౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹฏ੒ 27 ೥ 11 ݄ 20 ೔ൃߦʢ೥ 3 ճൃߦʣɹত࿨ 45 ೥ 7 ݄ 31 ೔ɹֶज़‫ߦץ‬෺ঝೝ
ɹɹ

ISSN 0387-6012

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ
Journal of the Japanese Society of Soil Physics

ୈ 131 ߸2015 ೥ 11 ݄౔৕෺ཧֶձ
Japanese Society of Soil Physics

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ
ୈ 131 ߸ɹ 2015 ೥ 11 ݄໨ɹ࣍‫ר‬಄‫ݴ‬

औग़৳෉

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1

‫ؾ‬৅ · ౔৕‫؍‬ଌσʔλͱ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ΛϦϯΫͨ͠೶஍ ICT ϞχλϦϯάͷ
༗ޮੑ — ߴྫྷ஍Ωϟϕπാʹ͓͚Δղੳࣄྫখౡ༔‫ࡾ · ش‬ੴਖ਼Ұ · ߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউ
ɹ

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5

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15

ߥੜल‫ · ل‬പᔹୢত · ҆ా߂๏

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23

த઒ɹ‫ॾ · ܒ‬ઘར࢚

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29

౻ೄࠀ೭

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31

ླྀ‫ٿ‬ੴփ‫ؠ‬Λଳਫ૚ͱͨ͠Ԙਫ৵ೖ્ࢭ‫ܕ‬஍ԼμϜͷஷཹҬʹ͓͚Δ࢒ཹԘਫմͷ෼෍ͱ‫ڍ‬ಈ٢ຊपฏ · ౔‫݈ݪ‬༤ · ന‫ · ࢤࠀض‬ੴాɹ૱

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37

ؔɹউण

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45

ஜࢵೋ࿠

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59

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ձ຿ใࠂɹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

67

ฤू‫هޙ‬ɹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72

࿦ɹจ

5TE ηϯαʔΛ༻͍ͨ௡೾ඃ֐Λड͚࣭ͨ࠭ാͷ౔৕ EC ϞχλϦϯά
‫ٶ‬ຊًਔ · ُࢁ޾࢘ · ‫ · ྑ޾ాؠ‬Ԙ໺ོ߂୷ਫԼͷਫాද૚౔ʹ͓͚Δଠཅޫͷಁաੑͱશ஠ૉྔͷมಈಛूɿ࠷ۙͷ஍Լਫ‫ڀݚ‬ղઆ஍൫ͷ೤఻ಋ཰Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬ͷͨΊͷଟ߲઴ۙղΛ༻͍ͨ‫ٯ‬ղੳ๏‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτ‫ݹ‬యΛಡΉ
L.E. Allison ஶ ʮ௕‫ਁظ‬ಁʹ͓͚Δඍੜ෺͕౔৕ͷಁਫੑʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫ڹ‬ʯࠃࡍ౔৕೥ಛू
౔ཻࢠ
Րछ — ౔৕෺ཧֶ΁ͷಓ —౔৕෺ཧ͔Βᕲᕱഉਫɼᕲᕱഉਫ͔Β౔৕෺ཧ౔৕ͷதʹ‫ͨݟ‬খӉ஦

தଜެਓ
৿ɹ໵ੇࢤ

ࢿɹྉ
JpGU2015 ೥େձηογϣϯʮྲྀҬͷਫ‫ͼٴ‬෺࣭ͷ༌ૹͱ॥‫ྲྀݯ — ؀‬Ҭ͔ΒԊ‫؛‬Ҭ·Ͱ —ʯ։࠵ใࠂ খྛ੓޿ · த԰ᚸ࢘ · ᜊ౻ޫ୅ · খ໺ࣉਅҰ ·஌๺࿨‫ · ٱ‬ೖ໺ஐ‫ · ٱ‬٢઒লࢠ · Ԟా ঢදࢴࣸਅͷઆ໌
ԭೄຊౡೆ෦஍۠ʢԭೄ‫ࢳݝ‬ຬࢢ · ീॏ੉ொʣͰ͸ɺ2005 ೥‫ྃ׬‬ͷࠃӦࣄ‫ʹۀ‬Αͬͯ 2 ‫ج‬ͷ஍ԼμϜ͕‫ݐ‬ઃ͞Εͨɽ͜ͷࣄ‫֬Ͱۀ‬อ͞Εͨਫ‫ʹݯ‬Αͬͯʮਫ͋Γ೶‫ۀ‬ʯ͕࣮‫͞ݱ‬Εɼ࠷ۙͰ͸χϯδϯ΍ΩΫͳͲͷ࠿ഓ΋੝Μͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɽࣄ‫ʹ࣌ۀ‬஍࣭ௐࠪͷͨΊʹ۷࡟͞ΕͨϘʔϦϯά޸͕‫؍‬ଌ޸ͱͯ͠อଘ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
͜ͱ͔Βɼ͜ΕΒΛ༻͍ͯ஍ԼμϜʹஷཹ͞Εͨ஍ԼਫͷਫҐ΍ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓Λଌఆͨ͠ɽࠓ߸‫ࡌܝ‬ͷ٢ຊΒͷ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτʮླྀ‫ٿ‬ੴփ‫ؠ‬Λଳਫ૚ͱͨ͠Ԙਫ৵ೖ્ࢭ‫ܕ‬஍ԼμϜͷஷཹҬʹ͓͚Δ࢒ཹԘਫմͷ෼෍ͱ‫ڍ‬ಈʯΛ͝ࢀর͍ͩ͘͞ɽ
ࠃࡍ౔৕೥ࠃࡍ౔৕೥ͷԠԉʹදࢴʹϩΰΛ‫ͨ͠·͠ࡌܝ‬ɽࠓ߸‫ࡌܝ‬ͷࠃࡍ౔৕೥ಛूΛ͝ࢀরԼ͍͞ɽ

ୈ 13 ճʢ 2015 ೥౓ʣ౔৕෺ཧֶձʢ࿦จ৆ʣબߟ݁Ռ
౔৕෺ཧֶձɹֶձ৆બߟҕһձҕһ௕ɹߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউֶձ৆બߟҕһձͱͯ͠Լ‫ه‬ͷ࿦จΛ࿦จ৆ͱͯ͠;͞Θ͍͠ͱܾఆ͠·ͨ͠ɽ1ɽླ໦ɹࠀ୓ɹɹʢ೶‫ߏػݚ‬ɹதԝ೶‫ۀ‬૯߹‫ڀݚ‬ηϯλʔʣେ໺ɹɹஐɹɹʢ೶‫ߏػݚ‬ɹதԝ೶‫ۀ‬૯߹‫ڀݚ‬ηϯλʔʣ୩ຊɹɹַɹɹʢ೶‫ߏػݚ‬ɹதԝ೶‫ۀ‬૯߹‫ڀݚ‬ηϯλʔɼ‫ݱ‬೶‫ߏػݚ‬ɹ೶ଜ޻ֶ‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣ

2ɽର৅࿦จ
ଟઇॏ೪౔஍ଳͷ஍ԼਫҐ੍‫ޚ‬γεςϜะ৔ʹ͓͚Δෆߞ‫ ى‬V ߔ௚೻ਫҴ – ౙ࡞େഴ – େ
౾ 2 ೥ 3 ࡞ମ‫ܥ‬ԼͰͷਫ · ஠ૉ · Ϧϯ · ‫ݒ‬୙෺࣭ͷྲྀग़, ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ, ୈ 127 ߸, p.19–29,

2014.
3ɽਪનཧ༝
ຊ‫ڀݚ‬͸ɼଟઇ஍ଳͰ͋Δ๺཮஍ํͷ೪౔࣭౔৕ͷ஍ԼਫҐ੍‫ޚ‬γεςϜʢFOEASʣะ৔ʹ͓͍ͯɼਫҴ – ౙ࡞େഴ – Ն࡞େ౾ͷ 2 ೥ 3 ࡞‫ؒظ‬ͷਫɼ஠ૉɼϦϯ͓Αͼ‫ݒ‬୙෺࣭ͷྲྀग़࣮ଶ͓Αͼ஍ԼਫҐ੍‫ྲྀ͕ޚ‬ग़ʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫ڹ‬Λ࣮‫ݧ‬తʹௐ΂ͨ΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ
஍ԼਫҐ੍‫ʹޚ‬ΑΓɼ‫ס‬૩࣌ʹ͸࡞౔Լ෦ͷମੵ‫্͕཰ؚ‬ঢ͢ΔҰํͰɼ࣪५࣌ʹ͸҉‫ڎ‬ͷഉਫੑ͕௿Լ͢Δ͜ͱΛ໌Β͔ʹͨ͠ɽ

FOEAS ะ৔ʹ͓͍ͯ௕‫ʹظ‬ΘͨΔϞχλϦϯάΛ·ͱΊͨ࿑࡞ͱͯ͠ධՁͰ͖ɼࠓ‫ޙ‬ෳ਺೥౓ͷσʔλͷੵΈॏͶʹΑΓੈքϨϕϧͷ‫ൃʹڀݚ‬ల͢ΔՄೳੑ͕͋ΔɽҎ্ͷཧ༝ʹΑΓɼର৅࿦จ͸ୈ 13 ճ౔৕෺ཧֶձ৆ʢ࿦จ৆ʣʹ஋͢Δ΋ͷͱೝΊɼ͜͜ʹਪન͢Δ࣍ୈͰ͋Δɽ
ຊ݁Ռ͸ 2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 24 ೔ʹ։࠵͞ΕͨධٞһձͳΒͼʹ૯ձʹͯશձҰகͰঝೝ͞Εɼ૯ձ‫ޙ‬ʹत৆͕ࣜ։࠵͞Ε·ͨ͠ɽୈ 13 ճʢ 2015 ೥౓ʣ౔৕෺ཧֶձʢϙελʔ৆ʣड৆ऀ
౔৕෺ཧֶձɹֶձ৆બߟҕһձҕһ௕ɹߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউ։࠵೔ɿ2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 24 ೔ձ৔ɿ2015 ೥౓౔৕෺ཧֶձେձϙελʔηογϣϯձ৔ʢࠤլࢢɿࠤլେֶຊঙΩϟϯύεɹཧ޻ֶ෦ 6 ߸‫ ؗ‬2 ֊ʣҎԼͷൃද͕ձһ͓ΑͼબߟҕһձʹΑΔ౤ථʹΑΓϙελʔ৆ʹબ͹Ε·ͨ͠ɽ ‫ۀ‬ɹ੷ɿCOSMOS Λར༻ͨ͠೪࣭౔ͷ౔৕ਫ෼‫؍‬ଌஶɹऀɿฏౢ ༤ଠ · ຀໺ ߂थ · ‫ٶ‬ຊ ӳ‫ش‬ ‫ۀ‬ɹ੷ɿArduino ͱ XBee Λ༻͍ͨ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔωοτϫʔΫͷ‫ݕ‬౼ஶɹऀɿᅳ⃻ ߃੒ · ۙ౻ Ұً · େԘ ༔‫ · و‬໺‫୎ ޱ‬࿕ · தౡ ਖ਼‫ · ׮‬ഡౡ ਅ੅ ·ງా ޹೭ · ಙຊ Ո߁ · ‫ٶ‬ຊ ӳ‫ · ش‬ੴ઒ ༸ฏ ‫ۀ‬ɹ੷ɿμΠζ࠿ഓะ৔ʹ͓͚ΔՄೳৠൃࢄʹର͢ΔՄೳৠࢄͷׂ߹ͱ૲ৎͷؔ܎ஶɹऀɿԬ‫୎ ڮ‬࿕ · ࡔҪ উ · औग़ ৳෉ ‫ۀ‬ɹ੷ɿ஍தᕲᕱʹ͓͚Δ౔৕ਫ෼෼෍ͱফඅਫྔͷධՁ
ஶɹऀɿ⅓ా ߞ༎ · ‫ · ͑ͣ͜ ࡟ٷ‬Ѩೆ ޫ੓ · ฏ઒ ߊ · ྇ ঵೭ ‫ۀ‬ɹ੷ɿ౔தਫ෼มԽ͔Βਪఆͨ͠μΠζࠜͷ‫ٵ‬ਫ଎౓෼෍ͱ‫ס‬૩ετϨεஶɹऀɿ੒ໟ ઍਘ · ࡔҪ উ · औग़ ৳෉ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ౤ߘ‫ن‬ఆͷվਖ਼ʹ͍ͭͯ౔৕෺ཧֶձࣄ຿‫ · ہ‬ಉฤूҕһձ

2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 24 ೔ʹ։࠵͞Εͨ౔৕෺ཧֶձ૯ձʹ͓͍ͯɼʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ౤ߘ‫ن‬ఆͷվਖ਼͕ܾఆ͞Ε·ͨ͠ɽ
౔৕෺ཧֶձͰ͸ɼ2013 ೥ 5 ݄ʹֶձϗʔϜϖʔδΛ࡮৽ͯ͠Ҏདྷɼձࢽʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ‫ܝ‬ࡌ‫ࣄه‬ͷެ։ͳͲɼ༷ʑͳֶձαʔϏεͷిࢠԽΛࢼߦɼஞ࣍վળͯ͠ࢀΓ·ͨ͠ɽࠓൠͷվਖ਼͸ɼ͜͏ͨ͠αʔϏεͷਖ਼ࣜӡ༻΍ɼެ։࿦จ౳΁ͷΦʔϓϯΞΫηε੍౓ͷಋೖʹରԠ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͢ɽຊվਖ਼͸ 2015 ೥ 11 ݄ 20 ೔Ҏ߱ʹ౤ߘ͞ΕΔ‫ʹߘݪ‬ద༻͍ͨ͠·͢ɽձһ֤Ґʹ͓͔Ε·ͯ͠͸ɼ͝ঝ஌͓͖͍͚ͨͩ·͢Α͏͓‫͍ئ‬ਃ্͛͠·͢ɽʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ౤ߘ‫ن‬ఆͷվਖ਼ʹ൐͏৽‫چ‬ରԠදվਖ਼෦෼͸ΞϯμʔϥΠϯͰ‫ࡌه‬ʢվਖ਼೔ɿ2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 24 ೔ʣ‫ݱ‬ɹߦվਖ਼‫∗ ޙ‬10. ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͨ࿦จ౳͸౔৕෺ཧֶձϗʔϜϖʔδ্ʹ΋‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δɽ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτɼ૯આɼղઆɼࢿྉɼߨ࠲ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼ‫ޙߦൃࢽࡌܝ‬Ұ೥ؒ͸౔৕෺ཧֶձһͷΈ͕ӾཡͰ͖Δɽͨͩ͠ɼ
ஶऀ͸ΦʔϓϯΞΫηεʢ50,000 ԁɿϖʔδ੍‫͠ͳݶ‬ʣΛબ୒͢Δ͜ͱͰɼϗʔϜϖʔδ‫ࡌܝ‬௚‫͔ޙ‬Β୭΋͕ӾཡՄೳͳঢ়ଶͱ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ

10. ຊࢽʹ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͨ‫ߘݪ‬ͷஶ࡞‫ݖ‬͸౔৕෺ཧֶձʹ‫ؼ‬ଐ͢Δɽ
ʢ2012.12.20 վਖ਼ʣ∗ 1 ∼ 9 ʹ͍ͭͯ͸‫ߦݱ‬௨Γ

11. ຊࢽʹ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͨ࿦จ౳ͷஶ࡞‫ݖ‬͸౔৕෺ཧֶձʹ‫ؼ‬ଐ͢Δɽ
ʢ2015.10.24 վਖ਼ʣిࢠ෇࿥ͷࢼߦʹ͍ͭͯ౔৕෺ཧֶձࣄ຿‫ہ‬౔৕෺ཧֶձͰ͸ɼ࿦จ౳ͷిࢠ෇࿥ʢΦϯϥΠϯͰͷΈެ։͢Δิ଍ࢿྉʣͷ‫ݕ‬౼ΛਐΊ͍ͯ
·͢ɽ2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 24 ೔ʹ։࠵͞Εͨ౔৕෺ཧֶձ૯ձʹ͓͍ͯɼͦͷํ਑ʹ͍ͭͯೝΊΒΕ·ͨ͠ɽిࢠ෇࿥ͷࢼߦ‫ؒظ‬ʢ1 ∼ 2 ೥Λ༧ఆʣʹೖΓ·͢ͷͰ͓஌Βͤ͠·͢ɽͲ͏ͧੵ‫ۃ‬తʹ͝‫༻׆‬͍ͩ͘͞ɽ· Ӿಡ͸ిࢠ෇࿥Λʠ‫ؚ‬Ίͳ͍ʡ‫ʹߘݪ‬ରͯ͠ߦΘΕ·͢· ిࢠ෇࿥‫رࡌܝ‬๬ऀ͸ɼ౤ߘ͋Δ͍͸Ӿಡ‫ʹؒظ‬ฤूҕһʹ͍ࣔͯͩ͘͠͞ɽ· ࢼߦ‫ؒظ‬͸ແྉͰ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Ε·͢ɽࢼߦ‫ؒظ‬தʹແྉ/༗ྉʹ͍ͭͯ‫ݕ‬౼ΛਐΊ·͢ɽࣄ຿‫Ͱہ‬͸ɼిࢠ෇࿥ʹ͍ͭͯͷ͝ҙ‫ݟ‬Λืू͓ͯ͠Γ·͢ɽ͝ҙ‫͝ · ݟ‬ཁ๬౳ spsyomu@ml.affrc.go.jp ʹ͓‫͍ͩͤ͘͞د‬ɽ

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 131, p.1 ∼ p.4 (2015)

Nielsen ത࢜ͱ van Genuchten ത࢜ͱͷग़ձ͍औग़ɹ৳෉ 1ૣ͍΋ͷͰ౔৕෺ཧ‫ڀݚ‬ͷಓʹೖͬͯɼ30 ೥Λ௒͑Δࡀ݄͕ա͗ͨɽͦͷؒͷࣗ෼ͷୡ੒౓Λߟ͑Δͱಓ൒͹ͷࣄ͹͔ΓͰஏ͔͍ͣ͠‫ݶ‬ΓͰ͋ΔɽͨͩɼৼΓฦΔͱ͍Ζ͍Ζͳํʑͱͷग़ձ͍ʹ‫ٹ‬ΘΕɼ༷ʑͳ͝ࢦಋΛ௖͍ͨɽ͓
ੈ࿩௖͍ͨଟ͘ͷօ͞Μʹ͸ɼ‫ँײ‬ͷ‫Ͱͪ࣋ؾ‬ҰഋͰ͋Δɽͦͷͳ͔Ͱ΋ Donald R. Nielsen ത͔࢜Β Martinus Th.

van Genuchten ത࢜ʢҎԼɼ͓ೋਓ͸ത࢜͸লུʣΛ঺հͯ͠௖͖ɼU.S. Salinity LaboratoryʢUSSLʣͷϙευΫ‫ݚ‬‫ڀ‬һͷ‫ػ‬ձΛಘ͔ͯΒ‫ࢸʹࡏݱ‬Δ·Ͱɼ͓ೋਓʹ͸ଟ͘Λֶ͹ͤͯ௖͍ͨɽຊ೥౓͸ɼࠃࡍ౔৕೥ಛूʮͳͥ౔৕෺
ཧͷಓʹ଍Λ౿ΈೖΕͨͷ͔ʁʯͱͯ͠օ͞Μ͔Βྗͷ͜΋ͬͨ౤ߘΛ௖͍͍ͯΔɽNielsen ͱ van Genuchten ͷ͓ೋਓͷ౔৕෺ཧͷੈք΁ͷߩ‫ݙ‬͸प஌ͷࣄ࣮ͱ͸ࢥ͏͕ɼࢲ͕͓ೋਓͱͷؔΘΓΛ௨ֶͯ͠͹ͤͯ௖͍ͨ͜ͱΛɼੋඇօ͞Μʹ΋఻͍͑ͨͱߟ͑ͨ࣍ୈͰ͋Δɽஶ໊ͳ͓ೋਓͳͷͰΤϐιʔυ΋ଟ্͍ɼಛूʹॻ͍ͯ௖͍ͨօ͞Μͷྗ࡞ʹ΋ܹࢗ͞Εɼ௨ৗͷ‫ר‬಄‫ݴ‬ΑΓ௕͘ͳΔ͜ͱΛ͓‫͠ڐ‬௖͖͍ͨɽͳ͓ɼҾ༻ͨ͠จ‫ݙ‬͸ͲΕ΋‫͢ࡧݕ‬Ε͹༰қʹৄࡉͳ৘ใ͸ಘΒΕΔͷͰจ‫ݙ‬Ϧετ͸লུͤͯ͞௖͘.
·ͣɼ͓ೋਓͷུྺͱओͳ‫ڀݚ‬Λ঺հ͢ΔɽNielsen ͸ Tucson ͷ Arizona େֶͷֶ෦Ͱ౔৕Խֶɼम࢜Ͱ౔৕ඍੜ
෺ΛֶΜͩɽͦͷ‫ ޙ‬Iowa भཱେֶͷത࢜՝ఔʹਐΈɼDon Kirkham ത࢜ͷࢦಋΛड͚ͯ౔৕෺ཧ‫ڀݚ‬ͷಓʹೖͬͨɽത࢜औಘ‫ޙ‬ͷ 1958 ೥ʹ UC Davis ͷॿ‫ڭ‬ɼ10 ೥‫ڭʹޙ‬तͱͳΓɼUC Davis ͷ‫ڭ‬һͱͯ͠౔৕෺ཧͷ‫ڭͱڀݚ‬ҭʹਚྗ͞Εͨɽୀ৬‫ޙ‬ͷ‫Ͱࡏݱ‬΋༷ʑͳ৔໘Ͱ͝‫׆‬༂Ͱ͋Δɽࣗ͝਎ͷ‫ڀݚ‬͸ஸೡͳ࣮‫ͱݧ‬࿦ཧతͳղੳ͕ಛ௃Ͱɼ1960೥୅Ͱ͸ɼ༹࣭Ҡಈͷ Nielsen and Biggerʢ1961ʣͱͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷҰ࿈ͷ࿦จ͸༗໊Ͱ͋Δɽ͓ͦΒ͘ɼ౔தͷ༹࣭෼ࢄ‫ݱ‬৅ͷଌఆσʔλʹରͯ͠Ҡྲྀ෼ࢄࣜʢCDEʣʹΑΓղੳΛߦͬͨ࠷ॳͷ࿦จͰ͋Γɼ౔ཻࢠ΁ͷ‫ٵ‬ணͷޮՌͳͲ΋‫ؚ‬Ίͯ౔தͷ༹࣭ҠಈΛ‫ܥ‬౷తʹ࿦ͨ͡ɽ1970 ೥୅Ҏ߱͸ะ৔ͷෆ‫ۉ‬Ұੑͷ‫ʹڀݚ‬औΓ૊ΈɼεέʔϦϯάཧ࿦ͳͲ౷‫ܭ‬తख๏Λ౔৕෺ཧͷੈքʹಋೖͨ͠ɽNielsen ͸Ұ࿈ͷ‫ڀݚ‬Λ௨ͯ͠ɼPeter Wierenga ത࢜ɼRobert Horton ത࢜Βଟ͘ͷ‫ऀڀݚ‬Λҭ͍ͯͯΔɽҰํ van Genuchten ͸ɼΦϥϯμͷ Wageningen େֶͷֶ෦ɼम࢜ͰᕲᕱഉਫΛֶͼɼͦͷ‫͠ޙ‬͹Β͘ΞϑϦΧͷ೶‫ۀ‬։ൃࣄ‫Ͱۀ‬ಇ͍ͨ‫ޙ‬ɼNew Mexico भཱେֶʹ͓͍ͯ Wierenga ത࢜ͷࢦಋͰ 1975 ೥ʹത࢜Λऔಘͨ͠ɽ
van Genuchten ʹ͝ࢦಋ௖͍ͨࢲ͸ɼNielsen ͔Β‫ݟ‬Ε͹ͻଙͷΑ͏ͳଘࡏͰ͋ΔɽͪͳΈʹ Wierenga ത࢜ͱ van
Genuchten ͸͓ೋਓͱ΋Φϥϯμग़਎Ͱɼ‫͍ͳ͔෇͕ؾ‬৔߹͕ଟ͍͕ɼ౔৕෺ཧʹ͸ΞϝϦΧࡏॅͷΦϥϯμͷํ͸ଟ͍ɽത࢜࿦จͰ͸ɼஂཻߏ଄Λ࣋ͭ౔ͷ༹࣭Ҡಈʹରͯ͠τϦν΢ϜΛτϨʔαʔͱͨ͠ஸೡͳ࣮‫ݧ‬Λߦ͍ɼੴ༉޻ֶͷ෼໺Ͱ Coats and Smithʢ1964ʣʹΑͬͯఏҊ͞Εͨඇฏߧ CDE ͱͯ͠Ґஔ͚ͮΒΕΔಈ૬ · ෆಈ૬ʢmobile-immobileʣϞσϧΛ༻͍ͯղੳͨ͠ʢvan Genuchten and Wierenga, 1976ʣɽࢲͷ஌Δ‫ݶ‬Γ van Genuchten ࣗ਎͕ߦͬͨ࠷ॳͰ࠷‫ޙ‬ͷ࣮‫͋Ͱݧ‬Δ͕ɼ࣮‫ٕݧ‬ज़ʹ௕͚ͨ Wierenga ത࢜ͱ႓ா໘ͳ van Genuchten ͷಛ௃ͷྑ͘ग़ͨ‫͋Ͱڀݚ‬Δɽಈ૬ · ෆಈ૬ϞσϧͷղੳղΛධՁ͢ΔϓϩάϥϜ͸‫ ʹޙ‬USSL ͔Βެ։͞Εɼ͞Βʹࢲ͕ CXTFITͱͯ͠औΓ૊ΜͩϓϩάϥϜͷ‫ͨͬͳͱܕݪ‬ɽത࢜ऴྃ‫ޙ‬͸ɼ஍ԼਫྲྀΕͷϞσϦϯάͷ‫ݖ‬ҖͰ͋Δ Princeton େֶͷ George Pinder ത࢜ͷ΋ͱͰϙευΫ‫ڀݚ‬һͱͯ͠ෆ๞࿨ਫ෼ҠಈϞσϧʹऔΓ૊Μͩɽ͜ͷͱ͖ਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͱෆ๞࿨ಁਫ܎਺Λද‫͢ݱ‬Δؔ਺Λ·ͱΊͨ࿦จ
͕ɼvan Genuchten-Mualem model ͱͯ͠Ҿ༻͞ΕΔ van Genuchtenʢ1980ʣͰ͋Δɽ͜ͷ࿦จ͸ඃҾ༻ճ਺͕ 1 ສ୆Ͱ͋ΓɼਫจֶʢHydrologyʣͷ෼໺ʹ͓͍ͯଞͷ࿦จΛେ͖͘Ҿ͖཭ͯ͠τοϓͰ͋Δɽ͜ͷ࿦จͷධՁ͸෼͔Ε
Δͱ͜ΖͰ͋Δ͕ɼຊਓ͸ɼडཧ͞ΕΔ͔ࣗ৴ͷͳ͔ͬͨ࿦จͰ͋ͬͨͱ࿩͍ͯͨ͠ɽຊࢽ 106 ߸ͷখਿ‫ݡ‬Ұ࿕͞ΜʹΑΔʮ‫ݹ‬యΛಡΉʯΛࢀߟʹͯ͠ɼMualem ͷ࿦จͱൺֱ‫ݕ‬౼ͯ͠ಡΜͰ௖͖͍ͨɽࢲ͸ɼvan Genuchten Β͍͠ஸೡͳऔΓ·ͱΊ͕ஶऀͷ༧ଌΛ͸Δ͔ʹ௒͑ͨ݁ՌΛੜΜͩͷͩͱࢥ͏ɽvan Genuchten ͸ͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼUSSL ͷ‫ڀݚ‬һͱͳΓɼࢲΛ‫ؚ‬Ίͨଟ͘ͷϙευΫ‫ڀݚ‬һΒͱਫ෼ · ༹࣭ҠಈϞσϧΛத৺ͱͨ͠‫ڀݚ‬ΛਐΊͨɽ਺೥લʹୀ৬͞Εɼ‫ࡏݱ‬͸ϒϥδϧʹࡏॅ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ

Nielsen ͷಛච͢΂͖఺͸ɼ1970 ೥୅͔Β 30 ೥Ҏ্ɼ౔৕෺ཧ‫ڀݚ‬ͷϦʔμʔͱͯ͠ͷத৺తͳ໾ׂΛՌͨͨ͜͠
ͱͰ͋Δɽ1949 ೥ʹ Utah भཱେֶͷ Sterling Taylor ത࢜ͱ Washington भཱେֶͷ Walter Gardner ത࢜ʹΑͬͯ࢝ΊΒΕͨ Western Regional Soil Physics Technical Committee ͱ͍͏౔৕෺ཧֶऀͷ‫ڀݚ‬άϧʔϓ͕͋ΓɼNielsen ͸
1 ࡾॏେֶେֶӃੜ෺ࢿ‫ڀݚֶݯ‬Պ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)

2

1958 ೥͔ΒࢀՃ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜ͷάϧʔϓ͸ɼҰ೥ʹҰ౓‫͕ऀڀݚ‬Ұಉʹձ͠ɼ࿦จͱͯ͠·ͱΊΔલͷ৽͍͠ΞΠσΞΛࣗ༝ʹٞ࿦͢Δ৔ͱͯ͠‫ࡏݱ‬΋‫ܧ‬ଓ͍ͯ͠ΔɽNielsen ͸ɼ͜ͷάϧʔϓͷྺ࢙Λ‫ͨ͠ه‬จষͷதͰIt was better to share a new idea even before completing a theoretical or experimental proof than to keep it
a secret and only later realize that it was worthless or already done by somebody else.
ͱॻ͍͍ͯΔɽNielsen Β͍͠ҰจͰ͋Δɽࢲ΋Կ౓͔ van Genuchten ʹ࿈ΕΒΕͯࢀՃͤͯ͞௖͍͕ͨɼNielsen ͸͍ͭ΋ٞ࿦ͷத৺ʹ͍ͯɼ໷͸ࣗ͝਎ͷϗςϧͷ෦԰ʹօΛ‫ݺ‬ΜͰɼϏʔϧΛҿΈͳ͕Β༷ʑͳٞ࿦Λߦ͍ͬͯͨɽ
ࢲ͸ɼNielsen ͷ໨ࢦͨࣗ͠༝ͳҙ‫׵ަݟ‬ͷงғ‫౔͕ؾ‬৕෺ཧͷ‫ࣾڀݚ‬ձͷ఻౷ͱͯࠜ͠෇͍ͨͷͩͱ‫͍ͯ͡ײ‬Δɽ

1972 ೥ʹ͸ɼNielsen ‫؂‬मʹΑΓ͜ͷάϧʔϓͷ੒Ռͱͯ͠ΞϝϦΧ೶ֶձ͔ΒʮSoil Waterʯ͕ग़൛͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ͜ͷຊʹ͸ஶ໊ͳํʑͷ 11 ໊ͷࣥචऀϦετ͕͋Δ͕ɼͳ͔ͥ୲౰ষ͕ࣔ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ɽάϧʔϓͷूେ੒ͱ͍
͏Ґஔ͚ͮͳͷ͔ͱࢥ͏͕ɼNielsen ͕ࡉ෦͔ΒશମʹࢸΔ·ͰΛऔΓ·ͱΊͨͷ͕ཧ༝Ͱ͸ͳ͍͔ͱ૝૾͞ΕΔɽ
Nielsen ͷ៛ີ͕͞൓ө͞Εͨ‫ݹ‬యతͳ౔৕෺ཧͷूେ੒ͱͯ͠Ґஔ͚ͮΒΕΔ໊ஶͰ͋Δɽੋඇօ͞Μʹ΋ҰಡΛ‫ק‬Ί͍ͨɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼෆ‫ۉ‬Ұੑɼะ৔ʹ͓͚Δ༹࣭Ҡಈ΁ͷ౔৕෺ཧͷൃల͸͜ͷ‫ڀݚ‬άϧʔϓʹΑͬͯ‫ݗ‬Ҿ͞Εͨɽ
·ͨɼ౔৕෺ཧ‫ڀݚ‬ͷൃදͷ৔΋ΞϝϦΧ౔৕ֶձʹՃ͑ͯ American Geophysical UnionʢAGUʣ͕த৺ʹͳΓɼ౔৕෺ཧ͸ɼᕲᕱഉਫͷֶ໰͔ΒਫจֶͷҰ୺Λ୲͏‫ڥ؀‬໰୊ʹର͢Δֶ໰΁ͱൃలͨ͠ɽ͜Ε΋ɼNielsen ͱ͜ͷ‫ݚ‬‫ڀ‬άϧʔϓͷޭ੷Ͱ͋Ζ͏ɽ͜ͷ౔৕෺ཧΛपล෼໺΁ͱൃల͍ͤͯ͘͞౒ྗͷҰ‫ͯ͠ͱ؀‬ɼ2002 ೥ʹ Vadose Zone JournalʢVZJʣ͕‫͞ߦץ‬Εͨɽͦͷ४උ͔Β‫ي‬ಓʹ৐Δ·Ͱͷ 10 ೥ۙ͘ͷ‫ؒظ‬ɼฤू௕Λ‫ۈ‬Ίͨͷ͕ van Genuchten Ͱ͋Δɽ౰࣌ɼࢲ΋ฤूҕһʹՃ͑ͯ௖͍͕ͨɼvan Genuchten ͸͢΂ͯͷ౤ߘ࿦จΛҹ࡮ͯ͠‫ص‬ͷ্ʹฒ΂ͯɼि຤΋ͻͱͭͻͱͭͷ࿦จʹίϝϯτΛॻ͍͍ͯͨͷ͕ҹ৅తͰ͋Δɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼVZJ ͷฤू௕͸ Jan Hopmans ത࢜ɼDani Or ത࢜ɼMichael Youngത࢜΁ͱҾ͖‫͕ܧ‬Ε͍͕ͯ͘ɼVZJ ͷൃల͸ྺ୅ͷฤू௕ͷ௒ਓతͱ΋‫͑ݴ‬Δߩ‫ݙ‬ͷࣀ෺Ͱ͋Δɽ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʹ΋ฤू௕͕࠷ऴ֬ೝ͢Δ఻౷͕͋Δɽࢲ͕ฤू௕Λ຿Ίͤͯ͞௖͍ͯ 3 ೥ʹͳΔ͕ɼ͜Ε͸ͱͯ΋ྑ͍‫׳‬शͩͱࢥ͍

van Genuchten ͷ࢟Λࢥ͍ग़͠ͳ͕ΒऔΓ૊·ͤͯ௖͍ͨɽӾಡऴྃ‫ࠓͥͳʹޙ‬Ұ౓ͷमਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔͷ͔ͱ͝൷൑΋ड͚͕ͨɼଟ͘͸ࢲͷྗෆ଍͕‫ݪ‬ҼͰ͋Γɼ౤ߘ௖͍ͨօ͞Μʹ͝໎࿭Λ͓͔͚ͨ͜͠ͱ͸͜ͷ৔ΛआΓ͓ͯ࿳ͼ͍ͨ͠ɽ͔͠͠ɼద֨ͰಡΈ΍͍͢࿦จ΁ͱ࣭Λ޲্ͤ͞Δ౒ྗֶ͕ձͱͯ͠͸ඞཁͳ͜ͱ͸͝ཧղ௖͚Ε͹ͱࢥ͏ɽͯ͞ɼࢲͱ͓ೋਓͱͷग़ձ͍͸ɼത࢜औಘ‫ʹޙ‬ΞϝϦΧߦ͖Λ໛ࡧ͍ͯ͠Δͱ͖Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ1990 ೥ʹ‫Ͱ౎ژ‬։͔Εͨࠃࡍ౔৕ֶձʹग़੮͢Δ Nielsen ʹ͓ձ͍ͯ͠૬ஊͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɼ঺հ͞Εͨͷ͕ van Genuchten Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ‫͔ޙ‬Βฉ͘ͱࢲΛ‫͏ޏ‬༧ࢉ͸ͳ͔ͬͨͦ͏͕ͩɼஅΓ੾Εͳ͍ੑ֨ͷ van Genuchten ͷਓ৘ຯʹ‫ٹ‬ΘΕɼϙευΫ‫ڀݚ‬һͱ
ͯ͠ 4 ೥ؒɼUSSL Ͱա͢͝‫ػ‬ձΛಘΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽ͜ͷԑ͸ɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷࢲʹͱ͔͚͕ͬͯ͑ͷͳ͍΋ͷͱͳͬͨɽ
ࠓʹͳͬͯࢥ͍ฦͯ͠ΈΔͱɼvan Genuchten Λ঺հͨ͠ͷ͸ Nielsen ͷࢲͷকདྷΛߟ͑ͨ഑ྀͩͬͨ‫ؾ‬΋͍ͯ͠Δɽ
ͳ͓ɼUSSL ͔Β‫ͨ͠ࠃؼ‬௚‫ޙ‬ͷ‫ͪ࣋ؾ‬͸ɼຊࢽ 73 ߸ͷʮ౔ཻࢠʯʹॻ͔ͤͯ௖͍ͨɽ

1991 ೥ʹ USSL ͷ౔৕෺ཧάϧʔϓͷ‫ڀݚ‬һͱͳͬͨͱ͖ɼvan Genuchten ʹ͸ଟ͘ͷਓ͕࢖͑ΔϓϩάϥϜΛ։
ൃ͢Δ͜ͱͷҙٛΛઆ͔Εͨɽ·ͨɼvan Genuchten ͕ HYDRUS ͳͲͷϓϩάϥϜʹର͢Δॳาతͳ໰͍߹Θͤʹରͯ͠ɼ͍ͭ΋࠙੾ஸೡʹ౴͍͑ͯΔ༷ࢠʹ‫͔͞ڻ‬ΕͨɽͦΕ·ͰͷࢲͷৗࣝͰ͸ɼࣗ෼ࣗ਎ͷത࢜࿦จ΋‫ؚ‬Ίͯɼ࣮‫ʹݧ‬ΑΔ‫ݱ‬৅ͷ‫࡯؍‬ɼ෺ཧతͳߟ࡯͔ΒϞσϧͷߏஙɼͦͷ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͱ࣮ଌ஋ͷൺֱʹΑΔϞσϧͷ‫͏͍ͱূݕ‬Ұ࿈ͷྲྀΕ͕‫ͨͬ͋Ͱڀݚ‬ɽ௨ৗɼଟ͘ͷ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ϞσϧͷධՁͷͨΊʹϓϩάϥϜΛ࡞੒͢Δ͕ɼଞਓ͕ར༻͢Δ͜ͱ
΍ɼର৅ͱ͢Δ৚݅Ҏ֎ʹར༻͢Δ͜ͱ͸૝ఆ͠ͳ͍ͷ͕ී௨Ͱ͋ΔɽͦͷͨΊɼ౰ॳ͸࢖ΘΕΔ͜ͱΛલఏͱͨ͠
ϓϩάϥϜ։ൃΛ‫ڀݚ‬ͷҰ‫ͯ͠ͱ؀‬औΓ૊ΉελΠϧʹ‫ށ‬࿭͍΋‫ͨ͡ײ‬ɽࢲ͸ಛఆͷϓϩδΣΫτͰ‫ޏ‬ΘΕ͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨͷͰɼ‫ڀݚ‬ͷςʔϚબͼʹؔͯ͠΋͔ͳΓࣗ༝ͳཱ৔Ͱ͕͋ͬͨɼ݁‫ہ‬ɼલड़ͷඇฏߧ CDE ͷղੳղΛ༻͍ͯ van Genuchten ͱ Jack Parker ത͕࢜࡞੒ͨ͠‫ٯ‬ղੳϓϩάϥϜ CXTFIT Λվྑ͢Δ͜ͱʹͳͬͨɽ͔͠͠ɼࢲࣗ਎͸਺ֶʹ͍ͭͯͷ஌͕ࣝ΄ͱΜͲͳ͍ঢ়ଶͰ͋ͬͨͷͰɼvan Genuchten ͷϊʔτΛ͢΂͓ͯआΓͯ͠͸͡Ί͔Βॻ͖ࣸ͢͜ͱ͔Β࢝Ίͨɽӳ‫ޠ‬΋·ͱ΋ʹग़དྷͳ͍ঢ়ଶͰ͋ͬͨͷͰɼຖ೔ɼனͷਫӭͱன৯Ҏ֎͸΄ͱΜͲ୭ͱ΋࿩͞ͳ͍ੜ‫͕׆‬൒೥΄Ͳଓ͍ͨɽ୯७ͳฏߧ CDE ͷղͷಋग़͔Β࢝Ίͯɼগͣͭ͠ෳࡶͳ৚݅ʹ͍ͭͯͷղΛॻ͖͍ࣸͯ͘͠աఔͰ͋Δ๏ଇੑʹ‫͍͕ͨͭؾ‬ɽͦΕ͸ɼઢ‫ํܗ‬ఔࣜͷղͷॏͶ߹ΘͤͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛ‫ʹޙ‬ͳͬͯ஌ͬͨͷ͕ͩɼษ‫ڧ‬ෆ଍͕޾͍ʢʁʣͯ͠ɼࣗ෼ࣗ਎ͷ‫ݧܦ‬ଇͱͯ͠ղͷॏͶ߹Θͤʹֶ͍ͭͯ΂ͨ͜ͱ͸‫و‬ॏͳମ‫ͨͬͩݧ‬ɽղੳղΛɼ‫ڥ‬ք৚݅ɼॳ‫ظ‬৚݅ɼ༙͖ग़͠৚݅ͷ‫د‬༩෼ʹ෼཭͢Δ͜ͱͰɼ༷ʑͳ৚݅ͷ૊Έ߹Θͤʹରͯ͠ಋ͔Ε͍ͯͨղΛͻͱͭͷදʹ·ͱΊͯίϯύΫτʹࣔ͢͜ͱʹ੒ޭͨ͠ɽCXTFIT ΋ɼ‫ڥ‬ք৚݅ɼॳ‫ظ‬৚݅ɼ༙͖ग़͠৚݅ΛͦΕͧΕઃఆ͢Δೖྗ‫Ͱͱͨ͜͠ͱࣜܗ‬ɼෳࡶͳ৚݅Λ༰қʹධՁ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Մೳͱͳͬͨɽ
͜ͷઢ‫ํܗ‬ఔࣜͷੑ࣭͸ɼ౰࣌ɼ William Jury ‫ڭ‬तͷఏҊ͍ͯͨ͠τϥϯεϑΝʔϑΝϯΫγϣϯϞσϧͷ෣୆ཪͰ
͋ΔɻUSSL ͱಉ֗͡ʹ͋Δ UC Riverside ʹ͓͍ͯ Jury ‫ڭ‬तͷେֶӃߨٛΛड͚ͨͱ͖ʹ΋ͱͯ΋໾ཱͪɼಉ࣌ʹ਺ֶͷॏཁੑΛ௧‫ͤ͞ײ‬ΒΕͨɽ
·ͨɼϊʔτΛղੳ͍ͯ͘͠աఔ͸ɼvan Genuchten ͷਓͱͳΓΛ஌Δ্Ͱͱͯ΋໾ཱͬͨɽલड़ͷಈ૬ · ෆಈ૬Ϟσϧͷղੳղ͸ɼ࣮͸ van Genuchten ࣗ਎͕ಋ͍ͨͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɼCoats and Smithʢ1964ʣҎ߱ͷ࿦จͰಋ͔Εͨղ‫ר‬಄‫ݴ‬3 ɹΛ੔ཧͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δ͜ͱ΋ɼ͜ͷϊʔτʹ࢒͞Ε͍ͯͨ‫ه‬࿥͔Β஌Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽ͜Ε͸ࠓͱͳͬͯ͸ࢲ͚͕ͩ
஌Δࣄ࣮ͳͷ͔ͱࢥ͏ɽvan Genuchten ͸਺ֶʹ୎ӽͨ͠‫ڊ‬ঊͰ͸ͳ͘ɼຖ೔ͷ੒ՌΛஸೡʹੵΈ্͍͛ͯ͘ී௨ͷ
ਓͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛ஌ΓɼࢲͰ΋΍ΕΔͷͰ͸ͱ͍͏લ޲͖ͳ‫ʹͪ࣋ؾ‬΋ͤ͞ΒΕͨɽ᪳᪯ͳ͘͢΂ͯͷϊʔτΛ‫ͯͤݟ‬͘Εͨ van Genuchten ʹ͸ɼ಄͕Լ͕Δࢥ͍Ͱ͋Δɽ࠷ऴతʹ͸ CXTFIT ͷվྑʹ͸ 4 ೥ͷࡀ݄Λཁ͠ɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷࡉ͔ͳमਖ਼͸ 10 ೥Ҏ্ଓ͍ͨɽResearchGate ͰඃҾ༻ճ਺ΛோΊ͍ͯΔͱɼ‫Ͱࡏݱ‬΋૬౰਺ͷҾ༻͕ଓ͍͍ͯΔͷͰɼ౰ॳͷ໨త͸ୡ੒Ͱ͖ͨͷ͔ͱࢥ͏ɽ
͜ͷ‫ר‬಄‫ݴ‬Λॻ͘ʹ͋ͨΓগ͠ௐ΂͍ͯΔաఔͰɼNielsen ͷ਺ֶʹؔ͢Δ͓΋͠Ζ͍ΤϐιʔυΛ‫͚ͭݟ‬
ͨɽNielsen ͸ 2001 ೥ʹ AGU ͷ Robert Horton ৆Λड৆͍ͯ͠Δ͕ɼͦͷ‫ه‬࿥͕ AGU ͷαΠτʹ࢒͍ͬͯΔ
ʢhttp://honors.agu.org/winners/donald-r-nielsen/ʣɽNielsen ͕ଟ͘ͷਓͷ໊લΛ͋͛ͯँࣙΛड़΂Δεϐʔνʹ͓͍ͯɼͦͷೋਓ໨͕ John Phillip ത࢜Ͱ͋ΓɼNielsen Λ౔৕෺ཧʹಋ͍ͨ Kirkham ത࢜ΑΓઌʹ঺հ͍ͯ͠ΔɽPhillipത࢜͸ɼඇઢ‫ํܗ‬ఔࣜͰ͋Δ Richards ࣜͷղੳղʹੜ֔Λ๋͛ͨ਺ֶऀͰ͋Δɽ͓ͦΒ͘ɼNielsen ͕ tenure-trackʢऴ਎త਎෼ʣΛಘΔͱ͖ͷධՁΛ Phillip ത͕࢜ߦͬͨͱ͖ͷΤϐιʔυͱࢥΘΕɼ࣍ͷΑ͏ʹड़΂͍ͯΔɽ

I also acknowledge John Philip. He informed my colleagues at U.C. Davis that I was really not very talented inmathematics. Thanks to him, I made a special effort to improve my mathematical awareness, and eventually,
my colleagues approved my tenure, but not on the basis of my mathematical ability.
஌Δਓͧ஌ΔΤϐιʔυΛ࿩͢͜ͱͰস͍Λऔͬͨ৔໘ͱ͸ࢥ͏͕ɼNielsen ΄Ͳͷਓͷ໊੠΋೔ࠒͷ౒ྗͷࣀ෺Ͱ
͋Δ͜ͱΛ஌Δ͜ͱ͕ग़དྷΔ࿩Ͱ͋Δɽ͜͜·Ͱ‫͍ݹ‬࿩Λॻ͍͖͕ͯͨɼଟ͘ͷए͍ಡऀͷօ͞Μ͸ɼvan Genuchten ͱ͍͑͹ HYDRUS Λࢥ͍ු͔΂ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍ͩΖ͏͔ɽHYDRUS ͸ɼPrinceton େֶ࣌୅ʹ van Genuchten ͕࡞੒ͨ͠਺஋‫ࢉܭ‬ϓϩάϥϜʹରͯ͠ɼྺ୅ͷ‫ڀݚ‬һ͕ଞͷஶ໊ͳϓϩάϥϜΛऔΓࠐΈͳ͕ΒվྑΛॏͶɼ‫ࡏݱ‬͸ Jiri Šimůnek ത࢜ʹΑͬͯऔΓ·ͱΊΒΕ͍ͯΔɽHYDRUS ͸ɼࢲͷऔΓ૊Μͩ CXTFIT ͱ͸ൺֱʹͳΒͳ͍ଟେͳ࣌ؒΛඅ΍ͯ͠։ൃ͞ΕͨϓϩάϥϜ
Ͱ͋Δ͕ɼϓϩάϥϜ։ൃͷ‫ج‬ຊཧ೦͸ɼCXTFIT ͱಉ͘͡ଟ͘ͷਓ͕࢖͑Δ൚༻తͳϓϩάϥϜΛ໨ࢦ͍ͯ͠Δɽ
ͦͯ͠ɼಛผͳ࠽ೳΛ࣋ͭਓʹΑͬͯ։ൃ͞Εͨ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɼຖ೔ͷ౒ྗͷूେ੒ͱͯ͠ͷ੒Ռ෺Ͱ͋Δɽࢲ͕

USSL ʹ଺ࡏ͍ͯͨ͠౰࣌ɼ͍ͭ΋਺໊ͷϙευΫ‫ڀݚ‬һ͕͍ͯɼগͳ͘ͱ΋֎͔Β͸େ͖ͳ‫ڀݚ‬άϧʔϓͱ‫͞ͳݟ‬Ε͍͕ͯͨɼ‫ॴڀݚ‬ͷ౔৕෺ཧͷάϧʔϓʹ͸ύιίϯͱࢴͱԖච͕͋ΔͷΈͰ͋ͬͨɽvan Genuchten ͷಘ͍ͯͨଟ͘ͷϓϩδΣΫτͷࢿۚͷେ൒͸ɼਓ݅අͱͯ͠࢖ΘΕ͍ͯͨΑ͏Ͱ͋Δɽvan Genuchten ͸ɼେ͖ͳ‫ࡐػ‬Λߪೖ͢Δ‫ڊ‬େϓϩδΣΫτ͸ɼτοϓʹཱͭ୅දऀͷ໊੠͸ߴΊΔ͕ɼए͍‫ऀڀݚ‬͸ҭͨͳ͍ͱ࿩͍ͯͨ͜͠ͱ͕ࢥ͍ग़
͞ΕΔɽຊ߸ͷࠃࡍ౔৕೥ಛूͰ͸ɼதଜެ඙͞Μ͕ HYDRUS ΁ͷࢥ͍ͱ‫׉‬౻Λॻ͔Ε͍ͯΔɽࢲࣗ਎΋ߨٛ΍ଔ࿦ɼम࿦ͳͲͰ HYDRUS Λසൟʹ༻͍͍ͯΔ͕ɼ౔৕෺ཧ΁ͷཧղ͸֨ஈʹ޲্Ͱ͖ΔศརͳπʔϧͰ͸͋Δ͕ɼΑ
΄ͲͰͳ͍‫ݶ‬ΓֶੜࣗΒ͕ϓϩάϥϛϯάʹऔΓ૊Ή‫ػ‬ձ͕ͳ͘ͳͬͨ͜ͱʹର͢Δ‫ݒ‬೦͸͍ͭ΋๊͍͑ͯΔɽ͜ͷ HYDRUS ͷޭࡑʹ͍ͭͯ͸͍Ζ͍Ζͳҙ‫͕͋ݟ‬Δͱࢥ͏ͷͰɼࠓ‫ޙ‬΋օͰߟ͍͑ͯ͘໰୊ͳͷ͔ͱࢥ͏ɽࢲ͸ɼ

HYDRUS Λ van Genuchten άϧʔϓͷूେ੒ͱͯ͠ଊ͑ɼͦͷ্Ͱɼࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷ౔৕෺ཧͷൃలͱզʑͦΕͧΕͷ໾ׂΛߟ͍͑ͯ͘͜ͱ͕େ੾ͳͷ͔ͱࢥ͏ɽࢲͷ৔߹͸ɼCXTFIT ͷϢʔβʔ͕ੈքதʹ૿͍͑ͯ͘աఔͰଟ͘ͷ‫ऀڀݚ‬ͱ༹࣭Ҡಈʹؔ͢Δٞ࿦Λ͠ɼͦΕʹΑΓࢲࣗ਎΋ଟ͘Λֶͼɼͦͯ͠ϓϩάϥϜΛਐԽͤ͞Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽಉ༷
ʹɼHYDRUS ΋։ൃऀͱϢʔβʔ͕૬‫ʹޓ‬ཧղΛਂΊͳ͕ΒͦΕͧΕͷϢʔβʔ͕ HYDRUS ͷൃలʹߩ‫͍ͯ͠ݙ‬͘͜ͱ͕ɼ౔৕෺ཧͷൃల΁ͱͭͳ͕Δ͸ͣͰ͋ΔɽͦΕ͕ van Genuchten ͕໨ࢦ͍ͯͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δͱࢥ͏ɽ࠷‫ʹޙ‬ɼNielsen ʹؔ͢ΔΤϐιʔυͱͯ͠෉ਓͷ Joanne ʹ͍ͭͯॻ͍͓͖͍ͯͨɽલड़ͷ Horton ৆ͷεϐʔνͷ͓ΘΓʹɼ

A very special acknowledgment goes to my wife Joanne, for without her support, I would not be here this evening.
She is also the one who writes personal letters each and every day to previous students and colleagues throughout
the world.
ͱड़΂͍ͯΔɽಡऀͷօ͞Μͷͳ͔ʹ΋ Joanne ͷγʔϧΛͨ͘͞Μషͬͨखࢴ΍ΫϦεϚεΧʔυΛड͚औͬͨํ
΋ଟ͍ͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ͱࢥ͏ɽࢲ΋ɼॳΊͯ Nielsen ͝෉࠺ʹ͓ձ͍ͨ͠ͱ͖ʹ‫ాؠ‬ਐ‫͞ޕ‬Μ͝෉࠺ͱ೔ޫΛ͝Ҋ಺ͨ͜͠ͱɼՈ଒ͱҰॹʹ Davis ͷࣗ͝୐Λ๚໰ͨ͜͠ͱɼࠤլͷࣗ୐Λ๚໰௖͍ͨ͜ͱɼֶձͰ͓ձ͍͢Δͨͼʹ੠Λ͔͚ͯ௖͍ͨ͜ͱͳͲ͕ࢥ͍ग़͞ΕΔɽ1990 ೥ʹΞϝϦΧߦ͖ΛܾΊΔͨΊʹॳΊͯ San Antonio Ͱ։͔ΕͨΞϝϦΧ౔৕ֶձʹࢀՃͨ͠ͱ͖ɼJoanne ͕དྷΔ·Ͱͷؒɼֶձ௕ͱͯ͠εΠʔτϧʔϜʹ଺ࡏ͍ͯͨ͠ Nielsen ͱಉࣨͤͯ͞௖͍ͨɽNielsen ͸ɼຖ൩ɼ෦԰ʹଟ͘ͷਓΛ‫ݺ‬ΜͰϏʔϧΛҿΈͳ͕Βٞ࿦Λ͠ɼૣேʹ‫͖ͯى‬ே৯ͷձٞʹग़͔͚͍͕ͯͨɼJoanne ͕དྷΔே͸ɼಥવɼ෦԰ͷ૟আΛ࢝Ίͨ͜ͱ͕ࠓͰ΋ࢥ͍ग़͞ΕΔɽ
ࢲࣄʹͳΔ͕ɼࢲͷ௕உ͕ 9 ݄͔Β UC Davis ʹཹֶͨ͠ͷͰɼΞϝϦΧʹ͍Δ௕ঁΛ๚Ͷ͍ͯͨ࠺ͱೋਓ͕ࣗ͝
୐Λ๚໰͍ͨ͠ͱɼ‫Ϳ͠ٱ‬Γʹ Nielsen ʹϝʔϧΛॻ͍ͨɽ͙͢ʹฦࣄΛ௖͍͕ͨɼJoanne ͸ 2 ݄ʹखज़Λड͚ͨ͜ͱɼ͓ೋਓͱ΋ମௐ͕ࠓͻͱͭͳͷͰɼి࿩΋औΒͳ͍͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ͱ࿈བྷΛड͚ͨɽ࢒೦͕ͩ࢓ํ͕ͳ͍ͱࢥ͍ɼՈ

4౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)଒ʹ͸Ոͷ‫ʹؔݰ‬ՖΛಧ͚ͯ΋Βͬͨɽύʔιφϧͳ࿈བྷΛ͜ͷ৔ʹࣔ͢ͷ͸ͱࢥ͏͕ɼҰ෦Λ঺հͤͯ͞௖͘ɽ

When I looked on the front porch, saw the potted orchid garden with gorgeous ﬂowers, and carried it to Joanne,
we were both greatly inspired - and after opening and reading the gift card, each of us were deeply appreciativeof your thoughtfulness. We thank all of you from the bottom of our hearts as the ﬂowers remind us of our everlasting friendship.
With love and hugs for each of you,
Joanne and Don ɹɹͦͯ͠ઌ೔ɼJoanne ͔Βࢠ‫ڙ‬΍ଙͳͲ͝Ո଒ͷ͜ͱͳͲ͕ͼͬ͠Γॻ͔Εͨखࢴ͕ಧ͖ɼ͓‫ʹࢠ༷ͳ͏ͦؾݩ‬΄ͬͱͤ͞ΒΕͨɽࢲ͸৺͔Βଚ‫͖Ͱܟ‬Δਓʹग़ձ͑ͨ͜ͱֻ͕͚ସ͑ͷͳ͍ࡒ࢈Ͱ͋Δͱ௧‫ͤ͞ײ‬ΒΕͨɽਖ਼௚ɼ

Nielsen ͱ van Genuchten ͷ͓ೋਓʹ͸଍Լʹ΋‫ٴ‬͹ͳ͍͕ɼ౔৕෺ཧͷൃలΛ௨༷ͯ͠ʑͳωοτϫʔΫ͕޿͕͍ͬͯ͘͜ͱʹɼࢲ΋ߩ‫͏ࢥͱ͍͖͍ͨͯ͠ݙ‬ɽNielsen ͷ৺Թ·Δϝοηʔδʹ༐‫͚ͮؾ‬ΒΕͨ࣍ୈͰ͋Δɽ

Photo 1 Long Beach ͷΞϝϦΧ౔৕ֶձʹͯ
Nielsen ෉࠺ͱචऀʢ2010 ೥ 11 ݄ʣ

Photo 2 ‫ ͯʹ౎ژ‬van Genuchten ത࢜ʢࠨೋਓ໨ʣͱ
‫ࣨڀݚ‬ϝϯόʔʢ2009 ೥ 3 ݄ʣ

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 131, p.5 ∼ 13 (2015)‫ؾ‬৅ · ౔৕‫؍‬ଌσʔλͱ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ΛϦϯΫͨ͠೶஍ ICTϞχλϦϯάͷ༗ޮੑ — ߴྫྷ஍Ωϟϕπാʹ͓͚Δղੳࣄྫখౡ༔‫ ش‬1 · ࡾੴਖ਼Ұ 2 · ߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউ 1

Effectiveness of ICT ﬁeld monitoring linking ﬁeld images with soil and environmental data:case of a cold upland cabbage ﬁeld
Yuki KOJIMA1 , Shoichi MITSUISHI2 and Masaru MIZOGUCHI1

Abstract: The effectiveness of information and communication technology (ICT) monitoring, which links real timeﬁeld images with soil and environmental data, was evaluated by a case study in a cold upland cabbage ﬁeld. Soiland weather conditions were measured with the ICT monitoring system in order to understand the water cycle atthe cold upland cabbage ﬁeld. A ﬁeldserver and soil sensors (ECH2 O-TE, Decagon Devices) were installed at the
cabbage ﬁeld to measure weather condition, soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil electrical conductivity (EC).
Soil moisture at the cabbage ﬁeld was close to saturation
during the cultivation season. Possible reasons for the wet
soil conditions are that a hardpan with a small saturated
hydraulic conductivity exists at depths of 40–45 cm, andthe precipitation rate was much larger than the evapotranspiration rate at the cabbage ﬁeld. The soil EC revealed
that soil solute transfer clearly followed the precipitation
pattern. Soil temperature and soil moisture during the winter season showed different diurnal variations depending
on snow cover and its melting. The real time ﬁeld images linked with the soil and weather data provided a more
complete description of conditions than could be captured
with only soil and weather observations. The ICT monitoring of soil properties and weather conditions was aneffective tool for enhancing the understanding of ﬁeld conditions through the use of real-time ﬁeld images.
Key Words : information and communication technology(ICT), ﬁeld monitoring, real time, ﬁeld image, soil information

6 ݄Լ०͔Β 10 ݄Լ०·Ͱͷ໿ 4 ϲ݄ؒͰɼ೶ՈʹΑͬͯ͸೥ 2 ճʢՆΩϟϕπ · ळΩϟϕπʣͷੜ࢈Λߦͬͯ
͍Δʢ‫ࢁؙ‬ɼ1990ʣɽߴྫྷ஍ͰͷΩϟϕπऩྔ͸ɼͦͷ೥ͷ‫ؾ‬৅৚݅ʹ‫͘ڧ‬Ө‫͞ڹ‬ΕΔɽ‫࣌࡞ڟ‬ͷΈͳΒͣɼ๛࡞࣌ʹՁ֨ௐ੔ͷͨΊେྔͷΩϟϕπ͕࢈஍ഇ‫͞غ‬ΕΔ
໰୊΋͋Γɼ҆ఆͨ͠Ωϟϕπੜ࢈͕๬·ΕΔʢେߴɼ

1970ʀ‫ٶ‬஍ɼ2006ʣɽ͜ͷ஍۠ͷΩϟϕπ࠿ഓ͸ᕲᕱΛ͠ͳ͍ͨΊɼ߱ਫྔͱ౔৕ͷอਫྔ͕ऩྔมಈͷେ͖ͳཁҼͱͳ͍ͬͯΔͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ·ͨଟ͘ͷะ৔͕܏্ࣼʹଘࡏ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊɼകӍ࣌ɼ୆෩‫͓ظ‬Αͼ༥ઇ‫ظ‬ͷ౔৕৵৯͕໰୊ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔʢߔ‫ޱ‬ɼ2007ʀߔ‫ · ޱ‬໼ਧɼ2002ʀਢాɼ2010ʣɽ͜ͷ౔৕৵৯ྔ͸౔৕ਫ෼ྔͱ
౔৕ౚ݁ͷ༗ແʹ‫͍ͯ͠܎ؔ͘ڧ‬ΔʢLe Bissonnais andSinger, 1992; Cruse et al., 2001ʣɽҎ্ͷࣄ৅ΑΓɼ௸࿀ଜΩϟϕπാʹ͓͚Δਫ॥‫ߏػ؀‬ɼಛʹ౔৕ਫ෼ྔͷมಈͷղ໌͕ॏཁͰ͋Δɽۙ ೥ ɼinformation and communication technology
ʢICTʣΛར༻ͨ͠೶஍ͷϞχλϦϯάʢϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάʣʹ஫໨͕ू·͍ͬͯΔʢߔ‫ޱ‬ɼ2007ɼ2012ʣɽϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάͰ͸ɼԕִ஍ʹ͓͍ͯΠϯλʔωοτ‫ܦ‬༝Ͱะ৔ͷ‫ؾ‬৅ · ౔৕σʔλɼ͓Αͼ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ͳͲΛϦΞϧλΠϜ΋͘͠͸४ϦΞϧλΠϜͰճऩ͢Δɽะ৔ʹσʔλϩΨʔΛ഑ஔ͠ɼ‫ݱ‬৔Ͱͷσʔλ஝ੵΛߦ͏ैདྷͷଌఆ๏ʹରͯ͠ɼϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯ
άͰ͸ఆ‫ظ‬తʹσʔλճऩʹෝ͘ඞཁ͕ͳ͍ɽ·ͨηϯα͋Δ͍͸ϩΨʔͷ‫ނ‬োʹΑΓ‫ܭ‬ଌ͕ෆՄೳͱͳͬͨ

1. ͸͡Ίʹ

ࡍ΋ɼैདྷͷ‫ܭ‬ଌͰ͸‫ݕ‬஌ʹ͕͔͔࣌ؒͬͨͷʹର͠ɼϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάͰ͸ͦͷϦΞϧλΠϜੑ͔Βॠ‫܈‬അ‫௸܊࠺ޗݝ‬࿀ଜ͸ɼ‫಺ݝ‬ͷ๺੢෦ʹҐஔ͢Δશࠃ࣌ʹ‫ݕ‬஌Ͱ͖ɼਝ଎ͳରԠ͕ՄೳͱͳΔʢߔ‫ޱ‬ɼ2007ʣɽ༗਺ͷΩϟϕπ࢈஍Ͱ͋Δɽ௸࿀Ωϟϕπͷੜ࢈࣌‫ظ‬͸͞Βʹैདྷͷଌఆ߲໨ʹ͸ແ͔ͬͨ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾͸͜Ε·Ͱ

1 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University ofTokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan. Corresponding authorɿখౡ༔‫ش‬ɼ౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պ
2 AINEX. Co., LTD. Minami Kamata 2-16-1, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 144-0035,
Japan.
2015 ೥ 6 ݄ 19 ೔डߘɹ 2015 ೥ 9 ݄ 25 ೔डཧ਺஋ͷ౔৕ · ‫ؾ‬৅σʔλͳͲ‫ݸ‬ผͷ෺ཧྔ͔Β༧ଌ͞Ε͍ͯͨ‫ݱ‬஍ঢ়‫گ‬Λࢹ֮తʹิ‫͖Ͱ׬‬Δɽྫ͑͹ɼ‫ݱ‬஍࡞෺ͷੜҭঢ়ଶ΍࠿ഓ؅ཧ৘ใͳͲ͕ิ‫͞׬‬Εɼ݁Ռแ‫ׅ‬తͳ‫ݱ‬஍ঢ়‫گ‬ͷ೺Ѳ͕ՄೳʹͳΔɽ·ͨ਺஋σʔλͱ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ΛϦϯΫͤ͞Δ͜ͱͰɼ਺஋σʔλ͚ͩͰ͸ղੳ͕೉͍͠೉ղͳ‫ݱ‬৅ཧղʹ໾ཱͭͱࢥΘΕΔɽ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)6ϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάπʔϧͷҰͭʹϑΟʔϧυσʔλ͸σʔλϩΨʔͰอଘɼճऩΛߦ͕ͬͨ FS Λ༻αʔόʢFSʣ͕͋ΔɽFS ͸ɼ೶ྛਫ࢈ল‫ڀݚ‬ϓϩδΣ͍ͯଌఆͨ͠౔৕σʔλΛԕִ஍Ͱճऩ͢Δ͜ͱ΋ՄೳΫτʮσʔλϕʔε · Ϟσϧ‫ڠ‬ௐγεςϜʯʢH13 – H18

Ͱ͋ΔɽECH2 O-TE Ͱଌఆ͞ΕΔ EC ͸౔৕ͷ‫͚͔ݟ‬ͷ೥౓ʣͷதͰɼதԝ೶‫ۀ‬૯߹‫ڀݚ‬ηϯλʔ͕։ൃͨ͠খ

ECʢECb ʣͰ͋ΔɽͦͷͨΊ ECb ͸ Hilhorst et al.ʢ2000)
ͷํ๏Ͱ౔৕༹ӷ ECʢECw ʣ΁ͱ‫ͨ͠ࢉ׵‬ʢࣜʢ1ʣʣɽ‫ܕ‬ϞχλϦϯάϩϘοτͰɼෳ਺ͷηϯαɼWeb Χϝϥɼແઢ LAN ϞδϡʔϧͳͲͷ༷ʑͳిࢠ‫ثػ‬Λ౥ࡌͨ͠ϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯά༻σόΠεͰ͋ΔʢFukatsu

and Hirafuji, 2005ʣɽFS ͷ‫ڀݚ‬͸ओʹͦͷ։ൃ΍վྑʢFukatsu et al.ɼ2006ʀਂ௡Βɼ2013ʀਂ௡Βɼ2014ʣɼ
σʔλऩू΍Ӿཡ༻ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ։ൃʢ੕Βɼ

2007ʀ҆઒Βɼ2011ʀాதΒɼ2014ʣͳͲɼ‫ػ‬ೳ໘Λয఺ͱ͖ͯͨ͠ɽͦΕʹ൐͍༷ʑͳ৔ॴʹઃஔ · ӡస͞Ε
͍ͯΔʢHonda et al., 2007; Manzano Jr. et al., 2011ʣɽ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɼͦͷ༗ޮੑ, ಛʹ౔৕ · ‫ؾ‬৅σʔλͱ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ΛϦϯΫͤ͞Δ͜ͱͰಘΒΕΔ৘ใͷ༗ӹੑʹ͍ͭͯɼ࣮ࡍͷ࿐஍࠿ഓ஍ʹͯแ‫ׅ‬తͳ௕‫౔ظ‬৕ · ‫ؾ‬৅ଌఆࣄྫΛ༻͍ͯ‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ྫ͸ͳ͍ɽͦ͜Ͱຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ௸࿀Ωϟϕπാͷਫ॥‫ߏػ؀‬ͷղECw =κp ECbκb − κECb =0(1)͜͜Ͱɼκp ͸ਫͷൺ༠ి཰ʢ20◦ C ͷͱ͖ʹ 80.3ʣɼκb ͸౔৕ͷൺ༠ి཰ɼκECb =0 ͸ ECb ͕ 0 ͱͳΔͱ͖ͷ౔৕ͷൺ༠ి཰Ͱɼ‫ס‬૩౔৕ͷൺ༠ి཰ͱΈͳ͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖
Δɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ Decagon Devices Inc.ʢ2007ʣ͕ਪ঑͢Δ
κECb =0 = 6 Λ࢖༻ͨ͠ɽκb ͸ ECH2 O-TE ʹΑͬͯଌఆ͞ΕΔ΋ͷΛ࢖༻ͨ͠ɽ
·ͨɼՆ‫ق‬ϞχλϦϯά։࢝લͷ 2008 ೥ 8 ݄ 2 ೔ʹ౔৕ 100 cc ίΞͷ࠾औΛߦͬͨɽ100 cc ίΞͷ࠾औ͸ͦΕͧΕ 0 – 5 cmɼ2.5 – 7.5 cmɼ7.5 – 12.5 cmɼҎ߱ 5cm ͣͭ 62.5 cm ·Ͱͷਂ͞Ͱߦͬͨɽ࠾औͨ͠౔৕ίੳΛࣄྫͱ͠ɼ‫ؾ‬৅ · ౔৕‫؍‬ଌσʔλͱ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ΛϦϯΞ͸‫ؼͪ࣋ʹࣨڀݚ‬ΓɼมਫҐ๏ʹͯ๞࿨ಁਫ܎਺ΛɼΫͨ͠೶஍ ICT ϞχλϦϯάͷ༗ޮੑΛ‫͢ূݕ‬Δ͜ͱΛ࿍‫סͯʹס‬૩ີ౓Λଌఆͨ͠ɽ

໨తͱͨ͠ɽ

2.2 ౙ‫ق‬ϞχλϦϯά

2. ࣮‫ํݧ‬๏‫܈‬അ‫௸܈࠺ޗݝ‬࿀ଜͷΩϟϕπാʢEɿ138◦ 28’ 40”ɼNɿ36◦ 30’ 37”ɼඪߴ 1160 mʣʹ FS ͱ౔৕ηϯαΛઃஔ͠ɼΩϟϕπ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬ʢՆ‫ق‬ʣͱౙ‫ق‬ͷ 2 ճϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάΛߦͬͨɽ֘౰ะ৔ͷ౔৕͸ࠇϘΫ౔ʢ࣭࠭ϩʔϜʀ࠭ 69 %ɼγϧτ 22 %ɼ೪౔ 9 %ɼ༗‫ػ‬෺‫ؚ‬
ྔ 0.26 kg kg−1 ʣͰ͋ͬͨɽ

2.1 Ն‫ق‬ϞχλϦϯά

2007 ೥ 11 ݄ 19 ೔͔Β 2007 ೥ 12 ݄ 20 ೔·Ͱౙ‫ق‬ͷϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάΛߦͬͨɽౙ‫ق‬ϞχλϦϯά
͸౔৕ౚ݁༥ղͷൃੜɼͦΕʹ൐͏౔৕ਫͷ‫ڍ‬ಈΛ‫؍‬ଌ͢ΔͨΊय़ઌ·Ͱߦ͏༧ఆͰ͋ͬͨɽ͔͠͠ FS ΁ͷి‫͕څڙݯ‬ෆ҆ఆͱͳΓ 12 ݄ 20 ೔ʹ‫ػ‬ೳఀࢭʹؕͬͨͨΊɼ‫؍‬ଌ͸ͦΕ·Ͱͱͨ͠ɽଌఆ߲໨͸ɼՆ‫ق‬ϞχλϦϯάͱಉ༷Ͱ͋Δɽ·ͨଌఆ‫ثػ‬΋Ն‫ͱق‬ಉ༷ͷ΋ͷΛ༻͍͕ͨɼECH2 O-TE ͸ҟͳΔਂ͞ʹຒઃͨ͠ʢ4 cmɼ

8 cmɼ16 cmɼ32 cmʣɽ·ͨཪฦͨࣗ͠࡞೔ࣹ‫ܭ‬Λ FSʹऔΓ෇͚ɼͦͷଌఆ஋Λ೔ࣹྔͰআ͢͜ͱʹΑΓ஍ද

2008 ೥ 8 ݄ 3 ೔͔Β 2008 ೥ 10 ݄ 22 ೔·Ͱɼ࣮‫ݧ‬ะ໘ͷ൓ࣹ܎਺Λਪఆͨ͠ɽౙ‫ق‬ͷσʔλ͸౔৕ಛੑΛ‫ؚ‬৔ʹ͓͚ΔΩϟϕπͷ೻छ͔Βऩ֭ʹ߹ΘͤͯɼՆ‫ق‬ͷΉશͯΛ FS ʹΑͬͯΠϯλʔωοταʔό্ʹอଘ͠ɼϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάΛߦͬͨɽଌఆ߲໨͸ɼ‫ؾ‬৅৚ಉ‫Ͱ಺ࣨڀݚ‬ճऩͨ͠ɽ

݅ʢ‫ؾ‬Թ · ૬ର࣪౓ · ೔ࣹྔ · ෩଎ · ‫ؾ‬ѹ · ߱ਫྔʣɼ౔
৕ಛੑʢମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ · ஍Թ · ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ʢECʣ
ʣ͓Αͼ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾Ͱ͋Δɽ‫ؾ‬৅σʔλ͸ FS ʹ઀ଓ͞Εͨ Weather

2.3 Ն‫ق‬ͷ೤ऩࢧ͓Αͼৠൃࢄྔͷਪఆଌఆ͞Εͨ‫ؾ‬৅͓Αͼ౔৕σʔλΛ༻͍ͯՆ‫ق‬Ωϟϕπാͷ೤ऩࢧͱৠൃࢄྔΛɼNoborio et al.ʢ1996ʣͷํtransmitter WXT510ʢVaisala, Vantaa, FinlandʣͰଌఆ͠
ͨɽ౔৕ಛੑͷଌఆʹ͸ ECH2 O-TEʢDecagon Devices,
Inc., Pullman, WA, USAʣΛ༻͍ͨʢECH2 O-TE ͸ 2008೥࣌ͷηϯαͰੜ࢈ऴ͓ྃͯ͠Γɼ‫ࡏݱ‬͸଱‫ٱ‬ੑͱ ECଌఆਫ਼౓͕޲্ͨ͠ 5TE ΁ͱվྑ͞Ε͍ͯΔʣɽຒઃਂ
౓͸ 2.5 cmɼ5 cmɼ10 cmɼ20 cmɼ30 cmɼ40 cmɼ50
cmɼ60 cm Ͱ͋Δɽ·ͨɼಉՕॴͷ஍ද໘͔Β 10 cmͷߴ͞ʹ༿ೞΕηϯαʢDielectric Leaf Wetness Sensor,
Decagon Devices, Inc.) Λઃஔ͠ɼ݁࿐ਫͷൃੜͷଌఆΛߦͬͨɽ‫ؾ‬৅৚݅ͱ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾͸ 2 ෼͝ͱʹɼ౔৕ಛੑͱ
༿ೞΕ͸ 15 ෼͝ͱʹଌఆͨ͠ɽ౔৕ಛੑ͓Αͼ༿ೞΕσʔλճऩʹ͸σʔλϩΨʔ Em50ʢDecagon Devices,Inc.ʣΛ༻͍ͨɽ‫ؾ‬৅σʔλͱ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾͸ FS ʹΑͬͯ

ʢ5.26×10−8 W m−2 K−4 ʣɼTa ͱ Ts ͸େ‫ͱؾ‬஍ද໘ͷԹΠϯλʔωοταʔό্ʹอଘ͞Εɼ౦‫ژ‬େֶࠃࡍ৘ใ

౓ʢKʣɼCa ͸େ‫ؾ‬ͷମੵ೤༰ྔʢJ m−3 K−1 ʣɼL ͸ਫͷ

೶ֶ‫ͯʹ಺ࣨڀݚ‬ճऩͨ͠ɽՆ‫ق‬ϞχλϦϯάͰ͸౔৕ৠൃજ೤ʢJ kg−3 ʣɼρvs ͱ ρva ͸஍ද໘ͱେ‫ؾ‬ͷਫৠ‫ؾ‬๏ʹΑΓਪఆͨ͠ɽ७์ࣹྔ Rn ɼ‫ݦ‬೤༌ૹྔ H ɼજ೤༌ૹྔ LE ͸ɼͦΕͧΕҎԼͷΑ͏ʹ‫͖Ͱࢉܭ‬Δɽ

Rn = (1 − α ) Rs + εs εa σ Ta 4 − εs σ Ts 4(2)

H = −Ca (Ts − Ta ) /rh(3)

LE = −L (ρvs − ρva ) / (rv + rs )(4)͜͜Ͱɼα ͸஍ද໘ͷ൓ࣹ܎਺ɼRs ͸೔ࣹྔɼεs ͱ εa ͸஍ද໘ͱେ‫ؾ‬ͷࣹग़཰ɼσ ͸εςϑΝϯϘϧπϚϯఆ਺࿦จɿ‫ؾ‬৅ · ౔৕‫؍‬ଌσʔλͱ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ΛϦϯΫͨ͠೶஍ ICT ϞχλϦϯάͷ༗ޮੑ7

Fig. 1 Ωϟϕπ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬ͷ (a) ౔৕Թ౓ɼ(b) ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͱ߱ਫྔɼ(c) ౔৕༹ӷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ (ECw )ɼ(d) ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ɽ
Soil temperature(a), soil moisture(b), soil solution electrical conductivity (c), and landscape images (d) during thesummer season.

