THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Professor J W White CMG, FAA, FRS

Telephone: +61 2 6125 3578

Facsimile:+61 2 6125 4903
RESEARCH SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Australian National University

Email : jww@rsc.anu.edu.au

Canberra ACT 0200 Australia

Professor S Nagamiya
Director J-PARC Project1-1 Oho, Tsukuba-shi
305-0801
JAPAN
10 April 2003

THE J-PARC INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEETINGREPORT OF MEETING MARCH 2003

Dear Professor Nagamiya,
The International Advisory Committee remains impressed by the scope of the J-PARC
project and by the commitment of the partner organizations to this eminent project. The
openness of the Director and the project team in providing us with detailed information at
this decisive time in the project and their helpful participation in the discussion of theoptions for an optimum result under the constraints of the program have made our work
more valuable.
Our recommendations are succinct.
•
Realisation of the full vision of the project and the reinstatement of 400MeV
operation of the Linac are our highest priorities.
•
The delays due to archaeological work and the recommended focusing of work to
get Phase I completed as soon as possible may help these goals and bring forward as
quickly as possible the neutrino experiments where Japan has a prime position in world
science.
•
But without the Materials and Life Sciences component and its large user
community added to that in Nuclear Physics, the project will not achieve its full impact.
We recommend priority setting to achieve this balance.
The IAC is very conscious of the constraints of finance on the project and encouraged bysuggestions that collateral funding proposals are being prepared. We give those proposals
our full support. They must be accompanied by appropriate scientific and technicalmanpower increases. In that respect we note the efforts being made by both JAERI and
KEK to provide assistance.

2

The strong international interest in spallation assisted destruction of nuclear waste
suggests to the committee that, in addition to current work in Japan there may be scope forcloser international coordination and cooperation towards the many facets of this work.
We suggest that the parameters of such a cooperation be explored and some options bebrought to the next meeting of the IAC, some of whose members would be in a position tofacilitate matters to the benefit of the J-PARC program.
Our thanks once again to you and you colleagues for facilitating our work.
Yours sincerely,

John White (Chairman)

-1-

THE INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
ON THE J-PARC PROJECTREPORT

Meeting March 10-11 2003

Tsukuba, Japan

-2-

CONTENTSCONTENTS .................................................................................................................................................. 2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 3
ACCELERATOR PROGRAM ................................................................................................................... 8
LINAC ENERGY ........................................................................................................................................... 8
HUMAN RESOURCES.................................................................................................................................... 9
AVAILABILITY CRITERIA ............................................................................................................................. 9
NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS................................................................................................. 10
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS:........................................................................................................................ 10
KAON HALL AND PHYSICS PROGRAM:........................................................................................... 11
NEUTRINO BEAM AND EXPERIMENT:............................................................................................. 12
OTHER PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR EXPERIMENTS: .................................................................... 12
NEUTRON SCIENCES ............................................................................................................................. 13
MUON FACILITIES: ................................................................................................................................ 14
J-PARC TRANSMUTATION RESEARCH (ADS) ................................................................................ 15
GENERAL DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................. 15
SPECIFIC OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................. 16
CONCLUSIONS: ....................................................................................................................................... 17
RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 18
APPENDIX I............................................................................................................................................... 19
COMMITTEE MEMBERS ........................................................................................................................... 19

-3-

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The International Advisory Committee, (IAC), to the Director of the Japanese Atomic
Energy Research Institute (JAERI) - High Energy Accelerator Research Organisation(KEK) J-PARC project met on March 10-11, 2003 at KEK, Tsukuba and inspected theconstruction site at Tokai.
Since its last meeting the Accelerator Technical Advisory Committee (A-TAC) has met
twice (May 2002 and March 2003) and the Neutron Technical Advisory Committee oncein October 2002. The Muon Science Experimental Facilities Advisory Committee(MUSAC) also met in February 2003 and the Nuclear and Particle Physics Advisory
Committee is due to meet in later March 03.
Responses by the Director and the Project team to IAC’s report of March 2002 and to
the 2002 meetings of the above committees were considered by the IAC at its march2003 meeting as well as new information from the Director and the Project team about
necessary project changes in 2002 and 2003.
The IAC thanks the Director and the project team for the detailed information anddiscussion provided at the IAC meeting about these changes.
At its 2002 meeting the IAC said of the project;“The Committee advises that with this project Japan has the opportunity to be aworld leader in a number of fields…. The committee furthermore recommends a
policy of "world class standard" in the quality of the construction of theaccelerators and the initial suite of supporting instruments even if the number of
instruments or experiments has to be limited. Our advice to the Director is thathe ensure that from day one of the facility's operation the most novel aspects ofthe programme attract the world's attention to and involvement in the projectfrom the importance of the results produced”.
These comments remain true and the IAC re-endorses the recommendations to this effectmade in 2002.
The IAC feels strongly that a key feature of the J-PARC project is the combination ofprovision for a unique range of capabilities in three scientifically distinct areas offorefront research. This is provided through a well-conceived and synergetic technicalfacility concept. In support of this view, the IAC offers a set of seven recommendations,each with some explanatory material. Our detailed observations are included in the main
body of this report.
Recommendation 1: The IAC recommends that the highest priority for J-PARC is toultimately realize the full facility concept, even though the sequence of specific steps
might be subject to constraints such as the time of realization for the 400 MeV Linac.

