ALISON BRADLEY PROJECTS

526 West 26th Street, Suite 814, New York, NY 10001 alisonbradleyprojects.com 646 476 8409

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ƴƧǓƣƧǩ ǩǙǍƧǬ ƎǓƣ ƽƴǓǙǩƽǓƴ ǙǳƺƧǩ ƝǩƽǳƽƝƎǍ ƎǬǦƧƝǳǬ ƎǓƣ ƺƽǬǳǙǩƽƝƎǍ ƝǙǓǳƧͳǳǬ ǬǦƧƝƽΞƝ ǳǙ eǬƺƽǙƣƎ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ǍƽƳƧ ƝƺǙƽƝƧǬ‫ ے‬,ƽƴƺǍʹƎǶǳǙƜƽǙƴǩƎǦƺƽƝƎǍ‫ ۓ‬ǳƺƧ ǦƺǙǳǙǬ ǒƎǋƧ ƝǍƧƎǩ ǳƺƎǳ eǬƺƽǙƣƎ ͮƧǓǳ ƎƴƎƽǓǬǳ ǳƺƧ ƝǙǒǒƧǩƝƽƎǍ ƝǙǓǬǶǒƧǩƽǬǒ ǙƳ ǳƺƧ‫دط܊دضظذ‬Ǭ‫ے‬HǓ ͭƽƧͮ ƽǓ ǳƺƧ ƴƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ǬƧƝǙǓƣ ǩǙǙǒ ƎǩƧ ǳƺƧ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ Ɯʹ /ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ ƎǓƣ PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ ے‬bƺƧǬƧ ǩƎǩƧ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ ƽǓƝǍǶƣƧ ‫ش‬ͮǙǩǋǬ Ɯʹ /ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ ۳ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧƣ ƝƽǩƝƎ ‫دص܈دشظذ‬Ǭ‫ ۓ‬ƎǓƣ ƧƎǩǍʹ ‫دطظذ‬Ǭ‫ ۓ‬ƎǓƣ ǦǩƽǓǳƧƣ ƽǓ ǳƺƧ ‫دطظذ‬Ǭ Ɯʹ ǳƺƧ ƎǩǳƽǬǳ۴‫ ۓ‬ƎǓƣ ‫ر‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ Ɯʹ PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ ۔‬H:b‫ ۓ‬۳ǓƧƴƎǳƽͭƧ ƣƎǳƧ ‫ دشظذ‬ƎǓƣ ǦǩƽǓǳƧƣ ƝƽǩƝƎ ‫ ضطظذ‬Ɯʹ ǳƺƧ ƎǩǳƽǬǳ۴‫ ۓ‬ƎǓƣ $ǕƊǎ ƹǨ ǥƣƊǯƣƟ ۳ƎͭƽǓǳƎƴƧ ͮǙǩǋ ƝƽǩƝƎ ‫زشظذ‬۴‫ ۓ‬ƝǩƧƎǳƧƣ ƳǩǙǒ ǳƺƧ ƎǶǳǙǒƎǳƽƝ ǬǍƽƣƧ ǦǩǙǈƧƝǳƽǙǓ ǦǩƧǬƧǓǳƧƣ Ɯʹ ,ƽƣƧǋǙ ۳Ɯ‫ ے‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ۓ‬‫ضظظذ܊ضرظذ‬۴ ƎǓƣ <Ǝ͹ǶǙ $ǶǋǶǬƺƽǒƎ ۳Ɯ‫ ے‬bǙǋʹǙ‫دزظذ ۓ‬۴‫ ۓ‬Ǝ ǬƽǬǳƧǩ‫܈‬ƎǓƣ‫܈‬ƜǩǙǳƺƧǩ ǳƧƎǒ‫ ۓ‬Ǝǳ ǳƺƧ ‫ش‬ǳƺ :ƽǋǋƧǓ <ǡƜǡ۳ͳǦƧǩƽǒƧǓǳƎǍ‫ܪ‬sǙǩǋǬƺǙǦ۴‫ܪ‬UǩƧǬƧǓǳƎǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ےزشظذܪ‬/Ǔ ǳƺƽǬ ƝǙǓǳƧͳǳ‫ ۓ‬eǬƺƽǙƣƎ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ ǬǦƧƎǋ ǳǙ ǳƺƧ ƣƽƎǍǙƴǶƧ ƜƧǳͮƧƧǓ ǬǳǶƣƧǓǳ ƎǓƣ ǳƧƎƝƺƧǩ‫ ۓ‬ǳƺƧ ͮƎʹ ƎǩǳƽǬǳƽƝ ͭƽǬƽǙǓ
ƴƎƽǓǬ ƎǓ ƎƳǳƧǩǍƽƳƧ ǳƺǩǙǶƴƺ ǳƺƧ ƎƝǳ ǙƳ ǒƧǓǳǙǩǬƺƽǦ‫ ۓ‬ƎǓƣ ǳƺƧ ƧͭǙǍǶǳƽǙǓ ǙƳ Ǝ ǬǳǶƣƧǓǳ ǬǳƎǋƽǓƴ Ǝ ƝǍƎƽǒ ǳǙ ƺƧǩ ǙͮǓǳƧǩǩƽǳǙǩʹ‫ے‬UǩƧǬǬ‫ܪ‬XƧǍƧƎǬƧ
ǍƽǬǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǩƎƣǍƧʹ‫ܪ‬UǩǙǈƧƝǳǬ ƽǬ‫ܪ‬ǦǍƧƎǬƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ‫ܪ‬ƣƧƜǶǳ $ǥǕǎ‫[ښ‬ǯǲƟƣǏǯ ǯǕ‫ښ‬BƊǨǯƣǥ‫ښك‬bǕǇǲǇǕ‫ښ‬eǨƶƹǕƟƊ‫ښ‬ƊǏƟ‫ښ‬,ƣǥ‫ښ‬bƣƊƙƶƣǥǨ‫ܪۓ‬ƧƎǩǍʹͭƽǓǳƎƴƧ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ‫ܪ‬Ɯʹ bǙǋǶǋǙ‫ܪ‬eǬƺƽǙƣƎ ۳Ɯ‫ܪے‬bǙǋʹǙ‫دسظذܪۓ‬۴ ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǩƎǩƧ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ‫ܪ‬Ɯʹ‫ܪ‬ƺƧǩ‫ܪ‬ǳƧƎƝƺƧǩǬ‫ ۓ‬yƎǬǶƺƽǩǙ
/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ ۳Ɯ‫[ܪے‬ƎǓ‫ܪ‬$ǩƎǓƝƽǬƝǙ‫رذدر܊ذرظذܪۓ‬۴‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ <ƽʹǙǈƽ PǳǬǶǈƽ ۳Ɯ‫ܪے‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ذددر܊زرظذܪۓ‬۴‫ے‬ǙǩǓ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪدسظذܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋǶǋǙ‫ܪ‬eǬƺƽǙƣƎ‫ܪ‬ƧǓǩǙǍǍƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫<ܪ‬ǶͮƎǬƎͮƎ‫ܪ‬ƧǬƽƴǓ‫[ܪ‬ƝƺǙǙǍ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ͮܪۓدصظذܪ‬ƺƧǩƧ‫ܪ‬ǬƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƜƧƴƎǓ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ‫ܪ‬ǬǳǶƣʹǶǓƣƧǩ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǓǙǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧǩǬ‫ܪ‬yƎǬǶƺƽǩǙ‫ܪ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫<ܪ‬ƽʹǙǈƽ‫ܪ‬PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ے‬/Ǔ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫دصظذܪ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫دضظذܪ‬Ǭ‫ܪۓ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƎƝƎƣƧǒƽƝ‫ܪ‬ǳƧƎƝƺƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ‫ܪۓ‬ǳƺƧǓ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬ƽǳǬ‫ܪ‬ƽǓƳƎǓƝʹ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬:ƎǦƎǓ‫ܪۓ‬ǙͮƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǒǶƝƺ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ‫ܪ‬yǡǋǙ<ǶͮƎǬƎͮƎ‫<ܪے‬ǶͮƎǬƎͮƎ‫ܪ‬ƳǙǶǓƣƧƣ‫<ܪ‬ǶͮƎǬƎͮƎ‫ܪ‬ƧǬƽƴǓ‫[ܪ‬ƝƺǙǙǍ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪسشظذܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǩƧƝǩǶƽǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǦǩƎƝǳƽƝƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧǩǬ‫ܪ‬yƎǬǶƺƽǩǙ
/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫<ܪ‬ƽʹǙǈƽ‫ܪ‬PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ‫ܪ‬ǬƧǩͭƧ‫ܪ‬ƎǬ‫ܪ‬ǳƧƎƝƺƧǩǬ‫ܪے‬bͮƧǍͭƧ‫ʹܪ‬ƧƎǩǬ‫ܪ‬ǍƎǳƧǩ‫ܪۓ‬ƽǓ‫ͮܪۓصصظذܪ‬ƺƧǓ‫<ܪ‬ǶͮƎǬƎͮƎ‫ܪ‬ƧǬǳƎƜǍƽǬƺƧƣ‫ܪ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫~ܪ‬ǡǋƧƽeǓƽͭƧǩǬƽǳʹ‫ܪۓ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܪ‬ǩƧƝǙǒǒƧǓƣƧƣ‫ܪ‬PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ܪ‬ƎǬ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƳǙǶǓƣƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ǳƧƎƝƺƧǩ‫ܪ‬ƳǙǩ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ‫ܪ‬ƝǙǶǩǬƧ‫ے‬ƳǳƧǩ‫ܪ‬ƴǩƎƣǶƎǳƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪۓزصظذܪ‬eǬƺƽǙƣƎ‫ܪ‬ǩƧǒƎƽǓƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǬƝƺǙǙǍ‫ܘ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬ǙǩƜƽǳ‫ܪے‬$ǩǙǒ‫ܪصصظذܪ‬ǳǙ‫ܪطضظذܪ‬ǬƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƎǬǬƽǬǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǳƎǶƴƺǳ
ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ‫ܪ‬Ǝǳ‫<ܪ‬ǶͮƎǬƎͮƎ‫ܪ‬ƧǬƽƴǓ‫[ܪ‬ƝƺǙǙǍ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫~ܪ‬ǡǋƧƽ‫ܪ‬eǓƽͭƧǩǬƽǳʹ‫ܪے‬ǩǙǶǓƣ‫ܪشضظذܪ‬ǬƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƜƧƴƎǓ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ƝƎǩƧƧǩ‫ܪ‬ƎǬ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ƳǩƧƧǍƎǓƝƧ
ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧǩ‫ͮܪ‬ǙǩǋƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ǒƎƽǓǍʹ‫ܪ‬ƳǙǩ‫ܪ‬ǒƎƴƎ͹ƽǓƧǬ‫ͭܪے‬ƧǓǳǶƎǍǍʹ‫ܪۓ‬ǬƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƝǩǙǬǬƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǦƎǳƺǬ‫ͮܪ‬ƽǳƺ‫[ܪ‬ƺƽǓ͹ǡ‫[ܪ‬ƺƽǒƎǙ‫ܪۓ‬Ǝ‫ܪسضظذܪ‬ƴǩƎƣǶƎǳƧ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ~ǡǋƧƽ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƎǍǬǙ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ǙǓƧ‫܈‬ǳƽǒƧ‫ܪ‬ǬǳǶƣƧǓǳ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ܪۓ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪطضظذܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǦƎƽǩ‫ܪ‬ƴƎͭƧ‫ܪ‬Ɯƽǩǳƺ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ƣƎǶƴƺǳƧǩ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǒƎǩǩƽƧƣ‫ܪے‬bƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƳƎǒƽǍʹ‫ܪ‬ǙƳǳƺǩƧƧ‫ܪ‬ǒǙͭƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƽǓǳǙ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ǙǓƧ‫܈‬ǩǙǙǒ‫ܪ‬ǶǓƽǳ‫ͮܪ‬ƽǳƺ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ǬƺƎǩƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǋƽǳƝƺƧǓ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƜƎǳƺǩǙǙǒ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ƺƽǬǳǙǩƽƝ‫ܪ‬sƧǬǳƧǩǓ‫܈‬ǬǳʹǍƧ‫ܪ‬ƺǙǶǬƧ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫[ܪ‬ƧǳƎƴƎʹƎ‫ۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ے‬bƺƽǬ‫ܪ‬ƧͳƺƽƜƽǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǦǩƧǬƧǓǳǬ Ɗǥǉ̎‫ښ‬sǕǥǇǨ‫ͭܪصذܪۓ‬ƽǓǳƎƴƧ‫ܪ‬ǦǩƽǓǳǬ Ɯʹ‫ܪ‬eǬƺƽǙƣƎ‫ܪ‬ƳǩǙǒ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƽǬ‫ܪ‬ǦƧǩƽǙƣ‫ܪ‬۳‫شطظذ܊ظضظذ‬۴‫ͮܪ‬ƺƧǓ‫ܪ‬ǬƺƧ‫ͮܪ‬ƎǬǒƎǋƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬ƺƧǩ‫ܪ‬ƣǙǒƧǬǳƽƝ‫ܪ‬ǬǦƎƝƧ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƜƎǍƎǓƝƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ƺƧǩ‫ܪ‬ǓƧͮ‫ܪ‬ǩǙǍƧǬ‫ܪ‬ƎǬ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ǒǙǳƺƧǩ‫ܪۓ‬ƎǩǳƽǬǳ‫ܪۓ‬ƎǓƣ‫ͮܪ‬ƽƳƧ‫ܪے‬bƺƧǬƧ
ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ‫ܪ‬ƺƎͭƧ‫ܪ‬ǍƎƽǓ‫ܪ‬ƣǙǩǒƎǓǳ‫ܪ‬ƳǙǩ‫ʹܪدسܪ‬ƧƎǩǬ‫ܪۓ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǍƽǬǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǩƎƣǍƧʹ‫ܪ‬UǩǙǈƧƝǳǬ‫ܪ‬ƽǬ‫ܪ‬ǳƺǩƽǍǍƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ‫ܪ‬ǬƺƎǩƧ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧǒ‫ܪ‬ƳǙǩ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ΞǩǬǳ‫ܪ‬ǳƽǒƧͮƽǳƺ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǦǶƜǍƽƝ‫ܪے‬eǬƺƽǙƣƎ‫ܘ‬Ǭ‫ͮܪ‬Ǚǩǋ‫ܪ‬ǩƎƽǬƧǬ‫ܪ‬ǨǶƧǬǳƽǙǓǬ‫ܪ‬ƎƜǙǶǳ‫ܪ‬ƴƧǓƣƧǩ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƣǙǒƧǬǳƽƝƽǳʹ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƝƺƎǍǍƧǓƴƧǬ‫ܪ‬ǓǙǳƽǙǓǬ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ƎƝƝƧǦǳƎƜǍƧ
ǬǶƜǈƧƝǳ‫ܪ‬ǒƎǳǳƧǩ‫ܪ‬ƳǙǩ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƧǩƎ‫ے‬HǓ‫ͭܪ‬ƽƧͮ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƴƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ܘ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬ǬƧƝǙǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǩǙǙǒ‫ܪ‬ƎǩƧ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ‫ܪ‬Ɯʹ‫ܪ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ܪۓ‬ƎǍǬǙ‫ܪ‬ǓǙǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƎǬ‫ܪ‬ǳͮǙ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬:ƎǦƎǓ‫ܘ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬ǍƧƎƣƽǓƴ
ǒǙƣƧǩǓƽǬǳ‫ܪ‬ǒƎǬǳƧǩǬ‫ܪے‬bƺƧǬƧ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ‫ܪ‬ƽǓƝǍǶƣƧ‫ܪ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܣ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬ƣƧǦƽƝǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫<ܪ‬ƎǳǬǶǩƎ‫ܪ‬/ǒǦƧǩƽƎǍ‫ܪ‬qƽǍǍƎ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ʹ<ܪ‬ǙǳǙ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƎǬƝƧǓƧ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǦǙǬǳͮƎǩ‫ܪ‬ǍƽƳƧ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ܪۓ‬۳ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƝƽǩƝƎ ‫دص܈دشظذ‬Ǭ‫ܪۓ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƧƎǩǍʹ‫دطظذܪ‬Ǭ‫ܪۓ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǦǩƽǓǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫دطظذܪ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬Ɯʹ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧƎǩǳƽǬǳ۴‫ܪۓ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪرܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ‫ܪ‬Ɯʹ‫ܪ‬PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ ۔‬H:b‫ܪۓ‬۳ƝƽǩƝƎ ‫ܪدشظذ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǦǩƽǓǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƝƽǩƝƎ‫ܪضطظذܪ‬Ɯʹ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƎǩǳƽǬǳ۴‫ܪۓ‬ƎǓƣ $ǕƊǎ ƹǨ‫ښ‬ǥƣƊǯƣƟ ۳ƎͭƽǓǳƎƴƧ‫ͮܪ‬Ǚǩǋ‫ܪ‬ƝƽǩƝƎ‫زشظذܪ‬۴‫ܪۓ‬ǒƎƣƧ‫ܪ‬ƳǩǙǒ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƎǶǳǙǒƎǳƽƝ‫ܪ‬ǬǍƽƣƧ‫ܪ‬ǦǩǙǈƧƝǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǦǩƧǬƧǓǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬Ɯʹ‫ܪ‬,ƽƣƧǋǙ‫ܪ‬۳Ɯ‫ܪے‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ضظظذ܊ضرظذܪۓ‬۴‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ<Ǝ͹ǶǙ‫ܪ‬$ǶǋǶǬƺƽǒƎ‫ܪ‬۳Ɯ‫ܪے‬bǙǋʹǙ‫دزظذܪۓ‬۴‫ܪۓ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ǬƽǬǳƧǩ‫܈‬ƎǓƣ‫܈‬ƜǩǙǳƺƧǩ‫ܪ‬ǳƧƎǒ‫ܪۓ‬Ǝǳ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫شܪ‬ǳƺ‫ܪ‬:ƽǋǋƧǓ‫<ܪ‬ǡƜǡ‫ܪ‬۳ͳǦƧǩƽǒƧǓǳƎǍ‫ܪ‬sǙǩǋǬƺǙǦ۴UǩƧǬƧǓǳƎǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ےزشظذܪ‬/Ǔ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƽǬ‫ܪ‬ƝǙǓǳƧͳǳ‫ܪۓ‬eǬƺƽǙƣƎ‫ܘ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ‫ܪ‬ǬǦƧƎǋ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƣƽƎǍǙƴǶƧ‫ܪ‬ƜƧǳͮƧƧǓ‫ܪ‬ǬǳǶƣƧǓǳ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǳƧƎƝƺƧǩ‫ܪۓ‬ǳƺƧ‫ͮܪ‬Ǝʹ‫ܪ‬ƎǩǳƽǬǳƽƝ‫ͭܪ‬ƽǬƽǙǓ
ƴƎƽǓǬ‫ܪ‬ƎǓ‫ܪ‬ƎƳǳƧǩǍƽƳƧ‫ܪ‬ǳƺǩǙǶƴƺ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƎƝǳ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǒƧǓǳǙǩǬƺƽǦ‫ܪۓ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƧͭǙǍǶǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ǬǳǶƣƧǓǳ‫ܪ‬ǬǳƎǋƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ƝǍƎƽǒ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ‫ܪ‬ƺƧǩ‫ܪ‬ǙͮǓ‫ܪ‬ǳƧǩǩƽǳǙǩʹ‫ے‬ƝƝǙǒǦƎǓʹƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ͭܪصذܪ‬ƽǓǳƎƴƧ‫ܪ‬ǦǩƽǓǳǬ‫ܪ‬ƧͳƺƽƜƽǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƴƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ܪ‬ƽǬ B̎‫ښ‬,ǲǨƘƊǏƟ ۳‫زطظذ܊طضظذ‬۴‫ܪۓ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ǦǙǩǳƳǙǍƽǙ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ ‫ܪدذ‬ǒǙƣƧǩǓ
ǦǩƽǓǳǬ‫ܪے‬bƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǬƧǍƧƝǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǓǙǳ‫ܪ‬ǙǓǍʹ‫ܪ‬ƝƺǩǙǓƽƝǍƧǬ‫ܪ‬eǬƺƽǙƣƎ‫ܘ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬ƳƎǒƽǍʹ‫ܪ‬ǍƽƳƧ‫ܪ‬ƜǶǳ‫ܪ‬ƎǍǬǙ‫ܪ‬ǙǶǳǍƽǓƧǬ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƣƧͭƧǍǙǦǒƧǓǳ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬:ƎǦƎǓƧǬƧ
ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ‫ܪے‬BƎǓʹ‫ܪ‬ƽǒƎƴƧǬ‫ܪ‬ƣƧǦƽƝǳ‫ܪ‬eǬƺƽǙƣƎ‫ܘ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬ǦƧƧǩǬ‫܋‬ƎǒǙǓƴ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧǒ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧǩ‫[ܪ‬ƺƽƴƧǙ‫ܪ‬%ǙƝƺǡ‫ܪ‬۳‫زطظذ܊صسظذ‬۴‫ܪۓ‬ƝǩƽǳƽƝ