ີ౓ʢkg m−3 ʣɼrh ɼrv ɼrs ͸ͦΕͧΕ೤༌ૹ΁ͷۭ‫ྗؾ‬ֶత఍߅ɼਫৠ‫ؾ‬༌ૹ΁ͷۭ‫ֶྗؾ‬త఍߅ɼ஍ද໘ͷਫ

ࣜʢ5ʣΛຬͨ͢ Ts Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ͜ͱͰɼRn ɼH ɼLE ΛͦΕͧΕܾఆͨ͠ɽܾఆͨ͠ LE Λମੵ౰ͨΓͷਫͷৠൃજৠ‫ؾ‬༌ૹʹର͢Δ఍߅Ͱ͋Δʢs m−1 ʣɽ஍த೤ྲྀྔ G ͸೤ ρw Lʢ25◦ C ͷͱ͖ 2.45 ×109 J m−3 ʣͰআͯ͠ৠൃࢄ

஍Թͱ౔৕ਫ෼ྔͷԖ௚෼෍ΑΓԹ౓ੵ෼๏ʢSauer andྔ E ʢm s−1 ʣΛਪఆͨ͠ɽ

Horton, 2005ʣʹܾͯఆͨ͠ɽ֤೤ऩࢧ߲͸஍ද໘ͷ೤ऩࢧࣜʹΑͬͯؔ࿈෇͚ΒΕΔɽ

Rn + LE + H + G = 0

3. ݁Ռͱߟ࡯
(5)

ࣜʢ2ʣ
ɼ
ʢ3ʣ
ɼ
ʢ4ʣͰ͸஍ද໘Թ౓ Ts ͕ະ஌Ͱ͋Δ͕ɼ

3.1 Ն‫ق‬ϞχλϦϯά
Fig. 1 ͸࠿ഓ‫ ؒظ‬2008 ೥ 8 ݄ 3 ೔͔Β 10 ݄ 22 ೔·Ͱͷ஍Թɼମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ɼ౔৕༹ӷ ECʢECw ʣͷมԽͰ͋౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)8

ϕπാ౔৕ͷؒܺ཰͕ 70 % ఔ౓Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱΛߟ͑Δͱɼ͜Ε͸๞࿨ʹ͍ۙߴਫ෼ྔͰ͋ΔɽFig. 2 ͸ะ৔Ͱ࠾औ
ͨ͠౔৕ίΞ͔Βଌఆͨ͠๞࿨ಁਫ܎਺ͱ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ͷԖ௚෼෍Ͱ͋ΔɽFig. 2 ͔Βਂ͞ 20 cm ͔Β 45 cm ෇ۙͰ‫ס‬૩ີ౓্͕ঢ͠ɼ·ͨ๞࿨ಁਫ܎਺΋ 30 ͔Β 45 cm
Ͱ௿Լ͢Δ͜ͱ͔Βߗ൫૚͕ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͕Θ͔Δɽߥ઒ · ౦ʢ1995ʣ͸௸࿀ͷΩϟϕπะ৔Ͱ͸͜ͷΑ͏ͳߗ൫૚͕Ұൠతʹଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱΛใࠂ͓ͯ͠Γɼ͜ͷߗ൫૚ʹΑͬͯ߱Ӎͷ஍தਁಁ͕͸͹·Εͯਂ౓ 20cm ͔Β 50 cm ෇ۙͷ౔૚͕ߴਫ෼ྔΛҡ͍࣋ͯ͠Δͱ
ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ·ͨ஍ද໘෇ۙͷ 2.5 cm ͱ 5 cm ͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰͸ɼ߱Ӎ͕ແ͍೔Ͱ΋໷ؒʹ૿Ճ͢Δ܏޲͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕͨɽ͜Εʹ͍ͭͯ͸‫ޙ‬ड़ͷ 3.1.4 ߲಺ʹͯߟ࡯͢Δɽ

3.1.3 Ն‫౔ق‬৕༹ӷ EC ͷมԽ౔৕༹ӷ EC ͸ɼ౔৕தͷ঳ࢎଶ஠ૉͳͲ༹࣭ೱ౓ͱ
ઢ‫͕͋܎ؔܗ‬Γɼ༹࣭ͷଘࡏྔͷࢦඪͱ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖
Fig. 2 ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ͱ๞࿨ಁਫ܎਺ͷԖ௚෼෍ɽ
Distribution of bulk density and saturated hydraulicconductivity.

ΔʢొඌΒɼ2002ʣɽଌఆ։͔࢝Β 8 ݄Լ०·Ͱɼਂ͞
2.5 cmɼ5 cmɼ10 cm ͷ ECw ͸ߴ͍஋Λҡ࣋͠ɼ߱Ӎ΍ৠൃࢄʹ൐͏มಈΛ‫܁‬Γฦ͍͕ͯͨ͠ɼ8 ݄ 29 ೔͔Β
8 ݄ 31 ೔ͷؒʹ‫ʹܹٸ‬௿Լͨ͠ɽͦΕʹ൐͍ɼਂ͞ 20cm ͷ૚ͷ ECw ͕૿Ճͨ͠ɽ͜ͷ‫ؒظ‬ɼਂ͞ 20 cm ૚ͷECw ͸ੵࢉӍྔͱಉ༷ͷ‫ڍ‬ಈΛ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͔Βɼ߱ӍʹΑͬͯ஍ද໘෇ۙʹଘࡏ༹͍࣭͕ͯͨ͠Լ૚ʹྲྀ͞Εͨͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ͜ͷࡍͷ߱Ӎύλʔϯ͸அଓతʹߴ‫ڧ‬౓Ͱ͋Γɼ͜ͷ͜ͱ͔Β߱Ӎͷ‫ͱ౓ڧ‬ස౓༹͕࣭ͷҠಈͷॏཁͳཁҼͰ͋Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ
·ͨɼ8 ݄ 23 ೔͔Β 8 ݄ 26 ೔ࠒ·Ͱ௿‫౓ڧ‬ͷ߱Ӎ͕அଓతʹൃੜ͓ͯ͠Γɼද૚ͷ ECw ͷ‫ͳܹٸ‬௿Լ͕‫ى‬
ͬͨ͜ 8 ݄ 29 ೔͔Β 8 ݄ 31 ೔͸ɼද૚౔৕ͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰͕ߴ͍ঢ়ଶͰҡ࣋͞Ε͍ͯͨɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͔Βɼ8 ݄

Fig. 3 ༿ೞΕηϯαग़ྗͱ૬ର࣪౓ɽ
Output of leaf wetness sensor and relative humidity.

29 ೔Ҏલ͸ද૚౔৕ͷอਫ‫ػ‬ೳ͕ߴ͘ɼ஍ද໘͔Β৵ೖͨ߱͠Ӎ͸ද૚౔৕ʹอਫ͞Εɼ༹࣭ͷԡ͠ग़͕͠཈੍
͞Ε͍ͯͨͱਪ࡯͞ΕΔɽҰํͰɼ8 ݄ 29 ೔͔Β 8 ݄

31 ೔͸ද૚౔৕ͷอਫ‫ػ‬ೳ͕খ͔ͬͨͨ͞Ίɼԡ͠ग़͠
Δɽ·ͨɼFS ͰࡱӨ͞Εͨ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ͷ͏ͪɼಛ௃తͳ΋ͷΛ‫ͨ͠ه‬ɽ

3.1.1 Ն‫ق‬஍ԹͷมԽ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬ͷ஍ԹมಈͰ͸ɼଌఆ‫ؒظ‬Λ௨ͯ͠஍Թ͕௿
Լͯ͠Ώ༷͘ࢠ͕֬ೝͰ͖ͨɽ·ͨɼ20 cm ΑΓ΋ઙ͍૚Ͱ͸ܹ͍͠೔มಈ͕‫͍͖ͯى‬Δ͕ɼ30 cm ҎਂͰ͸‫ݦ‬ஶͳ೔มಈ͸‫ݟ‬ΒΕͣɼΏΔ΍͔ʹ௿Լ͍ͯͨ͠ɽ2.5cm ͷ૚Ͱ͸ɼ1 ೔ͷ࠷ߴ஍Թ͕ଌఆॳ‫Ͱظ‬͸ 35◦ C લ‫ޙ‬ɼ࠷௿஍Թ͕ 20◦ C લ‫Ͱޙ‬ɼͦͷ͕ࠩ 15◦ C ͔Β 20◦ C
΄Ͳ͋Γɼද૚ۙ๣Ͱ͸ܹ͍͠೔มಈΛ͍ͯͨ͠ɽ

ྲྀ͕ൃੜ͠ɼ༹࣭ͷԼ૚΁ͷҠಈ͕༠ൃ͞Εͨͱߟ͑Β
ΕΔɽ

3.1.4 ༿ೞΕͷมԽ
Fig. 3 ʹΩϟϕπ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬ʢ2008 ೥ 8 ݄ 3 ೔ ∼ 10 ݄
22 ೔ʣͷ༿ೞΕηϯαग़ྗͱ߱ਫྔΛදͨ͠ɽ༿ೞΕ͸߱Ӎͷແ͍೔Ͱ΋ 1 ೔प‫ܹ͘͠Ͱظ‬มಈ͍ͯͨ͠ɽFig.
4 ͸ɼ߱Ӎ͕‫͜ى‬Βͳ͔ͬͨ 2008 ೥ 9 ݄ 7 ೔ 12:00 ͔Β 2008 ೥ 9 ݄ 11 ೔ 12:00 ·Ͱͷ༿ೞΕͱ૬ର࣪౓ͷ
มԽͰ͋Δɽ༿ೞΕ͸ 18 ͔࣌Β 20 ࣌ࠒͷ೔຅‫্ʹޙ‬ঢΛ࢝Ίɼ໷ؒΛ௨্ͯ͠ঢΛଓ͚Δɽͦͯ͠ɼ೔ग़‫ޙ‬ͷ

5 ͔࣌Β 7 ࣌ࠒʹ‫ݮ‬গʹస͡ɼҎ߱೔຅·Ͱ࠷௿஋Λҡ

3.1.2 Ն‫ق‬ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷมԽ͍࣋ͯͨ͠ɽ૬ର࣪౓্͕ঢͨ͠‫ʹޙ‬ఀ଺͢Δ࣌ؒʹ༿ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰͸ɼද૚ 2.5 cmɼ5 cmɼ10 cm ·Ͱ͸߱ӍೞΕ্͕ঢ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͔Βɼ஍ද໘ۙ๣େ‫ؾ‬ͷ࣪౓͕ͱৠൃࢄʹΑΔܹ͍͠ਫ෼มಈ͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕͨɽҰํͰԼ૚๞࿨ਫৠ‫ؾ‬ѹۙ๣ʹୡͨ͠ࡍʹ݁࿐͕༠ൃ͞Ε͍ͯΔͱͷ 30 cm ҎਂͰ͸ܹ͍͠มಈ͸‫ݟ‬ΒΕͣɼৠൃࢄͱ஍Լ

ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹ௸࿀ΩϟϕπാͰ͸࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬ΛਁಁʹΑΔΏΔ΍͔ͳ‫ݮ‬গͱɼ࣌ં߱ӍʹΑΔए‫ׯ‬ͷ্௨ͯ͠໷ؒʹ݁࿐͕ൃੜ͍ͯͨ͠ɽFig. 5 ʹ 2008 ೥ 9ঢ͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕͨɽ20 cm Ҏਂͷ૚Ͱ͸ɼମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰͕࠿ഓ
‫ؒظ‬Λ௨ͯ͠ 0.55 ͔Β 0.75 ͷେ͖ͳ஋Λࣔͨ͠ɽΩϟ݄ 9 ೔͔Β 2008 ೥ 9 ݄ 12 ೔·Ͱͷ༿ೞΕηϯαग़ྗɼ

2.5 cm ͱ 5 cm ਂʹ͓͚Δ஍Թͱମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰Λදͨ͠ɽ࿦จɿ‫ؾ‬৅ · ౔৕‫؍‬ଌσʔλͱ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ΛϦϯΫͨ͠೶஍ ICT ϞχλϦϯάͷ༗ޮੑ

9໷ؒɼ༿ೞΕηϯαͷग़ྗ্ঢʹ൐ͬͯͦΕͧΕͷਂ͞ͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰͕ए‫ׯ‬ͷ࣌ؒ஗Εͱ‫্ʹڞ‬ঢ͍ͯ͠Δɽࠓ
ճ࢖༻ͨ͠ Decagon Devices Inc. ੡ͷ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʹ͸ɼԹ౓ґଘੑ͕ࢦఠ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢᴡ౻Βɼ2008ʣɽ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɼମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷ૿Ճ։࢝࣌ࠁ͓Αͼ૿Ճఀࢭ࣌
ࠁͱ஍ԹͷϐʔΫ࣌ࠁ͕ҟͳ͍ͬͯͨͨΊɼද૚౔৕ͷ໷ؒͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷ্ঢ͸ɼ݁࿐ʹΑͬͯਫ෼͕౔৕ʹ‫͞څڙ‬Ε͍ͯΔͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

3.1.5 Ն‫ق‬Ωϟϕπാʹ͓͚Δ೤ऩࢧ · ਫऩࢧ
Fig. 6 ʹΩϟϕπ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬ͷ 1 ೔͋ͨΓͷ೤ऩࢧͷ
Fig. 4 9 ݄ 7 ೔͔Β 9 ݄ 11 ೔·Ͱແ߱Ӎ‫ؒظ‬ͷ༿ೞΕมԽΛදͨ͠ɽ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬Λ௨ͯ͠ Rn ͷ஋͸‫ݮ‬গ܏޲ʹηϯαग़ྗͱ߱ਫྔɽ

͋ͬͨɽ·ͨ G ͸ਖ਼ͷ஋ΑΓ΋ෛͷ஋ΛͱΔ೔ͷ΄͏͕

Output of leaf wetness sensor and precipitation during norainfall days (9/7/2008 – 9/11/2008).

ଟ͘ɼ‫ؒظ‬Λ௨ͯ͠౔த͔Β஍ද໘ํ޲΁ͷΤωϧΪʔͷྲྀΕ͕༏ҐͰ͋ͬͨɽ·ͨɼLE ͱ H Ͱ͸ɼH ʹରͯ͠ LE ͷ஋͕͔ͳΓେ͖ͳ஋Λࣔ͠ɼ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬Λ௨ͯ͠Rn ͷ 70 ∼ 90 % ͕ LE ʹ෼഑͞Ε͍ͯͨɽ౔৕͕࣪५
ঢ়ଶͷ৔߹ɼRn ͷ LE ΁ͷ෼഑཰͸ 70 ∼ 80 % ఔ౓ʹͳΔʢੴ౉ · খྛɼ2003ʣ͜ͱ͔Βɼ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬Λ௨ͯ͠౔৕͕࣪५ঢ়ଶΛҡ͍࣋ͯͨ͜͠ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ
஍ද໘ͷ೤ऩࢧ͔Βਪఆ͞Εͨ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬ͷੵࢉৠൃࢄྔ͸ 201.4 mm Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬ͷੵࢉ߱ਫྔ͸

332.7 mm ͰɼৠൃࢄྔΛେ্͖͘ճ͍ͬͯͨɽ͜Ε͸
30 cm ͱ͍͏ઙ͍౔૚͕๞࿨ʹ͍ۙਫ෼ྔΛอ͍ͬͯͨ
͜ͱΛΑ͘ද͍ͯ͠Δɽ‫ؾ‬৅ிΞϝμεͷా୅‫؍‬ଌ఺ʹ‫ͱͮ͘ج‬ɼ2008 ೥͸ྫ೥ΑΓ΋΍΍߱ਫྔͷগͳ͍೥Ͱ
͋ͬͨɽ·ͨ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬ʢ8 ݄ – 10 ݄ʣͷా୅ͷੵࢉ߱ਫྔ 432 mm ʹର͠ 2000 ೥Ҏ߱ͷฏ‫ۉ‬͸ 539 mm Ͱ͋Γɼ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬தʹ͍ͭͯ΋ಉ༷ͷ͜ͱ͕‫͑ݴ‬Δɽൺֱత‫ס‬૩͍ͯͨ͠ 2008 ೥ʹ߱ਫྔ͕ৠൃࢄྔΛେ্͖͘ճͬͯ
͍ͨ͜ͱ͔Βɼᕲᕱແ͠Ͱ΋Ωϟϕπ࠿ഓ͕ՄೳͰ͋Δ
͜ͱ͕Θ͔ΔɽͦͷҰํͰɼߴ͍ਫ෼ྔ͕ҡ࣋͞Ε͍ͯͨ͜ͱ͸ɼ࣪֐ͷ‫͔఺؍‬Β͸޷·͘͠ͳ͍ɽΩϟϕπ͸
Fig. 5 9 ݄ 9 ೔͔Β 9 ݄ 12 ೔·Ͱ༿ೞΕηϯαग़ྗɼ஍Թͱମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʢ2.5 cm ͱ 5 cm ਂʣɽ౔தͷۭ‫ؾ‬ཁ‫࡞͍ߴ͕ྔٻ‬෺Ͱ͋Γʢத໺Βɼ2014ʣ
ɼ௸

Output of leaf wetness sensor, soil temperature, andvolumetric water contents at 2.5 cm and 5 cm depths
during 9/9/2008 – 9/12/2008.

ཁͱͳΔɽ·ͨߴਫ෼౔৕தͰ͸ਁಁʹ൐͏঳ࢎଶ஠ૉ

࿀ଜͰͷΩϟϕπ࠿ഓ͸‫ׯ‬͹ͭΑΓ΋࣪֐΁ͷ஫ҙ͕ॏͷ༹୤͕‫͜ى‬Γ΍͍͢ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ௸࿀ଜͰ͸஍Լਫதͷ஠ૉೱ౓͕ߴ͘ʢ‫۽‬୩Βɼ2009ʣɼ‫ݪ‬Ҽͱߟ͑ΒΕ
Δ஠ૉංྉͷ༹୤ʹ͜ͷߴ͍౔৕ਫ෼ྔ͕Ө‫ڹ‬Λ‫͠΅ٴ‬͍ͯΔͱߟ͑Β͑Δɽ͜ͷ঳ࢎଶ஠ૉͷ༹୤͸ 3.1.3 ͷ

ECw ͷมԽʢߴ EC ஋͕߱Ӎͱͱ΋ʹԼ૚ʹҠಈʣ͔Β΋ਪଌͰ͖Δɽ͞Βʹ௸࿀ଜͰ໰୊ͱ͞ΕΔ౔৕৵৯ʹ͍ͭͯ΋౔৕ͷߴਫ෼ྔҡ͕࣋ؔ༩͍ͯ͠Δɽߴਫ෼ྔ
Λอͭ౔৕΁ͷਁ५ྔ͸౔৕ͷ‫ٵ‬ਫ౓͕௿͍ͨΊʹ‫ס‬૩౔৕ʹൺ΂ͯখ͘͞ͳΔʢSmith, 1999ʣɽ݁Ռ߱Ӎ͕஍ද໘ྲྀͱͳΓқ͘ɼ౔৕৵৯ྔ͕૿͑Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

3.2 ౙ‫ق‬ϞχλϦϯά
3.2.1 ౙ‫ق‬஍ԹͷมԽ
Fig. 7 ʹౙ‫ق‬ϞχλϦϯάʹΑͬͯಘΒΕͨ౔৕Թ౓
ͱ஍ද໘ͷ൓ࣹ܎਺Λࣔͨ͠ɽ൓ࣹ܎਺͸஍ද໘ͷঢ়ଶ
Fig. 6 ‫ͨ͠ࢉܭ‬஍ද໘ͷ೤ऩࢧ߲ɽ
Estimated surface energy balance.

΍౔৕ਫ෼ྔʹΑͬͯมԽ͢ΔɽࠇϘΫ౔ͳͲࠇ৭ͷ౔Ͱ͋Ε͹ 0.08 ͔Β 0.13 ఔ౓Ͱɼ৽ઇͷ൓ࣹ܎਺͸ 0.75
͔Β 0.95 ఔ౓ͱඇৗʹߴ͘ͳΔʢCampbell and Norman,

10౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)Ͱੜ௕ྔͷఆྔԽ͕ՄೳͰ͋ΔʢࣲాΒɼ1993ʣɽ·ͨɼ͜ΕΒͷը૾Λ౔৕ਫ෼ྔ΍౔৕༹ӷ EC ͳͲͷσʔλͱরΒ͠߹ΘͤΔ͜ͱͰ‫ݱ‬஍ͷঢ়‫گ‬ΛΑΓৄࡉʹ೺Ѳ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽͨͱ͑͹ɼ8 ݄ 16 ೔ͷߴ‫౓ڧ‬ͷ߱Ӎͷࡍʹ͸ɼܹ͍͠஍ද໘ྲྀ͕໨ଌͰ͖ɼ౔৕ਫ෼ྔͷ૿Ճ͸֬ೝͰ͖Δ΋ͷͷɼ߱ӍͷશͯΛ౔৕͕อ࣋ͯ͠ͳ͍
͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ·ͨ 8 ݄ 31 ೔͔Β 9 ݄ 22 ೔ͷؒʹΩϟϕπͷ݁‫·͕࢝ٿ‬Δͷ͕ը૾͔Β֬ೝͰ͖Δɽಉ࣌‫ʹظ‬౔৕தͷ ECw ͸‫ݮ‬গ͠ɼ9 ݄ 22 ೔Ҏ߱͸΄΅ҰఆͱͳΔ͜ͱ͔Βɼ୯७ʹ஠ૉͷ༹୤ͷΈͰ͸ͳ͘ɼ݁‫ʹٿ‬൐͍‫ʹܹٸ‬Ωϟϕπʹ঳ࢎଶ஠ૉ͕‫ٵ‬ऩ͞ΕͨՄೳੑ΋ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

Fig. 7 2007 ೥ౙ‫ق‬ͷ஍Թͱ஍ද໘ͷ൓ࣹ܎਺ͷมԽɽ
Soil temperature and reﬂection coefﬁcient during thewinter season 2007.

ౙ‫ق‬ϞχλϦϯάதʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼ౔৕ਫ෼มಈͷղ໌ʹ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾͕େ͍ʹߩ‫ͨ͠ݙ‬ɽFig. 9 ͸ Fig. 8 தͰܹ͍͠೔มಈΛ‫ه‬࿥ͨ͠ 12 ݄ 13 ೔͔Β 12 ݄ 20 ೔·Ͱͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰Λɼ஍ද໘ͷ൓ࣹ܎਺ɼ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ͱͱ΋ʹදͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾͔Βɼனؒʹ༥ઇ͠஍ද໘
͕࿐ग़ɼͦͯ͠໷ؒʹ·ͨੵઇ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔ͬͨɽ͜ͷ‫ݱ‬৅ͷ‫܁‬Γฦ͠ʹΑΓମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷ೔มಈ͕‫ى‬͖͍ͯͨɽ೔ͷग़‫͍ߴʹޙ‬஋Λࣔͨ͠൓ࣹ܎਺͕னؒʹ‫ݮ‬গ͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱ͔Β΋ಉ༷ͷ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάͰ‫ه‬࿥͞ΕΔ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾͸਺஋σʔλ͚ͩͰ͸ཧղ͕͍ͨ͠‫ݱ‬஍ͷঢ়‫گ‬Λղऍ͢ΔͨΊʹඇৗʹ༗ޮͰ͋ͬͨɽ

Table 1 ʹ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ͷଘࡏͷ༗ແʹΑΔσʔλղऍͷมԽʹ͍ͭͯ Case I Ն‫ق‬ϞχλϦϯάதͷߴ‫౓ڧ‬ͷ߱Ӎ࣌ͱ Case II ౙ‫ق‬ϞχλϦϯάதͷ౔৕ਫ෼ྔͷ೔ม
Fig. 8 2007 ೥ౙ‫ق‬ͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷมԽɽ
Soil moisture during the winter season 2007.

ಈʹ͍ͭͯ·ͱΊͨɽTable 1 ͔Β‫ݱ‬஍ը૾͕ར༻Մೳ
ͳࡍʹղऍ͕ΑΓৄࡉʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ͕Θ͔ΔɽCase

I Ͱ͸ը૾͕ͳ͍৔߹ɼ౔৕ਫ෼ྔ͔Β௚઀తʹ͸஍ද
1998ʣɽΑͬͯ Fig. 7 தͷ൓ࣹ܎਺ͷ্ঢ͸ੵઇͷଘࡏΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δɽද૚ۙ͘ͷ౔৕Թ౓͸ 2007 ೥ 12 ݄ 12೔·Ͱ͸େ͖͘೔มಈΛ͍͕ͯͨ͠ɼͦΕҎ߱͸೔มಈ͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕͣ؇΍͔ͳ‫ݮ‬গΛࣔͨ͠ɽͦΕͱಉ࣌ʹ൓ࣹ܎਺͕‫૿ʹܹٸ‬Ճ͠ɼੵઇ͕‫͕ͱͨͬ͜͜ى‬Θ͔ΔɽΑͬͯ೔มಈͷऩଋ͸ߴ͍൓ࣹ܎਺Λ࣋ͭઇ໘ʹΑͬͯ΄ͱΜͲͷ೔ࣹ͕൓ࣹ͞ΕͨͨΊͱΈΒΕΔɽ

3.2.2 ౙ‫ق‬ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷมԽ
Fig. 8 ʹ͸ౙ‫ق‬ϞχλϦϯάதͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷมԽΛࣔͨ͠ɽ౔৕ਫ෼ྔͷ܏޲ͱ͸ରরతʹɼੵઇͷ‫͜ى‬Δ

12 ݄ 12 ೔·Ͱ͸೔มಈ͸‫ݟ‬ΒΕͣ؇΍͔ʹ‫ݮ‬গ͍ͯͨ͠ɽ͔͠͠ 12 ݄ 12 ೔Λա͗Δͱܹ͍͠೔มಈΛࣔͨ͠ɽ͜ͷ‫ݱ‬৅ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ 3.3 અ಺ʹͯߟ࡯͢Δɽ
3.3 ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ͱ౔৕ · ‫ؾ‬৅σʔλͷϦϯΫ
࠿ഓ‫ظ‬ͷϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάͰ͸ɼ஍ද໘ඃ෴཰
ͷมԽɼ݁‫ٿ‬ͷੜҭঢ়‫Ͳͳگ‬ͷΩϟϕπੜ௕΍ɼ߱Ӎʹ൐͏஍ද໘ྲྀͷൃੜʢFig.1dɼ8 ݄ 16 ೔ը૾ʣɼࢪං΍೶ༀࢄ෍ͳͲͷ࠿ഓ؅ཧʢFig.1dɼ8 ݄ 31 ೔ը૾ʣͳͲΛ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾͔Β֬ೝ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽ‫ݱ‬஍ะ৔ͷ২ੜͷੜҭঢ়‫گ‬͸ɼҰൠʹ࢖༻͞ΕΔηϯαྨ͔Β͸೺Ѳ͕೉͍͠ཁૉͷͻͱͭͰ͋Δɽ͜ͷ FS ը૾Λղੳ͢Δ͜ͱ໘ྲྀग़ͷ༗ແ͸೺ѲͰ͖ͳ͍ɽ͔͠͠‫ݱ‬஍ը૾͕ܹ͍͠
஍ද໘ྲྀΛଊ͍͑ͯΔͨΊɼ࣮ࡍʹ͸౔৕தʹ͸ਁಁͤͣྲྀग़͍ͯ͠Δ߱Ӎ͕͋Δ͜ͱ͕৽ͨͳղऍͱͯ͠ಘΒ
ΕΔɽCase II Ͱ͸‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ͳ͠Ͱ͸౔৕ਫ෼ྔσʔλͷมಈΛղऍ͢Δ͜ͱ͸೉͘͠ɼηϯα΋͘͠͸σʔλϩΨʔͷ‫ނ‬োͱ͍͏‫ͨͬޡ‬ղऍΛಋ͍ͯ͠·͍ɼ‫ڵ‬ຯਂ͍౔৕ਫ෼มಈ‫ݱ‬৅Λ‫ݟ‬མͱͯ͠͠·͏Մೳੑ͕͋Δɽ͔͠͠‫ݱ‬஍ը૾͕ଘࡏ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯ͜Ε͕ηϯαͷ‫ނ‬োͰ͸ͳ͘ɼ༥ઇͱ߱ઇʹΑ࣮ͬͯࡍʹ‫͍ͯͬ͜ى‬Δ‫ݱ‬৅Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾͸౔৕ਫ෼ηϯα౳Ͱ͸೺ѲͰ͖ͳ͍ਫͷ‫ڍ‬ಈ͕ը૾ʹΑͬͯ֬
ೝͰ͖ΔࡍʹಛʹҖྗΛൃ‫ͨ͠ش‬ɽ·ͨɼϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάͷϦΞϧλΠϜੑ͸ɼ‫ݱ‬৔ͷྟ৔‫ײ‬Λ఻͑Δͱ͍͏໘ͰޮՌతͰ͋ͬͨɽ2 ෼ຖʹ‫ܭ‬ଌ͞Εసૹ͞ΕΔϦΞϧλΠϜը૾͸‫ݱ‬৔ͷྟ৔‫ײ‬Λ‫؍‬ଌऀʹ༩͑Δɽ

Table 1 ʹࣔͨ྆͠ Case ͱ΋ಈըʹ͍ۙϦΞϧλΠϜը૾͔ͩΒͦ͜‫ݱ‬৔Ͱ‫؍‬ଌΛߦ͍ͬͯΔ͔ͷΑ͏ͳϥΠϒ‫ײ‬Λ࣋ͬͨ‫ݱ‬৅೺Ѳ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽྫ͑͹ Case I Ͱ͸ 2 ෼͓͖ͷ߱Ӎͱ஍ද໘ྲྀͷ‫ڧ‬ऑͷμΠφϛοΫͳมԽ͕ɼ

Case II Ͱ͸ঃʑʹ༹͚ͯΏ͘ੵઇͱ࿐ग़ͯ͠Ώ͘஍ද໘͕ࢹ֮తʹಈըΛ‫͍ͯݟ‬Δ͔ͷΑ͏ʹ೺ѲͰ͖ͨɽ࿦จɿ‫ؾ‬৅ · ౔৕‫؍‬ଌσʔλͱ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ΛϦϯΫͨ͠೶஍ ICT ϞχλϦϯάͷ༗ޮੑ

Fig. 9 2007 ೥ 12 ݄ 13 ೔͔Β 12 ݄ 20 ೔ͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰มԽͱะ৔ը૾ɽ
Soil moisture and ﬁeld images during Dec. 13 to Dec. 20, 2007.

Table 1 ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ͷ༗ແʹΑΔσʔλղऍͷՄೳੑɽ
Potential data interpretation with and without ﬁeld images.
ը૾ͳ͠

ը૾༗Γ

ද໘ྲྀग़ͷ༗ແ͸ਫ෼ྔ஍ද໘ྲྀग़͕֬ೝͰ͖ɼ߱

มԽ͔Β͸௚઀Θ͔ΒͳਫྔΑΓগͳ͍ਫ͕౔த

͍΁ਁಁ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕Θ

Case I ɹՆ‫ق‬஍ද໘ྲྀ

͔Δ

Casa II ɹౙ‫ق‬ਫ෼ྔมಈ
༥ઇ΍߱ઇͷ࣌‫ظ‬Λಛఆ༥ઇͱ߱ઇͷ࣌‫ظ‬ΛಛఆͰ͖ͣɼਫ෼ྔมԽΛҟͰ͖ɼਫ෼ྔͷมಈΛਖ਼ৗ஋ͱͯ͠൑அ͢ΔՄೳ

͘͠ධՁͰ͖Δੑେ

11౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)12

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4. ͓ΘΓʹ

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࿦จɿ‫ؾ‬৅ · ౔৕‫؍‬ଌσʔλͱ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ΛϦϯΫͨ͠೶஍ ICT ϞχλϦϯάͷ༗ޮੑਢాޭҰ (2010): ‫܈‬അ‫͚͓ʹݝ‬ΔՆळΩϟϕπੜ࢈ͷ‫ػ‬ցԽ࠷
લઢ. ೶‫ػۀ‬ցֶձࢽ, 72: 207–210.

13έʔγϣϯ. ೶‫ۀ‬৘ใ‫ڀݚ‬, 23: 1–11.
҆ ઒ խ ‫ل‬, ‫ ݜ‬୩ ߂ ࢠ, ߔ ‫ ޱ‬ɹ উ, ໦ Ӝ ୎ ࣏, ‫ ت‬࿈ ઒ ༏ (2011):

ాதɹ‫ܚ‬, ਂ௡࣌޿, ฏ౻խ೭ (2014): FS-DIVA: ϑΟʔϧυαʔόʹΑΔ‫؍‬ଌσʔλͱࡱӨը૾ͷͨΊͷදࣔ༻ Web ΞϓϦཁ

PDBFM: ϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάͷͨΊͷσʔλϒϥ΢β. ৘ใॲཧֶձ࿦จࢽ, 52: 3682–3698.

ࢫ౔৕ · ‫ؾ‬৅‫؍‬ଌσʔλͱ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ΛϦϯΫͨ͠೶஍ ICT ϞχλϦϯάͷ༗ޮੑΛɼߴྫྷ஍Ωϟϕπ࠿ഓാʹ͓͚Δਫ॥‫؀‬ͷ೺ѲΛࣄྫͱͯ͠‫ͨ͠ূݕ‬ɽ͜ͷϞχλϦϯά͸ϑΟʔϧυαʔόʔͱ Decagon

Devices ੡ͷηϯα͓ΑͼσʔλϩΨʔΛ༻͍ͯՆ‫ͱق‬ౙ‫ʹق‬෼͚ͯߦΘΕͨɽͦͷ݁Ռɼର৅ാͷද૚౔৕Ͱ͸࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬Λ௨ͯ͠ߴਫ෼͕ҡ࣋͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕Θ͔ͬͨɽ͜Ε͸ߗ൫૚ͷଘࡏͱৠൃࢄྔ
Λେ্͖͘ճΔӍྔʹ‫ى‬Ҽ͍ͯͨ͠ɽ·ͨ߱Ӎʹ൐͏౔৕தͷ༹࣭ͷҠಈ΋֬ೝͰ͖ͨɽ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ʹΑͬͯΩϟϕπͷੜ௕ɼ߱Ӎʹ൐͏஍ද໘ྲྀɼੵઇͱͦͷ༥ղͳͲ͕ࢹ֮తʹ೺ѲͰ͖ͨɽ·ͨ౔৕ ·‫ؾ‬৅σʔλͱϦϯΫͤ͞Δ͜ͱͰɼैདྷͷ਺஋σʔλͷΈͰ͸ཧղͰ͖ͳ͔ͬͨ‫ݱ‬৅ͷղऍ͕Մೳͱͳ
ΓɼΑΓ߹ཧੑͷߴ͍ߟ࡯͕Ͱ͖ͨɽྫ͑͹ౙ‫ق‬ͷ஍Թͱମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰͕ੵઇͱ༥ઇʹ൐͍ҟͳΔ೔มಈ
Λࣔ͢͜ͱ͸‫ݱ‬஍ը૾͕ͳ͚Ε͹ղ໌Ͱ͖ͳ͔ͬͨɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹຊ‫ʹڀݚ‬ΑΓɼICT Λ༻͍ͨ೶஍ϞχλϦϯά͸ैདྷͷଌఆʹର͠ɼ‫ݱ‬৔ΛΑΓৄࡉʹแ‫ׅ‬తʹ೺ѲͰ͖Δ༗ޮͳπʔϧͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕࣮ূ͞ΕͨɽΩʔϫʔυɿICTɼϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάɼϦΞϧλΠϜɼ‫ݱ‬஍ը૾ɼ౔৕৘ใ

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 131, p.15 ∼ 22 (2015)

5TE ηϯαʔΛ༻͍ͨ௡೾ඃ֐Λड͚࣭ͨ࠭ാͷ౔৕ EC ϞχλϦϯά
‫ٶ‬ຊًਔ 1 · ُࢁ޾࢘ 1 · ‫ ྑ޾ాؠ‬1 · Ԙ໺ོ߂ 1

Soil salinity assessment in a ﬁeld covered with seawater using the 5TE sensor
Teruhito MIYAMOTO1 , Koji KAMEYAMA1 , Yukiyoshi IWATA1 and Takahiro SHIONO1

Abstract: It is essential to simultaneously monitor soil
water content (θ ) and bulk electrical conductivity (ECa )in ﬁeld soils for soil salinity assessment. A low-cost capacitance sensor, 5TE (Decagon Devices), can be used to
study temporal variations in θ and ECa . Laboratory andﬁeld experiments were conducted to investigate the applicability of the 5TE sensor to monitor the salinity in theﬁelds damaged with seawater at the time of the 2011 of
the Paciﬁc coast of Tohoku earthquake. The dependencyof calibration curves on salinity for estimating θ was evaluated. The salinity effects could be neglected when the solution EC (ECw ) was lower than 7 dS m−1 . The Rhoades
model was found to be reasonably accurate to describe the
ECa –ECw –θ relationships. Moreover, ECw obtained by
the 5TE sensor, combined with the Rhoades model, waspositively correlated with EC1:5 (EC of 1 : 5 soil:water extracts). These results suggested that EC1:5 can be estimatedfrom the θ and ECa measurements using the 5TE sensor.
Field monitoring using the 5TE sensors revealed that salts
in the root zone were sufﬁciently removed by rainwater
during the summer after the damage; thus, EC1:5 values
at 0.15 and 0.3 m depths became adequately lower by theend of July. In the following months, EC1:5 values at 0 and
0.3 m depths remained lower than 0.2 dS m−1 during thecultivation period for strawberries from October to April
whereas EC1:5 values at 0.45 m depth ﬂuctuated between
0.4 and 0.8 dS m−1 . Simultaneous monitoring of θ and
ECa , by using the 5TE sensors, can provide highly detailed
information concerning temporal variations in soil salinity.
Key Words : capacitance sensor, tsunami, salt concentration, electrical conductivity

1. ͸͡Ίʹ
౦೔ຊେ਒ࡂʹ͓͚Δ௡೾ʹΑΓଟྔͷԘ෼͕ྲྀೖ͠
ͨ೶஍Ͱ͸ɼ‫ࡏݱ‬ɼআԘ࡞‫ʹۀ‬ΑΓӦ೶Λ࠶։͍ͯ͠Δɽ
͔͠͠ɼআԘ͕े෼Ͱͳ͍೶஍΍Լ૚͔ΒͷԘ෼্ঢ͕
1 NARO Institute for Rural Engineering, 2-1-6 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, 305-

8609, Japan. Corresponding authorɿ‫ٶ‬ຊًਔɼ೶‫ߏػݚ‬ɹ೶ଜ޻ֶ‫ݚ‬‫ॴڀ‬.
2015 ೥ 6 ݄ 26 ೔डߘɹ 2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 8 ೔डཧ‫ݒ‬೦͞ΕΔస‫׵‬ാ΍ാͰ͸ɼࠓ‫ͱޙ‬΋Ԙ෼ಈଶͷϞχλϦϯάΛߦ͍ͳ͕Βɼద࣌ʹᕲਫ౳ʹΑΓԘ෼੍‫ޚ‬Λߦ͏͜ͱ͕ॏཁͰ͋ΔɽΘ͕ࠃͰ͸౔৕தͷԘ෼ೱ౓ͷ೺ѲͷͨΊʹɼ‫ ౔ס‬1ʹରͯ͠ৠཹਫ 5 ΛՃ͑ͨ‫ݒ‬୙ӷͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ʢEC1:5 ʣΛଌఆ͢Δ 1 : 5 ਫਁग़๏͕༻͍ΒΕΔɽ͜ͷଌఆ๏͸؆ศ๏ͱͯ͠ී‫͍ͯ͠ٴ‬Δ͕ɼଟ͘ͷ೶஍Ͱ 1 : 5 ਫਁग़๏Λ༻͍ͯ EC Λଌఆ͢Δͷ͸ଟେͳ࿑ྗΛཁ͢Δɽ·ͨɼ౔৕࠾औ࣌ʹ‫ݱ‬৔Λ֧ཚͯ͠͠·͏ͨΊɼఆ఺ௐࠪ
ʹ΋޲͔ͳ͍ɽଞํɼআԘͷޮՌΛ൑ผ͢ΔͨΊʹɼి࣓༠ಋ๏΍؆қ EC ‫ܭ‬౳Λ༻͍ͯόϧΫ౔৕ ECʢECa ʣ͕ଌఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽECa ͷଌఆ͸؆қʹߦ͑ΔͨΊɼଟ͘ͷ೶஍ͰͷσʔλऔಘΛՄೳͱ͠ɼআԘͷޮՌΛ൑ఆ
͢Δ্Ͱ༗༻ͳࢦඪͱ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢ‫ף‬Β, 2012ʣɽ͔͠͠ɼECa ͸౔৕ͷ‫ݻ‬૬෦෼ͱ౔৕ਫͷ྆ํͷ఻ಋੑ͕൓
ө͞ΕΔ EC Ͱ͋ΔɽՃ͑ͯɼECa ͸౔৕ਫ෼ྔʹ΋େ͖͘ґଘ͠ɼ߱Ӎ௚‫ޙ‬΍ᕲਫ‫ʹͲͳޙ‬͸ɼԘ෼ྔ͸มΘΒͳͯ͘΋ɼECa ্͕ঢ͢Δ͜ͱ͕͠͹͠͹‫͜ى‬Δɽ
ి࣓೾Λར༻ͨ͠ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʢθ ʣͱ ECa ͷಉ࣌ଌఆٕज़͕ 1990 ೥୅͔Β੝Μʹ‫͞ڀݚ‬Ε͖͍ͯͯΔɽTime
domain reﬂectometryʢTDRʣ͸ɼి࣓೾ͷ఻೻଎౓Λར༻ͯ͠౔৕ͷ༠ి཰͔Β θ Λɼ·ͨɼి࣓೾ͷ‫ݮ‬ਰಛੑ͔Β ECa Λಉ࣌ʹଌఆͰ͖ΔɽTDR Ͱ͸ಉ͡౔৕ମੵதͷ θ ͱ ECa Λਝ଎ʹଌఆͰ͖ΔͨΊɼࣨ಺΍໺֎ʹ͓͚Δ༹࣭Ҡಈଌఆʹ༻͍ΒΕ͖ͯͨʢྫ͑͹ɼNoborioɼ
2001ʣɽTDR ͕໺֎ʹ͓͚Δ༹࣭Ҡಈଌఆʹద༻͞Εͨॳ‫ظ‬ͷஈ֊Ͱ͸ɼTDR Ͱଌఆ͞ΕΔ ECa Λ༻༹͍࣭ͨೱ౓ͷਪఆ͕ߦΘΕ͕ͨɼECa ͸ θ ͱ౔৕༹ӷ EC
ʢECw ʣͷ྆ํʹґଘ͢ΔͨΊɼθ Λ͋Δఔ౓Ұఆͷ৚݅ʹͯ͠ଌఆ͢Δඞཁ͕͋ͬͨʢKachanoski et al., 1992;
Ward et al., 1994; Vanclooster et al., 1995ʣɽ໺֎Ͱ θ ͕มԽ͢Δ৚݅ԼͰͷ༹࣭ҠಈϞχλϦϯάΛߦ͏ͨΊɼ

TDR Ͱଌఆ͞ΕΔ θ ͱ ECa ͔Β ECa –ECw –θ ؔ܎Λհ
ͯ͠ ECw Λਪఆ͢Δํ๏͕‫ݕ‬౼͞ΕʢHeimovaara et al.,

1995; Mallants et al., 1996; Risler et al., 1996ʣɼߋʹ ECw
͔Β༹࣭ೱ౓Λਪఆ͢Δํ๏΋‫ݕ‬౼͞ΕͨʢDe Neve et16౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)

al., 2000; Muñoz-Carpena et al., 2005ʣɽ͜ͷํ๏ʹΑΓ

2. ࢼ‫ํݧ‬๏໺֎Ͱ΋ංྉ੒෼΍Ԙ෼ͷҠಈաఔΛ೺ѲͰ͖Δ͜ͱ͕ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢBhabani et al.ɼ1999ʀొඌΒɼ2005ʀ

2.1 ࢼ‫ݧ‬ะ৔ͷ֓ཁ

Miyamoto et al.ɼ2015ʣɽ͜ΕΒͷ‫ڀݚ‬ͷதͰ ECa –ECw –θ ؔ܎ͷ‫ݧܦ‬Ϟσϧʢྫ͑͹ɼRhoades et al., 1976ʣ΍ཧ࿦ϞσϧʢMualem and Friedman, 1991; Hilhorst, 2000ʣʹ͍ͭͯ΋ద༻ੑͷ‫ݕ‬౼͕ͳ͞ΕͨʢBhabani et al., 1999;
Muñoz-Carpena et al., 2005; Miyamoto et al., 2015ʣɽ͠
͔͠ɼTDR ʹΑΔଌఆͰ͸औΓѻ͍ʹઐ໳తͳٕೳΛཁ
͢Δߴֹͳଌఆ‫ثػ‬Λ࢖༻͢ΔͨΊɼ౔৕தͷਫ · ༹࣭౓‫ף‬ਫͨ͠ɽද૚ʹ 5 ∼ 7 cm ଯੵͨ͠ϔυϩΛআ‫ޙڈ‬ɼҠಈͷ‫؍‬ଌΛઐ໳ͱ͢Δ‫ऀڀݚ‬΍ٕज़ऀҎ֎ͷϢʔβʔʢਔ‫ · ޙ‬Տాɼ2011ʣɽআԘ࡞‫͕ۀ‬ऴྃ͠ɼ10 ݄͔Β͸Πʹ͸ಋೖ͠ʹ͍͘ଌఆख๏Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ

νΰ࠿ഓ͕࠶։͞ΕͨɽΠνΰ࠿ഓ͸ϋ΢εͷதʹ஍දࢼ‫ݧ‬ะ৔͸‫ٶ‬৓‫ݝ‬࿱ཧ‫܊‬࿱ཧொ಺ͷΠνΰ࠿ഓϋ΢εͰɼ౦೔ຊେ਒ࡂ࣌ʹ͸௡೾ʹΑΓւਫ͕ 5 ೔ؒɼ1 m ఔ

6 ্݄०ʹϋ΢εͷϏχʔϧ͕औΓ෷ΘΕɼ߱ӍʹΑΔ
আԘ͕։࢝͞Εͨɽ6 ݄Լ०͔Β͸ྡ઀͢Δϋ΢ε 6 ౩Λ࢖͍ɼ౦๺೶੓‫ہ‬ͷ೶஍ͷআԘ࣮ূௐ͕࣮ࠪࢪ͞Εͨ

ۙ೥ɼTDR ͱಉ༷ʹ θ ͱ ECa ɼߋʹԹ౓Λಉ࣌ଌఆ໘͔Β 0.3 m ͷߴ͞ͷ੊ΛཱͯͯߦΘΕͨɽ੊෦ͱ੊ؒ

Ͱ͖Δηϯαʔ͕ී‫͍͖ͯͯ͠ٴ‬ΔɽDecagon ࣾͷ 5TE

ͷશ໘ʹϏχʔϧϚϧν͕ෑ͔Εɼ੊ͷதԝ෦ʹෑઃ͠ηϯαʔ͸ͦͷҰͭͰ͋ΓɼTDR ͱൺ΂ͯૢ࡞ੑ͕؆

ͨᕲਫνϡʔϒʹΑΓᕲਫ͕ߦΘΕͨɽࢼ‫ݧ‬ะ৔͸‫ٶ‬ຊศͳ͏͑ಋೖίετ΋཈͑ͯଌఆ͕ߦ͑Δར఺͕͋Δɽ

Βʢ2012ʣͱಉҰะ৔Ͱ͋Γɼද૚ʢ0 ∼ 0.3 mʣ͕ࠇ৭ͨͩ͠ɼ͜ͷ 5TE ηϯαʔ͸ҹՃप೾਺͕ 70 MHz ͱͷ A ૚ɼԼ૚ʢ0.3 m Ҏਂʣ͕ԫ৭ͷ B ૚Ͱ͋ͬͨɽද

TDR ʹൺ΂ͯ௿͍ͨΊɼθ Λଌఆ͢Δͱ͖ʹԘ෼ͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λड͚΍͍͢ʢScudiero et al., 2012; Kargas et al., 2014ʣɽͦͷͨΊɼ5TE ηϯαʔͰଌఆ͞Εͨ θ ͷԘ෼ґଘੑʹ͸஫ҙ͕ඞཁͰ͋ΔɽΘ͕ࠃͰ͸౦೔ຊେ਒ࡂ࣌ʹ ECaΛ؆ศʹଌఆͰ͖ΔηϯαʔͷҰͭͱͯ͠ɼ5TE ηϯ૚౔͸࠭৕౔ɼԼ૚౔͸৕࣭࠭౔Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ‫ס‬૩ີ౓͸ද૚౔͕ 1.24g cm−3 ɼԼ૚౔͸ 1.38 g cm−3 Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ
·ͨɼؒܺ཰͸ද૚౔ɼԼ૚౔ͦΕͧΕ 0.54 ͱ 0.5 Ͱ͋ͬͨɽͦͷଞͷओͳ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ͸‫ٶ‬ຊΒʢ2012ʣʹใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽαʔ͕‫ݱ‬஍ௐࠪͰ޿͘࢖ΘΕΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨʢઍ༿Βɼ

2.2 5TE ηϯαʔͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯ

2011ʀՃ౻Βɼ2011ʀؔ໼Βɼ2012ʣɽ͔͠͠ɼ5TE ηϯαʔΛ༻͍ͯ໺֎ͰϞχλϦϯάΛߦ͍ɼTDR ͱಉ༷ʹ θ ͱ ECa Λಉ࣌ଌఆͯ͠ ECw Λਪఆ͠ɼߋʹԘࢼ‫ݧ‬ะ৔ͷද૚౔͓ΑͼԼ૚౔͔Β࠾औͨ͠᎟ཚ౔ΛͦΕͧΕ಺‫ ܘ‬10 cmɼߴ͞ 40 cm ͷΞΫϦϧԁ౵ʹߴ͞෼ೱ౓Λਪఆ͢ΔࢼΈ͸ੈքతʹ‫ͯݟ‬΋গͳ͍ɽ‫ٶ‬ຊΒ

30 cm ·Ͱ٧Ίɼ3 ϙΞϰΥϦϡʔϜ෼ͷ୤ΠΦϯਫΛਁಁͤͯ͞౔৕தͷԘ෼Λআ‫ͨ͠ڈ‬ɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼ2 mm ᝲʢ2012ʣ΍෢౻Βʢ2011ʣ͸௡೾ඃࡂ೶஍ͷআԘաఔΛධͰᝲ෼͚Λߦ͍ɼ෩‫౔ͨͤ͞ס‬৕ࢼྉΛ༻͍ͨɽ

Ձ͢ΔͨΊʹ 5TE ηϯαʔͰ θ ͱ ECa Λಉ࣌ଌఆ͠ɼ

౔৕ਫ෼ྔͷଌఆͷͨΊͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯ͸࣍ͷͦΕΒͷଌఆ஋Λ΋ͱʹ ECw Λਪఆ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͔͠͠ɼ

Α͏ʹߦͬͨɽ௚‫ ܘ‬6 cmɼߴ͞ 13 cm ͷԁ౵༰‫ ʹث‬11෮‫ظॳچ‬ͷਝ଎ͳରԠ͕‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔதͰͷධՁͰ͋ͬͨ

ٰ࠭ാͷ౔৕ਫ෼ · ༹࣭ྔมಈͷଌఆΛߦͬͨɽ·ͨɼcm ͷߴ͞·Ͱɼ‫ݱ‬஍ͷ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ʹͳΔΑ͏ʹ౔৕ࢼྉΛ‫ۉ‬౳ʹ٧Ίͨɽ5TE ηϯαʔΛճ࿏෦෼·Ͱຒઃͯ͠ɼθ ʹؔ͢Δग़ྗ஋ΛϋϯυϔϧυϦʔμʔʢDecagon ࣾʣͰಡΈऔͬͨɽ5TE ηϯαʔͷग़ྗ஋Λ 50 ͰׂΔ͜ͱʹΑΓ༠ి཰ʢε ʣʹ‫ͨ͠ࢉ׵‬ɽ౔৕ΧϥϜશମͷॏྔΛଌఆͯ͠ θ Λ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽଌఆऴྃ‫ޙ‬ɼԁ౵༰‫಺ث‬ͷ౔৕෢౻Βʢ2015ʣ͸ 5TE ηϯαʔͰଌఆͨ͠౔৕ਫ෼ྔͷࢼྉΛ༰‫ʹث‬ग़ͯ͠ɼ୤ΠΦϯਫΛՃ͑ͯਫ෼ௐ੔Λߦ؆қิਖ਼๏ͱ Rhoades et al.ʢ1976ʣ΍ Hilhorstʢ2000ʣ͍ɼҰ൩ஔ͍ͯ౔৕ࢼྉͱਫΛे෼ೃછ·͔ͤͯΒ࠶ͼͷϞσϧΛ༻͍ͨ ECw ͷਪఆͷద༻ੑΛ࣮‫ࣨݧ‬Ϩϕϧԁ౵༰‫ʹث‬ೖΕɼ5TE ηϯαʔͷग़ྗ஋ͷऔಘͱॏྔଌ

Ͱ‫ݕ‬౼͍ͯ͠ΔɽఆΛߦͬͨɽ͜ͷ࡞‫ۀ‬Λ 7 ∼ 8 ճ‫܁‬Γฦͯ͠ද૚౔ͱԼ

ͨΊɼECw ͷਪఆʹ༻͍ͨ ECa –ECw –θ ؔ܎͸‫ط‬ଘͷ΋ͷΛ༻͍͓ͯΓɼద༻ੑʹؔ͢Δৄࡉͳ‫ݕ‬౼͸ߦΘΕ͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼ҆த · Ֆࢁʢ2014ʣ͸ 5TE ηϯαʔΛ༻ٰ͍ͯ࠭࠭ͷ ECa –ECw –θ ؔ܎Λಘͨ͏͑Ͱɼ

ຊ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ໨త͸ɼ௡೾ඃ֐Λड͚࣭ͨ࠭ാͷ౔৕Ԙ෼૚౔ͷͦΕͧΕͷ ε –θ ؔ܎Λಘͨɽθ ͱ ECa ͔Β ECw Λਪఆ͢ΔͨΊͷ ECa –ECw –θ ؔͦͷͨΊɼ‫ٶ‬ຊΒʢ2012ʣͰ͸ະ࣮ࢪͰ࣮͋ͬͨ‫ࣨݧ‬Ϩ܎ͷऔಘ࣮‫ݧ‬͸࣍ͷΑ͏ʹߦͬͨɽ 4 छྨͷ KCl ༹ӷϕϧͰͷ 5TE ηϯαʔͷ θ ଌఆ஋ͷԘ෼ґଘੑͷ‫ݕ‬౼ɼ ʢ1ɼ3ɼ5ɼ7 dS m−1 ʣΛͦΕͧΕ౔৕ࢼྉʹՃ͑ͯ 3 छର৅ะ৔ͷ ECa –ECw –θ ؔ܎ͷऔಘͱͱ΋ʹɼECw ͔Βྨͷ θ ͷ౔৕ΧϥϜΛ࡞੒ͨ͠ɽ5TE ηϯαʔΛճ࿏෦
EC1:5 ʹม‫͢׵‬Δߍਖ਼ࣜͷऔಘΛߦͬͨɽߋʹɼ͜ΕΒ෼·Ͱຒઃͯ͠ɼθ ʹؔ͢Δग़ྗ஋ͱ ECa Λϋϯυϔϧ
ͷ݁ՌΛ༻͍࣭ͯ࠭ാͷ౔৕Ԙ෼ϞχλϦϯάΛߦ͍ɼ υϦʔμʔͰಡΈऔͬͨɽ5TE ηϯαʔͰ͸Թ౓΋ಉ࣌‫ط‬ଘͷԘ֐ࢦඪͱͷൺֱʹΑΔԘ֐ϦεΫධՁΛߦ͏ͱଌఆͯ͠ɼ25◦ C ʹԹ౓ิਖ਼͞Εͨ ECa ͷ஋͕ग़ྗ͞Εͱ΋ʹɼ౔৕Ԙ෼ϞχλϦϯά΁ͷ 5TE ηϯαʔར༻ͷΔʢDecagon devices, 2015ʣɽͦͷͨΊɺECa ͷ஋͸ηϯϞχλϦϯά΁ͷ 5TE ηϯαʔͷద༻ੑͷ‫ݕ‬౼Ͱ͋Δɽ՝୊Λ‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ɽαʔग़ྗ஋Λ༻͍ͨɽ·ͨɼ౔৕ΧϥϜશମͷॏྔΛଌఆͯ͠ θ Λ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼԕ৺෼཭‫౔Ͱػ‬৕ࢼྉதͷӷঢ়ਫΛநग़ͯ͠ EC ϝʔλʔʢTwin CondɼHORIBA࿦จɿ5TE ηϯαʔΛ༻͍ͨ௡೾ඃ֐Λड͚࣭ͨ࠭ാͷ౔৕ EC ϞχλϦϯά

17ࣾʣʹΑΓ ECw Λଌఆͨ͠ɽಘΒΕͨ ECa –ECw –θ ؔ܎͸ Rhoades et al.ʢ1976ʣͷϞσϧͰϑΟοςΟϯά
ͨ͠ɽECa = T θ ECw + ECs(1)͜͜Ͱɼಁա܎਺ T ͸ɼ۶‫౓ۂ‬ͷޮՌͱ‫ݻ‬ӷ · ‫ؾ‬ӷք໘ۙ๣ͰͷΠΦϯͷҠಈ౓Λද‫͠ݱ‬ɼT = aθ + bɼʢaɼb ͸
ఆ਺ʣͰ༩͑ΒΕΔʢRhoades et al., 1976ʣɽECs ͸‫ݻ‬૬ද໘ͷ EC ‫د‬༩෼Ͱ͋ΔɽECa ɼECw ͓Αͼ θ ͷଌఆ஋Λ΋ͱʹʢ1ʣࣜͷϑΟοςΟϯάύϥϝʔλʢaɼb ͓Αͼ ECs ʣΛඇઢ‫࠷ܗ‬খೋ৐๏ʹΑΓ‫ٻ‬ΊͨɽECw ͔Β EC1:5 Λਪఆ͢ΔͨΊʹɼ‫ٶ‬ຊΒʢ2012ʣ͕
౔৕தͷԘ෼ೱ౓ͱ EC1:5 Λଌఆͨ͠‫ޙ‬ɼ౔৕ਫ෼ྔ͕
มΘΒͳ͍Α͏ʹϙϦାʹೖΕͯີดͨ͠ঢ়ଶͰྫྷଂอ
؅͍ͯͨ͠౔৕ࢼྉΛ༻͍ͨɽؔ໼Βʢ2012ʣʹ฿͍ɼϙϦାதͷ౔৕ࢼྉʢ0.4 L લ‫ޙ‬ʣʹ 5TE ηϯαʔΛૠ
Fig. 1 ࢼ‫ݧ‬ะ৔΁ͷ 5TE ηϯαʔͷઃஔঢ়‫گ‬.
Schematic of 5TE sensors set-up (a) leaching period (fromJuly to August, 2011), (b) cultivation period of strawberry(from October, 2011 to April, 2012).

ೖͯ͠ା͝ͱखͰ౔৕ΛѲΓɼ౔৕ࢼྉͱ 5TE ηϯαʔͷີணੑΛΑͨ͘͠ঢ়ଶͰ θ ʹؔ͢Δग़ྗ஋ͱ ECa ΛϋϯυϔϧυϦʔμʔͰಡΈऔΓɼϑΟοςΟϯάͰಘΒΕͨ Rhoades ࣜͰ ECw ΛಘͨɽEC1:5 ͸Ҏલʹଌఆͨ݁͠Ռʢ‫ٶ‬ຊΒɼ2012ʣΛ༻͍ͨɽ

2.3 ะ৔ʹ͓͚Δ౔৕ਫ෼ · EC ͷϞχλϦϯά
আԘաఔʹ͓͚Δ౔৕ਫ෼ · EC ͷϞχλϦϯά͸ɼ

5TE ηϯαʔΛਂ͞ 0.15 m ͱ 0.3 mɼ0.45 m ͷ 3 ਂ౓ʹຒઃͯ͠ߦͬͨʢFig. 1ʢaʣʣɽ5TE ηϯαʔ͸σʔλϩΨʔʢEm50ɼDecagon ࣾʣʹ઀ଓ͞Εɼ1 ִ࣌ؒؒͰਂ
͞͝ͱͷ θ ͱ ECa ɼԹ౓Λଌఆͨ͠ɽ‫؍‬ଌ‫ؒظ‬͸ 2011
೥ 7 ݄ 8 ೔͔Β 8 ݄ 2 ೔Ͱ͋Δɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼҰ୴‫؍‬ଌ‫ࡐث‬Λఫ‫ͨ͠ڈ‬ɽআԘ࡞‫͕ۀ‬ऴྃ͠ɼ஍ද໘ʹߴ͞ 0.3 m ͷ੊ཱ͕ͯ͞
Εͨ‫ޙ‬ɼ࠶ͼ 5TE ηϯαʔΛ஍ද໘͔Βਂ͞ 0 m ͱ 0.3

mɼ0.45 m ͷ 3 ਂ౓ʹຒઃͯ͠ɼ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬தͷ౔৕ਫ෼· EC ͷϞχλϦϯάΛߦͬͨʢFig. 1ʢbʣʣɽ͜Ε͸আԘ࡞‫Ͱۀ‬Լ૚ʹҠಈͨ͠Ԙ෼͕࠶্ঢͯ͠ɼΠνΰͷ࠿ഓʹӨ‫͕͋ڹ‬Δ͔Ͳ͏͔Λ‫ݕ‬౼͢ΔͨΊͰ͋Δɽσʔλͷऔಘํ๏͸্‫ͱه‬ಉ༷Ͱ͋Δɽ‫؍‬ଌ‫ؒظ‬͸ 10 ݄ 1 ೔͔Βཌ೥ 4 ݄ 30 ೔·ͰͰ͋Δɽ

3. ݁Ռͱߟ࡯
3.1 5TE ηϯαʔͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯද૚౔ͱԼ૚౔ͷ ε –θ ؔ܎Λ Fig. 2 ʹࣔ͢ɽ‫ٶ‬ຊΒ
ʢ2012ʣͰ͸౔৕ਫ෼ྔͷଌఆʹɼ༗‫ػ‬෺‫ྔؚ‬ͷগͳ͍࣭߭౔৕ͷߍਖ਼ࣜͱͯ͠Α͘༻͍ΒΕΔ Topp ࣜΛ࢖༻
Fig. 2 5TE ηϯαʔͰଌఆ͞Εͨ༠ి཰ʢε ʣͱମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʢθ ʣͷؔ܎ɽ(a) ද૚౔ɼ(b) Լ૚౔ɽRelationship between dielectric permittivity, ε , measured
by 5TE sensor and volumetric water content, θ , for topsoil(a), and subsoil (b). The calibration function derived from
Topp et al. (1980) is also shown for comparison.

