The 19thInternational Symposiumon Nonlinear Acoustics
May 21 – May 24, 2012
International Conference Center ofWaseda University, Tokyo, Japan

Program and Abstracts

Hosted by
Nonlinear Acoustics Society of Japanand Sponsored byAcoustical Society of Japan (ASJ)
Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP)The University of Electro-Communications (UEC)

http://www.isna19.com

The 19
International Symposiumon Nonlinear Acousticsth

May 21 – May 24, 2012

International Conference Center ofWaseda University, Tokyo, Japan

Co-chaired by
Tomoo KAMAKURA
Member of International Organizing Committee of ISNA
andNobumasa SUGIMOTO
President of Nonlinear Acoustics Society of Japan

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About ISNA
Although the origin of nonlinear acoustics dates back to the pioneering work by great
mathematicians and physicists in 18th and 19th centuries, a new surge emerged in 1960's to researchvarious problems associated with acoustic waves of finite amplitude from a unified point of view as“nonlinear acoustics.” In 1968, the meeting devoted to discuss exclusively nonlinear acoustics washeld at the Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory, New London, Connecticut, USA. This meeting has
since been labeled the first International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics (ISNA).† Since then,the ISNA was held every year or every two years in Denmark, France, the Soviet Union, the United
Kingdom and the United States until 1978. After this year, the ISNA has been held every three years.
The following table lists the year and location where the ISNA was held in the past.

ISNA-1

1968

New London, USA

ISNA-2

1969

Austin, USA

ISNA-31971

Birmingham, Great Britain

ISNA-41972

Buffalo, USA

ISNA-51973

Copenhagen, Denmark

ISNA-6

1975

Moscow, USSR

ISNA-7

1976

Blacksburg, USA

ISNA-8

1978

Paris, France

ISNA-91981

Leeds, Great Britain

ISNA-10

1984

Kobe, Japan

ISNA-11

1987

Novosibirsk, USSR

ISNA-12

1990

Austin, USA

ISNA-13

1993

Bergen, Norway

ISNA-14

1996

Nanjing, China

ISNA-15

1999

Goettingen, Germany

ISNA-16

2002

Moscow, Russia

ISNA-17

2005

State College, USA

ISNA-182008

Stockholm, Sweden† Nonlinear Acoustics (eds. Mark F. Hamilton & David T. Blackstock), Academic Press (1998).

CONTENTS
Welcome to the 19th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics

1

Organization and Sponsors 

2

Scope of the Symposium

4

Invited Lectures and Organized Sessions5

General Information / Contact Information

7

Floor Map 

10Program at a Glance 

11

Scientific Program

14

Program 

19

Abstracts 41Author Index 

112

Session Chair Index 115

Welcome to the 19th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics
It is our great pleasure to hold the International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics at theInternational Conference Center of Waseda University in Tokyo, Japan. This is the 19th symposium
since 1968, and is hosted by the Nonlinear Acoustics Society of Japan.
Although the symposium was originally scheduled to be held from August 1 to 4 in 2011, it
was postponed due to the aftermath of the terrible disasters by the very powerful earthquake
and tsunamis on March 11, 2011, and the accidents at Fukushima nuclear power plants. In viewof progresses in restoration and in securing safety, the symposium has been decided to be held
after nine months of delay. Because of this delay, resubmission of abstracts was newly called forfrom October to November, 2011, with the abstracts submitted initially before February, 2011 held
effective. While some of the abstracts were canceled, we were pleased to find that many abstracts
were resubmitted in the original form or renewed one, and some abstracts were newly submitted.
The symposium consists of the Invited Lectures by the eminent scientists in plenary sessions, theInvited Papers in six prenominated sessions on hot topics organized by experts, and the contributed
papers in oral and poster presentation. All the abstracts received were peer-reviewed and screened
for presentation from a viewpoint of quality and also of the Scope of the Symposium. Efforts ofreview by the members of the International Scientific Committee and of the Local Organizing
Committees are greatly acknowledged. The number of papers is just suitable for the three-and-halfday symposium so that appropriate time may be allocated to each presentation.
All members of the Nonlinear Acoustics Society of Japan welcome you cordially to thesymposium by providing a forum for eminent scientists and engineers, and students to discussproblems and exchange ideas in academic atmosphere. We are expecting that this symposium willcontribute greatly not only to advancement of nonlinear acoustics itself but also to international
collaboration and cooperation in research, especially among young researchers and students.
As Tokyo is one of the busiest capitals in the world and the conference site is located just in
the heart of the metropolitan area, you will be able to observe and experience both modern andtraditional aspects of Japanese life. You may also discover beautiful scenery and many features ofinterest in the countryside. We hope you may partake in some sightseeing or travel by yourself andenjoy your stay in Japan in addition to participating in the symposium.
We would like to appreciate all the support of sponsors, academic organizations, partner societies,
foundations and companies. We would also like to express our thanks to the Waseda University forproviding us with its facility of the International Conference Center. Without their generous supports,
this symposium would not be held.
Finally we are hoping that this year’s symposium and your stay in Tokyo will be most pleasant andrewarding.
Sincerely
Tomoo Kamakura,
Nobumasa Sugimoto,
Co-Chairpersons of the 19th ISNA
International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, JapanOrganization and Sponsors
Co-Chairpersons:
Tomoo Kamakura (The University of ElectroCommunications, Tokyo)

Nobumasa Sugimoto (Osaka University, Osaka)

Members of International Organizing Committee:
M. F. Hamilton (USA), General Secretary
A. A. Atchley (USA)Ph. Blanc-Benon (France)
L. A. Crum (USA)B. O. Enflo (Sweden)
X. F. Gong (China)
H. Hobæk (Norway)
P. A. Johnson (USA)T. Kamakura (Japan)
V. K. Kedrinskii (Russia)
W. Lauterborn (Germany)
W. G. Mayer (USA)K. A. Naugolnykh (USA/Russia)
L. A. Ostrovsky (USA/Russia)
O. A. Sapozhnikov (Russia)
I. Yu. Solodov (Germany/Russia)

Members of International Scientific Committee:
T. Kamakura (Japan), Co-chairman
N. Sugimoto (Japan), Co-chairman
A. A. Atchley (USA)Ph. Blanc-Benon (France)
F. Coulouvrat (France)
L. A. Crum (USA)M. F. Hamilton (USA)C. M. Hedberg (Sweden)
P. A. Johnson (USA)V. K. Kedrinski (Russia)
V. A. Khokhlova (USA/Russia)
D. Lohse (Netherlands)
R. Mettin (Germany)
O. A. Sapozhnikov (Russia)
I. Yu. Solodov (Germany/Russia)
Y. Watanabe (Japan)
T. Yano (Japan)
K. Yasui (Japan)

Members of Local Organizing Committee:
A. Nakamura (Honorary Member, Osaka)
T. Kamakura (Co-Chairman, The University ofElectro- Communications, Tokyo)
N. Sugimoto (Co-Chairman, Osaka University, Osaka)
I. Akiyama (Doshisha University, Kyoto)
S. Biwa (Kyoto University, Kyoto)
T. Biwa (Tohoku University, Sendai)
P. Choi (Meiji University, Tokyo)
S. Hatanaka (The University of ElectroCommunications, Tokyo)
J. Kondoh (Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu)
D. Koyama (Doshisha University, Kyoto)
T. Kozuka (National Institute of AIST, Nagoya)
E. Kurihara (Oita University, Oita)
Y. Matsumoto (The University of Tokyo, Tokyo)

H. Mitome (National Institute of AIST, Nagoya)
H. Nomura (The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo)
Y. Oikawa (Waseda University, Tokyo)
Y. Ouchi (Waseda University, Tokyo)
S. Saito (Tokai University, Shimizu)
S. Sakamoto (The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone)
T. Tsuchiya (Doshisha University, Kyoto)
Y. Watanabe (Doshisha University, Kyoto)
K. Yamanaka (Tohoku University, Sendai)
Y. Yamazaki (Waseda University, Tokyo)
T. Yano (Osaka University, Osaka)
K. Yasui (National Institute of AIST, Nagoya)May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Host
Nonlinear Acoustics Society of Japan

Sponsors
Academic organizations:
Acoustical Society of Japan (ASJ)
Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP)The University of Electro-Communications (UEC)

Partner Academic Societies:
Japan Society of Sonochemistry
Marine Acoustics Society of JapanThe Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
The Japan Society for Non-Destructive Inspection
The Japan Society of Applied Physics
The Japan Society of Fluid Mechanics
The Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine

Foundations:Inoue Foundation for Science
Kato Foundation for Promotion of Science
The Kajima Foundation
The Murata Science Foundation

Companies:
Do Produce
Fuji Ultrasonic Engineering Co., Ltd.
Japan Probe Co. Ltd.
KANSAI Automation Co., Ltd.
KGK Co., Ltd.
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
Mitsubishi Electric Engineering Co. Ltd
Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
Tokyo Keiki Inc.

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, JapanScope of the Symposium
Categories and topics intended for the symposium
1. General theory of nonlinear acoustics
Analytical methods, numerical methods, ray theory, scattering theory, shocks, solitons, chaos,bifurcation, locallization, phase conjugation, etc.
2. Nonlinear acoustics in fluids
Sound beams, parametric arrays, resonators, acoustic streaming, radiation pressure, acoustic
levitation, etc.
3. Nonlinear acoustics in multiphase and porous media, and cavitation phenomena
Bubbly liquid, cavitation, sonoluminescence, sonochemistry, etc.
4. Nonlinear acoustics in solids and structures
Elastic waves, viscoelastic waves, surface waves, nonlinear acousto-electronics, non-destructive
evaluation and testing, etc.
5. Nonlinear acoustics of reacting, relaxing media, and physical kinetics
Nonlinear acoustics in superfluid helium, waves in rarefied gases, micro-acoustics, nano-acoustics,
quantum effects, sonic crystals, metamaterials, etc.
6. Nonlinear acoustics in medicine and biology
Shock wave therapy, diagnostic ultrasound, ultrasound propagation in bone and biological tissue,
nonlinear acoustics in speech, etc.
7. Thermoacoustics
Energy conversion and their devices, aero-thermoacoustics, combustion noise and oscillations, etc.
8. Nonlinear acoustics of atmosphere, ocean, and earth, and nonlinear underwater
acoustics
Shock wave, sonic boom, aircraft noise, intense noise generated by ground transportation,
infrasound, acoustic-gravity waves, explosions, earthquakes, etc.
9. Nonlinear aero- and hydroacoustics
Vortex sound, jets, turbulence, flow-induced sound, etc.
10. Nonlinear acoustics and optics
Laser generation of acoustic waves, optoacoustical spectroscopy, magneto-acoustics, etc.
11. General experimental methods
Measurements, instrumentations, etc.
12. Devices and industrial applications of nonlinear acoustics
Musical acoustics is included here.
13. Other topics in nonlinear acoustics

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Invited Lectures
A wide variety of nonlinear acoustic effects associated with a small kidney stone
Oleg Sapozhnikov, Moscow State University (Russia) & University of Washington (USA)
Sources and propagation of atmospherical acoustic shock waves
François Coulouvrat, University of Pierre and Marie Curie (France)
Nonlinear aspects of modern ultrasound applications in medicine
Vera A. Khokhlova, Moscow State University (Russia) & University of Washington (USA)
Understanding of thermoacoustic phenomena and their applications
Tetsushi Biwa, Tohoku University (Japan)
Nonlinear acoustic/seismic waves in earthquake processes
Paul A. Johnson, Los Alamos National Laboratory (USA)
Conditions inside a collapsing bubble
Kenneth S. Suslick, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (USA)

