౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹฏ੒ 26 ೥ 4 ݄ 20 ೔ൃߦʢ೥ 3 ճൃߦʣɹত࿨ 45 ೥ 7 ݄ 31 ೔ɹֶज़‫ߦץ‬෺ঝೝ
ɹɹ

ISSN 0387-6012

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ
Journal of the Japanese Society of Soil Physics

ୈ 126 ߸2014 ೥ 4 ݄౔৕෺ཧֶձ
Japanese Society of Soil Physics

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ
ୈ 126 ߸ɹ 2014 ೥ 4 ݄໨ɹ࣍‫ר‬಄‫ݴ‬

੢ଜɹ୓

...

1

ߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউ

...

3ࢁ‫ࢠلޱ‬...

11एਿߊհ · ‫ޱݪ‬ெ࿕

...

23

৿ྛʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷಈଶ

খྛ੓޿

...

31

౔৕தͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷҠಈ

੢ଜɹ୓

...

37

ᖛຊণҰ࿠

...

45

ླ໦৳࣏ · ‫׉‬৓୓໵ · ࡾҪͱ΋Έ · ҏ౻ത෢ · Ԭᖒɹ޺

...

51

੩ి༰ྔ‫ ܕ‬ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯࡾੴਖ਼Ұ · ߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউ

...

63

ӓҪ༃ߒ

...

71

‫ף‬ɹलত

...

77

ӓҪ༃ߒ

...

79

ձ຿ใࠂɹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

81

ฤू‫هޙ‬ɹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

83γϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूղɹઆ์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ — ౔৕෺ཧʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔ͜ͱ —૯ɹઆ౔৕΁ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ٵ‬ணϝΧχζϜ

ղɹઆ์ࣹੑ෺࣭Ԛછ೶஍ͷޮ཰తͳද౔ണ͗औΓ޻๏ͷ։ൃࢿɹྉୈ 55 ճ౔৕෺ཧֶձγϯϙδ΢Ϝ૯߹౼࿦౔৕෺ཧͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭‫ڀݚ‬ઓུʹ޲͚ͯ࿦ɹจౚ݁Λͱ΋ͳ͏໢૸஍Ҭͷ೶஍ʹ͓͚ΔϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ‫ق‬અมಈ—༠ిਫϙςϯγϟϧηϯαͷར༻ͱౚ౔ʹ͓͚Δਁಁϙςϯγϟϧͷۛຯ—‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτղɹઆਫా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ෺࣭༌ૹ͕୷ਫ໘ۙ๣ͷେ‫͢΅ٴ΁ڥ؀ؾ‬Ө‫ڹ‬౔ཻࢠεχʔΧʔͰͰ͖Δถͮ͘Γॻɹධ๺ւಓͷ‫ؾ‬৅ͱ೶‫ۀ‬ɹ೔ຊ೶‫ؾۀ‬৅ֶձ๺ւಓࢧ෦ [ฤஶ]දࢴࣸਅͷઆ໌
൧‫ؘ‬ଜͷதࢁؒ஍Ͱ͸Πϊγγ͕஍ද໘Λ۷Γ‫͠ى‬ɼද౔ണ͗औΓʹΑΔআછޮՌ͕‫ظ‬଴Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɽͦ͜
ͰɼஶऀΒ͸ਫాͷҰ֯ʹૉ۷Γͷ݀Λ۷Γɼ୅͔͖ΛԿ౓͔‫܁‬Γฦ͢͜ͱͰ೪౔ཻࢠʹ‫ݻ‬ఆ͞Εͨ์ࣹੑηγ΢ϜΛ࡞౔૚͔Βআ‫͢ڈ‬Δํ๏Λ‫͢ূݕ‬ΔͨΊͷ‫ݱ‬஍࣮‫ݧ‬Λߦͬͨɽࠓ߸‫ࡌܝ‬ͷγϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूղઆʮ์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ —౔৕෺ཧʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔ͜ͱ—ʯΛ͝ࢀর͍ͩ͘͞ɽిࢠ൛Ͱ͸ಈը΋͝ཡ͍͚ͨͩ·͢ɽʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯͷిࢠδϟʔφϧԽͷ‫ݕ‬౼ʹ͍ͭͯʢ࠶‫ܝ‬ʣ—ɹҙ‫ؒظूืݟ‬ΛԆ௕͠·ͨ͠ɹ—ࡢࠓͷΠϯλʔωοτͷී‫ͱʹٴ‬΋ͳͬͯɼࠃ಺֎ͷஶ໊ͳࡶࢽ͸ిࢠδϟʔφϧʹҠߦͭͭ͋͠Γ·͢ɽిࢠδϟʔφϧԽ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼΠϯλʔωοτ্Ͱͷ‫ʹࡧݕ‬ώοτ͠΍͘͢ͳΔ
͜ͱɼಈը΍ΤϨΫτϦοΫαϓϦϝϯτΛ࿦จʹ͚ͭΒΕΔ͜ͱɼҹ࡮‫ܦ‬අ΍ૹྉΛେ෯ʹઅ໿Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱɼຊ୨ͷεϖʔεʹ༨༟͕Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱͳͲͷϝϦοτ͕͋Γ·͢ɽͦͷҰํͰैདྷͷϖʔδΛΊ͘Δָ͠Έ͕ࣦΘΕΔσϝϦοτ΋͋Γ·͢ɽ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɼֶձඅ͚ͩͰӡӦ͞Ε͍ͯΔ౰ֶձͷࡒ੓ঢ়ଶΛ෼ੳ͢Δͱͦͷେ෦෼Λҹ࡮‫ܦ‬අ͕઎Ί͍ͯΔͷ͕‫ݱ‬ঢ়Ͱ͢ɽ͜ͷ··Ͱ͸ࠓ‫ޙ‬ձһΛ૿΍͠ɼେ෯ͳձඅऩೖ͕‫ࠐݟ‬Ίͳ͍‫ݶ‬ΓɼֶձӡӦͦͷ΋ͷ͕ഁ୼Λ͖ͨ͢‫ڪ‬Ε΋͋Γ·͢ɽ͜͏ͨ͠എ‫ܠ‬Λߟྀͯ͠ɼ10 ݄ 25 ೔ͷධٞһձ͓Αͼ 26 ೔ͷ૯ձͰ͸ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑͷిࢠδϟʔφϧԽʯʹ͍ͭͯձһॾࢯ͔Βҙ‫ݟ‬Λௌऔ͠ɼͦͷҙ‫ࢠి͍ͯͮجʹݟ‬δϟʔφϧԽͷՄೳੑΛ‫ݕ‬౼͢Δ͜ͱʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɽैདྷ௨Γ࡭ࢠମΛ‫ر‬๬͢Δ৔߹ʹ͸ɼΦϓγϣϯͱͯ͠ҹ࡮αʔϏεΛಋೖ͢Δ͜ͱͳͲ΋ߟ͑ΒΕ·͢ɽձһॾࢯʹ͓͔Ε·ͯ͠͸ຊֶձͷ‫ݱ‬ঢ়Λ͝ཧղͷ্ɼʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯͷిࢠδϟʔφϧԽʹؔ͢Δ͝ҙ‫ݟ‬Λ͓‫͢·͍ͩͤ͘͞د‬Α͏͓‫͍ئ‬க͠·͢ɽѼઌɿɹ౔৕෺ཧֶձฤूҕһձɹฤूҕһ௕ɹऔग़৳෉ɹѼํ๏ɿɹʢిࢠϝʔϧʣE-mail: kibyosi[at]ml.affrc.go.jp ɹʢWeb ໰͍߹Θͤʣhttps://js-soilphysics.com/contactsక੾ɿɹ 2014 ೥ 4 ݄ 30 ೔ɹʢԆ௕͠·ͨ͠ʣͳ͓ɼࠓ݄߸ͷʮղઆɿ์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ — ౔৕෺ཧʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔ͜ͱ —ʯͷిࢠ൛Ͱ͸ࢼ‫ݧ‬తʹ֤ॴʹಈը΁ͷϦϯΫ͕෇͚ΒΕ͍ͯ·͢ɽిࢠδϟʔφϧԽͷՄೳੑΛߟ͑Δࢀߟʹ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɽ౔৕෺ཧֶձϗʔϜϖʔδͷ‫͍ͯͭʹ༻׆‬2013 ೥ 5 ݄ʹ౔৕෺ཧֶձͷϗʔϜϖʔδ͕ϦχϡʔΞϧΦʔϓϯ͠·ͨ͠ɽ৽͍͠ϗʔϜϖʔδͰ͸ɼֶձࣄ຿‫͔ہ‬Βͷ NEWS ΍࿦จ౳ͷμ΢ϯϩʔυͷαʔϏεΛར༻Ͱ͖·͢ɽ‫ݱ‬ࡏɼֶձ NEWS ΍ղઆ౳ͷ‫ࣄه‬͸ձһ · ඇձһʹ͔͔ΘΒͣɼ౳ֶ͘͠ձαʔϏεΛར༻Ͱ͖·͕͢ɼ࠷৽̍೥ؒͷ࿦จʹؔͯ͠͸ձһͷΈ͕ӾཡͰ͖·͢ɽձһαʔϏεΛ࠷େ‫ʹݶ‬ར༻͢Δ
ͨΊʹ͸ϗʔϜϖʔδʹϩάΠϯ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ඞཁʹͳΓ·͢ɽֶձһͷօ༷ʹ͓͔Ε·ͯ͠͸ֶձࢽ͕ૹ෇͞ΕΔࡍͷѼ໊ͷԼʹҹ࡮͞Εͨʮձһ൪߸ʯΛେ੾ʹอ؅ͷ্ɼͰ͖Δ͚ͩ଎΍͔ʹϩάΠϯͰ͖Δ͜ͱΛ֬͝ೝ͍ͩ͘͞·͢Α͏͓‫͍ئ‬க͠·͢ɽͳ͓ɼձһ൪߸Λ๨Εͨ৔߹Ͱ΋ֶձͷϗʔϜϖʔδʹΞΫηε͠ Email ΞυϨεΛೖྗ͢Ε͹ࣗ෼ͷձһ൪߸Λ֬ೝͰ͖·͕͢ɼֶձձһ໊฽ʹొ࿥͞Ε͍ͯΔ Email ΞυϨε͕ਖ਼͘͠ͳ
͍৔߹ʹ͸࠶௨஌͞Ε·ͤΜɽͦͷ৔߹ʹ͸ϗʔϜϖʔδӈ্ͷʮ͓໰߹Θͤʯ͔Βͦͷࢫ͓஌Β͍ͤͩ͘͞ɽ
·ͨɼϗʔϜϖʔδͷར༻๏ʹؔͯ͠͝ҙ‫͝ · ݟ‬ఏҊ͕͋Ε͹ɼಉ༷ʹʮ͓໰߹Θͤʯ͔Β͓஌Β͍ͤͩ͘͞ɽ

http://js-soilphysics.com/

2014 ೥౓౔৕෺ཧֶձͷ͓஌Βͤ
2014 ೥౓ͷ౔৕෺ཧֶձΛԼ‫ه‬ͷ೔ఔͰ։࠵͠·͢ɽࠓ೥͸ࡢ೥ͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ʹҾ͖ଓ͖ɼ౦೔ຊେ਒ࡂ͔Βͷ෮‫ؔ͢ʹڵ‬ΔςʔϚͱͯ͠ւਫΛඃͬͨ೶஍ͷআԘ໰୊ΛऔΓ͍͋͛ͨͱߟ
͍͑ͯ·͢ɽฃͬͯ͝ࢀՃ͍ͩ͘͞ɽ

‫ه‬
೔࣌ɿ2014 ೥ 10 ݄ 25 ∼ 26 ೔ʢ౔༵೔ · ೔༵೔ʣ৔ॴɿ‫ٶ‬৓େֶ৯࢈‫ֶۀ‬෦
ʢ10 ݄ 25 ೔ʣγϯϙδ΢Ϝɿ౔৕ͷԘྨ໰୊΍আԘʹؔ͢Δ಺༰ʢ༧ఆʣ
ϙελʔηογϣϯɿʮԘྨ໰୊ɿ೶஍෮‫چ‬ͷ౔৕෺ཧʢԾʣ
ʯ͓Αͼʮ౔৕෺ཧͷ࠷લઢʯ‫ۀا‬లࣔɿ
ʢ10 ݄ 26 ೔ʣΤΫεΧʔγϣϯɿ௡೾ඃࡂ೶஍ͷ෮‫ݱچ‬৔ʢ༧ఆʣ
ͳ͓ɼલ೔ͷ 10 ݄ 24 ೔ʢۚʣ‫ʹޙޕ‬͸೶‫ۀ‬೶ଜ޻ֶձ౔৕෺ཧ෦ձ‫ूڀݚ‬ձ͕ઋ୆ࢢ಺Ͱ༧ఆ
͞Ε͓ͯΓ·͢ɽҎ্J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 126, p.1 ∼ 2 (2014)֪ΛഁΓଢ଼ᆵ͔Βग़Δ੢ଜɹ୓ 1ֶձࣄ຿‫Ͱہ‬ฏ੒ 25 ೥౓େձγϯϙδ΢Ϝ։࠵Λ୲౰ͨ͠ԑͰγϯϙδ΢Ϝಛू߸ͷ‫ר‬಄‫ݴ‬Λ୲౰͢Δ͜ͱʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɽࠓେձ։࠵ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼֶձ௕͔Β෱ౡ‫಺ݝ‬։࠵ͷ‫͍ڧ‬ҙ޲͕ࣔ͞Ε·ͨ͠ɽ։࠵஍ʹ΄ͱΜͲ౔৕෺ཧ
ؔ܎ऀ͕͍ͳ͍ͨΊɼ෱ౡେֶ‫ࣹ์ڥ؀‬ೳ‫ͳॴڀݚ‬Βͼʹಉେֶͷᤵ࡚ࢤึ͞Μʹ͓ੈ࿩ʹͳΓɼ։࠵·Ͱ͚͗ͭ͜
·ͨ͠ɽ౰೔ͷఱީ͕͔ͳΓո͘͠‫ؾ‬Λ΋Έ·͕ͨ͠ɼγϯϙδ΢Ϝʹ͸ 100 ਓΛང͔ʹ௒͑ΔࢀՃ͕͋Γ·ͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼ2 ೔໨ͷ‫ֶݟ‬͸ɼ୆෩Ұաͷఱީʹ‫·ܙ‬Εɼ൧‫ؘ‬ଜ໾৔ɼNPO ๏ਓ;͘͠·࠶ੜͷձͷ͝ཧղɼ͝‫ྗڠ‬΋͋ͬͯແࣄʹ‫ݱ‬஍Λ‫ͯݟ‬ճΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·ͨ͠ɽԕִ஍ʹ͓͚Δ։࠵͕େաͳ͘ऴΘͬͨ͜ͱʹ͖ͭ·ͯ͠ɼࢀՃ͍ͨͩ
͍ͨօ༷ͳΒͼʹ͝‫͍͍ͨͩͨྗڠ‬օ༷ʹ͓ྱਃ্͛͠·͢ɽฏ੒ 25 ೥౓ͷେձγϯϙδ΢ϜͷςʔϚ͸ɼʮ์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ — ౔৕෺ཧʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔ͜ͱ — ʯͰͨ͠ɽ6 ݅ͷߨԋʹՃ͑ͯɼϙελʔൃදͷ໿ 4 ෼ͷ 1 ͷ 12 ͕݅์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ʹؔΘΔ‫ڀݚ‬՝୊Ͱͨ͠ɽࠓ߸Ͱ͸γϯϙδ΢
Ϝಛूͱͯ͠ɼߨԋ͍͍ͨͩͨԋऀ͔Β 5 ຊͷղઆ · ૯આ͕౤ߘ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɽࠓճͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊͸ɼैདྷͷ೶‫ۀ‬ੜ࢈΍஍‫ڥ؀ٿ‬໰୊ͷதͰ౔৕෺ཧ͕ͲͷΑ͏ͳߩ‫͖Ͱ͕ݙ‬Δ͔ͱ͍͏ٞ࿦
ͱ͸গʑҟͳΔഎ‫ܠ‬Λ΋͍ͬͯ·͢ɽୈҰʹ‫ʹ࣮ݱ‬໰୊͕ੜ͍ͯ͡Δ‫ݱ‬৔͕͋Γɼʮͦͷ‫ݱ‬৔Ͱʯ฻Β͢ɼ΋͘͠͸ಇ͘ਓ͕͍Δʢආ೉தͷ৔߹ʮ͍ͨʯ
ʣதͰɼҰࠁ΋ૣ͍ ໰୊ͷղܾ · վળ͕‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕ͍ͯΔ͜ͱͰ͢ɽҰൠʹɼ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ࣦഊ΋େࣄͳ݁ՌͰ͕͢ɼࠓճͷ༷ʹ‫ڀݚ‬ͷग़‫ʹޱ‬ʮੜ‫ۀ‬ΛӦΉਓʯ͕͍Δ৔߹ɼ๣Ͱ‫͍ͯݟ‬Δඇ‫ͯͬͱʹऀڀݚ‬͸ɼʮ΍ͬͯΈ͚ͨͲʯΑΓ΋ʮͲͷΑ͏ͳ੍‫ݶ‬ͷԼͰɼͲ͜·Ͱ໰୊΍՝୊͕ղܾͰ͖ͨͷ͔ʯͱ͍͏఺͕ॏཁͳؔ
৺ࣄʹͳΓ·͢ɽ
·ͨɼ౔৕෺ཧͰ͸௕͍ؒɼะ৔ͷෆ‫ۉ‬Ұੑʹ͍ͭͯٞ࿦͕͞Ε͖ͯ·ͨ͠ɽ30 ೥લͷ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑୈ 50 ߸Ͱ΋޿͕ΓΛۭ࣋ͬͨؒʹ͓͚Δ౔৕෺ཧྔͷ೺Ѳͷॏཁੑ͕ࢦఠ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɽࠓճͷ໰୊ͷର৅͸೶஍ɼ୐஍ɼࢁྛ
Λ‫ؚ‬Ή 1000 km2 Λང͔ʹ௒͑Δ໘ੵʹͳΓ·͢ɽ͞Βʹɼ͜ͷ޿ҬͷԚછͰ໰୊ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ͷೱ౓͸ɼզʑ͕ैདྷର৅ʹ͖ͯͨ͠Խֶ෺࣭ͷೱ౓ʹൺ΂ͯང͔ʹ௿͍͜ͱ΋ಛ௃ͱͯ͠‫͛ڍ‬ΒΕ·͢ɽैདྷର৅ͱ͖ͯͨ͠
ೱ౓Ҭͱ͸ৼΔ෣͍ͷҟͳΔ‫ۃ‬௿ೱ౓ྖҬͷԽֶ෺࣭ͷಈଶΛߟ͑ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΓ·ͤΜɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹ౔৕෺ཧ͕ࠓ·Ͱஔ͔Ε͖ͯͨ࣌ؒͷྲྀΕ΍ۭؒεέʔϧɼ‫ݱ‬৅εέʔϧɼ͞Βʹ͸੹೚‫ͱײ‬͸͔ͳΓҟͳΔ৔Ͱର৅ʹऔΓ૊·ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍͜ͱ͕ࠓճͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ͷಛ௃Ͱ͢ɽ
์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊͸ɼಛʹҠಈ · ෼෍ · ରࡦʹؔͯ͠ɼ·͞ʹ౔৕෺ཧֶͷൣᙝʹ͋Δ‫ڀݚ‬՝୊Ͱ͢ɽଞํɼ‫ݱ‬৅ͷۭؒεέʔϧɼԽֶ෺࣭ͷೱ౓Ҭ · ൓Ԡɼଞ෼໺ͱͷ‫ڠ‬ಇͷඞཁੑɼͦͯ͠ɼ৽͍͠ଌఆ‫ثػ‬ͷඞཁੑͷ໘Ͱɼࠓ·Ͱͷ౔৕෺ཧͱ͸ҰઢΛըͨ͠ҟͳΔΞϓϩʔν͕ඞཁʹͳΔͱߟ͑ΒΕ·͢ɽ্ड़ͷ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ 50 ߸ͷ‫ר‬಄‫Ͱݴ‬‫ాؠ‬ਐ‫͞ޕ‬Μ͸ɼʮ౔৕෺ཧֶΛൃలͤ͞ΔͨΊͷΧΪ͸ɼ‫ݱ‬৅ͷ஫ҙਂ͍‫౓ߴͱ࡯؍‬ͷςΫχοΫΛ‫ͯ͠࢖ۦ‬ͷ෺ཧྔͷਖ਼͔֬ͭఆྔతͳ೺Ѳʹ͋ΔɽʝதུʝՃ͑ͯɼେ੾ͳ͜ͱ͸ɼ‫ط‬੒֓೦ʹͱΒΘΕͳ͍৽͍͠ࢹ఺͔Βͷղੳ
Ͱ͋Δʯͱ͍ͯ͠·͢ɽঢ়‫گ‬͸ҧ͍·͕͢ɼ30 ೥‫ͯͬܦ‬ɼୈ 50 ߸Ͱࢦఠ͞Ε͍ͯΔ࢟੎΍ࢹ఺͕ࠓ·ͨɼ౔৕෺ཧ
ͷ‫ٻʹऀڀݚ‬ΊΒΕ͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹ‫͡ײ‬ΒΕ·͢ɽ౔৕Պֶ͸ຊདྷɼେֶʹ౔৕ֶՊɼ౔৕ֶ෦͕͋ͬͯ΋ࠩ͠ࢧ͑ͳ͍ఔɼ޿͘ਂֶ͍໰෼໺Ͱ͢ɽͦͷҰ෦ΛΧόʔ͢Δ౔৕෺ཧͰ͋ͬͯ΋ɼର৅ʹΑͬͯ͸ɼԽֶ΍ੜ෺ɼඍੜ෺ͷཁૉ͕ೖͬͯ͘Δ͜ͱ͸ආ͚ΒΕ·ͤΜɽηγ΢ϜҰͭͱͬͯ΋ɼ‫ס‬૩஍ͷԘྨ໰୊ʹؔ࿈ͯ͠ର৅ʹ͖ͯͨ͠φτϦ΢Ϝ΍Χϧγ΢Ϝʹൺ΂ͯਫ࿨͠೉͍ੑ࣭ʹ༝དྷ͢Δɼզʑʹͳ͡Έͷബ͍‫ݱ‬৅͕ηγ΢ϜͷಈଶʹӨ‫ڹ‬Λ༩͑·͢ɽ͔͠͠ɼ͜ͷͳ͡Έͷബ͍‫ݱ‬৅ͷଟ͘͸ɼզʑ͕ࠓ·Ͱ஌Βͳ͔͚ͬͨͩͰɼ஌ࣝͱͯ͠͸͢Ͱʹ஝ੵ͞Ε͍ͯΔͷ΋ࣄ࣮Ͱ͢ɽͦΕΒͷ஌‫ݟ‬Λൃ۷ͯ͠༗ޮ
Խ͢Δ͜ͱ͕౔৕෺ཧͷ‫͕ऀڀݚ‬෱ౡͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ʹͲΕ͚ͩߩ‫͖Ͱݙ‬Δ͔Λࠨӈ͢Δͱࢥ͍·͢ɽͯ͞ɼ౔৕෺ཧͰ͸͋Δ͕ɼࠓ·Ͱͷ΋ͷͱ͸গʑੑ֨ͷҟͳΔ৽͍͠౔৕෺ཧͱͯ͠์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ʹऔΓ૊Ήʹ͋ͨΓɼͲ͏͢Ε͹ྑ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ɽ͓ͦΒ͘ɼશ͘৽͍͠෼໺ͷ‫ܞʹڀݚ‬ΘΔ৔߹ͱಉ༷ʹʢ‫্཰ޮڀݚ‬͸ෆར͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜ͕ʣʮࣗ෼ͷಘҙ͸͜Εʯͱ͍͏֪ΛഁΓɼ౔৕෺ཧʢ‫چ‬ʣͱ͍͏ଢ଼ᆵ͔Βग़ͯɼ͋Ε͸΍Βͳ͍͜Ε͸ۤखͱ͍ͬͨޮ཰ԽΛͤͣɼඞཁͳ΋ͷ͸ԿͰ΋औΓࠐΉͱ͍͏ॊೈͳ࢟੎Λ࣋ͬͯ৽͍͠౔৕෺ཧΛ࡞Γ্͍͛ͯ͘͜ͱ͕ඞཁͩͱ‫͢·͍ͯ͡ײ‬ɽࠓճͷʮ์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ʯಛूͰ͸ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶʹՃ͑ɼ౔৕Խֶɼ৿ྛ౔৕ֶɼ
1 ౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պ

2౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)ਫా޻ֶͱ͍ͬͨ෼໺ͷஶऀͷྗ࡞͕‫ͤد‬ΒΕ͍ͯ·͢ɽγϯϙδ΢Ϝ౰೔ͷϙελʔʹ͸ɼ‫ݪ‬Ґஔͷ์ࣹઢଌఆ૷
ஔ։ൃͷࢼΈͷൃද΋͋Γ·ͨ͠ɽ͜ΕΒΛ଍ֻ͔Γʹͯ͠ɼ৽͍͠౔৕෺ཧΛߏங͢Δεςʔδʹ౿ΈࠐΜͰ͍͍͚ͬͯͨͩΕ͹ͱࢥ͍·͢ɽシンポジウム特集

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.

ゎࠉㄝ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

LecturesNo. 126, p.3 ∼ 10 (2014)์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ — ౔৕෺ཧʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔ͜ͱ —ߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউ 1

Radioactive material issue — What should soil physics do?
Masaru MIZOGUCHI1

ਓखෆ଍ʹؕΓɼআછ࡞‫ʹۀ‬஗Ε͕ੜ͡Δ͜ͱ͕‫ݒ‬೦͞

1. ͸͡Ίʹ

Ε͍ͯΔɽͦͷͨΊɼࣗ෼ͷ೶஍Ͱ͋Γͳ͕ΒࣗΒखग़͕͠Ͱ͖ͣɼ೶஍আછΛθωίϯʹ೚ͤΔ͔͠Ͱ͖ͳ͍

෱ౡୈҰ‫͔ൃݪ‬Β์ग़͞Εͨ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝ͸౔৕දආ೉தͷ೶Ո͔Β͸ఘΊͷ੠΋ग़͖͍ͯͯΔɽ͜͏ͨ͠

૚ʹେ෦෼͕஝ੵ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢԘ୔Β, 2011ʣͱͷใࠂ͕ঢ়‫گ‬Λଧഁ͠ɼҰࠁ΋ૣ͍‫ؼ‬ଜͱ೶‫࠶ۀ‬ੜΛՌͨͨ͢Ί

͋Δɽ೶ྛਫ࢈ল͸ɼ͜͏ͨ͠Պֶతௐࠪใࠂ΍ಠࣗͷʹ͸ɼ೶ՈࣗΒ͕࣮ࢪͰ͖Δ೶஍আછ๏Λ։ൃ͢Δ͜ͱ

೶஍আછ࣮ূ޻ࣄΛ౿·͑ͯɼʮ೶஍আછରࡦͷٕज़ॻʯ͕ඞཁͰ͋ΔɽͦΜͳதɼஶऀ͸ NPO ๏ਓ;͘͠·࠶ʢ೶ྛਫ࢈ল, 2013ʣΛͱΓ·ͱΊͨɽ͜ͷٕज़ॻͰ͸೶ੜͷձʢ2013ʣͱͷ‫ڠ‬ಇͰɼ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝ͕೪౔ཻࢠ

஍ͷԚછఔ౓ʹԠͯ͡ɼᶃද౔ണ͗औΓɼᶄਫʹΑΔ౔ʹ‫ݻ‬ఆ͞ΕΔੑ࣭ʹண໨͠ɼʮ೶஍আછ = ೪౔ཻࢠআ‫ڈ‬ʯ৕֧፩ · আ‫ڈ‬ɼᶅ൓సߞʹΑΔରࡦ޻๏͕ਪ঑͞Ε͍ͯͱ͍͏ൃ૝Ͱ೶஍আછٕज़ͷ։ൃʹऔΓ૊ΜͰ͍Δɽ

Δɽ͔͠͠ɼ࣮ࡍͷ‫ݱ‬৔Ͱ͸ࠃ΍ଜ͕ද౔ണ͗औΓ๏ʹ͜ͷղઆͰ͸ɼஶऀ͕͜Ε·ͰʹऔΓ૊ΜͰ͖ͨ೶஍

ΑΔআછ޻ࣄͷΈΛൃ஫͠ɼͦΕΛड஫ͨ͠θωίϯ͕আછͷ‫ݱ‬৔࣮‫ݧ‬Λ঺հ͠ͳ͕ΒɼͦΕΒͷ࣮‫ݧ‬Λࢥ͍ٕͭज़ॻ௨Γʹ 3 ∼ 8 cm ͷԚછද౔Λ࡟ΓऔΓɼϑϨί͍ͨഎ‫ܠ‬΍ࠓ‫ޙ‬औΓ૊Ή΂͖์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ʹؔ࿈ͨ͠ϯόοΫʢFlexible container bagʣʹ٧ΊɼͦΕΒΛ஍۠౔৕෺ཧֶ‫͍ͯͭʹڀݚ‬ड़΂Δɽ͝ͱʹܾΊΒΕͨԾԾஔ৔ͱ‫ݺ‬͹ΕΔަ௨ΞΫηεͷྑ͍೶஍ʹࢁੵΈʹ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɼ͜ͷԚછ౔

2. ೪౔ͱ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝͷ࠷ऴॲ෼஍͸ະͩʹܾ·͍ͬͯͳ͍ɽ·ͨɼ2020 ೥ͷ౦‫ژ‬ΦϦϯϐοΫ։࠵͕ܾ·ͬͨ͜ͱͰθωίϯ‫ۀ‬ք͕෱ౡ‫ݝ‬൧‫ؘ‬ଜʹ෼෍͢Δ౔৕ʹ͸Ֆቋ‫ؠ‬Λ฼ࡐʹͨ͠೪౔߭෺͕ଟ͘‫·ؚ‬ΕΔʢࢁ‫ޱ‬Β, 2012ʣɽͦͷ೪౔߭෺ͷ୅දతͳ΋ͷ͸ 2ɿ1 ‫ܕ‬೪౔߭෺͕૚ঢ়ʹॏͳͬͨӢ
฼ྨͰ͋Δɽ2ɿ1 ‫ܕ‬೪౔߭෺ͷද໘ʹ͸࿡һ‫؀‬ͷ “޸”͕ۭ͍͍ͯͯి‫ؾ‬తʹϚΠφεʹͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ௨ৗ͸͜͜ʹ͜ͷ “޸” ΑΓΠΦϯ௚‫͕ܘ‬খ͍͞ΧϦ΢Ϝ͕ೖΓࠐΈɼ૚ঢ়ͷӢ฼Λ‫ܗ‬੒͍ͯ͠Δʢதඌ, 2012ʣɽ͔͠͠ɼ෱ౡ‫์Ͱނࣄൃݪ‬ग़͞Εͨηγ΢ϜͷΠΦϯ௚‫ܘ‬͸͜ͷ“޸” ʹͪΐ͏Ͳర·ΓࠐΉେ͖͞ͳͷͰΧϦ΢ϜҎ্ʹ‫ݻ͘ڧ‬ఆ͞ΕΔʢFig. 1ʣɽ਎ۙͳ΋ͷΛ࢖ͬͯϞσϧԽ
͢ΔͱɼύοΫʢӢ฼ʣʹ٧·͍ͬͯͨനཛʢΧϦ΢Ϝʣ͕੺ཛʢηγ΢Ϝʣʹஔ‫͞׵‬ΕΔΑ͏ͳΠϝʔδͰ͋Δ
ʢPhoto 1ʣɽཛύοΫ͸୯ମͷཛΑΓ΋େ͖͍ͷͰҠಈ͠ʹ͍͘ɽ͜ͷ‫ٵ͍ڧ‬ண͕ɼ‫͔ނࣄൃݪ‬Β 2 ೥Ҏ্‫ܦ‬աͨ͠ʹ΋͔͔ΘΒͣɼ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝ͕஍ද໘෇ۙʹ࢒
Fig. 1 ೪౔ද໘ʹ͋Δ࿡һ‫؀‬ͷ “མͱ͠޸”ʢJohnston, 2011ʣ.
“Pitfalls” of the six-membered ring on the clay surfaceʢJohnston,
2011ʣ.

ଘͨ͠Γɼ߱Ӎͷ‫ʹޙ‬టਫͷू·Γқ͍৔ॴʹ೪౔ཻࢠ͕ूੵͯ͠ϗοτεϙοτΛ‫ܗ‬੒ͨ͠Γ͢Δ‫ݪ‬Ҽʹͳ͍ͬͯΔɽPhoto 2 ͸‫ނࣄൃݪ‬ͷ 3 ͔݄‫ʹޙ‬൧‫ؘ‬ଜ಺ͷད஍ࣼ໘Ͱଌఆͨ͠์ࣹઢྔͰ͋ΔɽӍͰࣼ໘্෦ͷ೪౔

1 Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of ɹTokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan. Corresponding
authorɿߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউ, ౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պ
2014 ೥ 1 ݄ 12 ೔डߘɹ 2014 ೥ 2 ݄ 22 ೔डཧཻࢠ͕Լํʹӡ͹Εͨ݁Ռɼࣼ໘Լ෦ͷ์ࣹઢྔ͕ߴ͘ͳ͍ͬͯΔʢߔ‫ޱ‬, 2011ʣɽ
೶஍আછͱ͸ɼ೪౔ཻࢠΛআ‫͢ڈ‬Δ͜ͱͱ΄΅౳ՁͰ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)4ϧτͷΑ͏ʹ‫͍ͨݻ‬Ίʹɼ਺ cm ͷްΈͷౚ౔Λ஍‫ݩ‬೶Ո͕ॴ༗͢Δॏ‫Ͱػ‬༰қʹണ͕͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔɽචऀΒ͸ɼ2012 ೥ͷ 1 ݄ʹ 5 cm ఔ౓ౚ͍݁ͯ͠Δਫా౔৕Λ
ണ͗औΔ͜ͱͰɼ஍ද໘͔Βͷ์ࣹઢྔ͕ 1.28 μ Sv/h͔Β 0.16 μ Sv/h ʹ௿Լ͢Δ͜ͱΛ‫ݱ‬৔࣮‫֬Ͱݧ‬ೝͨ͠
ʢPhoto 3ʣɽ͜ͷ์ࣹઢྔͷ௿Լ͸ɼౚ౔ͷണ͗औΓʹΑͬͯ౔৕ද૚ͷ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝ͕আ‫ͱ͖ͨ͜Ͱڈ‬Λҙຯ͢Δɽ࣮‫Ͱݧ‬͸ 4 m × 5 m ͷ໘ੵͷౚ౔͕όοΫϗʔʹΑΓ 20 ෼ఔ౓Ͱޮ཰తʹണ͗औΒΕͨɽ͜ͷํ๏͸ࣗવͷ‫ʹ͞פ‬೚ͤΔ͚ͩͰྑ͘ɼલॲཧʹͱ΋ͳ͏࡞‫ۀ‬
Photo 1 ΧϦ΢Ϝͱަ‫ͯ͠׵‬Ӣ฼ؒʹ‫ݻ‬ఆ͞ΕΔ์ࣹੑηγ΢ϜͷϞσϧʢཛύοΫ = ೪౔γʔτɼനཛ = ΧϦ΢Ϝɼ੺ཛ = ηγ΢ϜʣɽEgg pack model to explain radiocaesium ﬁxation and exchangeof potassium in mica. (egg pack = a pair of clay sheets, white
egg = potassium, red egg = radiocaesium).

һͷඃരϦεΫΛ௿‫ͤ͞ݮ‬Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ͜ͷํ๏Λཧղ͢Δʹ͸ɼ 0 ◦ C ҎԼʹͳΔͱ౔৕ͷྗֶಛੑ΍ਫ෼ಛੑ͕େ͖͘มԽ͢ΔͳͲɺౚ౔ֶ΍ઇණֶͷ஌͕ࣝඞཁͰ͋Δɽͦ΋ͦ΋චऀ͕͜ͷํ๏Λࢥ͍͍ͭͨͷ͸ɼେֶӃ࣌୅ͷ‫ڀݚ‬ςʔϚ͕ “ౚ౔” Ͱ͋ͬͨ͜ͱ͕େ͖͍ɽ౰࣌ɼචऀ͸౔ͷౚ݁աఔͰະౚ౔͔Βౚ౔ʹͳͥਫ෼͕Ҡಈ͢Δͷ͔Λ‫͍ͨͯ͠ڀݚ‬ɽम࢜ 1೥Ͱ‫ڀݚ‬Λ࢝ΊΔʹ͋ͨͬͯ๺ւಓͷࣗવౚ౔΍େࡕͷ஍൫ౚ݁޻๏ͷ‫ݱ‬৔ʹߦ͖ɼ೔ຊઇණֶձһʹ΋ͳͬͨɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼ1990 ೥୅‫ޙ‬൒ʹ͸γϕϦΞͷӬ‫ٱ‬ౚ౔ͷௐࠪʹ΋ࢀՃͨ͠ɽ೶ֶ෼໺Ͱౚ౔‫͕ڀݚ‬Կͷ໾ʹཱͭͷ͔೰Έɼ‫ޙ‬ΖΊ͍ͨ‫ڀݚͰͪ࣋ؾ‬Λ͍͚ͯͨͩ͠ʹɼ·͔͞൧‫ؘ‬ଜͷ೶஍আછͰౚ౔‫͕ڀݚ‬໾ʹཱͭͱ͸શ͘ࢥͬͯ
͍ͳ͔ͬͨɽ·͞ʹ‫ڀݚ‬Λ͍ͯͯ͠ྑ͔ͬͨͱࢥͬͨॠ
ؒͩͬͨɽ

Photo 2 ൧‫ؘ‬ଜͷࣼ໘ʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹઢྔଌఆʢ2011. 6. 25ʣɽMeasurement of radiation dose on a slope near the Iitate Villageofﬁce.

3.2 ాंʹΑΔటਫ૟ग़͠๏ʢߔ‫ޱ‬, 2012bʣ
2012 ೥ 2 ݄ͷ࣌఺Ͱ൧‫ؘ‬ଜͷਫా౔৕ͷౚ݁ਂ͸‫ط‬
ʹ 10 cm Ҏ্ʹୡ͍ͯͨ͠ɽ͜ͷঢ়‫Ͱگ‬ʮౚ౔ണ͗औΓ๏ʯΛద༻͢Δͱɼංཊͳද౔Λແବʹࣦ͏ɽҰํɼय़ʹͳΔͱ஍ද໘ͷઇ΍ౚ౔͕༥ղ͠ɼటਫ͕஍தʹ࢒Δ
ౚ౔ʹߦ͘खΛ્·ΕΔͨΊʹɼਫాͷ͋ͪͪ͜ʹ์ࣹੑηγ΢ϜΛ‫ؚ‬ΜͩటΜ͜΍ਫཷΓ͕Ͱ͖ΔɽචऀΒ͸͜ͷటਫԽͨ͠౔ͷੑ࣭ʹண໨͠ɼ஍தʹౚ౔͕࢒ͬͯ
͍Δঢ়ଶͰ 5 cm ͙Β͍·Ͱౚ౔͕ղ͚Δय़ઌʹ஍ද໘ͷటਫΛ૟͖ͩͦ͏ͱߟ͑ͨɽ͔͠͠ɼ༧૝ʹ൓ͯ͠ౚ౔͸ύονঢ়ʹղ͚ΔͨΊʹ͜ͷํ๏͸࢖͑ͳ͔ͬͨɽ
௨ৗͷ୅͔͖Ͱ͸τϥΫλͷॏ͞Ͱηγ΢ϜΛ‫ؚ‬Μͩද૚౔͕஍தʹΊΓࠐΜͰ͠·͏ɽද૚౔ 5 cm ͚ͩͷ

Photo 3 ౚ౔ണ͗औΓʹΑΔআછʢ2012. 1. 8ʣɽ
Decontamination by stripping frozen soil method .

୅͔͖͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͩΖ͏͔ɽචऀ͸ਫా౔৕ͱਫΛೖΕͨϖοτϘτϧΛ࢖ͬͯετʔΫεͷ๏ଇΛઆ໌͠ͳ͕
ΒɼNPO ๏ਓͷϝϯόʔͱٞ࿦Λ‫܁‬Γฦͨ͠ɽ͜͏͠
ͨٞ࿦ͷ຤ɼࢥ͍͍ͭͨͷ͕ాंʹΑΔటਫ૟ग़͠๏Ͱ

͋Δɽ͜ͷ‫ج‬ຊ‫ݪ‬ଇΛཧղ͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ɼ೪౔߭෺ֶ΍೪౔ද໘Պֶͷ஌‫͍ͯͮجʹݟ‬ɼ೪౔ද໘ͷηγ΢Ϝͷ

͋Δɽ
ాं͸௨ৗɼా২͑‫࢖ʹޙ‬ΘΕΔʢதߞʣআ૲‫͋Ͱػ‬‫ڍ‬ಈΛ෼ࢠϨϕϧͰཧղ͓ͯ͘͠ඞཁ͕͋Δɽ

Δɽ2012 ೥ 4 ݄ʹ 5 m × 10 m ͷాΜ΅ʹ 5 cm ਂ͞ఔͷਫΛҾ͖ೖΕɼද૚ΛాंͰૡ͖ࠞͥɼటਫΛςχε

3. ೶஍আછͷٕज़։ൃίʔτϒϥγͰ૟͖ग़࣮͢‫ݧ‬Λߦͬͨʢ;͘͠·࠶ੜͷձ, 2012ʣɽ஫ਫ · ૡ͖ࠞͥ · ૟ग़͠Λ 3 ճ‫܁‬Γฦ͠ɼআ

3.1 ౚ౔ണ͗औΓ๏ ʢߔ‫ޱ‬, 2012aʣછલ‫ޙ‬ͷ౔৕தͷηγ΢ϜྔΛଌఆͨ͠ɽͦͷ݁Ռɼ͜෱ౡ‫ݝ‬൧‫ؘ‬ଜͰ͸ઇ͕গͳ͘‫ؾ‬Թ͕௿͍ͨΊʹౙ‫ʹظ‬ͷํ๏ʹΑΓ์ࣹੑηγ΢ϜΛ 80 % ఔ౓আ‫͖Ͱڈ‬Δ͜

౔৕͕ౚ݁͢Δɽࣗવౚ݁ͨ͠౔৕ʢౚ౔ʣ͸ΞεϑΝ

ͱΛ֬ೝͨ͠ʢFig. 2ʣɽ

γϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूɹղઆɿ์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ — ౔৕෺ཧʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔ͜ͱ —5

Fig. 2 ాंআછલ‫ޙ‬ͷ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝͷ෼෍ʢ;͘͠·࠶ੜͷձ, 2012ʣɽ
The rediocaesium proﬁles before/after rotary weeding (Resurrection of Fukushima, 2012).

Fig. 3 ഉਫ࿏ͷपล౔৕ͷਂ౓ผ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝೱ౓ʢߔ‫ޱ‬, 2012bʣɽ
Concentration of radiocaesium in the soil surrounding the drainage ditch.

໰୊͸టਫॲཧͰ͋Δɽ͜ͷ࣮‫Ͱݧ‬͸ɼటਫΛਫాͷपΓʹ۷ͬͨ 1 m ਂ͞ͷૉ۷Γͷഉਫ࿏ʹཷΊΔํ๏Λ࠾༻ͨ͠ɽͦͷ݁Ռɼਫాද૚͔Βআ‫͞ڈ‬Εͨటਫ͸࣮‫͔ݧ‬Β 3 ͔݄‫ޙ‬ͷ 7 ݄ʹ͸஍ԼਁಁͰͳ͘ͳΓɼഉਫ࿏ͷ஍ද໘ʹ͸‫ס‬૩ͨ͠೪౔ಛ༗ͷُ྾͕Ͱ͖͍ͯ
ͨɽFig. 3 ͸ഉਫ࿏ఈ໘͓Αͼఈ໘͔Β 25 cm ߴ͍ଆ໘͔Β 1 cm ͝ͱʹ౔৕Λ࠾औ͠ɼͦͷ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝೱ౓Λଌఆͨ݁͠ՌͰ͋Δʢߔ‫ޱ‬, 2012bʣɽ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝ͸ఈ໘͓Αͼଆ໘ͷ 6 ∼ 7 cm ʹ·Ͱ͔͠ਁಁͯ͠
͍ͳ͍ɽ͜Ε͸ૉ۷Γͷഉਫ࿏ͷఈ໘͓Αͼน໘͕౔
Photo 4 ాंʹΑΔআછ࣮‫ݧ‬ʢ;͘͠·࠶ੜͷձ, 2012ʣ( http://youtu.be/yco5Vio6j4k ).
Decontamination by rotary weeding method (Resurrectionof Fukushima, 2012) .

৕ͷᖤա‫ػ‬ೳʢീ഼, 1980ʣʹΑΓ์ࣹੑηγ΢ϜΛ‫ؚ‬Ή೪౔ཻࢠΛޮՌతʹัଊ͢ΔͨΊͰ͋Δɽͦͷ‫ݪ‬ཧ͸ɼ࠭ΛೖΕ͖ͨ݀͋ϖοτϘτϧ ʹటਫΛ஫͙؆୯ͳ
࣮‫ݧ‬ʢhttp://youtu.be/63rWkMGYyYAʣͰ͔֬ΊΒΕΔɽ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)6Λ۷ͬͯԚછ౔৕Λຒઃ͢Δ͜ͱͰ͋Δɽࣨ಺࣮‫ݧ‬ͷ݁ՌʹΑΔͱ 50 cm ఔ౓ͷඃԚછ౔Ͱ෴౔͢Ε͹์ࣹઢྔΛ 1/100 ͘Β͍ʹ‫ݮ‬ਰͰ͖Δ͜ͱ͕ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢ‫ٶ‬⃻, 2012ʣɽ͜ͷԾઆΛ‫͢ূݕ‬ΔͨΊʹɼචऀΒ͸ 2012 ೥ 12 ݄ʹ෱ౡ‫ݝ‬൧‫ؘ‬ଜࠤਢ‫׈‬ͷਫాʢ໿ 10 m × 30 mʣʹ͓͍ͯɼԚછද౔Λണ͗औΓɼͦΕΛஸೡʹຒઃ͢Δʮ·Ͱ͍޻๏ʯͷ࣮‫ݧ‬ΛߦͬͨʢPhoto 5ʣɽʮ·Ͱ͍ʯͱ͸ɼ‫ޠݹ‬ʮਅखʢ·ͯʣʯ͕‫ݯޠ‬ͷ൧‫ؘ‬ଜͷํ‫Ͱݴ‬ʮखؒՋΛ੯͠·ͣஸೡʹ৺ΛࠐΊͯʯͱ͍͏ҙຯͰ͋Δɽ͜ͷ޻๏͸ɼ೶
Photo 5 Ԛછ౔ͷຒઃ࡞‫ۀ‬ʢ2012 ೥ 12 ݄ʣ.
Burying work of contaminated soil .

஍আછରࡦͷٕज़ॻʢ೶ྛਫ࢈ল, 2013ʣʹ͋Δᶃද౔ണ͗औΓͱᶅ൓సߞΛஸೡʹ૊Έ߹Θͤͨ΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ
ຒઃͨ͠Ԛછ౔ͷ‫ڍ‬ಈΛ‫͢ࢹ؂‬ΔͨΊʹԚછ౔ΛຒΊ
ͨ 2 m × 30 m ͷ௕ล 30 m ͷ 5 m ͱ 20 m ͷ஍఺ʹ౔৕ηϯαʢ౔৕์ࣹઢ‫ܭ‬ɼ౔৕ਫ෼‫ܭ‬ɼ஍Թ · ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓‫ܭ‬ʣΛͦΕͧΕ 4 ૊ຒઃͨ͠ʢFig. 4ʣɽ·ͨɼԘϏύΠϓ
Ͱਂ͞ 1.5 m ͷ‫؍‬ଌҪΛઃஔͨ͠ɽ౔৕ηϯασʔλɼ஍ԼਫҐɼ‫ݱ‬஍‫ؾ‬৅σʔλ͸ 1 ִ࣌ؒؒͰσʔλϩΨʔʹ‫ه‬࿥͞Εɼ௨৴‫ثػ‬Λ‫ܦ‬༝ͯ͠‫ݱ‬஍पลͷը૾ͱ‫ʹڞ‬‫ݱ‬஍͔ΒΫϥ΢υαʔόʹຖ೔ࣗಈసૹ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ
ຒઃ౔৕ͷ์ࣹઢଌఆʹ͸ΨΠΨʔ · ϛϡϥʔʢGMʣ؅Λ༻͍ͨɽ͢ͳΘͪɼGM ؅Λ‫׬‬શ๷ਫ‫ܕ‬ͷϓϥενοΫ༰‫ث‬ʢ8 cm × 7 cm × 18 cmʣʹೖΕɼ1 ೔ 2 ճͷස౓Ͱ 60 ෼ؒͷ์ࣹઢྔΛΧ΢ϯτ͠ɼͦΕΛσʔλFig. 4 Ԛછ౔Λຒઃͨ͠ਫాʹ͓͚Δ‫༻ࢹ؂‬ηϯαͷ഑ஔਤ.
Allocation of sensors in a paddy that buried contaminated soil .

ϩΨʔʹ‫ه‬࿥͢ΔγεςϜΛࢼ࡞ͯ͠༻͍ͨɽ͜ͷγεϖοτϘτϧͷԼ͔Βಁ໌ͳਫ͕ग़ͯ͘Δ͕ɼ೪౔ཻࢠ

Ͱ͋Δɽ
2013 ೥ 4 ݄຤࣌఺Ͱ߱ਫྔɼ஍ԼਫҐɼ͓Αͼ౔৕த͸࠭ͷද૚ʹ࢒ΔͷͰ͋Δɽ

ͷ์ࣹઢྔʹ͍ͭͯ Fig. 5 ͷΑ͏ͳ݁Ռ͕ಘΒΕͨɽ

ςϜ͸ 6 W ͷιʔϥʔύωϧ 1 ຕͰ࡞ಈ͢Δͷ͕ಛ௃టਫ૟ग़͠๏Ͱ͸ɼ೪౔ཻࢠͷਫத଺ཹ࣌ؒͱ૟͖ग़

Ҫ‫ށ‬ͷਫਂ͸߱ӍʹԠ౴ͯ͠࠷େͰ 130 cmʢ஍Լਫ͠Λ‫ྃ͢׬‬ΔλΠϛϯά͕ॏཁͰ͋Δɽੲ͔Β࣮ફ͞Ε

Ґ 20 cmʣ·Ͱ‫্ʹܹٸ‬ঢ͠ɼ߱Ӎఀࢭ‫ʹޙ‬ঃʑʹ௿Լ͖ͯͨʮ୅͔͖ʯͷஂཻഁյͷޮՌ΍౔ཻࢠͷ௜߱଎౓͠ɼ࣍ͷ߱ӍͰ࠶ͼ্ঢ͢Δ܏޲Λࣔͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼຒઃͷؔ܎ɼద౰ͳ೶‫ࡐࢿۀ‬Λ࢖ͬͨ೪౔ཻࢠͷ෼ࢄ · ‫ूڽ‬͞ΕͨԚછ౔ͷத৺ͷ์ࣹઢྔ͸ 211 cpm Ͱ͋Δͷʹର‫ݱ‬৅ͷԠ༻ͳͲɼίϩΠυՊֶʹؔ͢Δ஌‫ݟ‬Λ੔ཧ͢Δ

͠ɼԚછ౔ͷԼͷඇԚછ౔தͷ์ࣹઢྔ͸ 20 cm ԼͰ 19ͱΑΓޮ཰తͳআછ๏ͷ։ൃʹͭͳ͕Δ Մೳੑ͕͋Δɽ

cpmɼ60 cm ԼͰ 8 cpm ͩͬͨɽ͜Ε͸౔ͷःณޮՌʹऄ଍ͳ͕Βɼ͜ͷํ๏Λ࣮ફ͢ΔલʹʮాंʯͷଘࡏΛΑΓԚછ౔͔Βͷ์ࣹઢ͕‫ݮ‬ਰ͢Δ͜ͱΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δɽ

஌͍ͬͯͨͷ͸;͘͠·࠶ੜͷձͷϝϯόʔͷதͰ΋ɼ͞Βʹ͸ɼ߱Ӎʹͱ΋ͳ͏‫ͳܹٸ‬஍ԼਫͷมԽʹ΋͔͔೶Ոͷੁ໺फ෉͞Μͱචऀʢ೶Ոग़਎ʣ͚ͩͩͬͨɽ೶

ΘΒͣ౔৕์ࣹઢྔ͸΄ͱΜͲมԽ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɽ͜Ε͸Ոࣗ਎͕Ͱ͖Δଞͷআછ๏Λߟ͑Δࡍʹɼ֤஍Ҭʹ࢒ͬຒઃ͔ͯ͠Β໿ 5 ͔݄ؒͰԚછ౔͔Β์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝ͕

͍ͯΔ఻౷తͳ೶Ոͷ஌‫ܙ‬Λੵ‫ۃ‬తʹ‫͢༻׆‬Δ͜ͱ΋େ࿙Ӯ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍͜ͱΛҙຯ͢Δɽ

੾Ͱ͋Δɽ

·Ͱ͍޻๏ʹ͓͚Δ࠷େͷ՝୊͸ɼຒઃԚછ౔͔Β௕

3.3 Ԛછද౔ͷຒઃ࣮‫޻͍Ͱ· — ݧ‬๏ʢߔ‫ޱ‬, 2013aʣ‫ʹؒظ‬Θͨͬͯηγ΢Ϝ͕࿙Εͳ͍͜ͱΛূ໌͢Δ͜ͱ‫ࡏݱ‬൧‫ؘ‬ଜ಺ͷ͋ͪͪ͜Ͱද౔ണ͗औΓʹΑΔআછ޻Ͱ͋Δɽ‫ࡏݱ‬͸์ࣹઢ‫ܭ‬Λຒઃͯ͠౔৕தͷ์ࣹઢྔΛࣄ͕࣮ࢪ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ͔͠͠ͳ͕ΒɼআછͰग़͖ͯͨԚ

‫͍ͯ͠ࢹ؂‬Δ͕ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶͷ෼໺Ͱ࢖ΘΕͯ HYDRUSછ౔৕ͷॲཧ͕େ͖ͳ՝୊ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɽഇ౔ॲ෼৔Λ౳ͷγϛϡϨʔγϣϯιϑτΛ࢖͍ͳ͕Βɼਫͷਁಁʹ൧‫ؘ‬ଜ಺ʹ࡞Δͱͯ͠΋ͦͷ৔ॴͷબఆ͕೉͘͠ɼԾʹͱ΋ͳ͏ηγ΢ϜҠಈΛ༧ଌ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ඞཁͰ͋Δɽಛ

৔ॴ͕ܾ·ͬͨͱͯ͠΋ॲ෼৔ͷ༰ྔ͸͙͢ʹ๞࿨ঢ়ଶʹɼ೪౔΍༗‫ػ‬෺ͷίϩΠυͱͯ͠ͷҠಈͷՄೳੑΛ‫ݕ‬ͱͳΔ͜ͱ͕༧૝͞ΕΔɽ·ͨɼपล΁ͷคਖʹΑΔ์

౼͢Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁͰ͋Δɽ

ࣹੑ෺࣭֦ࢄϦεΫ͕͋Γɼ͞Βʹɼ์ࣹੑ෺࣭Λ‫ؚ‬Ή

3.4 ઙ୅͔͖‫੍ڧ‬ഉਫ๏ʢߔ‫ޱ‬, 2013bʣ

Ԛછ౔৕Λॲ෼৔ʹҠಈͤ͞Δ్தͰআછΛࡁ·ͤͨ஍‫͔ނࣄൃݪ‬Β 3 ೥໨Λܴ͑ɼਫాʹ͸૲΍ᕲ໦͕ൟҬ΁์ࣹੑ෺࣭Λ࠶֦ࢄͤ͞ΔϦεΫ΋͋Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ໜ͠ɼΠϊγγ͕஍ද໘Λ۷Γ‫͠ى‬ɺయ‫ܕ‬తͳߞ࡞์‫غ‬ͳঢ়‫گ‬ԼͰߟ͑ΒΕΔ‫࣮ݱ‬తͳରࡦ͸ɼ೶஍ͷҰ֯ʹ݀ঢ়ଶʹͳ͍ͬͯΔɽߦ੓తʹԚછ౔৕ͷॲ෼஍͕ܾΊΒγϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूɹղઆɿ์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ — ౔৕෺ཧʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔ͜ͱ —7

Fig. 5 ਫా୷ਫʹ൐͏‫؍‬ଌҪ‫ށ‬ਫҐͱ౔৕಺์ࣹઢྔͷมԽ.
Changes in soil radiation dose (cpm) and water level in a well in ﬂooded rice ﬁeld .

ᖤա‫ػ‬ೳʯʹΑͬͯటਫ͕஍தʹਁಁ͢ΔաఔͰ೪౔ཻ
ࢠ͕౔৕ؒܺʹัଊ͞ΕΔ͜ͱΛ‫ݪ‬ཧతʹཧղ͢Δඞཁ
͕͋Δɻ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɼ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝ͕༗‫ػ‬෺ʹ‫ٵ‬ண͠ɼͦͷ༗‫ػ‬෺͕ίϩΠυΛ‫ܗ‬੒ͯ͠ਁಁ͢Δ৔߹Ͱ΋ัଊ͞ΕΔͷ͔Ͳ͏͔͸ෆ໌ͳ఺΋͋ΔɽͦͷҙຯͰ͸౔৕தʹ͓͚ΔίϩΠυͷҠಈ΍ΫϩοΪϯάͷ‫ݱ‬৅Λ౔৕෺ཧ‫ͯ͠ͱڀݚ‬ղ໌͢Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁͰ͋Δɽ

4. ์ࣹઢηϯαΛ༻͍ͨϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάγεςϜ
Photo 6 ୅͔͖‫੍ڧ‬ഉਫ๏ʢ2013.5.18ʣ
ਖ਼໘ɿhttp://youtu.be/rqOyqHwZEFQଆ໘ɿhttp://youtu.be/4uwW2gfHQJA ɽ
Decontamination by forced drainage of puddling muddy water .

൧‫ؘ‬ଜ͸‫ࡏݱ‬΋ආ೉۠Ҭʹࢦఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔͨΊɼඃ͹͘ྔΛߟ͑Δͱ‫ݱ‬஍ʹ‫ܧ‬ଓతʹுΓ͍ͭͯͷ‫ܭڥ؀‬ଌ͸ࠔ೉Ͱ͋Δɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼϦϞʔτͰ‫ݱ‬஍ͷঢ়‫گ‬Λ࿈ଓϞχλϦϯάͰ͖ΔγεςϜͷಋೖ͕༗ޮͰ͋ΔɽΕͳ͍ঢ়‫گ‬ͷதͰɼ͜ΕҎ্ਫాΛ์ஔ͢ΔͱআછͲ͜

ϑΟʔϧυͷ‫ܭڥ؀‬ଌͰ͸ɼ௨ৗɼηϯαͱσʔλϩΨʔΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤͨγεςϜ͕࢖ΘΕΔɽԕִ஍ʹ͜ͷ

Ζ͔೶஍ͱͯ͠ͷ࠶ੜͦͷ΋ͷ͕ࠔ೉ʹͳΔɽͦ͜Ͱɼ

γεςϜΛઃஔͨ͠৔߹ɼ‫ݱ‬஍͔Β໭ͬͨ‫ʹޙ‬σʔλΛஶऀΒ͸ 2013 ೥ 5 ݄ʹ೶Ոࣗ਎͕อ༗͢ΔτϥΫλΛ

֬ೝͰ͖ɼԾʹσʔλ͕औΕ͍ͯͳ͍ͱ͖ʹ͸ͦͷ‫ݪ‬Ҽ࢖࣮ͬͯࢪͰ͖Δʮ୅͔͖‫੍ڧ‬ഉਫ๏ʯͷ࣮‫ݧ‬ΛࢼΈͨɽΛਪଌͰ͖ΔͱศརͰ͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱɼචऀ͸ɼ‫ݱ‬஍ʹઃ͜Ε͸ɼਫాͷҰ֯ʹૉ۷Γͷ݀Λ۷Γɼ୅͔͖Ͱൃ

ஔͨ͠σʔλϩΨʔ΍ Web ΧϝϥΛҰ࣌తʹΠϯλʔ

ੜ͢ΔటਫΛૉ۷Γͷ݀ʹྲྀ͠ࠐΉํ๏Ͱ͋ΔʢPhotoωοτʹ઀ଓ͢ΔʮϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάγεςϜ

6ʣɽτϥΫλͷࣗॏͰද૚౔͕ΊΓࠐΉ͜ͱ͸ආ͚ΒʢFMS; Field Monitoring SystemʣʯΛண૝͠ɼඞཁͳཁૉ

Εͳ͍͕ɼਫా͸‫ʹط‬ΠϊγγʹΑͬͯ۷Γฦ͞Εٕͯ͠ज़Λ։ൃ͖ͯͨ͠ʢߔ‫ޱ‬, 2012cʣɽ

·͍ͬͯΔɽ୅͔͖ΛԿ౓͔‫܁‬Γฦ͢͜ͱͰ೪౔ཻࢠʹ

FMS ͸ɼ‫ݱ‬஍ͷσʔλϩΨʔʹ௨৴‫ػ‬ೳΛ෇Ճ͠ɼΠ‫ݻ‬ఆ͞Εͨ์ࣹੑηγ΢ϜΛ࡞౔૚͔Βগͣͭ͠আ‫͢ڈ‬ϯλʔωοτ‫ܦ‬༝ͰσʔλΛαʔόʹసૹ͠ɼϢʔβ͕Δ͜ͱΛߟ͑ͨɽ͜ͷ࣮‫Ͱݧ‬΋Ұ࿈ͷ࡞‫ۀ‬ͷաఔʹ͓͚ͦͷαʔό͔Βࣗ෼ͷ PC ΍‫ܞ‬ଳ୺຤ʹσʔλΛऔΓग़Δਫాͷۭؒઢྔ΍ૉ۷Γ݀ͷ஍ද໘ͱ஍Լ 40 cm ͷ์͢γεςϜͰ͋ΔʢFig. 6ʣɽ͜ͷγεςϜͷॏཁͳٕࣹઢྔΛ 3.3 ͱಉ༷ͷํ๏ͰϞχλϦϯάͨ͠ɽ͜ͷํ๏͸೶ਫলϚχϡΞϧͷᶄਫʹΑΔ౔৕֧፩ ·আ‫ͱڈ‬ᶅ൓సߞͷ૊Έ߹ΘͤͰ͋Δɽ͜ͷํ๏ͷ߹ཧੑज़͸ɼϑΟʔϧυϧʔλʢFRʣɼωοτϫʔΫΞμϓλ
ʢNAʣɼσʔλαʔόʢDSʣͰ͋Δɽ

4.1 ϑΟʔϧυϧʔλʢFRʣʢMizoguchi et al., 2011ʣΛཧղ͢Δʹ͸ాंআછ๏ͱಉ༷ʹίϩΠυՊֶʹؔ͢

FR ͸ ɼ‫ݱ‬஍σʔλΛΠϯλʔωοτ‫ܦ‬༝ͰαʔόʹΔ஌‫͕ݟ‬ඞཁͰ͋Δɽ͢ͳΘͪɼ3.2 Ͱड़΂ͨʮ౔৕ͷ

సૹ͢Δ‫͋Ͱثػ‬ΓɼϦΞϧλΠϜੑΛଟগ٘ਜ਼ʹͯ͠౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)8

Fig. 6 ϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάγεςϜͷུ֓ਤ.
Schematic diagram of the Field Monitoring SystemʢFMSʣ.

ͷ༷ࢠΛෳ਺ͷ֯౓͔Β‫ݟ‬Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δɽ͞Βʹ͸ɼFR ͕ͳͯ͘΋࠷ۙී‫͍ͯ͠ٴ‬Δ Android ‫ܞ‬ଳΞϓϦ͔ΒσʔλΛऔಘ͢Δ͜ͱ΋ՄೳͰ͋Δɽ

4.3 σʔλαʔό ʢDSʣFR Ͱసૹ͞Εͨ‫ݱ‬৔σʔλ͸ɼσʔλαʔόʢDSʣʹอଘ͞ΕΔɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼϢʔβ͸ Web ͷϙʔλϧαΠτ͔Β DS ʹΞΫηε͢Δ͚ͩͰɼԕִ஍ͷը૾ͱσʔλʹΞΫηεͰ͖ΔʢFig. 9ʣɽ·ͨɼ‫ݱ‬஍σʔλͷଞʹσʔλϩΨʔͷి஑ͷফ໣۩߹ͳͲɼFR ͷՔಇঢ়‫گ‬Λ֬ೝͰ͖Δɽ
Fig. 7 ϑΟʔϧυϧʔλͷུ֓ਤ.
Schematic diagram of the FieldRouter TM (FR) .

೔୯ҐͰσʔλʹΞΫηε͢Δͷ͕ಛ௃Ͱ͋Δɽ

4.4 ൧‫ؘ‬ଜ಺ͷ‫ڥ؀‬ϞχλϦϯά ʢMizoguchi et al.,2012ʣআછͷޮՌΛධՁ͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ɼ͍͔ͭ͘ͷॏཁͳϙΠϯτʢϗοτεϙοτʣͰ‫ܧ‬ଓతʹ์ࣹઢϞχλϦϯ
άΛߦ͏ඞཁ͕͋Δɽಛʹɼ߱ਫྔ΍෩޲෩଎ͳͲͷ‫ؾ‬FR ͷߏ੒͸ɼMicro-PCɼUSB ϞσϜɼUSB Bluetooth৅ͱ์ࣹઢྔͷؔ܎ɼ߱ਫྔͱখՏ઒ͷྲྀग़ྔ΍୙ਫྔυϯάϧɼখ‫ܕ‬όοςϦɼνϟʔδίϯτϩʔϥɼιʔͱͷؔ܎ɼ஍ԼਫҐมಈʹͱ΋ͳ͏ຒઃͨ͠Ԛછ౔৕ͷϥʔύωϧɼλΠϚʔɼεςʔλεϥϯϓɼWeb Χϝϥ‫ڍ‬ಈΛ஫ҙਂ͘‫؍‬ଌ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁͰ͋Δɽ൧‫ؘ‬ଜ಺ʹͰ͋Δɽ͜ΕΒͷ෦඼͕ɼ๷ਫ · ๷ਖՃ޻͞Εͨശʹऩ͸ߦ੓۠಺ͷਫాɼ৿ྛɼຽՈͳͲɼ‫ܞ‬ଳి࿩ͷి೾͕ೖೲ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢFig. 7ʣɽλΠϚʔʹΑΓ FR ͷՔಇ࣌ؒΔෳ਺ͷ஍఺ʹ FMS ͕ઃஔ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽͦΕΒͷσʔ͸ 1 ೔ 30 ෼ʹ੍‫͍ͯ͠ݶ‬ΔͨΊɼిྗফඅྔ͕ԡ͑͞

λ͸Πϯλʔωοτ‫ܦ‬༝Ͱ PC ΍εϚʔτϑΥϯΛ࢖ͬΒΕɼ6 W ఔ౓ͷιʔϥʔύωϧͰՔಈ͢ΔɽFR ͕ఆͯͲ͔͜ΒͰ΋‫ݟ‬Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ࣌ʹ্ཱ͕ͪΔͱɼWeb Χϝϥͷ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ͱ֤σʔλϩ

Fig. 10 ͸ɼ൧‫ؘ‬ଜͷʢAʣ৿ྛ಺ɼʢBʣ৿ྛെ࠾஍ɼ

Ψʔͷσʔλ͕Πϯλʔωοτ‫ܦ‬༝Ͱαʔόʹૹ৴͞Ε

ʢCʣຽՈͷఉͰଌఆ͍ͯ͠ΔۭؒઢྔσʔλͷҰྫͰ

ΔɽFR ͸೔ຊࠃ಺ͳΒ΄ͱΜͲͷ஍ҬͰར༻Ͱ͖ɼւ

͋Δɽ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾σʔλͱൺֱ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓੵઇͰۭؒ

֎Ͱ͋Ε͹ɼର৅ͱ͢Δ஍ҬͰ GSM/3G ͷ‫ܞ‬ଳి࿩͕࢖

ઢྔ͕௿Լ͢Δ͜ͱ΍ɼ‫ؾ‬৅σʔλͱൺֱ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑ͑Δ͜ͱΛ֬ೝ্ͨ͠Ͱͦͷࠃ಺ͷ SIM ΧʔυΛ USBΓ੖ఱͰ‫ס‬૩ͨ͠೔ʹۭؒઢྔ͕ߴ͘ͳΔ܏޲͕͋Δ͜ϞσϜʹૠೖ͢Ε͹ར༻Ͱ͖Δɽ

ͱͳͲ͕Θ͔Δɽͨͩ͠ɼ͜͜Ͱར༻ͨ͠์ࣹઢηϯα

4.2 ωοτϫʔΫΞμϓλ ʢNAʣ͸։ൃதͷϑΥτμΠΦʔυ൒ಋମηϯαʢRadiation-

watch.org, 2011ʣͷͨΊɼ࣌ʑࡶԻΛरͬͯσʔλ͕ෆNA ͸ɼγϦΞϧ௨৴ϙʔτΛ࣋ͭσʔλϩΨʔʹ
Bluetooth ௨৴‫ػ‬ೳΛ෇Ճ͢Δ‫͋Ͱثػ‬ΔʢFig. 8ʣɽNA҆ఆʹͳΔ͜ͱ͕͋Δɽ͔͠͠ɼఆ఺ࣗಈ‫؍‬ଌʹΑΔ࿈

͸γϦΞϧ઀ଓՄೳͳશͯͷσʔλϩΨʔʹରԠ͢Δɽଓσʔλ͸ɼ์ࣹઢมԽͷτϨϯυΛ‫ݟ‬Δʹ͸༗ޮͰ͋·ͨɼBluetooth ରԠͷΧϝϥΛ૿ઃ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓ‫ݱ‬஍Δɽࠓ‫ޙ‬ɼ์ࣹઢηϯαͷઐ໳Ոͱ࿈‫ͯ͠ܞ‬ΑΓྑ͍ηγϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूɹղઆɿ์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ — ౔৕෺ཧʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔ͜ͱ —9

Fig. 8 ωοτϫʔΫΞμϓλͷར༻๏.
Usage of Network adapter .

Fig. 9 ൧‫ؘ‬ଜͷਫా‫ڥ؀‬ϞχλϦϯάϙʔλϧαΠτ( http://www.iai.ga.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/mizo/edrp/fukushima/monitoringsite.html ).
A portal site for the environmental monitoring data at a paddy ﬁeld in Iitate village .

5. ͓ΘΓʹ
ϯα։ൃΛਐΊΔඞཁ͕͋ΔɽϑΟʔϧυՊֶʹͱͬͯԕִ஍ͷϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦ
ϯά͸ΩʔςΫϊϩδͰ͋ΔɽηϯαωοτϫʔΫɼΫϥ΢υɼϏοΫσʔλ౳ɼ࠷৽ͷ৘ใ௨৴ٕज़Λ࢖͏͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼϑΟʔϧυ‫ڀݚ‬ͷํ๏Λࠜఈ͔Βม͑ΔՄೳੑΛൿΊ͍ͯΔɽࣗಈతʹճऩ͞ΕΔ๲େͳσʔλΛ͍͔ʹॲཧ͠ɼΘ͔Γ΍͘͢఻͑Δ͔ɼ৘ใՊֶ෼໺ͷ‫ͱऀڀݚ‬ͷ࿈‫͕ܞ‬ෆՄܽͰ͋Δɽ͜Ε͔Βͷए͍౔৕෺
ཧֶձһ͸ɼΫϥ΢υ΍ϏοΫσʔλΛѻ͑Δ৽͍͠৘ใ௨৴ٕज़Λ࢖͍͜ͳͤΔΑ͏ɼ͋Δఔ౓ͷϓϩάϥϛ
ϯάεΩϧΛߴΊ͓ͯ͘ඞཁ͕͋Δɽ

ৗʑɼචऀ͸‫ڀݚ‬͸ࣗ༝ͳൃ૝ʹ‫͖ͩ΂͏ߦ͍ͯͮج‬ͱࢥ͍ͬͯΔɽ͔͠͠ɼ‫Ͱނࣄൃݪ‬Ԛછ͞Εͨ೶஍౔৕
আછʹؔͯ͠͸ɼੈքதͷશͯͷ෼໺ͷ‫͕ऀڀݚ‬૯ྗઓͰҰࠁ΋ૣ͍ղܾࡦΛఏࣔ͢΂͖໰୊Ͱ͋Δͱࢥ͍ͬͯ
Δɽͦ͏ͨ͠ঢ়‫گ‬ͷதͰɼ౔৕෺ཧֶ͸େมॏཁͳֶ໰
Ͱ͋Δɽͦͯ͠ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶͷઐ໳ՈूஂͰߏ੒͞ΕΔ
౔৕෺ཧֶձʹ͸େ͖ͳ‫ظ‬଴ͱ੹೚͕՝ͤΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ
͜͏ͨ͠ঢ়‫گ‬ͷதͰͲ͏͢΂͖͔ɽࢲͨͪ౔৕෺ཧֶձ
һ͸ɼࣾձχʔζΛత֬ʹ೺Ѳ͠ɼ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ͰԚછ͞
Εͨ౔஍ͷ࠶ੜͱ͍͏‫ڞ‬௨ͷ໨ඪʹ޲͔ͬͯɼ·ͣ͸‫ݱ‬৔Λ‫ͯݟ‬ɼಊʑͱଞ෼໺ͷ‫ऀڀݚ‬΍ٕज़ऀɼ࣌ʹ͸ߦ੓౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)10㻲㼛㼞㼑㼟㼠㻌㼍㼞㼑㼍㻰㼑㼒㼛㼞㼑㼟㼠㻌㼍㼞㼑㼍
㻝㻛㻝㻥

㻝㻛㻞㻞

㻳㼍㼞㼐㼑㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼍㻌㼔㼛㼡㼟㼑

Fig. 10 ൧‫ؘ‬ଜʹઃஔ͞Εͨࡾ͔ॴͷ FMS αΠτʹ͓͚Δۭؒઢྔͷൺֱ.
Comparison of radiation dose at three FMS sites in Iitate Village (a garden, a forest, and a deforested area) .

΍ NPO ϝϯόʔͱ‫͕ͳ͠ྗڠ‬Β໰୊ղܾʹߩ‫͍ͯ͠ݙ‬͘͜ͱ͕େ੾Ͱ͋Δɽߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউ (2012b): ೶஍আછͷ৽ͨͳࢼΈ. ֶज़ͷಈ޲, 10: 52–56.
ߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউ (2012c): ϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάγεςϜ. ਫ౔ͷ஌,Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬

80(9): 50.
Mizoguchi, M., Ito, T. and Kobayashi, D. (2012): Environmental;͘͠·࠶ੜͷձ (2013): http://www.fukushima-saisei.jp (2014೥ 2 ݄‫)ࡏݱ‬.

monitoring of village contaminated by radionuclides, Proceedings of AFITA/WCCA 2012, p.138, Taipei, Taiwan.

Johnston, C.T. (2011): ೪౔ද໘ͷ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝͷ‫ٵ‬ணಛߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউ (2013a): ෱ౡ‫ݝ‬൧‫ؘ‬ଜͷਫాʹ͓͚Δ Cs Ԛછද౔ͷੑ ͱ ͦ ͷ ‫ ڍ‬ಈ. ಛ ผ η ϛ φ ʔ ࢿ ྉ ɼhttp://www.iai.ga.a.u-ຒઃ࣮‫ݧ‬. ೶‫ۀ‬೶ଜ޻ֶߨԋཁࢫ, 660–661.
ߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউ (2013b): ౔৕আછͱ์ࣹઢϞχλϦϯά. ‫ܭ‬ଌͱ੍‫ޚ‬,

tokyo.ac.jp/mizo/seminar/110530cliffseminar.htmlʢ2014 ೥ 2݄‫ࡏݱ‬ʣɽ

52(8): 730–735.

தඌɹ३ (2012): ηγ΢Ϝͷ౔৕‫ٵ‬ணͱ‫ݻ‬ఆ. ֶज़ͷಈ޲, 10:45.

Radiation-watch.org. (2011): ARCHIVE 2011/07/22, http://www.
radiation-watch.org/ (2014 ೥ 2 ݄‫)ࡏݱ‬.

೶ྛਫ࢈ল (2013): ೶஍আછରࡦͷٕज़ॻ. ฏ੒ 25 ೥ 2 ݄ɽԘ୔ɹণɼా໺Ҫ‫ܚ‬ଠ࿕ɼࠜຊ‫ܓ‬հɼ٢ాमҰ࿠ɼ੢ా࿨߂ɼ‫ڮ‬‫ ⃻ ٶ‬ɹ‫( ؽ‬2012): ౔ʹΑΔηγ΢Ϝ์ࣹઢͷ‫ݮ‬ਰޮՌ, ౦೔ຊຊɹ݈ɼࡩҪ݈ଠɼத੢༑ࢠɼೋළ௚ొɼখ໺༐࣏ (2011):

େ਒ࡂ͔Βͷ೶ྛਫ࢈‫ۀ‬ͷ෮‫ — ͚ͯ޲ʹڵ‬ඃ֐ͷೝࣝͱཧ෱ౡ‫ݝ‬ͷਫా౔৕ʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝͷਂ౓ผೱ౓ͱ

ղɼ෮‫΁ڵ‬ͷςΫχΧϧ Ϧίϝϯσʔγϣϯ —. ೔ຊ೶ֶҠྲྀ଎౓ɽRADIOISOTOPESɼ60: 323–328ɽ

ձ, 21, http://www.ajass.jp/image/recom2012.1.13.pdf ʢ2014೥ 2 ݄‫ࡏݱ‬ʣɽࢁ‫ࢠلޱ‬ɼߴా༟հɼྛ݈ଠ࿠ɼੴ઒ɹ֮ɼ૔ມਖ਼ਓɼ٢઒ল

ߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউ (2011): ηγ΢ϜԚછ؇࿨ʹటͷੑ࣭Λੜ͔ͤ — ൧‫ؘ‬ଜͰߟ͑Δ. ‫ץق‬஍Ҭ, 7: 87–89.

ࢠɼࡔ‫ޱ‬ɹರɼேాɹ‫ܠ‬ɼ࿨ӱ࿕ଠɼ຀໺஌೭ɼ੺Ӌ‫ࢠز‬ɼฏ‫ؘ‬ढ़ଠ࿠ (2012): ౔৕ – ২෺‫͚͓ʹܥ‬Δ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝͷ

Mizoguchi, Ito, T., Chusnul, A., Mitsuishi, S. and Akazawa, M.
(2011): Quasi real-time ﬁeld network system for monitoring
remote agricultural ﬁelds, Proceedings of SICE Annual Con-‫ڍ‬ಈͱͦͷมಈཁҼ. ೶‫ݚ؀‬ใ, 31: 75–129ɽീ഼හ༤ (1980): ᖤա‫ػ‬ೳʹؔ࿈͢Δࣄ߲. ౔৕ͷ෺ཧ. pp.142–

156, ౦‫ژ‬େֶग़൛ձʢୈ 3 ࡮ʣɼ౦‫ژ‬.

ference, 1586.
ߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউ (2012a): ౙͷؒʹౚ౔Λണ͗औΕ! — ࣗવౚ౔ണऔΓ๏ʹΑΔ౔৕আછ —. ೶‫ۀ‬೶ଜ޻ֶձࢽ, 80(2): 152.

ཁࢫ೶ਫল͸෱ౡͰද౔ണ͗औΓ๏ʹΑΔ೶஍আછΛߦ͍ͬͯΔɽ͔͠͠ɼԚછ౔৕ͷ࠷ऴॲ෼஍͸ܾ·͍ͬͯͳ͍ɽҰࠁ΋ૣ͍೶‫࠶ۀ‬ੜͷͨΊʹ͸ɼ೶ՈࣗΒ͕࣮ࢪՄೳͳআછํ๏Λ։ൃ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁͰ͋
Δɽචऀ͸ NPO ๏ਓͱ‫ڠ‬ಇͰɼ೪౔ͱηγ΢Ϝͷੑ࣭Λ‫͔ͨ͠׆‬আછ๏ͷ։ൃʹऔΓ૊ΜͰ͍Δɽຊ࿦จͰ͸ɼ͍͔ͭ͘ͷ‫ݱ‬৔࣮‫ݧ‬Λ঺հ͠ͳ͕Βɼ෱ౡʹ͓͚Δ౔৕෺ཧֶ‫ڀݚ‬ͷώϯτʹ͍ͭͯड़΂ΔɽΩʔϫʔυɿ೶஍আછɼ೪౔Պֶɼౚ౔ɼ୅͔͖ɼϞχλϦϯά

シンポジウム特集

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.

⥲ࠉㄝ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

Review

No. 126, p.11 ∼ 21 (2014)౔৕΁ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ٵ‬ணϝΧχζϜࢁ‫ ࢠلޱ‬1

Adsorption mechanism of radiocesium on soil
Noriko YAMAGUCHI1

1. ͸͡Ίʹ

et al., 2008ʣɽେ‫ݧ࣮֩಺ݍؾ‬΍νΣϧϊϒΠϦࣄ‫ނ‬༝དྷͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ౔৕தͰͷ൓Ԡ‫ڍ‬ಈʹ͍ͭͯ͸ଟ͘ͷ‫ݚ‬Ұ౓౔৕ʹ‫ٵ‬ணͨ͠์ࣹੑηγ΢ϜʢCsʣ͕౔৕༹ӷ‫ڀ‬੒Ռ͕ൃද͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ͜ΕΒ͸౦‫ྗిژ‬෱ౡୈҰ‫ݪ‬ʹ࠶෼഑͞ΕΔׂ߹͸ඇৗʹΘ͔ͣͰ͋Δɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͕ࢠྗൃిॴࣄ‫ނ‬༝དྷͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ڍ‬ಈΛղੳ͢Δ͏͑೶࡞෺ʹΑΔ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ٵࠜܦ‬ऩྔΛ࠷খ‫ʹݶ‬཈͑ͯͰ༗༻Ͱ͋ΔɽຊߘͰ͸ɼಛʹ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ౔৕தͰͷ

͍ΔҰํͰɼۭؒઢྔΛԼ͛Δ͜ͱΛ໨తͱͨ͠౔৕ͷಈଶϞσϧ΍২෺ҠߦϞσϧΛ։ൃ · ਫ਼៛Խ͢ΔͨΊʹআછΛ೉͍͠΋ͷʹ͢ΔҰҼͱ΋ͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ‫ܯ‬ռ۠Ҭ಺ͷ೶ߞ஍౔৕ʢ0 ∼ 15 cmʣʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹੑ Cs ೱ౓ͷ࠷େ஋͸ 134 Cs Ͱ 91173 Bq kg−1 ‫౔ס‬ɼ 137 Cs Ͱ 111922

Bq kg−1 ‫ͨͬ͋Ͱ౔ס‬ʢTakata et al., 2014, ‫ج‬४೔͸ 2011
೥ 11 ݄ 5 ೔ʣɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳԚછఔ౓ͷߴ͍౔৕Ͱ͋ͬͯ
΋ɼBq ୯ҐΛ mol ୯Ґʹ‫͢ࢉ׵‬Δͱ Cs ೱ౓͸ɼ2.7 ×
10−10 mol kg−1 Ͱ͋Δɽ౔৕தʹ͓͚Δ‫ٵ‬ண · ಈଶϞσϧΛߟ͑Δ͏͑Ͱɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ೱ౓͸෺࣭ྔͱͯ͠‫ۃ‬Ίͯ௿ೱ౓Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱʹཹҙ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ
134 Cs ͱ 137 Cs ͷ൒‫ظݮ‬͸ͦΕͧΕ 2.06 ೥, 30.2 ೥Ͱඞཁͳ஌‫ͯ͠ͱݟ‬ɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ͕౔৕ߏ੒੒෼ʹอ࣋͞ΕΔϝΧχζϜɼ͓Αͼ౔৕ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ‫ݻ‬ఆೳͷධՁ๏ʹ͍ͭͯ֓આ͢Δɽ

2. ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ݻ‬ӷ෼഑Λද͢ࢦඪ
2.1 ෼഑܎਺
౔৕ͱ౔৕༹ӷ͕ฏߧঢ়ଶʹ͋Δͱ͖ɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ͕ͲͷΑ͏ͳׂ߹Ͱ౔৕ͱ౔৕༹ӷʹ෼഑͞ΕΔ͔Λࣔ͢࠷΋୯७ͳࢦඪ͸෼഑܎਺ʢKd , L kg−1 ʣͰ͋Δɽ

͋Δɽ์ग़௚‫ޙ‬ͷ 134 Cs ͱ 137 Cs ͷ์ࣹೳൺ͸΄΅ 1 : 1
Ͱ͋ΓɼΠωͷ࡞෇੍͚‫ݶ‬ର৅ͱͳͬͨ 5000 Bq kg−1ͷਫా౔৕Ͱ͸ 134 Csɼ137 Cs ೱ౓͸͍ͣΕ΋໿ 2500 Bq

kg−1 Ͱ͋Δɽ30 ೥‫ޙ‬ɼ134 Cs ͸ 0.1 Bq kg−1 ·Ͱ‫ݮ‬ਰ͢
Δ͕ɼ137 Cs ͸ 1255 Bq kg−1 ͕࢒ଘ͍ͯ͠Δɽ137 Cs ೱ౓͕ࣄ‫ނ‬લͷਫా౔৕ͷฏ‫ۉ‬஋ 23 Bq kg−1 ʢKomamura
et al., 2005ʣ·Ͱ์ࣹյมͷΈͰ‫ݮ‬ਰ͢Δʹ͸ 200 ೥Λཁ͢ΔɽҰํɼલड़ͷ Takata Βʢ2014ʣͷใࠂʹ͋Δ์
ࣹੑ Cs ೱ౓͕࠷େ஋Λࣔͨ͠౔৕Ͱ͸ɼ200 ೥‫ܦ‬աͯ͠΋ 1129 Bq kg−1 ͷ 137 Cs ͕࢒ଘ͢Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹ൒‫ظݮ‬͸௨ա఺ʹա͗ͣɼͲͷఔ౓ͷλΠϜεέʔϧͰ์
ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ڍ‬ಈΛ௥੻͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ͔͸ɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ

Kd =౔৕தͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ೱ౓ (Bq kg−1 )౔৕༹ӷதͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ೱ౓ (Bq L−1 )(1)෼഑܎਺͸ɼ‫ݱ‬৔Ͱ࠾औͨ͠౔৕͓Αͼ౔৕༹ӷத์ࣹ
ੑ Cs ೱ౓ͷ࣮ଌ஋͔Βࢉग़͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ͔͠͠౔৕༹ӷதͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ೱ౓͸͖ΘΊͯ௿ೱ౓Ͱ͋ΔͨΊɼେྔͷ౔৕༹ӷαϯϓϧΛ࠾औ͠ɼೱॖͯ͠ఆྔ͢
Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ͜ͷͨΊଟ஍఺ʹ͓͚Δ෼഑܎਺Λ‫ݱ‬৔σʔλ͔Βऔಘ͢Δͷ͸Ұൠʹࠔ೉Ͱ͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱࣨ಺
࣮‫ʹݧ‬ΑΓ์ࣹੑ Cs Λ౔৕ʹఴՃ͠ɼ൓Ԡલ‫ޙ‬ͷӷ૬தͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ೱ౓Λଌఆ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯ΋෼഑܎਺Λ௜ணྔʹΑΓҟͳΔɽ

‫ٻ‬ΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ౔৕΁ͷ෼഑܎਺͸ɼ

Spezzanoʢ2005ʣ͸ɼνΣϧϊϒΠϦࣄ‫͔ނ‬Β 8 ೥‫ޙ‬ͷ౔৕Λ෼ੳ͠ɼ೪౔ը෼ͷ 134 Cs/137 Cs ൺ͸όϧΫ౔

4.3 ∼ 380000 L kg−1 ʢIAEA, 2010ʣɼ೔ຊͷ೶ߞ஍౔৕
Ͱ͸ 270 ∼ 36000 L kg−1 ʢKamei-Ishikawa et al., 2008ʣ৕ΑΓ΋௿͍͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ɽ͜Ε͸ɼେ‫ݧ࣮֩಺ݍؾ‬ͷͳͲͷใࠂ஋͕͋Δɽ౦‫ྗిژ‬෱ౡୈҰ‫ࣄॴిൃྗࢠݪ‬ϑΥʔϧΞ΢τ༝དྷͷ 137 Cs ͕೪౔ը෼ʹೱॖ͞Ε͍ͯ‫ނ‬ҎલͷใࠂͰ͸ɼ‫ݱ‬৔Ͱ࠾औͨ͠ࢼྉʹ΋ͱͮ͘෼഑

ͨ͜ͱʹ‫ى‬Ҽ͢Δɽ์ࣹੑ Cs ͸౔৕தͰɼ೪౔߭෺ʹ܎਺ʹൺ΂ɼࣨ಺࣮‫ٻͰݧ‬Ίͨ෼഑܎਺͸Ұൠʹ௿͍܏‫ัʹݻڧ‬ଊ͞Εͨ‫ܗ‬ଶͰଘࡏ͢Δׂ߹͕ଟ͍ʢTsukada

޲͕͋Δ͜ͱ͕֬ೝ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢIAEA, 2010ʣɽ͜Ε͸ɼ

1 National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8609, Japan. Corresponding authorɿࢁ‫ࢠلޱ‬,ʢಠʣ೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫ॴڀݚ‬2014 ೥ 1 ݄ 22 ೔डߘɹ 2014 ೥ 3 ݄ 16 ೔डཧ‫ڥ؀‬தʹଘࡏ͢Δ์ࣹੑ Cs ͸ɼେ‫ݧ࣮֩಺ݍؾ‬΍νΣϧϊϒΠϦࣄ‫ʹނ‬ΑΔϑΥʔϧΞ΢τ‫͋Ͱݯى‬Γɼࣨ಺࣮‫ʹݧ‬ൺ΂౔৕ͱͷ઀৮͕࣌ؒ௕͍ͨΊͰ͋Δɽ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)12

Fig. 1 ౔৕தͰ Cs+ Λ‫ٵ‬ண · ‫ݻ‬ఆ͢Δෛిՙ.