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BƎǳǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬Ǭƽ͹Ƨ‫ܪدرܪͳܪصذܪ‬ƽǓƝƺƧǬ
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BƎǳǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬Ǭƽ͹Ƨ‫ܪدرܪͳܪصذܪ‬ƽǓƝƺƧǬ
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CƧƴƎǳƽͭƧ‫ܪ‬ƣƎǳƧ‫دطظذܪ‬UǩƽǓǳƧƣ‫ذردرܪ‬UƎǦƧǩ‫ܪ‬Ǭƽ͹Ƨ‫ܪسذܪͳܪذذܪ‬ƽǓƝƺƧǬ
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CƧƴƎǳƽͭƧ‫ܪ‬ƣƎǳƧ‫ܪ‬ƝƽǩƝƎ‫ظضظذܪ‬UǩƽǓǳƧƣ‫ذردرܪ‬UƎǦƧǩ‫ܪ‬Ǭƽ͹Ƨ‫ܪسذܪͳܪذذܪ‬ƽǓƝƺƧǬ
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‫طذدر‬

ǕǎǕǏ‫<ښ‬ƣǏ‫̈ښ‬ƊǥƟ‫ښ‬sƹǏǏƣǥ‫ڈ‬Ǩ‫̍ښ‬ƶƹƘƹǯƹǕǏ‫ ق‬/=/Hb,‫< ۓ‬ƧǓ‫ܪ‬ǙǒǙǓ‫ܪ‬BǶǬƧǶǒ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬UƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ۳yƎǒƎƴƎǳƎ۴ǕǎǕǏ‫<ښ‬ƣǏ‫̈ښ‬ƊǥƟ‫ښ‬sƹǏǏƣǥ‫ڈ‬Ǩ‫̍ښ‬ƶƹƘƹǯƹǕǏ‫ ق‬/=/Hb,‫ ۓ‬bƺƧ‫ܪ‬%ƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ܪۓ‬CƽǋǙǓ‫ܪ‬UǍƎ͹Ǝ‫ܪ‬۳[ƺƽǓǈǶǋǶ‫ۓ‬HǬƎǋƎ۴

‫ضذدر‬

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/=/Hb,‫ ق‬BǙǩƽǙǋƎ‫[ܪ‬ƺǙǳƧǓ‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ظددر‬/‫ښ‬Hx‫ ق‬$‫ܪ‬eC/~HC‫ܪۓ‬HǋƽǓƎͮƎ‫طددر‬/‫ښ‬Hx‫ ق‬UǙǩǳ‫ܪ‬%ƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ܪ‬b‫ܪۓ‬HǬƎǋƎ

‫صددر‬

/=/Hb,‫ ق‬/ǒƜǩƽƧ‫ܪ‬,ƎǍǍ‫ܪ‬BƧƽǈƽ‫ܪ‬%ƎǋǶƽǓ‫ܪ‬eǓƽͭƧǩǬƽǳʹ‫ ۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫سددر‬

ǕǕǇǎƊǥǯ‫ ق‬ǙǓǳƧǒǦǙǩƎǩʹ‫ܪ‬UƺǙǳǙ‫ܪ‬%ƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫زددر‬

/=/Hb,‫ ق‬sƎǬƧƣƎ‫ܪ‬eǓƽͭƧǩǬƽǳʹ‫=ܪ‬ƽƜǩƎǩʹ‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ/=/Hb,‫ ق‬ǙǓǳƧǒǦǙǩƎǩʹ‫ܪ‬UƺǙǳǙ‫ܪ‬%ƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ/=/Hb,‫ ق‬bƺƧ‫شܪ‬ǳƺ‫=ܪ‬ƽƜǩƎǩʹ‫ܪ‬$Ǝƽǩ‫ܪ‬Ǝǳ‫ܪ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ܪ‬/ǓǳƧǩǓƎǳƽǙǓƎǍ $ǙǩǶǒ‫رددر‬[ƣƹǇƊّ[ƊƙǥƣƟ‫[ښ‬ǕǏư‫ ق‬ǙǓǳƧǒǦǙǩƎǩʹ‫ܪ‬UƺǙǳǙ‫ܪ‬%ƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ ۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ذددر‬,b[‫ ق‬ǙǓǳƧǒǦǙǩƎǩʹ‫ܪ‬UƺǙǳǙ‫ܪ‬%ƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ظظظذ‬/‫ښ‬Hx‫[ ق‬ƧǳƎƴƎʹƎ‫=ܪ‬ƽƳƧǬǳʹǍƧ‫ܪ‬ƧǬƽƴǓ‫ܪ‬ƧǓǳƧǩ‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫طظظذ‬/‫ښ‬Hx‫ ق‬ǩǳ‫ܪ‬%ƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ܪ‬ǩǳƽǶǒ‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫سظظذ‬,b[‫ ق‬%ƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ܪ‬BH=‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫رظظذ‬/‫ښ‬Hx‫ ق‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ܪ‬ƧǬƽƴǓ‫ܪ‬ƧǓǳƧǩ‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ظطظذ‬[ƣƹǇƊǯǨǲّ=/$‫ ق‬$ƽǍǒ‫ܪ‬XǙǶǓƣ‫ܪ‬%ƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫صضظذ‬,ǕƶǕƣǎƹ‫ښ‬ǏǕ‫ښ‬ǯƣǄǕّ[ǎƹǉƣ‫̈ښ‬ƊǨ‫ښ‬ƶƊǏƟƙǲ̵ƣƟ‫[ ق‬ƺƽǓǈǶǋǶ CƽǋǙǓ‫[ܪ‬ƎǍǙǓ‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ%ǩǙǶǦ‫ͳܪ‬ƺƽƜƽǳƽǙǓǬ
‫ذردر‬

