Please refer to the definition file.

761. They felt down because they didn’t win the game.
2. I was a fish out of water when I visited their place.
3. His parents are dead so he just stood on his own feet.
4. She laughed her head off when he said something funny.
5. They have a long-distance relationship.
6. A few pages fell out of the book.
7. They broke up because their relationship didn’t work anymore.
8. He got a grip on the condition of their relationship.
9. They usually travel together.
10. Their travel was full of fun.
11. I supported his teaching career.
12. She had a good cry last night.

77

1. They felt down because they lost the game.
2. We felt down because they lost the game.
3. We felt down because we lost the game.
4. We felt down because we lost the money.
5. We felt down because they lost the money.
6. They felt down because they lost the money.

78

1. They have a relationship. Repeat.
2. They have a relationship. Add: long-distance. --- [They have a long-distance
relationship.]
3. They have a long-distance relationship. Change: we. --- [We have a longdistance relationship.]
4. We have a long-distance relationship. Change: I. --- [I have a long-distance
relationship.]
5. I have a long-distance relationship. Change: friendship. --- [I have a longdistance friendship.]
6. I have a long-distance friendship. Add: with him. --- [I have a long-distancefriendship with him.]
7. I have a long-distance friendship with him. Transform: who. --- [Who has along-distance friendship with him?]

79

1. We broke up because of distance. Repeat.
2. We broke up because of distance. Change: they. --- [They broke up becauseof distance.]
3. They broke up because of distance. Change: problems. --- [They broke up
because of problems.]
4. They broke up because of problems. Change: challenges. --- [They broke up
because of challenges.]
5. They broke up because of challenges. Change: him. --- [They broke up
because of him.]
6. They broke up because of him. Change: them. --- [They broke up because ofthem.]80

1. They travel together. Repeat.
2. They travel together. Add: usually. --- [They usually travel together.]
3. They usually travel together. Change: sometimes. --- [They sometimes travel
together.]
4. They sometimes travel together. Add: with their friends. --- [They sometimes
travel together with their friends.]
5. Their travel was fun. Repeat.
6. Their travel was fun. Add: full of. --- [Their travel was full of fun.]7. Their travel was full of fun. Change: excitement. --- [Their travel was full of
excitement.]
8. Their travel was full of excitement. Change: our. --- [Our travel was full of
excitement.]
9. Our travel was full of excitement. Change: challenges. --- [Our travel was fullof challenges.]
10. Our travel was full of challenges. Add: and fun. --- [Our travel was full ofchallenges and fun.]81

1. A few pages fell out of the book. Repeat.
2. A few pages fell out of the book. Change: my. --- [A few pages fell out of mybook.]
3. A few pages fell out of my book. Change: many. --- [Many pages fell out of mybook.]
4. Many pages fell out of my book. Add: last night. --- [Many pages fell out of mybook last night.]
5. His hair fell out. Repeat.
6. His hair fell out. Add: and teeth. --- [His hair and teeth fell out.]
7. His hair and teeth fell out. Change: my friend’s. --- [My friend’s hair and teeth
fell out.]
8. My friend’s hair and teeth fell out. Add: because he’s sick. --- [My friend’s hairand teeth fell out because he’s sick.]82

1. He stands on his own feet. Repeat.
2. He stands on his own feet. Add: needs to. --- [He needs to stand on his own
feet.]
3. He needs to stand on his own feet. Add: because his parents are dead. --- [Heneeds to stand on his own feet because his parents are dead.]
4. He needs to stand on his own feet because his parents are dead. Add:
already. --- [He needs to stand on his own feet because his parents are alreadydead.]

83

1. She had a good cry last night. Repeat.
2. She had a good cry last night. Change: I. --- [I had a good cry last night.]
3. I had a good cry last night. Add: because of the movie. --- [I had a good crylast night because of the movie.]
4. The people heard the mother’s cry for help. Repeat.
5. The people heard the mother’s cry for help. Change: they. --- [They heard themother’s cry for help.]
6. They heard the mother’s cry for help. Change: man. --- [They heard the man’s
cry for help.]
7. “They heard the man’s cry for help.” What does the word “cry” mean? --[The word “cry” means a loud call or shout.]
8. They heard the man’s cry for help. Transform: who. --- [Who heard the man’s
cry for help?]84

1. My family supported me in my career. Repeat.
2. My family supported me in my career. Add: always. --- [My family always
supported me in my career.]
3. My family always supported me in my career. Add: teaching. --- [My family
always supported me in my teaching career.]
4. My family always supported me in my teaching career. Transform: who. --[Who always supported me in my teaching career?]
5. My family always supported me in my teaching career. Change: they. --[They always supported me in my teaching career.]
6. They always supported me in my teaching career. Change: business. --[They always supported me in my business.]85

1. I was a fish out of water when I visited their place. Repeat.
2. I was a fish out of water when I visited their place. Change: went. --- [I was afish out of water when I went to their place.]
3. I was a fish out of water when I went to their place. Change: his. --- [I was afish out of water when I went to his place.]
4. I was a fish out of water when I went to his place. Change: house. --- [I was afish out of water when I went to his house.]
5. I was a fish out of water when I went to his house. Change: she. --- [She was afish out of water when she went to his house.]
6. She was a fish out of water when she went to his house. Change: office. --[She was a fish out of water when she went to his office.]
7. She was a fish out of water when she went to his office. Change: he. --- [He
was a fish out of water when he went to his office.]861. They get a grip on the challenge. Repeat.
2. They get a grip on the challenge. Change: problem. --- [They get a grip on the
problem.]
3. They get a grip on the problem. Add: business. --- [They get a grip on thebusiness problem.]
4. They get a grip on the business problem. Change: their. --- [They get a gripon their business problem.]
5. They get a grip on their business problem. Change: family. --- [They get a gripon their family problem.]
6. They get a grip on their family problem. Transform: who. --- [Who gets a gripon their family problem?]87