෼഑܎਺͸ɼ‫ٵ‬ண౳Թઢͷ௚ઢੑͷ੒Γཱͭ෦෼ʢ‫ٵ‬ணฏߧ༹ӷͷೱ౓ͱ‫ٵ‬ணྔΛϓϩοτͨ͠άϥϑͷ܏͖͕ҰఆͰ͋ΔྖҬʣͰ͸ೱ౓ґଘੑͷͳ͍ఆ਺ͱͯ͠
औΓѻ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ͔͠͠ɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ৔߹ɼ‫ٵ‬ண౳Թઢͷ௚ઢੑ͸ 10−6 mol L−1 Ҏ্Ͱ͸੒Γཱͨͣ

Kc(Cs-K) ==౔৕‫ݻ‬૬த์ࣹੑ Cs ೱ౓ ౔৕༹ӷத K ೱ౓×༹ӷத์ࣹੑ Cs ೱ౓౔৕‫ݻ‬૬த K ೱ౓

(2)

ʢStaunton, 1994ʣɼ෼഑܎਺͸ɼӷ૬தͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ೱ౓͕ߴ͍΄Ͳ௿͘ͳΔɽTakeda et al.ʢ2013ʣ͸ɼ҆ఆCsʢ133 Csʣ͕ 0.5 mg kg−1 ‫౔ס‬ʢ༹ӷதೱ౓ͱͯ͠ 4 ×
10−7 mol L−1 ʣ ·ͰͰ͋Ε͹ఴՃͯ͠΋ΩϟϦΞϑϦʔ
137 Csʢ҆ఆ Cs Λ‫ ͍ͳ·ؚ‬137 Csɽ‫ۃ‬௿ೱ౓ͷ์ࣹੑ֩छ༹ӷ͸ɼ҆ఆ֩छʢΩϟϦΞʣΛఴՃͯ͠෼཭ · ਫ਼੡

Kd (Cs)Kd (K)

ΧϧϘΩγ‫͕ج‬ෛిՙͷओମͰ͋Δ෗২෺࣭Ͱ͸ɼΧϧϘΩγ‫ࡨͱج‬ମΛ‫ܗ‬੒͢Δ͜ͱͷͰ͖Δ Ca2+ ΍ Al3+
ͷํ͕ Cs+ ΑΓ΋બ୒ੑ͕ߴ͍ɽҰํɼ೪౔߭෺Ͱ͸Cs+ ͷબ୒ੑ͕͖ΘΊͯߴ͍͜ͱ͕ɼ౔৕ʹ௜ணͨ͠์ࣹੑ Cs+ ༹͕ӷʹ෼഑͠ʹ͍ܾ͘ఆཁҼͰ͋Δͱ͍͢ΔͨΊɼ์ࣹੑ֩छ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɼ҆ఆ֩छΛ‫ؚ‬Ή͜ͱ

͑Δɽ

͕ଟ͍ɽ
ʣͷ෼഑܎਺ʹӨ‫ͱ͍ͳ͠ڹ‬ใࠂ͍ͯ͠Δɽࣨ಺

Cs+ ͸ͳͥɼ2 : 1 ‫ܕ‬૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺΁ͷબ୒ੑ͕ߴ
͍ͷͩΖ͏͔ɽͦΕ͸ɼCs+ ͕ਫ࿨͠ʹ͍͘ΠΦϯͰ࣮͋‫ʹݧ‬ΑΓ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ෼഑܎਺ΛධՁ͢Δࡍ͸ɼ10−6

mol L−1 Λ্‫ͱݶ‬Έͳ࣮ͯ͠‫ܥݧ‬Λ૊Ήඞཁ͕͋ΔͩΖ

ΔͨΊͰ͋ΔɽΠΦϯͷपΓͷ੩ి৔ʹ͸ਫ෼ࢠ͕Ҿ͖͏ɽΠΦϯೱ౓ͷ૿Ճʹͱ΋ͳ͍෼഑܎਺͕‫ݮ‬গɼ͢ͳ͚ͭΒΕɼ഑޲͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜Ε͸ਫ࿨ͱ͍͏‫ݱ‬৅Ͱ͋ΔɽΘͪ‫ٵ‬ண͞Εͣʹӷ૬ʹऔΓ࢒͞ΕΔΠΦϯͷׂ߹͕૿ΠΦϯ͕‫ٵ‬ணഔද໘ʹ௚઀‫ٵ‬ண͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ɼ౔৕߭෺

Ճ͢Δͷ͸ɼ‫ٵ‬ணഔ͕๞࿨ʹ͍ۙͮͨ৔߹ʹΈΒΕΔ‫ݱ‬ͱΠΦϯͷؒͷ‫ٵ‬ண૬‫༻࡞ޓ‬ΤωϧΪʔ͕ɼΠΦϯͱਫ

৅Ͱ͋ΔɽCs+ ͷ‫ٵ‬ணͷ৔߹ɼ౔৕શମͷ‫ٵ‬ண༰ྔ͕๞
࿨ʹۙͮ͘ΑΓ΋͞Βʹ௿ೱ౓Ͱ෼഑܎਺͕‫ݮ‬গ͢Δɽ
͜Ε͸ɼ౔৕தʹ Cs+ ਌࿨ੑͷ͖ΘΊͯߴ͍‫ٵ‬ணαΠτͷ૬‫༻࡞ޓ‬ʢਫ࿨ΤωϧΪʔʣΑΓ΋େ͖͘ͳΔඞཁ͕
͋Δɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼਫ࿨ΤωϧΪʔͷখ͍͞ΠΦϯ΄Ͳ‫ٵ‬ண͞Ε΍͍͢܏޲ʹ͋ΔɽΠΦϯද໘Ͱͷి৔͕‫͍ڧ‬͕ଘࡏ͠ɼ਌࿨ੑͷߴ͍αΠτ͕ઌʹ๞࿨ʹۙͮ͘ͱ์΄ͲΑΓਫ෼ࢠΛҾ͖෇͚Δྗ͕‫͍ͨڧ‬ΊɼΠΦϯ൒‫ܘ‬

ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ݻ‬ӷ෼഑ͷ܏޲͕มԽ͢ΔͨΊͰ͋Δɽ์ࣹ

͕খ͘͞ɼՁ਺ͷେ͖ͳΠΦϯ΄Ͳਫ࿨ྗ͕‫͍ڧ‬ɽਫ࿨

ੑ Cs ͷ߭෺΍౔৕΁ͷ‫ٵ‬ண౳Թઢ͸ϑϩΠϯυϦοώ

ྗͷ‫͍ڧ‬ΠΦϯʹਫ࿨ͨ͠ਫ෼ࢠ͸ΠΦϯͷి৔ʹ߆ଋࣜʹద߹͢ΔʢGoto et al., 2008; Staunton, 1994; Staunton͞Ε͓ͯΓɼόϧΫͷਫ෼ࢠʢΠΦϯʹਫ࿨͍ͯ͠ͳ͍

and Levacic, 1999; Staunton and Roubaud, 1997ʣɽ

ਫ෼ࢠʣΑΓ΋ಈ͖ʹ͍͘ɽ͜ͷͨΊΠΦϯ͸୯ಠͰ͸

2.2 બ୒܎਺

ͳ͘ɼਫ࿨ਫ෼ࢠΛҾ͖࿈ΕͨूஂͰ͋Δਫ࿨ΠΦϯͱ‫ݻ‬ӷ෼഑܎਺͸ɼ౔৕༹ӷͷΠΦϯ૊੒ʹΑͬͯ΋มͯ͠ߦಈ͢ΔɽҰํɼΠΦϯ൒‫͕ܘ‬େ͖͘ਫ࿨ྗͷऑ͍

ಈ͢Δɽ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷ‫ٵ‬ணαΠτͷੑ࣭͚ͩͰͳ͘ɼͦ

Cs+ ͷਫ࿨‫ݍ‬ͷਫ෼ࢠ͸ɼόϧΫͷਫ෼ࢠΑΓ΋Ή͠Ζ
ಈ͖΍͍͢ɽ͜ͷͨΊ Cs+ ͸ɼਫ࿨ਫΛൺֱత༰қʹ์ग़Ͱ͖Δʢߥ઒ɼ1991ʣ
ɽK+ ɼϧϏδ΢ϜΠΦϯʢRb+ ʣɼ+ΞϯϞχ΢ϜΠΦϯʢNH4 ʣ΋ಉ༷Ͱ͋Δɽਫ࿨ਫΛ์ͷ‫ٵ‬ணαΠτͱ‫͢߹ڝ‬ΔଞͷΠΦϯͷੑ࣭ʹΑͬͯ΋‫ݻ‬ӷ෼഑ͷ܏޲͕มಈ͢ΔͨΊͰ͋Δɽ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͕ଞͷཅΠΦϯʹରͯ͠ͲΕ͚ͩ౔৕ʹ෼഑͞Ε΍͍͔͢͸ɼબ୒܎਺ʢKc ʣʹΑͬͯධՁ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔɽCs+ ͱग़͢Δ͜ͱͰ‫ͳ͕ۙ͘཭ڑ‬ΔͨΊɼͦͷ෼ΠΦϯͷਖ਼ిՁ਺ͷ౳͍͠ΧϦ΢ϜΠΦϯʢK+ ʣʹର͢Δબ୒܎਺ՙͱ‫ٵ‬ணഔͷෛిՙ͕‫͖Ͱ͕ͱ͜͏͖͋ͻ͘ڧ‬ΔΑ͏ʹ͸ɼҎԼͷΑ͏ʹද͢ɽ

ͳΔɽ͞Βʹਫ࿨ਫΛ΋ͨͳ͍୯ಠͷ Cs+ ͷେ͖͕͞ɼ

γϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूɹղઆɿ౔৕΁ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ٵ‬ணϝΧχζϜ

13‫ޙ‬ड़͢ΔΑ͏ʹ೪౔߭෺ͷۭ࣋ͭ޸ͷαΠζʹͪΐ͏ͲτͰߏ੒͞Ε͍ͯΔʢFig. 2ʣɽ2 ຕͷ࢛໘ମγʔτͱ 1ϑΟοτ͢Δ͜ͱ΋ Cs+ ͕౔৕ʹ‫͘ڧ‬อ࣋͞ΕΔॏཁͳຕͷീ໘ମγʔτ͕ࢎૉΛ‫ڞ‬༗͠ɼ1 ຕͷ୯Ґ૚ʢ2 : 1

ཁҼͰ͋Δɽ

૚ʣΛ‫ܗ‬੒͍ͯ͠Δɽ2 : 1 ‫ܕ‬૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺͸ 2 : 1 ૚͕ੵΈॏͳͬͨߏ଄Λ༗͓ͯ͠Γɼ֤૚͕ॏͳ͖ͬͨ͢

3. Cs+ ͷ‫ٵ‬ணαΠτ·Λ૚ؒͱΑͿɽ࢛໘ମγʔτͷ Si4+ ͋Δ͍͸ീ໘ମγʔτͷ Al3+ ͕େ͖͞ͷࣅͨՁ਺ͷҟͳΔ‫ݩ‬ૉʢͨͱ౔৕΁ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷ෼഑܎਺ɼଞͷΠΦϯʹର͢Δ

͑͹ Si4+ → Al3+ ɼ Al3+ → Fe2+ ʣͱஔ͖‫׵‬Θ͍ͬͯΔ

બ୒܎਺Λܾఆ͚ͮΔͷ͸ɼ౔৕தʹͲͷΑ͏ͳ Cs+ ‫ٵ‬͜ͱʢಉ‫ܗ‬ஔ‫׵‬ʣʹΑΓɼ2 : 1 ૚Ͱਖ਼ిՙ͕ෆ଍ɼ͢ͳΘணαΠτ͕Ͳͷఔ౓ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔Ͱ͋Δɽ1 ՁͷཅΠͪ૚ؒʹෛిՙ͕ൃ‫͢ݱ‬Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹ೪౔߭෺ͷߏ଄ΦϯͰ͋Δ Cs+ ͸౔৕தͷෛిՙΛ࣋ͭ෦Ґʹ‫ٵ‬ண͞ʹ༝དྷͯ͠ൃ‫͢ݱ‬Δిՙͷ͜ͱΛߏ଄༝དྷిՙɼ͋Δ͍

ΕΔɽ౔৕தͷෛిՙྔ͸ɼཅΠΦϯަ‫׵‬༰ྔʢCECʣ͸Ӭ‫ٱ‬ՙిͱΑͿɽ૚ؒͷෛిՙʹ͸ɼి‫ؾ‬తதੑΛอͱͯ͠ఆྔతʹද‫͖Ͱݱ‬ΔɽCs+ ͷอ࣋ϝΧχζϜͱ͍ͭͨΊཅΠΦϯ͕อ࣋͞ΕΔɽཅΠΦϯͷอ࣋ྗ͸ɼෛ͏‫͔఺؍‬Β੔ཧ͢Δͱ౔৕ͷෛిՙ͸ɼᶃ Cs+ ΑΓ΋ిՙྔ͕ଟ͍΄Ͳ‫͍ڧ‬ɽ͞Βʹෛిՙྔ͕ಉ͡Ͱ΋ɼ૚

Ca2+ ͳͲͷଞͷཅΠΦϯͷ΄͏͕બ୒ੑ͕ߴ͘ɼҰ࣌తʹ Cs+ Λอ࣋ͨ͠ͱͯ͠΋༰қʹ์ग़͢Δෛిՙɼᶄ
Cs+ Λબ୒తʹอ࣋͠΍͍͕͢ɼଞͷΠΦϯͱͷ‫ʹ߹ڝ‬ΑΓɼCs+ ͕์ग़͞ΕΔෛిՙɼᶅ Cs+ Λબ୒తʹ‫ݻ‬ఆ͠ɼ͍ͬͨΜ‫ݻ‬ఆ͢Δͱ༰қʹ์ग़͠ͳ͍ෛిՙͷ 3 छྨʹେผͰ͖ΔʢFig. 1ʣɽ

ؒʹ͍ۙ෦෼Ͱ͋Δ࢛໘ମγʔτͰෛిՙ͕ൃ‫͍ͯ͠ݱ‬3.1 Cs+ બ୒ੑͷ௿͍ෛిՙ
Cs+ બ୒ੑͷ௿͍ෛిՙ͸ɼ෗২෺࣭ͷղ཭ͨ͠ΧϧϘΩγ‫͋ج‬Δ͍͸ΧϧϘΩγϨʔτ‫ج‬ʢR-COO-ʣɼ૚ঢ়

Δํ͕ཅΠΦϯͷอ࣋ྗ͕‫ͳ͘ڧ‬Δɽ
૚ؒʹอ࣋͞ΕͨཅΠΦϯ͸ৗʹ౔৕༹ӷதͷཅΠΦϯͱೖΕସΘ͓ͬͯΓɼબ୒ੑͷߴ͍ཅΠΦϯ΄Ͳ૚ؒͷෛిՙଆʹଘࡏ͢Δ֬཰͕ߴ͍ɼ͢ͳΘͪ‫ٵ‬ணྔ͕ଟ͍ɽ·ͨɼཅΠΦϯͷೱ౓͕ߴ͍΄Ͳɼ૚ؒͷෛిՙͱ૬‫͢༻࡞ޓ‬Δ֬཰͕૿͑ɼ૚ؒͷෛిՙ઎༗౓΋ߴ͘ͳ
Δɽ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷ৔߹ɼ૚ؒ΁ͷෛిՙ΁ͷબ୒ੑ͸ߴ͍΋ͷͷɼͦͷೱ౓͸ Ca2+ ΍ K+ ͳͲͷ౔৕தཅΠΦέΠࢎԘ߭෺ͷߏ଄຤୺΍ΞϩϑΣϯɼΠϞΰϥΠτʹ

ϯʹൺ΂ܻҧ͍ʹ௿͍ɽͨͱ͑͹ 10 ສ Bq ͷ 134 Cs ͸ 2

ଘࡏ͢Δද໘ਫࢎ‫ʹج‬ଘࡏ͢Δɽ͜ΕΒ͸ pH ʹΑΓిՙͷൃ‫͕ྔݱ‬ҟͳΓɼpH ґଘੑిՙɼมҟՙిͱ΋‫ݺ‬͹ngɼ137 Cs ͸ 30 ng ʹ૬౰͢Δʹ͗ͣ͢ɼԚછఔ౓͕ߴ͍
౔৕Ͱ͋ͬͯ΋෺࣭ྔͱͯ͠ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷଘࡏྔ͸ඍ

ΕΔɽpH ґଘੑిՙͰෛిՙ͕ൃ‫͢ݱ‬Δͷ͸ɼ౔৕ pH

ྔͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽߏ଄༝དྷͷෛిՙʹอ࣋͞Ε͕ͨిՙθϩ఺ΑΓ΋ߴ͍৔߹ʹ‫ݶ‬ΒΕΔɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼ

์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͸ɼߴೱ౓ͷԘ༹ӷʹΑΓநग़ՄೳͰ͋ΓɼϑΣϦϋΠυϥΠτ΍ΪϒαΠτͳͲిՙθϩ఺͕ߴ‫ٵ‬୤ண൓Ԡ͸Մ‫ٯ‬తͰ͋Δɽ
ߏ଄༝དྷిՙ͕Ͳͷఔ౓౔৕ʹଘࡏ͢Δ͔ΛධՁ͢Δ

pH ଆʹଘࡏ͢Δ߭෺ͷ࣋ͭ pH ґଘੑిՙ͸ɼ௨ৗͷ౔৕ pH Ͱ͸ෛʹଳి͓ͯ͠ΒͣɼCs+ ͷ‫ٵ‬ணαΠτͱ͸ͳΒͳ͍ɽpH ґଘੑͷෛిՙͱ Cs+ ͷؒʹಇ͘૬‫࡞ޓ‬༻͸ɼਫ࿨ྗͷऑ͍ Cs+ Ͱ͋ͬͯ΋ͦͷਫ࿨ਫΛഉআ͢Δ΄Ͳ‫͍ͨͳ͘ڧ‬ΊɼCs+ ͸ਫ࿨ਫΛอ࣋ͨ͠··֎‫ݍ‬͍Δɽߏ଄༝དྷͷిՙ͸෗২෺࣭ͳͲͷ࣋ͭ pH ґଘੑࡨମͱͯ͠Մ‫ٯ‬తʹ‫ٵ‬ண͢Δɽ౔৕͔Βநग़ͨ͠෗২ࢎ

͠ɼΤλϊʔϧͰચড়͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯ‫ٵ‬ண͍ͯ͠ͳ͍

΁ͷ 134 Cs+ ͷ෼഑܎਺͸ɼpH2 ∼ 5 ͷൣғͰ͸ɼpH ͕

ख๏͕ Anderson and Spositoʢ1991ʣʹΑΓఏҊ͞ΕͯిՙͱҟͳΓɼLi+ ʹൺ΂ Cs+ ͷબ୒ੑ͕ߴ͍͜ͱΛར༻ͨ͠ख๏Ͱ͋Δɽ·ͣɼ౔৕ͷෛిՙΛ Cs+ Ͱ๞࿨

Cs+ Λআ‫͢ڈ‬ΔɽCs+ ͷ಺‫ࡨݍ‬ମ‫ܗ‬੒Λଅਐ͢ΔͨΊߴ͍΄Ͳߴ͘ɼCa2+ ͷ‫ڞ‬ଘʹΑΓ௿Լ͢ΔʢLofts et al.,2002ʣɽ෗২෺࣭‫౔͍ߴ͕ྔؚ‬৕Ͱ͋ͬͯ΋ɼ෗২෺࣭
ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ‫ٵ‬ண΁ͷ‫د‬༩͸͖ΘΊͯখ͍͞ʢCremers
et al., 1988; Lofts et al., 2002; Wauters et al., 1996ʣɽ·ͨɼMon et al.ʢ2005ʣ͸ΞϩϑΣϯʹ‫ٵ‬ண͞Εͨ Cs+
͸ɼNa+ ͓Αͼ K+ ʹΑΔΠΦϯަ‫ Ͱ׵‬100 % ͕ճऩͰ͖Δ͜ͱΛ͓ࣔͯ͠ΓɼΞϩϑΣϯ΁ͷ Cs+ ͷ‫ٵ‬ண΋Մ‫ٯ‬తͰ͋ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɽͨͩ͠ɼMon et al.ʢ2005ʣ͸ɼେྔͷ 133 Cs+ ΛΞϩϑΣϯʹఴՃ͓ͯ͠Γɼඍྔʹଘࡏ͢Δ Cs+ ߴબ୒ੑαΠτͷଘࡏΛ཈͑ΒΕ͍ͯͳ͍Մೳੑ΋͋Δɽ

3.2 Cs+ બ୒ੑͷߴ͍Մ‫ٵٯ‬ணෛిՙCs+ બ୒ੑ͕ߴ͍͕ɼ‫ٵ‬ண͸Մ‫ٯ‬తͰ͋Δෛిՙ͸ɼ
2 : 1 ‫ܕ‬૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺ͷ૚ؒʹଘࡏ͢Δɽ2 : 1 ‫ܕ‬૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺͸ɼSi4+ ʹ 4 ͭͷ O2− ͕഑Ґ࢛ͨ͠໘ମ
͕ฏ໘తʹͭͳ͕࢛ͬͨ໘ମγʔτͱɼAl3+ ʹ 6 ͭͷO2− ͕഑Ґͨ͠ീ໘ମ͕ฏ໘తʹͭͳ͕ͬͨീ໘ମγʔ

Fig. 2 2 : 1 ‫ܕ‬૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺ͷߏ଄ུ֓ਤ. Si ࢛໘ମγʔτ͕ 2 ຕͳΔ͜ͱͰͰ͖Δ௚‫ ܘ‬0.26 nm ͷۭ޸ʢ࿡һ‫؀‬ʣ͸ɼਫ࿨ਫΛ࣋ͨͳ͍ Cs+ , K+ , NH+
4 ͷ େ͖͞ʹ͍ۙɽSi ࢛໘ମγʔτʹಉ‫ܗ‬ஔ‫͕׵‬ଟ͍৔߹ɼ૚ؒʹ Cs+ , K+ , NH+
4 ͕‫ݻ‬ఆ͞ΕΔɽ

14౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)65◦ C Ͱ 48 ࣌ؒ‫ס‬૩‫ޙ‬ɼ·ͣ Li+ ༹ӷͰநग़͢ΔɽLi+Ͱநग़͞ΕΔͷ͸ɼpH ґଘੑిՙʹ‫ٵ‬ணͨ͠ Cs+ Ͱ͋ΔɽLi+ ༹ӷͰநग़͞Εͳ͔ͬͨ Cs+ ΛਣࢎΞϯϞχ΢
Ϝ༹ӷͰநग़͢ΔɽਣࢎΞϯϞχ΢ϜͰநग़͞Εͨ Cs+
ͷྔ͕ߏ଄༝དྷిՙͷྔʹ૬౰͢Δɽͨͩ͠ɼAnderson
and Spositoʢ1991ʣ͸ɼ͜ͷख๏͸๲५ੑͷόʔϛΩϡϥΠτΛ‫ؚ‬Ή৔߹ʹ͸ద༻Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͱࢦఠ͍ͯ͠Δɽͦ
Ε͸ɼਣࢎΞϯϞχ΢ϜͰ͸ Cs+ ͕நग़͞Εͳ͍ Cs+
ߴબ୒ੑαΠτ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ͔ΒͰ͋Δɽ

3.3 Cs+ Λ‫ݻ‬ఆ͢Δෛిՙ—ϑϨΠυ · Τοδ · αΠτ2 : 1 ‫ܕ‬૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺Ͱ૚ؒʹ໘࢛ͨ͠໘ମγʔτʹ͸ɼ࢛໘ମ 6 ‫ߏͰݸ‬੒͞ΕΔ‫؀‬ঢ়ߏ଄ͷதԝ෦ʹۭ޸ʢ࿡һ‫؀‬ʣ͕͋ΔʢFig. 2ʣ
ɽ2 : 1 ૚ͷ࢛໘ମγʔτಉ͕࢜
ີண͢Δͱɼ্Լͷ૚ͷۭ޸͕߹Θͬͨ͞௚‫ ܘ‬0.26 nm+
ͷۭಎ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ͜ͷۭಎ಺ʹ͸ɼCs+ , K+ , NH+
4 , Rb133 Cs/K ൺ͕૿େ͢Δ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ɽ͜Ε͸ɼӢ฼ͷ෩ԽʹΑΓ૿Ճͨ͠ FES ͔Β K ༹͕୤͠ɼͦ͜ʹ 133 Cs
͕஝ੵ͢ΔͨΊͰ͋ΓʢMcKinley et al., 2004; Nakao etal., 2008ʣɼFES ΁ͷ Cs+ ͷબ୒ੑ͕ K+ ΑΓ΋ߴ͍ͨΊʹ‫͞࡯؍‬ΕΔ‫ݱ‬৅Ͱ͋ΔɽΠϥΠτ΁ͷ 137 Cs+ ͷ‫ٵ‬ணʹ Ca2+ ͷ‫ڞ‬ଘ͕Ө‫ͱ͍͜ͳ͠ڹ‬΋ূ໌͞Ε͍ͯΔ
ʢStepina and Popov, 2013ʣɽόʔϛΩϡϥΠτɼόΠσϥΠτɼ͓ΑͼϊϯτϩφΠτʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɼ૚ؒʹ K+͕‫ݻ‬ఆ͞ΕΕ͹ɼ෩ԽӢ฼ͱಉ༷ɼFES ͕‫ܗ‬੒͞ΕΔɽ
ϕϯτφΠτʹ୸ࢎΧϦ΢ϜΛఴՃ͠ɼ૚ؒͷ Ca2+ Λ୸ࢎԘͱͯ͠ഉআͭͭ͠ K+ Ͱ૚ؒΛ๞࿨ͤ͞ɼ͞Βʹ‫͋࣪ס‬Δ͍͸ౚ݁ · ༥ղΛ‫܁‬Γฦ͢͜ͱͰ FES ༷ͷαΠτ͕‫ܗ‬੒͞ΕΔͱͷใࠂ΋͋ΔʢDegryse et al., 2004ʣɽ
Zachara et al.ʢ2002ʣ͸ɼCs+ ೱ౓͕ߴ͍৚݅ԼͰ‫ٵ‬ண࣮‫ݧ‬Λ͢ΔͱɼόʔϛΩϡϥΠτͷ૚͕ؒऩॖ͠ɼ͕ͦ͜

͕͓͞·Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ͍ͣΕ΋ਫ࿨ྗ͕খ͘͞ɼΠ͋Βͨͳߴબ୒ੑαΠτͱͳΔͨΊ‫ڥ؀‬தʹ͓͚Δ FESΦϯͱ‫ٵ‬ணഔؒͷ૬‫͕༻࡞ޓ‬ΠΦϯͱਫ࿨ਫͷ૬‫༻࡞ޓ‬ͷաେධՁʹ‫͕ܨ‬Δͱड़΂͍ͯΔɽ

Λ্ճΔͱɼਫ࿨ਫΛ์ग़͠ɼ಺‫ٵܕݍ‬ணࡨମͱͯ͠‫ٵ‬

3.3.1 FES ༰ྔͷఆྔ

ணͰ͖ΔΠΦϯͰ͋Δɽ͜ͷͱ͖ɼ૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺ͷ

FES ʹ͸ۭؒత੍໿͔Βେ͖ͳΠΦϯ͕‫ٵ‬ணͰ͖ͳ

࢛໘ମγʔτͰಉ‫ܗ‬ஔ‫͓͓͕ͯͬ͜׵‬Γɼෛిՙ͕૚ؒ

͍ɽ͜ͷੑ࣭Λར༻͠ɼෛిՙ΁ͷ਌࿨ੑ͕ߴ͘ɼ͔

ʹ͍ۙ෦ҐͰൃ‫͍ͯ͠ݱ‬ΔͱɼۭಎʹೖΓࠐΜͩ Cs+ ΍ͭαΠζͷେ͖ͳΠΦϯͰ FES Ҏ֎ͷෛిՙʢRegularK+ ͷਖ਼ిՙ্͕Լͷ૚ͷෛిՙͱ‫͘ڧ‬Ҿ͖߹͍ɼ૚ؒ

࿨ਫ͕োนͱͳΔͨΊɼۭಎʹ͸ऩ·Βͣɼ‫ݻ‬ఆ͞Εͳ

exchange site, RES, Fig. 1 ᶃ, ᶄʣΛ๞࿨͠ϚεΫ͢Δ͜
ͱͰɼFES ͷΈͰ Cs+ ͷ‫ٵ‬ண൓ԠΛਐߦͤ͞Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔɽFES Ҏ֎ͷෛిՙΛϚεΫ͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ɼνΦ೘ૉۜʢAgTUʣ͕࢖ΘΕΔɽ౔৕͋Δ͍͸౔৕߭෺ͷ RES
Λ AgTU ͰϚεΫͨ͠ঢ়ଶͰ਺ஈ֊ͷೱ౓Ͱ Cs+ ༹ӷΛఴՃ͠ɼFES ΁ͷ Cs+ ‫ٵ‬ணྔΛଌఆ͢Δɽ‫ٵ‬ண౳Թ

͍ɽ·ͨɼϞϯϞϦϩφΠτͷΑ͏ʹಉ‫ܗ‬ஔ‫͕׵‬ീ໘ମઢΛϥϯάϛϡΞࣜͰϑΟοτ͠ɼ࠷େ‫ٵ‬ணྔΛ‫ٻ‬ΊΔγʔτͰൃੜ͍ͯ͠Δ৔߹͸ɼۭ޸ʹೖΓࠐΜͩ Cs+ ΍ʢCremers et al., 1988; Koning et al., 2007ʣɽKoning et al.

K+ ͱෛిՙͷ‫͕཭ڑ‬ԕ͘ɼ૚ؒͷऩॖʹΑͬͯΠΦϯ

ʢ2007ʣ͸ɼFES ͷ༰ྔ͸ཻ‫ ܘ‬2 μ mɼͷΠϥΠτͰ 14.3

ʹΠΦϯΛด͡ࠐΊͨ··্Լͷ૚͕཭Εͳ͘ͳΔɽ૚
͕ؒऩॖ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓ୤཭͕ࠔ೉ͱͳΓɼΠΦϯ͸‫ݻ‬ఆ͞ΕΔɽҰํɼΠΦϯαΠζͦͷ΋ͷ͸খͯ͘͞΋ਫ࿨ྗ͕‫ ͍ڧ‬Na+ ΍ Ca2+ ͷΑ͏ͳΠΦϯ͸ɼ഑Ґͨ͠ਫ

Δɽ෩Խఔ౓ͷ௿͍Ӣ฼ྨͰ͸ɼ࿡һ‫؀‬͸͢Ͱʹ K+ Ͱ

μ molc g−1 ɼόʔϛΩϡϥΠτͰ 58.1 μ molc g−1 ɼΞϩϑΣϯͰ 10.5 μ molc g−1 Ͱ͋ΓɼΠϥΠτɼόʔϛΩϡϥΠτͰ͸ CEC ͷ 2 %ɼΞϩϑΣϯͰ͸ 10 % ͕ Cs+ ߴબ୒ੑͰ͋ͬͨͱใࠂ͍ͯ͠ΔɽAgTU ʹΑΓ RES ΛϚεΫ͢Δख๏Ͱଌఆ͢ΔͱɼΞϩϑΣϯʹ΋ Cs+ ߴબ୒ੑͷෛిՙ͕͋Δ͜ͱ͕ࣔ͞Ε͕ͨɼ‫ٵ‬ண͞Εͨ Cs+

઎༗͞Ε͓ͯΓɼ‫͔ޙ‬ΒఴՃ͞Εͨ Cs+ ͸৵ೖͰ͖ͳ

͕୤཭ࠔ೉ͱͳΔ͔Ͳ͏͔͸‫ٵ‬ண࣮‫ݧ‬ͷΈ͔Β͸൑அͰ͍ɽӢ฼ྨͷ෩Խ͕ਐΉͱɼ୺໘෇ۙͷ૚͔ؒΒ K+ ͕͖ͳ͍ɽΞϩϑΣϯ͸௚‫ ܘ‬3.5 ∼ 5.5 nm ͷதۭ‫ٿ‬ঢ়ͷߏআ‫͞ڈ‬Εɼ๲५͢Δɽ͜ͷ͜ͱʹΑΓɼ૚ؒ΁ͷ‫ٵ‬ணબ଄Λ͓ͯ͠ΓʢHarsh et al., 2002ʣɼதۭߏ଄ͷ಺ଆʹ͸୒ੑͷߴ͍ Cs+ ͕ೖΓࠐΉ༨஍͕Ͱ͖Δɽ͞Βʹɼ૚౓๲५͔͚ͨ͠૚͕ؒ࠶ͼด͡ΔɽCs+ ͸૚ؒͷऩॖʹ

Si-OH ‫͕ج‬ಥ͖ग़͍ͯΔɽதۭߏ଄ͷ಺ଆ͸େ͖ͳਫ࿨
ΠΦϯ͕ΞΫηε͠ʹ͍͘ෛిՙͱͳΓ͏Δ͕ɼCs+ ͕‫ٵ‬ண͢Δͱ૚͕ؒऩॖ͠ɼCs+ ͕‫ݻ‬ఆ͞ΕΔΠϥΠτ΍
όʔϛΩϡϥΠτͱ͸ҟͳΓɼΞϩϑΣϯͰ͸ Cs+ ͷΑΓ‫ݻʹݻڧ‬ఆ͞Εɼ༰қʹ୤཭Ͱ͖ͳ͘ͳΔɽඇ๲५‫ٵ‬ணʹΑͬͯߏ଄͕มԽ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ͳ͍ͩΖ͏ɽ౔৕Ͱ

૚ͱ๲५૚ͷ‫ڥ‬քʹ͋Δ͘͞ͼ‫ʹܗ‬։͍ͨ෦෼͸ɼϑϨ͸ɼFES ͕౔৕ͷ CEC ʹ઎ΊΔׂ߹͸ 0.001 ∼ 6 % ͰΠυ · Τοδ · αΠτʢFrayed edge site, FES, Fig. 1 ᶅʣ͋ΓʢCremers et al., 1988; Delvaux et al., 2000ʣɼ౔৕ͷ+Ͳͱ‫͍ͨͳ͠߹ڝ‬ΊɼFES ͸ Cs+ , K+ , NH+
4 , Rb ͷબதʹ 137 Cs ͕ 10 ສ Bq kg−1 ଘࡏ͢Δͱ͠ɼ͜ΕΛ CEC

Λด͡ࠐΊΔ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɽ͢ͳΘͪϞϯϞϦϩφΠ
τʹ͸ Cs+ ͸‫ݻ‬ఆ͞Εͳ͍ɽ
࢛໘ମγʔτͰಉ‫ܗ‬ஔ‫͍ͯ͠׵‬Δ 2 : 1 ‫ܕ‬૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺ͷ͏ͪ౔৕தʹଘࡏ͢Δ΋ͷʹ͸ɼӢ฼ɼΠϥΠτɼόʔϛΩϡϥΠτɼόΠσϥΠτɼϊϯτϩφΠτ͕͋ͷ๲५ͨ͠ྖҬͱ๲५͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ྖҬͷ‫ڥ‬քʹ͋ͨΔ෦෼ʹ Cs+ ͕౸ୡ͢ΔͱɼCs+ ͕όΠϯμʔͱͳͬͯҰͱ‫ݺ‬͹ΕΔʢSawhney, 1972ʣɽਫ࿨ͨ͠ Ca2+ ΍ Na+ ͳ୒ੑ͕͖ΘΊͯߴ͍ɽ·ͨɼ͜ΕΒͷਫ࿨ྗͷऑ͍ΠΦϯͷதͰ΋ Cs+ ͷબ୒ੑ͕࠷΋ߴ͘ɼK+ ͷ 1000 ഒɼNH+
ɽWampler4 ͷ 200 ഒͰ͋ΔʢBrouwer et al., 1983ʣ
et al.ʢ2012ʣ͸ɼӢ฼ͷ෩Խ͕ਐߦ͢ΔʹͭΕɼ౔৕ͷෛిՙ΁ͷ FES ͷྔత‫د‬༩͸ඇৗʹখ͍͞ɽԾʹ౔৕ͱಉ͡୯Ґʹ‫͢ࢉ׵‬Δͱ 2 × 10−8 cmolc kg−1 ͱͳΔɽ

CEC ͕ 10 cmolc kg−1 ͷ৔߹ɼͦͷ 2 % ͕ FES Ͱ͋Δ
ͱ͢ΔͱɼFES ͸ 0.2 cmolc kg−1 Ͱ͋Γɼ137 Cs ͷ 107
ഒଘࡏ͢Δ‫ͳʹࢉܭ‬Δɽ౔৕தʹ͸์ࣹੑ Cs+ Λ‫ٵ‬ண͢γϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूɹղઆɿ౔৕΁ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ٵ‬ணϝΧχζϜ

15Δͷʹे෼ͳྔͷ FES ͕ଘࡏ͠ɼ͖ΘΊͯ Cs+ ΁ͷબͰ Wauters et al.ʢ1996ʣ͸ɼAgTU ͷ͔ΘΓʹ Ca2+ Ͱ୒ੑ͕ߴ͍͜ͱɼ౔৕தͷ FES Λ Cs+ ͱ‫͢߹ڝ‬ΔΠΦRES ΛϚεΫͰ͖Δ৚݅Λ‫ݕ‬౼͠ Cremers et al.ʢ1988ʣ
ʹΑΔ‫ݪ‬๏Λ؆ศԽͨ͠ɽ‫ࡏݱ‬͸ Ca2+ Λ࢖ͬͯ RES Λϯ͸ɼK+ ͱ NH+
4 ͷΈͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͔ΒɼFES ͸౔৕த์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷओཁͳ‫ٵ‬ணαΠτͰ͋Δͱ͍͑Δɽ

3.3.2 FES ༰ྔͷఆྔઌड़ͷ‫ٵ‬ண౳ԹઢΛར༻ͨ͠ FES ͷఆྔతධՁ͸ɼ
FES ଘࡏྔͷগͳ͍༗‫౔࣭ػ‬৕Ͱ͸ Cs+ ‫ٵ‬ணྔ͕গͳ
͍͜ͱ͔Β‫ٵ‬ண౳ԹઢΛ͏·͘ϑΟοτͰ͖ͣద༻͕ࠔ
೉Ͱ͋ΔʢKoning et al., 2007ʣ
ɽ·ͨɼ౔৕தʹଘࡏ͢Δ

K+ ͕ɼCs+ ͱ FES Λ‫͢߹ڝ‬ΔͨΊɼK+ ೱ౓ʹ Cs+ ͷ‫ٵ‬ணྔ͕ґଘͯ͠͠·͏ɽCremers et al.ʢ1988ʣ͸ɼFES
ʹ͓͚Δ K+ ͱ 137 Cs+ ͷަ‫׵‬൓ԠΛར༻ͨ͠ Cs+ ߴબ୒ੑαΠτͷධՁํ๏ͱͯ͠์ࣹੑ Cs ัଊϙςϯγϟ
ϧʢRadiocaesium interception potential, RIPʣͱ͍͏ࢦඪ
ΛఏҊͨ͠ɽRIP ͸ɼFES ʹ͓͚Δ K+ ʹର͢Δ 137 Cs+−1ͷબ୒܎਺ʢK FES
c (Cs - K) ) ͱ FES ೱ౓ʢ[FES], mol kg ʣͷੵͱͯ͠ఆٛ͞Εɼ࣍ࣜͰද͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ

RIP = K FES
c (Cs - K) × FES

(3)

K FES
c (Cs - K) ͸࣍ࣜͰఆٛ͞ΕΔɽ

ϚεΫ͢Δվྑ๏ͷํ͕Α͘࢖ΘΕ͍ͯΔɽஶऀΒ͕࠾༻͍ͯ͠Δख๏Ͱ͸ɼಁੳບʹ෧ೖͨ͠౔৕ͱ 0.1 mol
L−1 Ca2+ , 0.5 mmol L−1 K+ ༹ӷʢCa-K ༹ӷʣΛ‫ݻ‬ӷൺ
1 : 100 Ͱ൓Ԡͤ͞ɼ1 ೔ 2 ճ৽͍͠ Ca-K ༹ӷʹަ‫͢׵‬Δૢ࡞Λ 1 िؒ‫܁‬Γฦͨ͠‫ ޙ‬137 Cs+ ΛఴՃ͠ɼ5 ೔ؒฏߧ‫ٵʹޙ‬ணฏߧ༹ӷதͷ 137 Cs ೱ౓Λఆྔ͢Δɽ137 Cs+ͷ‫ݻ‬ӷ෼഑܎਺Λ‫ٻ‬Ίɼ༹ӷதͷ K ೱ౓Λ৐ͯࣜ͡ʢ3ʣͱʢ5ʣʹ΋ͱ͖ͮ RIP Λࢉग़͢ΔʢTakeda et al., 2013ʣ
ɽFES
K c (Cs - K) ͸ Brouwer et al.ʢ1983ʣʹΑΓ 1000 ͱ‫ੵݟ‬΋ΒΕ͍ͯΔͷͰ͜ͷจ‫ݙ‬஋Λ࠾༻͢Ε͹ɼFES ༰ྔΛ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ͔͠͠ɼK FES
c (Cs - K) = 1000 ͱ͍͏Ծఆ͕ɼ౔৕தʹଘࡏ͢Δ FES ʹ͓͍ͯ΋੒Γཱ͔ͭͲ͏͔͸‫ݕ‬౼͕ඞཁͰ͋Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

FES ʹ͓͚Δ‫ٵ‬ண൓Ԡʹ͓͍ͯ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͱ‫͢߹ڝ‬+++Δͷ͸ K+ ͱ NH+
4 Ͱ͋ΔɽNH4 ͸ K ͷ 5 ഒ Cs ʹର͢Δબ୒ੑ͕ߴ͘ɼFES ʹ͓͚Δ 137 Cs+ ͷ Kd ͱ RIPɼ͓Αͼ౔৕༹ӷதͷ KʢCK ʣɼ NH4 ʢCNH4 ʣೱ౓ͷؒʹ͸ɼҎԼͷؔ܎͕੒ΓཱͭʢWauters et al., 1994ʣɽ
KdFES =K FES
c (Cs - K) =FES ʹ‫ٵ‬ணͨ͠137 Cs ೱ౓‫ٵ‬ணฏߧ༹ӷத

137

Cs ೱ౓

×

‫ٵ‬ணฏߧ༹ӷத K ೱ౓
FES ʹ‫ٵ‬ணͨ͠ K ೱ౓

(4)

RIP
CK + 5CNH4(6)

ࣜʢ6ʣͷؔ܎Λ༻͍Ε͹ɼRIP ͱ౔৕༹ӷத K ೱ౓ͱ

NH4 ೱ౓͔Β FES ʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷ Kd Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δɽ

RIP Λଌఆ͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ɼ·ͣɼFES Ҏ֎ͷෛిՙΛ
AgTU ͰϚεΫ͠ɼFES Λ K+ Ͱ๞࿨ͤ͞Δɽ͜͜ʹΩϟϦΞϑϦʔ 137 Cs+ ༹ӷΛఴՃ͠ɼ137 Cs+ ʹରͯ͠ա৒ͷ K+ ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ৚݅ԼͰ K+ ͱ 137 Cs+ ͷΠΦϯަ‫׵‬൓ԠΛ FES ͷΈͰਐߦͤ͞ɼฏߧʹͳΔ·Ͱ൓Ԡͤ͞ΔɽఴՃͨ͠ 137 Cs+ ͷೱ౓͸ K+ ʹൺ΂͖ΘΊͯΘ͔ͣͰ͋ΔͷͰɼFES ʹ‫ٵ‬ணͨ͠ K+ ೱ౓͸ۙࣅత
ʹ FES ͷೱ౓ͱԾఆͰ͖Δɽ‫ޫٵࢠݪ‬෼ੳ๏΍ ICP-MS෼ੳͳͲʹΑΔ‫ݩ‬ૉͱͯ͠ͷ෼ੳ‫ʹ౓ײ‬ൺ΂์ࣹೳଌఆ
ͷ‫͕֨౓ײ‬ஈʹߴ͍͔Βͦ͜ɼ͜ͷԾఆ͕ՄೳͱͳΔɽ

FES ʹ‫ٵ‬ணͨ͠ K ೱ౓͕ FES ͷೱ౓ͱ౳͍͠ͱԾఆ͢
Δͱɼࣜʢ4ʣ͸ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹॻ͖‫͑׵‬Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔɽK FESc (Cs - K) =FES ʹ‫ٵ‬ணͨ͠137 Cs ೱ౓
137‫ٵ‬ணฏߧ༹ӷத

Cs ೱ౓

×

‫ٵ‬ணฏߧ༹ӷத K ೱ౓Ұ෦ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͸ RES ʹ΋෼഑͞ΕΔͨΊɼ౔৕ͷશෛిՙ΁ͷ Kd ͸ɼ

Kd = KdRES + KdFES(7)ͱද‫͖Ͱݱ‬ΔɽSanchez et al.ʢ2002ʣ͸ɼRES Ͱ͸ Cs+
ͱ K+ ͷબ୒ੑʹ͕ࠩͳ͍͜ͱΛར༻͠ɼަ‫׵‬ੑ K ೱ౓ͱ౔৕༹ӷத K ೱ౓͔Β‫ ͨ͠ࢉܭ‬K+ ͷ Kd ͕ɼCs ͷ

RES ʹ͓͚Δ Kd ͱ౳͍͠ͱԾఆ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͔͠͠ɼϞϯϞϦϩφΠτ΁ͷ Na+ ʹର͢Δ Cs+ ͷબ୒܎਺͸ɼK+ ͷ 10 ഒͰ͋Δͱ͍͏ใࠂ΋͋ΓʢGast, 1972ʣɼCs+
ͱ K+ ͷ RES ʹ͓͚Δબ୒ੑͷࠩ͸ɼ౔৕ͷ೪౔߭෺૊੒ʹґଘ͢Δͱߟ͑ͨํ͕Α͍ͩΖ͏ɽRES ʹ͓͚
Δ Cs+ ͷ෼഑܎਺͸ɼFES ͷଘࡏ͕ແࢹͰ͖Δߴೱ౓ͷ
133 Cs+ ΛఴՃͨ͠‫ٵ‬ண࣮‫ʹݧ‬ΑΓɼ࣮‫ݧ‬తʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ͜ͱ
΋Ͱ͖Δɽ

[FES]
(5)

4. ౔৕தͷ FES ͷ‫ͱݯى‬มಈཁҼ౔৕ʹఴՃͨ͠ 137 Cs ೱ౓ͱ‫ٵ‬ணฏߧ༹ӷதͷ 137 Cs ೱ౓ͷࠩɼ͋Δ͍͸౔৕‫ݻ‬૬ · ӷ૬த 137 Cs ೱ౓ͷ௚઀෼

4.1 ౔৕෼ྨɼ߭෺૊੒ͱͷؔ܎ੳʹΑΓɼ‫ݻ‬૬ · ӷ૬தͷ 137 Cs ೱ౓͓Αͼ‫ٵ‬ணฏߧ༹

Vandebroek et al.ʢ2012ʣ͸ɼ88 ఺ͷ౔৕ͷ RIP Λௐӷதͷ K ೱ౓Λ࣮‫ݧ‬తʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΕ͹ɼ[FES] ͱ K FES
c (Cs - K)΂౔৕‫ʹͱ͝܈‬ൺֱͨ͠ɽࠇϘΫ౔ɼϙτκϧɼϑΣϥͷੵͱͯ͠ఆٛ͞ΕΔ RIP Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔɽιϧͰ͸ɼଞͷ౔৕‫ʹ܈‬ൺ΂ RIP ͕༗ҙʹ௿͍܏޲͕AgTU ͸ෆ҆ఆͳԽ߹෺Ͱ͋Γɼௐ੔‫ʹݧ࣮ʹ͙͢ޙ‬͕͋ͬͨɼಉ͡౔৕‫ͯͬ͋Ͱ܈‬΋ RIP ʹ͸େ͖ͳมಈ

༻͍Δඞཁ͕͋ΔͳͲऔѻ͍ʹ஫ҙ͕ඞཁͰ͋Δɽͦ͜෯͕͋Γɼ౔৕෼ྨͷΈ͔Β͸์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷัଊೳΛ

16౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)આ໌Ͱ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ͕ࣔ͞ΕͨɽWaegeneers et al.ʢ1999ʣʹΑΓ 137 Cs+ ͷ‫ٵ‬ண્͕֐͞ΕΔ͕ɼ137 Cs+ ఴՃ‫ʹޙ‬͕ɼϕϧΪʔͷ຀૲஍౔৕ͷ RIP ͱ౔৕ҰൠཧԽֶੑͷೆ෦Ͱ͸૬͕ؔೝΊΒΕͳ͔ͬͨɽKruyts and Delvaux

K+ ΛఴՃ͢Δͱ 2 : 1 ‫ܕ‬૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺ͷ૚͕ؒऩॖ
͠ɼ‫ٵ‬ணͨ͠ 137 Cs+ ͕୤཭͠ʹ͘͘ͳΔͨΊͰ͋Δͱ
Absalom et al.ʢ1995ʣ͸ղऍ͍ͯ͠ΔɽK ༹͕୤͋Δ͍͸‫͞څڙ‬ΕΔλΠϛϯά΋์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷ‫ݻ‬ఆ൓Ԡʹؔ༩

ʢ2002ʣ΋ RIP ͸೪౔‫ྔؚ‬΍ CEC ͱ͸૬͕ؔͳ͔ͬͨ

͍ͯ͠Δɽؔ܎Λ౷‫ܭ‬తʹղੳͨ͠ͱ͜ΖɼϕϧΪʔ๺෦ͷ෩੒ଯੵ෺༝དྷͷ౔৕Ͱ͸೪౔‫ ͱྔؚ‬RIP ʹ૬͕͕ؔ͋ͬͨɼ

ͱใࠂ͍ͯ͠ΔɽҰํɼRIP ͱ೪౔߭෺ͷ૊੒ʹ͸ؔ܎౔৕ͷ RIP Λࢿࡐࢪ༻ʹΑͬͯ૿Ճͤ͞Δ͜ͱʹΑ͕ͬೝΊΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ౔৕ͷ RIP ͱόʔϛΩϡϥΠτ‫ؚ‬ͯɼ২෺΁ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷҠߦΛ௿‫ͤ͞ݮ‬Α͏ͱ͍͏ࢼ

ྔʢDelvaux et al., 2000; Maes et al., 1999aʣɼ෱ౡͷਫా

Έ΋͋ΔɽVandenhove et al.ʢ2005ʣ͸ɼRIP ͷ௿͍࠭౔৕ͷ೪౔ը෼ͷ RIP ͱӢ฼଒߭෺‫ྔؚ‬ʢNakao et al.,࣭ϙτκϧʹ K ‫ܕ‬ϕϯτφΠτΛఴՃͯ͠ϥΠάϥεΛ

2014ʣͷؒʹߴ͍૬͕ؔೝΊΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ·ͨɼRIP ͷ௿͍ΧΦϦϯɼεϝΫλΠτ଒ͷඪ४೪౔ʢOgasawara etal., 2013ʣ΍༗‫౔࣭ػ‬৕ʢWauters et al., 1996ʣͷ RIP ͸

࠿ഓ͢Δͱɼ3 ࡞໨͔Β์ࣹੑ Cs ͷҠߦ܎਺͕‫ݮ‬গ͠ɼඍྔʹ‫·ؚ‬ΕΔΠϥΠτͷଘࡏʹґଘ͢Δɽ͢ͳΘͪ౔৕தͰ͸ओཁ੒෼ͱ͸͍͑ͳ͍ଘࡏྔͰ͋ͬͯ΋ɼFES
Λ༗͢ΔӢ฼଒߭෺ͷଘࡏ͕ɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ڍ‬ಈΛࢧ഑͠
͍ͯΔͱ͍͑ΔɽRIP ͸ΠϥΠτΑΓ΋όʔϛΩϡϥΠ
τͷํ͕େ͖͍ʢNakao et al., 2008ʣɽ·ͨɼMaes et al.
ʢ1999bʣ͸ςτϥϑΣχϧϗ΢ࢎφτϦ΢ϜॲཧʹΑΓࠇӢ฼͔Β૚ؒͷ K Λআ‫͢ڈ‬Δ͜ͱͰ෩ԽΛ࠶‫͠ݱ‬όʔϛΩϡϥΠτ༷ͷߏ଄Λ࡞Γग़͢ͱɼ‫ٵ‬ணͨ͠ 137 Cs+͕୤཭͞ΕΔׂ߹͕‫ݮ‬গ͢Δ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ɽGuivarch et5 ࡞࠿ഓ‫ޙ‬ͷ౔৕ͷ RIP ͕ϕϯτφΠτࢪ༻ྔʹԠͯ͡
૿Ճ͢Δ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ɽRIP ͕ 24 mmol kg−1 ͷ౔৕ʹ
RIP ͕ 7700 mmol kg−1 ͷ೪౔ʢpolygorskiteʣΛ 10 ∼30 t ha−1 ఴՃͯ͠΋ࢿࡐࢪ༻‫౔ޙ‬৕ͷ RIP ͸มԽ͠ͳ͍͕ɼ౔৕ͷ‫࣪ס‬Λ‫܁‬Γฦ͢͜ͱͰ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷ୤཭ׂ߹͕‫ݮ‬গͨ͠ͱͷใࠂ΋͋ΔʢCamps et al., 2003ʣɽͨͩ͠ɼ͜ͷΑ͏ͳҠߦ܎਺௿‫ޮݮ‬Ռ͸‫ݩ‬དྷ RIP ͷߴ͍౔৕Ͱ͸‫ࡏݦ‬Խ͠ʹ͍͘΋ͷͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽRIP ͕ߴ͍౔৕Ͱ͸ɼ౔৕ͷ࣋ͭ RIP Λ௒͑ΔྔͷࢿࡐΛఴՃ͢Δ͜ͱ͸‫࣮ݱ‬తͰ͸ͳ͍ɽ

al., 1999bʣɽӢ฼଒߭෺ͷ෩Խ౓߹΋౔৕ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs+

RIP ͰධՁ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͸ɼFES ͦͷ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɼ͋
͘·Ͱ Ca2+ ͋Δ͍͸ AgTU ʹൺ΂ 137 Cs+ ͷબ୒ੑ͕ߴ͍‫ٵ‬ணαΠτͰ͋ΔɽFES ౳ͷߴબ୒ੑαΠτʹ Cs+͕‫ٵ‬ணͨ͠ͱͯ͠΋ͦ͜ʹ Cs+ ͕‫ݻ‬ఆ͞ΕΔ͔Ͳ͏͔͸ɼCs+ ‫ٵ‬ண‫ ʹޙ‬2 : 1 ‫ܕ‬૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺͕ऩॖ͢Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ʹґଘ͢Δɽ২෺ͷࠜʹΑΔ Cs ͷ‫ٵ‬ऩ͸ɼ্‫ݶ‬͸͋Δ΋ͷͷ K ࢪංʹΑΓ௿‫͖Ͱݮ‬ΔɽK ͷఴՃ͕૚ؒ
ͷऩॖΛ༠ಋ͠ɼCs+ ͷ‫ݻ‬ఆ൓Ԡʹ༗ޮʹಇ͘ͷͰ͋Ε͹ɼK ࢪං͸͖ΘΊͯ༗ޮͳҠߦ௿‫ݮ‬ରࡦͱ͍͑ΔͩΖ‫ݻ‬ఆೳͷࢧ഑ཁҼͰ͋Δɽ

͏ɽ͔͠͠૚ؒͷऩॖͷଅਐʹɼ‫࣪ס‬ͷ‫܁‬Γฦ͕͠ඞਢ

Joussein et al.ʢ2004ʣ͸ɼӢ฼ྨΛ‫͍ͳ·ؚ‬ΧϝϧʔϯͷࠇϘΫ౔ʹ RIP ͷߴ͍೶ߞ஍౔৕͕͋Δ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ɽ͜ͷ౔৕Ͱ͸ɼࢪංʹΑΓ K ͕ଟྔʹ͋Δ৚݅ԼͰεϝΫλΠτ଒߭෺ͷ‫܁͕࣪ס‬Γฦ͞Εͨ݁ՌɼFES ༷Ͱ͋Ε͹ɼ౔৕Λ‫ס‬૩ͤ͞Δ޻෉͕Ͱ͖ΔͱΑ͍͔΋͠

al.ʢ1999ʣ͸ɼCs+ ‫ٵ‬ணೳͷ௿͍࣭࠭ϙτκϧͰ͸ɼࠜʹΑΔ K ‫ٵ‬ऩʹΑͬͯ΋ 137 Cs+ ఴՃೱ౓͕௿ೱ౓ͷͱ͖ͷ Kd ͕૿Ճ͢Δ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ɽόʔϛΩϡϥΠτͷ
૚ؒʹώυϩΩγΞϧϛχ΢ϜϙϦϚʔΠΦϯ͕ೖΓࠐ
Έ 1.4 nm தؒछ߭෺ʹͳΔͱ RIPʢNakao et al., 2009ʣ͓Αͼ์ࣹੑ Cs+ อ࣋ೳ͸‫ݮ‬গ͠ʢMaes et al., 1999aʣɼ‫ٵ‬ணͨ͠ 137 Cs+ ͕୤཭͞ΕΔׂ߹͸૿Ճ͢ΔʢMaes etΕͳ͍ɽࠓͷͱ͜Ζ‫ݱ‬৔ϨϕϧͰ K ࢪංʹΑΔ 2 : 1 ‫ܕ‬૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺ͷ૚ؒͷऩॖ͕ଅਐ͞ΕΔ͔Ͳ͏͔Λࣔ͢σʔλ͸ͳ͍ɽͷαΠτ͕‫ܗ‬੒͞ΕͨͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ͱਪଌ͍ͯ͠Δɽத

4.2 FES ΁ͷ౸ୡ଎౓ͱΤΠδϯάޮՌඌΒʢ2011ʣ͸ɼΠϥΠτ͓ΑͼεϝΫλΠτ͕ओཁ೪౔৕ʹ௜ணͨ͠์ࣹੑ Cs ͸࣌ؒͱͱ΋ʹ౔৕༹ӷʹ౔߭෺Ͱ͋Δ௿஍౔ɼΞϩϑΣϯ࣭ࠇϘΫ౔Λ K ๞࿨͠෼഑͠ʹ͍͘‫ܗ‬ଶ΁ͱมԽ͠ɼCs ͷ২෺΁ͷҠߦ܎਺‫࣪ס‬Λ 10 ճ‫܁‬Γฦ͢ͱɼ௿஍౔Ͱ͸ Cs+ ͷ Kd ͕૿Ճ͢Δ͜ͱΛ࣮ূͨ͠ɽ͔͠͠ K ๞࿨ · ‫ॲ࣪ס‬ཧʹΑͬͯ૿

Ճͨ͠ Kd ͸ɼ0.01 mol L−1 CaCl2 ʹΑΔ K ༹୤ʹΑΓ͸ɼ౔৕ʹ Cs+ ͕ఴՃ͞Ε͔ͯΒ͕࣌ؒ‫ܦ‬ա͢ΔʹͭΕͯ‫ݮ‬গ͢ΔʢTakeda et al., 2013ʣɽΤΠδϯάޮՌͱ‫ݺ‬͹ΕΔ͜ͷ‫ݱ‬৅͸ɼRES ʹอ࣋͞Ε͍ͯͨ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͕‫ݮ‬গ͢Δ͜ͱ͔ΒɼεϝΫλΠτʹ‫ܗ‬੒͞Εͨ FES ༷ͷ

FES ʹ෼഑͞ΕΔׂ߹͕૿Ճ͠ɼ͞Βʹ૚͕ؒऩॖ͢Δߏ଄͸ɼ҆ఆʹଘࡏ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍Մೳੑ͕͋Δͱࢦ

͜ͱͰ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷ‫ݻ‬ఆׂ߹͕࣌ؒͱͱ΋ʹ૿Ճ͢Δ͜

ఠ͍ͯ͠Δɽ·ͨɼNakao et al.ʢ2014ʣͷௐࠪͰεϝΫͱʹΑ͓ͬͯ͜ΔɽFES ͕ 2 : 1 ‫ܕ‬૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺ͷλΠτ‫ྔؚ‬ͷଟ͍ਫా౔৕ʹ͓͍ͯ RIP ͱӢ฼‫ྔؚ‬ͷؒ๲५૚͔Β཭Εͨ෦෼ʹଘࡏ͢Δ৔߹ɼ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͸ɼʹඞͣ͠΋ߴ͍૬͕ؔ੒Γཱͨͳ͔ͬͨͷ΋ɼεϝΫλ๲५૚ʹ‫ٵ‬ண͍ͯ͠Δਫ࿨ΠΦϯͱΠΦϯަ‫׵‬Λ‫܁‬ΓฦΠτΛ‫ؚ‬Ή౔৕Ͱ͸ K ࢪංͱࢪං‫ޙ‬ͷཤྺ͕ FES ༷ͷͯ͠಺෦΁֦ࢄ͠ɼFES ΁౸ୡ͢Δඞཁ͕͋ΔɽWautersߏ଄ͷੜ੒ʹӨ‫͍ͯ͠ڹ‬Δ͔Β͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɽAbsalom

et al.ʢ1994ʣ͸ɼΠϥΠτΛ K+ ͷΈͰ๞࿨ͨ͠‫์Ͱޙ‬ࣹੑ Cs+ Λ‫ٵ‬ணͤͨ͞৔߹ͱൺֱ͠ɼK+ ͱ Ca2+ ͷࠞ߹༹ӷɼ͋Δ͍͸ K+ ͱ Mg2+ ͷࠞ߹༹ӷͰ๞࿨ͨ͠৔
߹ͷํ͕์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͕‫ݻ‬ఆ͞ΕΔׂ߹͕ߴ͍͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ɽ͜Ε͸ɼ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ΑΓ΋બ୒ੑͷ௿͍ਫ࿨ͨ͠

et al.ʢ1995ʣ͸ɼ౔৕ʹ K+ ΛఴՃ͔ͯ͠Β 137 Cs+ ΛఴՃ͢Δͱ 137 Cs+ ͷ Kd ͕‫ݮ‬গ͢Δ͕ɼ137 Cs+ ΛఴՃͨ͠‫ Ͱޙ‬K+ ΛఴՃ͢Δͱ 137 Cs+ ͷ Kd ͕૿Ճ͢Δ͜ͱΛ໌Β͔ʹͨ͠ɽK+ ΛઌʹఴՃͨ͠ͱ͖͸ K+ ͱͷ‫߹ڝ‬γϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूɹղઆɿ౔৕΁ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ٵ‬ணϝΧχζϜ

17

Ca2+ ΍ Mg2+ ͕๲५૚Λ๞࿨͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼ๲५૚಺ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷҠಈ͕଎͓͖͘ΔͨΊͰ͋Δͱड़͸૚ؒͷ࢛໘ମʹ઀͢Δ෦෼ΑΓ͸Ή͠ΖΤοδ෦෼ʹ΂͍ͯΔɽ೪౔߭෺ͷ֎෦ฏୱ໘ͳͲͱൺֱ͠ɼཻࢠ಺ͳ͍ͬͯΔͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ೪౔ʕ෗২ෳ߹ମͷΑ͏ͳ‫ڽ‬֦ࢄաఔͷ൓Ԡ଎౓͸஗͍ʢSparks, 2003ʣɽ౔৕ͷΑ͏ूମ͕‫ܗ‬੒͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱʹΑΓɼ2 : 1 ‫ܕ‬૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘͳෆ‫ۉ‬Ұͳද໘Λ࣋ͭ‫ٵ‬ணഔʹ͓͚Δཻࢠ಺֦ࢄͷ൓Ԡ߭෺ͷ૚ؒ΁ͷ Cs+ ͷΞΫηε੍͕‫͞ݶ‬Ε͍ͯΔͱ΋ߟ଎౓΁ͷӨ‫ڹ‬͸ Cs+ Ҏ֎Ͱ΋೶ༀͷ‫ٵ‬ண౳ଟ͘ͷ‫ྫڀݚ‬͑ΒΕΔɽ‫ٵ‬ண͠ɼ೪౔߭෺ͷཻࢠಉ࢜Λ‫ͤ͞ूڽ‬ΔόΠϯμʔͱ

͕͋Δ͕ʢPignatello and Xing, 1995ʣɼ਺͔݄͔Β೥୯౔৕தʹ͸෗২෺࣭ͷΑ͏ʹ෼ղ͕ਐΜͩ༗‫ػ‬෺ͩҐͰ‫ٵ‬ணྔ͕૿Ճ͠ɼΤΠδϯά͕࣌ؒ௕͍΄Ͳ୤཭ׂ͚Ͱͳ͘ɼ২෺΍ඍੜ෺༝དྷͷൺֱత৽઱ͳ༗‫ػ‬෺΋ଘ߹͕‫ݮ‬গ͢Δ܏޲͕͋ΔɽΠϥΠτ΁ͷ Cs+ ‫ٵ‬ண൓Ԡʹ

ࡏ͢Δɽͦͷ‫د‬༩͸೶ߞ஍ΑΓ΋৿ྛද૚౔ͷํ͕େ͖͸ɼ࠷ॳͷ଎͍Մ‫ٯ‬తͳ൓Ԡաఔʹଓ͖ɼ਺ि͔ؒΒ਺͍ɽ৿ྛͷද૚౔Ͱ͸ɼେ‫ݧ࣮֩಺ݍؾ‬ϑΥʔϧΞ΢τ͔݄୯ҐͷෆՄ‫ٯ‬తͳ൓Ԡաఔ͕ଘࡏ͢ΔʢComans et༝དྷͷ 137 Cs ೱ౓ͱશ୸ૉ‫ʹྔؚ‬ਖ਼ͷ૬͕ؔೝΊΒΕͯ

al., 1991; Comans and Hockley, 1992ʣɽMcKinley et al.

͓ΓʢTakenaka et al., 1998ʣɼ༗‫ػ‬෺͕์ࣹੑ Cs ͷγʢ2004ʣ͸ɼനӢ฼ʹ 133 Cs+ ΛఴՃ͠ɼ૸ࠪ‫ݦࢠిܕ‬ඍϯΫͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ͜Ε͸ɼ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͕‫ٵ‬ணͨ͠༗‫ڸ‬Λ༻͍ͯ Cs ͷ෼෍Λ‫ͨ͠࡯؍‬ɽCs ͸നӢ฼୺໘Ͱ࠷

‫ػ‬෺Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɼ২෺͕‫ٵ‬ऩͨ͠์ࣹੑ Cs ͕མ༿ͳͲΛ΋ଟ͍͕ɼཻࢠͷ಺෦ʹ΋෼෍͓ͯ͠Γɼ಺෦΁ͷ֦ࢄ௨ͯ͠౔৕ʹؐ‫͞ݩ‬Εͨ༗‫ػ‬෺Ͱ͋Δɽ৿ྛ౔৕ͷද૚͕ΤΠδϯάޮՌʹΑΓ Cs ͕நग़͞Εʹ͘͘ͳΔཁҼ͸ɼ์ࣹੑ Cs+ Λ‫ٵ‬ண͢Δ೪౔߭෺͕গͳ͘ɼҰ౓২෺

Ͱ͋Δͱड़΂͍ͯΔɽͨͩ͠ɼେ෦෼ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͸ɼʹ‫ٵ‬ऩ͞Εͨ์ࣹੑ Cs ͕ൺֱతಈ͖΍͍͢‫ܗ‬ଶͰੜଶ௜ண௚‫ʹޙ‬ਫ΍ਣࢎΞϯϞχ΢ϜͰ͸நग़͞Εͳ͍‫ܗ‬ଶ‫಺ܥ‬Λ॥‫͍ͯ͠؀‬ΔͨΊͰ͋ΔɽZhong et al.ʢ2007ʣ͸ʹͳΔɽTakeda et al.ʢ2013ʣʹΑΔ 133 Cs Λ౔৕ʹఴՃχ΢ϜͰ͸நग़͞Εͳ͍‫ܗ‬ଶͰ͋ͬͨɽΤΠδϯάޮՌ

40 ೥લʹਓҝతʹ 137 CsCl ΛఴՃͨ͠ϩʔϜ౔৕Ͱ͸໿
0.2 % ͷ 137 Cs ͕ඍੜ෺ମ಺ʹऔΓࠐ·Ε͍ͯͨ͜ͱΛ
ࣔͨ͠ɽParekh et al.ʢ2008ʣ͸ɼ߭෺Λ‫͍ͳ·ؚ‬མ༿༝ʹΑΓަ‫׵‬ଶ͔Β‫ݻ‬ఆଶ΁Ҡߦ͢Δͷ͸ɼ௜ணॳ‫ݻʹظ‬དྷͷ༗‫ػ‬෺Λ໓‫ە‬ɼඇ໓‫ە‬৚݅ԼͰഓཆͨ݁͠Ռɼඍੜ

ఆ͞Εͳ͔ͬͨ͘͝Ұ෦ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs+ Ͱ͋Δɽ෺‫׆‬ಈʹΑΓਫ༹ੑ 137 Cs ͕‫ݮ‬গ͢Δ͜ͱΛใࠂ͍ͯ͠

࣮ͨ͠‫݁ݧ‬ՌͰ΋ɼఴՃ 1 ೔‫ʹޙ‬͸ 70 % ͕ਣࢎΞϯϞ

4.3 ༗‫ػ‬෺ͷӨ‫ڹ‬Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹ์ࣹੑ Cs ͸ඍੜ෺ମ಺ʹ΋औΓࠐ·Ε౔৕༗‫ػ‬෺͕์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷ‫ٵ‬ணαΠτͱͯ͠‫ػ‬ೳ͠

Δ͕ɼ౦‫ྗిژ‬෱ౡୈҰ‫͔ނࣄॴిൃྗࢠݪ‬Β 1 ೥‫ޙ‬ͷ͍ͯΔͷ͸ɼ೪౔߭෺‫͖͕ྔؚ‬ΘΊͯগͳ͍༗‫౔࣭ػ‬৕৿ྛ౔৕Ͱ͸ɼΫϩϩϗϧϜᗉৠલ‫ޙ‬ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs நग़ʹ‫ݶ‬ΒΕʢRigol et al., 2002ʣɼCs ‫ٵ‬ணαΠτͱͯ͠ͷ཰ʹࠩ͸ͳ͘ɼඍੜ෺ମ಺ʹऔΓࠐ·Ε͍ͯΔը෼͸খ༗‫ػ‬෺༝དྷͷෛిՙͷ‫د‬༩͸͖ΘΊͯখ͍͞ʢLofts et͔ͬͨ͞ͱͷใࠂ͕͋ΔʢKoarashi et al., 2012ʣɽ

al., 2002ʣɽϑϧϘࢎͷ‫ڞ‬ଘԼͰ͸์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷ Kd ͕‫ݮ‬গ͢Δ͜ͱʢStaunton and Roubaud, 1997ʣɼΠϥΠτ

5. ౔৕‫ݻ‬૬ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷӷ૬΁ͷ࠶෼഑Λ༗‫ػ‬෺Ͱඃ෴͢Δͱ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷ‫ٵ‬ணྔ͕‫ݮ‬গ͢Δ
͜ͱʢBellenger and Staunton, 2008ʣɼ౔৕೪౔ը෼͔Β౔৕‫ݻ‬૬͔Β౔৕༹ӷ΁෼഑͞ΕΔ์ࣹੑ Cs ͸౔৕༗‫ػ‬෺Λআ‫͢ڈ‬Δͱ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷ Kd ͕૿Ճ͢Δ͜ͱશମʹ‫·ؚ‬ΕΔ์ࣹੑ Cs ʹ઎ΊΔׂ߹ͱͯ͠͸Θ͔ͣ

ʢStaunton et al., 2002ʣͳͲ͔Βɼ౔৕༗‫ػ‬෺͸์ࣹੑ

Ͱ͋Δɽ͔͠͠ɼ౔৕த์ࣹੑ Cs ೱ౓͕ߴ͍৔߹͸ɼCs+ ͷ౔৕‫ݻ‬૬΁ͷ‫ٵ‬ணΛ๦͛ΔޮՌΛ࣋ͭ͜ͱ͕Θ͔ͦͷΘ͔ͣͳ์ࣹੑ Cs ྔ͕ແࢹͰ͖ͳ͍ɽSmith andΔɽ෱ౡपลͰͷௐࠪ݁ՌͰ͸ RIP ͱ౔৕ͷ୸ૉ‫ʹྔؚ‬Comansʢ1996ʣ͸ɼ‫ݻ‬ఆଶ͔Βަ‫׵‬ଶ΁ͷ‫ٯ‬൓Ԡͷ൒͸ෛͷ૬͕ؔೝΊΒΕʢ೶ྛਫ࢈ল, 2013ʣɼ༗‫ػ‬෺‫ྔؚ‬‫ظݮ‬͸ 10 ೥ͷΦʔμʔͰ͋Γɼ30 ೥ؒͰ 20 % ͷ 137 Cs

ͷଟ͍౔৕΄Ͳ์ࣹੑ Cs+ Λ‫ݻ‬ఆ͢Δೳྗ͕௿͍܏޲ʹ͕ଯੵ෺͔Βਫʹ࠶෼഑͞ΕΔ‫ͳʹࢉܭ‬Δͱड़΂͍ͯ͋Δɽ·ͨɼAbsalom et al.ʢ1995ʣ͸ɼ༗‫౔࣭ػ‬৕Ͱ͸ఴ
Ճͨ͠ 137 Cs+ ͷ Kd ͕࣌ؒͱͱ΋ʹ૿Ճ͠ɼฏߧʹୡ͢Δͷʹ͕͔͔࣌ؒΔ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ɽ༗‫ػ‬෺͕‫ٵ‬ண͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱʹΑΓ 2 : 1 ‫ܕ‬૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺ͷ๲५૚ͱඇ๲५
૚ͷ‫ڥ‬ք͕ɼ૚ͷΤοδʹ͋ͨΔ෦෼͔Β཭Εͨ෦෼ʹ
ͳΔ͜ͱʢDumat and Staunton, 1999ʣɼCs+ ‫ٵ‬ணʹͱ΋ͳ͏૚ؒͷऩॖ੍͕‫͞ݶ‬ΕΔ͜ͱʢDumat et al., 2000ʣ͕ཁҼͱͯ͋͛͠ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽDumat and Stauntonʢ1999ʣ
ͱ Staunton et al.ʢ2002ʣ͸ɼΠϥΠτɼϞϯϞϦϩφΠ
τ΁ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ‫ٵ‬ண΁ͷ෗২ࢎ͓ΑͼϑϧϘࢎͷӨ‫ڹ‬ͷҧ͍ʹҰఆͷ܏޲͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕͳ͍͜ͱ͔Βɼ༗‫ػ‬෺ͷଘࡏʹΑΓ Cs+ ͷ‫ٵ‬ண͕ϒϩοΫ͞ΕΔޮՌ͸୯ʹ༗‫ػ‬෺Δɽ·ͨɼ‫ݻ‬૬ͱ઀͢Δ༹ӷͷ NH+
4 ೱ౓ͷ૿ՃʹΑΓɼ

Cs+ ͷӷ૬΁ͷ෼഑͕૿Ճ͢Δɽͨͱ͑͹ Comans etal.ʢ1989ʣ͸ɼ‫ބ‬পଯੵ෺ͷؐ‫ݩ‬తͳྖҬͰؒܺਫதͷ
137 Cs ೱ౓͕ߴ͘ɼଯੵ෺ͷ 137 Cs ͷ K ͱ NH ೱ౓ʹ4dෛͷ૬͕ؔ͋Δ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼEvans et al.ʢ1983ʣ
137 Cs+ ೱ౓ʹ͸ఈటΛؐ‫ݩ‬ഓཆͨ͠ͱ͖ͷ NH+
4 ೱ౓ͱ
137
+
૬͕ؔ͋Δ͜ͱ͔ΒՆ‫ʹق‬ఈటͷCs ͕Մ༹Խ͢Δ+
ͷ͸ NH4 ೱ౓ͷ্ঢʹΑΔͱड़΂͍ͯΔɽਫాͰ΋ྨࣅͷ‫ݱ‬৅͕͓͓ͬͯ͜Γɼఱਖ਼Βʢ1961ʣ͸ɼਫҴ͕཮ҴΑΓ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷҠߦ܎਺͕ߴ͍ͷ͸ɼਫాʹ͓͚Δ
ؐ‫ظݩ‬ͷ NH+
4 ೱ౓ͷ্ঢ͕‫ݪ‬ҼͰ͋Δͱड़΂͍ͯΔɽࢎ΍Ԙ༹ӷʹΑΔ์ࣹੑ Cs நग़๏͸ɼFig. 1 ᶃɼᶄཱ͕ମతʹ Cs+ ͷΞΫηεΛ੍‫͍ͯ͠ݶ‬Δͱ͍͏͚ͩ

ͷ RES αΠτ͔Βͷަ‫׵‬நग़ʹ͘Θ͑ɼநग़ࡎʹ‫·ؚ‬Ͱ͸આ໌Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͱड़΂͍ͯΔɽෛిՙΛ࣋ͭ෗২෺࣭

ΕΔΧνΦϯͱ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷ FES ΛΊ͙Δ‫߹ڝ‬൓ԠΛ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)18

ͱ΋ͳ͏ɽFES ΁ͷબ୒ੑͷ௿͍ Ca ԘͳͲΛநग़ࡎͱΑΔަ‫׵‬ੑ์ࣹੑ Cs ෼ੳ݁ՌͳͲ͔Βɼ౔৕ʹ௜ணͯ͠͠༻͍Δͱɼ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͕ FES ʹ࠶‫ٵ‬ண͞Εɼநग़ͨ์ࣹੑ Cs ༹͕ղ͠ɼ౔৕ߏ੒੒෼ͱ൓Ԡ͢Δϓϩη͞Εͳ͍ɽަ‫׵‬ଶ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷநग़๏ͱͯ͠ 1 mol L−1ε͕͋ͬͨ͜ͱ͸࣮֬Ͱ͋Δɽ·ͨɼ౔৕͔Β์ࣹੑ Cs

ਣࢎΞϯϞχ΢Ϝ༹ӷʹΑΔநग़͕Α͘༻͍ΒΕ͍͕ͯਫʹΑΓ΄ͱΜͲநग़͞Εͳ͍ͷ͸ɼ߱Լ෺தͷ์ࣹΔɽ͜ͷநग़๏Ͱ͸ߴೱ౓ͷ NH+
4 ͱͷ‫ʹ߹ڝ‬ΑΓɼަ

ੑ Cs ͕͢΂ͯෆ༹ੑͰ͔͋ͬͨΒͰ͸ͳ͘ɼ౔৕ʹ‫ڧ‬‫׵‬நग़͞Εͨ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷ࠶‫ٵ‬ணΛ๷͙͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ‫ݻʹݻ‬ఆ͞ΕΔׂ߹͕ଟ͍͔ΒͰ͋ΔɽຊߘͰड़΂͖ͯ

͕ɼWauters et al.ʢ1994ʣ͸ɼRES ͚ͩͰͳ͘ FES ʹͨΑ͏ʹɼ౔৕தʹ͸์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ݻ‬ఆʹे෼ͳྔͷϑ‫ٵ‬ணͨ͠์ࣹੑ Cs+ ΋நग़ͯ͠͠·͏ͱࢦఠ͍ͯ͠ΔɽϨΠυ · Τοδ · αΠτ͕ଘࡏ͢Δʹ΋͔͔ΘΒͣɼҰ

Wauters et al.ʢ1994ʣ͸ɼRES ʹ‫ٵ‬ணͨ͠์ࣹੑ Cs ͷநग़ૢ࡞ͱͯ͠ɼಁੳບʹΠΦϯަ‫׵‬ମΛશަ‫׵‬༰ྔʢKd× ࣭ྔʣ͕౔৕ͷ 10 ഒҎ্ͱͳΔΑ͏ʹ෧ೖ͠ɼ౔৕
‫ݒ‬୙ӷͱ‫ڞ‬ଘͤ͞Δํ๏ΛఏҊ͍ͯ͠ΔɽNH+
4 Λ࢖ͬ
ͨ୤཭൓Ԡ͸೪౔ͷऩॖΛҾ͖‫͢͜ى‬ଆ໘΋͋ΔʢRigol
et al., 1999ʣɽKoning and Comansʢ2004ʣ͸ΠϥΠτʹ
൓Ԡ࣌ؒ 5 ෼Ͱ‫ٵ‬ணͤͨ͞์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͸ϓϧγΞϯϒ
ϧʔΛೖΕͨಁੳບͱ‫ڞ‬ଘͤ͞Δͱ 100 % ୤཭͢Δ͕ɼ
ϓϧγΞϯϒϧʔΛೖΕͨಁੳບ͓Αͼ 1 mol L−1 ਣࢎΞϯϞχ΢Ϝ༹ӷͱ‫ڞ‬ଘͤ͞Δͱ 20 % ͕୤཭͠ͳ͘ͳ
Δ͜ͱ͔Βɼ1 mol L−1 ਣࢎΞϯϞχ΢Ϝநग़͸ NH+
4 ʹ

෦ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͸‫ݻ‬ఆ͞Εͣަ‫׵‬ଶͱͯ͠ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠ΔɽΑΓ૚͕ؒऩॖ͠ɼ୤཭ྔΛաখධՁ͢Δ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ɽे෼௿ೱ౓ͷԘ༹ӷʢΠϥΠτ͔Βͷநग़ͷ৔߹ 10−4mM NH4 ʣΛ࢖ͬͯநग़͢Ε͹ɼFES ʹ‫ٵ‬ணͨ͠ Cs+ ͸ΠΦϯަ‫׵‬ՄೳͰ͋Γɼ์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͷ‫ڥ؀‬தͰͷ‫ٵ‬୤ண൓ԠͷՄ‫ٯ‬ੑ͸ɼҰൠʹߟ͑ΒΕ͍ͯΔΑΓ΋ߴ͍Մೳ์ࣹੑ Cs ͕‫ݻ‬ఆ͞ΕΔোนͱͳ͍ͬͯΔͷ͸ͳʹ͔ɼΤΠδϯάʹΑͬͯ‫ݻ‬ఆׂ߹͕ͲͷΑ͏ͳ৚݅ͰͲ͏ม
Խ͢Δ͔ʹؔͯ͠͸·ͩෆ໌ͳ఺΋ଟ͍ɽ౔৕ʹΑͬͯ์ࣹੑ Cs Λ‫ٵ‬ண͢Δ߭෺ͷ෩Խ౓߹΍༗‫ػ‬෺ʹΑΔඃ
෴ఔ౓͕ҟͳΔ͜ͱΛߟྀ͠ɼ౔৕தʹ͓͚Δ൓ԠϝΧχζϜɼΤΠδϯάϓϩηεͷղ໌ΛਐΊΔඞཁ͕͋ΔɽҾ༻จ‫ݙ‬
Absalom, J.P., Young, S.D. and Crout, N.M.J. (1995): Radiocesium ﬁxation dynamics — Measurement in 16 Cumbrian soils.
Eur. J. Soil Sci., 46: 461–469.
Adachi, K., Kajino, M., Zaizen, Y. and Igarashi, Y. (2013): Emission of spherical cesium-bearing particles from an early stageof the Fukushima nuclear accident. Sci. Rep. 3.

ੑ͕͋ΔʢKoning and Comans, 2004ʣɽ૚ؒͷऩॖ͸୤

Anderson, S.J. and Sposito, G. (1991): Cesium adsorption method཭ྔ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɼ୤཭଎౓ʹ΋Ө‫͢ڹ‬Δɽ0.001 ∼ 1 mol

for measuring accessible structural surface charge. Soil Sci.

L−1 ͷ Cs+ ΛఴՃͨ͠৔߹ͷ Cs+ ͷ୤཭൓Ԡͷ൒‫ظݮ‬
͕໿ 2 ೥Ͱ͋Δͷʹର͠ɼCs+ ఴՃೱ౓͕ 10−4 mol L−1ͷͱ͖͸ 0.94 ೥Ͱ͋ͬͨʢKoning and Comans, 2004ʣɽ

6. ͓ΘΓʹ

Soc. Am. J., 55: 1569–1576.
ߥ઒ ߂ (1991): 4◦ C ͷಾɹਫͷຊ࣭Λ୳Δ. pp. 152–165, ๺ւಓେֶਤॻ‫ߦץ‬ձ, ࡳຈ.

Bellenger, J-P and Staunton, S. (2008): Adsorption and desorption of 85 Sr and 137 Cs on reference minerals, with and without
inorganic and organic surface coatings. J. Environ. Radioact.,࠷ۙͷ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼࣄ‫ൃނ‬ੜ‫ظॳޙ‬ͷஈ֊Ͱɼਫ༹ੑͷ

99: 831–840.

௿ཻ͍ࢠঢ়ͷ‫ܗ‬ଶͰͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ௜ண͕͋ͬͨ͜ͱ͕

Brouwer, E., Baeyens, B., Maes, A. and Cremers, A. (1983): Ce-ࢦఠ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽͨͱ͑͹ Adachi et al.ʢ2013ʣ͸ɼͭ

sium and rubidium ion equilibria in illite clay. J. Phys. Chem.,͘͹ࢢ಺Ͱ 2011 ೥ 3 ݄ 14 ∼ 15 ೔ʹ࠾औͨ߱͠Լ෺ʹɼ

87: 1213–1219.

௚‫ ܘ‬2 μ m ఔ౓ͷཻࢠঢ়ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ͜ͱΛCamps, M., Rigol, A., Vidal, M. and Rauret, G. (2003): Assess-ࣔͨ͠ɽҏ౻Βʢ2013ʣΒ΋౔৕΍২෺ͷ༿ͷද໘ʹɼment of the suitability of soil amendments to reduce Cs-137

์ࣹੑ Cs Λೱॖཻͨ͠ࢠ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ͜ͱΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δɽ

and Sr-90 root uptake in meadows. Environ. Sci. Technol., 37:ਫ༹ੑͷ௿͍์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ௜ணྔͱ෼෍ྖҬ͸໌Β͔ʹ

2820–2828.

͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍͕ɼ͜ΕΒͷଘࡏ͸౔৕தͰͷ‫ڍ‬ಈɼΤΠ

Comans, R.N.J. and Hockley, D.E. (1992): Kinetics of cesiumδϯάϓϩηεɼ২෺΁ͷ‫ٵ‬ऩ܏޲Λߟ͑Δ͏͑Ͱແsorption on illite. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 56:

ࢹͰ͖ͳ͍ͩΖ͏ɽਫ༹ੑͷ௿ཻ͍ࢠʹ‫·ؚ‬ΕΔ์ࣹੑ

1157–1164.

Cs ͕ঃʑʹ༹ग़͠ɼ౔৕߭෺ͱ൓Ԡ͢Δ͜ͱ΋ߟྀ͢Δ
ඞཁ͕͋Δɽ

Adachi et al.ʢ2013ʣ͸ɼ3 ݄ 20 ∼ 21 ೔ʹ࠾औͨ߱͠
Լ෺தʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼਫ༹ੑͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͕ओମͰ͋ͬͨ
ͱใࠂ͍ͯ͠Δɽ߱Լ෺தͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷαΠζ෼෍ེ͕ࢎΤΞϩκϧͷαΠζ෼෍ͱҰக͢Δ͜ͱ͔Βɼࣄ‫ނ‬༝དྷͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͸ེࢎΤΞϩκϧͰ߱Լͨ͜͠ͱΛࣔ
ͨ͠ Kaneyasu et al.ʢ2012ʣͷ݁ՌͱҰக͢Δɽ์ࣹੑCs ͷ߱Լ͕ऩ·͔ͬͯΒ΋೶࡞෺͔Β‫ٵࠜܦ‬ऩ༝དྷͷ
์ࣹੑ Cs ͕‫ݕ‬ग़͞ΕΔ͜ͱɼਣࢎΞϯϞχ΢Ϝநग़ʹ

Comans, R.N.J., Haller, M. and Depreter, P. (1991): Sorption ofcesium on illite — Nonequilibrium behavior and reversibility.
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55: 433–440.
Comans, R.N.J., Middelburg, J.J., Zonderhuis, J., Woittiez,
J.R.W., Lange, G.J.D., Das, H.A. and Weijden, C.H.V.D.
(1989): Mobilization of radiocaesium in pore water of lake
sediments. Nature, 339: 367–369.
Cremers, A., Elsen, A., Depreter, P. and Maes, A. (1988):
Quantitative-analysis of radiocesium retention in soils. Nature,
335: 247–249.

γϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूɹղઆɿ౔৕΁ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ٵ‬ணϝΧχζϜ

19

Degryse, F., Smolders, E. and Cremers, A. (2004): Enhanced

Komamura, M., Tsumura,,A., Yamaguchi, N., Kihou, N. and Ko-

sorption and ﬁxation of radiocaesium in soils amended withdaira, K. (2005) Monitoring 90 Sr and 137 Cs in rice, wheat,

K-bentonites, submitted to wetting-drying cycles. Eur. J. Soiland soil in Japan from 1959-2000. Mis. Publ. Natl. Inst. Agr-

Sci., 55: 513–522.

Environ. Sci., 28: 1–56.

Delvaux, B, Kruyts, N and Cremers, A. (2000): Rhizospheric

Koning, A. and Comans, R.N.J. (2004): Reversibility of radio-

mobilization of radiocesium in soils. Environ. Sci. Technol.

caesium sorption on illite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68:

34: 1489–1493.

2815–2823.

Dumat, C., Quiquampoix, H. and Staunton, S. (2000): Adsorption

Koning, A., Konoplev, A.V. and Comans, R.N.J. (2007): Measur-of cesium by synthetic clay-organic matter complexes: Effecting the speciﬁc caesium sorption capacity of soils, sedimentsof the nature of organic polymers. Environ. Sci. Technol., 34:

and clay minerals. Appl. Geochem. 22: 219–229.

2985–2989.
Dumat, C. and Staunton, S. (1999): Reduced adsorption of caesium on clay minerals caused by various humic substances. J.
Environ. Radioact., 46: 187–200.

Kruyts, N. and Delvaux, B. (2002): Soil organic horizons as a major source for radiocesium biorecycling in forest ecosystems.
J. Environ. Radioact., 58: 175–190.
Lofts, S., Tipping, E.W., Sanchez, A..L. and Dodd, B.A. (2002):

Evans, D.W., Alberts, J.J. and Clark, R.A. (1983): Reversible ion-

Modelling the role of humic acid in radiocaesium distribution

exchange ﬁxation of Cesium-137 leading to mobilization fromin a British upland peat soil. J. Environ. Radioact., 61: 133–

reservoir sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 47: 1041–
1049.
Gast, R.G. (1972): Alkali-metal cation-exchange on Chambers
montmorillonite. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 36: 14–19.
Goto, M., Rosson, R., Wampler, J.M., Elliott, W.C., Serkiz, S.

147.
Maes, E., Iserentant, A., Herbauts, J. and Delvaux, B. (1999a):
Inﬂuence of the nature of clay minerals on the ﬁxation of radiocaesium traces in an acid brown earth-podzol weathering
sequence. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 50: 117–125.

and Kahn, B. (2008): Freundlich and dual Langmuir isotherm

Maes, E., Vielvoye, L., Stone, W. and Delvaux, B. (1999b): Fixa-

models for predicting Cs-137 binding on Savannah River Sitetion of radiocaesium traces in a weathering sequence mica →soils. Health Phys., 94: 18–32.

vermiculite → hydroxy interlayered vermiculite. Eur. J. Soil

Guivarch, A., Hinsinger, P. and Staunton, S. (1999): Root uptake

Sci., 50: 107–115.

and distribution of radiocaesium from contaminated soils and

McKinley, J.P., Zachara, J.M., Heald, S.M., Dohnalkova, A.,

the enhancement of Cs adsorption in the rhizosphere. Plant

Newville, M.G. and Sutton, S.R. (2004): Microscale distribu-

and Soil, 211: 131–138.

tion of cesium sorbed to biotite and muscovite. Environ. Sci.

Harsh, J., Chonover, J. and Nizeyimana, E. (2002): Soil mineralogy with environmental application. SSSA Book Series No. 7,

Technol. 38: 1017–1023.
Mon, J., Deng, Y.J., Flury, M. and Harsh, J.B. (2005): Cesium

pp. 291–322, Soil Science Society of America, Madison.

incorporation and diffusion in cancrinite, sodalite, zeolite, and

IAEA. Handbook of Parameter Values for the Prediction of Ra-

allophane. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 86: 277–

dionuclide Transfer in Terrestrial and Freshwater Environments. Technical Reports Series, 472, 2010: 1–194.

286.
Nakao, A., Funakawa, S. and Koasaki, T. (2009): Hydroxy-ҏ౻७༤, ߴ‫ڮ‬ɹໜ, Ճ౻௚ਓ, ᔹࢁ཯ࢠ, ߐ‫ޱ‬఩໵, ࢁ‫ࢠلޱ‬, ౻

Al polymers block the frayed edge sites of illic minerals in‫ݪ‬ӳ࢘ (2013): ౔৕΍২෺ද໘ʹଘࡏ͢Δ์ࣹੑཻࢠͷಛੑacidic soils: studies in southwestern Japan at arous weather-ͱ੒Ҽ. Proceedings of the 14th Workshop on Environmental

Radioactivity, 271–277.

ing stages. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 60: 127–138.
Nakao, A., Thiry, Y., Funakawa, S. and Kosaki, T. (2008): Charac-

Joussein, E., Kruyts, N., Righi, D., Petit, S. and Delvaux, B.

terization of the frayed edge site of micaceous minerals in soil

(2004): Speciﬁc retention of radiocesium in volcanic ash soils

clays inﬂuenced by different pedogenetic conditions in Japandevoid of micaceous clay minerals. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 68:
313–319.

and northern Thailand. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 54: 479–489.
Nakao, A., Ogasawara, S., Sano, O., Ito, T. and Yanai, J. (2014):

Kamei-Ishikawa, N., Uchida, S. and Tagami, K. (2008): Distri-Radiocesium sorption in relation to clay mineralogy of paddy

bution coefﬁcients for 85 Sr and 137 Cs in Japanese agriculturalsoils in Fukushima, Japan. Sci. Total Environ., 468–469, 523–

soils and their correlations with soil properties. J. Radioanal529.

Nucl. Chem., 277: 433–439.

தඌɹ३, ෢ాɹߊ, ௩ా঵จ, स઒৾໵, খ࡚ɹོ (2011) ΧϦ

Kaneyasu, N., Ohashi, H., Suzuki, F., Okuda, T. and Ikemori, F.

΢Ϝ๞࿨ · ‫ॲ࣪ס‬ཧʹΑΔεϝΫλΠτ࣭౔৕ͷηγ΢Ϝอ(2012): Sulfate Aerosol as a Potential Transport Medium of࣋ೳͷ޲্ͱͦͷ࣋ଓੑ — εϝΫλΠτ࣭౔৕ͱΞϩϑΣRadiocesium from the Fukushima Nuclear Accident. Environ.
Sci. Technol. 46: 5720–5726.

ϯ࣭౔৕ͷൺֱ —-. ೔ຊ౔৕ංྉֶࡶࢽ, 82: 290–297.
೶ྛਫ࢈ল (2013): ΄৔‫ʹڥ؀‬Ԡͨ͡೶࡞෺΁ͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭Ҡ

Koarashi, J., Atarashi-Andoh, M., Matsunaga, T., Sato, T., Nagao,ߦ௿‫ݮ‬ରࡦཱ֬ͷͨΊͷ‫ٸۓ‬ௐࠪ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ੒Ռʹ͍ͭͯ. ɹ

S. and Nagai, H. (2012): Factors affecting vertical distribution

http://www.s.affrc.go.jp/docs/press/130709.htm (2014 ೥ 2 ݄of Fukushima accident-derived radiocesium in soil under dif-10 ೔).

ferent land-use conditions. Sci. Total Environ. 431: 392–401.

20౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)

Ogasawara, S., Nakao, A. and Yanai, J. (2013): Radiocesium

Takata, Y., Kohyama, K., Obara, H., Maejima, Y., Ishitsuka, N.,interception potential (RIP) of smectite and kaolin reference

Saito, T. and Taniyama, I.ʢ2014ʣ: Spatial prediction of ra-

minerals containing illite (micaceous mineral) as impurity.

dioactive Cs concentration in agricultural soil in eastern Japan.

Soil Science Plant Nutr., 59: 852–857.
Parekh, N.R., Poskitt, J.M., Dodd, B.A., Potter, E.D. and Sanchez,

Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., doi 10.1080/00380768.2013.879528
Takeda, A., Tsukada, H., Nakao, A., Takaku, Y. and Hisamatsu,

A. (2008): Soil microorganisms determine the sorption of ra-

S. (2013): Time-dependent changes of phytoavailability of Cs

dionuclides within organic soil systems. J. Environ. Radioact.,

added to allophanic Andosols in laboratory cultivations and99: 841–852.

extraction tests. J. Environ. Radioact. 122: 29–36.

Pignatello, J. J. and Xing, B. (1995): Mechanisms of slow sorption

Takenaka, C., Onda, Y. and Hamajima, Y. (1998): Distributionof organic chemicals to natural particles. Environ. Sci. Tech-of cesium-137 in Japanese forest soils: Correlation with thenol., 30: 1–11.

contents of organic carbon. Sci. Total Environ., 222: 193–199.

Rigol, A., Vidal, M. and Rauret, G. (1999): Effect of the ionicstatus and drying on radiocesium adsorption and desorption inorganic soils. Environ. Sci. Technol., 33: 3788–3794.

ఱਖ਼ਗ਼, ༿Մᯜ, ࡾҪਐ‫( ޕ‬1961): ਫҴʹΑΔಛҟతηγ΢Ϝ‫ٵ‬ऩͷ‫ߏػ‬. ೔ຊ౔৕ංྉֶࡶࢽ, 32: 139–144.

Tsukada, H., Takeda, A., Hisamatsu, S. and Inaba, J. (2008): Con-

Rigol, A., Vidal, M. and Rauret, G. (2002): An overview of thecentration and speciﬁc activity of fallout 137 Cs in extracted

effect of organic matter on soil-radiocaesium interaction: im-and particle-size fractions of cultivated soils. J. Environ. Ra-

plications in root uptake. J. Environ. Radioact., 58: 191–216.

dioact., 99: 875–881.

Sanchez, A.L., Smolders, E., Van den Brande, K., Merckx, R.,

Vandebroek, L., Van Hees, M., Delvaux, B., Spaargaren, O. andWright, S.M. and Naylor, C. (2002): Predictions of in situ

Thiry, Y. (2012): Relevance of Radiocaesium Interception Po-

solid/liquid distribution of radiocaesium in soils. J. Environ.

tential (RIP) on a worldwide scale to assess soil vulnerability

Radioact., 63: 35–47.

to 137 Cs contamination. J. Environ. Radioact., 104: 87–93.

Sawhney, B.L. (1972): Selective sorption and ﬁxation of cations

Vandenhove, H., Cremers, A., Smolders, E. and Van Hees, M.

by clay-minerals: a review. Clays Clay Miner, 20: 93–100.

(2005): Effect of K and bentonite additions on Cs-transfer toSmith, J.T. and Comans, R.N.J. (1996): Modelling the diffu-

ryegrass. J. Environ. Radioact., 81: 233–253.

sive transport and remobilisation of Cs-137 in sediments: The

Waegeneers, N., Smolders, E. and Merckx, R. (1999): A statisticaleffects of sorption kinetics and reversibility. Geochimi. Cos-

approach for estimating the radiocesium interception potential

mochim. Acta, 60: 995–1004.
Sparks, D.L. (2003): Environmental soil chemistry. pp.207–210,
Academic Press, San Diego.
Spezzano, P. (2005): Distribution of pre- and post-Chernobyl radiocaesium with particle size fractions of soils. J. Environ. Radioact. 83: 117–127.

of soils. J. Environ. Qual., 28: 1005–1011.
Wampler, J.M., Krogstad, E.J., Elliott, W.C., Kahn, B. and Kaplan, D.I. (2012): Long-term selective retention of natural Cs
and Rb by highly weathered coastal plain soils. Environ Sci
Technol 46: 3837-3843.
Wauters, J., Vidal, M., Elsen, A. and Cremers, A. (1996): Predic-

Staunton, S. (1994): Adsorption of radiocesium on various

tion of solid/liquid distribution coefﬁcients of radiocaesium insoils — Interpretation and consequences of the effect of soil-

soils and sediments .2. A new procedure for solid phase speci-

solution ratio and solution composition on the distribution coefﬁcient. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 45: 409–418.
Staunton, S. and Levacic, P. (1999): Cs adsorption on the claysized fraction of various soils: effect of organic matter destruction and charge compensating cation. J. Environ. Radioact.,
45: 161–172.
Staunton, S. and Roubaud, M. (1997): Adsorption of Cs-137
on montmorillonite and illite: Effect of charge compensating
cation, ionic strength, concentration of Cs, K and fulvic acid.
Clays Clay Miner, 45: 251–260.
Staunton. S,, Dumat, C. and Zsolnay, A. (2002): Possible role oforganic matter in radiocaesium adsorption in soils. J. Environ.
Radioact., 58: 163–173.

ation of radiocaesium. Appl. Geochem., 11: 595–599.
Wauters, J., Sweeck, L., Valcke, E., Elsen, A. and Cremers, A.
(1994): Availability of radiocesium in soils — A new methodology. Sci. Total Environ., 157: 239–248.
Zachara, J.M., Smith, S.C., Liu, C.X., McKinley, J.P., Serne, R.J.
and Gassman, P.L. (2002): Sorption of Cs+ to micaceous subsurface sediments from the Hanford site, USA. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66: 193–211.
Zachara, J.M., Smith, S.C., Liu, C.X., McKinley, J.P., Serne, R.J.
and Gassman, P.L. (2002): Sorption of Cs+ to micaceous subsurface sediments from the Hanford site, USA. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66: 193–211.
Zhong, W.L., Rosen, K. and Martensson, A. (2007): Effects of

Stepina, I.A. and Popov, V.E. (2013): Inﬂuence of calcium ion

ageing and microbial component on chemical availability ofconcentration on the selective sorption of 137 Cs with illite. Ra-

137 Cs in a long-term experimental site. Environ. Monit. As-

diochem., 55: 492–496.

sess., 129: 309–314.

γϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूɹղઆɿ౔৕΁ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ٵ‬ணϝΧχζϜ

ཁࢫ౔৕ʹ௜ணͨ͠์ࣹੑ Cs+ ͸Ӣ฼ྨͷ࣋ͭ Cs+ ߴબ୒ੑͷෛిՙͰ͋ΔϑϨΠυ · Τοδ · αΠτʹ‫ݻ‬ఆ͞ΕΔɽҰํɼ౔৕தʹ͸์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ݻ‬ఆʹे෼ͳྔͷϑϨΠυ · Τοδ · αΠτ͕ଘࡏ͢Δʹ΋͔͔ΘΒͣɼҰ෦ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͸‫ݻ‬ఆ͞Εͣɼ2 : 1 ‫ܕ‬૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺ͷ૚ؒʹଘࡏ͢ΔΠΦϯަ‫׵‬αΠτʹަ‫׵‬ଶͱͯ͠ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δɽ౔৕தͰ์ࣹੑ Cs ͕‫ݻ‬ఆଶͱͯ͠ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔ɼަ‫׵‬ଶͱͯ͠ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔ΛධՁ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ɼ౔৕தͰͷಈଶ΍২෺ҠߦΛߟྀ͢ΔͨΊʹॏཁͰ͋Δɽຊ૯આͰ
͸ɼ౔৕தͰͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ಈଶϞσϧ΍২෺ҠߦϞσϧΛ։ൃ · ਫ਼៛Խ͢ΔͨΊʹඞཁͳ஌‫ͯ͠ͱݟ‬ɼ
์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ٵ‬ண · ‫ݻ‬ఆϝΧχζϜɼ౔৕͕์ࣹੑ Cs Λัଊ͢Δϙςϯγϟϧʢ์ࣹੑ Cs ัଊϙςϯ
γϟϧɼRIPʣͷධՁ๏ɼ༗‫ػ‬෺΍൓Ԡ࣌ؒͳͲ‫ݻ‬ఆ൓ԠʹӨ‫ڹ‬Λ͓Α΅͢Ҽࢠʹ͍ͭͯղઆͨ͠ɽ
ΩʔϫʔυɿϑϨΠυ · Τοδ · αΠτɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ัଊϙςϯγϟϧʢRIPʣ

21

多機能マルチレンジデータロガー ＦＴシリーズ
ＦＴシリーズは、各チャネルに２
２４ビットΔΣ (デルタシグマ)型Ａ／Ｄコンバータを採用し、全チャネル同時サンプリングによる高精度測定を実現したデータロガーです。
各チャネルは、設定によりアナログ／パルス／接点などに切り替えて使用でき、各各種センサを
変換器なしにダイレクトに接続できます。
接続可能なセンサは、温度(Pt100／Ｔ型熱電対／Ｋ型熱電対／サーミスタ)、湿度、日射、日照、
アルベド、放射収支、気圧、風向風速、雨量、土壌水分、土壌酸素、ＥＣ、ｐＨ、ＰＦ、水位、ひずみなど様々です。

■ＦＴ２(エフティーツー)■ＦＴＪｒ(エフティージュニア)

標準で８チャネル、最大６４チャネルまで増設可能 チャネル数を１チャネルまたは２チャネルとして、な多チャネルデータロガーです。

低価格を実現したデータロガーです。

設定により、全てのチャネルをアナログ／パルス／ １チャネルタイプは、チャネル増設ユニットにより接点などの区別なく利用できるため、全てのチャネ ２チャネルタイプへ拡張できます。
ルをパルス信号や接点信号の入力チャネルとして 標準タイプ以外に、熱電対対応タイプ、制御出力機
使用することもできます。

能付きタイプなどをラインアップしています。

≪ＦＴシリーズ共通の主な特徴≫
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ

瞬時値以外に、インターバル間の最大値、最小値、平均値などの統計値を記録
平均風速、平均風向、最大瞬間風速、起時など風向風速測定に関わる演算機能を装備
ひずみセンサ（４ゲージ式、３５０Ωまたは１２０Ω）に対応
電圧測定において、０．１μＶの分解能を実現（電圧±７．５ｍＶレンジ時）
物理量への換算を目的とした多項式を含む演算式設定機能あり
プレヒート機能を備えたセンサ電源供給機能装備
内蔵メモリへの保存データ数１２５，０００回（保存データ数はチャネル数に影響されない）
測定データ回収用としてＵＳＢメモリに対応（ＵＳＢメモリは記録メモリとしても利用可能）
回収データはＣＳＶ形式ファイルのため、市販表計算ソフトで直接読み込み可能
単三乾電池４本、ＡＣアダプタ、ＵＳＢ給電、外部電源（ＤＣ８〜１８Ｖ）に対応
オプションの通信コンバータを利用することで、ネットワークへの接続も可能

詳しくは当社ホームページでご覧ください。

ＭＣＳ 札幌で 検索〒060‑0063 札幌市中央区南３条西８丁目７番地４ 遠藤ビル５F
TEL011‑596‑0201
FA X 011‑596‑0234 
E‑m ailinfo@ m cs‑fs.com URL http://w w w .m cs‑fs.com

シンポジウム特集

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.

ゎࠉㄝ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

LecturesNo. 126, p.23 ∼ 30 (2014)์ࣹੑ෺࣭Ԛછ೶஍ͷޮ཰తͳද౔ണ͗औΓ޻๏ͷ։ൃएਿߊհ 1 · ‫ޱݪ‬ெ࿕ 1

Efﬁcient radioactive decontamination methods for removal of surface soils in farmlands
Kousuke WAKASUGI1 and Noburo HARAGUCHI1

1. ͸͡Ίʹ

͢Δ͜ͱͰɼ໘తͳࢪ޻؅ཧΛՄೳͱ͠ɼߴਫ਼౓ͷআછޮՌ͕͋Δ͜ͱʹେ͖ͳಛ௃͕͋ΔʢएਿΒ, 2013aʣɽ౦‫ྗిژ‬෱ౡୈ 1 ‫ൃݪ‬ͷࣄ‫ͱʹނ‬΋ͳ͍ɼ޿ൣғʹΘ

2.1 Ұൠతͳࢪ޻؅ཧํ๏

ͨΔ஍Ҭ͕์ࣹੑ෺࣭ʹΑΓԚછ͞ΕͨͨΊɼ౔৕தͷࠃ΍ࢢொଜ͕ߦ͏೶஍ͷআછࣄ‫Ͱۀ‬͸ɼߴೱ౓ʹԚછ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ೱ౓ͷߴ͍೶஍Ͱ͸࡞෇੍͚‫͕͞ݶ‬Εͨɽͦ͞Εͨ஍ද͔Β֓Ͷ 5 cm ͷද૚౔Λണ͗औΔ͜ͱͱ͠ɼ

ΕΒͷ೶஍Ͱ͸์ࣹੑ෺࣭͸ද૚ 2 ∼ 3 cm ʹूੵ͓ͯ͠Γɼ͜ͷ౔৕૚ͷબ୒తͳআ‫ڈ‬ʢണ͗औΓʣ͸࣮֬ͳࢪ޻ਫ਼౓͸ ± 10 mm Λ‫ج‬४ͱ͍ͯ͠Δɽࢪ޻؅ཧํ๏
͸ 10 a ʹ 1 ஍఺ʢ1,000 m2 Ͱ 1 ஍఺ʣʹ‫ج‬४఺ͱͳΔ

আછޮՌ͕ಘΒΕΔʢ೶ྛਫ࢈ল, 2013ʣɽҰํͰ‫ݐ‬ઃ‫ػ‬‫؍‬ଌߌΛઃ͚ɼࢪ޻લ‫ޙ‬ͷ‫ج‬४఺ͱ஍ද໘ͷߴ͞‫ܭ‬ଌʹցʹΑΔैલͷૢ࡞ɼ‫ͼٴ‬Ұൠతͳࢪ޻؅ཧͷԼͰ͸ɼΑͬͯണ͗औΓް͞Λ֬ೝ͍ͯ͠Δʢ‫ڥ؀‬ল෱ౡ࠶ੜࣄ

ണ͗औΓް͞ͷ੍‫ޚ‬͸ࠔ೉Ͱ͋Γɼഉ౔ྔͷ૿Ճ΍ࢪ޻຿ॴ, 2013ʣɽҰํͰɼ΄৔੔උࣄ‫ʹͲͳۀ‬ΑΔҰൠతͳඅͷ૿େɼऔΓ࢒͠ͷൃੜͳͲɼଟ͘ͷ໰୊͕‫ݒ‬೦͞Ε੔஍޻Ͱ͸ࢪ޻ਫ਼౓ ± 35 mm ͕‫ج‬४ͱͯ͠༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯͯΔɽͦ͜Ͱɼߴ͍ਫ਼౓ͰͷআછΛՄೳͱ͢Δࢪ޻؅͓Γɼ΄৔಺Λ 10 m ϝογϡʢ100 m2 Ͱ 1 ஍఺ʣͰଌ

ཧٕज़΍ണ͗औΓް͞Λ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ͷूੵ͍ͯ͠Δද૚ྔΛߦ͏ࢪ޻؅ཧํ๏͕༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ·ͨɼۭؒઢ

2 ∼ 3 cm ఔ౓ʹ੍‫͠ޚ‬ɼ͔ͭ҆શ · ࣮֬ʹണ͗औΔ޻ྔʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼࢪ޻લ‫ޙ‬ͷଌఆΛ 10 ∼ 30 m ϝογϡͰ๏ɼ‫ͼٴ‬ണ͗औͬͨ౔৕Λޮ཰తʹճऩ͢Δ૷ஔΛ։ൃͨ͠ʢ೶‫ߏػݚ‬೶ଜ޻ֶ‫ॴڀݚ‬, 2013ʣɽ͞Βʹɼ෱ౡ‫ݝ‬൧‫ؘ‬ଜ΍઒ມொͳͲͷࢁؒ෦ͷଟ͘͸ౙ‫ظ‬ʢ12 ݄Լ० ∼஍ද͔Βͷߴ͞ 1 cm ͱ 1 m Ͱଌఆ͢Δ͜ͱʹͳ͓ͬͯΓɼআછࣄ‫Ͱۀ‬͸ 30 m ϝογϡͰ࣮ࢪ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢ‫؀‬‫ڥ‬ল, 2013ʣɽਫా͸ೈऑͳ஍൫͕ଟ͘ɼబͳͲʹΑΔෆ

3 ݄·Ͱʣͷ‫ؾ‬Թ͕ණ఺ԼʹͳΔͨΊɼް͍ౚ౔૚͕‫ܗ‬཮͕ൃੜ͠΍͍ͨ͢Ίɼ਺ΧॴͷଌྔʹΑΔࢪ޻؅ཧͰ

੒͞ΕΔɽͦͷͨΊɼ͜ͷ‫ؒظ‬ͷද౔ണ͗औΓ͕ࠔ೉ʹ͸΄৔શ໘ʹ͓͍ͯɼണ͗औΓ͕໨ඪͷް͞Ͱ࣮ࢪ͞Ε

ͳΔ͜ͱ͔Βɼౙ‫͚͓ʹظ‬Δද౔ണ͗औΓ޻๏Λ։ൃͨ͠ͷ͔֬ೝ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɽ͞ΒʹɼऔΓ࢒͠΍औͨɽຊߘͰ͸ɼฏ੒ 25 ೥͔Β‫ڥ؀‬ল΍෱ౡ‫಺ݝ‬ͷ஍ํΓ͜΅͕͠ൃੜͨ͠৔߹ɼۭؒઢྔͷଌఆͰ͸ͦΕΛ࣏֬ࣗମʹΑΓຊ֨తʹ࣮ࢪ͞Ε͍ͯΔ೶஍ͷআછࣄ‫ۀ‬ͷೝ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɽ

‫ݱ‬ঢ়Λ౿·͑ͳ͕Βɼ৽޻๏ͷ֓ཁͱޮՌʹ͍ͭͯղઆ

2.2 ‫ݻ‬Խࡎͷࢄ෍ํ๏͢ΔɽҰൠతʹ౔৕Λ‫ݻ‬Խ͢Δʹ͸‫ݻ‬Խࡎͱ౔৕ͱ᎟፩ͯ͠

2. ‫ݻ‬Խࡎࢄ෍ʹΑΔࢪ޻؅ཧٕज़

సѹ͢Δ͕ɼԚછ͞Εͨ࠷ද૚ͷ౔৕͸ 5 ∼ 10 cm ͷ᎟ද౔ͷണ͗औΓʹΑΔআછͷର৅ͱͳΔ೶஍͸ߴ͍ೱ౓ͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭Λ‫ؚ‬ΜͰ͍ΔͨΊɼऔΓ࢒͠΍औΓ͜΅͕͠‫͜ى‬Δͱɼ೶࡞෺΁ͷ‫ٵ‬ऩϦεΫΛ࢒ͨ͠··Ӧ೶Λߦ͏͜ͱͱͳΔɽͦͷͨΊɼࢪ޻؅ཧΛ‫ͳ͍ߦʹີݫ‬͕Βআછ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱɼຊٕज़Ͱ͸ന৭‫ܥ‬ͷ‫ݻ‬ԽࡎΛআ૲‫ࢄʹޙ‬෍ͯ͠ɼ࠷΋ߴ͍ೱ౓Ͱ์ࣹੑ෺࣭͕ଘࡏ͢Δද૚౔Λ‫ݻ‬Խ͠ɼണ͗औΓର৅౔৕ΛՄࢹԽ
1 Institute for Rural Engineering, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-6 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058609, Japan. Corresponding author: एਿߊհɼʢಠʣ೶‫ · ۀ‬৯඼࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़૯߹‫ߏػڀݚ‬೶ଜ޻ֶ‫ॴڀݚ‬2014 ೥ 1 ݄ 12 ೔डߘɹ 2014 ೥ 3 ݄ 5 ೔डཧ

Photo 1 ‫ݻ‬Խࡎͷࢄ෍ɽ
Spraying solidiﬁcation agent.

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)24

Photo 2 ണ͗औΓલ‫ޙ‬ͷঢ়‫گ‬ɽ
Soil surfaces before and after the surface layer stripping with a solidiﬁcation agent for decontamination.

Photo 3 ൖग़࣌ͷऔΓ͜΅͠ɽ
Remaining radioactive contaminated soils after the surface layer stripping for decontamination.

፩૚಺ʹ޿͕ΓɼԚછ౔৕૚Λਂͯ͘͠͠·͏ɽͦ͜Ͱɼ
‫ݻ‬ԽࡎͱਫΛࠞ߹ͨ͠εϥϦʔΛࢄ෍ͯ͠ද૚ͷ 2 ∼ 3

2.4 ‫ݻ‬Խࡎͷछྨ
ࢄ෍͢Δ‫ݻ‬Խࡎ͸࠷ऴతʹ͸ണ͗औΒΕΔ͕ɼ೶஍ʹcm ͷΈʹਁಁͤ͞Δ͜ͱͰɼԚછ౔৕Λണ͗औΓ΍ϑ

ࢄ෍͢ΔͨΊ೶࡞෺΍पล‫΁ڥ؀‬ͷӨ‫ྗۃ͕ڹ‬গͳ͍ࢿϨΩγϒϧίϯςφʔόοΫʢϑϨίϯόοΫʣ΁ͷ٧ࡐ͕޷·͍͠ɽҎԼʹ୅දతͳࢿࡐΛࣔ͢ɽ·ͨɼࢿࡐΊࠐΈ࡞‫ۀ‬ͷࢧো͕Ͱͳ͍‫ݻͰ౓ڧ‬Խͤ͞ΔʢPhoto 1ʣɽ͸೶஍ͷঢ়‫گ‬΍ίετͳͲʹԠͯ͡બ୒͢Δɽ‫ݻ‬Խࡎͷ഑߹ྔͱ‫ݻ‬ӷൺʢਫͷׂ߹ʣ͸ࢿࡐͷछྨ΍౔

2.4.1 ϚάωγΞ‫ݻܥ‬Խࡎ৕ঢ়ଶʹΑͬͯมԽ͢ΔͨΊɼ஍ද໘શମʹϜϥͳ͘ਧϚάωγΞ‫ݻܥ‬Խࡎ͸ࢎԽϚάωγ΢ϜΛओ੒෼ͱ͖෇͚ΒΕΔ͜ͱɽ·ͨɼա৒ͳਫ෼ʹΑͬͯࢿࡐ͕ਁ

͠ɼϚάωγΞΛ‫ݻ‬Խͤ͞Δ൓Ԡੑ෺࣭ͱͯ͠έΠࢎΧಁ͠ͳ͍͜ͱ͕ͳ͍Α͏ʹɼ༧Ί࠷దͳ഑߹Λௐ੔͢Δ

ϧγ΢ϜɼԘ‫ج‬ੑ୸ࢎΧϧγ΢Ϝɼ୸ࢎϚάωγ΢Ϝͳ

ඞཁ͕͋Δɽͳ͓ɼεϥϦʔͷࢄ෍͸ 30 a ͷඪ४۠ըʹ੔උ͞Εͨਫా΍ 1 a ۠ըఔ౓Ͱେ‫͕྆ंܕ‬ਐೖͰ͖ͳ
͍ਫా͕ଘࡏ͢ΔͨΊɼ۠ըʹԠͯ͡ਧ͖෇͚‫ػ‬΍ಈྗ෾ໄ‫Ͳͳث‬ɼ࢖༻͢Δ‫ػ‬ցΛબ୒͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ

2.3 ‫ݻ‬Խࡎࢄ෍ʹΑΔࢪ޻؅ཧͷޮՌਫాͷ஍ද໘͸ತԜ͕ଟ͘ɼണ͗औΓް͞Λ੍‫ͯ͠ޚ‬΋औΓ࢒͕͠ൃੜ͠΍͍͢ɽຊٕज़͸ന৭ͷ‫ݻ‬ԽࡎΛࢄ෍͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼണ͗औΓ‫ޙ‬ͷऔΓ࢒͕͠໨ࢹͰ༰
қʹ֬ೝ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔϚʔΧʔ‫ػ‬ೳΛ༗͢ΔʢPhoto2ʣɽ·ͨɼԚછ౔৕ͷൖग़࣌ʹ‫͜ى‬Γ΍͍͢औΓ͜΅͠΋֬ೝͰ͖ΔτϨʔαʔ‫ػ‬ೳΛ༗͠ɼߴ͍ਫ਼౓ͷআછ͕ՄೳͱͳΔʢPhoto 3ʣɽ͞Βʹɼද૚౔৕͕‫ס‬૩ͨ͠ാ஍
Ͱ͸Ԛછ౔৕ͷคਖ‫্͖͛ר‬΋‫͜ى‬Γʹ͍͘͜ͱ͔Βɼࢪ޻࣌ͷ҆શੑ͕޲্͢Δɽ

Photo 4 ‫ݻ݁ٸ‬Խࡎͷ‫ݻ‬Խঢ়‫گ‬ɽ
Quick hardening of the drying soil surface.

γϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूɹղઆɿ์ࣹੑ෺࣭Ԛછ೶஍ͷޮ཰తͳද౔ണ͗औΓ޻๏ͷ։ൃ

25

Photo 5 ਫཷ·ΓͰͷ‫ݻ‬Խঢ়‫گ‬ɽ
Quick hardening of the soil surface with pounded water.

ͲΛ഑߹ͨ͠ࢿࡐͰ͋Δ. ηϝϯτ‫ݻܥ‬Խࡎͱ͸ҟͳΓγϣϕϧ౳ͷ‫ݐ‬ઃ‫ػ‬ցͷ࢖༻͕ෆՄܽͱͳΔɽҰํͰࠃ

pH 9 ∼ 11 ͷதੑҬ͔ΒऑΞϧΧϦੑҬͰ‫ݻ‬Խ͠ɼ࿡Ձ

΍ࢢொଜ͕ߦ͏আછࣄ‫Ͱۀ‬͸ɼද౔ͷണ͗औΓް͞ͷࢪΫϩϜͳͲ‫ʹڥ؀‬ෛՙΛ༩͑Δ੒෼Λ‫͍ͳ·ؚ‬ɽ·ͨɼ޻؅ཧ‫ج‬४͸ ±10 mm Λ‫֨ن‬஋ͱ͓ͯ͠ΓɼҰൠతͳ‫ݐ‬ࢄ෍͔Β‫ݻ‬Խͷ։࢝·Ͱ 6 ࣌ؒఔ౓͋ΔͨΊɼ؆қϓϥઃ‫ػ‬ցͷૢ࡞Ͱ͸ͦͷਫ਼౓Ͱ࡞‫͢ۀ‬Δ͜ͱ͸‫ۃ‬Ίͯ೉͠ϯτʹΑΔࢿࡐͷ࿅ΓࠐΈ͕ՄೳͱͳΔ͕ɼണ͗औΓ͕͍ɽͦͷͨΊɼ‫ݻ‬Խࡎࢄ෍ʹΑΔࢪ޻؅ཧٕज़ʹՃ͑ͯɼ

Ͱ͖Δे෼ͳ‫౓ڧ‬ͷൃ‫ Ͱ·ݱ‬1 िؒఔ౓ཁ͢Δɽް͞Λߴ͍ਫ਼౓Ͱ੍‫͕ͳ͠ޚ‬Βണ͗औΔ޻๏Λಋೖ͢Δ

2.4.2 ηϝϯτ‫ݻܥ‬ԽࡎࢎԽΧϧγ΢ϜΛओ੒෼ͱ͠ɼਫΛՃ͑Δ͜ͱͰਫ࿨

͜ͱͰɼΑΓআછࣄ‫ۀ‬ͷ৴པੑ͸ߴ·Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

3.1 Ұൠతͳണ͗औΓ޻๏൓ԠʹΑͬͯ‫ݻ‬Խ͢Δɽ‫ݻ‬Խ෺͸ pH 13 ఔ౓ͷߴΞϧΧআછࣄ‫Ͱۀ‬͸ɼ༉ѹγϣϕϧΛ༻͍ͯണ͗औΓ࡞‫ۀ‬ϦੑͱͳΓɼ࿡ՁΫϩϜͷ༹ग़ͱ͍ͬͨ໰୊͕͋Δ͜ͱ͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯΔɽҰൠతͳ༉ѹγϣϕϧͷૢ࡞ํ๏͸ɼ͔Βɼ೶஍΁ͷࢄ෍͸஫ҙΛཁ͢Δɽ·ͨɼ‫ݻ‬Խͷ൓ԠΞʔϜͷؔઅΛࢧ఺ʹৼΓࢠͷΑ͏ͳಈ͖ํͰ۷࡟͢

࣌ؒ͸֓ͶϚάωγΞ‫ݻܥ‬Խࡎͱಉ༷Ͱ͋Δɽ

2.4.3 ੴߣ‫ݻܥ‬ԽࡎΔɽ͜ͷૢ࡞Ͱ͸ɼ஍໘ʹରͯ͠ਫฏʹόέοτΛಈ͔͢͜ͱ͕೉͘͠ɼࢪ޻ਫ਼౓ ±10 mm Ͱͷണ͗औΓ͸ඇৗ

൒ੴߣ·ͨ͸ແਫੴߣ͸ਫͱ൓Ԡͯ͠ೋਫੴߣʹͳʹࠔ೉Ͱ͋ΔʢPhoto 6ʣɽΓɼͦͷ݁থ͕͔ΒΈ߹͏͜ͱͰ‫͢ݻڽ‬ΔɽpH ͸தੑ

3.2 ϫΠύʔ޻๏ͷ։ൃҬ͔ΒऑΞϧΧϦੑҬͰɼ‫ʹݻڽ‬ཁ͢Δ࣌ؒ΋ଞͷࢿࡐ

3.2.1 ૢ࡞ํ๏ΑΓૣ͍͕ɼ্‫ه‬ͷࢿࡐʹ͓͚Δ‫ݻ‬Խ൓Ԡͱ͸ҟͳΓɼ৽ͨʹɼ༉ѹγϣϕϧͷόέοτఈ໘Λ۷࡟໘ʹԡ͠ਫʹਁ͔Δͱ༹ग़͢Δܽ఺͕͋ΔɽͦͷͨΊɼ࣪५ͳঢ়

౰ͯɼટճ‫ػ‬ೳʹΑͬͯࠨӈʹεΠϯά͠ɼόέοτͷ

ଶͷ೶஍΍ࢄ෍‫߱ʹޙ‬Ӎ͕͋ͬͨ৔߹͸‫͍ͳ͠ݻڽ‬ɽ·ଆ໘Λ࢖ͬͯԣํ޲ʹണ͗औ͍ͬͯ͘޻๏ʢϫΠύʔ޻ͨɼࢿࡐʹེࢎԘΛ‫ؚ‬ΉͨΊɼ‫ؾݏ‬ੑͷ‫ڥ؀‬ԼͰེԽਫ

๏ʣΛ։ൃͨ͠ʢPhoto 7ʣʢएਿΒ, 2013cʣ
ɽͳ͓ɼണ͗

ૉΛൃੜ͢Δ‫ڪ‬Ε͕͋Γɼണ͗औͬͨ౔৕ͷอ؅ঢ়ଶʹऔΓ͸༉ѹγϣϕϧͷं྆෯෼ߦ͍ɼঃʑʹલํ΁Ҡಈࡉ৺ͷ஫ҙΛ෷͏ඞཁ͕͋Δʢ೶ྛਫ࢈ল, 2013ʣɽ

͠ͳ͕ΒɼԚછ౔৕Λ‫ے‬ঢ়ʹूΊΔɽ༉ѹγϣϕϧ͸ෳ

2.5 ‫ݻ݁ٸ‬Խࡎͷ։ൃ਺ؔઅͷΞʔϜΛ࣋ͭ͜ͱ͔Βɼ஍໘ʹԜತ͕͋ͬͯ΋্‫ه‬ͷ‫ݻ‬Խࡎ͸߱Ӎ΍࣪५ͳ΄৔Ͱ͸‫ݻ‬Խ൓Ԡ͕஗

ͦΕʹ߹Θͤͯߴ͞ͷௐઅ͕༰қʹͰ͖Δɽ͞ΒʹɼΦΕɼআછ޻ࣄͷਐ௙ʹӨ‫ڹ‬Λ༩͑Δ৔߹͕͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱɼ
͜ΕΒͷ໰୊ʹରॲ͢ΔͨΊɼ‫ݻ݁ٸ‬ԽࡎΛ։ൃͨ͠ʢएਿΒ, 2013bʣɽຊࢿࡐ͸ਫߗੑ෺࣭ʢߴ࿍εϥάค຤΍ηϝϯτʣʹ൓ԠଅਐࡎʢΧϧγ΢ϜΞϧϛωʔτʣɼ‫ूڽͼٴ‬ௐ੔ࡎΛ഑߹ͨ͠ࢿࡐͰ͋ΔɽpH ͸ 11 ఔ౓ͱऑΞϧΧϦੑ
Ͱɼ10 ඵఔ౓Ͱ‫ݻ‬Խ͕։࢝͠ɼཆੜ‫ؒظ‬͸ 1 ೔ఔ౓ͱ୹
͍ͷ͕ಛ௃Ͱ͋ΔʢPhoto 4ʣɽͦͷͨΊɼತԜͷ͋Δ஍
ද໘΍܏ࣼ஍ʹ͓͍ͯ΋‫ۉ‬Ұʹ‫ݻ‬Խ͢Δɽ͞Βʹɼຊࢿࡐ͸ਫΛऔΓࠐΈͳ͕Β‫ݻ‬Խ͢Δಛ௃͕͋Γɼ߱Ӎ΍࣪५ͳ΄৔৚͕݅‫ݻ‬Խ൓Ԡʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫ڹ‬͸খ͘͞ɼ‫ܭ‬ըతͳࣄ‫ۀ‬ͷਪਐ͕ՄೳʹͳΔʢPhoto 5ʣɽ

3. ༉ѹγϣϕϧΛ༻͍ͨണ͗औΓ޻๏ൃ޿ҬʹԚછ͞Εͨ೶஍Λਝ଎ʹআછ͢Δʹ͸ɼ༉ѹ

Photo 6 Ұൠతͳ༉ѹγϣϕϧͷૢ࡞ɽStandard bucket operation of a hydraulic excavator.

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)26⾲ᒙᅛ໬䛸䛾┦஌ຠᯝ

Photo 7 ϫΠύʔ޻๏ɽ
Lateral swinging bucket operation of a hydraulic excavator for the surface layer stripping.

Photo 8 όέοτͷΤοδ൘ɽ
An attachment board of a hydraulic excavator bucket to strip uniformly the surface layer.

ϖϨʔλʔ͸໨ࢹͰണ͗औΓް͞Λ֬ೝ͠ͳ͕Βટճૢ΍͍͢ɽ͞Βʹɼසൟͳӡ౔͸Ԛછ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍౔৕ͱ

࡞ͷΈΛ͢Ε͹Α͘ɼਝ଎͔ͭ༰қʹണ͗औΓ͕Մೳʹͷࠞ࿨Λট͖আછ཰Λ௿Լͤ͞ΔཁҼͱͳΔɽ

ͳΔɽͳ͓ɼද૚‫ݻ‬Խ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼണ͗औΓ࣌ʹԚછ౔৕͕ࡉ෼Խͯ͠Լ૚౔ʹࠞ͟ΔͷΛ๷͙ޮՌ΋͋
ΔʢPhoto 7ʣ.

4.2 ౔৕ճऩ‫ػ‬Ԛછ౔৕Λ࠷খ‫ݶ‬ͷӡ౔ͰϑϨίϯόοΫʹճऩ͢Δ
ͨΊɼ౔৕ճऩ‫ػ‬Λ։ൃͨ͠ɽ͜ΕʹΑΓɼണ͗औͬͨ

3.2.2 όέοτͷվྑ౔৕ͷऔΓ͜΅͠΍ճऩ࣌ͷ౔ྔͷ૿Ճ͕େ෯ʹ‫ݮ‬গണ͗औΓް͞ΛΑΓ࣮֬ʹ੍‫͢ޚ‬ΔͨΊɼόέοτ͢Δɽଆ໘ʹΤοδ൘ΛऔΓ෇͚ΔվྑΛߦͬͨʢPhoto 8ʣɽΤοδ൘ͷߴ͞Λണ͗औΓް͞ͱಉҰʹௐ੔͢Δ͜ͱ

4.2.1 εΫϦϡʔίϯϕΞࣜ౔৕ճऩ‫ػ‬ʢएਿΒ, 2011ʣͰɼόέοτΛ஍໘ʹஔ͘ͱઃఆͨ͠ਂ͞ʹ൘͕ೖΓࠐຊ‫ػ‬ମ͸༉ѹγϣϕϧΛϕʔεʹɼ౔৕Λճऩ͠ͳ͕

Ήɽ͜ͷঢ়ଶͰϫΠύʔ޻๏ʹΑΔટճૢ࡞Λߦ͑͹໨Βഁࡅͯ͠ूΊΔόέοτ෦ͱ‫ޙ‬എ෦ʹ౔৕ΛૹΓࠐΉඪͱ͢Δް͞Ͱ࣮֬ʹണ͗औΓ͕ߦ͑Δɽ

༌ૹ෦ɼ‫ͼٴ‬ϑϨίϯόοΫ༻Ξλονϝϯτ͕૷උ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢFig. 1ʣɽόέοτ͸લ໘ʹେ͖ͳ౔մɼࡶ૲

4. ౔৕ճऩ‫ػ‬ͷ։ൃͷ‫ג‬΍ࠜΛഁࡅ͢ΔͨΊͷϋϯϚʔφΠϑͱόέοτͷ
಺෦ʹೖͬͨ౔৕Λ༌ૹ෦ʹૹΓग़͢ԣ࣠ͷεΫϦϡʔ

4.1 Ұൠతͳണ͗औΓ౔ͷճऩํ๏ίϯϕΞ͕උΘ͍ͬͯΔɽ༌ૹ෦͸ॎεΫϦϡʔίϯϕണ͗औΒΕͨԚછ౔৕͸ɼ1 m3 ͷ଱ީੑϑϨΩγϒϧ
ίϯςφʔόοΫʢϑϨίϯόοΫʣʹ༉ѹγϣϕϧʹ
Αͬͯ٧Ίࠐ·Εɼॴఆͷ৔ॴͰอ؅͞ΕΔɽ༉ѹγϣϕϧͷόέοτͰ౔Λճऩ͢Δ৔߹ɼগྔͷ౔৕Ͱ͸όέοτʹೖΒͳ͍ͨΊɼ͋Δఔ౓ͷମੵͷ౔৕Λूੵ͔ͯ͠Βճऩͯ͠ϑϨίϯόοΫʹೖΕΔɽ೶޻‫಺ݚ‬ͷࢼ‫΄ݧ‬৔ʹ͓͍ͯɼ3 cm ͷް͞Ͱണ͗औͬͨ౔৕ΛϑϨίϯόοΫʹೖΕͯൖग़ͨ݁͠Ռɼճऩͨ͠౔ྔ͸ 1.6 ഒʹͳΓɼ5 cm ͷണ͗औΓް͞ͱಉ౳ͷ༰ੵʹͳ͍ͬͯͨ
ʢएਿ · ‫ޱݪ‬, 2012ʣɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹɼണ͗औͬͨ౔৕ΛूΊͳ͕ΒϑϨίϯόοΫʹೖΕΔ࡞‫ۀ‬Λ‫܁‬Γฦ͢ͱɼճ
ऩର৅Ҏ֎ͷ౔৕΋ճऩͯ͠͠·͍ഉ౔ྔͷ૿ՃΛট͖

Photo 9 εΩϚʔ޻๏ʹΑΔണ͗औΓɽ
Stripping the surface layer using the “Skimmer” method.

γϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूɹղઆɿ์ࣹੑ෺࣭Ԛછ೶஍ͷޮ཰తͳද౔ണ͗औΓ޻๏ͷ։ൃ

27

Fig. 1 εΫϦϡʔίϯϕΞࣜ౔৕ճऩ‫ػ‬ɽ
A hydraulic excavator equipped with screw and belt conveyors to store the stripped soil.

Fig. 2 εΩϚʔ޻๏ɽA hydraulic excavator specially designed for stripping and storing the surface layer soil called “Skimmer”.

Fig. 3 ౙ‫ظ‬ണ͗औΓ޻๏ͷ֓ཁɽ
A schematic procedure of stripping the frozen surface layer for decontamination in winter.

ΞͱϕϧτίϯϕΞʹΑͬͯߏ੒͞Ε͓ͯΓɼคਖ͕ൃ
ੜ͠ͳ͍Α͏ʹด࠯͞ΕɼϑϨίϯόοΫʹ౔৕͕ճऩ

͔Βɼલड़ͷ‫ݻ‬Խࡎࢄ෍ʹΑΔࢪ޻؅ཧΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔ͜ͱͰɼΑΓਫ਼౓ͷߴ͍আછ͕ՄೳͱͳΔɽͳ͓ɼऔΓ͞ΕΔ࢓༷ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ

࢒͠෦෼͸খ໘ੵͰ͋ΔͨΊɼਓྗͰ֬ೝ͠ͳ͕Βճऩ

4.2.2 ണ͗औΓ‫౔ͼٴ‬৕ճऩઐ༻‫ػ‬ʢεΩϚʔ޻๏ʣຊ‫ػ‬͸ද૚౔৕ 5 ∼ 100 mm ͷް͞Λޮ཰తʹണ͗
औΔ͜ͱΛ໨తʹ։ൃ͞Εͨઐ༻‫ػ‬ʢυοϓγϡλοτ͢Δɽ

5. ౙ‫͚͓ʹظ‬Δണ͗औΓ޻๏ͷ։ൃࣾ੡ʣͰ͋ΔʢFig. 2ʣɽ͜Ε͸Ԥभ౳Ͱͷড়ਫ৔ͷ؇଎࠭ᖤա஑ͷଯੵ࠭Λճऩ͢ΔͨΊʹ࢖༻͞Ε͖࣮ͯͨ์ࣹઢྔ͕ߴ͍෱ౡ‫ݝ‬൧‫ؘ‬ଜ΍઒ມொͳͲͷࢁؒ෦ͷ੷͕͋Γɼ࡞‫ۀ‬෦ઌ୺ʹണ͗औΓް͞؅ཧηϯαʔ͕ 2ଟ͘͸ౙ‫ظ‬ʢ12 ݄Լ० ∼ 3 ݄·Ͱʣͷ࠷௿‫ؾ‬Թ͕֓ͶΧॴʹ૷උ͞Εɼߴ͍ਫ਼౓Ͱ‫ۉ‬Ұʹണ͗औΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖

−5◦ C ҎԼʹͳΓɼද૚͔Βঃʑʹౚ౔͕‫ܗ‬੒͞ΕΔɽ

Δɽണ͗औΒΕͨ౔৕͸ϕϧτίϯϕΞʹΑͬͯϑϨί‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷߴ͍ౚ౔͸‫͘ߴ͕౓ڧ‬ɼ༉ѹγϣϕϧΛ༻͍ͯϯόοΫʹճऩ͞ΕΔɽຊ‫ػ‬͸ണ͗औΓް͞ͷਫ਼౓͕ߴ਺ηϯνͷද૚౔Λ࡟ΓऔΔͷ͸ࠔ೉ͳͨΊɼ͜ͷ‫ؒظ‬͘ɼണ͗औΓͱճऩ࡞‫ۀ‬Λಉ࣌ʹߦ͏͜ͱ΋ՄೳͰ࡞‫ۀ‬ʹআછࣄ‫଺͕ۀ‬ΔՄೳੑ͕ߴ͍ɽͦ͜Ͱɼౚ౔͕‫ܗ‬੒͞ͷਝ଎Խͱޮ཰Խ͕ਤΕΔʢPhoto 9ʣɽҰํͰɼηϯαʔΕΔౙ‫ظ‬ͷද౔ണ͗औΓ޻๏Λ։ൃͨ͠ʢएਿΒ, 2012ʣɽʹΑΔ؅ཧΛߦͬͯ΋શͯͷತԜʹ͸ରԠͰ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)28Մೳੑ͕͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱɼߞ‫ى‬ͷࡍʹ΄৔಺ʹൟໜ͢Δࡶ૲ͷࡋஅɼঅࠐΈͳͲʹΑͬͯ౔մߏ଄ͷҡ࣋ΛਤΔɽ

5.1.2 ണ͗औΓʢ౔৕ౚ݁‫ޙ‬ʣ౔৕ౚ݁‫ޙ‬ɼ‫ݐ‬ઃ‫ػ‬ց౳Λ༻͍ͯࣄલʹߞ‫ͨ͠ى‬૚Λണ͗औΔɽߞ‫ى‬૚ҎԼ͸൘ঢ়ͷ‫ͳݻڧ‬ౚ౔૚ʹͳ͓ͬͯΓɼണ͗औΔ‫ػ‬ցͷόέοτ΍ϒϨʔυ͕ਂ͘ೖΓࠐΉ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍ͨΊɼϫΠύʔ޻๏ͷΑ͏ͳಛघͳૢ࡞Λඞཁͱ͠ͳ͍ɽ

5.2 ༧උࢼ‫ݧ‬‫ޙ‬ड़ͷ෱ౡ‫ݝ‬൧‫ؘ‬ଜͷ‫ݱ‬஍΄৔ʹ͓͍ͯɼ໦࿮ʢॎ 25

× ԣ 25 × ߴ͞ 20 cmʣΛ༻͍ͯෆ֧ཚ౔৕Λ࠾औ͢Δͱ‫ʹڞ‬ɼಉ͡໦࿮ʹߞ‫ޙى‬ͷ౔৕Λ٧Ίɼౚ݁༥ղࢼ‫ݧ‬
Fig. 4 ౚ౔ͷҰ໘ႩஅԠྗɽShearing stress vs. displacement for non-destructive and destructive (rotary-tilled) soils.
Table 1 ‫ݱ‬஍࣮ূࢼ‫݁ݧ‬Ռɽ
Stripping experiments of the frozen surface layer for non-tilled
and rotary-tilled soils.
ແରࡦ۠ߞᠾ۠ʢ৽޻๏ʣ

ᶃ

ᶄ

ᶃ

ᶄ

ᶅ

ࢪ޻೔

2/8

2/19

2/8

2/19

2/19

۠ɹը

2×2 m

2×2 m

2×2 m

2×2 m

2×8 m

࡞‫ؒ࣌ۀ‬

7෼

7෼

2.5 ෼

2.8 ෼

8.7 ෼

࡞‫཰ޮۀ‬
ʢh 10 a−1 ʣ

29

29

10

12

9

౔৕ߗ౓
ʢkgf cm−2 ʣ

63

43

29

41

35

౔৕ߗ౓͸ണ͗औΓલͷ஍දΛࢁதࣜߗ౓‫ʹܭ‬Αͬͯ‫ܭ‬ଌ‫ػ‬Λ༻͍ͯ૧಺Λ −20◦ C ͷ߃Թ؅ཧΛͯ͠ౚ݁ͤͨ͞ɽ
ౚ݁ͨ͠ࢼྉ͸ɼಛघͳႩஅࢼ‫ ֤Ͱثݧ‬2 ࢼྉͷҰ໘ႩஅԠྗΛଌఆͨ͠ɽͦͷ݁Ռɼෆ֧ཚ౔৕ͷҰ໘ႩஅԠྗ͸ 700 ∼ 900 kN m−2 ɼߞᠾ౔৕͸ 200 ∼ 250 kN m−2Ͱɼߞᠾ౔৕͸ෆ֧ཚ౔৕ͷ 1/4 ఔ౓ͷྗͰႩஅ͕Մೳ
Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ͕֬ೝ͞ΕͨʢFig. 4ʣɽ

5.3 ‫ݱ‬஍࣮ূࢼ‫ݧ‬
5.3.1 ࢼ‫΄ݧ‬৔ͷ֓ཁͱํ๏
෱ౡ‫ݝ‬൧‫ؘ‬ଜ൧ඉീ࿨໦஍۠ͷ‫ݱ‬஍΄৔ʹ͓͍ͯɼຊ
޻๏ͷ࣮ূࢼ‫ݧ‬Λ࣮ࢪͨ͠ɽߞ‫ۀ࡞ى‬͸ฏ੒ 24 ೥ 12 ݄

14 ೔ɼണ͗औΓ࡞‫ۀ‬͸ฏ੒ 25 ೥ 2 ݄ 8 ೔ɼ19 ೔ʹ࣮ࢪͨ͠ɽߞ‫ۀ࡞ى‬͸τϥΫλʢ76 PSʣͱϩʔλϦʔϋϩʔΛ༻
͍ͯ໿ 80 m2 Λਂ͞ 5 cm Ͱ࣮ࢪ͠ɼണ͗औΓ࡞‫ۀ‬͸όέοτ༰ྔʢ0.28 m3 ʣɼ56.4 PSɼ࠷େ۷࡟ྗ 54.8 kN ͷ༉ѹγϣϕϧΛ༻͍ͯߦͬͨɽ

5.3.2 ࢼ‫݁ݧ‬Ռࣄલߞ‫۠ى‬ͷߞ‫ۀ࡞ى‬͸ 10 a ͋ͨΓ 1.0 h Ͱ͋ͬͨ.

5.1 ౙ‫ظ‬ണ͗औΓ޻๏ͷ֓ཁ·ͨɼࣄલߞ‫Ͱ۠ى‬͸ɼ໿ 5 cm ͷߞ‫ى‬૚͸௨ৗͷόέοτૢ࡞Ͱ༰қʹണ͗औΒΕɼౚ݁ΛཁҼͱ͢ΔऔΓ࢒͠ຊ޻๏͸౔৕ਫ෼ͷໟ؅্ঢʹΑͬͯ‫ͳݻڧ‬ౚ౔‫ܗ‬੒͸ͳ͔ͬͨʢPhoto 10ʣɽ࡞‫཰ޮۀ‬͸ 10 a ͋ͨΓ໿ 10 h͕ଅ͞ΕΔ͜ͱʹண໨͠ɼണ͗औΔର৅ͷ౔৕ද૚ΛౚͰɼണ͗औΒΕͨ౔մͷϑϨίϯόοΫ΁ͷճऩ΋໰୊݁લʹߞ‫͠ى‬ɼଟ͘ͷۭܺΛ࣋ͭ౔մঢ়ଶΛ࡞Γग़͢ɽ͸ͳ͔ͬͨʢTable 1ʣɽͳ͓ɼണ͗औΓલͷ஍ද໘ͷۭؒͦΕʹΑͬͯɼໟ؅ʹΑΔਫ෼্ঢΛ཈੍͠ɼ‫ͳݻڧ‬ౚ౔ͷ‫ܗ‬੒Λ੍‫͢ޚ‬Δ͜ͱͰɼౚ݁ͨ͠΄৔ʹ͓͍ͯԚછ

ઢྔ͸ 2.8 μ Sv h−1 Ͱ͕͋ͬͨɼണ͗औΓ‫ޙ‬͸ 0.5 μ Sv

h−1 ʹ௿Լͨ͠ɽ

͞Εͨද૚౔৕Λ༰қʹണ͗औΔ͜ͱΛͶΒ͍ͱͨ͠΋Ұํɼແରࡦ۠Ͱ͸ౚ౔Λׂ͖ͨͨͬͯണ͗औͬͨͨ

ͷͰ͋ΔʢFig. 3ʣɽ·ͨɼണ͗औΓ࡞‫ۀ‬͸Ұൠతͳ޻๏

Ίɼ࡞‫཰ޮۀ‬͸ 10 a ͋ͨΓ໿ 30 h Ͱɼࣄલߞ‫۠ى‬ͷ 3

ͷ৔߹ɼ10 a ͋ͨΓ 5.6 ∼ 22.3 hʢ೶ྛਫ࢈ল, 2013ʣͱ

ഒͷ࣌ؒΛཁͨ͠ʢPhoto 11ʣɽ·ͨɼҰ෦Ͱ͸ౚ౔ͷ‫ڧ‬ଟ͘ͷ࣌ؒΛཁ͢Δ͕ɼߞ‫ى‬͸ 10 a ͋ͨΓ 1 h ఔ౓Ͱ࣮౓͕ߴ͘ɼׂ͖ͨͨΔ͜ͱ͕ࠔ೉ͳՕॴ΋ଘࡏͨ͠ɽ͞

ࢪͰ͖ΔͨΊɼౚ݁લʹߞ‫͢ى‬Δ͜ͱͰ౔৕ౚ݁ʹΑͬΒʹɼണ͗औΓް͸ౚ౔ްͱಉ͡ 10 cm Ͱ͋Γɼണ͗औͯണ͗औΓ͕ࠔ೉Ͱ͋ͬͨ஍Ҭʹ͓͍ͯ΋ࣄ‫ۀ‬ͷਪਐ͕ΒΕͨ౔մ͸େ͖͕͞ 50 cm ఔ౓ͰϑϨίϯόοΫͷճ

ՄೳͱͳΔɽ ҎԼʹͦͷ޻ఔΛ‫͢ه‬ΔɽऩʹࢧোΛ͖ͨͨ͠ɽ

5.1.1 ߞ‫ى‬ʢ౔৕ౚ݁લʣ

͜ΕΒͷ͜ͱ͔Βɼౚ݁લߞ‫ʹى‬ΑΔ෦෼తͳ౔৕ౚ

࡞‫ۀ‬͸ϩʔλϦʔϋϩʔ΍όʔνΧϧϋϩʔͳͲΛ༻੍݁‫ͳͨ৽ͮ͘جʹޚ‬ౙ‫ظ‬ണ͗औΓ޻๏͸ɼౚ౔͕‫ܗ‬੒͍ͯɼണ͗औΓର৅ͱ͞ΕΔਂ͞ 3 ∼ 5 cm ఔ౓Ͱ࣮ࢪ

͞ΕΔౙ‫ʹظ‬༗ޮͳআછ޻๏ͱͯ͠‫͖Ͱ༻׆‬Δ͜ͱ͕࣮͢Δɽͦͷࡍɼࡉ͔͘ࡅ౔͠ͳ͍Α͏ʹਕͷճస਺ͳͲ

ূ͞Εͨɽ·ͨɼ৽޻๏͸ണ͗औΒΕͨ౔մͷϑϨίϯΛௐ੔͢Δɽͳ͓ɼ3 cm ఔ౓ͷઙ͍ߞ‫ى‬͸όʔνΧϧϋόοΫ΁ͷ٧ΊࠐΈ΋εϜʔζʹߦ͑ɼ͞Βʹಛघ‫ػ‬ցϩʔ͕ద͍ͯ͠Δɽ·ͨɼߞ‫͔ى‬Βണ͗औΓ·Ͱͷ‫ؒظ‬Λ༻͍ͳ͍͜ͱ͔Βɼ௿ίετ͔ͭ൚༻ੑ͕ߴ͘ɼআછ

தʹɼ߱Ӎ΍ੵઇͳͲͰߞ‫ى‬૚ͷߏ଄͕ঃʑʹࣦΘΕΔΛඞཁͱ͠ͳ͕Βɼౚ౔ʹΑͬͯআછ࡞‫͕ۀ‬ఀ଺͢Δ஍

γϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूɹղઆɿ์ࣹੑ෺࣭Ԛછ೶஍ͷޮ཰తͳද౔ണ͗औΓ޻๏ͷ։ൃ

29

Photo 10 ৽޻๏ͷണ͗औΓঢ়‫گ‬ɽStripping the frozen rotary-tilled surface layer in winter.

Photo 11 ແରࡦͷണ͗औΓঢ়‫گ‬ɽStripping the frozen non-tilled surface layer in winter..

Ҭʹ޿͘ద༻͢Δ͜ͱ͕‫ظ‬଴Ͱ͖Δɽӡൖ΍ॲཧࢪઃɼஷଂࢪઃͷ༰ྔʹ܎ΘΔίετ૿΋‫ݒ‬೦͞ΕΔɽ͜ΕΒͷ‫ݒ‬೦͸ద੾ͳࢪ޻؅ཧٕज़ͱ΄৔ͷ

6. ͓ΘΓʹ

Ԛછঢ়‫ʹگ‬Ԡͨ͡ద੾ͳް͞Λ࣮֬ʹണ͗औΕΔ޻๏Λ࠾༻͢Δ͜ͱͰղফͰ͖ΔɽຊߘͰղઆͨ͠‫ݻ‬Խࡎࢄ෍ද౔ണ͗औΓʹΑΔআછ޻ࣄͷର৅ʹͳΔ೶஍ͷද໘ʹΑΔࢪ޻؅ཧٕज़ɼ༉ѹγϣϕϧͷટճ‫ػ‬ೳΛ༻͍ͯ͸ತԜ͕ଟ͋͘Γɼۭؒతͳ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ೱ౓ͷόϥπΩ

ണ͗औΔϫΠύʔ޻๏΍౔৕ճऩ‫ػ‬͸ɼਫ਼౓ͷߴ͍আછ΋ଟ͘ɼࢪ޻ਫ਼౓ͷ֬อ΍Ӧ೶࠶։ͷ൑அΛ͢Δআછޮ΍ണ͗औΓް͞ͷ੍‫ޚ‬ɼ࡞‫཰ޮۀ‬ͷ޲্͕ՄೳͰ͋ΓɼՌͷଌఆ͸೉͍͠ɽ·ͨɼ஍Ҭ΍΄৔͝ͱʹԚછਂ౓͕

্‫ه‬ͷ‫ݒ‬೦Λղফ͢Δٕज़Ͱ͋Δͱߟ͑Δɽ೶஍ͷআછҟͳΔͨΊɼ‫ۀࣄߦݱ‬ͷΑ͏ʹɼҰ཯ 5 cm ͷް͞Ͱണ͗

͸ۭؒઢྔΛԼ͛Δ͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ɼੜ࢈ͷ৔Ͱ͋Δ೶஍औΓ͕ߦΘΕΔͱɼඞཁҎ্ʹണ͗औΓ͕ߦΘΕΔ৔߹͔Β࣮֬ʹ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ΛऔΓআ͘͜ͱ͕ॏཁͰ͋Γɼ‫ؼ‬͕͋Δɽ͜Ε͸೶Ո͕௕೥ʹ౉ͬͯഓ͖ͬͯͨංཊͳද

ଜͨ͠೶Ո͕আછ‫ޙ‬ͷ೶஍Ͱ҆৺ͯ͠೶࡞෺Λੜ࢈͠ɼ౔ΛඞཁҎ্ʹണ͗औΔ͜ͱʹͳΓɼ͞ΒʹԚછ౔৕ͷফඅऀ΋ೲಘͰ͖Δআછ͕ߦΘΕΔ͜ͱΛ‫ظ‬଴͍ͨ͠ɽ

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)30Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬

एਿߊհɼ‫ޱݪ‬ெ࿕ʢ2012): ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ʹԚછ͞Εͨ೶஍ʹ͓‫ ڥ ؀‬ল ෱ ౡ ࠶ ੜ ࣄ ຿ ॴ (2013): ฏ ੒ 25 ೥ আ છ ౳ ޻ ࣄ‫ ڞ‬௨ ࢓ ༷ ॻʢ ୈ ̒ ൛ ʣɼhttp://tohoku.env.go.jp/fukushima/

to 2013/data/1115ab.pdf (2014.2.5)‫ڥ؀‬ল (2013): আછؔ܎ΨΠυϥΠϯ, http://josen.env.go.jp/

material/ (2014.2.5)
೶‫ߏػݚ‬೶ଜ޻ֶ‫( ॴڀݚ‬2013): ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ʹΑΓԚછ͞Εͨ೶஍౳ͷআછʹؔ͢Δ‫ݻ‬Խࡎࢄ෍ʹΑΔද౔࡟ΓऔΓ޻๏ʹؔ͢Δࢪ޻ͷखҾ͖ʢҊʣɼ೶‫ߏػݚ‬೶ଜ޻ֶ‫ॴڀݚ‬.
೶ྛਫ࢈ল (2013): ೶஍আછରࡦͷٕज़ॻɼhttp://www.maff.

go.jp/j/nousin/seko/josen/index.html (2014.2.5)
एਿߊհɼ‫ޱݪ‬ெ࿕ɼେ಺ެ҆ɼѨ෦ਖ਼௚ɼҰ৭ɹ߂ʢ2011): ಛ͚Δ౔৕‫ݻ‬ԽࡎΛ༻͍ͨද౔ണ͗औΓٕज़ͷ։ൃ, ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ, 121: 35–42.
एਿߊհɼ‫ޱݪ‬ெ࿕ɼେ಺ެ҆ɼԬຊɹ‫( ݩ‬2012): ಛ‫ ئ‬2012-

2668793ɼౙ‫ظ‬ͷԚછ౔৕ද૚ͷআ‫޻ڈ‬๏.
एਿߊհɼ‫ޱݪ‬ெ࿕ɼେ಺ެ҆ɼѨ෦ਖ਼௚ɼҰ৭ɹ߂ (2013a):ಛ‫ڐ‬ୈ 5321992 ߸ɼԚછ౔৕ද૚ͷআ‫޻ڈ‬๏.
एਿߊհɼ‫ޱݪ‬ெ࿕ɼԞࢁ߁ೋɼҏ౻࿨޾ɼࣉౡɹ‫܄‬ɼ౉ᬒɹߊ (2013b): ಛ‫ ئ‬2013-210737ɼ஍൫‫ݻ‬Խํ๏.
एਿߊհɼ‫ޱݪ‬ெ࿕ɼେ಺ެ҆ɼѨ෦ਖ਼௚ɼҰ৭ɹ߂ (2013c):ಛ‫ڐ‬ୈ 5181110 ߸ɼද૚౔৕ͷണ͗औΓऩू޻๏‫ͼٴ‬όέοτ.

‫ ئ‬2011-263277 ද૚౔৕ͷണ͗औΓऩूं྆‫ͼٴ‬όέοτ.

ཁࢫ‫ॴిൃྗࢠݪ‬ͷࣄ‫ͱʹނ‬΋ͳ͍์ग़͞Εͨ์ࣹੑ෺࣭͸ະߞᠾͷ৔߹ɼ೶஍౔৕ͷ͘͝ද૚ʹཹ·ΔɽͦͷͨΊɼ஍ද͔Β 2ɼ3 cm ͷ౔৕ͷണ͗औΓ͸ਝ଎͔ͭޮՌతͳআછํ๏Ͱ͋ΔɽҰํͰ‫ݐ‬ઃ‫ػ‬ցͷैલͷૢ࡞ɼ‫ͼٴ‬Ұൠతͳࢪ޻؅ཧͷԼͰ͸ɼണ͗औΓް͞ͷ੍‫ޚ‬͸ࠔ೉Ͱ͋Γɼഉ౔ྔ΍ࢪ޻අͷ૿େɼऔΓ࢒͠ͷൃੜͳͲɼଟ͘ͷ໰୊͕‫ݒ‬೦͞Ε͍ͯΔɽͦ͜Ͱɼന৭ͷ‫ݻ‬ԽࡎΛࣄલʹࢄ෍͢Δ͜ͱ
Ͱ࣮֬ͳࢪ޻؅ཧΛߦ͍ɼ͔ͭ༉ѹγϣϕϧͷટճ‫ػ‬ೳΛར༻͢Δ͜ͱͰണ͗औΓް͞Λ੍‫͢ޚ‬ΔҰ࿈ͷٕज़Λ։ൃͨ͠ɽ͞Βʹɼ෱ౡ‫ݝ‬ͷࢁؒ෦͸ౙ‫ظ‬ͷ‫ؾ‬Թ͕ණ఺ԼʹͳΔͨΊɼް͍ౚ౔૚͕‫ܗ‬੒͞Εɼද౔ͷണ͗औΓ͕ࠔ೉ʹͳΔɽͦ͜ͰɼࣄલʹߞᠾΛߦ͍ද౔Λେ͖ͳ౔մঢ়ଶʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰɼౙ‫Ͱظ‬΋ണ͗औΓ͕Ͱ͖Δ޻๏Λ։ൃͨ͠ɽ
Ωʔϫʔυɿ೶஍আછɼ༉ѹγϣϕϧɼ౔৕‫ݻ‬Խࡎɼౚ౔

シンポジウム特集

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.

ゎࠉㄝ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

LecturesNo. 126, p.31∼ 36 (2014)৿ྛʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷಈଶখྛ੓޿ 1

Radiocaesium dynamics in forest ecosystems after the FDNPP accident
Masahiro KOBAYASHI1

1. ͸͡Ίʹ

νΣϧϊϒΠϦ‫ʹނࣄൃݪ‬༝དྷ͢Δ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ৿ྛ಺ʹ͓͚Δಈଶʹ͍ͭͯɼϤʔϩούΛத৺ʹ਺ଟ͘ͷ

2011 ೥ 3 ݄ 11 ೔ͷ౦๺஍ํଠฏ༸ԭ஍਒ͱ௡೾ʹΑௐࠪ‫͞ͳ͕ڀݚ‬Ε͖ͯͨɽ֓ͯ͠ɼ৿ྛ಺Ͱ͸ྲྀೖͨ͠Γൃੜͨ͠౦‫ྗిژ‬෱ౡୈҰ‫ॴిൃྗࢠݪ‬ʢ෱ౡୈҰ‫ݪ‬์ࣹੑ Cs ͕‫Ͱ಺ܥ‬อ࣋͞ΕΔ܏޲ʹ͋Δͱ͞Ε͍ͯΔ

ൃʣͷࣄ‫Ͱނ‬͸ɼେྔͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭͕‫ڥ؀‬தʹ์ग़͞Ε

ʢIAEA, 2006ʣɽCs ͸ΞϧΧϦۚଐͰ͋Γɼਫʹ༹ղͨ͢ɽߴԹͰΨεԽ͠΍͍֩͢छͰ͋Δ์ࣹੑϤ΢ૉ‫ͼٴ‬Δͱ 1 ՁͷཅΠΦϯʢCs+ ʣͱͳΔɽ౔৕தʹ͓͍ͯ΋์ࣹੑηγ΢ϜʢCsʣ͸ɼେ‫ؾ‬ͷྲྀಈͱͱ΋ʹҠಈɾ֦ࢄ೔ͱ͍͏୹͍൒‫ʹظݮ‬ΑΓ୹‫ݮͰؒظ‬ਰͨ͠ɽҰํɼη

Cs+ ͱͯ͠ଘࡏ͠ɼಉଐͷφτϦ΢Ϝ΍ΧϦ΢Ϝͱಉ༷ͷΠΦϯަ‫׵‬൓Ԡ͕‫͜ى‬ΔҰํɼҰ෦ͷ 2 : 1 ‫ܕ‬૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺ͷ૚ؒʹ‫ʹݻڧ‬อ࣋͞ΕΔੑ࣭͕͋Δʢ௩ాΒ,
2011; ࢁ‫ޱ‬Β, 2012ʣɽͦͷͨΊɼ࣭߭౔৕૚·Ͱୡͨ͠์ࣹੑ Cs ͸ɼ౔৕ཻࢠࣗମ͕Ҡಈ͠ͳ͍‫ݶ‬Γɼͦͷ৔

γ΢Ϝ 134ʢCs-134ʣ͓Αͼηγ΢Ϝ 137ʢCs-137ʣ͸ʹཹ·Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽͨͩ͠ɼ৿ྛͰ͸֎෦͔Βྲྀೖͨ͠ɽ์ࣹੑϤ΢ૉ͸ɼࣄ‫͔ނ‬Β਺೔‫ʹޙ‬෱ౡୈҰ‫ൃݪ‬͔Βԕ͘཭Εͨ౦‫ژ‬ͷড়ਫ৔Ͱ΋ߴೱ౓Ͱ‫ݕ‬ग़͞Εɼ์ࣹೳԚછͷۭؒతͳ޿͕ΓΛࢲͨͪʹ࣮‫ޙͨͤ͞ײ‬ɼ8൒‫ ͕ظݮ‬2 ೥͓Αͼ 30 ೥ͱ௕͘ɼ౦๺஍ํ͓Αͼؔ౦ͨ͠์ࣹੑ Cs ͷଟ͘͸ɼ࣭߭౔৕ʹୡ͢Δલʹथ‫ף‬૚ɼ஍ํʹ͜ΕΒ֩छʹΑΔ޿େͳ์ࣹೳԚછ஍ଳΛ࢒ͨ͠Ϧλʔ૚Ͱ΋ัଊ͞ΕΔɽಛʹɼ‫ͳྫྷפ‬஍Ҭʹଟ͍ް͍ʢจ෦Պֶল, 2011ʣɽ

Ϧλʔ૚Ͱ͸ɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ͕௕‫ͯͬ౉ʹظ‬อ࣋͞ΕΔ͜

೔ຊ͸ࠃ౔ͷ 67 % ͕৿ྛʹ෴ΘΕ͓ͯΓɼ࠷΋ਂࠁͳͱ͕஌ΒΕ͍ͯΔʢWinkelbauer et al., 2012ʣɽԹஆଟӍ์ࣹೳԚછඃ֐Λड͚ͨ෱ౡ‫ݝ‬ͷ৿ྛ཰΋ 71 % ͱߴ͍ɽͰ஍‫ٸ͕ܗ‬फ़ͳ೔ຊʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼϦλʔ෼ղ͕ਐΈ΍͢ߤۭ‫ػ‬ϞχλϦϯάσʔλͱ GIS ʹΑΔղੳʹΑΕ͹ɼ͘ɼྲྀҬ͔Βͷ౔࠭ྲྀग़͕ੜ͡΍͍͢৚݅ʹ͋Δ͜ͱ͔෱ౡୈҰ‫ʹނࣄൃݪ‬ΑΓੜͨ͡ 1 ฏํϝʔτϧ͋ͨΓΒɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫Ͱ಺ܥ‬ͷಈଶ΍‫΁֎ܥ‬ͷྲྀग़͕ɼ‫ڀݚ‬100 ສ Bq Ҏ্ʢ2011 ೥ 11 ݄࣌఺ͷ Cs-134 ͱ Cs-137ͷ߹‫ܭ‬ʣͷ์ࣹೳԚછ஍Ҭͷ૯໘ੵ͸ 646 km2 Ͱ͋Γɼ
ͦͷ 66 % ʹ͋ͨΔ 428 km2 ͕৿ྛͰ͋ΔʢHashimoto
et al., 2012ʣɽͳ͓ɼఱવʹଘࡏ͢Δ Cs ͷ҆ఆಉҐମͰ
͋Δ Cs-133 ͸ɼ஍֪΍౔৕ʹ਺ mg kg−1 ‫·ؚ‬Ε͍ͯΔ(Reimann and de Caritat, 1998)ɽ͜Εʹରͯ͠ɼྫ͑͹
Cs-137 ͸ 1 ສ Bq ଘࡏͯ͠΋ͦͷ࣭ྔ͸ 3 ×10−6 mg ʹա͗ͣɼਂࠁͳ์ࣹೳԚછΛ΋ͨΒ͍ͯ͠Δ์ࣹੑ Cs

஝ੵͷଟ͍ϢʔϥγΞେ཮ͰಘΒΕͨ஌‫Ͱݟ‬͸༧ଌͰ͖͸ɼ‫ࢠݪ‬ͷ਺ͱͯ͠͸‫ۃ‬ΊͯඍྔͰ͋Δɽ෱ౡୈҰ‫ͱނࣄൃݪ‬ฒͿաࠅࣄ‫ ͨͬ͋Ͱނ‬1986 ೥ͷͳ͍Մೳੑ͕͋ΔɽͦͷͨΊɼ‫ݱ‬஍ʹ͓͚ΔϞχλϦϯ
άΛߦ͍ɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷಈଶΛ‫͍ͯ͘͠ࢹ؂‬ඞཁ͕͋ΔɽͦͷΑ͏ͳऔΓ૊Έ͸ࣄ‫ނ‬ͷ௚‫͔ޙ‬Β೔ຊࠃ಺ͷෳ਺ͷେֶ΍‫ؔػڀݚ‬ɼֶձɼNPO ͳͲʹΑΓ࢝ΊΒΕɼ͞·͟·ͳ‫Ͱܗ‬σʔλ͕ൃද͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ
ຊߘͰ͸ɼචऀ͕ॴଐ͢Δಠཱߦ੓๏ਓ৿ྛ૯߹‫ڀݚ‬ॴ͕࣮ࢪ͖ͯͨ͠ɼ৿ྛ಺Ͱͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ෼෍ͱҠߦɼਫΛհͨ͠์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ৿ྛ಺ͰͷҠಈ͓Αͼ৿ྛ͔Βͷྲྀग़ʹ͍ͭͯͷௐࠪ‫ڀݚ‬Λ঺հ͢Δɽ

νΣϧϊϒΠϦ‫ނࣄॴిൃྗࢠݪ‬ͷࡍʹ΋ɼ‫ڥ؀‬தʹେྔͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭͕์ग़͞Ε͓ͯΓɼपลͷଟ͘ͷࠃͷ৿

2. ৿ྛ಺ʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ෼෍ྛ͕์ࣹੑ Cs ͰԚછ͞Εͨɽ·ͨɼ1950 ∼ 60 ೥୅ʹ਺ଟ͘ߦΘΕͨେ‫Ͱݧ࣮֩಺ݍؾ‬΋์ࣹੑ Cs ͕େྔʹ৿ྛͰ͸େ‫͔ؾ‬Βྲྀೖͨ͠์ࣹੑ Cs ͸थ‫ף‬Λߏ੒͢‫ڥ؀‬தʹ์ग़͞Ε͓ͯΓɼ௕͍೥݄ʹ౉ͬͯάϩʔόϧ

Δ༿ͱࢬɼՃ͑ͯ‫ʹװ‬Ұ෦͕ัଊ͞ΕΔɽ஍දʹୡͨ͠ϑΥʔϧΞ΢τͱͯ͠ੈքதͷ৿ྛʹ߱Γ஫͍Ͱ͍Δɽ

์ࣹੑ Cs ͷҰ෦͸͞ΒʹϦλʔ૚Ͱัଊ͞Εɼ࢒Γ͕࣭߭౔৕૚ʹୡ͢Δɽͦͷ഑෼͸ɼಉ͡‫ܦ‬ա࣌ؒͰ΋थ

1 Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato,Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8609, Japan. Corresponding authorɿখྛ੓޿, ৿ྛ૯߹‫ॴڀݚ‬2014 ೥ 2 ݄ 1 ೔डߘɹ 2014 ೥ 3 ݄ 6 ೔डཧछɼϦλʔͷྔ΍࣭ʹΑΓҟͳΔͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼ෱ౡୈҰ‫ޙނࣄൃݪ‬ɼ෱ౡ‫ݝ‬ͷ઒಺ଜɼେ‫ۄ‬ଜɼ୞‫ݟ‬ொͷ 3 ϲॴͰྛ಺ʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ෼෍ͱͦͷม౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)32

Fig. 1 େ‫ݧࢼۄ‬஍ͷεΪྛ಺ͷ 2011 ೥ʢࠨʣͱ 2012 ೥ʢӈʣͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ෼෍ʢCs-134 ͱ Cs-137 ͷ߹‫ܭ‬ʣʢ೶ྛਫ࢈লʢ2013ʣΛ‫࡞ʹج‬੒ʣɽ

Fig. 2 େ‫ݧࢼۄ‬஍ͷམ༿޿༿थྛ಺ͷ 2011 ೥ʢࠨʣͱ 2012 ೥ʢӈʣͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ෼෍ʢCs-134 ͱ Cs-137 ͷ߹‫ܭ‬ʣʢ೶ྛਫ࢈লʢ2013ʣΛ‫࡞ʹج‬੒ʣɽԽΛ࣮ࡍʹௐ΂ͨྫΛ঺հ͢Δʢ೶ྛਫ࢈ল, 2013; ۚࢠ,2012ʣɽ

ࡏ͠ɼͦͷେ෦෼͸Ϧλʔ૚ʹଘࡏ͓ͯ͠ΓʢFig. 2ʣɼ
࣭߭౔৕૚ʹ͸໿ 3 ׂଘࡏ͍ͯͨ͠ɽεΪྛɼམ༿޿༿

2.1 ௐࠪ஍ͱํ๏

थྛͱ΋ࢬ΍थൽʹ΋গྔͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͕ଘࡏ͍ͯͨ͠ɽ

֤ௐࠪ஍ͷ෱ౡୈҰ‫͔ൃݪ‬Βͷ‫཭ڑ‬͸ɼ઒಺͕ 26 kmɼࡐͷ஝ੵྔ͸͘͝Θ͔ͣͰ͋ͬͨɽ์ࣹੑ Cs ஝ੵྔ͸େ‫ ͕ۄ‬66 kmɼ୞‫ ͕ݟ‬134 km Ͱ͋Δɽௐࠪ͸‫ނࣄൃݪ‬઒಺ > େ‫ > ۄ‬୞‫ݟ‬ͷॱͰ͋Γɼ͜Ε͸ۭؒઢྔ཰ʹൺ͔Β໿ 5 ϲ݄‫ܦ‬ա‫ޙ‬ͷ 2011 ೥ 8 ∼ 9 ݄ɼ͜ΕΑΓ͞Βྫ͍ͯͨ͠ɽ

ʹ໿ 1 ೥‫ܦ‬ա‫ޙ‬ͷ 2012 ೥ 8 ∼ 9 ݄ʹ࣮ࢪͨ͠ɽ֤ௐࠪ

2.3 2012 ೥ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ෼෍ϯϓϧΛͦΕͧΕ࠾औͨ͠ɽ‫ס‬૩΍คࡅ౳ͷௐ੔ͷ‫ޙ‬ɼ

2011 ೥ͷௐ͔ࠪΒ 1 ೥‫ܦ‬աͨ͠ 2012 ೥ 8 ∼ 9 ݄ͷ࣌఺Ͱ͸ɼεΪྛͷ༿ͱϦλʔ૚ʹଘࡏ͢Δ์ࣹੑ Cs ͸શମͷ໿ 3 ׂʹ‫ݮ‬গ͠ɼ‫౔࣭߭ʹٯ‬৕த͸໿ 7 ׂ·Ͱ૿Ճͨ͠ʢFig. 1ʣɽམ༿޿༿थྛͰ͸Ϧλʔ૚தͷ์ࣹ
ੑ Cs ஝ੵྔ͕શମͷ 2 ׂ·Ͱ‫ݮ‬গ͠ɼ࣭߭౔৕த͸໿
8 ׂ·Ͱ૿Ճͨ͠ʢFig. 2ʣɽथ‫͔ף‬ΒϦλʔ૚΁ͷ์ࣹ
ੑ Cs ͷҠߦ͸ɼࢬ༿͔Βͷ༹୤΍ࢬ༿ͷ୤མʢϦλʔ஍ʹ͓͍ͯɼόΠΦϚεྔͷਪఆͷͨΊɼϓϩοτΛઃఆͯ͠ຖ໦ௐࠪʢथ໦ͷ‫ߴڳ‬௚‫ͱܘ‬थߴͷଌఆʣΛߦ͍ɼۭؒઢྔ཰Λଌఆͨ͠ɽ͍࣍Ͱɼௐࠪ໦Λ 3 ຊબఆ͠ɼ
ௐࠪ໦पғͷϦλʔ૚ͱ࣭߭౔৕૚ʢ0 ∼ 20 cm ·Ͱɼ5cm ຖʣΛαϯϓϦϯάͨ͠ɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼௐࠪ໦Λίϯλϛ
͕ੜ͡ͳ͍Α͏ʹ஫ҙͯ͠െ౗͠ɼ༿ɼࢬɼथൽɼࡐͷα֤ࢼྉͷ Cs-134 ͓Αͼ Cs-137 ͷೱ౓ΛήϧϚχ΢Ϝ൒ϑΥʔϧʣʹΑΓੜͨ͡ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ·ͨɼϦλʔ૚ಋମ‫ݕ‬ग़‫Ͱث‬ଌఆͨ͠ɽҎԼɼʮ์ࣹੑ Csʯ͸ɼCs-134͔Β࣭߭౔৕૚΁ͷҠߦ͸ɼϦλʔ૚͔Βͷ༹୤ʹՃ͑ɼͱ Cs-137 ͷ߹‫ܭ‬Λࢦ͢ɽೱ౓ͱόΠΦϚεྔ͔Βɼ୯Ϧλʔࣗମ͕෼ղ͞Εͯਫͱͱ΋ʹҠಈ͠΍͘͢ͳͬͨ

Ґ໘ੵ౰ͨΓͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ஝ੵྔΛ‫ͨ͠ࢉܭ‬ɽ͜ͱʹΑΓਐΜͩͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ‫͔ނࣄൃݪ‬Β໿ 1 ೥

2.2 2011 ೥ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ෼෍
2011 ೥ 8 ∼ 9 ݄ͷ࣌఺ʹ͓͍ͯɼࣄ‫ނ‬౰࣌༿͕͋ͬ
ͨৗ྘थͷεΪྛͰ͸ɼ༿͓ΑͼϦλʔ૚ʹ์ࣹੑ Cs
ͷ૯஝ੵྔͷ໿ 7 ׂ͕ଘࡏ͓ͯ͠Γɼ࣭߭౔৕ʹ͸໿ 2ׂଘࡏ͍ͯͨ͠ʢFig. 1ʣɽࣄ‫ނ‬౰࣌༿͕ͳ͔ͬͨམ༿޿
༿थྛͰ΋૯஝ੵྔͷ 6 ׂఔ౓͕༿͓ΑͼϦλʔ૚ʹଘ

5 ϲ݄Ͱ࣭߭౔৕ʹେ൒ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͕Ҡߦͨ͜͠ͱʹͳΓɼ͜ΕΒ෱ౡͷࢼ‫ݧ‬஍Ͱ͸νΣϧϊϒΠϦࣄ‫ޙނ‬ͷϤʔϩούΑΓ଎͘Ҡߦ͕ਐΜͩͱΈΒΕΔɽͨͩ͠ɼ
઒಺ͷϓϩοτͷҰͭͰ͸ɼ2012 ೥ͷ࣌఺Ͱ΋࣭߭౔৕ʹ͸·ͩ໿ 2 ׂ͔͠์ࣹੑ Cs ͕ଘࡏ͓ͯ͠Βͣɼཱ஍‫ڥ؀‬ͷҧ͍ʹΑΓҠߦ଎౓͸ଟ༷Ͱ͋Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

γϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूɹղઆɿ৿ྛʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷಈଶ

33Fig. 3 ‫ݧࢼܡ‬஍ʹ͓͚Δ 2011 ೥ͷྛ಺Ӎ͓ΑͼϦλʔ૚௨աਫதͷ Cs-137 ೱ౓ʢ༹ଘଶ + ‫ݒ‬୙ଶʣɽ͍αϯϓϦϯάਂ౓Ͱ͋Δ 0 ∼ 5 cm ʹେ෦෼͕ଘࡏ͠

࣭߭౔৕தͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͸ɼ2012 ೥ʹ͓͍ͯ΋࠷΋ઙ

3.1 ௐࠪ஍ͱํ๏
ࢼྉ͸ɼҵ৓‫ݝ‬৓ཬொʹҐஔ͢Δ৿ྛ૯߹‫ࢼܡॴڀݚ‬͓ͯΓɼΑΓਂ෦΁ͷҠߦ͸‫ݶ‬ఆతͰ͋ͬͨɽͭ·Γɼ‫ݧ‬஍ͷ‫ݯ‬಄෦খྲྀҬʢ2.3 haʣͰ࠾औͨ͠ɽ‫ݧࢼܡ‬஍͸์ࣹੑ Cs ͸࣭߭౔৕ͷ࠷ද૚ʹอ࣋͞Ε͍ͯΔͱߟ͑෱ౡୈҰ‫͔ൃݪ‬Β 119 km ཭Ε͓ͯΓɼจ෦ՊֶলʹΑΒΕͨɽͦͷཧ༝ͷҰͭʹɼ૚ঢ়೪౔߭෺ͷ૚ؒͷ Cs

Δߤۭ‫ػ‬ϞχλϦϯάͰਪఆ͞ΕΔ Cs-137 ‫ ͼٴ‬Cs-134Λಛҟʹ‫ݻ‬ఆ͢Δ෦ҐʢϑϨΠυΤοδαΠτʣͷଘࡏͷ߹‫ܭ‬௜ணྔ 10 kBq m−2 ҎԼͷ஍Ҭʹ͋ΔɽྲྀҬͷදʢࢁ‫ޱ‬Β, 2012ʣ͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽͨͩ͠ɼCs ͸୯७ͳෛՙ

૚஍࣭͸த‫ݹ‬ੜ૚ଯੵ‫ؠ‬ɼ౔৕͸ओʹՐࢁփΛ฼ࡐͱ͢ి෦Ґ΁ͷ‫ٵ‬ணͰ΋อ࣋͞ΕΔɽࣄ‫ޙނ‬ͷ࣌ؒ‫ܦ‬աʹͱΔ‫׊‬৭৿ྛ౔Ͱ͋Δɽ২ੜ͸ɼࣼ໘Լ෦͕ 1965 ೥ʹ২΋ͳ͍Ͳͷอ࣋ϝΧχζϜ͕୎ӽ͢ΔΑ͏ʹͳ͔ͬͨΛ࠿͞ΕͨεΪਓ޻ྛɼࣼ໘্෦͸མ༿޿༿थͷೋ࣍ྛͰ஌ΔͨΊʹ͸ɼ͞ΒʹৄࡉͳௐࠪΛཁ͢Δɽ

͋Δɽ
୩಄෦ͷεΪྛ಺ʹ͓͍ͯɼϙϦϩʔτͱϙϦλϯΫ

3. ‫ނࣄൃݪ‬௚‫͚͓ʹޙ‬ΔਫΛհͨ͠ΑΓͳΔ૷ஔΛ༻͍ͯྛ಺ӍΛ࠾औ͠ɼ͜ΕΛ 2 िؒʹ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝͷಈଶ

1 ճճऩͨ͠ɽྲྀҬͷ຤୺ʹ͍ۙԼ෦୩นࣼ໘ʹ͓͍ͯɼςϯγϣϯϑϦʔϥΠγϝʔλΛ༻͍ͯϦλʔ૚௨աਫ

ͷಈଶʹ͓͍ͯɼਫͷҠಈʹͱ΋ͳ͏์ࣹੑ Cs ͷҠಈΛɼϙʔϥεϓϨʔτςϯγϣϯϥΠγϝʔλʢ௼ాΒ,
2005ʣΛ༻͍ͯਂ౓ 30 cm ͷ౔৕ਫΛ࠾औ͠ɼिʹ 1 ճճऩͨ͠ɽྲྀҬ຤୺ͷྲྀྔ‫؍‬ଌ఺ͷखલʹ͓͍ͯिʹ 1͸େ͖ͳ໾ׂΛՌͨ͢ͱߟ͑ΒΕɼνΣϧϊϒΠϦ‫ൃݪ‬ճ‫ྲྀܢ‬ਫΛ࠾औͨ͠ɽ֤ࢼྉ͸ɼ΋ͱ΋ͱͷ໨తͰ͋Δࣄ‫ނ‬༝དྷͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ʹؔ͢Δ‫ྫࣄڀݚ‬΋ଟ͍ʢBunzlओཁ༹ଘ੒෼ͷ෼ੳʹ‫͠ڙ‬ɼͦͷ࢒ΓΛແΖաͷঢ়ଶͰ࣌ؒͷ‫ܦ‬աʹͱ΋ͳ͍ɼ৿ྛ಺ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͸थ‫͔ף‬ΒϦλʔ૚ɼϦλʔ૚͔Β࣭߭౔৕૚΁ͱҠಈ͢Δɽ͜

et al., 1989; Tegen and Dörr, 1996; Rafferty et al., 2000ʣɽϙϦϏϯʹೖΕɼࣨԹ໿ 4◦ C ͷྫྷଂࣨͰอ؅ͨ͠ɽ͜͜

෱ౡୈҰ‫ޙނࣄൃݪ‬ͷ೔ຊࠃ಺ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼࣄ‫ނ‬લ͔ΒͰࣔ͢σʔλ͸ɼ͜ͷอ؅ࢼྉʹ͍ͭͯ Cs-137 ೱ౓Λ࠾औ͍ͯͨ͠ྛ಺Ӎ͓Αͼथ‫ࢼྲྀװ‬ྉͷ์ࣹೳ෼ੳʹΑଌఆͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ

Γɼؔ౦஍ํͷεΪྛ‫ͼٴ‬ώϊΩྛʹ͓͍ͯɼ߱ӍʹΑ

Cs-137 ೱ౓ͷଌఆ͸ɼήϧϚχ΢Ϝ൒ಋମ‫ݕ‬ग़‫ث‬Λ༻Γྲྀೖͨ͠์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ 6 ׂҎ্͕Ұ౓थ‫ัʹף‬ଊ͞Εɼ͍ͯߦͬͨɽอ؅ࢼྉͷྔ͸ 15 mL ∼ 280 mL ͱগྔͷ͜Ε͕ঃʑʹϦϦʔε͞Εͨ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ʹ͞Ε͍ͯΔͨΊɼҰൠʹਫͷ์ࣹೳ෼ੳʹ༻͍ΔϚϦωϦ༰‫Ͱث‬͸ʢKato et al., 2012ʣ
ɽ·ͨɼؔ౦஍ํͷམ༿޿༿थྛͰ͸ɼ

ͳ͘ɼU8 ༰‫ث‬ʢ༰ੵ 100 mLʣɼຢ͸༰ྔ໿ 400 mL ͷϙϦλʔ૚௚Լ͓Αͼਂ౓ 10 cm ͷ࣭߭౔৕Λਫͱͱ΋ʹϦενϨϯ༰‫Ͱث‬ଌఆͨ͠ɽଌఆ஋͸ࢼྉ࠾औ೔ʹ߹ΘҠಈ͢Δ༹ଘଶͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷϑϥοΫε͕‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͯͤͯ‫ݮ‬ਰิਖ਼ͨ͠ɽ͸͡ΊʹແΖաͷঢ়ଶͰଌఆͨ͠ɽ

͓Γɼ‫ؾ‬Թͷ্ঢ͢ΔՆ‫ʹق‬ϑϥοΫε͕૿Ճ͢Δ܏޲ྛ಺Ӎ͓ΑͼϦλʔ૚௨աਫ͸ɼ޸‫ ܘ‬0.45 μ m ͷϝϯϒ͕໌Β͔ʹ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢNakanishi et al., 2014ʣɽ

ϨϯϑΟϧλͰΖաͯ͠࠶౓ଌఆͨ͠ɽҎԼɼϑΟϧλ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼචऀΒ͕৿ྛʹ͓͚Δ෺࣭॥‫ߏػ؀‬ղ໌ͷΛ௨աͨ͠Ζӷʹ‫·ؚ‬ΕΔ Cs-137 Λʮ༹ଘଶʯɼϑΟϧͨΊͷϞχλϦϯάௐࠪͰ࠾औͨ͠ྛ಺ӍɼϦλʔ૚௨λ্ʹ࢒Δ‫ݒ‬୙෺ʹ‫·ؚ‬ΕΔ Cs-137 Λʮ‫ݒ‬୙ଶʯͱ͢

աਫɼ౔৕ਫɼ‫ྲྀܢ‬ਫࢼྉʹ͍ͭͯ์ࣹੑ Cs ೱ౓ΛଌΔɽͳ͓ɼ‫ྲྀܢ‬ਫΛআ͍ͯɼ‫࠾ʹॳ࠷ޙނࣄൃݪ‬औͨ͠ఆͨ݁͠ՌΛࣔ͠ɼ෱ౡୈҰ‫ނࣄൃݪ‬௚‫ޙ‬ͷ৿ྛʹ͓͚ࢼྉʹ͸ࣄ‫ނ‬લ͔Β࠾औ༰‫ʹث‬ೖ͍ͬͯͨ෼͕‫·ؚ‬ΕͯΔਫΛհͨ͠์ࣹੑ Cs ͷಈଶʹ͍ͭͯٞ࿦͢Δɽ

͍Δɽྛ಺Ӎʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼస౗ϚεࣜӍྔ‫ʹܭ‬ΑΔ࿈ଓ‫؍‬ଌσʔλ͕͋ΔͨΊɼ͜ΕΛ༻͍ͯࣄ‫ͨͬ߱ʹޙނ‬෼34౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)͸ɼલষͰ঺հͨ͠ɼ‫͔ނࣄൃݪ‬Β 1 ೥Ҏ্‫ܦ‬աͯ͠΋࣭߭౔৕தͰ͸ 0 ∼ 5 cm ʹ Cs-137 ͷ΄ͱΜͲ͕อ࣋͞
Ε͍ͯͨͱ͍͏ௐࠪ݁Ռͱ΋ରԠ͢Δɽ

3.3 ༹ଘଶͱ‫ݒ‬୙ଶͷ‫د‬༩ྛ಺Ӎ͓ΑͼϦλʔ૚௨աਫʹ͸ɼ೑‫֬Ͱ؟‬ೝͰ͖Δ‫ݒ‬୙෺͕‫·ؚ‬Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕ଟ͔ͬͨɽΖաલ‫ޙ‬ͷଌఆ஋ͷൺֱ͔Βɼ‫ݒ‬୙෺ͷ‫د‬༩ʹ͍ͭͯ‫ݕ‬౼͢Δɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼΖա‫ޙ‬ͷଌఆ஋Λ༹ଘଶɼΖաલͷଌఆ஋Λ༹ଘଶͱ‫ݒ‬୙ଶͷ߹‫͑ߟͱܭ‬Δɽྛ಺Ӎͷ৔߹ɼࣄ‫ʹॳ࠷ޙނ‬࠾औͨ͠ࢼྉͰ͸Ζաલ‫ Ͱޙ‬Cs-137 ೱ౓͕΄ͱΜͲมΘΒͣɼ༹ଘଶͷׂ߹͕໿ 10 ׂͰ͋ͬͨʢFig. 4ʣ
ɽͦͷ
Fig. 4 ‫ݧࢼܡ‬஍ͷྛ಺Ӎதͷ Cs-137 ʹ͓͚Δ༹ଘଶͱ‫ޙ‬ɼ༹ଘଶͷ Cs-137 ೱ౓͸มಈͭͭ͠௿Լͨ͠ɽ8 ݄Ҏ‫ݒ‬୙ଶͷ‫د‬༩ɽ߱ʹ‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔ༹ଘଶ + ‫ݒ‬୙ଶͷύϧεঢ়ͷೱ౓্ঢ͸ɼ΄ͱΜͲ͕‫ݒ‬୙ଶͷ‫د‬༩ʹΑΔ΋ͷͰ͋ͬͨɽϦλʔ૚௨աਫʹ͍ͭͯ΋ɼ༹ଘଶͷೱ౓͸ 5 Bq L−1 ະຬͰ؇΍͔ʹ௿Լ͓ͯ͠Γɼ༹ଘଶ + ‫ݒ‬୙ଶͷೱ౓্ঢ͸΄ͱΜͲ͕‫ݒ‬୙ଶͷ‫د‬༩ʹΑΔ΋ͷͰ͋ͬͨʢFig. 5ʣɽҎ্ͷΑ͏ʹɼྛ಺Ӎ͓ΑͼϦλʔ૚௨աਫͱͯ͠Ҡ
ಈ͢Δ Cs-137 ʹ͍ͭͯߟ͑Δࡍʹ͸ɼ༹ଘଶʹՃ͑ͯ‫ݒ‬୙ଶ΋ߟྀ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ্ʹࣔͨ͠σʔλʹؔΘΔ‫ݒ‬୙෺ͷ૊੒΍ൃੜ‫͍ͯͭʹݯ‬͸‫Ͱ఺࣌ݱ‬͸Α͘෼͔͍ͬͯͳ͍͕ɼՆ‫૿ʹظ‬Ճ͢Δ܏޲͕͋Δ͜ͱ͔Βɼथ‫ף‬΍Ϧλʔ૚ʹ͓͚Δੜ෺‫׆‬ಈ͕ؔ༩͍ͯ͠Δͱਪ࡯
͞ΕΔɽ

Fig. 5 ‫ݧࢼܡ‬஍ͷϦλʔ૚௨աਫதͷ Cs-137 ʹ͓͚Δ
༹ଘଶͱ‫ݒ‬୙ଶͷ‫د‬༩ɽ͚ͩͷೱ౓ʹิਖ਼ͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼ࠾औྔ͕গͳ͘อ؅ࢼྉ
͕ແ͍΋ͷ͸์ࣹೳଌఆΛߦ͍ͬͯͳ͍ɽ

3.2 ਫͷ Cs-137 ೱ౓

4. ৿ྛ͔Βͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷྲྀग़৿ྛ͔Βྲྀग़͢Δਫ͸ɼԼྲྀʹ͓͍ͯਫಓ‫ݪ‬ਫɼ೶‫ۀ‬༻ਫͱͯ͠ར༻͞ΕΔͱͱ΋ʹɼ‫ྲྀܢ‬΍ԼྲྀਫҬͷੜଶ‫ʹܥ‬΋Ө‫ڹ‬Λ༩͍͑ͯΔɽͦͷͨΊɼྲྀग़͢Δਫʹ෱ౡ‫ʹނࣄൃݪ‬ΑΓ์ग़͞Εͨ์ࣹੑ෺࣭͕‫·ؚ‬Ε͍ͯΔ

෱ౡ‫ॳ࠷ޙނࣄൃݪ‬ͷࢼྉ͸ɼ2011 ೥ 3 ݄ 23 ೔ʹճ͔ɼ‫·ؚ‬Ε͍ͯΔ৔߹Ͳͷఔ౓ͷೱ౓Ͱ͋Δ͔͸ॏཁͳऩͨ͠Ϧλʔ૚௨աਫɼ౔৕ਫɼ‫ྲྀܢ‬ਫͰ͋Δɽྛ಺Ӎ໰୊Ͱ͋Δɽ๯಄Ͱ΋৮Εͨͱ͓Γɼ์ࣹੑϤ΢ૉ͸෱

͸ 3 ݄ 30 ೔ʹ࠷ॳͷࢼྉΛճऩͨ͠ɽࣄ‫ނ‬௚‫ޙ‬ͷྛ಺ౡ‫ޙނࣄൃݪ‬ɼ֤஍ͷড়ਫ৔ʹ͓͍ͯߴೱ౓Ͱ‫ݕ‬ग़͞ΕӍʹ͸ɼ໿ 60 Bq L−1 ͷ Cs-137 ͕‫·ؚ‬Ε͍ͯͨʢFig.

