Please refer to the definition file.

169

1. His friend spent his vacation in America last year.
2. The novel she bought was expensive.
3. The teacher told us the tale of her life.
4. She already booked a table at a famous restaurant last week.
5. The man has his own theory of the beginning of the world.
6. They usually play golf at the weekend.
7. We crossed the highway yesterday.
8. The hotel is in a beautiful location in the city.
9. They checked in at 5 o’clock in the afternoon yesterday.
10. They will check out of the hotel at noon tomorrow.
11. I wanted to go to the supermarket but it slipped my mind.
12. A friend of mine dropped out of school because of being sick.

1701. The man has his own idea of the beginning of the world. Repeat.
2. The man has his own idea of the beginning of the world. Change: theory. --[The man has his own theory of the beginning of the world.]
3. The man has his own theory of the beginning of the world. Change: woman. -- [The woman has her own theory of the beginning of the world.]
4. The woman has her own theory of the beginning of the world. Change:teacher. --- [The teacher has her own theory of the beginning of the world.]
5. The teacher has her own theory of the beginning of the world. Change:
worker. --- [The worker has her own theory of the beginning of the world.]
6. The worker has her own theory of the beginning of the world. Change:
students. --- [The students have their own theory of the beginning of the world.]1711. The book she bought was expensive. Repeat.
2. The book she bought was expensive. Change: novel. --- [The novel shebought was expensive.]
3. The novel she bought was expensive. Change: cheap. --- [The novel shebought was cheap.]
4. The novel she bought was cheap. Change: I. --- [The novel I bought wascheap.]
5. The novel I bought was cheap. Add: yesterday. --- [The novel I boughtyesterday was cheap.]
6. The novel I bought yesterday was cheap. Add: that. --- [The novel that I
bought yesterday was cheap.]
7. The novel that I bought yesterday was cheap. Change: expensive. --- [Thenovel that I bought yesterday was expensive.]
8. The novel that I bought yesterday was expensive. Add: not. --- [The novel that
I bought yesterday was not expensive.]1721. My friend dropped out of school. Repeat.
2. My friend dropped out of school. Add: has just. --- [My friend has justdropped out of school.]
3. My friend has just dropped out of school. Add: and my cousin. --- [My friend
and my cousin have just dropped out of school.]
4. My friend and my cousin have just dropped out of school. Add: because ofillness. --- [My friend and my cousin have just dropped out of school because ofillness.]173

1. We crossed the highway yesterday. Repeat.
2. We crossed the highway yesterday. Change: they. --- [They crossed thehighway yesterday.]
3. They crossed the highway yesterday. Add: to avoid the heavy traffic. --- [Theycrossed the highway yesterday to avoid the heavy traffic.]
4. They crossed the highway yesterday to avoid the heavy traffic. Change: lastnight. --- [They crossed the highway last night to avoid the heavy traffic.]
5. They crossed the highway last night to avoid the heavy traffic. Change: week.
--- [They crossed the highway last week to avoid the heavy traffic.]174

1. She already booked a table. Repeat.
2. She already booked a table. Add: at a restaurant. --- [She already booked atable at a restaurant.]
3. She already booked a table at a restaurant. Add: famous. --- [She alreadybooked a table at a famous restaurant.]
4. She already booked a table at a famous restaurant. Add: yesterday. --- [Shealready booked a table at a famous restaurant yesterday.]1751. The hotel is in a beautiful location in the city. Repeat.
2. The hotel is in a beautiful location in the city. Change: restaurant. --- [Therestaurant is in a beautiful location in the city.]
3. The restaurant is in a beautiful location in the city. Change: theater. --- [Thetheater is in a beautiful location in the city.]
4. The theater is in a beautiful location in the city. Change: good. --- [The theater
is in a good location in the city.]
5. The theater is in a good location in the city. Change: church. --- [The church
is in a good location in the city.]
6. The church is in a good location in the city. Change: village. --- [The church isin a good location in the village.]176

1. They checked in at 5 o’clock. Repeat.
2. They checked in at 5 o’clock. Add: in the afternoon. --- [They checked in at 5
o’clock in the afternoon.]
3. They checked in at 5 o’clock in the afternoon. Add: yesterday. --- [Theychecked in at 5 o’clock in the afternoon yesterday.]
4. They will check out of the hotel. Repeat.
5. They will check out of the hotel. Add: tomorrow. --- [They will check out of thehotel tomorrow.]
6. They will check out of the hotel tomorrow. Add: at noon. --- [They will checkout of the hotel at noon tomorrow.]
7. They will check out of the hotel at noon tomorrow. Change: my friend. --- [Myfriend will check out of the hotel at noon tomorrow.]
8. My friend will check out of the hotel at noon tomorrow. Transform: who. --[Who will check out of the hotel at noon tomorrow?]1771. They usually play basketball at the weekend. Repeat.
2. They usually play basketball at the weekend. Change: football. --- [Theyusually play football at the weekend.]
3. They usually play football at the weekend. Change: golf. --- [They usually playgolf at the weekend.]
4. They usually play golf at the weekend. Change: we. --- [We usually play golf
at the weekend.]
5. We usually play golf at the weekend. Change: I. --- [I usually play golf at theweekend.]
6. I usually play golf at the weekend. Change: she. --- [She usually plays golf at
the weekend.]178

1. I wanted to go to the supermarket but it slipped my mind. Repeat.
2. I wanted to go to the supermarket but it slipped my mind. Change: hospital. -- [I wanted to go to the hospital but it slipped my mind.]
3. I wanted to go to the hospital but it slipped my mind. Change: school. --- [Iwanted to go to the school but it slipped my mind.]
4. I wanted to go to the school but it slipped my mind. Change: their. --- [Iwanted to go to their school but it slipped my mind.]
5. I wanted to go to their school but it slipped my mind. Change: planned. --- [Iplanned to go to their school but it slipped my mind.]
6. I planned to go to their school but it slipped my mind. Change: house. --- [Iplanned to go to their house but it slipped my mind.]179

1. The teacher told us the tale of her life. Repeat.
2. The teacher told us the tale of her life. Change: man. --- [The man told us thetale of his life.]
3. The man told us the tale of his life. Change: woman. --- [The woman told us
the tale of her life.]
4. He told us some interesting tales about his life. Repeat.
5. He told us some interesting tales about his life. Add: in America. --- [He told
us some interesting tales about his life in America.]
6. He told us some interesting tales about his life in America. Change: exciting.
--- [He told us some exciting tales about his life in America.]
7. He told us some exciting tales about his life in America. Change: them. --- [Hetold them some exciting tales about his life in America.]
8. He told them some exciting tales about his life in America. Transform: who. -- [Who told them some exciting tales about his life in America?]

