IJSM, Volume 11, Number 1, 2011

ISSN: 1555-2411
ABSTRACTS

1. INTERNET STRATEGY AND THE ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES
OF ELECTRONICS COMMERCE BUSINESSES IN THAILAND
Phapruke Ussahawanitchakit, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Phaithun Intakhan, Lampang Rajabhat University, Thailand
ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to examine the antecedents and consequence of internet strategy(information richness strategy, relational exchange strategy and joint-learning strategy) of electronics
commerce (E-Commerce) businesses in Thailand via a moderator of environmental dynamism. Here, theantecedents consist of knowledge acquisition and technology acceptance, and the consequence iscompetitive advantage. 399 E-Commerce businesses in Thailand are samples of the study. The results
show that knowledge acquisition has a significant positive influence on relational exchange strategy andjoint-learning strategy, and technology acceptance has an important positive impact on informationrichness strategy and relational exchange strategy. Also, information richness strategy, relational
exchange strategy and joint-learning strategy have a potential positive relationship with competitive
advantage. For the moderating effect, environmental dynamism negatively moderates the knowledge
acquisition- relational exchange strategy relationships and the technology acceptance-relational
exchange strategy relationships. Giving potential discussion is efficiently implemented in the study.
Theoretical and managerial contributions are explicitly provided. Conclusion and suggestions anddirections of the future research are included.
Keywords: E-Commerce, Knowledge Acquisition, Technology Acceptance, Internet Strategy, Information
Richness Strategy, Relational Exchange Strategy, Joint-Learning Strategy, Competitive Advantage,
Environmental Dynamism

2. THE STATE-OF-THE-ART OF CORPORATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH:A CITATION ANALYSIS
Sascha Kraus, University of Liechtenstein, Liechtenstein
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to structure and synthesize the existing scholarly works in the field of
Corporate Entrepreneurship on the basis of a comprehensive “state-of-the-art” literature review and asubsequent bibliometric citation analysis. With this, four general clusters of research streams within CE
could be identified: 1) Entrepreneurship: Theoretical Foundations, especially Schumpeter and Miller’s
three Entrepreneurial Orientation dimensions; 2) Theoretical Foundations of CE, which define CE as
either the founding of new business fields within existing companies or the renewal of existing (company)
strategies; 3) CE/Performance relations, which are investigated empirically, and 4) Misc., i.e. further
important issues within CE research.
Keywords: Corporate, Entrepreneurship, Intrapreneurship, Citation Analysis, Literature Analysis, State of
the ArtIJSM, Volume 11, Number 1, 2011

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3. TEAM TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND PERSONALITY
Tiina Brandt, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
Maria Heikkilä, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
Susanna Sorvari, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
Vesa Routamaa, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the personality of team leaders to find out if there is a relationship between
transformational leaders in teams and team leaders’ personality. Also, the focus is to find out if
personality has impact on possible improvement as team leader during the process.Team leaders’transformational behavior is appraised by team members. The team leaders are upper class university
students who were coaching the first year student teams. Totally 57 team leaders were two times
appraised by their team members. Several statistically significant results were found. The sensing andjudging team leaders were rated more transformational in their leadership behavior than intuitive andperceiving ones. The development as a leader was highest with introverted and sensing leaders.
Statistically significant results in type level were found also.This knowledge could be used in teameducation where tendencies of leadership behavior by each personality types could be used. For
example, many introverts could be relieved that their relationships with other team members will be better
after time. Very few if any papers of the progress as a team leader have done before. Also using thewhole personality type level in the analyses brings new perspective in personality studies.
Keywords: transformational leadership, teams, personality

4. STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP OF ELECTRONICS BUSINESSES IN THAILAND:
EFFECTS ON ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION
Phapruke Ussahawanitchakit, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
ABSTRACTThis study aims at investigating the influences of strategic leadership on organizational innovation ofelectronics businesses in Thailand. Strategic leadership consists of absorptive capacity, adaptive capacityand managerial wisdom. It is hypothesized to become an independent variable of the study. Here, 398
electronics businesses in Thailand were chosen as a sample of the study. The results show thatabsorptive capacity has an important positive impact on organizational innovation, adaptive capacity has
a significant positive effect on organizational innovation, and managerial wisdom has a critical positive
influence on organizational innovation. Accordingly, firms with greater strategic leadership (absorptive
capacity, adaptive capacity and managerial wisdom) should definitely have a positive association with
their organizational innovation. To outstandingly achieve more benefits of the aforementioned
relationships, future research is needed to collect data from different populations and/or a comparative
population in order to increase the level of reliable results. Potential discussion with the research results
is effectively implemented in the study. Theoretical and managerial contributions are explicitly provided.
Conclusion and suggestions and directions of the future research are included.
Keywords: Strategic Leadership, Absorptive Capacity, Adaptive Capacity, Managerial Wisdom,
Organizational InnovationIJSM, Volume 11, Number 1, 2011