3ʣɽಉ͡‫࠾ʹؒظ‬औͨ͠Ϧλʔ૚௨աਫͷ Cs-137 ೱ౓͸ 10 Bq L−1 ະຬͰ͋ͬͨɽ͜ͷࠩ͸ɼྛ಺Ӎͱͯ͠஍දʹୡͨ͠ਫʹ‫·ؚ‬ΕΔ Cs-137 ͕Ϧλʔ૚Ͱัଊ͞Εͨ͜ͱΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δɽ5 ∼ 6 ݄·Ͱʹྛ಺Ӎதͷ Cs-137ೱ౓͸‫ʹܹٸ‬௿Լͯͦ͠ͷ‫ ޙ‬5 Bq L−1 લ‫Ͱޙ‬ਪҠͨ͠
͕ɼ8 ݄ʹύϧεঢ়ʹ໿ 30 Bq L−1 ·Ͱ্ঢ͢Δ͜ͱ͕
͋ͬͨɽϦλʔ૚௨աਫͷ Cs-137 ೱ౓͸ 5 ݄·Ͱʹ؇΍͔ʹ௿Լͯ͠ 5 Bq L−1 ҎԼʹͳ͕ͬͨɼ7 ݄ͱ 8 ݄͕ͨɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ͸΄ͱΜͲෆ‫ݕ‬ग़Ͱ͋ͬͨɽઌʹड़΂ͨ‫ݧࢼܡ‬஍ͷྫͰ΋ɼྛ಺Ӎʹ Cs-137 ͕ 60 Bq L−1 ‫ؚ‬·Ε͍ͯͨ‫͍͓ͯʹؒظ‬΋‫ྲྀܢ‬ਫͰ͸ෆ‫ݕ‬ग़Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ
͜Ε͸์ࣹੑ Cs ͕౔ཻࢠʹัଊ͞Ε΍͍ͨ͢Ίͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽͨͩ͠ɼෆ‫ݕ‬ग़Ͱ͸͋Δ͕‫ݕ‬ग़Լ‫ݶ‬ҎԼͷ௿ೱ౓Ͱྲྀग़͍ͯ͠ΔՄೳੑ͸͋Δɽ·ͨɼ߱ӍʹΑΓ૿ਫͯ͠౔ཻࢠ౳ͷ‫ݒ‬୙෺͕ྲྀग़͢Δࡍʹ͸ɼͦΕʹอ࣋͞Ε͍ͯΔ์ࣹੑ Cs ͕Ұॹʹྲྀग़͢Δ͜ͱ͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ
͜͜Ͱ͸ɼಛʹ‫ऀޙ‬ͷέʔεΛ֬ೝ͢ΔͨΊʹɼ෱ౡ‫ݝ‬ʹ΍͸Γύϧεঢ়ʹ্ঢ͢Δ͜ͱ͕͋Γɼ͜ͷͱ͖ͷͷ৿ྛʹ͓͍ͯ৿ྛ૯߹‫ͱॴڀݚ‬෱ౡ‫ڀݚۀྛݝ‬ηϯ

Cs-137 ೱ౓͸ࣄ‫ނ‬௚‫ޙ‬Λ্ճͬͨɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ౙʹ͔͚ͯɼྛ಺ӍɼϦλʔ૚௨աਫͱ΋ Cs-137 ೱ౓͸มಈͭͭ͠

͢Δɽ؇΍͔ʹ௿Լͨ͠ɽ
‫ྲྀܢ‬ਫ͓Αͼਂ౓ 30 cm ͷ౔৕ਫʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼࣄ‫ޙނ‬࠷ॳʹ࠾औͨ͠ 3 ݄ 23 ೔ͷࢼྉ͔Β΋ Cs-137 ͸‫ݕ‬ग़͞Εͳ͔ͬͨʢ‫ݕ‬ग़Լ‫ ݶ‬1 Bq L−1 ʣɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼ6 ݄·ͰͷࢼྉͷଌఆΛߦ͕ͬͨɼશͯͷࢼྉͰෆ‫ݕ‬ग़Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ
౔৕தʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼCs-137 ͷେ෦෼͕ัଊ͞Εɼਫͱͱ΋ʹҠಈ͠ʹ͍͘‫ܗ‬ଶʹͳͬͨͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ͜ͷ͜ͱλʔ͕߹ಉͰߦͬͨௐࠪͷ݁Ռʢࣰ‫ٶ‬Β, 2013ʣΛ঺հ

4.1 ௐࠪ஍ͱํ๏
ɹௐࠪ஍͸෱ౡ‫͋ʹࢢࢁ܊ݝ‬Δ෱ౡ‫ڀݚۀྛݝ‬ηϯλʔଟా໺ࢼ‫಺ྛݧ‬ͷྲྀҬ໘ੵ 1.2 ha ͷখྲྀҬʹઃఆͨ͠ɽ২ੜ͸εΪɾώϊΩਓ޻ྛͱམ༿޿༿थྛ͕ࠞࡏ͠
͍ͯΔɽද૚஍࣭͸࠭‫͓ؠ‬Αͼ‫ڽ‬փ‫͋Ͱؠ‬Γɼ౔৕͸࣭࠭ͳ‫׊‬৭৿ྛ౔Ͱ͋ΔɽྲྀҬ຤୺Ͱ‫ྲྀܢ‬ਫͷྲྀྔ‫؍‬ଌΛγϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूɹղઆɿ৿ྛʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷಈଶ

35

ʢ2012 ೥ 3 ݄ 20 ೔ ∼12 ݄ 11 ೔ͷ 267 ೔ؒʣͷ Cs-137
ྲྀग़ྔΛਪఆͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɼ೔Ӎྔ 5 mm Ҏ্ͷग़ਫ࣌
ʹ 84 % ͕ྲྀग़ͨ͠ͱ‫͞ࢉܭ‬Εͨɽ·ͨɼ೥ؒͷྲྀग़ྔ͸ɼߤۭ‫ػ‬ϞχλϦϯάʹΑΔ‫ݱ‬஍ͷ Cs ௜ணྔͷ໿ 0.3% ͱ‫͞ࢉܭ‬Εɼ‫΁֎ܥ‬ͷྲྀग़͸‫ݶ‬ఆతͰ͋ͬͨɽ
์ࣹੑ Cs ΛӡͿ‫ݒ‬୙෺ʹ͸ɼ߭෺ཻࢠ͚ͩͰͳ͘༗
‫ػ‬෺΋ࠞࡏ͍ͯ͠Δɽ߭෺ཻࢠ͕อ͍࣋ͯ͠Δ์ࣹੑCs ͸‫ݻ͘ڧ‬ఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔͱߟ͑ΒΕΔͨΊɼ͜Ε͕ྲྀग़ͯ͠΋༹ଘଶʹͳΔՄೳੑ͸௿͍ɽҰํɼ༗‫ػ‬෺͕์ࣹੑ Cs Λอ͍࣋ͯ͠Δ৔߹ɼྲྀग़‫ޙ‬ɼ෼ղͷաఔͰ์ࣹ
ੑ Cs ͕ϦϦʔε͞Ε༹ͯଘଶͱͳΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɽ༹ଘଶͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͸ɼԼྲྀͷਫҬੜଶ‫ܥ‬΍೶஍Ͱͷ෺࣭॥‫؀‬Λ௨ͯ͡ɼਫ࢈෺΍೶࡞෺ʹ஝ੵ͢Δ‫ڪ‬Ε͕͋Δɽ
‫ݒ‬୙ଶ༗‫ػ‬෺͕์ࣹੑ Cs ͷΩϟϦΞͱͯ͠Ͳͷఔ౓‫د‬༩͍ͯ͠Δ͔஌Δ͜ͱ͸ॏཁͳ՝୊Ͱ͋Δɽ

5. ͓ΘΓʹ
෱ౡ‫ʹނࣄൃݪ‬ΑΓ์ग़͞Εͨ์ࣹੑ Cs ͸ɼ৿ྛ಺ʹ͓͍ͯथ‫͔ף‬ΒϦλʔ૚΁ɼϦλʔ૚͔Β࣭߭౔৕૚
΁ࠁʑͱҠߦ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜ͷաఔʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɼ‫΁֎ܥ‬ͷྲྀग़͸‫ݶ‬ఆతͰ͋ͬͨɽྔతʹগͳ͍৿ྛ͔Βͷ์ࣹੑCs ͷྲྀग़͸ɼ‫ݒ‬୙ଶ͕ओମͰ͋Γɼ߱ӍʹΑΔ૿ਫʹͱ΋ͳ͍૿Ճͨ͠ɽ৿ྛ಺ͰͷਫΛհͨ͠์ࣹੑ Cs ͷҠ

Fig. 6 ଟా໺ࢼ‫ྛݧ‬ͷεΪɾώϊΩਓ޻ྛʹ͓͚Δྲྀྔɼ୙౓ɼ‫ݒ‬୙෺ೱ౓ɼCs-137 ೱ౓ͷ߱Ӎʹͱ΋ͳ͏มԽʢࣰ‫ٶ‬Βʢ2013ʣΛ‫࡞ʹݩ‬੒ʣɽಈɼ͢ͳΘͪྛ಺Ӎ͓ΑͼϦλʔ૚௨աਫʹΑΔҠಈͰߦ͏ͱͱ΋ʹɼࣗಈ࠾औ૷ஔͰ߱Ӎ࣌ͷ‫ྲྀܢ‬ਫΛ 2 L ͣ΋ɼ༹ଘଶͱͱ΋ʹ‫ݒ‬୙ଶͷ‫د‬༩͕ॏཁͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔ͬͨɽͭෳ਺ճ࠾औͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼ୙౓ηϯαʔʹΑΓ 10 ෼ִؒࠓ‫ޙ‬ɼྛ಺ӍɼϦλʔ૚௨աਫɼ‫ྲྀܢ‬ਫͷ͍ͣΕʹͭͰ୙౓Λࣗಈ‫ه‬࿥ͨ͠ɽՃ݄͑ͯʹ 1 ∼2 ճͷස౓Ͱແ͍ͯ΋ɼ༹ଘଶͱ‫ݒ‬୙ଶΛ۠ผͯ͠ Cs ҠಈྔΛ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ߱Ӎ࣌ͷਫ΋࠾औͨ͠ɽࢼྉ͸ແΖաͷ·· 2 L ϚϦωͱͱ΋ʹɼ‫ݒ‬୙෺ͷ૊੒ʢ༗‫ػ‬෺/߭෺ʣΛ໌Β͔ʹ͢Ϧ༰‫ʹث‬ೖΕɼήϧϚχ΢Ϝ൒ಋମ‫ݕ‬ग़‫ Ͱث‬Cs-137 ೱ౓Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ͞Βʹ͸ɼ‫ݒ‬୙෺͔Β์ࣹੑ Cs ͕཭୤Λଌఆͨ͠ɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼ޸‫ ܘ‬0.5 μ m ͷΨϥεણҡΖࢴΛ༹ͯ͠ଘଶʹมԽ͢Δ͔ɼมԽ͢Δ৔߹ͲͷΑ͏ͳ‫ߏػ‬

༻͍ͯΖա͠ɼ‫ݒ‬୙෺ೱ౓Λଌఆͨ͠ɽແΖաͰ Cs-137

͕ಇ͘ͷ͔Λ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ༹ଘଶʹ͕ؔͯ͠‫ݕ‬ग़͞Εͨࢼྉʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼΖա‫౓࠶ޙ‬ଌఆͨ͠ɽ

͸ɼ౔৕ਫɼ‫ྲྀܢ‬ਫதͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ೱ౓͸௿͘ɼ௨ৗͷଌ

4.2 ߱Ӎͱ์ࣹੑ Cs ྲྀग़ఆͷ‫ݕ‬ग़‫ݶ‬քʹຬͨͳ͍͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ɽͨͩ͠ɼ͜ͷ͜ͱແ߱Ӎ࣌ͷ‫ྲྀܢ‬ਫ͔Β͸์ࣹੑ Cs ͸‫ݕ‬ग़͞Εͳ͔ͬ͸Ҡಈྔɼྲྀग़ྔ͕θϩͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛҙຯ͠ͳ͍ɽଌఆ

ͨʢCs-137 ͷ‫ݕ‬ग़Լ‫ݶ‬͸ 0.5 Bq L−1 ɼҰ෦ࢼྉ͸ 0.07๏Λ޻෉ͯ͠ mBq L−1 Ϩϕϧͷଌఆ஋ΛಘΔ͜ͱ΋՝

Bq L−1 ʣɽҰํɼ߱Ӎ࣌ʹ࿈ଓ࠾औͨ͠ࢼྉʹ͸ Cs-137͕‫ݕ‬ग़͞ΕΔ΋ͷ͕͋ͬͨɽ2012 ೥ 5 ݄ 3 ೔ͷ૯Ӎྔ
158 mm ͷ߱ӍΠϕϯτ࣌ʹ͸ɼྲྀྔͷ૿Ճͱͱ΋ʹ‫ݒ‬୙෺͕૿Ճ͠ɼ͜ΕʹରԠͯ͠ Cs-137 ೱ౓΋্ঢͨ͠ʢFig. 6ʣɽ߱Ӎऴྃ‫ޙ‬ͷྲྀྔ͕௿‫͢ݮ‬ΔաఔͰ͸ɼ·ͩൺֱతྲྀྔ͕େ͖͍࣌఺Ͱ୙౓ɼ‫ݒ‬୙෺ೱ౓ɼCs-137 ೱ౓͕௿Լͨ͠ɽ߱ӍΠϕϯτ࣌ͷ Cs-137 ͕‫ݕ‬ग़͞Εͨ୊Ͱ͋Δɽ͜͜Ͱ͸औΓ্͛ͳ͔͕ͬͨɼ৿ྛ಺ͷҠߦࢼྉΛΖաͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɼೱ౓͕େ෯ʹ௿Լ͠ɼΖաલͷ৕ಈ෺͕ϦλʔΛഁࡅ͢Δաఔ͕͋Δɽ·ͨɼथ‫Ͱף‬͸

20 % ҎԼͷ஋ʹͳͬͨɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͸ɼ‫ྲྀܢ‬ਫ͔Βͷ์
ࣹੑ Cs ͷྲྀग़͸ओʹ‫ݒ‬୙෺ʹΑΔ΋ͷͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛ͍ࣔͯ͠ΔɽҎ্ͷΑ͏ͳ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷྲྀग़ͷ༷ࣜ͸ɼͦՆ‫ʹق‬͸ࠛ஬ྨ͕༿Λઁ৯ͯ͠ଟྔͷฅΛഉग़͍ͯ͠Δͷ‫ޙ‬ͷ߱ӍΠϕϯτ࣌ʹ͓͍ͯ΋ಉ༷Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ

૊Έ͕ඞཁʹͳΖ͏ɽͰ͸ɼथ‫͔ף‬ΒͷϦλʔϑΥʔϧ΋ॏཁͰ͋Δʢ‫ཹٱ‬Β,

2013ʣɽ
͞Βʹɼ༹ଘଶɼ‫ݒ‬୙ଶͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ೱ౓Λ‫ن‬ఆ͢ΔཁҼɼಛʹੜ෺ͷؔ༩Λ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δ͜ͱ΋ॏཁͰ͋Δɽྫ͑͹ɼϦλʔ૚ʹ͓͚Δ༗‫ػ‬෺ͷ෼ղͰ͸ɼඍੜ෺ͷ࡞༻ʹΑΓແ‫ػ‬Խ͞Εͯ੒෼༹͕͚ग़Δաఔͷલʹɼ౔

Ͱ͋Ζ͏ɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳաఔ͸‫ݒ‬୙෺ͷੜ੒ʹؔ༩͍ͯ͠
Δͱ༧૝͞ΕΔ͕ɼͦͷղ໌ʹ͸৽͍͠ख๏ʹΑΔऔΓ‫ݒ‬୙෺ೱ౓Λද͢୙౓ͱ Cs-137 ೱ౓ͷؒʹ͸໌ྎͳ෱ౡ‫͔ނࣄൃݪ‬Β 3 ೥͕‫ܦ‬ա͕ͨ͠ɼCs-137 ͕൒‫ظݮ‬ؔ܎͕ೝΊΒΕͨɽͦ͜Ͱɼࣗ‫هه‬࿥ʹΑΔ࿈ଓσʔΛܴ͑Δʹ͸͞Βʹ 27 ೥Λཁ͢Δɽ‫ʹނࣄൃݪ‬ΑΓ৿λ͕ಘΒΕ͍ͯΔ୙౓ͱྲྀྔͷσʔλ͔Β‫؍‬ଌ‫ؒظ‬தྛʹԿ͕‫͖ͨى‬ͷ͔ɼ‫͍͖ͯى‬Δͷ͔ɼ͜ΕΛ໌Β͔ʹ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)36ͯ͠‫ࡏݱ‬ͷରࡦʹ໾ཱͯΔͱͱ΋ʹɼ௕‫ظ‬తͳϞχλϦจ ෦ Պ ֶ ল (2011): ์ ࣹ ઢ ྔ ౳ ෼ ෍ Ϛ ο ϓ. http//ramap.

ϯάʹ‫هͮ͘ج‬࿥Λ‫͚ͳ͑఻ʹੈޙ‬Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɽͦ͜
Ͱ͸෼໺Λ௒͑ͨ࿈‫͕ܞ‬๬·ΕΔɽ

jaea.go.jp/map/(֬ೝ 2014/1/10)
Nakanishi, T., Matsunaga, T., Koarashi, J. and Atarashi-Andoh,
M. (2014):

ँࣙ

137 Csvertical migration in a deciduous for-est soil following the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power
Plant accident. J. Environ. Radioactivity, 128: 9-14, doi:ຊղઆΛ·ͱΊΔʹ͋ͨΓɼ৿ྛ૯߹‫ॴڀݚ‬ͷߴ‫ڮ‬ਖ਼

10.1016/j.envrad.2013.10.019.

௨ࢯɼۚࢠਅ࢘ࢯɼ௶ࢁྑ෉ࢯɼࣰ‫ٶ‬Ղथࢯ͔Β͝ॿ‫ݴ‬೶ ྛ ਫ ࢈ ল (2013):ʢ ผ ఴ ʣ৿ ྛ ಺ ͷ ์ ࣹ ੑ ෺ ࣭Λ͍͍ͨͩͨɽ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ෼ੳͰ͸ɼ৿ྛ૯߹‫ॴڀݚ‬ͷ ෼ ෍ ঢ় ‫ گ‬ௐ ࠪ ݁ Ռ ʹ ͭ ͍ ͯ. http://www.rinya.

ͷ੺྄ؒ෉ࢯɼ஑ాॏਓࢯʹ͝‫͍͍ͨͩͨྗڠ‬ɽ

maff.go.jp/j/press/kenho/pdf/130329-01.pdf (֬ೝ 2014/1/31)

ͳ͓ɼୈ 3 ষͷσʔλͷҰ෦͸ɼ೶ྛਫ࢈ল೶ྛਫ࢈

Rafferty, B., Brennan, B., Dawson, D. and Dowding, D. (2000):ٕज़ձٞҕୗϓϩδΣΫτʮ৿ྛ಺ͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ʹ༝དྷ

Mechanisms of 137 Cs migration in coniferous forest soils. J.

͢ΔӨ‫ڹ‬Λ௿‫ͤ͞ݮ‬Δٕज़ͷ։ൃʯʹΑͬͯऔಘͨ͠ɽ

Environ. Radioactivity, 48: 131–143.
Reimann, C. and de Caritat, P. (1998): Chemical elements in the͜͜ʹ‫ँͯ͠ه‬ҙΛද͢ɽɹenvironment: factsheets for the geochemist and environmentalҾ༻จ‫ݙ‬

scientist. pp.100–103, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg.
ࣰ‫ٶ‬Ղथ, ‫ۄ‬Ҫ޾࣏, খྛ੓޿, େ؏༃ߒ, ਗ਼ਫ‫و‬ൣ, ൧ాਅҰ, ԆBunzl, K., Schimmack, W., Kreutzer, K. and Schierl, R. (1989):

ኍཽ඙, ᖒ໺ਅ࣏, ௶ࢁྑ෉, යాརल (2013): ৿ྛ͔Βͷྲྀ

Interception and retention of Chernobyl-derived 134 Cs, 137 Csग़ਫʹ‫·ؚ‬ΕΔ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ͷಈଶ. ؔ౦৿ྛ‫ڀݚ‬, 64: 53–56.

and 106 Ru in a spruce stand. Sci. Total Environ., 78: 77–87.

Tegen, I. and Dörr, H. (1996): mobilization of cesium in organic

Hashimoto, S., Ugawa, S., Nanko, K. and Shich, K. (2012):

rich soils: Correlation with production of dissolved organiccarbon. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 88: 133–144.

The total amounts of radioactively contaminated materials inforests in Fukushima, Japan. Scientiﬁc Reports, 2: 416, doi:௩ా঵จ, ௗࢁ࿨৳, ࢁ‫ࢠلޱ‬, ෢ాɹߊ, தඌɹ३, ‫ٱాݪ‬෋ඒ,ߴ‫ڮ‬஌೭, ࢁ্ɹກ, খྛେี, ٢ాɹ૱, ਿࢁӳஉ, ࣲాɹঘ10.1038/srep00416.

(2011): ౔৕-২෺‫͚͓ʹܥ‬Δ์ࣹੑ֩छͷ‫ڍ‬ಈ. ౔৕ංྉֶ

‫ޗܠཹٱ‬, Ըా༟Ұ, Տकɹา, Ճ౻߂྄ (2013): མ༿޿༿थ-Ξࡶࢽ, 82: 408–418.

ΧϚπࠞަྛ͓ΑͼεΪਓ޻ྛʹ͓͚Δམ༿ʹ൐͏์ࣹੑ

௼ాཽ໵, ٢ӬलҰ࿠, Ѩ෦ढ़෉ (2005): ϙʔϥεϓϨʔτ · ςηγ΢ϜͷҠߦ. ೔ຊ৿ྛֶձࢽ, 95(5): 267–274.

ϯγϣϯϥΠγϝʔλ๏ʹΑΔ౔৕ਫͷ೥Ҡಈྔͷଌఆ. ౔

IAEA(2006): Environmental consequences of the Chernobyl ac-৕ͷ෺ཧੑ, 101: 51–56.

cident and their remediation: Twenty years of experience. Reports of the Chernobyl forum experts group ’Environment’,

Winkelbauer, J., Volkel, J., Leopold, M., Hurkamp, K. and Dehos, R. (2012): The vertical distribution of Cs-137 in Bavar-

Radiological Assessment Reports Series.
ۚࢠਅ࢘ (2012): ৿ྛʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹೳԚછௐࠪ. ৿ྛՊֶ, 65:

ian forest soils. Eur. J. Forest Res., 131: 1585–1599. doi:
10.1007/s10342-012-0626-5.

35–38.
Kato, H., Onda, Y. and Gomi, T. (2012): Interception of theࢁ‫ࢠلޱ‬, ߴా༟հ, ྛ݈ଠ࿠, ੴ઒ɹ֮, ૔ມਖ਼ਓ, ߐ‫ޱ‬ఆ෉, ٢

Fukushima reactor accident-derived 137 Cs, 134 Cs and 131 I

઒লࢠ, ࡔ‫ޱ‬ɹರ, ேాɹ‫ܠ‬, ࿨ӱ࿕ଠ, ຀໺஌೭, ੺Ӌ‫ࢠز‬,by coniferous forest canopies. Geophysical Res. Letters, 39:ฏ‫ؘ‬ढ़ଠ࿠ (2012): ౔৕-২෺‫͚͓ʹܥ‬Δ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝͷ

L20403, doi: 10.1029/2012GL052928.

‫ڍ‬ಈͱͦͷมಈཁҼ. ೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫ॴڀݚ‬ใࠂ, 31: 75–129.

ཁࢫ౦‫ྗిژ‬෱ౡୈҰ‫ʹނࣄൃݪ‬ΑΓ޿ൣғͷ৿ྛ͕์ࣹೳԚછ͞Εͨɽ௕‫ظ‬తͳӨ‫ݒ͕ڹ‬೦͞ΕΔ์ࣹੑ
ηγ΢ϜʢCsʣ͸ɼ৿ྛʹ͓͍ͯ͸ࣄ‫͔ނ‬Β໿ 5 ϲ݄‫ޙ‬ͷ 2011 ೥ 8 ∼ 9 ݄ʹ͸େ෦෼͕थ‫ͨ·ף‬͸Ϧλʔ૚ʹ෼෍͍͕ͯͨ͠ɼͦͷ‫ ޙ‬1 ೥‫ܦ‬ա͢ΔؒʹҠߦ͠ɼ࣭߭౔৕ʹଘࡏ͢Δׂ߹͕૿Ճͨ͠ɽࣄ‫ނ‬௚‫ޙ‬ͷྛ಺Ӎதͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͸େ෦෼༹͕ଘଶͰ͋ͬͨɽྛ಺Ӎ͓ΑͼϦλʔ૚௨աਫதͷ์ࣹੑ Cs
ೱ౓͸࣌ؒͷ‫ܦ‬աͱͱͱ΋ʹ௿Լ͕ͨ͠ɼՆ‫্ʹق‬ঢ͢Δ͜ͱ͕͋Γɼ͜ͷͱ͖͸‫ݒ‬୙ଶͷ‫د‬༩͕େ͖͘ͳͬͨɽ৿ྛ͔Βͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷྲྀग़͸ɼ߱ӍʹΑΓ૿ਫͯ͠‫ݒ‬୙෺ೱ౓্͕ঢ͢Δͱ૿Ճͨ͠ɽྲྀ
ग़ਫதͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷେ෦෼͸‫ݒ‬୙ଶͰ͋ͬͨɽ2012 ೥ 3 ݄͔Βͷ 9 ϲ݄ؒʹ͓͚Δ৿ྛ͔Βͷ์ࣹੑCs ͷྲྀग़ྔ͸ɼྲྀҬͷ௜ணྔͷ 0.3 % ͱਪఆ͞ΕͨɽΩʔϫʔυɿ৿ྛ, ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝ, Ҡߦ, ౔৕, ਫシンポジウム特集

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.

ゎࠉㄝ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

LecturesNo. 126, p.37 ∼ 43 (2014)౔৕தͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷҠಈ੢ଜɹ୓ 1

Migration of radioactive Cs in soil
Taku NISHIMURA1

1. ͸͡Ίʹ

༰ྔ͸ 0.013 ∼ 4.9 mmol kg−1ʢDalvaux et al., 2000ʣͱ

2011 ೥ 3 ݄ͷ෱ౡୈҰ‫ॴిൃྗࢠݪ‬ͷࣄ‫ʹڥ؀Ͱނ‬͍ͬͨใࠂʢMaes et al., 1985ʣ͕͋Γɼ௨ৗͷ౔৕ͷཅ์ग़͞Εͨ์ࣹੑ෺࣭͸ɼ޿Ҭͷ‫ڥ؀‬Ԛછ໰୊ʹͳͬͯΠΦϯަ‫׵‬༰ྔͱൺ΂Δͱ͔ͳΓখ͍͞ɽ͔͠͠ɼ౔৕

͍Δɽࠓ·Ͱ‫ؔྗࢠݪ‬࿈෼໺Ҏ֎Ͱ͸͋·Γର৅ͱ͞Εʹෛՙ͞ΕΔ์ࣹੑͷ 137 Cs ͕౔৕ 1 kg ͋ͨΓ 100 ສͯ͜ͳ͔ͬͨ‫ݩ‬ૉʢCs ΍ Srʣ͕ର৅Ͱ͋ΔͨΊʹͦͷे෼ʹཧղͨ͠ରࡦΛߨ͡Δ͜ͱ͕ࣄ‫ ޙނ‬2 ೥Ҏ্ͨͬ

Bq ͷͱ͖ɼ࣭ྔ͋ͨΓͷϞϧೱ౓ʹ‫͢ࢉ׵‬Δͱɼ137 Cs
ͷೱ౓͸ 2.67 × 10−8 mmol kg−1ʢ ≈ 0.004 ppbʣఔ౓ͱ͞Βʹখ͞ͳ஋ʹͳΔɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼ100 ೔୯Ґͷे෼௕͍࣌ؒΛ͔͚Ε͹ɼ΄ͱΜͲͷ Cs ͸ FES ʹ‫ٵ‬ண͞Ε
Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ͢ͳΘͪɼ౔৕΁ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ٵ‬ணྔ͸ɼCs ೱ౓͕े෼௿͘ɼ·ͨɼ൓Ԡ࣌ؒΛे෼ʹͱΔͱ͍͏৚݅ͷԼͰ͋Ε͹ɼӷ૬ͷೱ౓ͱ FES ͷྔʹΑͬͨ‫Ͱࡏݱ‬΋‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ

͓͓ͯΑ͕ܾͦ·Δɽͦ͜Ͱɼઢ‫ٵܗ‬ணΛԾఆ͠ɼͦͷ͍͏ࢼࢉ΍ϞϯϞϦϩφΠτͷ CEC ͷ 0.0002 % ఔ౓ͱಈଶ͕े෼ʹΘ͔͍ͬͯͳ͍͜ͱɼ์ࣹੑͷ 137 Cs ͷ൒‫͕ظݮ‬໿ 30 ೥ͱ௕͍͜ͱͳͲͷཧ༝Ͱ୹‫Ͱؒظ‬͸ऩଋ͠ͳ͍໰୊ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ೶஍ɼ৿ྛͷআછʹΑͬͯੜ
͡Δ์ࣹੑ༗‫ػ‬ഇ‫غ‬෺ͷ؅ཧɼ৿ྛ͔Β೶஍ɼ୐஍΁ͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ͷҠಈͳͲΛߟ͑Δͱɼ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ͷಈଶΛ

2. ౔৕தʹ͓͚Δ Cs ͷ‫ڍ‬ಈηγ΢ϜʢCs+ ʣ͸‫ ྔࢠݪ‬132 ͷେ͖ͳΞϧΧϦۚଐͰɼΠΦϯ൒‫͕ܘ‬େ͖͍ʢ0.169 nmʣͨΊਫ࿨͠೉͍ɽ
͜Ε͕ɼ౔৕தͷ Cs ͕ैདྷɼ೶ֶ‫ܥ‬ͷ౔৕෼໺Ͱର৅ͱ
͖ͯͨ͠ Na ΍ॏۚଐΠΦϯͱ͸ҟͳΔৼΔ෣͍Λࣔ͢‫ݪ‬Ҽͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɽCs ͸ɼ೪౔ཻࢠද໘ͷέΠૉ࢛໘ମൺྫఆ਺Λ෼഑܎਺ʢKd ʣͱ‫ͱͿݺ‬ɼ࣮‫ेͰ಺ࣨݧ‬෼࣌ؒΛ͔͚ͨ‫ٵ‬ணࢼ‫ݧ‬΋͘͠͸୤ணࢼ‫Ͱݧ‬͸ɼฏߧͱΈͳ
ͤΔঢ়ଶͷ Cs ͷ෼഑܎਺͕ඇৗʹେ͖ͳ஋Λࣔ͢ʢFig.
1; ੴ઒ଞ, 2007ʣɽ‫ݻ‬૬ೱ౓ 1 g L−1 ͷ౔৕‫ݒ‬୙ӷΛߟ͑
ΔɽKd = 1000 L kg−1 ͷ࣌ɼ‫ٵ‬ணฏߧʹୡ͍ͯ͠Δ‫ݒ‬୙ӷதͷ Cs ΠΦϯͷೱ౓Λ 1 μ mol L−1 ͱ͢Δͱɼ͜Εʹ
ର͢Δ౔ཻࢠͷ Cs ‫ٵ‬ணྔ͸ 1 μ mol g−1 ͱͳΓɼ‫ݒ‬୙ӷ૚ͷ࿡һ‫؀‬ʢSiloxane Ditrigonal Cavity, SDCʣ΍ Frayed

Edge SiteʢFESʣʹબ୒తʹ‫͘ڧ‬อ࣋͞ΕΔʢͨͱ͑͹ࢁ‫ޱ‬ଞ, 2012ʣɽ௨ৗ 2 ՁͷཅΠΦϯ͸ 1 ՁͷཅΠΦϯΑΓ΋ަ‫׵‬બ୒ੑ͕ߴ͍ͱ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͕ɼ૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺ͷ૚ؒʹ K ΍ Cs ͕͋Δఔ౓Ҏ্ೖͬͯ͠·͏ͱɼ૚͕ؒ 1 ∼ 1.8 nmʢ10 ∼ 10.8 Åʣʹऩॖͯ͠͠·͍ɼͦͷ݁Ռɼਫ࿨͍ͯͯ͠େ͖͍ Ca2+ ΠΦϯ͸૚ঢ়έΠࢎԘ߭෺ͷ૚ؒ಺෦ʹೖΕͣɼ૚ؒʹ͋Δ K ΍ Cs ͱ Ca ͷަ‫͕׵‬ਐߦ͠ͳ͘ͳΔʢComans et al., 1991ʣɽ
౔৕ͱ౔৕‫ݒ‬୙ӷதͷཅΠΦϯͷΠΦϯަ‫׵‬͸ɼӷ૬தͷΠΦϯΛӷ૬ͱ‫ݻ‬૬ʢ౔ཻࢠද໘ʣ΁෼഑͢Δ൓Ԡ
Ͱ͋Δɽ·ͨɼ͜ͷΠΦϯަ‫ʹ׵‬Αͬͯӷ૬தͷ Cs ΠΦϯ͕‫ݮ‬Δ‫ݱ‬৅ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼCs ͷ౔৕΁ͷ‫ٵ‬ணͱΈͳ͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔɽCs Λ΄ͱΜͲෆՄ‫ʹٯ‬อ࣋͢Δ FES ͷ
1 Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of ɹTokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan. Corresponding
authorɿ ੢ଜ ୓, ౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պ
2013 ೥ 12 ݄ 27 ೔डߘɹ 2014 ೥ 3 ݄ 6 ೔डཧ

Fig. 1 ೪౔‫ ͱྔؚ‬Kd ͷ૬ؔʢੴ઒ଞ, 2007ʣɽ38౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ৔߹ɼΠΦϯଶͷ Cs ͷҠಈ͸ແࢹͰ͖Ұ‫ॴిൃྗࢠݪ‬ͷࣄ‫ ޙނ‬2 ೥Ҏ্͕‫ܦ‬ա͠ɼ౔৕ʹ͓͚
Δ Cs ͷଟ͘͸ɼFES ΍ SDC ͱ͍ͬͨɼબ୒ੑͷߴ͍αΔɽ͔͠͠ɼେ͖ͳ෼഑܎਺Λࣔ͢‫ٵ‬ணαΠτʹ͸‫ݶ‬քΠτʹอ࣋͞Ε͍ͯΔͱߟ͑ΒΕΔ͕ɼଞํɼ༗‫ػ‬෺ʹதͷ Cs ͸ɼ΄΅͢΂ͯ౔ཻࢠʹ‫ٵ‬ண͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱʹͳ͕͋ΓɼCs ͷೱ౓͕ߴ͘ͳΔͱ෼഑܎਺͕খ͘͞ͳΔͱ

෇ண͍ͯͨ͠ Cs ͕༗‫ػ‬෺ͷ෼ղʹΑͬͯӷ૬ʹ์ग़͍͞͏ใࠂ͕͍ͭ͘΋͞Ε͍ͯΔʢͨͱ͑͹ Staunton andΕͨΓɼ͕ࠜ౔৕தͷ Cs Λ‫͏ٵ‬աఔͰ͸ Cs ͕ΠΦϯͱ

Roubaud, 1997ʣɽͯ͠ӷ૬ʹଘࡏ͢Δ͜ͱ΋ґવͱͯ͠૝ఆ͞ΕΔɽ

্ड़ͨ͠Α͏ʹ౔৕ʹ͓͍ͯ FES ͷ༰ྔ͸খ͘͞ɼ·ͨɼ೪౔ཻࢠͷ୺෦ۙ๣ʹภͬͯଘࡏ͍ͯ͠ΔɽͦͷͨΊɼਫҠಈʹͱ΋ͳͬͯ೪౔पลʹ౸ୡͨ͠ Cs ΠΦϯ

3. ίϩΠυͷ‫د‬༩ͷແ͍ Cs Ҡಈ— ΠΦϯަ‫༹࣭ͱ׵‬Ҡಈͷ஗Ԇ —ͷશ͕ͯॠ࣌ʹ FES ʹอ࣋͞ΕΔͱ͸ߟ͑ʹ͍͘ɽͦΕΑΓ͸ɼ೪౔ཻࢠۙ๣ʹདྷͨ Cs ΠΦϯ͕ɼ೪౔ද໘ʹΠΦϯަ‫ʹ׵‬ΑΔର৅ΠΦϯʢ͜͜Ͱ͸ Csʣͷӷ૬ͷఴͬͯҠಈ͢ΔதʢAharoni and Sparks, 1991ʣɼFES ʹೱ౓ͷ‫ݮ‬গΛΠΦϯͷ‫ٵ‬ணͱΈͳ͠ɼ‫ٵ‬ண౳ԹઢΛʢ1ʣ౸ୡͨ͠΋ͷ͚͕ͩɼ‫ั͘ڧ‬ଊ͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳΔͱߟ͑ࣜͷ༷ʹߟ͑Δ

S = KdC

Δํ͕߹ཧతͰ͋Δɽैདྷͷ෼഑܎਺ܾఆͰ͸൓Ԡ࣌ؒ(1)Λे෼ʹ༩͑Δόονࢼ‫ߦͰݧ‬ΘΕ͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕ଟ͘ɼ
౔தͷਫͷྲྀΕʹͱ΋ͳͬͯੜ͡Δඵ͔Β࣌ؒεέʔϧͷ୹࣌ؒͷΠΦϯަ‫ݱ׵‬৅ʹରͯ͠ɼFES ΍ SDC ͷ‫د‬༩͕‫·ؚ‬ΕΔฏߧ࣌ͷ෼഑܎਺Λ୯७ʹద༻͢Δ͜ͱʹ͍ͭͯ͸ٙ໰͕࢒Δɽ

Tippen and Millerʢ2005ʣ͸෼ࢠಈྗֶͷ਺஋γϛϡϨʔγϣϯΛద༻ͯ͠ɼϞϯϞϦϩφΠτ೪౔ද໘ʹ͓͍ͯਫ࿨͠೉͍ Cs ΑΓ΋ਫ࿨͠΍͍͢ K ͷํ͕ਫʹ෼഑͞Ε΍͍͢ɼ͢ͳΘͪ౔ཻࢠ͔Β‫ݟ‬Δͱ Cs ͷํ͕ K ΑΓ΋਌࿨ੑ͕ߴ͍͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ɽϞσϧதͰ͸ɼ

FES ʹ Cs ͕ర·Δͱ͍͏Α͏ͳ‫ݱ‬৅͸ߟྀ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ͨΊɼ೪౔ཻࢠʹ͓͍ͯ FES Ͱ͸ͳ͘ฏ໘෦ʹ͓͚Δ

ΛԾఆ͢Δɽ͜͜Ͱ Sɿ‫ٵ‬ணྔ [M M−1 ]ɼKd ɿ෼഑܎਺

[L3 M−1 ]ɼCɿӷ૬ͷ༹࣭ೱ౓ [M L−3 ]ɽ

‫ٵ‬ணྔͷ୯Ґ࣌ؒ౰ͨΓͷ૿෼͸ɼಉ࣌ؒ͡ʹ͓͚Δ
ӷ૬ͷ༹࣭ೱ౓ͷ‫ݮ‬গͱ౳͍͠ͷͰɼ༹࣭ҠಈͷҠྲྀ෼ࢄํఔࣜʹ୯Ґମੵ౰ͨΓͷ༹࣭ͷ૿‫ݮ‬Λ༙͖ग़͠‫͍ٵ‬ࠐΈ߲ͱͯ͠Ճ͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ



∂ θC
∂
∂C
∂S
Ds
=
− qwC − ρd
∂t
∂x
∂x
∂t

(2)

͜͜Ͱ θ ɿମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ [L3 L−3 ]ɼDs ɿ༹࣭෼ࢄ܎਺ [L2T−1 ]ɼqw ɿ౔தਫͷؒܺྲྀ଎ [L T−1 ]ɼρd ɿ౔৕ͷ‫ס‬૩ΠΦϯަ‫ؔ͢ʹ׵‬Δ৘ใΛఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ ີ౓ [M L−3 ]ɼt ɿ࣌ؒ [T]ɼxɿྲྀΕํ޲ͷۭؒ࠲ඪ [L]
Brouwer et al.ʢ1983ʣ͸ɼΠϥΠτ೪౔Λ༻͍࣮ͨ‫ ݁ݧ‬ʢ2ʣࣜӈลୈ 2 ߲ΛࠨลʹҠ߲ͯ͠੔ཧ͢Δͱɼ౔தਫ
Ռ͔ΒɼCs ͕ΞΫηε͠΍͍͢ฏ໘෦ʢIIIʣɼͱ 2 ஈ֊ͷҠಈʹର͢Δ༹࣭Ҡಈͷ஗ΕͷࢦඪͱͳΔ஗Ԇ܎਺ R
ͷ‫ Ͱ͞ڧ‬Cs Λัଊ͢ΔαΠτʢIIʣɼʢIʣͷ 3 ͭʹ‫ٵ‬ணρd ∂ SρdαΠτΛ੔ཧ͠ɼI < II < III ͷॱͰ‫ٵ‬ணՄೳͳαΠτྔR = 1+(3)= 1 + Kdθ ∂Cθ͕૿͑ΔҰํͰ III ͔Β I ʹ޲͚ͯଞͷΠΦϯʹର͢Δ
Cs ͷબ୒ੑ͕૿͢͜ͱΛࣔࠦͨ͠ɽ൴Β͸αΠτʢIʣɼ
ʢIIʣʹ‫ٵ‬ண͢Δ Cs ͸ਫ࿨͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ͱͯ͠ɼ۩ମతͳ

͕ಘΒΕΔɽ‫ٵ‬ண౳Թઢʹʢ4ʣࣜͷΑ͏ʹ‫ٵ‬ணҐஔͱͯ͠ FES Λ͍ࣔࠦͯ͠Δɽ·ͨɼัଊ͕ऑ͍
ͱ͸͍͑ɼαΠτʢIIIʣʹ‫ٵ‬ண͍ͯ͠Δ Cs ͸ɼCs-K ΠΦϯަ‫͍͓ͯʹ׵‬ɼ25 % ఔ౓Λ઎ΊɼແࢹͰ͖ΔྔͰ
͸ͳ͍ɽComans et al.ʢ1991ʣͷ࣮‫݁ݧ‬Ռ΋ Brouwer etal.ʢ1983ʣͱໃ६ͷແ͍΋ͷͰ͋ͬͨͱಉ࣌ʹɼαΠτʢIIIʣ͸ൺֱత଎͍ΠΦϯަ‫ʹ׵‬ɼαΠτʢIʣ͸஗͍ΠΦϯަ‫دʹ׵‬༩͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ɽଞํɼComans andHockleyʢ1992ʣ͸ɼॠ࣌ฏߧɼ଎͍൓Ԡɼ஗͍൓Ԡͱ଎
͞ͷҟͳΔ 3 ͭͷΠΦϯަ‫׵‬ΛԾఆͨ͠ϞσϧΛ࣮ଌͨ͠ Cs ‫ٵ‬ணྔʹద༻͠ɼ଎͍൓Ԡ͕࣌ؒ୯Ґɼ஗͍൓Ԡ
͕ 100 ೔୯ҐͰ͋ͬͨ͜ͱΛใࠂ͍ͯ͠ΔɽҎ্Λ౿·͑ΔͱɼਫͷྲྀΕͱ‫ʹڞ‬ੜ͡ΔΑ͏ͳ౔தͷ Cs ͷҠಈʹ͓͍ͯɼे෼࣌ؒΛ͔͚ͨࢼ‫ݧ‬؅಺Ͱੜ
͡Δ FES ΍ SDC ʹΑΔัଊͱ͸ҟͳΔΠΦϯަ‫׵‬ͷ‫د‬༩͕େ͖͍Մೳੑ͸෷১Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɽͦͷ৔߹ɼ೪౔ཻࢠ
ฏ໘෦ʹੜ͡Δ͍ΘΏΔ௨ৗͷΠΦϯަ‫׵‬ͷΑ͏ͳ଎͍

Fig. 2 ΠΦϯछʹΑΔ‫ٵ‬ண౳Թઢͷҧ͍ʢຌྫ͸ɺM+ -ަ‫ ͕׵‬Cs ͷҠಈͷ஗ԆΛܾΊΔͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ෱ౡୈ‫߹ڝ‬ΠΦϯछʣɽγϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूɹղઆɿ౔৕தͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷҠಈ

39

Table 1 ‫ͨ͠༻࢖ʹࢉܭ‬ύϥϝʔλ.

θr
0.1

θs
0.633

α
(cm−1 )

n

0.01

2

Ks
(cm d−1 )

L

6.5

0.5

ਫதͷ֦ࢄ܎਺

(cm2 d−1 )kd(L kg−1 )β‫ס‬૩ີ౓

(cm)
0.1

1.12

Fig.3 ࢀরFig.3 ࢀর

0.88

෼ࢄ௕

(g cm−3 )Fig. 2 ͸ɼ1 Ձ-1 ՁͷཅΠΦϯަ‫׵‬ฏߧ౳ԹઢͳΒͼʹ 2 Ձͷ Ca ͕‫߹ڝ‬ΠΦϯͰ͋Δͱ͖ͷ Ca-Cs ͷΠΦϯަ‫׵‬ฏߧ౳ԹઢͰ͋Δɽฏߧఆ਺͸͍ͣΕ΋ Appelo andPostmaʢ2005ʣ಺ͷΠΦϯަ‫׵‬ͷ൓ԠΤωϧΪʔʹ‫ͮج‬͍ͯࢉग़ͨ͠΋ͷͰ FES ΍ SDC ͷ‫د‬༩͸ߟྀ͍ͯ͠ͳ
͍ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽॳ‫ ʹظ‬Na ͕͋Δ‫ ʹܥ‬Cs, K, Li ΛՃ͑ͨͱ͖ͷ CsɼK, Li ͷ‫ٵ‬ணͷҧ͍͸ɼਫ࿨ͷఔ౓ʢCs ʻ
K ʻ Liʣʹ‫ى‬Ҽ͢Δ΋ͷͰɼ͜Ε͸ɼ೪౔ཻࢠͷฏ໘෦ʹ͓͚ΔՄ‫ͳٯ‬ΠΦϯަ‫׵‬ʢ‫ٵ‬ணʣΛ൓ө͢Δ΋ͷͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽਫ࿨ͷఔ౓͕গͳ͍΋ͷʢCs, Kʣ͸ɼӷ૬ͷΠΦϯೱ౓ʹରͯ͠‫ٵ‬ணྔ͕ತͷ‫ܗ‬Λࣔ͢ͷʹରͯ͠ɼΠΦϯͷՁ਺͕ߴ͍ͨΊʹબ୒ੑ͕ߴ͘ͳΔͱߟ͑ΒΕ
Δ Ca ͱ‫͢߹ڝ‬Δͱ͖ɼCs ͷ‫ٵ‬ணྔ͸ӷ૬ͷΠΦϯೱ౓ʹରͯ͠Ԝͷ‫ܗ‬Λࣔ͢ɽCs, K Λॳ‫ ʹظ‬Na Λ‫ؚ‬Ή౔৕
Fig. 3 Kd = 1000 L kg−1 ͷ Freundlich ‫ٵ‬ண౳Թઢͷྫɽʹ༩͑ͨ৔߹ɼ௿ೱ౓ҬͰ΋ੵ‫ۃ‬తʹΠΦϯަ‫͕׵‬ੜ͡
Δ͕ɼॳ‫ʹظ‬બ୒ੑͷߴ͍ΠΦϯʢCaʣ͕͋Δ౔৕ʹબ୒ੑͷ௿͍ΠΦϯΛ༩͑ͨ৔߹ɼ͋Δఔ౓Ҏ্ͷೱ౓ʹͳΒͳ͍ͱΠΦϯަ‫͕׵‬ਐߦ͠ͳ͍ɽ
‫ࡏݱ‬໰୊ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔ౔தͷ Cs ͷೱ౓͸ඇৗʹ௿͘ɼ҆ఆͳ Cs Λ෼ੳ͢Δ‫ثػ‬ͷଌఆϨϯδΛԼճΔ͜ͱ͕
ଟ͍ɽͦͷͨΊɼ์ࣹੑ Cs Λ NaI ΍ Ge ൒ಋମΛ༻͍ͨεϖΫτϩϝʔλʔΛ༻͍ͯఆྔ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ·ͨɼ์ࣹੑ Cs Λ౔৕ʹఴՃ͢Δ࣮‫ͦݧ‬ͷ΋ͷ͕Ԛછ౔৕
Λഉग़ͯ͠͠·͏ɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ࢥߟ࣮‫ͯ͠ͱݧ‬ɼFig. 3 ͷΑ͏ʹ༹ӷೱ౓ 1 mmol L−1 ʹରͯ͠‫ٵ‬ணྔ 1000 mmol

kg−1 ͱ͍͏ 1 ఺ͷ‫ٵ‬ணσʔλ͕͋Δ৔߹ɼઢ‫ܗ‬ͷ‫ٵ‬ண౳Թઢͱ༹ӷதͷ Cs ೱ౓ʹରͯ͠ತ΋͘͠͸Ԝͷ‫ۂ‬ઢΛࣔ͢ Freundlich ࣜΛԾఆͨ͠ͱ͖ͷ౔தͷΠΦϯͷҠಈΛ‫ͯ͠ࢉܭ‬ΈΔɽ‫ࢉܭ‬͸ɼHydrus1D Ver. 4.14 Ͱߦͬͨɽ௕͞ 10.8 cm
ͷ౔৕ΧϥϜͷ্୺ 5 mm ͷ෦෼ʹ 1 mmol L−1 ͷೱ౓Fig. 4 ‫ٵ‬ண౳Թઢͷҧ༹͍͕୤։࢝‫ ޙ‬1, 2, 90 ೔‫ޙ‬ͷ౔தͷ Cs ෼෍ʹ༩͑ΔӨ‫ڹ‬ͷྫ ʢKd ͷ୯Ґ͸ L kg−1 ʣɽͷ Cs+ Λॳ‫ظ‬৚݅ͱͯ͠༩͑ɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼ๞࿨ঢ়ଶͰ Cs
ೱ౓θϩͷਫΛਁಁͤ͞ΔɽਫͷྲྀΕͷ‫ڥ‬ք৚݅͸ΧϥϜ্୺ʹਫ໘͕͋ΓɼԼ୺͸ਫѹޯ഑θϩͱͨ͠ɽ͜ͷͱ͖ΧϥϜ಺ͷਫͷྲྀΕ͸๞࿨ͷॏྗྲྀΕʹͳΔɽ౔৕

S=

kdCβ
1 + η Cβͷਫཧֶతੑ࣭͸ɼvan Genuchten ࣜΛ༻͍දʹࣔͨ͠

(4)

Freundlich ࣜʢη = 0ʣ΍ Langmuir ࣜʢη = 0ʣΛߟ͑Δͱɼ஗Ԇ܎਺ R ͸ɼρdR = 1+
θ
kd β ·Cβ −1 · 1 + 2η Cβ2
1 + η CβύϥϝʔλΛ࢖༻ͨ͠ʢTable 1ʣɽCs ͷΠΦϯަ‫ͭʹ׵‬͍ͯ͸ɼ‫ٵ‬ண౳Թઢʹै͏ฏߧঢ়ଶΛԾఆͨ͠ɽ
౔৕΁ͷ‫ٵ‬ணʢΠΦϯަ‫׵‬ʣ͕ແ͍ͱԾఆͨ͠৔߹ɼ
ද૚ͷ Cs ͸ɼ2 ೔‫ʹͪ͏͍ͳͨܦ‬ɼΧϥϜԼ୺͔Βഉग़͞ΕΔɽΠΦϯަ‫͕͋׵‬ΔͱԾఆͨ͠৔߹ɼ90 ೔‫ޙ‬ͷೱ

(5)

ͱͳΔɽͨͩ͠ɼkd [L3 M−1 ]ɼη [L3 M−1 ]ɼβ [-] ͸ఆ਺Ͱ͋Δɽ͜͜ͰɼҠಈͷ஗Ԇͷఔ౓͕ӷ૬ͷೱ౓ʹԠ͡
ܾͯ·Δ఺͕ઢ‫ٵܗ‬ணΛԾఆͨ͠৔߹ͱେ͖͘ҟͳΔɽ

౓෼෍ΛΈΔͱɼઢ‫ٵܗ‬ணɼβ = 0.55ʢFig. 3ɼ্ʹತʣɼ
β = 1.9ʢFig. 3ɼ্ʹԜʣ͍ͣΕ΋ɼ΄΅ಉ͡Ґஔʢਂ͞໿ 1 cmʣʹೱ౓ϐʔΫ͕͋Δ͕ɼϐʔΫ͔ΒԼํ΁ೱ౓ͷ௿‫ݮ‬ͷ༷ࢠ͕େ͖͘ҟͳΔɽઢ‫ٵܗ‬ணʢഁઢʣʹରͯ͠ɼತͷ౳ԹઢΛࣔ͢έʔεʢβ = 0.55ɼL ҹʣ͸ɼϐʔΫ஍఺Լํͷೱ౓௿Լ͕ஶ͘͠ɼ‫ʹٯ‬Ԝͷ౳Թઢʢβ =40౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)์ࣹੑ෺࣭͕߱Լͨ͠ɽ2013 ೥ 5 ݄ʹ͜ͷࣼ໘಺ͷ‫ؙ‬ҹͰࣔͨ͠஍఺ʹ͓͍ͯɼද૚ 30 cm ͷ౔৕ࢼྉΛ࠾औ͠ɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ೱ౓ɼ౔৕୸ૉɼ౔৕஠ૉͷ෼ੳΛߦͬ
ͨɽFig. 5 தɼNo. 1, 2, 8 ͸ද໘Λ 5 cm ఔ౓ͷϦλʔ͕෴͍ͬͯͨɽNo. 3, 4, 5, 6 ͸ɼඃ෴͸΄ͱΜͲͳ͘ɼ্ํ͔ΒྲྀԼ͖ͯͨ͠౔࠭ͷଯੵ͕஍දۙ๣ʹ‫͞࡯؍‬Ε
ͨɽNo. 7, 10, 11, 12 ͸पғʹࡶ૲΍༮ੜ໦͕ໜ͍ͬͯ
Δ஍఺ͰɼͦΕ΄Ͳஶ͍͠౔࠭ଯੵ͸‫ݟ‬ΒΕͳ͔ͬͨɽ
౔৕͸ϥΠφʔ࠾౔‫ث‬ʢେ‫ى‬ཧԽ޻‫ۀ‬ʣͰ࠾౔ͨ͠
‫ޙ‬ɼॴఆͷִؒʹ੾Γ෼͚ɼ࿍‫ס‬૩‫ޙ‬ɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷଌఆ

Fig. 5 ෱ౡ‫ݝ‬൧‫ؘ‬ଜ಺৿ྛ A ʹ͓͚Δ࠾౔஍఺ͱ஍‫ܗ‬ɽΛ NaI εϖΫτϩϝʔλʕʢWizard 2480, Perkin Elmer

Inc.ʣΛ༻͍ͯߦͬͨɽ౔৕ͷશ஠ૉɼશ୸ૉ͸ɼNaI εϖΫτϩϝʔλʔͷଌఆऴྃ‫ʹޙ‬αϯϓϧළ͔Β෼औͨ͠ࢼྉΛ༻͍ͯɼCN ίʔμʔʢCN-60, Sumika Inc.ʣͰ
ଌఆͨ͠ɽFig. 6 ʹྫͱͯ͠஍ද໘ͷঢ়ଶͷҟͳΔ No. 1, 4, 12ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ෼෍ͱશ୸ૉɼC/N ൺͷ෼෍Λࣔ͢ɽࣼ໘
্෦Ͱඌࠜʹۙ͘ɼ஍ද͕Ϧλʔʹඃ෴͞Ε͍ͯͯ৵৯
ʹΑΔྲྀ๢౔࠭ͷӨ‫ڹ‬ͷͳ͍ No. 1 ஍఺͸ɼද૚ۙ๣ͷશ୸ૉྔͷߴ͍૚Ͱඇৗʹߴ͍์ࣹੑ Cs ‫ྔؚ‬Λࣔͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼਂ͞ 15 cm Ͱ 1000 Bq kg−1 Λ௒͑Δ์ࣹੑ Cs Λ‫ݕ‬ग़͠ɼਂ͞ 30 cm Ͱ΋ 80 ∼ 360 Bq kg−1 ͱ͍͏஋Λ

Fig. 6 ෱ౡ‫ݝ‬൧‫ؘ‬ଜ಺৿ྛ A ͷ஍ද৚݅ͷҟͳΔ 3 ஍఺ʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹੑ Cs ‫ྔؚ‬ɼશ୸ૉɼC/N ൺͷ෼෍ɽ

1.9ɼI ҹʣʹରԠ͢Δೱ౓෼෍͸ɼਂ͍Ґஔ·ͰςʔϦϯά͕ੜ͡Δɽ͜Ε͸ɼ௿ೱ౓࣌ͷΠΦϯަ‫׵‬ʢ‫ٵ‬ணʣબ୒ੑͷҧ͍ʹ༝དྷ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋ΔɽҎ্ͷٞ࿦͸‫্ص‬ͷ࿩Ͱ͋Γɼ࣮‫ݧ‬తͳ‫͕ূݕ‬ඞཁͰ
͋Δ͕ɼFig. 4 ͸೶஍౔৕ͷΑ͏ʹ Ca ΍ Mg ͳͲ Cs Αࣔͨ͠ɽNo. 1 ಉ༷ʹ஍ද͕ϦλʔͰ෴ΘΕ͍ͯΔ No.
2, 8 ͸ɼඪߴͱͯ͠͸ No. 1 ͔Β 10 ∼ 20 m ௿͍Ґஔʹ͋Δ͕ɼશ୸ૉྔ෼෍ɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ‫ྔؚ‬෼෍͸ No. 1 ͱྨࣅͨ݁͠ՌΛࣔͨ͠ɽશ୸ૉྔɼC/N ൺͷ෼෍͸ɼؔ੢஍ํͷඇՐࢁփ౔৕ͷ৿ྛʹ͓͍ͯใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ΋ͷʢՏ‫ݪ‬ɼ1970ʣͱ΄΅ಉ͡Ͱɼ஍දۙ๣ͷϦλʔ૚ͷ༗‫ػ‬෺͕෼ղ͠ɼC/N ൺΛ௿Լͤ͞ͳ͕ΒԼํʹҠߦ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕ࣔࠦ͞ΕΔɽ౔࠭ͷଯੵ͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔ No. 4
Ͱ͸ɼਂ͞ 5 ∼ 7.5 cm Ͱશ୸ૉྔͷ‫ۃ‬େ஋Λࣔͨ͠ɽྨ
ࣅ͢Δ No. 3, 5, 6 Ͱ΋֤ʑਂ͞͸ҟͳΔ͕ɼਂ͞ʹԠ͡Γ΋Ձ਺ͷߴ͍ཅΠΦϯ͕୎ӽͯ͠ଘࡏ͢Δ৔߹ɼFESͯશ୸ૉྔ͕‫ۃ‬େ஋Λࣔ͢͜ͱ͕͋ͬͨɽ์ࣹੑ Cs ʹ

΍ SDC ʹ‫ݻ‬ఆ͞ΕΔ·Ͱͷؒʹ Cs ͕߱ਫͷਁೖͳͲͷ͍ͭͯ͸ɼNo. 4ɼ5 Ͱ͸ɼ3 ∼ 5 cm ͷ૚Ͱ์ࣹੑ Cs ஋ਫҠಈʹͱ΋ͳͬͯԼํʹҠಈ͢ΔՄೳੑΛ͍ࣔࠦͯ͠

ͷ‫ۃ‬େ஋Λ͕ࣔͨ͠ɼNo. 3, 6 Ͱ͸ɼ໌֬ͳ‫ۃ‬େ஋͸‫ݟ‬Δɽ‫ʹٯ‬ɼॳ‫ ʹظ‬Na ΍ K ͕ଟ͍౔৕ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ Cs ͷΒΕͣɼਂ͘ͳΔͱ‫౔ʹڞ‬தͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ྔ͕‫ݮ‬গ͢Δ

Ҡಈ͸ɼઢ‫ٵܗ‬ணΛԾఆͨ͠‫ੵݟ‬΋ΓΑΓ΋͞Βʹ཈੍Α͏ͳ෼෍Λࣔͨ͠ɽ২ੜʹғ·Ε৵৯౔࠭ͷଯੵ͕͋͞ΕΔͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

·Γແ͍ No. 12 Ͱ͸ɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ‫ྔؚ‬ɼશ୸ૉྔ‫ʹڞ‬஍ද͔ΒԼํʹߦ͘΄Ͳ‫ݮ‬গ͢Δ෼෍͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕͨɽ஍ද໘

4. ༗‫ػ‬ίϩΠυͷ‫د‬༩͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔ Cs Ҡಈ— ൧‫ؘ‬ଜ಺৿ྛ A ʹ͓͚Δ Cs ෼෍ͷࣄྫ —๞࿨ · ෆ๞࿨౔தͷίϩΠυͷҠಈʹ͍ͭͯ͸ۙ೥ɼଟ͘ͷ‫͕͋ڀݚ‬ΔɽίϩΠυʹΑΔ༹࣭Ҡಈଅਐ΍ͦͷϞσϦϯάʹ͍ͭͯ͸ Sen and Khilarʢ2006ʣ΍ Flury

and Qiuʢ2008ʣɼෆ๞࿨౔தʹ͓͚ΔίϩΠυҠಈʹ͍ͭͯ͸ Bradford and Torkzabanʢ2008ʣͳͲʹৄ͍͠ɽͦΕΒΛ૯‫ׅ͢‬Δʹ͸ࢴ໘͕ෆ଍͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰɼ͜͜Ͱ
͸ɼίϩΠυʹΑΔ Cs ͷҠಈଅਐ͕ٙΘΕΔ‫ݱ‬৔ࣄྫΛ঺հ͢Δɽ

Fig. 5 ʹɼ෱ౡ‫ݝ‬૬അ‫܊‬൧‫ؘ‬ଜ಺ͷ৿ྛ A ͷೆ౦ࣼ໘ʢ໿ 300 m ௕ʣͷ஍‫ܗ‬Λࣔͨ͠ɽ͜ͷࣼ໘ʹ͸ɼ෱ౡୈҰ‫͔ൃݪ‬Β์ग़͞Εͨ‫ޙ‬ɼ๺੢ํ޲ͷ෩ͱ‫ʹڞ‬Ҡಈͨ͠ͷঢ়ଶ͕ྨࣅ͢Δ No. 7, 10, 11 ʹ͓͍ͯ‫ڞ‬௨Ͱ No. 12ͱಉ༷ͷ෼෍Λࣔͨ͠ɽ12 ஍఺͸ۙ઀͓ͯ͠Γɼ߱ਫྔ͸΄΅ಉ౳Ͱ͋Δ͕ɼ༗‫ػ‬෺ͷൺֱతগͳ͍࣭߭౔৕͕
ओମͷ No. 12 ʹൺ΂ͯɼ஍ද໘໿ 5 cm ΛϦλʔͰ෴ΘΕ͍ͯΔ No. 1 ʹ͓͍ͯɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷԼํ΁ͷҠಈ͕‫ݦ‬ஶͰ͋Δɽ

Fig. 7 ʹྲྀ๢౔࠭ଯੵͷӨ‫͘ͳ͕ڹ‬Ϧλʔʹඃ෴͞Ε
Δ஍఺ʢaɼNo. 1, 2, 8ʣɼ২ੜͷ͋Δ஍఺ʢbɼNo. 7, 10,

11, 12ʣɼ্ྲྀଆͷ৵৯Ͱൃੜͨ͠౔࠭ͷଯੵ͕໌֬ͳ஍
఺ʢcɼNo. 3, 4, 5, 6ʣʹ͍ͭͯɼ౔৕தͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ‫ྔؚ‬ͱશ୸ૉྔʢTCʣͷؔ܎Λࣔͨ͠ɽʢaʣͰ͸શ୸ૉྔͱ
์ࣹੑ Cs ‫ྔؚ‬ͷؒʹߴ͍૬͕ؔΈΒΕͨɽ৿ྛ಺ʢNo.

1, 2ʣͱ৿ྛԑ֎ͷ௿໦΍ࡶ૲ͷൟໜ͢Δ஍఺ʢNo. 8ʣγϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूɹղઆɿ౔৕தͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷҠಈ41Ͱɼए‫ׯ‬ҟͳΔ܏޲Λ͕ࣔͨ͠ɼ͜Ε͸ɼϦλʔͷ฼ࡐͱͳΔ஍্ͷ২ੜͷҧ͍ʹΑΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɽʢbʣʹ͸ɼϥΠφʔͰ࠾౔ͨ͠ࢼྉͷද૚ۙ๣ͷࢼྉͷ‫ͮجʹ࡯؍‬͍ͯɼ໌Β͔ʹ࠷ۙଯੵͨ͠ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔ΋ͷʢ ҹʣΛআ͍ͯ์ࣹੑ Cs ‫ͱྔؚ‬શ୸ૉྔͷؔ܎Λࣔͨ͠ɽʢaʣΑΓ΋ܾఆ܎਺͸௿͍͕ɼʢbʣʹ͓͍ͯ΋શ୸ૉྔͱ์
ࣹੑ Cs ‫ྔؚ‬͸ɼ૬ؔΛࣔͨ͠ɽ໌Β͔ʹ౔࠭ͷଯੵͷ͋Δ஍఺ʹ͍ͭͯɼFig. 6 Ͱྫͱͯ͠‫ ͨ͛ڍ‬No. 4 Ͱ͸ɼશ୸ૉྔͷߴ͍૚ҐͰൺֱతߴ͍์ࣹੑ Cs ‫ྔؚ‬Λ͍͕ࣔͯͨ͠ɼFig. 7ʢcʣͷΑ͏ʹɼશ୸ૉྔͱ์ࣹੑ Cs‫ྔؚ‬ͷؔ܎ͱͯ͠੔ཧ͢Δͱɼ໨ཱͬͨಛ௃͸நग़Ͱ͖ͳ͔ͬͨɽ৵৯ʕ౔࠭ଯੵͷ༷ࢠ͔Βɼʢcʣͷ౔࠭ଯੵ஍఺ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ‫͓ྔؚ‬Αͼશ୸ૉྔͷ‫ۃ‬େ஋͸ɼ஍දۙ๣ʹ௜ணͨ͠ Cs ͷԼํ΁ͷҠಈʹΑΔ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɼࣼ໘্ํͰ৵৯͞Εͨ౔͕࠭ࣼ໘ԼํͰଯੵͨͨ͠Ί‫ܗ‬੒͞Εͨ෼෍ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

Fig. 8 ʹ Fig. 7 Ͱશ୸ૉྔͱ์ࣹੑ Cs ‫ʹྔؚ‬૬ؔͷ͋ͬͨʢaʣɼʢbʣʹ͍ͭͯɼC/N ൺͱ์ࣹੑ Cs ‫ྔؚ‬ͷؔ܎Λࣔͨ͠ɽFig. 7 Ͱ͸ɼશ୸ૉ‫ࣹ์ͱྔؚ‬ੑ Cs ‫ؚ‬ྔͷؔ܎ʹ஍දͷ৚݅ʹԠͨ͡૬ҧ͕͕͋ͬͨɼC/N ൺͱ์ࣹੑ Cs ‫͍ͯͭʹྔؚ‬͸ɼ஍දʹ͓͚ΔϦλʔ૚ͷ༗ແʹؔ܎ͳ͘ɼߴ͍૬ؔΛࣔͨ͠ɽC/N ൺͷ௿Լ͸༗‫ػ‬෺ͷ෼ղΛ൓ө͍ͯ͠Δɽ12 ஍఺͸ۙ઀͓ͯ͠Γɼಉ༷ͷ‫ީؾ‬ɼਫ෼৚݅ͩͬͨͱߟ͑
ΒΕΔɽ͜ͷ৚݅ԼͰ஍දͷ༗‫ػ‬෺ͷ෼ղʹΑͬͯੜͨ͡ೋ࣍ੜ੒෺͸ɼ͞Βʹ෼ղ͞Εͳ͕Βɼ·ͨಉ࣌ʹ

C/N ൺΛ௿Լͤ͞ͳ͕Β౔தԼํ΁Ҡಈ͍ͯ͘͠ɽ์
ࣹੑ Cs ͕ΠΦϯଶ΍೪౔ཻࢠ౳ແ‫ػ‬ίϩΠυʹ‫ٵ‬ணͨ͠‫ܗ‬ଶͰҠಈ͢ΔͷͰ͋Ε͹ɼ஍ද໘ʹϦλʔ૚ͷແ͍ʢbʣ͕Ϧλʔ૚ʹ෴ΘΕͨ஍఺ͷʢaʣͱಉ༷ͷ C/N ൺʕ์ࣹੑ Cs ‫܎ؔྔؚ‬Λࣔ͢͜ͱ͸ແ͍ͱࢥΘΕΔɽ͠
͕ͨͬͯɼFig. 6ɼ7ɼ8 ͷ݁Ռ͔Βɼ͜ͷ৿ྛ A ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼ஍දͷ༗‫ػ‬෺ͷ෼ղʹΑͬͯੜͨ͡ೋ࣍ੜ੒෺ʢ༗
‫ػ‬ίϩΠυ΍༗‫ࢎػ‬ʣ͕౔தΛԼํ΁Ҡಈ͢Δͷʹਵ൐
Fig. 7 ෱ౡ‫ݝ‬൧‫ؘ‬ଜ಺৿ྛ A ͷ஍ද৚݅ͷҟͳΔ 3 ஍఺ͷ౔৕ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ‫ͱྔؚ‬શ୸ૉྔͷؔ܎ʢʢbʣͷճ‫ؼ‬௚ઢʹ͸ɼ ҹͷσʔλ͸‫·ؚ‬Εͳ͍ʣ.

ͯ͠์ࣹੑ Cs ͕Լํ΁Ҡಈ͍ͯͨ͠ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ‫ط‬ԟͷ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ౔৕ʹਁಁͤ͞Δ༹ӷʹίϩΠυཻࢠΛࠞ߹͢Δ͜ͱͰ์ࣹੑ֩छʢPu, Amʣͷ஗Ԇ܎਺͕খ͘͞ͳΔʢContardi et al., 2001ʣ͜ͱ΍Ұఆͷ࣌ؒ಺ʹ౔தΛҠಈ͢Δ Cs ྔ͕૿͢͜ͱʢTurner et al., 2006ʣ͕ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽFig. 5 ͷ No. 1ʢ஍දʹϦλʔ૚༗ʣʹ͓͍ͯɼNo. 12 ΑΓ΋‫ݦ‬ஶͳ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷԼํ΁ͷҠಈ͕ΈΒΕΔͷ͸ɼ༗‫ػ‬෺ͷ‫ͦͱڅڙ‬Εʹͱ΋ͳ͏Մಈͳ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ‫ ͕څڙ‬No. 1 Ͱଟ͔ͬͨͨΊͰ͋ΔՄೳੑ͕ߴ͍ɽ

5. ·ͱΊ
์ࣹੑ֩छͷ౔৕தͷҠಈʹؔ͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬͸ܾͯ͠গͳ
͘ͳ͘ɼ஌‫ͯ͠ͱݟ‬஝ੵ͞Ε͍ͯΔ΋ͷ΋ଟ͍ɽ͔͠͠ɼ
ͦͷଟ͘͸ɼ௕‫ؒظ‬ͷ஍த؅ཧ΍‫ࢪྗࢠݪ‬ઃ͔Β஍Լਫ
Fig. 8 ෱ౡ‫ݝ‬൧‫ؘ‬ଜ಺৿ྛ A ʹ͓͚Δ౔৕ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ‫ྔؚ‬
ͱ C/N ൺͷؔ܎.

΁ͷ࿙ग़Λ૝ఆͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋ͬͨɽ‫ࡏݱ‬௚໘͍ͯ͠Δ஍දۙ๣ʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷҠߦ༧ଌ΍আછʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)42

137 Cs ͦͷ΋ͷͷ൒‫͔ظݮ‬Β์ࣹੑ෺࣭ͷੜ෺ֶత൒‫ݮ‬Comans, R.N.J., Haller, M. and de Preter, P. (1991): Sorption of‫ظ‬ɼਫҠಈʹͱ΋ͳ͏ Cs ͱ౔ཻࢠͷ൓Ԡ࣌ؒͱ͍ͬͨ

cesium on Illite: Non-equilibrium behaviour and reversibility.

Α͏ʹɼ࣌ؒεέʔϧ͕์ࣹੑഇ‫غ‬෺ͷ஍த؅ཧͰ૝ఆ

Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 55: 433–440.

͍ͯͨ͠΋ͷΑΓ΋୹͘ɼ·ͨɼ༷ʑͰ͋Δɽ͞Βʹɼ

Contradi, J.S., Turner, D.R. and Ahn, T.M. (2001): Modeling์ࣹੑ֩छͷҠಈʹӨ‫ڹ‬Λ͋ͨ͑ΔԽֶతɼ෺ཧతʢ৔

colloid transport for performance assessment. J. Contami. Hy-߹ʹΑͬͯ͸ੜ෺తʣཁҼͷۭ࣌ؒมಈ΋ඇৗʹܹ͍͠ɽdrol., 47: 323–333.

͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼ࣮‫ݧ‬΍ௐࠪʹΑΔࣄ࣮ͷੵΈॏͶʹՃ͑ͯ

Dalvaux, B., Kruyts, N. and Cremer, A. (2000): Rhizosphericա‫ڈ‬ͷ‫ڀݚ‬ͷதͰɼ݁Ռ͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ɼԾఆ͞Ε͍ͯͨ

mobilization of radiocesium in soils. Environ. Sci. and Tech.,͜ͱ΍໰୊఺Ͱ͋ͬͨ͜ͱ·Ͱ૎ͬͯ஌‫ݟ‬Λ੔ཧ͠ɼ༗
ޮ‫͢༻׆‬Δ͜ͱ͕ඞཁͩͱࢥΘΕΔɽ

34: 1489–1493.
Flury, M. and Qiu, H. (2008): Modeling colloid-facilitated contaminant transport in the vadose zone. Vadose Zone J., 7(2):ँࣙ

682–696.
ੴ઒ಸॹ, ಺ా࣎෉, ా্‫( ࢠܙ‬2007): ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝͷਫా౔ຊ‫ڀݚ‬͸ɼ໌࣏େֶ਒ࡂ෮‫ࢧڵ‬ԉ · ๷ࡂ‫ڀݚ‬ϓϩδΣΫτʢ୅ද ొඌߒॿʣ
ɼՊ‫ݚ‬අ‫ج‬൫‫ڀݚ‬ʢBʣ 24380130ɼ

৕΁ͷऩண‫ڍ‬ಈʹ͓͚Δ೪౔߭෺ͷӨ‫ڹ‬. Radioisotopes, 56:

519–528.

‫ج‬൫‫ڀݚ‬ʢCʣ 25517005 ͷิॿΛड͚ͨɽ‫ݱ‬஍ͷௐ࣮ࠪՏ‫ًݪ‬඙ (1970): ৿ྛ౔৕தͷ޲͖͍ͨνοૉྔʹؔ͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬ࢪʹ͍ͭͯ͸ NPO ;͘͠·࠶ੜͷձɼେᖒ࿨හࢯʢӉ

ʢIIʣνοૉͷແ‫ػ‬Խྔͱશνοૉ, C/N ͓Αͼ୸ૉͷແ‫ػ‬౎‫ٶ‬େֶʣɼ෱ౡ෮‫ڵ‬೶‫ֶ޻ۀ‬ձٞͳΒͼʹ‫ڥ؀‬஍ਫֶԽྔͱͷؔ܎. ೔ຊྛֶձࢽ, 52(3): 71–19.

‫ࣨڀݚ‬ͷӃੜͷํʑʹɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷ෼ੳʹ͍ͭͯ͸౦

Maes, A., Verheyden, D. and Cremers, A. (1985) Formation of‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պ์ࣹੑಉҐ‫ݩ‬ૉࢪઃʹhighly selective cesium-exchange sites in montmorillonites.

‫͍͍ͨͩͨྗڠ‬ɽ͜͜ʹ‫͢ँײͯ͠ه‬Δɽɹ

Clays and Clay Minerals, 33(3): 251–257
Sen, T.K. and Khilar, K.C. (2006): Review on subsurface col-Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬

loids and colloid-associated contaminant transport in saturated
porous media. Adv. Colloid and Interface Sci., 119: 71–96.
Staunton, S. and Roubaud, M. (1997): Adsorption of 137 Cs

Aharoni, C. and Sparks, D.L. (1991): Chap.1 Kinetics of Soilon montmorillonite and illite: effect of charge conmensation

Chemical Reactions — A theoretical treatment. In Rate of soil

cation, ionic strength, concentration of Cs, K and fulvic acid.

Chemical Reactions. SSSA Special publication No.27, pp.1–

Clays and Clay Minerals, 46(2): 251–260.

149.
Appelo, C.A.J. and Postma, D. (2005): Chap.6 Ion Exchange,
In Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution., pp.241–307,
Balkema publ., Amsterdam.

Teppen, B.J. and Miller, D.M. (2005): Hydration energy determines isovalent cation exchange selectivity by clay minerals.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 70: 31–40.
Turner, N.B., Ryan, J.N. and Saiers, J.E. (2006): Effect of desorp-

Bradford, S.A. and Torkzaban, S. (2008): Colloid transport andtion on colloid-facilitated transport of contaminants: Cesium,

retention in unsaturated porous media: a review of interface-,strontium, and illite colloids. Water Resour. Res., 42, W12S09

collector-, and pore-scale processes and models. Vadose Zone

doi: 10.1029/2006WR004972.

J., 7: 667–681.

ࢁ‫ࢠلޱ‬, ߴా༤հ, ྛ݈ଠ࿠, ੴ઒ɹ֮, ૔ມਖ਼ਓ, ߐ‫ޱ‬ఆ෉, ٢

Brouwer, E., Baeyens,D., Maes, A. and Cremers, A. (1983): Ce-઒লࢠ, ࡔ‫ޱ‬ɹರ, ேాɹ‫ܠ‬, ࿨ӱ࿕ଠ, ຀໺஌೭, ੺Ӌ‫ࢠز‬,sium and rubidium ion equilibria in illite clay. J. Phys. Chem.,ฏ‫ؘ‬ढ़ଠ࿠ (2012)ɿ౔৕-২෺‫͚͓ʹܥ‬Δ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝͷ

87: 1213–1219.

‫ڍ‬ಈͱͦͷมಈཁҼ. ೶‫ݚ؀‬ใ, 31: 75–129ɽ

Comans, R.N.J. and Hockley, D.E. (1992): Kinetics of cesium
sorption on illite. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 56: 1157–
1164.

γϯϙδ΢Ϝಛूɹղઆɿ౔৕தͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷҠಈཁࢫ

Cs+ ͸ 2 : 1 ‫ܕ‬೪౔߭෺ͷ୺໘ͷ Frayed edge siteʢFESʣ΍໘෦ͷ࿡һ‫ʹ؀‬ඇৗʹ‫ั͘ڧ‬ଊ͞ΕΔɽͨ
ͩɼCs+ ͕ FES ʹัଊ͞ΕΔ·Ͱʹ͸ 100 ೔εέʔϧͷ࣌ؒΛཁ͢ΔɽຊߘͰ͸ɼΠΦϯଶͰଘࡏ͢
Δ Cs+ ͷ౔৕தͰ༧૝͞ΕΔҠಈͱ Cs+ ͕༗‫ػ‬ੑίϩΠυʹऩணͯ͠Ҡಈͨ͠ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔέʔεΛ঺հ͢ΔɽΠΦϯଶͰଘࡏ͢Δ Cs+ ʹ͍ͭͯɼઢ‫Ͱܗ‬͸ͳ͘ Freundlich ‫ٵܕ‬ண౳ԹઢΛ༻͍ͯ౔৕த
ͷҠಈΛ਺஋‫ݕͰࢉܭ‬౼ͨ͠ͱ͜ΖɼCs+ ͷҠಈ͕ॳ‫ظ‬ঢ়ଶͷ࣌ʹଘࡏ͢ΔΠΦϯछʹӨ‫ڹ‬Λड͚Δ݁
ՌͱͳͬͨɽҰํɼϦλʔ૚͕ྛচΛ෴͏Α͏ͳྛ஍Ͱௐࠪͨ݁͠ՌͰ͸ɼ౔தͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷਂ͞෼෍͕౔৕ͷશ୸ૉྔ΍ C/N ൺͱߴ͍૬ؔΛࣔͨ͠ɽ͜Ε͸ɼCs+ ͕෼ղͭͭ͋͠Δ༗‫ػ‬෺ͱ‫ʹڞ‬ԼํʹҠಈ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱΛ͍ࣔࠦͯ͠ΔɽΩʔϫʔυɿ์ࣹੑ Csɼ༗‫ػ‬ίϩΠυɼΠΦϯަ‫׵‬બ୒ੑɼ஗Ԇ܎਺43  "$#!



%MÚI°¦~L>L`^aw{WÉDH ®Ï´JÛÑ ¥W EUÅ«IE6`{
py{_DG°¦Wc{`8qgkKMRQ5¶ÝKÍFHJ¿EVNI ®Ï´JÛÑ ¥CRTVPE6<³¹À½  

   






 

  

;i8eÓdoj%+2CªËDH?PE6

  
h{a\v8eLcx
tg^fgpL¡ÖM--5 ¼M - I
E6 ÙLÜÆWµ
KÈ@UGRÔ»ºL
ÉKÃDHPE6<³¹À½    





    $#!

 M· ASO¯ I(- Ù`{pz9%Ò :LÛÑ ¥WÉEUÅ«IE6;Ñ ¥LÉÐÇM (-)BT (-);ÄÉ;!dojZ[X "# 
Ci8eL±¸JÛÑ ¥WØ¾K¨;yXzeYuIi8eL±¸5ÂJÁC±¤; LÕLÊÌÁW ÎDH­ÊL1K¢¨

XYl^b£¬|}²= §©×   h^mr8j]sec{e8nz7    $7    #*'1+2*7333&+.*4(/,0シンポジウム特集

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.

