೻ቯᨑ⪲ࠍ೑↪ߒߚ࠙࠶࠼࠴࠶ࡊߩࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣ᧚ߣߒߡߩᬀᩱ᮸ᧁߦ෸߷ߔലᨐේ↰‫ޓ‬㤗⟤Effect of mulching of chips made from pruned branches and leaves on planting trees

Mami Harada‫ޣ‬Abstract‫ޤ‬‫ޓޓ‬I conducted a field experiment on a large park which is located on the north part of Awaji Island, central Japan, in order to verify effects ofmulching of wood chips made from pruned braches and leaves on 39 cherry trees Prunus lannesiana Wils. cv. Kawazu-zakura. Thirty- nine trees
were divided into three groups: wood chips were laid around 14 trees after grass removed, sand was laid around 15 trees after grass removed,
and 10 trees were treated as control. SPAD value, photosynthetic rates for tree growth, and soil temperature and moisture were measured fromthe beginning of August to the middle of November. As a result, the average of soil temperature of tress with wood chips was significantly lower
than ones of trees with sand and control trees. The averages of soil moisture of trees with wood chips and sand were significantly higher than
one of control trees. Also, trees with wood chips and sand had significant higher SPAD values than control. The photosynthesis rate of trees
with wood chips was less reduced than the others. These results showed that the multing of wood chips could keep trees healthy, because ofmaintaining the soil temperature and moisture.
Key words: soil moisture, water stress, soil temperature, SPAD, photosynthetic rates,㧝㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ

ᤘ๺⸥ᔨ౏࿦ߢߪ㧘࠴࠶ࡊൻߐࠇߚ೻ቯᨑ⪲ߪਥߦᬀᩱ‫ޓ‬ᚒ߇࿖ߩᓴⅣဳ␠ળߩᒻᚑߦะߌߚᴺ૕♽ߩ೙ቯߩേᏪߩࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣ㧘࿦〝ߩ⥩ⵝ᧚ߣߒߡ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚߈ߦ㑐ߒ㧘ታⴕജ޽ࠆขࠅ⚵ߺߩផㅴࠍ࿑ࠆߚ߼ߦᓴⅣ‫ߢߎߘޓ‬㧘ߘࠇࠄ೻ቯᨑ⪲ߩ೑↪ലᨐࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔߴߊဳ␠ળᒻᚑផㅴၮᧄᴺ߇ 2000 ᐕߦ೙ቯߐࠇߚ㧚ߎߩၮᧄ

1990 ᐕઍඨ߫߆ࠄ᭽‫⎇ߥޘ‬ⓥ߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚࠴࠶ࡊࠍᴺߩ߽ߣ㧘ᑄ᫈‛ಣℂᴺ߿⾗Ḯ᦭ല೑↪ଦㅴᴺ߇૏⟎ߠࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣߔࠆ㓙ߩ࿯ფߦਈ߃ࠆലᨐߣߒߡ㧘ੇ῎㒐ᱛߌࠄࠇ㧘ߐࠄߦ 2002 ᐕߦߪᣂࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯೑↪ߥߤߩଦㅴലᨐ㧔ਃቛࠄ 2004 㧘࿾᷷ᄌേ✭๺ലᨐ㧔㘵Ⴆࠄ 2003ߦ㑐ߔࠆ․೎ភ⟎ᴺᣉⴕ઎߇ᡷᱜߐࠇ㧘ᣂࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩലᨐߪ㧘ᩮᒛࠅ߇ᵻ޿⧣ᧁኻ⽎ߦࡃࠗࠝࡑࠬ߇ㅊടߐࠇߚ㧚ߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀߇ᄢ߈޿߇㧘ࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣ᧚ߩⵍⷒෘ߇ෘߔ‫౏ޓ‬࿦✛࿾ߩ⛽ᜬ▤ℂߦ઻޿⊒↢ߔࠆ೻ቯᨑ⪲ߪ  ᑄ᫈߉ࠆߣ࿯ფߢߩ⓸⚛ᰳਲ߆ࠄ㧘ᩮ♽⊒㆐߇ᛥ೙ߐࠇࠆߣ‛ߣߒߡ὾ළಣಽ߿ၒ߼┙ߡಣℂߐࠇߡ߈ߚ߇㧘ర᧪࡝ଏߦ㧘ᧁ⾰ේᢱߦ฽߹ࠇࠆ࠲ࡦ࠾ࡦߥߤߩ↢⢒㒖ኂ‛⾰ࠨࠗࠢ࡞น⢻ߥ⾗Ḯߢ޽ࠅ㧘὾ළಣಽߦࠃࠆන⚐ᑄ᫈߆߇ᒝߊ૞↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔⟤ỚᎹࠄ1998 㧚ߘࠄ᦭ലᵴ↪ߔࠆᣇะߦㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆ㧚ߘߩᵹࠇࠍฃߌ㧘ᄢߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣߦࠃࠆ⧣ᧁߩ↢⢒㒖ኂⷐ࿃ࠍ᣿ࠄ

