28. Sep. 2022 The 15th AOGEO SymposiumSpecial session1 Biodiversity and Sustainable Society：
How EO contributes to integrating nature into economic activities

Linking biodiversity
observation
to social demand
Yayoi Takeuchi
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Biodiversity issues in Asia-Pacific Region
Threatened species
status assessment byexperts

Trends in threatened species status

WesternAsia
OceaniaSouthAsia

https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/17975/123809220

IUCN Ledlist category
1996 – Vulnerable (VU)

worsen(IPBES 2018)

Redlist index is decreasing =Number of threatened species is increasing
Main drivers: Landuse change

Bornean Orangutan

WholeSE Asia

worsening

improving

Declining species diversity

2008 –Endangered (EN)worsen2016 –Critically endangered (CR)Deforestation and its drivers

Landsat satellite
data analysis

Deforestation Drivers
Commodity
Forestry
Shifting
agriculture
Wildfire(original: Curtis et al. 2018)

Urbanization
https://news.mongabay.com/2018/09/whats-causing-deforestation-new-study-reveals-global-drivers/

Aichi Biodiversity targets 2011-2020& results
Target 5

Target 12

By 2020, the rate of lossof all natural habitats,including forests, is atleast halved and where
feasible brought close tozero, and degradationand fragmentation issignificantly reduced.

By 2020 the extinction ofknown threatened
species has been
prevented and theirconservation status,
particularly of those mostin decline, has been
improved and sustained.

Habitat loss: No change
Forest fragmentation:
Moving away

Threatened species: Nochange
Conservation status:
Moving away

A set of 20 targets -at the global level, none of the targets have been
fully achieved (GBO5, 2020)(CBD 2020)
For next step, to achieve the2050 Vision for Biodiversity
we need…
ü a significant shift away from‘business as usual’ü ‘transformative change‘ insectors such as Land andForests, Food Systems,
Climate Action, and so on.

For transformative change (≒TNFD),
what kind of “biodiversity data” will beneeded?
• Multiple dimensions of “biodiversity”• Number of species, threatened species• “Community” composition (species x abundance)• Genetic diversity• Ecosystem diversity• Ecosystem functions –e.g. Phenology, Biomass, Nutrients• Habitats for species• Ecological processes or interactions• Values in society• Ecosystem services• Nature’s contributions to society• Visualization

Biodiversity monitoring sites

Field
observation

Terrestrial

Freshwater
MarineEcosystems● Terrestrial (85)● Freshwater (11)● Marine (20)Observation data gaps ingeography, time series,
taxonomy, ecosystem types…

(Takeuchi et al. 2021)

Data standardization, data
accumulation

The Project on Development of Management Systems forMultiple Utilization of Biodiversity in the Tropical Rainforests
at the Protected Areas in Sarawak, Malaysia (YR2020-2025)
Target issues: Underestimated species diversity & Underused its information→Assessment of multiple dimensions of Biodiversity & Establishment ofplatforms for multipurpose of intellectual industries

Dr. Itioka
Kyoto Univ.
Ms.
PunggaForestDepartme
nt Sarawak

species diversity, genetic
diversity, phylogenetic
diversity for multipletaxaSarawak
A newly discovered

BorneoRafflesia(Diway et al. 2022)

Education, Tourism
Capacity building

54 cm diam.

Data platform

APBON’sDB

The project on sustainable forestry in Sarawak (YR2017-ongoing)
060km

Land use change influenced by global market demand

Commercial logging

Oil palm plantation(STIDC 2022)

VillageForestry
ProtectedAreaOthers16%

Oil palm

Landuse in Bintulu Division

othersSarawak’s timber export earning
by major destinations in 2021

Taiwan 5%

Japan
53%

MiddleEast 9%
Philippines
15 %

India
12 %

The project on sustainable forestry in Sarawak (YR2017-ongoing)
060km

Tree species diversity in fragmented forests
AreaA

No. ofTotal
No. ofNo. ofAveraged
commun area (ha) Individua
Species Shannon's H (SD)ity forest of plotslA842741551

3.90(0.46)

B

84.75

3138

531

3.79(0.31)

Total

168.755879

813

3.84(0.38)

The forests covered > 20% of threatened speciesoccurring in Sarawak(Takeuchi et al. 2017)
B

Conserve theregional
biodiversity

Ecosystem services from fragmented forests tolocal communities

Foods

Medicine

Secure theecosystemservices

RitualForest fragments
Water

FuelMaterials

Biodiversity observation for Next Decade
Combining with cutting-edge technologies for cost effective and real-timeobservation
Field
Local observation
Past

Automation
camera

Past records offlora and fauna

UAV
Past aerial
photosAir-borne
observation

Satellites
Large

https://gedi.umd.edu/

Current
Automatic observation & analysis

FutureEnvironmentalDNADNA barcoding
Modelling based approaches
Species distribution model
Process model

MODIS, ALOS, GEDI

ü Spatio-temporal multi-scaleobservation will be feasiblecombining with those technologies
ü Cost-effective method: solving
financial & human resources inlong-term monitoringBiodiversity observation for Next Decade• Biodiversity observation not only by researchers but also by
public domains• Promoting interdisciplinary research and problem-solving
approaches with filling the knowledge gaps
• Promoting the data accessibility, deliver our information andknowledge to global platforms such as CBD and IPBES and theeconomic section• Meet the targets of post-2020 Global Biodiversity framework(COP15 in Dec 2022)

A platform fordialogue among
biodiversity-relatedstakeholders
Modified from Takeuchi et al. (2021)

How does biodiversity observation
contribute to integrating nature into
economic activities?
First step: Find the common ground between themonitoring community and the economic section• Define the term “biodiversity”• Define the monitoring & reporting target• Recognize we can’t measure whole dimensions ofbiodiversity• Recognize we could have trade-offs between
biodiversity and social targets• But try to include “multiple” values of biodiversity for
multiple stakeholders – Inclusion through Nature-basedSolutions