1. She laughed her head off when the man said something funny. Repeat.
2. She laughed her head off when the man said something funny. Change:
woman. --- [She laughed her head off when the woman said something funny.]
3. She laughed her head off when the woman said something funny. Change:
he. --- [He laughed his head off when the woman said something funny.]
4. He laughed his head off when the woman said something funny. Change:
they. --- [They laughed their heads off when the woman said something funny.]
5. They laughed their heads off when the woman said something funny.
Change: boy. --- [They laughed their heads off when the boy said something
funny.]

88

1. What does the idiom get a grip mean?
The idiom get a grip means --- [The idiom get a grip means to understand how
to deal with something.]
2. What does the idiom feel down mean?
The idiom feel down means --- [The idiom feel down means to feel unhappy ordepressed.]
3. What does the idiom laugh one’s head off mean?
The idiom laugh one’s head off means --- [The idiom laugh one’s head offmeans laugh heartily or uncontrollably.]
4. What does the idiom fish out of water mean?
The idiom fish out of water means --- [The idiom fish out of water means
someone who is uncomfortable in a particular situation.]
5. What does the idiom break up mean?
The idiom break up means --- [The idiom break up means end a relationship.]89

1. Have you ever felt like a fish out of water? When?
2. When was the last time you felt down?
3. Do you always get a grip on your problems? Why or why not?
4. Do you think distance makes a difference in a relationship?
5. What are the usual reasons for relationships to break up?
6. Where do you usually travel?

90

91

92

93

94

1. His enthusiasm for music has stayed strong since he was young.
2. She seemed to be enthusiastic about the movie.
3. A person’s religion focuses on the spiritual side of life.
4. Crossing the street with an adult is a logical thing to do.
5. He is very polite to their customers.
6. The child’s toys are made of tough plastic.
7. My friend is a tough woman.
8. Many terrorists were killed by their own bombs.
9. Our president has a lot of supporters.
10. Her child was taught not to talk to strangers.

95

1. He is kind to their customers. Repeat.
2. He is kind to their customers. Change: polite. --- [He is polite to theircustomers.]
3. He is polite to their customers. Change: they. --- [They are polite to theircustomers.]
4. They are polite to their customers. Change: teachers. --- [They are polite totheir teachers.]
5. They are polite to their teachers. Change: parents. --- [They are polite to theirparents.]
6. They are polite to their parents. Change: manager. --- [They are polite to their
manager.]96

1. The tourists in the Philippines love to go to the beaches.
2. Unemployment is common in some countries.
3. My friend is still unemployed.
4. The weight of this table is 10 kilograms.
5. The table weighs 10 kilograms.
6. I’m not sick; I am well.
7. Wild animals are dangerous.
8. The workers are willing to stay for the conference.
9. There are a lot of beaches in my country.
10. The people in my city are super friendly.

97

1. Unemployment is common in some countries. Repeat.
2. Unemployment is common in some countries. Change: my. --[Unemployment is common in my country.]
3. Unemployment is common in my country. Add: very. --- [Unemployment isvery common in my country.]
4. Unemployment is very common in my country. Change: super. --[Unemployment is super common in my country.]
5. My friend is unemployed. Repeat.
6. My friend is unemployed. Add: still. --- [My friend is still unemployed.]
7. My friend is still unemployed. Add: I. --- [My friend and I are still unemployed.]
8. My friend and I are still unemployed. Change: have been. --- [My friend and I
have been unemployed.]
9. My friend and I have been unemployed. Add: since last year. --- [My friend
and I have been unemployed since last year.]
10. My friend and I have been unemployed since last year. Change: month. --[My friend and I have been unemployed since last month.]98

1. They have a relationship. Repeat.
2. They have a relationship. Add: long-distance. [They have a long-distance
relationship.]
3. They have a long-distance relationship. Change: we. [We have a longdistance relationship.]
4. We have a long-distance relationship. Change: I. [I have a long-distance
relationship.]
5. I have a long-distance relationship. Change: friendship. [I have a longdistance friendship.]
6. I have a long-distance friendship. Add: with him. [I have a long-distancefriendship with him.]
7. I have a long-distance friendship with him. Transform: who. [Who has a longdistance friendship with him?]99

1. A person’s religion focuses on the spiritual side of life. Repeat.
2. A person’s religion focuses on the spiritual side of life. Transform: what. --[What does a person’s religion focus on?]
3. My friend’s spiritual life is strong. Repeat.
4. My friend’s spiritual life is strong. Transform: whose. --- [Whose spiritual life
is strong?]
5. The child’s toys are made of tough plastic. Repeat.
6. The child’s toys are made of tough plastic. Transform: what. --- [What is madeof tough plastic?]
7. The child’s toys are made of tough plastic. Transform: whose. --- [Whose
toys are made of tough plastic?]
8. A terrorist was killed by his own bomb yesterday. Repeat.
9. A terrorist was killed by his own bomb yesterday. Transform: who. --- [Whowas killed by his own bomb yesterday?]
10. A terrorist was killed by his own bomb yesterday. Transform: when. --[When was a terrorist killed by his own bomb?]
11. A terrorist was killed by his own bomb yesterday. Transform: what. --- [Whatkilled a terrorist yesterday?]100[1. A person is not allowed to drive | when he is drunk.][2. There’s a new building in my city | for elderly people.][3. Are the young people in your town polite | to elderly people? ⤴][4. It’s logical for children to cross the street | with an adult.][5. His enthusiasm for teaching | has affected me very much.]101