Organized Sessions and Organizers
Cavitation and bubble dynamics
Organizers: Kyuichi Yasui (Japan) & Shinichi Hatanaka (Japan)
Inivited Paper:News from bubble dynamics: high static pressures, shock waves and interior dynamics
Werner Lauterborn, Thomas Kurz, Philipp Koch, Mohsen Alizadeh, Hendrik Söhnholz, Daniel
Schanz, Universität Göttingen (Germany)
Sonochemistry and sonoluminescence
Organizers: Kyuichi Yasui (Japan) & Shinichi Hatanaka (Japan)
Invited Papers:
Observing multi-bubble sonoluminescence in phosphoric acid
Kai Yang1, Maimaititusong Maimaitiming1,2, Cui Ying Zhang1,3, Qi Rong Zhu1, Yu An1
1
Tsinghua University, 2Hetian Institute of Education, 3Hulunbeir University (China)
Generation and aggregation of BaTiO3 nanoparticle under ultrasoundKyuichi Yasui, Toru Tuziuti, Kazumi Kato, National Institute of AIST (Japan)

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, JapanAcoustic/elastic nonlinearity in media with complex structures
Organizers: Paul A. Johnson (USA) & Lev A. Ostrovsky (USA)
Invited Papers:
Nonlinear spectroscopy of closed delaminations and surface breaking cracks: finite element
simulations of clapping and nonlinear air-coupled emission
Steven Delrue, Koen Van Den Abeele, K.U.Leuven Campus Kortrijk (Belgium)
Nonlinear dynamical processes in media with relaxation
Lev A. Ostrovsky1,2, Andrey V. Lebedev2, 1Zel Technologies & University of Colorado (USA), 2Instituteof Applied Physics (Russia)
Medical application of acoustic radiation force
Organizesr: Iwaki Akiyama (Japan) & Tsuyoshi Shiina (Japan)
Invited Paper:
Principles of shear wave elastography: challenges and opportunities
Jacques Souquest, Jeremy Bercoff, Claude Cohen-Bacrie, SuperSonic Imagine (France)
Nonlinear acoustics in the atmosphere
Organizers: Philippe Blanc-Benon (France) & Yoshikazu Makino (Japan)
Invited Paper:
A sonic boom propagation model including mean flow atmospheric effects
Joe Salamone , Vcitor Sparrow, Pennsylvania State University (USA)Parametric acoustic array
Organizers: Gan Woon Seng (Singapore) & Tomoo Kamakura (Japan)
Invited Paper:
Actively created quiet zones by parametric loudspeaker as control sources in the sound field
Chao Ye, Ming Wu, Jun Yang, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

General Information
Dates and venue of the symposium:
The 19th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics (19th ISNA) is held from May 21 (Mon)to May 24 (Thu), 2012 at the International Conference Center of Waseda University (address: NishiWaseda 1-20-14, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan).

Website of the symposium:
The official website of the symposium is http://www.isna19.com.

Registration:
All participants in the symposium except accompanying person(s) should make registration on
our web or on site. Registration fee is JPY60,000 and fee for student is JPY30,000. On-site registration
begins from 16:00 (to 19:00) on May 20 (Sun) at the entrance on the first (ground) floor of theInternational Conference Center.

Accommodation:
A block of rooms is reserved at Rihga Royal Hotel Tokyo, Hotel Sunroute at Takadanobaba, Sunshine
City Prince Hotel and Hotel Bellclassic Tokyo. For details, visit our website or contact our travel agent
KNT (see p.9).

Transportation and access to the venue:
The International Conference Center of Waseda University is located in the western campus ofWaseda University. You may walk from JR Takadamobaba station on Yamanote line or Waseda station
on Tokyo Metro Tozai line. It will take 15 minutes or 10 minutes, respectively. For details, please visit our
website. You may follow the path on Google Map.
Bus service is available from JR Takadanobaba station. Please take Tokyo city bus #2 bound for Sodaiseimon (Waseda University Main Gate) and get off at Nish(west)-Waseda bus stop (second stop). Fare is
JPY170. Taxi is available from JR Takadanobaba station or JR Shinjuku station. It costs JPY710 per 2 km.

Presentation of paper:
The symposium consists of four types of presentation, one type being the Invited Lecture in theplenary session, another the Invited Paper in the Organized Sessions (OS), and the contributed papers
in oral and poster presentation. The Invited Lectures are given in Ibuka Hall (main hall) on the first(ground) floor. The Invited Papers and contributed papers in oral presentation are given in either oneof three lecture rooms designated as A, B or C on the third (second) floor. The contributed papers inposter presentation are displayed in Foyer on the third (second) floor.

Language and length of presentation:
Official language is English. The invited lectures are given 60 minutes, 50 minutes for presentationand 10 minutes for discussion. During the invited lectures, the other sessions are adjourned. The
Invited Papers are given 40 minutes, 35 minutes for presentation and 5 minutes for discussion andchangeover. Contributed papers in oral presentation are given 20 minutes, 15 minutes for presentationand 5 minutes for discussion and changeover.

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, JapanAudio/Visual equipment:
Presenters should bring their own IBM PC-compatible computers. LCD projectors are available
in Ibuka Hall and all lecture rooms. No overhead projectors are available. Before each session starts,
all presenters in the session are advised to connect their own computers to a switcher connecting
to LCD. Mac users should prepare their own connectors and cables. In case audio facility is needed,
please contact us by no later than May 18 via isna19@isna19.com. Electric power is supplied of 100 V
in 50 Hz, and a plug is of flat type (two plates usually without ground).

Instruction of poster presentation:
Poster session is scheduled on May 22 from 16:40 to 17:40 in Foyer on the third floor. No othersessions are held during the poster session. Each presenter should prepare a poster and post it on
board with a proper paper number well in advance before the session starts. The poster should be
displayed throughout this session. The maximum size of the poster is 120 cm in height and 80 cm inwidth. The poster is attached on the board by pushpins.

Instruction of preparation of paper:
All authors are invited to submit their papers to the conference proceedings to be published in one
volume of the Conference Proceedings Series by the American Institute of Physics (AIP). They are asked
to prepare the PDF files of their papers according to the 6x9 inch single column format. The templates
and guidelines for Microsoft Word or for LaTeX are available from the following website: http://
proceedings.aip.org/outline/6x9. Please follow the link to find the instructions, MS Word templates and
LaTeX classes in several different formats.
Papers should be prepared within the following page limits in accordance with the types ofpresentations:- Invited lecture: 8 to 10 pages- Invited paper: 6 to 8 pages- Contributed paper (both oral and poster presentations): 4 pages.
Color graphics may be reproduced in electronic version of the Proceedings on DVD. However,
all original graphics will be converted to black and white in printed version of the Proceedings. The
maximum size of the PDF file is 10 MB.

Submission of paper for the Proceedings:
Before submission, please print out the PDF file for your final check, looking for any blank/blackor garbles which would result from missing fonts, and make sure that all fonts are appropriately
embedded in the PDF file.
The file name should be the family name of the presenting author followed by the abstract ID
number in parentheses, for example, kamakura (1000).pdf. Please submit the paper by uploading it to
the ISNA19 website until May 24, 2012.
On submission of paper, you should also submit Transfer of Copyright Agreement which is alsoavailable from the AIP website. If any figures or tables are taken in their entirety from other sources,
you are requested to submit Executed Permission to Reprint Published Material from the publisher
and/or author. These materials are also to be uploaded in a single PDF file. If you have a difficulty increating the PDF file, you may send them via isna19@isna19.com.
The deadline of submission of the paper, Transfer of Copyright Agreement, and if necessary,
Executed Permission is May 24, 2012.

Internet connection:
Wireless internet connection is available in Foyer on the third floor.
For connection, please use the following ID, key and protocol:
network name: isna2012
security key: isna2012japan,
security protocol: WPA2.

Messages:
Please check regularly the message board in front of Symposium Office on the third floor.
May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Reception and banquet:
Reception is held in the evening on May 21 from 18:30 at Chinzanso, Four Seasons Hotel near Rihga
Royal Hotel Tokyo (a 10-minute walk from the Conference Center). Participants registered and theiraccompanying persons are cordially invited. Dinners are served in buffet style. Banquet is held in theevening on May 23 from 18:30 at Royal Hall on the thrid floor of Rihga Royal Hotel Tokyo. A ticket isavailable at JPY10,000 per person. Both reception and banquet are informal.

Optional tours:
During the symposium, no social activity other than reception and banquet are planned. But you may
partake in optional tours. Please contact our travel agent KNT or consult at KNT travel desk.

Security and safety:
Tokyo is safe even in late night. But please be careful in crowded, public places. When earthquake
hits, do not be panic. Modern buildings are earthquake-proof. Please secure your evacuation route inemergency when you check in your hotel.
Radioactivity level is normal and well below the safe limit except for restricted area of radius 20
km centered about Fukushima #1 nuclear power plants, 220km northeast of Tokyo. Please feel easy
about all foods because production in contaminated area is prohibited and very strict inspection is
performed.

Medical facility:
Medical service is available at the hospital of the National Center of Global Health andMedicine (http://www.ncgm.go.jp/, Office hour: 8:30-11:00 on Monday to Friday, Phone number:(03) 3202-7181, Address: Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655). This center is located close to theInternational Conference Center of Waseda University (a 15-minute walk). In case you need a medical
service, please consult our staff member.

Smoking:
Smoking is prohibited in the inside of the building of International Conference Center.

Annular solar eclipse on May 21, 2012:
We will see fully annular, solar eclipse in the morning at 07h 34m 30s for about three hours from06h 19m. Don't look at the sun without protecting your eyes. Sunglasses are not enough.

Contact Information
Symposium office:The Symposium office is located on the third floor of the International Conference Center(Phone: 080-2275-7959).