ǏǏƣǇƣ‫ښ‬,̎ǎǎƣǏ‫<ښܼښ‬ǲǎƹ‫ښ‬,ƹǥǕƹ‫ښق‬bǕǇǲǇǕ‫ښ‬eǨƶƹǕƟƊ‫ ق‬BƊǥƹ‫<ښ‬ƊǯƊ̎ƊǎƊ‫ښق‬BƊƹǇǕ‫ښ‬,ƊǥǲǇƹ‫ښق‬BƊ̎ǲǎƹ,ǕǨǕǇǲǥƊ‫ښق‬ƊǏƟ‫ښ‬yǕǲǥ‫ښ‬UƣǥǨǢƣƙǯƹ̇ƣǨ‫[ ق‬ƺƽǬƧƽƣǙ‫ܪ‬%ƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ ۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ظذدر‬

‫ښ‬ǥƹưƶǯ‫ښ‬,Ǖǎƣ‫ ق‬,ƽǩǙǬƺƽǒƎ‫ܪ‬ƽǳʹ‫ܪ‬BǶǬƧǶǒ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǙǓǳƧǒǦǙǩƎǩʹ ǩǳ‫ܪۓ‬,ƽǩǙǬƺƽǒƎ

‫طذدر‬

bƶƣ‫ښ‬,ƹưƊǨƶƹǇƊ̈Ɗ‫̈ښ‬ƊǥƟǨ‫ͮ ق‬Ǝǩƣ‫ܪ‬sƽǓǓƽǓƴ‫ͳܪ‬ƺƽƜƽǳƽǙǓ‫ ۓ‬,ƽƴƎǬƺƽǋƎͮƎ‫ܪ‬ǶǓǋƎ‫ܪ‬%ƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ܪۓ‬,ǙǋǋƎƽƣǙ
bƶƣ‫ښ‬UƶǕǯǕưǥƊǢƶƹƙ‫[ښ‬Ǖƙƹƣǯ̎‫ښ‬ǕƯ‫ښ‬:ƊǢƊǏ‫̈ښ‬ƊǥƟǨ‫ ق‬sƽǓǓƧǩ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ͳƺƽƜƽǳƽǙǓ‫ܪۓ‬$ǶǈƽΞǍǒ‫[ܪ‬ǨǶƎǩƧ‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ښ‬BǕ̇ƣƊƘǉƣ‫ښ‬$ƣƊǨǯ‫ ق‬xƽƎǓ‫ܪ‬BƧǒǙǩƽƧǬ‫ܪ‬BǶǬƧǶǒ‫ܪۓ‬xƽƎǓ‫ܪۓ‬ƺƽǓƎ‫صذدر‬

ƹǨǉǕƙƊǯƹǕǏǨ‫[ ق‬ǒƽǳƺ‫ܪ‬ǙǍǍƧƴƧ‫ܪ‬BǶǬƧǶǒ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǩǳ‫ܪۓ‬CǙǩǳƺƎǒǦǳǙǓ‫ ۓ‬B‫شذدر‬

bƶƣ‫<ښ‬ƊǄƹ‫ښ‬,ǕǲǨƣ‫ ق‬,ƎʹƎǒƎ‫<ܪۓ‬ƎǓƎƴƎͮƎ‫رذدر‬

XƣƹǏ̇ƣǏǯƹǏư‫ښ‬bǕǇ̎Ǖ‫ ق‬BƧƎƣ‫ܪ‬ǩǳ‫ܪ‬BǶǬƧǶǒ‫ܪۓ‬ǒƺƧǩǬǳ ǙǍǍƧƴƧ‫ܪۓ‬ǒƺƧǩǬǳ‫ܪۓ‬B

‫طددر‬

ƶƹǏƊّƹƘǉƹǕǯƶƣƙƊّBƊǏưƊ‫= ق‬ƧƧ‫<ܪ‬Ǝ‫܈‬ǬƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬%ƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ ۓ‬bǙǩǙǓǳǙ‫ܪۓ‬ƎǓƎƣƎ

‫سددر‬

BƊƶǕ‫ٷ‬ƙƶƊǏ‫ٷ‬ƙƶƹ‫ښ‬٢BƊƶǕ‫ٷ‬ƙƶƊǏ‫ڈ‬Ǩ‫=ښ‬Ǖ̇ƣǉ̎‫ښ‬,Ǖǎƣ٣‫ ق‬ǙǓǳƧǒǦǙǩƎǩʹ ǩǳ‫ܪ‬%ƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ܪۓ‬ǩǳ‫ܪ‬bǙͮƧǩ‫ܪ‬BƽǳǙ‫ܪۓ‬/ƜƎǩƎǋƽ

‫شظظذ‬

bǕǇ̎Ǖّƹǯ̎‫ښ‬ǕƯ‫ښ‬UƶǕǯǕ‫ ق‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ܪ‬BƧǳǩǙǦǙǍƽǳƎǓ‫ܪ‬BǶǬƧǶǒ ǙƳ‫ܪ‬UƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ظطظذ‬ָ䞉ǲǏ䞉ƣ̍ǢǥƣǨǨƹǕǏƹǨǎ‫ ق‬$XH%‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫رطظذ‬

ƶƹǏƊ‫=ښ‬ƹƯƣ‫ښ‬XƣǢǕǥǯ‫ ق‬UǙǍƎǩǙƽƣ‫ܪ‬%ƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ذطظذ‬:ƹǏ̈Ɗ‫ښ‬:ƹǏǎƹǏǇǕǨƶƊ‫ ق‬Hs=‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙͮƎǩƣǬ
‫ظذدر‬<ǶͮƎǬƎͮƎ‫[ܪ‬ǦƧƝƽƎǍ‫ͮܪ‬Ǝǩƣ‫طذدر‬