1. We spent the holiday on the beach. Repeat.
2. We spent the holiday on the beach. Change: they. --- [They spent the holiday
on the beach.]
3. They spent the holiday on the beach. Change: the tourists. --- [The tourists
spent the holiday on the beach.]
4. The tourists spent the holiday on the beach. Add: last week. --- [The tourists
spent the holiday on the beach last week.]
5. The tourists spent the holiday on the beach last week. Transform: who. --[Who spent the holiday on the beach last week?]
6. The tourists spent the holiday on the beach last week. Transform: when. --[When did the tourists spend the holiday on the beach?]102

1. We broke up because of distance. Repeat.
2. We broke up because of distance. Change: they. --- [They broke up becauseof distance.]
3. They broke up because of distance. Change: problems. --- [They broke up
because of problems.]
4. They broke up because of problems. Change: challenges. --- [They broke up
because of challenges.]
5. They broke up because of challenges. Change: him. --- [They broke up
because of him.]
6. They broke up because of him. Change: them. --- [They broke up because ofthem.]

103

1. What does the idiom get a grip mean?
The idiom get a grip means --- [The idiom get a grip means to understand how
to deal with something.]
2. What does the idiom feel down mean?
The idiom feel down means --- [The idiom feel down means to feel unhappy ordepressed.]
3. What does the idiom laugh one’s head off mean?
The idiom laugh one’s head off means --- [The idiom laugh one’s head offmeans laugh heartily or uncontrollably.]
4. What does the idiom fish out of water mean?
The idiom fish out of water means --- [The idiom fish out of water means
someone who is uncomfortable in a particular situation.]
5. What does the idiom break up mean?
The idiom break up means --- [The idiom break up means end a relationship.]104

1. Are there wild animals in your country?
2. Are you always willing to stay late in the office to finish your task?
3. Are there tourists in your country?
4. What are the tourist spots in your country?
5. Do you think unemployment is a problem?
6. Do you like going to beaches? Why?
7. Do you have beautiful beaches in your town?

105

1. I was a fish out of water when I visited their place.
2. His enthusiasm for music has stayed strong since he was young.
3. The workers are willing to stay for the conference.
4. They broke up because their relationship didn’t work anymore.
5. Crossing the street with an adult is a logical thing to do.
6. Unemployment is common in some countries.
7. He got a grip on the condition of their relationship.
8. Many terrorists were killed by their own bombs.

106Relative clauses are clauses starting with the relative pronouns who, that, andwhich.
We put the relative clauses right after the noun it describes.
Examples: “The bag that is on the floor is mine”, “The man who is wearing
glasses is my teacher”,“The apple which I bought is in the fridge”, “The activity which we attended wasfun”, etc.
We use “who” for people, “which” for things and animals, and “that” forpeople, things and animals.

107

1. The bag that is on the floor is mine.
2. The bag which is on the floor is mine.
3. The man who is wearing a red shirt is my friend.
4. The man that is wearing a red shirt is my friend.
5. The dog which is in the room is ours.
6. The dog that is in the room is ours.

1081. The bag that is on the floor is mine. Repeat.
2. The bag that is on the floor is mine. Change: which. --- [The bag which is on
the floor is mine.]
3. The bag which is on the floor is mine. Change: pen. --- [The pen which is on
the floor is mine.]
4. The pen which is on the floor is mine. Change: books. --- [The books which
are on the floor are mine.]
5. The books which are on the floor are mine. Change: shoes. --- [The shoes
which are on the floor are mine.]
6. The shoes which are on the floor are mine. Change: that. --- [The shoes thatare on the floor are mine.]
7. The shoes that are on the floor are mine. Change: yours. --- [The shoes thatare on the floor are yours.]109

1. The lady who is wearing a dress is my friend. Repeat.
2. The lady who is wearing a dress is my friend. Change: woman. --- [Thewoman who is wearing a dress is my friend.]
3. The woman who is wearing a dress is my friend. Add: white. --- [The woman
who is wearing a white dress is my friend.]
4. The woman who is wearing a white dress is my friend. Change: that. --- [Thewoman that is wearing a white dress is my friend.]
5. The woman that is wearing a white dress is my friend. Change: sister. --- [Thewoman that is wearing a white dress is my sister.]
6. The woman that is wearing a white dress is my sister. Change: red. --- [Thewoman that is wearing a red dress is my sister.]
7. The woman that is wearing a red dress is my sister. Change: lady. --- [Thelady that is wearing a red dress is my sister.]
8. The lady that is wearing a red dress is my sister. Change: who. --- [The lady
who is wearing a red dress is my sister.]110

