Please refer to the definition file.

178

179

1. Violence will not solve anything.
2. Tension builds up when two people strongly disagree with each other’s
opinion.
3. I pity the sick.
4. He takes pride in his success.
5. I think she feels a lot of anger toward her father.
6. This kind of food is a threat to my health.

180

7. He worked the girl up when he asked her out.
8. You need to back away when someone starts getting aggressive.
9. It is healthy to let yourself go sometimes.
10. My work is always on my mind.
11. The man shouting on the street is out of his mind.
12. Steer clear of negative people.

181

1. Please back away when you see a violent man. Change: men. --- [Please backaway when you see violent men.]
2. Street violence is a big problem in some cities. Change: was. --- [Street
violence was a big problem in some cities.]
3. Learn to let yourself go to live healthier. Change: happier. --- [Learn to let
yourself go to live happier.]
4. Put problems out of your mind when you sleep. Change: worries. --- [Putworries out of your mind when you sleep.]
5. My mum told me to steer clear of Danny. Change: dad. --- [My dad told me tosteer clear of Danny.]
6. She works me up so I don’t hang out with her anymore. Change: go out. --[She works me up so I don’t go out with her anymore.]
7. We backed away from the old bridge. Change: they. --- [They backed awayfrom the old bridge.]
8. Andy danced a lot and let herself go at the party. Change: sang. --- [Andysang a lot and let herself go at the party.]182

1. I have lots of homework.
2. I have lots of homework on my mind.
3. I have lots of homework and projects on my mind.
4. I have lots of homework and projects on my mind; I can’t think.
5. I have lots of homework and projects on my mind; I can’t think properly.

1831. Emily has anger towards her brother.
2. Emily had pride in her brother.
3. Trish had pity for her brother.
4. Trish had a threat from her brother.
5. Trish received a threat from her ex-boyfriend.
6. She received a threat from her boyfriend.
7. He got a threat from his girlfriend.

184

1. Too much pride destroys one’s self.
2. Too much anger destroys one’s self.
3. Too much anger destroys yourself.
4. Too much tension destroys yourself.
5. Too much pity destroys yourself.
6. Too much pity can destroy yourself.

185

[1. Anger is sometimes helpful to someone.][2. It is important for you to take pride in what you have achieved.][3. Threats frequently result in violence and tension.][4. Some people do not respond well to pity.]186

[5. We have to remind her to let herself go on the weekend.][6. Closed-minded people really work him up.]
[7. They backed away when the man wielded a knife.][8. You are out of your mind if you think that price is reasonable.]187

1. You have to relax. Repeat.
2. Add: when there’s a problem. --- [You have to relax when there’s a problem.]
3. Add: on your mind. --- [You have to relax when there’s a problem on yourmind.]
4. Add: that is always. --- [You have to relax when there’s a problem that isalways on your mind.]
5. Add: to solve it. --- [You have to relax when there’s a problem that is always
on your mind to solve it.]

188

189

Please refer to the definition file.

190

191

1. The internet is a place where some weird trends arise.
2. Pots bang on the wall.
3. The umbrella is hooked on the edge of the table.
4. Water flows out to the ocean.
5. This street floods when it rains.
6. Babies suck their mother’s breast for milk.

192

7. The deer used to be hunted.
8. We are staying in this office for good.
9. My friends and I are planning to get together.
10. She doesn’t shut up and just goes on and on.
11. The meeting dragged on for hours.

193

1. We got together.
2. We got together for a project.
3. We got together for a project last night.
4. We got together for a project last night and the meeting dragged on.
5. We got together for a project last night and the meeting dragged on until
dawn.

194

1. People flow into the streets from the station. Repeat.
2. People flow into the streets from the station. Change: smoke. --- [Smoke
flows into the streets from the station.]
3. Smoke flows into the streets from the station. Change: rises. --- [Smoke rises
into the streets from the station.]
4. Smoke rises into the streets from the station. Change: fire. --- [Fire rises into
the streets from the station.]
5. Fire rises into the streets from the station. Change: buildings. --- [Fire rises
into the streets from the buildings.]
6. Fire rises into the streets from the buildings. Change: smog. --- [Smog rises
into the streets from the buildings.]

