ADB's Support to Waste
Management

India-Japan Environment Week
12 January 2023
Norio Saito
Director, Urban Development and Water
Division, South Asia Department, ADB

1
INTERNAL. This information is accessible to ADB Management and staff. It may be shared outside ADB with appropriate permission.

ADB S2030 Operational Priorities Linked Directly to SWM
Operational Approach

Strategic OperationalPriority

Environmental GovernanceOperational Priority 3
Tackling climate change, building
climate and disaster resilience,and enhancing environmental
sustainability

Water-food-energy security nexus
Environmental
sustainability enhanced

Air and water pollution managementNatural capital and healthy oceans•

Operational Priority 4
Making Cities More Livable

Improveurban environment,
climate-resilience anddisaster management ofcities

Support environment improvement projects•Support
Support environment
improvement
projects
environment
improvement
projects• Promote energy-efficient and environment-friendly technologies and processes• Support risk-sensitive land use management•Promote
Promote circular
economy practices and environment-friendly
energy-efficient• Adopt nature-based solutions.
•technologies and processes• Promote energy-efficient and environment-friendly technologies and processes• Support risk-sensitive land use management
circularpractices•Promote
Promote circular
economyeconomy
practices• Adopt nature-based solutions.

2Action Plan for Healthy Oceans & Blue Economies
Commitment: $5 BILLION by 2024
FLAGSHIP OCEAN PROGRAMS

CoastalResilience

MAINSTREAMING OCEAN HEALTH

Plastic-freeOceans

Wastewaterand Sanitation

Solid Waste
Management

Rural Development and Food
Security, and Water “Source toSea”

GROWING BLUE ECONOMY SECTORS

Ocean
Finance

Sustainable
Seafood

INTERNAL. This information is accessible to ADB Management and staff. It may be shared outside ADB with appropriate permission.

Green Maritime
Transport

Marine Renewable
EnergySustainable Coastaland Marine Tourism
3

ADB Urban Sector SWM Projects
Annual Commitments(in $ million)$300.00$273.48(12.5%)$250.00$200.00$161.18(8.7%)$124.21(6.3%)$150.00$94.20(5.6%)$100.00$50.00$23.05(3.2%)$30.95(2.8%)$34.87(3.6%)

2011

2012$98.39(6.1%)$63.65(3.7%)$56.35(3.6%)$40.44(3.8%)$23.39(1.9%)$7.77(0.5%)

$0.00

2010

2013

2014

2015

INTERNAL. This information is accessible to ADB Management and staff. It may be shared outside ADB with appropriate permission.

201620172018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Transitioning to a Circular Economy• Waste hierarchy and circular economy principles are yet to bemainstreamed into many country strategies and operations.

INTERNAL. This information is accessible to ADB Management and staff. It may be shared outside ADB with appropriate permission.

Integrated Solid Waste Management for Local
Governments (A Practical Guide)
A knowledge product produced in 2017 under TA 9025-REG:
Establishing the Future Cities Program in the Asia and Pacific.
This practical reference guide introduces key concepts of integrated
solid waste management and identifies crosscutting issues in the sector,
derived mainly from field experience in the technical assistance project
Mainstreaming Integrated Solid Waste Management in Asia.
Contains over 40 practice briefs covering solid waste management
planning, waste categories, waste containers and collection, waste
processing and diversion, landfill development, landfill operations, andcontract issues.
Available on-line: https://www.adb.org/documents/solid-waste-mgt-local-gov

6

Bangladesh: Coastal Towns Climate Resilience ProjectOP1

OP2

OP3

OP4

OP6

Challenges• high levels of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability toclimate-related disasters because of factors including
low elevation, high population density, high poverty
rates, and limited capacity of local governments• An estimated 2.5 million-7.2 million people annually will
be affected by coastal flooding in Bangladesh from2070 to 2100.
• Inadequate stormwater drainage facilities and poorsolid waste management are critical factors that
contribute to increasing climate-related disaster risks.
•capacity limitations, siltation, and dumping of solid waste
in drains causing severe flooding and extended waterlogging.

Uncontrolled Disposal of Solid Waste in the Proposed
Landfill SiteApproval: 26 October 2022
Completion Date : December 2029

Integrated approach

Total cost: $310.0 million- ADB: $250.0 million- Government : $60.0 million•

Climate adaptation: $226.0 million (ADB Financing)
Climate mitigation: $1.2 million (ADB Financing)•Adopt an integrated approach for coastal town developmentthat promotes risk-informed planning and investment forbuilding resilience.
Towns with high exposure to flooding selected to support
integrated waste management improvement

Project coverage: 22 pourashavas (urban local bodies)7

Bangladesh: Coastal Towns Climate Resilience Project

Bagerhat Waste Management Improvement• Challenges: uncontrolled disposal, multiple handling of waste before disposal, uncovered
collection, waste collected from drains and streets not transported timely to designated places
daily, no waste collection and disposal services available in the slums, no reliable data available
regarding the daily demand for fecal sludge collection and disposal, and most of the pit latrines andseptic tanks are connected to drains or water bodies.

• Integrated approach – addressing technical elements (source separation, collection, storage,transportation, recycling, resource recovery and disposal) and governance aspects (institutional,financial and regulatory).

