In this lesson, we study one way of showing the relationship between two
events.
The two events are described by separate clauses, one of which contains a timeadverbial to show the relationship between the two events.
For example, here are two events:
Event 1: Mark cooked dinner.
Event 2: Susan came home.
The relationship between these two events can be described by linking themwith a time adverbial.
For example: Mark cooked dinner when Susan came home.
Mark cooked dinner before Susan came home.
Mark cooked dinner after Susan came home.
The tenses of the verbs sometimes change depending on the time adverbial
used.
For example: Mark was cooking dinner until Susan came home.
Mark was cooking dinner while Susan was coming home.
Mark was cooking dinner as Susan was coming home.
Sometimes, the time adverbial comes before both clauses:
While Mark was cooking dinner, Susan was coming home.
As Mark was cooking dinner, Susan was coming home.

177

1. I get nervous when my teacher asks me to answer in class.
2. I will call you when I get there.
3. Can you cook dinner before you take a bath?
4. He should not sleep until we’re home.
5. Tell your dad to go to the supermarket as soon as you get home.
6. After I play soccer, I will visit my friend.
7. As I was driving, I saw some students dancing in the street.

178

8. She is cleaning the table while cooking breakfast.
9. Since you were sleeping, I went out to buy coffee.
10. I will buy you a car when you pass the exam.
11. We studied until he arrived.
12. Before I leave for Japan, I want to talk to all the employees here.
13. As soon as I arrive in China, I will call you immediately.
14. After the show, we will have a party.
15. I feel happy whenever I hear that song.

179

1. We went home after the party.
2. They went home after the party.
3. They went out after the party.
4. They went out after the show.
5. They went in after the show.
6. They came in after the show.
7. They came in before the show.
8. They came in before the class.
9. She came in before the class.
10. She came in before the event.

180

1. Since you are still eating, I will watch a movie. Repeat.
2. Since you are still eating, I will watch a movie. Change: game. --- [Since you
are still eating, I will watch a game.]
3. Since you are still eating, I will watch a game. Change: while. --- [While you
are still eating, I will watch a game.]
4. While you are still eating, I will watch a game. Change: studying. --- [While
you are still studying, I will watch a game.]
5. While you are still studying, I will watch a game. Change: play. --- [While you
are still studying, I will play a game.]181

1. I always eat breakfast before I go to school. Repeat.
2. I always eat breakfast before I go to school. Change: work, bread. --- [I always
eat bread before I go to work.]
3. I always eat bread before I go to work. Change: sometimes, a sandwich. --- [Isometimes eat a sandwich before I go to work.]
4. I sometimes eat a sandwich before I go to work. Change: bring, when. --- [Isometimes bring a sandwich when I go to work.]
5. I sometimes bring a sandwich when I go to work. Change: want, exercise. --[I sometimes bring a sandwich when I want to exercise.]182

1. I was reading when he came.
2. I was reading a book when he came.
3. I was reading a book when he suddenly came.
4. I was reading a good book when he suddenly came.

183

1. We will wait until you are ready. Repeat.
2. We will wait until you are ready. Add: here. --- [We will wait here until you areready.]
3. We will wait here until you are ready. Add: totally. --- [We will wait here until
you are totally ready.]184

1. As soon as you meet John, will you tell him the news, please? Repeat.
2. As soon as you meet John, will you tell him the news, please? Transform:
what. --- [What will I tell John as soon as I meet him?]
3. Bring an umbrella when you go out. Repeat.
4. Bring an umbrella when you go out. Transform: what. --- [What will you bringwhen you go out?]
5. He will try playing soccer when he’s in England. Repeat.
6. He will try playing soccer when he’s in England. Transform: where. --- [Where
will he try playing soccer?]
7. Since mom is not home tonight, we will go out. Repeat.
8. Since mom is not home tonight, we will go out. Transform: when. --- [When ismom not home?]
9. Whenever John visits, he always brings food. Repeat.
10. Whenever John visits, he always brings food. Transform: who. --- [Whoalways brings food whenever he visits?]