bƺƧ‫ضزܪ‬ǳƺ‫ܪ‬ǙǒǙǓ‫<ܪ‬ƧǓ‫ͮܪ‬Ǝǩƣ=ƽƳƧǳƽǒƧ‫ܪ‬ƝƺƽƧͭƧǒƧǓǳ‫ͮܪ‬Ǝǩƣ‫ܪۓ‬UƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƽƝ‫[ܪ‬ǙƝƽƧǳʹ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬:ƎǦƎǓ‫ͮܪ‬ƎǩƣǬǙǒƧǬǳƽƝ‫ܪ‬UƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧǩ‫ͮܪ‬Ǝǩƣ‫ܪۓ‬bƺƧ‫سزܪ‬ǳƺ‫ܪ‬,ƽƴƎǬƺƽǋƎͮƎ‫ͮܪ‬ƎǩƣǬUǶƜǍƽƝƎǳƽǙǓǬ
/=/Hb,‫ ق‬%ƧǓǋƽǬƺǙƜǙǶ‫ضذدرܪۓ‬B̎‫ښ‬bƣƊƙƶƣǥ‫ڈ‬Ǩ‫ښ‬ǯƣǉƹƣǥ‫ ق‬%ƧǓǋƽǬƺǙƜǙǶ‫ضذدرܪ‬BƹǨǲ̓ǲ‫ ق‬%ƧǓǋƽǬƺǙƜǙǶ‫صذدرܪۓ‬,b[‫ ق‬UƎǩǙǍ‫سددرܪۓ‬/‫ښ‬Hx‫ ق‬ƧƧƜǙǙǋǬ‫صظظذܪۓ‬ƶƹǏƣǨƣ‫ښ‬UƣǕǢǉƣ‫[ ق‬ƧǍƳ‫܈‬ǦǶƜǍƽǬƺƧƣ‫صطظذܪۓ‬ǙǍǍƧƝǳƽǙǓǬ
[ǒƽǳƺ‫ܪ‬ǙǍǍƧƴƧ‫ܪ‬BǶǬƧǶǒ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǩǳ‫ܪۓ‬CǙǩǳƺƎǒǦǳǙǓ‫ܪۓ‬e[BƧƎƣ‫ܪ‬ǩǳ‫ܪ‬BǶǬƧǶǒ‫ܪۓ‬ǒƺƧǩǬǳ‫ܪ‬ǙǍǍƧƴƧ‫ܪۓ‬ǒƺƧǩǬǳ‫ܪۓ‬e[<ʹǶǬƺǶ‫[ܪ‬ƎǓƴʹǙ‫ܪ‬eǓƽͭƧǩǬƽǳʹ‫ܪۓ‬$ǶǋǶǙǋƎ‫ܪۓ‬:ƎǦƎǓCƎǳƽǙǓƎǍ‫ܪ‬BǶǬƧǶǒ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬BǙƣƧǩǓ‫ܪ‬ǩǳ‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ܪۓ‬:ƎǦƎǓbǙǋʹǙ‫ܪ‬UƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƽƝ‫ܪ‬ǩǳ‫ܪ‬BǶǬƧǶǒ‫ܪۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ܪۓ‬:ƎǦƎǓ<ƧǓ‫ܪ‬ǙǒǙǓ‫ܪ‬BǶǬƧǶǒ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬UƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ‫ܪۓ‬yƎǒƎƴƎǳƎ‫ܪۓ‬:ƎǦƎǓ:ƎǦƎǓ‫ܪ‬,ƽƴƎǬƺƽǋƎͮƎ‫ܪ‬bǙͮǓ‫ܪۓ‬,ǙǋǋƎƽƣǙ‫ܪۓ‬:ƎǦƎǓy[e,/XH‫ܪ‬/[,/BHbH
ƽǙƴǩƎǦƺʹyƎǬǶƺƽǩǙ /ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ ۳▼ඖὈ༤‫ ۓ‬/ǨƶƹǎǕǯǕ yƊǨǲƶƹǥǕ‫ ۓ‬Ɯ‫[ ے‬ƎǓ $ǩƎǓƝƽǬƝǙ‫رذدر܊ذرظذ ۓ‬۴ ͮƎǬ Ǝ :ƎǦƎǓƧǬƧ‫܈‬ǒƧǩƽƝƎǓ
ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧǩ‫ ے‬UƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧǩ ƎǓƣ ƝǩƽǳƽƝ BƽǓǙǩ sƺƽǳƧ ƝƎǍǍƧƣ /ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ Ǝ ‫ͭܕ‬ƽǬǶƎǍ ƜƽǍƽǓƴǶƽǬǳ‫ ܖۓ‬ƣǶƧ ǳǙ /ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܘ‬ǬƣƧͭƧǍǙǦǒƧǓǳ ǙƳ Ǝ ǬǶƜǳǍƧ ǬʹǓƝǩƧǳƽǬǒ ǙƳ ƎǬǳƧǩǓ ƎǓƣ sƧǬǳƧǩǓ ƎƧǬǳƺƧǳƽƝ ǬƧǓǬƽƜƽǍƽǳƽƧǬ ƽǓ ƝƎǦǳǶǩƽǓƴ ƜǙǳƺ ΟƧƧǳƽǓƴ
ƺǶǒƎǓ‫ܪ‬ǒǙǒƧǓǳǬ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǬǳǙǍƽƣ‫ܪ‬ǶǩƜƎǓ‫ܪ‬ƎǩƝƺƽǳƧƝǳǶǩƧ‫ܪ‬ƣǶǩƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ƺƽǬ‫ܪ‬ǍǙǓƴ‫ܪ‬ƝƎǩƧƧǩ‫ے‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ ͮƎǬ ƜǙǩǓ ƽǓ ƎǍƽƳǙǩǓƽƎ ƎǓƣ ǩƎƽǬƧƣ ƽǓ ƺƽǬ ǦƎǩƧǓǳǬ‫ ܘ‬ƺǙǒƧǳǙͮǓ ƽǓ <ǡƝƺƽ UǩƧƳƧƝǳǶǩƧ ƽǓ :ƎǦƎǓ‫ ے‬ƳǳƧǩƴǩƎƣǶƎǳƽǓƴ ƳǩǙǒ ƺƽƴƺ ǬƝƺǙǙǍ ƽǓ :ƎǦƎǓ ƽǓ ‫ ۓظزظذ‬ƺƧ ǩƧǳǶǩǓƧƣ ǳǙ ƎǍƽƳǙǩǓƽƎ ǳǙ ͮǙǩǋ ƎǓƣ ǬǳǶƣʹ ƽǓ ƎƴǩƽƝǶǍǳǶǩƧ ǶǓǳƽǍƺƧ ƎǓƣ ƺƽǬ ƳƎǒƽǍʹ ͮƧǩƧ ǬǶƜǈƧƝǳƧƣ ǳǙ ƽǓǳƧǩǓǒƧǓǳ ƽǓ ǳƺƧ ǩƧǒǙǳƧ ǦǍƎƽǓǬ ǙƳ ǙǍǙǩƎƣǙ Ǝǳ ǳƺƧ ǒƎƝƺƧ /ǓǳƧǩǓǒƧǓǳ
ƎǒǦ ƳǩǙǒ ‫ رسظذ‬ǳǙ ‫ ےسسظذ‬ǶǩƽǓƴ ǳƺƽǬ ǦƧǩƽǙƣ ǙƳ ƽǓǳƧǩǓǒƧǓǳ‫ ۓ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ ƜƧƴƎǓ ǳǙ ǍƧƎǩǓ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƽƝ ǳƧƝƺǓƽǨǶƧǬ
ƳǩǙǒ ƳƧǍǍǙͮ :ƎǦƎǓƧǬƧ‫܈‬ǒƧǩƽƝƎǓǬ‫ ے‬,Ƨ ǩƧǳǶǩǓƧƣ ǳǙ ƺƽƝƎƴǙ ƽǓ ‫ سسظذ‬ƎƳǳƧǩ ƺƽǬ ǩƧǍƧƎǬƧ‫ ۓ‬ƜǩƽƧΟʹ ǬǳǶƣʹƽǓƴ ƎǩƝƺƽǳƧƝǳǶǩƧƎǳ CǙǩǳƺͮƧǬǳƧǩǓ eǓƽͭƧǩǬƽǳʹ ƽǓ ‫܋صسظذ‬ƺƧ ƣƽƣ ǓǙǳ ΞǓƽǬƺ ǳƺƧ ǦǩǙƴǩƎǒ‫ ۓ‬ƜǶǳ ƎǩƝƺƽǳƧƝǳǶǩƧ ǩƧǒƎƽǓƧƣ ƝƧǓǳǩƎǍ ǳǙ ƺƽǬƝƎǩƧƧǩ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧǩƧƎƳǳƧǩ‫ے‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƽƝ ƝƎǩƧƧǩ ƜƧƴƎǓ ͮƺƧǓ ƺƧ ǈǙƽǓƧƣ ǳƺƧ $Ǚǩǳ ƧƎǩƜǙǩǓ ƎǒƧǩƎ ǍǶƜ ƽǓ ‫ ضسظذ‬۳ǓǙͮ $ǙǩǳƧƎǩƜǙǩǓ‫܈‬ƺƽƝƎƴǙ UƺǙǳǙ $ǙǩǶǒ۴ ǶǦǙǓ ƽǓǳǩǙƣǶƝǳƽǙǓ Ɯʹ :ƎǦƎǓƧǬƧ‫܈‬ǒƧǩƽƝƎǓ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧǩ ,Ǝǩǩʹ <ƽǓ͹ƽ [ƺƽƴƧǳƎ‫ے‬,ƽǬ ͮǙǩǋ ͮƎǬ ͮƧǍǍ‫܈‬ǩƧƝƧƽͭƧƣ ƽǓ ǳƺƧ ƝǍǶƜ ƎǓƣ ͮǙǓ ǒƎǓʹ ƝǙǒǦƧǳƽǳƽǙǓǬ‫ ے‬ǳ [ƺƽƴƧǳƎ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ǩƧƝǙǒǒƧǓƣƎǳƽǙǓ‫ ۓ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ
ƧǓǩǙǍǍƧƣ Ǝǳ ǳƺƧ /ǓǬǳƽǳǶǳƧ ǙƳ ƧǬƽƴǓ ۳/۴ ǙƳ ǳƺƧ /ǍǍƽǓǙƽǬ /ǓǬǳƽǳǶǳƧ ǙƳ bƧƝƺǓǙǍǙƴʹ‫ ۓ‬ƎǍǬǙ ǋǓǙͮǓ ƎǬ bƺƧ CƧͮ ƎǶƺƎǶǬ
۳ǳƺƧ ǒƧǩƽƝƎǓ ƣƧǬƝƧǓƣƧǓǳ ǙƳ ǳƺƧ %ƧǩǒƎǓ ƎǶƺƎǶǬ۴‫ ے‬ǳ /‫ ۓ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ ǬǳǶƣƽƧƣ ƎǶƺƎǶǬ ƎƧǬǳƺƧǳƽƝǬ ƜƧƳǙǩƧ ƧǓǳƧǩƽǓƴǳƺƧ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ ƣƧǦƎǩǳǒƧǓǳ‫ͮ ۓ‬ƺƧǩƧ ƺƽǬ ƽǓǬǳǩǶƝǳǙǩǬ ƽǓƝǍǶƣƧƣ ǩƧǓǙͮǓƧƣ ǒƧǩƽƝƎǓ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧǩ ,Ǝǩǩʹ B‫ے‬ƎǍǍƎƺƎǓ‫ ے‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ ͮƎǬ ǳƺƧ ǩƧƝƽǦƽƧǓǳ ǙƳ ǓǶǒƧǩǙǶǬ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ ƎͮƎǩƣǬ‫ ۓ‬ƽǓƝǍǶƣƽǓƴ ǳƺƧ BǙƺǙǍʹ‫܈‬CƎƴʹ[ƝƺǙǍƎǩǬƺƽǦ ƣǶǩƽǓƴ ƺƽǬ ‫ز‬ǩƣ ƎǓƣ ‫س‬ǳƺ ʹƧƎǩǬ ǙƳ ǬǳǶƣʹ‫ ے‬/Ǔ ‫ ۓششظذ‬ƣͮƎǩƣ [ǳƧƽƝƺƧǓ ǬƧǍƧƝǳƧƣ /ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ͮǙǩǋ ƳǙǩ ǳƺƧǍƧƴƧǓƣƎǩʹ $Ɗǎƹǉ̎ ǕƯ BƊǏ ƧͳƺƽƜƽǳƽǙǓ Ǝǳ ǳƺƧ BǶǬƧǶǒ ǙƳ BǙƣƧǩǓ ǩǳ ۳BǙB۴‫ ۓ‬CƧͮ yǙǩǋ‫ ے‬$ǩǙǒ ǳƺƧ ‫دشظذ‬Ǭ ǙǓ‫ۓ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ ƎǍǬǙ ƧͳǦƧǩƽǒƧǓǳƧƣ ƽǓ ƝǙǍǙǩ‫ ۓ‬ǦǩǙƣǶƝƽǓƴ ͭƽƜǩƎǓǳ‫ ۓ‬ǒǶǍǳƽ‫܈‬ƧͳǦǙǬǶǩƧ ƎƜǬǳǩƎƝǳƽǙǓǬ ƳǙǩ ǳƺƧ ƣƧǬƽƴǓ ǒƎƴƎ͹ƽǓƧǢǢǥǕƊƙƶ‫ ۓ‬ǬǳǶƣƽƧǬ ǙƳ ǳƺƧ <ƎǳǬǶǩƎ /ǒǦƧǩƽƎǍ qƽǍǍƎ ƽǓ <ʹǙǳǙ‫ ۓ‬ƎǓƣ Ǝ ƳǶǍǍ‫܈‬Ǭƽ͹Ƨ ǩƧǦǩǙƣǶƝǳƽǙǓ ǙƳ BǙǓƧǳ‫ܣ‬Ǭ ƽǒǒƧǓǬƧ sƎǳƧǩ