-4-Commentary: In emphasizing this advice, the IAC also suggests choices among the
project options facing the project team at present. The project is currently the world’s
most far-reaching accelerator project with its emphasis on excellence in the threeprincipal goals highlighted by the IAC in 2002. These are:(1) Nuclear and Particle Physics –( Neutrino physics top priority)(2) Materials and Life Science through Neutron Scattering and by
Muon Probes and,
(3) Spallation assisted destruction of nuclear waste.
The committee sees no reason to change this advice but rather to emphasise it andsuggest choices among the options facing the project team at present. Some of thesechoices will be hard and require skill and the closest cooperation between JAERI and
KEK over the next year or so. They arise from correct decisions in 2002 to enlarge thephysical size of the 3GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) and the associated cost
increase. The choices concern:
•
•
•
•
•

•

completion of Phase I as soon as possible;
advancement of the neutrino oscillation experiment from Phase II to Phase IA
with an appropriate cash endowment;
modification of the LINAC Energy Recovery program to reinstate 400MeV as theimmediate goal for the first stage of proton acceleration;
rescheduling aspects of the 50GeV ring construction to allow archaeological workon the recently discovered “ancient salt farms”;
facilitating national and international cooperation in the project through decision
by JAERI and KEK on an unambiguous governance structure and a “one stop
shop” user/collaborator” interface, and;recognition of J-PARC transmutation research (ADS).

Recommendation 2: The IAC recommends that Phase I of the project be finished as
quickly as possible taking into account the priorities set out below.
Commentary: The completion of Phase I as quickly as possible will provide important
benefits to the vigor and scientific benefits of the entire J-PARC program. Unforeseen
delays (such as the “salt farm” or the necessary upgrade of the 3GeV ring) occur for most
big projects and are managed in other countries by a “contingency” budget. In large
projects like J-PARC, loss of momentum may be serious because of active international
competition (e.g. to follow up the Japanese discoveries in neutrino physics) or becauseinternational interest becomes uncertain about the manner and schedule of cooperation.
To avoid these problems – with the project still at full momentum- as illustrated by theexcellent and hard work shown to the IAC by the project team, the IAC urges major
efforts to manage the program and bring in supplementary funding.

-5-

Recommendation 3: The IAC strongly recommends that the neutrino oscillation
experiment be brought into Phase I with additional supplementary funding. This would
send a clear signal for international collaboration in this area.
Commentary: Neutrino oscillation physics is a field in which J-PARC can provide
world-leading experimental capability to a field of great current scientific interest.
Bringing the neutrino oscillation experiment from Phase II to Phase IA will send a strong
message of support to the world by the Japanese Government. Japanese excellence in theunderstanding of neutrino physics is undoubted. The recent discovery of the neutrinomass through the evidence of phase mixing of the neutrino wave functions is a “hottopic”. The high intensity, 50GeV proton beam from J-PARC will be the best in theworld for exploring this physics and aspects of CP violation – physics at its mostfundamental level. To bring this program forward will mean strains on the personnel
resources of J-PARC and will need additional funding – estimated at about $US 160
million. But it can also be expected to attract immediate international collaboration withsome 45 physicists in Japan, 110 from Canada, China, France, Italy, Korea, Poland,
Russia, Spain, Switzerland UK and USA having expressed interest.
One way of achieving early start up of Phase I and the provision of a high energy proton
beam to the neutrino oscillation experiment would be to follow the “recovery program”
presented at the IAC meeting to cope with the extra expense involved in the 3 GeV ringenlargement. We call this program Version I . This “recovery program” would involve
the LINAC providing only 181MeV protons to the 3GeV RCS, some changes to theoperation of that ring which would be irreversible and damaging to the neutron beamprogram. The committee does not favour that option because of the change in balance of
the whole program.
Recommendation 4: The IAC feels that the potential negative impact on J-PARC
performance from the lower Linac energy represents too great a risk to accept, andhence we recommend that a plan be developed with a goal of restoring the 400 MeV
linac capability by the time of RCS commissioning.
Commentary: The IAC understands and supports the need to enlarge the physical size ofthe 3 GeV RSC to secure a stable high-power operation of this RSC. The IAC also
understands the reason to reduce the Linac energy to 181 MeV in order to secure funding.
However, the IAC strongly feels that a Linac energy recovery program to reinstate 400
MeV should be set as the immediate goal for the first stage of proton acceleration. Thisis the option recommended by the IAC. The Committee does not favour the 181MeV
option. This matter was considered by the Accelerator Advisory Committee at its meeting
immediately preceding the IAC. We are told that this option would require an additional
85 OKU Yen and consider that the benefit of restoring 400 MeV Linac capability to theprogram highlights of Neutrino physics, Materials and Life Science through Neutron
Scattering and, Spallation destruction of nuclear waste will be of cardinal value.
Maintaining these “flagship’ programs should be a consistent high priority for Japan.