185

[1. Tell your dad to go to the supermarket | as soon as you get home.][2. I always eat breakfast | before I go to school.][3. Whenever John visits, | he always brings food.][4. We have coped with all the problems | we have encountered in thecompany.][5. They should know the damage | to your expensive bag.]

186

187

Please refer to the definition file.

188

189

190

1. There were price reductions in the shop only today.
2. I reduce the amount of sugar in my drinks.
3. Mom perfectly ironed my uniform.
4. Grandma is sewing in her room.
5. I have to take the keys back home because my sister needs them.
6. Can you still wait for me? I’m still drying the clothes.
7. It is his obligation to keep those documents.
8. I have some burns on my skin after cooking all night.

191

9. We burn wood to keep us warm.
10. He only brings essential things for this trip.
11. Some people prefer to use electric heating in their houses.
12. There are numerous reductions of employees in the factory.
13. I don’t like ironing my clothes myself because it usually takes a lot of time.
14. I will take this back to you after I use it.
15. I sewed my clothes myself.

192

1. Could you take it back afterwards? Repeat.
2. Could you take it back afterwards? Change: later. --- [Could you take it backlater?]
3. Could you take it back later? Change: he. --- [Could he take it back later?]
4. Could he take it back later? Change: the book. --- [Could he take the bookback later?]
5. Could he take the book back later? Change: can. --- [Can he take the bookback later? ]193

1. We have to burn some unimportant stuff. Repeat.
2. We have to burn some unimportant stuff. Change: must, documents. --- [Wemust burn some unimportant documents.]
3. We must burn some unimportant documents. Change: keep, essential. --- [Wemust keep some essential documents.]
4. We must keep some essential documents. Change: you, things. --- [You must
keep some essential things.]
5. You must keep some essential things. Change: should, buy. --- [You should
buy some essential things.]

194

1. The reduction in the salary became a serious problem. Repeat.
2. Change: issue. --- [The reduction in the salary became a serious issue.]
3. Change: was. --- [The reduction in the salary was a serious issue.]
4. Change: budget. --- [The reduction in the budget was a serious issue.]
5. Change: calculation. --- [The calculation in the budget was a serious issue.]
6. Change: obligation. --- [The calculation in the budget was a serious
obligation.]195

1. My task is to dry the floor. Repeat.
2. My task is to dry the floor. Add: only. --- [My only task is to dry the floor.]
3. My only task is to dry the floor. Change: plates. --- [My only task is to dry theplates.]
4. My only task is to dry the plates. Add: clean. --- [My only task is to dry theclean plates.]
5. My only task is to dry the clean plates. Change: first. --- [My first task is to dry
the clean plates.]
6. My first task is to dry the clean plates. Change: clothes. --- [My first task is to
dry the clean clothes.]
7. My first task is to dry the clean clothes. Change: iron. --- [My first task is toiron the clean clothes.]
8. My first task is to iron the clean clothes. Change: obligation. --- [My firstobligation is to iron the clean clothes.]
9. My first obligation is to iron the clean clothes. Change: sew. --- [My firstobligation is to sew the clean clothes.]
10. My first obligation is to sew the clean clothes. Change: cloths. --- [My firstobligation is to sew the clean cloths.]196[1. Who has to take the car back home? ⤵][2. Could you turn the electric heating down, please? ⤴][3. Why do we have to go to the hospital? ⤵][4. What do you dry before going out? ⤵][5. Could he take it back later? ⤴]197

1. Could you turn the heating down?
2. Could you turn the heating down, please?
3. Could you turn the electric heating down, please?

