JAXA Earth Observations
Addressing Water Issues

Special session 5,
15th Asia-Oceania Group on Earth Observations Symposium
Hybrid Event, September 30 2022

Riko OKI
Director,Earth Observation Research Center
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Water related disasters in Asia Pacific Region / Earth Observation Satellite
WHY Should We Strengthen
Science & Technology ?

Advantages ofEarth Observation Satellite

Disaster Impacts
1980-1999 vs. 2000-2019[UNDRR, 2020]

Reported disasters Total deaths Total affected Economic loss ($)

1980-1999

p Wide Coveragep Globally Consistentp Borderlessp Not affected by disasters

2000-2019
1Completed
MOS-1/MOS-1b
1987-1990/1995-1996

In Operation

To be Launched

GOSAT

JERS-1
1992-1998

MOE/JAXA/NIES

2009-

ALOS-32022GCOM-W
2012-

ADEOS 1996-1997
ADEOS-II 2002-2003

GPM/DPR
2014-

TRMM/PR
1997-2015

ALOS-2
2014-

ALOS
2006-2011

Aqua/AMSR-E
2002-2015

ALOS-42022-2023

EarthCARE
2023-2024

GCOM-C
2017GOSAT-2

MOE/JAXA/NIES

2018-

GOSAT-GW

MOE/JAXA/NIES

2023-2024

Assessing the disaster situation by “DAICHI-2” (ALOS-2) observation

Inundated area around the Kuma river (July 2020)

Photo by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportand Tourism, Kyusyu Regional Development Bureau

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Contribution to Disaster Risk Reduction & Water Resource Management:
Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP)
Typhoon Track

GSMaP ｃaptures the Typhoon Rai passage fromthe east of the Philippine Sea to the westward.

Variation of hourly rainfall

Accumulation of rainfall

Precipitation from December 13 to 20, 2021 based on GSMaP

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Short-term and Long-term GSMaP Applications for disaster prevention- Cyclone/Heavy rainfall monitoring as supplement to - Drought monitoring by JAXA Climate Rainfall Watch
https://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP_CLM/ground-based observations- GSMaP utilization trainings for Asia pacific regions- Contribution to the WMO’s Space-based Weatherand Climate Extremes Monitoring (SWCEM)
https://public.wmo.int/en/programmes/wmo-space-programme/swcem- Agro-met monitoring by JAxa's Satellite based MonItoring Network system for FAO AMIS Market Monitor(JASMIN)
https://suzaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/JASMIN/index.html- Rice Growth Outlook for ASEAN countries is provided monthly to contribute to food security

5Flood Prediction Realizedby Integration of GSMaP and Ground ObservationsGround observations

Satellite precipitation (GSMaP)
Partners

https://www.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/cpd/monitor/climatview/frame.php

Rainfall over the river basin
during flood in Pakistan

River discharge using GSMaPby Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS)◀ Discharge of main river in Indus– Largely increased (red)(Images provided by ICHARM)

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Global Terrestrial Hydrological Simulation System:
Today’s EarthDevelopment of Regional ver.
Forcing Data
Preparation：
Satellite obs. and JMA
reanalysis/forecast data

25km
→1kmValidation

Model Simulation：
Land Surface Model +River Routing Model
Data Provision：
Various hydrologicalparameters with risk
indices

River Dis.[m3/s]

GlobalAccuracy
Improvement

Ensemble Approach

2008

2014

100km

50/25km201520212019

10km development

Japan 1km

Typhoon Hagibis Forecast

Machine Learning
for Bias Correction

Super HighResolution
model (1km)

Yoshikane and Yoshimura., 2022

Ma et al., 2021

91.6% of the flooded locations are predicted!

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Future Earth Observation Missions in JAXA
2022-

2022-2023

2023-2024

2023-2024

FutureALOS-3

ALOS-4

EarthCAREGOSAT-GW

Precipitation
Measuring Mission(PMM)(JAXA Mission)

WaterCycle

ALOS-3(Optical)Cloud/Aerosol/
Radiation Budget

Disaster/
Mapping

GOSAT-GW

ALOS-4(Radar)

Disaster/
ForestPrecipitation/Convection

Greenhouse
gases(MOE Mission)8