1801. His friend spent his vacation in America. Repeat.
2. His friend spent his vacation in America. Change: cousin. --- [His cousin
spent his vacation in America.]
3. His cousin spent his vacation in America. Change: Japan. --- [His cousin
spent his vacation in Japan.]
4. His cousin spent his vacation in Japan. Add: last year. --- [His cousin spenthis vacation in Japan last year.]
5. His cousin spent his vacation in Japan last year. Change: employee. --- [Hisemployee spent his vacation in Japan last year.]
6. His employee spent his vacation in Japan last year. Change: England. --- [Hisemployee spent his vacation in England last year.]
7. His employee spent his vacation in England last year. Transform: who. --[Who spent his vacation in England last year?]
8. His employee spent his vacation in England last year. Transform: when. --[When did his employee spend his vacation in England?]
9. His employee spent his vacation in England last year. Transform: where. --[Where did his employee spend his vacation last year?]
10. His employee spent his vacation in England last year. Transform: negative
sentence. --- [His employee did not spend his vacation in England last year.]181

1. Have you ever planned to do something but it slipped your mind? What wasit?
2. Where do you want to spend your vacation?
3. Do you like reading novels?
4. Do you play golf?
5. Do you know someone who dropped out of school?
6. Have you tried booking a table at a famous restaurant?
7. Is your house in a beautiful location?

182

Please refer to the definition file.

183

A relative adverb introduces a group of words, or a clause, that tells more abouta noun.
A relative adverb can be used instead of a relative pronoun plus a preposition.
The three main relative adverbs are where, when, and why.
Examples:That is the room in which we have our classes.
That is the room where we have our classes.
This is the place at which we met.
This is the place where we met.

184

1. I usually work out in this room.
2. I hang out with my friends at the weekend.
3. She focuses on studying English.
4. The girl recalled what they did at school last week.
5. My sister can afford to buy an expensive phone.
6. The manager interviewed some candidates for the job.
7. Their menu is found on the table.
8. The beautiful beaches in my town attract many tourists.
9. The beautiful beaches are one of the attractions in our country.
10. Teaching is her greatest skill.

185

1. This is the building in which we first met.
2. This is the building where we first met.
3. That is the store in which my sister works.
4. That is the store where my sister works.
5. That is the school in which I studied English.
6. That is the school where I studied English.

186

1. This is the room in which I usually work out. Repeat.
2. This is the room in which I usually work out. Change: where. --- [This is theroom where I usually work out.]
3. This is the room where I usually work out. Change: building. --- [This is thebuilding where I usually work out.]
4. This is the building where I usually work out. Change: place. --- [This is theplace where I usually work out.]
5. This is the place where I usually work out. Change: hang out. --- [This is theplace where I usually hang out.]
6. This is the place where I usually hang out. Change: they. --- [This is the place
where they usually hang out.]
7. This is the place where they usually hang out. Change: sometimes. --- [This is
the place where they sometimes hang out.]
8. This is the place where they sometimes hang out. Change: we. --- [This is theplace where we sometimes hang out.]

1871. This is the place at which tourists always take photos. Repeat.
2. This is the place at which tourists always take photos. Change: beach. --[This is the beach at which tourists always take photos.]
3. This is the beach at which tourists always take photos. Change: where. --[This is the beach where tourists always take photos.]
4. That beautiful beach is an attraction at which tourists always take photos.
Repeat.
5. That beautiful beach is an attraction at which tourists always take photos.
Change: where. --- [That beautiful beach is an attraction where tourists always
take photos.]
6. That beautiful beach is an attraction where tourists always take photos.
Change: restaurant. --- [That beautiful restaurant is an attraction where tourists
always take photos.]
7. That beautiful restaurant is an attraction where tourists always take photos.
Change: city. --- [That beautiful city is an attraction where tourists always takephotos.]188

1. This is the room in which she can focus on answering the test. Repeat.
2. This is the room in which she can focus on answering the test. Change: they.
--- [This is the room in which they can focus on answering the test.]
3. This is the room in which they can focus on answering the test. Change:
where. --- [This is the room where they can focus on answering the test.]
4. This is the room where they can focus on answering the test. Change: exam.
--- [This is the room where they can focus on answering the exam.]5. This is the room where they can focus on answering the exam. Change: we. -- [This is the room where we can focus on answering the exam.]6. This is the room where we can focus on answering the exam. Change: I. --[This is the room where I can focus on answering the exam.]189

1. The girl recalled what they did at school last week. Repeat.
2. The girl recalled what they did at school last week. Change: she. --- [The girlrecalled what she did at school last week.]
3. The girl recalled what she did at school last week. Change: home. --- [The girlrecalled what she did at home last week.]
4. The girl recalled what she did at home last week. Change: woman. --- [Thewoman recalled what she did at home last week.]
5. The woman recalled what she did at home last week. Change: office. --- [Thewoman recalled what she did in the office last week.]
6. The woman recalled what she did in the office last week. Change: president. -- [The president recalled what she did in the office last week.]190

1. Their menu is found on the table. Repeat.
2. Their menu is found on the table. Change: desk. --- [Their menu is found on
the desk.]
3. Their menu is found on the desk. Transform: what. --- [What is found on thedesk?]
4. Their menu is found on the desk. Transform: where. --- [Where is the menu
found?]
5. The menu is placed on the table. Repeat.
6. The menu is placed on the table. Transform: where. --- [Where is the menu
placed?]7. The menu is placed on the table. Transform: what. --- [What is placed on thetable?]
8. The menu is placed on the table. Add: by the man. --- [The menu is placed on
the table by the man.]191

1. My sister can afford to buy an expensive phone. Repeat.
2. My sister can afford to buy an expensive phone. Change: brother. --- [Mybrother can afford to buy an expensive phone.]
3. My brother can afford to buy an expensive phone. Change: house. --- [Mybrother can afford to buy an expensive house.]
4. My brother can afford to buy an expensive house. Change: friend. --- [Myfriend can afford to buy an expensive house.]
5. My friend can afford to buy an expensive house. Change: dress. --- [My friend
can afford to buy an expensive dress.]
6. My friend’s skill is teaching. Repeat.
7. My friend’s skill is teaching. Add: greatest. --- [My friend’s greatest skill isteaching.]
8. My friend’s greatest skill is teaching. Change: mother. --- [My mother’s
greatest skill is teaching.]
9. My mother’s greatest skill is teaching. Change: cooking. --- [My mother’s
greatest skill is cooking.]
10. My mother’s greatest skill is cooking. Change: sister. --- [My sister’s
greatest skill is cooking.]

