
J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
Ui¼{»
No. 32, p. -+ -3 ,**.

 

*ῌ*ῌ*ῌ  **Changes in the Water Holding Capacity of Abandoned
Terrace Paddy Fields Following A#orestation
Yoshiki SHINOMIYA*, Atsushi TORII*, Yoshiyuki INAGAKI* and Tsuyoshi YAMADA*** Shikoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute,
Asakuranishimachi, Kochi 12*ῌ2*11** Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute,Matsunosato, Tsukuba -*/ῌ2021
Abstract
Water holding capacity, soil physical properties and organic matter properties in abandoned
terrace paddy ﬁelds were investigated in order to evaluate the e#ect of a#orestation on water
conservation function. We studied +, abandoned terrace paddy ﬁelds where sugi (Cryptomeria
japonica ) or hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtsusa) were planted. The stand ages ranged from +, to -years.

The water holding capacity and permeability of surface soil in abandoned terrace paddy

ﬁelds increased with increasing stand age.

They became almost equal to those in artiﬁcial forestsof sugi or hinoki in mountainous area about -* years after a#orestation. The water holding
capacity correlated with soil carbon content and can be predicted from the stand age and carbon
content at the organic layer by multiple regression analysis. Increase of the stand age indicatesincreases of litterfall, carbon content in mineral soils and activity of soil fauna. As a result, soil
aggregate develops well so that the water holding capacity increases.

Comparing similarly aged

stands, the water holding capacity and carbon content in mineral soils were greater in lower
carbon content at organic layer.

This suggests that decomposition of litterfall is important for

the water holding capacity. These results suggest that water conservation function in soil ofabandoned terrace paddy ﬁelds would be elevated following a#orestation.
Key words : abandoned terrace paddy ﬁelds, a#orestaion, water holding capacity, permeability,
water conservation function+    ijkl"mn3=o IpqῌrR +322 ; rsg +322 ; tg +330 ; ug +331KB vo 9:;   !"#$%<,cwxyz{3=#AL ?Yg|}~&' ()'*+,-. ῌ/012345678

@-7 W]^_`Q>bL gY,3

9:;<3=>?@-78A>B CDEF

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9:;<,78 #$Pj7 O +333KB ?P9:;<Q>L RS?TQ>

"7o?4Q>B CDEFH 3,*** ha,

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32

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123#$% **456

 &7ῌ7 ,**+-

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"##"1*I#$% AJ$* + IK9 &#%LMNO

P +31. ; &Q! +33/ ; ',**, ; (R! ,**,-S

NO"=)T:;<*#$% A9U VWῌXYZ=[

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,

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A89

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,+ 

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9:;<h39 /d0f!

2ij34 / km 3

9B -* 5*VW &0¡ + - *q¦` &+2 m- 2OK39
*! =[_"`-abcb./d &e- 0f 1g
0f*=

_0*¡^

Location of study sites

FQ

9VW*¦`FT"U­

9,, 

7* +313k,*** 5lmn

89¢R£SI ® ῌ yV &+313- Vop2 5qrs +-.2t 5u# ,,0./¯3BWX^* °h39 Y#±²*ZAmm 

A#¡[ CD³°´\[ &*kµ-.+ kPa- ¶·[960fvw +*k,*x*yz770

890{"|}:;~<_08 =&µ-.+kµ.3.+ kPa- ]9_0"&+>99:;< +, = &+* ="VW , ="VWῌ¸¹8º399U ¸-* cm >»8

