF GROUP was held on 1 November
2018. YBM Datuk Darell Leiking reminds
everyone to prioritize the country before
oneself especially in performing duty.

Majlis SIRIM Industri 2018

Courtesy Visit to Seng Hiap
Metal Sdn Bhd in Shah Alam
MSI made a courtesy visit to Seng Hiap Metal Sdn Bhd
in Shah Alam on 14 November 2018. Among the topics
discussed include SOPs implemented by the scrap
industry, therrent issues affecting metal scrap traders andtheir outlook for the future.

MSI attended Majlis SIRIM 2018 on 15 November at
Putrajaya, the event was launched by MITI Deputy
Minister Dr. Ong Kian Ming. The objectives of theevent are to provide recognition to companies
certified under certification scheme by SIRIM QAS,
create public awareness and engage with industry
players.

42th Annual Dinnerof Building Materials
Distributor Associationof Malaysia (BMDAM) at
SunwayMSI attended 42th Annual Dinner of Building
Materials Distributor Association of Malaysia(BMDAM) at Sunway. The dinner was graced
by Dato’ Ir Ahmad ‘Asri Abdul Hamid Chief
Executive of CIDB Malaysia and the BMDAM
website was officially launched during the event.

Briefing on The BrightWorld of Metals 2018
On 4 December 2018, MSI attended the briefingof the Bright World of Metal event of which
will be held next year at Düsseldorf, Germany
from 25-29 June 2019. This event consists of 4
different programs focusing on ferrous as well
as non-ferrous industries.

43

Malaysia Car of The
Year 2018

Majlis Networking
MITI dan Agensi
Sempena Hari NatalOn 4 December 2018, MSI attended
the briefing of the Bright World ofMetal event of which will be held
next year at Düsseldorf, Germany
from 25-29 June 2019. This event
consists of 4 different programs
focusing on ferrous as well as nonferrous industries.

Majlis Networking
Deepavali MITI &Agensi 2018

For the first time MITI organised a‘Majlis Networking MITI & Agensi
Sempena Hari Natal’ on 20
December 2018. This event waswelcomed with children fromthe Lighthouse Children Welfare
Home Association and Persatuan
Kebajikan Harapan Selesa at MITI
Tower. All MITI Top Managementand Head of Agencies were invited
to this event.

In conjunction with the Deepavalicelebration, MITI organised a ‘Majlis
Networking MITI & Agensi Sempena
Deepavali’ on the 6 December 2018
at Dewan Perdana, MITI Tower.
More than 400 staff of MITI andagencies gathered at the hall toenjoy the celebration of light while
being served delicious authentic
Indian cuisine. The luncheon was
officiated by Deputy Minister, Dr.
Ong Kian Ming.

Youth Export Day
On 8th December 2018, MATRADE
organised the Youth Export Day (YED) 2018
at Menara MATRADE in an effort to boost
youth awareness in international trade.
The event was attended by the Minister ofInternational Trade and Industry, Y. Bhg.
Datuk Darell Leiking and Youth and Sports
Minister, YB Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul
Rahman who both shared the stage tochampion the call for youth to be global
entrepreneurs.
The event featured activities such as aseries of TED-like business talks withsuccessful youth entrepreneurs, celebrity
entrepreneurs sharing session, robotic anddrone shows, e-sports activities (video games
tournament), outdoor sports, sales carnival,
fashion shows, graffiti and many more.

44

Membershipwith MMRA
Mr. Ir Lim Weng Tong of
Malaysia
Metal
Recyclers
Association (MMRA) visited MSI
for the membership drive. MSI
has extended the invitation to
MMRA to become one of the
Associate member for 2019.