㈨ࠉᩱ

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

Miscellaneous

No. 126, p.45 ∼ 49 (2014)

ୈ 55 ճ౔৕෺ཧֶձγϯϙδ΢Ϝ૯߹౼࿦౔৕෺ཧͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭‫ڀݚ‬ઓུʹ޲͚ͯᖛຊণҰ࿠ʢγϯϙδ΢Ϝࣄ຿‫ہ‬ʣDiscussion at the 55th symposium on the radioactive material issue
Shoichiro HAMAMOTOຊߘͰ͸ɼ6 ໊ͷߨࢣʹΑΔߨԋͷ‫ߦʹޙ‬ΘΕͨ૯߹౼࿦ʢ࠲௕ɿߔ‫ޱ‬উࢯɼ٢઒লࢠࢯʣͷ໛༷Λɼࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷ‫׆ڀݚ‬ಈͷࢿྉͱͯ͠‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δɽͳ͓ɼ౼࿦ͷུ֓ͷ‫ه‬࿥Λ໨తͱͨͨ͠Ίɼࣄ຿‫ہ‬ͷ൑அʹΑΓɼൃ‫಺ݴ‬༰ͷҰ෦Λলུɼ·ͨ͸ཁ໿ͤͯ͞௖͍ͨ͜ͱΛྃ͝ղ‫͍͍ͨئ‬ɽ·ͨɼ౰೔ͷγϯϙδ΢
Ϝͷ༷ࢠ͸ϗʔϜϖʔδʢhttp://www.iai.ga.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/mizo/edrp/fukushima/jssp13/ʣͰʮಈըʯͱ
ͯ͠ࢹௌͰ͖Δɽߔ‫ޱ‬ʢ࠲௕ʣ
ɿ૯߹౼࿦Λ͜Ε͔Β࢝ΊΔɽ౔৕෺ཧͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭‫ݚ‬‫ڀ‬ઓུʹ޲͚ͯͱ͍͏͜ͱͰɼࢲͱ٢઒͞ΜͰਐΊ͍͖͍ͯͨɽਐΊํ͸ɼ࣭໰͖͠Εͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱʹ౴͑Δ࣌
ؒଳΛઃ͚ɼͦͷ‫ڀݚʹޙ‬ઓུͱ͍͏‫͔఺؍‬Βɼࢲ͕͍͔ͭ͘ͷҊΛఏࣔ͢ΔͷͰɼͦΕʹ͍ͭͯօ͞Μ͔Βҙ‫ݟ‬Λ௖͖͍ͨɽͦΕͰ͸·ͣ࠷ॳʹɼࠤլେֶͷ௕͞Μɼ࣍ʹࡾॏେֶͷऔग़͞Μ͔Β࣭໰ͯ͠௖͖͍ͨɽ
௕ʢࠤլେֶʣ
ɿ୩ࢁ͞Μʹ࣭໰͍ͨ͠ɽ3500 Օॴͱ͍͏ଟ͘ͷ৔ॴͰͷ෼ੳ݁ՌΛ‫ͯͤݟ‬௖͍ͨɽฏ‫ۉ‬తʹ͸‫ݮ‬ਰ܏޲ʹ͋Δͷ͕෼͔͕ͬͨɼআછͱ͍͏ҙຯͰ͸ɼ݁ߏεϙοτతͳߴ͍৔ॴ͕࢒͍ͬͯΔ‫͕͢ؾ‬ΔɽԚછ‫ͯ͠ͱݯ‬ͷεϙοτతͳߴ͍৔ॴΛͲͷΑ͏ʹ‫ݮ‬Β͍͔͕ͯ͘͠େࣄ
ͱࢥΘΕΔɽࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ৔ॴʹର͢ΔऔΓ૊Έʹ͍͓ͭͯฉ͔ͤ௖͖͍ͨɽ
୩ࢁʢ೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣɿ೶ྛਫ࢈ল಺Ͱ͸໾ׂ͕෼͔Ε͍ͯΔɽ೶‫ݚ؀‬͸ϞχλϦϯάɼ‫ݱ‬৅ղੳ͓Αͼಈଶ༧ଌͱ͍͏ͷཱ͕৔Ͱ͋ͬͯɼআછʹ͍ͭͯ͸೶‫୲͕ߏػݚ‬౰͍ͯ͠Δɽͨͩɼࠓճ‫ݱ‬৅Λ‫ͯݟ‬ΈΔͱɼಛఆͷ৔ॴ΍ะ৔ɼ·ͨ͸ϛΫϩʹ‫ݟ‬Δͱ࡞෺ͷ෦ҐͳͲɼ2 ࣍‫ݩ‬తͳมಈ͕ඇৗʹେ͖͘ɼࠓճͷ͍Ζ͍Ζͳ໰୊Λղܾ͢Δ೉͠͞ͷ 1 ͭͱ‫͑ݴ‬Δɽ‫ס‬ੑ௜ணɼ࣪ੑ௜ண͔ͱ͍͏͜ͱͰ΋ҧ͍ͬͯΔɽͨ·ͨ·ͦͷ࣌Ӎ͕߱ͬͯϓϧʔϜ͔Βચ͍ྲྀ͞Εͨͱ͔ɼ஍‫༷Ͳͳܗ‬ʑͳ໰୊͕͋ͬͯɼ͜͏͍͏৔ॴͩ
͔Βߴ͍௿͍ͱ͸‫͍ͳ͑ݴ‬ɽۭؒઢྔ཰ͩͱ͋Δఔ౓ฏ‫ۉ‬Խ͞Ε͍ͯΔͷͰɼͳ͔ͳ͔ϗοτεϙοτతͳ΋ͷ͸ग़ͯ͜ͳ͍ɽ·ͨɼআછ৔ॴͷσʔλ΋ߤۭଌఆͰ͸೉͍͠ɽͦ͏͍ͬͨͱ͜ΖͰͲ͏͢Δ͔ͱ͍͏ͷ͸ɼ೶‫ߏػݚ‬ͷ‫͞ޱݪ‬Μʹ͓࿩͠Λ࢕͍͍ͨɽ
‫ޱݪ‬ʢ೶‫ · ۀ‬৯඼࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़૯߹‫ߏػڀݚ‬ʣɿɹ೶஍ʹؔͯ͠‫͑ݴ‬͹ɼࠓҰ཯Ͱ΍͍ͬͯΔද౔ണ͗ΛԿηϯνͱܾΊͯ΍ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɼ෼෍ͳͲʹԠͯ͡΍Δ΂͖ͩͱࢥ͏ɽ৿ྛʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼࠓ͸͋Μͳʹ޿େͳ໘ੵͰ͔͠΋‫ػ‬ցͷΞΫηε͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͱ͜ΖͰআછͱ͍͏ͷ͸ͪΐͬͱߟ͑ΒΕ͍ͯͳ͍ͷͰɼ৿ྛʹ͍ͭͯ͸౴͕͑೉͍͔͠ͳͱࢥ͏ɽ
औग़ʢࡾॏେֶʣɿ
ࢁ‫͞ޱ‬Μ΋੢ଜ͞Μ΋ Cs ͷΠΦϯަ‫׵‬ͷ࿩Λ͞Ε͍ͯͨɽ౔৕தͷ Cs ҠಈΛ༧ଌ͢Δͱ͖ɼCs ͷΠΦϯަ‫׵‬΍‫ٵ‬ணΛɼ‫͍༻ࡏݱ‬ΒΕ͍ͯΔ‫ٵ‬ணϞσϧͰͲͷΑ͏ʹѻ͏΂͖͔ɽ
ߐ‫ޱ‬ʢ೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣɿࢁ‫͞ޱ‬Μͷߨԋཁࢫʹ͋Δਤ͕ॏཁͰɼᶃ ෗২ͷ
COOH ΍೪౔߭෺ߏ଄຤୺ͷ OH ͳͲ Cs Λ‫ٵ‬ண͠͏Δ͕‫ۃ‬Ίͯ཭Ε΍͍͢ͱ͜Ζɼᶄ Cs Λબ୒తʹอ࣋͢Δ
͕ଞͷཅΠΦϯͱͷ‫ʹ߹ڝ‬ΑΓग़͖ͯͯ͠·͏ͱ͜Ζɼ
ᶅ Cs Λ‫ݻ͘ڧ‬ఆ͠΄ͱΜͲग़ͯདྷͳ͍ͱ͜Ζɼओʹ͜ͷ 3 छྨͷෛిՙΛߟ͑Ε͹ྑ͍ͱࢥ͏ɽΑ͘෼͔Βͳ͍ͷ͸ɼCs ͷ‫ݻ‬ఆԽʹཁ͢Δ͕࣌ؒɼ೪౔߭෺ͷछྨ΍༷ʑͳ‫ڥ؀‬৚݅ʹΑΓมΘΔͨΊɼͲͷఔ౓ͷεϐʔυͰ‫ݻ‬ఆଶ Cs ͷׂ߹͕૿͑Δ͔ͱ͍͏͜ͱɽνΣϧϊϒΠϦࣄ‫ʹޙނ‬ԤभͰ։ൃ͞Εͨ؆қϞσϧ͕͋Δ͕ɼ
·ͩෆे෼ͳ఺͕ଟ͍ɽࠓճɼࢁ‫͞ޱ‬ΜͷߨԋͰ͸৮ΕΒΕ͍ͯͳ͔͕ͬͨɼ೶‫ݚ؀‬ͷ 1960 ೥୅Ҏ߱ͷάϩʔόϧϑΥʔϧΞ΢τ༝དྷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷσʔλϕʔεΛ༻͍ͯ͜ͷ؆қϞσϧΛద༻͢Δͱɼ౔৕͔Β࡞෺΁ͷ์
ࣹੑ Cs Ҡߦͷ܏޲Λ͓Αͦද‫͖Ͱݱ‬Δɽ͔͠͠ࠓճͷ‫ޙނࣄൃݪ‬ɼ෱ౡ‫֤಺ݝ‬஍ͷਫాͰॳ೥໨ʹऩ֭͞Εͨ‫ݰ‬ถʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹੑ Cs ͷҠߦ܎਺ʹ͍ͭͯɼ͜ͷ؆қϞσϧΛద༻ͯ͠΋શવ߹Θͳ͍ɽ͜Ε͸ɼάϩʔόϧϑΥʔϧΞ΢τ༝དྷͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͸౔৕΁ͷ߱Լ‫ͳ͔ޙ‬Γ͕࣌ؒ‫͓ͯͬܦ‬Γɼࣄ‫ނ‬௚‫ޙ‬ͷ෱ౡ‫ݝ‬ͷΑ͏ʹ·ͩେ‫߱ؾ‬Լ෺ʹΑΔ௚઀Ԛછ΍ᕲᕱਫ͔ΒͷྲྀೖͳͲ͕ଘࡏ
͠ɼ౔৕தͷަ‫׵‬ଶͷׂ߹͕ߴ͍ͱ͍͏৚݅ͱ͸େ͖͘ҟͳΔͨΊͰ͸ͳ͍͔ͱࢥ͏ɽ͜ΕΒΛϞσϧʹ૊ΈೖΕͳ͍ͱɼࣄ‫ނ‬௚‫ޙ‬ͷ෱ౡ‫಺ݝ‬ͷਫҴ΍ଞͷ࡞෺ͷ‫ٵ‬ऩྔ͸ਫ਼౓ྑ͘༧ଌͰ͖ͳ͍ɽࠓ‫ޙ‬ɼࣄ‫͔ނ‬Βྫ͑͹ 5 ೥Ҏ্‫ͪܦ‬ɼ߱Լ෺΍ᕲᕱਫͷӨ‫͕ڹ‬ແࢹͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΓɼ‫ݻ‬ఆଶͷׂ߹͕େ͖͘ͳΔͱɼ‫ط‬ଘͷϞσϧͰ΋༧ଌͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔͷ͔ͳͱࢥ͏ɽ

46౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)औग़ɿҠಈ༧ଌʹ͓͚Δ‫ٵ‬ணϞσϧ͸ɼ͋Δఔ౓ͷ୯७Խ͕ඞཁͱߟ͑Δɽ༹ӷೱ౓ͱ‫ٵ‬ணྔΛ༩͑Δ௨ৗͷϞσϧͰ͸ɼCs ೱ౓͕θϩʹͳͬͨΒ‫ٵ‬ணྔ΋θϩʹͳΔͷͰɼར༻͸‫ݶ‬ΒΕΔɽΠΦϯަ‫׵‬ͷϞσϧ͸ඞཁͱߟ͑
ΒΕΔ͕ɼෆՄ‫ٯ‬తͳ‫ٵ‬ண΋‫ؚ‬ΊΔͱϞσϧ͕ඇৗʹෳࡶʹͳΔɽͨͱ͑͹ɼԾ૝తʹબ୒ੑ͕ඇৗʹߴ͍ΠΦϯަ‫׵‬Λߟ͑ͯɼ࣮࣭తʹ΄΅ෆՄ‫ٵͳٯ‬ணΛϞσϧԽ
͢ΔͳͲɼ‫ࡏݱ‬ར༻͞Ε͍ͯΔϞσϧΛ༻͍ͨ‫Ͱࢉܭ‬৐Γ੾ͬͨ΄͏͕͍͍ͷ͔ͳͱ‫ݸ‬ਓతʹ͸ࢥ͏ɽߐ‫ޱ‬ɿ‫ط‬ଘϞσϧͰߟྀ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ཁҼͱͯ͠ɼੜ෺ͷӨ‫͕͋ڹ‬Δɽࢳঢ়‫ྨە‬΍࡞෺ʹΑͬͯ͸ɼ‫ݻ͘ڧ‬ఆ͞Εͯ
͍Δ K ΍ Cs Λ‫ٵ‬ऩͰ͖ΔͨΊɼෆՄ‫ࢥͱٯ‬ΘΕ͍ͯΔ
΋ͷΛ‫্͍ͯ͛ٵ‬ɼ৽઱༗‫ػ‬෺ͱͯ͠΋͏Ұ౓౔৕΁໭
ͯ͠͠·͏ɽ৽઱༗‫ػ‬෺͕෼ղ͢Δͱ༹ଘଶ Cs ͕์ग़͞ΕɼͦΕ͕౔৕தͰ‫ݻ‬ఆԽ͞ΕΔલʹ২෺͕‫ٵ‬ऩ͢Δͱɼͦ͜Ͱ Cs ͕॥‫ͯ͠؀‬ɼͳ͔ͳ͔‫ݻ‬ఆԽ͞Εͳ͍͜ͱʹͳΔɽͦ͏͍ͬͨ͜ͱ΋ߟྀͯ͠ϞσϧԽ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ
औग़ɿͦ͏ͨ͠ཁҼ͸Θ͔Δ͕ɼࠓ·ͰͷϞσϧΛԿͱ͔޻෉͠ͳ͕Β࢖͏ํ๏ʹ͠ͳ͍ͱɼͲΜͲΜϞσϧ͕ෳࡶʹͳͬͯɼ࣮࣭తʹ࢖͑ͳ͍ϞσϧʹͳΔ‫ݥة‬ੑ͕͋Δɽߔ‫ޱ‬ɿͦΕ͚ͩ͸ආ͚͍ͨɽࠓ͸‫ٸ‬Λཁ͢Δͷ͔ͩΒ࠷ऴతʹ͸޻ֶతʹͲ͔͜Ͱ‫੾ݟ‬ΓΛ͚ͭͯ΍Δ͔͠ͳ͍ͱࢥ͏ɽࠓ͋ΔϞσϧ͕Ͳ͜·Ͱ࢖͑ͯɼҰํɼͲ͜Ͱ‫࣮ݱ‬ͷ‫ݱ‬৅Λద੾ʹ୯७ԽͰ͖Δ͔ɼօ͞Μʹߟ͍͑ͯͨͩ
͖͍ͨͱࢥ͏ɽͰ͸࣍ʹɼ౦‫ژ‬େֶͷޫԬ͞Μͱ๺ւಓେֶͷੴࠇ͞Μ͔Β࣭໰ͯ͠௖͖͍ͨɽ
ޫԬʢ౦‫ژ‬େֶʣɿ์ࣹੑ Cs ͕ FESʢFrayed edge siteʣʹ‫ݻ‬ఆ͞ΕΔʹ͸࣌ؒΛཁ͢Δͱͷ͜ͱ͕ͩɼࣄ‫਺ޙނ‬Χ݄Ͱ౔৕͔Β࡞෺΁ͷҠߦ͕΄ͱΜͲ‫ݟ‬ΒΕͳ͘ͳͬͨ͜ͱʹ͍ͭͯ͸Ͳ͏ߟ͑Ε͹ྑ͍͔ʁੴࠇʢ๺ւಓେֶʣɿCs ͷ‫ݻ‬ఆԽ͸Ώͬ͘Γਐߦ͢ΔΑ͏͕ͩɼRIPʢRadiocaesium interception potentialʣ͸ฏߧΛԾఆͨࣜ͠Ͱ
͋Γɼ͜Εͩͱໃ६͕ग़Δɽ‫ݻ‬ఆԽ͞ΕΔ৔ॴʹ౸ୡ͢Δ·Ͱͷ࣌ؒ͸஗͘ͳ͍ͱࢥ͏ͷ͕ͩͲ͏ͳͷ͔ʁߐ‫ޱ‬ɿ࠷ॳͷ఺ʹ͍ͭͯɼࣄ‫ނ‬௚‫ޙ‬͸౔৕͔Βͷ‫ٵ‬ऩΑΓ΋େ‫߱ؾ‬Լ෺ʹΑΔ௚઀Ԛછ͕ओମͩͬͨɽ·ͨ‫ݻ‬ఆଶ΁ͷҠߦ͸ɼ߱Լ௚‫࠷͕ޙ‬΋υϥεςΟοΫʹੜ͡ɼঃʑ
ʹ؇ຫʹͳͬͨɽ2 ൪໨ͷ࣭໰ʹ͍ͭͯɼFES ΁ͷ Cs ‫ݻ‬ఆׂ߹ΛߴΊΔʹ͸ɼ‫࣪ס‬ͷ‫܁‬Γฦ͕͠ޮՌతͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕‫ݧܦ‬తʹ஌ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽඇৗʹ‫͍ͨס‬৚݅ͱ࣪५৚
݅ΛԿ౓΋‫܁‬Γฦ͢͜ͱͰɼ‫ݻ‬ఆଶͷׂ߹͕૿͑Δɽਫ
෼͕ଟ͍ͱަ‫׵‬ଶ Cs ͕౔৕தͰ֦ࢄ͠΍͘͢ͳΓɼ‫ס‬૩աఔͰ͸ඇৗʹඍࡉͳ޸ܺʹ Cs ͕ೖΓࠐΈ΍͘͢ͳΔΑ͏ͳޮՌ͕͋Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɽRIP Λଌఆ͢Δͱ͖ͷ࣮‫ݧ‬৚݅͸ɼ‫ݒ‬୙ӷঢ়ଶͰඇৗʹߴೱ౓ͷ์ࣹੑ Cs
Λ༻͍͓ͯΓɼฏߧʹୡͨ͠ͱΈͳ͢·Ͱʹ 5 ೔ؒΛ͔
͚Δɽ‫ݱ‬৔౔৕ͱ͸͔ͳΓ৚͕݅ҟͳ͓ͬͯΓɼ์ࣹੑCs ͕ FES ʹ౸ୡ͠΍͍͢৚݅Ͱଌఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ࣮ࡍ
ͷ౔৕தͰ͸ɼ์ࣹੑ Cs ೱ౓͸ඇৗʹ௿͘ɼ౔৕ਫ෼
͸௨ৗෆ๞࿨Ͱ͋Γ߱Լ෺ͱ౔৕Λ‫ݒ‬୙ӷͷΑ͏ʹे෼ʹࠞ߹͢Δ͜ͱ΋ͳ͍ɽࣗવͷ··ʹ೚͍ͤͯΔͱɼͳ
͔ͳ͔ FES ʹ͸౸ୡͰ͖ͳ͍Α͏ʹࢥ͏ɽੴࠇɿ೪౔߭෺૚ؒʹ K ΠΦϯ͕‫ݻ‬ఆͯ҆͠ఆͳͱ͜Ζ͸΋͏ೖΒͳ͍͕ɼࣗવ৚݅Ͱ͸ɼ෩Խͨ͠೪౔߭෺୺໘ۙ
๣Ͱ Cs ͕‫ݻ‬ఆ͞Ε΍͍͢ͷ͔ʁߐ‫ޱ‬ɿͦ͏͍͏ͱ͜Ζ͸ɼ௨ৗɼKɼNH4 ɼ҆ఆ Cs ౳Ͱ༏઎͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ߱Լͨ͠͹͔Γͷ์ࣹੑ Cs ͕ɼྔతʹԿΦʔμʔ΋େ͖͍͜ΕΒͷཅΠΦϯʹଧͪউͬͯͦ͜ʹೖΔͨΊʹ͸ɼԿΒ͔ͷ৚݅มԽͳͲΛར༻͠ͳ͍ͱɼ
ͦ͏؆୯ʹ͸ೖͬͯߦ͚ͳ͍Α͏ʹࢥ͏ɽऔग़ɿେࣄͳ͜ͱ͸ɼ༧ଌͷλΠϜεέʔϧͩɽCs ͷҠಈΛ൒‫ظݮ‬ͷ 30 ೥ͷλΠϜεέʔϧͰߟ͑Δͱ͖͸ɼFES΁ͷ֦ࢄ‫ܦ‬࿏͕‫ز‬Β࿷‫͠ۂ‬Α͏͕ɼ΄ͱΜͲແࢹͰ͖Δ΋ͷͳͷ͡Όͳ͍͔ͱࢥ͏ɽର৅ͱ͢ΔλΠϜεέʔϧʹରͯ͠ɼ‫ݻ‬ఆʹཁ͢Δ࣌ؒ͸ॠؒతͱΈͳ͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ
͖Δɽ
ߐ‫ޱ‬ɿ
ࢁ‫͞ޱ‬ΜͷσʔλʹΑΕ͹ɼࣄ‫ނ‬௚‫ޙ‬ͷ౔৕ʹൺ΂ͯɼ਺Χ݄‫ʹޙ‬͸໌Β͔ʹ‫ݻ‬ఆଶ͕૿͍͑ͯΔɽ͜ͷఔ౓ͷ࣌ؒʹΑͬͯ‫ݻ‬ఆଶ͕૿͑Δͷ͸ؒҧ͍ͳ͍ɽߔ‫ޱ‬ɿ͖ͬ͞ͷޫԬ͞Μͷ࣭໰ͷதͰɼ২෺ͷࠜͬ͜ͷ࿩͕͋ͬͨɽ࣮͸ࢁ‫͞ޱ‬Μʹ͸ୀ੮લʹͦͷลͷ࿩Λฉ͍ͯ͋ͬͯɼͦΕʹ͍ͭͯ͸ʮ৔߹ʹΑͬͯ͸২෺ͷࠜͬ͜
ͷͱ͜Ζ͔Β‫ٵ‬ΘΕΔ͜ͱ΋͋ΓಘΔɼͨͩΑ͘Θ͔͍ͬͯͳ͍ʯͱ͍͏ίϝϯτΛ΋Β͍ͬͯΔɽͦΕ͔Β΋
͏ 1 ͭɼ
ʮྫ͑͹೪౔߭෺ɼӢ฼ͷ෩ԽΛਐΊΔͱ͍͏͜ͱ͕Մೳͳͷ͔ʁ෩ԽΛਐΊΔ͜ͱʹΑΓଟ͘ͷ‫ٵ‬ணαΠτ͕Ͱ͖ΔͷͰ͸ʯͱ࣭໰ͨ͠ɽͦΕʹؔͯ͠͸ɼʮͦ͏͍͏͜ͱΛ΍͍ͬͯΔਓ΋͍Δɼ͔͠͠ɼͳ͔͙ͥ͢
ʹ΋ͱʹ໭ͬͯ͠·͏ɽ೪౔߭෺ͱ͍͏͔Ӣ฼͕Ͱ͖Δ
ੜ੒ͱ෩Խͱ͍͏දཪҰମͷաఔΛ‫ڀݚ‬ςʔϚͱͯ͠औΓ૊Ήඞཁ͕͋Δʯͱͷճ౴Λ௖͍͍ͯΔɽ࣍͸‫͞ޱݪ‬Μʹର͢Δ࣭໰ɽআછͰઢྔΛԼ͛ΔͨΊʹ͸೪౔Λআ‫͕͍ྑ͕͏΄ͨ͠ڈ‬ɼҰํͰ์ࣹੑ Cs Λ‫ٵ‬ணͤ͞࡞෺΁ͷҠߦΛ཈͑ΔͨΊʹ͸೪౔߭෺Λ࢒ͨ͠΄͏͕ྑ͍ͱ͍͏͜ͱʹͳΔɽμϜ΍೶஍ͷ೪౔߭෺͸আ‫͍ྑ͕͏΄ͨ͠ڈ‬ͷ͔࢒ͨ͠΄͏͕ྑ͍ͷ͔ߟ͑Λ࢕͍͍ͨɽՃ͑ͯɼಓ૯‫ݚ‬ͷத௰͞Μ͔Β΋࣭໰Λ͓‫ئ‬͍͍ͨ͠ɽத௰ʢ๺ւಓཱ૯߹‫ߏػڀݚ‬ʣɿ২෺ʹΑΔ Cs ‫ٵ‬ऩͷ࿩͕Ϟσϧͷͱ͜ΖͰग़͕ͨɼ
২෺‫ٵ‬ऩʹΑΔআછ͸ඇৗʹ೉͍͠ͱฉ͍͍ͯΔɽ͜Εʹ͍ͭͯ͸શ͘ժ͕ͳ͍ͷ͔ʁ‫ޱݪ‬ɿ࠷ॳͷ఺͸ɼ೪౔Λු͔ͯ͠ണ͙ͱ͔࠷ॳ͸͍Ζ͍ΖΞΠσΞ͕͕͋ͬͨɼ๯಄ͷߔ‫͞ޱ‬Μͷάϥϑʹ΋͋ͬͨΑ͏ʹɼߞ͏Μ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍౔Ͱ͋ͦ͜·Ͱूੵ͍ͯ͠
ΔͷͰ͋Ε͹ͦͷ··औΔͱ͍͏ͷ͕ࢲͲ΋ͷΞΠσΞ
Ͱɼࣄ‫Ͱۀ‬΋ͦͷํ๏Ͱେ൒͕ਐΜͰ͍Δɽ‫ٵ‬ணΛͤ͞
ΔͨΊʹθΦϥΠτͳͲΛೖΕΔ͜ͱ͸‫ݱ‬৔Ͱ΋ߦΘΕ͍ͯΔ͕ɼද౔Λണ͍ͩ‫͑ߦʹޙ‬͹ྑ͍ͱࢥ͏ɽ2 ఺໨͸ɼࢲ͸২෺ʹ͍ͭͯͷৄ͍͠஌ࣝΛ͍࣋ͬͯͳ͍͕ɼ
౰ॳɼ೶ਫͰ΋ώϚϫϦͷࢼ‫ߦ͕ݧࢼ͔ͭز͔ͱݧ‬ΘΕͨɽ͔͠͠ɼ২෺΁ͷҠߦ͕૬౰খ͘͞ɼ͔ͨ͠୯७ʹฏ‫ׂͯ͠ۉ‬Δͱ 2000 ೥͔͔ۙ͘Δͱ͍͏Α͏ͳ਺ࣈͰ
͋ͬͨɽࢲͲ΋͸ɼ২෺ʹΑΔআછ͸ɼࠓ͸‫ܧ‬ଓ͢ΔΞ
ΠσΞ͸ͳ͍ͱ͍͏ঢ়‫ͩگ‬ɽࢿྉɿୈ 55 ճ౔৕෺ཧֶձγϯϙδ΢Ϝ૯߹౼࿦ߔ‫ޱ‬ɿ২෺ʹؔ͢Δ࿩ͱͯ͠ɼ঎༻Λ໨తͱ͠ͳ͍࡞෺Λ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ͷӨ‫ͳ͘ͳ͕ڹ‬Δ·Ͱ࠿ഓ͢Δ͜ͱͰআછ͢Δ
͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͷ͔ɼͱ͍͏࣭໰Λ‫ذ‬ෞେֶͷ෰෦͞Μ͔Β௖͍͍ͯΔɽ୩ࢁɿ২෺Ͱ΋ҰԠ‫ٵ‬ऩ͢ΔͷͰআછͷՄೳੑ͸͋Δɽͨͩ
͠ϙΠϯτ͸൒‫ظݮ‬ͷ 30 ೥ɼͦΕΑΓ΋ૣ͘‫ٵ‬ऩ͢Δ͜
ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ͔ͱ͍͏͜ͱ͕ͩɼࠓͷͱ͜Ζͦ͏͍ͬͨ২
෺͸ແ͍ɽ‫ݱ‬஍ࢼ‫Ͱݧ‬͸আછʹ͸ 100 ೥ͱ͔ 1000 ೥ͱ͍ͬͨ݁Ռ͔͠ग़ͳ͍ͷͰɼͦ͏͍ͬͨҙຯͰ͸২෺আછ͸͋·Γల๬͕ͳ͍ͱࢥ͏ɽՃ͑ͯɼ‫ٵ‬ऩͨ͠࡞෺ମΛͲ͏͢Δ͔ͱ͍͏ඇৗʹେ͖ͳ໰୊͕͋Δɽ༰ੵ͸େ
͖͘ɼ·͍ͨ࣪ͬͯΔͨΊɼͦΕΛփʹͯ͠ೱॖ͠ɼߴ
ೱ౓ഇ‫غ‬෺ͱͯ͠தؒஷଂࢪઃ΍Ӭ‫ٱ‬ஷଂࢪઃʹஷଂ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɽͦ͏͍ͬͨखؒՋΛߟ͑ͯ΋ɼ২෺আછʹల๬͸ͳ͍ͱࢥ͏ɽνΣϧϊϒΠϦͷ࣌΋ɼώϚϫϦͱ͔ࡊछͱ͔༉ྐ࡞෺Λ೶஍ͷߥഇԽΛ๷͙ͨΊʹҭͯͨ͜ͱ͕͋Δɽ༉ʹ͸΄ͱΜͲ Cs ͕Ҡߦ͠ͳ͍ͱ
͍͏͜ͱ͕Θ͔͍ͬͯΔͨΊɼόΠΦσΟʔθϧͳͲͰ
ར༻͢Δ͜ͱ͸ՄೳͰ͋Δɽ͔͠͠ɼͦͷόΠΦσΟʔθϧͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ͷ‫ؚ‬༗ྔ͸௿ͯ͘΋ɼͦΕΛ೩΍ͤ͹େ‫ʹؾ‬ഉग़͞ΕΔͱ͍͏ෆ҆΋͋Γɼ୯ʹՊֶతͳ໰୊
Ͱ͸ͳ͍͜ͱ͕͜ͷ໰୊ͷ೉͍͠ͱ͜Ζͩɽߔ‫ޱ‬ɿ࣍ʹࠤ໺͞Μ͔Β୩ࢁ͞Μ΁ͷ࣭໰Λ௖͍͍ͯΔɽ
ࠤ໺ʢେࡕ෎ཱ‫ڥ؀‬೶ྛਫ࢈૯߹‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣɿϦεΫ؅ཧʹ͓͚Δ‫ج‬४஋͸͍Ζ͍Ζ͋Δͱࢥ͏ɽ͜
Ε͸์ࣹੑ෺࣭ʹ‫ݶ‬Βͣଞͷ༗֐෺࣭ɼॏۚଐ΍೶ༀͳͲͷ༗‫ػ‬෺Ͱ΋ͦ͏͕ͩɼ΍͸ΓҰൠ͔Β͸θϩϦε
Ϋ͕‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕ͍ͯΔͷ͕‫ݱ‬ঢ়͔ͱࢥ͏ɽͨͩɼ‫ز‬Β͔͸ೖ͍ͬͯΔͱ͍͏‫ݱ‬ঢ়ͷதͰɼͲͷΑ͏ʹϦεΫΛ௿‫ݮ‬Ͱ͖͔ͨͷ੒ՌΛΞϐʔϧ͢Δࡍͷ͏·͍આ໌ͷ࢓ํʹ͍ͭͯɼ͓ߟ͑Λ͓ฉ͔ͤ௖͖͍ͨɽ
୩ࢁɿඇৗʹ೉͍͠໰୊Ͱɼͦͷํ໘ͷϦεΫίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ·Ͱ౿ΈࠐΊͳ͍ͷ͕ͩɼࠓͷ৯඼ͷ‫ج‬४஋ͷ
100 ϕΫϨϧ͸ɼ೥ؒͷඃമઢྔΛ̍ϛϦγʔϕϧτҎԼʹ཈͑Δ͜ͱͰܾΊΒΕ͍ͯΔɽͨͱ͑͹ɼχϡʔϤʔΫग़ுΛͯ͠δΣοτ‫ʹػ‬৐Ε͹Ӊ஦ઢ͔Β 0.2 ϛϦγʔϕϧτඃമ͢Δɽͦ͏͍ͬͨ΋ͷͱൺֱͯ͠ߟ͑
Ε͹ɼࠓͷ‫ج‬४͸ຊ౰ʹ໰୊ͳ͍ͱߟ͍͑ͯΔɽͨͩ͠ɼ
ಉ༷ͷ໰୊ͱͯ͠ɼ͜ͷલ΋ϚείϛͰऔΓ্͛ΒΕ͍͕ͯͨɼ͕Μͷൃੜ཰ʹᮢ஋͕͋Δ͔ͱ͍͏໰୊͕͋Δɽ
ᮢ஋͕ͳ͍ͱ͢Ε͹θϩϦεΫ͸θϩϕΫϨϧʹͳΒͳ͍‫ݶ‬Γ͸͋Γಘͳ͍ɽ͜Ε͸ɼΧυϛχ΢ϜͰ΋ԿͰ΋ಉ͡Ͱ͸ͳ͍͔ͱࢥ͏ɽ͔͠͠ɼͲ͏ͯ͠΋์ࣹੑ Cs
͸ಛผͳ΋ͷͱߟ͑ΒΕ͍ͯͯɼ೔ຊͷ‫੍ن‬ͷதͰͲ͏͢Δ͔͸ඇৗʹ಄ͷ௧͍͜ͱͩɽߔ‫ޱ‬ɿ
͋ͱ 1 ݅ɼ෱ౡ‫ॅࡏݝ‬ͷѨ෦͞Μ͔Β࣭໰Λ௖͍͍ͯΔɽʮ์ࣹੑ Cs ͸‫ۃ‬ΊͯඍྔͰ͋Γɼ·ͨͲͷΑ͏ͳঢ়ଶͰඈࢄ͖ͯͯ͠ɼͲͷΑ͏ͳঢ়ଶͰଘࡏ · ྼԽ͢Δͱ
͍͏͜ͱͰΘ͔Βͳ͍͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ɽύʔςΟΫϧ΍෼ࢠϨϕϧͰ͸͍Ζ͍ΖͱධՁ͕ҧͬͯ͘Δɽࢲ͸ࠓ‫ޙ‬෱ౡ‫಺ݝ‬ͷத௨Γͱ඿௨Γͷ 2 ஍۠Ͱ Cs ͷঢ়ଶ΍‫ܗ‬ଶมԽΛൺֱ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ࠓ‫ޙ‬ॏཁʹͳͬͯ͘Δͱࢥ͏ɽͦͷҙຯͰ͸ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶձ͕ଞͷֶձͱަྲྀ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ඞཁ
ͩͱࢥ͏ʯͱ͍͏౰ֶձʹର͢Δ‫ر‬๬͕‫ͤد‬ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ
2 ஍۠ͰͷൺֱΞϓϩʔν͕ࠓ‫ޙ‬ॏཁͰ͋Ζ͏ͱͷࢦఠ

47

Ͱ͋Δ͕ɼ୩ࢁ͞Μɼ͜ͷ఺ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ʮͦ͏Ͱ͢ʯͱ
͍͏ճ౴Ͱྑ͍͔ɽ
୩ࢁɿֶձ͝ͱʹ෼͚ͯߟ͑Δ͜ͱ͸શ͘ߟ͑ͯແ͍ɽϞχλϦϯάͰ͋Ε͹౔৕ංྉֶձɼ೶‫ۀ‬೶ଜ޻ֶձɼͦͷଞ Cs ͷઐ໳ՈͰ͋Ε͹ֶձΛִͯͣ৭ʑͱօ͞ΜͰ‫ڠ‬ྗͯ͠΋Β͍͍ͨɽCs Λཧղ͍ͯ͠Δઐ໳Ոʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼ୭Ͱ΋੠Λ͔͚͍ͨɽߔ‫ޱ‬ɿ࣍ʹ࿩୊Λม͑ͯɼ‫ڀݚ‬ઓུʹ޲͚ͯٞ࿦͍ͨ͠ (Fig.
1)ɽ‫ڀݚ‬ઓུͱ͍͏ͱɼPDCA αΠΫϧɼPlan · Do ·Check · Action ͱ͍͏ͷΛօ͞Μ͸ฉ͍ͨ͜ͱ͕͋Δͱ
ࢥ͏ɽ࣮͸ࢲ͕ͪΐͬͱؔΘ͍ͬͯΔখֶߍͰ͸ɼ͜
ͷ PDCA αΠΫϧͷલʹ S Λ͚͍ͭͯΔɽ͜ͷ S ͸
Standing Ͱ͋Γɼͦͷ৔ʹཱͭɼ·ͣ͸্ཱ͕ͪΔ͜ͱ͕ɼ࣮͸ઓུΛͭ͘Δͱ͖ʹҰ൪େࣄͰ͋Δɽͦ͏͍͏
ҙຯͰࠓճͷूձ͕ɼ͜ͷ S ʹͳͬͯ͘ΕͨΒ͍͍ͱ‫ظ‬଴͍ͯ͠ΔɽS ͷ 1 ͭͷ͖͔͚ͬ͸ɼ໌೔༧ఆ͍ͯ͠Δ‫ݱ‬৔‫͏ࢥͱֶͩݟ‬ɽΈΜͳ͕‫ݱ‬৔ʹߦͬͯɼࠓ೔ͷٞ࿦Λ౿·͑ͳ͕Βɼ‫ͯݟ‬ɼ΍Δ‫ͯͬ͘ͳʹؾ‬ΕΕ͹ɼ͜ͷ
SPDCA αΠΫϧͷ S ͕·ͣͰ͖Δɽզʑͷ౔৕෺ཧֶ
ձ͸ɼ఻౷తͳ෦෼΋͋Δ͚ΕͲ΋ɼͲͪΒ͔ͱ͍͏ͱ
Ԡ༻Λ༨Γҙࣝͤͣʹ‫ֶૅج‬໰Λେࣄʹ͖ͯͨ͠ɽ΋ͪ
ΖΜ‫ૅج‬͸େࣄɽ͜Ε͸͜Ε͔Β΋ͣͬͱେࣄʹ͍ͯ͘͠΂͖͕ͩɼ࣮͸‫࣮ݱ‬໰୊ͱͯ͠໨ͷલʹͦͷ‫ૅج‬Λࠓͦ͜‫͔͢׆‬λΠϛϯά͕དྷ͍ͯΔɽࠓ೔ͷγϯϙδ΢Ϝ
ͷൃදͰ͸ίϩΠυ΍೪౔΍ਁಁͱ͍ͬͨΩʔϫʔυ͕ग़ͨɽ͜͜Ͱࢲ͸օ͞Μʹ͓ฉ͖͍ͨ͠ͱࢥ͏ɽ໨ͷલʹ͋Δ౔৕ͱ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ͷ໰୊ʹରͯ͠ଞʹඞཁͳֶ͸ԿͰ͠ΐ͏͔ʁ͜͏͍͏‫ֶૅج‬ɼ‫ૅج‬෼໺͕͋Δɼ͜ΕΛ࢖͏΂͖Ͱ͸ͳ͍͔ͱ͍͏ҙ‫ݟ‬ͷ͋Δਓ͸खΛ‫ͯ͛ڍ‬௖͖͍ͨɽ·ͨํ๏࿦ʹؔͯ͠ɼ‫ݱ‬৔‫ܕ‬ͷ‫ڀݚ‬Λ͢Δͷ͔ɼଌఆٕज़Λ։ൃ͢Δͷ͔ɼ͋Δ͍͸࣮‫ݧ‬Λ͢Δͷ͔ɼσʔλΛ෼ੳ · γϛϡϨʔγϣϯ͢Δͷ͔ɼ͜ͷεϥΠυʹࣔͨ͠ΩʔϫʔυΛ‫͕ͳݟ‬Βɼ͜͏͍͏͜ͱΛߟ͑Δ΂͖͡Όͳ͍͔ͱ͍͏ҙ‫͕͋ݟ‬Ε͹ɼखΛ‫ݴൃͯ͛ڍ‬ͯ͠௖͖͍ͨɽ
ਫ໺ʢ‫ࢠঁ౎ژ‬େֶʣɿզʑ͸؆қ‫ܕ‬ͷΨϯϚΧϝϥΛ։ൃͨ͠ɽଌఆ͠ͳ͕
Βআછ͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ःณ΋૊Έ߹ΘͤͯઢྔΛ‫ݮ‬Β͢͜ͱΛ‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ɽःณ΋͍Ζ͍Ζͳํ๏͕͋Δ͕ɼนΛ⥲ྜウㄽ䠖ᅵተ≀⌮䛾ᨺᑕᛶ≀㉁◊✲ᡓ␎䛻ྥ䛡䛶◊✲ᡓ␎䠖 SPDCA䝃䜲䜽䝹䈄 ⌧≧ᢕᥱ䇵 ⌧ሙぢᏛ䈄 ◊✲䠄ᇶ♏䛸ᛂ⏝䠅䇵 䝁䝻䜲䝗䚸⢓ᅵ䚸ᾐ㏱

䈄 ᡭἲ
䇵 ⌧ሙ䞉

ᐃ䞉ᐇ㦂䞉ศᯒ䞉䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䈄 㐃ᦠ䇵 ఫẸ䠉⾜ᨻ䠉⌧ሙᢏ⾡⪅䠉◊✲⪅

䈄 ண⟬
䇵䠛

Fig. 1 ౔৕෺ཧͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭‫ڀݚ‬ઓུɽResearch strategy on radioactive material issue.

48౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)

Photo. 1 ૯߹౼࿦ͷ༷ࢠɽ

ཱͯΔ͚ͩͰ͸ͳͯ͘ɼਫฏํ޲ʹ޿͕͍ͬͯΔ΋ͷʹରͯ͠ਫฏํ޲ʹബ͘෴౔Λ͢Δ͚ͩͰɼࣼΊ͔ΒདྷΔΨϯϚઢͷःณޮ཰্͕͕Δͱ͍͏ํ๏Λ౔৕ʹରͯ͠΋ద༻ͨ͠ɽ࣮ࡍʹίϯϐϡʔλγϛϡϨʔγϣϯΛ΍ΓɼͲ͏͢Ε͹‫͍ͯͬ͘ݮ‬ͷ͔Λ໨Ͱ‫͕ͳݟ‬Β‫ݱ‬৔ͷ౰ࣄऀͱ૬ஊ͠ͳ͕Β‫ݮ‬Β͍ͯ͜͠͏ͱߟ͍͑ͯΔɽͦ
͏͍͏࣮ફతͳํ๏ɼͦΕ͸Ұ݅Ұ݅΍͍ͬͯ͘͜ͱʹͳΔͷͰඇৗʹख͕͔͔ؒΔͱࢥ͏͕ɼࠓͷΑ͏ͳԿ΋ߟ͑ͳ͍আછΛ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯେྔͷ౔৕͕ൃੜͯ͠
͠·͏ͱ͍͏ΑΓ͸·͔ͩ͑ͬͯ‫࣮ݱ‬తͰ͸ͳ͍͔ͱࢥ
͏ɽͦ͏͍͏ख๏Λ۩ମతʹࢼߦࡨ‫͕ͳ͠ޡ‬Β౸ୡͯ͠
͖͍ͯΔɽ
ߔ‫ޱ‬ɿ
͜͜Ͱ‫͞⃻ٶ‬Μʢ೔ຊਫ౔૯߹‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣ͔Βίϝϯτ
௖͖͍ͨɽ‫⃻ٶ‬ʢ೔ຊਫ౔૯߹‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣɿνΣϧϊϒΠϦͱ͔ɼͦͷલͷ 1960 ೥୅ͷେ‫಺ݍؾ‬ͷ࣮֩‫Ͱݧ‬ඃ֐͕શ஍‫ʹٿ‬Ί͙͍ͬͯͨͱ͖ʹɼՊֶऀ͕ͨͪͦΕΛԿͱ͔‫ͯ͠༻׆‬Պֶతʹ஌‫ݟ‬ΛಘΑ͏ͱͯ͠౒ྗͨ͠ɽͦͷ࣮੷Λա‫͍ͯͬ࣋ʹڈ‬Δɽࠓճͷ 3.11
ʹ͍ͭͯ΋ಉ͡Α͏ʹɼ͋Δ͍͸ͦΕҎ্ʹඃ֐Λ‫ه‬ԱʹͱͲΊͳ͕Β΋ֶज़తͳ஝ੵΛɼࠓԿͱ͔৽͍͠΋ͷΛ͍ͭͬͯ͘͜͏ͱ͍ͯ͠Δ࠷தͩͱࢥ͏ɽ౔৕෺ཧֶ
ձ͕΍Δͷͩͱ͍͏;͏ʹಥग़ͯ͠ɼ͕࢟‫͑ݟ‬Δ‫Ͱܗ‬΍Γ͍ͨͱ͍͏‫ئ‬๬ · ೤๬΋͢͹Β͍͠ͱࢥ͏ɽશવ൓ର
͢Δ‫ؾ‬͸ͳ͍ͷ͕ͩɼଞͷֶձͱҰॹʹͰ͖Ε͹ɼಛʹҩֶؔ܎ͷਓͨͪͱ΋͏গ͍ۙͮͯ͜͠ͷ࿩͕Ͱ͖ͨΒɼ΋ͬͱ໘ന͍ͱࢥ͏ɽ೔ຊֶज़ձٞͰ΋͜͏͍͏ձٞΛͨ͘͞Μ΍͍ͬͯΔɽࠓ೔ͷ౔৕ͷ࿩୊͕ࢲͷҰ൪ಘҙ
ͳͱ͜Ζ͔ͩΒָ͘͠ฉ͍͍ͯΔͷ͕ͩɼ೔ຊֶज़ձٞ
Ͱ͜ͷςʔϚΛٞ࿦͢Δͱɼͦ͜ʹ‫཭ڑ‬Λ‫ͯ͡ײ‬গ͠ҧ͏ͳͱ͍͏‫͍ͭͰͪ࣋ؾ‬΋ฉ͍͍ͯΔɽҩֶతͰ͋ͬͨ
Γɼ‫ڕ‬ͷ࿩Ͱ͋ͬͨΓɼ஍্ͷ͜ͱ͹͔Γ࿩͕ग़Δɽࠓ೔ͷΑ͏ʹ஍Լͷ࿩͕ͳ͔ͳ͔දʹग़ͯ͜ͳ͍ɽ͜ͷ஍্ͱ஍ԼΛ‫ͱ͙͜ܨ‬͸ɼߔ‫͞ޱ‬Μ͕ߟ͍͑ͯΔͱ͓ΓͰେࣄͩͱࢥ͏ɽ͔ͩΒɼ࿩ͷྲྀΕ͸൓ରͰ͸ͳͯ͘ࢍ੒
ͳͷ͕ͩɼ·ͩ‫ײ࣮͏͍ͱͳ͍ͳ͍͕ͯͬܨ‬͸͋Δɽߔ‫ޱ‬ɿҩֶձͱ͔ଞͷֶձͱͷ࿈‫ܞ‬΋औΓ্͛Δ΂͖ͩͬͨͱ͸ࢥ͏ɽͨͩɼզʑ͸౔৕෺ཧֶձͳͷͰɼ΍ͬͺΓ౔৕෺ཧʹ࣠଍͕͋ΔɽࠓேͷεϥΠυͰ΋આ໌͕ͨ͠ɼ
ࢲࣗ਎͸࠷ऴతͳ໨తͱͯ͠ɼͦ͜ʹॅΜͰ͍ΔਓͨͪͷͨΊʹԿ͔ΞΫγϣϯΛ‫͍ͯͬࢥͱ͍ͨ͜͠ى‬Δɽ൧‫ؘ‬ଜͷଜ௕͞Μ͸ɼʮ࠷ॳʹ‫ʹ͖ͱ͕ͨͬ͋ނࣄൃݪ‬Ұ൪ࠔͬͨͷ͸Ϛείϛͱ‫ͨͬͩऀڀݚ‬ʯͱΑ͘‫͓ͯͬݴ‬ΒΕΔɽʮϚείϛ͸དྷͯ૽͙͚ͩ૽͙ɽ‫ऀڀݚ‬͸ࣗ෼ͷ‫͑࢖ʹ͕͜͜ڀݚ‬Δͱདྷ͚ͨΕͲ΋ɼͦͷ݁Ռ͕Ͳ͏
ͳ͔ͬͨΛใࠂ͠ͳ͍··དྷͳ͘ͳͬͯ͠·͏ɽͦ͏͍
͏ରԠ͚ͩͰେมͩͬͨʯͱ͓ͬ͠Ό͍ͬͯͨɽզʑ͸ɼࣗ෼ͷ‫ڀݚ‬ςʔϚͰԿ͔Ͱ͖Δͱࢥͬͯ΋ɼ࠷ऴతʹ͸ͦ͜ʹॅΜͰ͍Δॅຽͷํʑ͕ཧղͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹɼͦ͜ʹؐ‫͢ݩ‬Δ͜ͱΛ͍ͭ΋ߟ͓͔͑ͯͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ɽͦ
͏͠ͳ͍ͱ΍Γͬ์͠ʹͳͬͨΓɼ‫ʹٯ‬໎࿭Λ͔͚ͨΓ
͢Δ͜ͱʹͳΔɽզʑ͸͜ͷ͜ͱΛৗʹҙ͓ࣝͯ͘͠ඞ
ཁ͕͋Δɽͭ·Γɼզʑ‫ऀڀݚ‬͸ɼ‫ݱ‬৔ٕज़ऀͰ͋ͬͨ
ΓɼॅຽͱͷؒͰ͍Ζ͍Ζͱௐ੔ͯ͘͠ΕΔߦ੓ϚϯͰ͋ͬͨΓɼ͍ΖΜͳਓͨͪͷதͰࣗ෼ͨͪͷ‫ڀݚ‬Λ‫͔׆‬͢͜ͱΛߟ͓͔͑ͯͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ɽͦ͏͍͏ҙຯͰɼ࿈‫͏͍ͱܞ‬ͷ͸ඇৗʹॏཁͩ͠ɼֶձһͱͯͦ͠ΕΛҙ֤͕ࣝͯࣗࣗ͠෼ͷ‫ڀݚ‬ςʔϚΛߜΓࠐΜͰ͍ͬͯཉ͠
͍ͱࢥ͏ɽͦͷ఺ʹ͍ͭͯɼଞʹԿ͔๨Ε͍ͯΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ɼ͜͏͍͏͜ͱ΋΍Δ΂͖ͩͱ͍͏ҙ‫͕͋ݟ‬Ε͹ɼखΛ‫ͯ͠ݴൃͯ͛ڍ‬௖͖͍ͨɽ
ਫ໺ɿࢲͷ৔߹͸πΠολʔͰ͍Ζ͍Ζൃ‫ݴ‬Λ͍ͯͨ͠ɽ֩
෺ཧ͕ઐ໳͕ͩɼ‫܎ؔྗࢠݪ‬ͷਓ͕΄ͱΜͲൃ‫ݴ‬Λ͞Εͳ͔ͬͨͷͰɼ์ࣹઢͷ‫ૅج‬஌ࣝͱ͔Λօ͕஌͓͚ͬͯ
͹൑அ͕Ͱ͖Δͱࢥ͍ൃ‫͍ͨͯ͠ݴ‬ɽ2011 ೥ͷՆʹֶੜΛ࿈Εͯ෱ౡʹߦͬͨ࣌ʹ͓࿩Λฉ͍ͨํ͔Βɼ8 ݄຤ͷษ‫ڧ‬ձͷߨࢣґཔΛ͞Εͨͷ͕ɼͦͷํʑͱͷग़ձ͍ͩͬͨɽҰൠ࿦ͱͯ͠‫ͱ͏ݴ‬ɼ͍Ζ͍ΖͱҰൠͷํ΋‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔϝσΟΞʹ৘ใൃ৴͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼ͋ͷਓʹίϯλΫτΛͱͬͯΈΑ͏ͱ͍͏‫Ͱܗ‬௚઀ɼ‫ͱऀڀݚ‬ॅຽͱͷ‫͕ܨ‬Γ͕ൃੜͨ͠ͱࢥ͏ɽྫ͑͹ࢲ͕ࠓߦͬͯ
͍Δ͍Θ͖ࢢʹ͸ɼ30 Ωϩ‫ॅͰ಺ݍ‬ຽͱ‫͕ऀڀݚ‬࿈‫͠ܞ‬
͍ͯΔͱ͜Ζ͕ 2 Χॴ͙Β͍͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱ͸ɼ࠷ॳʹॅຽͷਓ͕ͨͪࣗ෼ͨͪͰ͍Ζ͍Ζଌఆ͢Δͱ͍͏͜ͱΛ΍ΒΕͨɽ͍Θ͖ࢢͷ৔߹͸ɼࠃʹཔΒͣಠࣗʹআછ͢
Δͱ͍͏‫ࠃͰܗ‬ͷআછ஍͔۠Β͸֎Εͨɽͦͷ݁Ռɼ஍Ҭͷઢྔͷߴ͍ͱ͜ΖΛઌʹআછͯ͠ཉ͍͠ͱ͍ͬͨཧ
༝͔Βɼॅຽͷਓ͕ͨͪԿඦΧॴɼઍΧॴ͙Β͍Λࣗ෼ୡͰઢྔΛͣͬͱଌఆ͍ͯͨ͠ɽࢲ΋͍Ζ͍Ζษ‫ڧ‬ձͷࢧԉͳͲΛͯ͠ަྲྀΛ࣋ͬͨɽ‫ݱ‬৔ٕज़ऀͱͷ‫͕ܨ‬ΓͰ͸ɼ‫͞ऀۀ‬Μ͔ΒϦϞφΠτʢ‫׊‬మ߯ɼమͷࢎԽ߭෺ʣ
Λ෴౔ͱͯ͠ར༻͢Δ͜ͱͰ์ࣹઢྔ͕‫͏͍ͱͨͬݮ‬࿩Λฉ͖ɼ‫ݧ࣮ূݕ‬Λߦͬͨɽ݁Ռɼઌ΄Ͳड़΂ͨࣼΊޮՌ͕ඇৗʹେ͖͘ɼബ͘ࢃ͍͚ͨͩͰ΋์ࣹઢྔͷଌఆ஋͕‫ݮ‬গͨ͜͠ͱ͕෼͔͖ͬͯͨɽͦͷ͔ΘΓɼଌఆ఺ͷߴ͕͞ߴ͍৔߹͸޿͘ࢃ͔ͳ͍ͱବ໨ɽී௨͸ઢྔ‫ܭ‬Λ஍໘ʹஔ͍ͯଌΔɽ͔ͩΒɼ‫Ͱ͚͍ͩͨࢃ͘ڱ‬΋ɼࣼΊʹདྷΔΨϯϚઢ͕େ෯ʹःณ͞ΕΔ݁Ռɼઢྔ཰͕௿
͘ͳΔͱ͍͏ղऍ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽॅຽ · ߦ੓ · ‫ݱ‬৔ٕज़ऀ ·‫ऀڀݚ‬ͷ 4 ͭͷ‫͕ܨ‬Γʹ͍ͭͯɼ۩ମతͳ‫͔ݧܦ‬Β‫͏ݴ‬ͱɼ‫͕ऀڀݚ‬Ұൠͷํ͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔϝσΟΞʹɼ΍Ήʹ΍
·Εͣ৘ใൃ৴͢Δ͜ͱ͕ɼ΍͸Γ‫͕ܨ‬Γͷ͖͔͚ͬͩ
ͱࢥ͏ɽ
ߔ‫ޱ‬ɿ
ॅຽ͕͘͢͝มΘͬͨͱ͍͏ྫ͕ 1 ͭ͋Δɽࢲ͕ࠓ‫׆‬ಈ͍ͯ͠Δ NPO ๏ਓ͸ɼଜຽͱҰॹʹՈ΍ాΜ΅ͷपΓͷ์ࣹઢྔΛଌ͍ͬͯΔɽ͋Δ‫͕ऀۀ‬ΞϩΧʢ೔ཱΞϩΧϝσΟΧϧ‫ࣜג‬ձࣾʣͷඪ४ઢྔ‫ ʹ༻ܭ‬GPS σʔλϩΨʔΛ։ൃͯ͘͠Ε͓͔ͨ͛ͰɼͦΕΛ࣋ͬͯҠಈ
͢Δ͚ͩͰࣗಈతʹ Google Earth ্ʹදࣔ͞Εͨ์ࣹઢࢿྉɿୈ 55 ճ౔৕෺ཧֶձγϯϙδ΢Ϝ૯߹౼࿦49

ͱͯ͠͸ɼԣͷ‫͕ܨ‬ΓΛ࢖͍ͬͯΖ͍Ζͳ‫ऀڀݚ‬ΛଋͶྔΛ஌Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽଜຽͷํͨͪ͸ؔ৺ͷ͋Δ৔ॴ
ͯɼେ͖ͳࢿۚ΍༧ࢉͷެืʹଈ࠲ʹԠืͰ͖ΔΑ͏ͳʹߦͬͯɼ͜͜͸͜Μͳ෩ͩͬͨͱೲಘ͍ͯ͘͠ɽ΍ͬମ੍Λ࡞͓ͬͯ͘͜ͱ΋ඞཁͩͱࢥ͏ͷ͕ͩɼࠓͷͱ͜ͺΓઐ໳Ոͷྗ͍ͬͯ͢͝ͱଜຽͷํ͕ઐ໳ՈΛ৴པ͠Ζ͸۩ମతͳΞΠσΞ͸ແ͍ɽ࢝Ίͯɼ͜Μͳ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔͷͳΒ࣍͸͜Ε΋Ͱ͖ͳ͍͔ͱੵ‫ۃ‬తʹ‫͍ݴ‬ग़͢Α͏ʹͳ͖ͬͯͨɽ͜͏ͨ͠‫ݧܦ‬औग़ɿ͔Βɼࢲ͸ઐ໳Ոͱଜຽͷ৴པʹཪଧͪ͞Εͨ࿈‫ܞ‬͸͢౔৕෺ཧֶձࢽͷฤू௕ͷཱ৔͔Βͷ͓‫͕͍͋ئ‬Δɽ
͘͝ॏཁͩͱࢥ͍ͬͯΔɽձһ΍‫͏͍ͱ͍ͯͬ͘ݮ͕ߘݪ‬࿩͹͔ΓͰ͘͢͝ऐ͠
࠷‫ʹޙ‬ɼ‫ڀݚ‬ઓུͰେࣄͳͷ͸༧ࢉɽ͜Ε͸஌‫ܙ‬Λग़͍ɽࠓճͷτϐοΫͷ৘ใൃ৴ͷ৔ͳͲɼ৘ใࢽͱͯ͠
͔͢͠ͳ͍ɽ͍͘Βྑ͍͜ͱΛ‫͍ͯͯͬݴ‬΋ɼ݁‫ہ‬༧ࢉͷ໾ׂ΋͍͖͍࣋ͨͤͯͨͱࢥ͏ɽօ͞Μͷ͓ྗΛ͓आ͕ແ͍͔ΒͰ͖ͳ͍ͱ͍͏͜ͱʹͳΓ͔Ͷͳ͍ɽ༧ࢉͱ
Γ͍ͨ͠ɽ͍͏ͱɼ͍·ͷ೔ຊͷ࢓૊ΈͷதͰ͸େମ͕‫ڝ‬૪తࢿۚߔ‫ޱ‬ɿͰɼ‫ڝ‬૪ͯ͠औΓ߹͏‫ͳʹ͡ײ‬Δɽ͔͠͠ɼࠓճͷ์ࣹ౔৕෺ཧֶձ΍ֶձࢽʹର͢Δҙ‫ݟ‬ΛϗʔϜϖʔδੑ෺࣭໰୊ʹؔͯ͠‫͑ݴ‬͹ɼ‫ڝ‬૪͢Δͱ͍͏ΑΓ΋ɼ‫ ڠ‬ʢhttps://js-soilphysics.com/ʣʹ͋ΔϝʔϧΞυϨεΛ࢖ྗͯ͠Ұॹʹ΍͍ͬͯ͘ํ๏Λߟ͑Δ͔͠ͳ͍ͱࢥ͏ɽ ͬͯੵ‫ۃ‬తʹ‫ͯͤد‬௖͖͍ͨɽͦΕͰ͸૯߹౼࿦Λͦ͜͏͍͏ҙຯͰ͸ɼ೶‫ߏػݚ‬΍೶‫͕Ͳͳݚ؀‬ɼࠃͷ༧ࢉΕͰऴΘΓʹ͍ͨ͠ͱࢥ͏ɽ͝‫͋ྗڠ‬Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·Λֶձͷ࢖͑ͦ͏ͳਓʹ഑෼ͯ͠ɼ্खʹͦͷਓͷઐ໳ͨ͠ɽੑΛҾ͖ग़͍ͯͬͨ͠Β͍͍ͱࢥ͏ɽଞʹ౔৕෺ཧֶձ

ࡃࠗࠕ࡞↉⣕᳇ⵝ⟎࠮࠶࠻㧔ࠕࠢ࡝࡞⵾㧕EN-1003‫ ․ڎ‬ᓽዊဳኈེ㧔ࡃࠗࠕ࡞↉╬㧕ࠍ⚛ᣧߊኈᤃߦᷫ࿶⁁ᘒߦߔࠆ੐߇ߢ߈
߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
15ml ߩࡃࠗࠕ࡞↉ߢߪ‫ޔ‬หᤨߦ⚂ 35 ᧄߩᷫ࿶߇น⢻ߢߔ‫ޕ‬⚵┙ᑼߢߔߩߢㇱຠߩ੤឵߇ኈᤃߢߔ‫ޕ‬‫࠻࠶࠮ڎ‬ౝኈ  ࡃࠗࠕ࡞↉⣕᳇ⵝ⟎㧝ᑼ㧔⌀ⓨࡑࡁࡔ࡯࠲ઃ㧕  ⌀ⓨࡐࡦࡊ㧝ᑼ㧔ࡎ࡯ࠬ࡮ࠝࠗ࡞࡮ࡒࠬ࠻࠻࡜࠶ࡊઃ㧕‫⵾ڎ‬ㅧ࡮⽼ᄁర  㧔᦭㧕ࠛࡦ࠼࠙ℂൻ   ‫ޥ‬001-0910
    ᧅᏻᏒർ඙ᣂℙૃ 10 ᧦ 7 ৼ⋡ 3 ⇟ 16 ภ   Tel㧦㧔011㧕763-1088  Fax㧦㧔011㧕763-1667
   Mail㧦endo-rika@mb.infosnow.ne.jp
 ̪ᧄ઀᭽ߪ੍๔ߥߊᄌᦝߔࠆ႐ว߇ߏߑ޿߹ߔ

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 126, p.51 ∼ 62 (2014)ౚ݁Λͱ΋ͳ͏໢૸஍Ҭͷ೶஍ʹ͓͚ΔϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ
‫ق‬અมಈ —༠ిਫϙςϯγϟϧηϯαͷར༻ͱౚ౔ʹ͓͚Δਁಁϙςϯγϟϧͷۛຯ —ླ໦৳࣏ 1 · ‫׉‬৓୓໵ 2,4 · ࡾҪͱ΋Έ 2,5 · ҏ౻ത෢ 3 · Ԭᖒɹ޺ 1

Seasonal changes in soil matric potential in an agricultural ﬁeld in Abashiri region with soil freezing:Use of dielectric water potential sensors and examination on osmotic potential of frozen soil.
Shinji SUZUKI1 , Takuya KATSURAGI2,4 , Tomomi MITSUI2,5 , Hirotake ITO3 and Hiromu OKAZAWA1

1. ͸͡Ίʹ
Abstract: The matric potential of soil water was monitored continuously for 2 years in an upland ﬁeld in
Abashiri region where the soils freeze in winter. Dielectricwater potential sensors (MPS-1) were installed at depths
of 0.05, 0.35, and 0.45 m, respectively, and the matric potentials of frozen soil were calculated as a function of soil
temperature. The effect of osmotic potential on lowering
the water potential of unfrozen water in frozen soil was
negligible for the soil under ﬁeld condition (EC1:5 = 0.16
dS m−1 ), hence the water potential of the unfrozen water
was able to be regarded as the matric potential. The relationship between the output value of MPS-1 and the matric potential measured by a tensiometer indicated that thecalibration equations provided by the manufacturer underestimated the matric potential and resulted in precise measurement by the MPS-1. The annual maximum soil frost
depths were around 0.3 m. The matric potentials observed
during frozen periods were signiﬁcantly lower than the matric potentials observed during unfrozen periods. Soil water mostly moved downward between 0.35 m and 0.45 m
depths during the unfrozen period, while moving upward
during the frozen period for 2 to 3 months. However, evenduring unfrozen periods, once or twice a year, the matricpotential at a depth of 0.05 m fell to near the depletionof soil moisture content for optimum growth (−100 kPa).
Consequently, matric potentials below the measurement
range of the tensiometer were able to be observed in thepresent study.
Key Words : frozen soil, water potential, thermodynamics, dielectric soil water sensor, soil water dynamics
1 Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agricul-

ture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan. Corresponding authorɿླ໦৳࣏, ౦‫ژ‬೶‫ۀ‬େֶ஍Ҭ‫ڥ؀‬Պֶ෦ੜ࢈‫ֶ޻ڥ؀‬Պ
2 Graduate School of Tokyo University of Agriculture.
3 Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture.
4 Present address: Itabashi City Ofﬁce, Tokyo, Japan.
5 Present address: Kanagawa Prefectural Government, Japan.
2013 ೥ 8 ݄ 23 ೔डߘɹ 2014 ೥ 3 ݄ 16 ೔डཧ๺ւಓͷ౦෦ʹҐஔ͠ɼΦϗʔπΫւʹ໘ͨ͠໢૸஍
Ҭ͸ɼാ࡞΍ཙ೶ͷେ‫ن‬໛‫ܦ‬Ӧ͕੝ΜͰ͋Γɼ·ͨզ͕ࠃͰ࠷΋߱ਫྔͷগͳ͍஍Ҭͷ 1 ͭͰ͋Δɽۙ೥ɼ‫ׯ‬ఱൃੜճ਺ͷ૿Ճ͕ใࠂ͞ΕΔͱͱ΋ʹʢૣ໺Β, 2001ʣɼকདྷʹ͓͍ͯɼ͜ͷ஍ҬपลͰ͸Ն‫ق‬ʢ7 ݄ʣͷ߱ਫྔ͕‫ݮ‬গ͢ΔՄೳੑ͕ࣔ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢ‫ؾ‬৅ி, 2005ʣɽҰํɼ೥࠷େ೔Ӎྔ͕૿Ճ͍ͯ͠Δͱͷใࠂ΋͋Δʢਿࢁ · ࠤ
౉, 2006ʣɽͦͷͨΊ໢૸஍Ҭͷ೶஍౔৕Ͱ͸ࠓ‫ޙ‬ɼ‫࣪ס‬ͷมԽ͕ஶ͘͠ͳΔ͜ͱ͕‫ݒ‬೦͞ΕΔɽ
໢૸஍ҬΛ‫ؚ‬Ή๺ւಓͷಓ౦஍ํͰ͸͞Βʹɼౙ‫ʹق‬͸౔৕͕ౚ݁͢Δɽ౔৕͕ౚ݁͢Δͱɼౚ౔૚Լ૚ͷ౔৕ਫ͕ౚ౔૚΁‫͞څڙ‬ΕɼණͷྔΛ૿Ճͤ͞ΔʢIwata

and Hirota, 2005; Tokumoto et al., 2010; ౉ลΒ, 2010ʣɽ
·ͨౚ݁ͷൃୡʹͱ΋ͳͬͯಁਫੑ͕௿Լ͢ΔͨΊɼ༥ઇਫͷਁಁ͕๦͛ΒΕΔʢHardy et al., 2001; Iwata et al.,2010aʣɽͦͷͨΊಓ౦஍ํͰ͸ɼ༥ઇਫ͕஍දʹఀ଺͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΔय़ͷ೶࡞‫ۀ‬։࢝ͷ஗Ε΍ɼද໘ྲྀ‫ʹڈ‬ΑΔՏ઒΁ͷ౔࠭ͷྲྀग़ɼ͓Αͼਫ࣭ෛՙͷ૿େ͕‫ݒ‬೦͞Ε͖ͯͨʢ౔୩ · দా, 1984; लౡΒ 2002; ӏ໦Β, 2003ʣɽ
͔͠͠ಓ౦஍ํͰ͸ۙ೥ɼੵઇ࣌‫ʹͱͨͬ͜·ૣ͕ظ‬Αͬͯ౔৕͕அ೤͞Εɼౚ݁ਂ͕ஶ͍͠‫ݮ‬গ܏޲Λࣔ͢Α͏ʹͳͬͨʢHirota et al., 2006; ‫ాݪ‬Β, 2009ʣɽͦͷ݁Ռɼ΄ͱΜͲશͯͷ༥ઇਫ͕ɼఀ଺ͤͣʹ౔৕தʹਁಁͨ͠ͱ͍͏ใࠂ͕͋ΔʢIwata et al., 2010a; Iwata et al.,2010bʣɽ
͜ͷΑ͏ʹɼಓ౦஍ํɼͱ͘ʹ໢૸஍Ҭʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼ‫ީؾ‬ͷมಈ͕೥ؒΛ௨ͨ͠೶஍ͷਫจ‫ڥ؀‬ͷมԽΛҾ͖‫͍ͯ͜͠ى‬Δ͜ͱ͕ਪ࡯͞ΕΔɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳঢ়‫ʹگ‬Ԡͯ͡೶஍ͷਫ؅ཧΛద੾ʹߦ͏ͨΊʹ͸ɼਫจ‫ڥ؀‬ͷมԽʹؔ͢Δ஌‫ݟ‬ͷ஝ੵ͕ඞཁͰ͋Δ͕ɼౙ‫౔ʹق‬৕͕ౚ݁
͢Δ໢૸஍ҬͰ͸ɼϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ௨೥‫؍‬ଌ͕ࠔ೉Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ

52

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)
ଌఆ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δͱ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢDecagon Devices,2008ʣɽ
͔͠͠ɼMalazian et al.ʢ2011ʣ͸ MPS-1 ͷಛੑʹ͍ͭͯௐ΂ͨ݁Ռɼ1 ೥൒Ҏ্ηϯαͷ඼࣭͕ྼԽ͠ͳ͔ͬ
ͨ΋ͷͷɼηϯαͷֱਖ਼͸ඞཁͰ͋Δͱड़΂͍ͯΔɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͸ɼMPS-1 ͷग़ྗ஋ʹ͸ηϥϛοΫԁ൫͚ͩͰͳ
͘ɼपลͷ౔৕ͷਫ෼ঢ়ଶ͕Ө‫͢ڹ‬Δ͜ͱΛ͍ࣔࠦͯ͠
Δɽ໢૸஍Ҭʹ͸Րࢁփ౔৕͕޿͘෼෍͓ͯ͠ΓʢShoji,

1990ʣɼՐࢁփ౔৕͸ಛҟͳ༠ిಛੑΛࣔ͢͜ͱ͔Βʢ‫ٶ‬ຊ · ஜࢵ, 2000ʣɼMPS-1 ͷ࢖༻ʹࡍ͠ɼֱਖ਼͕ඞཁͰ͋
Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽҰൠʹ౔৕ਫͷԽֶϙςϯγϟϧ͸७ਫΑΓ΋௿͍ͨΊɼ‫͕఺ݻڽ‬Լ͕Γɼ౔৕͕ౚ݁ͨ͠‫ޙ‬΋౔৕ਫͷҰ෦͸ӷମͷ··ଘࡏ͢ΔʢIwata et al., 1995ʣɽౚ౔தʹ‫·ؚ‬ΕΔ͜ͷΑ͏ͳӷঢ়ਫΛෆౚਫͱ‫Ϳݺ‬ɽେ‫ؾ‬ѹԼͷౚ౔ʹ͓͍ͯɼණͱฏߧ͍ͯ͠Δෆౚਫͷਫϙςϯγϟϧʢψw ɼMPaʣͱԹ౓ʢT ɼ◦ Cʣͷؒʹ͸ɼClausius-

Fig. 1 ໺֎‫؍‬ଌʹ͓͚Δ‫ࡐػ‬ͷ഑ஔɽ
Layout of the instruments used in ﬁeld observation.

ϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͸ɼ౔৕ͷ‫࣪ס‬ͷఔ౓Λද͢

Clapeyron ͷࣜʹ‫͖ͮج‬ɼҎԼͷؔ܎͕͋ΔʢMizoguchi,
1993; Iwata et al., 1995ʣɽψw = 1.23T = ψm + Π(1)͜͜ʹɼψm ͱ Π ͸ͦΕͧΕɼϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟࢦඪͰ͋Δͱಉ࣌ʹɼ2 ஍఺ؒͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟ

ϧ͓ΑͼਁಁϙςϯγϟϧͰ͋Γɼ୯Ґ͸‫ ʹڞ‬MPa Ͱϧͷ͕ࠩɼҐஔʢॏྗʣϙςϯγϟϧͱ߹Θͤͯෆ๞࿨

͋Δɽʢ1ʣࣜ͸ಉ࣌ʹɼਫϙςϯγϟϧ͕ ψw ʹ͋Δ౔౔৕தʹ͓͚ΔਫҠಈͷ‫ۦ‬ಈྗͱͳΔɽ໺֎ʹ͓͚ΔϚ৕ਫͷ‫఺ݻڽ‬ʢT ʣΛදࣜ͢Ͱ΋͋ΓɼSuzukiʢ2004ʣτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷଌఆʹ͸ɼςϯγΦϝʔλ͕࠷͸ʢ1ʣࣜΛ‫߱఺ݻڽ‬Լ౓๏ʹԠ༻͠ɼͦͷ༗ޮੑΛ֬΋޿͘༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽIwata and Hirotaʢ2005ʣ͸ɼஅ͔Ίͨɽ౔৕ౚ݁ʹͱ΋ͳ͏Լ૚͔Βͷ্޲͖ͷਫҠಈ೤ͨ͠ςϯγΦϝʔλΛ։ൃͯ͠ౚ౔૚Լ૚ͷϚτϦο

͸ɼʢ1ʣࣜʹࣔ͢Α͏ʹɼԹ౓ͷ௿ԼʹΑͬͯෆౚਫͷΫϙςϯγϟϧΛଌఆ͠ɼԼ૚ͷਫϑϥοΫεͷఆྔԽਫϙςϯγϟϧ͕‫ݮ‬গ͢ΔࡍʹɼෆౚਫͷϚτϦοΫϙ

ʹ੒ޭͨ͠ʢIwata et al., 2010aʣɽςϯγϟϧͷ௿ԼΛҾ͖‫͜͠ى‬ɼౚ݁લઢΛ‫ڬ‬Μͩౚ౔ҰํɼDecagon Device ࣾ͸ɼ༠ిಛੑΛར༻ͯ͠Ϛଆͱະౚ౔ଆʹඇৗʹେ͖ͳϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧޯτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧΛଌఆ͢ΔηϯαʢMPS-1ʣΛ։഑͕ൃੜ͢Δ͜ͱʹ‫ى‬Ҽ͢Δɽಉ༷ʹɼౚ౔಺ͷߴԹଆ

ൃͨ͠ʢDecagon Devices, 2008ʣɽMPS-1 ͷηϯγϯά

͔Β௿Թଆʹ͔͚ͯ΋ɼෆౚਫΛհͨ͠ਫҠಈ͕‫͜ى‬Δ

෦͸ɼճ࿏‫ج‬൘Λ 2 ຕͷηϥϛοΫԁ൫ʢ௚‫ ܘ‬32 mm,

ʢIwata et al., 1995; ཱུΒ, 2003; ౉ลΒ, 2010ʣɽ໺֎ʹ͓

ް͞ 8 mmʣ͕‫ڬ‬Έɼ͞Βʹͦͷ֎ଆΛɼεςϯϨεԁ͚Δ‫؍‬ଌʹ͓͍ͯɼෆౚਫͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͸ɼ൫ʢ௚‫ ܘ‬32 mm, ް͞ 1 mmʣ͕‫ڬ‬Ήͱ͍͏ߏ଄Λͯ͠ςϯγΦϝʔλͰ͸ଌఆ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɽMPS-1 ΋ɼౚ౔

͍ΔʢDecagon Devices, 2008; Malazian et al., 2011ʣɽεςϯϨεԁ൫ʹΑΓɼ‫ܭ‬ଌ࣌ʹηϯαͷपลʹੜ͡Δ

Ͱͷ࢖༻ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ෆ໌ͳ఺͕ଟ͍ʢDecagon Devices,ʢ1ʣࣜΛ༻͍ͯౚ౔ͷ஍Թ͔ΒϚτϦο
2008ʣɽͦ͜Ͱɼ

ి࣓‫ؾ‬քͷ޿͕Γ͕཈͑ΒΕɼηϯαͷଌఆൣғ͕ηϥΫϙςϯγϟϧΛ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ͜ͱ͕༗ޮͰ͋Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔ

ϛοΫԁ൫ʹूத͢ΔʢKnight et al., 1997; Malazian et͕ɼͦͷͨΊʹ͸ʢ1ʣࣜʹࣔ͢Α͏ʹɼਁಁϙςϯγϟ

al., 2011ʣɽMPS-1 ͸ɼηϥϛοΫԁ൫ͷ༠ి཰ͷେ͖ϧͷ‫د‬༩ΛऔΓআ͘ඞཁ͕͋Δɽ͞ʹ૬౰ͨ͠ిѹΛग़ྗ͢Δɽ‫ݩ‬དྷɼ༠ి཰͸ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫҎ্ͷ͜ͱΑΓຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ໢૸஍Ҭͷാะ৔Λର৅཰ʹൺྫ͢Δ͕ɼҰํͰηϥϛοΫԁ൫ͷϚτϦοΫϙ

ʹɼ೥ؒΛ௨ͨ͠ϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ‫ق‬અมԽΛςϯγϟϧ͸ɼηϥϛοΫԁ൫ͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʹґଘ͢Δ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δ͜ͱΛୈ 1 ͷ໨తͱͨ͠ɽͦͷࡍɼඇౚͨΊɼηϥϛοΫԁ൫ͷ༠ి཰ʢͦͷେ͖͞ʹରԠͨ݁͠‫ؒظ‬தʹ͓͚Δද૚౔ͷ‫؍‬ଌͱԼ૚౔ͷ௨೥‫؍‬ଌʹ͸ిѹʣʹΑͬͯηϥϛοΫԁ൫ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟ

MPS-1 Λ࢖༻͠ɼͦͷֱਖ਼Λߦͬͨɽ·ͨɼౚ౔ͷෆౚϧ͕Θ͔Γɼͦͷ݁ՌɼηϥϛοΫԁ൫ͱฏߧͨ͠౔৕

ਫͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧΛɼౚ౔ͷ஍Թ͔Βʢ1ʣࣜͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͕෼͔Δͱ͍͏࢓૊ΈʹͳͬΛ༻͍ͯ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽͦ͜Ͱ MPS-1 ʹ͍ͭͯɼϝʔΧʔʹ͍ͯΔʢDecagon Devices, 2008ʣɽͦͷͨΊ MPS-1 ͸ɼΑͬͯఆΊΒΕֱͨਖ਼ࣜͱͷ૬ҧ΍ଌఆՄೳൣғ౳ͷಛϝʔΧʔʹΑͬͯఆΊΒΕֱͨਖ਼ࣜΛ༻͍Δ͜ͱͰɼ౔

ੑΛ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δ͜ͱɼ͞Βʹ‫؍‬ଌะ৔ͷ౔৕ʹ͍ͭͯɼ৕ͷछྨʹΑΒͣɼ࣪५ଆͰ͸ −10 kPa ·Ͱɼ‫ס‬૩ଆਫϙςϯγϟϧͷ௿Լʹର͢ΔਁಁϙςϯγϟϧͷӨ‫ڹ‬Ͱ͸ −500 kPa ·Ͱɼ౔৕ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧΛ

࿦จɿౚ݁Λͱ΋ͳ͏໢૸஍Ҭͷ೶஍ʹ͓͚ΔϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ‫ق‬અมಈ

53

Table 1 ‫؍‬ଌ۠ʹ͓͚Δ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɽ
Physical properties of soil in the study site.
Depth

Bulk density

Porosity(m)(Mg m−3 )(m3 m−3 )0 – 0.10
0.10 – 0.20
0.20 – 0.30
0.30 – 0.40
0.40 – 0.50

0.97
1.05
1.03
1.15
1.20

0.61
0.57
0.60
0.56
0.54

Particle size distributiona(g kg−1 )
Clay
Silt
Sand
100
131
158
206
220

300
257
242
257
225

600
612
600
537
555

Saturated hydraulicconductivity(cm s−1 )EC1:5bECsatc(dS m−1 )(dS m−1 )2.1 × 10−4
4.8 × 10−4
2.3 × 10−3
5.8 × 10−4
1.9 × 10−4

0.14
0.16
0.15
0.10
0.17

0.53
-

a: International Society of Soil Science (ISSS) classiﬁcation. b: Electrical conductivity measured on soil
and deionized water ratio of 1:5. c: Electrical conductivity measured on saturated solution.

ʹ͍ͭͯۛຯ͢Δ͜ͱΛɼୈ 2ɼୈ 3 ͷ໨తͱͨ͠ɽ

෼อ࣋ಛੑͷଌఆํ๏ͷ͏ͪɼՃѹ൘๏ͱԕ৺๏͸ͱ΋ʹɼϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧΛଌఆ͠ʢ௕୩઒, 1999; ཱུ

2. ࢼྉ͓Αͼํ๏
2.1 ‫؍‬ଌ۠ͷ֓ཁͱ‫؍‬ଌ‫ثػ‬౦‫ژ‬೶‫ۀ‬େֶ໢૸‫ྫྷפ‬஍೶৔ʢN 43◦ 55’ 09”, E 144◦

Β, 2003ʣɼ‫߱఺ݻڽ‬Լ౓๏͸ਫϙςϯγϟϧΛଌఆ͢Δ
ʢSuzuki, 2004ʣɽͦ͜ͰɼՃѹ൘๏͓Αͼԕ৺๏ʹΑͬͯ‫ٻ‬ΊͨϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧʹର͢Δਫ෼ಛੑ‫ۂ‬ઢͱɼ‫߱఺ݻڽ‬Լ౓๏Ͱ‫ٻ‬Ίͨਫϙςϯγϟϧʹର͢Δ

23’ 6”ɼAlt. 12 mʣʹ‫؍‬ଌ۠Λઃஔͨ͠ʢFig. 1ʣɽຊะ৔

ਫ෼ಛੑ‫ۂ‬ઢΛൺֱ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼʢ1ʣࣜɼ͢ͳΘ͸ͳͩΒ͔ͳٰྕ஍ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔ͕ɼ‫؍‬ଌ͸ٰྕͷ௖্ͪ‫఺ݻڽ‬ͷ௿Լʹର͢Δਁಁϙςϯγϟϧͷ‫د‬༩Λ‫ݕ‬౼෦Ͱߦͬͨɽ౔৕͸୶৭ࠇϘΫ౔Ͱ͋Γʢҏ౻Β, 2008ʣɼͨ͠ɽ౔ੑ͸৕౔ ∼ ৥৕౔ɼ๞࿨ಁਫ܎਺͕ 10−4 cm s−1 ఔ౓Ͱɼഉਫੑͷൺֱతྑ޷ͳാ஍Ͱ͋ΔʢTable 1ʣɽ

·ͣɼ౔৕͕ౚ݁͢Δͱ༧૝͞Εͨɼ஍ද͔Βਂ͞

0.40 m ·Ͱͷ౔৕ͷ͏ͪɼEC1:5 ͷ஋͕࠷΋େ͖͔ͬͨ

2009 ೥ 7 ݄ 18 ೔ʹɼ‫؍‬ଌ۠ͷதԝʹ౔৕அ໘Λઃ͚ɼ೤ిରΛ஍ද໘ɼ͓Αͼਂ͞ 0.05ɼ0.15ɼ0.25ɼ0.35ɼ0.45m ʹɼ·ͨ MPS-1 Λ 0.35 m ͱ 0.45 m ͷਂ͞ʹͦΕͧΕຒઃͨ͠ɽMPS-1 ͷεςϯϨεԁ൫ʹ͸ɼ௚‫ ܘ‬3 mm

0.16 dS m−1 ɼTable 1ʣΛ࣮‫ͯʹ಺ࣨݧ‬෩‫ס‬ɼ2 mm ;Δ͍Λ௨աͤͯ͞ʢҎԼɼ෩‫ ס‬2 mm ;Δ͍௨աࢼྉͱ

ͷ͕݀ଟ਺։͍͍ͯΔͨΊɼͦͷ݀Λ௨ͯ͠౔৕͕ηϥ෼ʹਁΔ·ͰՃ͑ͯ๞࿨ͤͨ͞ɽ࣍ʹɼࢼྉͷ‫ؚ‬ਫൺ͕ϛοΫԁ൫ͱີண͢ΔΑ͏ʹ஫ҙͨ͠ɽ͜ΕΒͷηϯα

0.16 ∼ 0.30 kg kg−1 ͱͳΔΑ͏ɼ໿ 20 ◦ C ͷࣨԹͰৠൃ

ਂ͞ 0.10 ∼ 0.20 m ΑΓ࠾औͨ͠᎟ཚ౔৕ࢼྉʢEC1:5 =͢ΔʣϓϥενοΫ༰‫ʹث‬ೖΕɼ୤ΠΦϯਫΛ౔৕͕ेͱస౗·ࣜ͢Ӎྔ‫ܭ‬ʢTR525M, Texas Electronics, Inc.ʣ

ʹΑͬͯௐઅͨ͠ɽͦͷࡍʹɼࢼྉ಺ͷਫ෼෼෍͕‫ۉ‬ҰΛσʔλϩΨʔʢCR10X, Campbell Scientiﬁc, Inc.ʣʹ઀ʹͳΔΑ͏ʹࢼྉΛదٓ᎟፩ͨ͠ɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼ‫ס‬૩ີ౓͕ଓͯ͠ 10 ෼ִؒͰଌఆΛߦͬͨɽMPS-1 ͷྭ‫ྗిى‬͸໺֎ͷঢ়ଶʢTable 1ʣͱ౳͘͠ͳΔΑ͏ɼ௚‫ ܘ‬50 mmɼ

2,500 mV ͱͨ͠ɽ‫ؾ‬Թ͸ผ్ɼσʔλϩΨʔ෇͖Թ࣪
౓ηϯαʢTR-3100, TR72-Ui, T& DʣʹΑͬͯ 1 ࣌ؒؒߴ͞ 51 mm ͷεςϯϨε੡ԁ౵༰‫ॆʹث‬ర͠ɼϓϥενοΫϑΟϧϜͰີ෧ͯ͠‫ࢼڙ‬ମͱͨ͠ɽ‫ࢼڙ‬ମʹαʔִͰ‫؍‬ଌͨ͠ɽ౔৕அ໘ΛຒΊ໭ͨ͠‫ޙ‬ɼ஍ද໘ΛਫฏϛελԹ౓‫ܭ‬ʢTMC6-HD, Onset Computer Co.ʣΛਨ௚ʹ੔஍͠ɼද໘ྲྀग़‫ͼٴ‬पғ͔ΒͷྲྀೖΛ๷͙ͨΊɼଌʹૠೖͯ͠ɼ−20 ◦ C ʹԹ౓Λઃఆͨ͠ྫྷౚ‫ʹݿ‬ೖΕɼ‫ث‬Λຒઃͨ͠‫ॴݸ‬ΛғΉ 1 m×1 m ͷपғΛ 0.15 m ఔ౓ਁಁϙςϯγϟϧͷେ͖͞͸ɼ༹࣭ͷೱ౓ʹΑͬͯมౚ݁աఔͷԹ౓มԽΛσʔλϩΨʔʢHOBO U12-006,
ʢ1ʣ
Computer Co.ʣʹ 10 ඵִؒͰ‫ه‬࿥͠ɼ‫఺ݻڽ‬Λ‫ٻ‬Ίɼࣜʹ୅ೖͯ͠ਫϙςϯγϟϧΛ‫ٻ‬ΊͨʢSuzuki, 2004ʣɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ʢ‫ࢼڙ‬ମΛྫྷౚ‫ʹݿ‬ೖΕ͔ͯΒ໿ 2 ࣌ؒ‫ޙ‬ʣɼ‫ࢼڙ‬◦ମΛऔΓग़ͯ͠ 105 C Ͱ 24 ࣌ؒ‫ס‬૩ͤ͞ɼ‫ࢼڙ‬ମͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰Λଌఆͨ͠ɽ͞Βʹɼಉ͘͡ਂ͞ 0.10 ∼ 0.20 m
ͷ෩‫ ס‬2 mm ;Δ͍௨աࢼྉΛɼ୤ΠΦϯਫͷ୅ΘΓʹ
1.34 × 10−2 mol kg−1 ͷԘԽΧϦ΢Ϝ༹ӷͰ๞࿨ͤ͞ɼ

Խ͢Δɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ‫ͱ౔ס‬୤ΠΦϯਫͷ࣭ྔൺ 1ɿ5্‫ه‬ͷૢ࡞ͰਫϙςϯγϟϧΛଌఆ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼ༹Ͱଌఆͨ͠ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ʢEC1:5 , dS m−1 ʣ͓Αͼ๞࿨நग़࣭ྔΛ૿Ճͤͨ͞৔߹ʹ͓͚ΔਫϙςϯγϟϧͷมԽʹ੝౔ͨ͠ɽ͞Βʹ 2010 ೥ 7 ݄ 10 ೔͔Β͸ɼMPS-1 Λਂ͞ 0.05 m ʹ΋ຒઃ͠ɼग़ྗ஋ΛσʔλϩΨʔʢEm50,
Decagon Devices, Inc.ʣʹ 10 ෼ִؒͰ‫ه‬࿥ͨ͠ɽ‫؍‬ଌ‫ظ‬ؒதɼ‫؍‬ଌ۠Λད஍ͱͯ͠؅ཧͨ͠ɽ

2.2 ਫϙςϯγϟϧͷ௿Լʹର͢Δਁಁϙςϯγϟϧ
ͷӨ‫ڹ‬ͷ‫ݕ‬౼ӷͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ʢECsat , dS m−1 ʣΛ༹࣭ೱ౓ͷࢦඪͱ͍ͭͯ͠‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ɽԘԽΧϦ΢Ϝ༹ӷͰ๞࿨ͤͨ͞౔৕ࢼ

ͨɽਁಁϙςϯγϟϧΛਪఆ͢Δํ๏ͱͯ͠͸ɼECsat Λྉͷ EC1:5 ͸ 0.33 dS m−1 ɼECsat ͸ 1.35 dS m−1 Ͱ͋ͬ༻͍ͨྫ͕͍͔ͭ͋͘Δ͕ʢͨͱ͑͹ Spaans and Baker,ͨɽͳ͓‫߱఺ݻڽ‬Լ౓๏Ͱଌఆͨ͠‫ࢼڙ‬ମͷ਺͸ɼ୤Π

1996; Or and Wraith; 2002ʣɼRhoadesʢ1996ʣ͸ɼ͜ͷΦϯਫͱԘԽΧϦ΢Ϝ༹ӷͷ྆ऀͰਫ෼ௐઅͨ͠৔߹ͱ

ํ๏͸͋͘·Ͱ΋֓ࢉͰ͋Δͱड़΂͍ͯΔɽҰํͰɼਫ΋ʹɼઃఆͨ͠ਫ෼ྔ͝ͱʹ 1 ͭͣͭͰ͋Δɽ

54

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)ͨΊͰ͋Δɽࢼྉ಺ͷਫ෼෼෍͕‫ۉ‬ҰʹͳΔΑ͏ 1 ೔ఔ౓੩ஔͨ͠‫ʹޙ‬ɼTable 1 ʹ֤ࣔ͢ਂ͞ͷ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ʹ߹ΘͤͯɼͦΕͧΕ 1/5,000 a ͷϫάωϧϙοτʹ౔৕Λॆరͨ͠ɽ౔৕ͷॆరߴ͞Λ 100 mm ͱ͠ɼத৺ͱͳΔਂ
͞ 50 mm ͷҐஔʹ MPS-1 Λਫฏํ޲ʹຒઃͨ͠ʢFig.
2ʣɽ౔৕Λॆర͢Δࡍʹ͸ɼ‫ס‬૩ີ౓͕‫ۉ‬ҰʹͳΔΑ͏ʹɼϫάωϧϙοτͷԼ෦͔Β·ͣް͞ 20, 20, 10 mmɼͷॱʹ౔৕Λॆర͠ɼ౔৕໘ͷதԝʹ MPS-1 Λਫฏʹઃஔͯ͠ɼͦͷ‫ͼ࠶ޙ‬ɼް͞ 10ɼ20ɼ20 mm ͷॱʹ౔৕Λॆరͨ͠ɽ໺֎‫؍‬ଌͷࡍͱಉ༷ʹɼMPS-1 ͷηϥϛο
Ϋԁ൫ͱ౔৕͕ີண͢ΔΑ͏ʹ஫ҙͨ͠ɽ౔৕Λॆర͠
ͯ MPS-1 Λຒઃͨ͠ϫάωϧϙοτʹɼ2 ຊͷςϯγΦ
ϝʔλΛɼͦΕͧΕ MPS−1 ͔Βਫฏํ޲ʹ 40 mm ఔ౓཭͠ɼϙʔϥεΧοϓͷ௕͞ͷத৺͕ɼMPS-1 Λຒઃͨ͠ਂ͞ʢϫάωϧϙοτͷ౔৕ද໘͓Αͼఈ͔Βͱ΋

Fig. 2 ༠ిਫϙςϯγϟϧηϯαʢMPS-1ʣֱਖ਼ͷ໛ࣜਤɽ
Experimental setup for the calibration of dielectric water potential sensor (MPS-1).