͕ͨ͠ɼຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬୤ΠΦϯਫΛ༻͍ͯಘΒΕͨද૚౔ͷ ε –θ ؔ܎͸ Topp ࣜͱൺֱͯ͠ಉ͡༠ి཰Ͱ΋ 0.05
m3 m−3 લ‫ޙ‬େ͖͍஋ͱͳͬͨʢFig. 2ʢaʣʣɽ·ͨɼԼ૚౔ͷ ε –θ ؔ܎͸ Topp ࣜͱ΄΅ಉ͡ʹͳͬͨʢFig. 2ʢbʣʣɽද૚౔ͱԼ૚౔Ͱผʑʹ 3 ࣍ͱ 2 ࣍ͷճ‫ۂؼ‬ઢΛ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽ

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)18

·ͨɼ1 ∼ 7 dS m−1 ͷ KCl ༹ӷͰ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ ε –θ ؔ܎Λද૚౔ɿಉਤʹϓϩοτ͢Δͱɼද૚౔ͱԼ૚౔ͱ΋ʹɼগͳ͘θ = 1.8 × 10−4 ε 3 − 6.7 × 10−3 ε 2−2ͱ΋ଌఆͨ͠ 0.3 m3 m−3 ·Ͱ͸Ԙ෼ґଘੑ͕΄ͱΜͲ
−1+9.94 × 10 ε − 2.74×10(2)ͳ͍͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ5TE ηϯαʔͰଌఆ͞ΕΔ ε ͷԘ෼ґଘੑ͸ɼ࣭࠭౔Ͱ͸౔৕༹ӷͷ EC ͕ 10 dS m−1 Λɹ (R2 = 0.99)

௒͑Δͱେ͖͘ͳΔ͜ͱ͕ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢScudiero etal.ɼ2012ʀ෢౻Βɼ2015ʀ҆த · Ֆࢁɼ2015ʣɽ͜ͷͨԼ૚౔ɿ

θ = −7.92 × 10−4 ε 2 + 4.24 × 10−2 ε − 1.64 × 10−1
(R = 0.98)
2Ίɼ౔৕༹ӷͷ EC ͕ 7 dS m−1 Λ௒͑ͳ͍ൣғͰ͋Ε

(3)

͹ ε –θ ؔ܎ͷԘ෼ґଘੑ͕খ͘͞ɼಘΒΕͨ 5TE ηϯαʔͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯࣜ͸༗ޮͰ͋Δͱ൑அͨ͠ɽ

3.2 ECa –ECw –θ ؔ܎ද૚౔ͱԼ૚౔ͷ ECa –ECw –θ ؔ܎Λ Fig. 3 ʹࣔ͢ɽͦΕͧΕͷ θ ʹରԠ͢Δ ECa –ECw ؔ܎͸௚ઢతͳؔ܎

ʹͳͬͨɽ͜ͷ݁Ռ͸ ECw ͷൣғ͕ 7 dS m−1 ҎԼͰൺֱత‫ʹͱ͔ͨͬ͜ڱ‬ΑΔɽECw ͷൣғ͕‫ݶ‬ఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔ৔߹ɼ࠷΋୯७ͳ Rhoades Ϟσϧ͕Α͘ར༻͞Εͯ
͍ΔʢBhabani et al., 1999; De Neve et al., 2000; Muñoz-

Carpena et al., 2005ʣɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬΋ Rhoades ϞσϧΛద༻
ͨ͠ͱ͜ΖɼECa –ECw –θ ؔ܎ΛΑ͘ද‫͖Ͱݱ‬Δ͜ͱ͕֬ೝ͞ΕͨʢFig. 3ʣɽRhoades Ϟσϧͷύϥϝʔλ͸ɼද૚౔͕ a = 2.72ɼb = 0.315ɼECs = 0.023ɼԼ૚౔Ͱ
͸ a = 2.43ɼb = 0.093ɼECs = 0.004 Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ
3.3 EC1:5 ͷਪఆ
5TE ηϯαʔͰಘΒΕͨ θ ͱ ECa Λ΋ͱʹਪఆ͞Εͨ ECw ͱ EC1:5 ͷؔ܎Λ Fig. 4 ʹࣔ͢ɽECw ͱ EC1:5
ʹ͸ߴ͍૬ؔؔ܎͕ೝΊΒΕͨɽNadlerʢ1997ʣ͸ TDRͰଌఆͨ͠ θ ͱ ECa Λ΋ͱʹਪఆ͞Εͨ ECw ͱ EC1:1
Λൺֱͯ͠ɼ࠭΍৕౔Ͱ͸ߴ͍૬ؔؔ܎͕ಘΒΕͨ͜ͱΛใࠂ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜ΕΒͷ‫݁ڀݚ‬Ռ͔Βɼ೪౔෼ͷগͳ͍౔৕Ͱ͸ 5TE ηϯαʔͰಘΒΕͨ θ ͱ ECa Λ΋ͱʹECw Λਪఆ͠ɼߋʹ EC1:5 ͷਪఆ͕ՄೳͰ͋Δͱߟ͑Β
ΕΔɽ

3.4 আԘաఔͰͷ౔৕ਫ෼ · EC ‫؍‬ଌ݁Ռ
Fig. 5 ʹআԘաఔͰͷ౔৕ਫ෼΍ EC ͷ‫؍‬ଌ݁ՌΛࣔ

Fig. 3 ҟͳΔମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰Ͱͷ 5TE ηϯαʔͰଌఆ͞ΕͨόϧΫ౔৕ ECʢECa ʣͱ౔৕༹ӷ ECʢECw ʣͷؔ܎ɽ(a) ද૚౔ɼ(b) Լ૚౔ɽ࣮ઢ͸ Rhoades et al. (1976) ϞσϧΛ༻͍ͯϑΟοςΟϯάΛߦͬͨ݁Ռɽ
5TE sensor-measured bulk soil electrical conductivity, ECa ,vs. electrical conductivity of the soil solution, ECw , measured
using an EC meter for different water contents for topsoil(a), and subsoil (b). The solid lines are the ﬁtted relationships by using Rhoades et al. (1976) model.

Fig. 4 ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͱόϧΫ౔৕ EC Λ΋ͱʹਪఆͨ͠౔৕
༹ӷ ECʢECw ʣͱ 1 : 5 ਁग़๏ʹΑΔ ECʢEC1:5 ʣͷؔ܎ɽ
Relationship between ECw based on the 5TE measurements
and EC1:5 .

࿦จɿ5TE ηϯαʔΛ༻͍ͨ௡೾ඃ֐Λड͚࣭ͨ࠭ാͷ౔৕ EC ϞχλϦϯά

19͢ɽਂ͞ 0.15 m ͷ౔৕ਫ෼͸߱Ӎঢ়‫گ‬ʢFig. 5ʢaʣʣʹ͍ͯਪఆͨ͠ ECw ͸ɼ౔৕ਫ෼มಈͱ͸ผͷมಈ܏޲Ԡͯ͡Ӷහʹ൓Ԡ͍ͯ͠ΔʢFig. 5ʢbʣʣɽ·ͨɼਂ͞Λࣔͨ͠ʢFig. 5ʢdʣʣɽਂ͞ 0.15 m Ͱ͸ ECw ͸௿͘ਪ

0.15 m ͱ 0.3 m ͷ౔৕ਫ෼ྔ͸ 0.45 m ʹൺ΂ͯ஋͕େҠ͓ͯ͠Γɼ‫؍‬ଌ։࢝࣌ʹ͸‫ʹط‬আԘ͕ਐߦ͍ͯͨ͜͠

͖͔ͬͨɽ͜Ε͸ਂ͞ 0.3 m ·Ͱ͸࠭৕౔Ͱ͋ͬͨͷʹͱ͕Θ͔Δɽਂ͞ 0.3 m ͸ 7 ݄ 20 ͔Β 21 ೔·Ͱͷ·ͱରͯ͠ਂ͞ 0.45 m ͸৕࣭࠭౔ʹ෼ྨ͞ΕɼԼ૚ͷํ͕·ͬͨ߱ӍʹΑͬͯ ECw ͕௿Լͨ͜͠ͱ΍ɼਂ͞ 0.45m Ͱ͸ 7 ্݄०ʹԘ෼ೱ౓͕Ұ୴্ঢ͕ͨ͠ɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷ߱ӍʹΑΓআԘ͕ਐΜͩ͜ͱͳͲɼECa Ͱ͸ଊ͑ΒΕͳ࠭෼ͷଟ͘ɼγϧτɼ೪౔෼͕গͳ͍౔৕Ͱ͋ͬͨͨΊͰ͋ΔɽͦΕͧΕͷਂ͞ͷ ECa ͸౔৕ਫ෼มಈͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λେ͖͍͘Ԙ෼ೱ౓ͷมԽΛϞχλϦϯάͰ͖Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ

ड͚͍ͯΔʢFig. 5ʢcʣʣɽਂ͞ 0.15 m ͱ 0.3 m ͷ ECa ͸ͨΊɼECa ͷ‫࣌ܦ‬తͳมԽ͚͔ͩΒԘ෼ೱ౓ͷมԽΛ೺Θ͕ࠃͰ͸আԘͷ໨ඪ஋͕ EC1:5 Ͱࣔ͞ΕΔͨΊɼECw Λ΋ͱʹ EC1:5 Λਪఆͨ͠ʢFig. 6ʣɽಉҰะ৔Ͱ
ਂ͞ 0.1 ∼ 0.2 m ͷ EC1:5 Λௐࠪͨ݁͠Ռʢਔ‫ · ޙ‬Տాɼ
2011ʣͱൺֱ͢Δͱɼ5TE ηϯαʔͷଌఆΛ΋ͱʹਪఆͨ͠ EC1:5 ͸ྨࣅͷมԽ܏޲Λ͍ࣔͯ͠ΔɽEC1:5 ͷ௿Ѳ͢Δͷ͸೉͍͠ɽ͜Εʹରͯ͠ɼRhoades ϞσϧΛ༻

Լ͢Δ࣌‫ظ‬ͷҧ͍͸ɼௐࠪํ๏ͷҧ͍ʹΑΔ΋ͷͱߟ͑߱ӍʹΑΔ౔৕ਫ෼૿Ճʹ൐ͬͯ૿Ճ͍ͯ͠Δɽ·ͨɼਂ͞ 0.45 m ͷ ECa ΋౔৕ਫ෼มಈͱಉ༷ͳมԽΛͯ͠
͍ΔɽECa ͸ ECw ͱ θ ͷ྆ํʹґଘ͢Δଌఆ஋Ͱ͋Δ

ΒΕΔɽਔ‫ · ޙ‬Տాʢ2011ʣ͸ะ৔શମΛ 3 ۠ըʹ෼͚ɼͦΕͧΕͷ۠ըͷ 2 Օॴ͔Β࠾౔͠ɼશͯͷ౔৕ࢼྉΛࠞ߹ͯ͠ฏ‫ۉ‬ͷ EC1:5 Λ‫ٻ‬ΊͨɽͦͷͨΊɼะ৔಺ͷআԘͷ͹Β͖ͭ΋൓ө͞Εͨͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ͜Εʹରͯ͠ຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼҰ஍఺Ͱͷ EC1:5 ͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽΛ‫؍‬ଌͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋ͬͨɽ

EC1:5 ͷ஋Λ༻͍ͯআԘͷਐߦঢ়‫گ‬Λ‫ݟ‬Δͱɼਂ͞
0.15 m Ͱ͸ 0.2 dS m−1 લ‫ޙ‬ͷ஋ͰਪҠ͓ͯ͠Γɼ‫ʹط‬ΠνΰΛର৅ͱͨ͠আԘͷ໨ඪ஋Ͱ͋Δ 0.3 dS m−1 ʢ‫ٶ‬৓‫ݝ‬೶࢈Ԃܳ‫ڥ؀‬՝ɼ2011ʣΛԼճ͍ͬͯͨ͜ͱ͕Θ͔
Δɽਂ͞ 0.3 m Ͱ͸ 0.3 dS m−1 લ‫ޙ‬ͷ஋Λࣔ͠ɼ‫؍‬ଌ։࢝࣌ʹ͸আԘͷ EC1:5 ͷ໨ඪ஋લ‫ͱͨͬ͋Ͱޙ‬ਪఆ͞Εͨɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ঃʑʹ EC1:5 ͷ஋͕‫ݮ‬গ͠ɼ7 ݄ 20 ೔͔Β
21 ೔ͷ߱ӍͰਂ͞ 0.15 m ͷ஋ʹ͍ۙ 0.2 dS m−1 લ‫ޙ‬·Ͱ௿Լͨ͜͠ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ͜Εʹରͯ͠ɼਂ͞ 0.45 m
Ͱ͸ද૚͔ΒͷԘ෼ͷҠಈʹΑΓɼΘ͔ͣͳ͕Β EC1:5
ͷ஋͕૿Ճ܏޲ʹ͕͋ͬͨɼ7 ݄ 20 ೔͔Β 21 ೔ͷ߱ӍͰআԘ͕ਐΈɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷ߱ӍʹΑΓߋʹ EC1:5 ͷ஋͕Fig. 5 আԘաఔͰͷ (a) ߱Ӎɼ(b) ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ (vwcɼθ )ɼ
(c) όϧΫ౔৕ ECʢECa ʣ͓Αͼ (d) ౔৕༹ӷ ECʢECw ʣͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽʢ2011 ೥ 7 ݄ 8 ೔ ∼ 8 ݄ 2 ೔ʣɽ
Measured values of (a) precipitation, (b) volumetric watercontent (vwc, θ ), (c) bulk electrical conductivity, ECa , and(d) solution electrical conductivity, ECw , at three depth;−0.15 m, −0.3 m, and −0.45 m during salt leaching period(8 July 2011 – 2 August 2011).

Fig. 6 আԘաఔʹ͓͚Δ 5TE ηϯαʔͷଌఆ஋͔Βਪఆ͞Εͨ EC1:5 ͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽɽਔ‫ · ޙ‬Տాʢ2011ʣʹΑͬͯଌఆ͞Εͨಉะ৔ͷ 0.1 ∼ 0.2 m ͷ 1 : 5 ਁग़๏ʹΑΔ౔৕EC ΋ൺֱͷͨΊʹࣔͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼΠνΰͷআԘͷ໨ඪ஋΋ࣔͨ͠ɽEstimated EC1:5 based on the 5TE measurements. EC1:5
data at soil layer between 0.1 and 0.2 m by Nigo and Kawada(2011) are plotted for comparison. The target EC1:5 value ofleaching for strawberry (0.3 dS m−1 ) is plotted with dotted
line.

20

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)

3.5 ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬தͷ౔৕ਫ෼ · EC ‫؍‬ଌ݁ՌΠνΰ࠿ഓ͸ϋ΢εͷதͰߦΘΕɼ౔৕ද໘ʹ͸ϏχʔϧϚϧν͕શ໘ʹෑ͔ΕͨͨΊɼᕲਫ͞Εͨਫ͕੊෦Ͱओʹফඅ͞Εɼ༨৒ਫ͕Լ૚ʹഉਫ͞ΕΔঢ়‫Ͱگ‬͋ͬͨɽ੊෦Լ୺ʹ૬౰͢Δ 0 mɼߋʹͦΕΑΓ΋ਂ͍ҐஔͰ‫؍‬ଌͨ͠౔৕ਫ෼ྔͷมಈΛ Fig. 7ʢaʣʹࣔ͢ɽ

10 ݄ʹΠνΰͷබ͕Ҡ২͞Εɼ੊෦ʹे෼ͳᕲਫ͕ߦ
ΘΕͨ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ౔৕ਫ෼ྔ͸ਂ͞ 0.3 m Ͱ΋૿Ճ͕֬ೝ͞Εͨɽ౔৕ਫ෼͸ഉਫʹΑΓ‫ݮ‬গ͠ 12 ݄ʹ͸ฏߧʹୡ͍ͯ͠ΔɽΠνΰ͸ਫ෼ཁ‫౓ٻ‬ͷߴ͍࡞෺Ͱ͋
ΓɼԼ૚΁ഉਫΛੜ͡ͳ͍ఔ౓ͷᕲਫ͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯͨ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽͳ͓ɼ11 ݄த०͔Β 12 ݄த०·Ͱਂ͞ 0m ͱ 0.3 m ͷσʔλʹܽଌ͕͋ͬͨɽӦ೶࡞‫ۀ‬தʹؒҧͬͯέʔϒϧ͕ൈ͔Εͯ͠·ͬͨ͜ͱʹΑΔɽ
ਂ͞ 0 m ͱ 0.3 m ͷ ECa ͸ɼ10 ݄ͷΠνΰͷබͷҠ২ʹ൐͏ࢪං΍ᕲਫʹΑΓมಈͨ͠ʢFig. 7ʢbʣʣɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬͸΄΅ҰఆͰਪҠͨ͠ɽਂ͞ 0.45 m ͷ ECa ͸ 11 ݄Ҏ߱ঃʑʹ૿Ճ͠ɼ3 ݄·Ͱߴ͍ঢ়ଶ͕ଓ͍ͨɽ͔͠͠ɼ
ਂ͞ 0.45 m ͷ ECa ͸ 12 ݄Լ०͔Β 2 ݄·Ͱͷ‫ؒظ‬͸ෆ࿈ଓʹ‫ͳܹٸ‬௿Լ΍্ঢΛࣔͨͨ͠Ίɼܽଌѻ͍ͱ͠
ͨɽ5TE ηϯαʔʹΑΔ ECa ͷଌఆ͸ɼηϯαʔ۳෦ʹຒΊࠐ·Εͨ 2 ͭͷి‫ۃ‬ͷಥ‫ى‬෦Λ༻͍ͯߦΘΕΔͨ
ΊɼີணੑͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λड͚΍͍͢͜ͱ͕૝ఆ͞ΕΔɽ͔͠
Fig. 7 Πνΰ࠿ഓ‫͚͓ʹؒظ‬Δ (a) ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ (vwc, θ )ɼ(b) όϧΫ౔৕ ECʢECa ,ʣ͓Αͼ (c) ౔৕༹ӷ ECʢECw ʣͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽʢ2011 ೥ 10 ݄ 1 ೔ ∼ 2012 ೥ 4 ݄ 30 ೔ʣɽ
Measured values of (a) volumetric water content (vwc, θ ),(b) bulk electrical conductivity, ECa , and (c) solution electrical conductivity, ECw , at three depths; 0 m, −0.3 m, and−0.45 m during the cultivation period (1 Octorber 2011 –30 April 2012).

͠ɼ͜ͷ՝୊ͷৄࡉͳٞ࿦͸ผͷ‫ػ‬ձʹߦ͏ɽਂ͞͝ͱͷ ECw ͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽΛ Fig. 7ʢcʣʹࣔ͢ɽ10݄ʹਂ͞ 0 m ͱ 0.3 m ͷ౔৕ਫ෼ྔ͕େ͖͘มಈͨ͠
͕ɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬͸΄΅ҰఆͰ͋ͬͨͨΊɼECw ͸ ECa ʹࣅͨ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽΛͨ͠ɽಛʹਂ͞ 0.45 m ͸શ‫ؒظ‬Λ௨ͯ͡౔৕ਫ෼ྔͷมಈ͕খ͔ͬͨͨ͞ΊɼECa ͱಉ༷ͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽΛࣔͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼਂ͞ 0 m ͱ 0.3 m ͷ ECw ͸ਂ͞

0.45 m ͷ ECw ͱൺֱͯ͠௿͍஋Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͔ΒɼআԘʹΑͬͯҰ୴௿Լͨ͠ ECw ͸࠶ͼ্ঢ͢Δ͜
ͱ͕ͳ͘ɼ௿͍··Ͱ͋ͬͨ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ
আԘͷ EC1:5 ͷ໨ඪ஋Ͱ͋Δ 0.3 dS m−1 ͱൺֱ͢Δ
ͱɼਂ͞ 0 m ͱ 0.3 m ͷ EC1:5 ͸ͦΕͧΕ 0.15ɼ0.2 dS

m−1 લ‫ޙ‬ͷ஋ͰਪҠ͓ͯ͠ΓɼΠνΰͷ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬Λ௨ͯ͡໨ඪ஋ΛԼճ͍ͬͯͨʢFig. 8ʣɽ͜Εʹରͯ͠ɼਂ
͞ 0.45 m ͷ EC1:5 ͸ 0.4 ∼ 0.8 dS m−1 Ͱมಈ͓ͯ͠Γ໨ඪ஋·Ͱ͸௿Լ͍ͯ͠ͳ͔ͬͨɽ͜ΕΒͷ‫؍‬ଌ݁Ռ͔Βɼର৅ะ৔Ͱ͸஍ද໘Լ 0.45 m ෇ۙͰ͸·ͩԘ෼ೱ౓͕ൺֱతߴ͍ঢ়‫͕ͨͬ͋Ͱگ‬ɼ࣭࠭౔Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ΍Լ૚ͷ౔৕ਫ෼͕௿͍ͳͲԘ෼্ঢ͕‫͜ى‬Γʹ͍͘‫ʹڥ؀‬

Fig. 8 ࠿ഓ‫͚͓ʹؒظ‬Δ 5TE ηϯαʔͷଌఆ஋͔Βਪఆ͞Εͨ EC1:5 ͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽɽΠνΰͷআԘͷ໨ඪ஋΋ࣔͨ͠ɽ
Estimated EC1:5 from measured data of 5TE sensor during
the cultivation period. The target EC1:5 value of leachingfor strawberry (0.3 dS m−1 ) is plotted with dotted line.

͋Γɼਂ͞ 0 m ͔Β 0.3 m ·Ͱͷ౔૚͸Πνΰ࠿ഓʹରͯ͠े෼௿͍Ԙ෼ೱ౓ͱͳ͍ͬͯͨ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽߋ
ʹ஍ද໘ʹߴ͞ 0.3 m ͷ੊ཱͯΛߦ͍ɼΠνΰͷࠜҬΛ੊಺ʹཹΊΔͱͱ΋ʹద੾ͳᕲਫΛߦ͏͜ͱʹΑΓɼԘ֐ϦεΫΛड͚ͳ͍Πνΰ࠿ഓ͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯͨͱ൑அͰ
͖Δɽ

Լ͕͍ͬͯͬͨ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽͨͩ͠ɼਂ͞ 0.45 m ͷ

EC1:5 ͸ɼআԘऴྃ࣌Ͱ΋ 0.4 dS m−1 લ‫͔͠Ͱ·ޙ‬௿Լ

4. ·ͱΊ

͓ͯ͠ΒͣɼԼ૚ͷԘ෼আ‫ڈ‬͸༰қʹਐ·ͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱ
Λ͍ࣔͯ͠Δɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼθ ͱ ECa ɼԹ౓Λಉ࣌ଌఆͰ͖Δηϯ࿦จɿ5TE ηϯαʔΛ༻͍ͨ௡೾ඃ֐Λड͚࣭ͨ࠭ാͷ౔৕ EC ϞχλϦϯάαʔͰ͋Δ 5TE ηϯαʔΛ௡೾ඃ֐Λड͚࣭ͨ࠭ാͷ౔৕Ԙ෼ͷϞχλϦϯάʹద༻͢Δ͜ͱΛ‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ɽࣨ
಺ͰͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯ࣮‫͔ݧ‬Βɼ౔৕༹ӷͷ EC ͕

7 dS m−1 Λ௒͑ͳ͍ൣғͰ͋Ε͹ ε –θ ؔ܎ͷԘ෼ґଘ

21

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‫ߦ͕ۀ‬ΘΕͨะ৔Ͱ 5TE ηϯαʔΛ༻͍ͯআԘաఔͱ
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‫͕֬ͱͨͬ͋͜Ͱگ‬ೝ͞Εͨɽ࣭࠭౔Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ΍Լ૚ͷ౔৕ਫ෼͕௿͍ͳͲԘ෼্ঢ͕‫͜ى‬Γʹ͍͘‫͋ʹڥ؀‬Γɼ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬த΋ਂ͞ 0 m ͔Β 0.3 m ·Ͱͷ౔૚͸े෼௿͍Ԙ෼ೱ౓ͱͳ͍ͬͯͨ͜ͱ͕Θ͔ͬͨɽߋʹ஍ද໘ʹߴ͞ 0.3 m ͷ੊ཱͯΛߦ͍ɼΠνΰͷࠜҬΛ੊಺ʹཹΊΔͱͱ΋ʹద੾ͳᕲਫΛߦ͏͜ͱʹΑΓɼԘ֐ϦεΫΛड͚ͳ͍Πνΰ࠿ഓ͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯͨ͜ͱ΋֬ೝ͞Εͨɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹɼθ ͱ ECa ɼԹ౓ͷ 3 ͭΛಉ࣌ଌఆͰ͖
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ࢫຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼθ ͱ ECa ɼԹ౓Λಉ࣌ଌఆͰ͖ΔηϯαʔͷҰͭͰ͋Δ 5TE ηϯαʔͷ‫ף‬ਫඃ֐Λड͚࣭ͨ࠭ാͷ౔৕Ԙ෼ϞχλϦϯά΁ͷద༻ੑΛ‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ɽࣨ಺࣮‫͔ݧ‬ΒɼECw ͕ 7 dS m−1 Λ௒͑ͳ͍ൣ

ғͰ͋Ε͹ θ –ε ؔ܎ͷԘ෼ґଘੑ͕খ͘͞ɼಉҰͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯࣜͰଌఆ͕ߦ͑Δ͜ͱ΍ɼର৅౔ͷ ECa –ECw –θ ؔ܎͸ Rhoades ϞσϧͰΑ͘ද‫͖Ͱݱ‬Δ͜ͱΛ֬ೝͨ͠ɽߋʹɼ5TE ηϯαʔͰଌఆ͞Εͨ θ ͱ ECa ͔Βਪఆ͞Εͨ ECw ͸ɼผ్ଌఆͨ͠ EC1:5 ͱߴ͍૬ؔؔ܎Λࣔͨ͠ɽ5TE ηϯαʔΛ༻͍ͯআԘաఔͱͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬தͷ EC1:5 ͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽΛਪఆͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɼਂ͞ 0.3 m ·Ͱͷද૚Ͱ͸আԘ͕଎΍͔ʹਐΈɼ࠿ഓ‫ؒظ‬த΋ΠνΰͷআԘͷ໨ඪ஋ΛԼճ͍ͬͯͨ͜ͱ΍ɼ஍ද໘Լ

0.45 m ෇ۙͰ͸ɼ‫؍‬ଌ‫ؒظ‬Λ௨ͯ͡Ԙ෼ೱ౓͕ൺֱతߴ͍ঢ়‫໌͕Ͳͳͱͨͬ͋͜Ͱگ‬Β͔ͱͳͬͨɽθͱ ECa ɼԹ౓Λಉ࣌ଌఆͰ͖ΔηϯαʔΛ༻͍ΔͱඇഁյͰ࿈ଓతͳ ECw ͷਪఆ͕ՄೳͱͳΓɼ౔৕தͷԘ෼ೱ౓ͷϞχλϦϯά͕ߦ͑ΔɽΩʔϫʔυɿΩϟύγλϯεηϯαʔɼ௡೾ɼԘ෼ೱ౓ɼి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 131, p.23 ∼ 27 (2015)୷ਫԼͷਫాද૚౔ʹ͓͚Δଠཅޫͷಁաੑͱશ஠ૉྔͷมಈߥੜल‫ ل‬1 · പᔹୢত 2 · ҆ా߂๏ 2

Sunlight transmittance through the surface soil and ﬂuctuations in the total nitrogen contents
at the surface of ponded paddy soil
Hideki ARAO1 , Tatsuaki KASUBUCHI2 and Hironori YASUDA2

Abstract: It is known that nitrogen is ﬁxed by algae andphotosynthetic bacteria at the surface soil of ponded paddy
ﬁeld. The biological nitrogen ﬁxation is one of the main
natural nitrogen supply in addition to the irrigation andrainwater supply. The active location of the bacteria andthe amount of ﬁxation, however, have not yet well studied. In this report, at ﬁrst, we investigated the penetrating
depth of sunlight into the surface soil using a solar battery
with radiometer. Then, we examined the distribution of total nitrogen content under exposed and shielded conditions
to the sunlight at interval of 2 mm from the surface. Total
nitrogen contents determined by a NC-analyzer increased
only in the uppermost (0 – 2 mm) layer from the ponded
surface soil for the exposed condition. Since the sunlightreached down to 1 mm from the soil surface, we concluded
that the biological nitrogen ﬁxation occurred only at thethin surface layer with the penetrating sunlight.
Key Words : ponded paddy ﬁeld, surface soil, sunlighttransmittance, nitrogen ﬁxation, distribution of total nitrogen content

ΒΕ͍ͯΔ͕ɼଠཅޫͷ‫ڍ‬ಈʹ͍ͭͯ͸΄ͱΜͲௐ΂ΒΕ͍ͯͳ͍ɽ͜Ε͸ɼଠཅޫͷ౸ୡਂ͕͘͞͝ઙ͘ɼ෺
ཧతʹ͸౔৕ද໘ʢਂ͞ 0ʣͱѻͬͯ΋ͱ͘ʹ໰୊͕ੜ͡ͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱ͕ҰҼͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ
͔͠͠ɼ͜ͷ஠ૉ‫ݻ‬ఆ͕ਫాͷͲͷਂ͞ͰɼͲͷఔ౓ͷྔʹͳΔͷ͔Λ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δʹ͸ɼޫ߹੒ࡉ‫܈ە‬ͷ‫׆‬ಈ΋ߟྀʹೖΕΔͱɼଠཅޫ͕ਫాද૚ͷͲͷਂ͞·Ͱ౸ୡ͠ɼͦΕͱ஠ૉͷ෼෍ͱ͕ͲͷΑ͏ͳؔ܎ʹ͋Δ͔Λ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ
ͦ͜Ͱɼ͜ͷใࠂͰ͸ଠཅޫ͕౔தͷͲͷਂ͞·Ͱ౸ୡ͍ͯ͠Δ͔Λ·ͣ໌Β͔ʹ͠ɼ͍࣍Ͱଠཅޫͷ༗ແ͕ਫా౔ද૚෇ۙͷશ஠ૉ෼෍ʹͲͷΑ͏ͳӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫͠΅ٴ‬͍ͯΔ͔Λ໌Β͔ʹ͢ΔͨΊʹɼബ૚ʹ෼͚ͯௐ΂Δ͜ͱʹͨ͠ɽͳ͓ɼຊใࠂͰ͸ɼஶऀΒ͕ޫ߹੒ࡉ‫ە‬Λಉఆ͢Δํ๏Λ࣋ͪ߹Θ͍ͤͯͳ͍ͨΊɼ૯শͱͯ͠ޫ߹੒ࡉ‫܈ە‬Λ༻͍ɼͦͷ஠ૉ‫ݻ‬ఆ‫ػ‬ೳΛ࿐ޫͱ҉ࠇͱ͍͏ 2 ͭͷ৚݅ԼͰධՁ͢Δ͜ͱʹͨ͠ɽ ɹ

1. ͸͡Ίʹ

2. ํ๏ਫాද૚Ͱ͸૶ྨ΍ޫ߹੒ࡉ‫ʹ܈ە‬ΑΔ஠ૉ‫ݻ‬ఆ͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕஌ΒΕ͍ͯΔʢKobayashi et al., 1967;

Yoshida et al., 1973; Habte and Alexander, 1980; App etal., 1984ʣɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͕ਫా౔ͷ஠ૉఱવ‫͍ྔڅڙ‬ΘΏΔංཊ౓ͷओཁͳ‫͍ͯͬͳʹݯڅ‬Δʢࢤլɼ1986ʣɽ͔͠͠ɼ஠ૉ͸ඍੜ෺ʹΑΔ‫ݻ‬ఆ͚ͩͰͳ͘ᕲᕱਫ΍Ӎਫ͔Β΋‫͞څڙ‬Ε͍ͯΔɽ

2.1 ࣮‫ ݧ‬1ɿਫాද૚౔ͷޫಁաੑ୷ਫ౔ͷද૚͔ΒͲΕ͚ͩͷਂ͞·Ͱଠཅޫ͕౸ୡ͠
͍ͯΔ͔Λ໌Β͔ʹ͢ΔͨΊɼਫాද૚౔ͷਂ͞Λม͑ͯଠཅޫͷಁաੑΛௐ΂ͨɽଌఆ͸੖ఱͷ԰֎Ͱ 2015 ೥ 6 ݄ 5 ೔‫ޕ‬લ 11 ͔࣌Βߦͬͨɽ౔͸ࢁ‫ܗ‬େֶ೶৔ʢ௽Ԭࢢߴࡔɼ38◦ 41’ Nɼ139◦͞ʹґଘ͢Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽҰํɼಉ͡ి࣓೾ʹଐ͢Δ

49’ Eʣͷਫాද૚͔Β࠾औͨ͠ɽͳ͓౔͸ 2008 ೥Ҏ߱ɼແංྉ · ແ೶ༀͰਫҴ࠿ഓ͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯΔะ৔ΑΓ࠾औͨ͠ɽ࣮‫ʹݧ‬͸ 5 mm ᝲΛ௨ͨ͠ੜ౔Λ୷ਫঢ়ଶʹ͠ΨϯϚઢʢReginato et al., 1964ʣͳͲͷ์ࣹઢ΍ߴप೾֧ͯ፩͠ɼ௜߱ͨ͠౔Λ࣮‫ͨ͠ڙʹݧ‬ɽ౔͸փ৭௿஍౔

ʢTopp et al., 1980ʣʹ͍ͭͯ͸౔தͷ‫ڍ‬ಈ͕ৄࡉʹௐ΂

ʢGleyic Fluvisols, (FAO, ISRIC and ISSSɼ2006)ʣʹ෼ྨޫ߹੒ࡉ‫܈ە‬͸ి࣓೾ͷҰछͰ͋ΔଠཅޫΛΤωϧΪʔ‫͍ͯ͠ͱݯ‬ΔͨΊɼ౔தͷ‫׆‬ಈҬ͸ଠཅޫͷ౸ୡਂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ.
1 The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University.

Morioka, Iwate prefecture, Japan. Corresponding authorɿߥੜल‫ل‬ɼ‫ؠ‬खେֶେֶӃ࿈߹೶ֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պ
2 Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University. Tsuruoka, Yamagata prefecture, Japan.
2015 ೥ 7 ݄ 17 ೔डߘɹ 2015 ೥ 9 ݄ 18 ೔डཧ

3 mm ްͷಁ໌ΞΫϦϧ൘Ͱఈ໘ 20.0 × 30.0 cmɼਂ
͞ 5.0 cm ͷࢼ‫ݧ‬ശΛ੡࡞͠ɼఈ໘தԝʹଠཅి஑ʢ8 ×

9 cmʣΛுΓ෇͚ͨɽ·ͨଠཅޫ͕ΞΫϦϧ൘Λ௨ͯ͠ଠཅి஑ʹճΓࠐ·ͳ͍Α͏ʹɼଠཅి஑Ҏ֎ͷఈ໘͓ΑͼശͷपลΛࠇͷϏχʔϧςʔϓͰ෴ͬͨɽ

24

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)

Photo 1 ਫా౔ʹ͓͚ΔଠཅޫͷಁաੑΛଌఆ͢ΔͨΊͷଠཅి஑Λ࢖ͬͨ૷ஔʢࠨଆͷ 2 ͭʣͱর౓‫ܭ‬ʢӈ୺ʣɽ
Apparatus for measuring the sunlight transmittance bysolar battery ʢtwo on the left sideʣand the illuminometer(right end).

Photo 2 ࿐ޫ۠ͷ֓ཁɽ
Apparatus for measuring the nitrogen distribution
under sunlight.

2.2 ࣮‫ ݧ‬2ɿ࿐ޫ۠ͱ҉ࠇ۠ʹ͓͚Δ౔ͷਂ͞͝ͱͷશ஠ૉ෼෍
Fig. 1 શ஠ૉͷ෼෍Λௐ΂ΔͨΊͷ࣮‫૷ݧ‬ஔͷ֓ཁɽ
Schematic diagram of apparatus for measuring the distribution of total nitrogen.

‫౔ࢼڙ‬Λਫ෼๞࿨ঢ়ଶͰ 100 cm3 ͷίΞαϯϓϥʔʹॆర͠༰ੵॏΛଌఆͨ͠ɽ͜ͷ༰ੵॏΛ΋ͱʹ౔Λࢼ‫ݧ‬ശʹ޿͛ͨͱ͖ͷਂ͕͞ 0.13ɼ0.25ɼ0.50ɼ1.0 mm ʹͳΔॏྔΛ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽޫ‫ʹݯ‬͸ଠཅޫΛ༻͍ͨɽଠཅి஑ͷग़ྗ͸σδλϧ
Ϛϧνϝʔλʢ7537 ‫ܕ‬ɼԣՏి‫ؾ‬੡ʣͰଌఆͨ͠ɽর౓
͸র౓‫ܭ‬ʢHS1010, Sunche ੡ʣΛ༻͍ͯޫྔΛଌఆͨ͠ɽಉҰͷਫฏͳ৔ॴʹࢼ‫ݧ‬ശ͓Αͼর౓‫ܭ‬Λઃஔͨ͠ʢPhoto 1ʣ.
ଠཅి஑ͷग़ྗ͸௚ྲྀిѹͰ͋Γɼग़ྗΛর౓ʹม‫׵‬͢ΔͨΊɼଠཅి஑ग़ྗͱর౓‫ܭ‬ग़ྗͱͷؔ܎Λ࠷ॳʹ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽ྆ํͷηϯαʔΛಉҰฏ໘্ʹฒ΂ɼग़ྗΛൺ
ֱ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓ྆ऀͷؔ܎Λௐ΂ͨɽ྆ऀͷ্ʹෆಁ໌ͳࢴΛஔ͖ɼຕ਺ΛॏͶΔ͜ͱͰޫྔΛௐઅͨ͠ɽ
࣍ʹް͞ 3 mm ͷಁ໌ΞΫϦϧ൘ͷ༗ແʹΑΓޫಁաੑʹҧ͍͕͋Δ͔Ͳ͏͔Λௐ΂ͨɽଓ͍ͯɼࢼ‫ݧ‬ശʹਫಓਫΛೖΕਫਂ 0 ∼ 20 mmʢࢼ‫ݧ‬ശ͋ͨΓ 0 ∼ 1200 gʣΛมԽͤ͞ɼଠཅి஑ग़ྗ΁ͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λௐ΂ͨ.
౔ͷޫಁաੑ͸ɼੜ౔ʢ149.0 g 100 cm−3 ʣͷҰఆྔΛϏʔΧʹऔΓɼࢼ‫ݧ‬ശ಺Ͱͷਫਂ 5 mm ʹ૬౰͢Δ 300

g ͷਫΛՃ͑ͯ‫ݒ‬୙ͤ͞ɼࢼ‫ݧ‬ശʹҠ͠ɼ౔Λ‫ۉ‬Ұʹ௜߱ͤ͞ଌఆͨ͠ɽࢼ‫ݧ‬ശͷఈ໘ੵ͕ 600 cm2 Ͱ͋ΔͨΊɼ౔ͷਂ͕͞ 1 mm Ͱ 60 cm3 ͱͳΔɽ0.13ɼ0.25ɼ0.50ɼ
1.0 mm ʹ૬౰͢Δੜ౔͸ɼͦΕͧΕ 11.3ɼ22.5ɼ45.0ɼ
90.0 g ͱͳΓɼ͜ͷ஋ʹ͕͍ͨ͠ɼ౔ͷྔΛมԽͤ͞ಁ
աޫྔΛଌఆͨ͠.

୷ਫ৚݅Լͷਫా౔Ͱଠཅޫͷ༗ແʹΑΔද૚ͷશ஠ૉྔ෼෍Λௐ΂ͨɽ࣮‫ݧ‬͸࿐ޫ۠ͱ҉ࠇ۠ͷ 2 ͭΛ࡞Γɼઃஔ 7 ೔‫͞ਂʹޙ‬ผʹ౔Λ࠾औ͠ɼNC ΞφϥΠβʔͰશ஠ૉྔͷ෼෍Λଌఆͨ͠ɽ
‫౔ࢼڙ‬͸࣮‫ ݧ‬1 ͱಉ͡΋ͷΛਫ෼๞࿨ঢ়ଶʹ͠ɼΑ֧͘፩ͯ͠༻͍ͨɽ࣮‫ʹݧ‬͸্Լ෦ʹϑϥϯδͷ͍ͭͨϙϦϓϩϐϨϯ੡ʢҎԼ pp ੡ʣͷശʢఈ໘ 21.5 × 30.5 cmɼ
ਂ͞ 5.0 cmʣ
ɼಉ͡ pp ੡ͷശͷఈ໘Λ͘Γൈ͍ͨແఈͷശ͓Αͼ pp ੡ͷശͷ಺๏ͱಉ͡େ͖͞ͷ಺๏Λ࣋ͭ 2

mm ްͷΞΫϦϧ੡ͷࣗ࡞ͷ࿮Λ࢖༻ͨ͠ɽ·ͣɼpp ੡ͷശͷϑϥϯδ্ʹΞΫϦϧ੡ͷ࿮Λ 4 ຕॏͶɼͦͷ࠷্෦ͷ࿮ͱಉ͡ҐஔʹͳΔΑ͏ʹ౔Λॆరͨ͠ɽͦͷ্ʹ pp ੡ͷແఈͷശΛࡌͤɼΞΫϦϧ੡ͷ࿮Λ‫ڬ‬ΉΑ͏ʹ্Լ෦ͷϑϥϯδΛΫϦοϓͰཹΊͨɽpp ੡ͷശͷϑϥϯδ͓ΑͼΞΫϦϧ੡ͷ࿮ͷؒʹ࿙ਫΛ๷͙ͨΊബ͘άϦεΛృͬͨɽ্෦ʹࡌͤͨແఈͷ pp ੡ͷശʹ͸ਫΛுͬͨ. ͳ͓ɼࢼ‫ݧ‬ശͷԼ෦͸લड़ͷΑ͏ʹ༗ఈͰ͋Γɼਫ͸Լํ΁ྲྀΕͳ͍ʢFig. 1ʣɽ࣮‫ݧ‬͸࿐ޫ۠ · ҉ࠇ۠ͱ΋ʹ԰֎Ͱߦͬͨ. ࿐ޫ۠͸ਫฏͳ৔ॴʹେ‫ܕ‬ͷϓϥενοΫ੡ͷശʢ1.2 × 0.8 × 0.2mʣΛઃஔ͠ɼਂ͞໿ 10 cm ͷਫΛுΓɼͰ͖Δ͚ͩਫాͷ‫ͨͤ͞ࣅۙʹڥ؀‬ɽ͞ΒʹӍਫͷྲྀೖΛ๷͙ͨΊɼ্෦Λಁ໌ϙϦΤνϨϯγʔτͰ൒ԁ౵ঢ়ʹ෴ͬͨɽͨͩ
͠ɼߴԹʹͳΔͷΛආ͚ΔͨΊɼ྆୺͸ղ์ͨ͠ʢPhoto2ʣɽ҉ࠇ۠͸ɼ࿐ޫ۠ͷۙ͘ʹઃஔ͠ɼଠཅޫΛ‫׬‬શʹःณͰ͖Δࠇ৭ͷϓϥενοΫശΛඃͤͨʢPhoto 3ʣɽ࣮‫ݧ‬͸ͦΕͧΕ࿈ଓ͢Δ 7 ೔ؒͱ͠ɼҾ͖ଓ͖ 3 ճ‫܁‬Γฦͨ͠ɽୈ 1 ճ໨ɿ2015 ೥ 5 ݄ 1 ೔ ∼ 7 ೔ɼୈ 2 ճ
໨ɿ2015 ೥ 5 ݄ 7 ೔ ∼ 13 ೔ɼୈ 3 ճ໨ɿ2015 ೥ 5 ݄

13 ೔ ∼ 19 ೔Ͱ͋Δɽ

࿦จɿ୷ਫԼͷਫాද૚౔ʹ͓͚Δଠཅޫͷಁաੑͱશ஠ૉྔͷมಈ

25

࿐ޫ۠ͷ౔ͷαϯϓϦϯά͸ɼ୷ਫ͔Βࢼ‫ݧ‬ശΛऔग़͠ɼΫϦοϓΛ֎͠ɼ্෦ͷແఈͷ pp ੡ͷശΛ౔͕ྲྀΕग़ͳ͍Α͏Ώͬ͘Γऔআ͖ഉਫͨ͠. ࣍ʹද໘͔Β 8mm ·Ͱͷ౔͸ɼ2 mm ްͷΞΫϦϧ੡ͷ࿮ΛҰຕͣͭ֎͠ɼ࿮ʹԊͬͯ 5 mm ްͷΞΫϦϧ൘Λਫฏʹԡͯ͠ɼ
2 mm ͝ͱʹ౔Λ࠾औͨ͠ɽ͞Βʹ 8 mm Ҏਂͷ౔͸ɼ
100 cm3 ͷίΞαϯϓϥʔʢ௚‫ ܘ‬50 mmɼߴ͞ 51 mmʣ
Λ༻͍ͯ࠾औͨ͠ɽ͜ͷ݁ՌɼͦΕͧΕͷ͔۠Βද૚ͷ

0 ∼ 2ɼ2 ∼ 4ɼ4 ∼ 6ɼ6 ∼ 8ɼ8 ∼ 58 mm ͷ‫ ܭ‬5 ‫ݸ‬ͷαϯϓϧΛಘͨɽ҉ࠇ۠ͷ౔ͷαϯϓϦϯά΋࿐ޫ۠ಉ༷
ʹߦͬͨɽ࠾औͨ͠౔͸௚ͪʹ 70 ◦ C ͷ‫ס‬૩‫ʹػ‬ೖΕͯ 5 ೔ؒ‫ס‬૩ͨ͠ɽ70 ◦ C ʹઃఆͨ͠ͷ͸ɼੜ෺ମͷ෼ղΛ‫ྗۃ‬
཈͑ΔͨΊ২෺ମͳͲͷ‫ס‬૩ํ๏ʹͳΒͬͨͨΊͰ͋Δ
ʢ২෺ӫཆ࣮‫ݧ‬๏ฤूҕһձɼ1990ʣɽ‫ס‬૩‫ޙ‬ɼమೕുͰ
คࡅ͠ɼΑ֧͘፩ͯ͠ଌఆࢼྉͱͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼಉ࣌ʹਫ
Photo 3 ҉ࠇ۠ͷ֓ཁɽ
Apparatus for measuring the nitrogen distribution
under dark condition.

෼ଌఆͷͨΊࢼྉͷҰ෦ΛͱΓɼ105 ◦ C ͷ‫ס‬૩‫Ͱػ‬࿍‫ס‬͠ɼશ஠ૉଌఆ‫ޙ‬ͷσʔλௐ੔Λߦͬͨɽશ஠ૉ͸ NC
ΞφϥΠβʔʢSumigraph NC-220FʣΛ༻͍ͯఆ๏ʹΑΓଌఆͨ͠ʢ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬෼ੳ๏ฤूҕһձɼ1997ʣɽ

3. ݁Ռ͓Αͼߟ࡯
3.1 ࣮‫ ݧ‬1ɿਫాද૚౔ͷޫಁաੑ
3.1.1 ଠཅి஑ग़ྗͱর౓‫ܭ‬ग़ྗͱͷؔ܎ଠཅి஑ग़ྗͱর౓‫ܭ‬ग़ྗͱͷؔ܎ΛಘΔͨΊɼޫྔΛม࣮͑ͨ‫ݧ‬Λ੖ఱͷ԰֎ͰߦͬͨɽಘΒΕͨ݁ՌΛ

Fig. 2 ʹࣔ͢ɽ྆ऀͷؔ܎͸ɼEv = 0.853 exp(3.42V )Fig. 2 ଠཅి஑ग़ྗͱর౓ͱͷؔ܎ɽThe relation between the output by solar battery andilluminance.

(1)ͨͩ͠ɼEv ͸র౓ʢlm m−2 ʣɼV ͸௚ྲྀిѹʢVʣͰ͋
Δɽܾఆ܎਺͸ 0.998 Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ͜ͷࣜʹΑΓଠཅి஑
ग़ྗʢVʣʵর౓ʢlm m−2 ʣͷม‫׵‬Λߦͬͨɽ

3.1.2 ΞΫϦϧ൘ͱਫಓਫͷޫಁաੑ࠷ॳʹް͞ 3 mm ͷಁ໌ΞΫϦϧ൘ͷ༗ແʹΑΓޫಁաੑʹҧ͍͕͋Δ͔Ͳ͏͔Λௐ΂ͨɽ͜ͷ݁ՌΞΫϦϧ൘ͷޫಁաੑ͸ྑ͘ɼΞΫϦϧ൘ʹΑΔଠཅి஑ग़ྗͷ௿Լ͸ɼΞΫϦϧ൘ͳ͠ͷ৔߹ʹ͸ 3.20 V Ͱ͕͋ͬͨɼ
ΞΫϦϧ൘͋Γͷ৔߹ʹ͸ 3.21 V ͱ 0.4 % ҎԼͰɼಁաޫଌఆ΁ͷӨ‫ڹ‬͸΄ͱΜͲͳ͍ͱ൑அͨ͠ɽ
࣍ʹ͜ͷΞΫϦϧ੡ͷࢼ‫ݧ‬ശͷதʹਫಓਫΛೖΕɼਫਂΛ 0 ∼ 20 mm ·ͰมԽͤͨ͞ͱ͖ɼଠཅి஑ग़ྗʹӨ‫͢ڹ‬Δ͔Ͳ͏͔Λௐ΂ͨɽಘΒΕͨ݁ՌΛ Fig. 3 ʹࣔ͢ɽਤ͔Β໌Β͔ͳΑ͏ʹɼଌఆൣғ಺ͷਫਂʹରͯ͠ग़ྗ͸΄ͱΜͲมԽͤͣਫਂͷӨ‫ڹ‬͸ͳ͍ͱ൑அͨ͠ɽ
Fig. 3 ਫਂͱଠཅి஑ग़ྗͱͷؔ܎ɽThe relation between the water depth and the output
by solar battery.

3.1.3 ਫాද૚౔ͷޫಁաੑ౔ྔΛ 11.3ɼ22.5ɼ45.0ɼ90.0 g ͱมԽͤͯ͞ಁաޫ
ྔΛଌఆͨ͠ɽಘΒΕͨ݁ՌΛ Fig. 4 ʹࣔ͢ɽͳ͓ɼଠ

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)26ଠཅޫͷಁաੑʹؔ͢Δ‫ط‬ԟͷใࠂ͸ΈΒΕͳ͔ͬͨɽ
͜Ε͸ࠓճͷ࣮‫݁ݧ‬Ռ͕ࣔ͢Α͏ʹଠཅޫͷ೾௕ྖҬͰ͸ɼਫా౔͸ޫΛ΄ͱΜͲಁա͠ͳ͍͜ͱ͔Βɼ෺ཧతʹಁա͠ͳ͍ͱԾఆͯ͠΋େ͖ͳ໰୊ͱ͸ͳΒͳ͔͔ͬͨΒͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ͔͠͠ɼຊใࠂʹࣔ͢Α͏ʹɼ͘͝ද૚Ͱ͋ͬͯ΋ଠཅޫ͸ಁա͢Δ͜ͱɼಁա܎਺͸খ͍͕͞ଞͷి࣓೾ͱಉ͘͡ಁաྔ͸ࢦ਺తʹ‫ݮ‬গ͢Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ͱͳͬͨɽ

3.2 ࣮‫ ݧ‬2ɿ࿐ޫ۠ͱ҉ࠇ۠ʹ͓͚Δ౔ͷਂ͞͝ͱͷશ஠ૉ෼෍࿐ޫ۠ͱ҉ࠇ۠ͷશ஠ૉ෼෍͸ɼ࣌‫ظ‬Λม͑࿈ଓͯ͠

3 ճ‫܁‬Γฦͯ͠ଌఆͨ͠ɽ࣮‫ݧ‬ͷ݁Ռɼ֤ճͱ΋࣌‫ظ‬Λ
Fig. 4 ౔ͷਂ͞ͱଠཅޫͷಁաੑͱͷؔ܎ɽThe relation between the soil depth and sunlight transmittanceɽม͑ͯ΋΄΅ಉ͡஋Λࣔͨ͠ɽ͜Ε͸͜ͷ‫ؒظ‬ಉ͡Α͏ʹ੖ఱ͕ଓ͍ͨͨΊͱࢥΘΕΔɽͦ͜Ͱɼ3 ճͷଌఆ݁ՌΛ·ͱΊɼ౔ͷਂ͞͝ͱʹฏ‫ۉ‬Խͨ͠શ஠ૉͷ෼෍Λ

Fig. 5 ʹࣔͨ͠ɽͳ͓ɼਤʹ͸ඪ४ภࠩΛΤϥʔόʔͰࣔͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼ࿐ޫ۠ͱ҉ࠇ۠ʹ͍ͭͯਂ͞͝ͱʹ༗ҙࠩͷ‫ݕ‬ఆʢενϡʔσϯτͷ̓-‫ݕ‬ఆʣΛߦ͍ɼͦͷղੳ݁ՌΛ Fig. 5 ʹซͤͯදࣔͨ͠ɽ
શ஠ૉ͸࿐ޫ۠ͷද૚ 0 ∼ 2 mm ͷΈ૿Ճ͍ͯͯ͠ɼ
҉ࠇ۠ͷද૚ 0 ∼ 2 mm ͱ͸ 1 % ҎԼͰ༗ҙ͕ࠩ͋Γɼଞͷਂؒ͞Ͱ͸༗ҙͷࠩ͸ೝΊΒΕͳ͔ͬͨɽ
Ұํɼ࿐ޫ۠ͷ 2 ∼ 6 mm ͱ҉ࠇ۠ͷ 0 ∼ 4 mm Ͱ͸ͦΕҎԼͷ૚ʹൺ΂ͯશ஠ૉྔͷ‫ݮ‬গ܏޲͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕͨɽ͜Ε͸࿐ޫ۠ͱ҉ࠇ۠ͱ΋ʹද૚ۙ͘Ͱ୤஠͕ੜͨ͡
Մೳੑ͕͋Δ͜ͱΛ͍ࣔͯ͠ΔɽԼ૚΁ͷҠಈ΋ߟ͑ΒΕΔ͕ɼԼ୺͕ด͍ͯ͡Δ͜ͱɼ͓ΑͼԼ෦ͷ஠ૉ‫ؚ‬༗
ྔʢ0.00239 kg kg−1 ʣ͕࣮‫ݧ‬։࢝࣌ͷࢼྉͷ஠ૉ‫ؚ‬༗ྔ
ʢ0.00230 kg kg−1 ʣͱ΄΅౳͍͜͠ͱ͔ΒɼԼํ΁ͷҠಈ͸΄ͱΜͲͳ͔ͬͨͱߟ͑ΒΕͨɽ͔͠͠ɼࠓճͷ࣮
Fig. 5 ࿐ޫ͓۠Αͼ҉ࠇ۠ʹ͓͚Δશ஠ૉͷ෼෍ʢਤதͷΤϥʔόʔ͸ ±1 SD Λࣔ͢ɽn = 3ʣ༗ҙࠩ‫ݕ‬ఆʢενϡʔσϯτͷ t-‫ݕ‬ఆʣͷ݁ՌΛҎԼͷΑ͏ʹਤதʹࣔͨ͠ɽ**: P< 0.01ɼNS: P≥ 0.05ɽ
The distribution of total nitrogen of surface soil under
exposed and shield conditions. Bars indicate one standard
deviation with n = 3. The following values indicate signiﬁcant difference based on Student’s t-testɼ **: P< 0.01 and
NS: not signiﬁcant (P≥ 0.05) .

‫Ͱݧ‬͸࣮‫ݧ‬ऴྃ‫ޙ‬ͷશ஠ૉͷ෼෍ͷΈΛଌఆͨͨ͠Ίɼଌఆ‫ؒظ‬தͷ୤஠Λ‫ؚ‬Ή஠ૉͷಈଶΛ‫ݕ‬౼͢Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͔ͬͨɽͳ͓ɼ࿐ޫ۠ͷද૚ 2 mm ʹ͍ͭͯ҉ࠇ۠ͱͷରൺ͔Β 0. 49 g kg−1 ͷશ஠ૉ͕૿Ճͨ͠ͱԾఆ͢
Δͱɼha ౰ͨΓ໿ 7 kg ͷ૿ՃͱͳΔɽҎ্ͷ݁Ռ͔Βɼ୷ਫԼͷ౔ͷද૚Ͱશ஠ૉ͸࿐ޫ۠
ͷ 0 ∼ 2 mm ͰͷΈ૿େͨ͠ͷʹର͠ɼ҉ࠇ۠ͷ 0 ∼ 2

mm Ͱ͸૿Ճ͠ͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ
ཅి஑ग़ྗ͸ࣜʢ1ʣΛ༻͍ͯর౓ʹม‫࣍͠׵‬ͷؔ܎Λ
ಘͨɽ

4. ݁࿦

Ev = 4.05 × 104 exp(−10.6z)ਫాද૚౔ͷଠཅޫͷಁաੑʹ͍ͭͯଠཅి஑Λ࢖༻

ͨͩ͠ɼEv(2)

͸র౓ʢlm m−2 ʣ, z ͸౔ͷਂ͞ (mm) Ͱ͋Δɽܾఆ܎਺͸ 0.997 Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ

͠ௐ΂ͨ݁Ռɼޫͷ౸ୡਂ͞͸΄΅ 1 mm Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ࿐
ޫͨ͠୷ਫԼͷਫాද૚౔Λਂ͞ 2 mm ͝ͱͷ૚ʹ෼͚ͯશ஠ૉྔͷ෼෍Λௐ΂ͨ݁Ռɼશ஠ૉྔ͕ 0 ∼ 2 mm͜ͷ͔ࣜΒɼਫా౔ͷਂ͞ 1 mm Ͱ౔ͷর౓͸ 1.01 lmͷ૚ͰͷΈ૿Ճ͠ଞͷ૚Ͱ͸มԽ͍ͯ͠ͳ͔ͬͨɽ͜Εm−2 ͱͳΓɼ͜ͷਂ͞Ͱ͸ଠཅޫ͕΄ͱΜͲ౸ୡ͠ͳ

ʹର͠ଠཅޫΛःณͨ͠҉ࠇ۠Ͱ͸Ͳͷ૚΋શ஠ૉྔ͸

͘ͳΔͱ͍͏͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽͳ͓ɼ౔ͷి࣓೾ͷಁաੑ૿Ճ͍ͯ͠ͳ͔ͬͨɽ

ʹ͍ͭͯͷใࠂ͸ɼྫ͑͹ΨϯϚઢ΍ߴप೾Λ༻͍ͨਫҎ্ͷ͜ͱ͔Βɼ࿐ޫ͞Εͨ୷ਫԼͷਫాද૚͕஠ૉ

෼‫ؔͱܭ‬࿈͍͔ͯͭ͘͠‫ݟ‬ग़͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ͔͠͠ɼ

‫ݻ‬ఆʹॏཁͳ໾ׂΛՌ͍ͨͯ͠Δͱ͍͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ

࿦จɿ୷ਫԼͷਫాද૚౔ʹ͓͚Δଠཅޫͷಁաੑͱશ஠ૉྔͷมಈ

27

Habte, M. and Alexander, M. (1980): Nitrogen ﬁxation by photo-ँࣙsynthetic bacteria in lowland rice culture. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 39: 342–347.

NC ΞφϥΠβʔʹΑΔશ஠ૉଌఆʹࡍ͠ɼࢁ‫ܗ‬େֶ೶ֶ෦ · ‫ڭ‬ҭ‫ࢧڀݚ‬ԉࣨͷߴ‫୓ڮ‬໵ࢯ͓Αͼ‫ؠ‬खେֶେֶӃ࿈߹೶ֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պͷ Dina W. Triswanati ͞Μʹେม͓

Kobayashi, M., Takahashi, E. and Kawaguchi, K. (1967): Dis-ੈ࿩ʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼຊ࿦จͷෆे෼ͳॾ఺Λ͝ࢦࢤլҰҰ (1986): ೔ຊͷਫా౔৕ͷංཊੑ. Խֶͱੜ෺, ɹఠ͍͍ͨͩͨࠪಡऀͷօ༷ʹ৺͔ΒँҙΛද͠·͢ɽ

tribution of nitrogen-ﬁxing microorganisms in paddy soils ofSoutheast Asia. Soil Sci., 104: 113–118.
24(12): 799–807.
২෺ӫཆ࣮‫ݧ‬๏ฤूҕһձ (1990): ২෺ӫཆ࣮‫ݧ‬๏. p. 120, ത
༑ࣾ, ౦‫ژ‬.

Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬

Topp, G.C., Davis, J.L. and Annan, A.P. (1980): Electromagnetic
determination of soil water content: Measurement in coaxial
App, A., Santiago, T., Daez, C., Menguito, C., Ventura, W., Tirol,
A., Po, J., Watanabe, I., De Datta, S.K. and Roger, P. (1984):
Estimation of the nitrogen balance for irrigated rice and thecontribution of photosynthetic nitrogen ﬁxation. Field CropRes., 9: 17–27.
౔৕‫ڥ؀‬෼ੳ๏ฤूҕһձ (1997): ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬෼ੳ๏. pp. 226–

228, ത༑ࣾ, ౦‫ژ‬ɽtransmission lines. Water Resour. Res., 16: 574–582.
Reginato, R.J. and van Babel, C.H.M. (1965): Soilwater measurement with gamma attenuation. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 28:
721–724.
Yoshida, T., Ancajas, R.R. and Bautista, E.M. (1973): Atmospheric nitrogen ﬁxation by photosynthetic microorganisms ina submerged Philippine soil. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 19(2): 117–

FAO, ISRIC and ISSS (2006): World Reference Base for Soil

123.

Resources 2006. pp. 21–22, FAO, Rome.

ཁࢫ୷ਫԼͷਫా౔Ͱ͸ɼޫ߹੒ࡉ‫ʹ܈ە‬ΑΔ஠ૉ‫ݻ‬ఆ͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕஌ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ͔͠͠ɼͦͷਂ͞΍Ͳͷఔ౓ͷྔͷ஠ૉ‫ݻ‬ఆ͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯΔ͔͸໌Β͔ʹ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ɽ͜ͷใจͰ͸ɼਫాද૚౔
ʹ͓͚Δଠཅޫͷ౸ୡਂ͞Λ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δͱͱ΋ʹɼ࿐ޫ۠ͱ҉ࠇ۠Λઃஔ͠୷ਫ౔ͷද૚Λബ૚ʹ෼͚ͯҰఆ‫ޙؒظ‬ͷશ஠ૉྔͷ෼෍Λௐ΂ͨɽ͜ͷ݁Ռɼޫͷ౸ୡਂ͞͸໿ 1 mm Ͱ͋Γɼ࿐ޫͨ͠୷ਫ
Լͷਫా౔ͰͷΈ 0 ∼ 2 mm ͷਂ͞ͷશ஠ૉྔ͕૿Ճͨ͠ɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͔Βɼ࿐ޫͨ͠୷ਫਫాද૚Ͱ͸ɼޫ͕͘͝ද૚ʹ‫ݶ‬ఆͯ͠౸ୡ͠ɼશ஠ૉྔ͸͜ͷޫ౸ୡਂ͞Λ‫ؚ‬Ή૚಺ʢ0 ∼ 2 mmʣͰ૿େ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱΛ໌Β͔ʹͨ͠ɽΩʔϫʔυɿ୷ਫాɼද૚౔ɼޫಁաੑɼ஠ૉ‫ݻ‬ఆɼશ஠ૉྔ෼෍

多機能マルチレンジデータロガー ＦＴシリーズ
ＦＴシリーズは、各チャネルに２
２４ビットΔΣ (デルタシグマ)型Ａ／Ｄコンバータを採用し、全チャネル同時サンプリングによる高精度測定を実現したデータロガーです。
各チャネルは、設定によりアナログ／パルス／接点などに切り替えて使用でき、各各種センサを
変換器なしにダイレクトに接続できます。
接続可能なセンサは、温度(Pt100／Ｔ型熱電対／Ｋ型熱電対／サーミスタ)、湿度、日射、日照、
アルベド、放射収支、気圧、風向風速、雨量、土壌水分、土壌酸素、ＥＣ、ｐＨ、ＰＦ、水位、ひずみなど様々です。

■ＦＴ２(エフティーツー)■ＦＴＪｒ(エフティージュニア)

標準で８チャネル、最大６４チャネルまで増設可能 チャネル数を１チャネルまたは２チャネルとして、な多チャネルデータロガーです。

低価格を実現したデータロガーです。

設定により、全てのチャネルをアナログ／パルス／ １チャネルタイプは、チャネル増設ユニットにより接点などの区別なく利用できるため、全てのチャネ ２チャネルタイプへ拡張できます。
ルをパルス信号や接点信号の入力チャネルとして 標準タイプ以外に、熱電対対応タイプ、制御出力機
使用することもできます。

能付きタイプなどをラインアップしています。

≪ＦＴシリーズ共通の主な特徴≫
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ
Ŷ

瞬時値以外に、インターバル間の最大値、最小値、平均値などの統計値を記録
平均風速、平均風向、最大瞬間風速、起時など風向風速測定に関わる演算機能を装備
ひずみセンサ（４ゲージ式、３５０Ωまたは１２０Ω）に対応
電圧測定において、０．１μＶの分解能を実現（電圧±７．５ｍＶレンジ時）
物理量への換算を目的とした多項式を含む演算式設定機能あり
プレヒート機能を備えたセンサ電源供給機能装備
内蔵メモリへの保存データ数１２５，０００回（保存データ数はチャネル数に影響されない）
測定データ回収用としてＵＳＢメモリに対応（ＵＳＢメモリは記録メモリとしても利用可能）
回収データはＣＳＶ形式ファイルのため、市販表計算ソフトで直接読み込み可能
単三乾電池４本、ＡＣアダプタ、ＵＳＢ給電、外部電源（ＤＣ８〜１８Ｖ）に対応
オプションの通信コンバータを利用することで、ネットワークへの接続も可能

詳しくは当社ホームページでご覧ください。

ＭＣＳ 札幌で 検索〒060‑0063 札幌市中央区南３条西８丁目７番地４ 遠藤ビル５F
TEL011‑596‑0201
FA X 011‑596‑0234 
E‑m ailinfo@ m cs‑fs.com URL http://w w w .m cs‑fs.com

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 131, p.29 ∼ 30 (2015)஍Լਫֶͱ౔৕෺ཧֶͷ઀఺ — ಛूʮ࠷ۙͷ஍Լਫ‫ڀݚ‬ʯத઒ɹ‫ ܒ‬1 · ॾઘར࢚ 2஍Լਫͷఆٛͱ͸ԿͰ͋Ζ͏͔ʁ Andersonʢ2007ʣਫ૚ͱͨ͠Ԙਫ৵ೖ્ࢭ‫ܕ‬஍ԼμϜͷஷཹҬʹ͓͚Δ࢒

͸ɼ஍Լਫ໘ΑΓԼʹ͋Δ๞࿨ྖҬͷਫΛ஍Լਫͱఆٛ

ཹԘਫմͷ෼෍ͱ‫ڍ‬ಈʯͰ͋Δɽౡቦ෦ʹ͓͚ΔԘਫ৵͓ͯ͠Γɼ఻౷తʹ΋ͦͷΑ͏ʹ͞Ε͖ͯͨͱड़΂͍ͯೖͱ஍ԼμϜʹؔ͢Δ಺༰Ͱɼถਢ஍ԼμϜ಺ͷ࢒ཹԘΔɽ͜ͷఆٛʹΑΕ͹ɼ஍Լਫ໘ΑΓ΋্ͷෆ๞࿨ྖҬਫͷଌఆࣄྫΛͱΓ·ͱΊͨ΋ͷͰ͋Δɽୈ 3 ใͷ໮Ҫͷ஍தʹଘࡏ͢Δਫ͸ɼ౔৕ਫ΍౔தਫͱ͍͏͜ͱʹͳΒʹΑΔղઆͰ΋औΓѻΘΕ͍ͯΔࢭਫนઃஔ‫ͦʹޙ‬ͷ

ΔͩΖ͏ɽ਺஋γϛϡϨʔγϣϯͳͲͰɼ஍Լਫ໘ͷม಺෦ʹऔΓ࢒͞ΕͨԘਫմʹ͍ͭͯɼ࣮ࡍͷ‫ݱ‬৔ʹ͓͍ԽΛ௥੻͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ৔߹͸ɼ๞࿨ – ෆ๞࿨ྖҬΛҰͯ‫ݕ‬౼Λߦͬͨ‫و‬ॏͳࣄྫͰ͋Δͱ͍͑Δɽ

ମͱͯ͠ѻ͏ඞཁ͕͋ΔͨΊɼ౔৕෺ཧֶ͕‫ڀݚ‬ର৅ͱ

ୈ 3 ใ͸ɼ໮ҪΒʹΑΔղઆʮଟ޸࣭ഔମதͰͷԘਫ

͢Δͱ͜Ζ͸ɼ·͞ʹ͜ͷॏཁͳΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͷ෦৵ೖ · ഉআʹؔ͢Δࣨ಺࣮‫਺ͱݧ‬஋ղੳʯͰ͋Δɽஅ໘

෼Ͱ͋Δͱ‫͑ݴ‬Δɽ
ʮ౔৕෺ཧֶʯͱ͍͏‫ݴ‬༿͔Β͸ɼ౔

2 ࣍‫ݩ‬৔ʹ͓͚Δ༹࣭ͷҠಈ΍Ԙਫ৵ೖ‫ݱ‬৅Λࣨ಺࣮‫ݧ‬ͷྗֶతଌఆ΍ม‫͕ܗ‬ओͳର৅ͷ༷ʹ‫͡ײ‬ΒΕΔ͜ͱ΋͓Αͼ਺஋‫ʹࢉܭ‬ΑͬͯՄࢹԽͨ͠΋ͷͰɼ໮Ҫ‫ڭ‬तʹ͋Δ͕ɼͦΕΒ͸ɼΉ͠Ζ஍൫޻ֶͰऔΓѻΘΕ͖ͯͨɽ

ΑΔ‫ڀݚ‬άϧʔϓͷؔ࿈ͷ‫ڀݚ‬੒Ռ͸ɼࠃ֎Ͱ΋ߴ͘ධۙ೥ͷ౔৕Ԛછ΍஍ԼਫԚછ΁ͷରԠΛߟ͑Δͱɼ౔৕Ձ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢLuyun et al., 2009; Luyun et al., 2011ʣɽ

෺ཧֶ΍஍Լਫֶͷ‫ऀڀݚ‬͸ɼಛʹͲͪΒ͕ઐ໳Ͱ͋Δ

͜ͷΑ͏ͳΧϥϜ࣮‫ͱݧ‬ϑΟʔϧυͷϥΠγϝʔλʔͷͱҙࣝͤͣʹɼ·ͨର৅ͱ͢Δ৔Λ‫ݶ‬ఆͤͣʹɼ༷ʑͳதؒʹҐஔ͢ΔΑ͏ͳεέʔϧͷࣨ಺࣮‫ݧ‬΍ՄࢹԽख๏

‫ݕ‬౼Λߦ͍ͬͯΔ͸ͣͰ͋Δɽͱ͸͍͑ɼ͜Ε·Ͱ྆ऀ͸ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶͰ΋஫໨ʹ஋͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬ख๏ͱ͍͑ɼಡऀ

ͷؒʹे෼ͳ৘ใަ‫͞ͳ͕׵‬Εͯ͜ͳ͔ͬͨΑ͏ʹ΋ͷࢀߟʹͳΔͩΖ͏ɽ஍Լਫֶͱ౔৕෺ཧֶʹ‫ڞ‬௨͢Δ

ࢥ͑ΔɽҎ্ͷΑ͏ͳ఺͔Βɼ͜ͷ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʹ͓͍ʮҠྲྀ෼ࢄ༹࣭༌ૹ‫ݱ‬৅ʯʹؔ͠ɼ‫Ͱؒऀڀݚ‬࿈‫͢ܞ‬Δ͜

ͯɼ͜Ε·Ͱ͋·Γ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͯ͜ͳ͔ͬͨͱࢥΘΕΔ‫ݚ‬ͱͷॏཁੑʹ΋৮ΕΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ‫ڀ‬ςʔϚʹؔ͢Δ‫ߘݪ‬Λ঺հ͢Δ͜ͱ΋ɼಡऀʹͱͬͯ

ୈ 4 ใ͸ɼᜊ౻ · த઒ʹΑΔ࿦จʮද૚஍൫ʹ͓͚Δ

͸༗ҙٛͰ͋Δͱߟ͑ɼಛूʮ࠷ۙͷ஍Լਫ‫ڀݚ‬ʯ͕‫ا‬ϑΟϯΨʔྲྀͷൃੜͱ෺࣭༌ૹʹؔ͢Δ਺஋࣮‫ݧ‬ʯͰ͋ը͞ΕͨɽΔɽϥϯμϜͳಁਫ܎਺৔ʹൃੜͤͨ͞ϑΟϯΨʔྲྀͱ୲౰ฤूҕһͷྗྔΏ͑ɼ࠷৽ͷ஍Լਫ‫ڀݚ‬ͷશͯΛͦΕ͕෺࣭༌ૹʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫͍ͯͭʹڹ‬࿦ͨ͡΋ͷͰ͋໢ཏ͍ͯ͠Δͱ͸ɼͱͯ΋‫੾͍ݴ‬Εͳ͍΋ͷͷɼ࠷ۙɼΔɽϑΟϯΨʔྲྀ͕ൃੜ͍ͯ͠ΔΑ͏ͳෆ҆ఆͳྲྀΕ৔ಛʹ஫໨͞Ε͍ͯΔτϐοΫʹऔΓ૊·Ε͍ͯΔ 4 ऀʹʹ͓͚Δ༹࣭ͷ෼ࢄ‫ݱ‬৅ʹ͍ͭͯɼఆྔతͳධՁΛࢼΈ‫ߘݪ‬Λґཔ͠ɼࣥ͝ච͍͍ͨͩͨ΋ͷͰ͋ΔɽҎԼʹ͍ͦͯΔɽຊใ͸஍Լਫ໘ΑΓ΋্ͷ౔৕தͰੜ͡ΔϑΟΕͧΕͷ֓ཁΛࣔͦ͏ɽϯΨʔྲྀʹؔ͢Δ‫͋Ͱڀݚ‬Γɼ౔৕෺ཧֶʹ͓͍ͯ΋͓

ୈ 1 ใ͸ɼ౻ೄʹΑΔղઆʮ஍൫ͷ೤఻ಋ཰Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔೃછΈͷ಺༰ͱ͍͑Α͏ɽ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷֶձ௕ɼࠤլେֶ௕‫ڭ‬೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬ͷͨΊͷଟ߲઴ۙղΛ༻͍ͨ‫ٯ‬ղੳ๏ʯͰ͋

तΒͷ‫͕ڀݚ‬஌ΒΕ͓ͯΓʢRooij and Cho, 1999; ChoΔɽ࣮‫౔Ͱࣨݧ‬৕ͷ೤఻ಋ཰Λ‫ܭ‬ଌ͢ΔͨΊʹ΋ར༻Ͱ

and Rooij, 2002ʣɼ਺஋‫ʹࢉܭ‬ΑΓɼ͜ͷ‫ݱ‬৅ͷϝΧχζ

͖Δͱ͍͏͜ͱͰɼ༗༻ͳ಺༰Ͱ͋ΔͱࢥΘΕΔɽ͜ͷϜΛඥղ͘ํ๏ͷҰҊͱͯ͠ɼͥͻࢀߟʹͯ͠΄͍͠ɽΑ͏ͳ஍த೤ར༻ʹؔ͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬͸ɼ·͞ʹ஍Լਫֶͱ౔
৕෺ཧֶͷ઀఺ͷΑ͏ͳ‫ڀݚ‬ςʔϚͰ͋ͬͯɼ౔৕෺ཧ

ຊ߸Ͱ͸ୈ 1 ใͱୈ 2 ใΛ‫͠ࡌܝ‬ɼ࣍߸Ͱୈ 3 ใͱୈ
4 ใΛ঺հ͢Δ༧ఆͰ͋Δɽ͢Ͱʹ͓‫͖ͮؾ‬ͷํ΋ଟ͍‫ͯͬͱʹऀڀݚ‬΋஫໨ͷτϐοΫͰ͋Ζ͏ʢͨͱ͑͹ɼͱࢥΘΕΔ͕ɼຊಛूͰऔΓ্͛Δ಺༰͸ɼ౔৕΍౔৕੪౻Βɼ2014ʣɽ

ͱಉ͡ଟ޸࣭ഔମʹ͓͚ΔਫͷྲྀΕͱ೤΍༹࣭ͷ༌ૹΛ

ୈ 2 ใ͸ɼ٢ຊΒʹΑΔ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτʮླྀ‫ٿ‬ੴփ‫ؠ‬ΛଳऔΓѻ͏΋ͷͰɼ͍ͣΕ΋ɼ΋ͱ΋ͱ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʹ‫ܝ‬ࡌͰ͖Δൣғͷ಺༰Ͱ͋Δɽ͜ͷ͜ͱΛ౿·͑ɼಡऀͷ

1 Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki

University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan. Corresponding author: த઒ɹ‫ܒ‬, ௕࡚େֶ2 Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka , Kita-ku , Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 25 ೔डߘɹ 2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 28 ೔डཧօ༷ʹ͸ɼ෯޿͍಺༰Ͱ౔৕෺ཧֶΛଊ͑ɼ‫ڀݚ‬੒ՌΛ౤ߘ͍͖͍ͨͩͨͱߟ͑ɼ·ͨͦͷΑ͏ͳ‫ػ‬ձͷ͖͔͚ͬ΍ࢀߟʹͳΕ͹޾͍Ͱ͋Δɽ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)30Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬

retical and empirical concepts. Hydrological Science Journal,
44(3): 447–464.
Luyun Jr., R., Momii, K. and Nakagawa, K. (2009): Laboratory-

Anderson, M.P. (2007):

Introducing Groundwater physics.