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5. SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SMESA NEW APPROACH TO IMPROVE BUSINESS AND SOCIETY
Anja Schulz, Technical University of Dortmund, Germany
Sascha Kraus, University of Liechtenstein, Liechtenstein
Paola Demartini, University of Rome 3, Italy
ABSTRACT
Sustainable management refers to the ability of an enterprise to meet economic, environmental andsocial requirements over the long term. Until now, the necessity for sustainability in strategic decisions
has for the most part only been accepted in major enterprises. SME-compatible sustainability strategies
and practices have so far remained widely unknown. In fact, empirical evidence shows that most of
SMEs’ external socially responsible activities are merely occasional and unrelated to their businessstrategy. Thus, the main objective of this paper is a systematic analysis of the possible transferability ofsustainability concepts to medium-sized businesses, i.e. the discovery of SME-specific sustainability
patterns, as well as their immediate applicability to generate competitive advantages.
Keywords: Sustainable Management, Corporate Social Responsibility, SME Strategy

6. TOP MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP, THE DEGREE OF NOVELTY OF PRODUCT INNOVATIONAND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE UNDER PERCEIVED ENVIRONMENTALUNCERTAINTY
Anne Köhn, University of Greifswald, Germany
ABSTRACT
Does leadership style of top managers influence the novelty degree of product innovations? Whichnovelty degree of product innovation is most profit generating? Although top management influence onorganizational outcomes received wide attention in literature only a handful of studies examined
empirically the influence of top managers on product innovation. Furthermore there is no study which
linked transformational leadership style of top managers to both radical and incremental innovation andonly one study that connected radical and incremental innovation to organizational performance at thesame time. Using data from 178 CEOs working in the medical technology industry, this study tries toclose this research gap. Since transformational leadership is known to be more effective in instable anduncertain situations, perceived environmental uncertainty is tested as a moderator. The results show apositive effect of top management transformational leadership on radical and incremental productinnovation as well as a strong impact of radical product innovation on organizational performance. Low
and high levels of perceived environmental uncertainty moderate these relationships.
Keywords: Top Management, Transformational Leadership, Radical and Incremental ProductInnovations, Organizational Performance, Perceived Environmental UncertaintyIJSM, Volume 11, Number 1, 2011

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7. WHY GOOD M & As GET AWAY:
A MODEL OF FACTORS THAT STOP POTENTIALLY ATTRACTIVE ACQUISITIONS
Richard B. Connell, University of New South Walesat the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, Australia
ABSTRACT
Merger and acquisition (M & A) performance can be improved by either reducing the number of acquiredcompanies that result in failure or increasing the number that result in successes. Most M & A research
focuses on the former; this article focuses on the latter. It proposes a model of factors that may intervene
in a critical period in the decision-making process and in doing so preclude the pursuit of attractive
acquisitions. Were these factors to be managed, more of the attractive candidates could be acquired
improving M & A performance. The model was derived from a multi-case study of 23 decisions made by
17 firms in Europe, the U.S. and Australasia. It incorporates 12 variables, the most important of which isthe failure of boards and senior managers to agree on an acquisition search’s objectives and strategy.
Keywords: group decision-making, M & A planning/process, strategy implementation process

8. BUILDING FIRM SUSTAINABILITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BUSINESSES IN
THAILAND: ROLES OF STRATEGIC FLEXIBILITY, MARKET-DRIVING STRATEGY ANDTECHNOLOGY CHANGE
Phapruke Ussahawanitchakit, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Pankom Sriboonlue, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to test the influences of strategic flexibility and market-driving strategy on
firm sustainability of information technology businesses in Thailand through a moderating effect ontechnology change. Strategic flexibility and market-driving strategy are independent variables, technology
change is the moderating variable, and firm sustainability is the dependent variable of the study. Here,
111 information technology businesses in Thailand were chosen as the sample. The results show thatmarket-driving strategy has a significant positive impact on firm sustainability. In contrast, strategic
flexibility has no effect on firm sustainability, and technology change is not a moderator of theaforementioned relationships. Surprisingly, technology change has an important positive association withfirm sustainability. Thus, further study may consider finding practical reasons why it is so by reviewing
extensive literature, or collecting a larger sample, for example. Potential discussion of the research
results is implemented. Theoretical and managerial contributions are explicitly provided. Conclusion andsuggestions and directions of the future research are highlighted.
Keywords: Strategic Flexibility; Market-Driving Strategy; Technology Change; Firm Sustainability