ⷙᮨߥ㕙Ⓧߣᄙߊߩ᮸ᨋ࿾ࠍ᦭ߒᄢ㊂ߩ೻ቯᨑ⪲߇⊒↢߆ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⎇ⓥ㧔㜞ᯅࠄ 2001 ߥߤൻቇ⊛ߥಽᨆߪߒߡ޿ࠆ࿖༡౏࿦ߢߪ㧘ߘߩ࡝ࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߦኻߔࠆขࠅ⚵ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘వㅀߩੇ῎㒐ᱛലᨐ㧘࿾᷷ᄌേ✭๺ലߺࠍផㅴߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ో࿖ߩ࿖༡౏࿦ߩ⛽ᜬ▤ℂߢ⊒↢ߔᨐ߇᮸ᧁߩ↢⢒ߦ෸߷ߔലᨐࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ⎇ⓥߪߥ޿㧚ࠆ೻ቯᨑ⪲ߪᐔᚑ 15 ᐕᐲߢ⚂ 47000 ㎥ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߎߩ߁ߜ‫ޓ‬એ਄ߩߎߣ߆ࠄᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ၸ⢈ൻࠃࠅ߽ౣ೑↪ߔࠆ⚂ 90㧑ࠍၸ⢈ൻ㧘෶ߪ࠴࠶ࡊൻߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߚߛߒ㧘ᐕᐲ㓙ߦ◲ଢ߆ߟૐࠦࠬ࠻ߢ޽ࠆ࠴࠶ࡊൻߢಣℂߐࠇߚ೻ቯౝߦᵴ↪ߐࠇߚߩߪߘߩ߁ߜ⚂ 56㧑ߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘㔛⛎

ᨑ⪲߇㧘ࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣ᧚ߣߒߡ૶↪ߐࠇࠆ㓙ߩᬀᩱ᮸ᧁߦࡃ࡜ࡦࠬߩᡷༀ߇⺖㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᩉේ2005 㧚෸߷ߔᓇ㗀ߦ⌕⋡ߒߚ㧚ᬀᩱ᮸ᧁߦߣߞߡ㜞᷷ߣੇ῎߇‫ߩߢ⁁⃻ޓ‬೻ቯᨑ⪲ߩ࡝ࠨࠗࠢ࡞ᣇᴺߪ㧘ਥߦ࠴࠶ࡊൻࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߣߥࠆᄐᦼߦ߅޿ߡ㧘࠴࠶ࡊࠍࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣߒߚߣၸ⢈ൻߩ㧞ㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ㧔㜞㆙2005 㧚࿖༡᣿⍹ᶏጽ౏࿦㧘ታ㛎඙ߣኻᾖ඙ࠍ⸳ቯߒ㧘࿯ფ᳓ಽߣ࿾᷷㧘᮸ᧁߩ↢⢒ᵴᕈࠍᲧセߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘೻ቯ⴫㧙 ‫ޓ‬᷹ቯᣇᴺᨑ⪲ߩࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣ᧚ߣߒߡߩ೑↪ଦㅴߦߟ޿ߡ⺰⼏ߒߚ㧚㧞㧚⺞ᩏኻ⽎࿾߅ࠃ߮ᣇᴺ ⺞ᩏኻ⽎࿾߅ࠃ߮⺞ᩏኻ⽎᮸⒳᷹ቯ㗄⋡᷹ቯ㗫ᐲኻ⽎ࠨࡦࡊ࡞᷹ቯᣇᴺ࿾᷷ࡠࠟ࡯ฦ඙  ࠞᚲ࿾ਅ EOEO ࠍ  ᤨ㑆Ფߦ᷹ቯ࿯ფ᳓ಽㅳ࿁ోߡᩣరධ஥࿾ਅ EOEO ฦ‫  ޘ‬࿁᷹ቯ