Symposium secretariat:
Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering
The University of Electro-Communications
1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8285, Japan
E-mail: isna19@isna19.com, Phone: +81-42-443-5161

Official travel agent:
Kinki Nippon Tourist Co., Ltd. (KNT)
Global Business Management Branch, 12F Kanda-Izumi-cho Bldg.
Kanda Izumi-cho 1-12, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0024, Japan
E-mail: isna19-gbm@or.knt.co.jp, Phone: +81-3-6891-9600, Fax: +81-3-6891-9599

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, JapanFloor Map

Floor Map

International ConferenceCenter, WasedaConference
University
International
Center, Waseda University

1st Floor (Ground Floor)
1st Floor (Ground Floor)

Ibuka Hall

Elevator

Toilet (W)

En
tra

nc
e

Toilet (M)Registration
Desk

Toilet (M)Toilet (W)

3rd Floor (2nd Floor)

LectureRoom A

Foyer
Elevator

3rd Floor (2nd Floor)

LectureRoom B

LectureRoom C

Symposium
Oﬃce

10

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Program at a GlanceOverview
May 21 (Mon):
8:50 - 9:30 : Opening ceremony
9:30 - 10:30 :	Ibuka Hall: O pening Lecture “A wide variety of nonlinear acoustic effects
associated with a small kidney stone” by Oleg Sapozhnikov
11:00 - 12:00 : Lecture Room A : Nonlinear acoustics in atmosphere 1 (OS)Lecture Room B : Nonlinear acoustics and optics/ Device and industrial applications
Lecture Room C : Nonlinear acoustics in solids and structures 1
13:40 - 15:00 : Lecture Room A : Nonlinear acoustics in atmosphere 2 (OS)Lecture Room B : Medical application of microbubbles
Lecture Room C : Nonlinear acoustics in solids and structures 2
15:30 - 16:30 : Ibuka Hall : I nvited Lecture “Sources and propagation of atmosphericalacoustic shock waves” by François Coulouvrat
16:40 - 17:40 : Lecture Room A : General theory of nonlinear acoustics 1
Lecture Room B : Nonlinear acoustics in fluids 1
Lecture Room C : General theory of nonlinear acoustics 2 / General experimental
methodMay 22 (Tue):
8:50 - 10:30 : Lecture Room A : Nonlinear acoustics in atmosphere 3 (OS)Invited Paper : “A sonic boom propagation model including mean flow atmosphericeffects” by Joe Salamone

Lecture Room B : Nonlinear acoustics in clinical medicine
Lecture Room C : General theory of nonlinear acoustics 3
11:00 - 12:00 : Ibuka Hall : I nvited Lecture “Nonlinear aspects of modern ultrasoundapplications in medicine” by Vera A. Khokhlova
13:40 - 15:00 : Lecture Room A : Nonlinear acoustics in multiphase
Lecture Room B : Medical application of acoustic radiation force 1 (OS)Invited Paper : “Principles of shear wave elastography: challenges and opportunities”
by Jacques Souquest

Lecture Room C : Nonlinear acoustics in fluids 2
15:30 - 16:30 : Lecture Room A : Cavitation and bubble dynamics 1 (OS)Lecture Room B : Medical application of acoustic radiation force 2 (OS)Lecture Room C : General theory of nonlinear acoustics 4
16:40 - 17:40 : Poster session

12

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

May 23 (Wed):
8:50 - 10:30 : Lecture Room A : Cavitation and bubble dynamics 2 (OS)Lecture Room B : Acoustic/elastic nonlinearity in media with complex structures 1 (OS)Invited Paper : “Nonlinear spectroscopy of closed delaminations and surface breaking
cracks: finite element simulations of clapping and nonlinear air-coupledemission” by Koen Van Den Abeele

Lecture Room C : Thermoacoustics 1
11:00 - 12:00 :	Ibuka Hall: I nvited Lecture “Understanding of thermoacoustic phenomena
and their applications” by Tetsushi Biwa
13:40 - 15:00 : Lecture Room A : Cavitation and bubble dynamics 3 (OS)Invited Paper : “News from bubble dynamics: high static pressures, shock waves andinterior dynamics” by Werner Lauterborn

Lecture Room B : Acoustic/elastic nonlinearity in media with complex structures 2 (OS)Invited Paper : “Nonlinear dynamical processes in media with relaxation”
by Lev A. Ostrovsky

Lecture Room C : Thermoacoustics 2
15:30 - 16:30 :	Ibuka Hall: Invited Lecture “Nonlinear acoustic/seismic waves in earthquake
processes ”by Paul A. Johnson
16:40 - 17:40 : Lecture Room A : Sonochemistry and sonoluminescence 1 (OS)Invited Paper : “Observing multi-bubble sonoluminescence in phosphoric acid”
by Yu An

Lecture Room B : Acoustic/elastic nonlinearity in media with complex structures 3 (OS)Lecture Room C : Thermocoustics 3/ Nonlinear aeroacoustics

May 24 (Thu):
8:30 - 10:30 : Lecture Room A : Nonlinear acoustics in medicine and biology/ Sonochemistry
and sonoluminescence 2 (OS)Invited Paper : “Generation and aggregation of BaTiO3 nanoparticle under ultrasound”
by Kyuichi Yasui,

Lecture Room B : Acoustic/elastic nonlinearity in media with complex structures 4 (OS)Lecture Room C : Parametric acoustic array (OS)Invited Paper : “Actively created quiet zones by parametric loudspeaker as control
sources in the sound field” by Jun Yang

11:00 - 12:00 : Ibuka Hall : Closing Lecture “Conditions inside a collapsing bubble” byKenneth S. Suslick
12:00 -

Closing ceremony

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

13

May 21 (Monday)
8:50

Welcome & Opening Ceremony (Ibuka Hall)

9:30
1a L1. Opening Lecture
10:30

Chair : T. Kamakura
A wide variety of nonlinear acoustic effects associated with a small kidney stone
Oleg Sapozhnikov
Coffee break

Lecture Room A

Lecture Room B
Lecture Room C
Nonlinear
acoustics
andoptics/Nonlinear acoustics in atmosphere 1
Nonlinear acoustics in solids and structures 1
Device and industrial applications
Chair : Ph. Blanc-Benon
Chair : K. Nakamura
Chair : S. Biwa
11:00 1a A01. Computational fluid dynamics
1a B01. Acoustic effects at interaction of
1a C01. Anharmonic properties of CaO
simulations of infrasound generated process laser radiation with a liquid accompanied byby meteorites
optical breakdown
Krishna Murti Raju
François Coulouvrat
A. V. Bulanov
11:20 1a A02. Interference patterns in non1a B02. Three-dimensional focus scanning 1a C02. Nonlinear approach for evaluation
homogeneous flow over the obstacles
by an acoustic variable-focus optical liquid properties of materials at elevatedlens
temperature
Janna Lvovna Maltseva
Daisuke Koyama
Iosif E Shkolnik
11:40 1a A03. Acoustic waves in the atmosphere 1a B03. Observation of acoustic streaming 1a C03. Non-linear elasto-plastic shockand ground generated by volcanic activities in water/sensor plate/thin water layer/
wave simulation in high-velocity compaction
128YX-LiNbO3 for realizing disposableby discrete element method
digital microfluidic system
Mie Ichihara
Jun Kondoh
Leif Kari
12:00

Lunch
Lecture Room A

Lecture Room B

Nonlinear acoustics in atmosphere 2

Medical application of microbubbles

Lecture Room C
Nonlinear acoustics in solids and structures
2
Chair : C. M. Hedberg
1p C04. Subharmonic wave analysis in crack
using the developed FEM

Chair : Y. Makino
Chair : V. A. Khokhlova
13:40 1p A04. Nonlinear propagation of acoustic
pulses through the atmosphere with theanisotropic wind velocity and temperature
nonhomogeneities
Igor Chunchuzov
Tsuyoshi Mihara
14:00 1p A05. Numerical simulation of shock wave 1p B05. Effects of the liposomal formulation 1p C05. Two dimensional model for
propagation in flows
on the behavior and physical characteristics subharmonic generation at closed cracksof acoustic liposomeswith damped double nodes
Régis Marchiano
Nicolas Sax
Kazushi Yamanaka
14:20 1p A06. Global variation of sonic boom
1p B06. Analysis of a bubble deformation
1p C06. Formation and evaluation of closed
overpressure due to seasonal changes inprocess in a microcapsule by shock waves
stress corrosion cracks in Ni-based alloy
atmosphere
for developing DDS
weld metal for nuclear power plants
Hiroshi Yamashita
Masaaki Tamagawa
Yoshikazu Ohara
14:40
1p B07. Enhancement of cavitation
1p C07. Analysis of harmonic generation
inception by second-harmonicin Lamb waves by finite-difference timesuperimposition
domain method
Shin Yoshizawa
Naoki Matsuda
15:00

Coffee break

15:30

Chair : Ph. Blanc-Benon
1p L2. Invited Lecture Sources and propagation of atmospherical acoustic shock waves
16:30
François Coulouvrat
Lecture Room A
Lecture Room B
Lecture Room C
Generaltheoryof nonlinear acoustics 2/
General theory of nonlinear acoustics 1
Nonlinear acoustics in fluids 1
General experimental method
Chair : T. Yano
Chair : J. Kondoh
Chair : Y. Watanabe
16:40 1p A08. Derivation of exact solutions of the 1p B08. Nonlinear and dispersive effects in 1p C08. Nonlinearity parameter B/A andinhomogeneous Burgers equation using the the propagation of a finite-amplitude sound scattering of sound by soundDarboux transformations
wave in a waveguide
Oleg Sapozhnikov
Pablo Luis Rendon
Kiran Shanker
17:00 1p A09. On the evolution of a spherical
1p B09. Peculiarities of shocks forming
1p C09. Validation of planar wave incidence
short pulse in nonlinear acoustics
in high intensity acoustic beams in thetechnique for measurement of transmissionpresence of soft boundary at interaction
loss
area
Bengt O. Enflo
Dmitry A Kasyanov
Koichi Mori
17:20 1p A10. Whether there can be something
1p C10. Acoustic micromanipulation in a
1p B10. Nonlinear shear visco-elastic
general between methods of classical linear properties of liquids
microchannel
wave equation solving and a finding ofanalytical solutions of nonlinear acousticalequations?
17:40 Yury Nikolaevich Makov
Bair DamdinovTeruyuki Kozuka
18:30
Reception (Chinzanso)

14

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

May 22 (Tuesday)
Lecture Room A
Lecture Room B
Nonlinear acoustics in atmosphere 3
Nonlinear acoustics in clinical medicine
Chair : Y. Makino & Ph. Blanc-Benon
Chair : H. Hasegawa
8:50 2a A01. Invited Paper
A sonic boom propagation model including
mean flow atmospheric effects
9:10
2a B02. Nonlinear modeling of 3D
ultrasound fields of HIFU arrays