Mass Balance of Waste

Co-composting Conceptual design of FSTP

Integrated Resource Recovery Facility
8INTERNAL. This information is accessible to ADB Management and staff. It may be shared outside ADB with appropriate permission.

Maldives: Greater Malé Environmental Improvement and Waste
Management Project / Waste to Energy Project
The project will establish a sustainable solid waste management (SWM) system in the Greater Malé area by (i) establishing a modern
waste collection, transfer, treatment (waste-to-energy), and disposal system; (ii) improving outer island waste management systems;(iii) building institutional capacity for sustainable services delivery; and (iv) raising public awareness on sustainable behaviors.

GenerationCollection

GM Environmental Improvement
and Waste Management ProjectTransport/transfer

2018-2023

Treatment

Final disposal

GM Waste to Energy 2020-2026
Project$40.00 million (ADB and JFPR)$151.13 million (ADB, AIIB, JFJCM)

1. Improved waste collection, transfer and disposal in Greater
Malé including improved site management and logistics on
Thilafushi (temporary) + construction and demolition waste
2. Improved outer island waste management system
3. Improved awareness and behavioral change

1. Regional waste management facility with
WTE plant and landfill for air pollution
control residues and incinerator bottom ash;
2. Institutional capacity & public awarenessin reduce-reuse-recycle (3R) practices

Strengthened institutional capacities for sustainable solid waste service delivery and environmental monitoring

9

Greater Malé

Hulhumalé

Thilafushi
Malé

Villimalé2018, before the project11

Nov 202212

Output 1
Disaster- and climate- resilient regional
waste management facility developed(500t/d WTE – 15yrs DBO – 8MW)

Output 2
Institutional capacity in sustainable WTE service
delivery and environmental monitoring, andpublic awareness on WTE and 3R improved

Greater Malé WTE Project$151.13 million (ADB, AIIB, JFJCM, GOM)
Approved in Aug 2020

India: Madhya Pradesh Urban Services Improvement Project –Additional Financing includes:• universal coverage, tariff setting, O&M cost
recovery, 100% household metering, volumetrictariff, Hybrid DBO contract, e-governance (billing,collection, and customer center, e-procurement),and tax net
Mainstreaming • Mainstream citywide inclusive sanitation (CWIS)
Citywidein planning, design and execution of theInclusive
wastewater management subproject

Water
Investment ++Project Cost and Funding:
Total:$385.7 million
ADB:$270 million
Government: $115.70 million
Date of Project Commitment:
12 October 2020

Sanitation

Benefiting population: 1.3
million

INTERNAL. This information is accessible to ADB Management and staff. It may be shared outside ADB with appropriate permission.

OP1

OP2

OP3

OP4

INDIA – Madhya Pradesh Urban Services Improvement Project – Additional Financing

TOWARDS MODEL CWIS TOWN – RAJNAGAR MUNICIPALITY

0%

64%

100%

Strategy: Planning non-sewered
sanitation solutions for theexcluded areas

INTERNAL. This information is accessible to ADB Management and staff. It may be shared outside ADB with appropriate permission.

OP5OP6ADB support to SBM 2.0• $200m results-based loan processed for 2023 approval• Comprehensive waste management in ~100 cities across 7-8states• Attached TA supporting climate and disaster resilience,
knowledge & capacity building• Synergy with ongoing & proposed ADB investments atcentral, state & ULB level• Upstream work for potential PPP and private sector
engagement• Further $300m in 2026

16INTERNAL. This information is accessible to ADB Management and staff. It may be shared outside ADB with appropriate permission.

Challenges and constraints for effective SWM• Financial sustainability: difficult to charge; current practice (i.e.,linear process) is cheaper (collection – open dump); benefits
are mostly positive externalities (GHG reduction, clean
air/water).
• Source segregation is key but difficult to achieve quickly• Policy and regulatory reform to accelerate circular economy• Different views on solutions even among professionals – what’sideal and what’s realistically possible (how much recycling andhow – material, chemical, and thermal?)• Technical and operational complexity in treatment andscientific disposal – limited capacity of local governments,
particularly in small ULBs
• Poor integration of SWM with informal recycling sector• PPP challenges on SWM because of the above complexities
17

The Way Forward▪ increase focus on SWM that improves urban environmental conditions and reduces GHG
emissions; support ocean health action plan through specific and targeted interventions to address
sources of land-based pollution (solid waste, plastic, wastewater etc.) in cities▪ mainstream in the design of SWM projects: to include measures for building the capacity of urban
institutions, improving urban policy and governance, and citizens engagement in SWM; and adopting
circular economy principles▪ mobilize more resources through trust funds and promote partnerships with external stakeholders toexpand financing, capacity development, and knowledge sharing/dissemination for SWM▪ engage in city-to-city partnerships to foster knowledge and experience sharing for sustainable SWM
practices with cities in ADB’s DMCs

▪ engage in medium- to long-term to support system development, capacity enhancement, andsustainability; identify workable solutions for step-wise improvement
18

Thank youINTERNAL. This information is accessible to ADB Management and staff. It may be shared outside ADB with appropriate permission.