198

1. Put medicine on your burns to reduce the pain. Repeat.
2. Put medicine on your burns to reduce the pain. Add: some. --- [Put somemedicine on your burns to reduce the pain.]
3. Put some medicine on your burns to reduce the pain. Add: please. --- [Please
put some medicine on your burns to reduce the pain.]
4. Please put some medicine on your burns to reduce the pain. Add: fresh. --[Please put some medicine on your fresh burns to reduce the pain.]199

1. I dry my hair before going out. Repeat.
2. I dry my hair before going out. Transform: what. --- [What do you dry before
going out?]
3. I ironed your clothes yesterday. Repeat.
4. I ironed your clothes yesterday. Transform: when. --- [When did I iron yourclothes?]
5. She has a lot of obligations in the office. Repeat.
6. She has a lot of obligations in the office. Transform: where. --- [Where does
she have a lot of obligations?]
7. We had to go to the hospital because of her serious burns. Repeat.
8. We had to go to the hospital because of her serious burns. Transform: why. -- [Why did we have to go to the hospital?]
9. John has to take the car back home. Repeat.
10. John has to take the car back home. Transform: who. --- [Who has to takethe car back home?]2001. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

201

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

202

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

203

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

204

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

205

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

206

1. numerous
2. minimum
3. damage
4. consent
5. approval
6. politicians
7. sudden
8. organization

2071. My parents should give their consent for numerous reasons. Repeat.
2. My parents should give their consent for numerous reasons. Change:teachers. --- [My teachers should give their consent for numerous reasons.]
3. My teachers should give their consent for numerous reasons. Change:
approval. --- [My teachers should give their approval for numerous reasons.]
4. My teachers should give their approval for numerous reasons. Change:
many. --- [My teachers should give their approval for many reasons.]
5. My teachers should give their approval for many reasons. Change: lectures. -- [My teachers should give their lectures for many reasons.]
6. My teachers should give their lectures for many reasons. Change: will. --- [Myteachers will give their lectures for many reasons.]208

1. I always eat breakfast before I go to school. Repeat.
2. I always eat breakfast before I go to school. Change: work, bread. --- [I always
eat bread before I go to work.]
3. I always eat bread before I go to work. Change: sometimes, a sandwich. --- [Isometimes eat a sandwich before I go to work.]
4. I sometimes eat a sandwich before I go to work. Change: bring, when. --- [Isometimes bring a sandwich when I go to work.]
5. I sometimes bring a sandwich when I go to work. Change: want, exercise. --[I sometimes bring a sandwich when I want to exercise.]209

1. The reduction in the salary became a serious problem. Repeat.
2. Change: issue. --- [The reduction in the salary became a serious issue.]
3. Change: was. --- [The reduction in the salary was a serious issue.]
4. Change: budget. --- [The reduction in the budget was a serious issue.]
5. Change: calculation. --- [The calculation in the budget was a serious issue.]
6. Change: obligation. --- [The calculation in the budget was a serious
obligation.]210[1. Tell your dad to go to the supermarket | as soon as you get home.][2. I always eat breakfast | before I go to school.][3. Whenever John visits, | he always brings food.][4. We have coped with all the problems | we have encountered in thecompany.][5. They should know the damage | to your expensive bag.]211

1. We will wait until you are ready. Repeat.
2. We will wait until you are ready. Add: here. --- [We will wait here until you areready.]
3. We will wait here until you are ready. Add: totally. --- [We will wait here until
you are totally ready.]212

1. We should check the contents of your purse. Repeat.
2. We should check the contents of your purse. Change: they. --- [They should
check the contents of your purse.]
3. They should check the contents of your purse. Add: red. --- [They should
check the contents of your red purse.]
4. They should check the contents of your red purse. Change: bag. --- [Theyshould check the contents of your red bag.]
5. They should check the contents of your red bag. Change: damage, to. --[They should check the damage to your red bag.]
6. They should check the damage to your red bag. Change: know. --- [Theyshould know the damage to your red bag.]
7. They should know the damage to your red bag. Change: expensive. --- [Theyshould know the damage to your expensive bag.]
8. They should know the damage to your expensive bag. Add: serious. --- [Theyshould know the serious damage to your expensive bag.]
9. They should know the serious damage to your expensive bag. Change: fix. --[They should fix the serious damage to your expensive bag.]
10. They should fix the serious damage to your expensive bag. Change: car. --[They should fix the serious damage to your expensive car.]213