195

1. Danny went on and on about a game. Repeat.
2. Change: Alice. --- [Alice went on and on about a game.]
3. Change: website. --- [Alice went on and on about a website.]
4. Change: goes. --- [Alice goes on and on about a website.]
5. Change: guy. --- [Alice goes on and on about a guy.]
6. Change: she. --- [She goes on and on about a guy.]
7. Change: some. --- [She goes on and on about some guys.]
8. Change: shop. --- [She goes on and on about some shops.]

196

1. What floods the market during the weekend? How often do you go to themarket? What do you usually buy? Is seafood always fresh in the market you
go to?
2. How often do you get together with your friends? What kind of place do you
usually go to? What do you usually eat? Where did you go last time?
3. What may arise if you and another person do not agree? Have you had anyarguments with your co-workers? How can you avoid arguments?

197

1. Are lions hunted in your country?
2. Does a river flow through your city?
3. Are you going to live in that country for good?
4. Do you know anyone who goes on and on when talking?
5. What meeting have you been to that dragged on?
6. What hooks on a coat hanger?
7. Do doors bang when it is windy?
8. What do we use a vacuum cleaner for?

198

1. It floods in our place so we will move.
2. It floods in our city so we will move.
3. It floods in our village so we will move.
4. It floods in our village but we will move.
5. It floods in our village but we will not move.
6. It flooded in our village but we will not move.
7. It flooded in their village but they will not move.
8. It will flood in their village but they will not move.

199

1. Some animals are hunted for their meat.
2. Some animals were hunted for their horns.
3. Some mammals were hunted for their horns.
4. Some mammals were hunted for their skin.
5. Some mammals are still hunted for their skin.
6. Many mammals are still hunted for their skin.
7. Many mammals are still hunted for their fur.

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

1. beloved
2. democracy
3. capacity
4. disabled
5. garage207

1. He would swim every day when he was in Spain.
2. They would swim every day when they were in Spain.
3. They would bike every weekend when they were in Spain.
4. We would bike every weekend when we were in Spain.
5. We would talk every other day when we were in Spain.
6. We would go dancing every other day when we were in Cuba.
7. We would go clubbing every other day when we were in America.

208

1. I have lots of homework.
2. I have lots of homework on my mind.
3. I have lots of homework and projects on my mind.
4. I have lots of homework and projects on my mind; I can’t think.
5. I have lots of homework and projects on my mind; I can’t think properly.

209

1. People flow into the streets from the station. Repeat.
2. People flow into the streets from the station. Change: smoke. --- [Smoke
flows into the streets from the station.]
3. Smoke flows into the streets from the station. Change: rises. --- [Smoke rises
into the streets from the station.]
4. Smoke rises into the streets from the station. Change: fire. --- [Fire rises into
the streets from the station.]
5. Fire rises into the streets from the station. Change: buildings. --- [Fire rises
into the streets from the buildings.]
6. Fire rises into the streets from the buildings. Change: smog. --- [Smog rises
into the streets from the buildings.]210

1. Last year, Shaun would make drinks for everyone. Repeat.
2. Last year, Shaun would make drinks for everyone. Change: food. --- [Lastyear, Shaun would make food for everyone.]
3. Last year, Shaun would make food for everyone. Add: at the center. --- [Lastyear, Shaun would make food for everyone at the center.]
4. Last year, Shaun would make food for everyone at the center. Change: month.
--- [Last month, Shaun would make food for everyone at the center.]
5. Last month, Shaun would make food for everyone at the center. Change:
Susan. --- [Last month, Susan would make food for everyone at the center.]
6. Last month, Susan would make food for everyone at the center. Transform:
where. --- [Where would Susan make food for everyone last month?]
7. Where would Susan make food for everyone last month? Transform: past
simple. --- [Where did Susan make food for everyone last month?]
8. Where did Susan make food for everyone last month? Change: soup. --[Where did Susan make soup for everyone last month?]211

1. Emily has anger towards her brother.
2. Emily had pride in her brother.
3. Trish had pity for her brother.
4. Trish had a threat from her brother.
5. Trish received a threat from her ex-boyfriend.
6. She received a threat from her boyfriend.
7. He got a threat from his girlfriend.

