様式２

平成２９年度 生体医歯工学共同研究実施報告書

受理年月日
受理番号2021

平成 30 年 3 月 15 日
生体医歯工学共同研究拠点 研究所長会議 議長 殿共同研究代表者
所属機関
State University of New York at Fredonia
職
名 Professor
氏
名 Reneta Barneva
印
勤務先所在地 〒14063
280 Central Ave., Fredonia, NY, 14063, USA
電話番号 +1-716-673-4750
ＦＡＸ番号 +1-716-673-3506
E-mailアドレス : Reneta.Barneva@fredonia.edu
下 記 に よ り 、 共 同 研 究 の 実 施 報 告 を 致 し ま す。
記（和）医療及び生物医学用途イメージングデバイスと光符号研

究題目（英）Imaging devices and optical codes for medical and biomedical applications

研

究領域

研

究期間１．生体材料に関する基礎・応用研究
２．生体工学に関する基礎・応用研究
３．生体機能分子に関する基礎・応用研究
４．化学・電気・機械・材料工学の生体応用研究

平成 29 年 4 月 17 日 ～ 平成 30 年 3 月31 日

研究組織
氏

名Reneta P. Barneva
Lisa Walters
Valentin E. Brimkov
Daniel D. Cunningham

所属機関・部局等
School of Business, State University of New
York at Fredonia, USA
School of Business, State University of New
York at Fredonia, USA
Mathematics Department, Buffalo State
College, State University of New York, USA
Mathematics Department, Buffalo State
College, State University of New York, USA

Antoine Deza

Department of Computing and Software,
Faculty of Engineering, McMaster University,Hamilton, Canada

José Ramón Dorronsoro

TelecommunicationsandComputing
Department, Escuela Politécnica Superior,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and職

名

役割分担

Professor

LeaderProfessor

Participant

Professor

Participant

Professor

Participant

Professor andCanada Chair inCombinatorial
Optimization
Professor andSeniorResearcher

ParticipantParticipantRemy Malgouyres
Michael Vynnycky
Kostadin Koroutchev

Alberto Suarez

Akira Takahashi
Boris Brimkov
Kamen Kanev
Vygantas Mizeikis

Instituto de Ingeniería del Conocimiento of theUAM, Spain
IUT Department of Informatics, Universite
d'Auvergne (Clermont 1), FranceKTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
Departamento de Ingenieria Informatica,
Escuela Politecnica Superior, Universidad
Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
Departamento de Ingenieria Informatica,
Escuela Politecnica Superior, Universidad
Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
Graduate School of Integrated Science andTechnology, Shizuoka University, Japan
Department of Computational and Applied
Mathematics, Rice University, USA
Graduate School of Integrated Science andTechnology, Shizuoka University, Japan
Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka
University, Japan

Professor

Participant

Professor

Participant

Associate
Professor

Participant

Associate
Professor

Participant

Associate
Professor
Graduate
Student

ParticipantParticipant

Professor

Participant

Professor

Participant（共同研究をした教員名を記載）

生体医歯工学共同研究拠点内対応教員

Vygantas Mizeikis, Professor
Research Institute of Electronics,
Shizuoka University, Japan

