Please refer to the definition file.

271

1. The man assured the lady that he was going to her party.
2. I will not dare to walk home alone in the evening.
3. He had a really good deal on his new car.
4. We only deal with companies which have a good record.
5. His father’s interest in the project declined when his mother died.
6. She declined the company’s job offer.
7. There’s a serious decline in sales this month.
8. She carefully tends her garden.

272

9. Children tend to be like their parents.
10. I waved my hand but he didn’t notice.
11. A notice is a written or printed announcement.
12. The man tried to persuade the lady to leave the country.
13. She could feel the soft ground beneath her feet.
14. There’s a small drawer beneath the table.
15. I suppose that my friend is now happy with her life.

273

1. I suppose she’s now happy. Repeat.
2. I suppose she’s now happy. Add: with her life. --- [I suppose she’s now happy
with her life.]
3. I suppose she’s now happy with her life. Add: very. --- [I suppose she’s now
very happy with her life.]
4. I suppose she’s now very happy with her life. Add: married. --- [I suppose
she’s now very happy with her married life.]274

1. There’s a small drawer beneath the table. Repeat.
2. There’s a small drawer beneath the table. Change: bed. --- [There’s a small
drawer beneath the bed.]
3. There’s a small drawer beneath the bed. Change: two. --- [There are two
drawers beneath the bed.]
4. There are two drawers beneath the bed. Change: table. --- [There are two
drawers beneath the table.]
5. There are two drawers beneath the table. Change: boxes. --- [There are twoboxes beneath the table.]
6. There are two boxes beneath the table. Change: three. --- [There are threeboxes beneath the table.]275

1. The man assured her that he was going to her party. Repeat.
2. The man assured her that he was going to her party. Change: woman. --- [Thewoman assured her that she was going to her party.]
3. The woman assured her that she was going to her party. Change: wedding. -- [The woman assured her that she was going to her wedding.]
4. The woman assured her that she was going to her wedding. Change:
manager. --- [The manager assured her that she was going to her wedding.]
5. The manager assured her that she was going to her wedding. Change: lady. -- [The lady assured her that she was going to her wedding.]
6. The lady assured her that she was going to her wedding. Change: him. --[The lady assured him that she was going to his wedding.]276

1. I will dare to walk home alone. Repeat.
2. I will dare to walk home alone. Add: in the evening. --- [I will dare to walkhome alone in the evening.]
3. I will dare to walk home alone in the evening. Change: she. --- [She will dare
to walk home alone in the evening.]
4. She will dare to walk home alone in the evening. Transform: negative. --- [Shewill not dare to walk home alone in the evening.]
5. She will not dare to walk home alone in the evening. Transform: past. --- [Shedid not dare to walk home alone in the evening.]
6. She did not dare to walk home alone in the evening. Transform: who. --- [Whodid not dare to walk home alone in the evening?]

277

1. His interest declined. Repeat.
2. His interest declined. Add: father’s. --- [His father’s interest declined.]
3. His father’s interest declined. Add: in the project. --- [His father’s interest in
the project declined.]
4. His father’s interest in the project declined. Add: when his mother died. --[His father’s interest in the project declined when his mother died.]
5. His father’s interest in the project declined when his mother died. Add: lastyear. --- [His father’s interest in the project declined when his mother died lastyear.]

278

1. She declined the company’s job offer. Repeat.
2. She declined the company’s job offer. Change: I. --- [I declined the company’s
job offer.]
3. I declined the company’s job offer. Change: we. --- [We declined thecompany’s job offer.]
4. There’s a serious decline in sales this month. Repeat.
5. There’s a serious decline in sales this month. Add: our company’s. --[There’s a serious decline in our company’s sales this month.]
6. There’s a serious decline in our company’s sales this month. Change: year. -- [There’s a serious decline in our company’s sales this year.]
7. There’s a serious decline in our company’s sales this year. Change: little. --[There’s a little decline in our company’s sales this year.]279

1. My sister tends her garden. Repeat.
2. My sister tends her garden. Add: carefully. --- [My sister carefully tends hergarden.]3. My sister carefully tends her garden. Add: and my mother. --- [My sister andmy mother carefully tend their garden.]
4. My sister and my mother carefully tend their garden. Add: younger. --- [Myyounger sister and my mother carefully tend their garden.]
5. Children tend to be like their parents. Repeat.
6. Children tend to be like their parents. Add: really. --- [Children tend to bereally like their parents.]
7. Children tend to be really like their parents. Add: young. --- [Young children
tend to be really like their parents.]280

