Asian Journal of Management Sciences & Education Vol. 11(2) July- October 2022__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________CHINA CASE STUDY ON THE DIFFERENTIATED SUPPORTPOLICY FOR THE SELF-DEVELOPMENT CAPABILITY OF THE
GOVERNMENT IN EIGHT ETHNIC AREAS
Yongjun Han1,2，Yi Yu 3, Dan Hu 1,*, Zhaoping Tian1, Li Huang 1
1

Institute of Industrial Development and Governance Innovation,
Zhejiang Guangsha Vocational and Technical University of Construction, Jinhua, Zhejiang;
2
School of Cultural Creativity and Management, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou;
3
College of Art Design, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,
CHINA.
edwardeddy008@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Constructing a long-term mechanism to solve the relative poverty in ethnic areas
is inseparable from the improvement in the self-development ability of thegovernment in ethnic regions. The empirical analysis of the eight ethnic
provinces in China showed that the self-development capabilities of thegovernments in ethnic regions were relatively weak; the gap between theeconomic regulation and public service capabilities of the provincial
governments had narrowed, while the gap between social security andenvironmental protection capabilities had expanded. The self-development
capacity of the government in ethnic areas had room for improvement. It was animportant national strategy to help minority areas cultivate and improve thegovernment's self-development capability. We observed that the differentiatedpolicies of the state to support the improvement of the government's selfdevelopment ability in ethnic areas mainly include fiscal transfer payment policy
and mutual interest’s cooperation policy. Measures should be taken to improvethem respectively to enhance the self-development ability of the government inethnic areas and build a solid foundation for the construction of the Chinese
nation while promoting a sustainable development of ethnic regions.
Keywords: Minority governments' self-development ability, financialtransfer payment, mutual interest’s cooperation, community of shared future,sustainable development
INTRODUCTION
In August 2021, the Chinese central government Ethnic Work Conference pointed out that byhaving a common consciousness of the Chinese nation's community as the main principle tocontinuously promote the construction of the Chinese nation's community, it is required to
improve differentiated regional policies and support ethnic regions to improve their selfdevelopment capabilities. The cornerstone of an improvement in self-development capability
is the sustainable development of the region, and the essence of sustainable development is
the improvement of self-development capability. Since the 18th National Congress of theCommunist Party of China, China’s poverty alleviation strategy has achieved remarkable
results. Absolute Poverty in ethnic areas has become history, but we should also clearlyrecognize that Relative Poverty still exists and will exist for a long time. Therefore, to solve
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the problem of Relative Poverty has become an important content and long-term task ofpoverty alleviation in ethnic areas in the new era. If the Relative Poverty in ethnic areas is not
resolved, the relative development gap will continue to widen, which will easily lead to
psychological imbalances and even imbalances in ethnic and regional relations. It isemphasized that the construction of the Chinese national community is to promote the fulldevelopment of ethnic areas, enhance the self-development ability and sustainable
development ability of ethnic areas, and promote the coordination and balance ofdevelopment between ethnic areas and developed areas. Although there are many factors that
affect the Relative Poverty in ethnic areas, the lack of self-development ability in ethnic areasis the most fundamental factor. The formation and improvement of the self-development
capability of a region depends on the cultivation and improvement in the self-development
capability of stakeholders such as enterprises, families, governments and Non-Governmental
Offices (NGO).
Minority areas are relatively poor areas. Considering the poor natural conditions, lack of
capacity in the supply and demand of goods and services, and low socialization in ethnic
areas, the free market enterprise alone cannot establish a long-term mechanism to solve
relative poverty. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to promote ethnic areas.
Sustainable economic and social development must rely on the effective governance of thegovernment to promote its comprehensive development. At present, China is in a critical
period of promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governancecapacity, and higher requirements are also proposed for the self-development ability of thegovernment in ethnic areas. Without strong self-development ability, no government can beeffective towards promoting high-quality economic and social development in ethnic areas.
At the time of writing, there were limited foreign literature on self-development capabilities,
while domestic Chinese scholars mainly studied from the following aspects: connotation andconcept, measurement and evaluation index system construction, evaluation method andmodel construction. From a geographical perspective, Sun Genjin (2015) and Xu Xiaoyong etal. (2017), concluded that a region mainly relied on its own strength to integrate relevant
external factors effectively, resulting the local economy to develop rapidly and stably. Wu
Wenfeng, Yuan feng (2019) and others constructed an evaluation index system for poverty
alleviation effects in poor counties based on the perspective of self-development capability .