Lecture Room C
General theory of nonlinear acoustics 3
Chair : K. Yoshimura

2a C02. Localization and interaction of small
inclusions with phase transformations inacoustic field
Joe Salamone
Vera A Khokhlova
Vladimir A. Bulanov
9:30 2a A03. Numerical simulations for
2a B03. Effective bandwidth extension by
2a C03. Ultrafast solitons measurement
sonic boom propagation through an
combined harmonics
in crystalline semiconductor wafers byinhomogenous atmosphere with winds
femtosecond laser ultrasonics
Masafumi Yamamoto
Gregory Thomas Clement
Nicolas Chuecos
9:50 2a A04. Infrasound propagation in realistic 2a B04. Linearization strategies for the
2a C04. Low-frequency intrinsic localized
atmosphere using nonlinear ray theory
iterative nonlinear contrast source method modes in a spatially periodic and articulated
for full-wave simulation of nonlinear
structure of rigid members with elastic
ultrasound fields
supports
Olaf GainvilleMartin D Verweij
Yosuke Watanabe
10:10 2a A05. Numerical and asymptotic solutions 2a B05. Coded excitation in detection of
2a C05. A study on bifurcations and structureof generalised Burgers equation
polymer-shelled ultrasound contrast agents: of phase space concerning intrinsic localized
in vitro study
modes in a nonlinear magneto-mechanicallatticeJohn Michael Schofield
Veera Venkata Satya Narayana Kothapalli
Masayuki Kimura
10:30
Coffee break
11:00
Chair : M. F. Hamilton
2a L3. Invited Lecture: Nonlinear aspects of modern ultrasound applications in medicine
12:00
Vera A. Khokhlova
12:00
Lunch
Lecture Room A
Lecture Room B
Lecture Room C
Medicalapplicationofacoustic
radiation
Nonlinear acoustics in multiphase
Nonlinear acoustics in fluids 2
force 1Chair : H. Takahira
Chair : I. Akiyama
Chair : Bengt O. Enflo
13:40 2p A06. Sound propagation in saturated
2p B06. Invited Paper
2p C06. Molecular dynamics study of soundgas-vapor-droplet mixtures withpropagation in a gas
Principles of shear wave elastography:
evaporation and nonlinear particle
challenges and opportunities
relaxation
Max Kandula
Takeru Yano
14:00 2p A07. Instability and breakup of a gas2p C07. Resonant gas oscillation withcored viscous annular jet
evaporation and condensation
Takao Yoshinaga
Jacques Souquet
Masashi Inaba
14:20 2p A08. Focused ultrasound induced free- 2p B08. Endoscopic optical coherence
2p C08. Numerical simulation of non linear
surface breakup and damage in acrylic
elastography using acoustic radiation force acoustic streaming in a standing wave
platesand a vibrating fiber scannerresonator
Yukio Tomita
Kentaro Nakamura
Diana Baltean-Carlès
14:40 2p A09. Bubble dynamics and2p B09. Ultrasonic actuation of biological
2p C09. Experimental study of acoustic
decompression wave structure in atissues using dual acoustic radiation force
streaming in a high level standing wave
magmatic melt: diffusion effects
for assessment of elastic properties
guide: influence of mean temperature andhigher harmonics distribution
Valeriy Kirillovich Kedrinskiy
Hideyuki Hasegawa
Ida Reyt
15:00
Coffee break
Lecture Room A
Lecture Room B
Lecture Room C
Medical application of acoustic radiation
Cavitation and bubble dynamics 1
Generaltheoryof nonlinear acoustics 4
force 2Chair : E. Kurihara
Chair : G. T. Clement
Chair : Leif Kari
15:30 2p A10. Theoretical study on the shape
2p B10. Acoustic radiation force on a gas
2p C10. Existence and stability of localized
instability of an encapsulated bubble in an bubble in tissuemodes in one-dimensional nonlinear lattices
ultrasound field
Shu TakagiMark F. Hamilton
Kazuyuki Yoshimura
15:50 2p A11. Pattern formation on the wall of
2p B11. Experimental study on temperature 2p C11. Modulational instablity and chaotic
acoustically driven gas bubble
rise of acoustic radiation force elastography breathers in two dimensional Fermi-PastaUlam lattices
Alexey Maksimov
16:20 2p A12. Direct numerical simulationsof nonspherical bubble collapse with
nonequilibrium phase transition by the
improved ghost fluid method
Hiroyuki Takahira
16:40
17:40

Marie Tabaru
Yusuke Doi
2p B12. Temperature elevation of biological 2p C12. Controlled translation of an intrinsic
tissue model exposed by focused ultrasound localized modewith acoustic radiation force
Naotaka Nitta

Masayuki Sato

Poster Session (Foyer on 3rd Floor)

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

15

May 23 (Wednesday)
Lecture Room A
Cavitation and bubble dynamics 2
Chair : Yu An
8:50 3a A01. Stability thresholds for multibubble systems
David Sinden
9:10 3a A02. Derivation of nonlinear wave
equations for ultrasound beam in
nonuniform bubbly liquids
Tetsuya Kanagawa
9:30 3a A03. A model for coupled bubble
dynamics between thin elastic tissue layers
Todd A. Hay
9:50 3a A04. Nonlinear interaction among
oscillating non-spherical bubbles
Eru Kurihara
10:10 3a A05. Orbital motions of bubbles in an
acoustic field
Minori Shirota

Lecture Room B
Lecture Room C
Acoustic/elastic nonlinearity in media with
Thermoacoustics 1
complex structures 1
Chair : L. A. Ostrovsky
Chair : K. Ishii
3a B01. Invited Paper
3a C01. Improvement of energy conversion
efficiency of thermoacoustic engine by aNonlinear spectroscopy of closed
delaminations and surface breaking cracks: multistage stack with multiple pore radii
finite element simulations of clapping andnonlinear air-coupled emission
Kohei Yanagimoto
3a C02. Thermoaccoustics design using
stems of goose down stack
Koen Van Den Abeele
Irna - Farikhah
3a B03. Nonlinear resonant ultrasound
3a C03. Amplitude dependence ofspectroscopy (NRUS) applied to fatigue
thermoacoustic properties of stacked wiredamage evaluation in a pure copper
meshesYutaka Ishii
Atsushi Obayashi
3a B04. A quantitative imaging of bonding 3a C04. Investigation of the acoustic field instrength at the bonded solid-solid interface a standing wave thermoacoustic refrigerator
obtained by nonlinear test
using time-resolved particle image velocimetry
Jianjun Chen
Philippe Blanc-Benon
3a B05. Evaluation of the concrete structure
3a C05. High-amplitude acoustic oscillations
integrity via nonlinear ultrasonic measurements externally induced in a thermoacoustic engine
Marta Korenska
Yuki Ueda

10:30

Coffee break

11:00
12:00

3a L4. Invited Lecture

Chair : A. A. Atchley
Understanding of thermoacoustic phenomena and their applications
Tetsushi Biwa

12:00

Lunch
Lecture Room A
Cavitation and bubble dynamics 3

Chair : V. K. Kedrinskiy
13:40 3p A06. Studying acoustic and shock
wave effects accompanying the opticalbreakdown of water and some alcohols by
1,064 nm nanosecond radiations
Grigory Toker
14:00 3p A07. Peak gas density during shock
driven cavity collapse
Nicholas Hawker
14:20 3p A08. Invited Paper
News from bubble dynamics: high staticpressures, shock waves and interior
dynamics
14:40 Werner Lauterborn

Lecture Room B
Lecture Room C
Acoustic/elastic nonlinearity in media with
Thermoacoustics 2
complex structures 2
Chair : K. Van Den Abeele
Chair : Ph. Blanc-Benon
3p B06. Invited Paper
3p C06. Account of heat convection byRayleigh streaming in the description of
Nonlinear dynamical processes in media
wave amplitude growth and stabilization in awith relaxation
standing wave thermoacoustic prime-mover
Guillaume Penelet
3p C07. Numerical analysis ofthermoacoustic spontaneous oscillations
in a 2D rectangular and an axisymmetricclosed tube
Lev A. Ostrovsky
Masahiro Ishigaki
3p B08. Localization of a nonlinear source in 3p C08. Numerical simulations of
the bulk of a solid
thermoacoustic oscillations in a looped tube
Pierre-Yves Le Bas

15:00

Dai Shimizu

Coffee break

15:30

Chair : N. Sugimoto
Nonlinear acoustic/seismic waves in earthquake processes
16:30
Paul A. Johnson
Lecture Room A
Lecture Room B
Lecture Room C
nonlinearity in media with
Thermoacoustics 3/
Sonochemistry and sonoluminescence 1 Acoustic/elastic
complex structures 3
Nonlinear aeroacoustics
Chair : K. S. Suslick
Chair : O. Sapozhnikov
Chair : M. F. Hamilton
16:40 3p A10. Invited Paper
3p B10. Dilatance and acoustic nonlinearity 3p C10. Asymptotic analysis ofthermoacoustic effects near the critical point
Observing multi-bubble sonoluminescence of dry and saturated marine sandin phosphoric acid
Nora A. Vilchinska
Pierre Carles
17:00
3p B11. Comparative study of two wideband 3p C11. Nonlinearity analysis of model-scalenonlinear methods applied to an experimental jet noisemodel of prostheses osseointegration
Yu An
Jacques Riviere
Anthony A. Atchley
17:20 3p A12. Two components of Na atom
3p B12. Imaging of partial plastic
3p C12. Numerical study of a silencer
emission from collapsing bubbles indeformation in thin steel plate by immersion
surfactant solutions
nonlinear ultrasonic resonance
17:40 Yuichi Hayashi
Koichiro Kawashima
Mikael A Langthjem
3p L5. Invited Lecture

18:30

16

Banquet (Rihga Royal Hotel)

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

May 24 (Thursday)
Lecture Room A
Nonlinear acoustics in medicine
and biology/Sonochemistry andsonoluminescence 2
Chair : P. -K Choi
8:30 4a A01. Tissue lesion created by HIFU incontinuous scanning mode

Lecture Room B

Lecture Room C

Acoustic/elastic nonlinearity in media withcomplex structures 4

Parametric acoustic array

Chair : P. A. Johnson

Chair : W-S. Gan & H. Nomura
4a C01. Invited Paper
Actively created quiet zones by parametricloudspeaker as control sources in the soundfield

Dong Zhang
8:50 4a A02. Real-time sonoporation through
HeLa cells

4a B02. An analysis on the second-ordernonlinear effect of focused acoustic wave
around a scatterer in an ideal fluid
Spiros Kotopoulis
Gang Liu
Jun Yang
9:10 4a A03. Sonoluminescence, sonochemistry 4a B03. Slow variations of mechanical and 4a C03. Estimation of parametric soundand bubble dynamics of single bubble
electrical properties of dielectrics at highfield controlled by source amplitudes andcavitation
intensity ultrasonic irradiation
phases using numerical simulation
Shin-ichi Hatanaka
Claes M. Hedberg
Hideyuki Nomura
9:30 4a A04. Invited Paper
4a C04. Modeling the directivity of
4a B04. Shear waves in a cubic nonlinear
inhomogeneous resonatorparametric loudspeaker
Generation and aggregation of BaTiO3nanoparticles under ultrasound
Timofey Borisovich Krit
Chuang Shi
9:50
4a C05. Inverse system design based on
4a B05. Simulation of multi-cracks insolid using harmonics filtering with a time the Volterra modeling of a parametricreversal process
loudspeaker system
Kyuichi Yasui
Xiaozhou Liu
W-S. Gan
10:10 4a A06. Autoreduction of tetrachloride
4a C06. 3D Simulation of parametricgold(III) ions and spontaneous formation ofultrasound fields
gold nanoparticles in sonicated water
Toshio Sakai
Fabrice Prieur
10:30
Coffee break
11:00
Chair : Y. Matsumoto
4a L6. Closing Lecture Conditions inside a collapsing bubble
12:00
Kenneth S. Suslick
12:00
Closing Ceremony (Ibuka Hall)

Poster Session on May 22(Tuesday)

16:40 - 17:40

2p P01. The nonlinear multifrequency sonars for underwater navigation

Vadim Yur’evich Voloshchenko

2p P02.	A novel method for detecting second harmonic ultrasonic components generated
from fastened bolts

Makoto Fukuda

2p P03. Droplet propulsion on non-piezoelectric substrates induced by Lamb waves

Wei Liang

2p P04.	Finite difference calculation of acoustic streaming including the boundary layer
phenomena in an ultrasonic air pump on graphics processing unit array

Yuji Wada

2p P05. Spectral hole burning in piezoelectric resonators

Fujio Tsuruoka

2p P06.	Measurement of temperature gradient in a stack of a prime mover in a loop-tube-type Shin-ichi Sakamoto
thermoacoustic cooling system
2p P07.	Consideration of nonlinear vibration characteristic of object for irradiating highintensity ultrasonic waves by a point-convergence-type aerial ultrasonic source

Ayumu Osumi

2p P08. On the two-dimensional patterning of inorganic particles in resin using ultrasound

Toru Tuziuti

2p P09.	Dynamics of second harmonics in nonlinear surface acoustic waves and a proposal ofits device application

Koji Aizawa

2p P10. Acoustic harmonic generation in a multilayered structure with nonlinear interfaces

Yosuke Ishii

2p P11. Laser induced stress waves emerged by laser-target interaction

Motoaki Nishiwaki

2p P12. The numerical simulation of evolution of finite-amplitude noise pulses

Igor Yu. DeminInternational Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

17Program

May 21 (Monday)

9:30 - 10:30
Ibuka Hall

Opening Lecture

Chair: T. Kamakura (The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan)
9 : 30 - 10 : 30

1a L1.