-6-

The committee attaches high priority to this recommendation on the basis of IAC’sexpress opinion that J-PARC should adopt a principle of “no compromise” with respect
to the quality of the primary installations. In ten or fifteen years the accelerator complex
will have uses unforeseen at present – its basic features should ensure this value.
Moreover uncertainty in possible international collaborators about the quality of all
aspects of the accelerator performance should be avoided.
Recommendation 5: The IAC recommends that the partners JAERI and KEK develop
with the Director of J-PARC an organizational structure for the various modalities ofoperation of the facility, the costing of access, the policy on visitors, the returns on
investment (e.g. in instrument construction) and on Memoranda of Understanding
with collaborating institutions nationally and internationally.
Commentary: The IAC of commends the efforts JAERI and KEK to create J-PARC as a
top national and international facility. Members of the committee have experience in thecreation and operation of such facilities in such a way as to maximize national andinternational participation. The committee has perceived that the process of J-PARC
governance and access rules is not yet complete enough to offer a smooth pathway forpotential users and proposers to become involved.
Discussions are underway on the organization/management issues of J-PARC aftercommissioning. A joint committee between KEK and JAERI is reviewing the options forthe future governance of J-PARC when it becomes operational. However this issue is also
relevant for the selection of the initial scientific program and the initial suite ofexperimental facilities. While the pending reorganization at KEK(new Institute) and at
JAERI( merger with JNC) are clearly affecting the process, we believe that is mostimportant to identify as soon as possible the structure of J-PARC with which Users willinteract.
The committee commends the Director for the establishment of Program advisorycommittees in 2002 and these committees for the work that they are doing. The large
number of Letters of Intent signifies to the interest in the scientific community but more
will have to be done. J-PARC may have to adopt a single logo – and it could do thiswithout damage to the proper interests of the partners JAERI and KEK. Such
presentational points have worked well in other organizations – even complex
multinational ones like CERN and ILL. The user does not need to perceive the complex
political processes leading to a successful Institute but does need to have assurance of
uniform processes for proposal appraisal and funding (for example). It may be argued
that this recommendation is too soon in the life of J-PARC but clarity as soon as possible
appears to be a good policy in user facility management.
The selection of the initial scientific program should be made first on scientific meritand it is not clear yet how this will be accomplished. The step for going from letter ofIntent to fully developed proposals must be defined soon. The lack of a clear funding
scenario for the experimental facilities and experiments may favor decision based on
availability rather that scientific merit. International Scientific Program Advisory-7-

committees should be organized to review scientific proposals. The Advisory
Committees set up so far are not constituted to do such a prioritization of the science but
are advising on the development of facilities. They could be restructured to do so. At theend of the process, the International Advisory Committee could be the vehicle forproviding advice on the relative merit of experiments across the broad scope of scienceenvisaged at J-PARC.
Recommendation 6: The IAC recommends that the Project provides a leadership rolein planning the neutron scattering instrument suite and works closely with potential
funders to achieve a balanced portfolio of scattering instruments to serve the best longterm interests of the broadest possible user community.
Commentary: A coordinated approach to developing the entire instrument suite isrequired to maximise the utilisation of this potentially world leading facility. Evidence
worldwide is that this is most effectively achieved by leadership from within the project
itself.
Recommendation 7: The IAC recommends that the goal of JPARC transmutation
technology development should be reaffirmed and should occur in an international
context and in the context of a clear understanding of the ADS system role in thelarger P/T and nuclear fuel cycle context.
Commentary: The planned merger of JAERI and JNC is for Japan an opportunity todefine a coordinated, integrated advanced nuclear fuel cycle program in an international
context that would consist of research, development, and demonstration in all facets of
P/T – advanced separations, advanced nuclear fuels, advanced reactor technology, and
ADS.