研究成果
The team worked in the following directions of the project:
1. Task: "To investigate ways to assess risk in biomedical organizations to ensure proper distribution ofresources for risk prevention and to guarantee safe functioning. Our goal will be to identify the processes,
which may lead to serious potential problems and direct resources to prevent them."
Results: We analyzed the data generated by a medical practice and proposed a data-driven decision making
process within the framework of Six Sigma Quality, known as DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze,Improve, and Control) to diagnose and improve the inventory management process. To identify the issues
and improve the performance, data mining approach was used. Further, the scope of the problem was
identified using Critical-to-Quality trees, Supply-Input- Process-Output-Customer (SIPOC) diagramming,and prioritizing the focus on the problem using a prioritization matrix. The approach led to setting specificgoals for the improvement and devising a plan [1]. The method could be applied to a broad range of
medical practices.
2. Task: "Developing the theoretical background for imaging devices, and more specifically the efficiency –both time- and space-efficiency – of the algorithms. In most cases the data is structured in graph form andthis is why our efforts are focused in this direction."
Results: An injective coloring of a graph is an assignment of colors to the vertices of the graph so that any
two vertices with a common neighbor have distinct colors. Injective colorings have applications in thetheory of error-correcting codes and are closely related to other notions of colorability. We have shown thatsubcubic planar graphs with girth at least 6 are injectively 5-choosable. This strengthens previous resultsthat subcubic planar graphs with girth at least 7 are injectively 5-colorable. It also improves several otherresults in particular cases [2]. We also investigated various algebraic and graph theoretic properties of thedistance matrix of a graph. Two graphs are D-cospectral if their distance matrices have the same spectrum.
We construct infinite pairs of D-cospectral graphs with different diameter and different Wiener index. Agraph is k-transmission-regular if its distance matrix has constant row sum equal to k. We established tightupper and lower bounds for the row sum of a k-transmission-regular graph in terms of the number ofvertices of the graph. Finally, we determined the Wiener index and its complexity for linear k-trees, andobtained a closed form for the Wiener index of block-clique graphs in terms of the Laplacian eigenvalues ofthe graph. The latter leads to a generalization of a result for trees which was proved independently byMohar and Merris [3].
3. Task: "A good model for autonomous devices, such as robots, is moving in a geometric network ofstraight-lines, which can represent, for example corridors in a hospital. We may assume that the geometricnetwork is further extended by adding special facilities called controllers that are placed at certain
locations. We assume that the moving objects are equipped with direct-access pattern interface imaging
devices that provide dynamic environment-oriented information and/or static feature-related information.
The goal is to develop algorithms for the movement of the autonomous robots."
Results: We worked on the model described above and furthered our results deriving sharp upper and lower
bounds on the number of intersections and closed regions that can occur in a set of line segments whoseunderlying planar graph is a cactus graph. These bounds can be used to evaluate the complexity of certain
algorithms for problems defined on sets of segments in terms of the cardinality of the segment sets. In
particular, we give an application in the problem of finding a path between two points in a set of segments
which travels through a minimum number of segments [4].
4. Task: "Medicine is usually studied through hands-on activities and collaborative work. Thus, we examine
imaging devices suitable for collaborative work and investigated their educational capacity and suitability
for augmented learning."
Results: We worked on a system that would stimulate collaboration among students through effecting
grouping. Effective group organization is critical for the success of such collaborative learning, althoughmany instructors would make arbitrary decisions about student grouping. This is mainly due to the lack ofin-depth studies analyzing group setup in face-to face settings and providing recommendations andpractical guidelines for group assignment and management. To address this problem, we conducted a seriesof experiments exploring the dynamic formation of collaborative groups among foreign language students
at different proficiency levels. On the basis of the obtained results and the identified limitations of thecurrent methods, we propose a novel technology-enhanced approach for optimized group setup andeffective management. This approach provides a scaffold for integrating Tangible Technology Enhanced
Learning and Computer Supported Collaborative Learning into an instructional system with advancedinteraction capabilities for augmented learning and enhanced instructor support for dynamic groupmanagement [5].
Meetings/Presentations
1.

Research Advancements in Imaging and Optical Encoding (K.Kanev, 2018.02.21, RIE 204)
Research equipment available in the labs of Prof.Mizeikis (laser systemsfor surface and volumetric marking and digital encoding of transparent
使用した設備・資料・試料等materials) and Prof.Kanev (computing systems, interactive tabletops,and specialized optical readers for code extraction and analysis)
本研究成果に関連する論文発表状況
1. Walters, L., R.P. Barneva, Drilling the data: Students use Six Sigma DMAIC to improve dental practiceinventory management. The BRC Academy Journal of Education 7(1), 2017, pp. 57–74
2. Brimkov, B., J. Edmond, R. Lazar, B. Lidicky, K. Messerschmidt, S. Walker, Injective choosability ofsubcubic planar graphs with girth 6. Discrete Mathematics 340: 2538-2549 (2017).
3. Abiad, A., B. Brimkov, A. Erey, L. Leshock, X. Martinez-Rivera, S. O, S.-Y. Song, J. Williford, On theWiener index, distance cospectrality and transmission-regular graphs. Discrete Applied Mathematics(2017).
4. Brimkov, B., On Sets of Line Segments Featuring a Cactus Structure. IWCIA 2017: 30-39.
5. Barneva, R.P., F. Gelsomini, K. Kanev, P. Bottoni, Tangible technology enhanced learning forimprovement of student collaboration, Journal of Educational Technology Systems, Sage, Vol. 46(3),March 2018, pp. 284-302.

次年度の共同研究継続の有無

有・無

拠点内対応教員とご相談の上ご記入ください。
継続の場合には次年度の研究計画をご記入願います。

次年度の研究計画（継続の場合）
1.

2.

3.

4.