WX : >Y! ¡?¢@&Z

Table +

33

ῌ+ -.A
Soil proﬁles of a#orested terrace paddy ﬁelds

MN




cm

´

µI
mm

¯P*

b
>K +- L

A
C+
C,

*ῐ+,
+,ῐ,3
,3ῐ.*¶+*YR.ῌ14/YR.ῌ.
·

+*
,+
-+42

g
>K ,2 L

A+
A,g
B
C

*ῐ -ῐ+/+/ῐ,*,*ῐ//¶

14/YR,ῌ,/Y.ῌ,14/GY0ῌ+, +*YR0ῌ0,4/Y/ῌ,j
>K -* L

Ag
B
C

*ῐ++
++ῐ+2
+2ῐ/*¶,4/Y.ῌ+*YR.ῌ.
+*YR.ῌ0

¦**


"

f

g

XY
M ῍

SB
·
·

N
N
N

V
N
N

V
N
N

F
V
N

·
2*
3*

,4,
++.40
+/40

SB, CR
SB
MA
·

N
N
N
N

N
N
N
N

V
V
V
V

V
F
V
V

·
·
·
3*

+,4.
+0
+040

SB, MA
AB
·

V
N
N

V
V
V

F
V
V

F
F
V

·
·
/*

* AB : ±²³# SB : °±²³# CR : QR³# MA : S³** ¦T U¸ : # ¹/ mm ; "# ,/ mm ; f# *./, mm ; g# º*./ mm¦ f¦# g¦» 4$ +* cm ¼5¦8. : F, ,*/* V ; V, +,* V ; N, * V#$$tu*v# A
S

PiHiFiῌ+**῎

S :  mmPi : 

#$jw+x,$y*v-./0,- 

 i *...3.+ kPa 



0sz1

Ao

 2{34# |} 2{

34# ~2{34 Ao0|} 2{34

Hi :   i  mm

_  <# Ao ,/ cm,/ cm 5Fi :   i  

 + 6J  - U 3 Ao῍

!"# Pi $ῌ%$&'(# )(*+#,-$.'/.01')234# 5
60 4$789.': ;<=># ?@

W

Ao

# 9+W0 7W$ 1/ 8 - 89h>=:W2{M NC  C NC-2** 

ABCDEFG H!(I8J

+

K# +32/ .L Fi $ MN>OPQ

2{M *v/]4b< <R8# S= +33/ T:N# VWO(XY8ZUOM 0

2{34$ Ao

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>>¡?¢@&-..A

Fi c+**G+i G,idῌ+**῏

G+i :   i XYZOM῍BC. + £ A

G,i :   i VWOM῍¤D¥¦(EF§ 4'

jK# . 0@ $

.e#  # " # f # g $h> Bi> **.. kPa, *..0., kPa, 0.,.3.+ kPa,¥¦(¨©>

.3.+ kPa jK 8J

L# -* LMN g, j ª!8K

l4R(m>

90|} 2{

 $#$k%

0.'n_8# o&ῌf' +313 pfq (^

$0., kPa r)sM 8J N # A

e3

GHI$JKR

jK  jK# K 0@ R¤D>K +- LMN b >K ,2¥¦G(E+O<=># «¬ + £!# MN j  ¡?¢@
& >K -* L 8$ + m j?8R¤D¦­(®O>. ¯PU'4# °±²³l' » 32 ¼ 0,**.1

34

k@|"8

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 0 , R,z*.01 p*.**+1  - 

j@&8=&<@|

"8 &G-< }~*<j78
9:(*!-8}"J% =&
 ,* =j( +* mm =!"j( ,* mm 8"| -* 

}~88}

  8&8=&j

@#<|"8

 ,* =(=&j

(&#<$!,C- { * -*!"(=&j(}~* &b $ !!%<- b}~88j"=&P!"J% {( & b -<=&
j}~i"{8@h*<-"8

*<
" ^u

v 0*..D0., kPa1 uv 00.,D.3.+ kPa1 u\]a_`¹/º0v%j@ . hi &uvj(

Distribution of root of a plantation
tree in abandoned terrace paddy ﬁeldsj(}~*<- {(=&&ῌ+
Photo. +}~*<J,*<-!$% ^uv

J%
&j'G-<  a me b 0  +, me    j   ! 

"#!!$% &'( )*+,( -.