-8-

ACCELERATOR PROGRAM
The J-PARC Project entails the construction of a state-of-the-art proton accelerator
complex consisting of a 400 MeV linac, a 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron, and a 50
GeV synchrotron. The two synchrotrons are designed to deliver extremely high average
power: 1 MW from the 3 GeV accelerator and 0.75 MW from the 50 GeV ring. These
capabilities are beyond those of any other accelerators operating elsewhere in the world
today.
The status of the design and construction activities related to the accelerator complex was
reviewed by the Accelerator Technical Advisory Committee (A-TAC) at a meeting heldon March 7-8, 2003, immediately in advance of the IAC meeting. A summary of thefindings of that review were reported to the IAC during its meeting. Significant progresshas been made on the project over the last year. The most relevant points are:
•
•
•
•
•

•

Performance criteria have been established and designs are now complete for all
accelerators in the complex.
Procurements have been initiated and approximately 50% of the technicalcomponents are now on order.
Civil construction has been initiated on the Tokai site.
An archeological find will probably delay completion of the 50 GeV ring by 6-12
months relative to the current schedule.
In response to cost growth elsewhere in the project it is currently proposed toinitiate operations of the complex with a Linac energy of 181 MeV, rather thanthe design value of 400 MeV. A recovery plan has been identified for
implementation once an additional 85 oku yen of funding are identified.
The staffing level on the accelerator team has grown by 19 (about 17%) over thelast year.

Linac Energy
The proposed change in the initial operating energy of the linac is the most critical new
development. The project team estimates the impact on performance is a reduction ofbeam power delivered from the 3 GeV ring to the range 0.4-0.6 MW when not supporting
simultaneous 50 GeV ring operations, and 0.32-0.48 MW when simultaneous 50 GeV
operations are required. The 50 GeV operating scheme is designed to recover nearly allof the lost performance in the Main Ring, but uncertainties exist in this projection related
to the strong space-charge forces at injection. The best-case scenario for the recovery
plan is initiation of 400 MeV linac operations in 2008.
It is the committee’s judgment that there is a significant possibility that the change inlinac energy could lead to a factor of two shortfall relative to the established performance
criteria of the J-PARC complex. The committee believes this is an unacceptable risk andoffers the following recommendation relative to this situation:

-9-

The committee feels that the potential negative impact on J-PARC performance from thelower linac energy represents too great a risk to accept, and hence the committee
recommends that a plan be developed with a goal of restoring the 400 MeV linac
capability by the time of RCS commissioning.

Several other issues were identified as worth of consideration by management in lastyear’s report. We believe two are deserving of continued attention:
Human Resources
The Accelerator Group Leader stated last year that a staff of approximately 200 people
was required to construct the accelerator facility. Over the last year the assigned/available
staff has grown from approximately 110 to 130 people. While the expanded effort is apositive development the strategy for closing this gap, as required for a successful project,
is not evident to the committee. The committee reiterates its recommendations that
Project Management develop a strategy for assuring that sufficient manpower is assigned
to the accelerator project to assure successful completion. In developing such a strategy
management may wish to consider the size of the staff that will be required to support theaccelerator facility during its operational phase as well as the opportunities presented totrain new people in the technologies of accelerators. It is noted that an initial look at
operations planning indicates that the staff required for maintenance and operations of thecomplex is beyond the size of the current staff.
Availability Criteria
The committee believes that the users of this facility will expect an extremely reliable
operation, approaching 95% defined as actual/scheduled operational time. However, it
still does not appear that availability/reliability criteria have been relayed to theaccelerator group nor are formally reflected in their planning. The committee reiterates its
recommendation from last year that availability/reliability criteria be developed andformally communicated to the accelerator team.

- 10 -NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
General Observations:
The particle and nuclear physics mission of J-PARC as described to the IAC will position
the laboratory to take the world lead in experiments investigating fixed-target nuclear andparticle physics, fields that are entering a renaissance of opportunity for new discoveries
and continuing measurements in previously established scientific areas. The envisioned
spectrum of experiments encompasses the fields of hypernuclear physics, rare kaon andmuon decays and, of particular importance in the near term future, the new field of
neutrino oscillations. The scientific vision for this program is clear and the technicalplanning and design steps being taken are appropriate and vigorous to move towards thisgoal. The IAC observes, however, that overall budget constraints and other strategicplanning issues connected with the approval of specific experiments and their budgetary
support have begun to compromise this vision. For example, we note that the initial
primary proton beam, “A-Line”, will be identified and budgeted along with theconventional facilities for the initial Kaon Hall beamlines, while plans for the secondary
beams in the Kaon Hall appear to be fragmentary at this point and there is no clear planfor supporting construction of the first complement of experiments. We also note that theneutrino beam is not included in the Phase-I plan at all and that an application of the JPARC to secure supplementary funding to add the neutrino mission to the first phase wasrejected by the Government. We next comment on specific parts of the nuclear andparticle physics program.
Awarding of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics to Prof. M. Koshiba established the world
leading status of the Japanese program of neutrino physics at the start of the 21st century.
This dominant position comes as a result of the construction and operation of the Super
Kamiokande detector in Japan during the decade of the 1990s and, lately, with theimportant contributions of the Kamland Experiment, also located in Japan. The
achievement of this front-runner status also positions the J-PARC facility, combined with
the Super Kamiokande Detector, to maintain world leadership in neutrino physics for the
decade ahead. We also note that recent theoretical developments in understanding thelarger implications of neutrinos oscillations for the evolution of the early universe willcontinue to sustain the interest of the particle and cosmology communities over the next
decade in the full determination of the numerical parameters of the neutrino system,
including the determination of CP-violation in the neutrino system. This entire program
can be met in the projected J-PARC neutrino program, albeit with a later upgrade of the
proton target to 4 MW.
The rare kaon and muon experimental program is similarly positioned to make a leading
contribution to the world program in the coming decade if the beamlines andexperimental facilities envisioned by the J-PARC scientists can be realized as planned.
We comment on the prospective scientific value of this program in the next section.
There is also the interesting program for advancing hypernuclear physics, a fielddominated by Japanese scientists for years as the facilities of the J-PARC mature in thesecond phase. In the case of this group of experiments, the beamlines and facilities willneed to be developed and a plan for construction put in place.