A wide variety of nonlinear acoustic effects associated with a small kidney stone
Oleg Sapozhnikov1,2
1

Department of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia,
Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA2

May 21 (Monday)

11:00 - 12:00
Lecture Room A

Nonlinear acoustics in atmosphere 1

Chair: Ph. Blanc-Benon (Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Lyon, France)
11 : 00 - 11 : 20

1a A01. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of infrasound generation process bymeteorites
Martin Henneton1,2, Philippe Delorme1, Olaf Gainville3, François Coulouvrat2
1

ONERA, DSNA, France, 2Université Pierre et Marie Curie - UMR CNRS 7190, France, 3CEA, DAM, DIF, France

11 : 20 - 11 : 40

1a A02. Interference patterns in non-homogeneous flow over the obstacles
Nikolay Ivanovich Makarenko1,2, Janna Lvovna Maltseva1,2
1

Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Russia, 2Novosibirsk State University, Russia

11 : 40 - 12 : 00

1a A03. Acoustic waves in the atmosphere and ground generated by volcanic activities
Mie Ichihara1, John Lyons2, Jun Oikawa1, Minoru Takeo1
1

Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan, 2Instituto Geofisico, Escuela Politecnica Nacional , Ecuador

Lecture Room B

Nonlinear acoustics and optics/Device and industrial applications
Chair: K. Nakamura (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo , Japan)
11 : 00 - 11 : 20

1a B01. Acoustic effects at interaction of laser radiation with a liquid accompanied by
optical breakdown
Alexey V. Bulanov
V.I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

11 : 20 - 11 : 40

1a B02. Three-dimensional focus scanning by an acoustic variable-focus optical liquid
lens
Daisuke Koyama, Ryoichi Isago, Kentaro Nakamura
Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

21

11 : 40 - 12 : 00

1a B03. Observation of acoustic streaming in water/sensor plate/thin water layer/
128YX-LiNbO3 for realizing disposable digital microfluidic system
Jun Kondoh, Hitoshi Toyoizumi
Shizuoka University, Japan

Lecture Room C

Nonlinear acoustics in solids and structures 1
Chair: S. Biwa (Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan)
11 : 00 - 11 : 20

1a C01. Anharmonic properties of CaO
Krishna Murti Raju
BNV PG College, Hamirpur, India

11 : 20 - 11 : 40

1a C02. Nonlinear approach for evaluation properties of materials at elevatedtemperature
Iosif E Shkolnik, Huseyin R Hiziroglu
Kettering University, United States

11 : 40 - 12 : 00

1a C03. Non-linear elasto-plastic shock wave simulation in high-velocity compaction by
discrete element method
Muhammad Shoaib, Leif Kari
The Marcus Wallenberg Laboratory for Sound and Vibration Research, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

May 21 (Monday)

13:40 - 15:00
Lecture Room A

Nonlinear acoustics in atmosphere 2

Chair: Y. Makino (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan)
13 : 40 - 14 : 00

1p A04. Nonlinear propagation of acoustic pulses through the atmosphere with theanisotropic wind velocity and temperature nonhomogeneities
Igor Chunchuzov1, Sergey Kulichkov1, Oleg Popov1, Roger Waxler2, Jelle Assink2
1

Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, 119017 Moscow, Russia,
National Center for Physical Acoustics, University of Mississippi,MS 38677, United States2

14 : 00 - 14 : 20

1p A05. Numerical simulation of shock wave propagation in flows
Mathieu Rénier1, Régis Marchiano1, Eric Gaudard1, Louis-Jonardan Gallin1,3, François Coulouvrat1,2
1

Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France, 2Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France,
CEA, DAM, DIF, F – 91297 Arpajon, France, France

3

22

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

14 : 20 - 14 : 40

1p A06. Global variation of sonic boom overpressure due to seasonal changes inatmosphere
Hiroshi Yamashita1, Shigeru Obayashi2
1Formerly Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University and Currently Department of Aerospace Engineering, Nagoya
University, Japan, 2Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Japan

Lecture Room B

Medical application of microbubbles

Chair: V. A. Khokhlova (Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia & University of Washington, Seattle, USA)
14 : 00 - 14 : 20

1p B05. Effects of the liposomal formulation on the behavior and physical characteristicsof acoustic liposomes
Nicolas Sax1, Sachiko Horie1, Li Li1, Shenwei Li1, Takashi Kochi1,2, Rui Chen1, Yukiko Watanabe1,
Yoko Yagishita1,3, Maya Sakamoto4, Shiro Mori4, Tetsuya Kodama1
1

Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Japan,
Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Japan, 3Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan,
4
Tohoku University Hospital, Japan2

14 : 20 - 14 : 40

1p B06. Analysis of a bubble deformation process in a microcapsule by shock waves fordeveloping DDS
Masaaki Tamagawa, Kenshi Morimoto
Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan

14 : 40 - 15 : 00

1p B07. Enhancement of cavitation inception by second-harmonic superimposition
Shin-ichiro Umemura, Ryo Takagi, Jun Yasuda, Shin Yoshizawa
Tohoku University, Japan

Lecture Room C

Nonlinear acoustics in solids and structures 2

Chair: C. M. Hedberg (Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden)
13 : 40 - 14 : 00

1p C04. Subharmonic wave analysis in crack using the developed FEM
Tsuyoshi Mihara1, Koji Shimaya1, Yasushi Ikegami2, Takashi Furukawa3, Ichiro Komura3
1

University of Toyama, Japan, 2ITOCHU Techno-Solutions Co., Japan, 3JAPEIC, Japan

14 : 00 - 14 : 20

1p C05. Two dimensional model for subharmonic generation at closed cracks withdamped double nodes
Kazushi Yamanaka, Yohei Shintaku, Yoshikazu Ohara
Tohoku University, Japan

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

23

14 : 20 - 14 : 40

1p C06. Formation and evaluation of closed stress corrosion cracks in Ni-based alloy
weld metal for nuclear power plants
Yoshikazu Ohara, Yohei Shintaku, Satoshi Horinouchi, Kazushi Yamanaka
Tohoku University, Japan

14 : 40 - 15 : 00

1p C07. Analysis of harmonic generation in Lamb waves by finite-differencetime-domain method
Naoki Matsuda, Shiro Biwa
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, JapanMay 21 (Monday)

15:30 - 16:30
Ibuka Hall

Invited Lecture

Chair: Ph. Blanc-Benon (Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Lyon, France)
15 : 30 - 16 : 30

1p L2.

Sources and propagation of atmospherical acoustic shock waves
François Coulouvrat
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR CNRS 7190, F-75005 Paris, France

May 21 (Monday)

16:40 - 17:40
Lecture Room A

General theory of nonlinear acoustics 1
Chair: T. Yano (Osaka University, Osaka, Japan)
16 : 40 - 17 : 00

1p A08. Derivation of exact solutions of the inhomogeneous Burgers equation using theDarboux transformations
Oleg Sapozhnikov1, Andrey Kudryavtsev2
1

Department of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Russia,
Institute of Applied Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

2

17 : 00 - 17 : 20

1p A09. On the evolution of a spherical short pulse in nonlinear acoustics
Bengt O. Enflo1, Claes M. Hedberg2
1

Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 2Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden

17 : 20 - 17 : 40

1p A10. Whether there can be something general between methods of classical linear
wave equation solving and a finding of analytical solutions of nonlinear
acoustical equations?
Yury Nikolaevich Makov
Moscow State University, Department of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Russia

24

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Lecture Room B

Nonlinear acoustics in fluids 1

Chair: J. Kondoh (Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan)
16 : 40 - 17 : 00

1p B08. Nonlinear and dispersive effects in the propagation of a finite-amplitude soundwave in a waveguide
Pablo Luis Rendon
CCADET, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico

17 : 00 - 17 : 20

1p B09. Peculiarities of shocks forming in high intensity acoustic beams in the presenceof soft boundary at interaction area
Dmitry A Kasyanov1, Mikhail S Deriabin1, Vasily V Kurin2
1

Radiophysical Research Institute, Russia, 2Nizhny Novgorod State University, Russia

17 : 20 - 17 : 40

1p B10. Nonlinear shear visco-elastic properties of liquids
Bair Damdinov, Dagzama Makarova, Tuyana Dembelova, Badma Badmaev
Buryat scientific center of RAS, Russia

Lecture Room C

General theory of nonlinear acoustics 2/General experimental method
Chair: Y. Watanabe (Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan)
16 : 40 - 17 : 00

1p C08. Nonlinearity parameter B/A and scattering of sound by soundKiran Shanker
Physics Dept-CMP College,University of Allahabad, India

17 : 00 - 17 : 20

1p C09. Validation of planar wave incidence technique for measurement oftransmission-loss
Koichi Mori, Yoshiaki Nakamura
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan

17 : 20 - 17 : 40

1p C10. Acoustic micromanipulation in a microchannel
Teruyuki Kozuka1, Kyuichi Yasui1, Shin-ichi Hatanaka2
1

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan,
The University of Electro-Communications, Japan

2

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

25

May 22 (Tuesday)

8:50 - 10:30
Lecture Room A

Nonlinear acoustics in atmosphere 3

Chair: Y. Makino (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan)
Ph. Blanc-Benon (Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Lyon, France)
8 : 50 - 9 : 30
Invited Paper

2a A01. A sonic boom propagation model including mean flow atmospheric effects
Joe Salamone, Victor Sparrow
Pennsylvania State University, United States

9 : 30 - 9 : 50

2a A03. Numerical simulations for sonic boom propagation through an inhomogenous
atmosphere with winds
Masafumi Yamamoto1, Atsushi Hashimoto2, Takashi Takahashi2, Tomoo Kamakura3, Takeharu Sakai41

Research Center of Computational Mechanics, Inc., Japan, 2Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan,
University of Electro-Communications, Japan, 4Nagoya University, Japan3

9 : 50 - 10 : 10

2a A04. Infrasound propagation in realistic atmosphere using nonlinear ray theory
Philippe Blanc-Benon1, Olaf Gainville2, Julian Scott1
1

CNRS, LMFA UMR 5509, Ecole centrale de lyon, France, 2CEA, DAM, DIF, France

10 : 10 - 10 : 30

2a A05. Numerical and asymptotic solutions of generalised Burgers equation
John Michael Schofield, Paul William Hammerton
University of East Anglia, United Kingdom

Lecture Room B

Nonlinear acoustics in clinical medicine
Chair: H. Hasegawa (Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan)
9 : 10 - 9 : 30

2a B02. Nonlinear modeling of 3D ultrasound fields of HIFU arrays
Petr V Yuldashev1,2, Vera A Khokhlova1,3
1

Moscow State University, Russia, 2Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France, 3University of Washington, United States

9 : 30 - 9 : 50

2a B03. Effective bandwidth extension by combined harmonics
Gregory Thomas Clement1,2, Hideyuki Nomura2, Hideo Adachi2, Tomoo Kamakura2
1

Harvard Medical School, United States, 2University of Electro-Communications, Japan