Physics Today: 42-47.

scale saltwater behavior due to subsurface cutoff wall. Journalof Hydrology, 377: 227–236.

Cho, H. and de Rooij, G.H. (2002): Pressure head distribution

Luyun Jr., R., Momii, K. and Nakagawa, K. (2011): Effects

during unstable ﬂow in relation to the formation and dissipa-of recharge wells and ﬂow barriers on seawater intrusion.

tion of ﬁngers. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 6(4):groundwater, 49(2): 239–249.

763–771.
de Rooij, G.H. and Cho, H. (1999): Modeling solute leaching during ﬁngered ﬂow by integrating and expanding various theo-ࡈ౻޿ོ, ࡈ౻݈ࢤ, ޲‫ޙ‬༤ೋ, ᖛຊণҰ࿠, Moldrup, P., খদొࢤࢠ (2014): ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ؒ࣌ࢪ࣮ݧ‬ͷ୹ॖ͕Έ͔͚೤఻ಋ཰ਪ
ఆʹ༩͑ΔӨ‫ڹ‬ɿ਺஋త‫ڀݚ‬. ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɼ128: 11–20.

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 131, p.31 ∼ 36 (2015)஍൫ͷ೤఻ಋ཰Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬ͷͨΊͷଟ߲઴ۙղΛ༻͍ͨ‫ٯ‬ղੳ๏౻ೄࠀ೭ 1

The thermal response test and an inverse analysis method
for identifying thermal conductivity of soil
Katsuyuki FUJINAWA1

Abstract: Thermal response tests (TRTs) have been
widely used to identify thermal conductivity of soils. However, only the ﬁrst two terms of power-series expansion
for the exponential integral, which appears in Kelvin’s line
source function used for analyzing data of TRTs, have beenused by the conventional method. This method sometimes
leads to inaccurate estimation of parameters and long testing time. A new method, brieﬂy introduced in this paper,
evaluates much higher terms and uses an inverse method
to identify thermal conductivity together with a parametercontaining volumetric heat capacity. This method also enables to identify true thermal conductivities by using earlydata of TRTs and to reduce testing time. Some cases applied to ﬁelds with various conditions are also shown inthis paper for further application to soil physics.
Key Words : thermal conductivity, thermal response
test (TRT), Kelvin’s line source function, inverse analysis
method, volumetric heat capacity

1. ͸͡Ίʹ

ҟͳΔ 2 λΠϓͷ GSHP Ͱ͸ɼΦʔϓϯλΠϓͷํ͕େ෯ʹΠχγϟϧίετΛ࡟‫͖Ͱݮ‬ΔͨΊɼ஍Լਫ͕༲
ਫͰ͖Δ৔ॴͰ͸ΦʔϓϯλΠϓͷγεςϜ͕‫ק‬ΊΒΕΔɽैདྷɼࢪઃԂܳͰ͸ౙ‫ʹظ‬ੴ༉Λ༻͍ͨஆ๪͕༻͍ΒΕ͖͕ͯͨɼԹࣨޮՌ‫ؾ‬ମͰ͋ΔೋࢎԽ୸ૉΛഉग़͢Δ
ԽੴΤωϧΪʔͷ࢖༻͸஍‫ٿ‬ԹஆԽͷ‫͍ͯͬͳͱڟݩ‬Δ
্ɼୈ 1 ࣍ੴ༉‫ػة‬ҎདྷཚߴԼΛ‫܁‬Γฦ͢ੴ༉Ձ֨͸ࢪઃ໺ࡊੜ࢈‫ݱ‬৔Λ຋࿔͠ɼ҆ఆ‫ܦ‬Ӧ্ͷେ͖ͳࢧোͱ
ͳ͖ͬͯͨɽͦ͜Ͱੴ༉࢖༻ྔ࡟‫ݮ‬ͷखஈͱͯ͠ɼࢪઃ
Ԃܳ෼໺Ͱ΋ώʔτϙϯϓ͕஫໨͞Ε͍ͯΔ͕ɼ‫ීࡏݱ‬‫͍ͯ͠ٴ‬Δώʔτϙϯϓͷେ෦෼͸ۭ‫ؾ‬Λ೤‫͓ͯ͠ͱݯ‬Γɼౙ‫ظ‬ஆ๪Ͱ͸σϑϩετʢআૼʣʹΑΓஆ๪ޮ཰͕Լ
͕Δ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɼஆ๪ෛՙ͕େ͖͘ͳΔ΄Ͳஆ๪ೳྗ͕খ͘͞ͳΔͱ͍ͬͨܽ఺͕͋Δɽ͞Βʹɼۭ‫ؾ‬೤‫ݯ‬ώʔτϙϯϓ͸ɼి‫ؾ‬୅͕ߴ͘ɼ೩༉ͱൺ΂ͯϥϯχϯάί
ετ͕࡟‫͍ͨͳ͖Ͱݮ‬Ίɼ೩༉ϘΠϥʔͱͷϋΠϒϦο
υԽ͕ਪ঑͞ΕΔͳͲ໛ࡧ͕ଓ͍͍ͯΔɽ͜ͷͨΊɼྫྷஆ๪ޮ཰͕ѱ͍ۭ‫ؾ‬೤‫ʹݯ‬୅ΘΓɼ1 ೥Λͱ͓ͯ͠Թ౓

ۙ೥ɼઙ૚஍Լʹොଘ͢Δྫྷ೤΍Թ೤Λ‫ݐ‬ங෺΍೶‫ۀ‬มԽ͕খ͘͞ɼফඅిྗͷେ෯࡟‫͖ͰݙߩͰݮ‬Δ஍Լਫ

ࢪઃͳͲͷྫྷஆ๪ʹར༻͢Δ஍Լ೤ώʔτϙϯϓγες

Λ೤‫͢ͱݯ‬ΔώʔτϙϯϓγεςϜ͕։ൃ͞Ε͖͓ͯͯϜʢGSHPʣͱ‫ݺ‬͹ΕΔ࠶ੜՄೳΤωϧΪʔར༻ٕज़͕

ΓɼΦϥϯμͳͲͷઌਐࠃͰ͸͢Ͱʹଟ͘ͷԂܳࢪઃʹ஫໨͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ͜ͷγεςϜʹ͸ɼਂ౓ 100 m ఔ౓ಋೖ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽͷϘʔϦϯά޸ʹ೤ަ‫׵‬ύΠϓΛૠೖͯ͠஍தͰ೤ަ‫׵‬චऀ͸ɼH26 · 27 ೥౓ͷ೶ਫল༧ࢉʹΑΓ೶‫ · ۀ‬৯඼ͤ͞ΔΫϩʔζυλΠϓͱɼ஍ԼਫΛ༲ਫͯ͠஍্Ͱ࠾

࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़૯߹‫ߏػڀݚ‬ੜ෺‫ܥ‬ಛఆ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़‫ࢧڀݚ‬ԉηϯ೤͢ΔΦʔϓϯλΠϓ͕͋Δɽ͍ͣΕͷλΠϓͰ΋ώʔλʔ͕࣮ࢪ͍ͯ͠Δʮ߈Ίͷ೶ྛਫ࢈‫ۀ‬ͷ࣮‫͚ͨ޲ʹݱ‬τϙϯϓΛซઃ͢Δ৔߹͕ଟ͍͕ɼώʔτϙϯϓʹརֵ৽తٕज़‫ٸۓ‬ల։ࣄ‫ۀ‬ʢ͏ͪ࢈ֶͷӳ஌Λ݁ूֵͨ͠

༻͢Δ೤‫ݯ‬͸ஆ๪‫Ͱظ‬͸ߴԹ΄Ͳɼྫྷ๪‫ʹظ‬͸௿Թ΄Ͳ৽తͳٕज़ମ‫ܥ‬ͷཱ֬ʣʯʹ͓͍ͯʮࢪઃԂܳ࠿ഓ࡞෺

ྫྷஆ๪ʹཁ͢ΔফඅΤωϧΪʔ͕গͳ͘ͳΔɽ͕ͨͬ͠

ͷ௿ίετ · ߴ඼࣭ · प೥҆ఆ‫ٕڅڙ‬ज़ͷཱ֬ʯͱ͍͏

ͯɼౙ‫ʹظ‬௿ԹͱͳΓɼՆ‫ߴʹظ‬ԹͱͳΔେ‫ؾ‬Λ೤‫ͱݯ‬ςʔϚͰ࣮ূࢼ‫ݧ‬Λ࣮ࢪதͰɼ஍Լਫ೤‫ݯ‬ώʔτϙϯϓ

͢Δैདྷ‫ͱܕ‬ൺ΂ɼۭௐ؅ཧԹ౓ʹ͍ۙ೤‫ݯ‬Λར༻͢Δ

γεςϜΛಋೖͨ͠ࢪઃͷ H26 ೥౓ౙ‫ظ‬ஆ๪ࢼ‫Ͱݧ‬͸

GSHP ͷํ͕ᴴ͔ʹޮ཰తͰɼྫྷஆ๪ʹཁ͢Δϥϯχϯ

౮༉ϘΠϥʔࢪઃൺֱͰେ෯ͳফඅΤωϧΪʔ࡟‫ݮ‬Λ࣮άίετΛେ෯ʹ࡟‫͢ݮ‬Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽͳ͓ɼੑ࣭ͷ‫͠ݱ‬ɼH27 ೥౓ͷՆ‫ྫྷظ‬๪ࢼ‫͍͓ͯʹݧ‬΋ྑ޷ͳ݁ՌΛ

1 Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano,380-8553, Japan. Corresponding authorɿ౻ೄࠀ೭ɼ৴भେֶ޻ֶ෦
2015 ೥ 8 ݄ 17 ೔डߘɹ 2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 14 ೔डཧ

ಘ͍ͯΔɽΦʔϓϯλΠϓʹͤΑΫϩʔζυλΠϓʹͤΑɼGSHP
γεςϜͷઃ‫ʹܭ‬͸࠾೤ྔ‫͕ࢉܭ‬ඞཁͰ͋Δɽಛʹɼ஍౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)32൫ͱͷ೤ަ‫͕׵‬γεςϜͷੜ໋ઢͱͳΔΫϩʔζυλΠ͸ɼMogensenʢ1983ʣʹΑͬͯॳΊͯ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬σʔλϓͰ͸ɼ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬ʢThermal Response Tests: TRTsʣͱͷධՁʹద༻͞Εɼ‫Ͱࡏݱ‬͸೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬ͷσʔλղੳʹ‫ݺ‬͹ΕΔ஍൫ͷ೤఻ಋ཰Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔࢼ‫͕ݧ‬ඞਢͱͳ͍ͬͯ

޿͘ར༻͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ

Δɽ஍ԼਫͷྲྀΕ͕͋Δ‫ݱ‬৔Ͱ͸೤఻ಋ཰͕աେʹධՁ

3. ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬σʔλͷղੳ͞ΕΔͨΊɼ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕͨ೤఻ಋ཰͸‫͚͔ݟ‬೤఻ಋ཰ͱ‫ݺ‬͹Ε͍ͯΔ͕ɼਁಁྲྀ͕ͳ͍৔߹ʹ͸ඇৗʹਖ਼֬ʹ஍൫ͷ೤఻ಋ཰͕‫ܭ‬ଌͰ͖Δɽ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫Ͱݧ‬͸ɼ๞࿨͋Δ͍͸ෆ๞࿨ͷ೗ԿʹΑΒͣࢼྉͷ೤఻ಋ཰͕‫ܭ‬ଌ͞ΕΔͨ
Ίɼ౔৕෺ཧͷ෼໺Ͱ΋࣮‫ࣨݧ‬΍໺֎Ͱར༻͕ՄೳͰ͋
Δɽͦ͜ͰຊߘͰ͸ɼTRT ͷ‫ݪ‬ཧͱಘΒΕͨσʔλ͔Β؆ศʹ೤఻ಋ཰͕ಉఆͰ͖Δ‫ٯ‬ղੳ๏ʢ্‫ · ݪ‬౻ೄɼ

Fig. 1 ʹࣔ͢Α͏ʹɼE(X) ͷ઴ۙղͷਫ਼౓͸ X ʹґଘ͠ʢ౻ೄɼ2010ʣɼX ͕े෼ʹখ͍͞৔߹ʢX ʻ 0.05Ͱ‫ࠩޡ‬͸ 2.2 % ҎԼʣ͸ɼ࠷ॳͷ 2 ߲ͷΈΛ༻͍ͯ

E(X) ∼= −γ − ln X ͰۙࣅͰ͖Δɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼ2 ߲ۙࣅ๏Ͱ͸೤ަ‫׵‬ҪͷԹ౓มԽΛҎԼͷۙࣅղͰද‫͢ݱ‬Δɽ

2013ʣͷ֓ཁͱద༻ࣄྫΛ঺հ͢ΔɽQH
r2 (ρ c)− ln
−γ
4π (bλ )4λ t

2. ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬ͷ‫ݪ‬ཧTr ∼=ਁಁྲྀ͕ͳ͘ɼ‫͔࣭ͭۉ‬౳ํੑͷແ‫ݶ‬ԕ஍൫ʹ‫౓ڧ‬Ұ

͍·ɼʢ4ʣࣜΛม‫͢ܗ‬Δͱɼ

(4)

ఆͷઢ‫ݯ‬೤ෛՙΛ༩͑ͨ৔߹ɼഔମதͷ೤Ҡಈ͸ԁ౵࠲Tr ∼= k ln(t) + m

ඪΛ༻͍ͨ࣍ͷ೤఻ಋํఔࣜͱॳ‫ظ‬৚͓݅Αͼ‫ڥ‬ք৚݅Ͱද‫͖Ͱݱ‬Δɽ

{b(ρ c)} ∂ T∂ 2T 1 ∂ T
+
=
∂ r2
r ∂r
(bλ ) ∂ tॳ‫ظ‬৚݅ɿT (r, 0) = T0 ɼɹ͕ಘΒΕΔɽ͜͜ʹɼ

(1)

QH
ɼ
4π (bλ )
 


4λ
QH
ln 2
−γ
m=
4π (bλ )r (ρ c)k=rw ≤ r ≤ ∞‫ڥ‬ք৚݅ 1ɿT (∞,t) = T0 ɼɹ

t ≥0

∂T
= QH ɼt > 0
2π r(bλ )∂r‫ڥ‬ք৚݅ 2ɿ lim

r−rw →02 ߲ۙࣅ๏Λ༻͍ͨ৔߹ɼยର਺ࢴͷॎ࣠ʹ Tr Λɼԣ࣠ʹ ln(t) Λͱͬͯ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬σʔλΛϓϩοτ͠ɼ௚r ͸೤ަ‫׵‬Ҫத৺͔Βͷ൒‫ܘ‬ʢmʣɼrw ͸೤ަ‫׵‬Ҫͷ൒‫ܘ‬ʢmʣɼQH ͸஍൫ͱͷ೤ަ‫ྔ׵‬ʢWʣɼλ ͸஍൫ͷ೤఻ಋ
཰ʢW m−1 K−1 ʣɼρ ͸஍൫ͷີ౓ʢkg m−3 ʣɼc ͸஍൫
−1−1
ͷൺ೤ʢW s kg K ʣɼb ͸ U ࣈ؅ͷຒઃਂ౓ʢmʣͰ͋Δɽ͍·ɼՃ೤ʹΑΔ஍൫ͷԹ౓্ঢྔΛ Tr = T − T0ͱ͠ɼʢ1ʣ͓ࣜΑͼॳ‫ظ‬৚݅ · ‫ڥ‬ք৚݅Λม‫ͯ͠ܗ‬ඍ෼ํఔࣜΛղ͘ͱɼҎԼͷ͕ࣜಘΒΕΔɽ

QH
4π (bλ ) ∞ −u
e
X

u

du =

QH
E(X)
4π (bλ )(2)

X=

Fig. 1 E(X) ͷਖ਼֬ղͱۙࣅղɽ

r2 (ρ c)4λ t͜͜ʹɼʢ2ʣࣜ͸έϧϏϯͷઢ‫ݺͱ਺ؔݯ‬͹ΕɼE(X) ͸࣍ͷ઴ۙղͰల։Ͱ͖Δɽ

E(X) = −γ − ln X + X −

(6)

Ͱ͋Δɽ

͜͜ʹɼT ͸஍൫ͷԹ౓ʢKʣ
ɼT0 ͸ॳ‫ظ‬ͷ஍൫Թ౓ʢKʣ
ɼ

Tr =

(5)

X2
X3
X4
+
−
+ · · · · · (3)2 · 2! 3 · 3! 4 · 4!

ͳ͓ɼγ (= 0.5772 · ·· ) ͸ΦΠϥʔఆ਺Ͱ͋Δɽ
έϧϏϯͷઢ‫਺ؔݯ‬ཧ࿦ʢIngersoll and Plass, 1948ʣ

Fig. 2 2 ߲ۙࣅ๏ʹΑΔ೤఻ಋ཰ͷਪఆɽղઆɿ஍൫ͷ೤఻ಋ཰Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬ͷͨΊͷଟ߲઴ۙղΛ༻͍ͨ‫ٯ‬ղੳ๏ઢ෦෼ͷ܏͖ k Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔͱɼ೤఻ಋ཰ λ ͸33

ಋ཰ λ ͷΈͰ͋ΓɼҰൠʹମੵ೤༰ྔ (ρ c) ʹ͸จ‫ݙ‬஋͕༻͍ΒΕΔɽ(ρ c) ͕ਖ਼֬ʹܾఆͰ͖ͳ͍

λ = QH /4π bkͨΊɼධՁ͞Εͨ೤఻ಋ཰ͷΈͰ͸ਖ਼֬ղʢ2ʣ͕

(7)࠶‫͖ͣͰݱ‬ɼղੳ݁Ռͱଌఆ݁Ռ͕Ͳͷఔ౓߹கͰධՁͰ͖Δɽ͜ͷํ๏͕‫ࡏݱ‬೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬ͷσʔλղੳ͍ͯ͠Δ͔Λ‫͢ূݕ‬Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɽͰ΋ͬͺΒར༻͞Ε͍ͯΔ஍൫ͷ೤఻ಋ཰ධՁ๏Ͱ͋
ΔɽFig. 2 ͸ 2 ߲ۙࣅ๏ʹΑΔղੳࣄྫͰɼ௚ઢ۠ؒ

ͦ͜Ͱɼ2 ߲ۙࣅʹ൐͏ਫ਼౓௿ԼΛղফ͢Δͱͱ΋ʹɼͷۙࣅࣜͷޯ഑ΑΓ೤఻ಋ཰ 2.46 W m−1 K−1 ͕‫ٻ‬ΊΒ೤఻ಋ཰ͷΈͳΒͣମੵ೤༰ྔʹ܎ΘΔ܎਺΋ࣗಈత

ΕΔɽʹධՁͰ͖Δख๏͕ύ΢Τϧͷ‫ڞ‬໾܏ࣼ๏Λ༻͍ͨύϥ

2 ߲ۙࣅ๏ʹΑΔैདྷ๏Λ༻͍ͨ৔߹͸ɼʮࢼ‫ݧ‬։͔࢝Βे෼ͳ͕࣌ؒ‫ܦ‬աͨ۠ؒ͠ͷσʔλΑΓ k ஋Λܾఆ
͢Δ͜ͱ͕๬·͍͠ʯʢ௕໺ɼ 2010ʣͱ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ͠๏͸ࣨ಺࣮‫͞ূݕͰݧ‬Εɼ‫ࡏݱ‬͸ղੳ༻ιϑτ TRT Ξϝʔλͷ‫ٯ‬ղੳ๏ʢ্‫ · ݪ‬౻ೄɼ2013ʣͰ͋Δɽ͜ͷํφϥʔβʔʢhttp://www.shinshu-tlo.com/trt-aʣͱͯ͠޿

͕ͨͬͯɺैདྷ๏Λར༻͢Δ৔߹ɺे෼ͳਫ਼౓͕୲อ͞

͘Ұൠͷ༻ʹ‫͞ڙ‬Ε͍ͯΔɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼ‫ٯ‬ղੳ๏ͷ֓ཁΕɼॳ‫ظ‬ஈ֊Ͱ஍த೤ަ‫ث׵‬΍ॆరࡎͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λड͚ͳ͍ͱద༻݁ՌΛ঺հ͢Δɽ

Α͏ɼՃ೤࣌ؒ͸ඪ४Ͱ 60 ࣌ؒɼ࠷୹Ͱ΋ 48 ࣌ؒҎ঑͞Ε͓ͯΓɼҰൠతͳࢼ‫ؒظݧ‬͸ 1 िؒҎ্ඞཁͱͳ

Fig. 1 ΑΓɼୈ 2 ߲ɼୈ 4 ߲ɼୈ 6 ߲ɼୈ 12 ߲ɼୈ
16 ߲ɼୈ 30 ߲ͱɼධՁ߲਺Λ૿΍͢ʹͭΕͯ‫ࢉܭ‬஋͸
E(X) ͷਖ਼֬ղʹ઴ۙ͢Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔Δɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼਖ਼

Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳैདྷ๏ͷ໰୊఺Λ·ͱΊΔͱҎԼͷΑ͏֬ղͱ΄΅Ұக͢Δߴ߲࣍·ͰۙࣅղͷධՁ߲Λ૿΍ͤʹͳΔɽ͹ 1/X ͕খ͍͞ॳ‫ظ‬σʔλͷ࢖༻͕ՄೳͱͳΓɼ೤Ԡ౴্ɼਫ਼ີʹߦ͍͍ͨ৔߹ʹ͸ 100 ࣌ؒఔ౓ߦ͏͜ͱ͕ਪ

ࢼ‫ݧ‬ͷ࣌ؒ୹ॖͱਫ਼౓ͷ޲্ΛਤΔ͜ͱ͕ՄೳͱͳΔɽ
ʢ1ʣ‫ڐ͕ࠩޡ‬༰ൣғͱ͞Ε͍ͯΔ 2.2 % ҎԼʹͳΔ࣌

ͦ͜Ͱɼࢦ਺ੵ෼ E(X) ͷ΂͖‫਺ڃ‬ల։ࣜΛୈ 30 ߲·ؒ t ͕ࣄલʹ͸ෆ໌ͷͨΊɼ܏͖ k Λܾఆ͢Δ௚

Ͱߟྀ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬ͷॳ‫ظ‬ஈ֊ͷσʔλ΋ઢ͕۠ؒ໌֬ʹબఆͰ͖ͳ͍ɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼͲͷ‫͢༻׆‬Δͱ‫ʹڞ‬ɼ஍൫ͷ೤఻ಋ཰ͱମੵ೤༰ྔʹ܎ΘΔ۠ؒͷσʔλΛ௚ઢ෦ͱఆΊΔ͔͸ղੳऀͷ‫ݧܦ‬஋͕ಉఆͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͨ͠΋ͷ͕ TRT ΞφϥʔβʔͰత൑அʹҕͶΒΕɼղੳ݁Ռ͕ਓʹΑͬͯҟͳΔɽ

͋Δɽ

ʢ2ʣॳ‫ظ‬ஈ֊ͷσʔλ͕࢖༻Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͨΊɼࢼ‫ؒظݧ‬Λ௕͘ͱΔඞཁ͕͋Δɽ
ʢ3ʣ2 ߲ۙࣅ๏ͰಘΒΕΔ஍൫ͷ೤Ԡ౴ಛੑ͸ɼ೤఻

Fig. 3 ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫૷ݧ࣮ݧ‬ஔɽ

TRT Ξφϥʔβʔ͸ɼ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬ͷσʔλʹύ΢Τϧͷ‫ڞ‬໾܏ࣼ๏Λ༻͍ͨ‫ٯ‬ղੳ๏Λద༻͠ɼύϥϝʔλΛಉఆ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋ΔɽFig. 3 ͸ධՁ͞Εͨ೤఻ಋ཰ʹ

34౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)

Fig. 4 ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫݁ݧ‬Ռͱಉఆ͞ΕͨύϥϝʔλͰ‫ͨ͠ࢉܭ‬஋ͱ࣮ଌ஋ͷൺֱɽղઆɿ஍൫ͷ೤఻ಋ཰Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬ͷͨΊͷଟ߲઴ۙղΛ༻͍ͨ‫ٯ‬ղੳ๏

35

Table 1 ֤έʔεʹ͓͚Δύϥϝʔλಉఆ݁Ռɽ
߲໨

୯Ґ

S1

S2

N

K

SB

λ
r2 (ρ c)f /NN

W m−1 K−1

2.33
1559.64
0.075
4320

2.51
1707.15
0.056
4320

1.79
650.21
0.158
4320

3.01
873.93
0.186
4320

1.91
2167.75
0.079
4320

W s m−1 K−1Km஍Լਫྲྀಈ͕༩͑ΔӨ‫ڹ‬Λௐ΂ΔͨΊͷࣨ಺࣮‫૷ݧ‬ஔΛ͍Δɽࣔͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δʢᖛ໺Βɼ2014ʣɽ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫͚͓ʹݧ‬έʔε N Ͱέʔε S2 ΄Ͳղੳղͱ࣮ଌ஋ͱͷద߹ੑΔԹ౓ͷ‫ܭ‬ଌ͸೤ަ‫׵‬Ҫʹ͓͍ͯߦΘΕΔͨΊཧ࿦্͸͕ߴ͘ͳ͔͕ͬͨɼͦͷ‫ݪ‬Ҽ͸ 60 m ෇ۙҎਂͰ஍൫ͷr = 0 Ͱ͋Δ͕ɼ࣮࣭తʹ͸ r = 0 ʹ‫ۃ‬Ί͍ͯۙଌ఺ͷԹԹ౓্͕ঢ͓ͯ͠Γɼ೤఻ಋཧ࿦ͷલఏ৚͕݅ຬ଍͞Ε౓͕‫ܭ‬ଌ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽͦ͜Ͱɼಛఆ͕ࠔ೉ͳ‫؍‬ଌ஍఺ͷ͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱʹΑΔ΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ·ͨɼઍ‫ۂ‬઒ۙ๣൒‫ ܘ‬r ͱ (ρ c) ΛҰମԽͨ͠ r2 (ρ c) Λ೤఻ಋ཰ λ ͱͱ΋ʹҐஔ͢ΔαΠτͰ࣮ࢪͨ͠έʔε K ͷಉఆ݁ՌͰ͸ʹಉఆ͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ

೤఻ಋ཰͕େ͖͘ɼr2 (ρ c) ͸খ͘͞ͳ͕ͬͨɼ͜Ε͸஍·ͨɺ࠷దύϥϝʔλͷಉఆʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼ࣍ͷ໨తؔ਺Լਫྲྀಈʹ൐͏Ҡྲྀ΍෼ࢄͳͲͷ೤఻ಋҎ֎ͷϝΧχζ
Ϝ͕ಇ͍ͨͨΊͰ͋Δɽ།Ұɺ౦‫౎ژ‬৺෦Ͱଌఆ͞Εͨέʔε SB Ͱ͸ɺ೤఻ಋ཰͸΍΍খ͘͞ͳ͕ͬͨɺ͜ΕF=N∑ (Tri − T ri )

2

(8)

i=1

͸஍૚ͷಛੑʢް͍೪౔૚ͳͲʣ͕൓ө͞Εͨ΋ͷͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽΛ࠷গʹ͢Δ୳ࡧաఔͷ݁Ռͱͯ͠ಉఆ஋͕‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕ

4. ͓ΘΓʹ

Δɽ͜͜ʹɼT ri ͸‫͞ࢉܭ‬Εͨ i ൪໨ͷԹ౓্ঢྔɼTri ͸࣮ଌ͞Εͨ i ൪໨ͷԹ౓্ঢྔͰ͋Δɽ·ͨɼN ͸‫ٯ‬ղੳʹ༻͍ΔԹ౓্ঢྔσʔλͷ‫͋Ͱ਺ݸ‬Γɼσʔλ 1 ͭ͋ͨΓͷ‫ࠩޡ‬Λද͢ධՁई౓ʹ͸‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͱ࣮ଌ஋ͷઈର஋‫ࠩޡ‬ͷ૯࿨Λ૯σʔλ਺Ͱআͨ͠

ద༻ͯ͠೤఻ಋ཰ͳͲͷύϥϝʔλΛ‫ٻ‬ΊͨࣄྫΛ঺հ

NN

౓޲্ͱ‫ٯ‬ղੳΛ༻͍ͨσʔλղੳ๏ʹ͍ͭͯͷ֓ཁΛड़΂ɼ͞·͟·ͳ৔ॴͰ࣮ࢪ͞Εͨ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ʹݧ‬ຊ๏Λ∑ Tri − Tri

f
= i=1
N

ຊใͰ͸ɼ஍൫ͷ೤తಛੑΛධՁ͢ΔͨΊʹ޿࣮͘ࢪ͞Ε͍ͯΔ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫͍༻ʹݧ‬ΒΕ͖ͯͨ؆қղੳ๏ͷਫ਼

ͨ͠ɽ

(9)

͕༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ

Fig. 4 ͸ɼ஍൫ͷ৚݅ͷҟͳΔ 4 ஍఺ʢ5 έʔεʣͰ࣮ࢪͨ͠೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫Ͱݧ‬ಘΒΕͨσʔλʹ‫ٯ‬ղੳ๏Λద༻͠ɼಘΒΕͨ೤఻ಋ཰ λ ͱ r2 (ρ c) Λ༻͍ͯ‫݁ͨ͠ࢉܭ‬ՌΛ࣮ଌ஋ͱରൺͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ·ͨɼTable 1 ͸֤έʔεͷύϥϝʔλಉఆ஋ɼ͓Αͼ f /N ͱ N Λࣔͨ͠΋ͷͰɺ஍Լਫྲྀ଎͕খ͘͞ɺ஍ԼਫҐ͕ઙ͍έʔε S Ͱ͸ɼ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ͱ࣮ଌ஋͸ඇৗʹྑ͘Ұக͢Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔Δɽʮ͸͡ΊʹʯͰड़΂ͨΑ͏ʹɼචऀ͸‫ࡏݱ‬஍ԼਫΛ೤‫ͨ͠ͱݯ‬ώʔτϙϯϓγεςϜΛಋೖͨ͠ԂܳࢪઃͰ࣮
ূࢼ‫ݧ‬Λ࣮ࢪ͓ͯ͠Γɼैདྷͷ౮༉ϘΠϥʔஆ๪ࢪઃͱ
ൺֱͯ͠ѹ౗తͳলΤωޮՌΛ֬ೝ͍ͯ͠Δ͕ɼ͜ͷࢪઃͰ͸ࢪઃશମΛԹ౓؅ཧ͢ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɼ࡞෺ͷੜҭ্࠷΋ॏཁͳ෦ҐΛॏ఺తʹԹ౓੍‫͢ޚ‬Δ‫ྫྷॴہ‬ஆ๪ํࣜΛ࠾༻͍ͯ͠ΔɽಛʹɼΠνΰ࠿ഓϋ΢εͰ͸ഓ஍ද໘ʹྫྷԹਫ॥‫؀‬ύΠϓΛෑઃͯ͠Ϋϥ΢ϯʢ੒௕఺ʣ෦
෼ͷԹ౓Λ੍‫͍ͯ͠ޚ‬Δ͕ɼ͜ͷ॥‫؀‬ύΠϓ͕ࠜ‫܈‬ҬΛத৺ͱͨ͠ഓ஍౔৕ͷԹ౓ʹͲͷΑ͏ͳӨ‫ڹ‬Λ༩͍͑ͯ৴भେֶएཬΩϟϯύεͰ࣮ࢪͨ͠ࢼ‫ݧ‬ʢέʔε SʣͰΔ͔Λ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ೶‫ࢪۀ‬ઃͰͷΠνΰ࠿͸ɼಉҰαΠτͷಉҰࢼ‫ݧ‬ҪͰଌఆ͍ͯ͠Δʹ΋͔͔Θഓʹ‫ݶ‬Βͣɼ࡞෺ʹͱͬͯ஍Թ͸‫ۃ‬ΊͯॏཁͳੜҭཁҼΒͣɼ3 ݄ʹ࣮ࢪͨ͠έʔε S1 ͱ 11 ݄ʹ࣮ࢪͨ͠έʔ

Ͱ͋Δɽ֤࡞෺ͷ࠷దੜҭ‫୲͕ڥ؀‬อ͞ΕΔΑ͏ͳ؅ཧε S2 ͱͰ͸೤఻ಋ཰͕ 2.33ʢW m−1 K−1 ʣ͓Αͼ 2.51
ʢW m−1 K−1 ʣɼr2 (ρ c) ͕ 1,559.65ʢW s m−1 K−1 ʣ͓Αͼ 1,707.15ʢW s m−1 K−1 ʣͱͳΓɼ྆ύϥϝʔλͱ΋Λ࣮ࢪ͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ɼࠜ‫܈‬Ҭ‫ܗ‬੒Λ‫ؚ‬Ίͨ࡞෺ੜཧͱԹ
౓‫ͱڥ؀‬ͷؔ܎Λௐ΂Δඞཁ͕͋Γɼ౔৕೤఻ಋ཰ͷ‫ܭ‬ଌ΋ॏཁͳखஈͱͳΔɽຊใͰड़΂ͨख๏͸͜ͷΑ͏ͳέʔε S2 ͷํ͕΍΍େ͖͘ͳ͕ͬͨɼͦͷཧ༝͸஍ԼԠ༻ྫ΋‫ؚ‬Ίͯ౔৕෺ཧֶͷ༷ʑͳ‫ہ‬໘Ͱ΋ԿΒ͔ͷ͓ਫ໘ͷߴ͞ͷҧ͍ʹΑΔ΋ͷͱߟ͑ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽͪͳΈ໾ʹཱͯΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ͱߟ͍͑ͯΔɽ࠷‫ʹޙ‬ɼຊಛूʹɼ֤ࢼ‫ࢪ࣮ݧ‬೔ͷ‫ݱ‬஍ௐࠪ݁ՌΑΓɼέʔε S2 ͷ஍߸ʹࣥචͷ‫ػ‬ձΛ༩͑ͯ௖͍ͨฤूҕһձͷօ༷ʹ৺ΑԼਫ໘ߴ͕έʔε S1 ΑΓ໿ 1.5 m ߴ͍͜ͱ͕Θ͔ͬͯΓ‫ँײ‬Λਃ্͍͛ͨ͠ɽɹ

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)36্‫݈ݪ‬ਓ, ౻ೄࠀ೭ (2013): έϧϏϯͷઢ‫਺ؔݯ‬ͷߴਫ਼౓઴ۙղ

Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬

ͱύ΢Τϧͷ‫ڞ‬໾܏ࣼ๏Λ༻͍ͨ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ؔݧ‬࿈ύϥϝʔλͷ‫ٯ‬ղੳ๏ͱͦͷద༻. ஍Լਫֶձࢽ, 55(3): 253–268.

Ingersoll, L.R. and Plass, H.J. (1948): Theory of the ground pipe௕໺ࠀଇ (2010): ϘΞϗʔϧ‫ܕ‬஍த೤ަ‫ʹث׵‬ର͢ΔՃ೤๏ʹΑΔ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬ͷඪ४ࢼ‫ํݧ‬๏ Ver. 2.0. p. 16, ʢࡒʣώʔτ

heat source for the heat pump. ASHVE Transactions, 54: 119-ϙϯϓ · ஝೤ηϯλʔ஍Լ೤ར༻ͱώʔτϙϯϓγεςϜ‫ݚ‬122.
Mogensen, P. (1983): Fluid to duct wall heat transfer in duct system heat storages. Proceedings of the International Conference‫ڀ‬ձ IEA ECES ʢ஝೤࣮ࢪ‫ڠ‬ఆʣANNEX21ɽ
ᖛ໺ଠ޺, ෌ֽ ૱, ্‫݈ݪ‬ਓ, ౻ೄࠀ೭ (2014): ਫཧ஍࣭‫͕ڥ؀‬೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬ͷύϥϝʔλಉఆʹ༩͑ΔӨ‫ؔ͢ʹڹ‬Δ࣮‫ݧ‬త

on Surface Heat Storage in Theory and Practice. pp. Part II.
652–657, Stockholm, Sweden.

‫ڀݚ‬. ౔໦ֶձ࿦จू, C–70(1): 54–66.
౻ೄࠀ೭ (2010): ‫ڥ؀‬஍Լਫֶ. p. 354, ‫ཱڞ‬ग़൛.

ཁࢫ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬͸஍൫ͷ೤఻ಋ཰Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔํ๏ͱͯ͠޿͘༻͍ΒΕ͖ͯͨɽ͔͠͠ɼैདྷͷํ๏͸ɼ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬σʔλͷղੳʹ༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯΔέϧϏϯઢ‫਺ؔݯ‬ͷࢦ਺ੵ෼ E(X) ͷ΂͖‫਺ڃ‬ల։ͷ͏ͪ࠷ॳͷ 2߲ͷΈΛར༻͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊɼύϥϝʔλͷಉఆਫ਼౓͕ѱ͘ͳΔ͜ͱ͕͋Δ্ɼࢼ‫ؒ࣌ݧ‬Λ௕͘ͱΔඞཁ
͕͋ͬͨɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼΑΓߴ߲࣍·ͰΛධՁ͠ɼ೤఻ಋ཰ͱͱ΋ʹମੵ೤༰ྔؔ࿈ύϥϝʔλ΋ಉ࣌ʹಉఆͰ͖Δ‫ٯ‬ղੳ๏Λ঺հ͢Δɽຊ๏Λ༻͍ΔͱɼTRT ͷૣ‫ظ‬σʔλ΋ར༻Ͱ͖ΔͨΊࢼ‫୹͕ؒ࣌ݧ‬ॖ
Ͱ͖Δ͏͑ɼਖ਼֬ʹ೤఻ಋ཰͕ධՁͰ͖Δɽͦ͜Ͱɼຊ๏ͷ౔৕෺ཧ෼໺΁ͷԠ༻Λ೦಄ʹɼ༷ʑͳ৚
݅Լʹ͋ΔϑΟʔϧυʹద༻͞ΕͨࣄྫΛ঺հ͢ΔɽΩʔϫʔυɿ೤Ԡ౴ࢼ‫ݧ‬ʢTRTʣɼέϧϏϯͷઢ‫਺ؔݯ‬ɼύ΢Τϧͷ࠷దԽ๏ɼମੵ೤༰ྔɼਅͷ೤఻ಋ཰J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 131, p.37 ∼ 43 (2015)ླྀ‫ٿ‬ੴփ‫ؠ‬Λଳਫ૚ͱͨ͠Ԙਫ৵ೖ્ࢭ‫ܕ‬஍ԼμϜͷஷཹҬʹ͓͚Δ࢒ཹԘਫմͷ෼෍ͱ‫ڍ‬ಈ٢ຊपฏ 1 · ౔‫݈ݪ‬༤ 1 · ന‫ ࢤࠀض‬1 · ੴాɹ૱ 1

Distribution and behavior of residual saltwater in the reservoir of a coastal subsurface dam:
A ﬁeld study of the Ryukyu Limestone aquifer, southern Okinawa Island
Shuhei YOSHIMOTO1 , Takeo TSUCHIHARA1 , Katsushi SHIRAHATA1 and Satoshi ISHIDA1

Abstract: The Komesu subsurface dam was constructedalong the Paciﬁc shoreline south of Itoman City, Okinawa, Japan, to provide a reservoir for groundwater in the
Ryukyu Limestone aquifer and to prevent saltwater intrusion from the sea. At present, residual saltwater remains
in the reservoir and has not yet spread out during the past
10 years since the completion of the cut-off wall. Continuous monitoring of the groundwater level and electricalconductivity measurements showed that the electrical conductivity of the stored groundwater along the cut-off wall
increased drastically during the rainfall events. This ﬁnding suggests that upward movement of the residual saltwater was associated with the groundwater ﬂow over the
cut-off wall, as previous studies have noted.
Key Words : groundwater, coastal area, carbonate aquifer,agricultural water use, paciﬁc islands͔Μ͕͍ഉਫࣄ‫ۀ‬ʢ2001 ೥‫͑ྫ ;ྃ׬‬͹ɼന‫ށ‬Βɼ2003ʣΛൽ੾Γͱͯ͠ɼੈքʹઌ‫͚ͨۦ‬େ‫ن‬໛஍ԼμϜ‫ݐ‬ઃʹΑΔ೶‫༻ۀ‬ਫͷ։ൃ͕ͳ͞Εͨɽ‫ݹٶ‬ౡͰ͸ɼ஍ԼμϜͷӡ༻ʹΑͬͯɼ༻ਫ‫څڙ‬ͷ҆ఆԽ΍ࢢ৔Ձ஋ͷߴ͍࡞෺΁ͷస‫͕׵‬ਐΜͰ͍Δʢྫ͑͹ɼኍ੉Βɼ2010; ஥ؒ· ‫ݹ‬໦ɼ2007ʣɽҰํͰɼকདྷ༧૝͞ΕΔ‫ީؾ‬มಈʹΑΔ
߱ਫྔ΍‫ؾ‬ԹͷมԽɼ஍ԼμϜʹෟଳ͢Δ຤୺͔Μ͕͍ࢪઃͷ੔උͷਐలɼ·ͨ͸࡞छมߋʹΑΔਫར༻ͷมԽ͕ɼ஍ԼμϜͷਫࢿ‫ྔݯ‬΍ਫ࣭ʹӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫͢΅ٴ‬Մೳੑ͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ
ԭೄຊౡೆ෦஍۠Ͱ͸ɼ2005 ೥‫ྃ׬‬ͷࠃӦ೶‫ۀ‬ਫརࣄ‫ʹۀ‬Αͬͯ 2 ‫ج‬ͷ஍ԼμϜ͕ઃஔ͞Εͨɽ͜ͷ͏ͪͷ 1‫͋Ͱج‬Δถਢ஍ԼμϜ͸ɼࢳຬࢢೆ෦ͷւ‫؛‬Ԋ͍ʹઃஔ͞ΕͨԘਫ৵ೖ્ࢭ‫ܕ‬ͷ஍ԼμϜͰ͋ΔɽԘਫ৵ೖ્ࢭ
‫ܕ‬஍ԼμϜ͸ɼࢭਫนͷ্ྲྀଆͰ஍ԼਫΛஷཹ͢Δͱͱ

1. ͸͡Ίʹ

΋ʹɼԼྲྀ͔Βͷւਫͷ৵ೖΛ๷͙ߏ଄ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɽถਢ஍ԼμϜͷஷཹҬʹ͸ɼࣄ‫Ͱ఺࣌ྃ׬ۀ‬Ԙਫ͕࢒ଘ

஍ԼμϜ͸ɼ஍ԼʹෆಁਫੑͷࢭਫนΛ‫ݐ‬ઃͯͦ͠ͷ͍ͯͨ͠ʢԭೄ૯߹ࣄ຿‫ہ‬ɼ2006; ໊࿨Βɼ2006ʣɽ࣋ଓ্ྲྀͷଳਫ૚தʹ஍ԼਫΛஷཹͯ͠ར༻͢ΔࢪઃͰ͋తͳ୶ਫࢿ‫ݯ‬ͷར༻ΛਤΔͨΊʹ͸ɼকདྷͷ஍ԼμϜͷΔɽ͜Ε·Ͱʹɼࠃ಺֎Ͱଟ༷ͳ‫ن‬໛ͷ஍ԼμϜ͕‫ݐ‬ઃਫࢿ‫ͱྔݯ‬ਫ࣭Λ༧ଌ͢Δ͜ͱ͕‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔɽ‫ط‬ԟͷ‫ݚ‬͞Εɼͦͷ஍Ҭͷੜ‫׆‬΍೶‫Ͳͳۀ‬ͷͨΊʹར༻͞Ε͖ͯ‫Ͱڀ‬͸ɼ஍ԼμϜஷཹҬͷਫࢿ‫ͱྔݯ‬঳ࢎੑ஠ૉೱ౓ͷͨʢྫ͑͹ɼ෋ాɼ2009; Ishida et al., 2011ʣɽ·ͨɼ࠷কདྷมԽΛ༧ଌ͢Δ਺஋Ϟσϧʹ͍ͭͯ‫ݕ‬౼͕ͳ͞ΕͨۙͰ͸ɼύΩελϯ΍ΠϥϯͳͲͷ‫ס‬૩஍ʹ͓͚Δ஍ԼʢYoshimoto et al., 2013ʣ͕ɼ࢒ཹԘਫմͷ‫ڍ‬ಈʹ͍ͭͯμϜద஍ͷ୳ࡧʢJamali et al., 2014; Chezgi et al., 2015ʣ͸ߟྀ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨɽ

ͳͲɼ஍ԼμϜʹΑΔ஍Լਫ։ൃ͸͞Βʹଟ͘ͷࠃʑʹ޿·Γͭͭ͋Δɽ஍ԼμϜӡ༻࣌ͷ࢒ཹԘਫմͷফ௕ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼ਺஋γϛϡϨʔγϣϯ΍ࣨ಺Ͱͷਫ૧࣮‫ʹݧ‬Αͬͯ஍ԼμϜೆ੢ॾౡͷླྀ‫ٿ‬ੴփ‫ؠ‬෼෍஍ҬͰ͸ɼଟ޸࣭Ͱߴಁਫ

ࣄ‫ۀ‬ͷ‫ݕʹͰ·ྃ׬‬౼͞Εɼ߱ਫ࣌ʹ্ྲྀ͔Βͷ஍Լਫ

ੑͰ͋Δද૚஍࣭ͷಛੑ͔ΒɼՏ઒͕ະൃୡͰ೶‫༻ۀ‬ਫ͕ࢭਫนʹ౸ୡͯ͠ԘਫմΛԡ্͛͠Δͱਪఆ͞Ε͍ͯ· ੜ‫༻׆‬ਫΛ஍Լਫʹґଘ͍ͯ͠Δɽ·ͨɼ߱ਫ͸കӍ

Δʢத઒Βɼ2004; Luyan et al.ɼ2009ʣɽ͜ΕΒͷ‫ݕ‬౼‫ͱظ‬୆෩‫ूʹظ‬த͠ɼ‫ׇ‬ਫ࣌ʹ͸ਫࢿ‫͕ݯ‬ෆ଍͢ΔͨΊɼΛ౿·͑Ε͹ɼఅମ಺ͷ࢒ཹԘਫ͸஍ԼμϜຬਫ࣌ͷӽ࡞छ͕‫ݶ‬ఆ͞ΕΔͱͱ΋ʹɼ౓ʑͷ‫ׯ‬͹ͭʹΑΔඃ֐͕ྲྀʹΑͬͯঃʑʹ‫ݮ‬গ͍ͯ͘͠΋ͷͱਪఆ͞ΕΔɽ͔͠

ൃੜ͖ͯͨ͠ɽ͜ͷͨΊɼೆ੢ॾౡͰ͸ɼ‫ݹٶ‬ౡͷࠃӦ͠ɼ஍ԼμϜਫҐͷ௿Լ࣌ʹ͸‫ج‬൫΍అମΛ௨ͯ͡Ԙਫ͕৵ೖ͢ΔՄೳੑ΋ߟ͑ΒΕͨ͜ͱ͔ΒɼஷཹҬʹ͸আ

1 National Institute for Rural Engineering, National Agriculture and Food

Research Organization, 2-1-6 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8609,
Japan. Corresponding author : ٢ຊपฏɿ೶‫ ߏػݚ‬೶ଜ޻ֶ‫ॴڀݚ‬.
2015 ೥ 8 ݄ 28 ೔डߘɹ 2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 21 ೔डཧԘ༻ͷҪ‫͕ށ‬ઃஔ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢԭೄ૯߹ࣄ຿‫ہ‬ɼ2006ʣɽ
͜ͷΑ͏ʹ஍ԼμϜ‫༻ڙ‬લͷ‫ݕ‬౼͸ͳ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͕ɼ஍ԼμϜ‫͔ޙ༻ڙ‬Β͜Ε·Ͱͷ࢒ཹԘਫմͷঢ়‫͍ͭʹگ‬౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)38ͯ͸ࣔ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨɽͦ͜Ͱຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ஍ԼμϜ

ൃୡ͢Δஅ૚ʹΑͬͯ‫ܗ‬੒͞Εͨౡ৲૚‫܈‬ͷຒ຅୩Λਫࢿ‫ݯ‬ͷ༧ଌϞσϧߏஙʹࢿ͢ΔͨΊʹɼ஍ԼμϜஷཹड͚ࡼͱͯ͠஍ԼਫΛอ͍࣋ͯ͠Δʢԭೄ૯߹ࣄ຿‫ہ‬ɼҬʹ͓͚ΔԘਫմͷ෼෍ͱ‫ڍ‬ಈΛௐࠪ͠ɼ‫گݱ‬Λ໌Β͔

2006ʣɽ஍ԼμϜஷཹҬͷࠨ‫؛‬ଆʢւଆʹ޲͔ͬͯࠨଆʣʹͨ͠ɽʹ͸େ‫ن‬໛ͳಎ۸͕ଘࡏ͢Δ͜ͱ͕஌ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ

2. ௐࠪ஍۠ͷ֓ཁถਢ஍ԼμϜ͸ɼࢭਫนʢFig. 2 ͷ Cut-off wallʣʹΑͬͯ୶ਫΛஷཹ͢Δͱͱ΋ʹɼւਫͷ৵ೖΛ๷͙ߏ଄ͷԘਫ৵ೖ્ࢭ‫ܕ‬஍ԼμϜͰ͋Δɽ༗ޮஷਫྔ͸ 1.81

փ࣭࠭૚Ͱ͋Δ஌೦࠭‫͕ؠ‬ଘࡏ͢Δɽౡ৲૚‫܈‬ͷ্෦‫ڥ‬× 106 m3 Ͱɼࢭਫนͷఅ௕͸ 2,345 mɼఅߴ͸࠷΋‫ج‬൫͕ਂ͍ͱ͜ΖͰ 69.4 m Ͱ͋Γɼ2002 ೥ʹࢭਫนͷకΊ੾Γ͕‫ͨྃ͠׬‬ʢԭೄ૯߹ࣄ຿‫ہ‬ɼ2006ʣɽ‫ܭ‬ը‫ج‬४೥ʢ1971 ೥; ೥߱ਫྔ 1,442 mmʣͷ௿ਫҐ͸ඪߴ −11.6 m
Ͱ͋Δʢԭೄ૯߹ࣄ຿‫ہ‬ɼ2006ʣɽ஍ԼμϜஷཹҬʹ͸େք໘ͷਂ౓͸ Fig. 2 ʹ౳஋ઢͱͯࣔ͠͞Ε͍ͯΔɽౡ‫ن‬໛ͳಎ۸͕ଘࡏ͢Δ͜ͱ͕஌ΒΕ͓ͯΓɼͦͷ຤୺ʹ৲૚‫ͱ܈‬஌೦࠭‫ؠ‬͸ಁਫ܎਺ 2 × 10−7 m s−1 ະຬͰ೉͋ͨΔւ‫؛‬෦ʹ͸ 2 Օॴͷ༙ਫʢFig. 2 ͷ Springsʣ͕ଘಁਫੑͰ͋Δ͕ɼౡ৲૚‫܈‬தʹ͸ൺֱతಁਫੑͷߴ͍‫ڽ‬ࡏ͠ɼॅຽͷ৴‫ڼ‬ͷର৅ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ஍ԼμϜࢭਫนփ࣭࠭૚͕‫͍ͯ͠ࡏڱ‬ΔʢϘʔϦϯάௐࠪʹΑΔฏ‫ۉ‬஋Λઃஔ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯಎ۸Λ௨ա͢Δ஍ԼਫͷྲྀΕ͕

2.8 × 10−5 m s−1 ; ԭೄ૯߹ࣄ຿‫ہ‬ɼ2006ʣɽླྀ‫ٿ‬ੴփ‫ؠ‬ੇஅ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͔Βɼ༙ਫͷਫྔΛҡ࣋͢ΔͨΊͷ؅࿏ௐࠪ஍۠͸ɼԭೄຊౡ࠷ೆ୺ͷࢳຬࢢʹҐஔ͢ΔʢFig.

1ʣɽୈ࢛‫ੈ৽ߋل‬ͷླྀ‫ٿ‬૚‫܈‬ʢླྀ‫ٿ‬ੴփ‫ؠ‬ʣ͕޿͘෼෍
͠ɼ৽ୈࡾ‫ل‬઱৽ੈͷ࠭‫ؠ‬ట‫ޓؠ‬૚͔ΒͳΔౡ৲૚‫܈‬Λෆ੔߹ʹ෴͍ͬͯΔɽླྀ‫ٿ‬ੴփ‫ͱؠ‬ౡ৲૚‫܈‬ͷؒʹ͸ੴ͸ಁਫ܎਺ 10−3 ∼ 10−5 m s−1 ɼؒܺ཰ 9 % Ͱɼॎԣʹ͕ࢭਫนதʹઃ͚ΒΕ͍ͯΔʢԭೄ૯߹ࣄ຿‫ہ‬ɼ2006ʣɽ
ࢭਫนͷಁਫੑ͸ɼ‫ݐ‬ઃ‫ޙ‬ͷνΣοΫϘʔϦϯάʹΑͬͯಁਫ܎਺ 1 × 10−8 m s−1 ҎԼͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕֬ೝ͞Ε
͍ͯΔʢԭೄ૯߹ࣄ຿‫ہ‬ɼ2006ʣɽ
Ԙਫմ͸ɼࢭਫนకΊ੾Γ௚‫ޙ‬ͷ 2004 ೥࣌఺Ͱࠨ‫؛‬ଆ͓Αͼӈ‫؛‬ଆͷࢭਫนԊ͍Ͱ֬ೝ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢԭೄ૯߹ࣄ຿‫ہ‬ɼ2006; Fig. 2ʣɽి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕ 500 mS m−1 Ҏ্ͱͳΔਂ౓͸ɼԭೄ૯߹ࣄ຿‫ہ‬ʢ2006ʣʹΑΕ͹ɼFig.

2 ͷࠨ‫؛‬ଆͷ࢒ཹԘਫմͰ͸ඪߴ໿ −40 mɼӈ‫؛‬ଆͰ͸͓Αͦඪߴ −30 ∼ −20 m Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ͜ΕΒͷ࢒ཹԘਫմ͸ɼ୶ਫͷӽྲྀʹΑͬͯআ‫͞ڈ‬ΕΔͱਪఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
͕ɼਫҐ͕௿Լͨ࣌͠ͷࢭਫน΍‫ج‬൫͔ΒͷԘਫͷ৵ೖʹඋ͑ͯɼআԘϙϯϓ͕ઃஔ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢԭೄ૯߹ࣄ຿
‫ہ‬ɼ2006ʣɽ
Fig. 1 ௐࠪ஍۠ͷҐஔɽ
Location of the study site.

ถਢ஍ԼμϜஷཹҬͷௐࠪ஍఺ɽి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕ 500 mS m−1 Ҏ্ͷ࢒ཹԘਫմͷ෼෍ൣғ͸ɼԭೄ૯߹
ࣄ຿‫ہ‬ʢ2006ʣʹΑΔɽ·ͨɼ౳஋ઢ͸ౡ৲‫܈‬૚ͷ্෦‫ڥ‬ք໘ͷඪߴΛࣔ͢ɽॎ࣠ʢx-axisʣ͓Αͼԣ࣠ʢy-axisʣ͸ͦΕͧΕฏ໘௚֯࠲ඪ‫ܥ‬ʢ15 ‫ܥ‬ʣʹ͓͚Δ࠲ඪɽ

Fig. 2The locations of observation points in the study area. The information on the distribution of residual saltwater in 2004
is from the Okinawa General Bureau (2004). The contour shows the elevation of upper surface of Shimajiri Group.
Here, the x- and y-axes are the coordinate axes in the Japanese Geodetic Datum (JGD) 2000/Japan Plane Rectangular
CS XV coordinate reference system (CRS).

‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτɿླྀ‫ٿ‬ੴփ‫ؠ‬Λଳਫ૚ͱͨ͠Ԙਫ৵ೖ્ࢭ‫ܕ‬஍ԼμϜͷஷཹҬʹ͓͚Δ࢒ཹԘਫմͷ෼෍ͱ‫ڍ‬ಈ 39

3. ‫ํڀݚ‬๏ஷཹҬʹ࢒ཹ͍ͯ͠ΔԘਫմͷ෼෍Λௐ΂ΔͨΊʹɼ

2012 ೥ 12 ݄ 12 ∼ 14 ೔ɼ2013 ೥ 12 ݄ 17 ∼ 19 ೔ɼ2014 ೥ 12 ݄ 2 ∼ 4 ೔ͷ 3 ճɼࣄ‫ʹ࣌ۀ‬۷࡟͞Εͨ‫؍‬ଌ༻ϘʔϦϯά޸ʢҎԼɼ‫؍‬ଌ޸ʣͰి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓‫ܭ‬ʢIn-Situ
ࣾ੡ Aqua TROLL 200ʣΛ༻͍ͯԖ௚ํ޲ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓෼෍ΛҰ੪ʹ‫؍‬ଌͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼซͤͯ‫؍‬ଌ޸ʹ͓͚Δ஍ԼਫҐΛଌఆͨ͠ɽ‫؍‬ଌ޸͸ԘϏ؅࢓ཱͯͰɼΦʔϧετϨʔφߏ଄ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ֤ճͷௐࠪʹ͓͚Δి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷԖ௚෼෍ͱ஍ԼਫҐͷ‫؍‬ଌ஍఺਺͸ɼ2012 ೥͸ͦΕͧΕ 33ɼ40ɼ2013 ೥͸ 31ɼ50ɼ2014 ೥͸ 26ɼ48
Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ‫ݱ‬஍ͷঢ়‫گ‬΍ௐ࣮ࠪࢪ্ͷ੍໿͔Βɼ3 ճͷௐࠪͷ͏ͪ 1 ճ·ͨ͸ 2 ճ͔͠‫؍‬ଌ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍஍఺͕
͋Δɽ
·ͨɼԘਫմͷ‫ڍ‬ಈΛௐ΂ΔͨΊʹɼ2 ஍఺ͷ‫؍‬ଌ
޸ʢFig. 2 ͷ u12g ͱ u39gʣʹࣗ‫ه‬ਫҐ‫ܭ‬ʢԠ༻஍࣭ࣾ

ͷ࣌‫͍͓ͯʹظ‬΋ɼࠨ‫؛‬ଆͷಎ۸ͷ෇ۙʹ͓͍ͯ஍Լਫ
Ґ͕ൺֱతߴ͍ɽҰํɼӈ‫؛‬ଆͰ͸ɼࢭਫนͷ্୺ඪߴ
Ͱ͋Δ 4 m ΑΓ΋஍ԼਫҐ͕௿͍෦෼͕ΈΒΕɼ2013೥ 12 ݄ʹ͸ 2 m ະຬͷ஍఺΋ଘࡏ͢ΔɽҰ੪‫؍‬ଌ࣌ʹ‫؍‬ଌ޸Ͱి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷԖ௚෼෍Λଌఆͨ݁͠Ռͷྫͱͯ͠ɼࣗ‫ܭه‬Λઃஔͨ͠‫؍‬ଌ޸ u12g ͱ

u39g Ͱͷ෼෍Λ Fig. 5 ʹࣔ͢ɽ࢒ཹԘਫմ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ஍఺ͷ‫؍‬ଌ޸Ͱ͸ɼҰൠʹɼ͋Δਂ౓Ͱి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕‫ٸ‬ܹʹ্ঢ͠ɼ୶ਫ͔ΒԘਫ΁ભҠ͢Δɽ͜ͷ্ঢͷ‫ܹٸ‬͞ʹ͸ఔ౓͕ࠩ͋Δ΋ͷͷɼu12g Ͱͷ֤೥ͷԖ௚෼෍ʢFig. 5 ͷʢa-1ʣɼʢb-1ʣɼ
ʢc-1ʣ
ʣ΍ u39g Ͱͷ 2012 ೥ͷԖ௚෼෍ʢFig. 5 ͷʢa-2ʣʣͷΑ͏ͳଌఆ݁Ռ͕య‫ܕ‬తͰ͋Δɽͨͩ͠ɼ2013 ೥͓Αͼ 2014 ೥ͷ u39gʢFig. 5 ͷʢb-2ʣɼʢc-2ʣʣͷΑ͏ʹɼൺֱతઙ෦Ͱ 200 mS m−1 ·Ͱి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓্͕ঢ͠ɼਂ෦Ͱ࠶ͼ‫఻ؾిʹܹٸ‬ಋ౓্͕ঢͯ͠ԘਫʹભҠ͢ΔΑ͏ͳԖ௚෼෍΋ΈΒΕΔɽҰํɼ࢒ཹԘਫմ͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍஍఺ͷ‫؍‬ଌ޸Ͱ͸ɼઙ૚͔੡ S&DL miniʣɼࣗ‫ه‬ਫҐ · ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓‫ܭ‬ʢԠ༻஍࣭ࣾ
੡ S&DL mini EC ϝʔλʔʣ͓Αͼࣗ‫఻ؾిه‬ಋ౓‫ܭ‬ʢOnset ࣾ੡ HOBO U24ʣΛ Fig. 3 ͷਂ౓ʹઃஔ͠ɼ2013೥ 12 ݄ 17 ೔͔Β 2014 ೥ 12 ݄ 2 ೔·Ͱͷؒɼ஍Լਫ
Ґͱి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷมԽΛ 1 ࣌ؒຖʢͨͩ͠ u39g ͷࣗ‫ه‬ਫҐ‫ܭ‬͸ 10 ࣌ؒຖʣʹ࿈ଓ‫؍‬ଌͨ͠ɽ

4. ݁Ռ
4.1 ਫҐͱి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷ෼෍Ұ੪‫؍‬ଌΛ࣮ࢪͨ͠ 2012 ೥ 12 ݄ͱ 2013 ೥ 12 ݄ɼ2014 ೥ 12 ݄ͷ஍ԼਫҐͷ෼෍Λ Fig. 4 ʹࣔ͢ɽ͍ͣΕ

Fig. 3 ࣗ‫ه‬ਫҐ‫͓ܭ‬Αͼࣗ‫఻ؾిه‬ಋ౓‫ܭ‬ͷઃஔঢ়‫گ‬ɽ
Outline of the installation of pressure meters and electricalconductivity (EC) meters in observation boreholes u12g
and u39g, along the cut-off wall.

Fig. 4 ஍ԼμϜஷཹҬͷ஍ԼਫҐ෼෍: ʢaʣ2012 ೥ 12 ݄ɼʢcʣ2014 ೥ 12 ݄ɽॎ࣠ʢx-axisʣ͓Αͼԣʢbʣ2013 ೥ 12 ݄ɼ࣠ʢy-axisʣ͸ͦΕͧΕฏ໘௚֯࠲ඪ‫ܥ‬ʢ15 ‫ܥ‬ʣʹ͓͚Δ࠲ඪɽ
The groundwater table in the reservoir area in (a) December
2012, (b) December 2013, and (c) December 2014. The x- andy-axes are the coordinate axes in the JGD2000/Japan Plane Rectangular CS XV CRS.

40౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)Β޸ఈ·Ͱ୶ਫͰɼి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓্͕ঢͤͣϑϥοτͳԖ௚෼෍ͱͳΔɽશͯͷԖ௚෼෍ଌఆͷ݁Ռ͔Β࡞੒ͨ͠ඪߴ −10 m͓Αͼ −30 m ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷฏ໘෼෍Λ Fig. 6 ʹɼࢭਫนԊ͍ͷஅ໘ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓෼෍Λ Fig. 7 ʹɼͦΕͧΕࣔ͢ɽࠨ‫؛‬ଆʹൺ΂ͯӈ‫؛‬ଆʹ͓͍ͯಉ͡ਂ౓Ͱ΋஍Լਫͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕ΑΓߴ͍܏޲ʹ͋Δɽి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷԖ௚෼෍ͷม‫ͨ͋ʹ఺ۂ‬Δ 500 mS m−1 ͷ‫ڥ‬քʢԭೄ૯߹
ࣄ຿‫ہ‬ɼ2006ʣͷਂ౓͸ɼࠨ‫؛‬ଆͰ͸ඪߴ໿ −45 ∼ −40m ෇ۙɼӈ‫؛‬ଆͰ͸ඪߴ −30 m ෇ۙͰɼకΊ੾Γ௚‫ޙ‬
ͷ 2004 ೥ʹӈ‫؛‬ଆͰ‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷԖ௚෼෍
ͱൺֱ͢Δͱ 5 m ఔ౓௿Լ͍ͯ͠ΔʢFig. 7ʣɽҰ੪‫؍‬ଌ·Ͱͷ‫ؾ‬৅ிಹ೼‫؍‬ଌॴʹ͓͚Δ߱ਫྔΛɼͦΕͧΕͷҰ੪‫؍‬ଌ։࢝೔͔Β૎ͬͯੵࢉͨ͠ྦྷੵ߱ਫ
ྔͱੵࢉ೔਺ͷؔ܎ͱͯ͠ Fig. 8 ʹࣔ͢ɽͳ͓ɼҰ੪

Fig. 5 ‫؍‬ଌ޸ʹ͓͚Δి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓Ԗ௚෼෍ͷྫɽ
Vertical distributions of electrical conductivity in observation
boreholes u12g (top row) and u39g (bottom row) in, from left
to right, December 2012, 2013, and 2014.

‫؍‬ଌதͷ 2013 ೥ 12 ݄ 17 ೔ʹ 52 mmɼ18 ೔ʹ 2 mmɼ

2014 ೥ 12 ݄ 4 ೔ʹ 34.5 mm ͷ೔߱ਫྔΛ‫ه‬࿥͍ͯ͠Δɽӈ‫؛‬ଆͰൺֱతߴ͍ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓Λࣔͨ͠ 2013 ೥ 12

Fig. 6 ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓Ԗ௚෼෍ଌఆʹΑΔਂ౓ຖͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ฏ໘෼෍: ʢa-1ʣ2012 ೥ 12 ݄ͷඪߴ −10 m ਂ౓ɼ
ʢa-2ʣಉ࣌‫ظ‬ͷඪߴ −30 m ਂ౓ɼʢb-1ʣ2013 ೥ 12 ݄ͷඪߴ −10 m ਂ౓ɼʢb-2ʣಉ࣌‫ظ‬ͷඪߴ −30 m ਂ౓ɼʢc-1ʣ2014 ೥ 12 ݄ͷඪߴ −10 m ਂ౓ɼʢc-2ʣಉ࣌‫ظ‬ͷඪߴ −30 m ਂ౓ɽॎ࣠ʢx-axisʣ͓Αͼԣ࣠ʢy-axisʣ͸ͦΕͧΕฏ໘௚֯࠲ඪ‫ܥ‬ʢ15 ‫ܥ‬ʣʹ͓͚Δ࠲ඪɽ
Planar distributions of electrical conductivity by depth: (a-1) at E.L. = −10 m in December 2012; (a-2) at E.L. =−30 m in December 2012; (b-1) at E.L. = −10 m in December 2013; (b-2) at E.L. = −30 m in December 2013;(c-1) at E.L. = −10 m in December 2014; and (c-2) at E.L. = −30 m in December 2014. The x- and y-axes are
the coordinate axes in the JGD2000/Japan Plane Rectangular CS XV CRS.

‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτɿླྀ‫ٿ‬ੴփ‫ؠ‬Λଳਫ૚ͱͨ͠Ԙਫ৵ೖ્ࢭ‫ܕ‬஍ԼμϜͷஷཹҬʹ͓͚Δ࢒ཹԘਫմͷ෼෍ͱ‫ڍ‬ಈ 41ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓Ԗ௚෼෍ଌఆʹΑΔࢭਫนԊ͍ʢFig. 1 ͷ A–Aʟஅ໘ʣͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓அ໘෼෍:ʢaʣ2012 ೥ 12 ݄,ʢbʣ2013 ೥ 12 ݄,ʢcʣ2014 ೥ 12 ݄ɽࢭਫนకΊ੾Γ௚‫ޙ‬
ͷ 2004 ೥ͷଌఆʹΑΔ 500 mS m−1 ਂ౓ʢຊ‫ͱڀݚ‬ॏෳ͍ͯ͠Δ 3 ஍఺ͷΈ; ԭೄ૯߹ࣄ
຿‫ہ‬ɼ2006ʣΛซ͍ͤͯࣔͯ͠Δɽ

Fig. 7

Cross-sectional distributions of electrical conductivity along the cut-off wall (A–A’; see Fig. 1)
in (a) December 2012, (b) December 2013, and (c) December 2014. The depths at which EC =500 mS m−1 was observed in 2004 are also shown.

ਫྔ͸ 2013 ೥ 12 ݄ͱ 2014 ೥ 12 ݄͸গͳ͔ͬͨͱ͍͑Δɽ

4.2 ஍ԼਫҐͱి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷ࣌ؒมԽࣗ‫ʹܭه‬ΑΔ஍ԼਫҐ͓Αͼి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷ࿈ଓ‫؍‬ଌ݁ՌΛ Fig. 9 ʹࣔ͢ɽࠨ‫؛‬ଆͷ‫؍‬ଌ޸Ͱ͋Δ u12g Ͱ͸ɼओʹ೔߱ਫྔ͕ 50 mm Λ௒͑ΔΑ͏ͳ߱ਫͷ‫ؾిʹޙ‬఻ಋ౓্͕ঢ͢Δ‫ݱ‬৅͕ΈΒΕΔɽӈ‫؛‬ଆͷ‫؍‬ଌ޸Ͱ͋Δ u39g ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͸ɼu12g ʹൺ΂ͯมಈͷఔ౓͕খ͍͞΋ͷͷɼu12g ʹྨࣅͨ߱͠ਫ࣌ͷ্ঢ͕ΈΒΕΔɽͨͩ͠ɼu39g Ͱ͸ɼ஍ԼਫҐ͕ࢭਫนͷ্୺Ͱ͋Δ 4 m
ʹຬͨͳ͍৔߹ͷ߱ਫ‫఻ؾిʹޙ‬ಋ౓͕௿Լ͢Δ͜ͱ͕
Fig. 8‫ؾ‬৅ிಹ೼‫؍‬ଌॴʹ͓͚Δௐࠪ։࢝೔·Ͱͷੵࢉ߱ਫྔɽ

Cumulative rainfall at Naha, Okinawa, during the 30 days before the start of each survey.

͋Δɽ·ͨɼu39g Ͱ͸ɼ߱ਫΠϕϯτͱؔ܎ͳ͘Ұ࣌తʹి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕௿Լ͢Δ‫ݱ‬৅͕ΈΒΕΔɽ5. ߟ࡯
݄ͱ 2014 ೥ 12 ݄ͷҰ੪‫؍‬ଌ·Ͱͷ 3 िؒͷྦྷੵ߱ਫࢭਫนͷకΊ੾Γ͔Β 10 ೥‫ܦ‬աͨ͠‫گݱ‬ͷ࢒ཹԘਫྔ͸ɼͦΕͧΕ 48.5 mm ͱ 53 mm Ͱɼ2012 ೥ 12 ݄ͷմͷ෼෍ঢ়‫͍ͯͭʹگ‬ɼకΊ੾Γ௚‫ޙ‬ͷ 2004 ೥࣌఺ͱ168 mm ʹൺ΂ͯগͳ͘ɼ2013 ೥ 12 ݄ͱ 2014 ೥ 12 ݄

ൺֱ͢Δͱɼ500 mS m−1 ͷ‫ڥ‬ք͸ 5 m ఔ౓ਂ͍ͱ͜Ζ͸Ұ੪‫؍‬ଌதʹ·ͱ·ͬͨ߱ਫ͕͋ͬͨ΋ͷͷ௚ۙͷ߱ʹҠಈ͠ɼࢭਫน΍‫ج‬൫͔ΒͷਁಁʹΑΔԘਫ෼෍ͷ֦

42౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)Δɽ·ͨɼu39g Ͱ͸ɼ߱ਫΠϕϯτͱ͸ແؔ܎ʹҰ࣌తʹి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕௿Լ͢Δ‫ݱ‬৅͕ΈΒΕΔ͕ɼ͜ͷมಈͷཁҼ͸ෆ໌Ͱ͋Δɽ͜ΕΒʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼࠓ‫ޙ‬ΑΓ஫ҙਂ͍‫؍‬ଌͱ‫ݕ‬౼͕ඞཁͱࢥΘΕΔɽ

2013 ೥ 12 ݄ͱ 2014 ೥ 12 ݄ͷҰ੪‫؍‬ଌ࣌ʹ͸ɼӈ‫؛‬ଆͰ஍ԼਫҐ͕௿Լ͠ʢFig. 4ʣ
ɼ500 mS m−1 ‫ڥ‬քͷਂ౓͸มΘΒͳ͍͕ඪߴ −10 m ΄Ͳͷਂ౓Ͱ΋ 200 mS m−1ఔ౓ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕ΈΒΕΔʢFigs. 5, 6, 7ʣɽӈ‫؛‬ଆͷ࢒ཹԘਫմ෼෍ൣғ෇ۙʹ͸༲ਫҪ͕͋ΓʢFig. 2ʣɼϙϯϓͰͷऔਫ͕஍ԼਫҐ΍ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ʹӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫ͱ͢΅ٴ‬ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ·ͨɼӈ‫؛‬ଆͰ͸ɼಎ۸͕ଘࡏ͢Δࠨ‫؛‬ଆͱൺ΂্ͯྲྀ͔Βͷ஍Լਫͷ౸ୡʹֻ͕͔࣌ؒΓɼ஍ԼਫҐͷճ෮΍ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷ௿Լ͕஗Ε͍ͯΔՄೳੑ͕͋
Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳࢭਫนԊ͍ͷ 200 mS m−1 ఔ౓ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͸ɼϙϯϓऔਫ΍߱ਫ࣌ͷ‫ڍ‬ಈʹ൐͏ΑΓߴ͍ి‫ؾ‬఻ಋ౓Λ࣋ͭ࢒ཹԘਫͷ෼ࢄʹΑͬͯ΋ͨΒ͞ΕͨͱࢥΘΕΔ͕ɼ෼෍ൣғ͕‫ݶ‬ఆతͰೱ౓΋খ͍͜͞ͱ͔Β࢒ཹԘਫմͷऩࢧʹ͸ຆͲ‫د‬༩͠ͳ͍ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

6. ͓ΘΓʹ
Fig. 9 ߱ਫྔͳΒͼʹࣗ‫؍Ͱܭه‬ଌ͞Εͨ஍ԼਫҐͱి‫ؾ‬఻ಋ౓ͷมԽ: ʢaʣ‫ؾ‬৅ிಹ೼‫؍‬ଌॴʹ͓͚Δ೔߱ਫྔɼ
ʢbʣu12g Ͱͷ஍ԼਫҐͱి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ɼʢcʣu39g Ͱͷ஍ԼਫҐͱి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ɽ
Changes in rainfall and in logged groundwater levels and electrical conductivity from 1 December 2013 to 1 December 2014:(a) Daily rainfall at Naha, and groundwater level and electric
conductivity at (b) u12g and (c) u39g.

Ԙਫ৵ೖ્ࢭ‫ܕ‬஍ԼμϜͰ͋Δถਢ஍ԼμϜͷஷཹҬʹ࢒ཹ͢ΔԘਫմͷ෼෍ͱ‫ڍ‬ಈʹ͍ͭͯɼ‫ݱ‬஍ͰͷҰ੪‫؍‬ଌͱࣗ‫ʹܭه‬ΑΔ࿈ଓ‫؍‬ଌʹΑͬͯ‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ɽ஍ԼμϜ͕ӡ༻͞Ε͍ͯΔঢ়‫گ‬ԼͰͷ࢒ཹԘਫմͷ෼෍ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼࢭਫนకΊ੾Γ௚‫͔ޙ‬Βͦͷे਺೥‫ͨ͋ʹޙ‬Δ‫Ͱ·ࡏݱ‬ͷؒͰͷԘਫ෼෍ͷ֦େ͸ΈΒΕͳ͔ͬͨɽ·ͨɼ߱ਫ࣌ʹࢭਫนԊ͍Ͱి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓্͕ঢ͢Δ‫ݱ‬৅͕େ͸ΈΒΕͳ͍ͱ͍͑Δɽถਢ஍ԼμϜஷཹҬͰ͸ɼ͜Ε·Ͱͷ‫ʹڀݚ‬Αͬͯɼಎ۸Λ௨ա͢Δ଎͍஍Լਫྲྀಈ͕ଘࡏ͠ɼి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷ෼෍΍ਫ࣭ͷ‫ܗ‬੒ʹӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫͍ͯ͠΅ٴ‬Δ͜ͱ͕ࣔ͞Εͯ
͍ΔʢࠓઘΒɼ2002; Yoshimoto et al.ɼ2011ʣɽҰ੪‫؍‬ଌ࣌ʹࠨ‫؛‬ଆͷಎ۸෇ۙͰ஍ԼਫҐ͕ൺֱతߴ͔ͬͨ͜ͱ
ʢFig. 4ʣ΍ɼಎ۸ʹ͍ۙ u12g Ͱ߱ਫ࣌ʹΑΓӶහͳ஍ԼਫҐͷԠ౴͕ΈΒΕͨ͜ͱʢFig. 9ʣ͔Βɼࠨ‫؛‬ଆͷಎ۸෇ۙͰ͸‫͕ྔڅڙ‬ଟ͘଎΍͔ͳ஍Լਫྲྀಈ͕ൃੜ͍ͯ͠
Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ·ͨɼ߱ਫ࣌ʹࢭਫนԊ͍Ͱి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓্͕ঢ͢Δ‫ݱ‬৅ʢFig. 9ʣ͸ɼத઒Βʢ2004ʣ΍ Luyun

et al.ʢ2009ʣ͕ࣔ͢Α͏ʹɼ্ྲྀ͔Βͷ஍Լਫ͕ࢭਫน
ʹ౸ୡͯ͠ԘਫմΛԡ্͛͠ΔͨΊͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽࠨ‫؛‬ଆͷࢭਫนԊ͍ʹ͋Δ u12g ʹ͓͍ͯΑΓஶ͍͠ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷมಈ͕ΈΒΕΔ͜ͱʢFig. 9ʣ͸ɼࠨ‫؛‬ଆͷಎ۸Ͱਪఆ͞ΕΔ‫͕ྔڅڙ‬ଟ͘଎΍͔ͳ஍Լਫྲྀಈͷଘࡏͱ੔߹తͰ͋Δɽ·ͨɼࠨ‫؛‬ଆͰ͸ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕૬ରతʹ
௿͍ʢFigs. 6, 7ʣɽ͜Ε͸ɼࠨ‫؛‬ଆͰ͸্ྲྀଆ͔Βӈ‫؛‬ଊ͑ΒΕͨ͜ͱ͔Βɼ‫ط‬ԟͷจ‫ݙ‬ʢத઒Βɼ2004; Luyan

et al.ɼ2009ʣͰࢦఠ͞Ε͍ͯΔӽྲྀ࣌ͷ࢒ཹԘਫͷԡ্͕͛͠‫͍ͯͬ͜ى‬Δ͜ͱ͕ਪ࡯͞Εͨɽࠓ‫ޙ‬͸ɼ஍ԼμϜʹෟଳ͢Δ຤୺͔Μ͕͍ࢪઃͷ੔උͷਐలʹΑΔਫधཁͷ૿Ճͱͱ΋ʹɼ‫ީؾ‬มಈʹ൐͏‫ۃ‬୺ͳগӍ΋૝ఆ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͔ΒɼਫҐ௿Լ࣌ͷ࢒ཹԘਫմͷ‫ڍ‬ಈΛ‫ؚ‬Ίͨ஍ԼμϜਫࢿ‫ݯ‬ͷ༧ଌϞσϧΛߏங͢Δ͜ͱ͕‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼӽྲྀ࣌ͷ࢒ཹԘਫͷԡ্͕͛ࣔࠦ͠͞Ε͕ͨɼϞσϧԽͷͨΊʹ͸ɼ༲ਫҪͷϙϯϓՔಇঢ়‫گ‬΋౿·্͑ͨͰɼஷཹҬશମͰͷ஍ԼਫͷྲྀΕͱ࢒ཹԘਫմͷ‫ڍ‬ಈͷؔ܎Λ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ·ͨɼླྀ‫ٿ‬ੴփ‫͔ؠ‬ΒͳΔෆ‫ͳ࣭ۉ‬ଳਫ૚Ͱͷෆ๞࿨ਁಁͷঢ়‫گ‬΋೺Ѳ͠ɼ߱ਫ࣌ʹ͓͚ΔਁಁਫͷྲྀೖͷΑ͏͢Λ໌Β͔ʹͯ͠Ϟσϧʹ૊ΈࠐΉ͜ͱͰɼΑΓద੾ͳ༧ଌ͕ՄೳʹͳΔ΋ͷͱࢥΘΕΔɽҾ͖ଓ͖ɼ஍
ԼμϜஷཹҬʹ͓͚Δ࢒ཹԘਫմͷ‫ڍ‬ಈΛ‫؍‬ଌ͍ͨ͠ɽ

ँࣙଆʹൺ΂ͯ஍Լਫͷ‫͕ྔڅڙ‬େ͖͍͜ͱ͕ؔ܎͍ͯ͠Δ
Մೳੑ͕͋Δɽ u39g Ͱ͸߱ਫ‫఻ؾిʹޙ‬ಋ౓͕௿Լ͢

ຊ‫ڀݚ‬ͷҰ෦͸ɼ೶ྛਫ࢈লҕୗϓϩδΣΫτ‫ڀݚ‬Δ͜ͱ͕͋Δɽ஍ԼਫҐ͕ࢭਫน্୺ʹຬͨͳ͍࣌ʹ͜ʮ೶ྛਫ࢈෼໺ʹ͓͚Δ஍‫ٿ‬ԹஆԽରࡦͷͨΊͷ؇࿨‫ٴ‬ͷ‫ݱ‬৅͕ΈΒΕΔ͜ͱ͔Βɼӽྲྀ΍ͦΕʹ൐͏ԘਫͷԡͼదԠٕज़ͷ։ൃʯʢ՝୊൪߸ 45150ʣ͓Αͼʮ‫ݱ୺ۃ‬্͕͛͠ൃੜͤͣɼ‫ر‬ऍͷΈ͕‫͍ͯͬ͜ى‬ΔՄೳੑ͕͋

৅ͷ૿Ճʹ܎Δ೶‫ۀ‬ਫࢿ‫ݯ‬ɼ౔஍ࢿ‫ྛ৿ͼٴݯ‬ͷ੬ऑੑ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτɿླྀ‫ٿ‬ੴփ‫ؠ‬Λଳਫ૚ͱͨ͠Ԙਫ৵ೖ્ࢭ‫ܕ‬஍ԼμϜͷஷཹҬʹ͓͚Δ࢒ཹԘਫմͷ෼෍ͱ‫ڍ‬ಈ 43ͷӨ‫ڹ‬ධՁʯʢ՝୊൪߸ 91150ʣɼͳΒͼʹՊֶ‫ڀݚ‬අิ

Resources Management, 28(14): 5157–5174.

ॿۚʢॿ੒൪߸ 15K07657ʣͷࢧԉΛड͚࣮ͯࢪ͞Εͨɽ

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of Hydrology, 377: 227–236.
த઒ ‫ܒ‬, ໮Ҫ࿨࿕, ಺ాҰฏ (2004): Ԙਫ৵ೖ્ࢭ‫ܕ‬஍ԼμϜஷཹҬ಺ͷ࢒ཹԘ෼ͷ‫ڍ‬ಈ. ਫ޻ֶ࿦จू, 48: 367–372.

্͛Δɽ஥ؒ༤Ұ, ‫ݹ‬໦৴໵ (2007): ஍ԼμϜΛར༻͔ͨ͠Μ͕͍೶‫ۀ‬ͷޮՌʹ͍ͭͯ — ࠃӦ‫ݹٶ‬஍۠ͷ֓ཁͱࣄ‫ޮۀ‬Ռ —. ਫͱ౔,Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬

150: 98–102.
໊࿨‫෉ن‬, ੨໦ ਐ, தඌ ਔ (2006): ԭೄຊౡೆ෦஍۠ʹ͓͚Δ஍

Chezgi, J., Pourghasemi, H.R., Naghibi, S.A., Moradi, H.R.

ԼμϜͷ໾ׂͱޮՌ. ೶‫౔ۀ‬໦ֶձࢽ, 74(12): 1107–1110.

and Kheirkhah Zarkesh, M. (2015): Assessment of a spa-ԭೄ૯߹ࣄ຿‫( ہ‬2006): ԭೄຊౡೆ෦೶‫ۀ‬ਫརࣄ‫ٕ — ۀ‬ज़ࢽtial multi-criteria evaluation to site selection underground
dam in the Alborz Province, Iran. Geocarto International,
doi:10.1080/10106049.2015.1073366.

—, 629p.
ന‫໌ ށ‬, ਗ਼ਫ म, খಙ ‫( ج‬2003): ԭೄ‫ݹٶݝ‬ౡʹ͓͚Δେ‫ن‬໛஍ԼμϜʹΑΔਫࢿ‫ݯ‬։ൃ. ೶‫౔ۀ‬໦ֶձࢽ, 71(5): 411–416.

ኍ੉ ޹ɼ໺ాਸ޿ɼલ໳ ߊ (2010): ஍ԼμϜࣄ‫ʹۀ‬ΑΔ೶‫ۀ‬෋ా༑޾ (2009): ஍ԼμϜ։ൃͷ‫ݱ‬ঢ়ͱࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷల։ʕԭೄ · Ԅ༻ਫͷ҆ఆ‫ݹٶͱڅڙ‬ౡͷατ΢ΩϏੜ࢈. ԭೄ஍ཧɼ10:ඒ஍Ҭͷ೶‫༻ۀ‬஍ԼμϜΛத৺ͱͯ͠. ஍Լਫٕज़, 51(1):19–24.

29–39.

ࠓઘᚸ೭ɼԞౡमೋɼԘ໺ོ߂ɼ஛಺ກ༤ɼখલོඒ (2002): ླྀYoshimoto, S., Tsuchihara, T., Ishida, S., Masumoto, T. and‫ٿ‬ੴփ‫ؠ‬ଳਫ૚ʹ͓͚ΔԘਫ৵ೖͷ࣮ଶ —ถਢ஍ԼμϜྲྀ

Imaizumi, M. (2011): Groundwater ﬂow and transport andҬΛྫͱͯ͠—ɼ೶‫౔ۀ‬໦ֶձ࿦จू, 221: 11–23.

potential sources of groundwater nitrates in the Ryukyu Lime-

Ishida, S., Tsuchihara, T., Yoshimoto, S. and Imaizumi, M.
(2011): Sustainable use of groundwater with undergrounddams. JARQ, 45(1): 51–61.

stone as a mixed ﬂow aquifer in Okinawa Island, Japan. Paddy
and Water Environment, 9: 367–384.
Yoshimoto, S., Tsuchihara, T., Ishida, S. and Imaizumi, M.

Jamali, A.I., Olofsson, B. and Mörtberg, U. (2014): A spatial(2013): Development of a numerical model for nitrates in

multi-criteria analysis approach for locating suitable sites forgroundwater in the reservoir area of the Komesu subsurface dam, Okinawa, Japan. Environmental Earth Science, 70:

construction of subsurface dams in Northern Pakistan. Water

2061–2077.

ཁࢫԭೄ‫ࢳݝ‬ຬࢢͷถਢ஍ԼμϜΛର৅ͱͯ͠ɼԘਫ৵ೖ્ࢭ‫ܕ‬஍ԼμϜͷஷཹҬʹ࢒ཹ͢ΔԘਫմͷ෼෍ͱ‫ڍ‬ಈʹ͍ͭͯ‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ɽ‫ݱ‬஍ͰͷҰ੪‫؍‬ଌͷ݁Ռ͔ΒɼࢭਫนͷకΊ੾Γ͔Βे਺೥͕‫ܦ‬աͯ͠஍Լ
μϜ͕ӡ༻͞Ε͍ͯΔ‫Ͱگݱ‬ͷ࢒ཹԘਫմͷ෼෍͕໌Β͔ʹͳΓɼࢭਫนకΊ੾Γ௚‫͔ޙ‬Β‫Ͱ·ࡏݱ‬ͷؒʹԘਫ෼෍͕֦େ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍͜ͱ͕ࣔ͞Εͨɽ·ͨɼࣗ‫ʹܭه‬ΑΔ࿈ଓ‫؍‬ଌͷ݁Ռ͔Β͸ɼ߱ਫ࣌ʹࢭਫนԊ͍Ͱి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓্͕ঢ͢Δ‫ݱ‬৅͕ଊ͑ΒΕͨɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͔Βɼ‫ط‬ԟͷจ‫ࢦ͍͓ͯʹݙ‬ఠ͞Ε͍ͯΔӽྲྀ࣌ͷ࢒ཹԘਫͷԡ্͕͛͠‫͍ͯͬ͜ى‬Δ͜ͱ͕ਪ࡯͞ΕͨɽΩʔϫʔυɿ஍ԼਫɼԊ‫؛‬Ҭɼ୸ࢎԘ‫ؠ‬ଳਫ૚ɼ೶‫༻ۀ‬ਫɼೆ੢ॾౡ

ࣂ࢖࢔ࣝ⎼⬺Ẽ⿦⨨ࢭࢵࢺ㸦࢔ࢡࣜࣝ〇㸧
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ࡲࡍࠋ
15ml ࡢࣂ࢖࢔ࣝ⎼࡛ࡣࠊྠ᫬࡟⣙ 35 ᮏࡢῶᅽࡀྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋ⤌❧ᘧ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛㒊ရࡢ஺᥮ࡀᐜ࡛᫆ࡍࠋ
‫ࢺࢵࢭۻ‬ෆᐜ  ࣂ࢖࢔ࣝ⎼⬺Ẽ⿦⨨ᮏయ㸦┿✵ィ࣭ࣂࣝࣈ௜㸧  ┿✵࣏ࣥࣉࢭࢵࢺ㸦࣮࣍ࢫ࣭࢜࢖࣭ࣝ࢜࢖࣑ࣝࢫࢺࢺࣛࢵࣉ௜㸧‫ۻ‬〇㐀࣭㈍኎ඖ  㸦᭷㸧࢚ࣥࢻ࢘⌮໬   ࠛ001-0910
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古典を読むJ. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.

ㅮᗙ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

LecturesNo. 131, p.45 ∼ 50 (2015)‫ݹ‬యΛಡΉ

L.E. Allison ஶʮ௕‫ਁظ‬ಁʹ͓͚Δඍੜ෺͕౔৕ͷಁਫੑʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫ڹ‬ʯؔɹউण 1
Reviewing classical studies in soil physics“Effect of microorganisms on permeability of soil under prolonged submergence”
by L.E. Allison, Soil Sci., 63(6): 439–450 (1947).
Katsutoshi SEKI1

1. ͸͡Ίʹ

ҡ࣋͢ΔͨΊʹɼ஍ԼਫᔻཆͷऔΓ૊Έ͕ͳ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ౔ʹ௕‫ؒظ‬࿈ଓతʹਫ͕ਁಁ͢Δͱಁਫੑ͕ஶ͘͠௿

ख๏ʹ͸ɼҪ‫͔ށ‬Β௚઀ଳਫ૚ʹ஫ೖ͢Δํ๏ɼਓ޻ᔻ

Լ͢Δɽͦͷ‫ݪ‬Ҽͱͯ͠ɼ౔৕ඍੜ෺͕ॏཁͳಇ͖Λ͠ཆ஑΍஍ԼਁಁμϜΛઃஔ͢Δํ๏ɼ‫ాߞٳ‬΍ඇᕲᕱ‫ظ‬

͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛಥ͖ࢭΊͨͷ͕ɼຊߘͰ঺հ͢Δ AllisonͷਫాΛ୷ਫ͢Δํ๏ʢౢాɼ2012ʣɼӍਫਁಁ·͢΍Ӎͷ࿦จʢAllisonɼ1947ʣͰ͋Δɽ͢ͳΘͪɼ౔৕ඍੜ෺

஍Լਫᔻཆରࡦͱͯ͠ͷ߱Ӎͷ஍Լਁಁʢਓ޻ᔻཆʣͷਫਁಁ؅ʢਁಁτϨϯνʣͷΑ͏ͳӍਫਁಁࢪઃΛઃஔͱͦͷ୅ँੜ੒෺࣭͕౔৕ͷؒܺΛ໨٧·Γ͢ΔΫϩο

͢Δํ๏ʢSeki et al., 2004ʣɼಁਫੑฮ૷Λར༻͢Δํ๏Ϊϯά‫ݱ‬৅ɼ͋Δ͍͸όΠΦΫϩοΪϯά‫ݱ‬৅ͱ‫ݺ‬͹Ε͕͋Δʢ౦‫ژ‬஍Լਫ‫ڀݚ‬ձɼ2003ʣɽ͍ͣΕͷํ๏Ͱ΋ɼΔ‫ݱ‬৅ͷॳ‫ظ‬ͷ‫͋Ͱڀݚ‬Δɽ௕‫ؒظ‬࿈ଓతʹਁಁͤ͞ΔͱόΠΦΫϩοΪϯάʹΑΓ

·ͣ͸ɼAllison ͕ॻ͍͍ͯΔ౰࣌ͷ‫ڀݚ‬ͷഎ‫͍ͭʹܠ‬ͯઆ໌͢ΔɽΧϦϑΥϧχΞͷαϯϗΞΩϯฏ໺ʹ͓͍ͯɼᕲᕱͷͨΊʹ஍ԼਫΛ͘Έ্͛ΔͨΊ஍ԼਫҐ͕௿ಁਫੑ͕௿Լͯ͠ᔻཆೳྗ͕௿Լ͢ΔͨΊɼ஫ҙ͕ඞཁͰ͋Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ௕‫ؒظ‬ͷਁಁʹΑΔಁਫੑͷ௿Լ͸ɼ஍Լ

Լ͢Δͱ͍͏໰୊͕ੜ͍ͯͨ͡ɽͦ͜Ͱ઒ͷྲྀྔ͕ଟ͍

ਫᔻཆҎ֎ʹ΋ɼச࢈ഉਫͷஷཹ஑ʢDavis et al., 1973ʣɼ࣌ʹಁਫੑͷߴ͍౔৕ʹࢄਫͯ͠஍ԼਫᔻཆΛ͢Δͱ͍

ਫాʢTalsma and van der Lelijɼ1976ʣɼড়Խ૧ͷ࠭ᖤ͏ϓϩδΣΫτ্ཱ͕͕ͪͬͨɽͦͷͨΊʹࢼ‫ݧ‬஑Ͱࢄ

ͯ͠·͍ɼࢄਫͷޮՌ͕ͳ͘ͳͬͯ͠·͏ͱ͍͏໰୊͕

ա૷ஔʢKristiansen, 1981ʣɼҪ‫ށ‬ʢvan Beek and van der
Kooij, 1982ʣɼᕲᕱਫ࿏ͷਁಁ཈੍ٕज़ʢRagusa et al.,
1994ʣɼഇ‫غ‬෺ॲ෼৔ʹ͓͚Δःਫ෺࣭ͱͯ͠༻͍ΒΕΔΫϨΠϥΠφʔʢKamon et al., 2002ʣͳͲͰใࠂ͞Εͯ໌Β͔ʹͳͬͨɽͦ͜Ͱͦͷಁਫੑ௿Լͷ‫ݪ‬ҼΛௐ΂Δ͍Δɽੴ༉ճऩͷٕज़Ͱɼඍੜ෺ʹΑͬͯಁਫੑͷখͨ͞Ίʹɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϓϩδΣΫτ͕։࢝͞ΕͨɽAllison ͷ࿦จ͍෦ҐΛ࡞ΔͨΊʹ࢖ΘΕΔ͜ͱ΋͋ΔʢLappin-Scottਫ࣮‫ݧ‬Λͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɼಁਫੑ͸࠷ॳ͸‫࣍ʹܹٸ‬ୈʹΏͬ͘Γͱ௿Լͯ͠ɼ΍͕ͯࣄ্࣮·ͬͨ͘ਁಁ͠ͳ͘ͳͬ

͸ɼಁਫੑ͕ஶ͘͠௿ԼΛ͢Δ‫ݪ‬Ҽ͕ඍੜ෺ͷ‫׆‬ಈͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛಥ͖ࢭΊͨ΋ͷͰ͋Δɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬΋ถࠃʹ͓͍ͯɼԼਫॲཧਫΛࢄਫͯ͠౔৕ͷਫ࣭ড়ԽೳྗʹΑͬͯਫ࣭Λড়Խͤ͞ΔϓϩδΣΫτ
͕࣮ࢪ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽͦͷ࣌ʹɼա৒ʹࢄਫ͢Δͱ౔৕͕ؒܺ໨٧·Γͯ͠ড়Խೳྗ͕௿Լ͢Δ͜ͱ͕͋Δͱ deVriesʢ1972ʣ͕ใࠂ͍ͯ͠Δɽ೔ຊʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɼूத߽Ӎ࣌ͷਫ֐Λܰ‫͠ݮ‬ɼ஍ԼਫҐͷ௿ԼΛ཈੍ͯ͠஍൫௜ԼΛ๷ࢭ͠ɼྑ޷ͳਫ॥‫؀‬Λ

et al., 1988; Yen, 1989ʣɽSeki et al.ʢ2006ʣ͸ɼ஍ԼਫԚ
છͷড়Խख๏ͷ 1 ͭͰ͋Δಁա൓Ԡนʹ͓͍ͯɼඍੜ෺
‫׆‬ಈΛ‫׆‬ੑԽͤ͞ΔͨΊʹӫཆ‫ݯ‬Λ஫ೖ͢Δ஫ೖҪͷۙลͰόΠΦΫϩοΪϯά‫ݱ‬৅͕‫͖ى‬Δͱɼෆ‫ۉ‬Ұྲྀ͕ൃ
ੜ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΔ଺ཹ࣌ؒͷ‫ݮ‬গ͕‫͖ى‬ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δ
͜ͱΛɼࣨ಺Ϟσϧ࣮‫ͨࣔ͠Ͱݧ‬ɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹɼόΠΦΫϩοΪϯά‫ݱ‬৅͸ࠓ೔·Ͱʹ༷ʑͳ‫ݱ‬৔Ͱ‫͞࡯؍‬Ε͍ͯΔ͕ɼඍੜ෺ͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λ͸͡Ίͯ໌֬ʹࣔͨ͠ͷ͕ Allison ͷ࿦จͰ͋Δɽ

Allison ͸ɼΠϦϊΠभ೶‫ॴݧࢼۀ‬ͷ‫ॿڀݚ‬ख͔Βύ
1 Natural

Science Laboratory, Toyo University, 5-28-20 Hakusan,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8606, Japan. Corresponding author: ؔ উण, ౦༸େֶࣗવՊֶ‫ࣨڀݚ‬.
2015 ೥ 8 ݄ 13 ೔डߘɹ 2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 15 ೔डཧσϡʔେֶͷΞγελϯτϓϩϑΣοαʔΛ‫ͯܦ‬ถࠃ೶຿লԘྨ‫ॴڀݚ‬ͷ।౔৕ٕࢣͱͯ͜͠ͷ࿦จΛࣥචͯ͠
͍Δɽ஍Լਫᔻཆͷ࣮‫ݧ‬ϓϩδΣΫτ͸ɼԘྨ‫ॴڀݚ‬ͷ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)46ಁਫੑมԽͷ S ࣈ‫ۂܕ‬ઢͷਤʢFig. 1ʣͱ 3 ஈ֊มԽͷղઆ͕लҳͳͷͰɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷ‫Ͱڀݚ‬΋ɼAllison ͷ࿦จ͕ಁਫੑͷ 3 ஈ֊มԽΛࣔͨ͠΋ͷͱͯ͠ಛචͯ͠Ҿ༻͞ΕΔ͜ͱͱͳΔʢBaveye et al., 1998ʣɽ͜ͷਤ͸ɼ

Christiansen Βͷ 43 ‫ݸ‬ͷෆ֧ཚ౔৕ࢼྉΛ௕‫ਁؒظ‬ਫͨ͠ͱ͖ͷಁਫੑมԽͷଌఆ͔Βɼશମతͳ܏޲Λࣔͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ Allison ͷઆ໌Λͦͷ··຋༁͢
ΔʢҾ༻จ‫ݙ‬͸লུʣɽୈ 1 ஈ֊ɿ‫ݱ‬৔͋Δ͍͸࣮‫ݧ࣮Ͱࣨݧ‬Λ։࢝͢Δͱɼಁਫੑ͸‫ۃ‬খ஋ʹ޲͔ͬͯ௿Լ͢Δɽಁਫੑ͕ߴ͍౔৕
Ͱ͸͜ͷॳ‫ظ‬ͷಁਫੑ௿Լ͸গͳ͍͔·ͬͨ͘ଘࡏ͠ͳ
͍͕ɼൺֱతಁਫੑ͕௿͍౔৕Ͱ͸ಁਫੑͷ௿Լ͕ೝΊΒΕɼ10 ೔͔Β 20 ೔ఔ౓‫ܧ‬ଓ͔ͯ͠Βୈ 2 ஈ֊ͷಁਫੑ্ঢ͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔɽ͜ͷಁਫੑͷ௿Լ͸ɼ‫ס‬૩ͨ͠౔৕
Fig. 1 ௕‫ਁظ‬ਫʹ͓͚Δ౔৕ͷಁਫੑมԽɽ
Change in permeability of soils during long submergence.
(Allison, 1947, Fig. 1)

Christiansenʢᕲᕱഉਫ޻ֶ · ౔৕෺ཧֶऀʣͱ Martinʢඍੜ෺ֶऀʣ͕ॳ‫ظ‬ͷ࣮‫ݧ‬Λ։࢝͠ɼ్த͔Β Allison͕‫ࢀʹڀݚ‬ըͨ͠Α͏Ͱ͋Δɽ౰࣌ͷԘྨ‫ॴڀݚ‬ͷ౔৕͕ೞΕΔ͜ͱʹΑΔ๲५ͱ෼ࢄɼͦͯ͠౔৕༹ӷதͷిղ࣭ೱ౓͕௿Լ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΔ෼ࢄʹΑͬͯੜ͡Δߏ଄
มԽ͕͓ͦΒ͘‫ݪ‬ҼͰ͋Ζ͏ɽ
ୈ 2 ஈ֊ɿ౔৕͕ද໘͔ΒԼ΁ਁ५͢Δͱɼؒܺʹ͔ͳΓͷྔͷۭ‫͕ؾ‬෧ೖ͞ΕΔɽ෧ೖۭ‫ਁ͕ؾ‬ಁਫதʹ༹ղͯ͠আ‫͞ڈ‬ΕΔʹͭΕͯಁਫੑ͸࣍ୈʹ্ঢ͠ɼ͢΂ͯͷɼ͋Δ͍͸΄ͱΜͲ͢΂ͯͷ෧ೖۭ‫͕ؾ‬আ‫͞ڈ‬Εͨ෺ཧ෼໺͸ɼRichards ͕த৺ͱͳΓԘྨ౔৕ɼιʔμ࣭࣌ʹ࠷େͱͳΔɽಁਫੑͷ‫ۃ‬খ஋͸ 2 ͭͷ૬൓͢Δ‫ݱ‬৅౔৕ͷվྑʹؔ͢Δ‫͞ࢪ࣮͕ڀݚ‬Ε͍ͯͨɽԘྨ‫ॴڀݚ‬ͷ݁ՌͰ͋Ζ͏ɽ͢ͳΘͪɼୈ 1 ஈ֊ʹࣔͨ͠Α͏ͳਁ

͕ 1947 ೥ʹ·ͱΊͨԘྨ౔৕ͱιʔμ࣭౔৕ͷվྑʹಁ։͔࢝ΒಁਫੑΛ௿Լͤ͞ΔཁҼɼಁਫੑΛ૿Ճͤ͞

ؔ͢ΔຊʢRichards et al., 1947ʣ͸ɼAllison ΋ஶऀͷ 1

Δ෧ೖۭ‫ؾ‬ͷআ‫ʹڈ‬ΑΔཁҼͰ͋Δɽ

ਓͱͳ͍ͬͯͯɼಁਫੑʹӨ‫ڹ‬Λ༩͑ΔཁҼʹ͸ɼ෼ࢄɼୈ 3 ஈ֊ɿಁਫੑ͕࠷େ஋ʹ౸ୡ͔ͯ͠Βಁਫੑ͸࣌Ԙ‫ج‬ͷঢ়ଶɼ෧ೖۭ‫ؾ‬ɼͦͯ͠ඍੜ෺ʹΑΔ໨٧·Γ͕ؒͱͱ΋ʹ௿Լ͢Δɽಁਫੑ͸࠷ॳ͸΍΍଎͘௿Լ͠ɼ

͋Δͱॻ͔Ε͍ͯΔɽ౰࣌ͷԘྨ‫ॴڀݚ‬ɼͦͯ͠౔৕෺

ͦͷ‫ޙ‬͸΋ͬͱΏͬ͘Γ௿ԼΛଓ͚ɼ2 ि͔ؒΒ 4 िؒཧֶͷ‫ڀݚ‬෼໺Ͱ͸ɼφτϦ΢ϜԽʹ൐͏ಁਫੑͷ௿Լ‫ʹޙ‬͸ɼ௨ৗɼ௿Լ଎౓͸ॳ‫ظ‬ͷ஋ͱൺ΂͔ͯͳΓখ͞ʹ͍ͭͯਫ਼ྗతʹ‫͕ڀݚ‬ਐΊΒΕɼ্‫ه‬ͷຊ͸ 1954 ೥

͘ͳΔɽࣨ಺࣮‫Ͱݧ‬͸͠͹͠͹࠷େͷಁਫੑ͸෧ೖۭ‫ؾ‬ʹվగ൛͕ग़൛͞ΕͨɽͦͷΑ͏ͳ‫ڀݚ‬ͷྲྀΕͷதͰɼ͕‫׬‬શʹআ‫͞ڈ‬ΕΔલʹ‫͞࡯؍‬Ε͖ͯͨɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͸ɼಁਫੑ௿Լʹ͸෺ཧతཁҼ͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ඍੜ෺͕Ө‫͠ڹ‬ಁਫੑͷ࠷େ஋͕΍͸Γ 2 ͭͷ૬൓͢Δ‫ݱ‬৅ͷ݁ՌͰ͋

͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛ࣮ূͨ͠ Allison ͷ‫ڀݚ‬͸ɼ౔৕෺ཧͷ෼໺ʹ৽͍͠ࢹ఺Λ༩͑ͨ‫و‬ॏͳ‫ڀݚ‬੒ՌͰ͋ΔɽຊߘͰ͸ɼόΠΦΫϩοΪϯά‫ڀݚ‬ͷ‫ݹ‬యͰ͋Δ Allison ͷ࿦จΛಡΈɼͲͷΑ͏ʹͯ͠ඍੜ෺ͷ‫׆‬ಈ͕ͦͷ‫ݪ‬ҼͰ͋Δ͔͕ಥ͖ࢭΊΒΕ͔ͨΛղઆ্ͨ͠ͰɼόΠΔ͜ͱ͍ࣔࠦͯ͠Δɽୈ 3 ஈ֊ʹ͓͚ΔΏͬ͘Γͱͨ͠ಁਫੑͷ௿Լ͸ɼ࣍ͷཁҼ͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

1. ௕‫ਁظ‬ਫʹΑΔΏͬ͘Γͱͨ͠ஂཻͷ෺ཧతͳ෼ࢄɽΦΫϩοΪϯάͷϝΧχζϜΛΑΓৄࡉʹղ໌͢ΔͨΊ

2. ඍੜ෺ͷࡉ๔ͱεϥΠϜʢ೪ੑ෺࣭ʣ͋Δ͍͸ଟͷࠓ೔·Ͱͷ‫ڀݚ‬ͷൃలʹ͍ͭͯɼஶऀࣗ਎ͷ‫ڀݚ‬੒Ռ౶ྨͷΑ͏ͳ୅ँੜ੒෺࣭ʹΑΔ౔৕ؒܺͷඍੜͱͱ΋ʹ঺հ͢Δɽ

2. ಁਫੑͷ 3 ஈ֊มԽAllison ͷ‫ڀݚ‬͸ɼ౔ʹ௕‫ਁؒظ‬ಁͤͨ࣌͞ʹಁਫੑมԽͷ 3 ஈ֊ʢS ࣈ‫ۂܕ‬ઢʣ͕͋Δ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͜͠ͱ
Ͱ༗໊Ͱ͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱɼ·ͣ͸ͦͷՕॴʹ͍ͭͯಡΈ෺త໨٧·Γʢbiological cloggingʣɽ
3. ඍੜ෺͕౔৕Λஂཻʹ݁ͼ͚ͭΔ༗‫ػ‬෺Λ߈ܸ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΔ෼ࢄɽ

4. Ҏ্ͷཁҼͷॏͶ߹Θͤɽʢ຋༁͸͜͜·Ͱʣͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷόΠΦΫϩοΪϯάͷ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸͜ͷ 3 ஈ֊มԽ͕໌֬ʹ‫͞࡯؍‬Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͸গͳ͘ɼOkubo andਐΊΔɽ࣮͸͜ͷՕॴ͸͜ͷ࿦จͷ৽ͨͳ࣮‫݁ݧ‬ՌͰMatsumotoʢ1979ʣɼOkubo and Matsumotoʢ1983ʣɼSeki
et al.ʢ1998ʣ͕ͦͷ਺গͳ͍ྫͰ͋Δɽ͜Ε͸όΠΦΫ

͸ͳ͘ɼʮ͸͡ΊʹʯͰ঺հͨ͠‫ڀݚ‬ϓϩδΣΫτͷҰϩοΪϯάͷ࣮‫ݧ‬Λ͢Δ࣌ͷ༷ʑͳ৚͕݅ҟͳΔͨΊͰ‫ͯ͠ͱ؀‬ɼԘྨ‫ Ͱॴڀݚ‬Allison ͱͱ΋ʹ‫ڀݚ‬Λ͍ͯ͠

͋Δɽୈ 2 ஈ֊ͷۭ‫༹ؾ‬ղաఔ͸ɼॳ‫ظ‬৚݅Ͱ෧ೖۭ‫ؾ‬ͨ Christiansen ͷ࿦จʢChristiansen, 1944; Christiansen,͕গͳ͍ঢ়ଶͰ͸‫͞࡯؍‬Εʹ͍͘ɽ·ͨɼ෧ೖۭ‫ۉ͕ؾ‬

1947ʣΛ Allison ͕Ҿ༻ͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Γɼ͜ͷ࿦จͷதҰʹଘࡏ͢Δͱ͖ʹ෧ೖۭ‫ؾ‬ͷ૯ྔ͸ΧϥϜͷߴ͞ʹൺͰ͸ং࿦ͱͯ͠ͷҐஔ෇͚Ͱ͋Δɽ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɼͦͷྫ͢ΔͨΊɼ୯Ґମੵͷਁಁਫத΁ͷ෧ೖۭ‫ؾ‬ͷ༹ղྔߨ࠲ɿL.E. Allison ஶʮ௕‫ਁظ‬ಁʹ͓͚Δඍੜ෺͕౔৕ͷಁਫੑʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫ڹ‬ʯ

47

Fig. 2 Hanford loam ͷ௕‫ਁظ‬ਫʹ͓͚Δಁਫੑͷ࣌ؒมԽ‫ۂ‬ઢɽ
Permeability-time curves for Hanford loam under prolonged submergence. (Allison, 1947, Fig. 5)͕ҰఆͰ͋Ε͹෧ೖۭ‫༹͕ؾ‬ղ͢Δ଎౓͸ΧϥϜͷߴ͞Δɽਫಓਫʹ͸ඍੜ෺΍༗‫ػ‬෺͕‫·ؚ‬Ε͍ͯΔͨΊɼৠʹ൓ൺྫ͢Δɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼ୹͍ΧϥϜΛ࢖͏ͱ͙͢ʹཹਫʹਫಓਫͷཅΠΦϯߏ੒Λ໛ͨ͠ྔͷԘԽΧϧγ΢༹ղ͕ऴΘΔͨΊɼୈ 1 ஈ֊͕‫͞࡯؍‬Εʹ͍͘ʢSeki etϜɼԘԽϚάωγ΢ϜɼԘԽφτϦ΢ϜΛՃ͑ͨਫ༹ӷal., 1998ʣɽΛਁಁਫʹ༻͍ͨɽৠཹਫΛ༻͍Δͱɼ౔৕༹ӷதͷిղ࣭ೱ౓௿ԼʹΑΔ෺ཧత෼ࢄͷӨ‫͘ڧ͕ڹ‬ग़ΔՄೳੑ

3. ໓‫ە‬৚݅ԼͰͷਁಁ࣮‫ݧ‬

͕͋Δɽਁಁਫʹ͸ԘԽਫۜΛ 10 ppm Ճ͑ͯɼ‫ە‬ͷൟ৩Λ๷͍ͩɽ໓‫౔ͨ͠ە‬৕ͱਁಁਫͷ໓‫ە‬ঢ়ଶ͸ഓ஍Ͱ

Allison ͷ࿦จͷΦϦδφϧͳ‫ڀݚ‬੒Ռ͸ɼ௕‫ؒظ‬ͷਁഓཆ͢Δ͜ͱͰ͔֬ΊΒΕͨɽਫʹΑΔಁਫੑͷ௿Լ͕ඍੜ෺ͷ‫׆‬ಈͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛࣔ͠·ͣ͸ɼ࣮‫͢༻࢖ʹݧ‬Δ‫۩ث‬Λ͢΂ͯΦʔτΫϨʔϒͨ໓‫ە‬৚݅ԼͰͷਁಁ࣮‫͔ݧ‬Βɺඍੜ෺‫׆‬ಈʹΑΔӨ‫ڹ‬Ͱ໓‫ͯ͠ە‬ແ‫઀Ͱ࡞ૢە‬ଓͨ͠ɽਁಁਫอ؅ළ͔Β໓‫ە‬Λ໌Β͔ʹͨ͜͠ͱͰ͋Δɽ͢ͳΘͪɼಁਫੑมԽͷୈ༻ϑΟϧλΛ௨ͬͯ໓‫ە‬ਫอ؅༰‫ʹث‬ਫ͕อ؅͞ΕΔɽ

3 ஈ֊Ͱ͸ 3 ͭͷཁҼ͸ඍੜ෺ͷ‫׆‬ಈͱ͸ແؔ܎ͳ෺ཧ

͜͜Ͱɼ໓‫ە‬ਫอ؅༰‫ٵͰث‬ҾѹΛ͔͚ͯਁಁਫอ؅ළ

తཁҼʢஂཻͷ෼ࢄʣͱඍੜ෺ͷ‫׆‬ಈʹΑΔӨ‫͕͋ͱڹ‬ͷਫΛ‫ٵ‬Ҿ͠ɼͦͷ࣌ʹ໓‫༻ە‬ϑΟϧλΛ௨Δ͜ͱͰ໓͛ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ͜ͷதͰඍੜ෺ͷ‫׆‬ಈʹΑΔӨ‫ڹ‬ͷ‫د‬༩‫͞ە‬ΕΔɽ໓‫ە‬ਫอ؅༰‫͔ث‬Β‫څ‬ਫළ΁νϡʔϒͰਫΛΛௐ΂ΔͨΊʹɼAllison ͸ඍੜ෺͕‫׆‬ಈ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍໓‫ە‬ิ‫͠څ‬ɼਁಁ࣮‫ʹ࣌ݧ‬͸‫څ‬ਫළ͔ΒνϡʔϒΛ੾Γ཭͠ঢ়ଶͰͷ࣮‫ݧ‬Λͯ͠ൺֱΛͨ͠ɽͨɽ໓‫ە‬ਫอ؅༰‫څͱث‬ਫළ͕֎‫͢઀ͱؾ‬Δॴʹ͸໓‫ە‬·ͣ͸͍͔ͭ͘ͷফಟༀʢԘԽਫۜɼϑΣϊʔϧɼϗίοτϯϑΟϧλΛ࢖༻ͯ͠֎‫ؾ‬தͷ‫͕ە‬ೖΒͳ͍Α͏ϧϜΞϧσώυɼτϧΤϯɼೋེԽ୸ૉɼଞ 17 छྨͷ෺ʹͨ͠ɽ‫څ‬ਫළͱ໓‫౔ە‬৕ͷೖͬͨਁಁ૷ஔ͸ແ‫࡞ૢە‬࣭ʣΛਁಁਫʹ༹ղ࣮ͯ͠‫ݧ‬Λͨ݁͠Ռ͕঺հ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ࠷΋ޮՌ͕͋ͬͨͷ͸ϑΣϊʔϧͱϗϧϜΞϧσώ

Ͱ઀ଓͨ͠ɽਁಁ࣮‫ʹݧ‬ΑΔഉਫΛ 5 ճ࠾औ͠ɼ·࣮ͨ‫ݧ‬ऴྃ‫౔ʹޙ‬৕Λ࠾औͯ͠ɼͦΕͧΕʹରͯ͠ഓཆ࣮‫ݧ‬υͰ͋Γɼ͔ͳΓͷ௕‫ؒظ‬ಁਫੑ͕௿Լ͠ͳ͔͕ͬͨɼ

Ͱඍੜ෺ͷଘࡏΛ֬ೝͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɼ͢΂ͯͷ࣮‫Ͱݧ‬ඍੜͦΕͰ΋࠷ऴతʹ͸ಁਫੑ͕௿Լͨͨ͠Ί෺ཧతཁҼ෺͸֬ೝ͞Εͳ͔ͬͨɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹపఈͨ͠ແ‫ە‬ঢ়ଶͷʹΑΔಁਫੑͷ௿ԼͷՄೳੑΛ‫׬‬શʹ͸൱ఆͰ͖ͳ͔ͬ

؅ཧΛͯ͠ɼඍੜ෺ͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λഉআͨ͠ঢ়ଶʹ͓͚Δಁਫ

ͨɽͦ͜Ͱ͜ͷ࿦จͰ͸ɼ‫׬‬શͳΔ໓‫ە‬ঢ়ଶͰͷಁਫ࣮ੑมԽΛௐ΂ͨɽ‫ݧ‬Λͯ͠ɼୈ 3 ஈ֊ʹ͓͚Δಁਫੑͷ௿Լ͕෺ཧతཁҼ

Fig. 2 ͸ Hanford loam ʹ͓͚Δಁਫੑ࣮‫ݧ‬ͷ݁ՌͰ
͋Δɽ౔৕ͱਁಁਫΛ໓‫ʹ࣌ͨ͠ە‬͸ɼୈ 1 ஈ֊ͷಁਫੑͷ௿Լͱୈ 2 ஈ֊ͷಁਫੑͷ্ঢ͕‫͞࡯؍‬Εͨ‫ޙ‬ɼಁʹΑΔ΋ͷͳͷ͔ඍੜ෺ͷ‫׆‬ಈʹΑΔ΋ͷͳͷ͔ɼͦͷ྆ํ͕͋Δͷ͔Λ͸͖ͬΓͤ͞Α͏ͱͨ͠ɽ
‫౔ࢼڙ‬৕͸ɼHanford loam ͱ Exeter sandy loam ͱਫੑ͕΄ͱΜͲมԽ͠ͳ͔ͬͨɽҰํɼ໓‫ە‬Λશͯ͘͠Hesperia sandy loam ͷ 3 छྨͰɼͦΕͧΕΛ෩‫ס‬ɼ2 mm

͍ͳ͍ରর࣮‫ͱݧ‬໓‫౔ͨ͠ە‬৕ʹ໓‫͍ͳ͍ͯ͠ە‬ਫΛਁᝲ௨ա‫ʹޙ‬Ψϥεͷνϡʔϒʹ‫ݱ‬৔ͷີ౓Ͱॆర͠ɼΤಁ࣮ͨ͠‫Ͱݧ‬͸ɼಁਫੑมԽͷ 3 ஈ֊͕‫͞࡯؍‬Ε͍ͯνϨϯΦΩγυΨεʹΑͬͯ໓‫ͨ͠ە‬ɽΤνϨϯΦΩγ

Δɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͔Βɼୈ 3 ஈ֊ͷಁਫੑͷ௿Լ͸ඍੜ෺ͷυʹΑΔ໓‫ە‬͸ɼ௨ৗͷৠ‫ʹؾ‬ΑΔ໓‫ͱە‬ൺ΂ͯ౔৕ͷ‫׆‬ಈ͕ͦͷཁҼͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕ಥ͖ࢭΊΒΕͨɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ෺ཧԽֶಛੑΛมԽͤ͞ͳ͍ͨΊద͍ͯ͠Δͱ͍͕ͯ͠ Allison ͷ࿦จͷ࠷΋ॏཁͳ݁࿦Ͱ͋Δɽ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)

48

Table 1 ඍੜ෺‫׆‬ಈʹΑΔಁਫੑ௿ԼͷཁҼͱͳΔ໨٧·Γ෺࣭ɽ
Clogging materials related to microbial activity which cause permeability reduction.
෺࣭

උɹɹߟ

ඍੜ෺ࡉ๔

ࡉ‫ە‬ɾࢳঢ়‫ە‬౳୅ँੜ੒෺࣭

ඍੜ෺ࡉ๔ͱͱ΋ʹ, όΠΦϑΟϧϜ΍ϚΠΫϩίϩχʔΛ‫ܗ‬੒Ψεඍੜ෺͕ੜ੒͢Δ஠ૉɾϝλϯ౳మͷ௜఼ඍੜ෺‫׆‬ಈʹΑΓ౔৕தͷమ͕ؐ‫͞ݩ‬ΕɺਫࢎԽమͱͯ͠௜఼͢Δ

͜͜Ͱ໓‫͍ͳ͍ͯ͠ە‬ਫΛྲྀͨ͠ 2 ͭͷ࣮‫ݧ‬Λൺֱ࣮‫Ͱݧ‬͸ɼόΠΦΫϩοΪϯάʹΑͬͯಁਫ܎਺͕௿Լ

͢Δͱɼࣗવ౔৕Λ࢖࣮ͬͨ‫ݧ‬ͷํ͕ୈ 2 ஈ֊͔Βୈ 3ͯ͠΋Ψεͷྔ͸૿͍͑ͯͳ͍͜ͱΛଌఆͰࣔ͠ɼΨεஈ֊ʹҠߦ͢Δ࣌ͷಁਫੑͷ࠷େ஋͕খ͍͞ɽ͜Ε͸͕ࣗಁਫ܎਺ͷ௿Լʹ༩͑Δͱ͍͏આΛ൱ఆͨ͠ɽҰํɼવ౔৕Ͱ͸ඍੜ෺ͷ‫׆‬ಈ͕‫͋Ͱൃ׆‬Γɼ࣮‫ݧ‬։͔࢝࣌Β

Poulovassilisʢ1972ʣ͸όΠΦΫϩοΪϯάʹΑͬͯಁ͢Ͱʹඍੜ෺‫׆‬ಈʹΑΔಁਫੑͷ௿Լ͸࢝·͍ͬͯΔͨ

ਫ܎਺͕௿Լͨ͠೪౔ࢼྉʹରͯ͠ਅۭதͰΨεΛআ‫ڈ‬Ίɼ෧ೖۭ‫׬͕ؾ‬શʹআ‫͞ڈ‬ΕΔલʹඍੜ෺ͷޮՌ͕෧

͢Δͱɼಁਫ܎਺͕‫্ʹܹٸ‬ঢͯ͠΄΅‫ݩ‬ͷ஋ʹ෮‫͢׆‬ೖۭ‫༹ؾ‬ղͷޮՌΛ্·ͬͯ͠·ͬͨͨΊͩɼͱ AllisonΔ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͔Βɼಁਫ܎਺ͷ௿Լ͸ඍੜ͸આ໌ͨ͠ɽଞͷ 2 ͭͷ౔৕ࢼྉʹ͍ͭͯ΋ఆੑతʹ͸෺͕ൃੜͨ͠ΨεʹΑΔ΋ͷͰ͋Δͱͨ͠ɽಉ༷ͷ݁Ռ͕ಘΒΕͨɽୈ 2 ஈ֊ͷ‫ ͕ؒظ‬Hanford loam·ͨɼమͷ௜఼ʹ΋ඍੜ෺͕ؔ༩͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊɼόΠͰ͸ଞͷ౔৕ͱൺ΂ͯ୹͍ͷ͸ɼHanford loam ͸༗‫ػ‬෺ΦΫϩοΪϯάͷ 1 ͭͰ͋Δͱ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢBaveye etal., 1998ʣɽ͢ͳΘͪɼඍੜ෺‫׆‬ಈʹΑͬͯ౔৕தͷ 3 Ձమ͕ؐ‫͞ݩ‬Εͯ 2 ՁమͱͳΓɼ౔৕༹ӷதʹ༹ղ͢ΔɽͦͷΑ͏ͳ 2 Ձమ͕ࢎԽͯ͠ 3 Ձమͱͯ͠௜఼͠ಁਫੑ

͕๛෋Ͱඍੜ෺ͷ‫׆‬ಈ͕ඇৗʹ‫͋Ͱൃ׆‬ΔͨΊͰ͋Δͱͨ͠ɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹɼ౔৕ͷಁਫੑ͕ஶ͘͠௿Լ͢Δ‫ݪ‬Ҽ͕ඍੜ෺ͷ‫׆‬ಈͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕͜ͷ࣮‫Ͱݧ‬͸͖ͬΓͱࣔ͞ΕͨΛ௿Լͤ͞Δɽ΋ͷͷɼͦΕ͕ඍੜ෺ͷͲͷΑ͏ͳ‫׆‬ಈͰ͋Δ͔ͱ͍͏͜ͷΑ͏ʹɼඍੜ෺‫׆‬ಈʹΑΔӨ‫ʹڹ‬͸ Allison ͕औਖ਼֬ͳϝΧχζϜ͸ɼ·ͩٞ࿦ͷ༨஍͕͋Δͱͯ͠ɼඍ

Γ্͛ͨඍੜ෺ͷࡉ๔ͱ୅ँੜ੒෺࣭ʹΑΔόΠΦΫ

ੜ෺ͷ୅ँੜ੒෺࣭ʹΑΔ໨٧·Γ΍ɼඍੜ෺͕౔৕ΛϩοΪϯά͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ɼ͍͔ͭ͘ͷཁҼ͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽஂཻʹ݁ͼ͚ͭΔ༗‫ػ‬෺Λ߈ܸ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΔ෼ࢄͷӨ

Allison ͕ಁਫੑ௿ԼͷཁҼΛඍੜ෺༝དྷͷ΋ͷͱඍੜ‫ ͍ͯͭʹͲͳڹ‬Allison ͸ߟ࡯͍ͯ͠Δɽͦͯ͠ɼओཁ

෺ʹ༝དྷ͠ͳ͍΋ͷʹ෼͚࣮ͯ‫ݧ‬Λ͢Δ͜ͱͰཁҼΛ෼ͳཁҼ͸ඍੜ෺ͷ‫׆‬ಈʹΑͬͯੜ੒͞Εͨ෺࣭ʹΑΔ౔

཭͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨΑ͏ʹɼඍੜ෺༝དྷͷಁਫੑ௿Լʹ৕ؒܺͷ໨٧·ΓͰ͋Ζ͏ͱ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͍ͭͯ΋ෳ਺ͷཁҼΛ࣮‫ݧ‬తʹ෼཭ͯٞ͠࿦Ͱ͖ΔͰ͋
Ζ͏͔ɽ͜ͷൃ૝͕ɼ࣍ʹ঺հ͢Δஶऀࣗ਎ͷόΠΦΫ

4. ඍੜ෺ʹΑΔಁਫੑ௿Լʹؔ͢Δͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷ‫ڀݚ‬ϩοΪϯάͷ‫͍͓ͯʹڀݚ‬ɼAllison ͔Β‫͘ڧ‬Ө‫ڹ‬Λड͚͍ͯΔͱ͜ΖͰ͋Δɽ

Seki et al.ʢ1996ʣ͸ɼ‫ ⃻ ٶ‬Βʢ1991ʣͷ࣮‫݁ݧ‬ՌʹΑͬͯΫϩοΪϯάʹΑΔಁਫੑͷஶ͍͠௿Լ͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕ͜ͷΑ͏ʹ Allison ͷ࿦จͰ͸ɼ௕‫ؒظ‬ͷਁಁʹΑͬͨਫాͷߞ൫૚Λ‫ؚ‬Ή૚͔ΒαϯϓϦϯάͨ͠౔৕Λɼͯಁਫੑ͕ஶ͘͠௿Լ͢Δ‫ݱ‬৅ʹඍੜ෺͕Ө‫͍ͯ͠ڹ‬Δ

ߴ͞ 12 cm ͷΞΫϦϧΧϥϜʹॆరͯ͠ 30 ˆͷ߃Թ৚͜ͱ͕ࣔ͞Εͨɽͦ͜Ͱɼඍੜ෺ͷӨ‫ͱڹ‬͸Կ͔ͱ͍͏
͜ͱ͕࣍ͷٙ໰ͱͳΔɽAllison ͸ɼඍੜ෺ͷӨ‫ͱڹ‬͸ɼඍੜ෺ͷࡉ๔ͱඍੜ෺͕ੜ੒ͨ͠୅ँੜ੒෺࣭ʹΑΔؒ

݅ԼͰӫཆਫʢάϧίʔε 50 ppmʣͱࡴ‫ە‬ਫʢΞδԽφτϦ΢Ϝ 50 ppmʣʹΑΔਁಁ࣮‫ݧ‬Λͨ͠ɽͦͯ͠ɼΧϥϜͷ૚͝ͱͷಁਫ܎਺มԽΛଌఆ͢Δͱͱ΋ʹɼඍੜ෺ܺͷ໨٧·ΓʢόΠΦΫϩοΪϯάʣͰ͋Δͱͨ͠ɽͦ

ͷ‫׆‬ಈঢ়ଶΛ஌ΔͨΊʹࢎԽؐ‫ిݩ‬Ґͱάϧίʔεೱ౓ͷ‫ޙ‬ͷ‫Ͱڀݚ‬ɼTable 1 ʹࣔͨ͠Α͏ʹؒܺΛ໨٧·Γ͞ͷ෼෍Λௐ΂ɼ࣮‫ݧ‬ऴྃ‫ʹޙ‬͸‫ر‬ऍฏ൘๏ʹΑͬͯࡉ‫ە‬

ͤΔ෺࣭ʹ͸ඍੜ෺͕ൃੜ͢ΔΨε౳ɼͦΕҎ֎ͷ෺࣭ͱࢳঢ়‫ە‬ͷ਺Λௐ΂ͨɽࡴ‫ە‬ਫΛྲྀͨ࣌͠ʹ͸ɼॳ‫ظ‬ͷ͕͋Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔͖ͬͯͨɽ

ಁਫੑͷ্ঢ‫ޙ‬͸΄΅ಁਫ܎਺͕ҰఆͰ͋ͬͨɽҰํɼඍੜ෺ࡉ๔ʹΑΔόΠΦΫϩοΪϯάʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼӫཆਫΛྲྀͨ࣌͠ʹ͸ྲྀೖ‫͋Ͱޱ‬ΔΧϥϜ্෦ 1 cm ͷ

Gupta and Swartzendruberʢ1964ʣ͕ ࡉ ‫ ە‬ͷ ࡉ ๔ ਺ ͕
1.3 × 106 CFU g−1 Λӽ͑Δͱಁਫ܎਺͕ 100 ෼ͷ 1ಁਫ܎਺͕ Allison ͕ࣔͨ͠Α͏ʹ 3 ஈ֊ͷมԽΛͯ͠ɼʹ௿Լ͢Δ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬΋ଟ͘ͷ‫ࡉ͕ऀڀݚ‬ͨ͠ɽάϧίʔεೱ౓͸ΧϥϜ্૚ 1 cm Ͱେ͖͘௿Լ

118 ೔ؒͰ๞࿨ಁਫ܎਺͕ 100 ෼ͷ 1 ͷΦʔμʔʹ௿Լ‫ە‬ͷࡉ๔਺΍ମੵɼ୅ँੜ੒෺࣭ͱಁਫੑͷ௿Լͷؔ܎͠ɼࢎԽؐ‫ిݩ‬Ґ͸શ૚Ͱϝλϯ͕ൃੜ͢Δ৚݅Ͱ͋Δ

ʹ͍ͭͯ‫͍ͯ͠ڀݚ‬ΔʢFrankenberger et al., 1979; Cun-

−150 mV ҎԼʹ௿Լͨ͠ɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼࡴ‫ە‬ਫʹ੾Γସ͑
ͨͱ͜Ζಁਫੑ্͕ঢͨ͠ɽਁಁ‫ ؒظ‬18 ೔ؒͷΧϥϜningham et al., 1991; Vandevivere and Baveye, 1992; Seki
and Miyazaki, 2001ʣɽ
Gupta and Swartzendruberʢ1964ʣͷੴӳ࠭Λ༻͍ͨͰ࣮‫ݧ‬ऴྃ‫౔ʹޙ‬৕ͷඍੜ෺਺Λ‫ر‬ऍฏ൘๏ʹΑͬͯௐ
΂ͨͱ͜ΖɼΤοάΞϧϒϛϯ‫פ‬ఱഓ஍Ͱੜҭ͢Δ޷‫ؾ‬ߨ࠲ɿL.E. Allison ஶʮ௕‫ਁظ‬ಁʹ͓͚Δඍੜ෺͕౔৕ͷಁਫੑʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫ڹ‬ʯ

49ੑࡉ‫਺ە‬͸࣮‫ݧ‬։࢝࣌ͱൺ΂ͯද૚Ͱ͸มԽͤͣɼԼ૚

໌͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ɼAllison ͷ‫ͨͬ͋Ͱ͏͕ͦڀݚ‬Α͏ʹɼͰ͸ 10 ෼ͷ 1 ͔Β 100 ෼ͷ 1 ʹ௿Լͨ͠ɽҰํɼϩʔ౔৕෺ཧֶऀͱඍੜ෺ֶऀͷ༗‫ػ‬తͳ࿈‫͕ܞ‬ඞཁͱ͞ΕζϕϯΨϧ‫פ‬ఱഓ஍Ͱੜҭ͢Δࢳঢ়‫਺ە‬͸Լ૚Ͱ͸มԽΑ͏ɽ·ͨɼόΠΦΫϩοΪϯάͷ‫ݶʹڀݚ‬Βͣɼ౔৕ͤͣɼಁਫੑ͕௿Լ্ͨ͠૚Ͱ͸ 10 ഒ͔Β 100 ഒʹ૿‫ݍ‬ͷ෺࣭॥‫؀‬Λղ໌͢ΔͨΊʹ͸౔৕෺ཧֶͷ஌‫ͱݟ‬ඍՃͨ͠ɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͔Βࢳঢ়‫ە‬ͷ‫ʹࢳە‬ΑΔόΠΦΫϩο

ੜ෺ֶͷ஌‫͕ݟ‬ඞཁͱ͞Εɼ෼໺ؒͷ࿈‫ܞ‬͸ࠓ೔·͢·Ϊϯά‫ݱ‬৅͕‫͍͖ͯى‬Δͱͨ͠ɽ͢ॏཁੑΛ૿͍ͯ͠ΔɽͦͷΑ͏ͳ෼໺ؒͷ࿈‫ࢪ࣮͕ܞ‬࣍ʹɼSeki et al.ʢ1998ʣͷ࣮‫Ͱݧ‬͸ΫϩοΪϯά෺࣭ͱͯ͠ࡉ‫ە‬ɼࢳঢ়‫͓ە‬ΑͼϝλϯΨεͷͦΕͧΕͷ‫د‬༩͞Ε͍ͯͨͱ͍͏఺ʹ͓͍ͯɼAllison ͷ‫ڀݚ‬͸ 1940 ೥୅౰࣌ͱͯ͠͸ඇৗʹઌਐతͰ͋ͬͨͱ‫͑ݴ‬Α͏ɽΛࣔ͢͜ͱΛ໨తͱͨ͠ɽಁਫੑ͕௿Լ͢Δ૚͸ 1 cm
Ҏ಺Ͱ͋ΔͨΊɼߴ͞ 1 cm ͷΧϥϜΛ࢖ͬͯಁਫ࣮‫ݧ‬ँࣙΛͯ͠ɼΧϥϜͷ࣭ྔΛଌఆ͢Δ͜ͱͰ෧ೖۭ‫ؾ‬ͷ࣌ؒมԽΛଌఆͨ͠ɽࡉ‫ࢳͱە‬ঢ়‫͍ͯͭʹە‬͸ɼӫཆਫʹࡉ‫ە‬ͷ૿৩Λ཈੍͢ΔΫϩϥϜϑΣχίʔϧͱࢳঢ়‫ە‬ͷ૿৩Λ཈੍͢ΔγΫϩϔΫγϛυΛɼͦΕͧΕఴՃ࣮ͨ͠

औग़৳෉ത࢜ͱಗ໊ͷӾಡऀ͔Β‫و‬ॏͳ͝ॿ‫ݴ‬Λ௖͍ͨɽ͜͜ʹ‫ँͯ͠ه‬ҙΛද͢Δɽ‫ݧ‬Λͯ͠ൺֱͨ͠ɽͦͷ݁ՌɼӫཆਫͷΈΛ࢖࣮ͬͨ‫ݧ‬Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬

Ͱ‫ؾ‬૬཰͕ਁಁ։࢝‫ ޙ‬40 ೔͔Β 100 ೔ʹ͔͚ͯஶ͘͠
૿Ճ͠ɼ30 % ʹ·Ͱ౸ୡͨ͠ɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͔Βɼඍੜ෺͕ൃੜͨ͠Ψε͕ΫϩοΪϯάͷ‫ݪ‬Ҽͱͳ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ

Allison, L.E. (1947): Effect of microorganisms on permeability͕͸͖ͬΓͱ͔֬ΊΒΕͨɽҰํͰɼΨεͷ૿Ճ͕࢝·of soil under prolonged submergence. Soil Sci., 63: 439–450.