The Platform for Iron and Steel Industry
to Build Relationship and Networking
for Industry Sustainability

MSI Bridging Gaps
NOSS Workshop
MSI and JPK successfully organised the NOSS
Development Workshop on Rolling Mills – Hot Rollingfrom 29 June to 1 July 2018 at Eastin Hotel Kuala
Lumpur. The three-day workshop was attended by 16
panel members from 5 organisations including fromAnn Joo Berhad, Amsteel Mills Sdn Bhd, Masteel (KL)Berhad, Steel industries (Sabah) Sdn Bhd and Southern
Steel Berhad.
NOSS is a document that outlines the dexterity (ability)
required of an employee working in Malaysia at a
certain level of employment to achieve specific skills.
It can also be used as certification program for workers
competencies. The main features of NOSS are it iscareer-based, followed the career structure of a given
field and prepared by a pool of industry experts andskilled workers who carry out the job. 4 NOSS done so
far as follows:••••

Occupational Analysis for I&S Industry (2015)
Forming (2016) – Level 1-5
Steel Melt Shop (2017) – Level 2-5
Steel Hot Rolling Mills (ongoing) – Level 2-5

Study Visit to Established
Metal Industries (EMI)MSI conducted a Study Visit to EMI on the 12th July
2018 at Serendah, Selangor for information gathering of
induction furnace study. The study team comprise of Mr.
Leon Lai and Mr. Rezuan from MSI Economic Researchand Development were greeted by EMI Managing
Director, Mr. CC Lim and both were given the briefing on
EMI’s daily operations process, the difference between
induction furnace and blast furnace factory operations
and other material issues on scrap and iron ore.
45

Meeting with QS
Instrument Sdn. Bhd.
In line with MSI’s future planningof building a research andcertification centre, MSI has invited
QS Instruments for a meeting on
13th July 2018 to discuss on the
set-up, budgeting and trainingof the centre. QS Instruments
specializes
in
distribution,
manufacturing and provisions ofchemical composition analysis.
Located at Hicom Glenmaries
Industrial Park, QS Instrument
is 100% wholly owned Malaysia
company with several major ironand steel clients such as Antara
Steel, Ann Joo and others.

Courtesy Visit
Preparation
for Iron and Steel
Industry

Meeting for NOSS
Development on
Rolling Mills - Hot
Rolling
The 1st technical meeting onStandards Evaluation (JTPS 1) was
conducted on the 18th July 2018
at Menara MITI. The meeting waschaired by MSI and attended byindustry experts and expert panels,
representatives from Department ofSkills Development (NOSS Division
and Industry Lead Body Division),
facilitators from Precious Galaxy
Sdn. Bhd. and MSI. Among topics
of discussion were the 1st draftof NOSS. JTPS endorsed all four
drafted NOSS documents during
the meeting.

On 24th July 2018, MITI, together
with MSI and other agencies
conducted a briefing session to
discuss on the Courtesy visit toseveral iron and steel factories in
Kuantan. The meeting was attended
by representatives from Alliance
Steel, East Coast Economic Region
Council (ECERDC) and Malaysian
Investment Development Authority(MIDA).

Corporate Communication
Gathering between MITI and
Agencies, First Edition
For the first time since the new appointment of MITI
top management, MITI Strategic Communication
Department Head, Mr Sabri Salleh organised a ‘Meet
and Mingle’ session with all Corporate Communication
Divisions from MITI agencies. The ‘Meet and Mingle’
cum lunch session was held on the 23rd of July 2018at Level 31, Saffron Room, MITI Tower and attended by
the Secretary General, Y. Bhg. Datuk Isham Ishak whogave a short presentation on MITI’s new direction on
media planning and strategic for MITI Minister, Y.B Darell
Leiking.

46

Malaysia Productivity
Production (MPC)
launches Productivity
Report 2017/2018
MSI was invited to witness the official launch of
MPC Productivity Report of 2017/2018 whichfeatures the national productivity performance,
productivity performance of priority subsectors,
good regulatory practice (GRP) and others. The
event was held at Bilik Seminar, MITI Tower on the
26th July 2018 and was launched by Y.B Darell
Leiking of MITI Minister, together with Tan Sri
Azman Hashim, Chairman of MPC.

MITI Pocket Talk: Benefits of
Malaysia's FTA & Method for
Applying Certificate of Origin
Pocket Talks on Preferential Certificate of Origin (PCO) were
held regularly by MITI for exporters who wish to gain more
information on the following topics:i) Overview of Malaysia’s Free Trade Agreement (FTA).
ii) Better understanding of the Rules of Origin (ROO)
Preferential Certificate of Origin (PCO)

Networking Session with
Chambers of Commerce,
Business & Industry Associations
On 13th August 2018, MSI attended
theNetworking
Sessionwith
Chambers of Commerce, Business andIndustry Associations with YB Darell
Leiking, Minister of MITI at Perdana
Hall, MITI. The objective of this session
is to establish a mutually beneficial
relationship and encourage networking
between the Chambers of Commerce,
Business and Industry Associations andthe Government.