52#& ୯ㅳ࿁

ోߡᦨᄢశวᚑㅦᐲ‫ޓ‬ኻ⽎࿾ߪ㧘౓ᐶ⋵᷆〝ፉർ┵ߩᄢ㒋ḧ஥ߦ޽ࠆ࿖༡᣿

2OCZ᦬࿁

ฦ඙ 52#& ୯߇㜞޿਄૏  ᧄධ஥ߦ⌕⪲ߔࠆ⪲ߩ⪲りਛᄩㇱࠍ ᨎߦߟ߈  ࿁  ฦ୘૕ߦߟ߈  ᨎ᷹ቯධ஥ߦ⌕⪲ߔࠆ⪲ࠍ  ࿁᷹ቯ⍹ᶏጽ౏࿦᷆〝࿾඙ߩᤐ৻⇟ߩਐߣߒߚ㧚ᧄኻ⽎࿾ߪ㧘✭߿߆ߥ௑ᢳ࿾਄ߦ޽ࠅ㧘৻㕙⦼ᒛࠅߩਛߦ᮸ᧁ߇ᬀᩱቯㇱ૏ߣߒ㧘ኻ⽎⪲ 1 ᨎߦߟ߈ 1 ࿁⸘᷹ߒߚ㧚ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ኻ⽎ᧁࠍ  ᐕߦᬀᩱߐࠇ‫ޓ‬ᰴߦ㧘୘⪲࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩᦨᄢశวᚑㅦᐲ㧔એਅ Pmax ࠍߚ᮸㜞⚂ O ߩࠞࡢ࠸ࠩࠢ࡜㧔Prunus lannesiana Wils cv᷹ቯߒߚ㧚᳓ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ߇߆߆ࠆߣߐࠇࠆ 8，9 ᦬ߦ㧘ฦ඙

Kawazu-zakura 39 ᧄߣߒ㧘ታ㛎඙ߣߒߡᩣరߩ⦼ࠍ᮸౰ߣߩኻ⽎ᧁߢ SPAD ୯߇㜞޿୯ࠍ␜ߒߚ਄૏ 3 ᨎߕߟࠍኻ

ห⒟ᐲߢ޽ࠆ⋥ᓘ 2m で౞⁁ߦ೸߇ߒ㧘⓸⚛㘫㙈߇⿠߈ߥ⽎ߣߒߡ㧘៤Ꮺ↪శวᚑ⫳ᢔ᷹ቯⵝ⟎㧔LI-6400㧘LI-COR޿㒢⇇ߢ޽ࠆ 5cm ෘ㧔㜞ᯅࠄ 2001 ߢ࠴࠶ࡊࠍᢝ޿ߚ࠴␠ ࠍ↪޿ߡశวᚑㅦᐲࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚శ㧙శวᚑᦛ✢߆࠶ࡊ඙ߣ㧘㑐⷏࿾ᣇߢߪᬀᩱ᮸ᧁߩ᳓㋬ߣߒߡᏱ↪ߔࠆࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆ Pmax ࠍ↢ℂᵴᕈߩᜰᮡߣߒ㧘᷹ቯ߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇ

ࡑࠨ࿯ࠍ࠴࠶ࡊ඙ห᭽ 5cm ߩෘߐߢᢝ޿ߚࡑࠨ࿯඙ࠍ⸳

ߚ 2007 ᐕ 8，9 ᦬ߩ Pmax ߩᏅ߆ࠄૐਅ₸ࠍ▚಴ߒ㧘࠴࠶ቯߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ኻᾖ඙ߣߒߡᩣరࠍ⦼ߩ߹߹ߦߒߡ߅޿ࡊߩലᨐᬌ⸽ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚᷹ቯ⪲ߪኻ⽎ᧁධ஥ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆߚήಣℂ඙ࠍ⸳ߌߚ㧚࠴࠶ࡊߪ㧘᮸⒳ᷙวߢ᷆〝᥊ⷰ࿦ᨑߦ⌕⪲ߒߚ߽ߩߣߒ㧘᷹ቯߪోߡඦ೨ਛߦⴕߞߚ㧚⧓ቇᩞౝߩ೻ቯᨑ⪲↱᧪ߩ☸ᓘ⚂ OO ߩ߽ߩࠍ૶↪ߒߚ㧚ߘࠇߙࠇߩ඙ߦ߅ߌࠆኻ⽎ᧁᢙߪ㧘࠴࠶ࡊ඙ 14 ᧄ㧘ࡑࠨ㧟⚿ᨐ

࿯඙ 15 ᧄ㧘ήಣℂ඙ 10 ᧄߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ᣉᎿߪ㧘2007 ᐕ 6 ࿾᷷

᦬ 21 ᣣ߆ࠄหᐕ 7 ᦬ 17 ᣣߦታᣉߒߚ㧚‫ޓ‬࿾ਅ 5cm ߩᦨ㜞୯ᐔဋߢߪ㧘8㧘9 ᦬ߪ࠴࠶ࡊ඙߇ߘࠇ ⺞ᩏ㗄⋡ߙࠇ 301͠㧘300͠ߣᦨ߽ૐ޿୯ࠍ␜ߒ㧔࿑− 1 㧘ઁߩ ࿯ფⅣႺ