͜ΕΒͷ‫߱఺ݻڽ‬Լ౓๏ʹ༻͍ͨ‫ࢼڙ‬ମ͸͢΂ͯɼৠൃʹΑͬͯਫ෼ྔΛௐ੔ͨͨ͠Ίɼਫ෼ྔ͕มԽͯ͠΋༹࣭ྔ͸มԽͤͣɼਫ෼ྔͷ‫ݮ‬গʹͱ΋ͳͬͯ౔৕ਫத
ͷ༹࣭ೱ౓͕૿Ճ͢Δɽ࣮ࡍͷ౔৕ʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɼౚ݁͢Δࡍʹɼණͷ૿Ճʢෆౚਫྔͷ‫ݮ‬গʣʹͱ΋ͳͬͯෆౚ
ਫதͷ༹࣭ೱ౓͕૿Ճ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸Ҏ্ͷํ๏ʹΑͬͯɼౚ݁ͷࡍʹ༹࣭͕ೱॖ͞ΕΔ৔
߹Λ໛ͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼ࢖༻ͨ͠αʔϛελԹ౓‫͍ͯͭʹܭ‬ɼࣄલʹ 0 ∼ 0.8 mol kg−1 ʹௐઅͨ͠ԘԽΧϦ΢Ϝ༹ӷͷ‫఺ݻڽ‬Λଌఆ͢Δ͜ͱͰɼ‫఺ݻڽ‬ଌఆͷ‫ࠩޡ‬Λ‫ٻ‬Ίͨͱ
͜Ζɼ0.014 ◦ C Ͱ͋ͬͨɽʢ1ʣࣜͷ T ʹ͜ͷ‫ࠩޡ‬Λ୅ೖͯ͠ਫϙςϯγϟϧͷଌఆ‫͢ࢉ׵ʹࠩޡ‬Δͱɼ17.2 kPa
ͱͳΔɽਂ͞ 0.10 ∼ 0.20 m ͷ෩‫ ס‬2 mm ;Δ͍௨աࢼྉΛ༻͍ɼՃѹ൘๏ʢ−0.10, −0.25 MPaʣ͓Αͼԕ৺๏ʢ−0.32,−0.79, −1.38 MPaʣͰϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧΛௐઅͨ͠ɽͦͷࡍՃѹ൘๏Ͱ͸ɼࢼྉΛ௚‫ ܘ‬50 mmɼߴ͞ 51
mm ͷεςϯϨε੡ԁ౵༰‫ʹث‬ɼTable 1 ʹࣔ͢‫ס‬૩ີ౓ʹͳΔΑ͏ॆరͯ͠‫ࢼڙ‬ମͱ͠ʢ6 ൓෮ʣɼԕ৺๏Ͱ
͸ɼ‫ Ͱྔ࣭౔ס‬5 g ఔ౓ʹ૬౰͢ΔࢼྉΛ୤ਫ͕Մೳͳ
ԕ৺؅ʹೖΕʢ6 ൓෮ʣɼͱ΋ʹ୤ΠΦϯਫʹΑͬͯໟ؅๞࿨ͤͨ͞‫ʹޙ‬ଌఆʹ‫ͨ͠ڙ‬ɽϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ
ͷௐઅ‫ޙ‬ɼՃѹ൘๏Ͱ͸࿍‫ʹס‬Αͬͯ‫ࢼڙ‬ମͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰Λ‫ٻ‬Ίɼԕ৺๏Ͱ͸࿍‫ʹס‬Αͬͯ‫ࢼڙ‬ମͷ‫ؚ‬ਫൺΛ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ‫ޙ‬ɼTable 1 ʹࣔ͢‫ס‬૩ີ౓Λ৐͡ɼ͞Βʹਫͷີ౓
ʢ1.00 Mg m−3 ʣͰআͯ͠ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʹม‫͢׵‬Δ͜ͱʹΑʹ 50 mmʣͱͳΔΑ͏ɼԖ௚ʹૠೖͨ͠ʢFig. 2ʣɽ
ਂ͞ 0.05 m ͔Β࠾औͨ͠౔৕Ͱֱਖ਼Λߦ͏ MPS-1 ͸
Em50 ʹɼ·ͨਂ͞ 0.35 m ͓Αͼ 0.45 m ͔Β࠾औͨ͠౔৕Ͱֱਖ਼Λߦ͏ MPS-1 ͸ CR10Xʢྭ‫ ྗిى‬2,500mVʣʹ઀ଓ͠ɼ10 ෼ຖʹ MPS-1 ͔Βͷग़ྗ஋Λ‫ه‬࿥ͨ͠ɽϫάωϧϙοτͱςϯγΦϝʔλશମΛ෴͏Α͏ʹϏχʔϧାΛඃͤɼ਺೔ؒࣨԹʹͯ੩ஔͨ͠‫ޙ‬ɼϫάωϧϙοτ಺ͷ౔৕ද໘͔Β୤ΠΦϯਫΛ஫͍ͩɽ୤
ΠΦϯਫ͸ɼ౔৕΁ͷਁಁ͕ࢭΈɼ౔৕ͷද໘ʹ 1 mmఔ౓୷ਫ͢Δ·Ͱ஫͍ͩɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼৠൃΛ๷͙ͨΊϫάωϧϙοτΛϏχʔϧାͰ෴ͬͨɽਫΛ஫͍ͩ௚‫ޙ‬͸ɼ

MPS-1 ͷग़ྗ஋͕େ͖͘มಈ͢Δ͕ɼ࣌ؒͷ‫ܦ‬աʹͱ΋ͳͬͯมಈ͕খ͘͞ͳΔɽ໿ 2 ೔‫ޙ‬ɼग़ྗ஋ͷมಈ͕ແ͘ͳͬͨࣄΛ֬ೝͨ͠‫ʹޙ‬ϏχʔϧାΛͱΓ֎͠ɼ໿ 20◦ C ͷࣨԹͰਫ෼Λৠൃͤ͞ΔࣄͰɼ౔৕Λঃʑʹ‫ס‬૩͍ͤͯͬͨ͞ɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼ௕୩઒ · പ෵ʢ1988ʣΛࢀߟʹɼ
1 ೔ʹ 1 ճఔ౓ɼςϯγΦϝʔλʹσδλϧϚϊϝʔλʢPG-100N-102R, ೔ຊి࢈ίύϧిࢠʣΛ૷ண͠ɼϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧΛଌఆͨ͠ɽৠൃ͕ਐΈɼςϯγΦϝʔλͰଌఆͨ͠ϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͕ −87 kPa ΛԼճͬͨॴͰଌఆΛऴྃͨ͠ɽ
Ҏ্ͷΑ͏ʹ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ 2 ຊͷςϯγΦϝʔλͷϚτϦο
Ϋϙςϯγϟϧͷฏ‫ۉ‬஋ͱɼಉ࣌ࠁʹ͓͚Δ MPS-1 ͷग़ྗ஋ͷؔ܎ʹ͍ͭͯ੔ཧ͢Δͱͱ΋ʹɼҎԼʹࣔ͢ɼϝʔΧʔʹΑͬͯఆΊΒΕֱͨਖ਼ࣜʢDecagon Devices,2008ʣͱൺֱͨ͠ɽ

ψm = − exp(6.43 × 10−6 raw counts2− 3.10 × 10−2 raw counts + 39.45)(2)Γɼਫ෼ಛੑ‫ۂ‬ઢΛ࡞੒ͨ͠ɽ

2.3 ༠ి౔৕ਫϙςϯγϟϧηϯαͷֱਖ਼MPS-1 ʹ͍ͭͯɼ࣮‫͍͓ͯʹ಺ࣨݧ‬ҎԼͷํ๏Ͱֱਖ਼Λߦͬͨɽ·ͣɼ໺֎‫؍‬ଌ͔۠Β࠾औͨ͠ਂ͞ 0.05,
0.35, 0.45 m ͷ෩‫ ס‬2 mm ;Δ͍௨աࢼྉʹɼ‫ؚ‬ਫൺ͕
໿ 0.30 kg kg−1 ͱͳΔΑ͏ʹ୤ΠΦϯਫΛՃ͑ͯ᎟፩͠
ͨɽ͜Ε͸࣍ͷखॱʹࣔ͢Α͏ʹɼ໺֎ͱ౳͍͠‫ס‬૩ີ౓Ͱ౔৕Λॆర͠ɼMPS-1 ͱ౔৕Λີணͤ͞΍͘͢͢Δ

ψm = − exp(4.80 × 10−5V 2 − 8.46 × 10−2V + 39.45) (3)͜͜ʹɼraw counts ͸ Em50 Λ༻͍ͨ৔߹ͷ MPS-1 ͷग़ྗ஋Ͱ͋Γʢ୯Ґͳ͠ʣɼVʢmVʣ͸ CR10X Λ༻͍ͨ৔߹ͷग़ྗ஋Ͱ͋Δɽψm ͷ୯Ґ͸ kPa Ͱ͋ΔɽMalazian

et al.ʢ2011ʣ͸ɼMPS-1 ͷग़ྗ஋ͷԹ౓ґଘੑ΍ɼ‫ٵ‬ਫɼ࿦จɿౚ݁Λͱ΋ͳ͏໢૸஍Ҭͷ೶஍ʹ͓͚ΔϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ‫ق‬અมಈ55ؒΛౚ݁‫ظ‬ɼͦͷଞͷ‫ؒظ‬Λඇౚ݁‫ͨ͠ͱظ‬ɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬༻͍ͨӍྔ‫ܭ‬͸ౙ‫ق‬ͷ߱ઇਫྔΛଌఆ͢Δࣄ͸ग़དྷͳ͍ͨΊɼ߱ӍྔͷΈΛղੳͷର৅ͱͨ͠ɽͦͷͨΊ 11 ݄͔Βཌ೥ 4 ݄·Ͱͷؒ͸ɼখ૔ʢ1999ʣΛࢀߟʹɼʢiʣ೔ฏ‫ؾۉ‬Թ͕ 0 ◦ C ҎԼɼʢiiʣ೔ฏ‫ؾۉ‬Թ͕ 0 ∼ 2 ◦ C Ͱɼ͔ͭ૬ର࣪౓͕ 50 ∼ 90 %ɼ
ʢiiiʣ೔ฏ‫ؾۉ‬Թ͕ 2 ∼ 4 ◦ CͰɼ͔ͭ૬ର࣪౓͕ 50 ∼ 70 %ɼʢivʣ೔ฏ‫ؾۉ‬Թ͕ 4 ∼5 ◦ C Ͱɼ͔ͭ૬ର࣪౓͕ 50 ∼ 60 %ɼͷ͍ͣΕ͔ͷ৔߹͸ɼϩΨʔʹӍྔ‫ܭ‬ͷग़ྗ஋͕‫ه‬࿥͞Ε͍ͯͯ΋߱ઇʹΑΔ΋ͷͱΈͳ͠ɼ߱Ӎʹ‫ؚ‬Ίͳ͔ͬͨɽ‫؍‬ଌ۠Ͱ͸ੵઇਂͷ࿈ଓ‫؍‬ଌΛߦΘͳ͔͕ͬͨɼ‫؍‬ଌ͔۠Β 2.2 km ཭Εͨ໢૸ࢢԻࠜ಺஍۠ʹ͓͚Δ೔ຊ‫ؾ‬৅‫ڠ‬ձ๺ւಓࢧࣾ
ͷϚϝμεσʔλΛҾ༻ͨ͠ɽୈ 1, 2 ‫ظ‬ͷͦΕͧΕͰ਺೔ͣͭɼ‫؍‬ଌ۠पลͷੵઇਂΛఆ‫Ͱن‬ଌఆͨ͠ͱ͜ΖɼԻࠜ಺ϚϝμεσʔλͷੵઇਂΑΓ 0.02 m ఔ౓গͳ͍
Fig. 3 Ճѹ൘๏͓Αͼԕ৺๏ʹΑΔਫ෼ಛੑ‫ۂ‬ઢɽΤϥʔόʔ͸ඪ४ภࠩΛࣔ͢ɽr2 ͓Αͼ RMSE ͸ͦΕͧΕܾఆ܎਺ͱฏํฏ‫ۉ‬ೋ৐‫ࠩޡ‬Λࣔ͢ɽ
Soil water characteristic curve determined by pressure plate andcentrifuge methods. Horizontal bars denote ± one standard deviation of the mean. r2 and RMSE represent coefﬁcient of determination and root mean square error, respectively.

஋Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ౔৕ౚ݁ਂʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼ஍ԹͷԖ௚෼෍ʹ͓͍ͯɼ0 ◦ C Λ·͙ͨਂ͞ͷ஍ԹΛ௚ઢͰ݁Μͩͱ͖ʹ

0 ◦ C ͱͳΔਂ͞Λౚ݁ਂͱͨ͠ɽ
໺֎‫؍‬ଌʹ͓͚Δ MPS-1 ͷଌఆ஋ʹɼ2.3 Ͱ‫ٻ‬Ίֱͨਖ਼ࣜΛ౰ͯ͸ΊͯϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧΛಋ͖ɼਂ͞

0.35 m ͱ 0.45 m ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧʢͦΕͧΕψm35 ͱ ψm45 ɼkPaʣΛ΋ͱʹɼҎԼͷࣜͰਂ͞ 0.35 ∼0.45 m ͷಈਫޯ഑ʢJ ɼແ࣍‫ݩ‬ʣΛࢉग़ͨ͠ɽ
J=(ψm35 − ψm45 ) × 103
+1
ρ gΔz

(4)

͜͜ʹɼρ ͸ਫͷີ౓ʢ1,000 kg m−3 ʣɼg ͸ॏྗՃ଎౓

ʢ9.81 m s−2 ʣɼΔz ͸ 2 ఺ؒͷ‫཭ڑ‬ʢ0.10 mʣͰ͋ΔɽJ
͕ਖ਼ͷͱ͖ɼਫҠಈ͸Լ޲͖Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱΛࣔ͢ɽ

3. ݁Ռ͓Αͼߟ࡯
3.1 ਫϙςϯγϟϧʹର͢ΔਁಁϙςϯγϟϧͷӨ‫ڹ‬໺֎‫؍‬ଌ۠ͷਂ͞ 0.10 ∼ 0.20 m ΑΓ࠾औͨ͠౔৕ʹ͍ͭͯɼՃѹ൘๏ͱԕ৺๏ʹΑͬͯ‫ٻ‬Ίͨਫ෼ಛੑ‫ۂ‬ઢ
Fig. 4 ‫߱఺ݻڽ‬Լ౓๏ʹΑΓ‫ٻ‬Ίͨਫϙςϯγϟϧͱʢ5ʣࣜʹΑΔਪఆ஋ͱͷൺֱɽr2 ͓Αͼ RMSE ͸ͦΕͧΕܾఆ܎਺ͱฏํฏ‫ۉ‬ೋ৐‫ࠩޡ‬Λࣔ͢ɽComparison between water potential measured by freezing point
depression method and that estimated by Eq. (5). r2 and RMSE
represent coefﬁcient of determination and root mean square error,
respectively.

୤ਫաఔؒͷώεςϦγε͕খ͍͞ͱड़΂͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͔Βɼຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸͜ΕΒʹ͍ͭͯ͸ߟྀ͠ͳ͔ͬͨɽ

Λ Fig. 3 ʹࣔ͢ɽFig. 3 ͸ɼΠ = 0 ͱͨ͠ͱ͖ͷਫϙςϯγϟϧͱମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷؔ܎ʹ౳͍͠ɽਫϙςϯγϟϧ
Λମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʢθ , m3 m−3 ʣͱͷؔ܎Ͱۙࣅͨ͠ͱ͜ΖɼҎԼͷΑ͏ʹͳͬͨɽψm = 274.6θ 3 −257.6θ 2 + 85.8θ − 9.98
(Π = 0)(5)ܾఆ܎਺ʢr2 ʣͱฏํฏ‫ۉ‬ೋ৐‫ࠩޡ‬ʢRMSEʣ͸ͦΕ

2.4 ໺֎‫؍‬ଌσʔλͷղੳͧΕɼ0.9902 ͓Αͼ 0.046 MPa Ͱ͋ͬͨɽͳ͓ʢ5ʣࣜຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ2009 ೥ 11 ݄ ∼ 2011 ೥ 10 ݄ʹ໺֎‫؍‬ଌʹද‫͍ͯ͠ه‬Δ܎਺ͷ༗ޮ਺ࣈ͸ɼ·ͱΊΔࡍʹ RMSEͰಘΒΕͨσʔλΛղੳͷର৅ͱͨ͠ɽͦ͜Ͱɼ2009 ೥

11 ݄ ∼ 2010 ೥ 10 ݄Λୈ 1 ‫ظ‬ɼ2010 ೥ 11 ݄ ∼ 2011
೥ 10 ݄Λୈ 2 ‫ͨ͠ͱظ‬ɽౚ౔͸ɼ
ʮ0 ◦ C ҎԼͷ౔৕ʯͱఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͔Βʢ೔ຊઇණֶձ, 1990ʣ
ɼୈ 1ɼ2‫ͱظ‬΋ʹɼ0 ◦ C ҎԼͷ஍Թ͕࿈ଓతʹ‫؍‬ଌ͞Ε͍ͯͨ‫ظ‬

͕ 1 kPa Ҏ্มԽ͠ͳ͍ܻͰ·ͱΊ͍ͯΔɽ࣍ʹɼ‫߱఺ݻڽ‬Լ౓๏Ͱଌఆͨ͠ਫϙςϯγϟϧʹ͍ͭͯɼ࣮ଌ஋ͱɼ‫ࢼڙ‬ମͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ΑΓʢ5ʣࣜʹΑͬͯਪఆͨ͠஋ͱͷൺֱΛ Fig. 4 ʹࣔ͢ɽࣗવͳঢ়ଶɼ͢
ͳΘͪ౔৕ͷ EC1:5 ͕ 0.16 dS m−1 ͷ৔߹ɼ࣮ଌ஋ͱ

56

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)ຊ‫͚͓ʹڀݚ‬Δ‫؍‬ଌะ৔Ͱͷ౔৕ͷ༹࣭ೱ౓ʢEC1:5 =0.16 dS m−1 ҎԼʣͰ͸ɼਁಁϙςϯγϟϧ͸ਫϙςϯγϟϧͷ௿Լʹ΄ͱΜͲӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫͍ͳ͞΅ٴ‬ɼͭ·Γɼʢ1ʣࣜʹ͓͍ͯ Π ≈ 0 ͱΈͳͯ͠Α͘ɼຊ౔৕ʹ͓͚Δෆౚਫͷਫϙςϯγϟϧͷ௿Լ͸͓΋ʹɼϚτϦοΫϙςϯ
γϟϧͷ௿ԼʹΑΔ΋ͷͱߟ͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ‫؍‬ଌΛ։࢝ͯ͠Ҏ߱ɼ‫؍‬ଌ۠͸ད஍ͱͯ͠؅ཧ͞Εɼࢪං΍༗‫ػ‬෺ͷ౤ೖ౳ΛߦΘͳ͔ͬͨͨΊɼ౔৕தͷ༹࣭͸૿Ճ͠ͳ͔ͬͨ΋ͷͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽͦ͜Ͱ໺֎‫؍‬ଌʹ͓͚ΔෆౚਫͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͸ɼʢ1ʣࣜʹ͓͍ͯ Πʹ 0 ͱͯ͠ౚ౔ͷ஍Թ͔Β‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽ

3.2 ༠ి౔৕ਫϙςϯγϟϧηϯαͷֱਖ਼݁Ռ
Fig. 5 ਂ͞ 0.05 m ͷ౔৕ʹ͓͚ΔϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ
ͱ MPS-1 ͷग़ྗ஋ʢraw countsʣͱͷؔ܎ɽσʔλϩΨʔ͸
Em50 Λ࢖༻ɽr2 ͓Αͼ RMSE ͸ͦΕͧΕܾఆ܎਺ͱฏํฏ

౔৕ʹ͓͚Δ MPS-1 ͷग़ྗ஋ͱϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟ

‫ۉ‬ೋ৐‫ࠩޡ‬Λࣔ͢ɽϧͷؔ܎Λ Fig. 5ɼ6 ʹࣔ͢ɽਤʹ͸ɼϝʔΧʔʹΑͬͯ

Matric potential of soil at a depth of 0.05 m as a function of output
value raw counts) of MPS-1. Em50 was used as datalogger. r2
and RMSE represent coefﬁcient of determination and root meansquare error, respectively.

ఆΊΒΕֱͨਖ਼‫ۂ‬ઢʢ
ʢ2ʣ͓Αͼʢ3ʣࣜʣ΋ࣔͨ͠ɽ͜

໺֎‫؍‬ଌ۠ͷ֤ਂ͞ʢ0.05, 0.35, 0.45 mʣ͔Β࠾औͨ͠ΕʹΑΔͱɼ
ʢ2ʣ͓Αͼʢ3ʣࣜ͸ςϯγΦϝʔλʹΑΔ࣮ଌ஋ʹൺ΂ɼ༩͑ΒΕͨ MPS-1 ͷग़ྗ஋ʹରͯ͠ϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧΛҰ༷ʹʢ5 ∼ 77 kPa ఔ౓ʣաখ
ධՁͨ͠ɽDecagon Devicesʢ2008ʣʹ͸ɼʢ2ʣࣜͱʢ3ʣ͕͍͔ࣜͳΔ౔৕Λ༻͍ͯ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ΋ͷͰ͋Δ͔‫ࡌه‬͸ͳ͍͕ɼ༠ి཰ͱମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷؔ܎ʹ͓͍ͯɼՐࢁփ౔৕
͸ҰൠʹɼඇՐࢁփ౔৕ʹൺ΂ɼ༩͑ΒΕͨ༠ి཰ʹରͯ͠େ͖͍ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰Λࣔ͢ʢ‫ٶ‬ຊ · ஜࢵ, 2000ʣɽମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷଟՉ͸݁‫ہ‬ɼϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷେখʹґଘ͢Δɽ݁Ռ͔ΒɼMPS-1 ͷଌఆ͸ɼηϥϛοΫԁ൫͚ͩͰͳ͘ɼͦͷपғͷ౔৕ͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λड͚͓ͯΓɼຊ‫ݚ‬‫Ͱڀ‬ର৅ͱͨ͠౔৕͕Րࢁփ౔৕Ͱ͋ͬͨ͜ͱ͔ΒɼςϯγΦϝʔλΛ༻͍ͯಘΒΕͨ MPS-1 ͷग़ྗ஋ͱϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷؔ܎͕ɼʢ2ʣ͓Αͼʢ3ʣࣜʹൺ΂ɼ༩͑ΒΕͨ MPS-1 ͷग़ྗ஋ʹର͠ɼϚτϦοΫϙ

Fig. 6 ਂ͞ 0.35 m ͓Αͼ 0.45 m ͷ౔৕ʹ͓͚ΔϚτϦοΫ
ϙςϯγϟϧͱ MPS-1 ͷग़ྗ஋ʢV ʣͱͷؔ܎ɽσʔλϩΨʔ
͸ CR10X Λ࢖༻ɽr2 ͓Αͼ RMSE ͸ͦΕͧΕܾఆ܎਺ͱฏ
ํฏ‫ۉ‬ೋ৐‫ࠩޡ‬Λࣔ͢ɽ

Matric potential of soil at depths of 0.35 m and 0.45 m as a function of output value (V ) of MPS-1. CR10X was used as datalogger. r2 and RMSE represent coefﬁcient of determination androot mean square error, respectively.

ਪఆ஋͸ඇৗʹΑ͘Ұக͠ɼr2 ͱ RMSE ͸ͦΕͧΕɼ

0.9988 ͓Αͼ 0.039 MPa ͱͳΓɼ
ʢ5ʣࣜʢΠ = 0 ͷ৚݅ςϯγϟϧΛߴࣔͨ͘͠΋ͷͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽͦͷͨΊɼDecagon Devicesʢ2008ʣʹ͸ MPS-1 ͷϚτϦοΫϙς
ϯγϟϧଌఆͷ্‫ݶ‬஋͕ −10 kPa ͱ‫͞ࡌه‬Ε͍ͯΔͷʹର͠ɼຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ−10 kPa Ҏ্ͷൣғʹ͓͍ͯ΋ʢ࠷ɼϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷมԽʹରେͰ −1 kPa ·Ͱʣͯ͠ MPS-1 ͷग़ྗ஋͕࿈ଓతʹมԽ͢Δ༷ࢠ͕ೝΊΒ
ΕͨʢFigs. 5ɼ6ʣɽ֤ਂ͞ͷֱਖ਼ࣜ͸ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹͳͬͨɽࣜதʹ͓͚Δ
܎਺ͷ༗ޮ਺ࣈ͸ɼ·ͱΊΔࡍʹ RMSE ͕ 0.1 kPa Ҏ্มԽ͠ͳ͍ܻͰ·ͱΊͨɽͰಘͨਫϙςϯγϟϧͱମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷؔ܎ʣΛ‫ٻ‬Ίͨࡍͷ RMSEʢ0.046 MPaɼFig. 3ʣͱ΄΅ಉ౳ͱͳͬͨɽҰํɼ౔৕ͷ EC1:5 ͕ 0.33 dS m−1 ͷ৔߹ɼʢ5ʣࣜ͸ਫϙςϯγϟϧΛҰ༷ʹʢ0.1 ∼ 0.6 MPa ఔ౓ʣաେධՁ͠ɼ

ਂ͞ 0.05 mʀ

ψw = − exp(−7.46575 × 10−13 raw counts5ͦͷ݁Ռɼr2 ͸ 0.9855 ͱൺֱతେ͖͍஋Ͱ͋ͬͨ΋ͷ+ 6.90353 × 10−9 raw counts4

ͷɼRMSE ͕ 0.310 MPa ͱͳͬͨɽ͜Ε͸౔৕ʹԘԽΧ

− 2.54265 × 10−5 raw counts3Ϧ΢Ϝ༹ӷΛՃ͑ͨ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼ͞Βʹࢼྉͷਫ෼ྔ+ 4.662 × 10−2 raw counts2 − 42.55348raw countsΛௐ੔ͨ͠ࡍʹɼ౔৕ਫதͷ༹࣭ೱ౓͕૿Ճͨ͜͠ͱʹΑͬͯɼਁಁϙςϯγϟϧͷ෼͚ͩਫϙςϯγϟϧ͕௿Լͨͨ͠ΊͰ͋Δɽ͜ΕΒͷ܏޲͸ɼFig. 3 Λࢦ਺ؔ਺౳Ͱۙࣅͯ͠ൺֱͨ͠৔߹Ͱ΋ಉ͡Ͱ͋ͬͨ͜ͱ͔Βɼ+ 1.54756 × 104 )ʢr2 = 0.9927ɼRMSE = 1.73 kPaʣ

(6)࿦จɿౚ݁Λͱ΋ͳ͏໢૸஍Ҭͷ೶஍ʹ͓͚ΔϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ‫ق‬અมಈ

57

౔ͱͷؔ࿈ʹ͓͍ͯࣔͨͨ͠Ίౚ݁‫ؒظ‬ͷΈͷ΋ͷͱਂ͞ 0.35 mʀ

ψw = − exp( − 4.440003 × 10−10V 5 + 1.6196325 × 10−6V 4

ͨ͠ɻ

3.3.1 ඇౚ݁‫ظ‬− 2.3600075 × 10−3V 3 + 1.7170712V 2౔৕͸߱Ӎͷ༗ແʹΑͬͯ‫࣪ס‬Λ‫܁‬Γฦ͠ɼϚτϦο− 6.2382097 × 102V + 9.0545 × 104

Ϋϙςϯγϟϧ͸ɼਂ͞ 0.05 m Ͱ −117 ∼ −1 kPaʢฏʢr2 = 0.9976ɼRMSE = 0.74 kPaʣ(7)ਂ͞ 0.45 mʀ

ψw = − exp( − 1.578234 × 10

‫ ۉ‬−17 kPaʣɼਂ͞ 0.35 m Ͱ −31 ∼ −2 kPaʢฏ‫ ۉ‬−6kPaʣΛਪҠͨ͠ʢFig. 7aɼfɼhʣɽਂ͞ 0.45 m Ͱ͸ɼਂ͞
0.35 m ΑΓ΋ฏ‫ ͯ͠ۉ‬2 kPa ఔ౓ϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟ
ϧ͕௿͔ͬͨɽͦͷͨΊඇౚ݁‫ظ‬ͷ΄ͱΜͲʹΘͨͬͯ

−10 5

−7 4

0.35 ∼ 0.45 m ͷਂ͞ʹ͓͚Δಈਫޯ഑͕ਖ਼Ͱ͋ΓɼԼ޲

−4 3

−1 2

͖ͷਫҠಈ͕ଓ͍ͨʢFig. 7hɼiʣɽ͔͠͠࿈ଓͨ͠ແ߱

V + 5.879515 × 10 V

− 8.755187 × 10 V + 6.5148227 × 10 V
− 2.4228555V × 102 + 3.60378 × 104 )ʢr2 = 0.9992ɼRMSE = 0.50 kPaʣ(8)

Fig. 6 ʹ͓͍ͯɼਂ͞ 0.35 m ͱ 0.45 m ͷ౔৕ʹ͓͚Δֱਖ਼‫ۂ‬ઢʢʢ7ʣɼʢ8ʣࣜʣͷؒʹͷେ͖ͳҧ͍͕ೝΊΒΕͳ͔ͬͨɽ͜Ε͸ɼ౔৕ͷཻ‫ܘ‬෼෍΍‫ס‬૩ີ౓͕ྨ
ࣅ͍ͯͨͨ͠Ίͱߟ͑ΒΕΔʢTable 1ʣɽ·ͨ Decagon

Devicesʢ2008ʣʹ͸ɼMPS-1 ͷਫ਼౓͸ɼϚτϦοΫϙς
ϯγϟϧ͕ −50 ∼ −10 kPa ͷൣғͰ ±5 kPaɼ−50 kPaҎԼͰ͸ଌఆ஋ͷ ±20 % ͱ‫͞ࡌه‬Ε͍ͯΔ͕ɼʢ6ʣ ∼ʢ8ʣࣜͷ RMSE ͕ 0.50 ∼ 1.73 kPa ͱͳͬͨ͜ͱ͔Βɼ
ʢ6ʣ ∼ ʢ8ʣࣜΛ༻͍Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼߴ͍ਫ਼౓Ͱͷ‫؍‬ଌ͕‫ظ‬଴Ͱ͖Δɽͳֱ͓ਖ਼ͷࡍɼϫάωϧϙοτʹઃஔͨ͠

2 ຊͷςϯγΦϝʔλʹ͓͚ΔϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ
ͷଌఆ஋ͷࠩ͸ɼৗʹ 1 kPa ະຬͰ͋ͬͨɽ͞Βʹɼ࣮ӍʹΑΔ‫ס‬૩͕ଓ͘ͱʢୈ 1 ‫Ͱظ‬͸ 2010 ೥ 6 ݄ 16 ೔ͱ2010 ೥ 10 ݄ 4 ೔ɼୈ 2 ‫Ͱظ‬͸ 2011 ೥ 6 ݄ 9 ೔ͱ 2011
೥ 8 ݄ 14 ೔ɼ֤೔ͷલ‫ޙ‬ʣ
ɼਂ͞ 0.05 m ͷϚτϦοΫϙ
ςϯγϟϧ͕େ͖͘‫ݮ‬গͨ͠ͷʹͱ΋ͳͬͯɼਂ͞ 0.35m ͱ 0.45 m ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷେখ͕‫ٯ‬స͠
ͨʢFig. 7aɼfɼhʣɽ͜ΕʹΑΓɼ0.35 ∼ 0.45 m ͷਂ͞ʹ
͓͚Δಈਫޯ഑͕ෛͱͳͬͯɼ্޲͖ͷਫҠಈ͕ 3 ∼ 15೔ఔ౓ੜͨ͜͡ͱ͕ࣔ͞Ε͕ͨɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷ߱ӍʹΑͬͯਫҠಈͷํ޲͕Լ޲͖ʹసͨ͡ʢFig. 7iʣɽ2010 ೥ 10 ݄

3 ೔ͱ 2011 ೥ 8 ݄ 14 ೔ʹ‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨਂ͞ 0.05 m ͷϚτϦοΫϙϯγϟϧ͸ɼͦΕͧΕ −96 kPa ͓Αͼ −117kPa ͱɼੜ௕્֐ਫ෼఺ʢ−100 kPaʣʹ͍ۙ஋Ͱ͋Γɼଟ͘ͷςϯγΦϝʔλͰ͸‫؍‬ଌͰ͖ͳ͍ϚτϦοΫϙς
ϯγϟϧͷ௿ԼΛ MPS-1 Ͱ௥͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽ

3.3.2 ౚ݁‫ظ‬
ୈ 1 ‫ظ‬ɼୈ 2 ‫ͱظ‬΋ʹɼ11 ݄຤ ∼ 12 ݄ॳ०ʹ౔৕͕‫Ͱ಺ࣨݧ‬ͷଌఆͷࡍʹೝΊΒΕͨ͜ͱͱͯ͠ɼηϥϛοౚ݁࢝͠Ίɼ4 ্݄०ʹ‫׬‬શʹ༥ղͨ͠ɽ࠷େ౔৕ౚ݁

ΫσΟεΫʹُ྾΍ഁյ͕ੜ͡Δͱɼଌఆ஋ͷมಈ͕ஶਂ͸ɼୈ 1 ‫ Ͱظ‬0.33 mɼୈ 2 ‫ Ͱظ‬0.32 m Ͱ͋Γɼ྆೥Ͱ͘͠େ͖͘ͳΓɼ҆ఆͨ͠஋͕ಘΒΕͳ͔ͬͨɽ

େ͖ͳҧ͍͸ೝΊΒΕͳ͔ͬͨɽౚ݁લઢ͕ਂ͞ 0.05 m

3.3 ϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ‫ق‬અมԽʹ౸ୡͨ͠‫ޙ‬ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧʢFig. 7gʣ͸ɼҎ্ͷΑ͏ʹ੔ཧ͞Εͨʢ1ʣࣜʹ͓͚Δਁಁϙςϯ

ʢ1ʣࣜʹΑͬͯ‫ٻ‬Ί͍ͯΔͨΊɼಉਂ͞ʹ͓͚Δౚ౔ͷγϟϧͷ‫ݕ‬౼݁ՌͱɼMPS-1 ͷֱਖ਼ࣜʢʢ6ʣ ∼ ʢ8ʣࣜʣ஍ԹͷมಈʢFig. 7eʣͱ࿈ಈ͍ͯ͠Δɽ஍Թ͕࠷΋௿ԼΛ΋ͱʹɼ໺֎ʹ͓͚ΔϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ‫؍‬ଌͨ͠ࡍʹɼୈ 1 ‫Ͱظ‬͸ −2.6 MPaɼୈ 2 ‫Ͱظ‬͸ −2.3 MPa݁Ռʢ೔ฏ‫ۉ‬஋ʣʹ͍ͭͯɼ߱Ӎྔʢ೔ੵࢉ஋ʣ΍‫ؾ‬Թ·Ͱ௿Լͨ͠ʢFig. 7gʣɽ͜Ε͸ɼඇౚ݁‫࠷ʹظ‬΋௿Լʢ೔ฏ‫ۉ‬஋ʣɼੵઇਂɼ஍Թʢ೔ฏ‫ۉ‬஋ʣɼ౔৕ౚ݁ਂʢ஍

ͨ͠஋ͷ 20 ഒ௿͍஋Ͱ͋Δɽ͜ΕΒ͸ౚ݁‫ؒظ‬ͷॳ‫ظ‬Թͷ೔ฏ‫ۉ‬஋ΑΓࢉग़ʣ
ɼਂ͞ 0.35 ∼ 0.45 m ͷಈਫޯ഑ʹ‫ه‬࿥͞Εʢୈ 1 ‫Ͱظ‬͸ 2009 ೥ 12 ݄ 20 ೔ɼୈ 2 ‫Ͱظ‬ʢψm35 ͱ ψm45 ͷ೔ฏ‫ۉ‬஋͔Βʢ4ʣࣜΑΓࢉग़ʣͱ߹Θͤͯ Fig. 7 ʹࣔ͢ɽҎ߱Ͱ͸ɼͱ͘ʹඇౚ݁‫ͱظ‬ౚ݁‫ظ‬

͸ 2011 ೥ 1 ݄ 16 ೔ʣɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬ϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ
͕૿Ճͨ͠ʢFig. 7gʣɽ͜Ε͸ɼ‫ؾ‬Թͷ௿Լʹͱ΋ͳͬͷൺֱɼ͞Βʹද૚ͱԼ૚ͷൺֱʹয఺Λ౰ͯͯड़΂Δɽͯౚ݁લઢ͕Լํ΁ਐߦʢౚ݁ਂ͕૿Ճʣͨ͠ͷʹ߹Θͳ͓໺֎‫؍‬ଌͰ͸ɼEm50 Ͱ‫ه‬࿥ͨ͠ਂ͞ 0.05 m ʹ͓ͤɼౚ౔಺ͷ஍Թ͕௿Լͨ͠‫ޙ‬ɼ஍ද໘͕ઇʹ෴ΘΕ͚ͯΔ MPS-1 ͷ raw counts ʹ͍ͭͯɼ‫ס‬૩ଆͰ͸ 1670ɼ
࣪५ଆͰ͸ 2230 ·Ͱ‫؍‬ଌ͞Εɼࣨ಺ͷଌఆͰಘΒΕͨൣғΛ௒͑ͨ஋͕ಘΒΕͨɽʢ6ʣࣜͰ͸ɼraw counts ͕1670 ͓Αͼ 2230 ͷͱ͖ɼϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͸ͦΕͧΕ −122 kPa ͓Αͼ −1 kPa ͱͳΔɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ
MPS-1 ͕ −1 kPa ఔ౓·Ͱଌఆ͠͏Δ͜ͱʢFig. 6ʣɼ·ͨʢ6ʣࣜ͸ɼraw counts ͕ 2060 ͷͱ͖ʹ‫ۂ‬ઢͷ܏͖͕Ժ΍͔ʹͳΔ΋ͷͷɼraw counts ͕ 1670 ͔Β 2230 ͷؒͰ͸܏͖͕‫ٯ‬సͤͣɼৗʹਖ਼Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ͔Βɼਂ͞ 0.05m ʹ͓͚Δ MPS-1 ͷଌఆͰ͸ɼʢ6ʣࣜΛิ֎ͯ͠ϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧΛ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽ·ͨ Fig. 7 ͷ஍Թ͸ɼౚ஍Թ্͕ঢͨͨ͠ΊͰ͋ΔʢFig. 7bɼcɼdɼeʣɽҰൠʹઇͷ೤఻ಋ཰͸ඇৗʹখ͘͞ʢਫͷ೤఻ಋ཰ͷ൒෼ҎԼʣɼੵઇਂͷ૿ՃʹΑͬͯ஍ද໘͔Βେ‫΁ؾ‬ͷ೤ͷ์ग़͕཈੍͞ΕΔҰํͰɼౚ݁‫ؒظ‬தɼౚ౔૚Լ૚͔Β͸΄΅Ұఆͷ্޲͖ͷ೤ϑϥοΫε͕ઈ͑ͣ‫͞څڙ‬ΕΔʢIwata,
et al., 2008ʣɽຊ‫͍͓ͯʹڀݚ‬΋ɼ஍ද໘΍ਂ͞ 0.05 m
Ͱౚ݁ॳ‫࠷ʹظ‬΋௿͍஍Թ͕‫ه‬࿥͞Εͨ‫ޙ‬ɼੵઇʹΑͬͯ஍Թͷ௿Լ͕཈͑ΒΕͨҰํͰɼਂ͕͞ਂ͘ͳΔ΄Ͳ஍Թ͕ߴ͍ঢ়ଶ͕ଓ͍ͨʢFig. 7eʣɽͦͷ݁Ռɼୈ 1‫Ͱظ‬͸ 2009 ೥ 12 ݄ 20 ೔Ҏ߱ɼୈ 2 ‫Ͱظ‬͸ 2011 ೥ 1
݄ 22 ೔Ҏ߱ɼਂ͞ 0.05 m ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͸

58

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)

Fig. 7 ߱ਫྔ (a)ɼ‫ؾ‬Թ (b)ɼੵઇਂ (c)ɼౚ݁ਂ (d)ɼ஍Թ (e)ɼMPS-1 Ͱଌఆͨ͠ਂ͞ 0.05 m ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ (f)ɼʢ1ʣࣜΑΓ‫ٻ‬Ίͨਂ͞ 0.05 m ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ (g)ɼMPS-1 Ͱଌఆͨ͠ਂ͞ 0.35 ͱ 0.45 m ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ (h)ɼਂ͞ 0.35 ∼ 0.45 m ͷಈਫޯ഑ (i)ɽTime series of rainfall (a), air temperature (b), snow cover thickness (c), frost depth (d), soil temperature (e), matric potential at a depthof 0.05 m measured by MPS-1 (f), matric potential at a depth of 0.05 m calculated by Eq. (1) (g), matric potential at depths of 0.35 m
and 0.45 m measured by MPS-1 (h), and hydraulic gradient between depths of 0.35 m and 0.45 m (i).

࿦จɿౚ݁Λͱ΋ͳ͏໢૸஍Ҭͷ೶஍ʹ͓͚ΔϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ‫ق‬અมಈ

59ͷ‫ͳܹٸ‬มԽ͸ɼ༥ઇ͕࢝·ͬͨҰํͰɼౚ౔Ͱ͸༥ઇਫͷਁಁʹର͢Δ఍߅͕ऑ·͍ͬͯͨͨΊɼ༥ઇਫ͕ౚ
౔૚Λ؏͍ͯԼ૚·Ͱਁಁͨ͜͠ͱΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δ΋ͷͱߟ͑ΒΕΔʢIwata et al., 2010a; Iwata et al., 2010bʣɽ
ͱ͜ΖͰౚ݁‫ؒظ‬த΋ɼਂ͞ 0.05 m Ͱ͸ MPS-1 ʹΑΔϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ‫؍‬ଌ͕ଓ͚ΒΕͨɽ͔͠͠
ౚ݁‫ؒظ‬ͷ΄ͱΜͲʹ͓͍ͯɼEm50 ʹ‫ه‬࿥͞Εͨਂ͞

0.05 m ͷ MPS-1 ͷ raw counts ͸ 1670 Λࣔͨ͠··มԽ͠ͳ͔ͬͨʢਤʹ͸͍ࣔͯ͠ͳ͍ʣɽ͜Ε͸ɼౚ౔Λର৅ͱͨ͠ࡍͷ Em50 ʹΑΔ MPS-1 ଌఆͷԼ‫ͬ͋Ͱݶ‬ͨͨΊͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɻલड़ͷ௨ΓɼMPS-1 ͕ग़ྗ͢Δ

Fig. 8 ౚ౔ͷෆౚਫͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷଌఆʹ͓͚
Δ Eq (1) ʹΑΔ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͱ MPS-1 ʹΑΔଌఆ஋ͷൺֱɽComparison between matric potential of unfrozen water of frozen
soil calculated by Eq. (1) and that measured by MPS-1.

−2.0 MPa ΛԼճΒͳ͔ͬͨɽౚ݁‫ؒظ‬தͷਂ͞ 0.05 m
ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͸ɼฏ‫ͯ͠ۉ‬ୈ 1 ‫Ͱظ‬͸ −0.8MPaɼୈ 2 ‫Ͱظ‬͸ −1.0 MPa Ͱ͋ͬͨʢFig. 7gʣɽraw counts ͕ 1670 ͷͱ͖ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͸
−122 kPa ʹ૬౰͢Δɽౚ݁։࢝࣌ͱɼౚ౔͕‫׬‬શʹ༥ղ͢Δલͷ਺೔ؒ͸ɼ MPS-1 Ͱଌఆͨ͠ਂ͞ 0.05 m ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͸-122 kPa Ҏ্Ͱ͕͋ͬͨɼʢ1ʣࣜʹΑͬͯ‫ٻ‬ΊͨϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͱҰகͤͣɼౚ݁։࢝࣌ʹ͸ MPS-1 ͷଌఆ஋ͷํ͕௿͘ɼ༥ղ࣌ʹ͸ MPS-1 ͷํ͕ߴ͔ͬͨʢFig. 7fɼg ͓Αͼ Fig. 8ʣɽ͜Ε͸ɼʢ1ʣࣜʹΑͬͯ‫ٻ‬ΊͨϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͸ɼ೤ిରΛຒઃͨ͠‫ۃ‬Ίͯ‫ݶ‬ΒΕͨ‫ॴݸ‬ͷ஋Ͱ͋ͬͨͷʹର͠ɼMPS-1 ʹΑΔଌఆͰ͸ɼౚ݁։࢝࣌ʹ͸ MPS-1
ͷ্෦͕ౚ͓݁ͯ͠Γɼ༥ղ࣌ʹ͸ MPS-1 ͷ্෦͕༥ղ

ਂ͞ 0.35 m ͱ 0.45 m ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͸ɼ͠ɼ·ͨ༥ઇਫͷਁಁ͕‫͔ͱ͍ͨͯͬ͜͜ى‬Βɼ MPS-1

ౚ݁ͷ։࢝ͱͱ΋ʹ‫ݮʹܹٸ‬গ͠ɼ0.35 ∼ 0.45 m ͷਂͷଌఆ஋͕पғͷෆ‫ۉ‬Ұͳঢ়ଶΛ൓ө͍ͯͨ͠΋ͷͱߟ͞ʹ͓͚Δಈਫޯ഑͕ෛʢ্޲͖ʣʹసͨ͡ʢFig. 7hɼ͑ΒΕΔɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͔Β΋ MPS-1 ͸ɼηϥϛοΫσΟ

iʣɽ͜ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ௿Լͱಈਫޯ഑ͷมεΫ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɼपғͷ౔৕ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ

Խ͸ɼਂ͞ 0.05 m ʹ͍࣍Ͱੜ͍ͯͨ͜͡ͱ͔Βɼ౔৕ͷͷେ͖͞Λ൓өͨ͠ग़ྗ஋Λࣔ͢΋ͷͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽͳౚ݁ʹΑͬͯҾ͖‫͜͞ى‬Εͨ΋ͷͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛද͍͓ͯ͠ɼਂ͞ 0.05 m ʹຒઃͨ͠ MPS-1 Ͱ͸ɼηϥϛοΫ

Δɽਂ͞ 0.05 m ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͕ɼౚ݁‫ظ‬σΟεΫ಺ͷਫ෼ͷౚ݁ʹΑΔମੵ๲ு΍ɼΞΠεϨϯ

ؒͷॳ‫࠷ʹظ‬௿஋Λࣔ͠ɼͦͷ‫૿ޙ‬Ճͨ͠ͷʹର͠ɼਂζͷൃୡ౳ʹ‫ى‬Ҽ͢Δُ྾΍ഁյ͕ੜ͡Δ͜ͱ͕‫ݒ‬೦͞

͞ 0.35 m ͱ 0.45 m ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͸ɼౚ݁Ε͕ͨɼౚ౔ͷ༥ղ‫ޙ‬΋҆ఆͨ͠஋͕ಘΒΕ͍ͯͨ͜ͱ

‫ؒظ‬ͷத൫Λա͗Δ·Ͱ‫ݮ‬গΛଓ͚ɼͦͷ࠷௿஋͸ਂ͔͞ΒɼMPS-1 ͷ‫ނ‬ো͸ͳ͔ͬͨ΋ͷͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

0.35 m Ͱ −39 kPaʢୈ 1 ‫ظ‬ʣͱ −35 kPaʢୈ 2 ‫ظ‬ʣɼ0.45m Ͱ͸ −32 kPaʢୈ 1 ‫ظ‬ʣͱ −27 kPaʢୈ 2 ‫ظ‬ʣͱͳΓɼඇౚ݁‫ʹظ‬ແ߱Ӎ͕ଓ͍ͨࡍΑΓ΋௿͔ͬͨʢFig.
7hʣɽਂ͞ 0.35 ∼ 0.45 m ͷಈਫޯ഑͸ɼౚ݁‫ؒظ‬தɼୈ
1 ‫Ͱظ‬͸ 2009 ೥ 12 ݄ 18 ೔͔Β 2010 ೥ 3 ݄ 19 ೔·Ͱͷ 92 ೔ؒɼୈ 2 ‫Ͱظ‬͸ 2011 ೥ 1 ݄ 12 ೔͔Β 2011 ೥
3 ݄ 12 ೔·Ͱͷ 60 ೔ؒʹෛͷ஋Λ͓ࣔͯ͠ΓɼԼ૚ͷਫҠಈͷํ޲্͕޲͖Ͱ͋ͬͨ‫͕ؒظ‬௕‫ʹظ‬Θ͍ͨͬͯ

3.3.3 ϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷԖ௚෼෍࠷‫ʹޙ‬ɼౚ݁‫ؒظ‬தʹද૚ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ
͕࠷΋খ͘͞ͳͬͨ 2009 ೥ 12 ݄ 20 ೔ͱɼౚ݁‫ؒظ‬தʹԼ૚ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͕࠷΋খ͘͞ͳͬͨ

2010 ೥ 2 ݄ 19 ೔ɼ͓Αͼඇౚ݁‫ؒظ‬தʹද૚ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͕࠷΋খ͘͞ͳͬͨ 2011 ೥ 8 ݄ 14೔ͷͦΕͧΕʹ͓͚ΔɼϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷԖ௚෼෍ʢ೔ฏ‫ۉ‬஋ʣΛ Fig. 9 ʹࣔ͢ɽౚ౔૚಺ͷϚτϦο

ͨʢFig. 7iʣɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹ௕‫ʹظ‬ΘͨͬͯਫҠಈ্͕޲͖

Ϋϙςϯγϟϧ͸ɼਂ͞ 0.05 m Ҏ֎ͷਂ͞ʹ͍ͭͯ΋

ͱͳΔ͜ͱ͸ඇౚ݁‫ʹظ‬͸ͳ͘ɼౚ݁‫ؒظ‬ͷϚτϦοΫ

ʢ1ʣࣜʹΑΓ஍Թ͔Βࢉग़ͨ͠ɽFig. 9 ΑΓɼౚ͕݁ൃ

ϙςϯγϟϧͷมԽ΍ͦΕʹΑͬͯੜ͡ΔਫҠಈ͕‫ۃ‬Ίୡ͍ͯ͠Δ‫ʹؒظ‬͸ɼඇౚ݁‫ʹظ‬ද૚͕େ͖͘‫ס‬૩ͨͯ͠ಛ௃తͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ͱͳͬͨɽ

ͱ͖Ҏ্ʹɼԼ૚͔Β஍ද໘ʹ͔͚ͯ࿈ଓ্ͨ͠޲͖ͷୈ 1 ‫Ͱظ‬͸ 2010 ೥ 3 ݄ 14 ೔ɼୈ 2 ‫Ͱظ‬͸ 2011 ೥ 3ϙςϯγϟϧޯ഑͕‫ܗ‬੒͞Ε͍ͯͨɽ͔͠΋ɼ஍ද͔Β݄ 13 ೔Λ‫ʹڥ‬ɼਂ͞ 0.35 m ͱ 0.45 m ͷϚτϦοΫϙ

ਂ͞ 0.10 m ·Ͱ −1 MPa ΛԼճΔ΄ͲͰ͋ͬͨɽԼ૚

ςϯγϟϧ͕‫͠૿ٸ‬ɼ0.35 ∼ 0.45 m ͷਂ͞ʹ͓͚ΔಈਫͰ͸ɼඇౚ݁‫ʹظ‬ແ߱Ӎ೔͕࿈ଓ͢Δ৔߹ʹඖఢ͢Δ΄ޯ഑͕‫ʹܹٸ‬ਖ਼ʢԼ޲͖ʣʹసͨ͡ʢFig. 7hɼiʣɽಉ࣌Ͳͷϙςϯγϟϧޯ഑͕ੜ͡ಘΔ͜ͱ͕ೝΊΒΕͨɽ͜‫ʹظ‬͸ɼ೔ฏ‫ؾۉ‬Թ͕ 0 ◦ C Λ্ճΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͯੵઇ

ͷΑ͏ʹ౔৕ͷౚ݁͸ɼϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ௿Լਂͷ‫ݮ‬গ͕࢝·ΓʢFig. 7bɼcʣɼ·ͨౚ౔ͷ஍Թ͕ 0 ◦ Cͱ͍͏ҙຯʹ͓͍ͯɼද૚ɼԼ૚ͱ΋ʹ‫ۃ‬Ίͯ‫ס͍ڧ‬૩

෇ۙ·Ͱ্ঢ͍ͯͨ͠ʢFig. 7eʣɽͦͷͨΊɼਂ͞ 0.35

ʹമ͞ΕΔ͜ͱΛҙຯ͢Δɽౚ݁‫ͱظ‬ɼඇౚ݁‫Ͱظ‬ແ߱m ͱ 0.45 m ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ΍ਫҠಈͷํ޲Ӎ೔͕࿈ଓ͢Δ࣌‫͚͓ʹظ‬ΔԼ૚౔ͷਫ෼ಈଶͷྨࣅੑ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)60τϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͕ੜ௕્֐ਫ෼఺ʢ−100 kPaʣʹୡ͢Δ΄Ͳ௿Լͨ͠ɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼౚ౔૚Λ‫ؚ‬Ίͨ௨೥‫؍‬ଌʹΑͬͯɼςϯγΦϝʔλͰ͸‫؍‬ଌͰ͖ͳ͍‫ס‬૩ͷ༷ࢠΛ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽͳ͓ɼ‫؍‬ଌ۠ͷਂ͞ 0.05 m ʹຒઃͨ͠ MPS-1 ͸ɼౚ݁‫ؒظ‬தʹग़ྗ஋͕Լ‫ݶ‬஋Λࣔͯ͠ҰఆͱͳͬͨͨΊʹଌఆ͕Ͱ͖
ͳ͔͕ͬͨɼౚ݁ʹΑΔഁଛ͸ͳ͔ͬͨɽ
౔৕ౚ݁Λͱ΋ͳ͏೶஍Ͱ͸ɼ‫ۃ‬Ίͯେ͖ͳϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷมಈʢ‫࣪ס‬ͷมԽʣ͕ੜ͍ͯ͡Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ʹͳͬͨɽਫϑϥοΫεͷఆྔԽͳͲɼਫऩࢧ
ͷৄࡉͳධՁ͕ࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷ՝୊Ͱ͋Δɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬ର৅ͱͨ͠
໢૸஍Ҭ͸ɼզ͕ࠃͰ࠷΋߱ਫྔͷগͳ͍஍Ҭͷ 1 ͭͰ͋Γɼ߱ਫύλʔϯ΍౔৕ౚ݁ਂͷมԽ͕‫ݒ‬೦͞Ε͍ͯΔͨΊɼద੾ͳਫ؅ཧΛߦ͏ͨΊʹ͸ɼ‫ީؾ‬มಈʹͱ΋ͳ͏೶஍‫ڥ؀‬ͷมԽʹ͍ͭͯɼࠓ‫ޙ‬΋஫ҙਂ͘‫؍‬ଌΛଓ͚Δඞཁ͕͋Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ
Fig. 9 ϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷԖ௚෼෍ɽ
Proﬁles of matric potential.

ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͱਫϑϥοΫεΛத৺ʹൺֱͨ͠ Iwata et al.ʢ2010bʣͷใࠂྫ͕͋Δ͕ɼຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼౚ౔૚΋‫ؚ‬ΊͨϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ‫͔఺؍‬Βͦͷ༷ࢠΛ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽ

4. ·ͱΊ

ँࣙຊ‫ڀݚ‬ͷҰ෦͸ɼՊֶ‫ڀݚ‬අิॿۚʢएख‫ڀݚ‬ʢBʣɼ՝
୊൪߸ 20780178ʣ͓Αͼ౦‫ژ‬೶‫ۀ‬େֶେֶӃߴ౓Խਪਐࣄ‫ۀ‬ͷิॿΛड͚ͨɽ·ͨຊ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ਱ߦʹ͋ͨͬͯɼ
ന೾੉޾உࢯɼ‫ٱ‬อาࢯɼ൧௩‫ࢯࢠܓ‬ɼ‫ٶ‬ຊ৳෉ࢯͷ‫ڠ‬ྗΛ௖͍ͨɽ͞Βʹߴ‫ڭޛڮ‬तɼ౉ᬒจ༤‫ڭ‬तΑΓɼ‫ݪ‬ߘʹରͯ͠‫و‬ॏͳॿ‫ݴ‬Λࣀͬͨɽ͜ΕΒͷํʑͱɼϚϝμεσʔλΛఏ‫͍͍ͨͩͨڙ‬೔ຊ‫ؾ‬৅‫ڠ‬ձ๺ւಓࢧࣾɼ

ຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ౔৕ౚ݁Λͱ΋ͳ͏໢૸஍Ҭͷാะ৔Λର৅ʹɼϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ௨೥‫؍‬ଌΛߦͬͨɽ͓Αͼͦͷ࢖༻‫ڐ‬ՄΛ͍͍ͨͩͨ JA ΦϗʔπΫ໢૸ʹ‫ँͯ͠ه‬ҙΛද͠·͢ɽౚ౔૚಺ͷෆౚਫͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͸ɼʢ1ʣࣜΛ༻͍ͯ஍Թ͔Βࢉग़ͨ͠ɽͦͷࡍɼਫϙςϯγϟϧͷ
௿ԼΛҾ͖‫͢͜ى‬ཁҼʹ͍ͭͯ‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɼࣗવ
ͳঢ়ଶʢEC1:5 = 0.16 dS m−1 ʣͰ͸ɼਁಁϙςϯγϟϧ
ͷӨ‫ڹ‬͸ແࢹ͠͏Δ΄Ͳʹখ͘͞ɼ‫؍‬ଌ۠ͷ౔৕ʹ͓͚Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬
Decagon Devices (2008): MPS-1 Dielectric Water Potential Sensor Operator’s Manual. Version 2.0. p.24, WA.

Δෆౚਫͷਫϙςϯγϟϧͷ௿Լ͸͓΋ʹɼϚτϦοΫ

‫ాݪ‬༟հ, ౔୩෋࢜෉, ෢ాҰ෉, फԬणඒ (2009): ௕‫؍ظ‬ଌʹ‫ج‬ϙςϯγϟϧͷ௿ԼʹΑΔ΋ͷͱΈͳͤͨɽ‫؍‬ଌ۠ͷਂͮ͘ੵઇԼͷ౔ͷౚ݁༥ղಛੑ. ઇණ, 71 (4): 241–251.

͞ 0.05ɼ0.35ɼ0.45 m Ͱ͸ɼ༠ిਫϙςϯγϟϧηϯα

Hardy, J.P., Groffman, P.M., Fitzhugh, R.D., Henry, K.S., Wel-ʢMPS-1ʣΛ࢖༻ͨ͠ɽςϯγΦϝʔλΛ༻͍ͯ MPS-1

man, A.T., Demers, J.D., Fahey, T.J., Driscoll, C.T., Tierney,Λֱਖ਼ͨ͠ͱ͜ΖɼϝʔΧʔ͕ఆΊֱͨਖ਼ࣜʹൺ΂ɼ༩

G.L. and Nolan, S. (2001): Snow depth manipulation and its͑ΒΕͨग़ྗ஋ʹରͯ͠ߴ͍ϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧΛ

inﬂuence on soil frost and water dynamics in a northern hard-͕ࣔͨ͠ɼ‫؍‬ଌ۠ͷ౔৕ʹద߹ֱͨ͠ਖ਼ࣜΛ༻͍Δ͜ͱ

wood forest. Biogeochemistry, 56: 151–174.

ʹΑΓɼߴ͍ਫ਼౓Ͱͷ‫؍‬ଌ͕Մೳͱͳͬͨɽ
‫؍‬ଌ۠Ͱ͸ɼ࠷େ౔৕ౚ݁ਂ͕ 0.3 m ఔ౓Ͱ͋Γɼౚ౔૚ɼ͓ΑͼԼ૚ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͕ඇౚ݁‫ظ‬ؒΑΓ΋Լ͕ͬͨɽౚ݁‫ ͞ਂʹظ‬0.05 m Ͱ‫؍‬ଌ͞ΕͨϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ࠷௿஋͸ −2.6 MPa ͱͳΓɼඇౚ݁‫؍ʹظ‬ଌ͞Εͨ࠷௿஋ΑΓ΋ 20 ഒ௿͔ͬͨɽ·ͨ஍ද໘͔Βਂ͞ 0.10 m ·Ͱ −1.0 MPa ΛԼճͬͨɽ
ͦͷͨΊਂ͞ 0.35 ∼ 0.45 m ͷਫҠಈͷํ޲͸ɼඇౚ݁‫Ͱظ‬͸͓͓ΉͶԼ޲͖Ͱ͋ͬͨͷʹର͠ɼౚ݁‫Ͱظ‬͸ɼ

2 ϲ݄͔Β 3 ϲ݄ఔ౓্޲͖͕ଓ͍ͨɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷมԽ͸ɼౚ݁Λͱ΋ͳ͏೶஍ͷେ͖ͳಛ௃Ͱ͋Δɽͨͩ͠ඇౚ݁‫ͯͬ͋Ͱؒظ‬΋ɼ೥ʹ 1∼ 2 ճఔ౓ɼແ߱Ӎ೔ͷ࿈ଓʹΑͬͯɼਂ͞ 0.05 m ͷϚ௕୩઒पҰ (1999): ാ࡞౔ͷ −0.1 MPa ҎԼͷಁਫ܎਺ͷ஋. ೔ຊ౔৕ංྉֶࡶࢽ, 70 (2): 194–197.
௕୩઒पҰ, പ෵ୢত (1988): ‫ܞ‬ଳ‫ܕ‬σδλϧϚϊϝʔλར༻ʹΑΔ౔৕ਫ෼‫ٵ‬Ҿѹͷଌఆ. ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ, 58: 49–51.
ૣ໺ඒஐࢠ, ‫؛‬Ҫಙ༤, ‫׉‬༿ହ‫( ٱ‬2001): ೶ֶతࢹ఺ʹΑΔແ߱ਫ‫ؒظ‬ͷධՁ. ਫ޻ֶ࿦จू, 45: 199–204.
लౡ޷ত, େ໺ɹོ, தଜ࿨ਖ਼, খ໺ࣉউ, ౉ลጏ‫( ޗ‬2002): Րࢁփ౔৕͕෼෍͢Δੵઇ‫ྫྷפ‬஍ྲྀҬͷුྲྀ౔࠭ྲྀग़཈ࢭʹؔ
͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬: II. ೶ߞ஍Λ޿๊͑͘ΔখྲྀҬͰͷුྲྀ౔࠭ྲྀग़
ͷಛ௃. ਫจ · ਫࢿ‫ֶݯ‬ձࢽ, 15: 187–195.

Hirota, T., Iwata, Y., Hayashi, M., Suzuki, S., Hamasaki, T.,
Sameshima, R. and Takayabu, I. (2006): Decreasing soil-frost
depth and its relation to climate change in Tokachi, Hokkaido,࿦จɿౚ݁Λͱ΋ͳ͏໢૸஍Ҭͷ೶஍ʹ͓͚ΔϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ‫ق‬અมಈ
Japan. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 84:
821–833.
ҏ౻ത෢, ԣా࿨࠸, ٢ాึੵ, খদًߦ (2008): ࠜ‫ܥ‬෼෍ͷ඼छؒࠩҟ͔ΒΈͨςϯαΠͷҤΕ‫ݱ‬৅. ࠜͷ‫ڀݚ‬, 17: 91–98.

Iwata, S., Tabuchi, T. and Warkentin, B.P. (1995): Soil-Water Interactions, 2nd ed., pp.107-125, Dekker, New York.

61ձ, ౦‫ژ‬.

Or, D. and Wraith., J.M. (2002): Soil water content and water
potential relationships. In Soil physics companion (ed. A.W.
Warrick), pp 49–84, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
Rhoades, J.D. (1996): Salinity: electrical conductivity and total
dissolved solids. In Methods of Soil Analysis, part 3, Chemi-

Iwata, Y. and Hirota, T. (2005): Monitoring over-winter soil watercal methods (ed. D.L. Sparks), pp. 417–435, Soil Science So-

dynamics in a freezing and snow-covered environment using

ciety of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madi-a thermally insulated tensiometer. Hydrological processes, 19:3013–3019.
Iwata, Y., Hayashi, M. and Hirota, T. (2008): Effects of snow
cover on soil heat ﬂux and freeze-thaw processes. Journal of
Agricultural Meteorology, 64 (4): 301–309.

son, Wisconsin.
ཱུɹբ, ఱ୩޹෉, ੺ߐ߶෉, ੢ଜ௚ਖ਼ (2003): ԕ৺๏ʹΑΔౚ
౔͓Αͼະౚ౔ͷෆ๞࿨ಁਫ܎਺ଌఆ. ೶‫౔ۀ‬໦ֶձ࿦จू,223: 39–46.
Shoji, S., Hakamada, T. and Tomioka, E. (1990): Properties

Iwata, Y., Hayashi, M., Suzuki, S., Hirota, T. and Hasegawa, S.

and classiﬁcation of selected volcanic ash soils from Abashiri,(2010a): Effects of snow cover on soil freezing, water move-Northern Japan —- transition of Andisols to Mollisols. Soil

ment, and snowmelt inﬁltration: A paired plot experiment.

Science and Plant Nutrition, 36 (3): 409–423.
Spaans, E.J.A. and Baker, J.M. (1996): The soil freezing char-

Water Resources Research, 46: W09504.
Iwata, Y., Hirota, T., Hayashi, M., Suzuki, S. and Hasegawa,acteristic: Its measurement and similarity to the soil moistureS. (2010b): Effects of frozen soil and snow cover on cold-

characteristic. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 60:

season soil water dynamics in Tokachi, Japan. Hydrological
Processes, 24: 1755–1765.
‫ؾ‬৅ி (2005): ஍‫ٿ‬ԹஆԽ༧ଌ৘ใ. ୈ 6 ‫ר‬, ౦‫ژ‬.

13–19.
ਿࢁҰ࿠, ࠤ౉ެ໌ (2006): ๺ւಓ಺ 22 ‫ؾ‬৅‫͚͓ʹॺ׭‬Δ߱ਫ
ྔͷඇఆৗස౓ղੳ. ਫ޻ֶ࿦จू, 50: 187–192.

Knight, J.H., Ferre, P.A., Rudolph, D.L. and Kachanoski, R.G.

Suzuki, S. (2004): Veriﬁcation of freezing point depression(1997): A numerical analysis of the effects of coatings andmethod for measuring matric potential of soil water. Soil Sci-

gaps upon relative dielectric permittivity measurement withtime domain reﬂectometry. Water resources research, 33:
1455–1460.
Malazian, A., Hartsough, P., Kamai, T., Campbell, G.S., Cobos,
D.R. and Hopmans, J.W. (2011): Evaluation of MPS-1 soil
water potential sensor. Journal of Hydrology, 402: 126–134.
‫ٶ‬ຊًਔ, ஜࢵೋ࿠ (2000): ౔৕ͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰-ൺ༠ి཰ؔ܎
΁ͷࠞ߹༠ిಛੑϞσϧͷద༻. ೶‫౔ۀ‬໦ֶձ࿦จू, 206:

193–198.
Mizoguchi, M. (1993): A derivation of matric potential in frozen
soil. Bulletin of Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, 10,
175–182.

ence and Plant Nutrition, 50: 1277–1280.
Tokumoto, I., Noborio, K. and Koga, K. (2010): Coupled waterand heat ﬂow in a grass ﬁeld with aggregated Andisol duringsoil-freezing periods. Cold Regions Science and Technology,
62: 98–106.
౔୩෋࢜෉, দాɹ๛ (1984): ാ஍ͷ౔৕ౚ݁ʹ͍ͭͯ — ‫ྫྷפ‬஍Ҭʹ͓͚Δౙ‫ق‬ͷ೶஍޻ֶత‫ڀݚ‬ʢIʣ—. ೶‫౔ۀ‬໦࿦จू, 110: 51–57.
ӏ໦‫ܒ‬ೋ, ࢁຊ஧உ, Ҫ্ɹ‫ژ‬, ௕ᖒప໌, Ԭᖒɹ޺. (2003): গઇ‫ͳྫྷפ‬ཙ೶ྲྀҬʹ͓͚Δ༥ઇ༥ౚ‫ظ‬ͷਫ࣭ਫจ‫ڥ؀‬. ೶‫౔ۀ‬໦ֶձ࿦จू, 71: 733–739.
౉ล৾ੜ, ‫ل‬౻఩໼, ࡔҪɹউ, औग़৳෉ (2010): ౚ݁໘ۙ๣ͷෆ೔ຊઇණֶձ (1990): ઇණࣙయ. ‫ॻࠓݹ‬Ӄ, ౦‫ژ‬.

ౚਫྔมԽʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬ౚ౔ͷਫ෼ಛੑ‫ۂ‬ઢͱෆ๞࿨ಁਫ܎਺

খ૔ٛޫ (1999): Ұൠ‫ؾ‬৅ֶ (ୈ 2 ൛). pp. 96–99, ౦‫ژ‬େֶग़൛ͷ‫ݕ‬౼. ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ, 116: 9–18.

62౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)ཁࢫౙ‫౔ʹق‬৕͕ౚ݁͢Δ໢૸஍Ҭͷാะ৔ʹ͓͍ͯɼϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ௨೥‫؍‬ଌΛߦͬͨɽਂ͞

0.05, 0.35, 0.45 m Ͱ͸༠ిਫϙςϯγϟϧηϯαʢMPS-1ʣΛ༻͍ɼౚ౔ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͸
஍Թͷؔ਺Ͱ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽౚ౔ͷෆౚਫʹ͍ͭͯɼਫϙςϯγϟϧͷ௿ԼΛҾ͖‫͢͜ى‬ཁҼΛ‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ͱ͜
Ζɼࣗવͳঢ়ଶʢEC1:5 = 0.16 dS m−1 ʣͰ͸ਁಁϙςϯγϟϧͷӨ‫ڹ‬͸ແࢹͰ͖Δ΄Ͳʹখ͘͞ɼਫϙςϯγϟϧ͸ϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧʹ౳͍͠ͱΈͳͤͨɽ MPS-1 ʹ͍ͭͯɼϝʔΧʔ͕ఆΊֱͨਖ਼ࣜ͸ςϯγΦϝʔλʹΑΔ࣮ଌ஋ʹൺ΂ɼϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧΛաখධՁ͕ͨ͠ɼֱਖ਼ͷ݁Ռɼߴ͍ਫ਼౓Ͱͷ‫؍‬ଌ͕Մೳͱͳͬͨɽౚ݁‫ؒظ‬தɼ࠷େ౔৕ౚ݁ਂ͸ 0.30 m ఔ౓Ͱ͋Γɼඇౚ݁‫ؒظ‬ΑΓ΋͸Δ͔ʹϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ͕Լ͕Δ༷ࢠ͕‫؍‬ଌ͞ΕͨɽͦͷͨΊਂ͞ 0.35 ∼ 0.45 m ͷਫҠಈͷํ޲͸ɼඇౚ݁‫Ͱظ‬͸͓͓ΉͶԼ޲͖Ͱ͋ͬͨͷʹର͠ɼౚ݁‫Ͱظ‬͸ɼ2 ϲ݄͔Β 3 ϲ݄ఔ౓্޲͖
͕ଓ͍ͨɽͨͩ͠ඇౚ݁‫ͯͬ͋Ͱؒظ‬΋ɼ೥ʹ 1 ∼ 2 ճఔ౓ɼਂ͞ 0.05 m ͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ
͕ੜ௕્֐ਫ෼఺ʢ−100 kPaʣʹୡ͢Δ΄Ͳ௿Լͨ͠ɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼςϯγΦϝʔλͰ͸‫؍‬ଌͰ͖ͳ͍ϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧͷ௿Լʢ͢ͳΘͪ‫ס‬૩ʣͷ༷ࢠΛ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽ
Ωʔϫʔυɿౚ౔ɼਫϙςϯγϟϧɼ೤ྗֶɼ༠ి౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαɼਫ෼ಈଶ

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 126, p.63 ∼ 70 (2014)੩ి༰ྔ‫ ܕ‬ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯࡾੴਖ਼Ұ 1 · ߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউ 2

Calibration of the capacitance type of ECH2 O soil moisture sensors
Shoichi MITSUISHI1 and Masaru MIZOGUCHI1

Abstract: Volumetric water contents, θ , measured withvarious type of ECH2 O soil moisture sensors (5TE, 5TM,
EC-5, 10HS, ECH2 O-TE, EC-TM) were evaluated for
Toyoura sand, Andisol and Kanto Loam soils in Japan. The
calculated value of ECH2 O sensors reasonably estimatedvolumetric water contents for sand but underestimated forAndisol and Kanto Loam. It is necessary to independently
calibrate the relationship between θ and ε obtained fromeach sensor for accurate measurements of θ for Japanese
volcanic ash soils such as Andisol and Kanto Loam. The
soil water content measurements could be improved by using the calibrated third regression equation with the determination coefﬁcient more than 0.95.
Key Words : ECH2 O soil moisture sensor (EC-5, 10HS,
5TE, 5TM, EC-TE, EC-TM), Toyoura Sand, Andisol,
Kanto Loam, calibration

1. ͸͡Ίʹ
Decagon Devices, Inc.ʢถʣ͸ɼ਺छྨͷ੩ి༰ྔ‫౔ܕ‬৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔʢECH2 O Soil Moisture SensorʣΛൢച͠
͍ͯΔɽDecagon ͷσʔλϩΨʔʢEm50 ౳ʣͱซ༻͢
Δ৔߹ɼECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷઃఆ͸༰қͰɼଌఆσʔλ͸ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰͕‫ه‬࿥͞ΕΔɽECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηຊใࠂͰ͸ɼ೔ຊͷ౔৕Λ༻͍ͯ ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷൺ༠ి཰ͱ࿍‫ס‬๏ʹΑΔମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʢ࣮ଌ஋ʣ
ͷؔ܎Λࣔͯ͠ɼECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷඪ४͔ࣜΒ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͷਖ਼֬౓ʹ͍ͭͯߟ࡯ͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼҟͳΔ ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷࣔ͢ൺ༠ి཰ʹ͍ͭͯൺֱ‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ɽ

2. ࣮‫ํͱݧ‬๏
2.1 ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯ
2.1.1 ‫ࢼڙ‬ηϯαʔͱσʔλϩΨʔ࣮‫͍ͨ༻ʹݧ‬ηϯαʔ͸ɼDecagon Devices, Inc. ͷ

5TE, 5TM, EC-5, 10HS, ECH2 O-TEʢҎ‫ ޙ‬EC-TEʣɼECTM Ͱ͋Δɽ͢΂ͯͷ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔ͸੩ి༰ྔࣜͰ
͋Δɽ͜ΕΒͷηϯαʔͷ‫ܗ‬ঢ়͸ɼઌ୺͕ઑͬͨෳ਺ͷηϯαʔϩουΛ༗͢ΔϑΥʔΫ‫͋Ͱܕ‬Δɽ֤ηϯαʔͷੇ๏ͱಛ௃Λ Table 1 ʹࣔ͢ɽମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ θ ͸ɼ੩ి༰ྔ๏Ͱ‫ٻ‬Ί֤ͨηϯαʔͷ౔৕ͷൺ༠ి཰ ε ʹରԠ͢Δग़ྗ஋ʹରͯ͠ɼ5TE, 5TM Ͱ͸ Topp ࣜɼEC-5,

10HS, EC-TE, EC-TM Ͱ͸ Decagon ࣜʹΑΓࢉग़͍ͯ͠Δɽ·ͨɼόϧΫి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ EC ͸ 4 ి‫ۃ‬๏ʢEC-TEʣͱ 2 ి‫ۃ‬๏ʢ5TEʣɼԹ౓ T ͸͢΂ͯηϯαʔʹ಺ଂ͞ϯαʔͷ౔৕ͷൺ༠ి཰ʹରԠ͢Δग़ྗ஋Λମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ΕͨαʔϛελͰ‫ܭ‬ଌ͍ͯ͠Δɽ࣮‫͍ͨ༻ʹݧ‬σʔλʹม‫͢׵‬Δ౔৕ਫ෼ྔ‫ࣜࢉܭ‬͸ɼDecagon ͕࡞੒ͨࣜ͠

ϩΨʔ͸ Em50ʢDecagon Devices, Inc.ʣͰ͋ΔɽEm50

ͱ Topp ࣜʢTopp et al., 1980ʣ͕͋ΔɽҎ‫ޙ‬ɼECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷ౔৕ਫ෼ྔ‫ࣜࢉܭ‬ʢTopp ࣜ, DecagonࣜʣΛඪ४ࣜɼඪ४ࣜͰ‫ٻ‬Ίͨମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰Λ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͱশͷ੍‫͓ޚ‬Αͼσʔλͷճऩ͸ɼECH2 O UtilityʢVer.1.65,
Decagon Devices, Inc.ʣΛ࢖༻ͨ͠ɽ

2.1.2 ‫౔ࢼڙ‬৕͢ɽ͔͠͠ɼDecagon ࣜ͸ΞϝϦΧͷ࣭࠭౔৕Λ༻͍ͯ‫౔ࢼڙ‬৕͸๛Ӝ࠭ʢ๛Ӝᛠੴ߭‫ࣜגۀ‬ձࣾ, Ҏ‫ͱ࠭ޙ‬࡞ΒΕ͍ͯΔ͜ͱɼTopp ࣜ͸೔ຊͷࠇϘΫ౔ɼؔ౦ϩʔশ͢ʣɼզ͕ࠃͷయ‫ܕ‬తͳՐࢁփͱͯ͠ࠇϘΫ౔ʢ‫܈‬അϜ౔ͷਫ෼ྔΛաখධՁ͢Δ͜ͱʢ‫ٶ‬ຊ · ҆த, 1998; ‫ٶ‬‫௸ݝ‬࿀ଜ: ࠾औਂ౓ 10 ∼ 30 cmʣɼؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔ʢ౦‫ژ‬ຊ · ஜࢵ, 2000ʣ΍༗‫ػ‬෺ͷଟ͍౔৕ͷਫ෼ྔΛ௿͘‫ݟ‬౎੢౦‫ࢢژ‬੢౦‫ژ‬ϑΟʔϧυ: ࠾औਂ౓ 40 ∼ 60 cmʣΛੵ΋Δ͜ͱʢHerkelrath et al., 1991ʣ͕ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ

༻͍ͨɽ‫౔ࢼڙ‬৕ͷ෺ཧੑͱ౔ੑΛ Table 2 ʹࣔ͢ɽ‫ڙ‬ͦͷͨΊɼECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔΛ࢖༻͢Δ৔߹͸ɼࢼ౔৕ͷཻ౓෼෍͸ɼ෼ࢄࡎʹϔΩαϝλϦϯࢎφτϦ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͱ࣮ࡍͷ౔৕ਫ෼ྔͷࠩΛ֬ೝ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ

΢ϜΛ࢖༻͠ɼൺॏ‫ܭ‬๏ʢJISA1204ʣͰଌఆͨ͠ɽ‫ڧ‬೤‫ྔݮ‬͸ి‫ؾ‬Ϛοϑϧ࿍Λ༻͍ͯ 800◦ C Ͱ 6 ࣌ؒ‫ڧ‬೤͠

1 AINEX. Co., LTD. Minami Kamata 2-16-1, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 144-0035,

Japan. Corresponding authorɿࡾੴਖ਼ҰɼΞΠωΫε‫ࣜג‬ձࣾͨɽ࠭͸ৠཹਫͰચড়ͯ͠෩‫ͨ͠ס‬ɽࠇϘΫ౔͓Αͼؔ

2 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of౦ϩʔϜ౔͸ɼ෩‫ ʹޙס‬2 mm ᝲΛ௨աͤͯ͞২෺ࠜ౳

Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
2013 ೥ 7 ݄ 1 ೔डߘɹ 2014 ೥ 3 ݄ 27 ೔डཧͷ༗‫ػ‬෺Λআ‫͠ڈ‬ɼཻ‫ܘ‬Λ‫ۉ‬Ұʹͨ͠ɽ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)64

Table 1 ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷಛ௃ɽCharacteristic of ECH2 O soil moisture sensors.
Sensorੇ๏ʢશ௕ × ෯ × ް͞ʀcmʣ

ϩου਺

ଌఆ߲໨

౔৕ਫ෼ྔ‫ࣜࢉܭ‬10.0 × 3.2 × 0.7

3ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʢθ ʣɼԹ౓ʢ◦ Cʣ
όϧΫ EC ஋ʢdS m−1 ʣɼ

10.0 × 3.2 × 0.7

3ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʢθ ʣɼԹ౓ʢ◦ Cʣ

8.9 × 1.9 × 0.7
14.5 × 3.3 × 0.7

2ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʢθ ʣ

Topp ࣜ
Decagon ࣜ (Mineral)
Topp ࣜ
Decagon ࣜ (Mineral)
Decagon ࣜ (Mineral)
Decagon ࣜ (Mineral)

5TE
EC-TE
5TM
EC-TM
EC-5
10HS

Table 2 ‫౔ࢼڙ‬৕ͷ෺ੑ஋ɽ
Physical properties of sample soils.
࠾औ৔ॴSandʢ%ʣ

Siltʢ%ʣ

Clayʢ%ʣ౔ੑ‫ڧ‬೤‫ྔݮ‬ʢ%ʣ

࠭ʢ๛Ӝ࠭ʣ

ᴷࠇϘΫ౔‫܈‬അ‫௸ݝ‬࿀ଜؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔

౦‫౎ژ‬੢౦‫ࢢژ‬

99.4
57.5
48

0.6
27.5
34

0
15
18

Sand
Loam
Clay Loam

18.5
12.5

Soil

ᴷ

ྉ͸෩‫ס‬๏Ͱ࡞੒ͨ͠ɽ෩‫ס‬๏Ͱ͸ɼ౔৕Λόοτʹ޿͛ͯద࣭ٓྔΛ‫ܭ‬ଌ͠ͳ͕Βৠൃͤ͞ɼॴఆͷ‫ؚ‬ਫൺʹௐઅͨ͠ࢼྉΛ༰‫ॆʹث‬రͨ͠ɽҰํɼॳ‫ؚظ‬ਫൺΑΓߴ͍‫ؚ‬ਫൺࢼྉ͸ਁ५๏Ͱ࡞੒ͨ͠ɽ·ͣॳ‫ؚظ‬ਫൺͷ౔৕Λॆర͠ɼॴఆͷ‫ؚ‬ਫൺͱͳΔྔͷਫΛࢼྉද૚ʹ஫͍Ͱਁ५ͤͨ͞ɽਁ५‫ޙ‬ɼ3 ࣌ؒ੩ஔͨ͠‫ޙ‬ɼଌఆΛߦͬͨɽਁ५๏ͷར఺͸ɼ౔৕ͷਫ෼ௐઅͱॆర࡞‫͕ۀ‬লུͰ͖Δ͜ͱɼ౔৕Λ࠶ॆర͠ͳ͍ͷͰΧϥϜதͷ౔
Fig. 1 ࣮‫૷ݧ‬ஔਤɽ
Experimental apparatus.

৕ߏ଄͕มԽ͠ͳ͍͜ͱɼͦͷͨΊηϯαʔͱ౔৕ͷ઀৮໘ੵΛҡ࣋Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱ͕‫͛ڍ‬ΒΕΔɽ
·ͨɼ͢΂ͯͷ‫౔ࢼڙ‬৕ͷ๞࿨ࢼྉ θs ͸ɼ༰‫ث‬Λਂ‫ܕ‬

2.1.3 ΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯํ๏ΞΫϦϧ༰‫ ʹث‬ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͱਫ෼ྔ

όοτʹೖΕͯࢼྉߴ·ͰৠཹਫΛ஫͗ɼԼํ͔Βໟ؅๞࿨ͤͯ͞࡞੒ͨ͠ɽଌఆ͸ɼ༰‫ث‬ͷද໘ΛύϥϑΟϧ

Λௐઅͨ͠౔৕Λॆరͯ͠ɼਫ෼ྔͱಘΒΕΔ ε ͷؔϜͰີดͯ͠ৠൃΛ๷͗ɼ1 ෼ִؒͰ 20 ෼ؒ࿈ଓଌఆ͠

܎Λௐ΂ͨɽECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷେ͖͕͞छྨ

ͨฏ‫ۉ‬஋Λ୅ද஋ͱͨ͠ɽ

ͰҟͳΔͷͰɼͦΕͧΕͷηϯαʔͷଌఆൣғʢCobos,

2.2 ‫౔ࢼڙ‬৕ͷॆర‫ס‬૩ີ౓

2008aʀCobos, 2008bʣΛࢀߟʹͯ͠௚ํମͷΞΫϦϧ
༰‫ث‬Λ 3 छྨ࡞੒ͨ͠ɽ಺ੇͰ෯ × શ௕ × ߴ͞ͷͱ͖ɼ
EC-5 ʹ͸ 5 × 11 × 5 cmɼ5TE, 5TM, EC-TE, EC-TM ʹ
͸ 5 × 13 × 6 cmɼ10HS ʹ͸ 5 × 18 × 7 cm ͷ༰‫ث‬Λ
༻͍ͨʢFig. 1ʣɽఈ໘͔ΒࢼྉΛໟ؅๞࿨ͤ͞ΔͨΊɼ༰‫ث‬ͷఈ໘ʹ௚‫ ܘ‬1 mm ͷ݀ΛαΠζʹ߹Θͤͯ 8 ∼ 12‫ۉ΅΄ݸ‬౳ͳִؒͰ։͚ͨɽECH2 O ηϯαʔ͸༰‫ʹث‬‫ס‬૩ີ౓ͷӨ‫ڹ‬ΛධՁ͢ΔͨΊɼ‫౔ࢼڙ‬৕͸શਫ෼ྖԣํ޲ʹૠೖ͠ɼҎԼʹࣔ͢ํ๏Ͱਫ෼ྔΛௐ੔ͨ͠౔
৕ͷଌఆΛߦͬͨɽ
࠭ͷਫ෼ྔͷௐ੔ʹ͸ਫ෼ఴՃ๏Λ༻͍ͨɽॴఆͷ‫ؚ‬ਫൺͱͳΔΑ͏ʹϙϦାʹৠཹਫͱ࿍‫ס‬ʢ105◦ Cɼ24 ࣌ҬͰ༷ʑͳ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ॆరͯ͠ଌఆͨ͠ɽ࠭͸ 1.40 ∼ 1.64

Mg m−3 ɼࠇϘΫ౔͸ 0.50 ∼ 0.81 Mg m−3 ɼؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔͸ 0.42 ∼ 0.82 Mg m−3 Ͱ͋ΔɽࠇϘΫ౔ͱؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔͸‫ס‬૩͢Δͱऩॖ͢ΔͷͰɼ෩‫ס‬๏Ͱ࡞੒ͨ͠ࢼྉ
ͷॆర࣭ྔ͸ਫ෼ྔ͕௿͍΄Ͳ૿Ճͨ͠ɽͦͷ݁Ռɼ෩‫ס‬๏ͱਁ५๏ͷ‫ס‬૩ີ౓Λൺֱ͢Δͱ෩‫ס‬๏ͷਫ෼ྖҬͷ‫ס‬૩ີ౓͕ߴ͘ͳͬͨɽ
ࢼྉ౔ͷ‫ؚ‬ਫൺͱ‫ס‬૩ີ౓͔ΒɼҎԼͷؔ܎ΑΓମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ θ ʢ࣮ଌ஋ʣΛ‫ٻ‬ΊͨʢTopp and Ferré, 2002ʣɽθ =ω×ؒʣͨ࠭͠ΛೖΕͯࠞ߹ͯ͠ 3 ࣌ؒ੩ஔͨ͠ɽ͜ͷ࡞‫ۀ‬Λ‫܁‬Γฦ͠ɼ‫ؚ‬ਫൺ͕ҟͳΔࢼྉΛ਺఺࡞੒͠ɼͦΕͧΕΛ༰‫ۉʹث‬Ұʹॆరͨ͠ɽ
ࠇϘΫ౔ͱؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔͸ɼ࿍‫ס‬๏ʢ105◦ Cɼ24 ࣌ؒʣͰ‫ؚ‬ਫൺΛଌఆͨ͠‫ʹޙ‬ɼॳ‫ؚظ‬ਫൺΑΓ௿͍‫ؚ‬ਫൺࢼ

ρd
ρw

(1)

͜͜Ͱɼθɿମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʢm3 m−3 ʣɼωɿ‫ؚ‬ਫൺʢkg kg−1 ʣɼρd ɿ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ʢMg m−3 ʣɼρw ɿਫͷີ౓ʢMg m−3 ʣͰ͋Δɽ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτɿ੩ి༰ྔ‫ ܕ‬ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯ

65

2.3 ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷग़ྗ஋ͱ༠ి཰ͷؔ܎

Em50 ಺ͷσʔλΛ ECH2 O Utility Ͱμ΢ϯϩʔυ͢
Δͱɼ‫͞ࢉܭ‬Εͨ θ ͱ‫͍ͨ༻ʹࢉܭ‬ग़ྗ஋͕ಘΒΕΔɽ
͜ͷग़ྗ஋Λ ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷϚχϡΞϧ
ʹ‫͞ࡌه‬Ε͍ͯΔม‫Ͱࣜ׵‬ൺ༠ి཰ ε ʹม‫ͨ͠׵‬ʢ֤

ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷϚχϡΞϧΛࢀরʣɽ
2.4 ֤ηϯαʔͷ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͷਖ਼֬౓ͷධՁ‫ؚ‬ਫൺͱ‫ס‬૩ີ౓͔Β‫ٻ‬Ίͨ θ ʹର͢Δ֤ ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷඪ४͔ࣜΒ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͷਖ਼֬౓Λฏ‫ۉ‬ೋ৐‫ࠩޡ‬ʢRMSEʣͰධՁͨ͠ʢLu et al., 2004ʣɽ


RMSE =n∑ (θM − θECH2 O )

2

i=0

n

(2)

͜͜ͰɼθMɿ‫ؚ‬ਫൺͱ‫ס‬૩ີ౓͔Β‫ٻ‬Ίͨ θʢm3 m−3 ʣɼθECH2 Oɿ֤ηϯαʔͷ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ʢm3 m−3 ʣɼnɿσʔλ਺Ͱ͋Δɽ3. ݁Ռͱߟ࡯
3.1 ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ͷӨ‫ڹ‬ຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼࢼྉͷਫ෼ௐ੔ํ๏ʹΑΓ‫ס‬૩ີ౓͸ҟͳͬͨɽͦ͜Ͱɼ·ͣ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ͷ ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔʹΑΔൺ༠ి཰ଌఆ΁ͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λௐ΂ͨɽҰྫͱͯ͠

Fig. 2 ʹ 5TE ʹΑΔ ε ͱ θ ͷ࣮ଌ஋ͷؔ܎Λ‫ס‬૩ີ౓͝ͱͰϓϩοτͨ݁͠ՌΛࣔ͢ɽ࠭ͷ‫ס‬૩ີ౓͸શਫ෼ྖҬͰҟͳΔ͕ɼθ ʹର͢Δ ε ͷ͹Β͖ͭ͸খ͔ͬͨ͞ɽ

ࠇϘΫ౔ͱؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔͸ɼθ > 0.7 m3 m−3 ͷߴਫ෼ྖҬͰ΍΍͹Β͖͕ͭ‫ݟ‬ΒΕ͕ͨɼಉ͡ θ ʹର͢Δ ε ͷ͹Β͖ͭ͸খ͔ͬͨ͞ɽ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ͷӨ‫ڹ‬͸ɼଞͷηϯαʔͰ΋ 5TE ͷ݁Ռͱ΄΅ಉͩͬͨ͡ɽECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔʹΑΔ ε ଌఆ͸ɼ௨ৗͷ TDR ηϯαʔͱಉ༷ʹओʹਫ෼ྔͷ૿‫ʹݮ‬ਫ਼౓ྑ͘൓Ԡ͠ɼ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ͷӨ‫ڹ‬͸খ͍͞ɽ͜Ε͸ɼຊ‫͍ͨ༻Ͱڀݚ‬ਫ෼ྔͷௐ੔๏ͷଥ౰ੑΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δɽ͜ΕΒͷ݁ՌΛ౿·͑ͯɼҎ‫ޙ‬ͷଌఆ݁ՌͰ͸ɼ‫ס‬૩ີ౓͕ҟͳͬͯ΋ɼͦΕͧΕͷηϯαʔͷҰ࿈ͷଌఆͱͯ݁͠ՌΛࣔ͢ɽ

3.2 ࣮ଌ஋ͱඪ४͔ࣜΒ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͷൺֱ
ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷ ε ͱ θ ͷ࣮ଌ஋ͷؔ܎Λ
Fig. 3ɼFig. 4 ʹࣔ͢ɽͳ͓ɼ‫ޙ‬ड़͢ΔΑ͏ʹ ε ͷଌఆ஋͸‫ʹີݫ‬͸ηϯαʔຖʹҟͳΔͨΊɼ๞࿨ࢼྉʹରԠ͢Δ ε ͷ࠷େ஋΋ηϯαʔʹΑΓҟͳͬͨɽͦ͜Ͱɼάϥϑͷ࣠ͷ ε ͷ࠷େ஋͸ɼ࠭Ͱ͸ 30ɼࠇϘΫ౔Ͱ͸ 40ɼؔ౦ϩʔϜͰ͸ 60 ʹ౷Ұͨ͠ɽෆ๞࿨ࢼྉ͸ࠇ‫ؙ‬ɼ๞࿨ࢼྉ͸ന‫͋Ͱؙ‬Δɽ֤ηϯαʔͷඪ४͔ࣜΒ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ‫ܭ‬
Fig. 2 5TE ηϯαʔͷ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ผͷൺ༠ి཰ͱମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷؔ܎ɽ

Relationship between the dielectric constant of 5TE and the volumetric water content of soil samples. Numbers in the ﬁgure mean
the dry bulk density (Mg m−3 ) of the soil sample.

ࢉ஋ΛਤதʹഁઢͰࣔ͢ɽ࠭͸ɼ5TE, 5TM ͷ‫ࢉܭ‬஋͸

θ < 0.15 m3 m−3 Ͱ͸࣮ଌ஋ͱ΄΅Ұக͕ͨ͠ɼθ > 0.15
m3 m−3 Ͱ͸‫ࢉܭ‬஋͸࣮ଌ஋ΑΓখ͔ͬͨ͞ɽ10HS ͷ‫ࢉܭ‬஋͸ɼશਫ෼ྔྖҬͰ࣮ଌ஋ͱྑ͘Ұகͨ͠ɽEC-5,
EC-TE, EC-TM ͷ‫ࢉܭ‬஋͸ɼθ < 0.40 m3 m−3 Ͱ͸࣮ଌ

66

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)

Fig. 3 ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔʢ5TEɼ5TMɼEC-5ʣͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯ݁Ռɽਤதͷന‫ؙ‬ϚʔΧʔ͸๞࿨ࢼྉͷ࣮ଌ஋Λࣔ͢ɽࠇϘΫ౔ͱϩʔϜ౔ͷਤதͷ໼ҹ͸ɼ্ԼͰ౔৕ͷਫ෼ௐઅํ๏ʢ্ɿਁ५๏ʢInﬁltration MethodʣɼԼɿ෩‫ס‬๏ʢAir dry
Methodʣʣ͕ҟͳΔ͜ͱΛࣔ͢ɽ
Dielectric constant of 5TE, 5TM and EC-5 as a function of volumetric water content for all investigated soils. The open circle in theﬁgure shows the measurement value of the saturated water content sample. The arrow in the ﬁgure of Loam and Andisol indicates thatthe moisture content adjustment method was different (Upper: Inﬁltration Method, Under: Air dry Method).

஋ͱ΄΅Ұக͕ͨ͠ɼθ s ≈ 0.40 m3 m−3 Ͱ͸ɼ‫ࢉܭ‬஋͕࣮ଌ஋ΑΓେ͖͔ͬͨɽ
ࠇϘΫ౔ͱؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔͸ɼશ ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷ‫ࢉܭ‬஋͸ɼθ < 0.10 m3 m−3 Ͱ͸࣮ଌ஋ͱ‫ࢉܭ‬஋m−3 ʢTable 7ʣɼؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔͸ 0.153 ∼ 0.217 m3 m−3
ʢTable 8ʣͱͳΓɼ࠭ͷਖ਼֬౓͸ߴ͍͕ɼࠇϘΫ౔ͱؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔ͷਖ਼֬౓͸௿͔ͬͨɽ
ඪ४ࣜʹ Topp ࣜΛ࠾༻͍ͯ͠Δ 5TE ͱ 5TM ͷ‫ࢉܭ‬ͷࠩ͸খ͍͕͞ɼθ > 0.10 m3 m−3 Ͱ͸‫ࢉܭ‬஋͸࣮ଌ஋஋͕Րࢁփ౔৕ͷ θ Λ௿͘‫ੵݟ‬΋ͬͨͷ͸ɼஂཻ಺ؒܺ

ΑΓখ͘͞ɼਫ෼ྔ͕૿͑Δͱͦͷࠩ͸޿͕ͬͨɽඪ४

ʹอਫ͞Εͨਫͷൺ༠ి཰͕ࣗ༝ਫΑΓ௿͍ͷ͕‫ݪ‬Ҽͱࣜ͸ɼࠇϘΫ౔ͱؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔ͷ 0.20 m3 m−3 < θ < θ sߟ͑ΒΕΔʢMiyamoto et al., 2003ʣ
ɽ·ͨɼEC-5, 10HS,
EC-TM ͸࠭ͷ θ = 0 ͷͱ͖ɼEC-5,10HS ͸ࠇϘΫ౔ͷ
θ < 0.10 m3 m−3 ɼEC-TM ͸ؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔ͷ θ < 0.10
m3 m−3 ͷ‫ࢉܭ‬஋͸ෛͷ஋Λࣔͨ͠ɽ͜ΕΒͷηϯαʔ͕༻͍͍ͯΔ Decagon ࣜ͸‫఺ݪ‬Λ௨Βͳ͍͜ͱɼ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͷਫ෼ྔΛաখධՁʢ5TE ͱ 5TM ͸࣮ଌ஋ͷ໿ 0.60 ഒɼ

EC-5 ͸໿ 0.65 ഒɼ10HS ͸໿ 0.55 ഒɼEC-TE ͱ EC-TM͸໿ 0.75 ഒʣͨ͠ɽඪ४ࣜͷ RMSE ͸ɼ࠭͸ 0.037 ∼0.056 m3 m−3 ʢTable 6ʣɼࠇϘΫ౔͸ 0.141 ∼ 0.212 m3‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτɿ੩ి༰ྔ‫ ܕ‬ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯ

67

Fig. 4 ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔʢ10HSɼEC-TEɼEC-TMʣͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯ݁Ռɽਤதͷന‫ؙ‬ϚʔΧʔ͸๞࿨ࢼྉͷ࣮ଌ஋Λࣔ͢ɽࠇϘΫ౔ͱϩʔϜ౔ͷਤதͷ໼ҹ͸ɼ্ԼͰ౔৕ͷਫ෼ௐઅํ๏ʢ্ɿਁ५๏ʢInﬁltration MethodʣɼԼɿ෩‫ס‬๏ʢAir
dry Methodʣʣ͕ҟͳΔ͜ͱΛࣔ͢ɽ
Dielectric constant of 10HS, EC-TE and EC-TM as a function of volumetric water content for all investigated soils. The open circle inthe ﬁgure shows the measurement value of the saturated water content sample. The arrow in the ﬁgure of Loam and Andisol indicatesthat the moisture content adjustment method was different (Upper: Inﬁltration Method, Under: Air dry Method).