9 : 50 - 10 : 10

2a B04. Linearization strategies for the iterative nonlinear contrast source method forfull-wave simulation of nonlinear ultrasound fields
Martin D Verweij, Libertario Demi, Koen WA van Dongen
Laboratory of Acoustical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands

26

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

10 : 10 - 10 : 30

2a B05. Coded excitation in detection of polymer-shelled ultrasound contrast agents:
in vitro study
Veera Venkata Satya Narayana Kothapalli1, Dmitry Grishenkov1, Gaio Paradossi2, Lars-Ake Brodin1
1

Medical Engineering, School of Technology and Health, KTH,Alfred Nobels Allé 10, SE-14152 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden,
Diapartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy

2

Lecture Room C

General theory of nonlinear acoustics 3

Chair: K. Yoshimura (NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan)
9 : 10 - 9 : 30

2a C02. Localization and interaction of small inclusions with phase transformations inacoustic field
Vladimir A. Bulanov
V.I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

9 : 30 - 9 : 50

2a C03. Ultrafast solitons measurement in crystalline semiconductor wafers byfemtosecond laser ultrasonics
Nicolas Chuecos, Émmanuel Péronne, Bernard Perrin
Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS UMR 7588 - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France

9 : 50 - 10 : 10

2a C04. Low-frequency intrinsic localized modes in a spatially periodic and articulated
structure of rigid members with elastic supports
Yosuke Watanabe, Sojiro Awata, Nobumasa Sugimoto
Osaka University, Japan

10 : 10 - 10 : 30

2a C05. A study on bifurcations and structure of phase space concerning intrinsic
localized modes in a nonlinear magneto-mechanical lattice
Masayuki Kimura1, Takashi Hikihara2
1

The University of Shiga Prefecture, Japan, 2Kyoto University, JapanMay 22 (Tuesday)

11:00 - 12:00
Ibuka Hall

Invited Lecture

Chair: M. F. Hamilton (The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA)
11 : 00 - 12 : 00

2a L3.

Nonlinear aspects of modern ultrasound applications in medicine
Vera A. Khokhlova1,2
1

Dept. of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia,
Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street,
Seattle, WA 98105
2International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

27

May 22 (Tuesday)

13:40 - 15:00
Lecture Room A

Nonlinear acoustics in multiphase

Chair: H. Takahira (Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan)
13 : 40 - 14 : 00

2p A06. Sound propagation in saturated gas-vapor-droplet mixtures with evaporationand nonlinear particle relaxation
Max Kandula
ESC - Team QNA, United States

14 : 00 - 14 : 20

2p A07. Instability and breakup of a gas-cored viscous annular jet
Takao Yoshinaga
Osaka University, Japan

14 : 20 - 14 : 40

2p A08. Focused ultrasound induced free-surface breakup and damage in acrylic plates
Yukio Tomita, Shigenori Tanaka
Hokkaido University of Education, Hakodate, Japan

14 : 40 - 15 : 00

2p A09. Bubble dynamics and decompression wave structure in a magmatic melt:
diffusion effects
Valeriy Kirillovich Kedrinskiy
Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, SB Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

Lecture Room B

Medical application of acoustic radiation force 1
Chair: I. Akiyama (Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan)
13 : 40 - 14 : 20
Invited Paper

2p B06. Principles of shear wave elastography: challenges and opportunities
Jacques Souquet, Jeremy Bercoff, Claude Cohen-Bacrie
SuperSonic Imagine, France

14 : 20 - 14 : 40

2p B08. Endoscopic optical coherence elastography using acoustic radiation force and avibrating fiber scanner
Ryoichi Isago, Daisuke Koyama, Kentaro Nakamura
Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

14 : 40 - 15 : 00

2p B09. Ultrasonic actuation of biological tissues using dual acoustic radiation force forassessment of elastic properties
Hideyuki Hasegawa, Jun Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Kanai
Tohoku University, Japan28

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Lecture Room C

Nonlinear acoustics in fluids 2

Chair: Bengt O. Enflo (Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden)
13 : 40 - 14 : 00

2p C06. Molecular dynamics study of sound propagation in a gas
Takeru Yano
Osaka University, Japan

14 : 00 - 14 : 20

2p C07. Resonant gas oscillation with evaporation and condensation
Masashi Inaba1, Takeru Yano2, Masao Watanabe1, Kazumichi Kobayashi1, Shigeo Fujikawa1
1

Hokkaido University, Japan, 2Osaka University, Japan

14 : 20 - 14 : 40

2p C08. Numerical simulation of non linear acoustic streaming in a standing wave
resonator
Virginie Daru1,3, Diana Baltean-Carlès1,2, Catherine Weisman1,2
1

LIMSI-CNRS, France, 2Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France, 3Arts et Métiers ParisTech, France

14 : 40 - 15 : 00

2p C09. Experimental study of acoustic streaming in a high level standing wave guide:
influence of mean temperature and higher harmonics distribution
Ida Reyt1, Solenn Moreau1,2, Hélène Bailliet1, Jean-Christophe Valière1
1Institut Pprime, CNRS - Universite de Poitiers - ENSMA, Departement Fluides - Thermique - Combustion, France,
Laboratoire Roberval UMR UTC-CNRS No. 6253 - Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France2

May 22 (Tuesday)

15:30 - 16:30
Lecture Room A

Cavitation and bubble dynamics 1
Chair: E. Kurihara (Oita University, Oita, Japan)
15 : 30 - 15 : 50

2p A10. Theoretical study on the shape instability of an encapsulated bubble in an
ultrasound fieldYunqiao Liu, Kazuyasu Sugiyama, Shu Takagi, Yoichiro Matsumoto
The University of Tokyo, Japan

15 : 50 - 16 : 10

2p A11. Pattern formation on the wall of acoustically driven gas bubble
Alexey Maksimov1, Timothy Leighton2
1

Pacific Oceanological Institute FEBRAS, Russia,
Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, United Kingdom

2

16 : 10 - 16 : 30

2p A12. Direct numerical simulations of nonspherical bubble collapse with
nonequilibrium phase transition by the improved ghost fluid method
Yoshinori Jinbo, Hiroyuki Takahira
Osaka Prefecture University, Japan

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

29Lecture Room B

Medical application of acoustic radiation force 2

Chair: G. T. Clement (Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA & The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan)
15 : 30 - 15 : 50

2p B10. Acoustic radiation force on a gas bubble in tissue
Yurii A. Ilinskii, Evgenia A. Zabolotskaya, Mark F. Hamilton
University of Texas at Austin, United States

15 : 50 - 16 : 10

2p B11. Experimental study on temperature rise of acoustic radiation force elastographyMarie Tabaru, Hideki Yoshikawa, Takashi Azuma, Rei Asami, Kunio Hashiba
CRL., Hitachi Ltd., Japan

16 : 10 - 16 : 30

2p B12. Temperature elevation of biological tissue model exposed by focused ultrasoundwith acoustic radiation force
Naotaka Nitta1, Nobuki Kudo2, Iwaki Akiyama3
1

Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan,
Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Japan,
3
Department of Human and Environmental Science, Shonan Institute of Technology, Japan2

Lecture Room C

General theory of nonlinear acoustics 4

Chair: Leif Kari (Royal Institute of Technolgy, Stockholm, Sweden)
15 : 30 - 15 : 50

2p C10. Existence and stability of localized modes in one-dimensional nonlinear lattices
Kazuyuki Yoshimura
NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Japan

15 : 50 - 16 : 10

2p C11. Modulational instablity and chaotic breathers in two dimensional Fermi-PastaUlam lattices
Yusuke Doi, Akihiro Nakatani
Department of Adaptive Machine Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan

16 : 10 - 16 : 30

2p C12. Controlled translation of an intrinsic localized mode
Masayuki Sato1, Naoki Fujita1, Souichi Nishimura1, Yuichi Takao1, Yurina Sada1, Weihua Shi1, A. J. Sievers2
1

Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Japan,
Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, United States230

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

May 22 (Tuesday)

16:40 - 17:40
Foyer on 3rd Floor

Poster Session
2p P01. The nonlinear multifrequency sonars for underwater navigation
Vadim Yur’evich Voloshchenko
Department of Engineering Drawing and Computer Design, Taganrog Institute of Technology, South Federal University(TIT SFedU), Russia

2p P02. A novel method for detecting second harmonic ultrasonic components
generated from fastened bolts
Makoto Fukuda, Kazuhiko Imano
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita
University, Japan

2p P03. Droplet propulsion on non-piezoelectric substrates induced by Lamb waves
Wei Liang
ISAT, Coburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany

2p P04. Finite difference calculation of acoustic streaming including the boundary layer
phenomena in an ultrasonic air pump on graphics processing unit array
Yuji Wada, Daisuke Koyama, Kentaro Nakamura
Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

2p P05. Spectral hole burning in piezoelectric resonators
Fujio Tsuruoka
Kurume university, Japan

2p P06. Measurement of temperature gradient in a stack of a prime mover in aloop-tube-type thermoacoustic cooling system
Shin-ichi Sakamoto1, Ryoichi Isago1, Yoshitaka Inui1, Yoshiaki Watanabe2
1

University of Shiga Prefecture, Japan, 2Doshisha University, Japan

2p P07. Consideration of nonlinear vibration characteristic of object for irradiating
high-intensity ultrasonic waves by a point-convergence-type aerial ultrasonicsourceAyumu Osumi, Youichi Ito
Nihon University, Japan

2p P08. On the two-dimensional patterning of inorganic particles in resin using
ultrasound
Toru Tuziuti
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan

2p P09. Dynamics of second harmonics in nonlinear surface acoustic waves and a
proposal of its device application
Koji Aizawa, Yoshiaki Tokunaga
Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Japan

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

31

2p P10. Acoustic harmonic generation in a multilayered structure with nonlinear
interfaces
Yosuke Ishii, Shiro Biwa
Kyoto University, Japan

2p P11. Laser induced stress waves emerged by laser-target interaction
Yoshiaki Tokunaga, Motoaki Nishiwaki, Mieko Kogi, Koji Aizawa
Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Japan

2p P12. The numerical simulation of evolution of finite-amplitude noise pulses
Igor Yu. Demin, Sergey N. Gurbatov, Nikolay V. Pronchatov-Rubtsov
Nizhny Novgorod State University, Russia

May 23 (Wednesday)

8:50 - 10:30
Lecture Room A

Cavitation and bubble dynamics 2
Chair: Yu An (Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
8 : 50 - 9 : 10

3a A01. Stability thresholds for multi-bubble systems
David Sinden, Eleanor Stride, Nader Saffari
Dept Mechanical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom

9 : 10 - 9 : 30

3a A02. Derivation of nonlinear wave equations for ultrasound beam in nonuniform
bubbly liquids
Tetsuya Kanagawa1, Takeru Yano2, Junya Kawahara3, Kazumichi Kobayashi3, Masao Watanabe3,
Shigeo Fujikawa3
1

The University of Tokyo, Japan, 2Osaka University, Japan, 3Hokkaido University, Japan

9 : 30 - 9 : 50

3a A03. A model for coupled bubble dynamics between thin elastic tissue layers
Todd A. Hay, Yurii A. Ilinskii, Evgenia A. Zabolotskaya, Mark F. Hamilton
Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713-8029, United States

9 : 50 - 10 : 10

3a A04. Nonlinear interaction among oscillating non-spherical bubbles
Eru Kurihara
Oita University, Japan