2 ඙ߣߩ㑆ߢ᦭ᗧᏅ㧔Mann-Whithney’s U-test㧘p < 005 ߇‫ࡊ࠶࠴ޓ‬ᢝ⸳ਅߦ߅ߌࠆ࿯ფⅣႺࠍᛠីߔࠆߚ߼㧘࿾᷷ߣ޽ߞߚ㧚10，11 ᦬ߪ㧘ోߡߩ඙ߢ᦭ᗧᏅߪߥ߆ߞߚ㧚࿾࿯ფ᳓ಽߩ 2 㗄⋡ࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚࿾᷷ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘2007 ᐕਅ 5cm ߩᦨૐ୯ᐔဋߢߪ㧘8 ᦬ߪ࠴࠶ࡊ඙߇ 278͠ߣᦨ8 ᦬ 6 ᣣ߆ࠄหᐕ 11 ᦬ 20 ᣣ߹ߢߩᲤᤨ㑆㧘߅ࠎߤߣࠅ

߽ૐ޿୯ࠍ␜ߒ㧘ઁߩ 2 ඙ߣߩ㑆ߢߪ᦭ᗧᏅ߇޽ߞߚ㧔p㧔TR-72U㧘T&D ⵾ ࠍ↪޿ߡ⸘᷹ߒߚ㧚࿾᷷ߪ㧘1 ᣣ޽ߚ< 001 㧚ࠅߩᦨ㜞୯ߣᦨૐ୯ࠍ᳞߼㧘ߘߩ୯ߩ 1 ࡩ᦬ߩᐔဋ୯ࠍ

࿾ਅ 30cm ߩᦨ㜞୯ᐔဋߢߪ㧘8㧘9 ᦬ߪ࠴࠶ࡊ඙߇ߘࠇ

ฦ඙ߢ▚಴ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘࿾᷷ߩᄌേ᏷ࠍᛠីߔࠆߚ߼㧘࿾

ߙࠇ 289͠㧘288͠ߣᦨ߽ૐ޿୯ࠍ␜ߒ㧘ઁߩ 2 ඙ߣߩ㑆᷷ߩᣣセᏅࠍ▚಴ߒߚ㧚ߢ᦭ᗧᏅ߇޽ߞߚ㧔p < 005 㧚10 ᦬ߪోߡߩ඙ߢ᦭ᗧᏅ

‫ޓ‬ᰴߦ㧘ᬀᩱ࿯ფߩ฽᳓₸ࠍᛠីߔࠆߚ߼ߦ࿾ਅ 20cm㧘
㪊㪌

30cm ߦ߅޿ߡ 2007 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 6 ᣣ߆ࠄหᐕ 10 ᦬ 6 ᣣ߹ߢ㧘ㅳ 2 ࿁㧘TDR ࿯ფ᳓ಽ⸘㧔TDR-341F㧘Fujiwara ⵾ ࠍ↪޿ߡ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚᷹ቯ૏⟎ߪ㧘ኻ⽎ᧁߩᩣరධ஥ߣߒ㧘3 ࿁⸘㪊㪇 ᮸ᧁߩ↢ℂᵴᕈ‫ߩࡊ࠶࠴ޓ‬ᢝ⸳ߦࠃࠆ᮸ᧁߩ↢ℂᵴᕈ߳ߩᓇ㗀ࠍᛠីߔࠆߚ߼㧘⪲ߩන૏㕙Ⓧ޽ߚࠅߩ⪲✛⚛ỚᐲߦᲧ଀ߔࠆᜰ
ᮡߢ޽ࠆ SPAD ୯ߣ㧘᮸൓ߩ⛽ᜬߦ❬߇ࠆశวᚑ⢻ߩ 2 㗄᷷ᐲ ᷹͠ߒߚᐔဋ୯ࠍߘߩኻ⽎ᧁߩ࿯ფ฽᳓₸ߣߒߚ㧚㪉㪌㪉㪇⋡ࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚SPAD ୯ߩ⸘᷹ߪ㧘2007 ᐕ 7 ᦬ 30 ᣣ߆ࠄ
หᐕ 8 ᦬ 29 ᣣ߹ߢ㧘ㅳ 1 ࿁㧘⪲✛⚛⸘㧔SPAD-502㧘ࡒࡁ࡞࠲⵾ ࠍ↪޿ߡⴕߞߚ㧚᷹ቯ⪲ߪ㧘ኻ⽎ᧁߩධ஥ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆᨑߦ⌕⪲ߒߚ߽ߩ 30 ᨎߣߒߚ㧚⪲りߩਛᄩㇱࠍ᷹