Δ 40 ೔Ҏલʹ΋͔ͳΓಁਫੑ͕௿Լ͍ͯͨ͜͠ͱɼ‫ؾ‬Baveye, P., Vandevivere, P., Hoyle, B.L., DeLeo, P.C. and de૬཰͕ͦΕ΄Ͳ্ঢ͠ͳ͔ͬͨΫϩϥϜϑΣχίʔϧ΍

Lozada, D.S. (1998): Environmental impact and mechanismsγΫϩϔΫγϛυΛఴՃ࣮ͨ͠‫Ͱݧ‬΋ಁਫੑ௿Լ͕‫࡯؍‬of the biological clogging of saturated soils and aquifer mate-͞Εͨ͜ͱ͔ΒɼΨεͷόΠΦΫϩοΪϯά͕ͳͯ͘΋ಁਫੑ͸े෼ʹ௿Լ͢Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔ͬͨɽͳ͓͜ͷ‫ڀݚ‬Ͱ͸‫ؾ‬૬཰Λ࿈ଓతʹଌఆͨͨ͠ΊɼAllison ͷୈ 2 ஈ֊ʹ͓͚Δ෧ೖۭ‫ؾ‬ͷ༹ղաఔ͕‫ؾ‬૬཰ͷ௿Լʹͱ΋ͳ͏ಁਫ܎਺ͷ௿Լͱͯ͠͸͖ͬΓͱଌఆ͞ΕͨɽҰํɼ

rials. Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Tech., 28: 123–191.
Christiansen, J.E. (1944): Effect of entrapped air on the permeability of soils. Soil Sci., 58: 355–365.
Christiansen, J.E. (1947): Some permeability characteristics ofsaline and alkali soils. Agr. Engin., 28: 147–150.

ΧϥϜ͕୹͍͜ͱͰ෧ೖۭ‫ؾ‬ͷ༹ղ͕‫ٸ‬଎ʹਐߦͨͨ͠

Cunningham, A.B., Characklis, W.G., Abedeen, F. and Crawford,ΊɼAllison ͷୈ 1 ஈ֊Ͱ͋Δಁਫੑͷ௿Լ͸‫͞࡯؍‬Ε

D. (1991): Inﬂuence of bioﬁlm accumulation on porous mediaͳ͔ͬͨɽ·ͨɼࡉ‫ە‬ͷ૿৩Λ཈੍ͯ͠΋ࢳঢ়‫ە‬ͷ૿৩hydrodynamics. Environ. Sci. Technol., 25: 1305–1311.

Λ཈੍ͯ͠΋ɼ͍ͣΕ΋όΠΦΫϩοΪϯά͸ಉ༷ʹਐ

Davis, S., Fairbank, W. and Weisheit, H. (1973): Dairy waste

ߦ͢Δ͜ͱ͔Βɼࡉ‫ە‬ɼࢳঢ়‫ͱە‬΋ʹΫϩοΪϯά෺࣭

ponds effectively self-sealing. Trans. ASAE, 16(1): 69–71.

ͱͯ͠ಇ͍͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕͔֬ΊΒΕͨɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹࢳঢ়‫ʹە‬ΑΔόΠΦΫϩοΪϯά͸ॏཁͰ
͋Δ͕ɼࡉ‫ʹە‬ΑΔόΠΦΫϩοΪϯάʹண໨ͨ͠‫ڀݚ‬de Vries, J. (1972): Soil ﬁltration of wastewater efﬂuent and themechanism of pore clogging. J. Water Poll. Cont. Fed., 44(4):565–573.

͕ଟ͘ɼࢳঢ়‫ە‬ͷόΠΦΫϩοΪϯάʹ͍ͭͯ͸ஶऀͷ

Frankenberger, W.T., Troeh, F.R. and Dumenil, L.C. (1979): Bac-‫ڀݚ‬ʢSeki et al., 1996; 1998; 2002; ؔΒ, 2005ʣҎ֎Ͱterial effects on hydraulic conductivity of soils. Soil Sci. Soc.

͸‫ݟ‬౰ͨΒͳ͍ɽ

Am. J., 43: 333–338.
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5. ͓ΘΓʹ
όΠΦΫϩοΪϯά‫ݱ‬৅ͷղ໌ʹ͸౔৕෺ཧֶͱඍੜ
෺ֶ͕ඞཁͰ͋ΔɽAllison ͷ‫ڀݚ‬͸ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶऀͰ͋

and hydraulic conductivity of quartz sand during prolonged
liquid ﬂow. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 28: 9–12.
Kamon, M., Zhang, H.Y., Katsumi, T. and Sama, N. (2002): Redox effect on the hydraulic conductivity of clay liner, Soils
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Δ Allison ͱ Christiansen ͱඍੜ෺ֶऀͰ͋Δ Martin ͱ

Kristiansen, R. (1981): Sand-ﬁlter trenches for puriﬁcation of sep-ͷ‫ڞ‬ಉ‫ͨͬ·࢝ͯ͠ͱڀݚ‬ɽҟͳΔઐ໳෼໺ͷઐ໳Ո͕tic tank efﬂuent: The clogging mechanism and the soil physi-‫ ͯ͠ྗڠ‬1 ͭͷࣄ৅Λղ໌ͨ͠޷ྫͰ͋Δɽ1947 ೥ʹ

cal environment. J. Env. Qual., 10(3): 353–357.

ൃද͞Εͨ Allison ͷ࿦จͰɼ௕‫ؒظ‬࿈ଓਁಁʹΑΔಁ

Lappin-Scott, H.M., Cusack, F. and Costerton, J.W. (1988): Nu-ਫੑͷ௿Լ͕ඍੜ෺ͷӨ‫͋Ͱڹ‬Δ͜ͱ͕ղ໌͞Εɼͦͷtrient resuscitation and growth of starved cells in sandstoneৄࡉͳϝΧχζϜʹ͍ͭͯ͸ͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷ‫ʹڀݚ‬Αͬͯ࣍ୈcores: a novel approach to enhanced oil recovery. Appl. Envi-ʹ໌Β͔ʹ͞Ε͖ͯͨɽ‫Ͱࡏݱ‬΋ɼͨͱ͑͹ࢳঢ়‫ʹە‬Α

ron. Microbiol., 54(6): 1373–1382.

ΔόΠΦΫϩοΪϯάͷϝΧχζϜʹ͍ͭͯ͸‫͕ྫڀݚ‬‫ؽ ⃻ٶ‬, த໺੓ࢻ, Ԙ୔ ণ, Ҫຊതඒ (1991): ౔৕ඍੜ෺͕౔ͷগͳ͘े෼ʹ෼͔͍ͬͯΔͱ͸‫͍ͳ͑ݴ‬ɽΑΓৄࡉʹղಁਫ܎਺ʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫͍ͯͭʹڹ‬. ೶౔࿦ू, 174: 41–48.

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Okubo, T. and Matsumoto, J. (1983): Biological clogging of sandand changes of organic constituents during artiﬁcial recharge.

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· ࢳঢ়‫ʹە‬ΑΔ๞࿨ಁਫ܎਺ͷ௿Լ͓ΑͼͦͷԹ౓ґଘੑʹ͍ͭͯ. ೶౔࿦ू, 237: 13–19.

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Boca Raton, Florida.

ࢫ౔৕ʹਫ͕௕‫ਁؒظ‬ಁ͢Δ࣌ʹɼඍੜ෺ࡉ๔͓Αͼඍੜ෺͕ੜ੒͢Δ୅ँੜ੒෺࣭ʹΑΔؒܺͷ໨٧·ΓʹΑͬͯಁਫੑ͕௿Լ͢ΔόΠΦΫϩοΪϯά‫ݱ‬৅ʹ͍ͭͯɼ୮೦ͳ࣮‫ ͨ͠ূݕͰݧ‬Allison (1947)ͷ࿦จΛ঺հͨ͠ɽಁਫੑ௿Լʹ͸༷ʑͳཁҼ͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔதͰɼ໓‫ە‬৚݅Լͷ࣮‫Ͱݧ‬ɼඍੜ෺ͷ‫׆‬ಈ͕ಁਫੑ௿Լͷ‫ݪ‬ҼͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛಛఆͨ͠ɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷ‫ڀݚ‬ͷల։ʹΑΓɼAllison ͕ࢦఠͨ͠ඍੜ෺ࡉ
๔ͱ୅ँੜ੒෺࣭ʹΑΔ໨٧·Γ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɼඍੜ෺͕ൃੜ͢ΔΨεʹΑͬͯ΋ಁਫੑ͕௿Լ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ࣔ͞Εͨɽ·ͨɼࡉ‫͘ͳͰ͚ͩە‬ɼࢳঢ়‫ە‬ͷ૿৩͕ɼόΠΦΫϩοΪϯά‫ݱ‬৅ʹ͓͍ͯॏཁͳಇ͖Λ
͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔͖ͬͯͨɽ
Ωʔϫʔυɿඍੜ෺ɼΫϩοΪϯάɼಁਫੑɼ஍Լਫᔻཆ

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 131, p.51 ∼ 53 (2015)

Րछɹ— ౔৕෺ཧֶ΁ͷಓ —ஜࢵೋ࿠ 1ࢲ͸ɼࢠͲ΋ͷࠒ͔ΒҙࢤബऑͰɼӡ໋ʹ೚ͤΔɼ͍ΘΒ৵৯‫ݱ‬৅ʹऔΓ૊Ήͱ͍͏͜ͱͰɼ౔৕෺ཧֶͷ‫ڀݚ‬͹ʮque sera, seraʯతͳա͝͠ํΛ͖ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɽେֶ

Λ‫ܧ‬ଓͰ͖Δ͜ͱΛ༗೉͘ࢥ͍·ͨ͠ɽ߱Ӎͷਁಁ͔Βೖࢼ΋ߴߍͷઌੜͷ‫ݴ‬ΘΕΔ··ʹ‫۝‬େ೶ֶ෦Λड‫͠ݧ‬஍ද୷ਫ͕ੜ͡஍දྲྀग़ʹΑͬͯ৵৯͕‫͜ى‬ΔաఔΛϞ·ͨ͠ɽֶՊͷબ୒΋ͨͩ਺ֶ͕ଞͷՊ໨ΑΓ޷͖ͩͬσϧԽ͢Δ͜ͱΛ໨ࢦ͠·͕ͨ͠ɼαϒϞσϧͷߏங͸ͨͱ͍͏ཧ༝͔Β೶‫౔ۀ‬໦ͷಓΛาΉ͜ͱʹ͠·ͨ͠ɽՄೳͳ΋ͷͷɼͦΕΒΛ૯߹Խͨ͠େ͖ͳεέʔϧͰͷ୯ҐΛͱΔ͜ͱ͚ͩΛ໨తʹɼ‫ڭ‬ՊΛमಘ͠·͕ͨ͠ɼϞσϧԽ͸೉͍͠ͱ‫ͨ͠·͡ײ‬ɽେมָ͍͠ੜ‫ ͕׆‬7 ೥೶‫ۀ‬΍৯ྐͷ໰୊ʹ͍ͭͯਂ͘ߟ͑Δ͜ͱ͸͠·ͤΜͰଓ͍ͨ͜Ζɼ฼ߍ΁ͷస‫ۈ‬ͷ࿩͕͋Γɼʮ౔৕෺ཧ͕‫ڀݚ‬ͨ͠ɽͦͷͨΊɼ೶‫౔ۀ‬໦ֶʹରͯࣗ͠෼ͷະདྷΛୗ͢

Ͱ͖Δʯͱ͍͏৚݅ͰҟಈΛঝ஌͠·ͨ͠ɽ‫ͳʹͪ࣋ؾ‬Γ·ͤΜͰͨ͠ɽస‫ۈ‬ઌ͸ɼʰੜ෺‫ڥ؀‬ௐઅʱͷ‫ͨ͠Ͱࣨڀݚ‬ɽͱ͜Ζ

େֶ 4 ೥ʹͳΓɼࠃՈެ຿һࢼ‫ݧ‬Λड‫͕ͨ͠·͠ݧ‬ɼ͕ɼ͜ͷస‫͕ۈ‬ɼ௕͍ճΓಓͷ࢝·ΓͰͨ͠ɽ্࢘ͷ‫ڭ‬݁Ռ͸ෆ࠾༻Ͱͨ͠ɽ࣍ʹɼձࣾΛड͚Α͏ͱब৬ࢦಋ

त͸લ‫ݴ‬Λ຋͠ɼࢲʹʮ౔৕෺ཧ͸͢Δͳɽੜ෺‫ڥ؀‬Λͷઌੜͷͱ͜Ζ΁ߦ͘ͱɼʮձࣾ͸‫ʹ܅‬͸߹Θͳ͍ʯͱ‫ݴ‬ͤΑɽʯͱओுΛ‫ͤ·͛ۂ‬ΜͰͨ͠ɽͦ΋ͦ΋౔৕෺ཧ͸ΘΕ·ͨ͠ɽࣗ෼Ͱ΋ೲಘ͠ɼ݁‫ہ‬େֶӃʹਐֶ͢Δ͜ੜ෺‫ڥ؀‬ͷҰ෦Ͱ͋Γɼੜ෺‫ڥ؀‬ͷൣᙝʹೖ͍ͬͯΔͱͱʹ͠·ͨ͠ɽ

ࢥ͏ͷͰ͕͢ɼ࢒೦ͳ͕Β෼͔ͬͯ΋Β͑·ͤΜͰͨ͠ɽଔ࿦ͷςʔϚ͸ʰ஍Լີ౓ྲྀʹؔ͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬ʱͰͨ͠ɽ

ࢲʹ͸౔৕෺ཧͰഓͬͨ஌͔ࣝ͠ͳ͘ɼࢲʹͰ͖Δ͜

࢓্͕Γ͸ 99 ˋେֶӃͷઌഐͷྗʹΑΔ΋ͷͰ͕ͨ͠ɼ

ͱ͸ͦͷ஌ࣝΛ‫ڀݚ͔ͯ͠׆‬ΛਐΊ͍͔ͯ͘͠ͳ͍ͱࢥ

͜ͷଔ࿦ͷ‫͔ݧܦ‬Β਺ཧղੳ͕ඞཁͳʰਁಁֶʱʹऒ͔͍·ͨ͠ɽΕΔΑ͏ʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɽ·ͣߦͬͨͷ͕ɼ༗‫ݶ‬ཁૉ๏ʹΑΔۭௐࣨ಺ͷۭ‫ؾ‬ͷେֶӃͰ͸ɼैલ͔Β࿩୊ʹ্͍ͬͯͨʰ੒૚౔৕ʹྲྀΕͷղੳͰͨ͠ɽࣨ಺ͷ෩͸ 3 ࣍‫ݩ‬తʹղੳ͢Δඞཁ

͓͚Δෆ๞࿨ਁಁྲྀʱΛ‫ڀݚ‬՝୊ͱఆΊɼਁಁ‫ݱ‬৅Λ࣮͕͋Γɼͦͷ͜Ζී‫࢝͠ٴ‬ΊͨύιίϯΛ࢖ͬͯղੳ͠ɼ

‫͔֬Ͱݧ‬Ίɼͦͷ਺ֶతද‫ݱ‬ΛࢼΈ·ͨ͠ɽ6 ೥͔͚ͯɼ

ࣨ಺ͷ͍͔ͭ͘ͷஅ໘ʹ͓͚Δ෩଎෼෍Λ໼ҹͷϕΫτֶҐΛऔಘ͠ɼ‫ͯ͠ͱऀڀݚ‬ಠΓཱͪ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·ϧͰදࣔ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·ͨ͠ɽͨ͠ɽ࣍ʹࢼΈͨͷ͸ɼϨλεͷ༿ͷੜ௕ղੳͰ͢ɽ༿ͷཁେֶӃ͕ऴྃ͢Δͱɼ҉͍‫ؾ‬෼ʹมΘΓ·ͨ͠ɽ౰࣌ɼ

ૉͷੜ௕͸ɼྲྀମྗֶతʹ͍͏ͱͦͷཁૉͷ଎౓ϕΫτ೶ֶ෦Ͱ͸௝͍͠ɼΦʔόʔυΫλʔʹͳͬͨͷͰ͢ɽϧͷ෼ࢄʹ૬౰͠·͢ɽͦͷ෼ࢄ͸ɼ༗‫ݶ‬ཁૉ๏Ͱ͸ࡾֶྺʹ݀Λ։͚ͳ͍Α͏ʹ‫ڀݚ‬ੜʹͳΓɼത࢜߸Λ΋ͬ֯‫ܗ‬ཁૉΛߏ੒͢Δ 3 ఺ͷҠಈ଎౓͔Β‫͢·͖Ͱࢉܭ‬ɽ͍ͯͯ΋त‫ۀ‬ྉΛ෷ΘͶ͹ͳΒͣɼͦͷ͜Ζ݁ࠗ΋ͯ͠‫݁ࢉܭ‬Ռ͸ੜ௕෼෍ͱͱ΋ʹੜ௕ཁૉͷճస෼෍Λ΋ද͍ͯɼੜ‫׆‬අͷ໰୊͕ॏ͘ͷ͔͔͖ͬͯ͠·ͨ͠ɽͦͷࣔͰ͖ɼͦΕʹΑͬͯ༿ͷੜ௕ͷಛ௃͕໌Β͔ʹͳΓ·Α͏ͳࢲΛ‫ͯݟ‬ɼपғͷઌੜํ͕೤৺ʹߟ͑ͯ͘Εͯɼͨ͠ɽͳΜͱ͔ௗऔେֶͷॿखʹब৬͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·ͨ͠ɽ͞Βʹɼ౔৕ਫ෼ώεςϦγε‫ۂ‬ઢͷϞσϧʹΩϡ΢

ෝ೚ઌ͸ʰ೶஍଄੒ֶʱͱ͍͏‫Ͱࣨڀݚ‬ɼ౔৕৵৯ΛϦ༿ͷ੒௕‫ۂ‬ઢΛద߹ͤ͞ΔࢼΈΛߦ͍·ͨ͠ɽ‫ؾ‬ԹͷϝΠϯʹ‫͍ͯ͠ڀݚ‬Δͱ͜ΖͰͨ͠ɽ౔৕෺ཧͷଆ໘͔ཤྺʹΑͬͯ੒௕‫ۂ‬ઢ͕ҟͳΔ͜ͱΛੜ௕ϞσϧͰࣔ͠1 ‫۝‬भେֶ໊༪‫ڭ‬त

2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 21 ೔डߘɹ 2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 30 ೔डཧ·ͨ͠ɽ1990 ೥ࠒʹ͸ɼCCD Χϝϥ͕ී‫ͨ͠·͖ͯ͠ٴ‬ɽͦ

52౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)͜Ͱɼը૾ॲཧٕज़ΛԠ༻ͯ͠ɼैདྷͷख๏ΑΓਫ਼౓ͷ

Ζ͏ͱܾ৺͠ɼͰ͖Δ͚ͩ TDR ͷ‫ܭ‬ଌͷ৔໘ʹ৮ΕΔߴ͍ࠜ௕ͷଌఆ๏ΛఏҊ͠·ͨ͠ɽΑ͏ʹ͠·ͨ͠ɽ

Ҏ্ͷΑ͏ʹɼ౔৕෺ཧͷ஌ࣝ΍޻ֶతͳٕज़Λ‫࢖ۦ‬ୈೋͷ໨ඪ͸ɼա‫͍͓ͯʹڈ‬ௗऔେֶͰࢦಋͨ͠ଔ‫ۀ‬ͯ͠ɼ‫ࣨڀݚ‬ͷํ਑ʹԊ͏ੜ෺‫ʹڥ؀‬औΓ૊ΜͰ͖·͠࿦จɼՊ‫ݚ‬ͷใࠂॻɼࣗ෼ͷ࿨จͷ࿦จͳͲΛӳ༁͢Δ͕ͨɼ࣍ୈʹ‫ݶ‬քΛ‫͡ײ‬༕ᓔͳ‫ؾ‬෼ʹͳ͍͖ͬͯ·ͨ͠ɽ͜ͱʹ͠·͕ͨ͠ɼ͜Ε͸ 5 ϲ݄΄ͲͰ੒͠ऴ͑·ͨ͠ɽͦΜͳ͋Δ೔ɼͭ·Β͵͜ͱ͔Β্࢘ͱͷؔ܎͕͞Β͜ΕΒͷ༁จ͸ɼ‫ޙࠃؼ‬ͷӳ‫ޠ‬࿦จͱͯ͠࢓্͛ΔͨΊʹ͜͡Εͯ͠·͍·ͨ͠ɽൺֱతด࠯ࣾձΛ‫ܗ‬੒͢Δେ

ͷ૲ߘͱͳΔ΋ͷͰͨ͠ɽֶͰ͸ྑ͘ฉ͘࿩Ͱ͸͋Γɼৄࡉ͸͜͜Ͱ͸ॻ͘͜ͱ͸໨ඪΛ΄΅ୡ੒͠‫͢ࠃؼ‬Δ͜ͱʹͳΓ·͕ͨ͠ɼ࠶ͼͰ͖·ͤΜ͕ɼ͍͟౰ࣄऀʹͳͬͯ‫ཱݽ‬ঢ়ଶʹ͓͔ΕΔ

҉͍ੜ‫ʹ׆‬໭Δͷ͔ͱࢥ͏ͱ༕ᓔʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɽ‫ޙࠃؼ‬ͱɼਫ਼ਆతʹͱͯ΋ͭΒ͍΋ͷͰͨ͠ɽͦͷͨΊɼେֶ͸ɼด͡᝷Γͷੜ‫׆‬ͷதͰɼ࿦จͷ࢓্͛ɼࡶࢽ΁ͷ౤Ͱ͸΄ͱΜͲࣗ෼ͷ෦԰ʹด͜͡΋͍ͬͯ·ͨ͠ɽߘɼࠃࡍձٞ΁ͷൃද‫ߘݪ‬ͷ࡞੒ͳͲɼ౔৕෺ཧ΁ͷ෮ࢲ͸ɼઌߦ͖ෆ໌ͷ҉ͯ͘௕͍τϯωϧʹೖͬͯ͠·͍·ͨ͠ɽͦ͜Ͱɼߐ‫࣌ށ‬୅ͷ‫ੈܦ‬Ոྛࢠฏʹ฿ͬͯɼࣗᅑతʹ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳՎΛ࡞Γ·ͨ͠ɽʰۚ΋ͳ͘ɹਓͳ͘෺ͳ͘ɹࢴ΋ͳ͠ɹࣗ༝΋ͳ͚Ε‫ؼ‬Λੵ‫ۃ‬తʹਐΊ·ͨ͠ɽ1995 ೥ɼಥવϝΩγίߦ͖ͷ࿩͕ඈͼࠐΜͰ͖·ͨ͠ɽࠃࡍ‫ஂۀࣄྗڠ‬ʢJICA) ͷϓϩδΣΫτͰᕲᕱͷࢦಋΛߦ͏୹‫ظ‬ઐ໳Ո΁ͷ༠͍Ͱͨ͠ɽ‫ ͔ۇ‬4 Χ݄ͷ଺ࡏ͹ɹࢮʹͨ͘΋ͳ͠ʱͰ͕ͨ͠ɼϦʔμʔͷ͓ӄͰɼਓੜͰҰ൪ָ͍࣌ؒ͠Λਅʹɼ࿡ແࡈͰ͢ɽ
ʮࢴ΋ͳ͠ʯ͸ɼ࿦จͷ਺͕গͳ͍ͱ

ա͢͜͝ͱ͕Ͱ͖·ͨ͠ɽ‫ݱ‬஍͸‫ס‬૩஍Ͱɼେ൒ͷॅຽ͍͏ҙຯͰ͢ɽ಄ࢁຬͷ࣍ͷ‫ݴ‬༿͸ɼࢲʹ༐‫ؾ‬Λ༩͑ͯ͸Ԙͷੜ࢈ʹ‫ܞ‬Θ͍ͬͯ·͕ͨ͠ɼ໰୊͸ੜ઱໺ࡊ͕ೖ

͘Ε·ͨ͠ɽ

खͰ͖ͳ͍͜ͱͰͨ͠ɽͦ͜ͰϓϩδΣΫτͷ໨త͸ɼʰଠཅͷޫً͕͚͹‫ܬ‬ͷޫ͸ফ͑ͯ͠·͏ɹՐछ͕‫ڧ‬‫ݱ‬஍ʹదͨ͠໺ࡊͷੜ࢈ٕज़Λఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ͜ͱͰͨ͠ɽ޾

͚Ε͹Ր͸೩্͕͑ΔɹҰਓͰ‫ͯډ‬΋ྜ͘͠ͳ͍உʹӡʹ΋‫ݱ‬஍ʹ͸ TDR ͷέʔϒϧςελʔ͕͢Ͱʹ४උͳΕʱ͞Ε͍ͯ·ͨ͠ɽͦΕ͸౰࣌೔ຊͰ͸΄ͱΜͲ‫ݟ‬ΒΕͳࢲ͸౔৕෺ཧͷ‫ʹڀݚ‬෮‫͢ؼ‬Δ͜ͱʹܾΊɼ1993 ೥ʹ͍୅෺Ͱͨ͠ɽാ஍ͷᕲਫ‫ܭ‬ըࡦఆͷͨΊʹɼ‫ݱ‬஍ͷօཹֶ͢Δ͜ͱΛܾ৺͠·ͨ͠ɽ‫ؒظ‬͸൒೥Ͱɼ‫ܦ‬අ͸ࣗͱҰॹʹͳͬͯ໺ࡊͷੜҭதͷ౔৕ਫ෼‫ܭ‬ଌΛߦ͍·͠අͰͨ͠ɽཹֶઌͰ͋ΔΧφμͷେֶͷઌੜ͔ΒडೖΕͨɽTDR ‫ܭ‬ଌʹ͋ͨͬͯ͸ɼΧφμͰಘͨ஌͕ࣝ໾ཱͪ

ͷ‫ڐ‬Մ͕ಘΒΕɼ਎෼͸๚໰‫ڀݚ‬һͰͨ͠ɽ࠷ॳɼ্࢘

·ͨ͠ɽ͸ࢲͷཹֶʹ೉৭Λࣔ͠·͕ͨ͠ɼઌํ͔ΒडೖΕ‫ڐ‬Մ͕ಧ͍͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛ஌Γɼौʑঝ୚͠·ͨ͠ɽ೿‫͕ݣ‬ऴΘΓɼ‫͍҉ͼ࠶ͯ͠ࠃؼ‬ੜ‫·͕࢝׆‬Γ·ͨ͠ɽҰਓɼ෦԰ʹ᝷ΓɼϝΩγίͰߦͬͨ࢓ࣄͷ੔ཧΛߦ͏౰࣌ɼࢲ͸ 45 ࠽Ͱ͕ͨ͠੨೥ͷΑ͏ʹ৺༂ΓɼಌΕͷͱͱ΋ʹɼࠃࡍձٞʹԠื͠ɼ౒Ίͯւ֎ʹग़ு͢ΔΑ

ւ֎ཹֶͰͨ͠ɽ͜ͷཹֶ͸ɼࢲʹͱͬͯ͸ɼഎਫͷਞ͏ʹ͠·ͨ͠ɽͦͷ͏ͪʹɼ͜Ε·Ͱͷ‫׆‬ಈ͕ೝΊΒΕͰͨ͠ɽ΋͠ཹֶͰಘΒΕΔ΋ͷ͕ͳ͘ɼ‫ͨ৽ʹޙࠃؼ‬͍͔ͨͤɼTDR ͷ՝୊ͰՊֶ‫ڀݚ‬අ͕࠾୒͞ΕɼͦΕʹͳ‫ڀݚ‬ͷಓ‫͕ے‬ඳ͚ͣɼ࿦จൃද΋Ͱ͖ͳ͍ঢ়ଶʹͳΔ

Αͬͯɼ೦‫ئ‬ͷ TDR έʔϒϧςελʔΛߪೖ͢Δ͜ͱͱɼ‫ͯ͠ͱऀڀݚ‬ͷੜ໋͕ઈͨΕΔ͜ͱʹͳΓ·͢ɽग़͕Ͱ͖·ͨ͠ɽ‫ڀݚ‬ΛਐΊΔʹ͋ͨΓɼԿΛ͢΂͖͔ͱൃʹ͋ͨΓɼཹֶதʹୡ੒͢΂͖໨ඪΛ‫͛ܝ‬Δ͜ͱʹ͠ࢥҊ͠·ͨ͠ɽTDR ͷ‫ݪ‬ཧ͸ి‫͓͍ͯͮجʹֶ޻ؾ‬Γɼ·ͨ͠ɽਁಁྲྀͷ‫ʹڀݚ‬ॏ఺Λஔ͍͖ͯͨࢲʹͱͬͯ͸೉ղͳ΋·ͣ͸ɼ৽ͨͳ‫ڀݚ‬Λ࢝ΊΔͨΊͷ஌ࣝΛ‫ٵ‬ऩͯ͘͠Δ͜ͱʹ͠·ͨ͠ɽେֶͷ๚໰ઌ͸ɼʰ౔஍ࢿ‫ݯ‬Պֶʱͱ͍͏ֶՊͰͨ͠ɽͦ͜Ͱग़ձͬͨͷ͕ɼ࣌ؒྖҬ൓ࣹ๏ͷͰͨ͠ɽ‫ݪ‬ཧతͳ‫ڀݚ‬ΛࢼΈͯ΋ɼ͏্͕͕ͩͭΒͳ͍ͱࢥ͍ɼηϯαʔͷ‫ܗ‬ঢ়ʹؔͯ͠৽ͨͳಓΛ୳Ζ͏ͱ
͠·ͨ͠ɽ

ʢTDRʣʹΑΔ౔৕ਫ෼ · Ԙ෼ͷ‫ܭ‬ଌ๏Ͱ͢ɽ࣭࠭౔৕Ͱ

TDR ηϯαʔ͸௨ৗ 10 ∼ 30 cm ͷ 2 ຊͷۚଐ๮͕࢖

͸ɼਫ෼‫ܭ‬ଌʹ͓͍ͯߍਖ਼͕ඞཁͰͳ͍ͱ͍͏ར఺͕͋

ΘΕ͍ͯ·ͨ͠ɽ‫ܭ‬ଌ͞Εͨਫ෼͸ͦͷେ͖͞ͷൣғͷΔ͜ͱ͔Βɼੈքͷ‫͕ऀڀݚ‬஫໨͠ɼ͢ͰʹԤถͰ͸ਫฏ‫ۉ‬஋ͱΈͳ͞Ε·͢ͷͰɼ΋ͬͱখ͍͞ൣғͷਫ෼Λ෼‫ܭ‬ଌͷେ൒͕͜Εʹऔͬͯ୅Θ͍ͬͯ·ͨ͠ɽࢲ͸ɼ‫ܭ‬ଌ͍ͨ͠৔߹ɼͦͷηϯαʔ͸࢖͑·ͤΜɽͦ͜Ͱɼ࠷௿‫ ݶ‬TDR ʹؔ͢Δ஌ࣝͱ‫ܭ‬ଌ๏ʹ͍ͭͯख़ୡͯ͠‫ؼ‬

TDR ͷখ‫ܕ‬ͷηϯαʔΛ։ൃ͢Δ͜ͱʹ͠·ͨ͠ɽ·ࠃࡍ౔৕೥ಛूɹ౔ཻࢠɿՐछɹ— ౔৕෺ཧֶ΁ͷಓ —53ͨɼ౔৕ΧϥϜਁಁ࣮‫༻ݧ‬ͷΧϥϜηϯαʔ΍஍ද෇ۙͨɽए͍‫ऀڀݚ‬ͷൃలΛ‫͠ͱͼت‬ɼ൴ΒͷજࡏೳྗͷՄͷৄࡉͳਫ෼෼෍‫ܭ‬ଌͷͨΊͷηϯαʔͳͲͷ։ൃ΋ࢼೳੑΛ஌Γ͑ͨ͜ͱ͸ԿΑΓ΋͏Ε͍͜͠ͱͰͨ͠ɽ

Έ·ͨ͠ɽ͜ΕΒͷ‫ڀݚ‬͸ɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬ϙευΫ‫ڀݚ‬һͷ‫ڠ‬ྗʹΑΓɼ‫׬‬੒͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·ͨ͠ɽ҉͍ੜ‫׆‬͸ɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬΋ଓ͖ɼ৺ஔ͖ͳ͘‫ʹڀݚ‬औΓ૊ΊΔঢ়‫ͳͱگ‬Δ·Ͱ 10 ೥΄Ͳͷࡀ݄Λཁ͠·ͨ͠ɽ݁TDR ͷ೾‫ܗ‬ղੳʹΑΓɼ༠ి཰͕ҟͳΔ‫ڥ‬քͷҐஔΛՌతʹ͸ɼ‫ڀݚཱͨ͠ݽ‬ੜ‫׆‬͸ࣗ෼Λฃཱ͍ͨͤɼ‫ڀݚ‬ଌఆͰ͖Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔͍ͬͯ·ͨ͠ɽͦͷԠ༻ͱͯ͠ɼʹ೤த͢Δͷʹे෼ͳ࣌ؒΛ༩͑ͯ͘Ε·ͨ͠ɽͦΕʹਁ५લઢͷҐஔɼ௜఼౔৕ͱਫͱͷ‫ڥ‬քͷҐஔɼ஍Լਫ

Αͬͯɼ޷͖ͳ࿦จΛಡΈɼ‫ڀݚ‬ͷઌ୺෦෼Λ஌Γɼࣗͷ୶ਫͱԘਫͷ‫ڥ‬քͷҐஔͳͲΛ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ‫ڀݚ‬ΛϙευΫ

෼ͷਐΉ΂͖ํ޲ΛఆΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·ͨ͠ɽࠓৼΓฦͷ‫ڀݚ‬һͱ‫ڞ‬ಉͰਐΊ·ͨ͠ɽ࣮༻Խʹ͸·ͩద͍·ͤΓ·͢ͱɼͦΕ͸ࢲ͕౔৕෺ཧֶऀͱཱͯ֬͢͠ΔͨΊΜͰ͕ͨ͠ɼ‫ૅج‬త‫ͱ·ͯ͠ͱڀݚ‬ΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͠ͷඞཁͳಓͰ͔͋ͬͨ΋͠Ε·ͤΜɽ瞨瞨瞨瞨஑୞瞨瞨瞨潴潿潯潙潞潜瞨瞨瞨瞨瞨瞨瞨ଅယ矤੟৶ਙ硯ਕৼীഘ硰矤೾৒知瞩૎ಁ৓矠ଅ矛矅砀砈矾砀ఐ৾৓矡瞨瞨瞨瞨瞨瞨ষ瞼৯਍砈ଖ瞾矜矅砂矴矏瞪瞨瞨瞨瞨瞨瞨瞨జਟ矁矿৷瞺矿砂矜矃矕潝潜潜澚澙矤ଅယ఼਄৷砡砐砈潠଻ઞ৷矍਀ಽ矁矿瞨瞨瞨瞨瞨瞨潞潜澐澚矴矝矤ଅယ砈఼਄লਟ码矾瞼矡੝ଐ矍矕矸矤矝矏瞪瞨瞨瞨瞨瞨瞨瞨ල೶矝ಖ২矤ৈ瞺૥મ఼਄砈ষ瞺৒਋৓矠ଅယ矤੟৶ਙ硐砹砭硘硡砞砈瞨瞨瞨瞨瞨瞨ষ瞼矉矞矝瞩৳਷ਙ瞩ৢਞਙ矤砾硗硡砧矂਄砂矕ଅ矛矅砀砈ষ瞼矉矞矂矝矃矴矏瞪䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䈜ᮏ〇ရ䛿䠄⊂䠅㎰ᴗ⎔ቃᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䛸䛾ඹྠ◊✲䛻䜘䜛ᡂᯝ䛷䛩䚹瞨瞨ଲୗ୿ਲ਼੪ম੾঵৖䠉 ᘢ♫䝩䞊䝮䝨䞊䝆 ǁǁǁ͘ĨƵũŝǁĂƌĂͲƐĐ͘ĐŽ͘ũƉ঺ ‫ٿ‬潝潝潠潙潝潝潠潙潜潜潞潠 ূ਎੃ਨયਧ砟ਉ潝ূ਎੃ਨયਧ砟ਉ潝潙潠潢潙潠潢潙潝潢澀潱潸潌潜潟潙澀潱潸潌潜潟潙潟潥潝潤潙
潟潥潝潤潙潤潝潝潝潌潲潭澄潌潜潟潙潤潝潝潝潌潲潭澄潌潜潟潙潟潥潝潤潙
潟潥潝潤潙潤潝潝潥૸୴ ੾঵ਚ 澀潱潸潌潜潠潟潤潙澀潱潸潌潜潠潟潤潙潢潠潙潢潠潙潜潤潜潜潌潲潭澄潌潜潠潟潤潙
潜潤潜潜潌潲潭澄潌潜潠潟潤潙潢潠潙潢潠潙潜潤潞潜
矚矅矦੾঵ਚ 澀潱潸潌潜潞潥潙澀潱潸潌潜潞潥潙潤潠潜潙潤潠潜潙潝潞潡潜潌潲潭澄潌潜潞潥潙潝潞潡潜潌潲潭澄潌潜潞潥潙潤潠潜潙潤潠潜潙潝潞潡潡

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 131, p.55 ∼ 57 (2015)౔৕෺ཧ͔Βᕲᕱഉਫɼᕲᕱഉਫ͔Β౔৕෺ཧதଜެਓ 1ࠃࡍ౔৕೥ʹ౰ͨͬͯͷ͜ͷ‫ا‬ըʹରͯ͠ɼࢲͷΑ͏ԿͷͨΊʹ੒૚Խͤ͞ɼ͜Ε͕ ATES ͷٕज़ʹͲͷΑ͏ͳ౔৕෺ཧֶͷੈքͰͳʹ΋ͳ͍͑ͯ͠ͳ͍ऀ͕Ҿ͖डʹͭͳ͕͍ͬͯ͘ͷ͔Λશ͘ཧղ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͣʹ͍͚ͯΑ͔ͬͨͷͩΖ͏͔ɼ͓அΓ͢΂͖Ͱ͸ͳ͔ͬͨΖͨɽͨͩɼ͜ͷ࣮‫ݧ‬Λʮ͓΋͠Ζ͍ʯͱ‫͡ײ‬ɼଓ͚ΒΕ͏͔ͱେ͍ʹ൓লͨ࣍͠ୈͰ͋Δ͕ɼ‫ޙ‬໭Γ΋Ͱ͖ͣɼͨͷ͸ɼԹ౓ͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽ͕ Fig. 1 ͷΑ͏ͳ܏޲Λࣔͨ͠

͋Δ͕··ɼ౔৕෺ཧʹؔΘ͖ͬͯͨ‫ܦ‬ҢΛৼΓฦΓɼ͔ΒͰ͋Δɽલ߸ͷಉಛूʹ͓͍ͯɼߔ‫ޱ‬উઌੜ͕ૼப

͜Ε͔Βͷ͜ͱʹ͍ͭͯߟ͑ͯΈ͍ͨɽͷͰ͖Δॠؒͷ஍ԹมԽΛࣔ͞Ε͓ͯΓʢߔ‫ޱ‬ɼ2015ʣɼ౔৕தͷ೤ · ਫ෼Ҡಈ࣮‫ݧ‬͜ΕΛগ͠ਅࣅ͢ΔΑ͏Ͱ੣ʹ‫ڪ‬ॖͰ͋Δ͕ɼ‫ڵ‬ຯਂ͍౔৕෺ཧͷ‫ͱڀݚ‬ͷग़ձ͍͸ 4 ճੜʹͳͬͯɼ͔ΜมԽΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δɽͭ·Γɼ25 ◦ C Ұఆ৚͔݅Βɼ্୺͕͍ഉਫֶ‫ॴʹࣨڀݚ‬ଐ͠ɼଔ‫ۀ‬࿦จͷςʔϚΛܾΊͨ

Λ 50 ◦ CɼԼ୺Λ 0 ◦ C ʹઃఆ͢Δͱɼਂ͞ 3.5 cm ͷԹͱ͖ʹ૎Δɽ‫ڭ‬तʹԿʹऔΓ૊Έ͍͔ͨΛ໰ΘΕɼാ஍౓͸Ұ୴্ঢͯ͠ɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬௿Լ͠ɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼ࠶ͼ্ঢʹᕲᕱ͋Δ͍͸஍Լਫʹؔ͢Δ͜ͱΛ͍ͨ͠ͱ౴͑ͨͱ͜

స͡ΔͷͰ͋ΔɽԹ౓ޯ഑͕‫ٯ‬ͷ৔߹͸ɼ͜ͷΑ͏ͳม

Ζɼ౰࣌ɼʮ߱ੵઇରࡦٕज़ͷߴ౓Խʹؔ͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬ʯʢՊԽ͸‫ݟ‬ΒΕͣɼ͋ΔԹ౓ʹ޲͔ͬͯ΄΅୯ௐʹมԽ͢Δ

ֶٕज़ிʣͷҰ‫Ͱࣨڀݚͯ͠ͱ؀‬औΓ૊ΜͰ͍ͨʮଳਫ͚ͩͰ͋Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳಛ௃తͳԹ౓มԽ͸ɼԹ౓ޯ഑

૚೤ΤωϧΪʔஷཹʢAquifer Thermal Energy Storageɿʹ൐͏ਫ෼Ҡಈɼਫ෼Ҡಈʹ൐͏೤తಛੑʢ೤఻ಋ཰΍

ATESʣʯʹ͍ͭͯͷ࣮‫ݧ‬ΛׂΓ౰ͯΒΕͨɽATES ͸஍ମੵ೤༰ྔʣͷมԽɼͦΕʹ൐͏Թ౓৔ͷมԽͱ͍͏ෳ

Լଳਫ૚͕΋ͭେ͖ͳอԹޮՌΛར༻ͨ͠஝೤ٕज़Ͱ͋

ࡶͳϝΧχζϜʹӨ‫͞ڹ‬Εͨ݁ՌͰ͋Δɽ͜ΕΛԿͱ͔

Δɽͨͱ͑͹Ն‫ʹق‬ଠཅ೤΍޻৔ɼൃిॴɼ͝Έম٫৔ϞσϧԽ͍ͨ͠ͱ͍͏͜ͱʹͳͬͨ.

ͳͲͷഉ೤Λར༻ͯ͠ԹΊͨਫΛ஍Լͷଳਫ૚ʹஷཹ͠ϞσϧԽʹ޲͚ͯ

͓͖ͯɼౙ‫͜ʹق‬ΕΛ༲ਫ͠ɼ༥ઇɼϋ΢ε࠿ഓɼՈ԰

Թ౓ޯ഑Լʹ͋Δ౔৕தͷਫ෼Ҡಈɼ೤Ҡಈʹ͍ͭͯஆ๪ͳͲʹར༻͢Δɽ͞Βʹɼ͜ͷͱ͖೤ަ‫͞׵‬Εͯੜ͸͢Ͱʹଟ͘ͷ‫͞ͳ͕ڀݚ‬Ε͓ͯΓɼम࢜՝ఔͷͱ͖ʹɼΈग़͞ΕΔྫྷਫΛଳਫ૚ʹ஫ೖ͓͖ͯ͠ɼ͜ΕΛՆ‫ق‬ͷྫྷ๪೤‫ͯ͠ͱݯ‬ར༻͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δͱ͍͏ࣗવΤωϧ

Philip and de Vriesʢ1957ʣɼde Vriesʢ1958ʣɼSophocleous
ʢ1979ʣɼMillyʢ1982; 1984ʣΛத৺ʹษ‫ͨ͠ڧ‬ɽঃʑʹΪʔར༻ٕज़ͷҰͭͰ͋Δɽ౦೔ຊେ਒ࡂʹ൐͏‫ࣄൃݪ‬վྑ͕Ճ͑ΒΕ͍ͯ͘͜ͱʹʮ͓΋͠Ζ͞ʯΛ‫ͨ͡ײ‬‫ޙނ‬ɼ஍த೤ΤωϧΪʔར༻ͷҰ‫ܗ‬ଶͱͯ͠࠶ͼ஫໨͜͞ͱΛ‫ه‬Ա͍ͯ͠Δɽ࠷ऴతʹ͸ɼҎԼͷΑ͏ͳ MillyΕ͍ͯΔɽ࣮‫ܥݧ‬͸͢Ͱʹ૊ΈཱͯΒΕ͓ͯΓɼߴ͞ 1

ʢ1982ʣ͕ಋग़ͨ͠ࢧ഑ํఔࣜΛ༻͍ͯղੳΛߦͬͨɽmɼ಺‫ ܘ‬28.6 cm ͷԁ౵ΧϥϜʹ౔৕Λॆర͠ɼ஍Լਫ

ࣜʢ1ʣ͕ਫ෼Ҡಈɼࣜʢ2ʣ͕೤ҠಈΛද͢ɽѹྗਫ಄໘Λઃఆ্ͨ͠Ͱ্Լ୺ʹԹ౓ޯ഑Λ༩͑ͨͱ͖ͷɼ౔৕தͷԹ౓ͱѹྗਫ಄ͱ೤ϑϥοΫεͷਂ͞͝ͱͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽΛଌఆ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋ͬͨɽ
๛Ӝඪ४࠭ͷΈΛॆర͢Δ৔߹ͷ࣮‫ݧ‬͸ઌഐ͕͢Ͱʹߦ͓ͬͯΓɼ2 ૚ʢ๛Ӝඪ४࠭ͱ૬അᛠ࠭ʣʹ੒૚Խͤ͞ɼ͜ͷॱংΛม࣮͑ͯ‫ݧ‬Λߦ͏͜ͱʹͳ͍ͬͯͨɽ4ճੜ͔ΒେֶӃम࢜՝ఔʹ͔͚ͯɼͻͨ͢Β஍Լͷ࣮‫ݧ‬ࣨʹ᝷΋Γͳ͕Βɼ੒૚Խ৚݅ͱԹ౓ޯ഑৚݅Λม͑ɼղମͱॆరΛ‫܁‬Γฦ͠ɼ1 ͭͷ࣮‫ݧ‬৚݅Ͱ 400 ࣌ؒͷ࣮‫ݧ‬Λߦ͏೔ʑΛաͨ͝͠ɽ͔͠͠ɼ౰ॳ͸ਖ਼௚ͳͱ͜Ζɼ
1 ‫౎ژ‬େֶ೶ֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պ

2015 ೥ 9 ݄ 25 ೔डߘɹ 2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 2 ೔डཧ

Fig. 1 ্୺ 50 ◦ CɼԼ୺ 0 ◦ C ʹઃఆͨ͠ͱ͖ͷ౔৕தͷԹ౓ͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽ (Լ૚ɿ๛Ӝඪ४࠭ɼ্૚ɿ૬അᛠ࠭ʣ
ʢචऀͷଔ‫ۀ‬࿦จΑΓʣ.

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)56

ψ ͱԹ౓ T ͷ 2 ͭͷม਺ͷ࿈ཱภඍ෼ํఔࣜΛղ͘͜Թ౓ґଘੑʹӨ‫͞ڹ‬ΕΔ͕ɼ͜ΕΒ͚ͩͰ͸े෼ʹઆ໌ͱʹͳΔɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼͦͷଞͷม਺ͷઆ໌͸লུͤͯ͞

͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍͜ͱΛ஌ͬͨɽԹ౓ޯ഑Լͷਫৠ‫ؾ‬Ҡಈʹ௖͖͍ͨɽ͍ͭͯ͸ɼԘ୔ণઌੜͷ೶‫౔ۀ‬໦ֶձ౔৕෺ཧ‫ڀݚ‬෦ձͷࢿྉʢԘ୔ɼ1991ʣʹ͋ͬͨؒܺ಺ͷਫৠ‫ͱؾ‬ӷঢ়ਫ



ρv
1−
ρ
⎡ l



n−θ ∂θ∂θ∂ψ+∂ψρl ∂ ψ∂tT⎤ Tn−θ ∂θ
ρv ∂ θ
∂T⎦++⎣ 1−
ρl ∂ ψ
ρl ∂ ψ∂tψͷ॥‫ྲྀ؀‬ͷߟ͑ํʹେ͖͘Ө‫͞ڹ‬Εͨɽ࣮‫ʹݧ‬ରͯ͠ͷϞσϧԽ͸্‫ه‬ͷࣜʢ1ʣɼʢ2ʣΛ༻͍͕ͨɼͳ͔ͳ͔ଌఆ஋Λ࠶‫͢ݱ‬Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͣɼ࠶‫ݱ‬ੑ

(1)ͷ޲্ͷաఔ͔ΒಘΒΕͨɼਫৠ‫਺܎ࢄ֦ؾ‬΍ෆ๞࿨ಁਫ܎਺ͷѻ͍ํʹؔ͢Δ஌‫ݟ‬Λ੔ཧ͢Δ‫ͱ·Ͱܗ‬Ίͯ

ψ

 ∂ψ
∂ 
∂T
K + Dψ v=+ (DTv + DTa )
+K
∂z
∂z
∂z

͍ͬͨɽ
ࠓ͜͏ͯ͠ৼΓฦΔͱɼ‫ݱ‬৅ํఔࣜ΍౔৕ਫ෼ಛੑɼ
ਫৠ‫਺܎ࢄ֦ؾ‬ͷԹ౓ґଘੑͳͲʹ͍ͭͯɼ͞Βʹಥͬ⎡∂ρ⎣C + H1 v
∂T
∂ ρv
+ H1
∂ψ

T

ψ

∂θ
+ H2
∂T

∂θ
+ H2
∂ψ

T

⎤
ψ

ࠐΜͩల։͕Ͱ͖ͨͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ͱ‫͡ײ‬Δɽ

∂T
⎦
∂t

∂ψ
∂t

∂
∂T
(λ + ρl LDTv )
∂z
∂z
 ∂ψ

+ρl LDψ v + gT DTa− cl (T − T0 ) qw∂z

HYDRUS ͱͷؔΘΓϞσϧͷϓϩάϥϜ࡞੒Λߦ͍ͬͯͨ࣌‫ͱͨͬ͋Ͱظ‬ࢥ͏͕ɼ౔৕தͷਫ · ೤ · ༹࣭Ҡಈͷ൚༻ιϑτ΢ΤΞ

(2)

Ͱ͋Δ HYDRUSʢŠimůnek et al., 1998ʣ͕೔ຊͰ΋ੵ‫ۃ‬తʹ঺հ͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨɽ౰࣌ͷόʔδϣϯͰ͸·=ͩਫৠ‫ؾ‬Ҡಈ͕૊Έࠐ·Ε͍ͯͳ͔͕ͬͨɼ༷ʑͳ‫ڥ‬ք৚݅ʹରԠ͠ɼਫͱ೤ʹՃ͑ͯ෺࣭΋ѻ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
࢖͍΍͍͢ιϑτΛ‫ͯݟ‬ɼ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ૊৫తͳऔΓ૊Έʹରͯ͠ɼ‫ݸ‬ਓͰ͸ਖ਼௚͔ͳΘͳ͍ͱ‫ͨ͡ײ‬ɽ͜ͷΑ͏

ҰํɼOnsagerʢ1931a; 1931b) ͷཧ࿦ʹ‫͍ͯͮج‬ෆͳιϑτͱͷ͖͍ͭ͋ํΛߟ͑͟ΔΛಘͳ͔ͬͨɽ

Մ‫ٯ‬աఔͷ೤ྗֶΛ౔৕தͷҠಈ‫ݱ‬৅ʹ౰ͯ͸ΊΑ͏

ॴଐ͢Δ‫ࣨڀݚ‬͸ᕲᕱഉਫ෼໺Λର৅ͱ͠ɼਫจֶ΍ͱͨ͠ɼCary and Taylorʢ1962) ΍ Groenevelt and Bolt౔৕෺ཧֶΛѻ͍ͬͯΔɽ‫ͯ͠ͱࣨڀݚ‬ͷ౰࣌ͷྲྀΕ͕

ʢ1969)ɼJury and Millerʢ1974)ɼPruntyʢ1992) ͱ͍ͬ‫ڥ؀‬ෛՙ࡟‫ܕݮ‬ͷᕲᕱഉਫͷ͋Γํʹͳ͍ͬͯͬͨ͜

ͨ‫ڀݚ‬Λ೉ղͳ͕Β΋ษ‫ͨ͠ڧ‬ɽ͜ͷཧ࿦Ͱ͸‫ʹ಺ܥ‬ෆͱ΋͋Γɼ౔৕தͷ஠ૉಈଶʹऔΓ૊Ή͜ͱͱͳͬͨɽ

Մ‫ٯ‬աఔΛҾ͖‫ݪ͢͜ى‬ҼͱͳΔ΋ͷɼͨͱ͑͹ɼԹ౓͜Ε·Ͱ࣮‫ݧ‬ാΛาΜͰ͖ͨͨΊʹɼ·ͣ͸ࣨ಺࣮‫ݧ‬ޯ഑ɼೱ౓ޯ഑ɼి‫ޯؾ‬഑ͳͲΛྗʢforceʣXi ͱ໊෇Λߦͬͨɽാ஍౔৕Λ૝ఆͯ͠ɼͱ͘ʹ঳Խաఔʹண໨͚ɼͦͷྗʹΑͬͯ೤ͷྲྀΕɼ෺࣭֦ࢄɼిྲྀͳͲͷྲྀ͠ɼංྉͷ෼ࢪ͕஠ૉ༹୤ʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫͍ͯͭʹڹ‬ௐ΂ͨɽΕʢﬂowʣJi ͕Ҿ͖‫͜͞ى‬ΕΔͱߟ͑ɼଟ͘ͷ৔߹ɼ1 ͭ͜ͷղੳΛߦ͏ͨΊʹ༻͍ͨͷ͕ɼઌड़ͨ͠ HYDRUS

ͷྗ͕ಉ࣌ʹଟ͘ͷྲྀΕΛҾ͖‫ͯ͠ͱ͢͜ى‬ɼ‫ॴہ‬ฏߧ

Ͱ͋ΔɽΞϝϦΧͰςϩࣄ͕݅͋ͬͨ೥ʹ UC Davis ʹ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ৔߹ɼྲྀΕ͸࣍ࣜͷΑ͏ͳઢ‫ݱܗ‬৅ํఔࣜʹ

1 ೥ؒ଺ࡏ͢Δ‫ػ‬ձΛಘ͕ͨɼ͜ͷͱ͖ʹɼࢦಋ‫ڭ‬त͕Αͬͯද͞ΕΔɽHYDRUS ͷ࢖༻Λ‫ק‬Ίͨ͜ͱ͕େ͖ͳཧ༝Ͱ͋Δɽಉ
Ji = ∑ Li j X j͡ํఔࣜΛղ͘ͷͰ͋Ε͹ɼҰ͔Βࣗ෼Ͱϓϩάϥϛϯ(3)jά͢ΔΑΓ΋ޮ཰తͰ͋Γɼଟ͘ͷ‫ʹऀڀݚ‬Αͬͯ࢖༻͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱΑͬͯόά͕আ͔Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛߟ͑Δ

Li j ͸‫ݱ‬৅܎਺ͱΑ͹ΕΔɽ͜ͷߟ͑ํʹ‫ͱͮ͘ج‬ະ஌ͱɼ‫ࢉܭ‬ͷ‫ޡ‬ටͷϦεΫ΋ආ͚ΒΕΔɽHYDRUS ͰͷͷҠಈ‫ߏػ‬ͷଘࡏΛ༧ଌ͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱʹͳΓɼٙ໰఺Λ࡞ऀͰ͋Δ Šimůnek ‫ڭ‬तʹ௚઀ϝʔϧͰ໰͏ඇৗʹ‫ڵ‬ຯΛͦͦΒΕΔߟ͑ํͰ͕͋ͬͨɼࢲͷೳྗͰ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɼ͙͢ʹमਖ਼࣮ͨ͠ߦϑΝΠϧΛ࡞੒ͯ͠௖

͸ɼ࣮‫݁ݧ‬Ռ΁ͷద߹΁ͷల։Λ‫ݟ‬ग़͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͣɼ

͚ͨ͜ͱ΋େ͖͔ͬͨɽͨͩ͠ɼHYDRUS ͷ࢖༻Λબઌʹࣔͨ͠෺ཧతͳϝΧχζϜʹ‫ࢧ͍ͨͮج‬഑ํఔࣜΛ୒ͨ࣌͠఺Ͱɼ‫ڀݚ‬ͷΦϦδφϦςΟ͸‫ࢉܭ‬ΛԿʹద༻ղ͘͜ͱʹͨ͠ɽ

͠ɼԿΛʢͲͷΑ͏ͳਫ؅ཧ΍ࢪං؅ཧͳͲΛʣఏҊ͢͞ΒʹɼϞσϧʹೖྗ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍༷ʑͳύϥΔͷ͔ͱ͍͏͜ͱʹͳΔɽ͋ΔҙຯͰɼຊ࣭తͳ౔৕෺

ϝʔλͷੑ࣭ʹ͍ͭͯ੔ཧͨ͠ɽͱ͘ʹɼ౔৕ਫ෼ಛੑ

ཧ͔Βᕲᕱഉਫ෼໺΁ࣗ਎ͷςʔϚ͕Ҡߦ͍ͯͬͨ͠ͱ

ͱ౔৕ͷ೤఻ಋ཰ͷԹ౓ґଘੑ΍ਫৠ‫ʹ਺܎ࢄ֦ؾ‬ண໨͍͑Δͷ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɽ͜ΕҎ߱ɼਫాะ৔΍ྲྀҬϨϕͨ͠ɽ౔৕ਫ෼ಛੑʢ౔৕ਫ෼ಛੑ‫ۂ‬ઢͱෆ๞࿨ಁਫ܎

ϧͰͷ‫ڥ؀‬഑ྀ‫ܕ‬ͷਫ؅ཧͷ໰୊ʹγϑτ͠ɼ΋ͬͺΒ਺ʣͷԹ౓ґଘੑ͸ɼਫͷද໘ுྗɼີ౓ɼ೪ੑ܎਺ͷ‫ݱ‬஍ʹ͓͍ͯਫจ · ਫ࣭ௐࠪΛߦ͏Α͏ʹͳͬͨɽࢲʹࠃࡍ౔৕೥ಛूɹ౔ཻࢠɿ౔৕෺ཧ͔Βᕲᕱഉਫɼᕲᕱഉਫ͔Β౔৕෺ཧ57

ͱͬͯ HYDRUS ͱͷग़ձ͍͕‫ڀݚ‬ͷ಺༰ʹ༩͑ͨӨ‫ڹ‬‫ڀ‬Λ‫ݟ‬ग़͍͖͍ͯͨ͠ͱߟ͍͑ͯΔɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹࢥ͑Δ

͸খ͘͞ͳ͍ɽ

ͷ͸ɼम࢜՝ఔʹ͓͍ͯσʔλΛऔΓͳ͕Βɼ͜͜Ͱए

‫ࡏݱ‬ͷ HYDRUS ʹ͸ɼऔग़৳෉ઌੜΛத৺ͱ͢Δ‫঺ׯ‬հͨ͠จ‫ݙ‬ΛಡΜͰษ‫͠ڧ‬ɼ७ਮʹʮ͓΋͠Ζͦ͏ʯํʑͷ੒ՌʹΑͬͯɼ༷ʑͳ৽͍͠஌‫͕ݟ‬ஞ࣍૊Έࠐ·ͱ‫͡ײ‬Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖͓͔ͨ͛Ͱ͋Δͱ‫͍ͯ͡ײ‬Δɽ

ΕɼࠓͰ͸ਫৠ‫ؾ‬Ҡಈ΋ߟྀ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢͪͳΈʹɼࢧ഑ํఔࣜ͸ࣜʢ1ʣɼʢ2ʣͱ͸ҟͳΔ΋ͷͰ͋ΔͨΊɼ͜ए͍‫΁ऀڀݚ‬ͷྭΈͱͳΔΑ͏ͳͱ͍͏ҙਤͷ͜ͷಛूͰ͋Δ͕ɼࢲͷ৔߹ɼ൓໘‫ͯ͠ʹࢣڭ‬௖͚Ε͹޾͍Ͱͷҧ͍΋௥‫͍ͯͬࢥͱ͍ͨ͠ٻ‬Δ͕ɼ͢Ͱʹ‫ݕ‬౼ࡁΈ͔͋Δɽ࠷‫ࣥʹޙ‬චͷ‫ػ‬ձΛ༩͑ͯͩͬͨ͘͞౔৕෺ཧֶ

΋͠Εͳ͍ʣɽ2 ࣍‫ݩ‬ɼ3 ࣍‫Ͱݩ‬ͷ‫ࢉܭ‬΋Մೳʹͳͬͨɽձࣄ຿‫ہ‬ͷઌੜํʹ‫ँײ‬ਃ্͛͠Δɽ

౔৕෺ཧͷେ͖ͳபͰ͋Δਫ · ೤ · ෺࣭Ҡಈ‫ݱ‬৅ͷϝΧχζϜͷ஌‫ݟ‬Λ HYDRUS ʹू໿͍ͤͯ͘͜͞ͱ͸ɼ͜Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬

ͷ෼໺ʹͱͬͯඇৗʹ༗༻ͳ͜ͱͰ͋Γɼಉ࣌ʹɼ͜ΕΛ༻͍͍ͯΖ͍Ζͳपล෼໺ʢᕲᕱഉਫ΍‫ڥ؀‬෼໺ͳͲʣ
΁ͷద༻ՄೳੑΛ͍ࣔͯ͘͜͠ͱ΋ඞཁͳ͜ͱͰ͋Δͱ
ߟ͍͑ͯΔɽ
Ұਓͷਓ͕ؒશͯͷ͜ͱΛͰ͖ΔΘ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍ͨΊɼ݁‫ہ‬ͷͱ͜Ζɼࣗ਎ͷ໾ׂΛͲ͜ʹஔ͔͘ͱ͍͏͜ͱʹ
ͳΖ͏͕ɼࢲࣗ਎͸ HYDRUS ͱͷग़ձ͍ʹΑͬͯɼະ஌ͷϝΧχζϜͷղ໌ͱͦͷϞσϧԽʹରͯ͠ͷ୳‫͔ٻ‬Βঃʑʹ཭Εɼ‫ط‬஌ͷϝΧχζϜͷ஌‫ݟ‬Λ‫ͨ͠ʹج‬Ԡ༻෼໺΁ͷద༻໰୊ʹҠߦ͠ɼ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷࣗ෼ͷ໾ׂ͸͜͜ʹ͋Δͱ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰ͋Ζ͏ɽ͔͠͠ҰํͰɼ‫ͨऀڀݚ‬ΔऀɼͰ͖͍͋ͷιϑτΛ༻͍ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɼࣗ਎ͰϞσϧԽΛߏஙͰ͖ΔΑ͏ͳ‫ݚ‬‫ڀ‬ςʔϚΛઃఆ͍ͨ͠ɼम࢜՝ఔͷࠒʹ‫౔͍ͨͯ͡ײ‬৕෺ཧຊདྷͷʮ͓΋͠Ζ͞ʯͷதʹ΋͏Ұ౓਎Λஔ͍ͯΈ͍ͨͱ͍͏ࢥ͍΋͋Δɽࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷࢲʹͱͬͯͷ౔৕෺ཧ໰୊ղܾ‫ܕ‬ͷ‫͕ڀݚ‬ॏཁࢹ͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳΓɼ‫ط‬ଘͷ༏ΕͨϞσϧͷར༻ͷ༗ޮੑ͸૿͍ͯ͠ΔΑ͏ʹࢥΘΕΔɽ͜͏ͨ͠தɼࠃࡍతʹ޿͘ར༻͞ΕΔϞσϧ͕ఆ·Γͭͭ͋Δɽ͜ΕΒͷߏங΍վྑʹରͯ͠ɼ೔ຊ͕ੵ
‫ۃ‬తʹίϛοτ͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱ΋ॏཁͰ͋Ζ͏ɽͱ͘ʹɼ౦ΞδΞɼ౦ೆΞδΞ஍Ҭಛ༗ͷਫాʹ΋ରԠͰ͖Δ
Α͏ʹ͢ΔͨΊͷΞϓϩʔν͸ੵ‫ۃ‬తʹൃ৴͢΂͖Ͱ
͋Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ౔৕෺ཧֶͰͷ HYDRUS ͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ɼಉ༷ͷ͜ͱ͸ɼ஍ԼਫֶͰͷ MODFLOWɼਫจֶͰͷ SWATʢSoil and Water Assessment Toolʣɼ‫ؾ‬৅ֶͰͷ WRF ModelʢWeather Research and Forecasting

Modelʣɼ෺࣭॥‫Ͱֶ؀‬ͷ DNDC ModelʢDeNitriﬁcationDeComposition ModelʣͳͲʹ͍ͭͯ΋͍͑Δͱߟ͍͑ͯΔɽ͔͠͠ɼࢲͱͯ͠͸ɼࠓ‫ޙ‬΋ᕲᕱഉਫʹؔΘΔ໰୊ʹऔΓ૊Έͳ͕Βɼͦͷத͔Βʮ͓΋͠Ζ͍ʯ౔৕෺ཧ‫ݚ‬

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35–37ɽ

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 131, p.59 ∼ 61 (2015)౔৕ͷதʹ‫ͨݟ‬খӉ஦৿ɹ໵ੇࢤ 1͸͡Ίʹ͘ ͜ ͱ ͕ Ͱ ͖ ɼ೔ ༵ ͷ ૣ ே ʹ Ξ ϝ Ϧ Χ ϯ ϙ ο ϓ ε Λ౔৕͸஍‫཮ٿ‬Ҭͷ࠷ද૚Λ෴͍ɼ‫ڥ؀‬ͷมԽΛܰ‫͞ݮ‬American Top 40 Ͱฉ͘ͷ͕೔՝ͩͬͨɽ͔ࣖΒೖͬͤɼਫ΍৯ྉ͕ಘΒΕΔ‫و‬ॏͳྖҬͰ͋Δͱࢲ͸ߟ͑ͯͨӳ‫ֶޠ‬श͸ࠓʹੜ͖͍ͯΔͱࢥ͍ͬͯΔɽͳ͔ͳ͔΋

͍Δɽࢲ͕౔৕෺ཧͷੈքʹ଍Λ౿ΈೖΕΔ·Ͱͷ‫ܦ‬ҢͷʹͳΒͳ͍͕ . . .