A composite system to analyze the development trend of Linfen poverty-stricken areas fromtime series. Wang Xiuyan (2019) constructs an evaluation index system from the aspects ofResident Quality Skills (RQS), Enterprise Innovation Capability (EIC), Industrial
Competitiveness (ICC), and Government Regulation Capability (GRC) for ethnic areas.
Shen Peng et al. (2019) constructed an indicator system for the development capability ofdeeply impoverished areas in Guizhou from the perspective of capital. Starting from the four
subsystems of economic capital, natural capital, social capital and human capital, they
adopted the direct value method of objective empowerment to develop their development
capability, ability to measure. Zhou Yang et al. (2018) and Xu Xiaoyong et al. (2019) used
the BP neural network model to calculate the multi-dimensional poverty pressure index andthe self-development ability of 14 destitute counties based on the theory of the regional
system of human-land relationship. Jiao Shitai et al. (2020) based on the three-dimensional
perspective of economy, society and natural environment, using factor analysis method andmulti-index comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the sustainable land resources of

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28 counties (districts) in the ethnic border areas of Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi.
Comprehensive evaluation of utilization status.
Combing the relevant literature, we can find that there are very few literatures on how to
improve the self-development ability of the government in ethnic areas. Therefore,
strengthening the research on the government's self-development ability in ethnic areas has
important practical significance and theoretical value for improving the modernization levelof the national governance system and governance capacity, and building a long-term
mechanism for solving the relative poverty problem in ethnic areas. Based on this, this paper
intends to take the eight ethnic provinces and regions as the specific research objects, and on
the basis of analyzing and evaluating the self-development ability of the governments inethnic areas, to discuss the central government's suggestions for reforming and improving
differentiated support policies, in order to promote the self-development of the governmentsin ethnic areas. The improvement of development ability will make the foundation of theChinese nation's community more solid.
METHODOLOGY, DISCUSSION AND SUGGESTIONS
Suggestions on improving the differentiated support policy for the self-development
capability of the government in ethnic areas(1) Suggestions on improving the differentiated fiscal transfer payment policy
1. Formulate the Regulations on Financial Transfer Payment as soon as possible toimprove the legal system of financial transfer payment
Fiscal transfers play a very important role to coordinate regional development. At the time of
study, the financial transfer payment system for ethnic areas was ineffective, mainly due tothe lack of higher-level legal protection. The main basis for financial transfer payments was
the relevant regulations promulgated by the Ministry of Finance, such as the Transition
Payment Measures for the Transition Period, General Financial Transfer Payment Measures,
Central to Local Special Transfer Payment Management Measures and Central to Local
Ethnic Areas Transfer Payment Measures. The Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law had only
some principled provisions on financial transfer payments, and lacked operational andtargeted provisions. Therefore, we propose an acceleration of the formulation of theRegulations on Fiscal Transfer Payments to elevate fiscal transfer payments to a higher legal
status. This will enhance the authority of the transfer payment system while government
behavior can be regulated through specific and feasible legal provisions that will speed thegrowth of ethnic areas.
The preferential policy of fiscal transfer payment must be strengthened. Fiscal transfer
payments in ethnic areas should be listed in a separate chapter in the regulations, while thedifferentiated fiscal transfer payment policies should be fixed in the form of specificregulations. At the same time, the transfer payments from the corresponding provincial
governments to lower-level governments should be further regulated. [ i ] For better
management, it is necessary to strengthen the internal supervision of transfer payments
through building an approval, inspection and acceptance system when using transfer payment
funds. The system will give supervisory role to the People's Congress and its Standingi

Xiao Yucai, Xie Fen. Evaluation of the effect of financial transfer payments in ethnic areas [J]. Journal of
Zhongnan University of Economics and Law. 2013(1):71-76.
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Committee, and support news media and the public participation while increasing thetransparency and openness of fiscal transfer payments.
2. Expand the proportion of general transfer payments and optimize the structure of
fiscal transfer payments
China’s central government had adopted a transfer payment system that combined generaland special transfer payments as the main transfer payment and special transfer payments.