㨪㪇㨪㪏᦬

㪐᦬

࠴࠶ࡊ඙ OCZ
࠴࠶ࡊ඙ OKP㪈㪇᦬ࡑࠨ࿯඙ OCZ
ࡑࠨ࿯඙ OKP㪈㪈᦬ήಣℂ඙ OCZ
ήಣℂ඙ OKP࿑㧙 ࿾᷷ ࿾ਅ EO ߩ⚻ᤨᄌൻ߇ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚࿾ਅ 30cm ߩᦨૐ୯ᐔဋߢߪ㧘8，9 ᦬ߪ࠴࠶㪋㪇ࡊ඙߇ߘࠇߙࠇ 284͠㧘283͠ߣᦨ߽ૐ޿୯ࠍ␜ߒ㧘ઁߩ඙ߢ᦭ᗧᏅ߇ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚㪊㪏

52#& ୯

ߩ 2 ඙ߣߩ㑆ߢ᦭ᗧᏅ߇޽ߞߚ㧔p < 005 㧚10 ᦬ߪోߡ㪊㪍‫ߚ߹ޓ‬㧘࿾᷷ߩᄌേ᏷ࠍ␜ߔ୯ߢ޽ࠆ࿾ਅ 5cm ߩᣣセᏅߢߪ㧘శวᚑㅦᐲࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ 8㧘9 ᦬ߦ⌕⋡ߒߚ㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘㪊㪋ࡑࠨ࿯඙ߩᣣセᏅ߇ᐔဋ 5.0͠㧘࠴࠶ࡊ඙߇ 34͠ߢ޽ࠅ㧘㪇㪎㪆㪊㪇㨪㨪㪏㪆㪍㪏㪆㪉㪇㪏㪆㪉㪎᷹ቯᣣਔ඙ߩ㑆ߦ᦭ᗧᏅ㧔t-test㧘p < 001 ߇޽ߞߚ㧔࿑− 2 㧚࠴࠶ࡊ඙ ࿯ფ᳓ಽࡑࠨ࿯඙ήಣℂ඙࿑㧙 ฦ඙ߩᐔဋ 52#& ୯ߩᄌൻ‫ޓ‬࿾ਅ 20cm ߢߪ㧘8 ᦬ਛᣨ߆ࠄਅᣨߦ߆ߌߡήಣℂ඙߇⴫㧙 2OCZ ߩ᦬ᐔဋ୯

173% 㨪 110% ߩ▸࿐ߢᦨ߽ૐ޿୯ࠍ␜ߒ㧘ઁߩ 2 ඙ߣ㪧㫄㪸㫏㩿㱘㫄㫆㫃䊶㪚㪦㪉 䊶㫄㪄㪉 䊶㫊㪄㪈 㪀ߩ㑆ߢ᦭ᗧᏅ㧔Mann-Whithney’s U-test㧘p < 005 ߇޽ߞߚ㪏᦬

㪐᦬

䉼䉾䊒඙

㪈㪈㪅㪏㪈

㪋㪅㪍㪇

䊙䉰࿯඙㪈㪋㪅㪋㪇㪈㪅㪈㪇ήಣℂ඙㪈㪋㪅㪐㪊㪇㪅㪏㪉㧔࿑− 3 㧚࿾ਅ 30cm ߢߪ㧘8 ᦬ 19 ᣣ߆ࠄ 9 ᦬ 2 ᣣߦ߆ߌߡήಣℂ඙߇ 6.3% 㨪 47% ߩ▸࿐ߢᦨ߽ૐ޿୯ࠍ␜ߒ㧘ઁߩ 2 ඙ߣߩ㑆ߦ᦭ᗧᏅ߇޽ߞߚ㧔p < 005 㧚 ᮸ᧁߩ↢ℂᵴᕈ
‫ޓ‬SPAD ୯ߩᐔဋ୯ߪ㧘᷹ቯᦼ㑆ਛẋᷫ௑ะࠍ␜ߒ㧘ήಣߩ㑆ߦ᦭ᗧᏅ㧔Turkey-Kramer HSD test㧘p < 001 ߇޽ߞߚℂ඙߇ 378 ߆ࠄ 261 ߦᄢ߈ߊ୯ࠍᷫዋߐߖ㧘ઁߩ 2 ඙ߣ㧔࿑− 4 㧚㪏‫ޓ‬శวᚑ⢻ߢߪ㧘8，9 ᦬ߩ࠴࠶ࡊ඙ߦ߅ߌࠆ Pmax ߩᐔဋ୯ߩૐਅ₸㧔610% ߪ㧘ࡑࠨ࿯඙㧔923% 㧘ήಣℂ඙㧔950% ߣᲧセߒߡዊߐ޿ߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߚ㧔⴫− 2 㧚࿾᷷ ͠㪍㧠⠨ኤ㪋‫ޓ‬᳓ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ߇߆߆ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ 8，9 ᦬ߩ࿾᷷ߪ㧘࠴࠶ࡊ඙ߢ࿾ਅ 5cm㧘30cm ߩᦨ㜞୯ᐔဋߣᦨૐ୯ᐔဋ߇㧘㪉ઁߩ 2 ඙ࠃࠅ߽᦭ᗧߦૐ޿୯ࠍ␜ߒߚ㧚ห඙ߩ࿯ფ᳓ಽ
ߢߪ㧘8 ᦬ਛᣨ߆ࠄ 9 ᦬਄ᣨߦ߆ߌߡઁߩ 2 ඙ࠃࠅ߽㜞޿㪇୯ࠍ␜ߒߚ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ⚿ᨐߣ㧘࿯ფ᷷ᐲ਄᣹ߩᛥ೙ߦߪ㪏㪆㪍㪏㪆㪈㪊㪏㪆㪉㪇㪏㪆㪉㪎㪐㪆㪊㪐㪆㪈㪇㪐㪆㪈㪎㪐㪆㪉㪋㪐㪆㪊㪇᷹ቯᣣ࠴࠶ࡊ඙࿑㧙 ࿾᷷