192

1. The beautiful beaches in my town attract many people. Repeat.
2. The beautiful beaches in my town attract many people. Change: tourists. --[The beautiful beaches in my town attract many tourists.]
3. The beautiful beaches in my town attract many tourists. Change: country. --[The beautiful beaches in my country attract many tourists.]
4. The beautiful beaches in my country attract many tourists. Change: our. --[The beautiful beaches in our country attract many tourists.]
5. The beautiful beaches in our country attract many tourists. Change: spots. --[The beautiful spots in our country attract many tourists.]
6. The beautiful spots in our country attract many tourists. Change: churches. -- [The beautiful churches in our country attract many tourists.]193

1. The manager interviewed some candidates for the job. Repeat.
2. The manager interviewed some candidates for the job. Change: a few. --- [Themanager interviewed a few candidates for the job.]
3. The manager interviewed a few candidates for the job. Add: just. --- [Themanager interviewed just a few candidates for the job.]
4. The manager interviewed just a few candidates for the job. Change: position.
--- [The manager interviewed just a few candidates for the position.]
5. The manager interviewed just a few candidates for the position. Transform:
who. --- [Who interviewed just a few candidates for the position?]
6. The manager interviewed just a few candidates for the position. Transform:
future tense. --- [The manager will interview just a few candidates for the
position.]194

1. This is the restaurant in which I usually eat. Repeat.
2. This is the restaurant in which I usually eat. Change: where. --- [This is therestaurant where I usually eat.]
3. This is the restaurant where I usually eat. Change: tourist attraction, visit. --[This is the tourist attraction where I usually visit.]
4. This is the tourist attraction where I usually visit. Change: they. --- [This is thetourist attraction where they usually visit.]
5. This is the tourist attraction where they usually visit. Change: always. --[This is the tourist attraction where they always visit.]
6. This is the tourist attraction where they always visit. Change: place. --- [Thisis the place where they always visit.]
7. This is the place where they always visit. Change: we. --- [This is the place
where we always visit.]
8. This is the place where we always visit. Change: hang out. --- [This is theplace where we always hang out.]
9. This is the place where we always hang out. Change: work out. --- [This is theplace where we always work out.]
10. This is the place where we always work out. Add: at the weekend. --- [This is
the place where we always work out at the weekend.]195

1. Where do you usually hang out with your friends?
2. Do you know somebody who works out?
3. Are there beautiful attractions in your country? What?
4. What are your skills?
5. What is your greatest skill?
6. Can you afford to buy an expensive phone?
7. Can all people in your country afford to buy expensive phones?
8. Can you recall what you did yesterday? What?

196

197

198

199

1. She blacked out right after the accident.
2. We finally had a serious talk last night; that was a load off my mind.
3. He is really into music and movies.
4. I can’t make head or tail of what he said to me last night.
5. She filled the glass up with water.
6. I can’t tell you the problem; my lips are sealed.
7. To know English grammar is important.
8. My friend likes to write poems.
9. Her favorite poet is William Shakespeare.
10. He is famous for his love of poetry.
11. My sister likes to write essays.
12. She usually drops off when she listens to music.

200[1. She blacked out | right after the accident.][2. We finally had a serious talk last night; | that was a load off my mind.][3. She usually drops off | when she listens to music.][4. She filled the glass up | with water.][5. He filled the two glasses up | with orange juice.][6. I can’t make head or tail of what he said to me | last night.]

201

1. She is interested in reading books. Repeat.
2. She is interested in reading books. Change: my friend. --- [My friend is interested
in reading books.]
3. My friend is interested in reading books. Change: into. --- [My friend is into
reading books.]
4. My friend is into reading books. Change: poems. --- [My friend is into reading
poems.]
5. My friend is into reading poems. Change: writing. --- [My friend is into writing
poems.]
6. My friend is into writing poems. Change: sister. --- [My sister is into writing
poems.]
7. My sister is into writing poems. Change: essays. --- [My sister is into writing
essays.]8. My sister is into writing essays. Change: daughter. --- [My daughter is into writing
essays.]
9. My daughter is into writing essays. Change: his. --- [His daughter is into writing
essays.]10. His daughter is into writing essays. Add: poems. --- [His daughter is into writing
essays and poems.]
11. His daughter is into writing essays and poems. Transform: who. --- [Who is intowriting essays and poems?]

202

1. She blacked out right after the accident. Repeat.
2. She blacked out right after the accident. Change: he. --- [He blacked out rightafter the accident.]
3. He blacked out right after the accident. Change: the lady. --- [The lady
blacked out right after the accident.]
4. The lady blacked out right after the accident. Change: man. --- [The man
blacked out right after the accident.]
5. The man blacked out right after the accident. Change: woman. --- [Thewoman blacked out right after the accident.]
6. The woman blacked out right after the accident. Change: manager. --- [Themanager blacked out right after the accident.]2031. To know grammar is important. Repeat.
2. To know grammar is important. Add: English. --- [To know English grammar
is important.]
3. To know English grammar is important. Add: very. --- [To know English
grammar is very important.]
4. To know English grammar is very important. Add: for students. --- [To know
English grammar is very important for students.]204

1. The teacher told us the tale of her life. Repeat.
2. The teacher told us the tale of her life. Change: man. --- [The man told us thetale of his life.]
3. The man told us the tale of his life. Change: woman. --- [The woman told us
the tale of her life.]
4. He told us some interesting tales about his life. Repeat.
5. He told us some interesting tales about his life. Add: in America. --- [He told
us some interesting tales about his life in America.]
6. He told us some interesting tales about his life in America. Change: exciting.
--- [He told us some exciting tales about his life in America.]
7. He told us some exciting tales about his life in America. Change: them. --- [Hetold them some exciting tales about his life in America.]
8. He told them some exciting tales about his life in America. Transform: who. -- [Who told them some exciting tales about his life in America?]205