- 11 -NP HALL AND PHYSICS PROGRAM:
Strangeness physics with kaon beams promises important insights into several key areasof nuclear physics and the standard model of particle physics. The proposed facility at JPARC represents to the respective scientific user communities the long desired kaon
factory, which can deliver secondary kaon beams of sufficient intensity to pursue thisphysics to an unparalleled degree of sensitivity and precision. Rare kaon decays canprovide unambiguous tests of the standard model and, with the intensities expected at JPARC, quantitative measurements of some of its key parameters. Intense kaon beams canalso lead to the production of yet unachieved numbers of hypernuclei, i.e. nuclei withstrangeness quantum numbers different from zero, and thus to benchmark tests for thefundamental theory of the strong interaction, quantum chromo dynamics (QCD).
The important opportunities that the scientific community sees in J-PARC is illustrated
by the impressive number of letters of intent that were submitted following a first call by
the J-PARC director. These letters of intent, as well as the subsequent workshop in theFall of 2002 to discuss these in depth, corroborated, through strong international
participation, the broad worldwide interest in this program. This was evident to the IAC
also through the massive report containing the letters of intent, and its broad author lists,that was handed to the IAC members during the meeting.
The unique prospects for quantitative and precise measurements will, however, only berealized with a corresponding effort towards experimental equipment. The IAC waspresented the current status of planning, testing, and R&D towards these experimental
facilities. The presentation focused on the Kaon Hall, which is laid out for slowly
extracted beams of 15 microamperes of 50 GeV proton beam. Considerable work hasgone into the design of a double-stage, large solid angle, separated kaon beamline forkaons up to 1.8GeV/c momentum. A lot of design has gone into production target,
collimator design, and beam dump for the horrendous requirement of controlling 0.75
MW of beam power at high proton energy in a very backgroung-sensitive yet highradiation level environment. Most of this design is completed or approaching its final
stages.
However, much work is still needed to design, develop, and engineer the actual
spectrometers and detectors for the experiments. Some prototyping has been done for thedevelopment of magnet coils wound from mineral insulation cable, a completely
inorganic high power cable, to resist radiation damage. Some thoughts were mentioned in
the presentation concerning the use of a common target for several parallel experiments.
This, we assume, includes the future study of rare neutral-kaon decay.
The IAC assumes that much of the development of the plans for the experimental
facilities has to happen with outside participation. This will hopefully also contribute tosome of the cost. (The IAC noted with satisfaction that the J-PARC team has been very
successful in collecting a wide variety of used magnets from laboratories worldwide that- 12 -

will hopefully find use in the spectrometers). However, the Committee also feels thatmajor progress in preparing for this part of the J-PARC program requires substantial
efforts and investments from within the facility. The IAC feels that it would be helpful tohave a more detailed update of the plans for the experimental facilities of the kaon andhypernuclear program at its next meeting.

NEUTRINO BEAM AND EXPERIMENT:Prof. K. Nishikawa presented the J-PARC plans for the next generation measurements ofneutrino oscillation phenomena, with emphasis on determination of the presently
unknown parameter θ13 and improvement of the precision of measurement of other,already known parameters such as ∆m2 32, sin2( θ 23 ). The determination of the CPviolation parameter δ is envisioned to be addressed only in a later phase of the program
when comparable anti-neutrino running can be added in a practical time span by theachievement of a target power of 4 MW. In support of this important particle physics
goal, we were given a copy of a Letter of Intent signed by 144 physicists in 51
institutions in 11 countries, who propose to use the Super Kamiokande Detector in placeand operated by a skilled collaboration of physicists as a key springboard for starting the
J-PARC neutrino physics program as soon as the proton target and neutrino beam can bemade ready. The detector availability circumstance, along with the very high scientificimportance of the neutrino oscillations physics program, drives our recommendation in
the Executive Summary to seek advancement of the neutrino program into the Phase-1
construction program.

