Please refer to the definition file.

1

2

1. Congratulations on winning the game!
2. Congratulations! You got the job!
3. The kids like feeding the ducks in the park.
4. Meanwhile, the boys are cleaning the entire garden.
5. They will probably go to the countryside this weekend.
6. Gosh, I broke it!
7. Gosh, are you ok?
8. I’m ok with that plan.

3

9. She normally comes here every Saturday.
10. The owner will leave the city tonight; thus, we will not have a meeting
tomorrow.
11. Hang on! I’ll get my things first.
12. It is very unlikely for her to forget about my birthday.
13. Unlike that dress, this color doesn’t even suit me.
14. The show last night went well.
15. Hang on. I’m almost done!

41. Gosh, the program last week was awful. Repeat.
2. Gosh, the program last week was awful. Change: show.
3. Gosh, the show last week was awful. Change: meanwhile.
4. Meanwhile, the show last week was awful. Change: Friday.
5. Meanwhile, the show last Friday was awful. Change: OK.
6. Meanwhile, the show last Friday was OK. Change: great.
7. Meanwhile, the show last Friday was great. Change: probably.
8. Probably, the show last Friday was great. Change: went.
9. Probably, the show last Friday went great. Change: wedding.
10. Probably, the wedding last Friday went great. Change: well.

51. Unlike your performance, hers was honestly bad. Repeat.
2. Change: grades.
3. Change: my.
4. Change: totally.
5. Change: their.
6. Change: OK.
7. Change: mine.
8. Change: normally.
9. Change: relationship.
10. Change: ours.

61. It is unlikely that you feed your ducks.
2. It is very unlikely that you feed your ducks.
3. It is very unlikely that you feed your father’s ducks.
4. It is very unlikely that you feed your father’s ducks yourself.

7

1. You won a car! Repeat.
2. You won a car! Add: congratulations.
3. Congratulations! You won a car! Add: sports.
4. Congratulations! You won a sports car! Add: new.
5. Congratulations! You won a new sports car! Add: just.

81. We are leaving in three minutes, thus we can hang on. Repeat.
2. Add: still.
3. Add: not.
4. Add: probably.

91. John could just hang on here. Repeat.
2. John could just hang on here. Transform: who.
3. It’s very unlikely to rain today. Repeat.
4. It’s very unlikely to rain today. Transform: when.
5. That room is comfortable, unlike this one. Repeat.
6. That room is comfortable, unlike this one. Transform: what.
7. You have to rest well for tomorrow’s interview. Repeat.
8. You have to rest well for tomorrow’s interview. Transform: why.
9. People normally say “congratulations” when we get a job. Repeat.
10. People normally say “congratulations” when we get a job. Transform: what.

10Please refer to the definition file.

11

12

13

1. There are many young people in the pubs.
2. They make milk in the factory.
3. He is working in the post office.
4. I can’t bear waiting for someone under the heat of the sun.
5. The beautiful actress got popular in her new film.
6. He blacked out because he didn’t eat anything today.
7. I read a very nice quote about life and happiness.
8. She quoted what I said.

149. I quote, “Study hard and work hard to be successful in life.”
10. The factory workers demanded an increase in salary.
11. My boss is observing our work every day.
12. The military surrounds the enemies.
13. Five men broke into the bank last night.
14. My sister blacked out because they walked all day without drinking water.
15. I will call the police if I see someone break into a house.
16. We couldn’t work today because there was a blackout at the office.

15

1. Tall buildings surround the post office. Repeat.
2. Tall buildings surround the post office. Change: trees.
3. Tall trees surround the post office. Change: factory.
4. Tall trees surround the factory. Change: beautiful.
5. Beautiful trees surround the factory. Change: flowers.
6. Beautiful flowers surround the factory. Change: nice.
7. Nice flowers surround the factory. Change: cars.
8. Nice cars surround the factory. Change: pub.
9. Nice cars surround the pub. Change: expensive.
10. Expensive cars surround the pub. Change: restaurant.

16

1. normally
2. congratulations
3. unlikely
4. post office
5. observe
6. popular
7. surround8. black out

17

1. We saw some men breaking into that big house. Repeat.
2. We saw some men breaking into that big house. Change: they, huge.
3. They saw some men breaking into that huge house. Change: three, bank.
4. They saw three men breaking into that huge bank. Change: I, people.
5. I saw three people breaking into that huge bank. Change: she, building.