1. The book she bought was expensive. Repeat.
2. The book she bought was expensive. Change: novel. --- [The novel shebought was expensive.]
3. The novel she bought was expensive. Change: cheap. --- [The novel shebought was cheap.]
4. The novel she bought was cheap. Change: I. --- [The novel I bought wascheap.]
5. The novel I bought was cheap. Add: yesterday. --- [The novel I boughtyesterday was cheap.]
6. The novel I bought yesterday was cheap. Add: that. --- [The novel that I
bought yesterday was cheap.]
7. The novel that I bought yesterday was cheap. Change: expensive. --- [Thenovel that I bought yesterday was expensive.]
8. The novel that I bought yesterday was expensive. Add: not. --- [The novel that
I bought yesterday was not expensive.]206

1. The man has his own idea of the beginning of the world. Repeat.
2. The man has his own idea of the beginning of the world. Change: theory. --[The man has his own theory of the beginning of the world.]
3. The man has his own theory of the beginning of the world. Change: woman. -- [The woman has her own theory of the beginning of the world.]
4. The woman has her own theory of the beginning of the world. Change:teacher. --- [The teacher has her own theory of the beginning of the world.]
5. The teacher has her own theory of the beginning of the world. Change:
worker. --- [The worker has her own theory of the beginning of the world.]
6. The worker has her own theory of the beginning of the world. Change:
students. --- [The students have their own theory of the beginning of the world.]207

1. This is the building in which we first met.
2. This is the building where we first met.
3. That is the store in which my sister works.
4. That is the store where my sister works.
5. That is the school in which I studied English.
6. That is the school where I studied English.

208

1. This is the room in which I usually work out. Repeat.
2. This is the room in which I usually work out. Change: where. --- [This is theroom where I usually work out.]
3. This is the room where I usually work out. Change: building. --- [This is thebuilding where I usually work out.]
4. This is the building where I usually work out. Change: place. --- [This is theplace where I usually work out.]
5. This is the place where I usually work out. Change: hang out. --- [This is theplace where I usually hang out.]
6. This is the place where I usually hang out. Change: they. --- [This is the place
where they usually hang out.]
7. This is the place where they usually hang out. Change: sometimes. --- [This is
the place where they sometimes hang out.]
8. This is the place where they sometimes hang out. Change: we. --- [This is theplace where we sometimes hang out.]

209

1. Where do you usually hang out with your friends?
2. Do you know somebody who works out?
3. Are there beautiful attractions in your country? Like what?
4. What are your skills?
5. What is your greatest skill?
6. Can you afford to buy an expensive phone?
7. Can all people in your country afford to buy expensive phones?
8. Can you recall what you did yesterday? What did you do?

210

1. She is interested in reading books.
Change: my friend – [My friend is interested in reading books.]
2. My daughter is into writing essays.
Change: his – [His daughter is into writing essays.]
3. His favorite poet is William Shakespeare.
Change: my – [My favorite poet is William Shakespeare.]4. The man has his own idea of the beginning of the world.
Change: theory – [The man has his own theory of the beginning of the world.]

211

5. The novel that I bought yesterday was cheap.
Change: expensive – [The novel that I bought yesterday was expensive.]
6. They crossed the highway yesterday to avoid the heavy traffic.
Change: last night – [They crossed the highway last night to avoid the heavy
traffic.]
7. This is the place where I usually hang out.
Change: they – [This is the place where they usually hang out.]212

- The relative adverb when means “in which”, “on which”, or “at which” and isused to refer to a time expression.
Examples:I remember the day on which we first met. / I remember the day when we firstmet.
December is the month in which most people in my country gather together. /December is the month when most people in my country gather together.
8 a.m. is the time at which I get up. / 8 a.m. is the time when I get up.
Sometimes, another word such as “time” or “point” needs to be used with “atwhich” to make “at which time” or “at which point”.
“When” replaces all 3 words in such cases.
I arrived home at 10 o’clock at which time/point my parents were already asleep.
I arrived home at 10 o’clock when my parents were already asleep.

213

1. I remember the day on which we first met.
2. I remember the day when we first met.
3. July 21st was the date on which they had an accident.
4. July 21st was the date when they had an accident.
5. January is the month in which I visit my relatives’ place.
6. January is the month when I visit my relatives’ place.
7. I arrived home at 10 o’clock at which time my parents were already asleep.
8. I arrived home at 10 o’clock when my parents were already asleep.

214

1. I remember the day on which we first met. Repeat.
2. I remember the day on which we first met. Change: when. --- [I remember the
day when we first met.]
3. I remember the day when we first met. Change: year. --- [I remember the year
when we first met.]
4. I remember the year when we first met. Change: in which. --- [I remember theyear in which we first met.]
5. I remember the year in which we first met. Change: last. --- [I remember theyear in which we last met.]
6. I remember the year in which we last met. Change: when. --- [I remember theyear when we last met.]
7. I remember the year when we last met. Change: talked. --- [I remember theyear when we last talked.]215

1. I arrived home at 10 o’clock. Repeat.
2. I arrived home at 10 o’clock. Add: at which they were asleep. --- [I arrived
home at 10 o’clock at which they were asleep.]
3. I arrived home at 10 o’clock at which they were asleep. Change: when. --- [Iarrived home at 10 o’clock when they were asleep.]
4. I arrived home at 10 o’clock when they were asleep. Change: 11. --- [I arrived
home at 11 o’clock when they were asleep.]
5. I arrived home at 11 o’clock when they were asleep. Add: already. --- [I arrived
home at 11 o’clock when they were already asleep.]
6. I arrived home at 11 o’clock when they were already asleep. Transform: who.
--- [Who arrived home at 11 o’clock when they were already asleep?]216