=ƽǍƽƧǬ ǳǩƽǦǳʹƝƺ Ǝǳ BǙB‫ ے‬/Ǔ ‫ ۓظصظذ‬ƺƧ ǦǶƜǍƽǬƺƧƣ Ǝ ǦƺǙǳǙ ƜǙǙǋ ǙƳ ǒǙǓǙƝƺǩǙǒƧ ǬǳǩƧƧǳ ǬƝƧǓƧǬ‫ ۓ‬ƶƹƙƊưǕ‫ ق‬ƶƹƙƊưǕ
۳䝅䜹䝂䚸䝅䜹䝂۴‫ͮ ۓ‬ƺƽƝƺ ƝƧǒƧǓǳƧƣ ƺƽǬ ǩƧǦǶǳƎǳƽǙǓ ƎǬ Ǝ ǋƧƧǓ ǙƜǬƧǩͭƧǩ ǙƳ Ɲƽǳʹ ǍƽƳƧ‫ ە‬Ǝǳ ǳƺƧ ǳƽǒƧ‫ ۓ‬ƺƧ ͮƎǬ ƎǍǬǙ ǳƧƎƝƺƽǓƴ
Ǝǳ‫ͭܪ‬ƎǩƽǙǶǬ‫ܪ‬ƣƧǬƽƴǓ‫ܪ‬ǬƝƺǙǙǍǬ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ܪے‬/Ǔ‫ܪۓصظظذܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƎƜƽǓƧǳ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬:ƎǦƎǓ‫ܪ‬ǓƎǒƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƺƽǒ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬UƧǩǬǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǶǍǳǶǩƎǍ‫ܪ‬BƧǩƽǳ‫ے‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܣ‬Ǭ ͮǙǩǋ ƝƎǓ ƜƧ ƳǙǶǓƣ ƽǓ ǒƎǓʹ ǒƎǈǙǩ ƽǓǬǳƽǳǶǳƽǙǓǬ ƽǓƝǍǶƣƽǓƴ ǳƺƧ BǶǬƧǶǒ ǙƳ BǙƣƧǩǓ ǩǳ‫ ۓ‬CƧͮ yǙǩǋ‫ە‬ǳƺƧ ǩǳ /ǓǬǳƽǳǶǳƧ ǙƳ ƺƽƝƎƴǙ‫ ە‬ǳƺƧ BǶǬƧǶǒ ǙƳ $ƽǓƧ ǩǳǬ‫ ۓ‬,ǙǶǬǳǙǓ‫ ە‬ǳƺƧ CƎǳƽǙǓƎǍ BǶǬƧǶǒ ǙƳ BǙƣƧǩǓ ǩǳ‫ ۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ە‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬BǶǬƧǶǒ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǩǳ‫<ܪۓ‬ǙƝƺƽ‫ܪە‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƎǶƺƎǶǬ‫܈‬ǩƝƺƽͭۢBǶǬƧǶǒ‫ܪ‬ƳǺǩ‫ܪ‬%ƧǬǳƎǍǳǶǓƴ‫ܪۓ‬ƧǩǍƽǓ‫ے‬yƎǬǶƺƽǩǙ‫ܪ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ
:ƊǢƊǏ‫ښ‬ƙ‫ֲֳַֻف‬Ǩ‫ֲָٷ‬Ǩ%ƧǍƎǳƽǓ‫[ܪ‬ƽǍͭƧǩ‫ܪ‬UǩƽǓǳ
CƧƴƎǳƽͭƧ‫ܪ‬ƣƎǳƧ‫ܪ‬ƝƽǩƝƎ‫دشظذܪ‬Ǭ‫دص܈‬ǬUǩƽǓǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƧƎǩǍʹ‫دطظذܪ‬ǬUƎǦƧǩ‫ܪ‬Ǭƽ͹Ƨ‫ܪسذܪͳܪذذܪ‬ƽǓƝƺƧǬ
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/Ǔ /ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ͮǙǩǋ‫ ۓ‬ǙǓƧ ƝƎǓ ΞǓƣ Ǝ ƝǙǓΟǶƧǓƝƧ ǙƳ ƽƝǙǓǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ ǳƺƎǳ ƽǬ ǩƧΟƧƝǳƽͭƧ ǙƳ ǳƺƧ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧǩ‫ܘ‬Ǭ:ƎǦƎǓƧǬƧ‫܈‬ǒƧǩƽƝƎǓ ǦƧǩǬǙǓƎǍ ǩǙǙǳǬ ƎǬ ͮƧǍǍ ƎǬ ǳƺƧ ǦǙǬǳ‫ͮ܈‬Ǝǩ‫ ۓ‬ǦǙǬǳ‫܈‬ǙƝƝǶǦƎǳƽǙǓ ǒǙǒƧǓǳ ƽǓ ͮƺƽƝƺ ǳƺƽǬ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺ
ͮƎǬ ǳƎǋƧǓ‫ ے‬bƺƧ ƺƽƴƺǍʹ ƳǙǩǒƎǍƽǬǳ ƝǙǓǬǳǩǶƝǳƽǙǓ ǙƳ :ƊǢƊǏ ƙ‫ֲֳַֻف‬Ǩ‫ֲָٷ‬Ǩ ƽǬ ƎǓ ƽƝǙǓƽƝ ǩƧǦǩƧǬƧǓǳƎǳƽǙǓ ǙƳ /ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܘ‬ǬǬǓƎǦǬƺǙǳ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ‫ܪ‬ƎǬ‫ܪ‬ƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǬǋƽǍǍƳǶǍǍʹ‫ܪ‬ƝƎǦǳǶǩƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǒǙǙƣ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƽǬ‫ܪ‬ǳǶǒǶǍǳǶǙǶǬ‫ܪ‬ƧǩƎ‫ܪ‬ǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǬǳǩƧƧǳǬ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ے‬bƺƧ ǬƧǓǬƧ ǙƳ ƳǙǩǒƎǍ ƎƜǬǳǩƎƝǳƽǙǓ ƧͭƽƣƧǓƝƧƣ ƽǓ ǳƺƽǬ ͮǙǩǋ ƽǬ ƝǍƧƎǩǍʹ Ǝ ǳƧǬǳƎǒƧǓǳ ǳǙ /ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ƺƽƴƺǍʹ ƽǓΟǶƧǓǳƽƎǍ
ǳƧƎƝƺƧǩ‫ ۓ‬,Ǝǩǩʹ B‫ ے‬ƎǍǍƎƺƎǓ Ǝǳ ǳƺƧ ƺƽƝƎƴǙ /ǓǬǳƽǳǶǳƧ ǙƳ ƧǬƽƴǓ‫ ے‬bƺƧ ƧͳǳǩƧǒƧ ƝǙǓǳǩƎǬǳ ǙƳ ǳƺƧ ǦǩƽǓǳ ƎǓƣ ǩƧƣǶƝǳƽǙǓǙƳ ƳǙǩǒ ƎǩƧ ǩƧǬǙǓƎǓǳ ǙƳ ƎǍǍƎƺƎǓ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ǬƽƴǓƎǳǶǩƧ ǬǳʹǍƧ‫ ۓ‬ƎǓ ƎǦǦǩǙƎƝƺ ǳƺƎǳ /ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ ƽǓƝǙǩǦǙǩƎǳƧƣ ƽǓǳǙ ƺƽǬ ǙͮǓ ͮǙǩǋ‫ے‬bƺƧ ƧͳƎƝǳƽǓƴ ǬǳǩǶƝǳǶǩƧ ǙƳ ǳƺƧ ƽǒƎƴƧ‫ͮ ۓ‬ƽǳƺ ƽǳǬ ƝǍƧƎǩǍʹ ǬǍƎǓǳƧƣ ǍƽǓƧǬ ƎƜǙǶǓƣƽǓƴ‫ ۓ‬ƎǍǬǙ ƎǍǍǶƣƧǬ ǳǙ /ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ƧƎǩǍƽƧǩ
ǬǳǶƣʹ ǙƳ ƎǩƝƺƽǳƧƝǳǶǩƧ Ǝǳ CǙǩǳƺͮƧǬǳƧǩǓ eǓƽͭƧǩǬƽǳʹ ƎǓƣ ƺƽǬ ǙǓƴǙƽǓƴ ƽǓǳƧǍǍƧƝǳǶƎǍ ƎǬǬǙƝƽƎǳƽǙǓ ͮƽǳƺ ǳƺƧ ǍƧƎƣƽǓƴ
ƎǩƝƺƽǳƧƝǳǬ ǙƳ ǳƺƧ ǳƽǒƧ‫ ۓ‬sƎǍǳƧǩ %ǩǙǦƽǶǬ ƎǓƣ <ƧǓ͹ǡ bƎǓƴƧ‫ͮ ۓ‬ƽǳƺ ͮƺǙǒ ƺƧ ƝǙǍǍƎƜǙǩƎǳƧƣ ƳǙǩ ǳƺƧƽǩ ƝƧǍƧƜǩƎǳƧƣ ƜǙǙǋ<ƊǯǨǲǥƊ‫ښق‬bǥƊƟƹǯƹǕǏ‫ښ‬ƊǏƟ‫ښ‬ǥƣƊǯƹǕǏ‫ښ‬ƹǏ‫ښ‬:ƊǢƊǏƣǨƣ‫ښ‬ǥƙƶƹǯƣƙǯǲǥƣ ۳‫دصظذ‬۴‫ے‬bƺƧ ǬǳƎǩǋ ͮƺƽǳƧ ǬǳǙƝǋƽǓƴǬ ǙƳ Ǝ ǒǙƣƧǩǓ :ƎǦƎǓƧǬƧ ͮǙǒƎǓ ͮƧƎǩƽǓƴ ǳǩƎƣƽǳƽǙǓƎǍ ưƣǯƊ‫ ق‬Ǚǩ ͮǙǙƣƧǓ ƝǍǙƴǬ‫ ۓ‬ƎǩƧƝǙǶǓǳƧǩƜƎǍƎǓƝƧƣ Ɯʹ ǳƺƧ ƣƎǩǋ ǬƽǍƺǙǶƧǳǳƧ ǙƳ ǳƺƧ ƎǩƝƺƽǳƧƝǳǶǩƎǍ ǬǳǩǶƝǳǶǩƧ ǙƳ ǳƺƧ ǳǩƎƣƽǳƽǙǓƎǍ ƜǶƽǍƣƽǓƴ ƜƧƺƽǓƣ ƺƧǩ‫ ۓ‬ƎǬͮƧǍǍ ƎǬ ǳƺƧ ǳƽǍƧƣ ƣƧǳƎƽǍǬ ǙƳ ǳƺƧ ƜǶƽǍƣƽǓƴ ƽǓ ǳƺƧ ƜƎƝǋƴǩǙǶǓƣ‫ ے‬bƺƧ ƣǩƎǦƧƣ ƝƎǩ‫ ۓ‬Ǝ ǓǙƣ ǳǙ ǒƧǩƽƝƎǓƽ͹ƎǳƽǙǓ ƎǓƣ ǳƺƧƝǙǓƝǶǩǩƧǓǳ ƝǶǍǳǶǩƎǍ ǒƽͳ ǙƳ ǳƺƧ ǦǙǬǳ‫܈‬ǙƝƝǶǦƎǳƽǙǓ ʹƧƎǩǬ ƽǓ :ƎǦƎǓ‫ ۓ‬ƽǬ ǩƧǒƽǓƽǬƝƧǓǳ ǙƳ ƎǓ ƽǒƎƴƧ ǙǓƧ ǒƽƴƺǳ ǬƧƧ ƜʹXǙƜƧǩǳ $ǩƎǓǋ‫ ۓ‬ǳƺƧ ͮƧǍǍ‫܈‬ǋǓǙͮǓ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧǩ ǙƳ ǒƧǩƽƝƎǓ ƝǶǍǳǶǩƧ ƳǩǙǒ ǳƺƧ ǬƎǒƧ ƧǩƎ‫܋‬ƎǓǙǳƺƧǩ ΞƴǶǩƧ ǳƺƎǳ ͮƎǬƺǶƴƧǍʹ‫ܪ‬ƽǓΟǶƧǓǳƽƎǍ‫ͮܪ‬ƽǳƺƽǓ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬:ƎǦƎǓƧǬƧ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙ‫ܪ‬ƝǙǒǒǶǓƽǳʹ‫ے‬yƎǬǶƺƽǩǙ‫ܪ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ
/ǏƯǕǥǎƊǉ‫[ښ‬ǯǕǏƣ‫ښ‬UƊ̇ƣǎƣǏǯ‫ښ‬ƊǏƟ‫[ښ‬ǯƣǢǢƹǏư‫[ښ‬ǯǕǏƣǨ‫ښ‬ƹǏ‫ښ‬$ǥǕǏǯ‫ښ‬ǕƯ‫ښ‬ǯƶƣ‫<ښ‬ǕǨƶǕƹǏ
%ƧǍƎǳƽǓ‫[ܪ‬ƽǍͭƧǩ‫ܪ‬UǩƽǓǳ
CƧƴƎǳƽͭƧ‫ܪ‬ƣƎǳƧ‫ܪ‬ƝƽǩƝƎ‫سش܈زشظذܪ‬UǩƽǓǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƧƎǩǍʹ‫شطظذܪ‬UƎǦƧǩ‫ܪ‬Ǭƽ͹Ƨ‫ܪسذܪͳܪذذܪ‬ƽǓƝƺƧǬ
[ƽƴǓƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƧǒƜǙǬǬƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǩƧƝǳǙ
UXHqCCǩǳƽǬǳ