OTHER PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR EXPERIMENTS:
The 50 GeV proton beam facility provides opportunities for a broad spectrum of forefront
research in particle and nuclear physics. This is demonstrated by the 30 letters of intent
recently submitted to J-PARC, from strong worldwide collaborations. The IAC
commends the management of J-PARC on the expeditious organization of this process
and the subsequent workshop, and thus for documenting the science goals and the
proposed first experiments.
The programs that have been presently proposed involve - beyond neutrinos - rare kaon
decays, polarization experiments, studies of strangeness in nuclei (hypernuclei) and their(weak) nuclear decays, spectroscopy with positive and negative kaon beams, di-muon
production and hadron spectroscopy in abroad sense. This is a wide spectrum. Now theprocess needs to be defined how to evaluate and select the most promising research
projects. This is particularly important in view of the fact, that this also is needed for the
preparation of the very complicated experimental facilities to run these experiments. The
IAC waits for discussions in the Nuclear and Particle Physics Facility Committee (preProgram Advisory Committee) held soon.

- 13 -The management of J-PARC indicated during the meeting, that the definition of the next
phases of this process is of high priority over the next year. The IAC fully concurs andhopes that the results can be presented at the next Committee meeting.

NEUTRON SCIENCES
The Committee welcomed the progress report on the spallation neutron source andinstrumentation for the Material and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF). It wasvery pleased to see the eminent progress in detailed technical planning and realization of
the MLF complex. The number of beam lines with an individual shutter has beenmaximized at 23, with 11 viewing the coupled moderator, 6 viewing the decoupled one,and 6 the poisoned one. The Japanese Spallation Neutron Source Technical Advisory
Committee (N-TAC) chaired by Guenter Bauer was formed under IAC to review thetechnical progress of JSNS. It met at Tokai on October 28-30, 2002and made a number ofrecommendations. The project team has responded by initiating further studies in items
such as the Hg flow type in the mercury target, more realistic remote handling scenario of
the target, the required size of the ortho-para hydrogen converter, and a re-examination of
the proton beam dump.
The committee noted excellent experimental progress in evaluation the pitting damage ona mercury target container using an electro-magnetic impact testing machine. A
hardening surface treatment of container significantly suppresses the damage, leading torealistic life times for the target vessel
Instrument selection procedures are being developed. Following IAC's recommendationthat "well defined priorities be set by the Director during the coming year to allow a
broad suite of instruments to be ready as soon as the first beam will be available", theProject Director formed the Neutron Instruments Planning Committee (NIPC) chaired byProfessor Y. Fujii to select instruments to be installed at JSNS. In September 2002, theDirector's call for a Letter of Intent (LOI) was sent to both domestic and internationalgroups. By the deadline of December 6, 2002, 18 LOI's had been received, 10 fromwithin the J-PARC project team, 7 from Japanese teams and 1 from an internationallyorganized team. These will be reviewed by five Review Working Groups (RWG) under
the auspices of the NIPC. Each RWG will review and evaluate the LOI's from aviewpoint of scientific merit, scientific/technical capability of group, etc. Reviewing is
now in process and the final selection this year will be made in April or May 2003. Sucha call for LOI will be repeated each year.
Re-iterating the N-TAC recommendations, the committee is concerned by the level ofcoordinated planning and resource commitment from within the Project to developing theneutron instrument suite. Consultation with the user community by the project team has
been excellent by any standards, through numerous meetings and workshops since 1996,
and the expertise within the project – as witnessed by the 10 internal LOIs – is not in
doubt. The committee recognizes that there are insufficient funds within the project at

- 14 -

present to construct a full set of instruments, and that funding must be sought from adiverse set of sponsors. However the committee recommends that the Project provides aleadership role in planning the neutron scattering instrument suite and works closely withpotential funders to achieve a balanced portfolio of scattering instruments to serve thebest long term interests of the broadest possible user community.
There is a real concern over (1) the serious impact on neutron source performance if the
proton beam power is changed from the original 1MW to 0.6MW (the 181MeV Linac
scenario), and (2) the lack funding for instruments by the project team.
(1) This causes a serious setback in achieving the goal set by the 1st IAC and in attracting
not only domestic but also international users to J-PARC. We recommend that the
400MeV linac is reinstated without delay.
(2) Remembering the previous recommendation that "very high priority be attached to
the world class construction of these facilities (instruments)" and "the Director develop
ways of doing this (finding funds for instruments), in the budgetary context, during thecoming year", we recommend that these become more important as the day-one
approaches. Since not all instruments can be built at once, we recommend that a scheme
is worked out to establish priorities for the realization of proposed instruments.
In neutron scattering, the internationally accepted model is that the core instrument suiteis developed for the user community by the facility itself. Instruments proposed byprivate consortia are welcomed, given that they conform to the technical standards set by
the facility and are synergetic with the overall scientific vision for the facility. The levelof private – as opposes to community – use of such instruments needs to be determined
carefully, bearing in that at J-PRAC such consortia are being given access to a sourcewith world-leading capability, and will inevitably draw on the technical expertise of the
facility itself, during construction, operation and subsequent development.
We also recommend that in order to promote international interest, participation andcollaboration for JSNS, the Neutron Instrument Planning Committee should have foreign
members.