1. As soon as you meet John, will you tell him the news, please? Repeat.
2. As soon as you meet John, will you tell him the news, please? Transform:
what. --- [What will I tell John as soon as I meet him?]
3. Bring an umbrella when you go out. Repeat.
4. Bring an umbrella when you go out. Transform: what. --- [What will you bringwhen you go out?]
5. He will try playing soccer when he’s in England. Repeat.
6. He will try playing soccer when he’s in England. Transform: where. --- [Where
will he try playing soccer?]
7. Since mom is not home tonight, we will go out. Repeat.
8. Since mom is not home tonight, we will go out. Transform: when. --- [When ismom not home?]
9. Whenever John visits, he always brings food. Repeat.
10. Whenever John visits, he always brings food. Transform: who. --- [Whoalways brings food whenever he visits?]214[1. Who has to take the car back home? ⤵][2. Could you turn the electric heating down, please? ⤴][3. Why do we have to go to the hospital? ⤵][4. What do you dry before going out? ⤵][5. Could he take it back later? ⤴]215

1. Put medicine on your burns to reduce the pain. Repeat.
2. Put medicine on your burns to reduce the pain. Add: some. --- [Put somemedicine on your burns to reduce the pain.]
3. Put some medicine on your burns to reduce the pain. Add: please. --- [Please
put some medicine on your burns to reduce the pain.]
4. Please put some medicine on your burns to reduce the pain. Add: fresh. --[Please put some medicine on your fresh burns to reduce the pain.]216

1. The politicians have a contrast of opinions. Repeat.
2. The politicians have a contrast of opinions. Transform: who. --- [Who has acontrast of opinions?
3. The teacher’s control of the class is not bad. Repeat.
4. The teacher’s control of the class is not bad. Transform: how. --- [How is theteacher’s control of the class?]
5. There are numerous people in the conference hall this week. Repeat.
6. There are numerous people in the conference hall this week. Transform:
when. --- [When are there numerous people in the conference hall?]7. The minimum size they need is medium. Repeat.
8. The minimum size they need is medium. Transform: what. --- [What is theminimum size they need?]
9. Her dress and her shoes contrast. Repeat.
10. Her dress and her shoes contrast. Transform: what. --- [What contrasts with
what?]

217

1. We have coped with all the problems we have encountered in the company.
2. Her mom is cleaning up the mess of my brother at home.
3. Tell your dad to go to the supermarket as soon as you get home.
4. Before I leave for Japan, I want to talk to all the employees here.
5. I have to take the keys back home because my sister needs them.
6. There are numerous reductions of employees in the factory.
7. My first obligation is to iron the clean clothes.
8. As soon as you meet John, will you tell him the news, please?

218

Please refer to the definition file.

219

220

221

1. A company should have enough budget for maintenance.
2. Finding a good lawyer is not easy.
3. The doctor’s finding regarding her condition is not good.
4. She has a lot of excuses not to go to the party.
5. Most people judge a person by the way they dress.
6. My father advised me that I should study in London.
7. The parking fee is just $3.
8. Joyce has an opportunity to go to Europe this summer.

222

9. The shop owner is negotiating with other business owners.
10. The function of credit cards is to pay easily without taking cash everywhere.
11. Students and teachers must follow the rules and regulations of the school.
12. The house rates in the city are very expensive.
13. There are a lot of important files that she lost in the office.
14. Water maintenance is one of the problems in the village.
15. The function of the machines is to make the worker’s job easy.

223

1. He advised us about the regulations of the company. Repeat.
2. He advised us about the regulations of the company. Change: she. --- [Sheadvised us about the regulations of the company.]
3. She advised us about the regulations of the company. Change: hotel. --- [Sheadvised us about the regulations of the hotel.]
4. She advised us about the regulations of the hotel. Change: maintenance. --[She advised us about the maintenance of the hotel.]
5. She advised us about the maintenance of the hotel. Change: room. --- [Sheadvised us about the maintenance of the room.]
6. She advised us about the maintenance of the room. Change: rate. --- [Sheadvised us about the rate of the room.]
7. She advised us about the rate of the room. Change: told. --- [She told us
about the rate of the room.]224