The main purpose is to balance the basic financial resources among regions. General transfer
payments had been used flexibly and would not list specific purposes. Local governments had
the right to make overall plans and control them, which had a more obvious effect inimproving the level of public services; special transfer payments were generally specified for
purposes, which could only be used for special purposes or in conjunction with other funds. If
the proportion was too large, the financial autonomy of local governments would be limited.
[ ii]
In practice, the proportion of special transfer payments made by the central government toethnic minority areas had been relatively high, while the share of general transfer payments
towards the equalization of public services was minimal and lowly prioritized. This severely
affects the overall effectiveness of local governments’ financial capacity in ethnic minority
areas. The special transfer payment which involved complicated projects had administrative
approval procedures which had been complicated rendering the effectiveness application of
the funds. [ iii ] When they accept transfer payments from the central government, local
governments in many cases needed a certain proportion of matching funds as a condition.
Local governments had very limited financial resources to begin with, thus most of the ethnic
area governments failed to come up with matching funds. As such, projects often failed toachieve their expected goals. Therefore, attention should be paid to improve and optimize thetransfer payment structure for transfer payments in ethnic areas. We recommend that specialtransfer payment projects with clear policies and stable funds be included in the scope ofgeneral transfer payments, and the proportion of general transfer payments should be
increased on a yearly basis. The proportion should be gradually increased to more than 60%
to improve the autonomy of financial use in ethnic areas.
3. Improve the “factor method” of general transfer payments, and reduce or exempt
special transfer payment supporting funds
At the time of study, because the "base method" was used in the financial transfer paymentsof local governments below the provincial level, this was not a true reflection of the actual
finance status of local finance. It is necessary to create a transfer payment system based on"law". To obtain scientific and accurate finance status of ethnic areas, there is a need to first
identify the factors that affect local finance, then establish and optimize the transfer payment
system based on the “factor method”, supplemented by rewards and subsidies as the natural
resource endowment and development level of the ethnic areas are different from each other.
Residents of the region could then have relative equal access to public services. Adopting the"factor method" could significantly improve the efficiency of the use of general transfer
payment funds, greatly reduce the behavior of local governments to obtain central transfer
payments through rent-seeking, and reduce the interference of human factors. Theii Wang

Bangzhou, Jiang Xuemei. Research on the Financial Equalization Effect of Fiscal Transfer
Payments in Guizhou Province's Ethnic Areas [J]. Reform and Opening. 2017(8):13-15.
iii Lei Zhenyang, Cheng Aihua, Li Junjie. Research on the Equilibrium Effect of Fiscal Transfer Payments
in Minority Areas—Taking Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as an Example [J]. Ethnic Studies.
2008(1):19-28.
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distribution factors involved in the "factor method" needed to be further improved andoptimized, and the policy-oriented and guiding role of distribution factors should be brought
into full force to promote the scientific, efficient and refined use of financial funds. [ iv] Theexisting system only identifies entrusted special projects, therefore for special transfer
payments, the central government should prepare to fund the budget completely without any
expectations that the local governments have to prepare supporting funds. Additionally, there
should be a reduction or exemption of supporting funds for ethnic as an effective way to
reduce their financial burden and thereby enable the standardized use of special funds
through incentives and other institutional arrangements. That would provide better use of
special transfer payments, especially in stabilizing the economic and social development of
ethnic areas, as well as encourage the coordinated development of the region.
4. Increase the transfer payment of ecological compensation in ethnic areas, andimprove the ecological compensation mechanism that combines the vertical andhorizontal
The ethnic areas contribute to China’s national product and serve key ecological function as
well, but these areas had been fraught with ecological issues that are intertwined with theirpoverty. Additionally, they faced the dilemma of choosing between economic development
and ecological preservation. The county-level economic assessment index system using GDP
as the ultimate metric had discouraged the local governments, especially at county-level, toapply to be key ecological function areas. Thus, the funds tend to diverted pursuing theirecological protection goals. Our study showed us that China’s practice of ecologicalcompensation was mainly through the central government transfer payment funds to key
ecological function areas; the aim was to promote the protection and improvement of theecological environment through the financial support of the central government. [ v] Fiscal
transfer payment funds for key ecological function areas was significant for ethnic areas.