212

1. Danny went on and on about a game. Repeat.
2. Change: Alice. --- [Alice went on and on about a game.]
3. Change: website. --- [Alice went on and on about a website.]
4. Change: goes. --- [Alice goes on and on about a website.]
5. Change: guy. --- [Alice goes on and on about a guy.]
6. Change: she. --- [She goes on and on about a guy.]
7. Change: some. --- [She goes on and on about some guys.]
8. Change: shop. --- [She goes on and on about some shops.]

213

1. You have to relax. Repeat.
2. Add: when there’s a problem. --- [You have to relax when there’s a problem.]
3. Add: on your mind. --- [You have to relax when there’s a problem on yourmind.]
4. Add: that is always. --- [You have to relax when there’s a problem that isalways on your mind.]
5. Add: to solve it. --- [You have to relax when there’s a problem that is always
on your mind to solve it.]214

1. Some animals are hunted for their meat.
2. Some animals were hunted for their horns.
3. Some mammals were hunted for their horns.
4. Some mammals were hunted for their skin.
5. Some mammals are still hunted for their skin.
6. Many mammals are still hunted for their skin.
7. Many mammals are still hunted for their fur.

215

1. screw
2. blocked
3. bombed
4. aspect
5. welfare
6. obvious
7. nuisance
8. bulb
9. visible
10. cupboard216

[1. Adam would display all his toys when he was little.][2. A tree would be put up every Christmas in our living room before.][3. Who would give presents when we were little?][4. Jenny would wrap all gifts for Christmas.]217

[5. Gifts would be distributed to everyone until last year.][6. He would eat anything until he reached thirty.][7. Mum would put flowers on the table when she was still alive.][8. My brother would not cook when he lived with our mum.]218

1. The man shouting on the street is out of his mind. Write.
2. Steer clear of negative people. Write.
3. Last year, Shaun would make drinks for everyone. Change: food. --- [Lastyear, Shaun would make food for everyone.]
4. Learn to let yourself go to live healthier. Change: happier. --- [Learn to let
yourself go to live happier.]
5. You have to relax when there’s a problem. Add: on your mind. --- [You haveto relax when there’s a problem on your mind.]
6. Last month, Susan would make food for everyone at the center. Transform:
where. --- [Where would Susan make food for everyone last month?]
7. Danny went on and on about a game. Change: Alice. --- [Alice went on and on
about a game.]219

1. The first common use of a gerund is to act as the subject of the sentence.
Examples: Swimming is a very good exercise.
Running is not enjoyable for everyone.

2. Certain verbs are followed by gerunds in place of nouns.
Examples: He anticipates waiting for another hour.
She denied lying to her mother.

3. Since prepositions are always followed by nouns or noun phrases, thengerunds can also be used after prepositions.
Examples: I look forward to meeting you.
They will call us after seeing the presentation.

220

1. Biking is a popular hobby.
2. Annie began shaking as soon as she went outside.
3. She ate a cookie before going to school.
4. Sleeping is very relaxing and necessary for the brain.
5. He completed filling in the document.
6. I have to work hard before going on vacation.
7. Cleaning is one of my past times.
8. I hate segregating trash.
9. You have to pay the bill before leaving.
10. Changing clothes is so easy.

221

1. I don’t mind riding the train to work.
2. I don’t mind using the train to go to school.
3. I don’t mind using the car to go to France.
4. I mind using the boat to go to France.
5. I despise using the bike to go to France.
6. I despise using a bike in France.
7. He considered using a bike in France.