1. The dog which is in the room is ours. Repeat.
2. The dog which is in the room is ours. Change: cat. --- [The cat which is in theroom is ours.]
3. The cat which is in the room is ours. Change: that. --- [The cat that is in theroom is ours.]
4. The cat that is in the room is ours. Change: yours. --- [The cat that is in theroom is yours.]
5. The cat that is in the room is yours. Add: small. --- [The small cat that is in theroom is yours.]
6. The small cat that is in the room is yours. Change: house. --- [The small catthat is in the house is yours.]
7. The small cat that is in the house is yours. Change: which. --- [The small cat
which is in the house is yours.]
8. The small cat which is in the house is yours. Change: cats. --- [The small cats
which are in the house are yours.]111

1. He was the man that I talked to last night. Repeat.
2. He was the man that I talked to last night. Change: woman. --- [She was thewoman that I talked to last night.]
3. She was the woman that I talked to last night. Change: week. --- [She was thewoman that I talked to last week.]
4. She was the woman that I talked to last week. Change: who. --- [She was thewoman who I talked to last week.]
5. She was the woman who I talked to last week. Change: teacher. --- [She was
the teacher who I talked to last week.]
6. She was the teacher who I talked to last week. Change: met. --- [She was theteacher who I met last week.]
7. She was the teacher who I met last week. Change: yesterday. --- [She was theteacher who I met yesterday.]
8. She was the teacher who I met yesterday. Change: that. --- [She was theteacher that I met yesterday]112[1. The apple which / that is on the table is mine.][2. They were the people who / that I wanted to see yesterday.][3. I saw three children who / that were crossing the street this morning.][4. The two red horses which / that are on the farm are owned by my friend.][5. The man who / that is across the building is my father.][6. The red dress which / that my mother bought is in my room.]113[1. She was the woman that I talked to last night.][2. The shoes which are on the floor are mine.][3. The lady who is wearing a red dress is my sister.][4. The dog which is in the room is ours.][5. I borrowed the book that is on the table from my friend.]114[1. He was the man that I talked to | last night.][2. The woman that is wearing a white dress | is my sister.][3. The small cats which are in the house | are yours.][4. She was the teacher who I met | last week.][5. She was the woman that I talked to | last week.]

115

The relative pronouns who, which and that can be used as subject and object
pronouns.
If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, the relative pronoun is a subject
relative pronoun.
Subject-relative pronouns must always be used. For example, “The lady whotalked to me yesterday was wearing a red dress”,“The dog which is lying on the floor is mine”, etc. The relative pronouns in thetwo sentences cannot be dropped or omitted because they are subject-relative
pronouns.
If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb but by a noun or a pronoun, therelative pronoun is an object relative pronoun.
Unlike the subject relative pronouns, the object relative pronouns can be
dropped or omitted in sentences.
For example, “The man who I talked to last night was my teacher” or “The man I
talked to last night was my teacher”; “The dress which she bought was verynice” or “The dress she bought was very nice”, etc. The sentences above arecorrect with or without the object relative pronouns.

116

1. The man that was talking to me was my teacher.
2. The man who was talking to me was my teacher.
3. The bag that is on the floor is mine.
4. The bag which is on the floor is mine.
5. The lady that is wearing a dress is beautiful.
6. The lady who is wearing a dress is beautiful.

1171. The lady that is wearing a dress is beautiful. Repeat.
2. The lady that is wearing a dress is beautiful. Change: who. --- [The lady who
is wearing a dress is beautiful.]
3. The lady who is wearing a dress is beautiful. Change: woman. --- [The woman
who is wearing a dress is beautiful.]
4. The woman who is wearing a dress is beautiful. Change: pretty. --- [Thewoman who is wearing a dress is pretty.]
5. The woman who is wearing a dress is pretty. Change: girls. --- [The girls who
are wearing dresses are pretty.]
6. The girls who are wearing dresses are pretty. Change: friendly. --- [The girls
who are wearing dresses are friendly.]
7. The girls who are wearing dresses are friendly. Change: polite. --- [The girls
who are wearing dresses are polite.]118

1. The man who I was talking to was my teacher.
2. The man that I was talking to was my teacher.
3. The man I was talking to was my teacher.
4. The dress which I bought is very nice.
5. The dress that I bought is very nice.
6. The dress I bought is very nice.

119

1. The man I was talking to was my teacher. Repeat.
2. The man I was talking to was my teacher. Change: friend. --- [The man I was
talking to was my friend.]
3. The man I was talking to was my friend. Add: who. --- [The man who I was
talking to was my friend.]
4. The man who I was talking to was my friend. Change: father. --- [The man who
I was talking to was my father.]
5. The man who I was talking to was my father. Change: that. --- [The man that I
was talking to was my father.]
6. The man that I was talking to was my father. Change: brother. --- [The manthat I was talking to was my brother.]
7. The man that I was talking to was my brother. Change: boy. --- [The boy that I
was talking to was my brother.]
8. The boy that I was talking to was my brother. Add: yesterday. --- [The boy that
I was talking to yesterday was my brother.]120

1. “The lady who is wearing a dress is beautiful.” The word “who” is a subjectrelative pronoun. --- [correct]
2. “The dress which I bought yesterday was nice.” The word “which” is anobject-relative pronoun. --- [correct]
3. “The activity which happened last night was enjoyable.” The word “which” isan object-relative pronoun. --- [incorrect – subject relative pronoun]
4. “She was the person who I loved before.” The word “who” is a subjectrelative pronoun. --- [incorrect – object relative pronoun]
5. “The man that was talking to me was my teacher.” The word “that” is asubject-relative pronoun. --- [correct]
6. “The man that I was talking to was my teacher.” The word “that” is a subjectrelative pronoun. --- [incorrect – object relative pronoun]
7. The dog that is lying on the floor is ours. The word “that” is an object-relative
pronoun. --- [incorrect – subject relative pronoun]
8. The apples which I put in the fridge are expensive. The word “which” is anobject-relative pronoun. --- [correct]