͸ɼܾͯ͠΄ΊΒΕͨ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ɽ͔͠͠ɼి‫ؾ‬ɼ஍Ճ͑ͯɼ஍‫ · ٿ‬Ӊ஦΍ϩέοτͷ͜ͱ͕ͱͯ΋޷͖Ͱɼ‫ · ٿ‬Ӊ஦ɼӳ‫ͦͲͳޠ‬Ε·ͰʹֶΜͰ͖ͨଟ͘ͷ΋ͷ͕ͪΐ͏ͲϘΠδϟʔͱύΠΦχΞ͕໦੕΍౔੕ʹ઀ۙ͢༗‫ػ‬తʹ݁ͼ͖ͭɼ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷࣗ෼Λ౔৕Λର৅ͱ͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬ΔࠒͩͬͨͷͰɼΘ͘Θ͘͠ͳ͕Β৽ฉ΍ࡶࢽΛಡΜͰऀͨΒ͠Ί͍ͯΔɽ౔৕ͷॏཁੑʹ͍ͭͯࢲͳΓͷํ๏͍ͨͷΛ͍֮͑ͯΔɽCOSMOS ্Լ‫ר‬ɼࣸਅूશ 4 ‫ר‬Ͱ৘ใൃ৴͍ͯ͠Δ͕ɼ͜ͷ౓ɼ‫و‬ॏͳ‫ػ‬ձΛ௖͍ͨͷ͸ࠓ΋࣮Ոʹ͓͍ͯ͋Δɽ

Ͱɼ͜͜ʹࢸΔ‫ܦ‬Ңͱࢥ͍Λ‫ͯ͠ه‬ΈΔ͜ͱʹͨ͠ɽϥδΦগ೥ · Ӊ஦গ೥ࢲ͕‫ऀڀݚ‬ͷಓʹ଍Λ౿ΈೖΕΔͷʹɼଟ෼খ͍͞ࠒ
ͷ‫ͳ͔͕ݧܦ‬ΓӨ‫͍ͯ͠ڹ‬ΔͱࢥΘΕΔͷͰ͔ͦ͜Β࿩Λ࢝ΊΔɽ࢒೦ͳ͕Βࢲͷগ೥࣌୅ʹ౔৕͸ొ৔͠ͳ͍ɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹٛ຿‫ڭ‬ҭ͕ऴΘΔࠒʹ͸ɼ‫΁ڀݚ‬ͷؔ৺ɼࡉ͔͍޻࡞͕ಘҙͰ͋Δ͜ͱɼӳ‫΁ޠ‬ͷ‫ڵ‬ຯɼͱ͍͏‫ݱ‬ࡏͷ࢟੎ͷ‫ܗ͕ݩ‬੒͞Ε͍ͯͨɽ෺ཧతʹ΋ͷΛߟ͑Δ
ͷ͕޷͖ͰɼՊֶΛࢤ͍ͨ͠ͱࢥ͍ͬͯͨɽ
·ͩɼ౔৕͸ొ৔͠ͳ͍ɽ
ϓϩҙࣝখ͍͞ࠒ͔Β࣮‫ݧ‬΍޻࡞͕޷͖ͩͬͨɽՆ‫ٳ‬ΈͷυϦ͜Ε·ͰͷΘ͘Θ͘ͱֶ‫ۀ‬͸গ͠ҧͬͯɼߴߍͷࠒ͔ϧษ‫ڧ‬͸݄̓தʹશ෦͢·ͤɼ8 ݄͍ͬͺ͍͔͚ͯࣗ༝

ΒͦΕ͕ո͘͠ͳͬͯ͘Δɽ͍ΘΏΔਐֶߍͷதͰɼࣗ‫ڀݚ‬Λ͢Δͷ͕޷͖ͩͬͨɽখ 3 ͷ࣌ʹͻΑ͜ͷମॏΛ෼ΑΓ͔ͳΓͰ͖Δ࿈த͕͍Δ͜ͱΛ໨ͷ౰ͨΓʹ͠ɼྔΓଓ͚ɼεέονͱ‫ʹڞ‬੒௕‫ه‬࿥Λ͚ͭͨʮͻΑ͜ͷͻͱͱ͓Γͷ࠳ંΛ‫ͨ͠ݧܦ‬ɽࣗ෼͸Կ͕͍ͨ͠ͷ͔͔ͣΜͭ͞ʯ͕ϢχʔΫͩͱઌੜʹ΄Ίͯ௖͖ɼ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ͓͍ͿΜ೰Μ͕ͩɼ෼໺ͱ‫͏ݴ‬ΑΓɼ‫ڀݚ‬Λ͢ΔਓੜΛબ΋͠Ζ͞Λ࠷ॳʹ஌ͬͨɽްखʹ‫͑ݟ‬Δ޿ࠂ͕ೞΕΔͱ

ͼ͔ͨͬͨͷͰɼখ͍͞ࠒ͔Β஌͍ͬͯͨ‫౎ژ‬େֶΛΊҾͬுΓʹऑ͍͜ͱΛ‫͚ͨͭݟ‬ʮࢴͷ‫͞ڧ‬ʯɼ‫ؾ‬ମ΍ӷମ͟͠ɼ೶ֶ෦ʹೖͬͨɽ͔͠͠ɼ͍·ͻͱͭษ‫ʹڧ‬਎͕ͷ೤๲ுΛ࢖ͬͨʮԹ౓‫ܭ‬ʯͳͲɼখֶߍΛଔ‫͢ۀ‬Δࠒ

ೖΒͳ͔ͬͨɽ

ʹ͸কདྷ‫ڀݚ‬Λ͢Δ৬ʹब͖͍ͨͱࢥ͍ͬͯͨɽిࢠ޻

3 ճੜͰ೶ਫলͷΠϯλʔϯγοϓΛ‫ͨ͠ݧܦ‬ɽஓ಺࡞͕޷͖Ͱɼ͸Μͩͯ͝ΛѲͬͯϥδΦΛ࡞Γɼ԰ࠜʹͰഉਫ࿏ઃ‫ܭ‬Λͯ͠ɼͦ͜ͰॳΊͯϓϩͷੈքΛ‫ݟ‬Δɽ

ొͬͯΞϯςφΛுΓɼԕ͔͘ΒྲྀΕͯ͘Δ์ૹΛฉ͘

10 ෼΋͔͔ͬͯ΋ͨ΋ͨଌྔ‫۩ث‬ͷਾ͑෇͚Λ͢Δେ

ͷ͕޷͖ͩͬͨɽ͜ͷ͜Ζͷిࢠճ࿏ͷ‫ج‬ຊతͳ஌ࣝͱ

ֶੜʹɼ‫ݱ‬৔ٕज़ऀ͸΋ͷͷ 1ɼ2 ෼Ͱਾ͑෇͚Λ͢·ͤిࢠ޻࡞޷͖͕‫ޙ‬ͷηϯαʔٕज़ʹੜ͖ͯ͘ΔɽͯΈͤͨɽٕज़ྗͷࠩʹ͍ܰিܸΛड͚͍ͯΔͱɼʮԶ·ͨɼதֶͷࠒʹ͸ӳ‫͍ؔڧʹޠ‬৺Λ࣋ͪɼ୹೾͔Β౳͸‫ݱ‬৔Ͱ‫ؤ‬ுΔ͔ΒɼܑͪΌΜΒ͸ษ‫ڧ‬Λ΋͏গ͠‫ؤ‬ྲྀΕͯ͘Δւ֎์ૹΛΑ͘ฉ͍ͨɽࢲͷӳ‫ֶޠ‬शͷ‫఺ݪ‬ுΕʯͱ‫ݴ‬ΘΕͨɽͪΐͬͱࣼʹߏ͍͑ͯͨࢲ͸ɼ͜ͷ͸ NHK ϥδΦ‫ૅج‬ӳ‫ ͱޠ‬FENʢthe Far East Networkʣ‫ݴ‬༿Λฉ͍ͯ΋͏গ͜͠ͷಓΛ‫ڀ‬ΊͯΈΑ͏ͱࢥͬͨɽ

Ͱ͋Δɽ஍‫ݩ‬Ѫ஌‫Ͱݝ‬͸ FEN ͸ 3.910 MHz ͷ୹೾Ͱฉ·ͨɼ฼ߍͰ‫ڭ‬ҭ࣮शΛͨ͠ࡍʹɼӳจՊͷֶੜ͕ɼʮӳ

1 ԬࢁେֶେֶӃ‫ڥ؀‬ੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պ

2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 24 ೔डߘɹ 2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 30 ೔डཧจ๏͕ଟগͰ͖Δఔ౓Ͱӳ‫ޠ‬Λ‫ʹ͑ڭ‬དྷΔΜ͡Όͳ͍ɼͪΌΜͱͨ͠ൃԻ΋උ͔͑ͯΒདྷ͍ɽʯͱ‫ڭ‬་ʹ‫͘͠ݫ‬

60౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)‫ݴ‬ΘΕ͍ͯΔͷΛ‫ͯݟ‬ɼʮͦΕͰ൧Λ৯͍ͬͯΔϓϩʯͷ

Δ͕ɼ༧ࢉ͕౰ͨΒͳ͍ɼ‫ܭ͕ڀݚ‬ըతʹਐ·ͳ͍ɼ࿦ଘࡏΛ‫͘ڧ‬ҙࣝ͢Δ͜ͱʹͳͬͨɽ͜ͷ͜Ζࢲࣗ਎͸ɼจ͕ࢥ͏Α͏ʹ͔͚ͳ͍ɼͳͲ‫ݱ‬ঢ়Λଧഁग़དྷͳ͍ࣗ෼

3 ճੜͰ෕Λ๢͘͠ɼཌ೥ɼ૆෕Λ๢ͨͨ͘͠Ίɼϓϩͷೳྗʹٙ໰Λ͓࣋ͬͯΓɼ͜Ε͕΋ͷʹͳΒͳ͍ͷͰʹͳͬͯಠΓཱͪ͢Δͱ͍͏͜ͱΛ‫͘ڧ‬ҙࣝ͢ΔΑ͏ʹ͋Ε͹େֶ‫ڭ‬һΛ΍ΊΑ͏ͱদߐͷ஍Ͱେ·͡Ίʹ೰Μ

ͳͬͨɽ

Ͱ͍ͨɽ

‫ࣨڀݚ‬෼ଐͰ͸ɼҰ൪ΞΧσϛοΫͳ‫౔͕ͨ͠͡ײ‬৕ॿ͚ʹͳͬͨͷ͸ɼࢤΛಉ͘͢͡Δ஥ؒୡͱͷग़ձ͍෺ཧΛษ‫ڧ‬ग़དྷΔ‫ࣨڀݚ‬ΛબΜͩɽ͜ͷ͋ͨΓ͔ΒࢲͷͰ͋Δɽ௨শ SSSJ ϝʔϦϯάϦετΛ‫ͯ͠༻׆‬ɼԕ͘தͰԿ͔͕มΘͬͯ͘Δɽ཭Εͨ஥ؒୡͱ‫ʹൃ׆‬ٞ࿦ΛަΘͨ͠ɽ౔৕෺ཧֶձʹ౔৕ؒܺߏ଄ʹਓମͷখӉ஦Λ‫ݟ‬ΔࢀՃͯ͘͠Δ஥ؒୡ͸ग़਎΍άϧʔϓʹؔ܎ͳٞ͘࿦Λస‫ػ‬͸ଔ‫ۀ‬࿦จͰ๚ΕΔɽ

ަΘ͢ํʑ͕ଟ͍ɽࣗ෼ͷ࿹ҰຊΛ৴ͯ͡‫ڀݚ‬Λ͍ͯ͠ೈ̭ઢͰ౔৕ؒܺΛࡱӨ͠ɼؒܺߏ଄ͷಁਫಛੑʹͭ

Δɼͱ͍͏‫͡ײ‬ͷ‫͕ऀڀݚ‬ଟ͘ɼࢲ͸ͱͯ΋޷͖ͩͬͨɽ

͍ͯߟ࡯͢ΔςʔϚΛ͍͖ͨͩɼϨϯτήϯࡱӨʹ͍ͦԿͱͳ͘͘͢Ϳ͍͕ͬͯͨ͜͏͍ͬͨ஥ؒୡͱͷٞ࿦͕͠Μͩɽ২෺ࠜΛ൓өͨ͠थࢬঢ়ͷؒܺߏ଄͕଄Ө͞ΕࢲΛࢧ͑ͨɽϚϧνεςοϓྲྀग़๏ͷ࣮ફऀͰ͋Δ JanΔͷΛ‫ͯݟ‬ɼਓମͷΑ͏Ͱඇৗʹ‫͍ͨڻ‬ɽಙӬઌੜɼ੒

Hopmans ͱ͸ւ֎ͷֶձͰٞ࿦͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɼ‫ޙ‬ͷ౉Ԭઌੜͷؔ܎࿦จ͸΅Ζ΅ΖʹͳΔ·ͰಡΈࠐΜͩɽ଄ߤ࣌ͷड͚ೖΕ‫ڭ‬һʹͳͬͯ௖͍ͨɽ

Өࡎ͕ਁಁ͢Δ༷ࢠΛ௕͍͔͚࣌ؒͯϞχλʔ͠ɼ࣌എਫͷਞͰྟΉͱ͸͍͢͝΋ͷͰɼ্‫ ه‬2 ใ͸‫͞ࡌܝ‬‫ྻܥ‬ͷมԽΛ௥͍ͬͯͬͨɽ͢Δͱ౔৕͔Βͷഉਫʹ͸ΕɼԸࢣͷୀ‫߹ʹؒʹ׭‬Θͳ͔ͬͨࢲ΋ֶҐΛ௖͖ɼཌ

ॱং͕͋Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Γɼ๏ଇੑ͕͋ΔΒ͍͜͠ͱ͕Θ೥ɼ‫و‬ॏͳ‫͋Ͱݧܦ‬Δֶज़ৼ‫ڵ‬ձւ֎ಛผ‫ڀݚ‬һʹ࠾༻͔ͬͨɽ‫ʹޙ‬ϚΫϩϙΞͱϛΫϩϙΞͷೋॏؒܺߏ଄ͱ

͞Εɼ2001 ∼ 2003 ೥·Ͱ 2 ೥ؒւ֎ʹߦ͚Δ͜ͱʹͯ͠ɼͦͷ‫ػ‬ೳΛ໌Β͔ʹ͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱʹͳΔ͕ɼͦͷͳͬͨɽ౰࣌ɼ਺෺‫ܥ‬ɼੜԽֶ‫ܥ‬ɼਓจࣾձ‫ܥ‬ͷ 3 ࿮͠‫఺ݪ‬Λ‫ͳʹͱ͍ͨͯ͜͠࡯؍‬ΔɽԿ͔Λ͔ͭΜͩ‫͕͠ؾ‬͔ͳ͘ɼ਺෺‫͞୒࠾Ͱܥ‬Ε͍ͯΔͷͰɼࢲʹͱͬͯ͸ສͯɼจ‫ݙ‬ΛಡΈ·ͬͨ͘ɽಛʹӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ࿦จʹ͍ͭͯ͸मഅ݊Ͱ͋Δɽ

࢜ 2 ೥ͷࠒʹ͸ʢҰ࣌తʹʣࣙॻແ͠ͰಡΊΔΑ͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯͨɽఔͳͯ͘͠ౡࠜେֶͰ৬Λ௖͘͜ͱʹͳΔ
͕ɼ‫ʹ౎ژ‬௨͍ͳ͕Β‫ڀݚ‬Λଓ͚ͨɽΑ͏΍͘ࣃं͕ճΓ࢝Ίͨɽʮ౔৕ʯͱ͍͏ಛ௕Λੜ͔ͯ͠େ͖ͳΪΞͰ·Θ͢౉ߤઌͰ͸ɼઌʹॻ͍ͨ Jan Hopmans ‫ڭ‬तʢUniversity͜ͷ‫ڀݚ‬͸େม໘ന͔ͬͨͷ͕ͩɼఆྔతͳධՁख๏

of California, DavisʣͷԼͰ౔৕ਫϑϥοΫε‫ܭ‬ଌͷͨΊʹ͍ͭͯલྫ͕ͳ͘ɼ੒ՌΛग़͍ͯ͘͠ͱ͖ʹେมۤ࿑ͷ೤ύϧεηϯαʔͷ։ൃʹ‫ܞ‬Θͬͨɽٕ‫͞׭‬Μ΋͖͋ͨ͠ɽ͠͹Β͘࿦จ͕ॻ͚ͣ௿ۭඈߦ͕͍ͭͮͨɽ͜ͷΒΊͨ൅ͷໟ΄Ͳͷࡉ͞ͷి‫ؾ‬഑ઢΛ͜ͳͯ͠ɼਖ਼֬͞

͜Ζ͸ɼେֶӃम࢜Ͱ৬Λಘͯɼ࢓ࣄΛ͠ͳ͕Β࿦จത

0.01 Kɼ‫܁‬Γฦ͠ਫ਼౓ 0.003 K ͱ͍͏ηϯαʔΛ࡞Γ্࢜Λऔಘ͢Δ͜ͱ͕·ͩҰൠతʹߦΘΕ͓ͯΓɼֶҐऔ͛ͨɽͦΕ·Ͱ Jan ʹ͸‫͖͋ʹྗֶޠ‬ΕΒΕ͍͕ͯͨɼ

ಘΛ߇͑ͨएख‫ͯ͠ͱऀڀݚ‬͸͍ͣͿΜ೰ΜͰ͍ͨɽ௅

͍ͣͿΜධՁͯ͠௖͍ͨɽࣗ෼͸खઌ͕‫͏͍ͱͩ༻ث‬ೝઓ͍ͨ͠ͱ͍͏‫ͪ࣋ؾ‬͸‫͔ͨͬڧ‬ͷͰɼ౰࣌ͷࣗ෼ͷதࣝ͸͍͕ͯͨ͠ɼถࠃʹ͍ΔͱಛʹͦΕ͕େ͖ͳಛ௃ʹͰ͸େ͖ͳ໨ඪͰ͋Δ Soil Science Society of America,ͳΔͱ‫͍ͨ෇ؾ‬ɽҰ੾ͷଥ‫ڠ‬Λ‫ ͍ͳ͞ڐ‬Jan ͷ‫࢟ڀݚ‬੎

JournalʢSSSAJʣʹ࿦จΛ౤ߘ͕ͨ͠ɼҰ౓ϦδΣΫτ

͸‫͡ײ͘͠ݫ‬Δͱ͖΋͕͋ͬͨɼపఈͨٞ͠࿦ɼҰ؏͠͞Εͨɽͨ࢟੎͸ֶͿͱ͜Ζ͕େ͖͘ɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷࢲͷ‫ڀݚ‬ελΠͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷ‫͖ߦͰڀݚ‬ண͍ͨͷ͸ɼ౰࣮࣌༻ྫ͕ใࠂ͞

ϧʹେ͖ͳӨ‫ڹ‬Λ༩͑ͨɽΕ࢝ΊͨϚϧνεςοϓྲྀग़๏Λஈ֊ຖʹ̭ઢࡱӨ͠ɼ͜ͷ͜Ζɼٞ࿦޷͖ͷ Jan ͕ɼʮ΋͸΍೶ֶ͚ͩͰ৯

ಁਫੑͱอਫੑΛೈ̭ઢͱ‫ͱʹڞ‬Β͑ٞ࿦͢Δ͜ͱͩͬ΂͍ͯ͘͜ͱ͸೉͍͠ɽ౔৕Λ‫ؚ‬Ήෆ๞࿨ଳΛ Vadoseͨɽ͜Ε͸ඇৗʹ͏·͍ͬͨ͘ɽ౔৕͔Βͷഉਫʹ‫ن‬ଇ

Zone ͱ͍ͬͯɼ͜͜ʹؔΘΔ౔৕ֶɼࢿ‫ֶ޻ݯ‬ɼ஍‫ٿ‬Պֶੑ͕͋Δ͜ͱͱɼϚΫϩϙΞ · ϛΫϩϙΞͷೋॏؒܺੑ

ͳͲ͸օҰಊʹձ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δʯͱকདྷ૾Λ‫ޠ‬Γɼͱ͕ɼ͋Δ఺Λ‫͖ʹڥ‬Ε͍ʹ෼͔ΕΔ͜ͱͳͲ͕Θ͔ͬͨɽͯ΋‫ͨ͠ײڞ‬ɽVadose Zone Journal ൃ‫ץ‬ͷલ೥Ͱ͋ΔɽཹֶͷͨΊւ֎ࢽͰͷ੒ՌΛ‫ٻ‬Ίͯ Soil Science ͱ࠶౓ͦ͏͍͏ࢥ͍Λ࣋ͬͯࢀՃͨ͠ American GeophysicalSSSAJ ʹ౤ߘ͠ɼͦͷ݁ՌΛ଴ͬͨɽ͞ΒΓͱॻ͍͍ͯ

UnionʢAGUʣ͸ Agronomy ͷ Soil ͱͯ͠‫ڀݚ‬Λ࢝Ίͨࠃࡍ౔৕೥ಛूɹ౔ཻࢠɿ౔৕ͷதʹ‫ͨݟ‬খӉ஦ࢲʹ΋͏Ұͭͷ‫ڀݚ‬Λ͢Δ߹ཧੑΛ༩͑ͯ͘Εͨɽ61ʹࢀՃͨ͠ɽ2011 ೥ʹ͸େม޾ӡͳ͜ͱʹ࠷ઌ୺ · ࣍ੈ‫ޙࠃؼ‬ɼ‫ڀݚ‬ର৅Λ౔৕Ԛછʹ֦͛ɼԚછ౔৕ͷড়Խʹ୅‫ڀݚ‬։ൃࢧԉϓϩάϥϜʢ௨শ NEXTʣʹ࠾୒͞Εɼઌͷೋॏؒܺߏ଄ੑΛ݁ͼ͚ͭΔ͜ͱΛߟ͑ͨɽͪΐͬͦΕͦ͜େ͖ͳΪΞͰ‫ڀݚ‬ΛਐΊΔ‫ػ‬ձΛ௖͍ͨɽ౔৕

ͱͨ͠αΫγϣϯͷ޻෉ͰༀӷΛશ͘ҟͳΔྖҬʹಧ͚ͷ‫͍޿͕ڀݚ‬෼໺ʹߩ‫͖Ͱݙ‬Δ͜ͱΛ࠶ೝࣝ͠ɼFIRSTɼΒΕΔ͜ͱΛ‫͚ͭݟ‬ɼඇৗʹড়Խޮ཰ͷྑ͍੒ՌΛಘͨɽNEXT ߹ಉ੒ՌൃදձͰ͸ɼඇৗʹ༏Εͨ‫ڀݚ‬ख๏Λֶ͍͔ͭ͘ͷ‫ڞͱۀا‬ಉ‫ڀݚ‬Λ͕ͨ͠ɼͦͷ࣌ࣾһ͞Μ͔Ϳ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽ

Βʮ෼ࢄͱ͍͏‫ݴ‬༿Λඇৗʹઆ໌͠ʹ͍͘ʯͱΑ͘ฉ͍͜Ε·Ͱͷ‫ڀݚ‬Λ೿ੜͤ͞ɼ౔৕தʹࣗવ͕࡞ͬͨૈ

ͨɽ্࢘͸Խֶ޻ֶͷઐ໳Ͱༀӷ͸ਫ૧ͰϓϩϖϥΛճେؒܺʹࣅͤͨਓ޻ϚΫϩϙΞͱ͍͏γϯϓϧͳߏ଄͢Α͏ʹࠞͥΕ͹Α͍ͱࢥ͍ͬͯͯɼਁಁͱ‫༹ʹڞ‬ӷ͕Λ࡞Γɼಁਫੑෆྑ͕‫ݪ‬ҼͰྼԽͭͭ͋͠Δ౔৕ʹ͍ͭ

ࠞ߹͢Δͱ͍͏‫͕֮ײ‬Θ͔Βͳ͍Α͏ͩͬͨɽ͍ͭ΋ֶͯਁಁੑͷվળΛߦͬͨͱ͜Ζɼ౔৕தͷ༗‫ػ‬෺͕૿ՃੜʹߨٛͰ࿩͍ͯ͠Δ͕ɼ཮Ҭͷ࠷্૚Λ‫ܗ‬੒͢Δ౔৕

͢Δͱ͍͏ॳ‫ظ‬ͷ੒Ռ͕ಘΒΕͨɽ২෺ͷઐ໳ՈͰ͸ͳͷ͜ͱʹ͍ͭͯ͸զʑ͕Ұ൪Α͘஌͍ͬͯΔɽ͔ͩΒ෼͍ͷͰ஍্෦ʹ͸৮Βͳ͍ͭ΋ΓͰ͍͕ͨɼ২ੜͷճ෮໺ͷಛ௃Λ͖ͪΜͱੜ͔ͤ͹ɼ·ͩ໌Β͔ʹͳ͍ͬͯͳ

͕ҙ֎ʹૣ͘ɼࣸਅͰࡱӨͨ͠ͱ͖ʹҰ൪Θ͔Γ΍͍͍͢छʑͷ՝୊ʹνϟϨϯδग़དྷΔͱ‫ͨ͡ײ‬ɽ੒Ռ͕ಘΒΕͨɽ‫ࡏݱ‬ɼϚΫϩϙΞΛ௨ͨ͡ਁಁ‫ߏػ‬΍͜ͷ͜Ζେֶ͕๏ਓԽ͠ɼ‫͢ڀݚ‬ΔͨΊʹ͸֎෦ࢿۚ༗‫ػ‬෺෼ղʹର͢ΔޮՌͳͲΛਫ਼ࠪதͰ͋ΔɽࢲͷΩϟΛऔΓʹߦ͘ඞཁ͕͋ΓɼϓϩδΣΫτ‫ڀݚ‬Λ໨ࢦͨ͠ϦΞͷॳ‫ʹظ‬͸ϚΫϩϙΞ͸༹࣭ҠಈΛෆ‫ن‬ଇʹ͢Δअ

‫׆‬ಈ͕‫͍ͨͬͯͬͳʹൃ׆‬ɽౡࠜେֶͰॳΊͯࢲͨͪͷຐऀͱͯ͠ճආ͢Δ͜ͱΛߟ͍͕͑ͯͨɼࠓ͸ͦͷ໾ׂ෼໺͕Պֶٕज़ৼ‫ڵ‬ௐ੔අʹ࠾୒͞ΕɼྲྀҬͱ͍͏͘͘

͕Θ͔Γɼੵ‫ۃ‬తʹར༻͠Α͏ͱ͍ͯ͠Δɽ̭ઢ΍ηϯΓͷதͰ৿ྛ · ാ · ਫా · ‫ؿ‬ਫҬΛ௨ͨ͡෺࣭॥‫؀‬Λਫ਼αʔٕज़ͳͲϋΠςΫ‫ڀݚ‬Λ‫ͨ͠࢖ۦ‬ઌʹγϯϓϧͳमࠪ͠ɼࢿ‫ݯ‬॥‫ࣾܕ؀‬ձͷߏஙΛ໨ࢦͨ͠‫ͦͱڀݚ‬ͷਓࡐ෮ٕज़ʹམͪண͘ͱ͸͋Δҙຯࢲͷཧ૝Ͱɼ‫ٕڥ؀‬ज़ͱҭ੒Λߦͬͨɽ͜ͷϓϩδΣΫτͰ͸શମΛ੾Γ੝Γͯ͢͠͸γϯϓϧͳ΋ͷΛ໨ࢦ͍͖͍ͯͨ͠ɽ

Δ͜ͱʹͳΓɼJST ͱ௚઀૬ஊͨ͠ΓɼGlobal COE ͷ࣮͓ΘΓʹફྫͳͲΛֶͿ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽଟ͘ͷϓϩδΣΫτӡӦ΋ͱ΋ͱͷϥδΦগ೥ · Ӊ஦গ೥͔Β͸શ͘૝૾΋Ͱʹ‫ڞ‬௨͍ͯͨ͠ͷ͸ɼେ͖ͳΪΞͰࣃंΛճ͍ͯ͠Δ͜

͖ͳ͍͕ɼࢲͷ͜Ε·Ͱ‫ͨ͠ݧܦ‬શ͕ͯ༗‫ػ‬తʹ݁ͼͭͱͩͬͨɽࠣࡉͳͱ͜Ζʹ͸ͩ͜ΘΒͣɼେ͖ͳ໨ඪΛ͍ͯࠓͷ౔৕෺ཧత‫͍͖ͯͰ͕ڀݚ‬ΔɽҰ‫܎ؔݟ‬ͷͳ͍ͨͯͯਐΜͰ͓Γɼ͋Δछͷྗ‫͞ڧ‬Λ‫ͨ͡ײ‬ɽϓϩηε΋୔ࢁ͕͋ͬͨɼͲΜͳʹ‫ܗ‬Λม͑ͯ΋ɼ͜͏౔৕෺ཧͰ֎ͷੈք΁͏ͬͯग़Δ

͋Γ͍ͨͱ೔ʑ‫͍ͯͬئ‬Δͱɼࣗ෼ͷਓੜ΋ͦͷΑ͏ʹ͜ͷ͜Ζ͔Βࢲ͸ɼ౔৕Λ஍‫཮ٿ‬Ҭͷ࠷ද૚Λߏ੒ͳ͍ͬͯ͘΋ͷͩͱ‫͍ͯ͡ײ‬Δɽए͍ੈ୅ͷํʑ͸ɼࠓ͢Δ΋ͷͱ͍͏ೝࣝͰछʑͷ‫ʹڀݚ‬౰ͨΔΑ͏ʹͳΔɽ

ࣗ෼ͷࢥ͍௨ΓʹͳΒͳ͍͜ͱΛ͍ͭ͘΋‫͍ͯ͡ײ‬Δ͔

2007 ೥ͷ AGU Ͱ͸Ұ෦ͷߏ੒һ͕ IPCC ͷϝϯόʔ΋஌Εͳ͍͕ɼͦͷͱΒ͑ํͱ࣮ફͷ࢓ํͰকདྷ͕͍ͣ

ͱͯ͠ϊʔϕϧฏ࿨৆Λड৆ͨ͠ͱ͓ͯ͠ॕ͍Ϝʔυ͕ͿΜมΘͬͯ͘Δͱࢥ͏ɽ͋Γɼࣗ෼͸શવؔ܎ͳ͍ͷʹ͍ͣͿΜ‫͔ͨͬ͠خ‬ɽௐ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷ೰Έ͸ɼҎલͷΑ͏ͳҰ‫ٿ‬ೖࠢͷ࿦จ͕ॻ͚ͳ

΂͍ͯ͘ͱ౔৕͸཮Ҭ࠷େͷ୸ૉஷଂ‫͋Ͱݿ‬Δ͜ͱɼҰ͍͜ͱͰ͋ΔɽԿ͔ʹ௥ΘΕͯΞϦόΠతʹఏग़͍ͯ͠

ํͰ౔஍ར༻มԽʹΑͬͯੴ༉ · ੴ୸ͷ೩মͷ 2 ׂʹ΋Δจষ͕ଟ͘ɼඇৗʹ৘͚ͳ͍ࢥ͍ͰҰഋͰ͋Δɽϓϩ౰ͨΔೋࢎԽ୸ૉ͕େ‫ؾ‬தʹ์ग़͞Εͯ͠·͏͜ͱ͕ΘδΣΫτͷ‫ܭ‬ըॻ͹͔Γॻ͍͍ͯΔ‫͕͢ؾ‬Δ͕ɼώΞϦ͔͖ͬͯͨɽ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬Λอશ · म෮͢Ε͹ɼ౔৕ͷ‫ڀݚ‬ϯά΍ใࠂॻʹରͯ͠ෆ଍෦෼Λࢦఠ͞Εɼվળ͢Δ͕͜஍‫ݙߩʹڥ؀ٿ‬ग़དྷΔΘ͚ͩɽ௕͍࣌ؒΛ‫౔ͯܦ‬৕෺ͱͰϓϩδΣΫτ͸ྑ͍΋ͷʹ࢓্͕͍ͬͯ͘ɽ‫ʹڀݚ‬ཧͱ஍‫ٿ‬Պֶ͕ࣗ෼ͷதͰͭͳ͕͖ͬͯͨɽAGU ͷ೔͍ͭͯ΋ɼಠΓΑ͕ΓʹͳΒͳ͍ͨΊʹ΋ੈʹ໰͍͔͚ຊ൛ɼ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹ʢJpGUʣͷେձͰ͸ɼுɼΔνϟϨϯδΛଓ͚ɼ౔৕෺ཧ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ੒ՌΛൃ৴͍ͯ͠

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J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

Miscellaneous

No. 131, p.63 ∼ 66 (2015)

JpGU2015 ೥େձηογϣϯ
ʮྲྀҬͷਫ‫ͼٴ‬෺࣭ͷ༌ૹͱ॥‫ྲྀݯ — ؀‬Ҭ͔ΒԊ‫؛‬Ҭ·Ͱ —ʯ։࠵ใࠂখྛ੓޿ 1 · த԰ᚸ࢘ 2 · ᜊ౻ޫ୅ 3 · খ໺ࣉਅҰ 4 · ஌๺࿨‫ ٱ‬5 · ೖ໺ஐ‫ ٱ‬5 · ٢઒লࢠ 6 · Ԟా ঢ 7

Report of a scientiﬁc session “Water and material transport and cycle in watersheds:
from headwater to coastal area” on JpGU 2015
Masahiro Kobayashi1 , Shinji Nakaya2 , Mitsuyo Saito3 , Shin-ichi Onodera4 , Kazuhisa Chikita5 ,Tomohisa Irino5 , Seiko Yoshikawa6 and Noboru Okuda7

1. ͸͡Ίʹ
೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹ʢJpGUʣ2015 ೥େձ͕ɼ5 ݄

24 ೔ʢ೔ʣ∼ 28 ೔ʢ໦ʣͷ‫Ͱؒظ‬ɼઍ༿ນுϝοηࠃࡍձٞ৔͓ΑͼΞύϗςϧ&Ϧκʔτ౦‫ژ‬ϕΠນுʹ͓͍ͯ։࠵͞Εͨɽࠓେձ͸ɼ2005 ೥ʹ࿈߹͕ઃཱ͞Ε͔ͯΒ 10 प೥ɼͦͷલ਎Ͱ͋Δ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶؔ࿈ֶձ߹
ಉେձ͕ 1990 ೥ʹ։࠵͞Ε͔ͯΒ 25 प೥ʹ౰ͨΔɽࠓେձͷ 5 ೔ؒͰ։࠵͞Εͨηογϣϯ਺͸Ԇ΂ 188 ʹͷ΅ͬͨɽJpGU ͷ੒Γཱͪʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼຊࢽʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯͷࢿྉͱͯ͠ɼ৿ · ࡈ౻ʢ2013ʣʹ෼͔Γ΍͘͢·ͱΊΒΕ͍ͯΔͷͰࢀর͞Ε͍ͨɽஶऀΒ͕ίϯϏʔφΛ຿ΊΔʮηογϣϯ A-HW27ɿྲྀҬͷਫ‫ͼٴ‬෺࣭ͷ༌ૹͱ॥‫ྲྀݯ — ؀‬Ҭ͔ΒԊ‫؛‬Ҭ·Ͱ —ʯ͸ɼେձॳ೔ͷ 5 ݄ 24 ೔ʹ։࠵͞Εͨɽຊηογϣϯ͸ɼʮେ‫ؾ‬ਫ‫ݍ‬ՊֶʢAʣʯͷʮਫจ · ཮ਫ · ஍Լਫֶ · ਫ‫ڥ؀‬ʢHWʣʯͷԼʹҐஔ෇͚ΒΕ͓ͯΓɼྲྀҬͰͷਫ · ෺࣭༌ૹ͓Αͼ෺࣭॥‫ؔ͢ʹ؀‬Δ‫ൃڀݚ‬ද͓Αͼ

͑Δɽલ਎ͷͻͱͭ͸ɼ2003 ೥େձʹ͓͍ͯʮࢁ஍ྲྀ
Ҭ 2005 ೥Ҏ߱ʮਫ॥‫ؔʹ؀‬ΘΔ෺࣭༌ૹʯɼ2011 ೥Ҏ߱ʮྲྀҬͷਫจ஍࣭ͱ෺࣭॥‫؀‬ʯͱ໊শΛม͑ͯ‫ܧ‬ଓ͞Ε͖ͯͨηογϣϯͰ͋Δʢ͍ͣΕ΋୅දίϯϏʔφɿখ໺ࣉਅҰɼ޿ౡେֶʣɽ΋͏ͻͱͭͷલ਎͸ɼ2008 ೥େձ͔Β։࠵͞Ε͖ͯͨηογϣϯɼʮ཮Ҭ · ւ༸૬‫࡞ޓ‬༻ — ෺࣭॥‫ͱ؀‬ੜଶ‫ͱܥ‬ͷؔ܎ —ʯʢ୅දίϯϏʔφɿ஌๺࿨‫ٱ‬ɼ๺ւಓେֶʣͰ͋Δɽ͜ΕΒ 2 ͭͷηογϣ
ϯͷ౷߹ʹΑΓຊηογϣϯ͕஀ੜͨ͠ɽ2015 ೥ͷίϯϏʔφ͓Αͼ‫ֶࢍڠ · ࠵ڞ‬ձ͸ҎԼͷ௨ΓͰ͋ΔɽίϯϏʔφɿத԰ᚸ࢘ʢ୅දʣ
ʢ৴भେֶʣ
ɼᜊ౻ޫ୅ʢԬ
ࢁେֶʣɼখ໺ࣉਅҰʢ޿ౡେֶʣɼ஌๺࿨‫ٱ‬ʢ๺ւಓେ
ֶʣɼೖ໺ஐ‫ٱ‬ʢ๺ւಓେֶʣɼখྛ੓޿ʢ৿ྛ૯߹‫ڀݚ‬ॴʣɼ٢઒লࢠʢ೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣɼԞాঢʢ૯߹஍
‫ॴڀݚֶڥ؀ٿ‬ʣ‫ֶ࠵ڞ‬ձɿ೔ຊ஍Լਫֶձɼ೔ຊਫจՊֶձɼ೔ຊ཮ਫ
ֶձɼ೔ຊଯੵֶձɼ೔ຊୈ࢛‫ֶل‬ձɼ೔ຊւ༸ֶձ

෼໺ԣஅతͳٞ࿦Λߦ͏͜ͱΛ໨తͱ͠ɼ6 ֶձͱͷ‫ڞ‬‫ֶࢍڠ‬ձɿ཮ਫ෺ཧ‫ڀݚ‬ձɼ೔ຊ౔৕ංྉֶձɼ౔৕෺

࠵͓Αͼ 3 ֶձͷ‫ࢍڠ‬ͷ΋ͱɼֶ֤ձ͔Βͷ‫ ܭ‬8 ໊ͷ‫ڞ‬ཧֶձಉίϯϏʔφʹΑΓ‫ا‬ը · ӡӦΛߦ͏ɼ·͞ʹʮ෼໺ԣஅ‫ܕ‬ʯͷηογϣϯͰ͋Δɽ

2015 ೥͸ɼࡢ೥౓ʹҾ͖ଓ͖ೋճ໨ͷ։࠵ͱͳͬͨ
͕ɼલ਎ηογϣϯ͔Β਺͑ΔͱͦͷาΈ͸ 10 ೥Λӽ
1 Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. Corresponding authorɿ

2. ϓϩάϥϜͱߨԋ಺༰ࠓճ͸ɼ‫ޱ‬಄ൃද 26 ݅ɼϙελʔൃද 9 ݅ͷ‫ ܭ‬35 ݅ʢ͏ͪট଴ߨԋ 3 ݅ʣͷߨԋ͕͋ΓʢTable 1ʣɼձ৔Ͱ͸খྛ੓޿ɼ৿ྛ૯߹‫ॴڀݚ‬ଟ͘ͷ࣭ٙͱͱ΋ʹ‫ͳൃ׆‬ٞ࿦͕ߦΘΕͨɽ·ͨɼ‫ޱ‬಄

2 Shinsyu Universityൃදηογϣϯͷऴྃ‫ʹޙ‬͸૯߹౼࿦͕ߦΘΕɼ֤‫ڀݚ‬

3 Okayama University
4 Hiroshima University

෼໺ · ֶձʹ͓͚Δ‫ڀݚ‬ͷτϐοΫεɼ͓Αͼ‫ڞ‬ಉ‫ڀݚ‬

5 Hokkaido UniversityʢϓϩδΣΫτʣ΁‫͍ͨͯ͛͘ܨ‬Ίͷࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷ‫ݟ‬௨͠ʹ͍ͭ

6 National Institute for Agro-environmental Science
7 Research Institute for Humanity and Nature2013 ೥ 11 ݄ 6 ೔डߘɹ 2013 ೥ 11 ݄ 13 ೔डཧͯίϯϏʔφΛத৺ʹٞ࿦͕ߦΘΕͨɽҎԼʹɼຊηογϣϯͷϓϩάϥϜ͓Αͼߨԋ಺༰Λཁ໿͢Δɽ

64౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)‫ޕ‬લͷୈ 1 ηογϣϯͰ͸ɼখ ∼ த‫ن‬໛ूਫҬʹ͓͚Β͸ɼྲྀҬͷϦϯ॥‫؀‬ղ໌ʹ޲͚ͨ৽ͨͳπʔϧͱͯ͠ͷϦϯࢎ — ࢎૉ҆ఆಉҐମͷద༻Մೳੑʹ͍ͭͯɼඐ

Δਫ΍෺࣭ͷಈଶΛણࡉ͔ͭఆྔతʹѻ͏‫ू͕ڀݚ‬Ίഀ‫ूބ‬ਫҬͰͷ෼ੳ݁ՌΛ‫ؚ‬Ή‫و‬ॏͳ࿩୊ఏ‫͞ͳ͕ڙ‬Εʪ‫ޱ‬಄ൃදηογϣϯ AM1ʫΒΕͨɽ·ͣɼ஌๺ࢯ͓Αͼ Hossain ࢯʹΑΔ৿ྛྲྀҬͨɽ·ͨɼখ໺ࣉࢯΒʹΑΓɼ࠷ۙ໿ 1 ສ೥ؒͰͷԬࢁΛର৅ͱͨ͠ਫऩࢧ͓Αͼଯੵ෺ྲྀग़ྔͷఆྔධతධ

ฏ໺Ԋ‫΁؛‬ͷϦϯ‫ྔڅڙ‬มಈʹ͍ͭͯɼଯੵ෺ࢼྉΛ༻Ձʹؔ͢Δ࿩୊ఏ‫͕͋ڙ‬Γɼਗ਼ਫࢯɼۚࢯ͓Αͼେ‫ٱ‬͍ͨ௕‫ظ‬తͳղੳ݁Ռʹ͍ͭͯͷใࠂ͕ͳ͞Εͨɽอࢯ͔Β͸ɼஷਫ஑Λ‫ؚ‬Ή೶‫ྲྀۀ‬Ҭͷਫऩࢧ · ӫཆԘ॥‫ʹ؀‬ର͢Δ౔஍ར༻มԽ · ‫ީؾ‬มಈͷӨ‫ڹ‬ͷධՁʹؔʪ‫ޱ‬಄ൃදηογϣϯ PM2ʫ131

͢Δൃද͕ͳ͞Εͨɽ·ͨɼHossain ࢯɼਗ਼ਫࢯɼۚࢯ

‫ޙޕ‬ͷୈ 2 ηογϣϯͰ͸ɼओʹՏ‫ޱ‬Ҭ ∼ Ԋ‫؛‬ҬͰͷ෺ͷ಺༰͸ɼ͍ͣΕ΋४෼෍‫ܕ‬ਫจྲྀग़ϞσϧʢSoil and࣭॥‫ؔ͢ʹ؀‬Δଟ࠼ͳ࿩୊ఏ‫͞ͳ͕ڙ‬Εͨɽ·ͣɼҴ࡚

Water Assessment Tool: SWATʣΛ༻͍ͨղੳʹΑΔ΋ࢯʹΑΔஜ‫ޙ‬઒Լྲྀͷ‫ق‬અߑਫʹ൐͏ଯੵมԽʹ͍ͭͯͷͰ͋ͬͨɽᜊ౻ࢯ͓ΑͼӉ௡઒ࢯ͔Β͸ɼूਫҬ಺ͷͷ݁Ռ͕ใࠂ͞Εɼೖ໺ࢯʹΑΔ҆ఆಉҐମΛ༻͍ͨத෩ԽʹΑΔ฼‫ؠ‬ͷ༹୤ · ࡟ണʹͱ΋ͳ͏༹ଘ෺࣭͓Αͼࠃ · ௕ߐͷ౦γφւ΁ͷ֦ࢄঢ়‫ؔ͢ʹگ‬Δൃද͕ͳ͞Ε౔࠭ͷಈଶʹؔ͢Δ‫؍‬ଌత‫ڀݚ‬ͷใࠂ͕ͳ͞Εͨɽ

ͨɽ·ͨɼᜊ౻ࢯ͔Β͸੉‫಺ށ‬ւͷԊ‫૶؛‬৔ʹର͢Δւʪ‫ޱ‬಄ൃදηογϣϯ AM2ʫͷۭ࣌ؒมԽʹ͍ͭͯɼ҆‫͔ࢯݩ‬Β͸ಉ͘͡ SGD ʹΑ‫ޕ‬લͷୈ 2 ηογϣϯͰ͸ɼूਫҬͷ஠ૉ॥‫͓؀‬ΑͼΔԭೄ · ࢇ‫ޞ‬঴ւҬʹର͢ΔӫཆԘෛՙͷӨ‫ؔ͢ʹڹ‬Δ஍Լਫͷηγ΢Ϝಈଶʹؔ͢Δ࿩୊ఏ‫͞ͳ͕ڙ‬Εͨɽ·ௐࠪ݁Ռͷใࠂ͕ͳ͞Εͨɽ࠷‫ʹޙ‬ɼM. Najib ࢯΑΓϚͣɼট଴ߨԋऀͷྛࢯ͔Βɼ஍‫ڥ؀ٿ‬໰୊ͱͯ͠஠ૉ॥

ϨʔγΞͷՏ઒ྲྀҬʹ͓͚Δ౔࠭ͷੜ࢈ · ྲྀग़ʹ͍ͭͯɼ‫ʹڀݚ؀‬औΓ૊Ήҙ͕ٛএ͑ΒΕɼ‫ࡏݱ‬ਐߦதͷ஠ૉ॥౔৕ྲྀग़ํఔࣜʢUniversal Soil Loss Equation: USLEʣ‫ڀݚ؀‬ͷࠃࡍతͳΠχγΞνϒͷ঺հ͕ͳ͞Εͨɽଓ͍Λ༻͍ͨӨ‫ڹ‬Ҽࢠͷಛఆʹؔ͢Δൃද͕͋ͬͨɽ

ఈ஍Լਫ༙ग़ʢsubmarine groundwater discharge: SGDʣͯɼখྛࢯʹΑΔ৿ྛྲྀҬʹ͓͚Δ༹ଘ༗‫ػ‬஠ૉಈଶͷ஍Ҭมҟʹؔ͢Δࣄྫใࠂ͕ͳ͞Εɼҏ౻ࢯ͔Β͸ɼ೔ʪϙελʔηογϣϯʫຊւଆ৿ྛྲྀҬʹ͓͚Δେ‫߱ؾ‬Լ෺༝དྷ஠ૉͷॏཁੑϙελʔηογϣϯ͸ɼՏ઒ਫɼ஍Լਫɼ೶‫༻ۀ‬ਫʹ͕ؔࢦఠ͞Εͨɽ٢઒ࢯ͸໘‫ݯ‬ෛՙ‫ݪ‬୯Ґ๏ͷ؆қਪఆ๏

͢ΔൃදʹɼԊ‫؛‬Ҭͷ‫ྨڕ‬ͷҠಈʹؔ͢Δൃද΋ՃΘΛఏҊ͠ɼനࢯ͸໘‫ݯ‬ෛՙ‫ݪ‬୯Ґ๏ʹ‫͍ͯͮج‬஠ૉෛՙΓɼ෯޿͍಺༰ͱͳͬͨɽੴ઒ࢯΒʢP1ʣͷൃද͸ɼઙͷྲྀҬؒมҟͱ‫࣌ܧ‬มԽΛ΋ͨΒ͢ཁҼʹ͍ͭͯߟ࡯͠

ؒࢁΛ‫͢ͱྲྀݯ‬ΔՏ઒ͷਫத͓Αͼఈటதʹ͓͚Δ༗֐

ͨɽத໺ࢯ͸ɼੴփ‫ؠ‬ଳਫ૚தͷ঳Խ · ୤஠ϓϩηεʹ

ඍྔ‫ݩ‬ૉʢCuɼPbɼCoɼSrʣͷ༌ૹ · ௜఼ϝΧχζϜʹ

͍ͭͯใࠂͨ͠ɽ஍Լਫͷηγ΢Ϝಈଶʹؔ͢Δத԰ࢯ

͍ͭͯɼ͜ΕΒͷඍྔ‫ݩ‬ૉΛ‫ٵ‬ணͤͯ͞༌ૹ͢ΔΞτϥͷใࠂ͸ɼࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷ์ࣹೳԚછಈଶ‫ʹڀݚ‬ରͯࣔࠦ͠ʹ෋ΫλʔʢίϩΠυଶమʣʹண໨ͨ͠ϞσϧͷఏҊʹؔ͢Ή࿩୊ఏ‫ͨͬ͋Ͱڙ‬ɽΔ΋ͷͰɼಉ͘͡ίϩΠυଶమʹΑΔ༗֐ඍྔ‫ݩ‬ૉͷ༌ૹΛѻͬͨ஗ࢯΒʢP2ʣ͸ɼઙؒࢁ஍Ҭͱീϲַ஍ҬΛʪ‫ޱ‬಄ൃදηογϣϯ PM1ʫ‫͢ͱྲྀݯ‬ΔՏ઒Ͱͷඍྔ‫ݩ‬ૉʢAsɼCdɼCsɼPbʣͷଘࡏ‫ޙޕ‬ͷୈ 1 ηογϣϯ͸ɼओʹྲྀҬεέʔϧͷਫ · ෺࣭‫ܗ‬ଶͷҧ͍ʹয఺Λ͋ͯͨ࿩୊ఏ‫ͨͬ͋Ͱڙ‬ɽ·ͨɼ஑॥‫؀‬ͷதͰ΋ಛʹॏۚଐ͓ΑͼӫཆԘʹ஫໨ͨ͠‫ൃڀݚ‬্ࢯΒʢP3ʣͷൃද͸ɼ‫ޒ‬ౡྻౡͷ஍࣭ͳͲ͕ҟͳΔ̓

දͰߏ੒͞Εͨɽ͸͡Ίʹট଴ߨԋͷ Reza ࢯʹΑΔόͭͷౡΛର৅ͱͨ͠Տ઒ਫɼ஍Լਫɼஷਫ஑ͷਫ࣭ಛੑϯάϥσΟογϡʹ͓͚Δઙ૚஍ԼਫதͷώૉԚછͷۭʹؔ͢Δௐࠪ݁Ռʹؔ͢Δ΋ͷͰɼ‫ࢯࢁؙ‬ΒʢP4ʣͷൃؒ෼෍ʹؔ͢Δൃද͕͋ͬͨɽຊൃද͸ɼ͜Ε·Ͱͷ๲ද͸ɼ௕‫ظ‬ϞχλϦϯάσʔλΛ༻͍ͨੵઇྲྀҬʹ͓͚େͳࢿྉʹ‫͖ͮج‬౰஍ͷώૉԚછͷۭؒ෼Λ঺հͨ͠΋ΔՏ઒ਫԹ΁ͷ‫ީؾ‬มಈͷӨ‫ڹ‬ධՁʹؔ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋ͬͷͰɼࢎԽؐ‫ݩ‬΍మͳͲਫ॥‫ͱ؀‬ͷؔ܎ʹ͍ͭͯ΋‫ٴݴ‬

ͨɽ·ͨɼখ໺ࣉࢯΒʢP5ʣΑΓɼ४෼෍‫ܕ‬ਫจྲྀग़Ϟ͞Εͨɽ·ͨɼEven ࢯΒͷൃද͸ɼैདྷ͔Β֬ೝ͞ΕͯσϧʢSWATʣΛ༻͍ͯਪఆ͞Εͨେ࿨઒ྲྀҬʹ͓͚Δ͖ͨେࡕฏ໺ͷ๺ઁ஍Ҭʹ͓͚ΔώૉԚછʹ͍ͭͯɼಉ

஍Լਫᔻཆྔͷۭؒ෼෍ʹؔ͢Δใࠂ͕͋Γɼ༗෋ࢯΒҐମ֤छΛ‫ؚ‬Ήଞͷ੒෼ͷ෼෍Λ΋ͱʹώૉͷ‫ݯى‬΍༌

ʢP6ʣͷൃද͸ɼ੉‫಺ށ‬ւͷՌथԂ͕޿͕ΔౡͷྲྀҬΛૹաఔʹ͍ͭͯ໌֬ʹͨ͠࠷৽ͷ੒ՌͰ͋ͬͨɽ͜ͷଞର৅ʹɼ஍Լਫͷྲྀಈ͕ࢎԽؐ‫ݩ‬ঢ়ଶΛ௨ͯ͡୤஠൓Ԡ

ʹ΋ɼҪ্ࢯΒʹΑΔɼϕτφϜ๺෦ΛྲྀΕΔߚՏͷྲྀʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫ڹ‬ΛධՁͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋ͬͨɽ·ͨɼHossainྔͷ‫ق‬અมԽʹ஫໨͠ώϚϥϠ༝དྷͷଯੵ෺ͱՏ઒த༹

ࢯΒʢP7ʣʹΑΓɼ‫۽‬ຊ੢෦ͷྲྀҬʹ͓͚Δ஍Լਫதͷଘॏۚଐͱͷؔ܎Λଊ͑ͨ‫ڀݚ‬ɼദ୩ࢯΒʹΑΔ‫ࣄൃݪ‬ϑοૉೱ౓‫ܗ‬੒ཁҼʹ͍ͭͯɼଟ఺ௐࠪσʔλʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬‫ނ‬ͷ‫ͨͬ͜ى‬෱ౡ‫ݝ‬඿௨Γ஍Ҭͷ஍ԼਫதͰͷ଺ཹ࣌ؒղੳ݁Ռͷ঺հ͕ͳ͞Εɼ‫ٱ‬อాࢯΒʢP8ʣʹΑΓɼ෱Λ‫ੵݟ‬΋ͬͨ‫ڀݚ‬ɼ‫ࢯࢁؙ‬ΒʹΑΔ᛽ͷଯੵ͢Δ൙ཞ‫ݪ‬ౡ‫ݝ‬൧‫ؘ‬ଜͷ೶‫ͨ༻ۀ‬Ί஑ʹ͓͚Δྲྀೖਫɼྲྀग़ਫɼஷ

ʹ͓͚ΔՏ઒ — ஍Լਫަྲྀ͕Տ઒ӫཆԘʹେ͖ͳΠϯཹਫதͷ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝೱ౓ͷ‫ق‬અมԽͷ࣮ଶ͕ใࠂ͞

ύΫτΛ༩͑Δͱ͍͏݁ՌͳͲ͕ใࠂ͞ΕͨɽԞాࢯ͔

Εͨɽট଴ߨԋͷ⅓ԬࢯΒʢP9ʣͷൃද͸ɼ୸ૉ҆ఆಉJpGU 2015 ೥େձηογϣϯʮྲྀҬͷਫ‫ͼٴ‬෺࣭ͷ༌ૹͱ॥‫؀‬ʵ‫ྲྀݯ‬Ҭ͔ΒԊ‫؛‬Ҭ·Ͱʵʯ։࠵ใࠂ

65ҐମൺΛ༻͍ͨ౦‫ژ‬࿷ʹ͓͚ΔԊ‫؛‬ੑҟମྨஓ‫ڕ‬ͷ੒௕༧ଌ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ɼࢲͨͪ౔৕‫ऀڀݚ‬ͷେ͖ͳ՝୊Ͱ͋Δɽ৔ॴͷਪఆʹؔ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋ͬͨɽ

౔৕෺ཧֶձձһॾࢯʹ͸ɼҟͳΔઐ໳෼໺ͷ‫ͱऀڀݚ‬ަྲྀ͠ɼ໰୊ҙࣝ΍‫ڀݚ‬ख๏ͷ෯Λ޿͛Δ‫ػ‬ձͱͯ͠ຊ

3. ͓ΘΓʹ

ηογϣϯΛ‫͍͖͍ͨͩͨͯ͠༻׆‬ɽຊηογϣϯ͸࣍ճ JpGU େձʢ2016 ೥ 5 ݄ 22 ೔্ʹ঺հͨ͠௨ΓɼຊηογϣϯͰ͸ɼ౔৕ʹ࢝·Γɼ ʢ೔ʣ∼ 26 ೔ʢ໦ʣɼນுʣͰ΋‫ܧ‬ଓ։࠵͠ɼ୅දίϯϏʔ஍ԼਫଳɼՏ઒ · ‫ބ‬প · Ԋ‫؛‬Ҭͷւ༸ͱͦͷଯੵ෺·ͰφΛஶऀͷ 1 ਓͰ͋Δ٢઒লࢠʢ౔৕෺ཧֶձɼ౔৕ංΛ৔ͱ͢Δਫͱ෺࣭ͷಈଶʹؔͯ͠ɼຖճ෯޿͍‫ൃڀݚ‬ྉֶձʣ͕຿ΊΔɽ༧ߘͷड෇‫ؒظ‬͸ 2016 ೥ 1 ݄ 7 ೔ද͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯΔɽ͜ΕΒͷ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ෺࣭ͷ༌ૹഔମʢ໦ʣ͔Β 2 ݄ 18 ೔ʢ໦ʣͰ͋Δɽଟ͘ͷΤϯτϦʔΛ

Ͱ͋Δਫͷྲྀಈͷ෺ཧաఔΛ೺Ѳ্ͨ͠Ͱɼͦ͜Ͱੜ͡

‫ظ‬଴͍ͯ͠Δɽ

ΔԽֶతɼੜ෺తϓϩηεΛ໌Β͔ʹ͠Α͏ͱ͢ΔΞϓͳ͓ɼຊใࠂͷϓϩάϥϜ͓Αͼߨԋ಺༰ͷཁ໿͸ɼϩʔν͕޿͘࠾༻͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ·ͨɼ޿͍ྲྀҬͷ෺࣭ಈ೔ຊਫจՊֶձͷ‫ڐ‬ՄͷԼɼᜊ౻Βʢ2015ʣʢ೔ຊਫจՊ

ଶΛɼྲྀҬ಺ͷཁૉͷಛੑͱ‫ػ‬ೳʹΑΓϞσϦϯά͢Δ

ֶձࢽୈ 45 ‫ר‬ɼୈ 2 ߸ɼ51–54ʣ͔Βసࡌͨ͠ɽ

Ξϓϩʔν΋ॏࢹ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ͜ΕΒ͸౔৕෺ཧֶձͷ‫ʹऀڀݚ‬͸ೃછΈ΍͍͢΋ͷͰ͋Ζ͏ɽҾ༻จ‫ݙ‬

ਓҝ༝དྷͷ൓Ԡੑ஠ૉͷ཮Ҭ͓ΑͼਫҬ΁ͷӨ‫ʹڹ‬୅ද͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹɼ‫ྲྀݯ‬Ҭ͔ΒԊ‫؛‬ҬʹࢸΔਫͱ෺࣭ͷಈ৿໵ੇࢤ · ࡈ౻޿ོ (2013): JpGU ಛूʮ෺࣭Ҡಈͱ‫ڥ؀‬ϦεΫଶΛ૯߹తʹѻΘͳ͚Ε͹ղܾͰ͖ͳ͍໰୊͕ଟ͍ɽ౔

ධՁʯ΁ͷট଴ — ஍‫ٿ‬Պֶ΁ͷ౔৕෺ཧͷߩ‫— ݙ‬. ౔৕ͷ৕ͷ‫ػ‬ೳ͕౔஍ར༻΍‫ڥ؀‬มಈʹΑΓͲ͏มԽ͢Δ͔ɼ

෺ཧੑ, 124:3–9.

͜Ε͕͞Βʹ޿Ҭͷਫͱ෺࣭ͷಈଶʹͲ͏Ө‫͢ڹ‬Δ͔ΛTable 1 ൃදλΠτϧҰཡʢ˒ҹ͸ট଴ߨԋʣ.
List of the presentation titles (˒: invited).
ൃදऀλΠτϧɹɹ

1஌๺ ࿨‫ٱ‬ςΫτχοΫͳ৿ྛྲྀҬͰͷ஍Լਫ࿙ग़ͱՏ઒ྲྀग़

2

HOSSAIN,
Md motaleb

Sediment loading processes in a geologically active and forested
catchment

3

ਗ਼ਫ ༟ଠ

தࢁؒ஍ྲྀҬʹ͓͚Δ෺࣭༌ૹʹ‫غ์࡞ߞ͢΅ٴ‬஍ͷӨ‫ڹ‬ධՁ

4

ۚ ኅ఩

Climate change impacts on groundwater recharge on an agriculturalisland, western Japan, estimated by SWAT/Hydrus model5େ‫ٱ‬อ ‫࣏ݡ‬೶‫༻ۀ‬ஷਫ஑ʹ͓͚Δ੒૚ߏ଄ͷ‫ق‬અมԽͱͦͷӫཆԘ॥‫΁؀‬ͷӨ‫ڹ‬6

ᜊ౻ ‫ܓ‬

ΩϧΪε · ΠγΫΫϧ‫ूͼٴބ‬ਫҬॾՏ઒ʹ͓͚Δਫ࣭ಛੑͱ෺࣭॥‫؀‬7Ӊ௡઒ ‫ࢠڤ‬μϜԼྲྀ෦ʹ͓͚Δ࠭ͷੜ࢈ʵӡൖ࡞༻ͷಛ௃ — ࠤ‫ؒٱ‬μϜΛ༗͢Δ
ఱཽ઒Λྫʹ —

8˒

ྛ ݈ଠ࿠

ਓؒ‫׆‬ಈ͕΋ͨΒ͢஠ૉ໰୊ɿྲྀҬΛӽ͑ͨ஍‫ٿ‬γεςϜͱͷͭͳ͕Γɹ‫ޱ‬಄ൃද

9খྛ ੓޿஠ૉྲྀೖྔͷҟͳΔ৿ྛྲྀҬʹ͓͚Δ༹ଘ༗‫ػ‬஠ૉಈଶ

AM2

10

ҏ౻ ༏ࢠ

๺཮஍ํͷ৿ྛྲྀҬʹ͓͚Δେ‫ؾ‬༝དྷ஠ૉͷྲྀೖ

11

٢઒ লࢠ

໘‫ݯ‬ෛՙ‫ݪ‬୯Ґͷ؆қਪఆ๏ͷఏҊɼ͓Αͼͦͷଥ౰ੑͷ‫ݕ‬౼

12

ന Ղი

Spatial distribution of nitrogen load and its impact on coastal environment
from bay area in Kyushu

13

த໺ ୓࣏

ླྀ‫ٿ‬ੴփ‫ؠ‬ଳਫ૚ʹ͓͚Δ঳Խͱ୤஠

14

த԰ ᚸ࢘

্ਫಓਫ‫ࣗݯ‬વ༙ਫதͷηγ΢Ϝͷ஍Լਫ଺ཹ࣌ؒʹ൐͏‫ݮ‬গɹ‫ޱ‬಄ൃද

AM1
ɹɹ࠲௕ɹೖ໺ஐ‫ٱ‬

ɹ ɹ࠲௕
ɹԞాɹঢ

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)

66

ൃදऀ

λΠτϧɹɹ

15 ˒

REZA, Selimόϯάϥσγϡ੢๺෦ͷઙ૚஍Լਫதͷώૉͷ෼෍— ώૉͷೱूͱҠಈաఔͷཧղ

16Ҫ্ ྇ϕτφϜ๺෦ΛྲྀΕΔߚՏՏ઒ਫͷओ੒෼‫ͼٴ‬ඍྔ‫ݩ‬ૉͷ‫ق‬અมԽ

17

EVEN, Emilie

Arsenic in river waters of the Hokusetsu Area of Osaka Prefecture— Distribution, origin and transport process18ദ୩ ެ‫ر‬෱ౡ‫ݝ‬඿௨Γೆ෦஍Ҭʹ͓͚Δ஍Լਫͷ଺ཹ࣌ؒਪఆ

19‫ ࢁؙ‬๛

Ѵ઒൙ཞ‫͚͓ʹݪ‬Δ‫͔ͭൃ׆‬෦෼తͳՏ઒ — ஍Լਫަྲྀͱͦͷ෺࣭॥‫΁؀‬ͷӨ‫ڹ‬

20

Ԟా ঢ

Ϧϯࢎʖࢎૉ҆ఆಉҐମ෼ੳ͕୓͘Ϧϯ॥‫ڀݚ؀‬ͷᴈ໌

21

খ໺ࣉ ਅҰա‫ ڈ‬1 ສ೥ʹ͓͚Δ੉‫಺ށ‬ւԬࢁԊ‫΁؛‬ͷϦϯ‫څڙ‬มಈ

22

Ҵ࡚ ෋࢜

ஜ‫ޙ‬઒ఈ࣭ίΞࢼྉͷଯੵֶతղੳʹ‫ཻࡉͮ͘ج‬෼ͷߑਫ࣌Ҡૹɹ‫ޱ‬಄ൃද

23ೖ໺ ஐ‫ٱ‬༲ࢠߐՏ઒ਫ͓Αͼ౦γφււਫͷਫૉ · ࢎૉಉҐମൺͷ‫ق‬અมಈ

PM2

24

ᜊ౻ ޫ୅

Ԋ‫૶؛‬৔෼෍Ҭʹ͓͚Δ஍Լਫྲྀग़ͷධՁ

ɹɹ࠲௕

25

҆‫ ݩ‬७

αϯΰ঴ւҬ΁ͷ஍Լਫ‫ܦ‬༝ͷӫཆԘෛՙྔͷਪఆͱ෋ӫཆԽ͕αϯΰͷੴփԽʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫ڹ‬

26

MOHD NAJIB,
Sumayyah aimi

Soil Loss and sediment yield assessment from 1974–2012 in the somewest-coast river catchments, Penang Island Malaysia

P01

ੴ઒ ຬൣ

ઙؒࢁ‫ܥ‬Տ઒ʹ͓͚Δఈటதͷ༗֐ඍྔ‫ݩ‬ૉͷ༌ૹ · ௜఼ಛੑ

P02

஗ւ

Տ઒தͷ༗֐ඍྔ‫ݩ‬ૉͷίϩΠυଶమʹΑΔ༌ૹϞσϧ

P03

஑্ จ߳

ྲྀҬ‫ͱڥ؀‬෺࣭॥‫ؔ͢ʹ؀‬Δൺֱ‫ޒ — ڀݚ‬ౡྻౡͷখྲྀҬΛࣄྫʹ —P04‫ ࢁؙ‬๛

ੵઇྲྀҬʹ͓͚Δ௕‫ظ‬ͷՏ઒ਫԹมಈʹ‫ީؾͮ͘ج‬มಈޮՌͷਪఆ

P05

খ໺ࣉ ਅҰ

౎ࢢ‫͔߫ۙͼٴ‬ΒͳΔେ࿨઒ྲྀҬʹ͓͚Δ஍Լਫᔻཆͷۭؒ෼෍

P06

༗෌ େथ

஍Լਫྲྀಈʹ൐͏ࢎԽؐ‫ిݩ‬Ґมಈ‫ͼٴ‬঳ࢎଶ஠ૉೱ౓มԽP07

HOSSAIN,
Shahadat

Factors controling elevated ﬂuoride concentrations in groundwaters
at the western part of Kumamoto area, JapanP08‫ٱ‬อా ෋࣍࿠೶‫ͨ༻ۀ‬Ί஑ʹ͓͚Δਫதͷ์ࣹੑηγ΢ϜͷϞχλϦϯά

P09 ˒

⅓Ԭ लथ

҆ఆಉҐମൺ෼ੳʹΑΔԊ‫؛‬ੑҟମྨஓ‫ڕ‬ͷҠಈਪఆɹ‫ޱ‬಄ൃද

PM1ɹɹ࠲௕ɹ஌๺࿨‫ٱ‬

খ໺ࣉਅҰ

ɹϙελʔ
ηογϣϯ
ɹɹ࠲௕
ɹখྛ੓޿

఍̬ົ̬ሗ̬࿌
I. 2015ʢH27ʣ೥౓ɹୈ 3 ճࣄ຿‫ہ‬ձٞ೔࣌ɿ2015 ೥ 7 ݄ 27 ೔৔ใࠂࣄ߲ɿ
1. Web ޿ࠂͷࢼߦͷऔΓ૊Έ։࢝ʹ͍ͭͯॴɿࠤլେֶʢࡾॏେֶͱͷؒ͸௨৴ձٞʣ

2. ࿦จΞοϓϩʔυͷ֎஫ʹ͍ͭͯ
3. ඇֶձһ΁ͷґཔ‫ߘݪ‬औΓѻ͍ʹ͍ͭͯ
4. ௕‫ظ‬ձඅະೲऀ΁ͷରԠํ਑ʹ͍ͭͯ
5. ֶੜձһͷଔ‫ޙۀ‬ͷಈ޲ʢਖ਼ձһ΁ͷҠߦɼୀձग़੮໾һɿ௕ʢձ௕ʣ
ɼऔग़ʢฤूҕһ௕ʣɼ౉ล
ʢฤू‫ࣄװ‬ʣɼத໺ʢॸ຿‫ࣄװ‬ʣɼ‫ٶ‬ຊʢॸ຿‫ࣄװ‬ʣɼۙ౻ʢձ‫ࣄװܭ‬ʣٞ୊ɿ

1. ௕‫ظ‬ձඅະೲऀ΁ͷରԠʹ͍ͭͯ
2. ֶձେձγϯϙδ΢Ϝ४උঢ়‫͍ͯͭʹگ‬
3. ࿦จ৆બߟεέδϡʔϧͷ֬ೝ
4. ࿦จ Web ެ։ͷλΠϛϯάʹ͍ͭͯ
5. ୈ 2 ճධٞһձͷ಺༰֬ೝ౤ߘ‫ن‬ఆͷมߋҊɼWeb ޿ࠂͷऔΓ૊Έɼ࿦จΞοϓϩʔυํ๏౳

6. ిࢠతஶ࡞‫ݖ‬؅ཧҕୗʹ͍ͭͯ
7. ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑͷࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷ༧ఆʹ͍ͭͯ౳ʣʹ͍ͭͯ

6. ిࢠతஶ࡞‫ݖ‬ͷҕୗʹ͍ͭͯ
7. ֶձେձ‫ؒظ‬தͷධٞһձ։࠵ʹ͍ͭͯ

III. 2015ʢH27ʣ೥౓ɹୈ 4 ճࣄ຿‫ہ‬ձٞ೔࣌ɿ2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 5 ೔৔ॴɿࠤլେֶʢࡾॏେֶͱͷؒ͸௨৴ձٞʣ

ग़੮໾һɿ௕ʢձ௕ʣɼऔग़ʢฤूҕһ௕ʣɼ౉ล
ʢฤू‫ࣄװ‬ʣɼத໺ʢॸ຿‫ࣄװ‬ʣɼ‫ٶ‬ຊʢॸ຿‫ࣄװ‬ʣɼۙ౻ʢձ‫ࣄװܭ‬ʣ

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2. 2014 ೥౓༧ࢉʢܾࢉʣͱ 2015 ೥౓༧ࢉʢҊʣ
3. ֶձ৆ɿҕһձਪનܾఆ࿦จͷใࠂɼϙελʔ৆࣌ɿ౼ٞɹ 2015 ೥ 8 ݄ 17 ೔ ∼ 9 ݄ 28 ೔࠾ܾɹ 2015 ೥ 9 ݄ 8 ೔ ∼ 9 ݄ 16 ೔ͷ৹ࠪʹ͍ͭͯ

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6. ‫ࢍڠ‬ɼ‫΁࠵ڞ‬ͷରԠ‫ݾ‬ɼՃ౻ӳ޹ɼ‫ޱݪ‬ெ࿕ɼ੢ଜɹ୓ɼ‫ٶ‬ຊًਔɼ๺઒ɹ‫؜‬ɼ౉ล৾ੜɼখਿ‫ݡ‬Ұ࿕ɼॾઘར࢚ɼ৿ɹ໵ੇࢤɼ๬݄लढ़ɼ
‫ٶ‬ຊӳ‫ش‬ɼҏ౻༞ೋɼ෢౻༝ࢠɼ٢઒ল
ࢠʢҕһ 18 ໊த 18 ໊ࢀՃɿ੒ཱʣ
ٞ