222

1. The center encourages helping each other. Repeat.
2. The center encourages helping each other. Change: group. --- [The groupencourages helping each other.]
3. The group encourages helping each other. Change: enjoys. --- [The groupenjoys helping each other.]
4. The group enjoys helping each other. Change: keeps. --- [The group keeps
helping each other.]
5. The group keeps helping each other. Change: family. --- [The family keeps
helping each other.]
6. The family keeps helping each other. Change: starts. --- [The family starts
helping each other.]
7. The family starts helping each other. Change: others. --- [The family starts
helping others.]
8. The family starts helping others. Change: stopped. --- [The family stopped
helping others.]

223

1. Teaching helps.
2. Teaching helps children.
3. Teaching helps young children.
4. Teaching helps young children learn.
5. Teaching helps young children learn to understand.
6. Teaching helps young children learn to understand life.

224

1. We are really bad at calculating money.
2. We are really bad at saving money.
3. We are really good at saving money.
4. We are really good at getting money.
5. We are really good at losing money.
6. They are really good at losing money.
7. They are really good at spending money.
8. They are really experts at spending money.

225

1. What do you prefer to do on a weekend?
2. What habit did you stop this year?
3. What do you remember eating as a child?
4. What did you begin doing lately?
5. What can’t you help noticing when you commute to work?
6. Where do you consider moving to when you retire?
7. Why do some people dislike drinking beer?
8. Do you dislike eating spicy food? Why or why not?

226

1. Is frying food not healthy? --- [Yes, frying food is not healthy.]
2. Does dreaming mean you are sleeping deeply? --- [Yes, dreaming means
you’re sleeping deeply.]
3. Is looking at the computer for too long unhealthy? --- [Yes, looking at thecomputer for too long is unhealthy.]
4. Is learning English fun? --- [Yes, learning English is fun.]
5. Is studying sometimes tiring? --- [Yes, studying is sometimes tiring.]
6. Can driving a car be tiring? --- [Yes, driving a car can be tiring.]
7. Can resting help cure a cold? --- [Yes, resting can help cure a cold.]
8. Does walking by the beach help you relax? --- [Yes, walking by the beachhelps you relax.]

227

228

Please refer to the definition file.

229

230

1. A country’s unity is very important to maintain its peace.
2. His painting is incredible.
3. The man on TV is saying a lot of nonsensical information.
4. The room is boiling in summer.
5. It is incredibly difficult to get into that school.
6. Even if I don’t like him, I’m still acting civil.

231

7. She lost her job, unfortunately.
8. The woman broke down after her husband’s funeral.
9. You have to calm down to be able to talk properly.
10. Even though she didn’t like their plan, Viola bit her tongue.
11. He likes to play with fire and make bad decisions.
12. Don’t ask about Dom’s love life, it’s a sore point.

232

1. We had to bite our tongues.
2. We had to bite our tongues this morning.
3. We had to bite our tongues this morning in the meeting.
4. We had to bite our tongues this morning in the meeting when Joe was talking.
5. We had to bite our tongues this morning in the meeting when Joe was talking
nonsense.

233

1. It was incredible. Repeat.
2. It was incredible. Add: to watch their play. --- [It was incredible to watch theirplay.]
3. It was incredible to watch their play. Add: in the theater. --- [It was incredible
to watch their play in the theater.]
4. It was incredible to watch their play in the theater. Add: and Tina broke down.
--- [It was incredible to watch their play in the theater and Tina broke down.]
5. It was incredible to watch their play in the theater and Tina broke down. Add:at the end. --- [It was incredible to watch their play in the theater and Tina broke
down at the end.]234

1. Tim and I had an incredible talk.
2. Tim and I had a civil talk.
3. Tim and I had a civil meeting.
4. Tim and I had a nonsense meeting.
5. Tim and I had an interesting meeting.
6. Tim and I will have an interesting meeting.
7. Tim and I will have an interesting project.
8. Tim and I shall have an interesting project.