181. An old woman blacked out in the street. Repeat.
2. An old woman blacked out in the street. Change: man, supermarket.
3. An old man blacked out in the supermarket. Change: a, young.
4. A young man blacked out in the supermarket. Change: lady, park.
5. A young lady blacked out in the park. Change: little, shop.

19

1. She found quotes on the internet. Repeat.
2. She found quotes on the internet. Add: yesterday.
3. She found quotes on the internet yesterday. Add: many.
4. She found many quotes on the internet yesterday. Add: popular.

20

1. I like observing people. Repeat.
2. I like observing people. Add: actually.
3. Actually, I like observing people. Add: in public.
4. Actually, I like observing people in public. Add: don’t.

21

1. A woman blacked out in the street. Repeat.
2. A woman blacked out in the street. Change: church.
3. A woman blacked out in the church. Add: yesterday.
4. A woman blacked out in the church yesterday. Change: restaurant.
5. A woman blacked out in the restaurant yesterday. Change: demanded.
6. A woman demanded in the restaurant yesterday. Add: wine.
7. A woman demanded wine in the restaurant yesterday. Change: man.
8. A man demanded wine in the restaurant yesterday. Add: rich.

22

1. The employees bore the heat inside the post office. Repeat.
2. The employees bore the heat inside the post office. Transform: who.
3. My teacher quoted some parts of the president’s speech. Repeat.
4. My teacher quoted some parts of the president’s speech. Transform: what.
5. There will be a blackout in the city tonight. Repeat.
6. There will be a blackout in the city tonight. Transform: when.
7. Maria is very popular in the school. Repeat.
8. Maria is very popular in the school. Transform: where.
9. We should observe silence in the library. Repeat.
10. We should observe silence in the library. Transform: what.

23

There are two ways to repeat what other people have said. We call them direct speech
and indirect speech.
Direct speech is to give or say exactly what the other person has said.
Indirect speech is also called reported speech. In indirect speech, we change the tense
further into the past.
“I am eating,” she said.
She said that she was eating.

How to change direct speech into indirect speech:
1. Change the pronoun. In the example above, the pronoun “I” becomes “she”.
2. Change the tense, including the modal verbs. e.g. shall – should, will – would, etc.
Note: When the words would, could, might, should, and ought are used in direct speech,
they are not changed in indirect speech.
“I will clean the table.”, he said.
He said he would clean the table.
“I might sleep late.”, Maria said.
Maria said she might sleep late.

24

1. “It is unlikely for her to go to pubs,” John said.
2. John said that it was unlikely for her to go to pubs.
3. “Most of the people in this village are working in the clothes factory,” shesaid.
4. She said that most of the people in this village were working in the clothes
factory.
5. “I asked Anna to meet me at the post office,” he said.
6. He said that he asked Anna to meet him at the post office.
7. “I must sleep early,” he said.
8. He said that he had to sleep early.

25

9. He told me, “I can bear waiting outside in the rain.”
10. He told me that he could bear waiting outside in the rain.
11. They said, “Congratulations! It’s a boy!”
12. They said congratulations, it was a boy.
13. He said, “We don’t have a class today”.
14. He said they didn’t have a class today.
15. “I should cook dinner for you,” my sister said.
16. My sister said she should cook dinner for me.

26

1. Maria said, “I will go to the supermarket.”
2. Maria said, “I will go to the mall.”
3. She said, “I will go to the mall.”
4. She said, “They will go to the mall.”
5. She said, “They will walk to the mall.”
6. She said, “They will walk to the park.”
7. She said, “They will walk in the park.”
8. She said, “They will walk around the park.”
9. He said, “They will walk around the park.”
10. He said, “We will walk around the park.”27

1. We said that the children would like to stay here. Repeat.
2. We said that the children would like to stay here. Change: he, there.
3. He said that the children would like to stay there. Change: students, study.
4. He said that the students would like to study there. Change: she, want.
5. She said that the students would want to study there. Change: read, that.
6. She said that the students would want to read that. Change: members, eat.
7. She said that the members would want to eat that. Change: prefer, drink.

28

1. He said, “The truck hit the tree.” Repeat.
2. Add: red.
3. Add: in the street.
4. Add: apple.
5. Add: accidentally.

29

1. Mom told me that I had to clean my room. Repeat.
2. Add: my.
3. Add: sister’s.
4. Add: quickly.

30

1. The owner will leave the city tonight; | thus, we will not have a meeting
tomorrow.
2. Unlike that dress, | this color doesn’t even suit me.
3. My sister blacked out | because they walked all day | without drinking water.
4. They saw three men | breaking into that huge bank.
5. She said that most of the people in this village | were working in the clothes
factory.