IJSM, Volume 11, Number 1, 2011

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9. LEARNING AN OPPONENT’S STRATEGY IN COURNOT COMPETITION
C.-Y. Cynthia Lin, University of California at Davis, Davis, USA
ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the dynamics of learning to compete strategically in a Cournot duopoly. The learningin games model used is logistic smooth fictitious play. I develop novel software that can be used toconfirm and visualize existing analytic results, to generate ideas for future analytic proofs, to analyze
games for which analytic solutions are difficult to derive, and to aid in the teaching of learning in games ina graduate game theory, business strategy, or business economics course. One key result is that there isan overconfidence premium: the worse off a player initially expects her opponent to be, the better off sheherself will eventually be.
Keywords: stochastic fictitious play, learning in games

10. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MCSs AND STRATEGY: AN EVIDENCE FROM SMEs
Yasemin Karaibrahimoğlu, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
Ece Acar, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
Gonca Günay, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
ABSTRACTAs Management Control Systems(MCSs) are the systems that designed to provide information to
management in order to implement organizations’ strategy; a strategy is the synthesis of a plan, a pattern,a position, a perspective and a ploy. The relationship between MCSs and strategy is a largely unexplored
field of research. Therefore,this study examined the role of MCSs on strategy based on a survey
conducted among Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the third largest city of Turkey. Overall,research findings strongly support the relationship between interactive and broadscope use of MCSs andstrategic pattern and organizational structure.
Keywords: Management Control Systems(MCSs), Interactive use of MCSs, Broadscope use of MCSs,
Strategy, Strategic PatternIJSM, Volume 11, Number 1, 2011

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11. REVIEWING STRATEGIES OF LOW COST CARRIERS AND THEIR IMPACT
ON CIVIL AVIATION INDUSTRY
S. Vaibhav, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, India
Somesh Kumar Sharma, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, India
ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to review Low Cost Strategies and their impact on Civil Aviation Industry.
Deregulation and its impacts are studied in this paper. The paper presents strategies adopted by low cost
carriers, which results in competition. The impacts made by LCC’s on fares, costs and profitability are
examined and lessons are drawn from the experience and the indicators provided by the previous
studies. The strategies adopted by airlines are explored for Civil Aviation Industry. The low cost strategy
when is exposed to the passengers, it results in growing passenger numbers and further the revenue forboth airlines and airports. Airlines at the same time wants to grab a decent pie from the transportation
sector and further employ Cost Leadership, lower their operating cost structures, employ advertising andbranding to further increase their market share. These strategies results in competition among theairlines. These strategies and their impacts will provide an insight of the key variables for assessing thecompetition among the airlines.
Keywords: Low Cost Strategy, Low Cost Carriers (LCC’s), Deregulation, Competence, Civil Aviation

12. PHYSICAL EXERCISE / FITNESS: JOB SATISFACTION AND WORK PORDUCTIVITY(The Case of Lebanon)
Nouri Beyrouti, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
Wael Jaber, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
ABSTRACT
There are many factors that may contribute to workers’ productivity and job satisfaction, but according tothis study exercise is one factor that should not be ignored. This research should add insight for
managers to implement programs that encourage employees to engage in regular physical activity. Suchprograms could increase employees’ health, and enhance employee productivity. Access to convenient
fitness facilities may be important to encourage employees in engaging in physical activity programs that
ultimately benefit the health and productivity of employees. Overall, the findings indicate an association
between fitness participation and reduced lost productivity from work impairment on the job compared tono-participation. Both employees and employers will benefit from increased workforce physical fitness.
Employees who exercise regularly benefit from improved health and employers with more physically fit
workers are likely to reduce their employee health costs and lost productivity. Engaging employees inregular physical exercise activity are challenging. If employers want to increase fitness participation, theyshould consider providing additional incentives to encourage the use of physical training and fitness
programs.
Keywords: Work Environment, Physical Fitness and Exercises, Health, Cardiovascular Endurance,
Absenteeism, Job Satisfaction and Productivity

IJSM, Volume 11, Number 1, 2011

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13. KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION ATTRIBUTES, COSTS AND GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE
Ruihua Joy Jiang, Oakland University, USA
ABSTRACT
Knowledge acquisition is explored by integrating knowledge-based view into the transaction-cost
perspective. Propositions are developed on the relationships between two attributes of a knowledge
acquisition (knowledge specificity and uncertainty) and three types of transaction costs (safeguarding
costs, opportunity costs, and learning costs), and on the implications that governance structures have on
these three costs.
Keywords: Knowledge Acquisition, learning costs, governance