/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ ΞǩǬǳ ͭƽǬƽǳƧƣ ǳƺƧ <ƎǳǬǶǩƎ /ǒǦƧǩƽƎǍ qƽǍǍƎ ƽǓ <ʹǙǳǙ ƽǓ ‫ͮ ۓزشظذ‬ƺƧǓ ƺƧ ͮƎǬ ƽǓͭƽǳƧƣ Ɯʹ ƣͮƎǩƣ [ǳƧƽƝƺƧǓ‫ ۓ‬ǳƺƧǓǳƺƧ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ ƝǶǩƎǳǙǩ Ǝǳ BǙB‫ ۓ‬ǳǙ Ǝƽƣ ƽǓ ǩƧǬƧƎǩƝƺ ǙǓ :ƎǦƎǓƧǬƧ ǳǩƎƣƽǳƽǙǓƎǍ ƎǩƝƺƽǳƧƝǳǶǩƧ ƳǙǩ ƎǓ ǶǦƝǙǒƽǓƴ
ƧͳƺƽƜƽǳƽǙǓ‫ ے‬,ƎͭƽǓƴ ǬǳǶƣƽƧƣ Ǝ ƝǙǒƜƽǓƎǳƽǙǓ ǙƳ ǒƧǩƽƝƎǓ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƽƝ ǳƺƧǙǩʹ ƎǓƣ ƎǶƺƎǶǬ ƣƧǬƽƴǓ Ǝǳ ƺƽƝƎƴǙ‫ܘ‬Ǭ/ǓǬǳƽǳǶǳƧ ǙƳ ƧǬƽƴǓ‫ ۓ‬ƎǬ ͮƧǍǍ ƎǬ ƎǩƝƺƽǳƧƝǳǶǩƧ Ǝǳ CǙǩǳƺͮƧǬǳƧǩǓ eǓƽͭƧǩǬƽǳʹ‫ ۓ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ ƽǒǒƧƣƽƎǳƧǍʹ ǩƧƝǙƴǓƽ͹Ƨƣ ǳƺƧǦǙǳƧǓǳƽƎǍ ǙƳ ǳƺƧ <ƎǳǬǶǩƎ /ǒǦƧǩƽƎǍ qƽǍǍƎ ƎǬ Ǝ ǒǙƣƧǩǓ ǬǶƜǈƧƝǳ‫ ے‬,Ƨ ǩƧǳǶǩǓƧƣ ƳǙǩ ƎǓ ƧͳǳƧǓƣƧƣ ǬǳƎʹ ƽǓ ‫ۓسشظذ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƽǓƴ ǳƺƧ ͭƽǍǍƎ ƎǓƣ ƽǳǬ ƜƧƎǶǳƽƳǶǍ ƴƎǩƣƧǓǬ ǙͭƧǩ ǳƺƧ ƝǙǶǩǬƧ ǙƳ Ǝ ǒǙǓǳƺ ͮƽǳƺ ƺƽǬ ‫ ش ͳ س‬%ƧǩǒƎǓ =ƽǓƺǙƳ
ƝƎǒƧǩƎ‫ے‬bƺƧ ǳͮǙ ǦǩƽǓǳǬ ƳǩǙǒ ǳƺƧ ƧƎǩǍʹ ‫دشظذ‬Ǭ ǙƳ ǳƺƧ ƴƎǩƣƧǓ ǦƎǳƺͮƎʹǬ ƽǓ ǳƺƧ ƴǩǙǶǓƣǬ ǙƳ ǳƺƧ <ƎǳǬǶǩƎ ƎǩƧ ǩƧǦǩƧǬƧǓǳƎǳƽͭƧ ǙƳǳƺƧ ƧͳǳƧǓǬƽͭƧ ƜǙƣʹ ǙƳ ͮǙǩǋ ǳƺƎǳ ǳƺƧ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧǩ ǳƺƧǓ ƎǩǩƎǓƴƧƣ ǳǙ ƜƧ ǦǶƜǍƽǬƺƧƣ ƽǓ ‫ دصظذ‬ƎǬ ǳƺƧ ƽǓΟǶƧǓǳƽƎǍ ƜǙǙǋ<ƊǯǨǲǥƊ‫ ق‬bǥƊƟƹǯƹǕǏ ƊǏƟ ǥƣƊǯƹǕǏ ƹǏ :ƊǢƊǏƣǨƣ ǥƙƶƹǯƣƙǯǲǥƣ‫ ۓ‬ƳǙǩ ͮƺƽƝƺ ƺƧ ƝǙǍǍƎƜǙǩƎǳƧƣ ͮƽǳƺ ,ƧǩƜƧǩǳ ƎʹƧǩ‫< ۓ‬ƧǓ͹ǡbƎǓƴƧ‫ ۓ‬ƎǓƣ sƎǍǳƧǩ %ǩǙǦƽǶǬ‫ ے‬bƺƽǬ ƜǙǙǋ ǬƧǩͭƧƣ ƎǬ ƎǓ ƽǒǦǙǩǳƎǓǳ ƝǙǓǳǩƽƜǶǳƽǙǓ ǳǙ ǳƺƧ ƴǩǙͮƽǓƴ ƽǓǳƧǩǓƎǳƽǙǓƎǍ ƽǓǳƧǩƧǬǳƽǓ ǦǙǬǳͮƎǩ :ƎǦƎǓƧǬƧ Ǝǩǳ Ǝǳ ǳƺƧ ǳƽǒƧ‫܋‬ƎǓƣ ƽǓ ǦƎǩǳƽƝǶǍƎǩ‫ ۓ‬ǳƺƧ ƝǙǓͭƧǩƴƧǓƝƧ ǙƳ ǳƺƧ ΞƧǍƣǬ ǙƳ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ ƎǓƣƎǩƝƺƽǳƧƝǳǶǩƧ‫ے‬/Ǔ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƧƎǩǍʹ‫دطظذܪ‬Ǭ‫ܪۓ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ͭܪ‬ƽǬƽǳƧƣ‫<ܪ‬ƎǳǬǶǩƎ‫ܪ‬ƎƴƎƽǓ‫ܪ‬ƎƳǳƧǩ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ͭܪ‬ƽǍǍƎ‫ܪ‬ƺƎƣ‫ܪ‬ǶǓƣƧǩƴǙǓƧ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ǩƧǓǙͭƎǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǦǩǙƝƧǬǬ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƎǳǩƧǬǳǙǩƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǒǶƝƺ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ƽǳǬ‫ܪ‬ǙǩƽƴƽǓƎǍ‫ܪ‬ƣƧƝǙǩƎǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǙǩǓƎǒƧǓǳƎǳƽǙǓ‫ܪے‬ƎǦǳǶǩƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧǬƧ‫ܪ‬ǬƺƽƳǳǬ‫ͮܪ‬ƽǳƺ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǬƎǒƧ‫ܪشܪͳܪسܪ‬%ƧǩǒƎǓ
=ƽǓƺǙƳ‫ܪ‬ƝƎǒƧǩƎ‫ܪۓ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܪ‬ƳǙƝǶǬƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƺƽǬ‫ܪ‬ǍƧǓǬ‫ܪ‬ǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǩƧǓǙͭƎǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƣƧǳƎƽǍǬ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƽǓǳƧǩƽǙǩ‫ܪۓ‬ƧǒƜǩƎƝƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ƜǩǙƎƣƧǩ‫ͭܪ‬ƽǬǶƎǍ
ǬƧǓǬƽƜƽǍƽǳʹ‫ܪ‬ƽǓƳǙǩǒƧƣ‫ܪ‬Ɯʹ‫ܪ‬ǳͮǙ‫ܪ‬ƣƧƝƎƣƧǬ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƽƝ‫ͮܪ‬Ǚǩǋ‫ܪ‬ǬƽǓƝƧ‫ܪ‬ƺƽǬ‫ܪ‬ƧƎǩǍƽƧǩ‫ܪ‬ǬƺǙǳǬ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ <ƎǳǬǶǩƎ‫ ܪے‬ǬƽƴǓƽΞƝƎǓǳƴǩǙǶǦ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧǬƧ‫ܪ‬ƽǒƎƴƧǬ‫ܪ‬ǒƎǋƧ‫ܪ‬ǶǦ‫ܪ‬ƺƽǬ‫ܪ‬ǬƧƝǙǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǦǶƜǍƽƝƎǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ͭܪ‬ƽǍǍƎ‫ܪۓ‬ƧǓǳƽǳǍƧƣ <ƊǯǨǲǥƊ‫ښ‬qƹǉǉƊ‫[ښك‬ǢƊƙƣ‫ښ‬ƊǏƟ‫ښ‬$Ǖǥǎ‫ق‬ǦǶƜǍƽǬƺƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪزطظذܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬ƝǙǍǍƎƜǙǩƎǳƽǙǓ‫ͮܪ‬ƽǳƺ‫ܪ‬ǩƎǳƎ‫ܪ‬/ǬǙ͹Ǝǋƽ‫ܪے‬bƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǳͮǙ‫ܪ‬ǦǩƽǓǳǬ‫ܪ‬ƳǩǙǒ‫ܪ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܘ‬Ǭ‫ͭܪ‬ƽǬƽǳ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ‫<ܪ‬ƎǳǬǶǩƎ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧƧƎǩǍʹ‫دطظذܪ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬ƽǓͭƽǳƧ‫ͭܪ‬ƽƧͮƧǩǬ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ‫ܪ‬ǙƜǬƧǩͭƧ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƧͭǙǍͭƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ǓƎǳǶǩƧ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ǦƎǩǳƽƝǶǍƎǩ‫ܪ‬ǍǙƝƎǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ƎǬ‫ͮܪ‬ƧǍǍ‫ܪ‬ƎǬ‫ܪ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܘ‬ǬǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƽƝ‫ܪ‬ǦǩƎƝǳƽƝƧ‫ے‬/Ǔ /ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ ƳǩǙǒ ƜǙǳƺ ǳƺƧ ‫دشظذ‬Ǭ ƎǓƣ ‫دطظذ‬Ǭ‫ ۓ‬ǳƺƧ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧǩ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ǍƧǓǬ ƣƧƳǳǍʹ ƝƎǦǳǶǩƧƣ ǳǩƎƣƽǳƽǙǓƎǍ
ƧǍƧǒƧǓǳǬ ǙƳ :ƎǦƎǓƧǬƧ ƎǩƝƺƽǳƧƝǳǶǩƧ ƎǓƣ ǍƎǓƣǬƝƎǦƧ ƣƧǬƽƴǓ ǳƺǩǙǶƴƺ ƺƽǬ sƧǬǳƧǩǓ ǳǩƎƽǓƽǓƴ‫ ۓ‬ƧͳǦǍǙǩƽǓƴ ǳƺƧ ƜǙǶǓƣƎǩƽƧǬ
ƜƧǳͮƧƧǓ ƽǓǳƧǩƽǙǩ ƎǓƣ ƧͳǳƧǩƽǙǩ ͮƺƽǍƧ ƺƽƴƺǍƽƴƺǳƽǓƴ ǳƺƧ ͭƽǍǍƎ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ǒƎǳƧǩƽƎǍ ƝǙǓǬǳǩǶƝǳƽǙǓ‫ ے‬,Ƨ ƧǒǦƺƎǬƽ͹Ƨƣ ǍƽǓƧ ƎǓƣ ƳǙǩǒ‫ۓ‬ƎǬ ͮƧǍǍ ƎǬ ǳƧͳǳǶǩƧ ƎǓƣ ǦƎǳǳƧǩǓ ƽǓ ͮƎʹǬ ǳƺƎǳ ƳǙǩǒƎǍǍʹ ƎƜǬǳǩƎƝǳƧƣ ǳƺƧ ǳǩƎƣƽǳƽǙǓƎǍ ͭƽǍǍƎ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ǩƧƝǙƴǓƽ͹ƎƜǍƧ ǬǳǩǶƝǳǶǩƧ‫ ے‬ƎƝƺǙƳ ǳƺƧǬƧ ƳǙǶǩ ǦǩƽǓǳǬ ƎǩƧ ǳƽǳǍƧƣ ͮƽǳƺ ǳƺƧƽǩ ǬǦƧƝƽΞƝ ǍǙƝƎǳƽǙǓ Ǝǳ ǳƺƧ <ƎǳǬǶǩƎ /ǒǦƧǩƽƎǍ qƽǍǍƎ‫ ۓ‬ǙΛƧǩƽǓƴ ƽǓǬƽƴƺǳ ƽǓǳǙ ǳƺƧǦǍƎƝƧǒƧǓǳ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƺƽǬ‫ܪ‬ƝƎǒƧǩƎ‫ܪۓ‬ƎǬ‫ͮܪ‬ƧǍǍ‫ܪ‬ƎǬ‫ܪ‬ƎǍǍǙͮƽǓƴ‫ͭܪ‬ƽƧͮƧǩǬ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ‫ܪ‬ǙƜǬƧǩͭƧ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǳƽǒƧǍƧǬǬ‫ܪ‬ƜƧƎǶǳʹ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ƽǳǬ‫ܪ‬ƣƧǬƽƴǓ‫ے‬yƎǬǶƺƽǩǙ‫ܪ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ
[ǯƣǢǢƹǏư‫[ښ‬ǯǕǏƣǨ‫ښ‬ǯǕ‫ښ‬ǯƶƣ‫ښ‬HǇǕǨƶƹǇƊǇƣ
%ƧǍƎǳƽǓ‫[ܪ‬ƽǍͭƧǩ‫ܪ‬UǩƽǓǳ
CƧƴƎǳƽͭƧ‫ܪ‬ƣƎǳƧ‫ܪ‬ƝƽǩƝƎ‫سش܈زشظذܪ‬UǩƽǓǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƧƎǩǍʹ‫دطظذܪ‬ǬUƎǦƧǩ‫ܪ‬Ǭƽ͹Ƨ‫ܪسذܪͳܪذذܪ‬ƽǓƝƺƧǬ
[ƽƴǓƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƧǒƜǙǬǬƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǩƧƝǳǙ
UXHqCCǩǳƽǬǳyƎǬǶƺƽǩǙ‫ܪ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ
<ǕǨƶǕƹǏ‫ښك‬qƹƣ̈‫ښ‬ǕƯ‫ښ‬ǯƶƣ‫ښ‬$ƹǥǨǯ‫ښ‬XǕǕǎ‫ښ‬ƯǥǕǎ‫ښ‬ǯƶƣ‫[ښ‬ƣƙǕǏƟ‫ښ‬XǕǕǎ%ƧǍƎǳƽǓ‫[ܪ‬ƽǍͭƧǩ‫ܪ‬UǩƽǓǳ
CƧƴƎǳƽͭƧ‫ܪ‬ƣƎǳƧ‫ܪ‬ƝƽǩƝƎ‫رطظذ܈ذطظذܪ‬UǩƽǓǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƧƎǩǍʹ‫شطظذܪ‬UƎǦƧǩ‫ܪ‬Ǭƽ͹Ƨ‫ܪسذܪͳܪذذܪ‬ƽǓƝƺƧǬ
[ƽƴǓƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƧǒƜǙǬǬƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǩƧƝǳǙ
UXHqCCǩǳƽǬǳyƎǬǶƺƽǩǙ‫ܪ‬/ǬƺƽǒǙǳǙ
=Ǖ̈ƣǥ‫ښ‬UƊǥǯ‫ښ‬ǕƯ‫ښ‬ǯƶƣ‫ښ‬ǕǉǲǎǏ‫ښ‬ƣǯ̈ƣƣǏ‫ښ‬ǯƶƣ‫ښ‬BƊƹǏ‫ښ‬ƊǏƟ‫[ښ‬ƣƙǕǏƟ‫ښ‬XǕǕǎ‫ښ‬ǕƯ‫ښ‬ǯƶƣ‫ښ‬Cƣ̈‫ښ‬%ǕǯƣǏ
%ƧǍƎǳƽǓ‫[ܪ‬ƽǍͭƧǩ‫ܪ‬UǩƽǓǳ
CƧƴƎǳƽͭƧ‫ܪ‬ƣƎǳƧ‫ܪ‬ƝƽǩƝƎ‫رطظذ܈ذطظذܪ‬UǩƽǓǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƎƳǳƧǩ‫شطظذܪ‬UƎǦƧǩ‫ܪ‬Ǭƽ͹Ƨ‫ܪسذܪͳܪذذܪ‬ƽǓƝƺƧǬ
[ƽƴǓƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƧǒƜǙǬǬƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǩƧƝǳǙ
UXHqCCǩǳƽǬǳ