1. The man persuaded the lady. Repeat.
2. The man persuaded the lady. Add: to leave. --- [The man persuaded the lady
to leave.]
3. The man persuaded the lady to leave. Add: the country. --- [The man
persuaded the lady to leave the country.]
4. The man persuaded the lady to leave the country. Add: tried. --- [The man
tried to persuade the lady to leave the country.]
5. The man tried to persuade the lady to leave the country. Add: and go to
America. --- [The man tried to persuade the lady to leave the country and go to
America.]281

1. I waved my hand but he didn’t notice. Repeat.
2. I waved my hand but he didn’t notice. Change: my friend. --- [My friend waved
her hand but he didn’t notice.]
3. My friend waved her hand but he didn’t notice. Change: called him. --- [Myfriend called him but he didn’t notice.]
4. My friend called him but he didn’t notice. Add: waved her hand. --- [My friend
waved her hand and called him but he didn’t notice.]
5. A notice is a written or printed announcement. Repeat.
6. A notice is a written or printed announcement. Transform: what. --- [What is a
notice?]7. What is a notice? --- [A notice is a written or printed announcement.]
8. Are there any notices on the walls of that building? --- [Yes, there are somenotices on the walls of this building.]

282

1. He had a really good deal on his new car. Repeat.
2. He had a really good deal on his new car. Change: house. --- [He had a really
good deal on his new house.]
3. He had a really good deal on his new house. Change: their family. --- [Theirfamily had a really good deal on their new house.]
4. Their family had a really good deal on their new house. Change: computers. -- [Their family had a really good deal on their new computers.]
5. We deal with companies which have a good record. Repeat.
6. We deal with companies which have a good record. Add: only. --- [We only
deal with companies which have a good record.]
7. We only deal with companies which have a good record. Change: they. --[They only deal with companies which have a good record.]
8. They only deal with companies which have a good record. Transform: what. -- [What companies do they only deal with?]
9. They only deal with companies which have a good record. Transform: futuretense. --- [They will only deal with companies which have a good record.]
10. They will only deal with companies which have a good record. Transform:
past tense. --- [They only dealt with companies which had a good record.]283

1. What can you see beneath your table?
2. Do you agree that children tend to be like their parents? Why or why not?
3. Have you ever tried to decline a job offer?
4. What do you suppose will happen to you 4 years from now?
5. Does your mother tend a garden at home?
6. Would you dare to walk home alone in the evening in my country?
7. Have you tried persuading people to do something?

284

Relative clauses add extra information to a sentence by defining a noun.
They are usually divided into two types – defining relative clauses and nondefining relative clauses.
1. Relative clauses with commas provide additional information which can beomitted; they are called “non-defining relative clauses”.
For example, “My father, who is 45 years old, goes swimming every day”.
“Who is 45 years old” is a non-defining relative clause in this sentence. It adds
extra information to the sentence.
2. Relative clauses without commas provide important information about the
subject or object; they arecalled “defining relative clauses”. For example, “The bag which she gave me
was very old”.

285

**NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES**
1. The lady, who is wearing a red blouse, is my friend.
2. My sister’s bag, which I don’t like, is very old.
3. My father, who is 45 years old, goes swimming everyday.
4. The book, which is thick, is expensive.
5. The house, which is across from our house, is very big.
6. That man, who is in their house, is my teacher.

286

**DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES**
1. The bag which she gave me was very old.
2. The book that he is reading is mine.
3. The lady who is wearing a red dress is my friend.
4. The company that I’m working for is very nice.
5. The task which they did was difficult.
6. My sister who helped me with my task got sick.

287

**NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES**
1. My father goes swimming. Repeat.
2. My father goes swimming. Add: who is 45 years old. --- [My father, who is 45
years old, goes swimming.]
3. My father, who is 45 years old, goes swimming. Change: mother. --- [Mymother, who is 45 years old, goes swimming.]
4. My mother, who is 45 years old, goes swimming. Add: every day. --- [Mymother, who is 45 years old, goes swimming every day.]
5. My mother, who is 45 years old, goes swimming every day. Change: running.
--- [My mother, who is 45 years old, goes running every day.]
6. My mother, who is 45 years old, goes running every day. Change: sister. --[My sister, who is 45 years old, goes running every day.]288

**DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES**
1. The bag she gave me was very old. Repeat.
2. The bag she gave me was very old. Add: which. --- [The bag which she gave
me was very old.]
3. The bag which she gave me was very old. Change: that. --- [The bag that she
gave me was very old.]
4. The bag that she gave me was very old. Change: blouse. --- [The blouse thatshe gave me was very old.]
5. The blouse that she gave me was very old. Change: nice. --- [The blouse thatshe gave me was very nice.]
6. The blouse that she gave me was very nice. Change: dress. --- [The dressthat she gave me was very nice.]289

[1. defining relative clause][2. non-defining relative clause][3. defining relative clause][4. non-defining relative clause][5. non-defining relative clause][6. defining relative clause]290

1. My brother goes swimming. Repeat.
2. My brother goes swimming. Add: who is 30 years old. --- [My brother, who is
30 years old, goes swimming.]
3. My brother, who is 30 years old, goes swimming. Add: every Friday. --- [Mybrother, who is 30 years old, goes swimming every Friday.]
4. My brother, who is 30 years old, goes swimming every Friday. Transform:
who. --- [Who goes swimming every Friday?]
5. My brother, who is 30 years old, goes swimming every Friday. Transform:
defining relative clause. --- [My brother who is 30 years old goes swimming
every Friday.]
6. My brother who is 30 years old goes swimming every Friday. Change:
running. --- [My brother who is 30 years old goes running every Friday.]
7. My brother who is 30 years old goes running every Friday. Question: Defining
or non-defining? --- [Defining relative clause.]291

1. The house which my father bought was expensive. Repeat.
2. The house which my father bought was expensive. Transform: what. --- [Whatdid my father buy which was expensive?]
3. The house which my father bought was expensive. Transform: who. --- [Whobought the house which was expensive?]
4. The computer that my sister uses is heavy. Repeat.
5. The computer that my sister uses is heavy. Transform: who. --- [Who uses
the computer that is heavy?]
6. The computer that my sister uses is heavy. Transform: what. --- [What does
my sister use that is heavy?]
7. The house, which is across from our house, is very big. Repeat.
8. The house, which is across from our house, is very big. Transform: defining
relative clause. --- [The house which is across our house is very big.]
9. The house which is across from our house is very big. Transform: where. --[Where is the house which is very big?]292

1. “I’m going to wear the dress that I bought yesterday.” has a non-defining
relative clause. --- [incorrect – defining relative clause]
2. “The dress, which I bought yesterday, was very long and nice.” has adefining relative clause. --- [incorrect – non-defining relative clause]
3. “The bag which she gave me was very big.” has a defining relative clause. --[correct]
4. “The bag, which she gave me, was very big.” has a defining relative clause. -- [incorrect – non-defining relative clause]
5. “My father, who is 45 years old, goes swimming every day.” has a nondefining relative clause. --- [correct]
6. “The man who is 45 years old goes swimming every day.” has a defining
relative clause. --- [correct]293

[1. I broke the computer that belonged to my father.][2. The fruit that isn’t fresh is on the table.][3. She loves reading books which have happy endings.][4. I live in a big house which is across from the green building.] [5. Iwill wear the red dress which is very nice tomorrow.]

294

295

Please refer to the definition file.

296

297

1. My sister likes eating biscuits.
2. I like potato salad.
3. He likes mushroom soup.
4. The manager can rely on her secretary to do well.
5. My friend predicted that it’s going to rain this afternoon.
6. She reckoned that he was going to attend the party.
7. My friend’s parents already approved their wedding next year.

298

8. They needed the approval of their parents.
9. There’s a risk of an accident happening in this place.
10. It was a shock that they already broke up last year.
11. The criminal decided to spare her.
12. He knows the method inside out.
13. The student has learned the poem by heart.
14. The teacher carried on talking when the visitor arrived.

299

1. There’s a risk of an accident happening in that place.
2. There’s a risk of an accident happening in this place.
3. There’s a risk of an accident happening in my place.
4. There’s a risk of an accident happening in my town.
5. There’s a risk of an accident happening in my village.
6. There’s a risk of an accident happening in this village.
7. There’s a risk of an accident happening in this city.

