★★★ ＜第１７回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第８回英文和訳】＞ ★★★

≪１級課題 -機械工学-≫【解答にあたっての注意】
１．問題の指示により和訳してください。
２．課題文に段落番号がある場合、これを訳文に記載してください。
３．課題は３題あります。それぞれの課題の指示に従い、３題すべて解答してください。

問１．次のクレーム（claims）の***START***から***END***の範囲を日本語に訳して下さい。この和訳は、パリルートの日本国特許出願に使用されます。この際、クレームの原文の問題点の少なくとも一つをコメントで指摘するとともに、適切に対処して下さい。
なお、翻訳にあたっては、明細書の記載（抜粋）と図面を参考にして下さい。

***START***

1. A drain on-off valve for draining liquid from a plumbing system, for example
a central heating system, the drain on-off valve comprising:a valve body having an internal bore extending between an inlet end configured,in use, to be connected to a pipe of a plumbing system, and an outlet portion
suitable for connection to a drainage hose;a rotatable shut-off valve arranged within the internal bore between the inlet
end and the outlet portion to permit opening and closing of the drain on-offvalve;a plurality of resilient seals in the internal bore; andan annular retaining member, wherein the rotatable shut-off valve is retained
between the plurality of resilient seals, and the annular retaining memberretains the rotatable shut-off valve in a predetermined position.

2. The drain on-off valve according to claim 1, wherein the annular retaining
member has an internal bore that is narrower than the internal bore housing
the rotatable valve and the plurality of resilient seals.

***END***

明細書の記載（抜粋）DRAIN OFF VALVE & METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to theaccompanying drawings, in which: Figure 2a is a side-sectional view of a valve
component in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 2b is
a side perspective view of the valve component shown in Figure 2a.
Referring to Figure 2, a drain off valve component 1 according to afirst embodiment comprises an elbow-type valve having a first portion 2 and asecond, drainage portion 3 which extends away from the central axis of thefirst portion by an angle a of approximately 60 degrees. Both portions 2, 3
are formed of a single piece of material having an internal bore 4. Connectedto the first portion 2 is a cylindrical valve body that has an internal boreof greater diameter than that of the first portion. Within this bore islocated a rotatable ball-type valve comprising a substantially spherical ball7 held between a pair of resilient 0-ring seals 8. The ball has a cylindricalbore 9 passing through it to enable liquid to pass from one side to the other.
The ball 7 is arranged to be rotated between open and shut positions, asindicated by arrow 10, by means of a pair of stems, or spigots, 11 (see Figure2(b)) which extend opposite one another, orthogonal to main axis of the innerbore. Each stem 11 is connected to the ball 7 and passes through a respective

threaded hole formed in the sidewall of the valve body 5. The external end 12of each stem 11 comprises a recess to enable either or both of an allen key orscrewdriver tool to engage and turn the stem 11 about its central orthogonalaxis.
As will be appreciated from the above, turning one of the stems 11 will cause
the ball 7 to rotate between a closed position, where the bore 9 isperpendicular to the main bore 4, and an open position, where the bore
communicates with the main bore. The configuration shown in Figure 2(a) is in
the open position. Although two stems 11 are shown in this embodiment, only
one is necessary. Having two stems 11 enables easier access if the component
1 is located in a hard-to-reach place or is placed close to a wall.
The ball valve 7 and the adjacent 0-rings 8 are supported in position by aconnector shaft 13 which is attached to the open end of the valve body 5. A
larger, concentric bore is formed in said open end, providing a step 14 into
which is mated a corresponding collar portion 14' of the connector pipe 13.
The internal diameter of collar portion 14' is narrower than that of the valve
body 5 to ensure the ball valve 7 and 0-rings are retained in a predetermined
position. At its other end, the bore of the connector shaft 13 has a wider
diameter to allow an external pipe to be located therewithin and fixed, e.g.
by soldering. Subsequent embodiments provide alternative types of connector
shaft 13 for different fitting configurations.
In use, the drain off valve component 1 is fitted to a pipe of a plumbing
system and the ball valve 7 is normally in the closed position. In the eventthat a plumber or heating engineer needs to drain or flush the plumbing system,or part thereof, e.g. a water tank, the plumber or heating engineer turns oneof the stems 11 in the appropriate direction to open the valve (Figure 2 (a)position) . This causes liquid to pass from the external pipe, through theball valve 7 and the internal bore 4 of the first and second portions fordrainage out of the drainage outlet. The outer, distal end of the secondportion 3 includes a standard hose connector 3' to allow a flexible hose to beused.

問２．次の従来技術の問題に関する記述を日本語に訳して下さい。英文の細かい表現にとらわれず、すべての工程と問題点を正確に訳出するように気をつけて下さい。

[0002] The desirability to reduce the dependence of jewelry manufacturers on
the high-priced labor of skilled gem-setters has long been recognized. One
known method utilizes a lost wax process for manufacturing jewelry by forming
a rubber mold in which a wax model is cast to accommodate the gem andpositioning the latter in the rubber mold prior to closing the mold andinjecting the wax. The wax model bearing the gem set therein is thereafter
removed from the rubber mold and a casting mold of plaster or the like isformed as an investment thereupon, so that, after replacement of the wax by
precious metal by the lost wax procedure, the cast article is removed fromthe casting mold with the gem preset in the metal, thereby eliminating thestep of setting the gem in cast metal.
[0003] In attempting to achieve the result of eliminating the need for askilled gem-setter to complete the manufacture of an article of jewelry,conventional methods have been found to be inadequate with regard to themanner the gem is set in the wax model.
[0004] Specifically, the step of positioning the gem in an open rubber moldand then closing the mold with a high degree of care, so as not to displace
the gem prior to injecting the wax, has been found not only to be relatively
time consuming, but also unreliable. Such complications contribute to what isgenerally regarded as an unacceptable efficiency rate at this stage of themanufacturing process.

問３．次の実施例の抜粋を日本語に訳して下さい。

[0018] A gearing arrangement 52 includes a hydro-mechanical transmission 54, amechanical transmission 56, and a differential 72. The mechanical transmission
56 is operably coupled to a low-pressure spool 36 to receive input rotational
speed of an engine 10. The differential 72 is operably interposed between themechanical transmission 56 and a generator 50.
[0019] The mechanical transmission 56 receives a rotational input via a bevel
gear 74 reflecting the rotational speed of the low-pressure spool 36. The
bevel gear 74 is directly coupled to a carrier shaft 76 which transmits therotation to the first differential gear arrangement 68, configured as a
two-speed planetary gear arrangement.
[0020] The mechanical transmission 56 is selectively adjusted between at least
first and second positions. In the first position, which is indicative of a 1stgear, the mechanical transmission 56 operates such that the input rotational
speed of the carrier shaft 76 is transmitted through the first differential
gear arrangement 68 and output to the differential carrier shaft 70 at twice
the rotational speed of the low-pressure spool 36. By contrast, in the secondposition, which is indicative of a 2nd gear, the mechanical transmission 56
operates such that the input rotational speed of the carrier shaft 76 istransmitted through the first differential gear arrangement 68 and output tothe differential carrier shaft 70 at the same rotational speed of thelow-pressure spool 36.