/+- 1 jk ( .D0+*- cmῌs 0z+..D,+0mmῌh1  ,/  ++*, cmῌs @'<- 0 ,1 ` C \]a_jk(f(Ko )¡ +313 ¢

0Clay1  2345-(!$% &(6oC t + £4¤ 0+*, mmῌh1 ,t¥$%(789:; <-!$% =&(>?6 ¦§ 0+3331 h*Z[\]^_

$%  i, k, l @A8 BC +,D-/ cm jk

C &( BC &8!%<- &E 0EF1

G-<

+,

H

,ῌ-  ,./D/Y 

0+.3+*- cmῌs1 ¨*< `  }~i"G <jk (}~i"
 0 / jk @I,( 1./

D+*YR J% KLῌMNO ( 1./D+*YR J%, PQR STUVWXY 0+33/1 "8 Zjk[\]^_]( /Y, !-*( +*YR cmῌs1 J%

© *ª«¬ ; R

z*.0+ p*.**+1 ­+ KLῌMNO  A &opq( -D1+*, cmῌs 0,® /+*,

J% G, ` C \]a_&--

E(KLῌMNO b ,cE@de \]^j8ln'Fxxk@|"8 Ao_f-'g@hi$%
-,  &¯°±-(Fx|!$% ¯°±-

 ²g&¯°±- &¯°;³ 

 , ` C _&jk



j

Fx

 0 -1 {{8$²g&´ lmen'opq@hi j"¯°µr-(jt¥-{8h(&rs tuv ^uv j¶C  !´ ¯°±-"²g&¯°

k w!Fxxky±-( 12D33῍ 0+,8FxP,® 3*῍1  ¯°

$% 0 -1 &jk ( me&t.(²g&·¸*<- ­+ &rs8FxP$% 0 .1 tuv8Fxk

jk

0 1 ( Ao &¯°±-8w!Fx

( Rz*./- 8w(!$%  d @A8F ¯°±- ²g&¯°±-

xk ( Rz*.11 8!"{8$(tuv8FxP$%

&jk
8jx&¯°;8({8$!$% 0 .1 {&jk (j7:

gh : ijklmno

Zp

35

῎ῌ, 

Results of the water holding capacity, soil physical properties of surface soil ῌA-horizon῍ andsoil organic matter properties in terrace paddy ﬁelds following a#orestation

Table ,
Site

a

b



#$

#$



+,

+-

!"

c

d

#$ %&'
#$
,*
,-

e

f

g

h

i

j

#$

#$

#$

#$

#$

#$

,/

,0

,2

,2

,3*

-*

k

l

#$ %&'
#$
-+*
--

mm"
-*
,/
,2
..
.0
/+
.*
./
-0
/*
.3
0+
AW mm"
,,
+2
,1
,1
,1
..
-,
-.
+3
,,,
-3
BW mm"
2
1
+
+1
+3
1
2
++
+1
,1
,1
,,
KS cmῌs"/41(+*)- .40(+*)- ,4+(+*), 24+(+*)- +43(+*), /4+(+*), +4+(+*), .4,(+*), ,4,(+*), .4*(+*), -4*(+*), -4-(+*),
BD Mgῌm-"
*42.
*433
*42/
*41+
*410
*40.
*403
*40,
*42*40**41*403
LP
*4*.
*4*/
*4*2
*4+2
*4*1
*4,,
*4*1
*4+,
*4*1
*4+0
*4*1
*4+,
MP
*4+,
*4*3
*4*2
*4++
*4+*
*4+.
*4++
*4+.
*4+,
*4+/
*4+*
*4+1
SP
*4*2
*4*0
*4*1
*4*/
*4*2
*4*0
*4+*
*4*3
*4*1
*4*0
*4*1
*4*3
FP
*4..
*4.*4./
*4-1
*4.0
*4-0
*4.0
*4.*
*4.*
*4.*
*4.2
*4-.
FC
*4/,
*4.3
*4/,
*4.,
*4/*4.+
*4/0
*4.3
*4.1
*4.0
*4//
*4.TC tῌha"
-.
,,
/2
//
1,
.*
/1
/3
/3
/,
12
23
SC tῌha"
-.
,*
/,
/02
-+
.2
/,
/*
..
1,
20
OC tῌha"
*4.
,4/43
+42
.4,
240
34041
242
142
/41
-4,
CC gῌkg"
,3
+.
-.
-,
.2
,*
//
.2
,1
.*
/0/
AW, *+ A +" 
; BW, ,+ B +-," ; KS, *+ A +" ./0 12 ;BD, *+ A +"  34 ; LP, *+ A +" 5678 *9)*4. kPa" ; MP, *+ A +" :67
8 )*4.9)04, kPa" ; SP, *+ A +" ;678 )04,9).34+ kPa" ; FP, *+ A +" <67
8 ).34+ kPa -," ; FC *+ A +" =>)04, kPa ?3@ 8" ; TCASCBOC ; SC, C
D+ E -* cm" FGHI ; OC, J3+ Ao +" FGHI ; CC, *+ A +" FG@
8 ; * KLMNOPQR