14. LEADERSHIP: A NEW PERSPECTIVE FOR TEACHER LEADERS
IN PAKISTAN’S EDUCATION SECTOR
Humera Khan, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
ABSTRACT
Teacher quality is the subject of attention in this era than ever before. Teacher is a person who
strengthens the personality of a student. The achievement of student is related to the teacher quality.
Teacher is considered as a person who has most highly leadership skills. The idea and practice ofteacher leadership is the core area of research from past two decades. The aim of this paper is tohighlight the picture of a truly effective and efficient future oriented teacher as a leader to his/her student
in the teaching environment using a practical approach to his/her field. The future teacher leader inteaching environment is challenged in Pakistan’s education environment. This article focuses on the
education leader taking the main role in challenges faced by him/her in current education environment.
The teacher leader must have some essentials which lead the students to achieve their objectives andthese roles have considerable changes during past, present and in the future teaching environment. The
teacher must have authority, power, commitment and influence to lead his/her learner. The teachers arefacing dynamic challenges everyday and the changes and challenges to teacher leadership must be
implemented, a newly effective style of leader in education sector. The new century demands different
leadership approaches by teacher in different times. The papers conclude by defining different
dimensions of effective teacher leadership that can bring the educational changes in education sector of
Pakistan.
Keywords: leadership, teacher, educationIJSM, Volume 11, Number 1, 2011

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15. PRODUCT PORTFOLIO STRATEGIC PLANNING OF SMEs FROM ROMANIA
Florin Tudor Ionescu, The Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
ABSTRACT
There is no doubt about the fact that the increasingly competitive and dynamic marketing environment, inwhich companies from the developed countries activate, has led to the increasing need for strategicplanning. Even if, conceptually the strategic planning awakened the general interest of companies
in different parts of the world, the initiative to pursue studies in order to determine its degree of integrationand implementation belonged mainly to researchers from developed countries such as: Australia, USA,
Canada, U.K. and Netherlands. The purpose of this paper is to provide a valuable radiography ofbusiness environment, in terms of how companies in Romania conduct the process of product portfolio
strategic planning.
Keywords: strategic planning, strategic business unit, product portfolio, SMEs, Romania

16. INCREASING STRATEGIC EFFECTIVENESS BY
DECONSTRUCTING RELATIONSHIP AND RETENTION STRATEGIES
Cesar M. Maloles, III, California State University-East Bay, Hayward, California USA
Thomas Foscht, University of Graz, Graz Austria
Swee-Lim Chia, La Salle University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
William D. Reisel, St. John’s University, New York, New York USA
ABSTRACT
Relationship marketing and retention marketing have become the buzz words of marketing. The exact
nature of the relationship of these two concepts, however, has been inadequately discussed in themarketing literature. This study identified a number of differences between the two strategies as a firststep in explaining the nature of the relationship. It found differences in their strategic approach, theirtarget audience, the duration of the effort, their cost structure, their communication characteristics, theirvisibility to competitors, the competitive response they generate, and the tools they used. In addition, thestudy suggests that retention marketing plays a supporting role to relationship marketing but can also be
an alternative strategy for certain markets. Managerial implications are discussed.
Keywords: Relationship marketing, retention marketing, customer retention, strategy

17. THEORETICAL ESSAY: PROPOSITION OF A FRAMEWORK TO ANALYSE THE RESOURCES
RECONFIGURATION THROUGHOUT COMPANIES’ INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESS
Germana T. de Melo, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (RS), BrazilEugênio Ávila Pedrozo, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
ABSTRACTThe focus of studies about internationalization of companies has been about the reasons to gointernational, of strategies to achieve international market and the analysis of the process ofinternationalization. Nowadays, to focus on the international market, companies do not only have toanalyse the external environment but also their internal, that is, their resources. Besides, vis à vis a
dynamic environment, resources will undergo a dynamic process of reconfiguration to accompany thesechanges. Furthermore, besides the fact that studies about internationalization with focus on resources are
rare, there has been no access to any work that related this aspect of resource reconfiguration withinternationalization, making the theme much more important. Thus, the objective of this article is to fill theIJSM, Volume 11, Number 1, 2011