ࡑࠨ࿯඙࿾ਅ EO ߩᣣセᏅ㪊㪇ⓨ㓗ࠍ᦭ߔࠆࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣ᧚߇᦭ലߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ႎ๔㧔㘵Ⴆࠄ 2003 ߆ࠄ㧘⦼߿ࡑࠨ࿯ࠃࠅⓨ㓗߇ᄙ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ࠴࠶ࡊ߇ࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆಣℂ඙ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘࿾᷷ߩ਄᣹ᛥ೙ߦ઻޿࿯ფ᳓ಽߩ⫳⊒ࠍ㒐޿ߛߎߣߢ࿯ფ᳓ಽ߇଻ᜬߐࠇߚߣផ᷹ߐࠇࠆ㧚߹ߚ 10㧘11 ᦬ߢߪฦ඙ߢ᦭
ᗧᏅ߇಴㔍ߊߥࠅ௑ะ߇ឞ߼ߥ߆ߞߚ߇㧘᳇᷷ߩૐਅ߆ࠄ࿾᷷ߩ਄᣹߇ᛥ೙ߐࠇߚߎߣߦࠃࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ㧚࿯ფ᳓ಽ 㪉㪇‫ࠨࡑޓ‬࿯඙ߢ㧘࿾᷷ߪ 8㧘9 ᦬ߦ࠴࠶ࡊ඙ࠃࠅ߽᦭ᗧߦ㜞޿୯ࠍ␜ߒߚ߇㧘࿯ფ᳓ಽߪ࠴࠶ࡊ඙ߣ߶߷หߓ୯ࠍ␜ߒ㧘᦭ᗧᏅߪߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘ࡑࠨ࿯඙ߩ࿾᷷ߪ਄᣹㪈㪇ߒߚ߇㧘࿯ფ⴫㕙ࠍⵍⷒߔࠆࡑࠨ࿯߇✦߼࿕߹ߞߚߎߣ㨪㪇㨪㪏㪆㪍 㪏㪆㪈㪊 㪏㪆㪉㪇 㪏㪆㪉㪎 㪐㪆㪊 㪐㪆㪈㪇 㪐㪆㪈㪎 㪐㪆㪉㪋 㪈㪇㪆㪈 㪈㪇㪆㪍᷹ቯᣣ࠴࠶ࡊ඙EO
࠴࠶ࡊ඙EO

ࡑࠨ࿯඙EOࡑࠨ࿯඙EO࿑㧙 ࿯ფ᳓ಽߩ⚻ᤨᄌൻήಣℂ඙EOήಣℂ඙EOߢ㧘࿯ფ᳓ಽߩ⫳⊒߇ᛥ೙ߐࠇߚߚ߼ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚‫ޓ‬SPAD ୯ߢߪ㧘ήಣℂ඙߇ઁߩ 2 ඙ࠃࠅ߽Ᏹߦૐ޿୯ࠍ␜ߒߚ߇㧘ߎࠇߪ࿯ფਛߩᩕ㙃⚛ߩๆ෼ߦ㑐ߒߡኻ⽎ᧁߣᩣరߩ⦼߇┹วߒ㧘ઁߩ 2 ඙ࠃࠅ߽ኻ⽎ᧁ߇ๆ෼ߢ߈ࠆᩕ㙃⚛㊂߇ᷫዋߒߚߚ߼ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚࠴࠶ࡊ඙ߣࡑ‫ޓ‬એ਄ߩὐࠃࠅ㧘೻ቯᨑ⪲ࠍ೑↪ߒߚ࠙࠶࠼࠴࠶ࡊߩࡑࠨ࿯඙ߢߪ㧘ਔ඙ߣ߽ήಣℂ඙ࠃࠅ᦭ᗧߦ㜞޿࿯ფ᳓ಽ࡞࠴ࡦࠣ᧚ߣߒߡߩᬀᩱ᮸ᧁߦ෸߷ߔലᨐ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ㧚଻ᜬലᨐࠍ᦭ߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ߘࠇࠄߩലᨐ߇ SPAD ୯ࠍ㜞੹ᓟߘࠇࠄ߇࿖༡౏࿦ౝߩ೻ቯᨑ⪲ߩ೑↪ଦㅴߦ❬߇ࠆ޿୯ߢ⛽ᜬߐߖߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ࠃߞߡ㧘࠴ߎߣࠍᦼᓙߔࠆ㧚࠶ࡊߣࡑࠨ࿯ߩ଻᳓ലᨐߪ SPAD ୯ߩ⛽ᜬߦ߽❬߇ࠆߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ㧚⻢ㄉ‫ޓ‬శวᚑ⢻ߢߪ㧘8，9 ᦬ߩ Pmax ߩૐਅ₸ߢ㧘࠴࠶ࡊ඙‫⎇ᧄޓ‬ⓥࠍㅴ߼ࠆߦ޽ߚࠅ㧘ᣉᎿߦᓮදജࠍ㗂߈߹ߒߚ߇ઁߩ 2 ඙ࠃࠅ߽ዊߐ߆ߞߚ㧚Pmax ߪ㧘࿾᷷ߩᄌേ᏷߇