</yH:/‫ܪ‬Pb[e:/ƽǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ<ƽʹǙǈƽ PǳǬǶǈƽ ۳኱㎷ Ύྖ‫ ۓ‬PǯǨǲǄƹ <ƹ̎ǕǄƹ‫ ۓ‬Ɯ‫ ے‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ذددر܊زرظذ ۓ‬۴ ͮƎǬ Ǝ :ƎǦƎǓƧǬƧ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧǩ ƎƝǳƽͭƧ ƽǓ ǳƺƧƎͭƎǓǳ‫܈‬ƴƎǩƣƧ Ǝǩǳ ͮǙǩǍƣ ƽǓ :ƎǦƎǓ ƎƳǳƧǩ sǙǩǍƣ sƎǩ //‫ ے‬,Ƨ ƝǩƧƎǳƧƣ ƺƽǬ ǙͮǓ ƧͳǦƧǩƽǒƧǓǳƎǍ ƎǓƣ ǬƝǶǍǦǳǶǩƎǍ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ
ƎǓƣ ǳǙǙǋ ͮƽƣƧǍʹ ƝƽǩƝǶǍƎǳƧƣ ƣǙƝǶǒƧǓǳƎǩʹ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ ǙƳ ǙǳƺƧǩ ƎǩǳƽǬǳǬ ƎǓƣ Ǝǩǳ ǦǩǙǈƧƝǳǬ‫ ے‬,Ƨ ͮƎǬ ƣƧƧǦǍʹ ƽǓǬǦƽǩƧƣ ƜʹǳƺƧ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ ƝǩƽǳƽƝƽǬǒ ǙƳ [ƺǾ͹ǡ bƎǋƽƴǶƝƺƽ ƎǓƣ ƜƧ CǙƜǶʹƎ ƎǓƣ ͮƧǓǳ ǙǓ ǳǙ ƜƧƝǙǒƧ ƎǓ ƎǶǳƺǙǩƽǳʹ ǙǓǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ ƎǬ ͮƧǍǍ‫ ۓ‬ƧͳǳƧǓǬƽͭƧǍʹ ǦǶƜǍƽǬƺƽǓƴ ǳƧͳǳǬ‫܋‬ƜǙǳƺ ƝǩƽǳƽƝƽǬǒ ƎǓƣ ǳƺƧǙǩʹ‫܋‬ǳƺƎǳ ƺƎͭƧ ͮƽƣƧǍʹ ƽǓΟǶƧǓƝƧƣ ǍƎǳƧǩ
ƴƧǓƧǩƎǳƽǙǓǬ‫ے‬PǳǬǶǈƽ ƴǩƎƣǶƎǳƧƣ ƳǩǙǒ ǳƺƧ bǙǋʹǙ UǩǙƳƧǬǬƽǙǓƎǍ [ƝƺǙǙǍ ǙƳ UƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ ƽǓ ‫ ےسسظذ‬ǳ ǳƺƧ ƜƧƴƽǓǓƽǓƴ ǙƳ ƺƽǬǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ ƝƎǩƧƧǩ‫ ۓ‬PǳǬǶǈƽ ͮǙǩǋƧƣ ǒǙǬǳǍʹ ƽǓ ǳƺƧ ΞƧǍƣ ǙƳ ƝǙǒǒƧǩƝƽƎǍ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ‫ ۓ‬ƝǩƧƎǳƽǓƴ ǬǳǶƣƽǙ ͮǙǩǋ ƎǓƣǒƎƴƎ͹ƽǓƧ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ‫ ے‬,Ƨ ΞǩǬǳ ͮǙǩǋƧƣ ƎǬ Ǝ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧǩ Ǝǳ bƎǋƎƜƎʹƎǬƺƽ [ǳǶƣƽǙ ǩǶǓ Ɯʹ bƎǋƎƳǶǬƎ ƎǓƣ yƎǬǶǬƺƽ
bƎǋƎƜƎʹƎǬƺƽ‫ ۓ‬ƜƧƳǙǩƧ ǒƧƧǳƽǓƴ yǙǬƺƽǬƺƽƴƧ [Ǝƽǳǡ ƽǓ ‫ ضسظذ‬ƎǓƣ ǈǙƽǓƽǓƴ ǳƺƧ ǒƎƴƎ͹ƽǓƧ <Ɗǯƣƹ ǲǏǇƊ ۳,Ǖǎƣ ǲǉǯǲǥƣ۴‫ۓ‬ͮƺƧǩƧ ƺƧ ͮǙǩǋƧƣ ƳǙǩ ǙǓƧ ʹƧƎǩ‫ ے‬PǳǬǶǈƽ ǙǦƧǓƧƣ ƺƽǬ ǙͮǓ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ ǬǳǶƣƽǙ ƽǓ [ƧǓƣƎƴƎʹƎ‫ ۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ ۓ‬ƽǓ ‫ ےضسظذ‬/Ǔ‫ ۓزشظذ‬ǳǙƴƧǳƺƧǩ ͮƽǳƺ <ǙǬƎǋǶ /ǳǙ ƎǓƣ ,ƎǒƎǙ ,ƎǒƎƣƎ‫ ۓ‬PǳǬǶǈƽ ƳǙǶǓƣƧƣ ǳƺƧ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ ƎǓƣ ƣƧǬƽƴǓ ǬǳǶƣƽǙ
%ǩƎǦƺƽƝ %ǩǙǶǦ‫ ے‬bƺƧǩƧƎƳǳƧǩ‫ ۓ‬ƺƧ ǦƎǩǳƽƝƽǦƎǳƧƣ ƽǓ ǳƺƧ ƽǓǳƧǩƣƽǬƝƽǦǍƽǓƎǩʹ ƎͭƎǓǳ‫܈‬ƴƎǩƣƧ Ǝǩǳ ƝǙǍǍƧƝǳƽͭƧ :ƽǋǋƧǓ <ǡƜǡ۳ͳǦƧǩƽǒƧǓǳƎǍ sǙǩǋǬƺǙǦ۴‫ͮ ۓ‬ƺƽƝƺ ƜǩǙǶƴƺǳ ǳǙƴƧǳƺƧǩ ʹǙǶǓƴ ǒǶǬƽƝƽƎǓǬ ƎǓƣ ƎǩǳƽǬǳǬ ǶǓƣƧǩ ǳƺƧ ǒƧǓǳǙǩǬƺƽǦ ǙƳbƎǋƽƴǶƝƺƽ‫ے‬PǳǬǶǈƽ ƎǍǬǙ ǍƧƳǳ ƜƧƺƽǓƣ Ǝ ǬƽƴǓƽΞƝƎǓǳ ǍƧƴƎƝʹ ƎǬ Ǝ ǳƧƎƝƺƧǩ‫ ۔‬ƳǩǙǒ ‫ ۓدصظذ‬ƺƧ ǳƎǶƴƺǳ Ǝǳ <ǶͮƎǬƎͮƎ ƧǬƽƴǓ [ƝƺǙǙǍ‫ ۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ~ǡǋƧƽ eǓƽͭƧǩǬƽǳʹ‫ ۓ‬eǓƽͭƧǩǬƽǳʹ ǙƳ bǬǶǋǶƜƎ‫ ۓ‬ƎǓƣ <ʹǶǬƺǶ [ƎǓƴʹǡ eǓƽͭƧǩǬƽǳʹ‫ ۓ‬ƎǒǙǓƴ ǙǳƺƧǩ ǦǍƎƝƧǬ‫ ے‬,ƽǬ ǬǳǶƣƧǓǳǬ
ƽǓƝǍǶƣƧ bǙǋǶǋǙ eǬƺƽǙƣƎ‫ ۓ‬yǶǳƎǋƎ bƎǋƎǓƎǬƺƽ‫[ ۓ‬ƺƽǓ͹ǡ [ƺƽǒƎǙ‫[ ۓ‬ƺƽƴƧǙ %ǙƝƺǡ ƎǓƣ CƎǙʹƎ ,ƎǳƎǋƧʹƎǒƎ‫ ے‬ǒǙǓƴHǳǬǶǈƽ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ǒƎƽǓ ƧͳƺƽƜƽǳǬ ƽǓƝǍǶƣƧ <ƹ̎ǕǄƹ PǯǨǲǄƹ ̍ƶƹƘƹǯƹǕǏ Ǝǳ bǙǋʹǙ %ƎǍǍƧǩʹ ۳‫ضطظذ‬۴‫< ۓ‬ƹ̎ǕǄƹ PǯǨǲǄƹ XƣǯǥǕǨǢƣƙǯƹ̇ƣ ‫ٹ‬̍ǢƣǥƹǎƣǏǯƊǉ sǕǥǇǨƶǕǢ ǕƯ UƶǕǯǕưǥƊǢƶ̎ Ǝǳ bƺƧ CƎǳƽǙǓƎǍ BǶǬƧǶǒ ǙƳ BǙƣƧǩǓ ǩǳ‫ ۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ ۳‫ظظظذ‬۴‫ ۓ‬ƎǓƣ <ƹ̎ǕǄƹPǯǨǲǄƹ‫ ك‬ǏƙǕǲǏǯƣǥ ƊǏƟ ǕǉǉƊƘǕǥƊǯƹǕǏ Ǝǳ bƺƧ [ƺǡǳǡ BǶǬƧǶǒ ǙƳ ǩǳ‫ ۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ ۳‫ضددر‬۴‫ ے‬PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ܘ‬Ǭ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƽƝ ƎǩƝƺƽͭƧǬƎǩƧ ƺƧǍƣ Ɯʹ ǳƺƧ BǶǬƎǬƺƽǓǙ ǩǳ eǓƽͭƧǩǬƽǳʹ BǶǬƧǶǒ ߋ =ƽƜǩƎǩʹ‫ ے‬UǩƽǓǳǬ ǙƳ ƺƽǬ ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ ƎǩƧ ƎǍǬǙ ƺƧǍƣ ƽǓ ǳƺƧƽǓǬǳƽǳǶǳƽǙǓƎǍ ƝǙǍǍƧƝǳƽǙǓǬ ǬǶƝƺ ƎǬ ǳƺƧ CƎǳƽǙǓƎǍ BǶǬƧǶǒ ǙƳ BǙƣƧǩǓ ǩǳ‫ ۓ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ ە‬ǳƺƧ bƎǳƧ BǙƣƧǩǓ‫= ۓ‬ǙǓƣǙǓ‫ ە‬ǳƺƧBǶǬƧǶǒ ǙƳ BǙƣƧǩǓ ǩǳ‫[ ۓ‬ƎǓ $ǩƎǓƝƽǬƝǙ‫ ە‬ƎǓƣ B‫ ۓݝ‬,ǙǓƴ <ǙǓƴ‫ ے‬,Ƨ ǩƧƝƧƽͭƧƣ bƺƧ UƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƽƝ [ǙƝƽƧǳʹ ǙƳ :ƎǦƎǓƽǬǳƽǓƴǶƽǬƺƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǙǓǳǩƽƜǶǳƽǙǓǬ‫ͮܪ‬Ǝǩƣ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ےصظظذܪ‬<ƽʹǙǈƽ‫ܪ‬PǳǬǶǈƽ
H:b%ƧǍƎǳƽǓ‫[ܪ‬ƽǍͭƧǩ‫ܪ‬UǩƽǓǳ
CƧƴƎǳƽͭƧ‫ܪ‬ƣƎǳƧ‫ܪ‬ƝƽǩƝƎ‫دشظذܪ‬UǩƽǓǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƝƽǩƝƎ‫ܪضطظذܪ‬Ɯʹ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƎǩǳƽǬǳ
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ǦƎƽǓǳƧǩǬ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǦǙƧǳǬ‫ܪ‬ƝƧǓǳǩƎǍ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬ƜǩƽǓƴƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ƜƎƝǋ‫ܪ‬ǬǶǩǩƧƎǍƽǬǳ‫ܪ‬ƽƣƧƎǬ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƎǳ‫ܪ‬ƺƎƣ‫ܪ‬ƜƧƧǓ‫ܪ‬ƝƧǓǬǙǩƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƝǩƽǒƽǓƎǍƽ͹Ƨƣ‫ܪ‬ƣǶǩƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧͮƎǩ‫ܪے‬PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ܪ‬ƺƎƣ‫ܪ‬ƧͳǦƧǩƽƧǓƝƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ͮܪ‬Ǝǩ‫ܪ‬ƺƽǒǬƧǍƳ‫ܪە‬ƺƽǬ‫ܪ‬ǬǳǶƣƽƧǬ‫ܪ‬Ǝǳ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ܪ‬UǩǙƳƧǬǬƽǙǓƎǍ‫[ܪ‬ƝƺǙǙǍ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬UƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ‫ͮܪ‬ƧǩƧƽǓǳƧǩǩǶǦǳƧƣ‫ͮܪ‬ƺƧǓ‫ܪ‬ƺƧ‫ͮܪ‬ƎǬ‫ܪ‬ƣǩƎƳǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƽǓǳǙ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬Ǝǩǒʹ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǳǩƎƽǓƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƎǬ‫ܪ‬ƎǓ‫ܪ‬ƎƽǩƝǩƎƳǳ‫ܪ‬ǒƧƝƺƎǓƽƝ‫ܪے‬/ǓΟǶƧǓƝƧƣ‫ܪ‬Ɯʹ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƴǶƽƣƎǓƝƧ
ǙƳ‫[ܪܪ‬ƺǾ͹ǡ‫ܪ‬bƎǋƽƴǶƝƺƽ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƳƧǍǍǙͮ‫ܪ‬ƽǈǶǳǬǶ‫ܪ‬ǶǓǋƎ‫ܪ‬ǒƧǒƜƧǩ‫ܪ‬CǙƜǶʹƎ‫ܪ‬ƜƧ‫ܪۓ‬PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ܪ‬ƧͳǦǍǙǩƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǬǶǩǩƧƎǍƽǬǳ‫ܪ‬ǓǙǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǙƳǕƘǄƣǯ‫ښ‬Ɵ‫ڈ‬Ɗǥǯ ƽǓ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǦǙǬǳͮƎǩ‫ܪ‬ǦƧǩƽǙƣ‫ͮܪۓ‬ƽǳƺ‫ܪ‬ƎǓ‫ܪ‬Ǝƽǒ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ ƣƧƳƎǒƽǍƽƎǩƽ͹Ƨ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƎƝǳƽͭƎǳƧ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǩƧͭƧǩƜƧǩƎǓǳ‫ܪ‬ǦǙƧǳǩʹ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǙƜǈƧƝǳǬ‫ܪ‬ƽǓͮƎʹǬ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƎǳ‫ܪ‬ǒƽƴƺǳ‫ܪ‬ƝǙǓƳǩǙǓǳ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ͭܪ‬ƽƧͮƧǩǬ‫ܪܘ‬ǬǶƜƝǙǓǬƝƽǙǶǬ‫ے‬H:b ۳ǦǩƽǓǳƧƣ Ɯʹ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƎǩǳƽǬǳ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ضطظذܪ‬۴‫ͮܪ‬ƎǬ‫ܪ‬ǦƎǩǳ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ Ǝ‫ܪ‬ǬƧǩƽƧǬ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ‫ܪ‬PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ܪ‬ǬƺǙǳ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬ƜƧ‫ܘ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬ǬǳǶƣƽǙ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ۓدشظذܪ‬ƧͳǦǍǙǩƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǦǩǙǒƽǓƧǓƝƧ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǓǶƣƧ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫دشظذܪ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺʹ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ͮܪ‬ƺƽƝƺ‫ܪ‬ƳƧǒƎǍƧ‫ܪ‬ǩƧǦǩƧǬƧǓǳƎǳƽǙǓ‫ͮܪ‬ƎǬ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ͭܪ‬ƧƺƽƝǍƧ‫ܪ‬ƳǙǩͭƽǬǶƎǍƽ͹ƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ǒǙƣƧǩǓƽǳʹ‫ܪے‬bƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺǬ‫ܪ‬ƳǩǙǒ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƽǬ‫ܪ‬ǬƧǩƽƧǬ‫ܪ‬ƣƧǦƽƝǳ‫ܪ‬ƳƧǒƎǍƧ‫ܪ‬ǒǙƣƧǍǬ‫ܪۓ‬ƽǓƝǍǶƣƽǓƴ‫ܪܪ‬:ƽǋǋƧǓ‫<ܪ‬ǡƜǡ۳ͳǦƧǩƽǒƧǓǳƎǍ‫ܪ‬sǙǩǋǬƺǙǦ۴‫ܪ‬ǒƧǒƜƧǩ‫ܪ‬,ƽƣƧǋǙ‫ܪ‬$ǶǋǶǬƺƽǒƎ‫ܪۓ‬ǦǙǬƧƣ‫ܪ‬Ɯʹ‫ܪ‬PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬ƜƧ‫ܘ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬ǬǳǶƣƽǙ‫ͮܪ‬ƽǳƺƽǓ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ƴƧǙǒƧǳǩƽƝ