1. They don’t trust the findings of the doctors. Repeat.
2. They don’t trust the findings of the doctors. Change: believe, police. --- [They
don’t believe the findings of the police.]
3. They don’t believe the findings of the police. Change: we, know. --- [We don’tknow the findings of the police.]
4. We don’t know the findings of the police. Change: judge, function. --- [Wedon’t judge the function of the police.]
5. We don’t judge the function of the police. Change: excuse, Brad. --- [We don’t
judge the excuse of Brad.]225

1. opportunity
2. negotiate
3. regulation
4. maintenance5. condition226

1. Dad is trying to reduce our fees. Repeat.
2. Dad is trying to reduce our fees. Add: to negotiate. --- [Dad is trying tonegotiate to reduce our fees.]
3. Dad is trying to negotiate to reduce our fees. Add: school. --- [Dad is trying tonegotiate to reduce our school fees.]
4. Dad is trying to negotiate to reduce our school fees. Add: my. --- [My dad istrying to negotiate to reduce our school fees.]227

1. They have to study. Repeat.
2. Add: in London. --- [They have to study in London.]
3. Add: the opportunity. --- [They have the opportunity to study in London.]228

1. I told the secretary to keep the files. Repeat.
2. I told the secretary to keep the files. Change: my. --- [I told my secretary tokeep the files.]3. I told my secretary to keep the files. Add: old. --- [I told my secretary to keep
the old files.]4. I told my secretary to keep the old files. Change: documents. --- [I told mysecretary to keep the old documents.]
5. I told my secretary to keep the old documents. Add: always. --- [I told mysecretary to always keep the old documents.]229

1. The student has many excuses for being late. Repeat.
2. The student has many excuses for being late. Transform: who. --- [Who has
many excuses for being late?]
3. The politicians are often judged by the people. Repeat.
4. The politicians are often judged by the people. Transform who. --- [Who isoften judged by the people?]
5. Rules and regulations are not always followed in the city. Repeat.
6. Rules and regulations are not always followed in the city. Transform: where. -- [Where are rules and regulations not always followed?]
7. Finding a cheap place to stay in a big city is hard. Repeat.
8. Finding a cheap place to stay in a big city is hard. Transform: what. --- [Whatis hard in a big city?]
9. He advised me to stay there last night. Repeat.
10. He advised me to stay there last night. Transform: when. --- [When did headvise me to stay there?]230

Please refer to the definition file.

231

232

233

1. We cracked the wood.
2. You have to watch your step if you want to stay in this place longer.
3. An annual check of the building is done every January.
4. What’s the hurry? We still have thirty minutes.
5. She’s upstairs.
6. Wait. Let me get my things upstairs.
7. The children are swimming in the pool.

234

8. They sang altogether during the event.
9. You’re talking so loud in the library.
10. You don’t have to worry because your temperature is normal.
11. She truly loves her cats.
12. She has an opportunity to study and work abroad.
13. His kick broke the door.

235

1. There were many guests here during the annual conference. Repeat.
2. There were many guests here during the annual conference. Change: people.
--- [There were many people here during the annual conference.]
3. There were many people here during the annual conference. Change:
examination. --- [There were many people here during the annual examination.]
4. There were many people here during the annual examination. Change:
students. --- [There were many students here during the annual examination.]
5. There were many students here during the annual examination. Change:monthly. --- [There were many students here during the monthly examination.]
6. There were many students here during the monthly examination. Change:
program. --- [There were many students here during the monthly program.]236

1. He cracked the new wall upstairs with a hard kick. Repeat.
2. He cracked the new wall upstairs with a hard kick. Change: chair, punch. --[He cracked the new chair upstairs with a hard punch.]
3. He cracked the new chair upstairs with a hard punch. Change: broke, table. -- [He broke the new table upstairs with a hard punch.]
4. He broke the new table upstairs with a hard punch. Change: you, downstairs.
--- [You broke the new table downstairs with a hard punch.]
5. You broke the new table downstairs with a hard punch. Change: expensive,
powerful. --- [You broke the expensive table downstairs with a powerful punch.]
6. You broke the expensive table downstairs with a powerful punch. Change:
bike, outside. --- [You broke the expensive bike outside with a powerful punch.]237