235

1. I don’t want to go to the beach since it is boiling. Repeat.
2. I don’t want to go to the beach since it is boiling. Transform: who. --- [Whodoesn’t want to go to the beach since it is boiling?]
3. It was incredibly amusing to watch the ballet. Repeat.
4. It was incredibly amusing to watch the ballet. Transform: what. --- [What wasincredibly amusing to watch?]
5. He was unfortunately accused of a serious crime. Repeat.
6. He was unfortunately accused of a serious crime. Transform: what. --- [Whatwas he unfortunately accused of?]
7. You need to calm down before your report tomorrow. Repeat.
8. You need to calm down before your report tomorrow. Transform: when. --[When is his report?]236

9. Let’s not discuss what happened in France since it is a sore point. Repeat.
10. Let’s not discuss what happened in France since it is a sore point.
Transform: why. --- [Why should we not discuss what happened in France?]
11. It was boiling hot in Spain last month. Repeat.
12. It was boiling hot in Spain last month. Transform: where. --- [Where was it
boiling hot last month?]
13. Andrea wants to be civil when she sees her ex-husband. Repeat.
14. Andrea wants to be civil when she sees her ex-husband. Transform: who. --[Who wants to be civil when she sees her ex-husband?]15. There is peace when there is unity. Repeat.
16. There is peace when there is unity. Transform: what. --- [What is there when
there is unity?]

237

238

1. Janet broke down after talking to her father.
2. Janet calmed down after talking to her mother.
3. She calmed down after talking to her sister.
4. He relaxed after talking to his sister.
5. They relaxed after calling their sister.
6. They broke down before calling their sister.

239

[1. The movie we watched was incredibly dramatic.][2. He unfortunately got the worst work shift this week.][3. You have to bite your tongue sometimes to avoid conflict.][4. There should be unity among the leaders of the world.]240

[5. Ivan has to stop playing with fire and find a decent job.][6. After his resignation, work has become a sore point to him.][7. The shop is boiling when they are baking.][8. There are a lot of nonsense products in the store.]241

1. Why do people break down? -- [People break down because ….]
2. Why do people act civil to others they don’t like? --- [People act civil to others
they don’t like because ….]
3. Why do you think unity is important at school? --- [I think unity is important at
school because ….]
4. Why do we do nonsensical things? --- [We do nonsense things because ….]
5. Why is the Eiffel Tower incredible? --- [Eiffel Tower is incredible because ….]
6. Why do people bite their tongues and not say anything? --- [People bite their
tongues and not say anything because ….]
7. Why do some people like playing with fire? --- [Some people like playing withfire because ….]242

[1. The prisoner and murderer were confined in the cell in the morning today. ⤵][2. Democracy was approved last week after the joint presidential meeting. ⤵][3. He was up to something while they were looking for academic articles. ⤵]243[4. The city center features commercial stalls for vendors during
the Christmas season. ⤵][5. Tension builds up when two people strongly disagree with each other’s opinion. ⤵][6. You have to relax when there’s a problem that’s always on your mind. ⤵]

244

245

246

247

248

249

250

1. The center encourages helping each other. Repeat.
2. The center encourages helping each other. Change: group. --- [The groupencourages helping each other.]
3. The group encourages helping each other. Change: enjoys. --- [The groupenjoys helping each other.]
4. The group enjoys helping each other. Change: keeps. --- [The group keeps
helping each other.]
5. The group keeps helping each other. Change: family. --- [The family keeps
helping each other.]
6. The family keeps helping each other. Change: starts. --- [The family starts
helping each other.]
7. The family starts helping each other. Change: others. --- [The family starts
helping others.]
8. The family starts helping others. Change: stopped. --- [The family stopped
helping others.]251

1. We had to bite our tongues.
2. We had to bite our tongues this morning.
3. We had to bite our tongues this morning in the meeting.
4. We had to bite our tongues this morning in the meeting when Joe was talking.
5. We had to bite our tongues this morning in the meeting when Joe was talking
nonsense.

252

1. It was incredible. Repeat.
2. It was incredible. Add: to watch their play. --- [It was incredible to watch theirplay.]
3. It was incredible to watch their play. Add: in the theater. --- [It was incredible
to watch their play in the theater.]
4. It was incredible to watch their play in the theater. Add: and Tina broke down.
--- [It was incredible to watch their play in the theater and Tina broke down.]
5. It was incredible to watch their play in the theater and Tina broke down. Add:at the end. --- [It was incredible to watch their play in the theater and Tina broke
down at the end.]253

1. We are really bad at calculating money.
2. We are really bad at saving money.
3. We are really good at saving money.
4. We are really good at getting money.
5. We are really good at losing money.
6. They are really good at losing money.
7. They are really good at spending money.
8. They are really experts at spending money.