᷆〝᥊ⷰ࿦⧓ቇᩞߩ⊝᭽㧘ታ㛎߿ࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣߦᓮදജࠍ

ᄢ߈޿ߣૐਅߔࠆߣ޿߁ႎ๔㧔㜞ᯅ 1982 ߿࿯ფ᳓ಽ᧦ઙ㗂߈߹ߒߚ࿖༡᣿⍹ᶏጽ౏࿦ߩ⊝᭽㧘࿖༡ᤘ๺⸥ᔨ౏࿦ߩᖡൻߣଏߦૐਅߔࠆߣ޿߁ႎ๔㧔ਃቛࠄ 2003 ߇޽ࠆ㧚ߩ⊝᭽ߦ㧘ߎߩ႐ࠍ୫ࠅߡᔃࠃࠅᓮ␞↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ㧚࿯ფ᳓ಽߢߪ㧘࠴࠶ࡊ඙ߣࡑࠨ࿯඙ߪ߶߷หߓ୯ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘࿾᷷ߩᄌേ᏷ߩᜰᮡߣߥࠆᣣセᏅߢߪ㧘࠴࠶ᒁ↪ᢥ₂ࡊ඙߇ࡑࠨ࿯඙ࠃࠅ߽᦭ᗧߦ቟ቯߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐ߇㘵Ⴆᐽ㓶࡮Ⴆ↰✍ሶ࡮⮮ේት↵㧔2003 ᡰᩇ෸߮ࡑ࡞࠴ࡦ

࠴࠶ࡊ඙ߩ Pmax ߩૐਅ₸ᛥ೙ߦ❬߇ߞߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ㧚ߚࠣ᧚ߩലᨐߦ㑐ߔࠆታ㛎⊛ᬌ⸛㧚ᣣᧄ✛ൻᎿቇળ⹹ 29ߛߒ㧘Pmax ࠍ᷹ቯߒߚࠨࡦࡊ࡞ᢙߪฦ඙ 3 ᧄߛߌߢ޽ࠆ㧔1 㧘277-280

ߚ߼㧘ࠃࠅ᣿⏕ߥ Pmax ߩ௑ะࠍᛠីߔࠆߦߪ㧘੹ᓟߐࠄ⟤ỚᎹᕺሶ㧔1998 ೻ቯᨑ⪲☳⎈࠴࠶ࡊߩᢝ߈ߥࠄߒ߇࿯ߦᄙߊߩࠨࡦࡊ࡞ᢙࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ᷹ቯ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ㧚ფߣᬀ‛૕ߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㧚ㇺᏒ౏࿦ 143㧘‫ޓ‬એ਄ߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘࠴࠶ࡊࠍࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣ᧚ߣߒߡ૶↪ߔ

81-86ࠆߎߣߢ㧘࿾᷷ᄌേ✭๺ലᨐ߿㧘࿾᷷਄᣹ᛥ೙ߦࠃࠆ࿯ਃቛ⧷િ࡮ጤየ๺຦࡮਄㐷ᵗ਽࡮⚦ᐔᱜੱ࡮⩲੗᥍㓶㧔2003ფ᳓ಽ଻ᜬലᨐ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇ㧘ߘࠇࠄߩലᨐ߇ SPAD ୯߿ᨐታ⢈ᄢᦼߦ߅ߌࠆ᳓ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ߇࠙ࡔ ‘ ධ㜞 ’ ߩ᮸૕߅శวᚑ⢻ࠍ⦟ᅢߦ⛽ᜬߒ㧘⚿ᨐ⊛ߦᬀ‛ߩ↢⢒ࠍஜోߦࠃ߮ᨐታߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀㧚࿦⧓ቇળ㔀⹹ 72 Ꮞ೎ౠ 2㧘334㧚