Ecological protection requires a gradual and long-term approach. The central government
needed to prioritize ecological compensation factors in transfer payments to ethnic areas,annually increase the intensity of ecological compensation transfer payment, and graduallycreate a vertical and horizontal ecological compensation mechanism. The State Council
issued the Opinions on Improving the Ecological Protection Compensation Mechanism in
2016, which proposed to promote the horizontal ecological protection compensation pilot.
Even though the horizontal ecological protection financial transfer payments had achieved
good capital flow between ecological beneficiaries and ecological compensation subjects, but
the horizontal assistance obligation between local governments did not have sufficient clear
provisions in national laws. In practice, most of them came from voluntarily negotiating local
governments’ protocol. Therefore, it would be necessary to accelerate the formulation of theRegulations on Fiscal Transfer Payments for Ecological Protection in Minority Areas so as todefine clearly the basic principles, procedures, supervisory bodies, legal responsibilities, etc.
The horizontal and organic integration of the ecological protection fiscal transfer payment
system helped ethnic areas to maximize their potential in key ecological function areas, andgradually transform their ecological environment by raising their core competitiveness ineconomic and social development.

iv Zhang

Dongmei. Shi Zhengbao. Legal countermeasures to improve the preferential tax policies inwestern ethnic areas [J]. Journal of Northwest University for Nationalities. 2015(1):113-118.
vTan Jie. Research on the Legalization of Fiscal Transfer Payments in Key Ecological Function Areas in
Minority Areas [J]. Journal of South Central University for Nationalities. 2019(1):165-169.
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Asian Journal of Management Sciences & Education Vol. 11(2) July- October 2022__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2) Suggestions for the improvement of differentiated counterpart cooperation policies
1. To improve the legal system of counterpart assistance and lay a legal foundation for
the transformation from counterpart assistance to counterpart cooperation
Counterpart support that started by the central government was based mainly on government
regulations and policy. Often run by multiple departments, it was not authoritative, organized,
continuous, and long-term. Due to the regulated and regimented nature of the implementation,
there was a serious lack of coordination with local provisions, leading to conflict between
policy documents, laws, regulations, and the idiosyncratic use of power above law. The lackin relevant legal protection resulted in reduced managerial ability and coordination
advantages of the supporter, which seriously affected the implementation process of thecounterpart support; the will of the grantee was often ignored, and easily manipulated by the
supporter, making it difficult for long-term cooperative relationship between the governments
to form. The corresponding support initiated by the central government was aimed at regional
coordinated development, and its original plan included both support and cooperation; but thecentral government unilaterally emphasized only support in its implementation process.
Attention should be paid to the two aspects of support and cooperation, and a benefit-sharing
mechanism should be introduced gradually. Therefore, counterpart support should be done inthree stages according to the level of economic and social development in ethnic areas. The
first stage: support should be the main focus while cooperation is supplementary; in thesecond stage: support and cooperation should be treated as equally important; in the third
stage: support should be supplementary while cooperation should be the main focus. At thetime of study, counterpart support should arrive at the second and third stages. To graduallyshift from counterpart support to counterpart cooperation, we must improve the recipient's
own self-rejuvenating function by changing from unilateral support to cooperation of mutual
benefit, and continuously improving the self-development capability of the recipient. All
governments in the counterpart support should be active participants in creating conditions
for the transition from support to cooperation. Consequently, it would be necessary to rename
the counterpart support policy as the counterpart cooperation policy". Counterpart
cooperation would require a strong institutional environment. When there is conflict ofinterest between different subjects, or when regional interests are not united in the overall
interests, it would be difficult for the regional economy to achieve coordinated development
solely by relying on the conscious awareness of local governments. Counterpart cooperationnecessitates appropriate laws to be enacted. In order to provide support and guarantee, thestate should issue the Regulations on Counterpart Cooperation in Minority Areas and its
implementation rules as soon as possible to coordinate, standardize and guide the counterpart
cooperation work between developed areas in China and ethnic areas. [ vi]2. Establish and improve a long-term mechanism for benefit sharing, and build acommunity of shared future for counterpart cooperation
The counterpart support policy was dependent on political will to ensure the development of
ethnic areas. It often used the enforced matchmaking method which mandated that supportingareas help the ethnic areas, and the ethnic areas would be the recipients of assistance. The
recipients gained a lot from the whole process of counterpart support through large number of
infrastructures that were built. These greatly improved the quality of economic development
and people's life. The counterpart support policy tools that had been practiced for years hadvi Tian Zhaoping. Research on the Construction of Economic Cooperation Mechanism in Eastern andWestern China [J]. Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities. 2013(2):117-122.
