Please refer to the definition file.

73

74

75

1. The dog never showed signs of aging.
2. He owns a chain of stores.
3. He regularly drinks a pint of beer.
4. We don’t know the extent of the damage to the car yet.
5. They remove tons of garbage from the dumping site.
6. Feet and meters are units of length.

76

7. A section of the air conditioner is not working.
8. The police want to know the sequence of events.
9. We are watching a show about a series of crimes.
10. I have to finish the remaining chapters of this book.
11. You have to wear layers of clothes when it is cold.
12. He has to know the depth of the hole before he goes down to it.

77

1. to act quickly
2. have to act quickly
3. but they have to act quickly
4. crisis but they have to act quickly
5. depth of the crisis but they have to act quickly
6. the depth of the crisis but they have to act quickly
7. They don’t know the depth of the crisis but they have to act quickly.

78

1. A unit of the town’s fire station was at the big public meeting.
2. A section of the town’s fire station was at the big public meeting.
3. A section of the town’s police station was at the big public meeting.
4. A section of the town’s hospital was at the big public meeting.
5. A section of the town’s hospital was at the big public rally.
6. Two sections of the town’s hospital were at the big public rally.
7. Two sections of the town’s school were at the big public rally.

79

1. Scientists found signs of life on Mars.
2. Scientists found tons of animals on Mars.
3. Scientists found tons of rock in the volcano.
4. Researchers found layers of rock in the volcano.
5. Researchers found a series of hot springs in the volcano.
6. Adventurers discovered a series of hot springs in the volcano.
7. Adventurers discovered a chain of hot springs near the volcano.

80

1. How many signs and symptoms of fever can you list?
2. Can you drink a pint of wine?
3. Can you see the full extent of your city?
4. Do you keep a ton of food at home?
5. Can you read a whole chapter in an hour?

811. He can finish a pint.
2. He can finish half a pint.
3. He can finish half a pint of beer.
4. He can finish half a pint of beer while reading.
5. He can finish half a pint of beer while reading a chapter of the book.

82

1. We were telling our mum the chain of events. Repeat.
2. We were telling our mum the chain of events. Change: sister.
3. We were telling our sister the chain of events. Add: at the party.
4. We were telling our sister the chain of events at the party. Change: holiday. -5. We were telling our sister the chain of events at the holiday. Change:
performance.
6. We were telling our sister the chain of performances at the holiday.
Transform: present progressive.
7. We are telling our sister the chain of performances at the holiday. Change:
concert.
8. We are telling our sister the chain of performances at the concert. Transform:
what.

83

1. Can you bake a cake? How many layers of cake do you like? If you can buy
two layers of cake, do you want them to be of different flavors? What do you eat
with your coffee or tea?
2. Can you tell me the sequence of instructions on how to make coffee? Do you
always follow instructions from the instruction manual? Are you good at
putting furniture together? Have you tried repairing an electronic device byyourself?
3. Do you put up a series of lights at Christmas time? What other decorations
do people put up during Christmas? What traditions do you have in yourfamily?

84

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86

87

88

89

90

1. A unit of the town’s fire station was at the big public meeting.
2. A section of the town’s fire station was at the big public meeting.
3. A section of the town’s police station was at the big public meeting.
4. A section of the town’s hospital was at the big public meeting.
5. A section of the town’s hospital was at the big public rally.
6. Two sections of the town’s hospital were at the big public rally.
7. Two sections of the town’s school were at the big public rally.

91

1. nervous
2. conduct
3. criterion
4. statue
5. indication
6. representation
7. presumably
8. automatically
9. virtually
10. gradually92

1. Jude and Matt were arrested, the former being so drunk. Change: fighting.
2. Gloves and socks make you warm, but most people just wear the latter.
Change: use.
3. Jamie hates pickles and onions, although he sometimes eats the former.
Change: tomato.
4. I swim and run, but I often do the latter rather than the former. Change: jog. -5. My mum cooks breakfast and lunch, but she eats the former by herself.
Change: latter.
6. My dad collects cars and bottle tops, the latter, I think, is a waste of time.
Change: money.
7. Dan is a licensed nurse and teacher, the latter of which is not being
practiced. Change: active.
8. Mia takes baking and cooking lessons, but she isn’t too keen on the latter.
Change: interested in.