31

1. “I have three cars at home,” she said. Repeat.
2. “I have three cars at home,” she said. Transform: indirect speech.
3. The secretary said that they were going to open a new office somewhere.
Repeat.
4. The secretary said that they were going to open a new office somewhere.
Transform: direct speech.
5. “I bought these books because they are on sale,” said Mary. Repeat.
6. “I bought these books because they are on sale,” said Mary. Transform:
indirect speech.

32

7. “I can see them coming,” he said. Repeat.
8. “I can see them coming,” he said. Transform: indirect speech.
9. They said that we had to read all of these. Repeat.
10. They said that we had to read all of these. Transform: direct speech.
11. I told them that the plan was very simple. Repeat.
12. I told them that the plan was very simple. Transform: direct speech.
13. “Do you like cold weather?” I asked him. Repeat.
14. “Do you like cold weather?” I asked him. Transform: indirect speech.

33

1. “If you study hard, you get high grades,” my dad said. Repeat.
2. “If you study hard, you get high grades,” my dad said. Transform: indirectspeech.
3. Mom said I would be late for school if I ate slowly. Repeat.
4. Mom said I would be late for school if I ate slowly. Transform: direct speech.
5. “If you eat that, you will be sick,” she said. Repeat.
6. “If you eat that, you will be sick,” she said. Transform: indirect speech.

34

35

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

36

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

37

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

38

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

39

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

40

1. Ask the student to read the sentences.
2. Correct the student’s pronunciation.

41

1. My boss is observing our work every day.
2. The military surrounds the enemies.
3. Five men broke into the bank last night.
4. My sister blacked out because they walked all day without drinking water.
5. I will call the police if I see someone break into a house.
6. We couldn’t work today because there was a blackout at the office.
7. Hang on! I’ll get my things first.
8. It is very unlikely for her to forget about my birthday.
9. Unlike that dress, this color doesn’t even suit me.
10. The show last night went well.

421. normally
2. congratulations
3. unlikely
4. post office
5. observe
6. popular
7. surround8. black out

43

1. Gosh, the program last week was awful. Repeat.
2. Gosh, the program last week was awful. Change: show.
3. Gosh, the show last week was awful. Change: meanwhile.
4. Meanwhile, the show last week was awful. Change: Friday.
5. Meanwhile, the show last Friday was awful. Change: OK.
6. Meanwhile, the show last Friday was OK. Change: great.
7. Meanwhile, the show last Friday was great. Change: probably.
8. Probably, the show last Friday was great. Change: went. “I could do that foryou,” she said.
9. Probably, the show last Friday went great. Change: wedding.
10. Probably, the wedding last Friday went great. Change: well.

44

1. We saw some men breaking into that big house. Repeat.
2. We saw some men breaking into that big house. Change: they, huge.
3. They saw some men breaking into that huge house. Change: three, bank.
4. They saw three men breaking into that huge bank. Change: I, people.
5. I saw three people breaking into that huge bank. Change: she, building.

45

46

1. She found quotes on the internet. Repeat.
2. She found quotes on the internet. Add: yesterday.
3. She found quotes on the internet yesterday. Add: many.
4. She found many quotes on the internet yesterday. Add: popular.

47

1. Unlike your performance, hers was honestly bad. Repeat.
2. Change: grades.
3. Change: my.
4. Change: totally.
5. Change: their.
6. Change: OK.
7. Change: mine.
8. Change: normally.
9. Change: relationship.
10. Change: ours.

48

1. The owner will leave the city tonight; | thus, we will not have a meeting
tomorrow.
2. Unlike that dress, | this color doesn’t even suit me.
3. My sister blacked out | because they walked all day | without drinking water.
4. They saw three men | breaking into that huge bank.
5. She said that most of the people in this village | were working in the clothes
factory.

49

1. You won a car! Repeat.
2. You won a car! Add: congratulations.
3. Congratulations! You won a car! Add: sports.
4. Congratulations! You won a sports car! Add: new.
5. Congratulations! You won a new sports car! Add: just.