͸ θ ΛաখධՁ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ɼ௿ਫ෼ྔྖҬͷෛͷ θ ͷ‫ݪ‬ҼͰ͋Δɽ

3.3 ࣮ଌ஋ͱճ‫͔ࣜؼ‬Β‫ٻ‬Ίͨ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͷൺֱͦΕͧΕͷηϯαʔͷ ε ͱ θ ͷؔ܎͔Β࠷খೋ৐๏Λm−3 ͔Β 0.022 ∼ 0.056 m3 m−3 ʢTable 7ʣɼؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔͸ 0.153 ∼ 0.217 m3 m−3 ͔Β 0.033 ∼ 0.058 m3 m−3
ʢTable 8ʣͱͳΓɼਖ਼֬౓͸ඪ४ࣜΑΓߴ͘ͳͬͨɽ
3.4 ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔؒͷൺ༠ి཰ͷൺֱ

༻͍ͯɼTopp ࣜͱಉ༷ʹ 3 ࣍ճ‫ࣜؼ‬Λ‫ٻ‬ΊͨɽಘΒΕ

Fig. 5 ͸ɼͦΕͧΕͷ ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷ 3ͨճ‫ࣜؼ‬Λ࣮ઢͰ Fig. 3ɼFig. 4 ʹࣔ͠ɼͦͷ܎਺ͱܾ࣍ճ‫ۂؼ‬ઢͷൺֱͰ͋ΔɽԾʹ֤ηϯαʔͷ ε ͷଌఆ͕ఆ܎਺ R2 Λ Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 ʹࣔ͢ɽͳ͓ɼਤ

ਖ਼͘͠ɼಉ͡஋Λࣔͤ͹ɼͦΕͧΕͷճ‫ۂؼ‬ઢ͸౳͘͠தͷճ‫ࣜؼ‬ͷදࣔൣғ͸๞࿨ θs ·Ͱͱͨ͠ɽ͢΂ͯͷͳΔɽ࠭ͷ৔߹ɼEC-TEɼEC-TM ͷճ‫ۂؼ‬ઢ͸ɼ΄΅શճ‫ࣜؼ‬ͷܾఆ܎਺͸ 0.95 Ҏ্ͱͳΓɼճ‫ࣜؼ‬ͷ࣮ଌ஋ਫ෼ྖҬͰଞͷηϯαʔͱҟͳͬͨɽ·ͨɼͦͷଞͷηʹର͢Δద߹͸ྑ͍ɽճ‫ͱࣜؼ‬ඪ४ࣜͷ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͷ RMSEϯαʔͷճ‫ۂؼ‬ઢ΋ɼθ > 0.2 m3 m−3 Ͱ͸ ճ‫ۂؼ‬ઢͷΛൺֱ͢Δͱɼ࠭͸ 0.037 ∼ 0.056 m3 m−3 ͔Β 0.019 ∼0.030 m3 m−3 ʢTable 6ʣɼࠇϘΫ౔͸ 0.141 ∼ 0.212 m3

͹Β͖͕ͭେ͖͘ͳͬͨɽಉ༷ʹɼࠇϘΫ౔͸ θ < 0.3
m3 m−3 ͱ θ > 0.5 m3 m−3 ɼؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔͸ θ < 0.3౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)

68
Table 3 ࠭ͷճ‫ࣜؼ‬ͷ܎਺ɽRegression coefﬁcient of Sand.

θ = a × ε3 ʴ b × ε2 ʴ c × ε ʴ dSensor
5TE
5TM
EC-5
10HS
EC-TE
EC-TM

a
1.145 × 10−58.231 × 10−6
1.173 × 10−5
1.071 × 10−5
1.257 × 10−5
9.958 × 10−6b−1.366 × 10−3
−1.060 × 10−3
−1.378 × 10−3
−1.250 × 10−3
−1.460 × 10−3
−1.154 × 10−3c4.930 × 10−2
4.576 × 10−2
4.824 × 10−2
4.456 × 10−2
4.921 × 10−2
4.092 × 10−2d−1.390 × 10−1
−1.401 × 10−1
−1.339 × 10−1
−1.234 × 10−1
−1.133 × 10−1
−5.811 × 10−2

R2
0.993
0.991
0.995
0.985
0.982
0.982

Table 4 ࠇϘΫ౔ͷճ‫ࣜؼ‬ͷ܎਺ɽRegression coefﬁcient of Andisol.

θ = a × ε3 ʴ b × ε2 ʴ c × ε ʴ dSensor
5TE
5TM
EC-5
10HS
EC-TE
EC-TM

a
5.036 × 10−6
5.271 × 10−6
6.245 × 10−6
5.768 × 10−6
7.262 × 10−6
2.574 × 10−6b−7.770 × 10−4
−9.503 × 10−4
−9.115 × 10−4
−8.428 × 10−4
−1.028 × 10−3
−4.756 × 10−4c4.230 × 10−2
5.304 × 10−2
4.558 × 10−2
4.233 × 10−24.800 × 10−2
4.756 × 10−2d−1.025 × 10−2
−1.080 × 10−1
−3.863 × 10−2
2.917 × 10−2
−1.568 × 10−2
6.892 × 10−2

R2
0.957
0.992
0.961
0.946
0.972
0.967

Table 5 ؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔ͷճ‫ࣜؼ‬ͷ܎਺ɽRegression coefﬁcient of Kanto Loam.

θ = a × ε3 ʴ b × ε2 ʴ c × ε ʴ dSensor
5TE
5TM
EC-5
10HS
EC-TE
EC-TM

a
7.448 × 10−6
1.046 × 10−5
6.133 × 10−6
7.890 × 10−6
4.723 × 10−6
3.475 × 10−6b−1.093 × 10−3
−1.475 × 10−3
−9.027 × 10−4
−1.140 × 10−3
−7.036 × 10−4
−5.610 × 10−4

m3 m−3 ͱ θ > 0.5 m3 m−3 ʹ͓͍ͯճ‫ۂؼ‬ઢͷ͹Β͖͕ͭ޿͕ͬͨɽ௿ਫ෼ྔҬͰηϯαʔؒͷ ε ͷ͹Β͖ͭc5.266 × 10−2
6.498 × 10−2
4.552 × 10−2
5.328 × 10−2
3.772 × 10−2
3.427 × 10−2d−6.160 × 10−2
−1.597 × 10−1
−1.969 × 10−2
−4.078 × 10−2
−4.823 × 10−3
7.398 × 10−2

R2
0.964
0.982
0.969
0.946
0.959
0.951

֬౓Λ‫ͨ͠ূݕ‬ɽ ֤ηϯαʔͱ΋ɼൺ༠ి཰ ε ଌఆʹର
͢Δ౔৕ͷ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ͷӨ‫ڹ‬͸খ͍͜͞ͱ͸֬ೝ͞Εͨɽ͕޿͕ͬͨͷ͸ɼ௿ਫ෼ྖҬͷσʔλ਺͕গͳ͘ɼճ‫ؼ‬ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ θ ͷ࣮ଌ஋ʹର͢Δ֤ ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯ‫ۂ‬ઢͷਫ਼౓͕௿͍ͨΊͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽߴਫ෼ྖҬͰηϯαʔͷඪ४͔ࣜΒ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͷਖ਼֬౓͸ɼ࠭͸ߴ͔ͬαʔؒͷ ε ͷ͹Β͖͕ͭେ͖͍ͷ͸ɼଌఆ࣌ͷΞΫϦϧ

͕ͨɼࠇϘΫ౔ͱؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔͸௿͔ͬͨɽಛʹࠇϘΫ༰‫Ͱ಺ث‬Լํʹਫ෼͕ཷ·Γ΍͘͢ɼ༰‫ث‬શମͷฏ‫ۉ‬ਫ౔ͱؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔ͷඪ४͔ࣜΒ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ‫ࢉܭ‬஋͸ɼθ Λେ෼ྔͱηϯαʔ͕ଌఆ͢Δൣғͷਫ෼ྔ͕Ұக͠ͳ͘ͳ

͖͘աখධՁͨ͠ɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬ಘΒΕͨ θ ͱ ε ͷؔ܎Λ 3

ΔͨΊͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽҎ্ΑΓɼECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯ࣍ࣜͰճ‫͜ͱͨ͠ؼ‬ΖɼͦΕͧΕܾఆ܎਺͕ 0.95 Ҏ্ͱαʔͰಘΒΕΔ ε ͸ɼ‫ʹີݫ‬͸ηϯαʔؒͰҟͳΔ͜ͱͳΓɼθ ͷଌఆਫ਼౓͕޲্ͨ͠ɽ

͕Θ͔ΔɽͦͷͨΊɼ౔৕͓Αͼηϯαʔ͝ͱͷ‫ݻ‬༗ͷ͔͠͠ɼECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͰಘΒΕΔ ε ͸ɼ‫ݫ‬ΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯΛߦ͏͜ͱʹΑΓɼਫ਼౓ͷߴ͍ଌఆີʹ͸ηϯαʔؒͰҟͳΔɽͦͷͨΊɼECH2 O ౔৕ਫ͕ՄೳʹͳΔɽ෼ηϯαʔΛ༻͍ͯɼಛʹࠇϘΫ౔΍ؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔ͳͲ

4. ͓ΘΓʹ
࠭ɼࠇϘΫ౔ɼؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔Λ༻͍ͯ Decagon ࣾͷ

6 छྨͷ ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔʢ5TE, 5TM, EC-5,
10HS, EC-TE, EC-TMʣͷඪ४͔ࣜΒ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͷਖ਼զ͕ࠃ‫ݻ‬༗ͷՐࢁփ౔৕ͷਫ෼ྔΛଌఆ͢Δ৔߹ɼͦΕͧΕͷ౔৕ʹରͯ͠ɼ֤ηϯαʔ͝ͱͷ ε ͱ θ ͷؔ܎Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ͜ͱʹΑΓɼΑΓਫ਼౓ͷߴ͍ଌఆ͕ՄೳͱͳΔ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ʹͳͬͨɽɹ

‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτɿ੩ి༰ྔ‫ ܕ‬ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯ

69

Table 6 ࠭ͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ (θ ) ʹର͢Δඪ४ࣜͱճ‫ࣜؼ‬ͷ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͷਖ਼֬౓ (RMSE)ɽ
Accuracy (RMSE) of the calculated value of the Standard
and Regression equation in comparison with volumetricwater content of Sand.
RMSE (m3 m−3 )Sensor
5TE
5TM
EC-5
10HS
EC-TE
EC-TM

Standard Eq.
0.043
0.053
0.049
0.037
0.046
0.056

Regression Eq.
0.019
0.024
0.015
0.024
0.029
0.030

Table 7 ࠇϘΫ౔ͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ (θ ) ʹର͢Δඪ४ࣜͱճ‫ࣜؼ‬ͷ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͷਖ਼֬౓ (RMSE)ɽ
Accuracy (RMSE) of the calculated value of the Standard
and Regression equation in comparison with volumetricwater content of Andisol.
RMSE (m3 m−3 )Sensor
5TE
5TM
EC-5
10HS
EC-TE
EC-TM

Standard Eq.
0.186
0.212
0.170
0.141
0.159
0.165

Regression Eq.
0.045
0.022
0.033
0.056
0.038
0.041

Table 8 ؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔ͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ (θ ) ʹର͢Δඪ४ࣜͱճ‫ࣜؼ‬ͷ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͷਖ਼֬౓ (RMSE)ɽ
Accuracy (RMSE) of the calculated value of the Standard
and Regression equation in comparison with volumetricwater content of Kanto Loam.
RMSE (m3 m−3 )Sensor
5TE
5TM
EC-5
10HS
EC-TE
EC-TM

Fig. 5 ౔৕ผ ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔʢ5TE, 5TM, EC-5,
10HS, EC-TE, EC-TMʣͷճ‫ۂؼ‬ઢɽRegression curve of ECH2 O soil moisture sensors (5TE, 5TM,
EC-5, 10HSɼEC-TE, EC-TM) by soil sample.

ɹɹStandard Eq.
0.211
0.214
0.187
0.217
0.153
0.175

Regression Eq.
0.058
0.033
0.045
0.056
0.052
0.057

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)70Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬

Herkelrath, W.N., Hamburg, S.P. and Murphy, F. (1991): Automatic, real-time monitoring of soil moisture in a remote ﬁeld

Cobos, D. (2008a): EC-5 Volume of Sensitivity. http://www.
decagon.com/education/ec-5-volume-of-sensitivity-13931-00-an/ (accessed: 20/08/2013).

area with time domain reﬂectometry. Water Resour. Res., 27:
857–864.
Topp, G.C., David, J.L. and Annan, A.P. (1980): Electromagnetic

Cobos, D. (2008b): 10HS Volume of Sensitivity. http://www.
decagon.com/education/10hs-volume-of-sensitivity-13931-01-an/ (accessed: 20/08/2013).

determination of soil water content: Measurement in coaxial
transmission lines. Water Resour. Res., 16(3), 574-582.
Topp, G.C. and Ferré, P.A. (TY) (2002): 3.1 Water content: Gen-

Decagon Devices, Inc. (2012): 5TE Water content, EC anderal information. Method of Soil Analysis. Part 4. Physical

Temperature Sensors Operator’s Manual Version 8. http://

Methods. p.417. Soil Science Society of America, Madison,decagon.com/education/5te-manual/ (accessed: 20/08/2013).
Decagon Devices, Inc. (2010): 5TM Water content and Temperature Sensors Operator’s Manual Version 0. http://decagon.
com/education/5tm-manual/ (accessed: 20/08/2013).

WI.
‫ٶ‬ຊًਔ, ҆த෢޾ (1998) : ؔ౦ϩʔϜͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰–ൺ༠ి཰ͷಛ௃. ೶‫౔ۀ‬໦ֶձ࿦จू, 194: 361–362.
‫ٶ‬ຊًਔ, ஜࢵೋ࿠ (2000) : ౔৕ͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰–ൺ༠ి཰ؔ܎

Decagon Devices, Inc. (2012): EC-5 Soil Moisture Sensor Operator’s Manual Version 2. http://decagon.com/education/ec-5manual/ (accessed: 20/08/2013).

΁ͷࠞ߹༠ిಛੑϞσϧͷద༻. ೶‫౔ۀ‬໦ֶձ࿦จू, 206:

193–198.
Miyamoto, T., Annnaka, T. and Chikushi, J. (2003): Soil aggre-

Decagon Devices, Inc. (2010): 10HS Soil Moisture Sensor Oper-

gate structure effects on dielectric permittivity of an Andisol

ator’s Manual Version 3. http://decagon.com/education/10hs-

measured by time domain reﬂectmetry. Vadose Zone J., 2: 90–

manual/ (accessed: 20/08/2013).

97.

Decagon Devices, Inc. (2008): ECH2 O-TE/EC-TM Water con-Lu, D., Shao, M., Horton, R. and Liu, C. (2004): Effect of chang-tent, EC and Temperature Sensors Operator’s Manual Version

ing bulk density during water desorption measurement on soil

7. http://www.decagon.com/education/ECH2 O-te-and-ec-tm-

hydraulic properties. Soil Sci., 169: 319–329.

manual/ (accessed: 20/08/2013).

ཁࢫ๛Ӝ࠭ɼࠇϘΫ౔ɼؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔Λ༻͍ͯ Decagon Devices, Inc. ͷ 6 छྨͷ ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔ
ʢ5TEɼ5TMɼEC-5ɼ10HSɼECH2 O-TEɼEC-TMʣͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ θ ͷଌఆਫ਼౓ΛධՁͨ͠ɽͦͷ݁Ռɼ
શ ECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷ θ ͸๛Ӝ࠭ͷ࣮ଌ஋ͱΑ͘Ұக͕ͨ͠ɼࠇϘΫ౔ͱؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔ͷ θ ͸աখධՁ͠ɼਫ෼ྔ͕૿Ճ͢Δʹै͍ͦͷ‫ࠩޡ‬͸֦େͨ͠ɽͦ͜Ͱɼθ ͷ࣮ଌ஋ͱ֤ηϯαʔͷൺ༠ి཰ ε ʹରͯ͠ 3 ࣍ͷճ‫ࣜؼ‬Λ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽճ‫ࣜؼ‬ͷଌఆ‫ࠩޡ‬͸ɼ๛Ӝ࠭͸ 0.04 ∼ 0.06 m3 m−3 ͔Β 0.02 ∼0.03 m3 m−3 ɼࠇϘΫ౔͸ 0.14 ∼ 0.21 m3 m−3 ͔Β 0.03 ∼ 0.06 m3 m−3 ɼؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔͸ 0.15 ∼ 0.22
m3 m−3 ͔Β 0.03 ∼ 0.06 m3 m−3 ʹ௿Լͨ͠ɽECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔΛ༻͍ͯՐࢁփ౔ͷࠇϘΫ౔ɼؔ౦ϩʔϜ౔ͷ θ Λଌఆ͢Δ৔߹ɼͦΕͧΕͷ౔৕ͷ θ ʹର͢Δ֤ηϯαʔͷ ε ͷؔ܎ΛಘΔ͜ͱʹΑΓɼθ ͷଌఆਫ਼౓͕޲্͢Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ʹͳͬͨɽΩʔϫʔυɿECH2 O ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔʢ5TE, 5TM, EC-5, 10HS, ECH2 O-TE, EC-TMʣɼ๛Ӝ࠭ɼࠇϘΫ౔ɼϩʔϜ౔ɼΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯゎࠉㄝ

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

LecturesNo. 126, p.71 ∼ 76 (2014)ਫా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ෺࣭༌ૹ͕୷ਫ໘ۙ๣ͷେ‫͢΅ٴ΁ڥ؀ؾ‬Ө‫ڹ‬ӓҪ༃ߒ 1

Impacts of mass transport through ponded water in a paddy ﬁeld
on the atmosphere near the water surface
Yasuhiro USUI1

1. ͸͡Ίʹ

෺࣭༌ૹ͕୷ਫ໘ۙ๣ͷେ‫͢΅ٴʹڥ؀ؾ‬Ө‫͍ͭʹڹ‬೶ߞ஍ͷ෺ཧ‫ڥ؀‬ʢྫ͑͹ɼਫ · ೤ · Ψε · ༹࣭ͷಈਫా‫͚͓ʹڥ؀‬Δ෺࣭༌ૹ‫ݱ‬৅ͷղ໌ʹ͍ͭͯɼࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷత‫ڥ؀‬΍ޫ‫Ͳͳڥ؀‬ʣ͸ɼ࡞෺ͷੜҭ · ऩྔ͸΋ͱΑΓɼ೶‫ۀ‬ੜଶ‫ܥ‬Λߏ੒͢Δ͋ΒΏΔੜ෺ͷӦΈʹ௚઀Ө‫ڹ‬Λ‫͔ͱ͜͢΅ٴ‬Β‫ۃ‬ΊͯॏཁͰ͋Δɽ೶ߞ஍ͷ͏ͪɼਫా
͸ΞδΞϞϯεʔϯ஍ଳΛ୅ද͢Δ౔஍ར༻ͷओཁͳ‫ܗ‬ଶͷҰͭͰ͋ΔɽΠωͷ࠿ഓ໘ੵ͸ࠄ෺શମͷ࠿ഓ໘ੵ

6.97 ԯ ha ͷ͏ͪ 1.64 ԯ ha ʹୡ͠ɼͦͷ͏ͪ໿ 88 %ͯɼ͜Ε·Ͱͷ‫ྫࣄڀݚ‬Λ΋ͱʹղઆ͢Δɽͦͷ্Ͱɼల๬Λߟ࡯͢Δɽ

2. ਫాͷ౔৕ – ୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚ΔԹ౓෼෍
2.1 ‫ۉ‬ҰͳԹ౓෼෍ͱରྲྀͷൃ‫ݟ‬ਫా୷ਫ૚Ͱ͸ɼਫԹ෼෍͕‫ۉ‬ҰͰ͋ΔɽͦͷཁҼ͸ɼΛΞδΞॾࠃ͕઎Ί͍ͯΔɽ೔ຊʹ͓͚Δਫా໘ੵ͸໿෩ʹΑΔ‫੍ڧ‬ରྲྀʹΑΔ΋ͷͰɼࣗવରྲྀʹΑΔ΋ͷͰ

157 ສ ha Ͱ͋ΓʢFAO, 2011ʣɼશߞ࡞໘ੵʹ઎ΊΔׂ߹͸ͳ͍ͱߟ͑ΒΕ͍ͯͨʢ໼ਧ, 1957ʣɽ͔͠͠ɼৄࡉͳ

͕େ͖͍͜ͱ͔Βɼਫాʹ͓͚Δॾ‫ݱ‬৅͕पล‫ٴʹڥ؀‬Թ౓ଌఆΛߦͬͨͱ͜Ζɼଠཅ์ࣹͷ΋ͱͰ͸ɼ౔৕ද໘΅͢Ө‫ڹ‬΋େ͖͍ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔʢӓҪ, 2013ʣɽ

ʹ์ࣹΤωϧΪʔ͕‫ٵ‬ऩ͞Εɼ౔৕ද໘Թ౓্͕ঢ͢Δɽਫా͸͍Θ͹ਓ޻ͷ࣪‫͋Ͱݪ‬Γɼਫాͷ୷ਫ૚ΛΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͱͯ͠ੜ͡Δ෺࣭॥‫؀‬΍೤ަ‫׵‬ͷಛ௃Λ೺Ѳ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁͰ͋Δɽ͞Βʹਫాͷࢪං؅ཧ΁ͷԠ༻΍ଟ໘త‫ػ‬ೳͷཧղ૿ਐͷͨΊʹ΋ɼ୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ
෺࣭ · ೤༌ૹͷ‫ૅج‬σʔλͷ‫ظ͕༻׆‬଴͞ΕΔʢӓҪ ·പᔹ, 2013ʣɽ
Ұํɼਫాʹؔ͢Δ෺ཧతଆ໘͔Βͷ‫ڀݚ‬͸ɼੜ࢈ʹਂؔ͘ΘΔߗ൫૚ͷಁਫੑͳͲ౔ͦͷ΋ͷͷ‫ػ‬ೳʹؔ͢Δ΋ͷʹ஫ྗ͞ΕʢӓҪ, 2013ʣɼ౔৕ – ୷ਫ – େ‫ʹܥؾ‬ͦ͜Ͱ্ঢͨ͠౔৕ද໘ͱ୷ਫʹ͸Թ౓͕ࠩੜ͡ɼ͜ͷԹ౓͕ࠩରྲྀͷ‫ۦ‬ಈྗͱͳΓɼۭؒతʹҰ༷ͳਫԹ෼෍
Λ‫ܗ‬੒͢Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ʹͳͬͨʢRose and Chapman,

1968; Mowjood et al., 1997ʣɽ
ਫా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ‫ۉ‬ҰͳਫԹ෼෍͕ɼରྲྀʹΑΔ΋ͷͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ʹͳͬͨ࣍ͷ՝୊͸ରྲྀ଎౓Λଌ
ఆ͢Δ͜ͱͰ͋ͬͨɽͦ͜Ͱ Fujimaki et al.ʢ2000ʣ͸ɼରྲྀ଎౓Λଌఆ͢Δηϯαʔͷ։ൃʹऔΓ૊Μͩɽ‫ج‬ຊతͳߏ଄͸ɼϗΠʔτετϯϒϦοξΛԠ༻ͨ͠

͓͚Δ෺ཧ‫ݱ‬৅ͷಈతͳཧղ͸े෼ʹਐΜͰ͍ͳ͔ͬͨ

ηϯαʔͰ͋ΔʢFig. 1ʣɽηϯαʔΛߏ੒͢Δ 2 ରͷۚʢപᔹ, 2002ʣɽଐઢ͸ɼ௚ྲྀి‫͔ݯ‬Β೤‫ݯ‬Λ‫͠څڙ‬ώʔλʔͱͯ͠࢖༻

ͦͷཧ༝ͷҰͭͱͯ͠ɼ෺ཧ‫ؔ͢ʹڥ؀‬Δଟ͘ͷ߲໨Λಉ͔࣌ͭ‫࣌ܦ‬తʹ‫ܭ‬ଌ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ࠔ೉Ͱ͋ͬͨ͜ͱ͕

͢ΔίϯελϯλϯʢCoʣઢͱԹ౓ଌఆ༻ͱͯ͠χοέϧʢNiʣઢΛ૊Έ߹Θͤͨ Co + Ni ઢͱൺֱԹ౓ଌఆ

‫͛ڍ‬ΒΕΔɽ͔͠͠ɼۙ೥ͷ‫ܭ‬ଌٕज़ͷΊ͟·͍͠ൃలʹΑΓɼਫాʹ͓͚Δ౔৕ – ୷ਫ૚ – ২෺ – େ‫ܥؾ‬ͷ෺ཧ‫ݱ‬৅ΛΑΓৄࡉʹཧղ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Մೳʹͳ͖ͬͯͨʢӓҪ, 2013ʣɽචऀΒ͸ɼਫా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ෺࣭༌ૹͷଌఆٕज़ͷ։ൃΛத৺ʹऔΓ૊ΜͰ͖ͨɽຊߘͰ͸ɼͦ͏ͨ͠ଌఆ
ٕज़ͱଌఆྫΛ঺հ͢Δɽͦͯ͠ɼਫా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ
1 National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan. Corresponding authorɿӓҪɹ༃ߒɼಠཱߦ੓๏ਓɹ೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫ॴڀݚ‬2013 ೥ 11 ݄ 18 ೔डߘɹ 2014 ೥ 2 ݄ 4 ೔डཧ

Fig. 1 ରྲྀ଎౓ଌఆ૷ஔͷ໛ࣜਤ.ʢHanayama et al., 2009,
Fig. 2ʣ72

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)ΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯΛߦͬͨηϯαʔΛਫాะ৔Ͱࢼ
ͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɼ২ੜͷͳ͍ਫాͷରྲྀ଎౓͸ɼ0.1∼1.4 mm

s−1 ఔ౓Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔ͬͨʢFujimaki et al., 2000ʣɽԾʹਫਂ 5 cm ʹରͯ͠ 1.0 mm s−1 ͷରྲྀ଎౓͕͋Δͱ
͢Δͱɼରྲྀ࣌ؒ͸ 50 s Ͱ͋ΔɽҰํɼ֦ࢄʹΑΔҠಈ͸ஶ͘͠஗͍ɽ෼ࢠ֦ࢄ܎਺Λ 10−5 cm2 s−1 ͱͨ͠ͱ͖ 5 cm ʹର͢Δ֦ࢄ࣌ؒ͸ΞΠϯγϡλΠϯ – εϞϧίϑεΩʔͷؔ܎ࣜΑΓ 1.25×106 s ͱͳΓɼ༹࣭ͷҠಈ଎౓ʹ໿ 1 ສഒҎ্ͷҧ͍͕͋Δʢപᔹ, 2010ʣɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹɼ‫ۃ‬Ίͯߴ͍༌ૹೳྗͰ͋Δରྲྀ͕ਫాͰੜ͍ͯ͡
Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ʹͳͬͨɽҰํɼ২ੜͷ͋ΔਫాͰ͸ɼ২ੜͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λड͚࠷େͰ
΋ 0.7 mm s−1 ఔ౓Ͱ͋Γɼ২ੜ͕ͳ͍࣌ͷ࠷େ଎౓ͷ

1.6 mm s−1 ఔ౓ͱൺ΂ɼରྲྀ଎౓͕‫ݮ‬গ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ࣔ͞
ΕͨʢHanayama et al., 2009ʣɽ২ੜ͕ͳ͍৔߹ɼ౔৕ද
໘Թ౓͕୷ਫ໘Թ౓ΑΓߴ͘ͳΔ͜ͱͰԹ౓͕ࠩੜͯ͡
͓Γɼ͜Ε͕ରྲྀΛൃੜͤ͞ΔཁҼͰ͋Δͱߟ͑ΒΕͨɽҰํɼ২ੜԼͰ͸ɼ‫౔ʹٯ‬৕ද໘Թ౓ΑΓ୷ਫ໘Թ౓ͷํ͕ߴ͘ͳΓɼͦͷԹ౓ࠩͰରྲྀ͕ੜ͍ͯ͡Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ʹͳͬͨʢՖࢁ · ҆த, 2011ʣɽ
͜ͷΑ͏ʹਫా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δରྲྀ଎౓ଌఆ૷ஔͷ։ൃʹΑΓରྲྀ଎౓͕‫ܭ‬ଌ͞ΕΔͱͱ΋ʹɼηϯαʔͷվྑ΋ਐΊΒΕ͖ͯͨʢՖࢁΒ, 2008; Ֆࢁ · ҆த, 2009ʣɽ
͜ΕΒͷରྲྀ଎౓ͷଌఆ͸‫ބ‬পͳͲͰ΋‫ߦ͔͠ʹك‬ΘΕ͍ͯͳ͍ͨΊɼ͜͏ͨ͠ηϯαʔ͕ࠓ‫͞༻׆͘޿ޙ‬ΕΔ
͜ͱ͕๬·ΕΔɽ

3. ୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ༹ଘࢎૉ ʢDissolved
Oxygen, DOʣͷಈଶͱࣗಈଌఆͷࢼΈ
3.1 ༹ଘࢎૉͷ෼෍ͱ೔มԽ
୷ਫ૚ͷ༹ଘࢎૉʢDissolved Oxygen, DOʣ͸ɼ೔पมԽ͓ͯ͠Γɼಛʹ೔த͸ա๞࿨ঢ়ଶʹୡ͢Δ΄Ͳͷ޷Fig. 2 ਫా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δআ૲ࡎ౤༩લ‫ޙ‬ͷ༹ଘࢎૉʢDOʣɼ
๞࿨༹ଘࢎૉʢSatDOʣ
ɼ༹ଘ CO2 ɼpHɼRpH ͓Αͼ೔ࣹྔͷ
೔पมԽ.ʢUsui and Kasubuchi, 2011, Fig. 3ʣ‫ؾ‬త‫ڥ؀‬Λ‫ܗ‬੒͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕ଟ͘ͷ‫؍‬ଌ݁ՌʹΑΓ໌Β͔ʹͳͬͨʢSaito and Watanabe, 1978; ҏ౻ · ૿ౡ,ঢͷҧ͍Λར༻ͯ͠‫ٻ‬ΊΔɽηϯαʔͷԹ౓্ঢͱରྲྀ

1980; ҏ౻ · ૿ౡ, 1984; Ito, 1987; Mowjood and Kasubuchi, 1998a; Mowjood and Kasubuchi, 1998b; Mowjood
and Kasubuchi, 2002; Kishida et al., 2001; Usui and Kasubuchi, 2011; ӓҪ · പᔹ, 2013ʣɽ͜ͷ‫ݪ‬Ҽ͸ɼ஍ද໘଎౓ͱͷؔ܎Λܾఆ͢ΔΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯʹ͸ɼҰఆۙ͘ʹੜଉ͢ΔγΞϊόΫςϦΞ΍૶ྨͳͲͷޫ߹੒ͷ଎౓Ͱճస͢ΔγϯΫϩφεϞʔλʔΛ‫ͨ͠༻׆‬ɽγ

ʹΑΔ O2 ͷੜ੒ʹ͋Δɽ୷ਫ૚ͷ DO ͷਨ௚෼෍ΛଌϯΫϩφεϞʔλʔͷઌʹ͸ɼҰఆͷԹ౓ʹอͬͨਫ૧

ఆͨ͠ͱ͜ΖɼલষͷਫԹ෼෍ͱಉ༷ʹɼରྲྀͷ࡞༻ʹਁͨ͠ηϯαʔΛऔΓ෇͚ͨ‫͕͋ं׈‬Γɼ͜ͷ‫ं׈‬ΛʹΑΓ‫ۉ‬Ұͳೱ౓෼෍͕‫ܗ‬੒͞Ε͍ͯͨʢMowjood andҰఆͷ଎౓ͰҾ͘͜ͱͰηϯαʔΛਫதͰಈ͔͢ɽώʔΛߦ͏ɽ͜ͷͱ͖ɼҾ͔Εͨ଎౓ͷ্ঢͱͱ΋ʹɼCo +Kasubuchi, 1998aʣɽա๞࿨ঢ়ଶʹͳͬͨ೔தʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɼରྲྀʹΑͬͯେ‫ؾ‬໘‫ڥ‬ք·Ͱ DO ͸ա๞࿨ʹͳΓɼେ‫ؾ‬த΁ͷ O2 ์ग़͕ଅਐ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ʹͳͬͨʢMowjood and Kasubuchi, 1998aʣɽ͔͠͠ɼ‫ۃ‬Ίͯ޷‫ؾ‬Ni ઢͷԹ౓্ঢ͸খ͘͞ͳΔɽͭ·Γɼ଎౓͕େ͖͚Εత‫ڥ؀‬ͷ୷ਫ૚Ͱ͋ͬͯ΋ɼআ૲ࡎͷఴՃ͸୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͹ɼηϯαʔͷԹ౓্ঢ͸খ͘͞ɼ‫ʹٯ‬଎౓͕খ͚͞Ε

͚Δ DO ͷมಈʹେ͖ͳӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫͢΅ٴ‬ɽ͹ɼ্ঢ͸େ͖͘ͳΔɽ͜ͷಈ࡞Λ 0 mm s−1 ͔Β 2 mm

Fig. 2ʢaʣͷ DO ͷมԽ͸ɼআ૲ࡎఴՃલʢ9/1 ∼ 9/2
ͷ 12ɿ00 ࠒʣ·Ͱ͸ɼ೔ࣹྔͷมಈʢFig. 2ʢdʣʣʹ࿈ಈͯ͠େ͖͘มԽ͠ɼಛʹ೔த͸๞࿨༹ଘࢎૉྔʢ20 ◦ Cɼ༻ͷ Ni ઢͰ͋Δɽରྲྀ଎౓͸ɼਫͷྲྀ଎ʹΑΔԹ౓্λʔΛΦϯʹ͢Δͱ Co + Ni ઢͷԹ౓্͕ঢ͢ΔɽԹ౓͕҆ఆͨ͠‫ʹޙ‬ηϯαʔΛҰఆ଎౓Ͱಈ͔͠ɼԹ౓ଌఆ

s−1 ఔ౓ͷ଎౓Ͱ਺఺ߦ͍Թ౓্ঢͱରྲྀ଎౓ͱͷؔ܎Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔɽղઆɿਫా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ෺࣭༌ૹ͕୷ਫ໘ۙ๣ͷେ‫͢΅ٴ΁ڥ؀ؾ‬Ө‫ڹ‬73༩͑ɼৗʹ༹ଘࢎૉΛ‫͠څڙ‬ଓ͚Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ΄΅଺ཹ͍ͯ͠Δਫా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ DO ͷϞχλϦϯάʹ
͸ɼ͍ͣΕͷํ๏ʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɼఆ‫ظ‬తʹਫΛαϯϓϦϯ
άͯ͠ଌఆ͢Δଞͳ͔ͬͨɽ
ִບࣜΨϧόχి஑ํࣜͷηϯαʔΛ༻͍ͯਫాʹ͓͍ͯ࿈ଓͨࣗ͠ಈ‫ܭ‬ଌΛߦ͏ͨΊʹ͸ɼ୷ਫ૚Λ֧ཚ͢
Δ͜ͱͳ͘ɼྲྀ଎Λൃੜͤ͞ͳ͕Β৽઱ͳਫΛບ໘ʹࣗಈతʹૹΓࠐΉ࢓૊Έ͕ඞཁͰ͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱ౔৕ද໘͔
Β೚ҙͷߴ͞ͷՕॴ͔Β୷ਫΛϙϯϓͰৗ࣌αϯϓϦϯ
ά͠ɼ͜ͷਫΛ DO ηϯαʔʹ઀ଓͨ͠ΧϥϜʹৗ࣌ྲྀೖͤ͞ͳ͕Βഉग़ͤ͞ΔʢӓҪ, 2013ʣɽ͜ͷͱ͖ɼద౓
ͳྲྀ଎Λൃੜͤͭͭ͞ɼ୷ਫ૚Λ֧ཚͤ͞ͳ͍νϡʔϒϙϯϓαϯϓϦϯά๏ʢFig. 3ʣ͕ఏҊ͞ΕͨʢMowjood
and Kasubuchi, 1998aʣɽ͜ͷํ๏ʹΑͬͯɼ࣌ʑࠁʑͱ
มԽ͢Δਫా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ DO ͷ௕‫؍ظ‬ଌ͕Մೳͱ
ͳͬͨɽ͜ͷνϡʔϒϙϯϓαϯϓϦϯά๏Λ༻͍ɼਫా୷ਫ
૚Λର৅ʹ࿈ଓଌఆͨ͠ྫʢ֤ϓϩοτ͸ 15 ෼ִؒʣΛ

Fig. 4 ʹࣔ͢ɽDO ͸೔தʹ૿Ճ͠ɼ࠷େͰ໿ 0.4 mmol
L−1 ʹୡ͠ɼ‫ʹٯ‬໷ؒ͸‫ݮ‬গ͢Δप‫ظ‬తมಈ͕ੜ͍ͯ͡
Fig. 3 ༹ଘ CO2 ɼ༹ଘࢎૉʢDOʣɼpH ͓Αͼ RpH ͷଌఆ๏ͷ໛ࣜਤɽʢӓҪ · പᔹ, 2013, Fig.1ʣ

ͨɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹ‫ݱ‬৔Ͱదͨ͠ଌఆͷ࢓૊ΈΛ༻͍Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼैདྷͷִບ‫ܕ‬Ψϧόχి஑ํࣜ DO ηϯαʔΛ༻͍ͨৄࡉͳϞχλϦϯά͕ՄೳͱͳΔɽۙ೥Ͱ͸ɼվྑִͨ͠ບʹΑΓ֦ࢄʹΑΔࢎૉ‫ Ͱྔڅڙ‬DO ஋Λ‫ܭ‬ଌ

0.276 mmol L−1 ʣΑΓߴ͍ա๞࿨ͷঢ়ଶʹͳ͍ͬͯͨɽ

Ͱ͖Δηϯαʔʢۚ໺, 2004ʣ΍ɼִບ΍ిղӷΛ࢖༻͔ͤ͠͠ɼআ૲ࡎఴՃ‫ޙ‬ͷ 9/3 Ҏ߱͸ɼมಈ෯͸খ͘͞ͳͣʹແྲྀ଎‫Ͱڥ؀‬΋࢖༻Մೳͳ‫༹ࣜޫܬ‬ଘࢎૉ‫ܭ‬΋։ൃΓɼ·ͨ೔தʹ͓͍ͯ΋๞࿨༹ଘࢎૉྔΑΓখ͘͞ͳͬ

͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ͔͠͠ɼ‫ݱ‬৔Ͱͷར༻ʹ͸ɼྲྀ଎ґଘੑͷͨɽআ૲ࡎͷఴՃʹΑΓ O2 ‫ݯڅڙ‬ͷγΞϊόΫςϦΞ

֬ೝ͕ඞཁͰ͋Ζ͏ʢӓҪ, 2013ʣɽ୷ਫ૚தͷ DO ͷ௕΍૶ྨͳͲͷޫ߹੒્͕֐͞ΕΔͱɼ୷ਫ૚ͷ DO ͸େ‫ظ‬తͳϞχλϦϯάσʔλΛ஝ੵ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ɼਫా୷ਫ

͖͘௿Լ͢Δͱߟ͑ΒΕͨʢUsui and Kasubuchi, 2011ʣɽ૚ʹ͓͚Δ O2 ༌ૹϞσϧͷߏஙʹ͸ඞཁෆՄܽͰ͋Δɽ

3.2 ༹ଘࢎૉଌఆͷࣗಈԽ͜Ε·Ͱਫా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ༹ଘࢎૉೱ౓ͷଌఆͷଟ͘͸ɼ΢ΟϯΫϥʔ๏ʹΑΔణఆͱִບ‫ܕ‬Ψϧόχి஑

4. ୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ CO2 ೱ౓ɼ pH ͓Αͼ
RpH ͷಈଶͱࣗಈଌఆ

ํࣜΛ࠾༻ͨ͠ DO ϝʔλʔʹΑͬͯߦΘΕ͖ͯͨʢӓҪ, 2013ʣɽִບࣜΨϧόχి஑ํࣜͷηϯαʔ͸ɼͦͷ

4.1 ୷ਫ૚ͷ CO2 ೱ౓͓Αͼ pH ͷ೔มԽઌ୺͕ബ͍ಁաບͰ෴ΘΕɼͦ͜Λಁաͨ͠ࢎૉ͕ηϯޫ߹੒ͷ݁Ռੜ੒͞ΕΔ O2 ʹฒΜͰ΋ͬͱ΋ॏཁͳαʔͱ൓Ԡͯ͠‫ܭ‬ଌΛߦ͏ͨΊʢപᔹ, 2005ʣɼྲྀ଎͕஗

Ψεͱͯ͠ɼ͋ΒΏΔੜ෺͔Β‫ʹٵݺ‬Αͬͯੜ੒͞ΕΔ

͍‫Ͱڥ؀‬͸աখධՁ͠΍͘͢ɼద౓ͳྲྀ଎Ληϯαʔʹ

CO2 ͕‫͛ڍ‬ΒΕΔɽ

Fig. 4 ਫా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ༹ଘࢎૉ (DO) ೱ౓ͷ࿈ଓଌఆྫʢ2003 ೥ 6 ݄ 1 ೔͔Β 6 ݄ 21 ೔ʣ.

74౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)Ͱ͸ɼγΞϊόΫςϦΞ΍૶ྨͷ໾ׂ͸͖ΘΊͯॏཁͰ
͋ΔʢӓҪ, 2013ʣɽ
ͱ͘ʹߴ pH ͱͳͬͨ৔߹͸ɼpH ͷมಈͷӨ‫ڹ‬͸ CO2Ҏ֎ͷ෺࣭ಈଶʹ΋೿ੜ͢ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɽྫ͑͹ɼΞϯϞχΞଶ஠ૉͷ‫ࢄش‬ΛҾ͖‫͢͜ى‬Մೳੑʢ҆౻, 2005ʣ͕‫͛ڍ‬ΒΕΔɽ pH มಈʹͱ΋ͳ͏༷ʑͳ‫ݱ‬৅ͷ෺࣭ಈଶʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫͍ͯͭʹڹ‬ͷ‫ڀݚ‬͸গͳ͘ɼࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷਐల͕‫ظ‬଴͞ΕΔʢӓҪ, 2013ʣɽ

4.2 pH ͱ RpH ͷଌఆ๏ͱ೔มԽ
Ұൠతʹ͸Ψϥεి‫ۃ‬๏͕ओྲྀͰ͋Γɼਫా୷ਫͷ pHଌఆʹ͓͍ͯ΋Α͘༻͍ΒΕΔʢӓҪ, 2013ʣɽਫதͷ

CO2 ͷ๞࿨౓Λ൑அ͢Δࢦඪͱͯ͠ RpH ͕͋ΔɽRpH
ͱ͸ɼ͖Ε͍ͳେ‫ेͰؾ‬෼௨‫͞ؾ‬Εͨਫ͕ࣔ͢ pH Ͱ͋
Δʢ൒୩ · খ૔, 1995ʣɽਫా୷ਫ૚Ͱ pH ͱ RpH Λಉ࣌ʹଌఆ͢ΔͱɼͦͷࠩͰ͋Δ Δ pH = pH − RpH ʹΑΓɼ઀͢Δେ‫ؾ‬தͷ CO2 ʹରͯ͠๞࿨͔ෆ๞࿨͔Λ൑ผ
͠ɼCO2 Λ‫ٵ‬ऩͰ͖Δ͔൱͔Λ൑அͰ͖ΔʢUsui et al.,2003ʣɽ
RpH Λ࿈ଓଌఆ͢Δํ๏Λ Fig. 3 ʹࣔ͢ɽ୷ਫ͞ΕͨਫΛϚΠΫϩνϡʔϒϙϯϓͰৗ࣌αϯϓϦϯά͠ɼ
Fig. 5 ਫా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ༹ଘ CO2 ɼ༹ଘࢎૉʢDOʣɼpHɼ
RpH ͓Αͼ೔ࣹྔͷ೔มԽ.ʢӓҪ · പᔹ, 2013, Fig. 2ʣΧϥϜʢAʣ΁ૹΓࠐΜͰΤΞʔϙϯϓͰΤΞϨʔγϣϯ
͢Δɽ͜ͷे෼௨‫ࢼͨ͠ؾ‬ྉਫΛྡ઀͢ΔΧϥϜʢBʣ΁ૹΓࠐΈɼઃஔͨ͠ pH ి‫ Ͱۃ‬RpH Λଌఆ͢ΔʢUsui etͦ͜Ͱਫా୷ਫ૚Ͱ͸ɼҰ೔ʹͲͷΑ͏ͳ CO2 ೱ౓al., 2003; Usui and Kasubuchi, 2011; ӓҪ · പᔹ, 2013ʣɽ

ͷมಈ͕͋Δ͔ௐ΂Δඞཁ͕͋ΔɽߴՁͳ෼ੳ૷ஔΛ༻ͳ͓ɼΧϥϜʢBʣͰ͸ҰఆਫྔҎ্͸ഉग़‫͔ޱ‬Βഉग़͍ͣ͞؆қతʹ CO2 ೱ౓ΛଌఆͰ͖Δํ๏ͷҰͭʹࢎͱΕɼৗʹΤΞϨʔγϣϯ͞Εͨࢼྉਫ͕ΧϥϜʢBʣ΁ૹΞϧΧϦʹΑΔத࿨ణఆ๏͕͋Δɽ͜ͷํ๏Ͱ͸ɼఆ‫ظ‬ΒΕͯ RpH ͕ଌఆ͞ΕΔɽ͞ΒʹɼΧϥϜʢBʣͷ pHతʹਫా͔ΒࢼྉਫΛ࠾औ͠ɼ଎΍͔ʹణఆʹΑΓೱ౓ి‫ͱۃ‬ਫా୷ਫʹઃஔͨ͠ൺֱి‫ͱۃ‬ͷి‫ؾ‬త઀ଓΛ֬Λଌఆ͢Δ͜ͱͰ CO2 ೱ౓ͷ‫࣌ܦ‬తͳมಈ͕‫ݕ‬౼Ͱ͖

อ͢ΔͨΊʹ๞࿨ԘԽΧϦ΢Ϝ‫פ‬ఱ‫ڮ‬Λઃ͚ͨɽΔɽͦͯ͠ɼ͜ͷৄࡉͳ‫؍‬ଌ͔Β CO2 ೱ౓͕‫ݮ‬গ͢Δͱ

Fig. 2ʢcʣͱ Fig. 5 ͸ɼpH ͱ RpH ͷ‫؍‬ଌྫͰ͋Δ
ʢUsui et al., 2003; Usui and Kasubuchi, 2011; ӓҪ · പᔹ,
2013ʣɽ೔தɼpH ͸೔ࣹྔͷ૿େͱͱ΋ʹऑΞϧΧϦੑ·Ͱ্ঢͨ͠ɽRpH ΋্ঢ͕ͨ͠ɼpH ͱൺֱͦ͠ͷ஋͸খ͍͞ɽ໷ؒ͸ pH ͱ RpH ͸ 7 ҎԼͷ஋Λ͕ࣔ͢ɺಈͯ͠มԽ͢Δ‫؍‬ଌྫͰ͋Δɽ೔த୷ਫ૚ʹੜଉ͢Δγ
RpH ͸ pH ΑΓ΍΍ߴ͍஋Λࣔͨ͠ɽ͢ͳΘͪɼ೔த͸ΞϊόΫςϦΞ΍૶ྨͷޫ߹੒ʹΑΓ CO2 ͕‫ٵ‬ऩ͞Ε
ΔpH ͕ਖ਼ͷ஋Λࣔ͠ɼCO2 ͸ෆ๞࿨ͷঢ়ଶʹ͋Δɽ‫ʹٯ‬‫ݮ‬গ͠ɼO2 ͕ੜ੒͞Ε૿Ճ͢Δɽ໷ؒ͸‫ʹٵݺʹٯ‬ΑΓ໷ؒ͸ ΔpH ͕ෛͷ஋Λࣔ͠ɼCO2 ͸๞࿨ͷঢ়ଶʹ͋Δɽ
O2 ͕‫ٵ‬ऩ͞Ε‫ݮ‬গ͠ɼCO2 ͕ੜ੒ · ์ग़͞Ε૿Ճ͢Δɽ ͜ͷ ΔpH Λେ‫୷ – ؾ‬ਫք໘Ͱͷେ‫ ؾ‬CO2 ͷ‫ٵ‬ऩͱ์ग़͔͠͠ɼCO2 ͱ DO ͱͷؔ܎ʹ͸ɼώεςϦγε͕‫ݟ‬Βʹ‫ྫࣄͨ͠༻׆‬Λୈ 5 ষͰղઆ͢ΔɽΕΔ͜ͱ΋ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢӓҪ · പᔹ, 2013ʣɽ

DO ͸૿Ճ͠ɼ‫ ʹٯ‬DO ͕‫ݮ‬গ͢Δͱ CO2 ೱ౓͕૿Ճ͢
Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ʹͳͬͨʢKishida et al., 2001; Usui andKasubuchi, 2011; ӓҪ · പᔹ, 2013ʣɽFig. 2ʢaʣʢbʣͱ
Fig. 5 ͸ɼਫా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ DO ͱ CO2 ͕ؔ࿈ͯ͠࿈

୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ CO2 ಈଶʹؔ࿈ͯ͠ॏཁͳࢦඪͱͳ

5. ୷ਫ૚͕ۙ๣ͷେ‫ڥؾ‬ք૚ͷ෺࣭༌ૹʹΔͷ͸ pH Ͱ͋Δɽਫా୷ਫ૚ͷ pH ͸ CO2 ͷ૿‫ͱͱݮ‬‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫ڹ‬΋ʹେ͖͘มಈ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢMikkelsen etal., 1978; ҏ౻ · ૿ౡ, 1980; ҏ౻ · ૿ౡ, 1984; Ito, 1987;
Kishida et al., 2001, Usui et al., 2003; Usui and Kasubuchi,
2011; ӓҪ · പᔹ, 2013ʣɽ͜ͷ pH ͷมಈʹ΋ɼ୷ਫ૚

5.1 ୷ਫ૚͔Βͷࢎૉͷ์ग़
ୈ 3 ষʹ͓͍ͯɼਫా୷ਫ૚Ͱ͸ DO ͕ա๞࿨ʹͳͬ
͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛ঺հͨ͠ɽҰൠతʹਫ΁ͷ๞࿨༹ଘࢎૉྔʹੜଉ͢ΔγΞϊόΫςϦΞ΍૶ྨͷޫ߹੒͓Αͼ‫ٵݺ‬͸ɼਫԹɼ‫ؾ‬ѹɼ༹ଘԘྨೱ౓ͳͲʹΑͬͯมԽ͢Δ͕ɼ

͕ؔ༩͍ͯ͠Δͱߟ͑ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽpH ͷ্ঢͷཧ༝ͱ

1 ‫ؾ‬ѹɼ25 ◦ C Ͱ 8.11 mg L−1 ʢ0.25 mmol L−1 ʣఔ౓Ͱʵͯ͠ɼਫੜ২෺ʹऔΓࠐ·Εͨ HCOʵ3 ͕ OH ͱ CO2

͋ΔɽͦͷͨΊɼ୷ਫ૚Ͱա๞࿨ʹͳ༹ͬͨଘࢎૉ͸ɼʹ෼ղͯ͠ɼCO2 ͸ޫ߹੒ʹར༻͞Εɼ༿ͷ্෦͔ΒO2 ͱͯ͠େ‫ؾ‬தʹ์ग़͞Ε͍ͯΔͱߟ͑ΒΕͨɽͦ͜͸ OHʵ ͕์ग़͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢSteemann,Ͱ Mowjood and Kasubuchiʢ2002ʣ͸ɼେ‫୷ – ؾ‬ਫք໘

1960ʣɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹ୷ਫ૚ͷ pH ‫ڥ؀‬Λ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δ্Ͱͷ O2 ༌ૹʹؔͯ͠ɼରྲྀ଎౓ͷҧ͍ʹΑͬͯɼେ‫ؾ‬ղઆɿਫా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ෺࣭༌ૹ͕୷ਫ໘ۙ๣ͷେ‫͢΅ٴ΁ڥ؀ؾ‬Ө‫ڹ‬75Ͱड़΂ͨআ૲ࡎ౤༩͸ɼDO ͷΈͳΒͣɼ୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚
Δ༹ଘ CO2 ɼpHɼRpH ͷ೔มಈΛมԽͤ͞ɼେ‫୷ – ؾ‬ਫ૚ؒͰͷ෺࣭༌ૹʹେ͖ͳӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫͢΅ٴ‬Մೳੑ͕͋Δ
ʢUsui and Kasubuchi, 2011ʣɽ

6. ͓ΘΓʹ
ຊߘͰ͸ɼਫా୷ਫ૚Λத৺ͱͨ͠෺࣭༌ૹͱͦΕΒ͕୷ਫ໘ۙ๣ͷେ‫͢΅ٴʹڥ؀ؾ‬Ө‫͍ͯͭʹڹ‬ͷ‫ڀݚ‬੒ՌΛචऀΒͷ‫ڀݚ‬੒ՌΛத৺ʹ঺հͨ͠ɽಛʹɼਫాͷ
୷ਫ૚ – େ‫͚͓ʹܥؾ‬Δ෺ཧ‫ڥ؀‬ͷ࿈ଓ‫؍‬ଌ૷ஔͱ‫؍‬ଌ݁Ռʹ͍ͭͯয఺Λ౰ͯͯղઆͨ͠ɽ͔͠͠ɼਫా͸౔৕ – ୷ਫ – ২෺ – େ‫ͯ͠ͱܥؾ‬੒ཱ͓ͯ͠Γɼࠓ‫ޙ‬͸౔৕΋‫ؚ‬Ίͨৄࡉͳ෺࣭΍ΤωϧΪʔͷ࿈ଓ‫؍‬ଌ૷ஔͷ։
Fig. 6 ਫా୷ਫ໘্ʹ͓͚Δେ‫ ؾ‬CO2 ͷߴ͞ผೱ౓෼෍.
ʢUsui et al., 2003, Fig. 4ʣൃͱϑΟʔϧυ‫؍‬ଌ͕ॏཁͰ͋ΔɽͱΓΘ͚౔৕ͷࢎԽؐ‫ిݩ‬ҐʢEhʣ͸౔৕ද૚΍ࠜ‫ݍ‬Ҭʹ͓͚Δඍੜ෺ͷ‫׆‬ಈͱؔ࿈͍ͯ͠Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔ͕ɼ͜Ε·Ͱʹ࿈ଓ‫ܭ‬ଌ͔Βͷ୷ਫ૚΁ͷ O2 ͷ‫ٵ‬ऩ଎౓΍୷ਫ૚͔Βେ‫ؾ‬த΁ͷࣄྫ͸গͳ͍ɽඍੜ෺‫׆‬ಈʹΑΔԹࣨޮՌΨεͷফ௕ͱؔ࿈͚ͮͨ‫ڀݚ‬Λߦ͏ͨΊʹ͸ɼEh ͷ࿈ଓ‫ܭ‬ଌͱԹͷ O2 ͷ์ग़଎౓͕ҟͳΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ͱߟ͑ͨɽͦ͜

ࣨޮՌΨεϑϥοΫεͷಉ࣌‫ܭ‬ଌ͕ෆՄܽͰ͋ΔʢӓҪ,ͰɼਫాͷϞσϧ࣮‫ͱݧ‬ϞσϧղੳΛߦ͍ɼରྲྀ଎౓ͷ

2013ʣɽ

มಈʹΑΔେ‫ͱؾ‬ͷ O2 ͷΨεަ‫਺܎׵‬ͷҧ͍Λ‫͠ূݕ‬ਫాʹ͓͚Δ෺࣭΍ΤωϧΪʔͷҠಈ΍ঢ়ଶͷ෺ཧ‫؀‬ͨɽͦͷ݁Ռɼରྲྀ଎౓͕େ͖͍΄Ͳେ‫ڥؾ‬ք΁ͷ O2‫ڥ‬࿈ଓ‫ܭ‬ଌ͸ɼ·ͩ࢝·ͬͨ͹͔ΓͰ͋Δɽࠓ‫ޙ‬͸ɼਫͷ‫څڙ‬͸૿Ճ͠ɼ·ͨަ‫਺܎׵‬΋૿Ճ͢Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δରྲྀͷ௕‫ظ‬࿈ଓଌఆ΍୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ

ʹͳͬͨɽ͞ΒʹɼϑΟʔϧυͷ‫؍‬ଌσʔλΛղੳͨ͠

DOɼCO2 ೱ౓ɼpHɼ·ͨେ‫ ؾ‬CO2 ೱ౓ͷ࿈ଓଌఆσʔλͳͲ͕ɼਫాʹ͓͚Δ౔৕ – ୷ਫ – ২෺ – େ‫ܥؾ‬ͷ෺

ͱ͜Ζɼަ‫਺܎׵‬͸ɼରྲྀͷӨ‫ʹڹ‬ΑΓҰ೔Λ௨ͯ͠େ͖͘มಈ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ʹͳͬͨɽ࣭༌ૹϞσϧ΁‫͞༻׆‬ΕΔ͜ͱ͕๬·ΕΔɽ

5.2 ୷ਫ૚ʹΑΔେ‫ ؾ‬CO2 ͷ‫ٵ‬ऩँࣙਫҴ‫܈‬མʹ͓͚Δ CO2 ϑϥοΫεͷ‫ڀݚ‬͸ɼ‫͔͘ݹ‬Βଟ͘ͳ͞Ε͍͕ͯͨɼେ‫୷ – ؾ‬ਫք໘Ͱͷ CO2 ަ‫ʹ׵‬ຊߘΛࣥච͢Δʹ͋ͨΓɼಠཱߦ੓๏ਓ೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़͍ͭͯ͸ Koizumi et al.ʢ2001ʣͷ‫ݶʹͲͳྫࣄڀݚ‬ΒΕ‫ॴڀݚ‬ৗాַࢤത࢜ʹ͸ɼ‫ߘݪ‬Λ͝ߍӾ͍͖ͨͩ·ͨ͠ɽ͍ͯͨɽ͔͠͠ɼO2 ͷେ‫୷ – ؾ‬ਫք໘Ͱͷ༌ૹಉ༷ʹɼ·ͨɼ‫ػ‬ձΛ༩͑ͯͩͬͨ͘͞ຊࢽฤूҕһձͷํʑʹ

CO2 ͷ‫ڍ‬ಈʹ͍ͭͯ΋ɼ୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ෺ཧ‫ڥ؀‬ͷมಈ‫ँײ‬Λਃ্͛͠·͢ɽ͕ɼେ͖ͳӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫͢΅ٴ‬ɽҾ༻จ‫ݙ‬

Fig. 6 ʹਫా୷ਫ໘্ʹ͓͚Δߴ౓ผͷେ‫ ؾ‬CO2 ೱ౓෼෍Λࣔ͢ʢԣ࣠ͷ୯Ґ μ mol mol−1 ͸ ppm ͱಉ౳Ͱ͋
Δʣɽଌఆߴ౓͸୷ਫ໘ΑΓ্ํͷ 5, 20, 50, 100 cm Ͱ
͋Δɽ೔தʹ͓͚Δ୷ਫ໘ۙ๣ͷ 5 cm ʹ͓͚Δ CO2 ೱ҆౻ɹ๛ (2005): ౔৕αΠΤϯεೖ໳ ୈ 5 ষ ਫాͷ౔৕. pp.

63–74, จӬಊ, ౦‫ژ‬.

౓͕ɼେ‫্ؾ‬෦ʢ20, 50, 100 cmʣͰͷଌఆ஋ΑΓ΍΍௿FAO (2011): FAO STAT. Available at http://faostat3.fao.org/home͘ͳΔ‫ݱ‬৅͕‫͞࡯؍‬Εͨɽ͜Ε͸ɼԼ޲͖ํ޲΁ͷ CO2/index.html# DOWNLOAD (accessed 20 March 2013).

ͷྲྀΕΛҙຯ͢ΔɽҰൠతʹാ஍Ͱ͸ɼ౔৕‫ʹٵݺ‬ΑΔ

Fujimaki, Y., Mowjood, M.I.M. and Kasubuchi, T. (2000): Mea-

CO2 ͷ์ग़ʹΑͬͯɼ౔৕໘ۙ๣ͷ CO2 ͕ߴ͘ͳΔ͜

surement of convective velocity of paddy ponded water of aͱ͕஌ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ͔͠͠ɼਫా͸ͦͷ౔৕ද໘͕୷ਫ
૚Ͱ෴ΘΕ͍ͯΔͨΊɼാ஍ͱ͸ҟͳΔೱ౓෼෍͕ੜ͡
ͨͱߟ͑ΒΕͨɽ

4.2 અͰࣔͨ͠Α͏ʹɼpH ͷߴ͍೔தͷ୷ਫ૚͸ CO2
͕ෆ๞࿨ͷঢ়ଶʹ͋ΓɼpH ͷ௿͍໷ؒ͸๞࿨ͷঢ়ଶʹ
͋ΔʢFig. 5ʣɽͦ͜Ͱɼ୷ਫͷ pH ͷ೔มಈͱ୷ਫ໘͔
Βߴ͞ 5 cm ͱ 20 cm ͷ CO2 ೱ౓͔Β‫·ٻ‬Δೱ౓ޯ഑ͷ೔มಈΛൺֱͨ͠ɽͦͷ݁Ռɼ೔தͷ୷ਫ૚͸େ‫͔ؾ‬
Β CO2 Λ‫ٵ‬ऩ͠ɼ໷ؒ͸‫ʹٯ‬େ‫ ΁ؾ‬CO2 Λ์ग़͢Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ʹͳͬͨʢUsui et al., 2003ʣɽͨͩ͠ɼ3.1 અ

paddy ﬁeld. Soil Sci., 165: 404–411.
Ֆࢁɹ঑, പᔹୢত, ҆த෢޾ (2008): ా໘ਫͷରྲྀ଎౓Λଌఆ
͢Δ૷ஔͷվྑ. ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ, 109: 51–56.
Ֆࢁɹ঑, ҆த෢޾ (2009): ରྲྀηϯαʔͷίϯελϯλϯઢͷൃ೤͕ରྲྀ଎౓ଌఆʹ͓Α΅͢Ө‫ڹ‬. ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ, 113:

21–24.
Hanayama, S., Kasubuchi, T. and Annaka, T. (2009): Convection velocity of ponded water in the vegetated paddy lysimeter.
Paddy Water Environ., 7: 255–258.
Ֆࢁɹ঑, ҆த෢޾ (2011): ২ੜԼʹ͓͚Δా໘ਫͷରྲྀΛ༠ൃ
͢ΔཁҼʹ͍ͭͯ. ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ, 118: 19–24.

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)76൒୩ߴ‫ٱ‬, খ૔‫ل‬༤ (1995): ୈ 3 ൛ ਫ࣭ௐࠪ๏. pp. 188–189, ‫ؙ‬ળ, ౦‫ژ‬.

fect of convection in ponded water on the thermal regime of apaddy ﬁeld. Soil Sci., 162: 583–587.

ҏ౻ɹ৴, ૿ౡɹത (1980): ా໘ྲྀਫʹ͓͚Δ஠ૉ, Ϧϯೱ౓ͷมಈͱྲྀ଎৚݅. ೔ຊ౔৕ංྉֶࡶࢽ, 51: 478–486.

Mowjood, M.I.M. and Kasubuchi, T. (1998a): Dynamics of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the ponded water of a paddy ﬁeld. Soilҏ౻ɹ৴, ૿ౡɹത (1984): ਫҴ࠿ഓ͓Αͼད஍৚݅Լʹ͓͚Δ
ా໘ਫதͷແ‫ػ‬ଶ஠ૉͱϦϯͷೱ౓௿Լ. ೔ຊ౔৕ංྉֶࡶ
ࢽ, 55: 123–128.

Sci. Plant Nutr., 44: 405–413.
Mowjood, M.I.M. and Kasubuchi, T. (1998b): Heat and dissolved
oxygen (DO) transfer phenomenon in ponded paddy ﬁeld. ౔

Ito A. (1987): Change of water temperature, pH, dissolved৕ͷ෺ཧੑ, 79: 41–47.

oxygen, inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in

Mowjood, M.I.M. and Kasubuchi, T. (2002): Effect of convection

ﬂowing irrigation water on paddy surface. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.,

on the exchange coefﬁcient of oxygen and estimation of net

33: 449–459.

production rate of oxygen in ponded water of a paddy ﬁeld.

പᔹୢত (2002): ϑΟʔϧυ͔Βల։͞ΕΔ౔৕ංྉֶ—৽ͨͳࢹ఺ͰσʔλΛ࠾Δ · ‫ݟ‬Δ— 5. ਫాͷ෺ཧ‫ڥ؀‬ͷࣗಈ‫ܭ‬
ଌ. ೔ຊ౔৕ංྉֶࡶࢽ, 73: 53–56.

Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 48: 673–678.
Rose, C.W. and Chapman, A.L. (1968): A physical analysis ofdiurnal temperature regimes in clear and turbid water layer: Aപᔹୢত (2005): ଓ · ‫ڥ؀‬ෛՙΛ༧ଌ͢Δ—ϞχλϦϯάͱϞσϦϯάͷൃల—. ೾ଟ໺ོհ · ‫ݘ‬෬࿨೭ฤ, pp. 134–145, ത༑ࣾ, ౦‫ژ‬.

problem in rice culture. Agric. Meteorol., 5: 391–409.
Saito, M. and Watanabe, I. (1978): Organic matter production inrice ﬁeld ﬂood water. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 24: 427–440.

പᔹୢত (2010): ౔ͱ஍‫౔ ٿ‬͸஍‫ٿ‬ͷੜ໋ҡ࣋૷ஔ. pp. 170,

172, ֶձग़൛ηϯλʔ, ౦‫ژ‬.

Steemann, N.E. (1960): Uptake of CO2 by the plant. In Handbuch
der Pﬂanzenphysiologie 5, pp. 70–84, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,

Kishida, T., Iwata, T., Miura, T., Ohtaki, E., Nishimura, K.,
Higuchi, Y., Ohtou, A. and Miyata, A. (2001): Factors affect-Göttingen, Heidelberg.
Usui, Y., Mowjood, M.I.M. and Kasubuchi, T. (2003): Absorption

ing the diurnal variation of carbon dioxide concentration inand emission of CO2 by ponded water of a paddy ﬁeld. Soilstanding water in a rice ﬁeld. J. Agric Meteorol., 57: 117–126.

Sci. Plant Nutr., 49: 853–857.

Koizumi, H., Kibe, T., Mariko, S., Ohtsuka, T., Nakadai, T., Mo,

Usui, Y. and Kasubuchi, T. (2011): Effects of herbicide appli-

W., Toda, H., Nishimura, S. and Kobayashi, K. (2001): Effectcation on Carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, pH and RpH inon free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on CO2 exchange at the

paddy-ﬁeld ponded water. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 57: 1–6.

ﬂood-water surface in a rice paddy ﬁeld. New Phytol., 150:

ӓҪ༃ߒ, പᔹୢত (2013): ਫా୷ਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ CO2 ೱ౓, DO,

pH ͓Αͼ RpH ͷ೔มಈͱͦͷ૬‫܎ؔޓ‬. ཮ਫֶࡶࢽ, 74:

231–239.
ۚ໺༟ࢠ (2004): ৽͍͠ແྲྀ଎ DO ి‫ۃ‬Λ࢖ͬͨ‫ڥ؀‬ଌఆ΁ͷ

15–20.
ӓҪ༃ߒ (2013): ਫాʹ͓͚Δ෺ཧ‫ܭڥ؀‬ଌͷਐาͱ༹ଘࢎૉ

ఏҊ. EICA, 9: 265–268.

Mikkelesen D.S., De Datta S.K. and Obcemea W.N. (1978): Ammonia volatilization losses from ﬂooded rice soil. Soil Sci.

(DO) · pH · ࢎԽؐ‫ిݩ‬Ґ (Eh) ͷಈଶղ໌͓Αͼ୷ਫ૚ʹ͓
͚Δରྲྀͷൃ‫ݟ‬. ੜ෺ͱ‫ؾ‬৅, 13: 25–32.
໼ਧສण (1957): ਫాਫԹʹؔ͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬. Bull. Univ Osaka Pref.

Soc. AM. J., 42: 725–730.
Mowjood, M.I.M., Ishiguro, K. and Kasubuchi, T. (1997): Ef-

ཁSer. B., 7: 113–146.

ࢫਫా୷ਫ૚Ͱੜ͡Δ෺࣭༌ૹ͓ΑͼͦΕΒ͕पล‫͢΅ٴʹڥ؀‬Ө‫ؔ͢ʹڹ‬Δํ๏͓Αͼ݁Ռʹ͍ͭͯ֓‫ͨ͠؍‬ɽਫా୷ਫ૚͸ɼ౔৕૚͓Αͼେ‫ؾ‬૚ͱͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͰ͋Γɼ୷ਫ૚Ͱੜ͡Δ෺ཧ‫ݱ‬৅ͷมಈ͕ɼपลͷ‫ʹڥ؀‬େ͖ͳӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫͢΅ٴ‬ɽ͜ͷ͜ͱΛ໌Β͔ʹ͢ΔͨΊʹɼ౔৕ – ୷ਫ૚ – େ‫ʹܥؾ‬
͓͚Δ෺ཧ‫ڥ؀‬ཁૉͷ࿈ଓଌఆʹΑͬͯ໌Β͔ʹ͢ΔͨΊʹߟҊ͞Εͨํ๏΍ͦ͜ͰಘΒΕͨ݁ՌΛ঺հͨ͠ɽਫాʹ͓͚Δ෺࣭΍ΤωϧΪʔͷҠಈ΍ঢ়ଶͱ͍ͬͨ෺ཧ‫ڥ؀‬࿈ଓ‫ܭ‬ଌ͸ɼ·ͨ࢝·ͬͨ͹͔ΓͰ͋Δɽ͜Ε͔Β΋ະͩ໌Β͔ʹ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍‫ݱ‬৅Λɼ৽ͨͳํ๏Λ༻͍ͯղ໌͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱ͕๬·ΕΔɽΩʔϫʔυɿCO2 ɼ༹ଘࢎૉʢDOʣɼਫా୷ਫ૚ɼ࿈ଓ‫؍‬ଌ૷ஔɼϑΟʔϧυ‫ܭ‬ଌJ. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 126, p.77 ∼ 78 (2013)εχʔΧʔͰͰ͖Δถͮ͘Γ‫ף‬ɹलত 1ʮ΋͠΋͠ · · · ࠓɼ‫ס‬௚ͷछΛ·͍͍ͯΔͱ͜Ζ · · ·௚೻Ͱ͋Ε͹ɼ୤͗ཤ͖ʹۤ࿑͢ΔాΜ΅༻௕‫ۺ‬͸ෆཁ

͋ͱ 1 ຕ 3 ϔΫλʔϧ͚͔ͩͩΒɼ2 ࣌ؒ͘Β͍ · · · ऴͰ͋Δɽ͜ͷ༷ͳ௕‫͔ۺ‬ΒεχʔΧʔ΁ͷมԽ͕ɼ೶‫ۀ‬ΘͬͨΒ͙͢ߦ͚ΔΑɽʯ೶Ոͷएऀ͕εϚϗ͔Կ͔ʹ͕‫ݟ‬௚͞ΕΔ͖͔͚ͬʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͱࢥ͏͕ɼए͍ਫҴ޲͔ͬͯ࿩͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜Ε͸શ͘ͷ૝૾͕͍ͩۙ͏ͪʹ೶Ոʹͱͯ΋ड͚͍ͯΔɽ͜ͷ༷ͳ΍ΓͱΓ͕ɼय़ઌͷాΜ΅Ͱ‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔͱࢥ͍ͬͯΔɽ౦๺೶‫ڀݚۀ‬ηϯλʔʹ͸ຖ೥ଟ͘ͷ೶Ո͕ะ৔ͷࢹࢹ࡯ͷର৅ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔ౦๺೶‫ڀݚۀ‬ηϯλʔͷాΜ΅͕଄੒͞Εͨࠒɼ೶Ոͷะ৔͸ 10 a ఔ౓ͷ‫ن‬໛Ͱ͋ͬͨɽͦͷΑ͏ͳ࣌୅ʹ΋͔͔ΘΒͣɼকདྷͷӦ೶ͷมԽ࡯ʹ๚ΕΔɽͦͷ͓໨౰ͯ͸ɼ೶Ոʹͱͬͯ͸‫ాס‬௚೻Λ‫ݟ‬ӽ͠໿ 2 ha ͷਫా͕଄੒͞Εɼਫాྠ࡞ٕज़ʹؔ͢ͷઌੜͰ͋Γɼ20 ೥Ҏ্΋‫ాס‬௚೻ʹऔΓ૊Ή‫͕ऀڀݚ‬Δ‫ͨͬ·͕࢝ڀݚ‬ɽ‫ؠ‬ख‫ݝ‬੝ԬࢢʹҐஔ͢Δ͜ͷลΓ͸࡞ΔాΜ΅Ͱ͋ΔɽͦͷాΜ΅͸ 50 ೥લʹ଄੒͞Εͨ
1 ච໿ 2 ha ͷะ৔Ͱ͋Δɽͦͷะ৔Ͱ͸ 5 ݄ʹ 1 ࣌ؒఔ౓Ͱछ͕ࢃ͔ΕΔɽ7 ݄ʹ͸Ҡ২ͷాΜ΅ͱ‫ݟ‬෼͚͕‫ؠ‬खࢁ࿢ͷՐࢁփ஍ଳͰ͋Γɼ࿙ਫͷ໰୊͔Βਫా଄੒͔ͭͳ͍ঢ়ଶͱͳΓɼ੨ʑͱໜ͍ͬͯΔాΜ΅Λ‫͕ͳݟ‬·ͨɼ౰࣌͸ా২‫ػ‬ͷ։ൃ΋ൃల్্ஈ֊Ͱ͋Γɼ2 haΒɼऩྔ΋Ҡ২ͷాΜ΅ͱมΘΒͳ͍ͳͲͱઆ໌͞ΕΔ

ͷะ৔ʹබΛख২͑͢ΔͳͲࠔ೉͖Θ·Γͳ͍ͱ͍͏͜

ͱɼଟ͘ͷਓ͸Ҵ࡞ٕज़ͷมԽʹ‫͖ڻ‬Λ‫ͤݟ‬Δɽ

ͱͰɼ௚೻࠿ഓͷ‫͕ڀݚ‬։࢝͞Ε‫͍ͯͬࢸʹࡏݱ‬Δɽ௚

͕ࠔ೉ͱ͞Ε͍͕ͯͨɼഁࡅసѹ޻๏ʢ‫ؠ‬େ޻๏ʣͷ։ൃʹΑΓɼ౰ࢼ‫ݧ‬৔ʹ΋ਫా͕଄੒͞Εͨ‫ܦ‬Ң͕͋Δɽ

࠷ۙͰ͸ࢹ࡯ऀͷதʹ 20 ୅ɼ30 ୅ͷएऀ͕໨ཱͬͯ

೻࠿ഓ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸୷ਫࢄ೻࠿ഓํࣜ౳ͷٕज़͕։ൃ͞Εͯ

͍Δɽʮ͜Μͳ෩ʹถ͕࡞ΕΔͳΒ೶ՈΛ‫Ͱ͍ܧ‬΋ྑ͍ʯ͖͕ͨɼ‫ࡏݱ‬ɼࢹ࡯೶Ոͷ໨ͷલʹ͋Δͷ͸ɼϓϥ΢ߞ

͋Δ͍͸ʮట࡞‫Ͱ͠ͳۀ‬ถ͕࡞ΕΔ͜ͱΛΦϠδʹ‫ݟ‬௟ѹํࣜͷ‫ాס‬௚೻ʹΑΔాΜ΅Ͱ͋Δɽϓϥ΢ߞ௟ѹͤͯ΍Γ͍ͨɽʯͱҙ‫ࠐؾ‬Ήएऀ΋͍Δɽ൴ΒͷؒͰ͸ɼํࣜͷ‫ాס‬௚೻͸ɼാ࡞ʹ༻͍ΒΕΔ‫ػ‬ցΛ൚༻తʹརʮεχʔΧʔͰถΛ࡞Δʯͱ͍͏͜ͱ͕࿩୊ʹͳ͍ͬͯ

༻͢Δɼാ࡞ͷΑ͏ͳҴ࡞Ͱ͋Δɽ͜Ε·Ͱͷ୅͔͖ҠΔɽʮεχʔΧʔͰʯͱ͸‫ͯͬݴ‬΋ɼ୯ʹ͜Ε·Ͱͷ࡞‫ۀ‬২ʹΑΔҴ࡞Ͱ͸ɼߞ൫Λ࢒ͨ͢Ίʹൺֱతઙ͘ߞ‫͠ى‬ʹ͓͍ͯࣗ෼͚ͩ͸࡞‫͔ػۀ‬Β߱Γͳ͍ɼͱ͍͏͜ͱͰ

ͯɼ࡞౔૚ΛॊΒ͔͘͢Δͷʹରͯ͠ɼϓϥ΢ߞ௟ѹํ͸ͳ͘ɼཁ͸௕‫͕ۺ‬ඞཁͳঢ়‫ۀ࡞Ͱگ‬Λ͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͏͜

ࣜ‫ాס‬௚೻Ͱ͸ɼग़དྷΔ͚ͩਂ͘ߞ‫ͯ͠ى‬ɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷ௟ͱͰ͋Δɽ͜Ε·Ͱͷ୅͔͖ʹΑΔҠ২࠿ഓͰͦͷΑ͏ѹ࡞‫ʹۀ‬Αͬͯా໘Λֶߍͷάϥ΢ϯυͷΑ͏ʹ‫͘͢ݻ‬ͳख๏Λ໨ࢦ͢͜ͱ͸ɼถ࡞ΓΛ์‫͢غ‬Δ͜ͱʹͳΔɽ

Δɽ͜Ε·ͰͷਫҴ࡞ͱ͸શ͘‫ٯ‬ͷ͜ͱ͕ߦΘΕΔɽ͜

͔͠͠ɼ‫ాס‬௚೻Ͱ͸‫ʹٯ‬ʮ௕‫͕ۺ‬ඞཁͳঢ়‫Ͱگ‬͸࡞‫ۀ‬ͷ༷ͳઆ໌Λ͠ͳ͕Βɼ‫ాס‬௚೻ͷઌੜ͕୷ਫ͍ͯ͠Δ

Λ͠ͳ͍ʯ͜ͱ͸ཧʹ͔ͳ͍ͬͯΔɽͦͷ໊ͷ௨Γʮ‫ס‬ాΜ΅Ͱ૸ͬͨΓɼδϟϯϓͨ͠Γͯ͠ΈͤΔͱɼࢹ࡯ాʯ͔Β࢝·ΔҴ࡞Ͱ͸ɼ‫͍ͨס‬ะ৔ʹ೻छͰ͖Δ͜ͱ೶ՈΒͷসΈ͕͜΅ΕΔɽ͜Ε·ͰͷాΜ΅Ͱ͸ઈରʹ͕੒ޭ΁ͷୈҰาͰ͋Δɽ௕‫͕ۺ‬టͩΒ͚ʹͳΔঢ়ଶͰ͋Γಘͳ͍ޫ‫͋Ͱܠ‬ΔͨΊͰ͋Ζ͏ɽͷ‫ػ‬ց࡞‫Ͳͳۀ‬͸ɼะ৔ͷഉਫੑΛ௿Լͤ͞ɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷͰ͸ɼࢹ࡯ͨ͠೶Ո͕࣮ફ͢ΔాΜ΅͸Ͳ͏͔ʁϓϥ࡞‫ʹۀ‬ѱӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫͢΅ٴ‬ɽ͜Ε͸‫ాס‬௚೻Ͱ΍ͬͯ͸͍͚΢ߞ௟ѹํࣜ‫ాס‬௚೻͸‫ࡏݱ‬ɼ౦๺஍ํ֤஍ͷਫా஍ଳͳ͍͜ͱͷҰͭͰ͋ΔɽΑͬͯɼ࡞‫ۀ‬Λ͢Δࡍʹ͸ะ৔ͰߦΘΕ͍ͯΔɽͦͷதͰ΋ಋೖ໘ੵ͕૿Ճ͍ͯ͠ΔͷΛา͍ͯ΋‫͍ͳ͔͕ͭ౔ʹۺ‬ͷͰεχʔΧʔͰे෼ͱ͍

͸ઋ୆ฏ໺Ͱ͋Δɽઋ୆ฏ໺ͱ͍͑͹ҏୡ੓फͷ࣌୅͔͏͜ͱͰ͋ΔɽΒͷถͲ͜ΖͰ͋Δɽ·ΔͰɼ‫ాס‬௚೻ͷઌੜ͕৽͍͠

·ͨɼะ৔Λ‫͔ͨ͢ס‬Ίʹ͸લ࡞͔Βͷ४උ΋ඞཁͰҴ࡞ٕज़ΛҾͬఏ͛ͯ౦๺ͷຊ‫߈ʹؙ‬Ίೖ͍ͬͯΔΑ͏͋Δɽલ࡞͕ਫҴ࡞Ͱ͋Ε͹ऩ֭௚‫͔ޙ‬ΒഉਫରࡦΛʹࢥ͑ͯͳΒͳ͍ɽ৽ٕज़Λී‫ͤ͞ٴ‬Δ্Ͱ͸࠷΋ී‫ٴ‬ࢪ͢͜ͱ΍ɼ‫ాס‬௚೻ͷલ࡞͸ാ࡞ʹ͢ΔͳͲɼεχʔՄೳੑ͕͋Γɼଞʹରͯ͠Ө‫ྗڹ‬ͷେ͖͍஍Ҭʹ߈ΊࠐΧʔͰ௨͢ͱͳΕ͹ͦͷͨΊͷ४උ΋ଵΒͳ͍ɽୠ͠ೖ

Ήͷ͸ਖ਼͍͠ઓུͰ͋Δɽ͔͠΋ɼຊ‫ؙ‬ͷງ͸‫ʹط‬ຒΊਫ‫ޙ‬ͷ୷ਫ‫ؒظ‬தʹాΜ΅ʹೖΔ৔߹ʹ͸௕‫ۺ‬Λ࢖͏͜ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ͔ͭͯ͸ਫ֐ʹۤ͠ΊΒΕ͍ͯͨઋ୆ฏ໺

ͱʹͳΔ͕ɼా໘Λ‫͘͢ݻ‬Δ௟ѹ࡞‫ۀ‬ΛऔΓೖΕͨ‫ాס‬͸ɼ௕͍౔஍վྑͷྺ࢙Ͱ࣪஍ɼ࣪ాͷഉਫվྑ͕ਤΒΕɼۙ೥Ͱ͸‫ాס‬Խ͕ਐߦ͍ͯ͠Δɽࢲ΋‫ٶ‬৓Ͱਫాͷ1 ೶‫ߏػݚ‬౦๺೶‫ڀݚۀ‬ηϯλʔ

2014 ೥ 1 ݄ 30 ೔डߘɹ 2014 ೥ 2 ݄ 4 ೔डཧഉਫվྑͷ࢓ࣄʹ 10 ೥΄Ͳ‫ܞ‬Θ͖ͬͯͨɽ౰࣌͸‫ాס‬

78౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)௚೻ͷాΜ΅౳͸΄ͱΜͲ໨ʹ͠ͳ͔͕ͬͨɼࠓͱͳͬ

‫ాס‬௚೻Λ΍Γ͍ͨ‫ؠ‬ख‫ݝ‬ͷ೶Ո͕ઋ୆ฏ໺ͷ೶ՈΛતͯɼࢲ͸ͤͬͤͱ‫ాס‬௚೻ಋೖͷງΛຒΊ͖ͯͨ͜ͱʹ·͘͠ࢥ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱΛઆ໌͢Δɽ͞Βʹɼࠓ·Ͱ࣪ా‫͔ͮ͞ؾ‬ΕΔɽ

Ͱۤ࿑ͨ͠͝ઌ૆༷ͷ෼·Ͱ‫ాס‬௚೻Λָ͠ΜͰ͔ͩͭͯ͘͞ͷా২͑͸಑௕Λ͸͍ͯ‫ߦ͔ͯͬਁͰ·ڳ‬ΘΕ͍ͯͨɽͦͷΑ͏ͳాΜ΅Ͱ͸ɼՏ઒΍ഉਫ‫ػ‬৔ͷ੔උ͍ɼͳͲͱ͚ͭՃ͑Δͱࢹ࡯೶Ոͷօ͞Μ͸‫إ‬ΛχϠϦͱͤ͞ΔɽʹΑΓ஍ԼਫҐ͕௿Լ͠ɼ௕‫Ͱۺ‬΋ా২͕͑ग़དྷΔΑ͏͜ͷ༷ʹਫాΛ‫ͯݟ‬ΈΔͱɼಉ͡ถΛ࡞Δʹͯ͠΋ɼʹͳͬͨɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼਫాʹ͸ߞ൫͕‫ܗ‬੒͞Εా২‫ػ‬΍େ࠿ഓͱਫా੔උͷٕज़ֵ৽ʹͱ΋ͳ͍ɼะ৔ͱ౔৕ͷѻ‫ܕ‬ͷίϯόΠϯ͕૸ΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨɽ҉‫ڎ‬ͷ੔උʹΑΓ͍͕ܶతʹมԽ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͸ඇৗʹ‫ڵ‬ຯਂ͍ɽͦͯ͠

஍ද෇ۙͷ༨৒ਫΛഉআͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔͱɼാ࡞΍‫ס‬ಛʹ͜͜ 2ɼ3 ೥͸ɼਫాར༻ͷେ͖ͳస‫͋ʹ఺׵‬Δͱ

ా௚೻΋Մೳʹͳͬͨɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹਫా౔৕ͷ෺ཧతม

ߟ͍͑ͯΔɽ࠿ഓٕज़Ͱ͸ɼ୷ਫ௚೻Λ‫ؚ‬Ίͨ௚೻࠿ഓ

Խͷઌʹ‫ాס‬௚೻͕ࠜ෇͖࢝Ί͍ͯΔɽ͜ͷ༷ͳεχʔͷ໘ੵ͕‫͍ͯ͠૿ٸ‬Δɽਫా੔උʹؔͯ͠͸ɼ͔ͭͯશ

ΧʔҴ࡞΁ͷྲྀΕ͸ɼࠓʹͳͬͯ͠·͑͹ɼ͜Ε·Ͱͷࠃʹઌ‫ ͚ͯۦ‬1 ha ‫ن‬໛ͷେ۠ըะ৔੔උ͕։࢝͞ΕͨӦ೶ٕज़։ൃͱਫాվྑٕज़ͷਐԽʹΑΓඞવతʹग़‫ݱ‬ઋ୆ฏ໺Ͱ͸ɼ͞ΒʹҰาਐΜͩ‫ڊ‬େ۠ըะ৔੔උ͕‫ݕ‬ͨ͠ͷ͔ͱࢥΘ͞ΕΔɽͦΕ΄ͲɼҴ࡞ٕज़ɼਫాར༻

౼͞Ε͍ͯΔɽͦ͜Ͱ͸΋ͪΖΜεχʔΧʔͰग़དྷΔΑٕज़͸ண࣮ʹൃల͍ͯ͠Δɽ͏ͳ‫ాס‬௚೻΋૝ఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ͜͏ͳΔͱ๯಄ͷΑ͏࿩Λ೶Ո΁ͷࢹ࡯ରԠʹ໭͢ͱɼࢲ͸ઋ୆ฏ໺ͷ೶Ոͳए͍೶Ոͷձ࿩͕·͢·͢‫࣮ݱ‬ຯΛଳͼͯ͘Δɽͦͷʹରͯ͠ɼઋ୆ฏ໺͸‫ాס‬௚೻ͷద஍Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱΛࣗ৴ҰํͰɼզʑͷ೶‫ڀݚݧࢼۀ‬͸ɼ͜ͷେ͖ͳస‫Ͱ఺׵‬ੜຬʑʹઆ໌͢Δɽ‫ؠ‬खࢁ࿢։ా஍ଳͷΑ͏ͳ͍ΘΏΔ‫ס‬

͡Δ໰୊ʹରॲ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ͔͠͠ɼਫాར༻ٕज़

ాͰ͸ɼ࿙ਫରࡦͱͯ͠े෼ͳ௟ѹ͕ඞཁͱͳΔɽ͔͠Λ͞Βʹൃలͤ͞ΔͨΊʹ͸ɼεχʔΧʔҴ࡞ͷҰาઌ͠ɼઋ୆ฏ໺ͷΑ͏ͳ‫ݩ‬ʑഉਫෆྑͷਫాͰ͸࿙ਫͷ৺Λ‫ݟ‬ਾ͑Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ಑௕ɼ௕‫ۺ‬ɼεχʔΧʔͱ͖ͯɼ

഑͕ͳ͍ɽͦͷͨΊ࿑ྗΛ͔͚ͣͱ΋আ૲ࡎʢҰൃॲཧ࣍͸ૉ଍͔ʁ೻छ࡞‫ۀ‬͸ւ֎ͷਫҴ࡞ͷΑ͏ʹۭ͔ΒߦࡎʣͷޮՌ͕ಘΒΕΔɽΑͬͯɼ‫ాס‬௚೻Ͱ௕೥໰୊ͱ

ΘΕΔͷ͔ʁ೔ຊಠࣗͷా২‫͕͞ػ‬ΒʹਐԽ͢Δͷ͔ʁ͞Ε͍ͯΔࡶ૲໰୊Λ͋·Γ‫ࡁʹͣͤʹؾ‬Ήɽ҉‫ڎ‬Λར౳ͱߟ͑Δͱඇৗʹָ͍͠ɽࠓ‫ޙ‬ɼ൴ΒͷΑ͏ͳεχʔ༻ͯ͠य़ઌͷ‫ాס‬ΛಘΔ͜ͱʹઐ೦͢Δ͚ͩͰ͍͍ͷͰΧʔҴ࡞೶Ոͱ৽ͨͳऔΓ૊ΈΛਐΊͳ͕ΒɼͦͷઌΛ͋Δɽ͔ͭͯഉਫෆྑʹۤ͠Μͩ࣪ా஍ଳ͸ɼ‫ాס‬௚೻‫ۃݟ‬Ί͍͖͍ͯͨɽ

ͷద஍΁ͱมΘΓͭͭ͋ΔɽͦͷΑ͏ͳཧ༝΋‫ؚ‬Ίͯɼ᭩ࠉホ

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

Book reviews

No. 126, p.79 ∼ 80 (2014)๺ւಓͷ‫ؾ‬৅ͱ೶‫ۀ‬೔ຊ೶‫ؾۀ‬৅ֶձ๺ւಓࢧ෦
๺ւಓ৽ฉࣾ 2012 ೥ 11 ݄ 21 ೔ൃߦ

A5 ൛ 382 ท ISBN978-4-89453-673-9 ఆՁຊମ 2,000 ԁ + ੫ຊॻ͸ɼ೔ຊ೶‫ؾۀ‬৅ֶձ๺ւಓࢧ෦ͷ 60 प೥Λ‫ه‬೦΍෩ྗɼଠཅޫ͓Αͼ஍೤ΤωϧΪʔͷར༻ʹ͍ͭͯɼͯ͠ɼ౰ֶձһ΋‫ؚ‬Ήଟ͘ͷ‫ऀڀݚ‬ΒʹΑͬͯࣥච͞ΕՔಇதͷ΋ͷ͔Β༷ʑͳνϟϨϯδ·Ͱ͕঺հ͞Ε͍ͯͨɽ๺ւಓͷ‫ؾ · ީؾ‬৅ͷಛ௃ʹ͍ͭͯɼ೶‫ۀ‬΍ࣗવੜ