1. Dad likes to work.
2. My dad likes to work.
3. My dad likes to work abroad.
4. My dad truly likes to work abroad.

238

1. It’s a day at the pool. Repeat.
2. It’s a day at the pool. Add: just. --- [It’s just a day at the pool.]
3. It’s just a day at the pool. Add: normal. --- [It’s just a normal day at the pool.]
4. It’s just a normal day at the pool. Add: altogether. --- [Altogether, it’s just a
normal day at the pool.]239

1. I was in a hurry while she was just swimming in the pool. Repeat.
2. I was in a hurry while she was just swimming in the pool. Transform: where. -- [Where was she while I was in a hurry?]
3. The secretary is now asking for our annual payment. Repeat.
4. The secretary is now asking for our annual payment. Transform: who. --[Who is now asking for our annual payment?]
5. I am truly happy to finally study abroad. Repeat.
6. I am truly happy to finally study abroad. Transform: where. --- [Where am I
truly happy to finally study?]
7. Those boys are very loud inside the library. Repeat.
8. Those boys are very loud inside the library. Transform: who. --- [Who is very
loud inside the library?]
9. These clothes are fifty dollars altogether. Repeat.
10. These clothes are fifty dollars altogether. Transform: what. --- [What are fifty
dollars altogether?]240

1. crack /æ/
2. loud /ɑʊ/3. upstairs /ʌ/4. rate /ɛɪ/
5. judge /ʌ/
6. fee /i/
7. pool /u/241

1. You should watch your step when working with her. Repeat.
2. You should watch your step when working with her. Change: must. --- [Youmust watch your step when working with her.]
3. You must watch your step when working with her. Change: playing. --- [Youmust watch your step when playing with her.]
4. You must watch your step when playing with her. Change: them. --- [Youmust watch your step when playing with them.]
5. You must watch your step when playing with them. Change: have to. --- [Youhave to watch your step when playing with them.]242

1. The children are singing very loud at the park. Repeat.
2. The children are singing very loud at the park. Change: door. --- [The children
are singing very loud at the door.]
3. The children are singing very loud at the door. Change: shouting. --- [Thechildren are shouting very loud at the door.]
4. The children are shouting very loud at the door. Change: students. --- [Thestudents are shouting very loud at the door.]
5. The students are shouting very loud at the door. Change: pool. --- [Thestudents are shouting very loud at the pool.]243

Please refer to the definition file.

244

245

1. Is your house near a convenience store?
2. Only five percent of the students failed the test.
3. The percentage of female students in the school is 60%.
4. He doesn’t like physical labor.
5. The release of prisoners yesterday is dangerous for everyone.
6. This town has lots of natural resources.
7. The heavy rain spoiled the show.

246

8. She’s an only child – that’s why her parents spoiled her.
9. I enjoy the comforts of my home.
10. The chicken sandwich is now sold out.
11. Mr. Smith established the company.
12. A beautiful lady occupied the 5th room on the second floor.
13. Our new place is very convenient.

247

1. It is convenient to live in the city. Repeat.
2. It is convenient to live in the city. Change: town. --- [It is convenient to live inthe town.]
3. It is convenient to live in the town. Change: nice. --- [It is nice to live in thetown.]
4. It is nice to live in the town. Change: stay. --- [It is nice to stay in the town.]
5. It is nice to stay in the town. Change: was. --- [It was nice to stay in the town.]
6. It was nice to stay in the town. Change: mountain. --- [It was nice to stay inthe mountain.]
7. It was nice to stay in the mountain. Change: horrible. --- [It was horrible tostay in the mountain.]248

1. He established the organization fifteen years ago. Repeat.
2. He established the organization fifteen years ago. Change: company. --- [Heestablished the company fifteen years ago.]
3. He established the company fifteen years ago. Change: two. --- [Heestablished the company two years ago.]
4. He established the company two years ago. Change: they. --- [Theyestablished the company two years ago.]
5. They established the company two years ago. Change: centuries. --- [Theyestablished the company two centuries ago.]
6. They established the company two centuries ago. Change: owned. --- [Theyowned the company two centuries ago.]249