93

1. Strike the iron.
2. Strike the iron while it is hot.
3. Strike the iron while it is hot is an idiom.
4. Strike the iron while it is hot is an idiom which means grab the opportunity.
5. Strike the iron while it is hot is an idiom which means grab the opportunity
before you lose it.

94

1. Get rid of the building. Repeat.
2. Get rid of the building. Add: old.
3. Get rid of the old building. Add: you own.
4. Get rid of the old building you own. Add: near the city.
5. Get rid of the old building you own near the city. Add: before July.

95

1. I had a car and a motorbike but the former was stolen.
2. I had a car and a motorbike but the latter was stolen.
3. She had a car and a motorbike but the latter was stolen.
4. She had a car and a bicycle but the latter was stolen.
5. He had a car and a bicycle but the latter was stolen.
6. He had a truck and a bicycle but the latter was stolen.
7. He had a truck and a bicycle but the former was stolen.
8. He had a truck and a bicycle but the former was taken away.

96

1. We were telling our mum the chain of events. Repeat.
2. We were telling our mum the chain of events. Change: sister.
3. We were telling our sister the chain of events. Add: at the party.
4. We were telling our sister the chain of events at the party. Change: holiday. -5. We were telling our sister the chain of events at the holiday. Change:
performance.
6. We were telling our sister the chain of performances at the holiday.
Transform: present progressive.
7. We are telling our sister the chain of performances at the holiday. Change:
concert.
8. We are telling our sister the chain of performances at the concert. Transform:
what.

97

1. Why do we squeeze fruits?
2. Why do we chuck things away?
3. Why do we seal documents?
4. Why do we get rid of unwanted plants in our garden?
5. Why can some clothes be easily ripped?
6. Why is it not allowed to shove people?
7. Why do blacksmiths strike iron with a hammer?
8. Why do animals break out of their cages?

981. My nephew bumped his bike into a bush. Repeat.
2. My nephew bumped his bike into a bush. Transform: who.
3. The report says a prisoner broke out of jail last night. Repeat.
4. The report says a prisoner broke out of jail last night. Transform: when.
5. The girl squeezed her cute toy bunny. Repeat.
6. The girl squeezed her cute toy bunny. Transform: what.
7. The old woman was shoved to the ground in the market. Repeat.

99

8. The old woman was shoved to the ground in the market. Transform: where. -9. We need to change the shower curtain because it was ripped. Repeat.
10. We need to change the shower curtain because it was ripped. Transform:
why.
11. Children love this pencil that bends. Repeat.
12. Children love this pencil that bends. Transform: what.
13. My dad doesn’t want to undertake the new project. Repeat.
14. My dad doesn’t want to undertake the new project. Transform: who.
15. I have to get out of doing the research this summer. Repeat.
16. I have to get out of doing the research this summer. Transform: when.

1001. How many signs and symptoms of fever can you list?
2. Can you drink a pint of wine?
3. Can you see the full extent of your city?
4. Do you keep a ton of food at home?
5. Can you read a whole chapter in an hour?

101

102

1. I use both paper and computer, with the latter allowing me to save more time.
Write.
2. The report says a prisoner broke out of jail last night. Transform: when.
3. We were telling our sister about the chain of events at the party. Change:holiday.
4. Mia takes baking and cooking lessons, but she isn’t too keen on the latter.
Change: interested in.
5. My nephew bumped his bike into a bush. Transform: who.

103

Since can be used to introduce a clause. The since-clause can either be thepast tense or perfect. Present, past, and present perfect tenses are all possible
for the main clause depending on what you mean in the sentence.
Examples: I feel a lot better since I went to the doctor last week.
It has been a year since I have seen my niece.
She improved a lot since she started taking English lessons.

1041. It has been quite a long time since we went to a theme park.
2. She has been writing books since she was eleven.
3. We have been selling our furniture since we moved to a smaller house.
4. It has only been a week since my sister gave birth.
5. He has gone to the grocery store since he ran out of food in the fridge.
6. Tina is a lot worse since she stopped receiving therapy.
7. They’ve been shopping in that supermarket since they were children.
8. She hasn’t stopped playing with that doll since it was given to her.
9. Erika is drinking more water since she got dehydrated last month.
10. I have been eating regularly since I recovered from an illness.