Programme Sport Highlight :Menjangkaui Pengurusan Pengetahuan

On 16th August 2018, MITI Library organized an event with Knowledge Link Sdn Bhd to help instilling theknowledge sharing culture - Spot Highlight of the Programme: Nurturing Knowledge Management Initiativein MITI 2018. Some of the attendees for the event were from MITI, Arkib Negara, Mahkamah KL, ISTAC, IKIM,
Institut Integriti, Mahkamah Syariah, Masjid Wilayah & Agencies under MITI.

MSI and Technical Expert Meeting with
Air Unit, Department of Environment
On 16th August 2018, MSI and technical expert, En. Akhir had a meeting with
the Air Unit, Department of Environment to discuss on the environmental aspect
and impact of steel making process using the induction furnace. The meeting is
crucial for the development of MSI Induction Furnace Report.
47

Malaysia Aerospace Summit
On 14 & 15 August 2018, MSI attended the Malaysia
Aerospace Summit 2018 (MyAero’18) which showcasing
the capabilities of the local aerospace industry players
in producing world class aerospace products andhighlighting the Aerospace Industry 4.0 initiatives. The
event was organised by the National Aerospace Industry
Coordinating Office (NAICO), Ministry of International
Trade and Industry (MITI) in collaboration with SME Corp
Malaysia, Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) and Aerospace
Malaysia Innovation Centre (AMIC).

Meeting Scrap Suppliers
From MSMDA
MSI has initiated a meeting with Malaysia Metal Recyclers
Association (MMRA) on 18 September 2018 to understandincrease export of scrap metal from Malaysia. It was understandthat price, payment term and type of scrap needed by steel
millers are among the main concerns. After all MMRA agreed
local supply chain development is crucial for Malaysia Iron andSteel industry. MSI will continue to engage with MMRA.

13th MISIF Steel Industry Conference
and 2018 MISIF Annual Dinner

Every two years, Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry Federation (MISIF)
holds a conference on the steel industry with the view to update all
stakeholders on the outlook and developments in the steel industry.
This year, MISIF is organizing the 13th MISIF Conference on Status andOutlook of the Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry and MISIF 2018 Steel
Industry Annual Dinner on 27 September 2018 at the Dorsett Grand
Subang Hotel, Subang Jaya, Selangor. This one-day event focused on
the performance, near term outlook and way forward for the domesticiron and steel industry, developments and future of the global steel
trade, industry reforms in China and the application of Industry 4.0 in
the context of the Malaysian steel industry.
48

3rd Steering
Committee Meetingfor study Operation
Safety of Induction
Furnace For Steel
Making in Malaysia
On 12th October 2018, the 3rd Steering
Committee Meeting for study Operation
Safety of Induction Furnace for Steel Making
in Malaysia was held and chaired by TKSU(I), Datin K. Talagavathi.

Pro-Tem Meeting on White
Paper for Iron and Steel
Industry under IMP4
On 1 November 2018, a Pro-Tem Meeting on White Paper for
Iron and Steel Industry under IMP4 was held to initiate theWhite Paper, a private sector driven policy “From the Industry,
For the Industry” to build the roadmap for a sustainable iron &steel industry - for MITI’s consideration and will act as inputs
to IMP4. Y. Bhg. Datuk Isham Ishak, the Secretary General of
MITI announced on the appointment of Y. Bhg. Tan Sri Albert
Cheng Yong Kim as the White Paper Committee Chairman. Tan
Sri Albert was officially appointed by Y.B Datuk Ignatius Darell
Leiking, MITI Minister and accepted by the all council members.

Tabling of Budget
2019 in Dewan
Perdana, MTI
Tabling of Budget 2019 in Dewan
Perdana, MITI. The aim of this event is
to discuss and deliberate on the key
points tabled during the budget session,
especially points related to MITI.