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seemed simple but lacked the combined system of policy tools such as management,
coordination, monitoring and evaluation, and a refined policy for the recipient areas. The
recipients provided the people, money, materials and technology, which seriously affected theenthusiasm of the supporters to participate in counterpart support, and thus the mutual benefit
mechanism between the two sides had not been formed. Thus far, the funds for counterpart
assistance was mainly derived from fiscal funds and state-owned funds. The contribution
from private capital had been low. Main contributors of aid were local governments and large
and medium-sized state-owned enterprises. Most of the counterpart support projects were forpublic welfare purpose. This is not attractive in drawing contribution from private enterprises,
and easily adds to the financial burden of the supporters. The counterpart support policy
lacked a benefit sharing value to encourage long-term cooperation or form a mutual benefit
sharing mechanism. The recipient government accepted the aid passively, with insufficient
long-term commitment and spirit of cooperation. In particular, the recipient government
would emphasize just the superficial value of the project and lacked effective supervision of
the project; the government of the support side would just fulfill their political duty believingthat counterpart assistance should be treated as a gift. The government of the support side
would have superiority complex and thus ignored the use and follow-up management of aid
funds. The supporter and the aid recipient were not sharing each other's benefits from thecounterpart support project; on the contrary, the equal rights of the two sides were often
harmed by the lack of law. For the side of the government support, to switch fromcorresponding support to cooperation would require a concerted effort in protecting their own
rights and interests that they as supporter should enjoy. The key to the success of counterpart
cooperation would be to establish a long-term mechanism for sharing the benefits ofcounterpart cooperation results between supporters and recipients, and gradually build acounterpart cooperation community with a shared future. [ vii ] It should be noted thatcounterpart cooperation was not a spontaneous economic cooperation between regions, andwould still require the strong intervention of the central government. Although counterpart
cooperation was mainly a form of cooperation between local governments in which thesupporter provided free support to the grantee, to make the cooperation effective and longterm in order to reach the third stage i.e. support as supplementary role and cooperation as themain thrust, sharing of benefits would be important.
For private capital to actively participate in counterpart cooperation, the adoption of tax
relief, increased special subsidies and other measures is crucial to provide incentives forenterprises and institutions of the supporting side. The sharing of public goods and public
services could also be targeted in different places to manage interests of the supporters.
Benefit sharing in counterpart cooperation is the perfect and long-term solution. By fully
weighing and coordinating the interests of all participants and all parties, regional
coordinated development goal is achievable and the fruits of national economic development
can be shared by all the nation’s Chinese people.
3. Innovate the counterpart cooperation management mechanism, improve thesupervision mechanism, and ensure the effective implementation of the law
Local governments would be granted more autonomy with intensive reforms andliberalization, and without effective laws, it is inevitable that implementation weakness suchas misalignment between policies and practice would occur. Because an effective
management mechanism in counterpart support had yet to be found, government functionsvii Hu Dan, Tian Zhaoping. Research on performance evaluation and improvement countermeasures ofcounterpart support policy implementation [J]. Journal of Sichuan University for Nationalities. 2021 (12):55 - 61.
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lacked clarity in the implementation of counterpart support. In the past the lack of long-termplanning in the counterpart support process caused the recipients to focus mainly on
infrastructure construction with minimal attention to industrial development. Therefore, it
was arduous to build industries of distinguished characteristics and advantageous industries
that would transform and optimize the industrial structure of ethnic areas. The approach had
clearly failed to work the way it was intended. The government of the recipient side
maintained a traditional mindset that was lacking in service awareness, and its guiding role
was not given enough prominence. Because of this, misaligned government actions became
more intense. Ever since the implementation of the counterpart assistance policy began,developed areas provided a lot of assistance in economic and material forms to ethnic areas.