121

1. The shoes I am wearing now are new. Repeat.
2. The shoes I am wearing now are new. Add: which. --- [The shoes which I am
wearing now are new.]
3. The shoes which I am wearing now are new. Change: that. --- [The shoes that
I am wearing now are new.]
4. The shoes that I am wearing now are new. Change: old. --- [The shoes that I
am wearing now are old.]
5. The shoes that I am wearing now are old. Identify the relative pronoun. --[object relative pronoun]
6. The shoes that were given to me are new. Repeat.
7. The shoes that were given to me are new. Change: which. --- [The shoes
which were given to me are new.]
8. The shoes which were given to me are new. Change: dress. --- [The dress
which was given to me is new.]
9. The dress which was given to me is new. Change: expensive. --- [The dress
which was given to me is expensive.]
10. The dress which was given to me was expensive. Identify the relative
pronoun. --- [subject relative pronoun]122[1. The apples which I put in the fridge | are expensive.][2. The boy that I was talking to yesterday | was my brother.][3. The shoes that I am wearing now | are new and expensive.][4. The activity which happened last night | was enjoyable.]1231. The lady who is wearing a dress is beautiful. --- [subject relative pronoun]
2. The dress which I bought yesterday was nice. --- [object relative pronoun]
3. She was the person who I loved before. --- [object relative pronoun]
4. The activity which happened last night was enjoyable. --- [subject relative
pronoun]5. The man that was talking to me was my teacher. --- [subject relative pronoun]
6. The man that I was talking to was my teacher. [object relative pronoun]
7. The dog that is lying on the floor is ours. [subject relative pronoun]
8. The apples which I put in the fridge are expensive. [object relative pronoun]

124

Please refer to the definition file.

125

1. She was full of disappointment when her son lost the game.
2. He got his mother down when he failed his exam.
3. He was able to pull himself together after the death of his wife.
4. My friend managed to finish his studies.
5. The man gave her flowers to cheer her up.
6. She cheered up because of the gifts she received.
7. She took medicine to relieve the pain she felt.
8. My mother has always cared about me.
9. He is just a typical student.
10. Her parents have always relied on her ability to succeed.
11. Something bad happened to my enemy, and I couldn’t care less.
12. I told him what to do but it just went in one ear and out the other.

126

1. relieve
2. typical
3. rely
4. cheer up
5. pull oneself together
6. couldn’t care less127

1. He is just a typical student. Repeat.
2. He is just a typical student. Change: she. --- [She is just a typical student.]
3. She is just a typical student. Change: worker. --- [She is just a typical worker.]
4. She is just a typical worker. Add: in the company. --- [She is just a typical
worker in the company.]
5. She is just a typical worker in the company. Change: woman. --- [She is just atypical woman in the company.]
6. She is just a typical woman in the company. Change: employee. --- [She isjust a typical employee in the company.]128

1. My mother has always cared about me. Repeat.
2. My mother has always cared about me. Change: his. --- [His mother has
always cared about me.]3. His mother has always cared about me. Change: them. --- [His mother has
always cared about them.]
4. His mother has always cared about them. Change: father. --- [His father has
always cared about them.]
5. His father has always cared about them. Change: their business. --- [Hisfather has always cared about their business.]
6. His father has always cared about their business. Change: work. --- [Hisfather has always cared about their work.]
7. His father has always cared about their work. Change: career. --- [His father
has always cared about their career.]129

1. Something happened to my enemy. Repeat.
2. Something happened to my enemy. Add: bad. --- [Something bad happened
to my enemy.]
3. Something bad happened to my enemy. Add: I couldn’t care less. --[Something bad happened to my enemy; I couldn’t care less.]
4. Something bad happened to my enemy; I couldn’t care less. Add: and. --[Something bad happened to my enemy and I couldn’t care less.]
5. Something bad happened to my enemy and I couldn’t care less. Add:
yesterday. --- [Something bad happened to my enemy yesterday, and I couldn’t
care less.]130

1. The man gave her flowers to cheer her up. Repeat.
2. The man gave her flowers to cheer her up. Change: chocolates. --- [The man
gave her chocolates to cheer her up.]
3. The man gave her chocolates to cheer her up. Change: him. --- [The man
gave him chocolates to cheer him up.]
4. She cheered up because of the chocolates she received. Repeat.
5. She cheered up because of the chocolates she received. Change: flowers. --[She cheered up because of the flowers she received.]
6. She cheered up because of the flowers she received. Change: gifts. --- [Shecheered up because of the gifts she received.]
7. She cheered up because of the gifts she received. Change: they. --- [Theycheered up because of the gifts they received.]
8. They cheered up because of the gifts they received. Change: I. --- [I cheered
up because of the gifts I received.]131

1. My friend managed to finish his studies. Repeat.
2. My friend managed to finish his studies. Change: task. --- [My friend managed
to finish his task.]
3. My friend managed to finish his task. Change: pull himself together. --- [Myfriend managed to pull himself together.]
4. My friend managed to pull himself together. Add: when his cousin died. --[My friend managed to pull himself together when his cousin died.]
5. My friend managed to pull himself together when his cousin died. Change:
left. --- [My friend managed to pull himself together when his cousin left.]
6. My friend managed to pull himself together when his cousin left. Add: forEngland. --- [My friend managed to pull himself together when his cousin left for
England.]132