Table -῎ῌSTU12
Correlation coe$cient between water holding capacity and soil physical and organic matter
properties


BD

LP

MP

SP

mm" *42,** )*42+** *4/3*

*41+*

*4+,

KSV

TC

SC

OC

CC

)*4/, )*4., *41**

*401*

*40.*

*4,,

*40-*

FP

FC

V

** pW*.*+ ; * pW*.*/ ;KS XY2Z[\]^_`abX*ῌ, c_`dSef

Table .

῎ῌ. *+./0 12STU12
Correlation coe$cient between saturated hydraulic conductivity of surface soil and soil
physical and organic matter properties


V

KS

BD

*412** )*41,**
V

LP

MP

SP

FP

FC

TC

SC

OC

CC

*4/-

*4/-

*4*/

)*4--

)*4,2

*4/-

*4.-

*40.*

*4-3

** pW*4*+ ; * pW*4*/ ;KS XY2Z[\]^_`abX*ῌ, c_`dSef

36

ῌῌ,

_

Fig. ,

Change in water holding capacity ofabandoned terrace paddy ﬁelds following afforestation

~,}ῌῌ.
Fig. .

_

32 ¡ L,**.Mῌῌ-_ ~<!XG<,}Fig. -

Change in water holding capacity at
surface and subsurface layer of abandoned terrace paddy ﬁelds following
a#orestation

~!X`,}Change in water holding capacity of middle and small pore of abandoned
terrace paddy ﬁelds following a#orestation at (a) surface and (b) subsurface
layer

  !"#ST8'U) VW d !X l PYZῌ[\]^_ST) [\]SP Ao <3` abT$%&#'() *+,- . 

Lcd) +33/M [\]Nefghijhk l$/0123456&$78' 9:;) mn

Ao <=>?@$*+,-w) +32+ ; xy) ,***M z{|}.z#.' A) B C

DE' FG 345C$H#
YI+.1ῌX+J+.0ῌX,K1.3

LR,I*.13Mopq

rsPt(E

u

Lv

~[\]

$# ) [\]fghPz 6%) 

 E 9

Y,  LmmM ; X+)  LNM ; X,) Ao <=o~  A) SPYZ YZῌ[\]>?@ LtῌhaM^_$ 8'

X+) X,  F OP9Q -+.2 LpR*.**+M) /., LpR*.*/M

kl :

H

 L$37^t4C)*[u;&l56E
vw2/'()
x -* cm H<y6/2

z{n -* =|}*>b~ῌPQ!R?,g2{'(@6/2PQ!@

=b~ῌ n!R?,g2/
 '6/2(@A -* =ef|}&s PQ!R?,HB&'() C#5Dk '

2ECg C q'F.G)ῌ/H ' 8A '9QR(5L$

Fig. /

Change in saturated hydraulic conductivity of surface soil (A-horizon) of
abandoned terrace paddy ﬁelds following a#orestation

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