2006 IPCC Software for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories: Application and use for India

aPresentation for NGGIP Side EventBonn, June 8, 2013
Prof. Amit Garg (amitgarg@iimahd.ernet.in), INDIA

Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India

GHG Inventory Software•

Objectives for Indian inventory preparation (by IIMA team)– Creating a TACCC and UNFCCC compliant GHG inventory for latest years– Converting all previous years’ inventories into a consistent framework throughan appropriate software– Software should be easy to become a part of any proposed National InventoryManagement System (NIMS) for India as and when designed•

Historical GHG inventory preparation– Indian government has submitted INC and SNC to UNFCCCa GHG inventory reports – 1994, 2000,– Years covered in various Indian official
2005 and 2007
– IIMA team has been creating national inventories for last 15 years (covering
all sectors except LULUCF) and also feeding into India’s national inventory
process appropriately•

Reasons for using IPCC 2006 software (by us)– We were not using any inventory software before– Had an option for preparing our own software, but went for this software– Of course IPCC 2006 software has many advantages– Other available softwares were not easily available, or we didn’t look enoughIndian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India

Reasons for Using 2006 IPCC Software•••••••

It’s the latest available software for GHG inventory preparation
For preparation of 2006 IPCC guidelines, many LAs / CLAs from India, somore conversant with guidelines of various sectors
Many Indian experts also involved with 2006 IPCC software creation
process
The software is simple to use
It is able to produce different reporting tables as per requirementIt helps capturing missing sources afor emission reporting
It has helped synchronization of activity data across sectors– Energy and Non-energy from Iron & Steel sector– Biomass consumption for energy (CH4 & N2O) and its reporting in AFOLUsector– Energy from waste sector••

Checking time series consistency of data across years has become easier
It fits in the proposed National plans of National Inventory Management
System (NIMS)
Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India

2006 IPCC Software•••••••

Allows flexibility of CO2 equivalent numbers i.e. given scenarios anduser defined
Allows region selection and incorporation of country specific numbers
Selection of base year and addition of new years available to seeconstancy of values
Provides with proper structure for detailed estimation of sectoral
emissions
It captures TACCCa• Transparency: creates database with data checks at different levels• Completeness: by checking if all the sources are covered• Consistency: helps revise the older emission number for latest
methodology and guidelines
Helps analyze uncertainty % in AD and EF at different sectors and gas
levels from base year to current
This aids in QA of existing database

Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India

CO2 Emission Estimation, 2005
Source categories
PowerIndustryCement
Iron & SteelFertilizer
Other Industries
Transport
Road
RailwayAviation
Shipping
Residential
Industrial Processes
Other Sectors
TOTAL

1996 guidelines
638
334
98
103
24109
155
a
143
65
11021229

2006 guidelines*603
384
43
96
22
223
111
93
6
10256
179
146
1478

* Recalculated numbers using software, also some revised EF and updated AD
Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India

CH4 Emission Estimation with twomethodologiesEFs obtained from actual
Detailed plant type estimation madeSource categories
based on the organic content in theplant

All Energy* EF numbers refined at process
Biomasslevel like Flaring (offshore /Coal mining onshore), venting etc
Oil & natural gas
Agriculture
Average
MSW
generation
specificwater
regime• •India
Field burningofagriculture
residuenumberfrom
obtainedfromlatest
amodifiedotherdetailed
Entericstudies
fermentation
CPCBusingreportmore precise
EF estimated based on India
Manure•measurement
management
methods
specific secondary literature
Rice• cultivationIndia
specific
EFs used based
Used
actual wastewater•
Waste on NATCOM study
generation and methane
Solid waste
emission numbers for someWastewater
sampled Indian industries of
TOTAL different products, covering 60%

measurements (NATCOM) used.

1995
1996
Meth
2.98
1.67
0.67
0.64
14.67
0.181
9.42
0.99
4.08
1.20
0.75
0.45
18.85

2006
Meth
3.98
2.81
0.38
0.79
12.19
0.10
7.26
0.92
4.01
2.24
1.82
0.42
18.41

2005
sub-district• 1996
Average
MSW•Actual2006
level
population
generation
numberMethMeth
obtainedavailable
from latest
numbers
3.63
4.87
CPCBreport
moreprecise• Used3.01
MSW
disposal•1.8
India specific
0.79
0.96
distributedas(NATCOM) emission
Landfill0.90/
1.04
factors
usedComposting
14.82
14.61/ Noagewise India• Actualtreatment from
0.182
0.41
numbers
specificavailable
studies
9.62
9.78• Emission factor
1.00
0.97
estimatedbased on
4.02
3.86
DOC, DOCf,
Methane-Carbon
1.63
1.03
ratio, etc0.88
0.96
characteristics of
0.67
0.15
waste
20.08
20.51

of theindustrial
sources* Sources suchas biogas
for energy
have also been estimated, but found miniscule and thus not reported here.
•Used wastewater generated datafrom Class II cities of India
Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India