300

1. My sister likes eating biscuits. Repeat.
2. My sister likes eating biscuits. Change: friend. --- [My friend likes eating
biscuits.]
3. My friend likes eating biscuits. Change: salad. --- [My friend likes eating
salad.]
4. My friend likes eating salad. Add: fruit. --- [My friend likes eating fruit salad.]
5. My friend likes eating fruit salad. Change: potato. --- [My friend likes eating
potato salad.]
6. My friend likes eating potato salad. Change: mother. --- [My mother likes
eating potato salad.]
7. My mother likes eating potato salad. Add: father. --- [My mother and father
like eating potato salad.]
8. My mother and father like eating potato salad. Change: mushroom. --- [Mymother and father like eating mushroom salad.]
9. My mother and father like eating mushroom salad. Change: love. --- [Mymother and father love eating mushroom salad.]
10. My mother and father love eating mushroom salad. Transform: who. --[Who loves eating mushroom salad?]301

1. It was a shock they broke up. Repeat.
2. It was a shock they broke up. Add: last year. --- [It was a shock they broke up
last year.]
3. It was a shock they broke up last year. Add: already. --- [It was a shock they
already broke up last year.]
4. It was a shock they already broke up last year. Add: that. --- [It was a shockthat they already broke up last year.]
5. The criminal spared her. Repeat.
6. The criminal spared her. Add: decided to. --- [The criminal decided to spareher.]
7. The criminal decided to spare her. Add: and the boy. --- [The criminal decided
to spare her and the boy.]
8. The criminal decided to spare her and the boy. Add: little. --- [The criminal
decided to spare her and the little boy.]302

1. The manager can rely on her secretary. Repeat.
2. The manager can rely on her secretary. Change: I, my. --- [I can rely on mysecretary.]
3. I can rely on my secretary. Change: employees. --- [I can rely on myemployees.]
4. I can rely on my employees. Add: for good marketing. --- [I can rely on myemployees for good marketing.]
5. I can rely on my employees for good marketing. Add: always. --- [I can always
rely on my employees for good marketing.]
6. I always rely on my employees for good marketing. Repeat.
7. I always rely on my employees for good marketing. Transform: present
perfect. --- [I have always relied on my employees for good marketing.]
8. I have always relied on my employees for good marketing. Transform: pasttense. --- [I always relied on my employees for good marketing.]
9. I always relied on my employees for good marketing. Change: friend. --- [Ialways relied on my friend for good marketing.]303

1. The storm was predicted to reach our country tomorrow. Repeat.
2. The storm was predicted to reach our country tomorrow. Change: tonight. --[The storm was predicted to reach our country tonight.]
3. The storm was predicted to reach our country tonight. Change: today. --- [Thestorm was predicted to reach our country today.]
4. The storm was predicted to reach our country today. Change: enter. --- [Thestorm was predicted to enter our country today.]
5. The storm was predicted to enter our country today. Change: tomorrow. --[The storm was predicted to enter our country tomorrow.]
6. The storm was predicted to enter our country tomorrow. Change: your. --[The storm was predicted to enter your country tomorrow.]304

1. The teacher carried on talking. Repeat.
2. The teacher carried on talking. Change: woman. --- [The woman carried ontalking.]
3. The woman carried on talking. Add: when the visitor arrived. --- [The woman
carried on talking when the visitor arrived.]
4. The woman carried on talking when the visitor arrived. Transform: who. --[Who carried on talking when the visitor arrived?]
5. The woman carried on talking when the visitor arrived. Change: working. --[The woman carried on working when the visitor arrived.]
6. The woman carried on working when the visitor arrived. Change: came. --[The woman carried on working when the visitor came.]305

1. She thought that he was going to attend the party. Repeat.
2. She thought that he was going to attend the party. Change: believed. --- [Shebelieved that he was going to attend the party.]
3. She believed that he was going to attend the party. Change: reckoned. --[She reckoned that he was going to attend the party.]
4. She reckoned that he was going to attend the party. Change: conference. --[She reckoned that he was going to attend the conference.]
5. She reckoned that he was going to attend the conference. Change: meeting. -- [She reckoned that he was going to attend the meeting.]
6. She reckoned that he was going to attend the meeting. Change: he. --- [Hereckoned that he was going to attend the meeting.]