1. My cousins love the comfort of our house. Repeat.
2. My cousins love the comfort of our house. Change: friends, convenience. --[My friends love the convenience of our house.]
3. My friends love the convenience of our house. Change: enjoyed, party in. --[My friends enjoyed the party in our house.]
4. My friends enjoyed the party in our house. Change: spoiled, place. --- [Myfriends spoiled the party in our place.]
5. My friends spoiled the party in our place. Change: classmates, show. --- [Myclassmates spoiled the show in our place.]
6. My classmates spoiled the show in our place. Change: program, school. --[My classmates spoiled the program in our school.]2501. The tickets are sold out.
2. The tickets are not sold out.
3. The tickets for the event are not sold out.
4. The tickets for the event are not sold out yet.

251

1. They paid for the labor. Repeat.
2. Add: him. --- [They paid him for the labor.]
3. Add: hard. --- [They paid him for the hard labor.]
4. Add: $20. --- [They paid him $20 for the hard labor.]252

[1. She’s an only child | – that’s why her parents spoiled her.][2. The release of the prisoners yesterday | is dangerous for everyone.][3. He established the organization | fifteen years ago.][4. The house rates in the city | are very expensive.][5. You have to watch your step | if you want to stay in this place longer.]253

1. Thirty percent of the people occupying the building are happy. Repeat.
2. Thirty percent of the people occupying the building are happy. Change:
twenty. --- [Twenty percent of the people occupying the building are happy.]
3. Twenty percent of the people occupying the building are happy. Change:
families. --- [Twenty percent of the families occupying the building are happy.]
4. Twenty percent of the families occupying the building are happy. Add: very. -- [Twenty percent of the families occupying the building are very happy.]
5. Twenty percent of the families occupying the building are very happy. Add:
not. --- [Twenty percent of the families occupying the building are not very
happy.]

254

1. The percentage of the male population in the city is higher than in the town.
Repeat.
2. The percentage of the male population in the city is higher than in the town.
Transform: where. --- [Where is the percentage of the male population higher?
3. The release of the test results is in the afternoon. Repeat.
4. The release of the test results is in the afternoon. Transform: when. --- [Whenis the release of the test results?]
5. Thirty percent of the resources are damaged. Repeat.
6. Thirty percent of the resources are damaged. Transform: how much. --- [Howmuch of the resources are damaged?]
7. It is more convenient to ride a train than a car. Repeat.
8. It is more convenient to ride a train than a car. Transform: what. --- [What ismore convenient to ride than a car?]
9. My grandparents spoiled me. Repeat.
10. My grandparents spoiled me. Transform: who. --- [Who spoiled me?]255

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

256

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

257

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

258

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

259

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

260

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

261

1. opportunity
2. negotiate
3. regulation
4. maintenance5. condition262

1. He advised us about the regulations of the company. Repeat.
2. He advised us about the regulations of the company. Change: she. --- [Sheadvised us about the regulations of the company.]
3. She advised us about the regulations of the company. Change: hotel. --- [Sheadvised us about the regulations of the hotel.]
4. She advised us about the regulations of the hotel. Change: maintenance. --[She advised us about the maintenance of the hotel.]
5. She advised us about the maintenance of the hotel. Change: room. --- [Sheadvised us about the maintenance of the room.]
6. She advised us about the maintenance of the room. Change: rate. --- [Sheadvised us about the rate of the room.]
7. She advised us about the rate of the room. Change: told. --- [She told us
about the rate of the room.]263

1. He cracked the new wall upstairs with a hard kick. Repeat.
2. He cracked the new wall upstairs with a hard kick. Change: chair, punch. --[He cracked the new chair upstairs with a hard punch.]
3. He cracked the new chair upstairs with a hard punch. Change: broke, table. -- [He broke the new table upstairs with a hard punch.]
4. He broke the new table upstairs with a hard punch. Change: you, downstairs.
--- [You broke the new table downstairs with a hard punch.]
5. You broke the new table downstairs with a hard punch. Change: expensive,
powerful. --- [You broke the expensive table downstairs with a powerful punch.]
6. You broke the expensive table downstairs with a powerful punch. Change:
bike, outside. --- [You broke the expensive bike outside with a powerful punch.]264