1. July was the month in which they had an accident. Repeat.
2. July was the month in which they had an accident. Change: March. --- [March
was the month in which they had an accident.]
3. March was the month in which they had an accident. Add: 21st; change: date.
--- [March 21st was the date on which they had an accident.]
4. March 21st was the date on which they had an accident. Change: June. --[June 21st was the date on which they had an accident.]
5. June 21st was the date on which they had an accident. Change: when. --[June 21st was the date when they had an accident.]
6. June 21st was the date when they had an accident. Change: activity. --- [June21st was the date when they had an activity.]
7. June 21st was the date when they had an activity. Add: at school. --- [June21st was the date when they had an activity at school.]217

1. There are days on which students are lazy. Repeat.
2. There are days on which students are lazy. Change: when. --- [There are days
when students are lazy.]3. There are days when students are lazy. Add: my. --- [There are days when mystudents are lazy.]4. There are days when my students are lazy. Change: children. --- [There aredays when my children are lazy.]5. There are times at which it’s safe to walk alone at night in my town. Repeat.
6. There are times at which it’s safe to walk alone at night in my town. Change:
dangerous. --- [There are times at which it’s dangerous to walk alone at night in
my town.]
7. There are times at which it’s dangerous to walk alone at night in my town.
Change: when. --- [There are times when it’s dangerous to walk alone at night in
my town.]
8. There are times when it’s dangerous to walk alone at night in my town.
Change: city. --- [There are times when it’s dangerous to walk alone at night in
my city.]218

1. I arrived home at 10 o’clock on which my parents were already asleep. --[incorrect – at which]
2. There are days on which students are lazy. --- [correct]
3. She arrived home at 11 o’clock at which time her parents were alreadyasleep. --- [correct]
4. June 21st was the time at which they had an accident. --- [incorrect – onwhich]
5. There are times when it’s dangerous to walk alone at night in my town. --[correct]
6. I remember the year on which we last met. --- [incorrect – in which]
7. January is the month in which I visit my relatives’ place. --- [correct]219

[1. I arrived home at 10 o’clock at which my parents were already asleep.][2. June 21st was the time on which they had an accident.][3. I remember the year in which we last met.][4. There are times at which it’s dangerous to walk alone at night in my town.]220

[5. December is the month when most people in my country gather together.][6. December is the month in which most people in my country gather together.][7. There are days on which my children are lazy.][8. There are times when it’s safe to walk alone at night in my town.]

221

Please refer to the definition file.

222

The relative adverb why means “for which” and is used to refer to a reason.
Examples:I don’t know the reason for which John is not in school today.
I don’t know the reason why John is not in school today.
The man can’t find the reasons for which he loves her.
The man can’t find the reasons why he loves her.

223

1. My father warned me that it’s dangerous to walk alone in the evening.
2. My father gave me a warning about the danger of walking alone in theevening.
3. The manager blamed the worker for the accident.
4. The teacher assumed that the student understood the lesson.
5. The teacher’s assumption was wrong.
6. Bad things always disappoint people.
7. She has a tendency to go to work late.
8. I believe in learning by doing.
9. All work and no play is not a good thing for people.
10. He gave the competition his best shot in order to win.

224

1. She slept early because she has a tendency to wake up late.
2. The reason for which she slept early is her tendency to wake up late.
3. The reason why she slept early is her tendency to wake up late.
4. Danger is the reason for which my father doesn’t want me to go home late.
5. Danger is the reason why my father doesn’t want me to go home late.
6. I don’t know the reason for which John is not in school today.
7. I don’t know the reason why John is not in school today.

2251. The reason for which she slept early is her tendency to wake up late. Repeat.
2. The reason for which she slept early is her tendency to wake up late. Change:
why. --- [The reason why she slept early is her tendency to wake up late.]
3. The reason why she slept early is her tendency to wake up late. Change: I. --[The reason why I slept early is my tendency to wake up late.]
4. The reason why I slept early is my tendency to wake up late. Change: you. --[The reason why you slept early is your tendency to wake up late.]
5. The reason why you slept early is your tendency to wake up late. Change:
they. --- [The reason why they slept early is their tendency to wake up late.]226

1. I believe in learning by doing. Repeat.
2. I believe in learning by doing. Change: she. --- [She believes in learning by
doing.]
3. She believes in learning by doing. Change: studying. --- [She believes inlearning by studying.]
4. She believes in learning by studying. Change: people. --- [People believe in
learning by studying.]
5. People believe in learning by studying. Change: doing. --- [People believe in
learning by doing.]

227

1. Bad things disappoint people. Repeat.
2. Bad things disappoint people. Add: usually. --- [Bad things usuallydisappoint people.]
3. Bad things usually disappoint people. Change: always. --- [Bad things always
disappoint people.]
4. Bad things always disappoint people. Change: us. --- [Bad things always
disappoint us.]
5. Bad things always disappoint us. Change: me. --- [Bad things always
disappoint me.]
6. His son failed the exam; it disappointed him. Repeat.
7. His son failed the exam; it disappointed him. Transform: who. --- [Who failed
in the exam?]
8. His son failed the exam; it disappointed him. Transform: what. --- [Whatdisappointed him?]228

1. Danger is the reason for which my father gave me a warning. Repeat.
2. Danger is the reason for which my father gave me a warning. Change: why. -- [Danger is the reason why my father gave me a warning.]
3. Danger is the reason why my father gave me a warning. Add: about walking
alone in the evening. --- [Danger is the reason why my father gave me a warning
about walking alone in the evening.]
4. My father warned me that it’s dangerous to walk alone in the evening. Repeat.
5. My father warned me that it’s dangerous to walk alone in the evening.
Change: mother. --- [My mother warned me that it’s dangerous to walk alone in
the evening.]
6. My mother warned me that it’s dangerous to walk alone in the evening.
Change: brother. --- [My brother warned me that it’s dangerous to walk alone in
the evening.]229

1. The teacher assumed the student understood the lesson. Repeat.
2. The teacher assumed the student understood the lesson. Add: that. --- [Theteacher assumed that the student understood the lesson.]
3. The teacher assumed that the student understood the lesson. Add: didn’t. --[The teacher assumed that the student didn’t understand the lesson.]
4. The teacher assumed that the student didn’t understand the lesson. Add:
new. --- [The teacher assumed that the student didn’t understand the newlesson.]5. The teacher assumed that the student didn’t understand the new lesson.
Add: yesterday. --- [The teacher assumed that the student didn’t understand the
new lesson yesterday.]230