1051. I am a lot taller since the last time you saw me.
2. I am a lot thinner since the last time you saw me.
3. She is a lot thinner since the last time you saw her.
4. She is a lot happier since the last time you saw her.
5. She is a lot worse since the last time you saw her.
6. He is a lot worse since the last time you saw him.
7. He is a lot worse since the last time you talked to him.
8. He is a lot better since the last time you talked to him.

106

1. My mother has been cleaning since I left this morning. Repeat.
2. Change: grandmother, cooking.
3. Change: her, cleaning.
4. Change: brother, complaining.
5. Change: playing, arrived.
6. Change: sleeping, afternoon.
7. Change: father, reading.
8. Change: sister, singing.

107

1. The plant has grown taller since the last time I watered it. Repeat.
2. The plant has grown taller since the last time I watered it. Change: looked at. -3. The plant has grown taller since the last time I looked at it. Change: tree.
4. The tree has grown taller since the last time I looked at it. Change: bigger.
5. The tree has grown bigger since the last time I looked at it. Change: hill.
6. The hill has grown bigger since the last time I looked at it. Change: bird.
7. The bird has grown bigger since the last time I looked at it. Change: fed.
8. The bird has grown bigger since the last time I fed it. Change: dog.

108

1. I am still looking for a place.
2. I am still looking for a place to stay.
3. I am still looking for a place to stay since I was thrown out.
4. I am still looking for a place to stay since I was thrown out by my landlord.
5. I am still looking for a place to stay since I was thrown out by my landlord
last week.

109

1. We have been arguing since we came home from our vacation.
2. They have been arguing since they came back from their vacation.
3. They have been debating since they came back from their holiday.
4. They have been fighting since they returned from their holiday.
5. They have been quarreling since they got back from their holiday.
6. They have been disagreeing since they got back from their holiday.

110

111

112

1. How long has it been since you last drank alcohol?
2. Have you been feeling ill since you had your last class?
3. How long has it been since you changed your computer?
4. Do you feel better since you have eaten your lunch?
5. Which places have you visited since you moved to that city?

113

Please refer to the definition file.

114

115

116

1. Many coins around the world are flat silver discs.
2. He keeps a pad of paper with him.
3. The secretary checked the calendar for the schedule.
4. I need to ask a favor of my mum.
5. The builders request the owner to buy more materials.
6. They ask for more steel sheets.

117

7. A 4-month-old baby can already eat solids.
8. You have to switch your phone to airplane mode.
9. Children just want to watch the cartoon channel.
10. My cousins want to play on the slide.
11. A billionaire has much wealth.
12. Your shadow appears when you stand in front of a light.

118

1. He has problems.
2. He has problems with people.
3. He has problems with people because of his wealth.
4. He has problems with people because of his wealth and popularity.
5. He has problems with people because of his wealth and lack of popularity.

1191. The employees ask a favor to improve their mode of transportation.
2. The workers asked a favor to improve their mode of transportation.
3. The workers will ask a favor to improve their mode of communication.
4. The manager will ask a favor to change his mode of communication.
5. The manager should ask a favor to enhance his mode of communication.
6. I should ask a favor to enhance their mode of operation.
7. We should ask a favor to upgrade their mode of operation.

120

1. Jenna has a calendar at home.
2. Jenna has a pad at home.
3. Jenna has some materials at home.
4. Jenna has some steel at home.
5. We have some steel at home.
6. We have some steel at the office.
7. We had some steel at the office.
8. We had some steel at the park.
9. We had a slide at the park.

121

1. She bought a pad of paper. Change: three.
2. Toby ran out of favor due to his tardiness. Change: laziness.
3. They use steel for buildings. Change: houses.
4. We often do channel surfing when we are bored. Change: free.
5. My nieces love playing on their slide. Change: nephews.
6. Damian’s wealth grew because of his international investment. Change: dueto.
7. The shadow of the building gave us shade. Change: them.
8. A child saw a small flat disc on the ground. Change: sees.

122

123

1. I need some materials. Repeat.
2. Add: like steel.
3. Add: and a pad of cloth.
4. Add: a metal disc.
5. Add: for my school project.

124

1. We look at a calendar for dates.
2. He wouldn’t just give anyone a favor. -3. Don’t disturb the manager when he is in that mode.
4. We watch the news channel every night.
5. We eat solid.
6. Kids likes the big slide in the park.
7. Great wealth make people happy.
8. Your shadow goes with you everywhere.