୊ɿ
৹ٞࣄ߲
1. ࿦จ Web ‫ࡌܝ‬ͷ‫ن‬ఆԽͱΦʔϓϯΞΫηεʹ͍ͭͯ

IV. 2015ʢH27ʣ೥౓ɹୈ 3 ճฤूҕһձ։࠵‫ࣜܗ‬ɿϝʔϧձٞ೔࣌ɿ࣭ٙԠ౴ · ౼࿦2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 20 ೔ ∼ 10 ݄ 26 ೔

ʢ1ʣࢼߦ͖ͯͨ͠࿦จͷ Web ‫ࡌܝ‬ͷ‫ن‬ఆԽͱΦʔ࠾ܾϓϯΞΫηεʹ͍ͭͯ౼ٞ͞Εɼ‫ن‬ఆจҊ͕ঝೝ͞Εͨɽ
ʢ2ʣిࢠ෇࿥ͷ‫ͦͱߦࢼࡌܝ‬ͷ޿ใ · ‫ݕ‬౼಺༰ɼ޿

2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 27 ೔ ∼ 10 ݄ 29 ೔ग़੮ҕһɿऔग़৳෉ɼখਿ‫ݡ‬Ұ࿕ɼઍ༿ࠀ‫ݾ‬ɼ௼ాཽ໵ɼத઒ɹ‫ܒ‬ɼத௰හ࿕ɼ‫ڮ‬ຊ༸ฏɼใจҊʹ͍ͭͯ౼ٞ͞Εɼঝೝ͞Εͨɽॾઘར࢚ɼ‫ٶ‬ຊًਔɼ๬݄लढ़ɼ٢ాम

2. γχΞձһ΁ͷมߋγχΞձһͱͯ͠ͷొ࿥มߋ͕̍݅ঝೝ͞Εͨɽ

3. ҎԼͷ 2 ݅ͷ‫ޙ‬ԉʹ͍ͭͯɼঝೝ͞Εͨ
ʢ1ʣMARCO αςϥΠτϫʔΫγϣοϓ 2015ओ࠵ɿࠃཱ‫ڀݚ‬։ൃ๏ਓ೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫ॴڀݚ‬ɼࠃཱ‫ڀݚ‬։ൃ๏ਓࠃࡍ೶ྛਫ࢈‫ڀݚۀ‬ηϯλʔʢ2ʣ2015 ౔৕ਫ෼ϫʔΫγϣοϓ
ओ࠵ɿ2015 ౔৕ਫ෼ϫʔΫγϣοϓ࣮ߦҕһձҰ࿠ʢҕһ 11 ໊த 11 ໊ࢀՃɿ੒ཱʣ
ٞࣄ಺༰

1. ٞ୊
ʢ1ʣฤूҕһ௕ΑΓఏҊͷ͋ͬͨʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ131 ߸ʯͷൃߦ‫ܭ‬ը͕શձҰகͰঝೝ͞Εͨɽ
2. ใࠂ
ʢ1ʣฤू‫ࣄװ‬ΑΓɼ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷӾಡͷਐߦঢ়‫͕گ‬ใࠂ͞Εͨɽʢ2ʣ֤ҕһΑΓɼ֤ಛूͷਐ௙͕ใࠂ͞Εͨɽ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 131 ߸ɹ (2015)68
V. 2015ʢH27ʣ೥౓ɹୈ 3 ճධٞһձ೔࣌ɿ2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 24 ೔৔ॴɿࠤլେֶ

ग़੮ҕһɿ҆த෢޾ɼઍ༿ࠀ‫ݾ‬ɼ੢ଜɹ୓ɼ౉ล৾ੜɼ
ॾઘར࢚ɼ৿ɹ໵ੇࢤɼ๬݄लढ़ɼ‫ٶ‬ຊӳ

7. ֶձαʔϏεͷిࢠԽͷਐలʹ͍ͭͯʢใࠂʣ
8. ౤ߘ‫ن‬ఆͷվగʢ৹ٞʣɿձࠂͷͱ͓Γ
9. ࿦จ౤ߘͷ͓‫͍ئ‬
10. ٞ௕ղ೚
͢΂ͯͷ৹ٞࣄ߲ʹ͍ͭͯঝೝ͞Εͨɽ‫ش‬ɼҏ౻༞ೋɼ٢઒লࢠ
ʢҕ೚ঢ়ʣத௰හ࿕ɼ௩ຊ߁‫و‬ɼՃ౻ӳ޹ɼ‫ٶ‬ຊًਔɼ๺઒ɹ‫؜‬ɼখਿ‫ݡ‬Ұ࿕ɼ෢౻༝ࢠ
ʢҕһ 18 ໊தɹ 10 ໊ग़੮ɼ8 ໊ҕ೚ঢ়ఏग़ɿ
੒ཱʣ
ٞ

୊ɿ

1. 2015 ೥౓ࣄ‫ܭۀ‬ըʢҊʣ
2. 2014 ೥౓ձ‫ࢉܾܭ‬ʢҊʣ· ‫ࠪ؂‬ใࠂ
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4. 2015 ೥౓౔৕෺ཧֶձେձ࣮ࢪ‫ܭ‬ըʢҊʣ
5. 2015 ೥౓ֶձ৆ʢ࿦จ৆ʣ
6. ૯ձٞ௕ީิऀ
1∼6 ·Ͱ৹ٞͷ্ɼঝೝ͞Εͨ
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ࣄ‫ܭۀ‬ը
‫ؒظ‬ɿ2015 ೥ 4 ݄ 1 ೔ ∼2016 ೥ 3 ݄ 31 ೔

1. ֶձࢽʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯͷൃߦʢ130 ߸ɼ131
߸ɼ132 ߸ʣ2. ධٞһձͷ։࠵ɿదٓ։࠵
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4. 2015 ೥౓౔৕෺ཧֶձେձͷ։࠵ʢ2015 ೥
10 ݄ 24 ೔ɿࠤլେֶʣ
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ʢ2015 ೥ 10 ݄ 24 ೔ɿࠤլେֶʣ
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VII. 2014 ೥౓ձ‫ܭ‬ऩೖ · ࢧग़ܾࢉͱձ‫ܭ‬ใࠂ‫࠵ڞ‬೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕࿈߹ 2016 ೥࿈߹େձηογϣϯ

70 ϖʔδͷͱ͓Γʮ஍࣭ഔମʹ͓͚Δ෺࣭Ҡಈɼ෺࣭॥‫ڥ؀ͱ؀‬ධՁ/ ෺࣭Ҡಈͱ‫ڥ؀‬ධՁʯίϯϏʔφʔɹᖛຊণҰ࿠ɼ৿ɹ໵ੇࢤɼࡈ౻޿

VIII. 2015 ೥౓ձ‫ܭ‬༧ࢉོɼ઒ຊɹ݈ɼுɹ໏
ใࠂࣄ߲71 ϖʔδͷͱ͓Γ

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3. ձһಈ޲ʹ͍ͭͯ౔৕෺ཧֶձ
ձ௕ɹߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউɹ఼ձ‫ࠪ؂ܭ‬ใࠂ

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೔
࣌ɿ2014 ೥ 10 ݄ 24 ೔ʢ౔ʣ৔ॴɿࠤլେֶຊঙΩϟϯύε ཧ޻ֶ෦ 6 ߸‫ؗ‬ٞ୊ɿ৹ٞ · ใࠂࣄ߲

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౔৕෺ཧֶձ

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X. ձһফଉʢ2015 ೥ 11 ݄ 4 ೔·Ͱɼ‫ܟ‬শུʣೖձ ਖ਼ ձ һ

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VII. 2014 ೥౓ձ‫ܭ‬ऩೖ · ࢧग़ܾࢉͱձ‫ܭ‬ใࠂ

ࣗ 2014. 4. 1
ࢸ 2015. 3.31 ɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹ

ऩೖͷ෦
߲ɹɹ໨

༧ࢉֹ

ܾࢉֹ

૿ɹɹ‫ݮ‬‫܁‬ӽۚ

6,150,000

6,150,000

0

ਖ਼ձһձඅ

1,218,800

1,308,000

89,2005,500 ԁ × 236 + 10,000 ԁγχΞձһձඅ

31,20039,0007,800

3,000 ԁ × 13ֶੜձһձඅ

115,200

65,500˛ 49,700

ࢍॿձඅ

144,000

240,000

96,0008ࣾग़൛෺ച্300,000

537,500

237,500ߪಡձඅԆ΂ 72 ‫ޱ‬େձࢀՃඅ

530,000

301,000

˛ 229,000ࡶऩೖ

310,800

474,973

164,173

8,800,000

9,115,973

315,973߹ɹɹ‫ܭ‬

3,000 ԁ × 20 + 5,500 ԁ

ཁࢫू 3,000 ԁ × 57 ਓ ʹ 171,000 ԁɼ‫ۀا‬లࣔ 20,000 ԁ × 3 ࣾ = 60,000 ԁɼ‫ֶݟ‬ձࢀՃඅ 2,000 × 35 ਓ = 70,000 ԁ௒աϖʔδ౳ 397,059 ԁɼֶज़ձٞ 50,224 ԁɼͦͷଞ 27,690 ԁ˛ɿऩೖ‫ݮ‬

ࢧग़ͷ෦
߲ɹɹ໨

උɹɹߟ

༧ࢉֹ

ܾࢉֹ

૿ɹɹ‫ݮ‬

1,800,000

1,483,488

316,512

ձࢽ 126ɼ127ɼ128 ߸ൃߦྉ౳
ʢ1 ߸ 500 ෦ ໿ 60 ສԁʣ૯ձɼγϯϙδ΢Ϝඅ

530,000

294,051

235,949

૯ձɼγϯϙδ΢Ϝɼ‫ֶݟ‬ձ։࠵අɺཁࢫू୅ɺ
ΞϧόΠτ୅ɼ౳

௨৴අ

50,00034,954

15,046੥‫෇ૹॻٻ‬ྉ౳จ۩අ

50,0004,329

45,671ϑΝΠϧɼϖϯ౳௞ۚ

30,000030,000‫ۀ‬຿ΞϧόΠτʢ੥‫ॻٻ‬౳ൃૹɼςʔϓ‫͜͠ى‬ʣަ௨අ

300,000

225,500

74,500ަ௨අ౳ձٞඅ50,0006,632

43,368ධٞһձձ৔අɺࣄ຿‫ہ‬ձٞඅʢࣄ຿‫ہ‬Ҿ‫ܦ͗ܧ‬අʣֶձ৆બߟҕһձඅ

50,00032,324

17,676

৆ঢ় · ‫ه‬೦඼୅౳બ؅ҕһձඅ

100,000

84,946

15,054໊฽࡞੒ɼૹྉɼҹ࡮අ౳༧උඅ

5,840,000

124,4885,715,512

߹ɹ‫ܭ‬

8,800,000

2,290,712

6,509,288−

6,825,261−

8,800,000

9,115,973

315,973ձࢽ੡࡞අ࣍೥౓‫܁‬ӽۚ߹ɹɹ‫ܭ‬

˛ɿࢧग़૿

උɹɹߟ

ϗʔϜϖʔδߋ৽අ༻ɼ࿭੕࿈߹ձඅɼख਺ྉ‫ؚ‬Ή

71 ɹ

VIII. 2015 ೥౓ձ‫ܭ‬༧ࢉ
ࣗ 2015. 4. 1
ࢸ 2016. 3.31

ऩೖͷ෦
߲ɹɹ໨

౰೥౓༧ࢉ

લ೥౓༧ࢉ

૿ɹɹ‫ݮ‬

උɹɹߟ

‫܁‬ӽۚ

6,825,261

6,150,000

675,261ਖ਼ձһձඅ

1,201,200

1,218,800

˛ 17,600γχΞձһձඅ

38,40031,2007,200

16 ਓ × 3,000 × 0.8 = 38,400

ֶੜձһձඅ

72,000115,200

˛ 43,200

30 ਓ × 3,000 × 0.8 = 72,000ࢍॿձඅ

144,000

144,0000ग़൛෺ച্

285,000

300,000

˛ 15,000େձࢀՃඅ

320,000

530,000

˛ 210,000γϯϙࢀՃඅ (80 ਓ × 3,000 ԁ = 240,000 ԁ)ɼ
‫ۀا‬లࣔʢ4 × 20,000 ԁ = 80,000 ԁʣࡶऩೖ

254,139

310,800

˛ 56,661

ผ࡮Γɼ௒աϖʔδྉۚɼֶज़ձٞɼརଉ౳

߹‫ܭ‬9,140,000

8,800,000

340,000273 ਓ × 5,500 ԁ × 0.8 = 1,201,200

8 ࣾ × 22,500 ԁ × 0.8 = 144,000ߪಡձඅ (38 ձһ × 7,500 = 285,000)ɼ
όοΫφϯόʔചΓ্͛ɼ༻‫ࣄޠ‬యചΓ্͛˛ɿऩೖ‫ݮ‬

ࢧग़ͷ෦
߲ɹɹ໨

౰೥౓༧ࢉ

લ೥౓༧ࢉ

૿ɹɹ‫ݮ‬

1,800,000

1,800,0000ձࢽ 129ɼ130ɼ131 ߸ൃߦྉ౳
ʢ1 ߸ 450 ෦ ໿ 60 ສԁʣ૯ձɼγϯϙδ΢Ϝඅ

320,000

530,000

˛ 210,000૯ձɼγϯϙδ΢Ϝɼཁࢫू୅ɼ
ΞϧόΠτ୅ɼ౳

௨৴අ

50,00050,0000੥‫෇ૹॻٻ‬ྉ౳จ۩අ

50,00050,0000෧౵ɼϑΝΠϧ౳௞ۚ

30,00030,0000‫ۀ‬຿ΞϧόΠτʢ੥‫ॻٻ‬౳ൃૹɼςʔϓ‫͜͠ى‬ʣަ௨අ

150,000

300,000

˛ 150,000

ձٞඅ

50,00050,0000ධٞһձձ৔අɼࣄ຿‫ہ‬ձٞඅֶձ৆બߟҕһձඅ

50,00050,0000৆ঢ় · ‫ه‬೦඼୅౳0

100,000

˛ 100,000໊฽࡞੒ɼૹྉɼҹ࡮අ౳ (ຊ೥౓ແ͠)200,0000

200,000ϗʔϜϖʔδߋ৽අ༻ɼ࿭੕࿈߹ձඅ

༧උඅ

6,440,000

5,840,000

600,000߹ɹ‫ܭ‬9,140,000

8,800,000

340,000ձࢽ੡࡞අબ؅ҕһձඅֶձ؅ཧඅඋɹɹߟ˛ɿ౰೥౓‫ݮ‬ަ௨අ౳ʢࣄ຿‫ہ‬Ҿ‫ܦ͗ܧ‬අແ͠ʣ

72—ฤ ू ‫— ه ޙ‬ຊ߸ͱ࣍߸Ͱಛूʮ࠷ۙͷ஍Լਫ‫ڀݚ‬ʯΛ͓ಧ͚͠ࢲ͸ʮͳΔ΄Ͳʂʯͱೲಘ͠ɼ͜ͷςʔϚΛम࿦ͷ‫ڀݚ‬՝୊ͱ͠ɼࠓ೔ʹࢸΓ·͢ɽ࣮͸ɼࢲࣗ਎͕ʮ஍Լਫֶ

·͢ɽ΋͏ 30 ೥ۙ͘લͷࢲࣄͰ‫ڪ‬ॖͰ͕͢ɼ‫ݐ‬ઃձࣾΛࣙͱ౔৕෺ཧֶͷ઀఺ʯͰ‫ڀݚ‬Λ։͍࢝ͯͨ͜͠ͱʹ‫ͮؾ‬ΊͯେֶӃʹೖֶͨ͠௚‫ޙ‬ɼࢦಋ‫͔׭ڭ‬Βʮ‫ڀݚ‬ςʔϚ͖·ͨ͠ɽ‫ޡ‬ղͷͳ͍Α͏ʹ‫͕͢·͖͓ͯͬݴ‬ɼࢲ͸ܾ͸Ͳ͏͢Δʁʯͱฉ͔Εɼଈ࠲ʹʮ஍Լਫʹؔ͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬ͯ͠౔৕෺ཧֶ͕‫ͨͬ͋Ͱ͍ݏ‬Θ͚Ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɽ͕͍ͪͨ͠ʯͱฦ౴͠·ͨ͠ɽ޾͍ʹͯ͠ɼͪΐ͏ͲͦͷͳΈʹɼ͜ͷαϒςʔϚΛ‫঺ʹࣨڀݚ‬հͯͩͬͨ͘͠͞

ࠒɼՊֶٕज़ிʢ౰࣌ʣ͔Βʮ߱ੵઇରࡦͷߴ౓Խʹؔͷ͸ɼຊ߸Ͱࣥ͝ච͍͍͍ͨͩͯΔ஍Լਫͷઐ໳Ոɼ౻

͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬ʯͷαϒςʔϚʮෆ๞࿨ଳ΁ͷ೤ଛࣦͷఆྔԽೄࠀ೭ઌੜͰͨ͠ɽ

ʹؔ͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬ʯ͕‫ʹࣨڀݚ‬ҕୗ͞Ε͍ͯͨͷͰɼࢦಋ‫ڭ‬ಛूʮ࠷ۙͷ஍Լਫ‫ڀݚ‬ʯҎ֎ʹ΋ɼࣗओ౤ߘ࿦จɼߨ

‫͔׭‬Β͜ͷςʔϚͰవΊΔΑ͏‫ק‬ΊΒΕ·ͨ͠ɽҕୗ‫ݚ‬࠲ʮ‫ݹ‬యΛಡΉʯɼࠃࡍ౔৕೥ಛूʮ౔ཻࢠʯͱϫΫϫΫ‫ڀ‬ͷςʔϚ͸஍Լଳਫ૚΁ͷ೤ΤωϧΪʔஷཹʹؔ͢Δ

͢ΔΑ͏ͳ಺༰͕ຬࡌͰ͢ɽಡऀͷօ͞Μʹ͸ੋඇ͢΂΋ͷͰʠ஍Լਫʹؔ͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬ʡͦͷ΋ͷͰͨ͠ɽ͔͠͠ɼ

ͯͷ‫ʹࣄه‬໨Λ௨͍ͯͨͩ͘͜͠ͱΛ੾๬͠·͢ɽαϒςʔϚࣗମ͸౔৕ΧϥϜதͷ೤ · ਫಉ࣌Ҡಈʹؔ͢
Δ‫Ͱڀݚ‬ʠ౔৕෺ཧֶʡͷൣᙝʹࢥ͑ͨͷͰɼແ஌ͳࢲ

΋ͪΖΜɼ຺ʑͱ࿈ͳΔ஍Լਫϫʔϧυ΁ɼ࣍߸΋‫ޤ‬͏͝‫ظ‬଴ʂ

͸ʮ͜Ε͸౔৕෺ཧͰ͸ʯͱɼ΍΍ٙ໰ූΛ͚ͭͯਘͶ·ͨ͠ɽͦͷ࣌ͷࢦಋ‫׭ڭ‬ͷҰ‫ݴ‬ɼʮ·͋ɼ౔৕෺ཧͰର৅

ॾઘར࢚ʢฤूҕһʣ

ͱͳΔ๞࿨౔৕ଳ΋ϚΫϩʹͱΒ͑Ε͹஍Լਫ͔ͩΒʯɽ౔৕෺ཧֶձ
ࣄ຿‫ߏہ‬੒ձ௕෭ ձ ௕ॸ຿‫ࣄװ‬
ฤू‫ࣄװ‬
ձ‫ࣄװܭ‬
ձ‫ࠪ؂ܭ‬

ฤूҕһձ

ҕ һ ௕
ҕ
һ

௕
༟޾
ߐ‫ޱ‬
ఆ෉
த໺
‫ࢠܙ‬
‫ٶ‬ຊ
ӳ‫ش‬
౉ล
৾ੜ
ۙ౻
จٛ
த઒
‫ܒ‬
ಙຊ
Ո߁
औग़
৳෉
খਿ ‫ݡ‬Ұ࿕
ઍ༿
ࠀ‫ݾ‬
௼ా
ཽ໵
த઒
‫ܒ‬
த௰
හ࿕
‫ڮ‬ຊ
༸ฏɹ
ॾઘ
ར࢚
‫ٶ‬ຊ
ًਔ
๬݄
लढ़
٢ా मҰ࿠

ʢࠤլେֶʣ
ʢ೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣʢ೶‫۝ ߏػݚ‬भԭೄ೶‫ڀݚۀ‬ηϯλʔʣʢࠤլେֶʣ
ʢࡾॏେֶʣ
ʢࠤլେֶʣ
ʢ௕࡚େֶʣ
ʢࠤլେֶʣ
ʢࡾॏେֶʣ
ʢ‫౎ژ‬େֶʣ
ʢ‫ٶ‬৓େֶʣ
ʢ৿ྛ૯߹‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣʢ௕࡚େֶʣ
ʢʢ஍ಠʣ๺ւಓཱ૯߹‫ߏػڀݚ‬ʣʢ౦‫ژ‬೶޻େֶʣ
ʢԬࢁେֶʣʢ೶‫ ߏػݚ‬೶ଜ޻ֶ‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣʢ೶‫ـۙ ߏػݚ‬தࠃ࢛ࠃ೶‫ڀݚۀ‬ηϯλʔʣʢ౦‫ژ‬େֶʣ

೥౓͔ΒదԠ͢Δ͕ɼ౰֘೥౓தʹ༗ࢿ֨ͱͳͬͨ৔߹
͸ɼ࣍೥౓͔ΒదԠ͢Δɽ
ୈ 1 ৚ ຊֶձ͸౔৕෺ཧֶձʢJapanese Society of Soil Physicsʣ 3ʣγχΞձһͷ‫ݖ‬ར͸ਖ਼ձһʹ४ͣΔɽͨͩ͠ɼձଇୈ 6
ͱশ͢Δɽ৚ͰఆΊΔ໾һ͓Αͼୈ 9 ৚ͰఆΊΔҕһձҕһʹब͘
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ʢ2011.10.28 ੍ఆʣٕज़͓Αͼ‫ڥ؀‬Պֶͷൃలʹߩ‫͢ݙ‬Δ͜ͱΛ໨తͱ͢Δɽ
ୈ 3 ৚ ຊֶձ͸ͦͷ໨తΛୡ੒͢ΔͨΊʹ࣍ͷࣄ‫ۀ‬Λߦ͏.
ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ౤ߘ‫ن‬ఆ
ʢ1ʣ‫ൃڀݚ‬දձɼ౼࿦ձ͓Αͼ‫ֶݟ‬ձͳͲͷ։࠵
ʢ2ʣֶձࢽʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʢJournal of the Japanese Society
1. ච಄ஶऀ͸ຊֶձձһͰ͋Δ͜ͱɽʯฒͼʹͦͷଞͷҹ࡮෺ͷൃߦ
of Soil Physicsʣ
2. ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ۠෼ͱ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδ͸Լ‫ʹه‬ΑΔɽ
ʢ3ʣ಺֎ͷ‫ڀݚ‬ɼٕज़ͷަྲྀ͓Αͼଞͷֶձɼॾஂମͱͷ‫ྗڠ‬1ʣʮ࿦จʯʢOriginal papersʣɿಠ૑ੑ͕͋Γɼ౔৕
ʢ4ʣ༏Εͨ࿦จʹର͢Δදজͷ෺ཧੑʹؔ͢Δ‫͓ڀݚ‬Αͼٕज़ͷਐาʹ‫د‬༩͢Δ
ʢ5ʣͦͷଞɼຊֶձͷ໨తΛୡ੒͢ΔͨΊʹඞཁͳࣄ‫ۀ‬ͱ‫͞ͳݟ‬ΕΔ΋ͷɽҰฤ͝ͱʹ࿦จͱͯ͠ͷߏ੒Λ
ୈ 4 ৚ ຊֶձͷձһ͸ɼਖ਼ձһɼγχΞձһʢ͜Ε·Ͱਖ਼ձһ੔͍͑ͯͯɼଞࢽʹະൃදͷ΋ͷʹ‫ݶ‬Δɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔͰ͋ͬͯ 60 ࡀҎ্ͷৗ‫ۈ‬৬ʹब͍͍ͯͳ͍ऀʣ
ɼֶੜձδΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 6 ϖʔδҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽһ͓Αͼࢍॿձһɼߪಡձһͷ 5 छͱ͢Δɽֶձ΁ͷೖ
2ʣʮ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτʯʢNotesʣɿ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʹؔ͢Δ৽ձ·ͨ͸ୀձͷࡍ͸ɼຊֶձʹಧ͚ग़ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɽ͍͠ࣄ࣮΍‫ํڀݚ‬๏ͷվྑͳͲͷ୹͍ใࠂͰɼಠ૑
ୈ 5 ৚ ձһ͸࣍ͷձඅΛॴఆͷ‫ظ‬೔·ͰʹೲΊΔ΋ͷͱ͢Δɽ
ੑ͕͋Γଞࢽʹະൃදͷ΋ͷɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 4 ϖʔδҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽਖ਼ձһ೥ֹ
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ʢReviewsʣɿ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʹؔ͢Δओ୊ʹγχΞձһ೥ֹɹɹ ɹ 3,000 ԁ͍ͭͯɼͦΕ·Ͱͷ‫ڀݚ‬Λ૯‫ׅ͠‬ɼࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷൃలํ޲3,000 ԁֶੜձһ೥ֹΛల๬͢Δ΋ͷɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 6 ϖʔδʢେֶӃੜΛ‫ؚ‬ΉʣҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽ
22,500 ԁࢍॿձһҰ‫ޱ‬೥ֹ
4ʣʮղઆʯ
ʢLecturesʣɿ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʹؔ͢Δॾࣄ߲
7,500 ԁߪಡձһձࢽ೥ֹͷཧղΛ‫ܭ‬ΔͨΊͷฏқͳղઆɼͳΒͼʹ‫ٕڀݚ‬ज़
15,000 ԁ޿ࠂྉࢍॿձһͷී‫׵ަٴ‬ΛਐΊΔͨΊͷ঺հͳͲɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛ22,500 ԁࢍॿձһҎ֎
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5
ʣʮ‫঺ڀݚ‬հʯʢMy researchʣɿ‫͍ͯͬߦࡏݱ‬Δ‫ڀݚ‬ɼ
ୈ 6 ৚ ຊֶձʹ࣍ͷ໾һΛ͓͘ɽ೚‫ظ‬͸ 2 ೥ͱ͢Δɽͨͩ͠ɼ
ଞͷֶձࢽ౳ʹ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͨ࿦จɼ‫্ڀݚ‬ͷ޻෉ͳͲ
3 ‫ظ‬࿈ଓͷॏ೚͸ೝΊͳ͍ɽબग़ํ๏͸࣍ʹΑΔɽ
ʹ͍ͭͯͷฏқͳ঺հɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 6
ʢ1ʣձ௕ 1 ໊ɼ෭ձ௕ 1 ໊ɼฤूҕһ௕ 1 ໊ϖʔδҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽਖ਼ձһͷத͔ΒධٞһձʹΑͬͯબग़͞ΕΔɽ
6
ʣʮࢿྉʯ
ʢMiscellaneousʣɿ޿͘ձһͷࢀߟͱͳΔ
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ใࠂ΍৘ใɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 6 ϖʔδҎ಺Π 15 ໊ɹਖ਼ձһͷத͔Βબ‫ʹڍ‬Αͬͯબग़͞ΕΔɽ
ͱ͢Δɽ
ϩ 3 ໊Ҏ಺Λձ௕͕ਖ਼ձһͷத͔Βҕ৤͢Δɽ
7ʣʮ౔ཻࢠʯʢReaders’ columnʣɿʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯʢ3ʣձ‫ ࠪ؂ܭ‬2 ໊पลͷ͜ͱʹ͍ͭͯͷਵ૝΍ҙ‫Ͳͳݟ‬ɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδਖ਼ձһͷத͔ΒධٞһձʹΑͬͯબग़͞ΕΔɽΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 2 ϖʔδҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽ
ʢ4ʣ‫ࣄװ‬ए‫໊ׯ‬8ʣʮߨ࠲ʯ
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6. ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬Λड͚෇͚ͨ৔߹ɼฤूҕһձ͸଎΍͔ʹड෇൪
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ʣɽʢ2015.10. 24 վਖ਼ʣ 25. Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬͸ɼຊจͷ͋ͱʹஶऀ໊ͷ ABC ॱʹॻ͘ɽະൃදɼࢲ৴͸Ҿ༻จ‫͍ͳ͠ࡌهͯ͠ͱݙ‬ɽ
26. Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬ͷॻ͖ํ͸ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹ͢Δɽ
ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ‫ࣥߘݪ‬චཁྖ< ࡶࢽ >શൠతࣄ߲৿ຊɹ૱, Ӭాɹम, ઒ຊɹ݈, ௕୩઒पҰ (2009): ట୸
1. ‫ߘݪ‬͸ɼ೔ຊ‫ͨ·ޠ‬͸ӳ‫ࣥͰޠ‬ච͢Δɽ
ྛ౔৕ͷԹࣨޮՌΨεͷੜ੒ͱফࣦɽ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɼ
2. ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ߘݪ‬͸ɼA4 ൑ɼ25 ࣈɼ26 ߦͱ͠ɼ্Լࠨӈ113: 3-12.
ʹ 30 mm Ҏ্ͷ༨നΛͱΔʢ4 ຕͰ 1 ϖʔδʹͳΔʣɽ
Fujimaki, H., Ando, Y., Cui, Y. and Inoue, M. (2008):
3. ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ͷ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ʢͨͩ͠ɼॻධ͸আ͘ʣ͸ɼ͸͡ΊʹParameter estimation of root water uptake model೔ຊ‫Ͱޠ‬ද୊ɼஶऀ໊Λॻ͖ɼͦͷ͋ͱʹӳ‫Ͱޠ‬ද୊ͱunder salinity stress. Vadose Zone Journal, 7: 31ஶऀ໊ʢϑϧωʔϜʣΛॻ͍͔ͯΒຊจΛॻ͖࢝ΊΔɽ38.
ӳ‫ޠ‬ͷද୊͸ɼ๯಄ͷ୯‫ޠ‬ͷ಄จࣈͷΈΛେจࣈͱ͠ɼ
Millington, R.J. and Quirk, J.P. (1959): PermeabilͦΕҎ߱͸‫ݻ‬༗໊ࢺ౳ɼಛʹେจࣈ͕ඞཁͳ৔߹Λআ͖ɼ
ity of porous media. Nature, 183: 387-388, doi:શͯখจࣈͱ͢Δɽӳ‫ޠ‬ͷஶऀ໊͸໊ͷ 1 จࣈ໨͓Αͼ
10.1038/183387a0.
੏ͷશͯΛେจࣈͰ‫͢ه‬ɽ·ͨɼୈ 1 ϖʔδԼͷ‫٭‬஫
Bitteli, M., Flury, M. and Campbell, G.S. (2003): Aʹɼஶऀͷॴଐ‫ࡏॴͱؔػ‬஍Λӳ‫Ͱޠ‬ɼCorresponding
thermo dielectric analyzer to measure the freezAuthor ͱ͢Δஶऀͷࢯ໊ͱॴଐΛ೔ຊ‫͢هͰޠ‬ɽ
ing and moisture characteristic of porous me4. ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ͷ࿦จ͓Αͼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτ͸ɼӳ‫ʹޠ‬ΑΔද୊ · ஶ
dia. Water Resour. Res., 39(2): W1041, doi:ऀ໊ͱຊจͱͷؒʹӳ‫ Ͱޠ‬300 words ఔ౓ͷ Abstract
10.1029/2001WR000930.
ͱ 5 ‫ݸ‬Ҏ಺ͷ Key words ΛೖΕΔɽ
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5. ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ͷ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ʢͨͩ͠ɼࢿྉͱ౔ཻࢠɼॻධΛআ͘ʣ
Tinker, P.B. and Nye, P.H. (2000): Solute movement͸ɼҾ༻จ‫ݙ‬ͷ‫ʹޙ‬೔ຊ‫ Ͱޠ‬350 ࣈఔ౓ͷཁࢫɼ͓Αͼin the rhizosphere, p.308. Oxford University Press,
5 ‫ݸ‬Ҏ಺ͷΩʔϫʔυΛॻ͘ɽ
New York.
6. ӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ߘݪ‬͸ɼA4 ൑ɼμϒϧεϖʔεͰ࡞੒͢Δʢ໿౔৕‫ڥ؀‬෼ੳ๏ฤूҕһձฤ (1997): ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬෼ੳ๏,
600 words Ͱ 1 ϖʔδʹͳΔʣ
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pp.129-138. ത༑ࣾ, ౦‫ژ‬.
7. ӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ʢͨͩ͠ɼॻධ͸আ͘ʣ͸ɼManuscriptদ৿‫( ࣏ݎ‬2005): ஍ཧ৘ใγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ஠ૉෛՙ༧
titleɼFull name of authors Λॻ͍͔ͯΒຊจΛॻ͖࢝ଌϞσϧ. ೾ᆽ໺ོհ · ‫ݘ‬෬࿨೭ฤɹଓ · ‫ڥ؀‬ෛՙΛΊΔɽஶऀ໊͸ First name ͷ 1 จࣈ໨͓Αͼ Family
༧ଌ͢Δ, pp. 60-79. ത༑ࣾ, ౦‫ژ‬.
name ͷશͯΛେจࣈͰ‫͢ه‬ɽ·ͨɼୈ 1 ϖʔδԼ
Jury, W.A. (1996): Stochastic solute transport modͷ‫٭‬஫ʹɼAddress of institutions of authors ͓Αͼeling trends and their potential compatibility with
Corresponding author Λ‫͢ه‬ɽ
GIS. In Corwin, D.L. and Loague, K. (ed.) Appli8. ӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ࿦จ͓Αͼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτ͸ɼFull name of authors
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cial Publication No. 48, Madison.
9. ӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ʢͨͩ͠ɼࢿྉͱ౔ཻࢠɼॻධ͸আ͘ʣ
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ॴࡏ஍ɼ350 ࣈఔ౓ͷཁࢫɼ5 ‫ݸ‬Ҏ಺ͷΩʔϫʔυΛͭsoils. Available at http://www.fao.org/ag/AGL
͚Δɽͳ͓ɼஶऀ͕֎ࠃਓͷΈͷͨΊʹ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬෦෼ͷ࡞
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χϡΞϧ. http://vegetea.naro.affrc.go.jp/joho/manual
10. ӳ‫ޠ‬ͷదਖ਼Խ͸͢΂ͯஶऀͷ੹೚ʹ͓͍ͯߦ͏͜ͱɽࣗ
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ʢࡶࢽͷϖʔδʹ͸ p. ΍ pp. Λ͚ͭͳ͍ɽຊͷ୯਺εϐʔΧʔʹΑͬͯνΣοΫ͞Ε͍ͯΔࣄ͕๬·͍͠ɽϖʔδΛࣔ͢৔߹ʹ͸ p.ɼෳ਺ϖʔδΛࣔ͢৔߹ʹ͸
11. Ӿಡऴྃ‫࠷ʹޙ‬ऴ‫ߘݪ‬Λఏग़͢Δͱ͖ʹ͸ɼฤूҕһձpp. Λ͚ͭΔʣ
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Λ 5 ߦຖʹॻ͖ೖΕΔɽ
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14. ུ‫ޠ‬ɼུ߸Λ࢖͏ͱ͖ʹ͸ɼ͸͡ΊʹͦΕ͕ग़ͨͱ͖ʹਖ਼͍ΔͷͰɼ͜͜ʹ͸ɼ౔৕෺ཧʹಛʹؔ࿈ͷਂ͍୯Ґͷ࢖໊ࣜশͱͱ΋ʹࣔ͢ʢྫɿཅΠΦϯަ‫׵‬༰ྔʢCECʣʣɽ༻ྫΛࣔ͢ɽ
15. ୯Ґͷ࢖͍ํ͸ɼࠃࡍ୯Ґ‫ܥ‬ʢSIʣʹΑΔɽ
ਪ঑͞ΕΔ୯ҐೝΊΒΕΔ୯Ґਤද‫ؚ‬ਫൺ
kg kg−1*
16. ೔ຊ‫͓ޠ‬Αͼӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ͱߘݪ‬΋ʹɼਤ·ͨ͸ࣸਅͷ൪߸͸ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰
m3 m−3Fig. 1ɼද͸ Table 2 ͷΑ͏ʹॻ͘ɽମੵm3
L, cm3 , mL
17. ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ͷ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ɼਤɼදɼࣸਅͷ୊໊ີ౓
kg m3 , Mg m−3ʹ͸ӳ‫ޠ‬Λซ‫͢ه‬Δɽೱ౓
kg m−3 , Mg m−3
g L−1 , mg L−1Ϟϧೱ౓
mol m−3
mol L−1
18. ਤɼදɼࣸਅ͸ඞཁ࠷খ‫͠ͱ౓ݶ‬ɼಉҰࣄ߲Λදͱਤʹྗ
Nॏෳͯ͠දࣔ͢Δࣄ͸ආ͚Δɽ
ਫ෼ϙςϯγϟϧ J kg−1
kPa, m, cm, **19. ਤɼදɼࣸਅ͸ 1 ϖʔδʹ 1 ͭͣͭషΓ෇͚ɼ༨നʹਤ
ಁਫ܎਺
m s−1
cm s−1ද౳ͷ൪߸Λ‫͢ه‬ɽ−1−1
c kg , cmolc kg
20. ਤͱࣸਅ͸ͦͷ··੡൛͞ΕΔͷͰɼ઱໌ͳ΋ͷΛఏग़͢Δɽ ΠΦϯަ‫׵‬༰ྔ mol
ճస਺
s−1
min−1
21. ਤ͸ 1/2 ഒͳͲͱ͓Αͦͷॖখ཰Λࢦఆ͠ɼ2 ഒ͘Β͍ऩྔkg m−2kg ha−1, Mg ha−1, t ha−1ʹେ͖͘ॻ͘ɽਤͷઢͷଠ͞΍จࣈͷେ͖͞͸ɼ࡮Γ্
* % දࣔ͸ɼ‫ݪ‬ଇͱͯ͠෼฼ͱ෼ࢠͷ಺༰͕ಉ͡΋ͷͷ৔͕Γͷେ͖͞Λߟྀܾͯ͠ΊΔɽ߹ʹ͚ͩ༻͍Δɽ
22. ஍ਤ΍‫ݦ‬ඍ‫ࣸڸ‬ਅʹ͸ఆईΛ͚ͭɼॖई΍ഒ཰͸͚ͭͳ͍ɽ
**cm
H2 O ͸࢖Θͳ͍ɽ23. ਤɼදɼࣸਅͷ൪߸ͱ୊໊͸ɼผࢴʹ·ͱΊͯҰཡදͱ͢Δɽͦͷଞɼٙ໰ͷ͋Δ΋ͷʹ͍ͭͯ͸ҙ‫ݟ‬Λฉ͍ͯฤूҕҾ༻จ‫ݙ‬
һձͰ‫ݕ‬౼͢Δɽ
ʢ2000. 3.10 վਖ਼ʣʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ౤ߘҊ಺

1. ౤ߘ‫ʹߘݪ‬ର͢Δ‫ج‬ຊํ਑ɹฤूҕһձ͸ৗʹձһ͔Βͷࣗओ౤ߘΛ‫ܴ͢׻‬Δͱ‫ڞ‬ʹɼ౤ߘ͞Εͨ‫ߘݪ‬ΛͳΔ΂͘ૣ͘ɼͰ͖Δ͚ͩ‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δํ޲Ͱॲཧ͍ͨ͠ͱߟ͍͑ͯ·͢ɽͨͩ͠ɼ
ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯʹ‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δ‫ߘݪ‬͸ಡऀʹͱͬͯ༗ӹ͔ͭ‫׬‬੒ͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕ඞཁͰ͢ɽฤूҕһձ͸ɼ౤ߘ‫͕ߘݪ‬ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯʹ‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δͷʹ;͞Θ͍͠಺༰Λ࣋ͭ‫ݪ‬
ߘͰ͋Δ͔Ͳ͏͔Λ‫ج‬४ͱͯ͠ɼ‫ࡌܝ‬ͷՄ൱Λ൑அ͠·͢ɽͳ͓ɼଞࢽͱͷೋॏ౤ߘ͸ೝΊΒΕ·ͤΜɽ
2. ౤ߘ‫ٻʹߘݪ‬ΊΒΕΔ΋ͷ
ɹ౤ߘʹ౰ͨͬͯ͸ɼʮ౤ߘҊ಺ʯͱ‫ʹڞ‬ʮ౤ߘ‫ن‬ఆʯʮ‫ࣥߘݪ‬චཁྖʯΛΑ͘ಡΜͰͦΕʹै͏ͱ‫ʹڞ‬ɼӾಡऀ͕ଟ๩ͳதͰ࣌ؒΛׂ͘͜ͱΛΑ͘ཧղͯ͠࠷େ‫౒ʹݶ‬ྗͯ͠‫׬‬੒ͨ͠‫͔ͯ͠ͱߘݪ‬Β౤ߘͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ౤ߘ‫ݪ‬ߘʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔ΋ͷ͸Լͷ௨ΓͰ͢ɽ
ʢ1ʣ ಺༰ʹ͍ͭͯ
1ʣΦϦδφϦςΟʔ͕͋Δ͜ͱʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ2ʣຊࢽͷಡऀʹͱͬͯ༗ӹͰ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3ʣಋೖɼ‫ڀݚ‬ख๏͔Β݁࿦ʹࢸΔաఔʹ࿦ཧੑ͕͋Δ͜ͱɽ
ʢ2ʣ ද‫͍ͯͭʹݱ‬1ʣ‫ߘݪ‬શମͷߏ੒͕੔͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱɽ
2ʣද୊͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3ʣจষද‫͕ݱ‬ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
4ʣӳจΞϒετϥΫτ΍࿨จཁࢫ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
5ʣSI ୯Ґ΍‫߸ه‬ͷ࢖͍ํ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
6ʣΩʔϫʔυ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
7ʣӳ‫ޠ‬ͷද‫͕ݱ‬ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3. ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ͷड෇ɹฤूҕһձ͸౤ߘ‫͕ߘݪ‬ମࡋ্࠷খ‫ݶ‬ඞཁͱ͢Δ৚݅
Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͜ͱΛ֬ೝͨ͠‫ޙ‬ɼ‫ߘݪ‬Λड͚෇͚·͢ɽ৚݅Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠ͳ͍৔߹ʹ͸ɼஶऀ΁ͷ໰͍߹Θͤɼ΋͘͠͸‫ߘݪ‬Λड͚෇͚ͣͦͷ··ฦߘ͢Δ৔߹͕͋Γ·͢ɽ
4. Ӿಡͷ໨తͱ࢟੎
ɹฤूҕһձ͸ड͚෇͚ͨ౤ߘ‫͕ߘݪ‬ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ΁‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δͷʹ;͞Θ͍͔͠Ͳ͏͔Λ൑ఆ͢ΔࢿྉΛಘΔͨΊʹӾಡΛߦ͍·͢ɽฤूҕһձ͸ద೚ͷӾಡऀΛબఆ͠ɼӾಡΛґཔ͠·͢ɽɹฤूҕһձ͸Ӿಡऀʹରͯ͠ಛʹ࣍ͷ఺ʹ͍ͭͯ஫ҙΛ͓‫͢·͍͍ͯ͠ئ‬ɽ1ʣ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ಺༰ʹର͢Δ੹೚͸ஶऀʹ͋Δ͜ͱɽ·ͨɼ‫ߘݪ‬ͷՁ஋͸ಡऀ͕൑அ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
2ʣӾಡ͸಺༰ͷ൷൑΍౼ٞΛߦ͏΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍͜ͱɽ
ैͬͯɼ‫ݟ‬ղͷ૬ҧ͸‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదͷཧ༝ʹͳΒͳ͍͜ͱɽ
3ʣӾಡऀ͸౤ߘऀʹରͯ͠‫ࢦڀݚ‬ಋ͢Δཱ৔ʹͳ͍͜ͱɽैͬͯɼ৽ͨͳ࣮‫ݧ‬΍‫ࢉܭ‬ͷ௥Ճཁ‫Ͳͳٻ‬͸‫ۃ‬ྗආ͚Δ͜ͱɽ
4ʣӾಡґཔ‫ݶظ‬Λ‫ݫ‬क͢Δ͜ͱɽ
ɹӾಡऀ͔Βग़͞Εͨ໰୊఺ʹ͍ͭͯɼฤूҕһձ͸‫͕ߘݪ‬౤ߘ‫ٻʹߘݪ‬ΊΒΕΔ΋ͷΛຬͨͨ͢ΊʹඞཁʹԠͯ͡ஶऀʹमਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ί·͢ɽͨͩ͠ɼ͜Ε͸ஶऀʹର͢Δࢦಋ΍ॿ‫Ͱݴ‬͸͋Γ·ͤΜɽ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ಺༰ʹର͢Δ੹೚͸͋͘·Ͱஶऀʹ͋Γ·͢ɽ5. Ӿಡͷखॱͱ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ࠾൱
ʢ1ʣ ฤूҕһձ͸࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτʹ͍ͭͯ͸ 2 ਓɼͦͷଞͷ۠෼ͷ౤ߘ‫͍ͯͭʹߘݪ‬͸ 1 ਓͷద೚ऀ΁ӾಡΛґཔ͠·͢ɽ
ʢ2ʣ Ӿಡऀ͸ʮ2ʯͷ౤ߘ‫ٻʹߘݪ‬ΊΒΕΔ֤߲໨ʹ͍ͭͯ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ΛධՁ͠ɼӾಡ݁ՌΛશମҙ‫͓ݟ‬Αͼ‫ݸ‬ผࢦఠࣄ߲ͱ‫ʹڞ‬ฤूҕһձ΁ใࠂ͠·͢ɽʢ3ʣ ฤूҕһձ͸Ӿಡ݁ՌΛ৹ٞ͠ɼ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ࠾൱Λܾఆ͠·͢ɽ͜ͷࡍɼ࿦จɾ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτʹ͍ͭͯ͸‫ݪ‬ଇͱͯ͠ԼͷΑ͏ʹऔΓѻ͍·͢ɽ1ʣӾಡऀ 2 ໊ͱ΋૯߹൑ఆ͕ Aʢ͜ͷ··‫ࡌܝ‬Մʣͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼӾಡ݁ՌΛड͚औͬͨ೔෇Ͱ‫ߘݪ‬Λडཧʢ‫ܾࡌܝ‬ఆʣ͠·͢ɽ2ʣ1 ໊ͷ૯߹൑ఆ͸ A ɼ΋͏ 1 ໊͸ Bʢࢦఠͷ఺͕मਖ਼͞ΕΕ͹‫ࡌܝ‬Մʣͷ৔߹ɼ·ͨ͸ 2 ໊ͱ΋ Bͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼࢦఠࣄ߲ʹ͍ͭͯஶऀʹൺֱతখ͞ͳ
मਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ί·͢ɽमਖ਼‫͕ߘݪ‬ఏग़͞Εɼฤूҕһձ͕मਖ਼಺༰Λ֬ೝͨ࣌͠఺Ͱडཧ͠·͢ɽ3ʣ1 ໊ͷ૯߹൑ఆ͸ B ɼ΋͏ 1 ໊͸ Cʢࢦఠͷ఺͕मਖ਼͞Εͨ‫ޙ‬ɼ࠶Ӿಡ͢Δඞཁ͋Γʣͷ৔߹ɼ·ͨ͸ 2 ໊ͱ΋ C ͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼࢦఠࣄ߲ʹ͍ͭͯஶऀ

ʹ΍΍େ͖ͳमਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ί·͢ɽఏग़͞Εͨमਖ਼‫ߘݪ‬͸࠶ͼӾಡΛߦ͍·͢ɽ4ʣ1 ໊ͷ૯߹൑ఆ͕ Dʢ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʣͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼୈ 3ͷӾಡऀʹ൑ఆΛґཔ͢Δ͜ͱΛ‫ؚ‬Ίɼฤूҕһձ͕ରԠΛ൑அ͠·͢ɽ5ʣ2 ໊ͷ૯߹൑ఆͱ΋ D ͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼͦͷཧ༝Λ෇͚ͯஶऀ΁ฦߘ͠·͢ɽ6ʣӾಡ͸ 2 ճ·Ͱͱ͠ɼ࠶Ӿಡʹ͓͍ͯ΋ C ·ͨ͸
D ͷ൑ఆ͕͋Δ৔߹ʹ͸ɼฤूҕһձ͕ରԠΛ൑அ͠·͢ɽʢ4ʣӾಡ݁Ռͷ૯߹൑ఆΛ D ͱ͢Δཧ༝͸࣍ͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͰ͢ɽ
1ʣ‫ൃط‬දͱΈͳ͞ΕΔ΋ͷɽ2ʣॏཁͳ෦෼ʹࠜຊతͳ‫ޡ‬Γ͕͋Δ΋ͷɽ
3ʣࣄ࣮ʹ‫಺͍ͨͮج‬༰Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɼ୯ͳΔओ‫͕؍‬ड़΂ΒΕ
͍ͯΔʹա͗ͳ͍΋ͷʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ
4ʣ௨આ͕ड़΂ΒΕ͍ͯΔ͚ͩͰɼ৽͍͠஌‫͕ݟ‬શ͘ͳ͍΋ͷʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ
5ʣमਖ਼Λཁ͢Δࠜຊతͳࢦఠࣄ߲Λଟ͘‫ؚ‬ΜͰ͍Δ΋ͷɽ
6ʣ࿈ࡌ‫ߏͰࣜܗ‬੒͞Ε͓ͯΓɼ1 ฤ͝ͱʹಠཱͨ͠΋ͷͱೝΊ͕͍ͨ΋ͷɽ
7ʣશମߏ੒΍จষ͕ૈࡶͰɼ಺༰ͷ൑ఆ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍΋ͷɽ
8ʣ಺༰͕ຊࢽͷझࢫʹ߹Θͳ͍΋ͷɽ
9ʣͦͷଞɼຊࢽʹ‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δ‫͞;ͯ͠ͱߘݪ‬Θ͘͠ͳ͍΋ͷɽ
6. ͦͷଞ
1ʣ‫ڞ‬ஶऀ͸શһ͕‫੹ʹߘݪ‬೚ΛෛͬͯԼ͍͞ɽ‫ڞ‬ஶऀ͕͍Δʹ΋͔͔ΘΒͣɼͦͷ‫ڞ‬ஶऀ͕‫ߘݪ‬ΛಡΜͰͳ͍ͱ൑அ͞ΕΔΑ͏ͳ‫ج‬ຊతͳϛε͕͋Δ৔߹ʹ͸ɼӾಡΛதࢭͯ͠ฦߘ͢Δ͜ͱ͕͋Γ·͢ɽ2ʣमਖ਼‫ߘݪ‬Λฦૹ͢Δ৔߹ʹ͸ɼमਖ਼݁Ռ͕͙͢ʹ෼
͔ΔΑ͏ͳճ౴ॻʢࢦఠࣄ߲ʹରԠͨ͠मਖ਼Օॴɾ
಺༰ҰཡʣΛ࡞੒͠ɼఴ෇ͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ
3ʣ‫ߘݪ‬͸Ұ౓ҹ࡮ެද͞ΕΔͱ຤Ӭ͘ධՁͱ൷൑ͷର৅ʹͳΓ·͢ɽӾಡҙ‫ʹݟ‬ରͯ͠͸‫ྫྷྗۃ‬੩͔ͭ৻ॏʹରॲͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ‫ޡ‬ղ͕͋ͬͨ৔߹ʹ͸ɼͦͷ‫ޡ‬ղΛղ͚ͩ͘Ͱͳ͘ɼ‫ޡ‬ղΛड͚ͳ͍Α͏ͳॻ͖ํʹվΊΔ౒ྗ͕‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕ·͢ɽ4ʣʮ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʯͰฦߘ͞Εͨ‫ߘݪ‬Λ࠶౤ߘ͢Δ৔߹͸৽‫ن‬౤ߘѻ͍ͱͳΓ·͢ɽʮ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʯͱͨ͠ཧ༝
Λे෼ʹ֬ೝɾ‫ݕ‬౼ͷ্ɼ࠶౤ߘͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ
ʢ2004. 6.29 վਖ਼ʣʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯӾಡͷखҾ͖

1. Ӿಡґཔ‫ݶظ‬ͷ‫ݫ‬कΛ͓‫͍ئ‬க͠·͢ɽສҰɼ‫ʹ಺ݶظ‬Ӿಡ͕ࠔ೉ͳ৔߹ʹ͸ɼ଎΍͔ʹฤूҕһձࣄ຿‫΁ہ‬࿈བྷͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ
2. ʮ౤ߘҊ಺ʯʹ͓͍ͯɼԼͷ΋ͷΛ౤ߘ‫ٻʹߘݪ‬Ί͍ͯ
·͢ɽӾಡʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɼ͜ΕΒΛͦͷ‫ج‬४ͱ͠·͢ɽʢ1ʣ಺༰ʹ͍ͭͯ1ʣΦϦδφϦςΟʔ͕͋Δ͜ͱʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ2ʣຊࢽͷಡऀʹͱͬͯ༗ӹͰ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3ʣಋೖɼ‫ڀݚ‬ख๏͔Β݁࿦ʹࢸΔաఔʹ࿦ཧੑ͕͋Δ͜ͱɽ
ʢ2ʣද‫͍ͯͭʹݱ‬1ʣ‫ߘݪ‬શମͷߏ੒͕੔͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱɽ
2ʣจষද‫͕ݱ‬ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3ʣද୊͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
4ʣӳจΞϒετϥΫτ΍࿨จཁࢫ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
5ʣSI ୯Ґ΍‫߸ه‬ͷ࢖͍ํ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
6ʣΩʔϫʔυ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
7ʣӳ‫ޠ‬ͷද‫͕ݱ‬ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3. ʮ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʯͱ͢Δཧ༝ͱͯ͠͸ɼԼͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷ͕‫ڍ‬͛ΒΕ·͢ɽ
1ʣ‫ൃط‬දͱΈͳ͞ΕΔ΋ͷɽ2ʣॏཁͳ෦෼ʹࠜຊతͳ‫ޡ‬Γ͕͋Δ΋ͷɽ
3ʣࣄ࣮ʹ‫಺͍ͨͮج‬༰Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɼ୯ͳΔओ‫͕؍‬ड़΂ΒΕ
͍ͯΔʹա͗ͳ͍΋ͷʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ
4ʣ௨આ͕ड़΂ΒΕ͍ͯΔ͚ͩͰɼ৽͍͠஌‫͕ݟ‬શ͘ͳ͍΋ͷʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ
5ʣमਖ਼Λཁ͢Δࠜຊతͳࢦఠࣄ߲Λଟ͘‫ؚ‬ΜͰ͍Δ΋ͷɽ
6ʣ࿈ࡌ‫ߏͰࣜܗ‬੒͞Ε͓ͯΓɼ1 ฤ͝ͱʹಠཱͨ͠΋ͷͱೝΊ͕͍ͨ΋ͷɽ
7ʣશମߏ੒΍จষ͕ૈࡶͰɼ಺༰ͷ൑ఆ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍΋ͷɽ

8ʣ಺༰͕ຊࢽͷझࢫʹ߹Θͳ͍΋ͷɽ
9ʣͦͷଞɼຊࢽʹ‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δ‫͞;ͯ͠ͱߘݪ‬Θ͘͠ͳ͍΋ͷɽ

4. ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ಺༰ʹର͢Δ੹೚͸͋͘·Ͱஶऀʹ͋Γ·͢ɽ·ͨɼ‫ߘݪ‬ͷՁ஋͸ಡऀ͕൑அ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͢ɽ

5. Ӿಡ͸಺༰ͷ൷൑΍౼ٞΛߦ͏΋ͷͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɽैͬͯɼ‫ݟ‬ղͷ૬ҧ͸‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదͷཧ༝ʹ͸ͳΓ·ͤΜɽ

6. Ӿಡऀ͸౤ߘऀʹରͯ͠‫ࢦڀݚ‬ಋ͢Δཱ৔ʹ͋Γ·ͤΜɽΑͬͯɼ৽ͨͳ࣮‫ݧ‬΍‫ࢉܭ‬ͷ௥Ճཁ‫Ͳͳٻ‬͸‫ྗۃ‬ආ͚ͯԼ͍͞ɽ
7. Ӿಡऀ͸ஶऀͱ௚઀ંিΛ͠ͳ͍ͰԼ͍͞ɽஶऀͱͷަব͸͢΂ͯฤूҕһձͷ੹೚Ͱߦ͍·͢ɽ8. Ӿಡऀͱͯ͠஌Γಘͨҹ࡮લͷ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ಺༰͸͍͔ͳΔ‫ܗ‬Ͱ΋ར༻ɾҾ༻౳ग़དྷ·ͤΜɽ‫͝ʹݫ‬஫ҙԼ͍͞ɽ
9. ஶऀʹमਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ‫࠶ʹޙ‬ӾಡͰ૯߹൑ఆΛ Dʢ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʣͱ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ɼӾಡऀʹͱͬͯ΋ஶऀʹͱͬͯ΋ඇੜ࢈తͰ͢ɽ‫׬‬੒౓ͷ௿͍‫͍͓ͯʹͲͳߘݪ‬͸ɼमਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ί࠶ӾಡΛߦ͏ΑΓ΋ʮ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʯͱͯ͠࿅Γ௚͔ͯ͠Β৽ͨʹ౤ߘ͢ΔΑ͏ଅͨ͠ํ͕Α͍৔߹͕͋Γ·͢ɽͦͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼʮ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʯͷཧ༝ʢ
ʮ3ʯࢀরʣΛ໌ࣔͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ‫ݸ‬ผࢦఠࣄ߲΁ͷҙ‫ݟ‬͸ෆཁͰ͢ɽ
10. Ӿಡऀ͔Βฤूҕһձ΁ҙ‫ݟ‬౳͕͋Δ৔߹͸ɼඞͣʮฤ
ूҕһձ΁ͷҙ‫ݟ‬ʯͱͯ͠ผࢴ΁ͷ‫ه‬ೖΛ͓‫͢·͍͠ئ‬ɽ
ʢ2003. 5.28 վਖ਼ʣ౔৕෺ཧֶձֶձ৆‫ن‬ఆ

1. छྨɹ

ֶձ৆ʹ࿦จ৆ͱ༏लϙελʔ৆Λ͓͘ɽ

2. ࿦จ৆ͷબߟ࿦จ৆͸ɼ೥ 1 ճɺҎԼͷखॱʹΑΓ࿦จ৆બߟҕһձʮҎԼɼબߟҕһձʯͰ৹ࠪ͠ɼධٞһձͰܾఆ͢Δɽ
ʢ1ʣ৆ͷର৅ͱ͢Δ࿦จ͸ɼʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯʹɼ‫ݪ‬ଇͱͯ͠લ೥౓ʢલ೥ 4 ݄ 1 ೔͔Βཌ೥ͷ 3 ݄ 31 ೔·Ͱʣʹ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͨ‫ݪ‬ஶʮ࿦จʯͱ͢Δɽ
ʢ2ʣਖ਼ձһʢ1 ໊Ҏ্ʣ͸, ֶձ৆ड৆ީิͱͯ͠ʢ1ʣʹ֘౰͢Δ࿦จΛࣗન΋͘͠͸ଞન͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ.
ʢ3ʣ
ʢ2ʣʹ‫͢ه‬࿦จͷਪન͸ɼֶձࢽʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯʹެࣔ͞ΕͨืूΛड͚ɼॴఆͷॻྨΛඞཁ෦਺ଗ͑ɼ
‫ظ‬೔·Ͱʹֶձࣄ຿‫ʹہ‬ఏग़͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɽ

ʢ4ʣબߟҕһձͰ͸ɼʢ1ʣʹ֘౰͢Δ࿦จͷத͔Βɼ
ʢ2ʣͷਪન΋ߟྀͯ͠ड৆ީิ࿦จʢҎԼɼީิ࿦
จʣΛ৹ࠪ · બߟ͠ɼධٞһձ΁෇ٞ͢Δɽ
ʢ5ʣධٞһձͰ͸ɼީิ࿦จ͕ड৆ʹద͔֨Ͳ͏͔Λ൑ఆ͢Δɽ
3. ༏लϙελʔ৆ͷબߟ༏लϙελʔ৆ʢҎԼɼϙελʔ৆ʣ͸೥ 1 ճɼҎԼͷखॱʹΑΓܾఆ͢Δɽ
ʢ1ʣબߟͷର৅͸ɼ౰֘೥౓ͷ౔৕෺ཧֶձେձʹ͓͍ͯൃද͞ΕͨϙελʔͰ͋ͬͯɼච಄ऀ͸ձһͱ͢Δɽ
ͨͩ͠ɼϙελʔͷච಄ऀֶ͕ੜͷ৔߹ʹ‫ݶ‬Γɼձһ֎Ͱ͋ͬͯ΋બߟͷର৅ʹ‫ؚ‬ΊΔɽ
ʢ2ʣϙελʔ৆͸ʢ1ʣʹ֘౰͢Δϙελʔͷத͔Βɼબߟҕһձ͓Αͼձһͷ౤ථʹΑΓબߟ͢Δɽʢ5 ݅ҎԼʣ
4. දজ
ʢ1ʣ࿦จ৆͸ɼ௨ৗ૯ձʹ͓͍ͯදজΛߦ͏ɽ·ͨձࢽ্ʹެද͢Δɽʢ2ʣϙελʔ৆͸ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶձେձʹ͓͍ͯදজΛߦ
͏ɽ·ͨɼձࢽ্ʹެද͢Δɽ
ʢ2002.11.23 ੍ఆɹ 2013.10.26 վਖ਼ʣ౔৕෺ཧֶձֶձ৆બߟҕһձ‫ن‬ఆ

1. ໨తɹ

ֶձ৆બߟҕһձʢҎԼҕһձͱ͍͏ʣ͸ɼ࿦จ৆͓Αͼ༏लϙελʔ৆ͷબߟΛߦ͏͜ͱΛ໨తͱ͢Δɽ
2. ‫ۀ‬຿ҕһձ͸ͭ͗ͷ‫ۀ‬຿Λߦ͏ɽ
ʢ1ʣֶձ৆‫ن‬ఆʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬࿦จ৆͓Αͼ༏लϙελʔ৆ͷબߟɽ
ʢ2ʣ౔৕෺ཧֶձֶձ৆બߟʹؔ͢Δͦͷଞͷࣄ߲ɽ
3. ߏ੒ɹ
ҕһձ͸ҕһ௕ 1 ໊͓Αͼҕһ 5 ఔ౓Λ࣋ͬͯߏ੒͢Δɽ
ʢ1ʣҕһձ͸ਖ਼ձһΑΓߏ੒͞ΕΔɽ
ʢ2ʣҕһ͸ධٞһձͷਪનʹ‫͖ͮج‬૯ձͰܾఆ͢Δɽ
ʢ3ʣ೚‫ظ‬͸ 2 ೥ͱ͢Δɽͨͩ͠ɼ࠶೚͸͞·ͨ͛ͳ͍ɽ
ʢ4ʣҕһ௕͸ҕһͷ‫ޓ‬બʹΑΓબग़͢Δɽ
ʢ5ʣ ए‫໊ׯ‬ͷઐ໳ҕһΛ͓͘͜ͱΛೝΊΔɽ
4. ։࠵ҕһձ͸೥ 3 ճఔ౓։࠵͢Δɽ
ʢ2002.11.23 ੍ఆɹ 2003.11.22 վਖ਼ʣ‫ ૹ ߘ ݪ‬Γ ঢ়ड෇൪߸ʢຊձͰ‫ه‬ೖʣɿ
ൃૹ೥݄೔

೥

۠ ෼

࿦จ

݄

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‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτड෇೥݄೔ʢຊձͰ‫ه‬ೖʣ
૯આ

ղઆ

ࢿྉ

೥

‫঺ڀݚ‬հ

౔ཻࢠ

݄

೔

ॻධ

ද୊ʢ࿨จʣ

ද୊ʢӳจʣΩʔϫʔυʢ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ɿ̑‫ޠ‬Ҏ಺ʣΩʔϫʔυʢӳ‫ޠ‬ɿ̑‫ޠ‬Ҏ಺ʣஶऀ໊ 1ϩʔϚࣈ ∗ॴଐຊձձһ · ඇձһஶऀ໊ 2ϩʔϚࣈ ∗ॴଐຊձձһ · ඇձһஶऀ໊ 3ϩʔϚࣈ ∗ॴଐຊձձһ · ඇձһஶऀ໊ 4ϩʔϚࣈ ∗ॴଐຊձձһ · ඇձһஶऀ໊ 5ϩʔϚࣈ ∗ॴଐຊձձһ · ඇձһ

Corresponding
author ͷ˟ॅɹॴɾࢯɹ໊
ి࿩ ·FAX ൪߸

TEL.ɿ

E-mailE-mailຊจ‫ߘݪ‬ຕ਺
ද
ผ࡮

FAX.ɿ

A4ɿʢ
ຕ

ຕʣ

· 400 ࣈ٧‫ࢴ༻ߘݪ‬ʢਤຕʢΧϥʔҹ࡮‫ر‬๬ɹ͋Γɾͳ͠ʣ

ຕʣ

ࣸਅ
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ʢΧϥʔҹ࡮‫ر‬๬ɹ͋Γɾͳ͠ʣ‫ر‬๬͠ͳ͍ · ‫ر‬๬͢Δʢɹɹɹɹ෦ʣ

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౔৕෺ཧֶձձһొ࿥༻ࢴ [ೖձ · ୀձ · ొ࿥ࣄ߲มߋ]ඞཁࣄ߲Λ͝‫ه‬ೖͷ্ɼ͜ͷ··Լ‫ه‬Ѽઌʹʢ༣ศɼFAXɼE-mail ͷఴ෇ϑΝΠϧͳͲͰʣ͓ૹ
Γ͍ͩ͘͞ɻ
ಧग़಺༰

ೖձ

ਃࠐ೥݄೔

੢ྐྵ

ձһछผ

ਖ਼

· ୀձ · ొ࿥ࣄ߲มߋ೥· ֶੜ ·

݄

೔

ߪಡ ·

ࢍॿ

ࢯ໊
ಉ্ϩʔϚࣈಡΈੑผஉੜ೥݄ʢ੢ྐྵ೥ · ݄ʣ

· ঁ

੢ྐྵ

೥

‫ۈ‬຿ઌ

· ࣗ୐

‫ۈ‬຿ઌ
‫ۈ‬຿ઌॴࡏ஍

˟‫ۈ‬຿ઌి࿩൪߸ / FAX ൪߸‫ۈ‬຿ઌ e-mailࣗ୐ॅॴ˟ࣗ୐ి࿩൪߸ / FAX ൪߸ࣗ୐ e-mailձࢽͷૹ෇ઌ
ຊֶձҎ֎ͷओͳॴଐֶձ

ຊձ‫ه‬ೖ
ड෇೥݄೔ɿ
ঝೝ೥݄೔ɿ
ૹ෇ઌ · ໰͍߹Θͤઌ౔৕෺ཧֶձࣄ຿‫ہ‬ʢॸ຿‫ࣄװ‬ʣ

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E-mail ɹ spsyomu@ml.affrc.go.jp݄ෳࣸ͞ΕΔํʹɹຊࢽʹ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͨஶ࡞෺Λෳ͍ࣸͨ͠ํ͸ɼʢࣾʣ೔ຊෳࣸ‫ݖ‬ηϯλʔͱแ‫ׅ‬ෳࣸ‫ڐ‬୚‫ܖ‬໿Λక݁͞Ε͍ͯΔ‫ا‬‫ۀ‬ͷै‫ۀ‬һҎ֎͸ɼஶ࡞‫͔ऀݖ‬Βෳࣸ‫ݖ‬౳ͷߦ࢖ͷҕୗΛड͚͍ͯΔ࣍ͷஂମ͔Β‫ڐ‬୚Λड͚ͯԼ͍͞ɽஶ࡞෺ͷసࡌ · ຋༁ͷΑ͏ͳෳࣸҎ֎ͷ‫ڐ‬୚͸ɼ௚઀ຊձ΁͝࿈བྷԼ͍͞ɽ
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˟ 116-0011 ౦‫ߥ౎ژ‬઒۠੢ඌ‫ ٱ‬7-12-16

ISSN 0387-6012

Journal of the Japanese Society of Soil Physics
No. 131

November, 2015

Contents
Foreword.................................................

N. TORIDE...

1

Y. KOJIMA, S. MITSUISHI and M. MIZOGUCHI

...

5

...

15

...

23

...

29

K. FUJINAWA

...

31

S. YOSHIMOTO, T. TSUCHIHARA, K. SHIRAHATA

...

37

...

45

...

51

...

55

...

59

63

Announcements

M. KOBAYASHI, S. NAKAYA, M. SAITO, S. ONODERA,...
K. CHIKITA, T. IRINO, S. YOSHIKAWA and N. OKUDA.....................................................................

67

Editor’s Postscript.....................................................................

72

Original papers
Effectiveness of ICT ﬁeld monitoring linking ﬁeld images with soil and environmental data:case of a cold upland cabbage ﬁeld.............

Soil salinity assessment in a ﬁeld covered with seawater using the 5TE sensor..

T. MIYAMOTO, K. KAMEYAMA, Y. IWATA and T. SHIONO

Sunlight transmittance through the surface soil and ﬂuctuations in the total nitrogen contents
at the surface of ponded paddy soil..................

H. ARAO, T. KASUBUCHI and H. YASUDA

Special section for Ground waterPreface.........................

K. NAKAGAWA and T. MOROIZUMI

Review
The thermal response test and an inverse analysis method for identifying thermal conductivity of soil..............................................
Notes
Distribution and behavior of residual saltwater in the reservoir of a coastal subsurface dam:
A ﬁeld study of the Ryukyu Limestone aquifer, southern Okinawa Island..........

and S. ISHIDA

Lectures
Reviewing classical studies in soil physics“Effect of microorganisms on permeability of soil under prolonged submergence” by L.E. Allison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K. SEKI
Special section for International year of soils
Readers’ Column. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. CHIKUSHI............................................

K. NAKAMURA...................................................

Y. MORI

Notes
Report of a scientiﬁc session “Water and material transport and cycle in watersheds:
from headwater to coastal area” on JpGU 2015...

Published by

Japanese Society of Soil Physics
NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center
Izumi 496, Chikugo, Fukuoka 833-0041 Japan

http://js-soilphysics.com/