306

1. My friend’s parents already approved their wedding next year. Repeat.
2. My friend’s parents already approved their wedding next year. Change:
cousin’s. --- [My cousin’s parents already approved their wedding next year.]
3. My cousin’s parents already approved their wedding next year. Change:
vacation. --- [My cousin’s parents already approved their vacation next year.]
4. My cousin’s parents already approved their vacation next year. Change:month. --- [My cousin’s parents already approved their vacation next month.]
5. They needed their parents’ approval. Repeat.
6. They needed their parents’ approval. Change: we, our. --- [We needed ourparents’ approval.]
7. We needed our parents’ approval. Add: for our wedding. --- [We needed ourparents’ approval for our wedding.]
8. We needed our parents’ approval for our wedding. Transform: present tense.
--- [We need our parents’ approval for our wedding.]
9. We need our parents’ approval for our wedding. Add: next year. --- [We need
our parents’ approval for our wedding next year.]
10. We need our parents’ approval for our wedding next year. Change:
December. --- [We need our parents’ approval for our wedding next December.]307

1. The student has learned the poem by heart. Repeat.
2. The student has learned the poem by heart. Change: children. --- [Thechildren have learned the poem by heart.]
3. The children have learned the poem by heart. Add: clever. --- [The cleverchildren have learned the poem by heart.]
4. The clever children have learned the poem by heart. Change: brilliant. --- [Thebrilliant children have learned the poem by heart.]
5. The brilliant children have learned the poem by heart. Change: story. --- [Thebrilliant children have learned the story by heart.]
6. He knows the method inside out. Repeat.
7. He knows the method inside out. Change: subject. --- [He knows the subject
inside out.]
8. He knows the subject inside out. Change: teacher. --- [The teacher knows the
subject inside out.]
9. The teacher knows the subject inside out. Change: topic. --- [The teacher
knows the topic inside out.]
10. The teacher knows the topic inside out. Transform: who. --- [Who knows the
topic inside out?]
11. The teacher knows the topic inside out. Transform: negative. --- [Theteacher does not know the topic inside out.]
12. The teacher does not know the topic inside out. Change: student. --- [The student
Does not know the topic inside out.]

308

1. What do you predict will happen to the world 20 years from now?
2. Do you reckon that the world will end?
3. Do you need other people’s approval for everything that you do? Explain.
4. Is there any poem you learned by heart? Which one?
5. Who do you most rely on in your life?
6. Can you be relied on in times of difficulty?
7. Do you know the English language inside out?

309

[1. We need our parents’ approval for our wedding next year.][2. I can always rely on my employees for good marketing.][3. It was a shock that they already broke up last year.][4. There’s a risk of an accident happening in my village.][5. My mother and father like eating potato salad.]

310

311

312

313

314

1. The man assured the lady that he was going to her party.
2. I will not dare to walk home alone in the evening.
3. He had a really good deal on his new car.
4. We only deal with companies which have a good record.
5. His father’s interest in the project declined when his mother died.
6. She declined the company’s job offer.
7. There’s a serious decline in sales this month.
8. She carefully tends her garden.

315

9. Children tend to be like their parents.
10. I waved my hand but he didn’t notice.
11. A notice is a written or printed announcement.
12. The man tried to persuade the lady to leave the country.
13. She could feel the soft ground beneath her feet.
14. There’s a small drawer beneath the table.
15. I suppose that my friend is now happy with her life.

316

1. There’s a risk of an accident happening in that place.
2. There’s a risk of an accident happening in this place.
3. There’s a risk of an accident happening in my place.
4. There’s a risk of an accident happening in my town.
5. There’s a risk of an accident happening in my village.
6. There’s a risk of an accident happening in this village.
7. There’s a risk of an accident happening in this city.

317

1. She declined the company’s job offer. Repeat.
2. She declined the company’s job offer. Change: I. --- [I declined the company’s
job offer.]
3. I declined the company’s job offer. Change: we. --- [We declined thecompany’s job offer.]
4. There’s a serious decline in sales this month. Repeat.
5. There’s a serious decline in sales this month. Add: our company’s. --[There’s a serious decline in our company’s sales this month.]
6. There’s a serious decline in our company’s sales this month. Change: year. -- [There’s a serious decline in our company’s sales this year.]
7. There’s a serious decline in our company’s sales this year. Change: little. --[There’s a little decline in our company’s sales this year.]318

1. It was a shock they broke up. Repeat.
2. It was a shock they broke up. Add: last year. --- [It was a shock they broke up
last year.]
3. It was a shock they broke up last year. Add: already. --- [It was a shock they
already broke up last year.]
4. It was a shock they already broke up last year. Add: that. --- [It was a shockthat they already broke up last year.]
5. The criminal spared her. Repeat.
6. The criminal spared her. Add: decided to. --- [The criminal decided to spareher.]
7. The criminal decided to spare her. Add: and the boy. --- [The criminal decided
to spare her and the boy.]
8. The criminal decided to spare her and the boy. Add: little. --- [The criminal
decided to spare her and the little boy.]319

1. I waved my hand but he didn’t notice. Repeat.
2. I waved my hand but he didn’t notice. Change: my friend. --- [My friend waved
her hand but he didn’t notice.]
3. My friend waved her hand but he didn’t notice. Change: called him. --- [Myfriend called him but he didn’t notice.]
4. My friend called him but he didn’t notice. Add: waved her hand. --- [My friend
waved her hand and called him but he didn’t notice.]
5. A notice is a written or printed announcement. Repeat.
6. A notice is a written or printed announcement. Transform: what. --- [What is a
notice?]7. What is a notice? [A notice is a written or printed announcement.]
8. Are there any notices on the walls of that building? --- [Yes, there are somenotices on the walls of this building.]