1. The teacher’s assumption was wrong. Repeat.
2. The teacher’s assumption was wrong. Change: right. --- [The teacher’s
assumption was right.]
3. The teacher’s assumption was right. Change: correct. --- [The teacher’s
assumption was correct.]
4. The teacher’s assumption was correct. Change: my. --- [My teacher’s
assumption was correct.]
5. My teacher’s assumption was correct. Change: mother. --- [My mother’s
assumption was correct.]
6. My mother’s assumption was correct. Change: manager. --- [My manager’s
assumption was correct.]231

1. All work and no play is not a good thing. Repeat.
2. All work and no play is not a good thing. Add: for people. --- [All work and noplay is not a good thing for people.]
3. All work and no play is not a good thing for people. Change: you. --- [All workand no play is not a good thing for you.]
4. All work and no play is not a good thing for you. Change: him. --- [All workand no play is not a good thing for him.]
5. All work and no play is the reason for which she’s now sick. Repeat.
6. All work and no play is the reason for which she’s now sick. Change: they. --[All work and no play is the reason for which they are now sick.]
7. All work and no play is the reason for which they are now sick. Change: why.
--- [All work and no play is the reason why they are now sick.]
8. All work and no play is the reason why they are now sick. Change: you. --[All work and no play is the reason why you are now sick.]232

1. The manager blamed the worker for the accident. Repeat.
2. The manager blamed the worker for the accident. Change: president. --- [Thepresident blamed the worker for the accident.]
3. The president blamed the worker for the accident. Change: shop owner. --[The shop owner blamed the worker for the accident.]
4. The shop owner blamed the worker for the accident. Change: me. --- [Theshop owner blamed me for the accident.]
5. An accident happened in the office; that’s the reason for which he blamedme. Repeat.
6. An accident happened in the office; that’s the reason for which he blamed
me. Change: why. --- [An accident happened in the office; that’s the reason why
he blamed me.]7. An accident happened in the office; that’s the reason why he blamed me.
Change: they. --- [An accident happened in the office; that’s the reason why
they blamed me.]8. An accident happened in the office; that’s the reason why they blamed me.
Change: home. --- [An accident happened at home; that’s the reason why they
blamed me.]233

1. He gave the competition his best shot in order to win. Repeat.
2. He gave the competition his best shot in order to win. Change: she. --- [Shegave the competition her best shot in order to win.]
3. She gave the competition her best shot in order to win. Change: the players. -- [The players gave the competition their best shot in order to win.]
4. The players gave the competition their best shot in order to win. Change: it. -- [The players gave it their best shot in order to win.]
5. The reason for which they won the game was that they gave it their best shot.
Repeat.
6. The reason for which they won the game was that they gave it their best shot.
Change: I. --- [The reason for which I won the game was that I gave it my best
shot.]
7. The reason for which I won the game was that I gave it my best shot. Change:
why. --- [The reason why I won the game was that I gave it my best shot.]
8. The reason why I won the game was that I gave it my best shot. Change: he. -- [The reason why he won the game was that he gave it his best shot.]
9. The reason why he won the game was that he gave it his best shot. Change:
you. --- [The reason why you won the game was that you gave it your best
shot.]
10. The reason why you won the game was that you gave it your best shot.
Change: competition. --- [The reason why you won the competition was thatyou gave it your best shot.]234

1. All work and no play is the reason in which they are now sick. - [incorrect All work and no play is the reason for which they are now sick.]
2. Danger is the reason why my father gave me a warning. - [correct]
3. The reason which you won the game was that you gave it your best shot. [incorrect - The reason why you won the game was that you gave it your best
shot. ]
4. The man can’t find the reasons by which he loves her. - [incorrect - The man
can’t find the reasons for which he loves her. ]5. The teacher doesn’t know the reason why John is not in school today. [correct]

235

236

237

Please refer to the definition file.

238

An infinitive can be used as the subject of a clause; however, it is
not very common.
We usually prefer to start the sentence with an “it” if the subject of a clause isan infinitive .
Examples:To learn English is fun. / It is fun to learn English.
To go to England is my friend’s dream. / It is my friend’s dream to go to
England.

239

1. The woman was crying in terror when the accident happened.
2. The man showed us some card tricks.
3. The government attempted to stop the crime in my country.
4. The government made an attempt to stop the crime in my country.
5. She tried to balance the book on her head.
6. She lost her balance and fell over.
7. Many sick people will benefit from the new drug.
8. The workers received many benefits from the company.
9. I was born in 1884: you work out my age.
10. I can account for the mistake I made.
11. Her parents found out that she was pregnant.
12. She is checking out the book I gave her.

240

1. To learn English is fun.
2. It is fun to learn English.
3. To make another attempt in order to win the game is a good thing.
4. It is a good thing to make another attempt in order to win the game.
5. To account for the mistake I made is not very easy.
6. It is not very easy to account for the mistake I made.
7. To go to England is one benefit I have in our company.
8. It is one benefit I have in the company to go to England.

2411. The man showed us some card tricks. Repeat.
2. The man showed us some card tricks. Change: girl. --- [The girl showed us
some card tricks.]
3. The girl showed us some card tricks. Change: boy. --- [The boy showed us
some card tricks.]
4. The boy showed us some card tricks. Change: woman. --- [The woman
showed us some card tricks.]
5. The woman showed us some card tricks. Change: he. --- [He showed us
some card tricks.]
6. He showed us some card tricks. Change: they. --- [They showed us somecard tricks.]242

1. The woman was crying in terror. Repeat.
2. The woman was crying in terror. Add: when the accident happened. --- [Thewoman was crying in terror when the accident happened.]
3. The woman was crying in terror when the accident happened. Change: girl. -- [The girl was crying in terror when the accident happened.]
4. The girl was crying in terror when the accident happened. Change: mother. --[The mother was crying in terror when the accident happened.]
5. The mother was crying in terror when the accident happened. Transform:
who. --- [Who was crying in terror when the accident happened?]
6. The mother was crying in terror when the accident happened. Transform:
when. --- [When was the mother crying in terror?]243