501. A woman blacked out in the street. Repeat.
2. A woman blacked out in the street. Change: church.
3. A woman blacked out in the church. Add: yesterday.
4. A woman blacked out in the church yesterday. Change: restaurant.
5. A woman blacked out in the restaurant yesterday. Change: demanded.
6. A woman demanded in the restaurant yesterday. Add: wine.
7. A woman demanded wine in the restaurant yesterday. Change: man.
8. A man demanded wine in the restaurant yesterday. Add: rich.

51

1. Mom told me that I had to clean my room. Repeat.
2. Add: my.
3. Add: sister’s.
4. Add: quickly.

52

1. The owner will leave the city tonight; thus, we will not have a meeting
tomorrow.
2. She said that most of the people in this village were working in the clothes
factory.
3. My sister blacked out because they walked all day without drinking water.
4. They will probably go to the countryside this weekend.
5. He told me that he could bear waiting outside in the rain.
6. I will call the police if I see someone break into a house.
7. The kids like feeding the ducks in the park.

53

Please refer to the definition file.

54

55

56

1. I will study in England soon.
2. One century is one hundred years.
3. Ten years is one decade.
4. The actress will be on tour in Europe.
5. We enjoyed our trip to Singapore last year.
6. She knows the history of every country in Asia.
7. The battle between the countries of Europe happened centuries ago.
8. English is a global language.
9. He works in an industrial factory.
10. I don’t trust them to conduct a business.
11. Their country declared war many years ago.
12. The class is mainly about history.

57

1. The greatest battle in history happened many years ago. Repeat.
2. The greatest battle in history happened many years ago. Change: Europe,
decades.
3. The greatest battle in Europe happened many decades ago. Change: biggest,
Asia.
4. The biggest battle in Asia happened many decades ago. Change: the world,
centuries.

58

1. The president of the company will arrive soon. Repeat.
2. Change: owner.
3. Change: later.
4. Change: eat.
5. Change: early.
6. Change: shop.
7. Change: staff.
8. Change: clean.
9. Change: late.
10. Change: leave.

59

1. Peace was the topic they discussed during the meeting. Repeat.
2. Peace was the topic they discussed during the meeting. Add: global.
3. Global peace was the topic they discussed during the meeting. Add: mainly.
4. Global peace was mainly the topic they discussed during the meeting. Add:
leaders’.

60

1. We had a trip to the towns. Repeat.
2. We had a trip to the towns. Add: of Europe.
3. We had a trip to the towns of Europe. Add: fun.
4. We had a fun trip to the towns of Europe. Add: industrial.

61

1. Our leaders declared war against other countries. Repeat.
2. Our leaders declared war against other countries. Add: in the past.
3. Our leaders declared war against other countries in the past. Change: battles.
4. Our leaders declared battles against other countries in the past. Change:
nations.
5. Our leaders declared battles against other nations in the past. Change:fought.
6. Our leaders fought battles against other nations in the past. Add: many.
7. Our leaders fought many battles against other nations in the past. Change:
different.

62

1. tour
2. pure3. sure4. global
5. industrial
6. mainly63

1. The students will go on an international tour this summer. Repeat.
2. The students will go on an international tour this summer. Transform: when.
3. Maria will be busy conducting interviews tomorrow. Repeat.
4. Maria will be busy conducting interviews tomorrow. Transform: who.
5. That church has existed for a decade now. Repeat.
6. That church has existed for a decade now. Transform: what.
7. My favorite singer will have her world tour soon. Repeat.
8. My favorite singer will have her world tour soon. Transform: when.
9. The people are glad because their town is now an industrial town. Repeat.
10. The people are glad because their town is now an industrial town.
Transform: why.

64

We have already learned about direct speech and indirect speech before andhow to change direct speech into reported speech or indirect speech.
In this lesson, we will learn more about changing direct into indirect speechwith questions, requests, and imperatives.

Indirect Speech with questions:
For Wh questions, the tense of the verb is still changed.
Remember that reporting a question should not appear as a question in indirectspeech but as a normal positive sentence.
However, we still keep or use the question words
in indirect speech.
For example, “What is your name?” she asked. She asked me what my namewas.
For yes/no questions, we use the word if / whether in changing direct speech
into indirect speech.
For example, “Do you like tea?” he asked. He asked me if I liked tea.

65

1. “What is your name?” he asked.
2. He asked me what my name was.
3. She asked, “Do you like dogs?”
4. She asked if I liked dogs.
5. He asked, “Do you live here?”
6. He asked if I lived here.