320

1. What can you see beneath your table?
2. Do you agree that children tend to be like their parents? Why or why not?
3. Have you ever tried to decline a job offer?
4. What do you suppose will happen to you 4 years from now?
5. Does you mother tend a garden at home?
6. Would you dare to walk home alone in the evening in my country?
7. Have you tried persuading people to do something?

321

1. “I’m going to wear the dress that I bought yesterday.” has a non-defining
relative clause. --- [incorrect – defining relative clause]
2. “The dress, which I bought yesterday, was very long and nice.” has adefining relative clause. --- [incorrect – non-defining relative clause]
3. “The bag which she gave me was very big.” has a defining relative clause. --[correct]
4. “The bag, which she gave me, was very big.” has a defining relative clause. -- [incorrect – non-defining relative clause]
5. “My father, who is 45 years old, goes swimming every day.” has a nondefining relative clause. --- [correct]
6. “The man who is 45 years old goes swimming every day.” has a defining
relative clause. --- [correct]322

[1. I broke the computer that belonged to my father.][2. The fruit that isn’t fresh is on the table.][3. She loves reading books which have happy endings.][4. I live in a big house which is across from the green building.] [5. Iwill wear the red dress which is very nice tomorrow.]323

1. The manager can rely on her secretary. Repeat.
2. The manager can rely on her secretary. Change: I, my. --- [I can rely on mysecretary.]
3. I can rely on my secretary. Change: employees. --- [I can rely on myemployees.]
4. I can rely on my employees. Add: for good marketing. --- [I can rely on myemployees for good marketing.]
5. I can rely on my employees for good marketing. Add: always. --- [I can always
rely on my employees for good marketing.]
6. I always rely on my employees for good marketing. Repeat.
7. I always rely on my employees for good marketing. Transform: present
perfect. --- [I have always relied on my employees for good marketing.]
8. I have always relied on my employees for good marketing. Transform: pasttense. --- [I always relied on my employees for good marketing.]
9. I always relied on my employees for good marketing. Change: friend. --- [Ialways relied on my friend for good marketing.]324

1. The student has learned the poem by heart. Repeat.
2. The student has learned the poem by heart. Change: children. --- [Thechildren have learned the poem by heart.]
3. The children have learned the poem by heart. Add: clever. --- [The cleverchildren have learned the poem by heart.]
4. The clever children have learned the poem by heart. Change: brilliant. --- [Thebrilliant children have learned the poem by heart.]
5. The brilliant children have learned the poem by heart. Change: story. --- [Thebrilliant children have learned the story by heart.]
6. He knows the method inside out. Repeat.
7. He knows the method inside out. Change: subject. --- [He knows the subject
inside out.]
8. He knows the subject inside out. Change: teacher. --- [The teacher knows the
subject inside out.]
9. The teacher knows the subject inside out. Change: topic. --- [The teacher
knows the topic inside out.]
10. The teacher knows the topic inside out. Transform: who. --- [Who knows the
topic inside out?]
11. The teacher knows the topic inside out. Transform: negative. --- [Theteacher does not know the topic inside out.]
12. The teacher does not know the topic inside out. Change: student. --- [The student
does not know the topic inside out.]

325

1. What do you predict will happen to the world 20 years from now?
2. Do you reckon that the world will end?
3. Do you need other people’s approval for everything that you do? Explain.
4. Is there a poem you have learned by heart? Which one?
5. Who do you rely on most in your life?
6. Can you be relied on in times of difficulty?
7. Do you know the English language inside out?

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1. My friend’s parents already approved their wedding next year.
2. His father’s interest in the project declined when his mother died.
3. My father, who is 45 years old, goes swimming every day.
4. The teacher carried on talking when the visitor arrived.
5. The company that I’m working for is very nice.
6. I suppose that my friend is now happy with her life.
7. She reckoned that he was going to attend the party.

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