ǓƧǳͮǙǩǋ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǬǳǩƽǓƴǬ‫[ܪے‬ǙǒƧ‫ܪ‬ƺƽǬǳǙǩƽƎǓǬ‫ܪ‬ƺƎͭƧ‫ܪ‬ƎǬǬƧǩǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƎǳ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǬƧǩƽƧǬ‫ܪ‬ƽǬ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ƣƽǩƧƝǳ‫ܪ‬ǩƧǬǦǙǓǬƧ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǬƧͳǶƎǍ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǬǦƽǩƽǳǶƎǍ
‫ܕ‬ǍƽƜƧǩƎǳƽǙǓ‫ܪܖ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫دشظذܪ‬Ǭ‫ܪۓ‬ƎǩƴǶƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƎǳ‫ܪ‬PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ܘ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬ǬǶǬǦƧǓǬƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǓǶƣƧ‫ܪ‬ƳƧǒƎǍƧ‫ܪ‬ƜǙƣʹ‫ܪ‬ƎǒǙǓƴǬǳ‫ܪ‬ǬǳǩƽǓƴǬ‫ܪ‬ǍƽǋƧ‫ܪ‬ƎǦǶǦǦƧǳ‫ܪ‬Ǚǩ‫ܪ‬ƣǙǍǍ‫ܪ‬ƽǬ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ǒƧǳƎǦƺǙǩ‫ܪ‬ƳǙǩ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǦƎǩƎƣǙͳƽƝƎǍ‫ܪ‬ǦǙǬƽǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬:ƎǦƎǓƧǬƧ ǇǕǇǲǯƊƹ‫ܪۓ‬Ǚǩ‫ܪ‬ǓƎǳƽǙǓƎǍ‫ܪ‬ƜǙƣʹ‫ܪۓ‬ƽǓ‫܋دشظذ‬ƜǙǳƺ‫ܪ‬ǍƽƜƧǩƎǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǩƧǬǳǩƽƝǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǶǓƣƧǩ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬e[‫ܪ‬ǙƝƝǶǦƎǳƽǙǓ‫ܪے‬PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ܪ‬ǬƧƧǒǬ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ‫ܪ‬ƽǓͭƧǬǳƽƴƎǳƧ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǙƜǈƧƝǳƽΞƝƎǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǙƳǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǓǶƣƧ‫ܪ‬Ɯʹ‫ܪ‬ƣƧǍƽƜƧǩƎǳƧǍʹ‫ܪ‬ƺƽƣƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǒǙƣƧǍ‫ܘ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬ƳƎƝƧ‫ܪ‬ƜƧƺƽǓƣ‫ܪ‬Ǝ‫ܪ‬ƝǍǙǳƺ‫ܪۓ‬ƎǬ‫ܪ‬ƝƎǓ‫ܪ‬ƜƧ‫ܪ‬ǙƜǬƧǩͭƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ H:b‫܋‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬ƝǙǓǳǩƎǬǳ ǳǙƎǓǙǳƺƧǩ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙ‫ܪ‬ƳǩǙǒ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǬƧǩƽƧǬ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ͮܪ‬ƺƽƝƺ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǒǙƣƧǍ‫ܘ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬ǓǶƣƧ‫ܪ‬ƳǙǩǒ‫ܪ‬ƽǬ‫ܪ‬ǦǙǬƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǓƧͳǳ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƧǒǦǙͮƧǩƧƣ‫ܪ‬ƴƎ͹Ƨ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƳǶǍǍʹƝǍǙǳƺƧƣ‫ܪܪ‬,ƽƣƧǋǙ‫ܪ‬$ǶǋǶǬƺƽǒƎ‫ ے‬PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ܪ‬ƝǙǓǳƽǓǶƧƣ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ‫ܪ‬ƧͳǦǍǙǩƧ ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǦǩƧǬƧǓƝƧ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ǙƜǈƧƝǳǬ‫ܪ‬ƳǙǩ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǩƧǬǳ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬ƺƽǬ‫ܪ‬ƝƎǩƧƧǩ‫ܪۓ‬ƜǶǳǳƺƽǬ‫ܪ‬ǬƧǩƽƧǬ‫ܪ‬ƽǬ‫ܪ‬ǶǓƽǨǶƧ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƎǳ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǦƺǙǳǙƴǩƎǦƺƧǩ‫ܘ‬Ǭ‫ܪ‬ƺƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ƽǬ‫ܪ‬ǒƎƣƧ‫ܪ‬ǦƎǩǳƽƝǶǍƎǩǍʹ‫ܪ‬ǙƜͭƽǙǶǬ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǦǩǙͭǙƝƎǳƽͭƧ‫ܪ‬ǬǳƎƴƽǓƴ‫ܪ‬ǙƳǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƝǙǒǦǙǬƽǳƽǙǓ‫ے‬bƺƽǬ‫ܪ‬ǩƎǩƧ‫ܪ‬ǦǩƽǓǳ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ H:b ͮƎǬ‫ܪ‬ǦǩƽǓǳƧƣ‫ܪ‬Ɯʹ‫ܪ‬PǳǬǶǈƽ‫ܪ‬ƺƽǒǬƧǍƳ ƳǙǩ‫ܪ‬ƺƽǬ‫ܪ‬ǩƧǳǩǙǬǦƧƝǳƽͭƧ‫ܪ‬ƧͳƺƽƜƽǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪضطظذܪ‬Ǝǳ‫ܪ‬bǙǋʹǙ‫ܪ‬%ƎǍǍƧǩʹ‫ے‬/ǳ‫ܪ‬ƽǬ‫ܪ‬ǙǓƧ‫ܪ‬ǙƳ‫ܪ‬Ƨƽƴƺǳ‫ܪ‬ǳǙǳƎǍ‫ܪ‬ǩƧƝǙƴǓƽ͹Ƨƣ‫ܪ‬ǦǩƽǓǳǬ‫ܪە‬ǙǓƧ‫ܪ‬ƽǬ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǙǬǳǙǓ‫ܪ‬BǶǬƧǶǒ‫ܪ‬ƎǓƣ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ǙǳƺƧǩǬ‫ܪ‬ƜƧǍǙǓƴ‫ܪ‬ǳǙ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƝǙǍǍƧƝǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ǙƳBǶǬƎǬƺƽǓǙ‫ܪ‬ǩǳ‫ܪ‬eǓƽͭƧǩǬƽǳʹ‫ے‬<ƽʹǙǈƽ‫ܪ‬PǳǬǶǈƽ
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CƧƴƎǳƽͭƧ‫ܪ‬ƣƎǳƧ‫ܪ‬ƝƽǩƝƎ‫زشظذܪ‬UǩƽǓǳƧƣ‫ܪزشظذܪ‬Ɯʹ‫ܪ‬ǳƺƧ‫ܪ‬ƎǩǳƽǬǳ
[ǳƽǍǍ ƳǩǙǒ ƎǶǳǙǒƎǳƽƝ ǬǍƽƣƧ ǦǩǙǈƧƝǳƽǙǓ ‫ܢ‬$ǙƎǒ ƽǬ ǩƧƎǳƧƣ‫ ܖ‬Ɯʹ ,ƽƣƧǋǙ ƎǓƣ ƺƧǩ ƜǩǙǳƺƧǩ‫< ۓ‬Ǝ͹ǶǙ $ǶǋǶǬƺƽǒƎ‫ ۓ‬Ǝǳ ǳƺƧ‫ش‬ǳƺ‫ܪ‬:ƽǋǋƧǓ‫<ܪ‬ǡƜǡ‫ܪ‬۳ͳǦƧǩƽǒƧǓǳƎǍ‫ܪ‬sǙǩǋǬƺǙǦ۴‫ܪ‬UǩƧǬƧǓǳƎǳƽǙǓ‫ܪ‬ƽǓ‫زشظذܪ‬/ǒƎƴƧ‫ܪߋܪ‬UƎǦƧǩ‫ܪ‬Ǭƽ͹Ƨ‫ܪ‬ƎǦǦǩǙͳ‫ܪڮܪدذܪͳܪګܪرذܪے‬ƽǓƝƺƧǬ
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ņWVXMLEHFDPHLQYROYHGZLWKPHPEHUVRIWKHFURVV-disciplinary avant-JDUGHDUWFROOHFWLYH-LNNHQ.ŇEŇ
(Experimental Workshop) following his photographic collaborations with founding member Hideko)XNXVKLPDLQDQGKLVGHHSLQWHUHVWLQWKHZRUNVRIWKHLUPHQWRU7DNLJXFKL6Kş]Ň,QņWVXMLFROODERUDWHGGLUHFWO\ZLWK-LNNHQ.ŇEŇPHPEHUV6KŇ]Ň.LWDGai and Katsuhiro Yamaguchi on a project for
the weekly graphic magazine Asahi Picture News (a serialized section of Asahi Graph), with their photos being
featured in 71 issues of the magazine between 1953-1954.
The photographic collaboration with KitadaLDQG<DPDJXFKLOHGWRņWVXML·VLQYROYHPHQWZLWK-LNNHQ.ŇEŇ·V
FRQFXUUHQW´DXWRVOLGHµSURMHFWDWWKHWK([SHULPHQWDO:RUNVKRS3UHVHQWDWLRQ at Daiichi Seimei Hall inDQHQGHDYRUVSRQVRUHGE\7RN\R7VşVKLQ.ŇJ\ŇWKHSUHGHFHVVRURI6RQ\-LNNHQ.ŇEŇ·V goal was toutilize the newly developed autoslide device, an automated combination tape recorder and slide projector, to
V\QFKURQL]HVRXQGDQGVOLGHVIRUWKHILUVWWLPHLQWKHILHOGRIDUWņWVXMLFRQWULEXWHGSKRWRJUDSKVRIWKHJURXS·VDXWRVOLGHSURMHFWLRns for the 5th Experimental Workshop Presentation, an event which is historically
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experimentation, art, audio, and theatre.
Foam is Created (Minawa wa tsukurareru, negative date 1953), is a rare vintage print ofcomposition of 66
autoslide projection (6:18-minute) of the same name exhibited at the 5th Experimental Workshop by Hideko
Fukushima and her younger brother Kazuo, who composed the music that synchURQL]HGZLWK+LGHNR·VYLVXDOFRPSRVLWLRQ7KHRULJLQDOVOLGHVDQGWDSHZHUHORVWDORQJZLWK-LNNHQ.ŇEŇ·VRWKHUDXWRVOLGHZRUNVPDNLQJ
this print a rare and insightful window into the elusive content of the 1953 multimedia event. As the original
work was lost, not much is known about the multimedia KDS\ŇNDL (happening), but it is speculated that the
Fukushima siblings aimed to cross genres by fusing art, music, and technology for their multifaceted piece³
adding an organic element by using light and a foam/bubble machine of some kind to create a BauhausLQVSLUHGIXWXULVWLFDUUDQJHPHQWņWVXMLFRQWLQXHGWRSKRWRJUDSK-LNNHQ.ŇEŇ·VHYHQWVDQGUHKHDUVDOVXQWLO
they dispersed in 1957.

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