MUON FACILITIES:
Dr. Y. Miyake gave a report on the design of muon facilities for supporting a muonscience program at J-PARC. In responding to the IAC recommendation that muon
facilities be designed to make use of the 3 GeV high intensity RCS beam, active
consultations with the international community took place during the last year whichhave led to a technical proposal which envisages one (and eventually two) thin muon
production targets placed in tandem ahead of the spallation neutron source. In the initial
phase four muon channels will be viewing a 20 mm thick water cooled graphite target
providing conventional decay and surface muons, dedicated high polarized surface
muons, high momentum positive or negative muons and high intensity low energy muons.

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This slate of channels would service a large program in material science using the MuSR
techniques which is well established both in Japan and abroad, which has very good
linkages with the new material developers and would provide complementary tools to theneutron community in material science research. A program in muon catalyzed fusion(MuCF) and experiments of fundamental nature (tests of QED, muonic atoms andmolecules, lifetime measurements..) are also envisaged.
The technical aspects of the facilities are well developed and a review took place last
February which concluded that a strong proposal had been produced which would satisfy
the needs of the Japanese and of the international community and provide new uniquecapabilities. The initial budget foresees only one muon beam line at the beginning withelements relocated from the current KEK MSL superconducting channel.
The IAC endorses the report from the MUSAC committee which calls for a continuationof the design effort with extensive coordination at the engineering level with other JPARC groups facing similar technical issues (Targetry, handling and maintenance of
beamline elements, shielding and safety constraints…). A Mechanism for providing beam
parameter requirements to the beam dynamic team of J-PARC must also be established.
A strong program in instrumentation development must also be started to provide theexperimental tools for exploiting the unprecedented large fluxes expected from such afacility.
Continuation of the development of high acceptance channel based upon the DAI-Omega
concept presently being commissioned at KEK is seen as a very promising avenue fordeveloping high fluxes of low energy muons, micro beams etc.
The committee recognizes the very high potential for early delivery of fore front sciencefrom such a muon facility and recommends that J-PARC management make every effort
to include such facilities in its initial operation. The committee also recognizes ashortage of fund to secure a full shielding around the muon target on Day-1. This issue
should be also addressed.

J-PARC TRANSMUTATION RESEARCH (ADS)
General Discussion
Transmutation research is one of three principal goals of JPARC. Its funding (approx$6M per year) and priority are well below those of the areas of materials/life sciences (3GeV) and nuclear/particle physics (50 GeV).
The IAC observations andrecommendations concerning ADS that follow aim at strengthening the effort anddefining it better (in the context of other Japanese and international technology efforts).
In the view of the IAC such steps are necessary now to create a program plan that canachieve JPARC transmutation goals. The steps will also ensure that JPARC-ADS has
maximum impact in the international field of partitioning and transmutation.

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Specific Observations and Recommendations
Observations
1) Existence of the linac at 400 MeV is essential if ADS research is to be done at
JPARC.
2) An ADS system is only one part of a partitioning/transmutation (P/T) system, whichin itself is a component of a broader, much larger nuclear fuel cycle system.
3) Definition of ADS technology development should occur in the context of a clear
understanding of the ADS system role in the larger P/T and nuclear fuel cycle
context. This understanding should allow priorities for ADS technical development
and demonstration at JPARC to be made, from which the focus and impacts for
JPARC transmutation research can be understood clearly in both technical and policy
communities.
4) The planned merger of JAERI and JNC is for Japan an opportunity to define acoordinated, integrated advanced nuclear fuel cycle program that would consist ofresearch, development, and demonstration in all facets of P/T – advanced separations,advanced nuclear fuels, advanced reactor technology, and ADS. This top-level plan,
updated regularly, should be a major element in defining ADS roles in P/T andpriority ADS technical research at JPARC.
Recommendations(A) The IAC recommends the timely establishment of a JPARC ADS advisory
and review group made up of nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear safety, spallation
neutron source, and reactor design expertise. This group would provide input
and advice on planning for accelerator technology development, target andsubcritical assembly development and use, and, importantly, linkages to other
P/T technology development areas.
(B) The upcoming (March 25,26) Japanese workshop on ADS and P/T should be
used as the first step in identifying and defining unique roles that the JPARCADS effort can play in the context of the international P/T effort.