1. Her parents relied on her. Repeat.
2. Her parents relied on her. Add: have always. --- [Her parents have always
relied on her.]
3. Her parents have always relied on her. Add: ability. --- [Her parents havealways relied on her ability.]
4. Her parents have always relied on her ability. Add: to succeed. --- [Herparents have always relied on her ability to succeed.]
5. Her parents have always relied on her ability to succeed. Change: my, my. --[My parents have always relied on my ability to succeed.]
6. My parents have always relied on my ability to succeed. Transform: who. --[Who has always relied on my ability to succeed?]133

1. She took medicine. Repeat.
2. She took medicine. Add: some. --- [She took some medicine.]
3. She took some medicine. Add: to relieve the pain. --- [She took somemedicine to relieve the pain.]
4. She took some medicine to relieve the pain. Add: yesterday. --- [She took
some medicine yesterday to relieve the pain.]
5. She took some medicine yesterday to relieve the pain. Add: in order. --- [Shetook some medicine yesterday in order to relieve the pain.]
6. She took some medicine yesterday in order to relieve the pain. Add: she felt.
--- [She took some medicine yesterday in order to relieve the pain she felt.]134

1. She was full of joy when her son won the game. Repeat.
2. She was full of joy when her son won the game. Change: he. --- [He was fullof joy when his son won the game.]
3. He was full of joy when his son won the game. Change: disappointment, lost.
--- [He was full of disappointment when his son lost the game.]
4. He was full of disappointment when his son lost the game. Change: they. --[They were full of disappointment when their son lost the game.]
5. They were full of disappointment when their son lost the game. Change:daughter. --- [They were full of disappointment when their daughter lost thegame.]
6. They were full of disappointment when their daughter lost the game. Change:
sister. --- [They were full of disappointment when their sister lost the game.]1351. He got his mother down. Repeat.
2. He got his mother down. Change: I, my. --- [I got my mother down.]
3. I got my mother down. Add: when I failed the exam. --- [I got my mother downwhen I failed the exam.]
4. I got my mother down when I failed the exam. Add: father. --- [I got my motherand father down when I failed the exam.]
5. I got my mother and father down when I failed the exam. Change: test. --- [Igot my mother and father down when I failed the test.]
6. I got my mother and father down when I failed the test. Change: parents. --- [Igot my parents down when I failed the test.]
7. I got my parents down when I failed the test. Change: friends. --- [I got myfriends down when I failed the test.]1361. I told him what to do, but it just went in one ear and out the other. Repeat.
2. I told him what to do, but it just went in one ear and out the other. Change:her.
--- [I told her what to do, but it just went in one ear and out the other.]
3. I told her what to do, but it just went in one ear and out the other. Change:them.
--- [I told them what to do, but it just went in one ear and out the other.]
4. I told them what to do, but it just went in one ear and out the other. Change:
the teacher.
--- [The teacher told them what to do, but it just went in one ear and out theother.]
5. The teacher told them what to do, but it just went in one ear and out theother. Change: me.
--- [The teacher told me what to do, but it just went in one and out the other.]137

[1. I told him what to do, | but it just went in one ear | and out the other.][2. Something bad happened to my enemy, | and I couldn’t care less.][3. He was able to pull himself together | after the death of his wife.][4. She took some medicine yesterday | in order to relieve the pain she felt.][5. My friend managed to pull himself together | when his cousin left for
England.]138

1. How do you pull yourself together when you have a problem?
2. Who usually cheers you up when you’re sad or disappointed?
3. Have you got someone down?
4. What has recently disappointed you?
5. What are the typical problems that young people have these days?

139

140

141

142

1. The bag that is on the floor is mine.
2. The bag which is on the floor is mine.
3. The man who is wearing a red shirt is my friend.
4. The man that is wearing a red shirt is my friend.
5. The dog which is in the room is ours.
6. The dog that is in the room is ours.

1431. The bag that is on the floor is mine. Repeat.
2. The bag that is on the floor is mine. Change: which. --- [The bag which is on
the floor is mine.]
3. The bag which is on the floor is mine. Change: pen. --- [The pen which is on
the floor is mine.]
4. The pen which is on the floor is mine. Change: books. --- [The books which
are on the floor are mine.]
5. The books which are on the floor are mine. Change: shoes. --- [The shoes
which are on the floor are mine.]
6. The shoes which are on the floor are mine. Change: that. --- [The shoes thatare on the floor are mine.]
7. The shoes that are on the floor are mine. Change: yours. --- [The shoes thatare on the floor are yours.]144[1. The apple which / that is on the table is mine.][2. They were the people who / that I wanted to see yesterday.][3. I saw three children who / that were crossing the street this morning.][4. The two red horses which / that are on the farm are owned by my friend.][5. The man who / that is across the building is my father.][6. The red dress which / that my mother bought is in my room.]145[1. He was the man that I talked to | last night.][2. The woman that is wearing a white dress | is my sister.][3. The small cats which are in the house | are yours.][4. She was the teacher who I met | last week.][5. She was the woman that I talked to | last week.]146