Δɽͦͯ͠ɼίετ΍ΤωϧΪʔޮ཰ͷ‫͔఺؍‬ΒɼͲ͜ଶ‫ͱܥ‬ͷਂ͍ؔ܎ʹয఺Λ͋ͯͨղઆͰ͋Δɽઐ໳త஌

ʹ໰୊఺͕͋Δ͔ʹ͍ͭͯஸೡʹௐ΂ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ͍ۙࣝ͸ฏқʹղઆ͞Ε͓ͯΓɼҰൠಡऀʹ΋Θ͔Γ΍͍͢ɽকདྷɼ͜͜Ͱ੔ཧ͞Εͨ໰୊͕ղܾ͞ΕɼΤωϧΪʔ‫ͱݯ‬๺ࠃͷౙ͸௕͍ɽ௕͍ౙΛ৐Γӽ͑ɼཅय़͔Β൩ळ·ͯ͠‫͞༻׆‬ΕΔ‫ػ‬ձ͕૿͑ΔͷͰ͸ͱ‫ظ‬଴ͤ͞ΒΕΔɽ

Ͱͷ୹͍࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬Λ͍͔ʹ༗ޮʹ‫͢༻׆‬Δ͔ͱ͍͏޻෉

ୈ 6 ষͷʮকདྷͷ๺ւಓͷ‫ؾ‬৅ͱ೶‫ۀ‬ʯͰ͸ɼকདྷͷͱ౒ྗ͕ɼ๛෋ͳऩ֭Λ΋ͨΒ͢ɽ͔͠͠ɼͻͱͨͼྫྷ๺ւಓͷ‫ؾ‬৅ɼ೶‫͓ۀ‬Αͼࣗવʹ͍ͭͯ‫͞ه‬Ε͍ͯΔɽ֐ʹ‫ݟ‬෣ΘΕΔͱऩྔ͸ܹ‫͠ݮ‬ɼੜ࢈ऀΛམ୾ͤ͞Δɽࠓ‫ޙ‬༧ଌ͞ΕΔԹஆԽʹର͢ΔదԠࡦ΍ԹࣨޮՌΨεഉ௕͍ྺ࢙ͷͳ͔Ͱɼ౓ॏͳΔྫྷ֐ʹઈཱ͑ͣͪ޲͔͍ɼ

ग़؇࿨ࡦΛߨ͡ͳ͕Βɼ࣌ં๚ΕΔྫྷ֐ͷରࡦ΋ߟྀʹ·ͨ͸‫ؾ͍͠ݫ‬৅‫ڥ؀‬Λ΋͏·͘‫͠༻׆‬ɼ೶‫ۀ‬ੜ࢈ΛೖΕ͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽকདྷͷ‫ؾ‬৅ · ‫ʹީؾ‬ର͢Δ࠷

ߦ͖ͬͯͨ๺ւಓͷ೶‫ʹۀ‬͸‫ײ‬෰͢Δɽ

దͳ೶‫ۀ‬ੜ࢈΍؇࿨ٕज़ͷ։ൃʹΉ͚ͯͷ৘೤͕఻Θͬ

ୈ 1 ষͷʮ๺ւಓͰ͍·ɼԿ͕‫͍͖ͯى‬Δͷ͔ʯͰ͸ɼ

ͯ͘Δɽྫྷྋͳ஍Ͱ͋Δ๺ւಓͰ͸ྫྷ֐ରࡦ͕ॏཁͰ͕͋ͬͨɼ

ಛʹຊॻͰຊֶձһ͕໨ΛҾ߲͘໨͸ɼୈ 1 ষ 3 અͷۙ೥͸ԹஆԽͷӨ‫ڹ‬΋ࠩ͠ഭ͖͍ͬͯͯΔ͜ͱ͕ɼ࣮ྫ

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ͕೶‫ݱۀ‬৔ͰԠ༻͞Ε͍ͯΔʮ໺ྑΠϞʯΛ΋ͱʹ঺հ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽྫྷ֐ͷΈͳΒͣԹஆԽ΁ͷదରࡦͷʮઇׂΓʯͰ͸ͳ͍ͩΖ͏͔ɽʮ໺ྑΠϞʯͱ͸ɼԠʹ͍ͭͯ΋ɼ͏·͘ରॲ͍ͯ͜͠͏ͱ͢Δ޻෉ͱҙ‫ؾ‬ेউ஍ํͷδϟΨΠϞऩ֭‫ޙ‬ͷാʹ͓͍ͯɼલ೥౓ͷऩࠐΈ͕ਵॴʹ‫͑ݟ‬Δɽ֭࣌ʹ͜΅ΕͨখΠϞ͕ժΛग़͠ࡶ૲Խͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋

ୈ 2 ষͷʮ๺ւಓͷ‫ؾ‬৅ · ‫ࣗͱީؾ‬વʯͰ͸ɼ๺ւಓΔɽ͔ͭͯ͸ɼ‫͍͠ݫ‬ౙͷ‫Ͱڥ؀‬ౚࢮͨ͠ΠϞ͕ɼ౔৕ͷ‫ؾ‬৅ · ‫ީؾ‬෩౔ͷࣗવͱͷؔΘΓ΍ͦͷࣗવΛ‫࡞ܗ‬Δౚ݁ਂ͕ઙ͘ͳΓӽౙՄೳͱͳΔ͜ͱͰࡶ૲Խ͢Δ‫ݱ‬৅ಛ௃͕ɼ‫ؾ‬৅ · ‫ީؾ‬ͷϝΧχζϜͱͱ΋ʹஸೡʹղઆ͞

Ͱ͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱɼౙͷੵઇ࣌‫ʹظ‬ɼஅ೤࡞༻ͷ͋ΔઇΛΕ͍ͯΔɽ࡞‫ػۀ‬ցͰ͔͖෼͚ɼ౔Λ࿐ग़ͯ͠ౚ݁Λଅਐͤ͞Δํ

ୈ 3 ষͷʮ‫ީؾྫྷפ‬ͷࠀ෰ʯͰ͸ɼ๺ւಓͷ೶‫͕ۀ‬ɼ๏ΛʮઇׂΓʯͱ͍͏ɽ·ͣɼ͜ͷʮ໺ྑΠϞʯʮઇׂΓʯ‫ީؾྫྷפ‬Λࠀ෰͖ͯͨ͠ྺ࢙ͱɼ‫ؾʹٯ‬৅ · ‫ީؾ‬Λར༻ͱ͍͏ωʔϛϯά͕਌͠Έ΍͘͢ɼ͢͹Β͍͠ɽରࡦٕ

͢Δ͜ͱͰ೶‫ʹۀ‬རӹΛ΋ͨΒ͖ͯͨ͜͠ͱΛཧղͰ͖ज़Λ೶‫ݱۀ‬৔Ͱී‫ͤ͞ٴ‬Α͏ͱ͋͑ͯ਌͠Έ΍͍͢‫ݴ‬༿Δɽ͜ͷࠀ෰͢ΔաఔͰ༷ʑͳٕज़͕։ൃ͞Ε͖ͯͨͩΛબΜͩ޻෉͕͏͔͕͑ΔɽͪͳΈʹຊॻͰ͸৮ΕΒΕ͚Ͱͳ͘ɼͦͷଟ͕͘‫ݱ‬৔Ͱ‫͞༻׆‬Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͔Β΋ɼ͍ͯͳ͍͕ɼ͜ͷ๷আ๏Λɼʮ໺ྑΠϞୀ࣏ʯͱ‫ͱ͜Ϳݺ‬๺ւಓͷ೶‫͚͔ʹۀ‬Δ৘೤͕֞ؒ‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔɽ

΋͋ΔΑ͏ͰɼͳΜͱ΋νϟʔϛϯάͰ͋Δɽ೶‫ݱۀ‬৔

ୈ 4 ষͷʮ๺ւಓ೶‫ۀ‬ͷ͍·ͱ৽͍ٕ͠ज़ʯͰ͸ɼะʹ͓͚Δ౔৕ͷౚ݁ͱ͍͏ɼͲͪΒ͔ͱ͍͑͹ෛͷ࡞༻৔ͷ‫ڥ؀‬৚݅ͱ࡞෺ͷੜҭʹؔ͢Δৄࡉ͔ͭଟྔͷσʔͱ΋ࢥ͑Δ‫ݱ‬৅Λ‫ٯ‬खʹͱΓɼ໺ྑΠϞ๷আޮՌͱ͍͏

λऔಘΛՄೳͱ͢Δ ICTʢ৘ใ௨৴ٕज़ʣΛ༻͍ͨ৽͠

ਖ਼ͷ࡞༻ʹస‫ͨ͠׵‬஍ಓͳ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ஝ੵͱ‫ݱ‬৔΁ͷద༻ʹ͍೶‫ٕۀ‬ज़΍࡞෺ੜ࢈༧ଌΛத৺ʹɼলࢿ‫ݯ‬΍ౙ‫ظ‬ͷ࡞͸ਂ͍‫ײ‬໏Λ֮͑Δɽ

෺࠿ഓʹ΋৮Εͳ͕Βɼ͍·๺ւಓͰͲͷΑ͏ͳٕज़͕

͞Βʹ‫ྫྷפ‬஍ʹ͓͚Δౙ‫ق‬ͷ౔৕தͷਫ෼Ҡಈ΍ਫ෼։ൃ͞ΕԠ༻͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔ʹ͍ͭͯ঺հ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ·཰มԽ͕ɼ౔৕ͷౚ݁ͱౚ্ͱ͍ͬͨ‫ݱ‬৅ΛҾ͖‫͢͜ى‬ͨɼ࡞෺Ϟσϧ΍ ICT Λ༻͍ͨσʔλऔಘ΍ղੳख๏ͷ‫ݪ‬Ҽͱͦͷҧ͍Λ෼͔Γ΍͘͢આ໌͍ͯ͠Δ͚ͩͰͳ‫ج‬ຊతߏ଄͕ղઆ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ

͘ɼౚ্֐ରࡦͱ͍ͬͨग़‫ޱ‬Λҙࣝͨ͠‫͕ڀݚ‬ਐΊΒΕ

ୈ 5 ষͷʮ‫ݯࢿީؾ‬ͷΤωϧΪʔར༻ʯͰ͸ɼ๺ւಓ

͍ͯΔ͜ͱ΋ؔ৺ΛҾͩ͘Ζ͏ɽ͜ͷଞʹ΋ɼ౔৕தͷ΍౦๺ͳͲͷ‫ྫྷפ‬஍Ͱ‫ظ͕༻׆‬଴͞ΕΔྫྷ೤ΤωϧΪʔΨεͷੜ੒ͱͦͷ‫ڍ‬ಈɼ೶‫ۀ‬ੜ࢈ʹಋೖ͕ਐΉ ICT ͳ

2013 ೥ 12 ݄ 2 ೔डߘɹ 2013 ೥ 12 ݄ 16 ೔डཧ

80౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)Ͳɼຊֶձͱؔ࿈͢Δ߲໨͕ଟ͘‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔɽ
ຊॻ͸ɼଟ਺ͷஶऀ͕ࣥච͍ͯ͠Δ֤અ͕ίϯύΫτ
ʹ·ͱΊΒΕ͍ͯΔɽͲͷઅʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɼୈ̍ύϥάϥϑ͕֤અͷ಺༰Λ୅ද͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊɼ୲౰ஶऀ͕ԿΛ఻͍͑ͨͷ͔͕Α͘Θ͔Δɽ·ͨɼશମͱͯ͠ͷ·ͱ·Γ΋ྑ͘େมಡΈ΍͍͢ͷ͕ಛ௃Ͱ͋ΔɽӓҪ༃ߒʢಠཱߦ੓๏ਓɹ೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣ఍̬ົ̬ሗ̬࿌
ٞࣄ಺༰
1. ٞ୊

I. 2013ʢH25ʣ೥౓ୈ 5 ճฤूҕһձ։࠵‫ࣜܗ‬ɿిࢠձٞ

ʢ1ʣฤूҕһ௕ΑΓఏҊͷ͋ͬͨʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧ࣌ɿ࣭ٙԠ౴ · ౼࿦೔

ੑ 126 ߸ʯͷൃߦ‫ܭ‬ը͕શձҰகͰঝೝ͞

2014 ೥ 2 ݄ 9 ೔ ∼ 2 ݄ 17 ೔

Εͨɽ

࠾ܾ

ʢ2ʣֶձࢽͷిࢠԽʹؔ࿈ͯ͠౤ߘཁྖ΍ϑΝ2014 ೥ 2 ݄ 18 ೔ ∼ 2 ݄ 21 ೔ΠϧαΠζɼެ։ํ๏౳Λٞ࿦͠ɼ‫ܧ‬ଓٞग़੮ҕһɿऔग़ɼߐ‫ޱ‬ɼখਿɼᴡ౻ɼઍ༿ɼ௼ాɼ
த઒ɼத໺ɼ‫ڮ‬ຊɼ‫ٶ‬ຊɼࢁ‫ޱ‬

୊ͱͨ͠ɽ

2. ใࠂ

ʢҕһ 11 ໊த 11 ໊ࢀՃɿ੒ཱʣ

ʢ1ʣฤू‫ࣄװ‬ΑΓɼ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷӾಡͷਐߦঢ়‫͕گ‬ใࠂ͞Εͨɽ

II. 2012 ೥౓ձ‫ܭ‬ऩೖ · ࢧग़ܾࢉͱձ‫ܭ‬ใࠂ

ࣗ 2012. 4. 1
ࢸ 2013. 3.31ʢࢍॿձһձඅऩೖͷΈ 2013.4.30 ·Ͱʣ

ऩೖͷ෦
߲ɹɹ໨

༧ࢉֹ

ܾࢉֹ

૿ɹɹ‫ݮ‬

උɹɹߟ

‫܁‬ӽۚ

5,171,726

5,171,726

0

ਖ਼ձһձඅ

1,276,000

1,529,500

253,500ֶੜձһձඅ

79,20054,000˛ 25,200ࢍॿձඅ

126,000

270,000

144,000֎ࠃձһձඅ

17,6000

˛ 17,600

ਖ਼ɼֶੜձһʹ‫ؚ‬ΊΔɹ˞࣍೥౓ഇࢭ‫ݕ‬౼ग़൛෺ച্

350,000

337,625

˛ 12,375

ߪಡձඅԆ΂ 45 ‫ޱ‬

278 ‫× ޱ‬5,500 ԁ +500 ԁʢෆ଍෼ʣ
ֶੜʢ12 ‫× ޱ‬3,000 ԁʣ+ γχΞʢ6 ‫× ޱ‬3,000 ԁʣ˞࣍೥౓γχΞผཱͯ

7 ࣾɹ˞ 2013.4.30 ·ͰͷऩೖେձࢀՃඅ

400,000

578,500

178,500γϯϙࢀՃඅʢ96 ਓ ×2,000 ԁ =192,000 ԁʣ৘ใަ‫׵‬ձʢҰൠ 58 ਓ ×4,500 ԁ =261,000 ԁɼֶੜ 4 ਓ ×3,500 ԁ =14,000 ԁʣΤΫεΧʔγϣϯʢ44 ਓ ×2,500 ԁ +1,500 ԁ
=111,500 ԁʣࡶऩೖ379,474

427,269

47,795ผ࡮Γ౳ 350,746 ԁɼ‫ۀا‬లࣔ 25,000 ԁɼֶज़ձٞ 50,774 ԁɼ རଉ 749 ԁ

7,800,000

8,368,620

568,620߹ɹɹ‫ܭ‬˛ɿऩೖ‫ݮ‬

ࢧग़ͷ෦
߲ɹɹ໨

༧ࢉֹ

ܾࢉֹ

૿ɹɹ‫ݮ‬

උɹɹߟ

1,800,000

1,635,790

164,210

ձࢽ 120,121,122 ߸ൃߦྉ౳

૯ձɼγϯϙδ΢Ϝඅ

900,000

1,024,117

˛ 124,117

௨৴අ

50,0008,760

41,240੥‫෇ૹॻٻ‬ྉ౳จ۩අ

50,0003,562

46,438෧౵ɼϑΝΠϧ౳௞ۚ

30,00025,0005,000‫ۀ‬຿ΞϧόΠτʢ੥‫ॻٻ‬౳ൃૹɼςʔϓ‫͜͠ى‬ʣަ௨අ

200,000

201,540

˛ 1,540ަ௨අ౳ձٞඅ

50,00052,274˛ 2,274ࣄ຿‫ہ‬ձٞඅ

000ֶձ৆બߟҕһձඅ

50,00019,00031,000৆ঢ়ɾ‫ه‬೦඼୅౳બ؅ҕһձඅ

100,000

43,48956,511໊฽࡞੒ɼૹྉɼҹ࡮අ౳༧උඅ

4,570,000

20,3154,549,685

߹ɹ‫ܭ‬

7,800,000

3,033,847

4,766,153−

5,334,773−

7,800,000

8,368,620

568,620ձࢽ੡࡞අฤूҕһձඅ

࣍೥౓‫܁‬ӽۚ߹ɹɹ‫ܭ‬˛ɿࢧग़૿૯ձɼγϯϙδ΢Ϝ։࠵අɼΞϧόΠτɼධٞһձɼ৘ใަ‫׵‬ձ౳ฤूؔ܎௨৴අ౳ɹ˞࣍೥౓ഇࢭ‫ݕ‬౼࿭੕࿈߹ձඅ 10,315ɼ‫ݯ‬ઘ௃ऩ෼ 10,000౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ɹ (2014)82
III. 2013 ೥౓ձ‫ܭ‬༧ࢉ

ࣗ 2013. 4. 1ʢࢍॿձһձඅऩೖͷΈ 2013.5.01 ͔Βʣࢸ 2014. 3.31

ऩೖͷ෦
߲ɹɹ໨

౰೥౓༧ࢉ

લ೥౓༧ࢉ

උɹɹߟ

‫܁‬ӽۚ

5,334,773

5,171,726

163047ਖ਼ձһձඅ

1,271,600

1,276,500

˛ 4,400γχΞձһձඅ

24,000024,00010 ਓ ×3,000×0.8=24,000ֶੜձһձඅ

91,20079,20012,00038 ਓ ×3,000×0.8=91,200

ࢍॿձඅ

144,000

126,000

18,0008 ࣾ ×22,500 ԁ ×0.8=144,000

017,600˛ 17,600

ਖ਼ɼֶੜձһʹ‫ؚ‬ΊΔɹ˞ຊ೥౓ഇࢭ

322,500

350,000

˛ 27,500ߪಡձඅ (43 ձһ*7,500=322,500)ɼ

֎ࠃձһձඅ
ग़൛෺ച্

289 ਓ ×5,500 ԁ ×0.8 =1,271,600όοΫφϯόʔചΓ্͛ɼ༻‫ࣄޠ‬యചΓ্͛େձࢀՃඅ

530,000

400,000

130,000γϯϙࢀՃඅ (80 ਓ*3,000 ԁʹ 240,000 ԁ)ɼ
‫ۀا‬లࣔʢ7*20,000 ԁ =140,000 ԁʣΤΫεΧʔγϣϯ (60 ਓ ×2,500 ԁ =150,000 ԁࡶऩೖ381,927

379,4742,453

ผ࡮Γɼ௒աϖʔδྉۚɼֶज़ձٞɼརଉ౳

߹‫ܭ‬8,100,000

7,800,000

300,000

౰೥౓༧ࢉ

લ೥౓༧ࢉ

૿ɹɹ‫ݮ‬

1,800,000

1,800,0000૯ձɼγϯϙδ΢Ϝඅ

530,000

900,000˛ 370,000

௨৴අ

50,00050,0000੥‫෇ૹॻٻ‬ྉ౳จ۩අ

50,00050,0000෧౵ɼϑΝΠϧ౳௞ۚ

30,00030,0000‫ۀ‬຿ΞϧόΠτʢ੥‫ॻٻ‬౳ൃૹɼςʔϓ‫͜͠ى‬ʣަ௨අ

200,000

200,000

0

ަ௨අ౳

ձٞඅ

50,00050,0000ධٞһձձ৔අɼࣄ຿‫ہ‬ձٞඅʢࣄ຿‫ہ‬Ҿ‫ܦ͗ܧ‬අɿຊ೥౓ແ͠ʣ

ֶձ৆બߟҕһձඅ

50,00050,0000৆ঢ়ɾ‫ه‬೦඼୅౳0

100,000

˛ 100,000

༧උඅ

5,340,000

4,570,000

770,000߹ɹ‫ܭ‬

8,100,000

7,800,000

300,000

ࢧग़ͷ෦
߲ɹɹ໨
ձࢽ੡࡞අ

બ؅ҕһձඅ

උɹɹߟ
ձࢽ 123,124,125 ߸ൃߦྉ౳
ʢ1 ߸ 500 ෦ ໿ 60 ສԁʣ૯ձɼγϯϙδ΢Ϝɼ‫ֶݟ‬ձ։࠵අɼཁࢫू୅ɼ
ΞϧόΠτ୅ɼ౳

໊฽࡞੒ɼૹྉɼҹ࡮අ౳ʢຊ೥౓ແ͠ʣ
ϗʔϜϖʔδߋ৽අ༻ɼ࿭੕࿈߹ձඅɼ
‫ݯ‬ઘ௃ऩ෼‫ؚ‬Ή˛ɿ౰೥౓‫ݮ‬V. ձһফଉʢ2014 ೥ 3 ݄ 6 ೔·Ͱɼ‫ܟ‬শུʣ

IV. 2012 ೥౓ձ‫ࠪ؂ܭ‬ใࠂ౔৕෺ཧֶձ
ձ௕ɹ೾ଟ໺ɹོհɹ఼ೖձ ਖ਼ ձ һࡔ‫ޱ‬ರୀձ ਖ਼ ձ һ

ߴԕ

޺

ֶੜձһ

‫ݹ‬୩

‫ܒ‬

‫ࡏݱ‬ձһ਺ʢ2014 ೥ 3 ݄ 6 ೔‫ࡏݱ‬ʣձ‫ࠪ؂ܭ‬ใࠂ2012 ೥౓ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶձձ‫ܭ‬ͷऩࢧܾࢉॻͳΒͼਖ਼ձһʢࠃ಺ʣ

ɿ283

ʹؔ܎ா฽ྨʹ͍ͭͯɼ2013 ೥ 5 ݄ 21 ೔ʹ‫ݫ‬ਖ਼ʹ‫؂‬ਖ਼ձһʢւ֎ʣ

ɿࠪΛߦͬͨ݁ՌɼͦΕΒͷࣥߦ͸దਖ਼Ͱ͋Γɼఏग़ͷ

γχΞձһ

ɿ 11

௨Γ૬ҧͳ͍͜ͱΛ֬ೝͨ͠ɽ

ֶੜձһʢࠃ಺ʣɿ 50

ֶੜձһʢւ֎ʣ

ɿ౔৕෺ཧֶձ

ձ‫ࠪ؂ܭ‬

6

1

ࢍॿ
ɿ 8
—————————————খ ‫ܭ‬
ɿ359
ߪಡձһ਺
ɿ 43
—————————————߹ ‫ܭ‬
ɿ402

83

—ฤ ू ‫—ه ޙ‬ઌഐ͔Β͓੠Λ͔͚ͯ௖͖ɺࠓ೥౓͔Βຊࢽͷฤूҕ͸΋ͬͱઐ໳෼໺ʹ͍ͭͯษ‫͚ͳ͠ڧ‬Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ͱվһΛͤͯ͞௖͘͜ͱʹͳͬͨɻਓੜॳͷฤूҕһͰ͋Ίͯࢥ͏ɻ࠷దͳಓ۩Λબ΅͏ͱ͍͏ஈʹͳͬͯ͞Βʹ

Δɻ͜͏ͯ͠ฤू‫هޙ‬Λॻ͍͍ͯΔͱɺࣗ෼͕ຊࢽͷߏࢲ͸௧‫͢ײ‬Δɻࢲ͸ಓ۩ʹ͍ͭͯͷ஌ࣝΛͲΕ͚ͩ΋ͬ੒ͱ͔ମࡋʹ‫ܞ‬Θ͍ͬͯΔऀͷΑ͏ʹࢥΘΕͦ͏Ͱ͋Δ

͍ͯΔͩΖ͏ɺͱɻຏ͘ͷʹ࠷దͳಓ۩͕͋ͬͨͱͯ͠

͕ͦ͏Ͱ͸ͳ͍ɻࢲ͸ࠪಡϓϩηεΛ୲౰͍ͯ͠ΔɻW

΋ࢲ͕஌Βͳ͚Ε͹બ͹ΕΔ͜ͱ͸ͳ͍ɻࢲ͸͜ͷ෼໺ࢯ͔Βͷࢦྩͱͱ΋ʹૹΒΕΔ౤ߘ‫ʹߘݪ‬ରͯࠪ͠ಡऀ

ͷ‫ڀݚ‬΍‫ʹऀڀݚ‬΋ͬͱؔ৺Λ࣋ͪɺؔΘΓΛਂΊ͍ͯΛܾΊɺ౤ߘऀͱࠪಡऀͷؒʹೖͬͯ‫ࡌܝ‬࿦จ΁ͱ࡞Γ͘ඞཁ͕͋ΔͱվΊͯࢥ͏ɻ্͍͛ͯ͘෦෼Ͱ͋Δɻ·ͩ୲౰࿦จ͸ҰͭೋͭͰ͋Δ
͕ɺ͜͜ʹॴ‫ײ‬Λड़΂͍ͨͱࢥ͏ɻ

ֶձͷҰॿʹͳΔͷͳΒͱࢥ͍ɺौʑ࢝Ίͨ࢓ࣄͰ͋
Δ͕ɺࣗ෼Λ΋ͬͱߴΊͳ͍ͱຏ͍͍ͯΔͷ͔ຏ͔Εͯࠪಡϓϩηε͸ɺ·ͩૈ͞ͷ࢒Δ౤ߘ࿦จͱ͍͏ૉࡐ

͍Δͷ͔෼͔Βͳ͘ͳΓͦ͏ͩͱࢥ͍࢝Ί͍ͯΔɻࣗ෼Λࢴ໘Λ০Δʹ;͞Θ͍͠࡞඼ʹຏ্͖͛ΔաఔͰ͋ΔΛߴΊΔ͜ͱ͕ࡶࢽͷ࣭ΛߴΊΔ͜ͱʹ௚݁͢Δͱࢥͱࢲ͸ଊ͍͑ͯΔɻࢲ͸ࡐྉΛલʹͯ͠ɺຏ͘ͷʹ࠷ద͍ɺࠓ‫ޙ‬΋‫ۓ‬ு‫ײ‬Λ࣋ͬͯ͜ͷ࢓ࣄʹ‫ܞ‬Θ͍͖͍ͬͯͨɻ

ͳಓ۩ʢద೚ऀʣΛબ୒͢Δཱ৔ʹ͋Δɻͦ͜Ͱࢲ͸௧ࢲ͸੠Λ͔͚ͯ͘Εͨઌഐʹ‫͚ͳ͠ँײ‬Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ͱ‫͢ײ‬Δɻࢲ͸ͦͷૉࡐʹ͍ͭͯͲΕ͚ͩͷ͜ͱΛ஌ͬͯࢥ͏ɻ͍ΔͩΖ͏ɺͱɻૉࡐʹ͍ͭͯͷे෼ͳ஌͕ࣝͳͯ͘͸ͦΕΛຏ͘ͷʹ;͞Θ͍͠ಓ۩ΛબͿࣄ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɻࢲ

௼ాཽ໵ʢฤूҕһʣ౔৕෺ཧֶձ
ࣄ຿‫ߏہ‬੒ձ௕෭ ձ ௕ॸ຿‫ࣄװ‬
ձ‫ࣄװܭ‬
ฤू‫ࣄװ‬
ձ‫ࠪ؂ܭ‬

ฤूҕһձ

ҕ һ ௕
ҕ
һ

ߔ‫ޱ‬
উ
٢઒
লࢠ
٢ా मҰ࿠
੢ଜ
୓
੢ా
࿨߂
౉ล
৾ੜ
٢ഭ
޺
ُࢁ
޾࢘
औग़
৳෉
ߐ‫ޱ‬
ఆ෉
খਿ ‫ݡ‬Ұ࿕
ᴡ౻
஧ਉ
ઍ༿
ࠀ‫ݾ‬
௼ా
ཽ໵
த઒
‫ܒ‬
த໺
‫ࢠܙ‬
‫ڮ‬ຊ
༸ฏɹ
‫ٶ‬ຊ
ًਔ
ࢁ‫ޱ‬
‫ࢠل‬

ʢ౦‫ژ‬େֶʣ
ʢʢಠʣ೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣʢ౦‫ژ‬େֶʣ
ʢ౦‫ژ‬େֶʣ
ʢ౦‫ژ‬େֶʣ
ʢࡾॏେֶʣ
ʢʢಠʣ೶‫ · ۀ‬৯඼࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़૯߹‫ߏػڀݚ‬ʣʢʢಠʣ೶‫ · ۀ‬৯඼࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़૯߹‫ߏػڀݚ‬ʣʢࡾॏେֶʣ
ʢʢಠʣ೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣʢ‫౎ژ‬େֶʣ
ʢௗऔେֶʣ
ʢ‫ٶ‬৓େֶʣ
ʢʢಠʣ৿ྛ૯߹‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣʢ௕࡚େֶʣ
ʢʢಠʣ೶‫ · ۀ‬৯඼࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़૯߹‫ߏػڀݚ‬ʣʢ౦‫ژ‬೶޻େֶʣ
ʢʢಠʣ೶‫ · ۀ‬৯඼࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़૯߹‫ߏػڀݚ‬ʣʢʢಠʣ೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣ೥౓͔ΒదԠ͢Δ͕ɼ౰֘೥౓தʹ༗ࢿ֨ͱͳͬͨ৔߹
͸ɼ࣍೥౓͔ΒదԠ͢Δɽ
ୈ 1 ৚ ຊֶձ͸౔৕෺ཧֶձʢJapanese Society of Soil Physicsʣ 3ʣγχΞձһͷ‫ݖ‬ར͸ਖ਼ձһʹ४ͣΔɽͨͩ͠ɼձଇୈ 6
ͱশ͢Δɽ৚ͰఆΊΔ໾һ͓Αͼୈ 9 ৚ͰఆΊΔҕһձҕһʹब͘
ୈ 2 ৚ ຊֶձ͸౔৕෺ཧʹؔ͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬ͷਐาͱී‫ٴ‬ΛਤΓɼ೶‫ۀ‬͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɽ
ʢ2011.10.28 ੍ఆʣٕज़͓Αͼ‫ڥ؀‬Պֶͷൃలʹߩ‫͢ݙ‬Δ͜ͱΛ໨తͱ͢Δɽ
ୈ 3 ৚ ຊֶձ͸ͦͷ໨తΛୡ੒͢ΔͨΊʹ࣍ͷࣄ‫ۀ‬Λߦ͏.
ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ౤ߘ‫ن‬ఆ
ʢ1ʣ‫ൃڀݚ‬දձɼ౼࿦ձ͓Αͼ‫ֶݟ‬ձͳͲͷ։࠵
ʢ2ʣֶձࢽʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʢJournal of the Japanese Society
1. ච಄ஶऀ͸ຊֶձձһͰ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
of Soil Physicsʣʯฒͼʹͦͷଞͷҹ࡮෺ͷൃߦ
2. ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ۠෼ͱ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδ͸Լ‫ʹه‬ΑΔɽ
ʢ3ʣ಺֎ͷ‫ڀݚ‬ɼٕज़ͷަྲྀ͓Αͼଞͷֶձɼॾஂମͱͷ‫ྗڠ‬1ʣʮ࿦จʯʢOriginal papersʣɿಠ૑ੑ͕͋Γɼ౔৕
ʢ4ʣ༏Εͨ࿦จʹର͢Δදজͷ෺ཧੑʹؔ͢Δ‫͓ڀݚ‬Αͼٕज़ͷਐาʹ‫د‬༩͢Δ
ʢ5ʣͦͷଞɼຊֶձͷ໨తΛୡ੒͢ΔͨΊʹඞཁͳࣄ‫ۀ‬ͱ‫͞ͳݟ‬ΕΔ΋ͷɽҰฤ͝ͱʹ࿦จͱͯ͠ͷߏ੒Λ
ୈ 4 ৚ ຊֶձͷձһ͸ɼਖ਼ձһɼγχΞձһʢ͜Ε·Ͱਖ਼ձһ੔͍͑ͯͯɼଞࢽʹະൃදͷ΋ͷʹ‫ݶ‬Δɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔͰ͋ͬͯ 60 ࡀҎ্ͷৗ‫ۈ‬৬ʹब͍͍ͯͳ͍ऀʣ
ɼֶੜձδΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 6 ϖʔδҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽһ͓Αͼࢍॿձһɼߪಡձһͷ 5 छͱ͢Δɽֶձ΁ͷೖ
2ʣʮ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτʯʢNotesʣɿ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʹؔ͢Δ৽ձ·ͨ͸ୀձͷࡍ͸ɼຊֶձʹಧ͚ग़ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɽ͍͠ࣄ࣮΍‫ํڀݚ‬๏ͷվྑͳͲͷ୹͍ใࠂͰɼಠ૑
ୈ 5 ৚ ձһ͸࣍ͷձඅΛॴఆͷ‫ظ‬೔·ͰʹೲΊΔ΋ͷͱ͢Δɽ
ੑ͕͋Γଞࢽʹະൃදͷ΋ͷɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 4 ϖʔδҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽ
5,500 ԁਖ਼ձһ೥ֹ3ʣʮ૯આʯ
ʢReviewsʣɿ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʹؔ͢Δओ୊ʹγχΞձһ೥ֹɹɹ ɹ 3,000 ԁ͍ͭͯɼͦΕ·Ͱͷ‫ڀݚ‬Λ૯‫ׅ͠‬ɼࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷൃలํ޲3,000 ԁֶੜձһ೥ֹΛల๬͢Δ΋ͷɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 6 ϖʔδʢେֶӃੜΛ‫ؚ‬ΉʣҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽ
22,500 ԁࢍॿձһҰ‫ޱ‬೥ֹ
4ʣʮղઆʯ
ʢLecturesʣɿ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʹؔ͢Δॾࣄ߲
7,500 ԁߪಡձһձࢽ೥ֹͷཧղΛ‫ܭ‬ΔͨΊͷฏқͳղઆɼͳΒͼʹ‫ٕڀݚ‬ज़
15,000 ԁ޿ࠂྉࢍॿձһͷී‫׵ަٴ‬ΛਐΊΔͨΊͷ঺հͳͲɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛࢍॿձһҎ֎
22,500 ԁ࡮Γ্͕Γ 6 ϖʔδҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽ
5
ʣʮ‫঺ڀݚ‬հʯʢMy researchʣɿ‫͍ͯͬߦࡏݱ‬Δ‫ڀݚ‬ɼ
ୈ 6 ৚ ຊֶձʹ࣍ͷ໾һΛ͓͘ɽ೚‫ظ‬͸ 2 ೥ͱ͢Δɽͨͩ͠ɼ
ଞͷֶձࢽ౳ʹ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͨ࿦จɼ‫্ڀݚ‬ͷ޻෉ͳͲ
3 ‫ظ‬࿈ଓͷॏ೚͸ೝΊͳ͍ɽબग़ํ๏͸࣍ʹΑΔɽ
ʹ͍ͭͯͷฏқͳ঺հɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 6
ʢ1ʣձ௕ 1 ໊ɼ෭ձ௕ 1 ໊ɼฤूҕһ௕ 1 ໊ϖʔδҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽਖ਼ձһͷத͔ΒධٞһձʹΑͬͯબग़͞ΕΔɽ
6ʣʮࢿྉʯ
ʢMiscellaneousʣɿ޿͘ձһͷࢀߟͱͳΔ
ʢ2ʣධٞһ
ใࠂ΍৘ใɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 6 ϖʔδҎ಺Π 15 ໊ɹਖ਼ձһͷத͔Βબ‫ʹڍ‬Αͬͯબग़͞ΕΔɽ
ͱ͢Δɽ
ϩ 3 ໊Ҏ಺Λձ௕͕ਖ਼ձһͷத͔Βҕ৤͢Δɽ
7ʣʮ౔ཻࢠʯʢReaders’ columnʣɿʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯʢ3ʣձ‫ ࠪ؂ܭ‬2 ໊पลͷ͜ͱʹ͍ͭͯͷਵ૝΍ҙ‫Ͳͳݟ‬ɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδਖ਼ձһͷத͔ΒධٞһձʹΑͬͯબग़͞ΕΔɽΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 2 ϖʔδҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽ
ʢ4ʣ‫ࣄװ‬ए‫໊ׯ‬8ʣʮߨ࠲ʯ
ʢLecture seriesʣɿʮղઆʯͱຊ࣭తͳҧ͍ए‫໊ׯ‬ͷॸ຿ɼձ‫ܭ‬ɼฤूͷ‫ࣄװ‬Λձ௕͕ҕ৤͢Δɽ
͸ͳ͍͕ɼಛʹฤूҕһձ͕‫ا‬ըͯ͠ෳ਺ճʹΘ
ୈ 7 ৚ ձ௕͸ຖ೥ 1 ճҎ্૯ձฒͼʹධٞһձΛটू͢Δɽ
ͨͬͯߦ͏΋ͷΛࢦ͢ɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 6
ʢ1ʣ૯ձ͸ຊֶձͷ࠷ߴܾٞ‫ͯͬ͋Ͱؔػ‬ɼࣄ‫ܭۀ‬ըɼ༧ࢉ ·ϖʔδҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽ
ܾࢉɼձଇͷมߋ౳Λܾఆ͢Δɽ૯ձ͸ਖ਼ձһɼγχΞ9ʣʮಛूʯ
ʢTopicsʣ
ɿ
ʮղઆʯ
ɼ
ʮ૯આʯ
ɼ
ʮ࿦จʯ
ɼ
ʮ‫ڀݚ‬
ձһ͓ΑͼֶੜձһͰߏ੒͞ΕΔɽϊʔτʯ͕ࠞࡏͨ͠΋ͷͰɼಛʹฤूҕһձ͕‫ا‬ըʢ2ʣධٞһձ͸ɼձһͷબ‫ʹڍ‬ΑΒͳ͍໾һͷબग़ɼ૯ձٞ
ͯ͠ෳ਺ճʹΘͨͬͯߦ͏΋ͷΛࢦ͢ɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδҊɼͦͷଞͷॏཁࣄ߲Λ‫ݕ‬౼͢Δɽධٞһձͷٞ௕͸ձΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 6 ϖʔδҎ಺ʢʮ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτʯͰ͸ 4௕͕͜Εʹ͋ͨΔɽϖʔδҎ಺ʣͱ͢Δɽ
ʢ3ʣ૯ձ͓Αͼධٞһձͷܾٞ͸ҕ೚ঢ়Λ‫ؚ‬Ήଟ਺ܾͱ͢Δɽ
10ʣʮॻධʯʢBook reviewsʣɿ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛ࡮Γ্͕ͨͩ͠ɼձଇͷมߋ͸ɼ૯ձग़੮ऀͷ 3 ෼ͷ 2 Ҏ্ͷࢍ
Γ 2 ϖʔδҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽ
੒Λཁ͢Δɽ
11ʣʮ‫ר‬಄‫ݴ‬ʯʢForewordʣɿ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ
ୈ 8 ৚ ຊֶձͷձ຿͸ɼධٞһձ͓Αͼ૯ձͷٞΛ‫ͯܦ‬ɼձ௕ɼ
2 ϖʔδҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽ
෭ձ௕ɼฤूҕһ௕͓Αͼ‫͕͜ࣄװ‬ΕΛࣥߦ͢Δɽձ຿
ͳ͓ɼ্‫۠ه‬෼ʹ͓͍ͯɼฤूҕһձ͕ձһ·ͨ͸ࣥߦʹඞཁͳ‫ن‬ఔ͸ผʹఆΊΔɽձһҎ֎ʹ౤ߘґཔ͢Δ͜ͱ͕͋Δɽ
ୈ 9 ৚ ຊֶձʹ࣍ͷҕһձΛ͓͘ɽ
3. ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ࠾൱͸ฤूҕһձ͕ܾఆ͢Δɽฤूҕһձ͸ɼʮ࿦ʢ1ʣબ‫ڍ‬؅ཧҕһձจʯ͓Αͼʮ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτʯʹ͍ͭͯ͸ 2 ໊ɼͦͷଞͷ౤ߘਖ਼ձһͷத͔ΒධٞһձʹΑͬͯબग़͞Εɼຊֶձͷධ‫ʹߘݪ‬͸ 1 ໊ͷӾಡऀΛબΜͰӾಡΛґཔ͢Δɽͨͩ͠ɼ
ٞһબ‫ڍ‬Λ؅ཧ͢Δɽ
ʮ౔ཻࢠʯ
ɼ
ʮॻධʯ
ɼ
ʮ‫ר‬಄‫ݴ‬ʯʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼ͜ͷ‫ݶ‬ΓͰͳ͍ɽ
ʢ2ʣฤूҕһձ
4. ౤ߘ‫ ͕ߘݪ‬2ɽʹ‫ن͢ه‬ఆϖʔδΛӽ͑Δ৔߹ʹ͸ɼ1ਖ਼ձһͷத͔ΒධٞһձʹΑͬͯબग़͞ΕΔҕһʹΑͬϖʔδ͋ͨΓ 15,000 ԁΛஶऀෛ୲ͱ͢Δɽͨͩ͠ɼฤ
ͯߏ੒͞Εɼֶձࢽͦͷଞͷҹ࡮෺ͷฤूʹ౰ͨΔɽ
ूҕһձ͕ձһ·ͨ͸ձһҎ֎ʹ౤ߘґཔͨ͠‫ߘݪ‬ͷ৔ʢ3ʣֶձ৆બߟҕһձ߹͸͜ͷ‫ݶ‬ΓͰͳ͍ɽ·ͨɼΧϥʔҹ࡮ͷ৔߹͸࣮අΛਖ਼ձһͷத͔ΒධٞһձʹΑͬͯબग़͞ΕΔҕһʹΑͬஶऀෛ୲ͱ͢Δɽ
ͯߏ੒͞Εɼֶձ৆Λબߟ͢Δɽ
5. ౤ߘ͢Δ৔߹͸ɺ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ʢຊจɼਤද‫ؚ‬Ήʣ͓Αͼ‫ݪ‬
ୈ 10 ৚ ຊֶձͷ‫ܦ‬අ͸ձඅͦͷଞͷऩೖΛ࣋ͬͯ͋ͯΔɽຊֶߘૹΓঢ়ʢผࢴॻࣜʣͷ PDF ϑΝΠϧΛฤूҕһ௕Ѽձͷձ‫ܭ‬೥౓͸ຖ೥ 4 ݄ 1 ೔ʹ࢝·Γཌ೥ 3 ݄ 31 ೔
ʹఏग़͢Δɽͨͩ͠ɺฤूҕһձ͕ผ్ࢦࣔͨ͠৔߹͸ʹऴΘΔɽ͜ͷ‫ݶ‬ΓͰ͸ͳ͍ɽෟଇ
6. ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬Λड͚෇͚ͨ৔߹ɼฤूҕһձ͸଎΍͔ʹड෇൪
ʢ1ʣຊֶձͷ࿈བྷઌ͸ɼ͜ΕΛ౰෼ͷؒ࣍ʹஔ͘ɽ߸ͱड෇೔෇Λ໌ࣔͨ͠ిࢠϝʔϧ·ͨ͸ॻঢ়Λ౤ߘऀʹ
ɹ˟113-8657 ɹ౦‫౎ژ‬จ‫۠ژ‬໻ੜ 1-1-1
ૹΔɽ·ͨɼ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ‫ࡌܝ‬Λܾఆͨ͠৔߹ɼ࠷ऴ‫ߘݪ‬Λɹ౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պɹ಺डྖͨ͠ͷͪʹडཧ೔෇Λ໌ࣔͨ͠ॻঢ়Λஶऀʹૹ෇͢Δɽ
ʢ2ʣຊձଇ͸ɼ2011 ೥ 4 ݄ 1 ೔ΑΓࢪߦ͢Δɽ
ʢ2011.10.28 վਖ਼ʣ 7. ஶऀʹରͯ͠मਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ‫͕ߘݪ‬ɼಛผͳࣄ৘ͳ͘ 6 ϲ݄Ҏ಺ʹ࠶ఏग़͞Εͳ͍ͱ͖͸औΓԼ͛ͱ‫͢ͳݟ‬ɽࡉଇ
8. ஶऀߍਖ਼͸ॳߍͷΈͱ͢Δɽ·ͨɼಛʹਃ͠ग़͕ͳ͍‫ݶ‬ʢ1ʣγχΞձһΓҹ࡮ͣΈͷ‫ߘݪ‬͸ฦ͞ͳ͍ɽ
1ʣγχΞձһ͸ɼ͜Ε·Ͱਖ਼ձһͰ͋ͬͯ 60 ࡀҎ্ͷৗ
9. ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͨ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ PDF ϑΝΠϧΛஶऀʹଃఄ͢Δɽ·‫ۈ‬৬ʹब͍͍ͯͳ͍ऀ
ͨɼஶऀ͸ผ࡮ΓΛҹ࡮‫͔ऀۀ‬Βߪೖ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ2ʣγχΞձһ΁ͷมߋ͸ɼࢿ֨Λ༗͢Δձһ͔ΒͷਃࠂΛड͚ɼධٞһձͷঝೝΛड͚Δɽ‫ݪ‬ଇͱͯ͠ਃࠂ͞Εͨ 10. ຊࢽʹ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͨ‫ߘݪ‬ͷஶ࡞‫ݖ‬͸౔৕෺ཧֶձʹ‫ؼ‬ଐ͢Δɽ
ʢ2012.12. 20 վਖ਼ʣ౔৕෺ཧֶձձଇ

ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ‫ࣥߘݪ‬චཁྖશൠతࣄ߲

1. ‫ߘݪ‬͸ɼ೔ຊ‫ͨ·ޠ‬͸ӳ‫ࣥͰޠ‬ච͢Δɽ
2. ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ߘݪ‬͸ɼA4 ൑ɼ25 ࣈɼ26 ߦͱ͠ɼ্Լࠨӈʹ 30 mm Ҏ্ͷ༨നΛͱΔʢ4 ຕͰ 1 ϖʔδʹͳΔʣɽ
3. ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ͷ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ʢͨͩ͠ɼॻධ͸আ͘ʣ͸ɼ͸͡Ίʹ

26. Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬ͷॻ͖ํ͸ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹ͢Δɽ
< ࡶࢽ >
৿ຊɹ૱, Ӭాɹम, ઒ຊɹ݈, ௕୩઒पҰ (2009): ట୸ྛ౔৕ͷԹࣨޮՌΨεͷੜ੒ͱফࣦɽ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɼ113: 3-12.
Fujimaki, H., Ando, Y., Cui, Y. and Inoue, M. (2008):
Parameter estimation of root water uptake model
under salinity stress. Vadose Zone Journal, 7: 3138.
Millington, R.J. and Quirk, J.P. (1959): Permeability of porous media. Nature, 183: 387-388, doi:
10.1038/183387a0.
Bitteli, M., Flury, M. and Campbell, G.S. (2003): A
thermo dielectric analyzer to measure the freezing and moisture characteristic of porous media. Water Resour. Res., 39(2): W1041, doi:
10.1029/2001WR000930.
< ୯ߦຊ >
Tinker, P.B. and Nye, P.H. (2000): Solute movementin the rhizosphere, p.308. Oxford University Press,
New York.
౔৕‫ڥ؀‬෼ੳ๏ฤूҕһձฤ (1997): ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬෼ੳ๏,
pp.129-138. ത༑ࣾ, ౦‫ژ‬.
দ৿‫( ࣏ݎ‬2005): ஍ཧ৘ใγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ஠ૉෛՙ༧
ଌϞσϧ. ೾ᆽ໺ོհ · ‫ݘ‬෬࿨೭ฤɹଓ · ‫ڥ؀‬ෛՙΛ༧ଌ͢Δ, pp. 60-79. ത༑ࣾ, ౦‫ژ‬.
Jury, W.A. (1996): Stochastic solute transport modeling trends and their potential compatibility with
GIS. In Corwin, D.L. and Loague, K. (ed.) Application of GIS to the modeling of non-point source
pollutants in the vadose zone, pp.57-67. SSSA Special Publication No. 48, Madison.
<Web ϖʔδ >FAO-AGL (2000): Global extent and location of sodic
soils. Available at http://www.fao.org/ag/AGL/agll/prosoil/sodic.html.ʢ֬ೝ೥݄೔ʣ
໺ࡊ஡‫( ॴڀݚۀ‬2006): ໺ࡊͷ঳ࢎΠΦϯ௿‫ݮ‬ԽϚχϡΞϧ. http://vegetea.naro.affrc.go.jp/joho/manual/shousan/index.html.ʢ֬ೝ೥݄೔ʣ
ʢࡶࢽͷϖʔδʹ͸ p. ΍ pp. Λ͚ͭͳ͍ɽຊͷ୯਺ϖʔδΛࣔ͢৔߹ʹ͸ p.ɼෳ਺ϖʔδΛࣔ͢৔߹ʹ͸pp. Λ͚ͭΔʣ೔ຊ‫Ͱޠ‬ද୊ɼஶऀ໊Λॻ͖ɼͦͷ͋ͱʹӳ‫Ͱޠ‬ද୊ͱஶऀ໊ʢϑϧωʔϜʣΛॻ͍͔ͯΒຊจΛॻ͖࢝ΊΔɽӳ‫ޠ‬ͷද୊͸ɼ๯಄ͷ୯‫ޠ‬ͷ಄จࣈͷΈΛେจࣈͱ͠ɼ
ͦΕҎ߱͸‫ݻ‬༗໊ࢺ౳ɼಛʹେจࣈ͕ඞཁͳ৔߹Λআ͖ɼશͯখจࣈͱ͢Δɽӳ‫ޠ‬ͷஶऀ໊͸໊ͷ 1 จࣈ໨͓Αͼ੏ͷશͯΛେจࣈͰ‫͢ه‬ɽ·ͨɼୈ 1 ϖʔδԼͷ‫٭‬஫ʹɼஶऀͷॴଐ‫ࡏॴͱؔػ‬஍Λӳ‫Ͱޠ‬ɼCorresponding
Author ͱ͢Δஶऀͷࢯ໊ͱॴଐΛ೔ຊ‫͢هͰޠ‬ɽ
4. ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ͷ࿦จ͓Αͼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτ͸ɼӳ‫ʹޠ‬ΑΔද୊ · ஶऀ໊ͱຊจͱͷؒʹӳ‫ Ͱޠ‬300 words ఔ౓ͷ Abstractͱ 5 ‫ݸ‬Ҏ಺ͷ Key words ΛೖΕΔɽ
5. ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ͷ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ʢͨͩ͠ɼࢿྉͱ౔ཻࢠɼॻධΛআ͘ʣ͸ɼҾ༻จ‫ݙ‬ͷ‫ʹޙ‬೔ຊ‫ Ͱޠ‬350 ࣈఔ౓ͷཁࢫɼ͓Αͼ
5 ‫ݸ‬Ҏ಺ͷΩʔϫʔυΛॻ͘ɽ
6. ӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ߘݪ‬͸ɼA4 ൑ɼμϒϧεϖʔεͰ࡞੒͢Δʢ໿
600 words Ͱ 1 ϖʔδʹͳΔʣɽ
7. ӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ʢͨͩ͠ɼॻධ͸আ͘ʣ͸ɼManuscript
titleɼFull name of authors Λॻ͍͔ͯΒຊจΛॻ͖࢝ΊΔɽஶऀ໊͸ First name ͷ 1 จࣈ໨͓Αͼ Familyname ͷશͯΛେจࣈͰ‫͢ه‬ɽ·ͨɼୈ 1 ϖʔδԼͷ‫٭‬஫ʹɼAddress of institutions of authors ͓Αͼ
Corresponding author Λ‫͢ه‬ɽ
8. ӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ࿦จ͓Αͼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτ͸ɼFull name of authorsͱຊจͷؒʹ 300 words Ҏ಺ͷӳจ Abstract ͱ 5 ‫ݸ‬Ҏ಺ͷӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ Key words ΛೖΕΔɽ
9. ӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ʢͨͩ͠ɼࢿྉͱ౔ཻࢠɼॻධ͸আ͘ʣ͸ɼҾ༻จ‫ݙ‬ͷ‫ʹޙ‬ɼ೔ຊ‫Ͱޠ‬ද୊ͱஶऀ໊ɼॴଐ‫ؔػ‬ɼॴࡏ஍ɼ350 ࣈఔ౓ͷཁࢫɼ5 ‫ݸ‬Ҏ಺ͷΩʔϫʔυΛ͚ͭΔɽͳ͓ɼஶऀ͕֎ࠃਓͷΈͷͨΊʹ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬෦෼ͷ࡞੒͕ࠔ೉ͳ৔߹ɼӳ‫ޠ‬෦෼͔Βͷ࿨༁ʹΑΓɼฤूҕһձͷ੹೚Ͱ͜ΕΒΛ࡞੒͢Δɽ
10. ӳ‫ޠ‬ͷదਖ਼Խ͸͢΂ͯஶऀͷ੹೚ʹ͓͍ͯߦ͏͜ͱɽࣗ
વՊֶ࿦จͷࣥච΍ߍਖ਼ʹ‫ݧܦ‬ͷ͋Δӳ‫ޠ‬ͷωΠςΟϒ
εϐʔΧʔʹΑͬͯνΣοΫ͞Ε͍ͯΔࣄ͕๬·͍͠ɽ11. Ӿಡऴྃ‫࠷ʹޙ‬ऴ‫ߘݪ‬Λఏग़͢Δͱ͖ʹ͸ɼฤूҕһձ͕ࢦࣔ͢Δ‫ࣜܗ‬ͷిࢠϑΝΠϧΛૹ෇͢Δɽ
ͦͷଞ
ຊจ
27.
ຊཁ߲ͷ΄͔ɼՊֶٕज़৘ใྲྀ௨ٕज़‫ج‬४ʢ
SISTʣʹ४12. ‫ʹߘݪ‬͸ɼӾಡ࡞‫ۀ‬ͷޮ཰ԽΛਤΔͨΊɼຊจʹߦ൪߸‫͢ڌ‬Δɽ
Λ 5 ߦຖʹॻ͖ೖΕΔɽ
ʢ2012.12.20 վਖ਼ʣ
13. ষͷ‫ݟ‬ग़͠͸ 1.ɼ2.ɼ3.ɼઅͷ‫ݟ‬ग़͠͸ 1.1ɼ1.2ɼ1.3ɼ
߲ͷ‫ݟ‬ग़͠͸ 1.1.1ɼ1.1.2ɼ1.1.3 ͷΑ͏ʹ͠ɼࣈମ͸[౔৕෺ཧ෼໺ͷ SI ࢖༻ྫ]ΰγοΫମͱ͢Δɽࠃࡍ୯Ґ‫ܥ‬ʢSIʣʹ͍ͭͯ͸ଟ͘ͷग़൛෺Ͱղઆ͞Εͯ
14. ུ‫ޠ‬ɼུ߸Λ࢖͏ͱ͖ʹ͸ɼ͸͡ΊʹͦΕ͕ग़ͨͱ͖ʹਖ਼͍ΔͷͰɼ͜͜ʹ͸ɼ౔৕෺ཧʹಛʹؔ࿈ͷਂ͍୯Ґͷ࢖໊ࣜশͱͱ΋ʹࣔ͢ʢྫɿཅΠΦϯަ‫׵‬༰ྔʢCECʣʣɽ༻ྫΛࣔ͢ɽ
15. ୯Ґͷ࢖͍ํ͸ɼࠃࡍ୯Ґ‫ܥ‬ʢSIʣʹΑΔɽ
ਪ঑͞ΕΔ୯ҐೝΊΒΕΔ୯Ґ
ਤද
−1
‫ؚ‬ਫൺ
kg kg
*
16. ೔ຊ‫͓ޠ‬Αͼӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ͱߘݪ‬΋ʹɼਤ·ͨ͸ࣸਅͷ൪߸͸ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰
m3 m−3Fig. 1ɼද͸ Table 2 ͷΑ͏ʹॻ͘ɽମੵm3
L, cm3 , mL
17. ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ͷ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ɼਤɼදɼࣸਅͷ୊໊ີ౓
kg m3 , Mg m−3ʹ͸ӳ‫ޠ‬Λซ‫͢ه‬Δɽೱ౓
kg m−3 , Mg m−3
g L−1 , mg L−1
18. ਤɼදɼࣸਅ͸ඞཁ࠷খ‫͠ͱ౓ݶ‬ɼಉҰࣄ߲ΛදͱਤʹϞϧೱ౓
mol m−3
mol L−1ॏෳͯ͠දࣔ͢Δࣄ͸ආ͚Δɽྗ
N
19. ਤɼදɼࣸਅ͸ 1 ϖʔδʹ 1 ͭͣͭషΓ෇͚ɼ༨നʹਤਫ෼ϙςϯγϟϧ J kg−1
kPa, m, cm, **
ಁਫ܎਺
m s−1
cm s−1ද౳ͷ൪߸Λ‫͢ه‬ɽ−1−1
c kg , cmolc kg
20. ਤͱࣸਅ͸ͦͷ··੡൛͞ΕΔͷͰɼ઱໌ͳ΋ͷΛఏग़͢Δɽ ΠΦϯަ‫׵‬༰ྔ mol
ճస਺
s−1
min−1
21. ਤ͸ 1/2 ഒͳͲͱ͓Αͦͷॖখ཰Λࢦఆ͠ɼ2 ഒ͘Β͍ऩྔkg m−2kg ha−1, Mg ha−1, t ha−1ʹେ͖͘ॻ͘ɽਤͷઢͷଠ͞΍จࣈͷେ͖͞͸ɼ࡮Γ্*%දࣔ͸ɼ‫ݪ‬ଇͱͯ͠෼฼ͱ෼ࢠͷ಺༰͕ಉ͡΋ͷͷ৔͕Γͷେ͖͞Λߟྀܾͯ͠ΊΔɽ߹ʹ͚ͩ༻͍Δɽ
22. ஍ਤ΍‫ݦ‬ඍ‫ࣸڸ‬ਅʹ͸ఆईΛ͚ͭɼॖई΍ഒ཰͸͚ͭͳ͍ɽ
23. ਤɼදɼࣸਅͷ൪߸ͱ୊໊͸ɼผࢴʹ·ͱΊͯҰཡදͱ͢Δɽ ** cm H2 O ͸࢖Θͳ͍ɽͦͷଞɼٙ໰ͷ͋Δ΋ͷʹ͍ͭͯ͸ҙ‫ݟ‬Λฉ͍ͯฤूҕҾ༻จ‫ݙ‬
һձͰ‫ݕ‬౼͢Δɽ
24. ຊจதͰจ‫ݙ‬ΛҾ༻͢Δ৔߹͸ɼஶऀ໊ʢ੢ྐྵʣɼ·ʢ2000. 3.10 վਖ਼ʣͨ͸ʢஶऀ໊ɼ੢ྐྵʣͱ͢ΔʢྫɿTanakaʢ1994ʣ
ɼʢNakamura and Suzuki, 1981ʣʣɽஶऀ͕ 3 ໊Ҏ্ͷ৔ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ౤ߘҊ಺߹͸ୈ 1 ஶऀ໊ͷ͋ͱʹ—Βɼ·ͨ͸ et al. Λ͚ͭΔ
ʢྫɿࢁాΒʢ1978ʣɼʢTayler et al., 1945ʣʣɽ
1. ౤ߘ‫ʹߘݪ‬ର͢Δ‫ج‬ຊํ਑25. Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬͸ɼຊจͷ͋ͱʹஶऀ໊ͷ ABC ॱʹॻ͘ɽະɹฤूҕһձ͸ৗʹձһ͔Βͷࣗओ౤ߘΛ‫ܴ͢׻‬Δͱ‫ڞ‬ൃදɼࢲ৴͸Ҿ༻จ‫͍ͳ͠ࡌهͯ͠ͱݙ‬ɽʹɼ౤ߘ͞Εͨ‫ߘݪ‬ΛͳΔ΂͘ૣ͘ɼͰ͖Δ͚ͩ‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δํ޲Ͱॲཧ͍ͨ͠ͱߟ͍͑ͯ·͢ɽͨͩ͠ɼ
ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯʹ‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δ‫ߘݪ‬͸ಡऀʹͱͬͯ༗ӹ͔ͭ‫׬‬੒ͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕ඞཁͰ͢ɽฤूҕһձ͸ɼ౤ߘ‫͕ߘݪ‬ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯʹ‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δͷʹ;͞Θ͍͠಺༰Λ࣋ͭ‫ݪ‬
ߘͰ͋Δ͔Ͳ͏͔Λ‫ج‬४ͱͯ͠ɼ‫ࡌܝ‬ͷՄ൱Λ൑அ͠·͢ɽͳ͓ɼଞࢽͱͷೋॏ౤ߘ͸ೝΊΒΕ·ͤΜɽ
2. ౤ߘ‫ٻʹߘݪ‬ΊΒΕΔ΋ͷ
ɹ౤ߘʹ౰ͨͬͯ͸ɼʮ౤ߘҊ಺ʯͱ‫ʹڞ‬ʮ౤ߘ‫ن‬ఆʯʮ‫ࣥߘݪ‬චཁྖʯΛΑ͘ಡΜͰͦΕʹै͏ͱ‫ʹڞ‬ɼӾಡऀ͕ଟ๩ͳதͰ࣌ؒΛׂ͘͜ͱΛΑ͘ཧղͯ͠࠷େ‫౒ʹݶ‬ྗͯ͠‫׬‬੒ͨ͠‫͔ͯ͠ͱߘݪ‬Β౤ߘͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ౤ߘ‫ݪ‬ߘʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔ΋ͷ͸Լͷ௨ΓͰ͢ɽ
ʢ1ʣ ಺༰ʹ͍ͭͯ
1ʣΦϦδφϦςΟʔ͕͋Δ͜ͱʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ2ʣຊࢽͷಡऀʹͱͬͯ༗ӹͰ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3ʣಋೖɼ‫ڀݚ‬ख๏͔Β݁࿦ʹࢸΔաఔʹ࿦ཧੑ͕͋Δ͜ͱɽ
ʢ2ʣ ද‫͍ͯͭʹݱ‬1ʣ‫ߘݪ‬શମͷߏ੒͕੔͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱɽ
2ʣද୊͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3ʣจষද‫͕ݱ‬ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
4ʣӳจΞϒετϥΫτ΍࿨จཁࢫ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
5ʣSI ୯Ґ΍‫߸ه‬ͷ࢖͍ํ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
6ʣΩʔϫʔυ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
7ʣӳ‫ޠ‬ͷද‫͕ݱ‬ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3. ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ͷड෇ɹฤूҕһձ͸౤ߘ‫͕ߘݪ‬ମࡋ্࠷খ‫ݶ‬ඞཁͱ͢Δ৚݅
Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͜ͱΛ֬ೝͨ͠‫ޙ‬ɼ‫ߘݪ‬Λड͚෇͚·͢ɽ৚݅Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠ͳ͍৔߹ʹ͸ɼஶऀ΁ͷ໰͍߹Θͤɼ΋͘͠͸‫ߘݪ‬Λड͚෇͚ͣͦͷ··ฦߘ͢Δ৔߹͕͋Γ·͢ɽ
4. Ӿಡͷ໨తͱ࢟੎
ɹฤूҕһձ͸ड͚෇͚ͨ౤ߘ‫͕ߘݪ‬ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ΁‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δͷʹ;͞Θ͍͔͠Ͳ͏͔Λ൑ఆ͢ΔࢿྉΛಘΔͨΊʹӾಡΛߦ͍·͢ɽฤूҕһձ͸ద೚ͷӾಡऀΛબఆ͠ɼӾಡΛґཔ͠·͢ɽɹฤूҕһձ͸Ӿಡऀʹରͯ͠ಛʹ࣍ͷ఺ʹ͍ͭͯ஫ҙΛ͓‫͢·͍͍ͯ͠ئ‬ɽ1ʣ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ಺༰ʹର͢Δ੹೚͸ஶऀʹ͋Δ͜ͱɽ·ͨɼ‫ߘݪ‬ͷՁ஋͸ಡऀ͕൑அ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
2ʣӾಡ͸಺༰ͷ൷൑΍౼ٞΛߦ͏΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍͜ͱɽ
ैͬͯɼ‫ݟ‬ղͷ૬ҧ͸‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదͷཧ༝ʹͳΒͳ͍͜ͱɽ
3ʣӾಡऀ͸౤ߘऀʹରͯ͠‫ࢦڀݚ‬ಋ͢Δཱ৔ʹͳ͍͜ͱɽैͬͯɼ৽ͨͳ࣮‫ݧ‬΍‫ࢉܭ‬ͷ௥Ճཁ‫Ͳͳٻ‬͸‫ۃ‬ྗආ͚Δ͜ͱɽ
4ʣӾಡґཔ‫ݶظ‬Λ‫ݫ‬क͢Δ͜ͱɽ
ɹӾಡऀ͔Βग़͞Εͨ໰୊఺ʹ͍ͭͯɼฤूҕһձ͸‫͕ߘݪ‬౤ߘ‫ٻʹߘݪ‬ΊΒΕΔ΋ͷΛຬͨͨ͢ΊʹඞཁʹԠͯ͡ஶऀʹमਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ί·͢ɽͨͩ͠ɼ͜Ε͸ஶऀʹର͢Δࢦಋ΍ॿ‫Ͱݴ‬͸͋Γ·ͤΜɽ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ಺༰ʹର͢Δ੹೚͸͋͘·Ͱஶऀʹ͋Γ·͢ɽ5. Ӿಡͷखॱͱ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ࠾൱
ʢ1ʣ ฤूҕһձ͸࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτʹ͍ͭͯ͸ 2 ਓɼͦͷଞͷ۠෼ͷ౤ߘ‫͍ͯͭʹߘݪ‬͸ 1 ਓͷద೚ऀ΁ӾಡΛґཔ͠·͢ɽ
ʢ2ʣ Ӿಡऀ͸ʮ2ʯͷ౤ߘ‫ٻʹߘݪ‬ΊΒΕΔ֤߲໨ʹ͍ͭͯ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ΛධՁ͠ɼӾಡ݁ՌΛશମҙ‫͓ݟ‬Αͼ‫ݸ‬ผࢦఠࣄ߲ͱ‫ʹڞ‬ฤूҕһձ΁ใࠂ͠·͢ɽʢ3ʣ ฤूҕһձ͸Ӿಡ݁ՌΛ৹ٞ͠ɼ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ࠾൱Λܾఆ͠·͢ɽ͜ͷࡍɼ࿦จɾ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτʹ͍ͭͯ͸‫ݪ‬ଇͱͯ͠ԼͷΑ͏ʹऔΓѻ͍·͢ɽ1ʣӾಡऀ 2 ໊ͱ΋૯߹൑ఆ͕ Aʢ͜ͷ··‫ࡌܝ‬Մʣͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼӾಡ݁ՌΛड͚औͬͨ೔෇Ͱ‫ߘݪ‬Λडཧʢ‫ܾࡌܝ‬ఆʣ͠·͢ɽ2ʣ1 ໊ͷ૯߹൑ఆ͸ A ɼ΋͏ 1 ໊͸ Bʢࢦఠͷ఺͕मਖ਼͞ΕΕ͹‫ࡌܝ‬Մʣͷ৔߹ɼ·ͨ͸ 2 ໊ͱ΋ Bͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼࢦఠࣄ߲ʹ͍ͭͯஶऀʹൺֱతখ͞ͳ
मਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ί·͢ɽमਖ਼‫͕ߘݪ‬ఏग़͞Εɼฤूҕһձ͕मਖ਼಺༰Λ֬ೝͨ࣌͠఺Ͱडཧ͠·͢ɽ3ʣ1 ໊ͷ૯߹൑ఆ͸ B ɼ΋͏ 1 ໊͸ Cʢࢦఠͷ఺͕मਖ਼͞Εͨ‫ޙ‬ɼ࠶Ӿಡ͢Δඞཁ͋Γʣͷ৔߹ɼ·ͨ͸ 2 ໊ͱ΋ C ͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼࢦఠࣄ߲ʹ͍ͭͯஶऀ
ʹ΍΍େ͖ͳमਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ί·͢ɽఏग़͞Εͨमਖ਼‫ߘݪ‬͸࠶ͼӾಡΛߦ͍·͢ɽ4ʣ1 ໊ͷ૯߹൑ఆ͕ Dʢ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʣͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼୈ 3ͷӾಡऀʹ൑ఆΛґཔ͢Δ͜ͱΛ‫ؚ‬Ίɼฤूҕһձ͕ରԠΛ൑அ͠·͢ɽ5ʣ2 ໊ͷ૯߹൑ఆͱ΋ D ͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼͦͷཧ༝Λ෇͚ͯஶऀ΁ฦߘ͠·͢ɽ6ʣӾಡ͸ 2 ճ·Ͱͱ͠ɼ࠶Ӿಡʹ͓͍ͯ΋ C ·ͨ͸
D ͷ൑ఆ͕͋Δ৔߹ʹ͸ɼฤूҕһձ͕ରԠΛ൑அ͠·͢ɽʢ4ʣӾಡ݁Ռͷ૯߹൑ఆΛ D ͱ͢Δཧ༝͸࣍ͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͰ͢ɽ
1ʣ‫ൃط‬දͱΈͳ͞ΕΔ΋ͷɽ2ʣॏཁͳ෦෼ʹࠜຊతͳ‫ޡ‬Γ͕͋Δ΋ͷɽ
3ʣࣄ࣮ʹ‫಺͍ͨͮج‬༰Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɼ୯ͳΔओ‫͕؍‬ड़΂ΒΕ
͍ͯΔʹա͗ͳ͍΋ͷʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ
4ʣ௨આ͕ड़΂ΒΕ͍ͯΔ͚ͩͰɼ৽͍͠஌‫͕ݟ‬શ͘ͳ͍΋ͷʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ
5ʣमਖ਼Λཁ͢Δࠜຊతͳࢦఠࣄ߲Λଟ͘‫ؚ‬ΜͰ͍Δ΋ͷɽ
6ʣ࿈ࡌ‫ߏͰࣜܗ‬੒͞Ε͓ͯΓɼ1 ฤ͝ͱʹಠཱͨ͠΋ͷͱೝΊ͕͍ͨ΋ͷɽ
7ʣશମߏ੒΍จষ͕ૈࡶͰɼ಺༰ͷ൑ఆ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍΋ͷɽ
8ʣ಺༰͕ຊࢽͷझࢫʹ߹Θͳ͍΋ͷɽ
9ʣͦͷଞɼຊࢽʹ‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δ‫͞;ͯ͠ͱߘݪ‬Θ͘͠ͳ͍΋ͷɽ
6. ͦͷଞ
1ʣ‫ڞ‬ஶऀ͸શһ͕‫੹ʹߘݪ‬೚ΛෛͬͯԼ͍͞ɽ‫ڞ‬ஶऀ͕͍Δʹ΋͔͔ΘΒͣɼͦͷ‫ڞ‬ஶऀ͕‫ߘݪ‬ΛಡΜͰͳ͍ͱ൑அ͞ΕΔΑ͏ͳ‫ج‬ຊతͳϛε͕͋Δ৔߹ʹ͸ɼӾಡΛதࢭͯ͠ฦߘ͢Δ͜ͱ͕͋Γ·͢ɽ2ʣमਖ਼‫ߘݪ‬Λฦૹ͢Δ৔߹ʹ͸ɼमਖ਼݁Ռ͕͙͢ʹ෼
͔ΔΑ͏ͳճ౴ॻʢࢦఠࣄ߲ʹରԠͨ͠मਖ਼Օॴɾ
಺༰ҰཡʣΛ࡞੒͠ɼఴ෇ͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ
3ʣ‫ߘݪ‬͸Ұ౓ҹ࡮ެද͞ΕΔͱ຤Ӭ͘ධՁͱ൷൑ͷର৅ʹͳΓ·͢ɽӾಡҙ‫ʹݟ‬ରͯ͠͸‫ྫྷྗۃ‬੩͔ͭ৻ॏʹରॲͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ‫ޡ‬ղ͕͋ͬͨ৔߹ʹ͸ɼͦͷ‫ޡ‬ղΛղ͚ͩ͘Ͱͳ͘ɼ‫ޡ‬ղΛड͚ͳ͍Α͏ͳॻ͖ํʹվΊΔ౒ྗ͕‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕ·͢ɽ4ʣʮ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʯͰฦߘ͞Εͨ‫ߘݪ‬Λ࠶౤ߘ͢Δ৔߹͸৽‫ن‬౤ߘѻ͍ͱͳΓ·͢ɽʮ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʯͱͨ͠ཧ༝
Λे෼ʹ֬ೝɾ‫ݕ‬౼ͷ্ɼ࠶౤ߘͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ
ʢ2004. 6.29 վਖ਼ʣʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯӾಡͷखҾ͖

1. Ӿಡґཔ‫ݶظ‬ͷ‫ݫ‬कΛ͓‫͍ئ‬க͠·͢ɽສҰɼ‫ʹ಺ݶظ‬Ӿಡ͕ࠔ೉ͳ৔߹ʹ͸ɼ଎΍͔ʹฤूҕһձࣄ຿‫΁ہ‬࿈བྷͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ
2. ʮ౤ߘҊ಺ʯʹ͓͍ͯɼԼͷ΋ͷΛ౤ߘ‫ٻʹߘݪ‬Ί͍ͯ
·͢ɽӾಡʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɼ͜ΕΒΛͦͷ‫ج‬४ͱ͠·͢ɽʢ1ʣ಺༰ʹ͍ͭͯ1ʣΦϦδφϦςΟʔ͕͋Δ͜ͱʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ2ʣຊࢽͷಡऀʹͱͬͯ༗ӹͰ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3ʣಋೖɼ‫ڀݚ‬ख๏͔Β݁࿦ʹࢸΔաఔʹ࿦ཧੑ͕͋Δ͜ͱɽ
ʢ2ʣද‫͍ͯͭʹݱ‬1ʣ‫ߘݪ‬શମͷߏ੒͕੔͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱɽ
2ʣจষද‫͕ݱ‬ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3ʣද୊͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
4ʣӳจΞϒετϥΫτ΍࿨จཁࢫ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
5ʣSI ୯Ґ΍‫߸ه‬ͷ࢖͍ํ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
6ʣΩʔϫʔυ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
7ʣӳ‫ޠ‬ͷද‫͕ݱ‬ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3. ʮ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʯͱ͢Δཧ༝ͱͯ͠͸ɼԼͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷ͕‫ڍ‬͛ΒΕ·͢ɽ
1ʣ‫ൃط‬දͱΈͳ͞ΕΔ΋ͷɽ2ʣॏཁͳ෦෼ʹࠜຊతͳ‫ޡ‬Γ͕͋Δ΋ͷɽ
3ʣࣄ࣮ʹ‫಺͍ͨͮج‬༰Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɼ୯ͳΔओ‫͕؍‬ड़΂ΒΕ
͍ͯΔʹա͗ͳ͍΋ͷʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ
4ʣ௨આ͕ड़΂ΒΕ͍ͯΔ͚ͩͰɼ৽͍͠஌‫͕ݟ‬શ͘ͳ͍΋ͷʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ
5ʣमਖ਼Λཁ͢Δࠜຊతͳࢦఠࣄ߲Λଟ͘‫ؚ‬ΜͰ͍Δ΋ͷɽ
6ʣ࿈ࡌ‫ߏͰࣜܗ‬੒͞Ε͓ͯΓɼ1 ฤ͝ͱʹಠཱͨ͠΋ͷͱೝΊ͕͍ͨ΋ͷɽ
7ʣશମߏ੒΍จষ͕ૈࡶͰɼ಺༰ͷ൑ఆ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍΋ͷɽ
8ʣ಺༰͕ຊࢽͷझࢫʹ߹Θͳ͍΋ͷɽ
9ʣͦͷଞɼຊࢽʹ‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δ‫͞;ͯ͠ͱߘݪ‬Θ͘͠ͳ͍΋ͷɽ
4. ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ಺༰ʹର͢Δ੹೚͸͋͘·Ͱஶऀʹ͋Γ·͢ɽ·ͨɼ‫ߘݪ‬ͷՁ஋͸ಡऀ͕൑அ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͢ɽ
5. Ӿಡ͸಺༰ͷ൷൑΍౼ٞΛߦ͏΋ͷͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɽैͬͯɼ‫ݟ‬ղͷ૬ҧ͸‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదͷཧ༝ʹ͸ͳΓ·ͤΜɽ

6. Ӿಡऀ͸౤ߘऀʹରͯ͠‫ࢦڀݚ‬ಋ͢Δཱ৔ʹ͋Γ·ͤΜɽΑͬͯɼ৽ͨͳ࣮‫ݧ‬΍‫ࢉܭ‬ͷ௥Ճཁ‫Ͳͳٻ‬͸‫ྗۃ‬ආ͚ͯԼ͍͞ɽ
7. Ӿಡऀ͸ஶऀͱ௚઀ંিΛ͠ͳ͍ͰԼ͍͞ɽஶऀͱͷަব͸͢΂ͯฤूҕһձͷ੹೚Ͱߦ͍·͢ɽ8. Ӿಡऀͱͯ͠஌Γಘͨҹ࡮લͷ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ಺༰͸͍͔ͳΔ‫ܗ‬Ͱ΋ར༻ɾҾ༻౳ग़དྷ·ͤΜɽ‫͝ʹݫ‬஫ҙԼ͍͞ɽ
9. ஶऀʹमਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ‫࠶ʹޙ‬ӾಡͰ૯߹൑ఆΛ Dʢ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʣͱ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ɼӾಡऀʹͱͬͯ΋ஶऀʹͱͬͯ΋ඇੜ࢈తͰ͢ɽ‫׬‬੒౓ͷ௿͍‫͍͓ͯʹͲͳߘݪ‬͸ɼमਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ί࠶ӾಡΛߦ͏ΑΓ΋ʮ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʯͱͯ͠࿅Γ௚͔ͯ͠Β৽ͨʹ౤ߘ͢ΔΑ͏ଅͨ͠ํ͕Α͍৔߹͕͋Γ·͢ɽͦͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼʮ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʯͷཧ༝ʢ
ʮ3ʯࢀরʣΛ໌ࣔͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ‫ݸ‬ผࢦఠࣄ߲΁ͷҙ‫ݟ‬͸ෆཁͰ͢ɽ
10. Ӿಡऀ͔Βฤूҕһձ΁ҙ‫ݟ‬౳͕͋Δ৔߹͸ɼඞͣʮฤ
ूҕһձ΁ͷҙ‫ݟ‬ʯͱͯ͠ผࢴ΁ͷ‫ه‬ೖΛ͓‫͢·͍͠ئ‬ɽ
ʢ2003. 5.28 վਖ਼ʣ

3. ༏लϙελʔ৆ͷબߟ༏लϙελʔ৆ʢҎԼɼϙελʔ৆ʣ͸೥ 1 ճɼҎԼͷखॱʹΑΓܾఆ͢Δɽ
ʢ1ʣબߟͷର৅͸ɼ౰֘೥౓ͷ౔৕෺ཧֶձେձʹ͓͍ͯൃද͞ΕͨϙελʔͰ͋ͬͯɼච಄ऀ͸ձһͱ͢Δɽ
ͨͩ͠ɼϙελʔͷච಄ऀֶ͕ੜͷ৔߹ʹ‫ݶ‬Γɼձһ֎Ͱ͋ͬͯ΋બߟͷର৅ʹ‫ؚ‬ΊΔɽ
ʢ2ʣϙελʔ৆͸ʢ1ʣʹ֘౰͢Δϙελʔͷத͔Βɼબߟҕһձ͓Αͼձһͷ౤ථʹΑΓબߟ͢Δɽʢ5 ݅ҎԼʣ
4. දজ
ʢ1ʣ࿦จ৆͸ɼ௨ৗ૯ձʹ͓͍ͯදজΛߦ͏ɽ·ͨձࢽ্ʹެද͢Δɽʢ2ʣϙελʔ৆͸ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶձେձʹ͓͍ͯදজΛߦ
͏ɽ·ͨɼձࢽ্ʹެද͢Δɽ
ʢ2002.11.23 ੍ఆɹ 2013.10.26 վਖ਼ʣ౔৕෺ཧֶձֶձ৆બߟҕһձ‫ن‬ఆ౔৕෺ཧֶձֶձ৆‫ن‬ఆ

1. छྨɹ

ֶձ৆ʹ࿦จ৆ͱ༏लϙελʔ৆Λ͓͘ɽ
2. ࿦จ৆ͷબߟ࿦จ৆͸ɼ೥ 1 ճɺҎԼͷखॱʹΑΓ࿦จ৆બߟҕһձʮҎԼɼબߟҕһձʯͰ৹ࠪ͠ɼධٞһձͰܾఆ͢Δɽʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯʹɼ‫ݪ‬ଇͱ
ʢ1ʣ৆ͷର৅ͱ͢Δ࿦จ͸ɼͯ͠લ೥౓ʢલ೥ 4 ݄ 1 ೔͔Βཌ೥ͷ 3 ݄ 31 ೔·Ͱʣʹ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͨ‫ݪ‬ஶʮ࿦จʯͱ͢Δɽ
ʢ2ʣਖ਼ձһʢ1 ໊Ҏ্ʣ͸, ֶձ৆ड৆ީิͱͯ͠ʢ1ʣʹ֘౰͢Δ࿦จΛࣗન΋͘͠͸ଞન͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ.
ʢ3ʣ
ʢ2ʣʹ‫͢ه‬࿦จͷਪન͸ɼֶձࢽʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯʹެࣔ͞ΕͨืूΛड͚ɼॴఆͷॻྨΛඞཁ෦਺ଗ͑ɼ
‫ظ‬೔·Ͱʹֶձࣄ຿‫ʹہ‬ఏग़͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɽ
ʢ4ʣબߟҕһձͰ͸ɼʢ1ʣʹ֘౰͢Δ࿦จͷத͔Βɼ
ʢ2ʣͷਪન΋ߟྀͯ͠ड৆ީิ࿦จʢҎԼɼީิ࿦
จʣΛ৹ࠪ · બߟ͠ɼධٞһձ΁෇ٞ͢Δɽ
ʢ5ʣධٞһձͰ͸ɼީิ࿦จ͕ड৆ʹద͔֨Ͳ͏͔Λ൑ఆ͢Δɽ

1. ໨తɹ

ֶձ৆બߟҕһձʢҎԼҕһձͱ͍͏ʣ͸ɼ࿦จ৆͓Αͼ༏लϙελʔ৆ͷબߟΛߦ͏͜ͱΛ໨తͱ͢Δɽ
2. ‫ۀ‬຿ҕһձ͸ͭ͗ͷ‫ۀ‬຿Λߦ͏ɽ
ʢ1ʣֶձ৆‫ن‬ఆʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬࿦จ৆͓Αͼ༏लϙελʔ৆ͷબߟɽ
ʢ2ʣ౔৕෺ཧֶձֶձ৆બߟʹؔ͢Δͦͷଞͷࣄ߲ɽ
3. ߏ੒ɹ
ҕһձ͸ҕһ௕ 1 ໊͓Αͼҕһ 5 ఔ౓Λ࣋ͬͯߏ੒͢Δɽ
ʢ1ʣҕһձ͸ਖ਼ձһΑΓߏ੒͞ΕΔɽ
ʢ2ʣҕһ͸ධٞһձͷਪનʹ‫͖ͮج‬૯ձͰܾఆ͢Δɽ
ʢ3ʣ೚‫ظ‬͸ 2 ೥ͱ͢Δɽͨͩ͠ɼ࠶೚͸͞·ͨ͛ͳ͍ɽ
ʢ4ʣҕһ௕͸ҕһͷ‫ޓ‬બʹΑΓબग़͢Δɽ
ʢ5ʣए‫໊ׯ‬ͷઐ໳ҕһΛ͓͘͜ͱΛೝΊΔɽ
4. ։࠵ҕһձ͸೥ 3 ճఔ౓։࠵͢Δɽ
ʢ2002.11.23 ੍ఆɹ 2003.11.22 վਖ਼ʣ‫ ૹ ߘ ݪ‬Γ ঢ়ड෇൪߸ʢຊձͰ‫ه‬ೖʣ
ɿ
ൃૹ೥݄೔

೥

۠ ෼

࿦จ

݄

೔

‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτड෇೥݄೔ʢຊձͰ‫ه‬ೖʣ

૯આ

ղઆ

ࢿྉ

೥

‫঺ڀݚ‬հ

౔ཻࢠ

݄

೔

ॻධ

ද୊ʢ࿨จʣ

ද୊ʢӳจʣΩʔϫʔυʢ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ɿ̑‫ޠ‬Ҏ಺ʣΩʔϫʔυʢӳ‫ޠ‬ɿ̑‫ޠ‬Ҏ಺ʣ

ஶऀ໊ 1
ϩʔϚࣈ
ஶऀ໊ 2
ϩʔϚࣈ
ஶऀ໊ 3
ϩʔϚࣈ

ॴଐ

ຊձ

ձһ · ඇձһॴଐຊձձһ · ඇձһॴଐຊձձһ · ඇձһ

࿈བྷઌࢯ໊

ॅ ॴ

˟

ి࿩ ·FAX ൪߸

TEL.ɿ

E-mailE-mailຊจ‫ߘݪ‬ຕ਺

ද

ผ࡮Γ

FAX.ɿ

A4ɿʢ
ຕ

ຕʣ

· 400 ࣈ٧‫ࢴ༻ߘݪ‬ʢ

ਤ

ຕ

ຕʣ

ࣸਅ

30 ෦ · 50 ෦ · 100 ෦ · 150 ෦ · 200 ෦ · 300 ෦෇‫ه‬ɿ౤ߘͷѼઌ͸౔৕෺ཧֶձϗʔϜϖʔδΛࢀরͷ͜ͱʢhttp://js-soilphysics.com/ʣຕ౔৕෺ཧֶձձһొ࿥༻ࢴ [ೖձ · ୀձ · ొ࿥ࣄ߲มߋ]ඞཁࣄ߲Λ͝‫ه‬ೖͷ্ɼ͜ͷ··Լ‫ه‬Ѽઌʹʢ༣ศɼFAXɼE-mail ͷఴ෇ϑΝΠϧͳͲͰʣ͓ૹ
Γ͍ͩ͘͞ɻ
ಧग़಺༰

ೖձ

ਃࠐ೥݄೔

੢ྐྵ

ձһछผ

ਖ਼

· ୀձ · ొ࿥ࣄ߲มߋ೥· ֶੜ ·

݄

೔

ߪಡ ·

ࢍॿ

ࢯ໊
ಉ্ϩʔϚࣈಡΈੑผஉੜ೥݄ʢ੢ྐྵ೥ · ݄ʣ

· ঁ

੢ྐྵ

೥

‫ۈ‬຿ઌ

· ࣗ୐

‫ۈ‬຿ઌ
‫ۈ‬຿ઌॴࡏ஍

˟‫ۈ‬຿ઌి࿩൪߸ / FAX ൪߸‫ۈ‬຿ઌ e-mailࣗ୐ॅॴ˟ࣗ୐ి࿩൪߸ / FAX ൪߸ࣗ୐ e-mailձࢽͷૹ෇ઌ
ຊֶձҎ֎ͷओͳॴଐֶձ

ຊձ‫ه‬ೖ
ड෇೥݄೔ɿ
ঝೝ೥݄೔ɿ
ૹ෇ઌ · ໰͍߹Θͤઌ౔৕෺ཧֶձࣄ຿‫ہ‬ʢॸ຿‫ࣄװ‬ʣ

˟ 113-8657 ౦‫౎ژ‬จ‫۠ژ‬໻ੜ 1-1-1౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պɹ٢ాमҰ࿠ Ѽ
Tel. 03-5841-5344 ɹɹ Fax. 03-5841-8169
E-mail spsyomu@ml.affrc.go.jp݄ෳࣸ͞ΕΔํʹɹຊࢽʹ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͨஶ࡞෺Λෳ͍ࣸͨ͠ํ͸ɼʢࣾʣ೔ຊෳࣸ‫ݖ‬ηϯλʔͱแ‫ׅ‬ෳࣸ‫ڐ‬୚‫ܖ‬໿Λక݁͞Ε͍ͯΔ‫ا‬‫ۀ‬ͷै‫ۀ‬һҎ֎͸ɼஶ࡞‫͔ऀݖ‬Βෳࣸ‫ݖ‬౳ͷߦ࢖ͷҕୗΛड͚͍ͯΔ࣍ͷஂମ͔Β‫ڐ‬୚Λड͚ͯԼ͍͞ɽஶ࡞෺ͷసࡌ · ຋༁ͷΑ͏ͳෳࣸҎ֎ͷ‫ڐ‬୚͸ɼ௚઀ຊձ΁͝࿈བྷԼ͍͞ɽ
ɹ˟ 107-0052 ɹ౦‫ ࡔ੺۠ߓ౎ژ‬9-6-41 ɹ೫໦ࡔϏϧɹɹֶज़ஶ࡞‫ڠݖ‬ձɹ TELɿ03-3475-5618 ɹ FAXɿ03-3475-5619 ɹ E-mailɿkammori@msh.biglobe.ne.jp

Notice about Photocopyingɹ In order to photocopy any work from this publication, you or your organization must obtain permission from thefollowing organization which has been delegated for copyright for clearance by the copyright owner of this publication.
ɹ Japan Academic Association for Copyright Clearance (JAACC)
ɹ 41-6 Akasaka 9-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japanɹ TELɿ81-3-3475-5618 ɹ FAXɿ81-3-3475-5619 ɹ E-mailɿkammori@msh.biglobe.ne.jp౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 126 ߸ʢձһ഑෍ʣɹ 2014 ೥ 4 ݄ 20 ೔ൃߦൃߦ ౔ ৕ ෺ ཧ ֶ ձ
˟ 113-8657
ిɹɹ࿩E-mailURL౦‫౎ژ‬จ‫۠ژ‬໻ੜ 1-1-1౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պ೶஍‫಺ࣨڀݚֶ޻ڥ؀‬ɹ٢ా
03-5841-5344 ɹɹɹɹ FAX ɹ 03-5841-8169
spsyomu ˏ ml.affrc.go.jp

http://js-soilphysics.com/entۜߦ‫࠲ޱ‬Έͣ΄ۜߦɹࠜ௡ࢧళʢళ൪߸ 235ʣී௨ɹ 1153264 ɹ౔৕෺ཧֶձɹձ‫ܭ‬ɹ੢ా࿨߂
༣ศৼସ‫࠲ޱ‬൪߸ɿ01350-2-40943
Ճೖऀ໊ɿ౔৕෺ཧֶձ
ฤूҕһձࣄ຿‫ہ‬ʢ౤ߘ‫෇ૹߘݪ‬ઌʣॴࡏ஍͸ϗʔϜϖʔδʢhttp://js-soilphysics.com/entʣͰ࠷৽ͷ෺Λ֬ೝͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ
E-mail ɹ kibyosi@ml.affrc.go.jpҹɹɹ࡮૑จҹ࡮޻‫ࣜגۀ‬ձࣾ
˟ 116-0011 ౦‫ߥ౎ژ‬઒۠੢ඌ‫ ٱ‬7-12-16

ISSN 0387-6012

Journal of the Japanese Society of Soil Physics
No. 126

April, 2014

Contents
Foreword........................................................................

T. NISHIMURA...

1Radioactive material issue — What should soil physics do ?
.......................................................................

M. MIZOGUCHI...

3

Adsorption mechanism of radiocesium on soil......................................................................

N. YAMAGUCHI

...

11

K. WAKASUGI and N. HARAGUCHI

...

23

Special Reports

Efﬁcient radioactive decontamination methods for removal of surface soils in farmlands....................................................

Radiocaesium dynamics in forest ecosystems after the FDNPP accident.......................................................................

M. KOBAYASHI

...

31

Migration of radioactive Cs in soil........................................................................

T. NISHIMURA

...

37

Discussion at the 55th symposium on the radioactive material issue........................................................................

S. HAMAMOTO

...

45

...

51

...

63

Y. USUI...

71

H. KANMURI

...

77

Original Papers
Seasonal changes in soil matric potential in an agricultural ﬁeld in Abashiri region with soil freezing:Use of dielectric water potential sensors and examination on osmotic potential of frozen soil.......................

S. SUZUKI, T. KATSURAGI, T. MITSUI, H. ITO and H. OKAZAWA

Notes
Calibration of the capacitance type of ECH2 O soil moisture sensors....................................................
Lectures

S. MITSUISHI and M. MIZOGUCHI

Impacts of mass transport through ponded water in a paddy ﬁeld on the atmosphere near the water surface...............................................................................
Readers’ Column.........................................................................

Book Review................................................................................

...

79

Announcements................................................................................................

81

Editor’s Postscript................................................................................................

83

Y. USUI

Published by

Japanese Society of Soil Physics
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan

http://js-soilphysics.com/