125

1. What kind of material do you need to make a warm blanket?
2. What do you use a calendar for?
3. What mode of transportation do you use to go home?
4. Do you think the shape of the compact disc is practical? Why or why not?
5. Are solids better than liquids as food?

126

Please refer to the definition file.

1271. The new law excludes retirees from paying the additional tax.
2. They dismissed the report as unimportant.
3. The dish she cooked consisted of carrots, potatoes, and beans.
4. The bath and the bedroom constitute my flat.
5. The athletes represented the country well.
6. A private business funded the show.

128

7. Being a citizen of a country entitles you to certain rights.
8. She deserves to win an award for being a great actress.
9. He proposes that we change some rules at work.
10. The officials rank the players to know who is the best.
11. I got up to the part of the movie where it got boring.
12. My mother told me to go after my dreams.

129

1. in my report
2. basketball team in my report
3. local basketball team in my report
4. fund a local basketball team in my report
5. request to fund a local basketball team in my report
6. excluded the request to fund a local basketball team in my report
7. I have excluded the request to fund a local basketball team in my report.

130

1. He deserves to know his personal information.
2. He deserved to know important information.
3. I deserved to ask for important information.
4. I am entitled to get important information.
5. I was entitled to learn important information.
6. She was entitled to see important information.
7. They were entitled to dismiss important information.

1311. Jonathan proposed to rank the students.
2. Jonathan proposed to go after the students.
3. Jonathan proposed to go after the thieves.
4. Jonathan suggested going after the thieves.
5. Jonathan wanted to go after the thieves.
6. Jonathan wanted to go after the killers.
7. David wanted to go after the killers.
8. David wished to go after the killers.

132

1. She represents us.
2. She represents us and our business.
3. She represents us and our business as our lawyer.
4. She has represented us and our business as our lawyer from the beginning.
5. She has represented us and our business as our lawyer from the beginning
until now.

133

1. Can a sandwich just consist of bread and butter? Yes, a sandwich can justconsist …
2. Does a hard-working man deserve a good rest? Yes, a hard-working man…
3. Have you gotten up to the end of the book you are reading? Yes, I have …
4. Do policemen go after criminals? Yes, policemen …

134

1. Do private organizations sometimes fund charities? Do you know of any
charitable organizations? Have you visited one before? Do you think charities
are useful?
2. Who represented your country in a popular sport? Do you watch sports
competitions? Do you play any sports? What sport? Why do people enjoy
sports?
3. What constitutes a good breakfast? Do you eat breakfast? Why is breakfast
considered the most important meal of the day? What do you drink with yourbreakfast?

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

1. I am a lot taller since the last time you saw me.
2. I am a lot thinner since the last time you saw me.
3. She is a lot thinner since the last time you saw her.
4. She is a lot happier since the last time you saw her.
5. She is a lot worse since the last time you saw her.
6. He is a lot worse since the last time you saw him.
7. He is a lot worse since the last time you talked to him.
8. He is a lot better since the last time you talked to him.

143

1. He has problems.
2. He has problems with people.
3. He has problems with people because of his wealth.
4. He has problems with people because of his wealth and popularity.
5. He has problems with people because of his wealth and lack of popularity.

144

1. My mother has been cleaning since I left this morning. Repeat.
2. Change: grandmother, cooking.
3. Change: her, cleaning.
4. Change: brother, complaining.
5. Change: playing, arrived.
6. Change: sleeping, afternoon.
7. Change: father, reading.
8. Change: sister, singing.

1451. Can a sandwich just consist of bread and butter? Yes, a sandwich can justconsist …
2. Does a hard-working man deserve a good rest? Yes, a hard-working man …
3. Have you gotten up to the end of the book you are reading? Yes, I have …
4. Do policemen go after criminals? Yes, policemen …

146

1. He deserves to know his personal information.
2. He deserved to know important information.
3. I deserved to ask for important information.
4. I am entitled to get important information.
5. I was entitled to learn important information.
6. She was entitled to see important information.
7. They were entitled to dismiss important information.

147

1. The plant has grown taller since the last time I watered it. Repeat.
2. The plant has grown taller since the last time I watered it. Change: looked at. -3. The plant has grown taller since the last time I looked at it. Change: tree.
4. The tree has grown taller since the last time I looked at it. Change: bigger.
5. The tree has grown bigger since the last time I looked at it. Change: hill.
6. The hill has grown bigger since the last time I looked at it. Change: bird.
7. The bird has grown bigger since the last time I looked at it. Change: fed.
8. The bird has grown bigger since the last time I fed it. Change: dog.