1. The man I was talking to was my teacher. Repeat.
2. The man I was talking to was my teacher. Change: friend. [The man I was
talking to was my friend.]
3. The man I was talking to was my friend. Add: who. [The man who I was
talking to was my friend.]
4. The man who I was talking to was my friend. Change: father. [The man who I
was talking to was my father.]
5. The man who I was talking to was my father. Change: that. [The man that I
was talking to was my father.]
6. The man that I was talking to was my father. Change: brother. [The man that I
was talking to was my brother.]
7. The man that I was talking to was my brother. Change: boy. [The boy that I
was talking to was my brother.]
8. The boy that I was talking to was my brother. Add: yesterday. [The boy that I
was talking to yesterday was my brother.]147

1. The lady who is wearing a dress is beautiful. --- [subject-relative pronoun]
2. The dress which I bought yesterday is nice. --- [object-relative pronoun]
3. She was the person who I loved before. --- [object-relative pronoun]
4. The activity which happened last night was enjoyable. --- [subject-relative
pronoun]5. The man that was talking to me was my teacher. --- [subject-relative pronoun]
6. The man that I was talking to is my teacher. --- [object-relative pronoun]
7. The dog that is lying on the floor is ours. --- [subject-relative pronoun]
8. The apples which I put in the fridge are expensive. --- [object-relative
pronoun]148

1. The man gave her flowers to cheer her up. Repeat.
2. The man gave her flowers to cheer her up. Change: chocolates. --- [The man
gave her chocolates to cheer her up.]
3. The man gave her chocolates to cheer her up. Change: him. --- [The man
gave him chocolates to cheer him up.]
4. She cheered up because of the chocolates she received. Repeat.
5. She cheered up because of the chocolates she received. Change: flowers. --[She cheered up because of the flowers she received.]
6. She cheered up because of the flowers she received. Change: gifts. ---[Shecheered up because of the gifts she received.]
7. She cheered up because of the gifts she received. Change: they. --- [Theycheered up because of the gifts they received.]
8. They cheered up because of the gifts they received. Change: I. --- [I cheered
up because of the gifts I received.]149

[1. I told him what to do, | but it just went in one ear | and out the other.][2. Something bad happened to my enemy | and I couldn’t care less.][3. He was able to pull himself together | after the death of his wife.][4. She took some medicine yesterday | in order to relieve the pain she felt.][5. My friend managed to pull himself together | when his cousin left for
England.]150

1. How do you pull yourself together when you have a problem?
2. Who usually cheers you up when you’re sad or disappointed?
3. Have you got someone down?
4. What has recently disappointed you?
5. What are the typical problems that young people have these days?

1511. The lady who is wearing a dress is my friend. Repeat.
2. The lady who is wearing a dress is my friend. Change: woman. --- [Thewoman who is wearing a dress is my friend.]
3. The woman who is wearing a dress is my friend. Add: white. --- [The woman
who is wearing a white dress is my friend.]
4. The woman who is wearing a white dress is my friend. Change: that. --- [Thewoman that is wearing a white dress is my friend.]
5. The woman that is wearing a white dress is my friend. Change: sister. --- [Thewoman that is wearing a white dress is my sister.]
6. The woman that is wearing a white dress is my sister. Change: red. --- [Thewoman that is wearing a red dress is my sister.]
7. The woman that is wearing a red dress is my sister. Change: lady. --- [Thelady that is wearing a red dress is my sister.]
8. The lady that is wearing a red dress is my sister. Change: who. --- [The lady
who is wearing a red dress is my sister.]152

[1. The apples which I put in the fridge | are expensive.][2. The boy that I was talking to yesterday | was my brother.][3. The shoes that I am wearing now | are new and expensive.][4. The activity which happened last night | was enjoyable.]1531. The bag that is on the floor is mine.
Change: which --- [The bag which is on the floor is mine.]
2. The pen which is on the floor is mine.
Change: books --- [The books which are on the floor are mine.]
3. The shoes which are on the floor are mine.
Change: that --- [The shoes that are on the floor are mine.]
4. The cat that is in the room is ours.
Change: yours --- [The cat that is in the room is yours.]
5. She was the woman that I talked to last night.
Change: week --- [She was the woman that I talked to last week.]
6. I told him what to do but it just went in one ear and out the other.
Change: her --- [I told her what to do but it just went in one ear and out theother.]

154

Please refer to the definition file.

1551. She blacked out right after the accident.
2. We finally had a serious talk last night; that was a load off my mind.
3. He is really into music and movies.
4. I can’t make head or tail of what he said to me last night.
5. She filled the glass up with water.
6. I can’t tell you the problem; my lips are sealed.
7. To know English grammar is important.
8. My friend likes to write poems.
9. Her favorite poet is William Shakespeare.
10. He is famous for his love of poetry.
11. My sister likes to write essays.
12. She usually drops off when she listens to music.

156

[1. She blacked out | right after the accident.][2. We finally had a serious talk last night; | that was a load off my mind.][3. She usually drops off | when she listens to music.][4. She filled the glass up | with water.][5. He filled the two glasses up | with orange juice.][6. I can’t make head or tail of what he said to me | last night.]