Cluster Pattern Interface (CLUSPI®) technology is a patented point-and-click technology based on opticalcodes, co-invented by one of the project participants [1]. It uses an almost invisible layer of optical code, adigital camera, and software for analyzing snapshots of the surface, detecting the code, decoding it, andperforming various actions depending on the code. They could be determining the location the camera ispointed at, or changing the direction of an autonomous device, or displaying information, or performing
another action. The code consists of cluster patterns and is specifically designed to be unobtrusive and still toprovide a robust and reliable decoding and recognition. The digitally encoded layers become an integral partof the printed document and can be processed and printed along with the standard document content whilestaying practically indistinguishable to the human eye. They may be printed on paper, or on much larger
surfaces, such as floors, ceilings, walls, or billboards, for example for the purpose of autonomous moving
devices. In this case, the length of the code and the possible combinations becomes long and may not beprocessed in real time. Therefore, an important direction of research is improving the direct-access patterninterface imaging devices and point-and-click technology CLUSPI and their use in applications in medical
and biomedical fields as well as in some related areas.
The theoretical models and the complexity of the respective algorithms play an important role in problem
solving. Of particular importance is to develop space-efficient algorithms as the imaging devices have limited
memory. We see, therefore, as another direction of possible research developing space-efficient algorithms invarious space models – constant, logarithmic, linear or O(n log n). In particular, this is important when thecode’s length is large and it needs real-time processing performed at limited space. One of the mostwidely-used mathematical data structures with simple concept is the graph. Algorithms on graphs could beused in coding, machine vision, transportation, autonomous driving, robotics, and others. There exist
numerous algorithms on graphs, but little attention is paid to space-efficiency. Our goal is to find a goodtrade-off between time and space and develop efficient algorithms for some of the above listed models. We
have already obtained several results [2,3,4,5], and will plan to continue in this direction.
We will continue exploring scientific approaches for the smooth functioning of medical and biomedicalorganization. In particular, our objective will be to timely identify processes with the potential of seriously
disturbing the work of the organization and direct the resources towards such processes. An extra target will
be optimizing the overall performance and minimizing the expenses. The approaches are based on the usageof point-and-click functionality and optical codes for the deviation processes. The results may be applied for
optimization of the work in a wide range of organizations. We have already obtained some results [6,7,8],
which we plan to further.
The applications of imaging devices in medicine and especially in education can be very beneficial. In
previous works we considered student collaborative study from a nontraditional perspective [9,10]. We
developed an interactive visually-enhanced educational environment and conducted experiments with it tostimulate student learning. In one of our setups, the traditional blackboard or table was replaced by a digitallyenabled interactive surface such as a smart board or a tabletop computer. The information displayed on thedigital surface can be further enhanced with augmented reality views through mobile apps on student
smartphones. We also strengthened the instructional process through elements of game mechanics andoutlined an experimental implementation. The proposed technological and pedagogical methods were applied
to human anatomy training. We plan to continue working on enhanced learning through collaboration,
involving imaging devices, computer graphics methods, virtual reality techniques, and data analytics.

References:1.

K. Kanev, Kimura, S., Digital Information Carrier, JP, Patent No 3635374.

2.

B. Brimkov, A note on the clique number of complete k-partite graphs. CoRR abs/1507.01613 (2015).

3.

B. Brimkov, R. Davila. Characterizations of the Connected Forcing Number of a Graph. CoRR
abs/1604.00740, 2016.

4.

D. Amos, J. Asplund, B. Brimkov, R. Davila. The sub-k-domination number of a graph with applications tok-domination. CoRR abs/1611.02379, 2016.

5.

B. Brimkov, J. Edmond, R. Lazar, B. Lidicky, K. Messerschmidt, S. Walker, Injective choosability ofsubcubic planar graphs with girth 6. Discrete Mathematics 340: 2538-2549 (2017).

6.

L. Walters, R.P. Barneva, Prioritization of Process Improvement Using Risk Evaluation in the Manufacturingof Biologics, Quality Management Journal, American Society for Quality, 2017 (to appear)

7.

L. Walters, R.P. Barneva, Data Analytics for Risk Evaluation in a Biomedical Organization, reported at theInternational Conference Human and Computers, December 2015, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan.
8. L. Walters, R.P. Barneva, Drilling the data: Students use Six Sigma DMAIC to improve dental practiceinventory management. The BRC Academy Journal of Education 7(1), 2017, pp. 57–74
9. R.P. Barneva, K. Kanev, B. Kapralos, M. Jenkin, B. Brimkov, Integrating technology-enhanced collaborative
surfaces and gamification for the next generation classroom, Journal of Educational Technology Systems,Sage, Vol. 45(3), March 2017, 309–325.
10. R.P. Barneva, F. Gelsomini, K. Kanev, P. Bottoni, Tangible technology enhanced learning for improvement ofstudent collaboration, Journal of Educational Technology Systems, Sage, Vol. 46(3), March 2018, pp.
284-302.