66

1. A man asked me where the pet shop was. Repeat.
2. A man asked me where the pet shop was. Change: woman.
3. A woman asked me where the pet shop was. Change: coffee.
4. A woman asked me where the coffee shop was. Change: stranger.
5. A stranger asked me where the coffee shop was. Change: him.
6. A stranger asked him where the coffee shop was. Change: girl.
7. A girl asked him where the coffee shop was. Change: table.
8. A girl asked him where the coffee table was. Change: round.
9. A girl asked him where the round table was. Change: her.
10. A girl asked her where the round table was. Change: mirror.

67

1. Mom asked who the staff was. Repeat.
2. Add: me.
3. Add: my.
4. Add: lazy.

68

69

1. Maria asked, “Do you like to live here?” Transform: indirect speech.
2. She asked me if I was ok. Transform: direct speech.
3. They asked, “Which way is to the library?” Transform: indirect speech.
4. “Does he hate me?” I asked. Transform: indirect speech.
5. He asked me why I was sad. Transform: direct speech.
6. She asked what that was. Transform: direct speech.

70

There are many ways to ask someone to do something in a polite way but they
all mean the same – asking or requesting something.
Can you open the door, please?
or: Could you open the door, please?
or: Would you mind opening the door, please?
In changing direct speech into indirect speech, we follow this structure: ask +to + infinitive.
For example, “Can you open the door, please?” she asked. She asked me toopen the door.

71

1. The girl asked, “Please close the window.”
2. The girl asked me to close the window.
3. “Could you carry this for me, please?” he asked.
4. He asked me to carry that for him.
5. “Would you mind singing tonight?” my brother asked.
6. My brother asked me to sing tonight.

72

1. The old lady asked me to open the first door. Repeat.
2. The old lady asked me to open the first door. Change: young.
3. The young lady asked me to open the first door. Change: big.
4. The young lady asked me to open the big door. Change: beautiful.
5. The beautiful lady asked me to open the big door. Change: clean.

731. My daughter asked me to cook dinner. Repeat.
2. My daughter asked me to cook dinner. Add: chicken for.
3. My daughter asked me to cook chicken for dinner. Add: youngest.
4. My youngest daughter asked me to cook chicken for dinner. Add: fried.

74

1. “Please clean the table after eating,” he asked. Repeat.
2. “Please clean the table after eating,” Transform: indirect speech.
3. He asked, “Could you bring the documents tomorrow, please?” Repeat.
4. He asked, “Could you bring the documents tomorrow, please?” Transform:
indirect speech.
5. Maria asked me to open the water bottle. Repeat.
6. Maria asked me to open the water bottle. Transform: direct speech.
7. She asked me to help her. Repeat.
8. She asked me to help her. Transform: direct speech.
9. She asked, “Could you get that hat?” Repeat.
10. She asked, “Could you get that hat?” Transform: indirect speech.
11. “Please talk slowly,” John asked him. Repeat.
12. “Please talk slowly,” John asked him. Transform: indirect speech.

75

Indirect speech with imperatives:
We change direct speech with imperatives into indirect speech in the same way
as requests, but we normally say tell instead of say.
For example, “Don’t touch the flower!” he told me. He told me not to touch theflower76

1. She told me, “Keep quiet!”
2. She told me to keep quiet.
3. Mom told me, “Don’t do that again!”
4. Mom told me not to do this again.
5. “Sit down!” my teacher told us.
6. My teacher told us to sit down.

77

1. Our history teacher told us to sit down. Repeat.
2. Our history teacher told us to sit down. Change: math.
3. Our math teacher told us to sit down. Change: my.
4. My math teacher told us to sit down. Change: keep quiet.
5. My math teacher told us to keep quiet. Change: me.
6. My math teacher told me to keep quiet. Change: English.

78

1. Dad told me to run. Repeat.
2. Add: my.
3. Add: fast.
4. Add: not.

79

1. She told me, “Close your book!” Repeat.
2. She told me, “Close your book!” Transform: indirect speech.
3. “Just sit down,” she told her. Repeat.
4. “Just sit down,” she told her. Transform: indirect speech.
5. We told them to go away. Repeat.
6. We told them to go away. Transform: direct speech.
7. The cleaner told us, “Don’t throw your garbage anywhere.” Repeat.
8. The cleaner told us, “Don’t throw your garbage anywhere.” Transform:
indirect speech.
9. Mom told me to go to bed. Repeat.
10. Mom told me to go to bed. Transform: direct speech.

80