10 : 10 - 10 : 30

3a A05. Orbital motions of bubbles in an acoustic field
Minori Shirota, Kou Yamashita, Takao Inamura
Faculty of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Japan32

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Lecture Room B

Acoustic/elastic nonlinearity in media with complex structures 1
Chair: L. A. Ostrovsky (Zel Technologies & University of Colorado, Boulder, USA)8 : 50 - 9 : 30
Invited Paper

3a B01. Nonlinear spectroscopy of closed delaminations and surface breaking cracks:
finite element simulations of clapping and nonlinear air-coupled emission
Steven Delrue, Koen Van Den Abeele
K.U.Leuven Campus Kortrijk, Belgium

9 : 30 - 9 : 50

3a B03. Nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (NRUS) applied to fatigue damage
evaluation in a pure copper
Toshihiro Ohtani, Yutaka Ishii
Shonan Institute of Technology, Japan

9 : 50 - 10 : 10

3a B04. A quantitative imaging of bonding strength at the bonded solid-solid interface
obtained by nonlinear test
Jianjun Chen, De Zhang, Yiwei Mao
The Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, China

10 : 10 - 10 : 30

3a B05. Evaluation of the concrete structure integrity via nonlinear ultrasonicmeasurements
Marta Korenska, Monika Manychova, Michal Matysik
Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Republic

Lecture Room C

Thermoacoustics 1

Chair: K. Ishii (Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan)
8 : 50 - 9 : 10

3a C01. Improvement of energy conversion efficiency of thermoacoustic engine by amultistage stack with multiple pore radii
Kohei Yanagimoto1, Shin-ichi Sakamoto2, Kentaro Kuroda1, Yosuke Nakano3, Yoshiaki Watanabe1
1Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Japan,
Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, University of Shiga Prefecture, Japan,
3
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Japan2

9 : 10 - 9 : 30

3a C02. Thermoaccoustics design using stems of goose down stack
Irna - Farikhah
IKIP PGRI SEMARANG, Indonesia

9 : 30 - 9 : 50

3a C03. Amplitude dependence of thermoacoustic properties of stacked wire meshes
Atsushi Obayashi, Tetsushi Biwa
Tohoku University, Japan

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

33

9 : 50 - 10 : 10

3a C04. Investigation of the acoustic field in a standing wave thermoacoustic
refrigerator using time-resolved particle image velocimetry
Philippe Blanc-Benon1, Gaëlle Poignand2, Emmanuel Jondeau1
1

LMFA UMR CNRS 5509 , France, 2LAUM UMR CNRS 6613, France

10 : 10 - 10 : 30

3a C05. High-amplitude acoustic oscillations externally induced in a thermoacoustic
engineHideki Seki, Masataka Sakamoto, Yuki Ueda
Tokyo University of A&T, JapanMay 23 (Wednesday)

11:00 - 12:00
Ibuka Hall

Invited Lecture

Chair: A. A. Atchley (The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA)
11 : 00 - 12 : 00

3a L4.

Understanding of thermoacoustic phenomena and their applications
Tetsushi Biwa
Tohoku University, JapanMay 23 (Wednesday)

13:40 - 15:00
Lecture Room A

Cavitation and bubble dynamics 3

Chair: V. K. Kedrinskiy (Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Novosibirsk, Russia)
13 : 40 - 14 : 00

3p A06. Studying acoustic and shock wave effects accompanying the optical breakdown
of water and some alcohols by 1,064 nm nanosecond radiations
Grigory Toker
Research Prof., Chemical Dept., Technion, Israel

14 : 00 - 14 : 20

3p A07. Peak gas density during shock driven cavity collapse
Nicholas Hawker, Yiannis Ventikos
Dept of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

14 : 20 - 15 : 00
Invited Paper

3p A08. News from bubble dynamics: high static pressures, shock waves and interior
dynamics
Werner Lauterborn, Thomas Kurz, Philipp Koch, Mohsen Alizadeh, Hendrik Söhnholz, Daniel Schanz
Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Germany34

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Lecture Room B

Acoustic/elastic nonlinearity in media with complex structures 2
Chair: K. Van Den Abeele (K.U. Leuven Campus Kortrijk, Belgium)
13 : 40 - 14 : 20
Invited Paper

3p B06. Nonlinear dynamical processes in media with relaxation
Lev A. Ostrovsky1,2, Andrey V. Lebedev2
1

Zel Technologies and University of Colorado, United States, 2Institute of Applied Physics, Russia

14 : 20 - 14 : 40

3p B08. Localization of a nonlinear source in the bulk of a solid
Pierre-Yves Le Bas1, Timothy J Ulrich1, Paul A Johnson1, Brian E Anderson2
1

Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States, 2Brigham Young University, United States

Lecture Room C

Thermoacoustics 2

Chair: Ph. Blanc-Benon (Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Lyon, France)
13 : 40 - 14 : 00

3p C06. Account of heat convection by Rayleigh streaming in the description ofwave amplitude growth and stabilization in a standing wave thermoacoustic
prime-mover
Guillaume Penelet1, Matthieu Guedra1, Vitalyi Gusev2
1

Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Universite du Maine, France, 2Laboratoire de Physique de l'Etat Condense, France

14 : 00 - 14 : 20

3p C07. Numerical analysis of thermoacoustic spontaneous oscillations in a 2D
rectangular and an axisymmetric closed tube
Masahiro Ishigaki1, Koichiro Shirai2, Shizuko Adachi3, Katsuya Ishii2,4
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan,
Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan,
3
School of Business and Commerce, Tokyo International University, Japan,
4
Information Technology Center, Nagoya University, Japan2

14 : 20 - 14 : 40

3p C08. Numerical simulations of thermoacoustic oscillations in a looped tube
Dai Shimizu, Kohei Nishikawa, Nobumasa Sugimoto
Department of Mechanical Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, University of Osaka, JapanMay 23 (Wednesday)

15:30 - 16:30
Ibuka Hall

Invited Lecture

Chair: N. Sugimoto (Osaka University, Osaka, Japan)
15 : 30 - 16 : 30

3p L5.

Nonlinear acoustic/seismic waves in earthquake processes
Paul A. Johnson
Geophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

35

May 23 (Wednesday)

16:40 - 17:40
Lecture Room A

Sonochemistry and sonoluminescence 1

Chair: K. S. Suslick (The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA)
16 : 40 - 17 : 20
Invited Paper

3p A10. Observing multi-bubble sonoluminescence in phosphoric acid
Kai Yang1, Maimaititusong Maimaitiming1,2, Cui Ying Zhang1,3, Qi Rong Zhu1, Yu An1
1

Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, China, 2Hetian Institute of Education, China,
College of Physics and Electronic Information, Hulunbeir University, China

3

17 : 20 - 17 : 40

3p A12. Two components of Na atom emission from collapsing bubbles in surfactant
solutions
Yuichi Hayashi, Pak-Kon Choi
Meiji University, Japan

Lecture Room B

Acoustic/elastic nonlinearity in media with complex structures 3

Chair: O. Sapozhnikov (Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia) & University of Washington, Seattle, USA)
16 : 40 - 17 : 00

3p B10. Dilatance and acoustic non linearity of dry and saturated marine sandNora A. Vilchinska
LAA-Latvian Acoustics Association, Latvia

17 : 00 - 17 : 20

3p B11. Comparative study of two wideband nonlinear methods applied to an
experimental model of prostheses osseointegration
Jacques Riviere1, Sylvain Haupert1, Pascal Laugier1, Paul Johnson2
1

UPMC Univ Paris 6 & CNRS, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Paramétrique, France,
EES-17, Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States2

17 : 20 - 17 : 40

3p B12. Imaging of partial plastic deformation in thin steel plate by immersion
nonlinear ultrasonic resonance
Koichiro Kawashima1, Ryusuke Imanishi1, Fumio Fujita2, Takumi Aida2
1

Nonlinear Ultrasonic Lab. Ltd., Japan, 2Insight k.k., Japan

Lecture Room C

Thermoacoustics 3/Nonlinear aeroacoustics
Chair: M. F. Hamilton (The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA)
16 : 40 - 17 : 00

3p C10. Asymptotic analysis of thermoacoustic effects near the critical point
Pierre Carles1,2
1

Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), France, 2Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States36

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

17 : 00 - 17 : 20

3p C11. Nonlinearity analysis of model-scale jet noise
Kent L. Gee1, Anthony A. Atchley2, Lauren E. Falco2, Micah R. Shepherd3
1

Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, United States,
Graduate Program in Acoustics, The Pennsylvania State University, United States,
3
Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, United States2

17 : 20 - 17 : 40

3p C12. Numerical study of a silencer
Mikael A Langthjem1, Masami Nakano2
1

Yamagata University, Japan, 2Tohoku University, JapanMay 24 (Thursday)

8:30 - 10:30
Lecture Room A

Nonlinear acoustics in medicine and biology/Sonochemistry andsonoluminescence 2
Chair: P. -K Choi (Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan)
8 : 30 - 8 : 50

4a A01. Tissue lesion created by HIFU in continuous scanning mode
Dong Zhang, TingBo Fan
Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing Univ, China, China

8 : 50 - 9 : 10

4a A02. Real-time sonoporation through HeLa cells
Anthony Delalande1, Spiros Kotopoulis1, Chantal Pichon2, Michiel Postema1
1

University of Bergen, Norway, 2University of Orléans, France

9 : 10 - 9 : 30

4a A03. Sonoluminescence, sonochemistry and bubble dynamics of single bubble
cavitation
Shin-ichi Hatanaka
Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Japan

9 : 30 - 10 : 10
Invited Paper

4a A04. Generation and aggregation of BaTiO3 nanoparticles under ultrasoundKyuichi Yasui, Toru Tuziuti, Kazumi Kato
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan

10 : 10 - 10 : 30

4a A06. Autoreduction of tetrachloride gold(III) ions and spontaneous formation of gold
nanoparticles in sonicated water
Toshio Sakai, Shoichi Miwa, Tomohiko Okada, Shozi Mishima
Shinshu University, Japan

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

37Lecture Room B

Acoustic/elastic nonlinearity in media with complex structures 4
Chair: P. A. Johnson (Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, USA)8 : 50 - 9 : 10

4a B02. An analysis on the second-order nonlinear effect of focused acoustic wave
around a scatterer in an ideal fluid
Gang Liu1, Boo Cheong Khoo1,2, Pahala Gedara Jayathilake1,2
1National University of Singapore, Singapore, 2Singapore-MIT Alliance, Singapore

9 : 10 - 9 : 30

4a B03. Slow variations of mechanical and electrical properties of dielectrics at
high-intensity ultrasonic irradiation
Claes M. Hedberg, Oleg V. Rudenko
Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden

9 : 30 - 9 : 50

4a B04. Shear waves in a cubic nonlinear inhomogeneous resonator
Timofey Borisovich Krit, Valery Georgievich Andreev, Oleg Anatol'evich Sapozhnikov
Department of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, MSU, Russia

9 : 50 - 10 : 10

4a B05. Simulation of multi-cracks in solid using harmonics filtering with a time reversal
process
Xiaozhou Liu, Ying Zhang, Jinlin Zhu, Xiufen Gong
Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing Univeristy, China

Lecture Room C

Parametric acoustic array

Chair: W-S. Gan (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore)
H. Nomura (The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan)
8 : 30 - 9 : 10
Invited Paper

4a C01. Actively created quiet zones by parametric loudspeaker as control sources inthe sound field
Chao Ye, Ming Wu, Jun Yang
Insititute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

9 : 10 - 9 : 30

4a C03. Estimation of parametric sound field controlled by source amplitudes andphases using numerical simulation
Hideyuki Nomura1, Claes M. Hedberg2, Tomoo Kamakura1
1

The University of Electro-Communications, Japan, 2Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden

38

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

9 : 30 - 9 : 50

4a C04. Modeling the directivity of parametric loudspeaker
Chuang Shi, Woon-Seng Gan
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

9 : 50 - 10 : 10

4a C05. Inverse system design based on the Volterra modeling of a parametricloudspeaker system
Wei Ji, Woon-Seng Gan
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

10 : 10 - 10 : 30

4a C06. 3D Simulation of parametric ultrasound fields
Fabrice Prieur
University of Oslo, Norway

May 24 (Thursday)

11:00 - 12:00
Ibuka Hall

Closing Lecture

Chair: Y. Matsumoto (The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan)
11 : 00 - 12 : 00

4a L6.