Sesi Stakeholder Bil.2/2018
bagi Kajian Termal Di Bawah
Akta Kecekapan dan Konservasi
Tenaga (Energy Efficiency And
Conservation Act - EECA)
MSI attended stakeholder session on Energy Efficiency andConservation Act (EECA) in Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya on 26
November 2018. This workshop discussed on energy use
intensity for specific industrial sectors, data required for theactivity, and relevant frameworks to be used.
49

In-Country Capacity Building
Workshop on Full Cumulation
for AANZFTA Rules of Origin
The one-day regional “In-Country Capacity Building Workshop
on Full Cumulation for AANZFTA Rules of Origin” was held in
JW Marriot, Kuala Lumpur on 13 December 2018. More than
50 participants took part in the workshop. Similar workshops
have been and will be conducted through ASEAN.
The participants included government personnel (among
others: MITI, MATRADE, MIDA, SMECORP, Customs,
Department of Agriculture and Ministry of Health) handlingtrade matters especially related to AANZ FTA. Participantsfrom Singapore also attended the workshop. The workshop
is fully funded under the Economic Cooperation Support
Program of the AANZFTA. Singapore participants were
however funded by the Singapore Government.
This topic on full cumulation for the AANZ FTA rules of origin,
one of the “Built-in” agenda under the AANZ FTA, aims tointroduce the concept of full cumulation that is supposed tofurther facilitate trade between the ten (10) ASEAN countries,
Australia and New Zealand.
The outcome of the workshops, held regionally in ASEAN, will
be compiled to as input for discussion and if agreeable a pilot
project to be conducted to on the feasibility for adoption.

Meeting on White Paper
for Iron & Steel Industry
To build the roadmap for a sustainable iron & steel industry,a series of White Paper Meeting has been continued in 3
and 7 December 2018. Each of steel association has been
given opportunity to present their proposal during thesemeetings. These meetings was attended by most of steel
related association such as MISIF, MSA, FMM, SWAM, MSMDA,
FMHMBA, BMDAM, MBAM, FOMFEIA and MEIF. Representativefrom MITI and other government agencies such as MARii
and MIDA were also attended to give their input for the
preparation of White Paper for Iron and Steel Industry.

50

Discussion on White
Paper Workshop
January 2019
After a series of White Paper Meeting in
2019, the Chairman of White Paper Meeting,
Y. Bhg. Tan Sri Albert Cheng proposed tohave a series of workshop on January 2019
for all association to get-together in tabling
their input for the way forward of Iron &Steel Industry. 6 workshop has been plannedfor 2019 based on product category. On 12
December 2018, a discussion has been madebetween MSI and Mr. Nicholas Ng from LionGroup to detail out the 6 series of workshop.

MSI TrU
MSI’s Program of Developing Human
Capital for the Iron & Steel Industry
Yew Lean Foundry @ Prai (ISO Training)
On 17th July 2018, MSI conducted a customised
ISO 9001:2015 requirements training to Yew
Lean Foundry Co. Sdn Bhd. in Perai, Penang.
The training is to prepare Yew Lean for thecertification upgradation to ISO 9001:2018
by SIRIM QAS by the end of July 2018. Yew
Lean Foundry is one of the ductile iron pipe
manufacturers in Malaysia. In total, the training
was attended by 13 participants from various
departments. Apart from the training, MSI
presented the Promotion of Pengiktirafan
Pencapaian Terdahulu (PPT) Programme.

Mesyuarat
Penyelarasan ILB

Training Course on
Introduction
NOSS Development
to Steelmaking
Workshop on COCUNOSS Development on COCU
has been successfully held on 3-5
August 2018 at Eastin Hotel KL,
whereby the knowledge and skill,tools, equipment and materials(TEM) and training duration havebeen incorporated in COCU which
can be used for skill training
purposes later.

MSI
attended
Mesyuarat
Penyelarasan Industry Led Body
(ILB) on 8 August 2018 to update theprogress of National Occupational
Skill Standards (NOSS) hot steel
rolling mill development, promotionof Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia(SKM)
andPentauliahan
Pencapaian
Terdahulu (PPT) Certification.