254

1. Is frying food not healthy? --- [Yes, frying food is not healthy.]
2. Does dreaming mean you are sleeping deeply? --- [Yes, dreaming means
you’re sleeping deeply.]
3. Is looking at the computer for too long unhealthy? --- [Yes, looking at thecomputer for too long is unhealthy.]
4. Is learning English fun? --- [Yes, learning English is fun.]
5. Is studying sometimes tiring? --- [Yes, studying is sometimes tiring.]
6. Can driving a car be tiring? --- [Yes, driving a car can be tiring.]
7. Can resting help cure a cold? --- [Yes, resting can help cure a cold.]
8. Does walking by the beach help you relax? --- [Yes, walking by the beachhelps you relax.]255

1. I don’t want to go to the beach since it is boiling. Repeat.
2. I don’t want to go to the beach since it is boiling. Transform: who. --- [Whodoesn’t want to go to the beach since it is boiling?]
3. It was incredibly amusing to watch the ballet. Repeat.
4. It was incredibly amusing to watch the ballet. Transform: what. --- [What wasincredibly amusing to watch?]
5. He was unfortunately accused of a serious crime. Repeat.
6. He was unfortunately accused of a serious crime. Transform: what. --- [Whatwas he unfortunately accused of?]
7. You need to calm down before your report tomorrow. Repeat.
8. You need to calm down before your report tomorrow. Transform: when. --[When is his report?]

2569. Let’s not discuss what happened in France since it is a sore point. Repeat.
10. Let’s not discuss what happened in France since it is a sore point.
Transform: why. --- [Why should we not discuss what happened in France?]
11. It was boiling hot in Spain last month. Repeat.
12. It was boiling hot in Spain last month. Transform: where. --- [Where was it
boiling hot last month?]
13. Andrea wants to be civil when she sees her ex-husband. Repeat.
14. Andrea wants to be civil when she sees her ex-husband. Transform: who. --[Who wants to be civil when she sees her ex-husband?]15. There is peace when there is unity. Repeat.
16. There is peace when there is unity. Transform: what. --- [What is there when
there is unity?]257

1. Janet broke down after talking to her father.
2. Janet calmed down after talking to her mother.
3. She calmed down after talking to her sister.
4. He relaxed after talking to his sister.
5. They relaxed after calling their sister.
6. They broke down before calling their sister.

258

1. Why do people break down? -- [People break down because ….]
2. Why do people act civil to others they don’t like? --- [People act civil to others
they don’t like because ….]
3. Why do you think unity is important at school? --- [I think unity is important at
school because ….]
4. Why do we do nonsensical things? --- [We do nonsense things because ….]
5. Why is the Eiffel Tower incredible? --- [Eiffel Tower is incredible because ….]
6. Why do people bite their tongues and not say anything? --- [People bite their
tongues and not say anything because ….]
7. Why do some people like playing with fire? --- [Some people like playing withfire because ….]259

[1. The prisoner and murderer were confirmed in the cell in the morning today. ⤵][2. Democracy was approved last week after the joint presidential meeting. ⤵][3. He was up to something while they were looking for academic articles. ⤵]260

⤵
[4. The city center features commercial stalls for vendors during
the Christmas season. ⤵][5. Tension builds up when two people strongly disagree with each other’s opinion. ⤵][6. You have to relax when there’s a problem that’s always on your mind. ⤵]

261

262

1. He likes to play with fire and make bad decisions.
2. He considered using a bike in France.
3. Teaching helps young children learn to understand life.
4. Don’t ask about Dom’s love life, it’s a sore point.
5. It was incredible to watch their play in the theater and Tina broke down.
6. Tim and I had an incredible talk.
7. They are really experts at spending money.
8. The group encourages helping each other.

263