Also, a high number of counterpart assistance projects were established in the recipient areas,
but these projects presented problems as well for example, insufficient project preparation
work and preliminary research and non-implementation of actual project. Even after the
project was confirmed, it would undergo changes haphazardly, and subjected to improper
management, which seriously affected the use of support funds, and diminish any of the
expected economic benefits. Upon project completion, the local government would take overthe management, leaving the recipient area with continued lack of relevant experience andtechnology. The phenomenon of unfinished business is an occasional occurrence. In the longrun, the role of counterpart cooperation in promoting the economic development of ethnic
areas would not be realized while the long-term development of counterpart cooperation had
not received enough attention, and the long-term operation mechanism had not beeneffectively established. In counterpart cooperation, various market forces with enterprises as
the main body should actively participate and take action according to the law of market
supply and demand by adjusting their own behavior to take actions to achieve entrepreneurial
motives. In counterpart cooperation, various enterprises may appear directly as profit, or as
charity or public welfare. Regardless of their identity and appearance, the ultimate goal ofenterprises would be to obtain economic and social benefits by participating in counterpart
cooperation. Therefore, it would be necessary to supplement and avoid the insufficiency ofcooperation between local governments by establishing a cross-government substantive
counterpart cooperation implementation mechanism through the docking and exit mechanismof innovative aid projects. We would suggest to set up a substantive counterpart cooperation
implementation agency jointly invested by the recipient and the supporter. Funds could be
added, and financial platforms could also be used to make the sources of funds forcounterpart cooperation reliable and diversified. The governments of the two sides could also
communicate their wishes to the entity body, and the plans with different opinions would bebalanced and coordinated by the body first, and then submitted to the governments of the twosides for negotiation and coordination. Indeed, the normative implementation of laws,
policies and agreements would be inseparable from effective supervision and constraints. To
actively improve the supervision mechanism of counterpart cooperation, it would benecessary to establish an all-round supervision system and report the progress of each projectin real time. Authorities and supervisory agencies in ethnic minority areas should earnestly
perform their supervisory duties, further improve the law enforcement inspection mechanism,
strengthen supervision and restraint, and improve the effect of supervision and self-restraint.
4. Establish and improve the horizontal financial transfer payment system forcounterpart cooperation to achieve equalization of basic public services
Currently, China’s balance of financial resources was mainly a method of transfer payment
from the central government to the local government. With economic development, balancing
local financial resources would require the central government to pay more and more costs,
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Asian Journal of Management Sciences & Education Vol. 11(2) July- October 2022__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________and the rigidity of this expenditure increased the financial risk and expenditure pressure of
the central government. In balancing the financial situation between regions, westerndeveloped countries still use the form of horizontal transfer payments between interprovincial governments. To some extent, this method has been performing quite well.
Horizontal fiscal transfer payment means the direct transfer payment from wealthy areas topoor areas, and by horizontal transfer, the pattern of vested interests among regions would bealtered to balance the public service levels among regions. Equality is the purpose ofhorizontal fiscal transfer payment which would equalize the level of public services invarious regions, resolving the problem of unbalanced social and economic development
among regions. In China, to fully implement this horizontal financial transfer payment system
is unrealistic. The practical experience of counterpart support to design the financial transfer
payment scheme between regions in China can be practiced. Therefore, the design ofhorizontal fiscal transfer payment scheme in China can be restricted to the relevant provinces(municipalities or autonomous regions) for counterpart cooperation. There is an urgent
necessity to accelerate the standardization of the horizontal transfer payment system in theform of counterpart cooperation, delineate the objectives and principles of transfer payment,
make adjustments to standardize the form and scale of transfer payment, emphasize themaximum effect of counterpart cooperation assistance projects, and strengthen the transfer
payment system to achieve transparency in ethnic areas. In the formulation of the"Regulations on Counterpart Cooperation in Minority Areas", it may be considered toincrease the content of horizontal financial transfer payments, and there must be clear
regulations on the content, specific uses, supervision forms, and punishment rules ofhorizontal financial transfer payments. [ viii] Simultaneously, it is imperative to strengthen theestablishment of a third-party evaluation and supervisory process for the horizontal transfer
payment system. Horizontal financial transfer payments will improve the financial resourcesof the recipient local governments and enhance their autonomy, so they can make better useof the funds and increase their self-development capability.
AKNOWLEDGEMENT
The above research was funded by Institute of Industrial Development and Governance
Innovation, China.

viii Tian Zhaoping. Research on Institutional Innovation of Harmonious Economic Development in China's

Minority Areas [J]. Ethnology Journal. 2013(2): 17-25.
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ISSN: 2186-845X ISSN: 2186-8441 Print(株) リナアンドルナインターナショナル, 筑西市,日本

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