N2O emissions estimations (Gg) for 2005
Inclusion of some newsource categories
that Source Category
New EF
Source Category
1996
2006
guidelines
guidelines
in kg
our(0.0065
kg
O–N per
2missed• 16.8wereGgNaddeddue
to N from151
159
Synthetic fertilizer
useprevious
Direct N2O emissions
estimates
synthetic
fertilizer
appliedcropresidue
left
Field burninginsteadof131ofGgearlier0.01)• 11.5
added
dueNewMethodology:
fulltosectoral Synthetic fertilizer use*
20agriculture residue
N from crop residue left*
OrganicN
appliedtothesoil
coverageofindirectNO
230
Indirect soil emissions
Organic N applied to the soil*
emissions
8
Manure management
Indirect N2O emissions
19
Fossil fuel combustion
Changed activity data for 2005
Field burning of agriculture
16
Industrial processes
aresidue(actual numbers available now
9WasteBiomass burning
against estimates in previous
253
Total N2O Emissions
Coal consumption
inventory)
Petroleum fuels consumption
Gas consumption
Industrial processes
Waste
Total N2O Emissions

171234826
1330.09914267

Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India

Methodology for CH4 (2006 IPCC Guidelines)
Emission source

Methodology (2006 IPCC)Enteric fermentation
Manure management
Rice cultivation

Vol. 4, Ch. 10

Biomass burning (offsite)
Coal mining andhandling
Oil and natural gas
systems
Agriculture crop
residue burning (onsite)
Municipal solid waste

Vol. 2, Ch. 2

Wastewater disposal
Domestic wastewaterIndustrial wastewaterVol. 4, Ch. 5

Vol. 2, Ch. 4aVol. 2, Ch. 4
Vol. 4, Ch. 2

Vol. 5, Ch. 3Remarks
Tier 2 methodology; use of country
specific EFs for livestock
India specific measured EF andcultivation period used

India specific seam level data wasavailable
Actual crude consumption data used
for activity data and refined EF
Some measured activity data wasextrapolated for country level with
consultation with experts
Industry specific activity data andmeasured EFs are used

Vol. 5, Ch. 6
Vol. 5, Ch. 3
Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India

Methodology for N2O (2006 IPCC Guidelines)
Emission source

IPCC 2006 Methodology

TierEquation no.

Direct N2O emissions

Vol. 4 (AFOLU), Ch. 112

11.1

Synthetic fertilizer used Vol. 4 (AFOLU), Ch. 11211.2

Organic nitrogen applied to the soil Vol. 4 (AFOLU), Ch. 10, 11 2
Nitrogen from crop residue left Vol. 4 (AFOLU), Ch. 1111.2 to 11.4, 10.34

2

11.6

Indirect N2O emission

Vol. 4 (AFOLU),
a Ch. 112

11.9, 11.10

Agriculture residue burning (onsite)Vol. 4 (AFOLU), Ch. 2, 112

2.27

Biomass burning (offsite)Vol. 2 (ENERGY), Ch. 21

2.1

Fossil fuel combustion

Vol. 2 (ENERGY), Ch. 21, 2/3*2.1Industrial processes

Vol. 3 (IPPU), Ch. 32, 3

3.5

Waste management

Vol. 5 (WASTE), Ch. 4, 61, 2

4.2, 6.7, 6.8*Transport and residential at tier 1 level, while industry and power estimations at tier 2/3 levels
Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India

Some International Comparisons for CH4aIndian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India

N2O Emission Distribution
Per capita N2O emission distributions of India during 1990, 1995 and 2005
as compared to some other countries in 2005
0.26

2.5India

0.88

2.12

2.58

3.78

4.38

4.96

ChinaUK

Germany

AustraliaCanadaUSA

4.0

4.5

5.0

1990

2.01995
2005

1.5a

1.0
0.5
0.0
0.0

•

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0
2.5
3.0
N2O emissions (kg person-1)

3.5

Indian N2O emissions are 0.26 kg capita, which increased annually by 1.5% over
1995–2005
Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India

My Wish List
• Provide focused training in IPCC 2006 software• Common inventory softwares for IPCC 2006 and UNFCCC
tools• If not possible, then at least allow seamless data portability• More clarity on database creation and management,
especially fora– time series creation,– linking tier 3 data (e.g. large point sources) with national totals,– linking tier 3 modeling (e.g. transport sector)• To fit into proposed National Systems for parties willing toadopt IPCC-2006 software, e.g. Indian plans of National
Inventory Management System (NIMS)• Linking GHG inventory software and NAMA (Policies andMeasures) modelingIndian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India

Thanksa

Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India