1. It is convenient to live in the city. Repeat.
2. It is convenient to live in the city. Change: town. --- [It is convenient to live inthe town.]
3. It is convenient to live in the town. Change: nice. --- [It is nice to live in thetown.]
4. It is nice to live in the town. Change: stay. --- [It is nice to stay in the town.]
5. It is nice to stay in the town. Change: was. --- [It was nice to stay in the town.]
6. It was nice to stay in the town. Change: mountain. --- [It was nice to stay inthe mountain.]
7. It was nice to stay in the mountain. Change: horrible. --- [It was horrible tostay in the mountain.]265

1. Dad is trying to reduce our fees. Repeat.
2. Dad is trying to reduce our fees. Add: to negotiate. --- [Dad is trying tonegotiate to reduce our fees.]
3. Dad is trying to negotiate to reduce our fees. Add: school. --- [Dad is trying tonegotiate to reduce our school fees.]
4. Dad is trying to negotiate to reduce our school fees. Add: my. --- [My dad istrying to negotiate to reduce our school fees.]266

1. I was in a hurry while she was just swimming in the pool. Repeat.
2. I was in a hurry while she was just swimming in the pool. Transform: where. -- [Where was she while I was in a hurry?]
3. The secretary is now asking for our annual payment. Repeat.
4. The secretary is now asking for our annual payment. Transform: who. --[Who is now asking for our annual payment?]
5. I am truly happy to finally study abroad. Repeat.
6. I am truly happy to finally study abroad. Transform: where. --- [Where am I
truly happy to finally study?]
7. Those boys are very loud inside the library. Repeat.
8. Those boys are very loud inside the library. Transform: who. --- [Who is very
loud inside the library?]
9. These clothes are fifty dollars altogether. Repeat.
10. These clothes are fifty dollars altogether. Transform: what. --- [What are fifty
dollars altogether?]267

1. crack /æ/
2. loud /ɑʊ/3. upstairs /ʌ/4. rate /ɛɪ/
5. judge /ʌ/
6. fee /i/
7. pool /u/268

1. It’s a day at the pool. Repeat.
2. It’s a day at the pool. Add: just. --- [It’s just a day at the pool.]
3. It’s just a day at the pool. Add: normal. --- [It’s just a normal day at the pool.]
4. It’s just a normal day at the pool. Add: altogether. --- [Altogether, it’s just a
normal day at the pool.]269

1. They paid for the labor. Repeat.
2. Add: him. --- [They paid him for the labor.]
3. Add: hard. --- [They paid him for the hard labor.]
4. Add: $20. --- [They paid him $20 for the hard labor.]270

[1. She’s an only child | – that’s why her parents spoiled her.][2. The release of the prisoners yesterday | is dangerous for everyone.][3. He established the organization | fifteen years ago.][4. The house rates in the city | are very expensive.][5. You have to watch your step | if you want to stay in this place longer.]271

1. The student has many excuses for being late. Repeat.
2. The student has many excuses for being late. Transform: who. --- [Who has
many excuses for being late?]
3. The politicians are often judged by the people. Repeat.
4. The politicians are often judged by the people. Transform who. --- [Who isoften judged by the people?]
5. Rules and regulations are not always followed in the city. Repeat.
6. Rules and regulations are not always followed in the city. Transform: where. -- [Where are rules and regulations not always followed?]
7. Finding a cheap place to stay in a big city is hard. Repeat.
8. Finding a cheap place to stay in a big city is hard. Transform: what. --- [Whatis hard in a big city?]
9. He advised me to stay there last night. Repeat.
10. He advised me to stay there last night. Transform: when. --- [When did headvise me to stay there?]272

1. Water maintenance is one of the problems in the village.
2. The function of the machines is to make the worker’s job easy.
3. His kick broke the door.
4. You don’t have to worry because your temperature is normal.
5. The release of the prisoners yesterday is dangerous for everyone.
6. A beautiful lady occupied the 5th room on the second floor.
7. The percentage of female students in the school is 60%.
8. The shop owner is negotiating with other business owners.

273