Mt. Fuji:

A Proposal for a Permanent Ground Base Platform of Free Troposphere

Yukiko Dokiya1, Yasuhito Igarashi2, Yousuke Sawa2, Hiroshi Takahashi2, Naoki Kaneyasu3,
Katsuhiro Yoshioka4, Yoko Katayama5 and Tasuku Akagi5
1:Edogawa U., 2:MRI, 3:AIST, 4:Shimane Pref., 5: Tokyo U. Agr. Tech.

Why Mt. Fuji？

Free TroposphereFree Troposphere
Weather Station since 1932

How it is shown:
Diurnal change in O3: very little
Concentrations of chemical species in aerosol:
comparable to the reported values of thosein free troposphere→background level
High wind speed →long range transport

E-W Cross Section of Mountains

Reasons why it is so
The shape of the mountain(heat capacity)
Sole peak
HeightThe summit is above boundary layer!
Levels of contamination from local area are very low!

Mauna Loa
Fuji

Waliguanfrom NASA HP

Air Chemistry:
What we have done since 1990

Weather Station since 1932

1990-1992: occasional precipitation sampling( E. Maruta and Meteorol. Coll.)
1992～ : surface ozone started(continuous) (Y. Tsutsumi)
aerosol by LV （Meteorol. Coll.)
1993 : aerosol by LV, Andersen LV,HCl, SO2, NH3 ( a week in summer)
1994 : aerosol by LV& HV(7Be), Andersen LV,HCl, SO2, NH3 (five days in summer)
1997: Summer Campaign (Meteorol. Res. Inst. & Meteorol. Coll.)
1998-2001: (Meteorol. Res. Inst., Meteorol. Coll. & Tokyo U. Agr.&Tech.)
2002-2004：（ MRI, Meteorol. Coll. , TUAT、Edogawa U., NIES, AIST,
Shimane Pref. Inst. Publ. Health & Environ Sci.,Toyama Pref. U. )Short History

19th century: an important meteorological observation point.
pioneers : Itaru & Chiyoko Nonaka( Oct.-Dec., 1895): Junichi Satoh( Jan.-Feb., 1926),
Since 1932 operated manually by Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
1964 RADAR Dome set up
Typhoon forecast
1999 RADAR observation ceased
staff members: 5 →42001 RADAR Dome removed

Major findings during 1997-2001
Aerosol chemical species
Dokiya et al., (2001) Anal. Sci.
CO and O3Tsutsumi and Matsueda (2000), Atmos．Environ.
O3 and Be-7 Tsutsumi, Igarsashi, et al.(1998) J. Geophys. Res.
H2O2 and MHP Yonekura et al. in contribution

Mt. Fuji Weather Station at Present
4 staff members conduct surface meteorological observation on site, rotating every 3 weeks

Atmospheric radionuclides and trace species measured （until July,2004)
Speciesmeasurement method

7Be

HV-sampler

222

RnInstrument

DLPrecision

Sibata HVC1000F～0.1 mBq/m3～ 20% RSD

0.3 Bq/m3～20% RSD→ g spectrometry

Ortec or Eurysis

Electrostatic collection

Semi-home made→ a spectrometry

Ohyoh-Koken Co.

We would like to make Mt. Fuji
Weather Station as an atmospheric
BG station in the future!

Soluble Chemical Species in Aerosol50

at 1 Bq/m340

Ultraviolet absorption

Dylec 1007-AHJ

2 ppbvDylec 11500.1 ppbv

100.1 ppbv

0Sibata HVC1000F

and ionic species
Particle number→ ion chromatographyHP-Yokogawa or Dionex
Laser particle counter

80.1 ppmv

nmol/m3

HV sampler

Kanomax

NO3-

8月

Aerosol sulfate

7月

Andersen Instruments

6月

Aethalometer

Cl-

5月

Black carbon

4月

Licor 6252

Mg2+

3月

Infrared absorption

2月

CO2Na+

1月

10

Other species measured

12月

Thermo Electron 43C-TL

15 ppbv

11月

Ultraviolet fluorescenceHigh in Spring

20

10月

SO2

Thermo Electron 48C

SO42-

Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Cl-,NO39月

Gas filter correlation

Ca2+308月

COnmol/m3

Species compared

O3

NH4+

SO42-64

High in Summer

2NH4+0Mt. Fuji has potential importance as a platform for chemical observation of free troposphere.
* Mt. Fuji can offer continuous observation data, which cannot be obtained by airplane observations.
*More fruitful outcomes can be expected from observation in the future,
if continued

Mt.Fuji Weather station is now closing!!
An Atmospheric Science Institute must be establishedat the summit of Mt. Fuji
which is open for all researcherswhich is open internationallyWeNoask
for Support
concreteplan exists Domestic
at present
neither public nor private
Internationaland also

2002

Particle counter compared with Aethalometer(H. Takahashi and N.Kaneyasu)

Smoke from Siberian forest fire
Aethalometer showed peaks (BC)Particle counter showed peaks in small
particles
CO showed good correlation with BC
O3 showed no correlation with BC
Model study

8月

Recent issues found at the summit of Mt. Fuji

2001

7月

6月

5月

4月

3月

2月

1月

12月

11月

10月

9月

8月

A SOND JF MAMJ JA(1) Determination of the effects of a Siberian forest fire, as found in black carbon
concentration(2) Continuous SO2 observation prevails sporadic transport of polluted air masses fromthe continent controlled by synoptic scale meteorology(3) Nitrate transportation with Kosa particles

High from Spring toSummer