Finally the IAC requests that a program plan for JPARC ADS technology development
be provided at the IAC review in 2004 in lieu of a sole focus on technology development
results.

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CONCLUSIONS:The International Advisory Committee remains impressed by the scope of the J-PARC
project and by the commitment of the partner organizations to this eminent project. The
openness of the Director and the project team in providing us with detailed information at
this decisive time in the project and their helpful participation in the discussion of theoptions for an optimum result under the constraints of the program have made our work
more valuable.
Our recommendations based on our own discussions and also on the most helpful input
from the specialist advisory committees, are succinct. Realisation of the full vision of the
project and towards the reinstatement of 400MeV operation of the Linac as the highest
priorities is our definite view. The delays due to archaeological work and the focusing ofwork to get Phase I completed as soon as possible may help these goals and bringforward as quickly as possible the neutrino experiments where Japan has a prime position
in world science. But without the Materials and Life Sciences component and its large
user community the project will not achieve its full impact. The IAC is very conscious of
the constraints of finance on the project and encouraged by suggestions that collateralfunding proposals are being prepared. We give those proposals our full support. They
must be accompanied by appropriate scientific and technical manpower increases. In that
respect we note the efforts being made by both JAERI and KEK to provide assistance.
The strong international interest in spallation assisted destruction of nuclear waste
suggests to the committee that, in addition to current work in Japan there may be scopefor closer international coordination and cooperation towards the many facets of thiswork. It may be that for the next meeting of the IAC the parameters of such acooperation could be explored with possible international partners and some possibilities
brought to the IAC, some of whose members would be in a position to facilitate mattersto the benefit of the J-PARC program.

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RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY
Recommendation 1 The IAC recommends that the highest priority for J-PARC is toultimately realize the full facility concept, even though the sequence of specific steps
might be subject to constraints such as the time of realization for the 400 MeV Linac.

Recommendation 2 The IAC recommends that Phase I of the project be finished as
quickly as possible taking into account the priorities set out below.

Recommendation 3 The IAC strongly recommends that the neutrino oscillation
experiment be brought into Phase I with additional supplementary funding. This would
send a clear signal for international collaboration in this area.
Recommendation 4 The committee feels that the potential negative impact on J-PARC
performance from the lower Linac energy represents too great a risk to accept, andhence the committee recommends that a plan be developed with a goal of restoring the
400 MeV linac capability by the time of RCS commissioning.

Recommendation 5 That the partners JAERI and KEK develop with the Director of JPARC an organizational structure for the various modalities of operation of the facility,
the costing of access, the policy on visitors, the returns on investment (e.g. in
instrument construction) and on Memoranda of Understanding with collaborating
institutions nationally and internationally.
Recommendation 6 The IAC recommends that the Project provides a leadership rolein planning the neutron scattering instrument suite and works closely with potential
funders to achieve a balanced portfolio of scattering instruments to serve the best longterm interests of the broadest possible user community.

Recommendation 7 The goal of JPARC transmutation technology development should
be reaffirmed and should occur in the context of a clear understanding of the ADS
system role in the larger P/T and nuclear fuel cycle context.

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APPENDIX I
Committee Members
The members of the Committee were:
ARTHUR, Edward

Senior Scientist, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA.
earthur@lanl.gov

CHEN, Jia'er

President, National Natural Science Foundation, China.
chenjer@mail.nsfc.gov.cn

CHO, Yanglai

Technical Director, Spallation Neutron Source, USA.
choy@sns.gov

FROIS, Bernard

Director the Department Energy, Transports, Environment
and Natural Resources, Ministry of Research, France.
bernard.frois@technologie.gouv.fr

FUJII, Yasuhiko

Professor, Institute for Solid State Physics, The Universityof Tokyo, Japan.
yfujii@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp

HENNING, Walter

Director , GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
W.Henning@gsi.de

HOLMES, Steve

Associate Director, Fermilab, USA.
holmes@fnal.gov

KIRK, Tom

Associate Director, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA.
tkirk@bnl.gov

KONDO, Shunsuke

Professor, Department of Engineering Science,
The University of Tokyo, Japan.
kondo@sk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

PETITJEAN, Claude

Deputy Head, Laboratory of Particle Physics, Paul
Scherrer Institute, Switzerland.
claude.petitjean@psi.ch

POUTISSOU, Jean-Michel Associate Director, TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada.
jmp@triumf.ca
SUZUKI, Atsuto

Dean, School of Science, Tohoku University,
Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.

suzukia@awa.tohoku.ac.jp
TAYLOR, Andrew

Director, ISIS, UK.

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Andrew.Taylor@.rl.ac.uk
WHITE, J.W.

Professor, Australian National University,
Canberra, Australia, Chairman, National Committee
for Crystallography, (Chairman)
jww@rsc.anu.edu.au