157

1. She is interested in reading books. Repeat.
2. She is interested in reading books. Change: my friend. --- [My friend isinterested in reading books.]
3. My friend is interested in reading books. Change: into. --- [My friend is into
reading books.]
4. My friend is into reading books. Change: poems. --- [My friend is into reading
poems.]
5. My friend is into reading poems. Change: writing. --- [My friend is into writing
poems.]
6. My friend is into writing poems. Change: sister. --- [My sister is into writing
poems.]
7. My sister is into writing poems. Change: essays. --- [My sister is into writing
essays.]8. My sister is into writing essays. Change: daughter. --- [My daughter is intowriting essays.]
9. My daughter is into writing essays. Change: his. --- [His daughter is intowriting essays.]
10. His daughter is into writing essays. Add: poems. --- [His daughter is intowriting essays and poems.]
11. His daughter is into writing essays and poems. Transform: who. --- [Who is
into writing essays and poems?]158

1. Her favorite poet is William Shakespeare. Repeat.
2. Her favorite poet is William Shakespeare. Change: his. --- [His favorite poet is
William Shakespeare.]
3. His favorite poet is William Shakespeare. Change: my. --- [My favorite poet is
William Shakespeare.]
4. My favorite poet is William Shakespeare. Change: your. --- [Your favorite poet
is William Shakespeare.]
5. He is famous for his love of poetry. Repeat.
6. He is famous for his love of poetry. Add: very. --- [He is very famous for his
love of poetry.]
7. He is very famous for his love of poetry. Transform: who. --- [Who is very
famous for his love of poetry?]
8. He is very famous for his love of poetry. Transform: past tense. --- [He wasvery famous for his love of poetry.]159

1. To know grammar is important. Repeat.
2. To know grammar is important. Add: English. --- [To know English grammar
is important.]
3. To know English grammar is important. Add: very. --- [To know English
grammar is very important.]
4. To know English grammar is very important. Add: for students. --- [To know
English grammar is very important for students.]160

1. She filled the glass up with water. Repeat.
2. She filled the glass up with water. Change: milk. --- [She filled the glass up
with milk.]
3. She filled the glass up with milk. Change: he. --- [He filled the glass up withmilk.]
4. He filled the glass up with milk. Change: juice. --- [He filled the glass up withjuice.]
5. He filled the glass up with juice. Add: orange. --- [He filled the glass up withorange juice.]
6. He filled the glass up with orange juice. Add: two. --- [He filled the two
glasses up with orange juice.]161

1. She blacked out right after the accident. Repeat.
2. She blacked out right after the accident. Change: he. --- [He blacked out rightafter the accident.]
3. He blacked out right after the accident. Change: the lady. --- [The lady
blacked out right after the accident.]
4. The lady blacked out right after the accident. Change: man. --- [The man
blacked out right after the accident.]
5. The man blacked out right after the accident. Change: woman. --- [Thewoman blacked out right after the accident.]
6. The woman blacked out right after the accident. Change: manager. --- [Themanager blacked out right after the accident.]162

1. She drops off when she listens to music. Repeat.
2. She drops off when she listens to music. Add: usually. --- [She usually drops
off when she listens to music.]
3. She usually drops off when she listens to music. Change: I. --- [I usually drop
off when I listen to music.]
4. I usually drop off when I listen to music. Change: watch a movie. --- [I usually
drop off when I watch a movie.]
5. I usually drop off when I watch a movie. Change: my sister. --- [My sister
usually drops off when she watches a movie.]
6. My sister usually drops off when she watches a movie. Add: sad. --- [Mysister usually drops off when she watches a sad movie.]

163

1. We had a talk. Repeat.
2. We had a talk. Add: last night. --- [We had a talk last night.]
3. We had a talk last night. Add: that was a load off my mind. --- [We had a talklast night; that was a load off my mind.]
4. We had a talk last night; that was a load off my mind. Add: finally. --- [Wefinally had a talk last night; that was a load off my mind.]
5. We finally had a talk last night; that was a load off my mind. Add: serious. --[We finally had a serious talk last night; that was a load off my mind.]1641. I can’t tell you his problem. Repeat.
2. I can’t tell you his problem. Add: my lips are sealed. --- [I can’t tell you his
problem; my lips are sealed.]
3. I can’t tell you his problem; my lips are sealed. Change: their. --- [I can’t tell
you their problem; my lips are sealed.]
4. I can’t tell you their problem; my lips are sealed. Add: big. --- [I can’t tell you
their big problem; my lips are sealed.]
5. I can’t tell you their big problem; my lips are sealed. Change: our. --- [I can’ttell you our big problem; my lips are sealed.]
6. I can’t tell you our big problem; my lips are sealed. Change: task. --- [I can’ttell you our big task; my lips are sealed.]165

1. His teaching was not clear. Repeat.
2. His teaching was not clear. Add: I don’t understand. --- [His teaching was notclear; I don’t understand.]
3. His teaching was not clear; I don’t understand. Change: I can’t make head or
tail of it. --- [His teaching was not clear; I can’t make head or tail of it.]
4. His teaching was not clear; I can’t make head or tail of it. Change: they. --[His teaching was not clear; they can’t make head or tail of it.]
5. I don’t understand what he said to me last night. Repeat.
6. I don’t understand what he said to me last night. Change: can’t make head or
tail of. --- [I can’t make head or tail of what he said to me last night.]
7. I can’t make head or tail of what he said to me last night. Change: we, us. --[We can’t make head or tail of what he said to us last night.]

166

1. What are you into?
2. Which do you prefer writing: poems or essays? Why?
3. When do we say “my lips are sealed”?
4. Do you sometimes drop off when you listen to music?
5. Do you consider yourself a poet? Why or why not?
6. Who is your favorite poet? Why?

167

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