148

149

1. She bought a pad of paper. Change: three.
2. Toby ran out of favor due to his tardiness. Change: laziness.
3. They use steel for buildings. Change: houses.
4. We often do channel surfing when we are bored. Change: free. -- 5. My nieces love playing on their slide. Change: nephews. -6. Damian’s wealth grew because of his international investment. Change: dueto.
7. The shadow of the building gave us shade. Change: them.
8. A child saw a small flat disc on the ground. Change: sees.

150

1. in my report
2. basketball team in my report
3. local basketball team in my report
4. fund a local basketball team in my report
5. request to fund a local basketball team in my report
6. excluded the request to fund a local basketball team in my report
7. I have excluded the request to fund a local basketball team in my report.

151

1. I need some materials. Repeat.
2. Add: like steel.
3. Add: and a pad of cloth.
4. Add: a metal disc.
5. Add: for my school project.

152

153

1. It has been quite a long time since we went to a theme park. Write.
2. I need some materials like steel. Add: and a pad of cloth.
3. Jonathan proposed to rank the students. Change: teachers.
4. The bird has grown bigger since the last time I looked at it. Change: fed.
5. I need some materials like steel, a metal disc and a pad of cloth. Add: for my school
project.

154

We commonly use the phrases “it is known that..”, “it is said that...”, “it isbelieved that...” and “it is commonly known that ...” to communicate common
beliefs and knowledge.
Examples: It is known that exercise helps your body get stronger.
It is said that chocolate can cause happiness.
It is believed that tobacco causes cancer.

155

1. It is known that the Philippines has beautiful beaches.
2. It is said that cold weather can get you sick.
3. It is commonly known that cockroaches are dirty.
4. It is believed that you shouldn’t eat the food you dropped.
5. It is known that water is healthy.
6. It is said that oceans have many animals.
7. It is believed that wood is a tough material.
8. It is commonly known that London is the capital of England.
9. It is known that Greeks used to believe in gods.
10. It is said that humans cannot live alone.

156

1. It is said that vegetables are good for the body.
2. It is known that vegetables are good for the body.
3. It is believed that vegetables are good for the body.
4. It is believed that bread is good for the body.
5. It is believed that nuts are good for the body.
6. It is believed that bananas are good for the brain.
7. It is believed that carrots are good for the brain.
8. It is believed that carrots are good for the skin.

157

1. It is commonly known that it is not very easy to drive.
2. It is commonly known that it is not very hard to walk.
3. It is commonly known that it is very hard to do nothing.
4. It is commonly known that it is hard to paint.
5. It is commonly known that it is easy to boil an egg.
6. It is commonly known that it is easy to cook a potato.
7. It is commonly known that it is not easy to cook chicken.

1581. It is known that Canada is a cold country. Repeat.
2. It is known that Canada is a cold country. Change: Scotland.
3. It is known that Scotland is a cold country. Change: beautiful.
4. It is known that Scotland is a beautiful country. Change: Spain.
5. It is known that Spain is a beautiful country. Change: European.
6. It is known that Spain is a European country. Change: England.
7. It is known that England is a European country. Change: rainy.
8. It is known that England is a rainy country. Change: place.

1591. It is believed that medicine helps you feel better. Repeat.
2. It is believed that medicine helps you feel better. Change: food.
3. It is believed that food helps you feel better. Change: drinks.
4. It is believed that drinks help you feel better. Change: soup.
5. It is believed that soup helps you feel better. Change: resting.
6. It is believed that resting helps you feel better. Change: alcohol.
7. It is believed that alcohol helps you feel better. Change: makes.
8. It is believed that alcohol makes you feel better. Change: worse.

160

1. It is said that food is hard to find in some countries. Repeat.
2. Change: water, places.
3. Change: animals, cities.
4. Change: easy, catch.
5. Change: monkeys, forests.
6. Change: birds, see.
7. Change: gold, discover.

161

162

163

1. It is commonly known that China has the biggest population in the world.
2. It is believed that night is for sleeping.
3. It is said that cell phones is used to calling.
4. It is known that Japanese has their own language.
5. It is said that thieves come at night.
6. It is believed that fruits are good sources of vitamin C.
7. It is commonly known that village streets are smaller.
8. It is known that city life can busy.

164