1. The teacher checked out my paper. Repeat.
2. The teacher checked out my paper. Add: when I was answering. --- [Theteacher checked out my paper when I was answering.]
3. The teacher checked out my paper when I was answering. Change: writing. --[The teacher checked out my paper when I was writing.]
4. The teacher checked out my paper when I was writing. Change: student. --[The student checked out my paper when I was writing.]
5. I can account for the mistake I made. Repeat.
6. I can account for the mistake I made. Change: she. --- [She can account forthe mistake she made.]
7. She can account for the mistake she made. Change: had. --- [She canaccount for the mistake she had.]
8. She can account for the mistake she had. Add: in the exam. --- [She canaccount for the mistake she had in the exam.]244

1. She tried to balance the book on her head. Repeat.
2. She tried to balance the book on her head. Change: pen, hand. --- [She tried
to balance the pen on her hand.]3. She tried to balance the pen on her hand. Change: he, his. --- [He tried tobalance the pen on his hand.]4. He tried to balance the pen on his hand. Change: books, arm. --- [He tried tobalance the books on his arm.]
5. She lost her balance and fell over. Repeat.
6. She lost her balance and fell over. Change: he, his. --- [He lost his balance
and fell over.]7. He lost his balance and fell over. Change: they, their. --- [They lost theirbalance and fell over.]8. They lost their balance and fell over. Change: I, my. --- [I lost my balance andfell over.]245

1. To go to England is one benefit I have in our company. Repeat.
2. To go to England is one benefit I have in our company. Change: America. --[To go to America is one benefit I have in our company.]
3. To go to America is one benefit I have in our company. Transform: what. --[What is one benefit I have in our company?]
4. It is one benefit I have in the company to go to England. Repeat.
5. It is one benefit I have in the company to go to England. Change: she. --- [It is
one benefit she has in the company to go to England.]
6. It is one benefit she has in the company to go to England. Change: workers. -- [It is one benefit the workers have in the company to go to England.]
7. Many sick people will benefit from the new drug. Repeat.
8. Many sick people will benefit from the new drug. Add: old. --- [Many sick oldpeople will benefit from the new drug.]
9. Many sick old people will benefit from the new drug. Transform: who. --- [Whowill benefit from the new drug?]
10. Many sick old people will benefit from the new drug. Transform: past. --[Many sick old people benefitted from the new drug.]246

1. The government attempted to stop the crime in my country. Repeat.
2. The government attempted to stop the crime in my country. Change:president. --- [The president attempted to stop the crime in my country.]
3. The president attempted to stop the crime in my country. Transform: who. --[Who attempted to stop the crime in my country?]
4. The president attempted to stop the crime in my country. Transform: what. --[What did the president attempt to stop in my country?]
5. The government made an attempt to stop the crime in my country. Repeat.
6. The government made an attempt to stop the crime in my country. Change:president. --- [The president made an attempt to stop the crime in my country.]
7. The president made an attempt to stop the crime in my country. Transform:
who. --- [Who made an attempt to stop the crime in my country?]
8. The president made an attempt to stop the crime in my country. Transform:
where. --- [Where did the president make an attempt to stop the crime?]247

1. I was born in 1884: you work out my age. Repeat.
2. I was born in 1884: you work out my age. Change: she, her. --- [She was bornin 1884; you work out her age.]
3. She was born in 1884; you work out her age. Change: he, his. --- [He wasborn in 1884; you work out his age.]
4. He was born in 1884; you work out his age. Change: they, their. --- [They wereborn in 1884; you work out their age.]
5. They were able to work out their family problem. Repeat.
6. They were able to work out their family problem. Change: we, our. --- [Wewere able to work out our family problem.]
7. We were able to work out our family problem. Change: she, her. --- [She wasable to work out her family problem.]
8. She was able to work out her family problem. Change: you, your. --- [Youwere able to work out your family problem.]248

1. Her parents found out that she was pregnant. Repeat.
2. Her parents found out that she was pregnant. Add: and her brother. --- [Herparents and her brother found out that she was pregnant.]
3. Her parents and her brother found out that she was pregnant. Change: sick. -- [Her parents and her brother found out that she was sick.]
4. Her parents and her brother found out that she was sick. Change: lying. --[Her parents and her brother found out that she was lying.]
5. Her parents and her brother found out that she was lying. Add: to them. --[Her parents and her brother found out that she was lying to them.]
6. Her parents and her brother found out that she was lying to them. Transform:
who. --- [Who found out that she was lying to them?]
7. Her parents and her brother found out that she was lying to them. Add: didnot. --- [Her parents and her brother did not find out that she was lying to them.]249

1. To find out his problem is difficult. Repeat.
2. To find out his problem is difficult. Add: a little. --- [To find out his problem isa little difficult.]
3. To find out his problem is a little difficult. Transform: preparatory it. --- [It is alittle difficult to find out his problem.]
4. It is a little difficult to find out his problem. Change: very. --- [It is very difficult
to find out his problem.]
5. It is very difficult to find out his problem. Transform: whose. --- [Whose
problem is very difficult to find out?]
6. To go to England is my friend’s dream. Repeat.
7. To go to England is my friend’s dream. Transform: preparatory it. --- [It is myfriend’s dream to go to England.]
8. It is my friend’s dream to go to England. Change: sister. --- [It is my sister’s
dream to go to England.]
9. It is my sister’s dream to go to England. Change: America. --- [It is my sister’s
dream to go to America.]
10. It is my sister’s dream to go to America. Transform: what. --- [What is mysister’s dream?]250

[1. It is fun to study English.][2. It is my sister’s dream to go to England.][3. It is difficult to find out his problem.][4. It is not very easy to account for the mistake I made.][5. It is one benefit I have in the company to go to England.][6. It is a good thing to make another attempt in order to win the game.][7. It is easy for me to balance the book on my head.]

251

252

253

254

255

256

1. I remember the day on which we first met.
2. I remember the day when we first met.
3. July 21st was the date on which they had an accident.
4. July 21st was the date when they had an accident.
5. January is the month in which I visit my relatives’ place.
6. January is the month when I visit my relatives’ place.
7. I arrived home at 10 o’clock at which time my parents were already asleep.
8. I arrived home at 10 o’clock when my parents were already asleep.