଻ߟലᨐࠍ᦭ߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ਃቛື਽࡮Ⴧ↰ବੑ㧔2004 ࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣߩ᧚⾰೎ᕈ⢻⹜㛎ᣣᧄ✛ൻᎿቇળ⹹ 30㧔1 㧘305-306

㧡㧚࠴࠶ࡊߩ೑↪ଦㅴߦะߌߡ

㜞ᯅ㇌⑲㧔1982 ࠻࠼ࡑ࠷㧘ࠕࠞࠛ࠱ࡑ࠷⧣ᧁߩశวᚑㅦ

‫⎇ᧄޓ‬ⓥߢ⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ࠴࠶ࡊߩࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣߩ࿯ფ᳓ಽ଻ᐲߦਈ߃ࠆ᳓ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߣ࿾᷷ᄌേߩᓇ㗀㧚ᣣᧄᨋቇળ⹹ᜬലᨐࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߣ㧘ቯᦼ⊛ߦẑ᳓ߒߡ޿ࠆ⃻႐ߢߪ㧘

64㧔3 㧘79-86㧚࠴࠶ࡊߩᣉ↪ߦࠃࠅ㧘ẑ᳓㗫ᐲࠍᓥ᧪ࠃࠅਅߍߡ߽᮸ᧁ↢⢒߇ஜోߦ⛽ᜬߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ㧚࠴࠶ࡊߩࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣߦࠃࠅἠ᳓ߩ㗫ᐲࠍᷫࠄߔߎߣ߇น⢻ߥࠄ߫㧘࠴࠶ࡊࠍ೑↪ߔࠆ㓙㧘⵾ㅧ⾌߿ੱઙ⾌ߥߤߩೋᦼ⾌↪ߪ⊒↢ߔࠆ߇㧘ߘߩᓟߩἠ᳓ߦⷐߔࠆ⛽ᜬ▤ℂ⾌ߪᛥ߃ࠄࠇࠆߩߢ㧘㐳ᦼ⊛ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄ⷗ࠇ߫㧘ࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣࠍᣉߒߚᣇ߇✚૕⊛ߥࠦࠬ࠻߇ᛥ߃ࠄࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ㧚࠴࠶ࡊߩ೑↪߇ㅴ߹ߥ޿ߩߪ㧘ౕ૕⊛ߥ೑↪ലᨐ߇᣿⏕ߢߥ޿਄ߦ㧘࠴࠶ࡊࠍ೑↪ߔࠆ㓙㧘ੱઙ⾌߇⊒↢ߔࠆߚ߼ߣ޿߁ ࿖༡ᤘ๺⸥ᔨ౏࿦㧘⑳ା 㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⚿ᨐߪ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫࠍᛂ㐿ߔࠆ♻ญߦߥࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ㧚㧢߹ߣ߼‫⎇ᧄޓ‬ⓥߢߪ࠴࠶ࡊߩࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣ᧚ߩലᨐߣߒߡ㧘࿾᷷਄᣹ᛥ೙ലᨐ㧘࿾᷷ᄌേ✭๺ലᨐ㧘࿯ფ᳓ಽ଻ᜬലᨐ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ㧚ߘࠇࠄߩലᨐ߇㧘ᬀᩱ᮸ᧁߩ SPAD ୯ߣPmax ࠍ⦟ᅢߦ⛽ᜬߔࠆ⚿ᨐࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚㜞ᯅノ᣽࡮દ⮮ᪧ⟤࡮ਃᤊ㓁౏࡮᪀ේ⨒࡮ᵻ㊁⟵ੱ࡮ዊᨋ㆐᣿㧔2001 ᬀ‛ᕈ⊒↢᧚ߩᢝ߈ߥࠄߒ߇⧣ᧁߩ↢⢒ߩ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀㧚ᣣᧄ✛ൻᎿቇળ⹹ 27㧔1 㧘320-323㜞㆙㆐਽㧔2005 ㇺᏒ౏࿦ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ߦޠ࡞ࠢࠗࠨ࡝ߩ✛ޟ‬ߟ޿ߡ㧚✛ߩ⺒ᧄࠪ࡝࡯࠭ 27㧘8-12
ᩉේቄ᣿㧔2005 ౏࿦✛࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆ✛ߩ࡝ࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߩേะ✛ߩ⺒ᧄࠪ࡝࡯࠭ 27㧘2-7