Training Course on “Introduction
to Steelmaking” was held on 1314 August 2018 at Dorsett Grand
Subang, Subang Jaya, Selangor.
This course will be an introductory
journey for those with non-technicalbackgroundinmetallurgicalengineering. Knowledge of theSteelmaking Process is essential toemployees working in producing,supplying and designing iron andsteel products.
51

PPT Promotion @ Penang
MSI conduct courtesy visit and promote Sijil
Kemahiran Malaysia (SKM) to Kamen Steel
Industries Sdn. Bhd. in PERAI Penang. The
management team of Kamen Steel led by Mr Ng
shown great interest on the Sistem Latihan DualNational (SLDN) and Pengiktirafan Pencapaian
Terdahulu (PPT) programmes.

JTPS 2 meeting for NOSS
Development on Rolling Mills Hot Rolling
The documents for NOSS on
COCU has been endorsed by
The Technical CommitteesonStandards
Evaluation(JTPS2) on 29 August 2018.
The documents will be tabled
for approval by the TechnicalCommittees on Standards on
27 September 2018.

SESI FAMILIARISASI DANPEMBANGUNANKAPASITIMYPORTFOLIO:PANDUANKERJA SEKTOR AWAM
The 2-days Workshop is to provide a more comprehensive
explanation on the implementation of the Public
Administration Development Circular (PKPA) No. 4 Year2018 myPortfolio: Public Sector Working Guide at Ministry/ SUK / Agency / Department level. Background of the
myPortfolio are as follows:•Replacing PKPA 8/1991: Guideline on Working Procedures
Manual (MPK) and File Tables (FM), and PKPA 11/1991:
Guidance on Procedures for Using Forms of Action (BTK).
•Guideline in preparing official reference documents thatserves as a manual for a position in an organization.
•Documenting information on the creation of a post andguidance on the job of the post.

PPT Promotion incollaboration with The
Perak Foundry andEngineering Industries
Association
8 September 2018, MSI and JPK conductedawareness briefing on Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia(SKM) to committee members and members of
The Perak Foundry and Engineering Industries
Association (PFEIA). The participants wereinterested on scheme Pengiktirafan Pencapaian
Terdahulu (PPT).

52

Discussion on River of Life Public Outreach Programme
Phase 5: The Request of Collaboration for CLEAN Training
River of Life (ROL) Public Outreach Programme (POP) phase 5 iscommissioned by Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Malaysia (DID)
and Global Environment Centre (GEC) is appointed as consultant for thisprogramme. The main aim of the River of Life project is to transform the
Gombak River and Klang River areas to achieve high economic value by
the year 2020 with environmental values upgraded as well. On the other
hand, Public Outreach Programme (POP) River of Life Phase 5 is one
among the key initiatives to improve Klang river water quality from Class
IV to Class IIB through education and involvement of key target groups
such as local communities, education institutions, food establishments,
wet market, industries, corporations and developers. For this purpose,
Global Environment Centre have a briefing and discussion with Malaysia
Steel Institute regarding the possible collaboration, including inviting
members of Malaysia Steel Institute in Kuala Lumpur into this training.

Train the Trainers
The Train the Trainer Programme (TTTP), which targets more towards adultlearning, aims to train the participants to be a competent trainer to provide
structured training to any target groups on special topics of interest. The
TTTP itself involves short lectures, group discussions, presentations, roleplays and skill practice. At the end of the programme and if successful, theparticipant is awarded HRDF Certificate that will allow for the conduct oftraining programmes for the private sector. The fees paid to attend training
under a HRDF trainer is claimable under the HRDF.
Mr. Subash of MSI attended the course from 24 – 28 September 2018
and successfully completed the training. MSI also has Mr. Lai Leong Chon
who is a qualified HRDF certified trainer under this programme. Industry
interested in specialised topics can request MSI to conduct courses which
are HRDF claimable, and contact Mr. Lai Leong Chon at 012-6692491 oremail at leon@malaysiasteelinstitute.com.

Seminar Promotion Sijil
Kemahiran Malaysia (SKM)
at SIRIM Rasa
MSI and Jabatan Pembangunan Kemahiran (JPK) conducted
Seminar Promotion Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia (SKM) at SIRIM Rasa
on 23rd October 2018 and the seminar attracted participants fromSIRIM and iron and steel industry. Many of them showed interest incertification through method Pentauliahan Pencapaian Terdahulu(PPT) and register in Direktori Pakar Industry Negara (DPIN).