257

1. I remember the day on which we first met. Repeat.
2. I remember the day on which we first met. Change: when. --- [I remember the
day when we first met.]
3. I remember the day when we first met. Change: year. --- [I remember the year
when we first met.]
4. I remember the year when we first met. Change: in which. --- [I remember theyear in which we first met.]
5. I remember the year in which we first met. Change: last. --- [I remember theyear in which we last met.]
6. I remember the year in which we last met. Change: when. --- [I remember theyear when we last met.]
7. I remember the year when we last met. Change: talked. --- [I remember theyear when we last talked.]258

1. I arrived home at 10 o’clock on which my parents were already asleep. --[incorrect – at which]
2. There are days on which students are lazy. --- [correct]
3. She arrived home at 11 o’clock at which time her parents were alreadyasleep. --- [correct]
4. June 21st was the time at which they had an accident. --- [incorrect – onwhich]
5. There are times when it’s dangerous to walk alone at night in my town. --[correct]
6. I remember the year on which we last met. --- [incorrect – in which]
7. January is the month in which I visit my relatives’ place. --- [correct]259

[1. I arrived home at 10 o’clock at which my parents were already asleep.][2. June 21st was the time on which they had an accident.][3. I remember the year in which we last met.][4. There are times at which it’s dangerous to walk alone at night in my town.]

260

[5. December is the month when most people in my country gather together.][6. December is the month in which most people in my country gather together.][7. There are days on which my children are lazy.][8. There are times when it’s safe to walk alone at night in my town.]

261

1. She slept early because she has a tendency to wake up late.
2. The reason for which she slept early is her tendency to wake up late.
3. The reason why she slept early is her tendency to wake up late.
4. Danger is the reason for which my father doesn’t want me to go home late.
5. Danger is the reason why my father doesn’t want me to go home late.
6. I don’t know the reason for which John is not in school today.
7. I don’t know the reason why John is not in school today.

262

1. The reason for which she slept early is her tendency to wake up late. Repeat.
2. The reason for which she slept early is her tendency to wake up late. Change:
why. --- [The reason why she slept early is her tendency to wake up late.]
3. The reason why she slept early is her tendency to wake up late. Change: I. --[The reason why I slept early is my tendency to wake up late.]
4. The reason why I slept early is my tendency to wake up late. Change: you. --[The reason why you slept early is your tendency to wake up late.]
5. The reason why you slept early is your tendency to wake up late. Change:
they. --- [The reason why they slept early is their tendency to wake up late.]263

1. He gave the competition his best shot in order to win. Repeat.
2. He gave the competition his best shot in order to win. Change: she. --- [Shegave the competition her best shot in order to win.]
3. She gave the competition her best shot in order to win. Change: the players. -- [The players gave the competition their best shot in order to win.]
4. The players gave the competition their best shot in order to win. Change: it. -- [The players gave it their best shot in order to win.]
5. The reason for which they won the game was that they gave it their best shot.
Repeat.
6. The reason for which they won the game was that they gave it their best shot.
Change: I. --- [The reason for which I won the game was that I gave it my best
shot.]
7. The reason for which I won the game was that I gave it my best shot. Change:
why. --- [The reason why I won the game was that I gave it my best shot.]
8. The reason why I won the game was that I gave it my best shot. Change: he. -- [The reason why he won the game was that he gave it his best shot.]
9. The reason why he won the game was that he gave it his best shot. Change:
you. --- [The reason why you won the game was that you gave it your best
shot.]
10. The reason why you won the game was that you gave it your best shot.
Change: competition. --- [The reason why you won the competition was thatyou gave it your best shot.]264

1. To find out his problem is difficult. Repeat.
2. To find out his problem is difficult. Add: a little. --- [To find out his problem isa little difficult.]
3. To find out his problem is a little difficult. Transform: preparatory it. --- [It is alittle difficult to find out his problem.]
4. It is a little difficult to find out his problem. Change: very. --- [It is very
difficult to find out his problem.]
5. It is very difficult to find out his problem. Transform: whose. --- [Whose
problem is very difficult to find out?]
6. To go to England is my friend’s dream. Repeat.
7. To go to England is my friend’s dream. Transform: preparatory it. --- [It is myfriend’s dream to go to England.]
8. It is my friend’s dream to go to England. Change: sister. --- [It is my sister’s
dream to go to England.]
9. It is my sister’s dream to go to England. Change: America. --- [It is my sister’s
dream to go to America.]
10. It is my sister’s dream to go to America. Transform: what. --- [What is mysister’s dream?]265

1. The woman was crying in terror. Repeat.
2. The woman was crying in terror. Add: when the accident happened. --- [Thewoman was crying in terror when the accident happened.]
3. The woman was crying in terror when the accident happened. Change: girl. -- [The girl was crying in terror when the accident happened.]
4. The girl was crying in terror when the accident happened. Change: mother. --[The mother was crying in terror when the accident happened.]
5. The mother was crying in terror when the accident happened. Transform:
who. --- [Who was crying in terror when the accident happened?]
6. The mother was crying in terror when the accident happened. Transform:
when. --- [When was the mother crying in terror?]266

1. The man showed us some card tricks. Repeat.
2. The man showed us some card tricks. Change: girl. --- [The girl showed us
some card tricks.]
3. The girl showed us some card tricks. Change: boy. --- [The boy showed us
some card tricks.]
4. The boy showed us some card tricks. Change: woman. --- [The woman
showed us some card tricks.]
5. The woman showed us some card tricks. Change: he. --- [He showed us
some card tricks.]
6. He showed us some card tricks. Change: they. --- [They showed us somecard tricks.]267

[1. It is fun to study English.][2. It is my sister’s dream to go to England.][3. It is difficult to find out his problem.][4. It is not very easy to account for the mistake I made.][5. It is one benefit I have in the company to go to England.][6. It is a good thing to make another attempt in order to win the game.][7. It is easy for me to balance the book on my head.]268

1. There are days on which students are lazy.
Change: when --- [There are days when students are lazy.]
2. July was the month in which they had an accident.
Change: March --- [March was the month in which they had an accident.]
3. The reason for which she slept early is her tendency to wake up late.
Change: why --- [The reason why she slept early is her tendency to wake up
late.]
4. She believes in learning by doing.
Change: studying --- [She believes in learning by studying.]

269

5. Bad things usually disappoint people.
Change: always --- [Bad things always disappoint people.]
6. To go to England is one benefit I have in our company.
Change: America --- [To go to America is one benefit I have in our company.]
7. The government attempted to stop the crime in my country.
Change: president --- [The president attempted to stop the crime in mycountry.]270