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lacunae of the literature proposing a framework to analyse the reconfiguration of resources throughout
the internationalization process. For this, a small conceptual review about the strategies of entrance in theexternal market will be made as well as the introduction of a new concept of resource which goes beyond
the one based on the Internal Resource Based View (IRBV) and the view of Dynamic Capabilities. Thebase principle of this new concept is the identification of resources as dynamic assets, dependent of its
uses and capable of enacting multiple schemas. On this perspective, resources are created andrecreated through actions enabling actors to enact schemas. To this process, the concept of resourcing
has been associated. These theoretical approaches together allow to represent the proposed framework
as a mechanism to observe and structure how the reconfiguration of resources happens no matter
specific realities, that is, if the company is in a developed or emerging country, if it is big, medium or
small, the framework can still be applied. Thus, it is possible to identify which resources are modified,
which are important to the internationalization of companies as well as the form under which thereconfiguration happens. Besides, the present work will contribute to the development of studies about
the internationalization and reconfiguration of resources.
Keywords: Internationalization. Resources. Reconfiguration. Resourcing

18. EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING EFFECTIVENESS:
HOTEL IN THAILAND
Ingorn Nachailit, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Nantana Ngamtampong, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Piradee Paralit, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
ABSTRACTThis study investigates the relationship among strategic management accounting effectiveness(information linkage to daily actions, information supports the extended enterprise, and information
provides the long-term view), operational strategic successful (service excellence, product quality expert,
cost reduction, and product different) and corporate sustainable competitiveness via appropriate control
system as a moderator in the context of hotel business in Thailand using contingency theory framework.
Moreover, three constructs for antecedent of strategic management accounting effectiveness include
technology capability, inter-functional coordination, and team management competency was chosen as
independent variables. The ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis and data from 168
managing director or managing partner or executive managing director of hotel business in Thailand
supported our hypotheses, researchers found that: (1) strategic management accounting effectiveness is
positively related to operational strategic successful; (2) operational strategic successful is positively
associate with corporate sustainable competitiveness; (3) appropriate control system is a moderator ofstrategic management accounting effectiveness and operational strategic successful; and (4) technology
capability, inter-functional coordination, and team management competency are positively related to
strategic management accounting effectiveness. Thus, theoretical and managerial contributions areprovided, conclusion and suggestions are also presented for future research.
Keywords: Strategic Management Accounting Effectiveness, Information Linkage to Daily Actions,
Information Supports the Extended Enterprise, Information Provides the Long-term View, Operational
Strategic Successful, Service Excellence, Product Quality Expert, Cost Reduction, Product Different,
Corporate Sustainable Competitiveness, Appropriate Control System, Technology Capability, Interfunctional Coordination, Team Management CompetencyIJSM, Volume 11, Number 1, 2011

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19. SHOULD CHINESE TECHNOLOGY-INTENSIVE SME WORK WITH WESTERN PARTNERS?
Lee Li, York University, Toronto, Canada
Peggy Ng, York University, Toronto, Canada
ABSTRACT
Chinese new small- and medium-sized technology enterprises face an important strategic decision when
they operate in overseas markets. That is, should they remain independent? Independent SMEs rely on
their own internal resources while dependent SMEs resort to external resources through partnerships.
This paper evaluates various market contexts in which one strategy is preferred to the other. Findings
from this study suggest that different market contexts and different internal resources lead to different
strategies.
Keywords: small and medium sized technology enterprises, international partnership strategies

20. THE CONTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TO STRATEGIC PLANNING
Luciane Reginato, USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
ABSTRACTThis study examines whether Brazilian firms effectively share information technology to provide managers
with qualitative and quantitative information on business conditions to contribute to the strategic planning
process, under the perspective of Porter’s five competitive forces. This analysis rests on a questionnaire
containing a set of closed questions scored on the Likert scale. The questionnaire was answered by 127
financial controllers of companies listed in the 2008 “Biggest and Best” edition of Exame S/A magazine.
The questions were divided into six blocks for subsequent analysis of the data: Financial Control andInformation Technology, Customers, Suppliers, Rivals, Substitute Products and New Entrants. The study
entailed descriptive and inferential statistics (Spearman’s coefficient), multivariate (cluster) analysis andanalysis of means (ANOVA). We conclude that the sectors that most focus their internal environments toobtain information that can contribute to formulation of strategic planning are those in cluster 3 –pharmaceuticals, construction, digital technology, mining, pulp and paper, chemicals and petrochemicals,
services, steel and other metals – which together represented 20.47% of the sample. The data thus
indicate a general tendency for managers to to consider aspects related to these blocks as a source of
information.
Keywords: Information technology, strategic planning, Porter’s forces