Seminar Promotion
Sijil Kemahiran
Malaysia (SKM) at EMI
On 22nd October 2018, MSI together
with officers from Jabatan Pembangunan
Kemahiran (JPK) conducted a Seminar
Promotion Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia (SKM)
to employees of Established Metal Industry
Sdn Bhd. Many of them show intereston the certification through method
Pentauliahan Pencapaian Terdahulu (PPT).
53

Courtesy Visit to
SIRIM STS Sdn.
Bhd by Malaysia
Steel Institute(MSI)

Seminar
Promotion Sijil
Kemahiran
Malaysia (SKM)
at Mycron SteelOn 25th October 2018, MSI
together with officers from Jabatan
Pembangunan Kemahiran (JPK)
conducted Seminar Promotion
Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia (SKM)
to employees of Mycron Steel
Berhad. Many of them showinterest on the certification throughmethod Pentauliahan Pencapaian
Terdahulu (PPT).

Meeting with
Griffin Solutions
On 7th November 2018, MSI
meeting with Griffin Solution PLT,a well-established soft skill andtechnical skill training provider.
They have understand the role of
MSI and interested to support MSI
in Human Capital Development
programme.

On 29th November 2018, MSI paid acourtesy visit to SIRIM STS Sd. Bhd to
discuss the possibility to collaborate
with SIRIM STS in offering training
courses and conduct researchstudies related to Malaysia Iron &Steel Industry. The meeting wasattended by senior Management of
SIRIM STS led by Managing Directorof SIRIM STS Dr. Norlinda

Trade Remedy Training
Two-Day In-house Awareness Training on WTO Trade
Remedies at CSC Steel Sdn. Bhd. Malacca was held on
13-14 November 2018 and participated by 30 staff from
CSC Steel Sdn. Bhd. The participants were introduced
to WTO Anti-Dumping, Countervailing (Anti-Subsidy)
and Safeguards Agreements and the importance of
this company-wide knowledge and including latest
Trump--US-China Trade War. The participants took ashort test and were awarded certificate of attendance.
The cost of the training is HRDF claimable. Others
interested in holding in-house training on this topic orother topics on international trade can contact MSI for
tailor made trainings.

Briefing ISO 9001:2015
Quality Management
System
MSI conducted briefing on Quality Management
System ISO 9001:2015 and Safety Management System
ISO 45001:2015 to senior management of Established
Metal Industry Sdn Bhd, the company is interested tokick start their ISO 9001:2015 certification process inyear 2019.

54

OTHERSCEO’s Birthday
Celebration

Mr. Jarrod Lim, CEO of Malaysia
Steel Institute celebrated hisbirthday on the Christmas
Eve of 2018. MSI would liketo take this opportunity towish our boss – Many Years ofGood Health, Prosperity andHappiness. Happy Birthday
Boss and May All Your Wishes
Come True.

55

MSI

List of Events andActivities 2019

1

China Iron Ore 2019
Date: 26 – 27 February 2019
Venue: JW Marriott Hotel Beijing, China
Contact: marketing@metalbulletin.com

International Construction Week (ICW)2

Date: 18-22 March, 2019
Venue: MITEC, Malaysia
Contact: Haji Norman Zainal Abidin (norman.zainal@ubm.com)
Tel: 603 2176 8788

3

Mechanical &Engineering (M&E)
Date: 19-21 March, 2019
Venue: MITEC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Contact: aseanmne@ubm.com

EcoBuild SEA

419-21 March, 2019
Venue: MITEC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Contact: Haji Norman Zainal Abidin (norman.zainal@ubm.com)
Tel: 603 2176 8788

56

Date: 14 March, 2019
Venue: EIEC, Cairo, Egypt
Contact: marketing@arabiangerman.com

Four Seasons Hotel Cairo at Nile Plaza
Date: 16 - 17 April 2019
Venue: Cairo, Egypt
Contact: UK +44 (0) 20 7779 7222

7
56

Egypt’s Steel Day 2019

Metallurgy for the
Non-Metallurgist
Date: 6 – 7 May 2019
Venue: Montreal Quebec Canada
Contact: (613) 830-1760 (Eduinsight@iaemm.com)

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