Conditions inside a collapsing bubble
Kenneth S. Suslick
University of Illinois, United States

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

39

Abstracts

Opening Lecture

May 21 (Mon)

1a L1.
A wide variety of nonlinear acoustic effects associatedwith a small kidney stone
Oleg Sapozhnikov1,2
1

Department of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University,
Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia,
2
Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
The International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics showcases research in the applications of abroad spectrum of nonlinear phenomena. This talk focuses on the various nonlinear effects as they
relate to one specific application – kidney stones.
Urinary stones have plagued mankind for millennia and even been found in Egyptian mummies. Still
it is an active research area as to how they occur much less how to prevent or cure them. And in fact
it encompasses many diseases, and many types of stones form. Only hydration, diluting the urinary
salts, works across the board. Now it is expected from 3 to 10% of the world population will sufferfrom stones, and the percent is on the rise. Acoustics plays an important role every day in dealing
with the disease although there is still much to be learned.
As a physical object, a kidney stone is a polycrystalline hard concretion usually formed of calcium
oxalate, with an inhomogeneous structure that frequently contains voids and cracks. The stone is
2 10 millimeters across or even larger and is surrounded by a liquid (urine) and soft tissue (kidneyparenchyma) that are acoustically similar to water. Various types of acoustic waves are used indiagnosis and treatment of the kidney stone disease, ranging from low-amplitude diagnostic pulses
to longer and more intense Doppler pulses, even more intense continuous focused ultrasound,and shock waves with up to 100 MPa peak pressure. A variety of nonlinear acoustic effects arise insuch fields around the stone and inside it. To name some of them: In the procedure called shock
wave lithotripsy the incident acoustic waves are so strong that they fracture the stone. As the stone
surface contains many crevices, acoustic cavitation is frequently developed in the surrounding liquid.
Because of absorption of the ultrasound, acoustic streaming in the liquid can be excited as well.
Because the stone is a good sound scatterer, a significant acoustic radiation force may be created
when the intense ultrasound beam is directed on the stone.
Although ultrasound is already a recognized tool in the treatment of kidney stones, there is room
for improvement and understanding. A hard concretion would seem a perfect target for diagnostic
ultrasound, yet still in the US most stones are diagnosed with x-ray CT, despite new mandates toreduce ionizing radiation exposure to patients. Developing new stone-specific diagnostic modes
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43

would lead to better resolution of kidney images. Shock waves generated outside or inside the bodyare the primary tool for breaking stones so they will pass or can be removed. But today just a little

May 21 (Mon)more than half of shock wave lithotripsy treatments solve the problem. Research is underway to useradiation force to expel stones and fragments after lithotripsy from the kidney. This requires sufficient
force to move stones, ability to steer the stones in the designed direction, and a need to not injury
kidney tissue. All those problems need deeper insight in the physical phenomena involved, whichcannot be done without use of the methods of nonlinear acoustics.
Work is supported by the National Institutes of Health (DK43881, DK92197), the National Space
Biomedical Research Institute through NASA NCC 9-58, and the Russian Foundation for Basic
Research (RFBR 11-02-01189, 12-02-00114).

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012Martin Henneton1,2, Philippe Delorme1, Olaf Gainville3, François Coulouvrat2
1

ONERA, DSNA, France, 2Université Pierre et Marie Curie - UMR CNRS 7190, France, 3CEA, DAM, DIF, France

The worldwide installation of the International Monitoring System is performed to verify the Comprehensive nuclear
Test-Ban Treaty which outlaws nuclear explosions. Its aim is to detect with certainty any nuclear test explosion ofat least 1 kiloton (100F-0 tons TNT equivalent). The stations of this network, which record infrasound, often detect
meteorite entries. It is essential to know if recorded signals correlate with a meteoritic entry or another phenomenonsuch as explosions, earthquakes or volcanic irruptions. The main objective of this work is to model the emission and the
propagation of infrasound generated by meteorites. This is done by combining CFD simulations of shock waves withacoustic atmospheric propagation models. In a first step the trajectory of the meteorite is investigated. Newton’s laws ofmotion are applied, in addition to the ablation phenomenon. It appears that input parameters (velocity, altitude, angle ofentry, …) controlling the trajectory are difficult to evaluate, so a sensitivity analysis of the influence of these parameterson the trajectory has therefore been conducted. This initial study provides the range of key parameters (velocity, density,
evolution of the Mach, Reynolds and Knudsen number…) during the entry. In a second step, the pressure field in thevicinity of the meteorite is simulated using Euler equations, which are solved using a finite volume method (elsA©,
ONERA). The influence of the parameters such as the diameter and the velocity of the meteorite on the pressure signal, atdifferent radial distances away from the trajectory, is quantified and compared to an empirical line-source shock model.
Finally the pressure signal is propagated at very long distances using a nonlinear ray tracing method. The matching of
the CFD and acoustics models is performed at a distance where the shock is locally cylindrical and weakly nonlinear. The
distance at which this matching is performed is discussed. This computational method is carried out in the case of themeteorite of Carancas, which impacted in Peru in the 15th September 2007.

1a A02.
Interference patterns in non-homogeneous flow over the obstacles
Nikolay Ivanovich Makarenko1,2, Janna Lvovna Maltseva1,2
1

Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Russia, 2Novosibirsk State University, Russia

An analytical model of weakly non-homogeneous fluid flow over the topography formed by isolated group of obstacles
is considered. Attention is focused on the wave patterns and wave trains generated downstream the obstacles. Our
method involves the perturbation procedure using two dimensionless parameters. One of them is the Boussinesq
parameter which characterizes small slope of the density profile, and another parameter gives typical dimensionlessheight of single obstacle. Wave solutions corresponding to sinusoidal topography with finite number of peaks arecalculated and examined. The interference patterns localized in the flow domain confined directly above the topography
are calculated. Strongly modulated harmonic waves were observed for relatively short sinusoidal obstacles with 5-12
peaks. The wave modulation sharpened due to substantial influence of the end peaks by the transition from forced
waves over the barrier to the lee waves behind of the obstacles. This effect was not observed for long sinusoidal-bottom
domains. For such domains, the near-bottom region of boundary-trapped waves of small amplitude is clearly separated
from the upper region of a slowly modulated waves having maximal amplitude at the mid-height of the fluid layer.
The wave amplification was also found by the variation of upstream flow parameters. The work was supported by the
Russian Foundation of Basic Research (grant No 09-01-00447) and the Program RAS No 20 (Project No 4).

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May 21 (Mon)

1a A01.
Computational fluid dynamics simulations of infrasound generation
process by meteorites

May 21 (Mon)

1a A03.
Acoustic waves in the atmosphere and ground generated by volcanic
activities
Mie Ichihara1, John Lyons2, Jun Oikawa1, Minoru Takeo1
1

Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan,
Instituto Geofisico, Escuela Politecnica Nacional , Ecuador

2

Active volcanoes generates a variety of oscillation in the ground and in the air. Among them is what is called ‘harmonic
tremor’. As the name indicates, a harmonic tremor is a sustained oscillation consisting of a fundamental mode and its
overtones. Because the spectral feature is similar to that of sounds generated by musical instruments, source mechanismsof the volcanic harmonic tremors have been considered in comparison with the physics of musical instruments.
Although the unique feature of the oscillation has attracted researchers for decades, the source has not been exclusively
determined for any observed cases. This paper reports an interesting sequence of harmonic tremors observed in the2011 eruption of Shinmoedake Volcano, southern Japan. The main eruptive activities started with ash-cloud forming
explosive eruptions, followed by lava effusion. Harmonic tremors were transmitted into the ground and observed asseismic waves at the last stage of the effusive eruption. The tremors observed at this stage had unclear and fluctuating
harmonic modes. In the atmosphere, on the other hand, many impulsive acoustic waves indicating small surface
explosions were observed. When the effusion stopped and the erupted lava was shrinking, harmonic tremor started to
be transmitted also to the atmosphere and observed as acoustic waves. Then the harmonic modes became clearer andmore stable. This sequence of harmonic tremors is interpreted as a process in which volcanic gas tries to make a paththrough the erupted lava to the atmosphere. In order to test this hypothesis, a laboratory experiment was performed andthe essential feature was successfully reproduced.

1a B01.
Acoustic effects at interaction of laser radiation with a liquid
accompanied by optical breakdown
Alexey V. Bulanov

V.I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Different mechanisms of plasma fronts supersonic expansion are known at the present time: a fast ionization wave (FIW),
laser supported radiation wave (LSRW), laser supported detonation wave (LSDW), breakdown and electronic thermal
conductivity mechanism. The study of mechanisms of laser plasma expansion is caused by different reasons including
specially the research of laser plasma spectral characteristics and plasma fronts interaction for different mechanisms.
We have determined the mechanism of plasma expansion for the case of an optical breakdown and low-threshold
breakdown by laser wavelength λ = 1.06 µm within intensities range of 5·108 – 1011 W/cm2 in a normal atmosphere. In
a case of near-threshold laser intensities close to breakdown threshold of air, I ~ (5 - 10)·10 10 W/cm2, we have restricted
to reviewing of a case of sharp-focused laser beam. In whole, the determination of plasma expansion mechanism haveproduced by comparison of velocities of three mechanisms: the FWI, the LSDW and the LSRW. Besides the experimental
data for speeds of laser fronts were compared wth theoretical calculations.. Plasma experiments were performed byusing 532 nm (180 mJ) and 1064 nm (360 mJ) pulses from Brilliant B Nd:YAG laser. The spectral features of breakdown(including time-dependent intensities of absorption, molecular and atomic lines) have beenperformed. Researches of theacoustic effects accompanying optical breakdown in a liquid, generated by the focused laser radiation have been carriedout at interaction with a liquid surface. Researches have been spent on the first and the second harmonics of Nd:Yaglaser. Time laser radiation in a mode of the modulated quality was equal to 10 nanoseconds. Density of power for laser
impulse was 1011 W/cm2. Various modes of movement of plasma fronts have simultaneously been investigated at various
focusings of laser radiation. Estimations of acoustic radiation power were spent and dynamics of spectral structure of
acoustic radiation have been investigated at various modes of plasma fronts movement.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Daisuke Koyama, Ryoichi Isago, Kentaro Nakamura

Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Compact variable-focus lenses whose focal points can be varied in the axial direction are used in optical devices, such as
mobile electronic devices with built-in cameras, and the camera lens and its actuator occupy a large volume. We havebeen investigating the variable-focus liquid lens by acoustic radiation force without a mechanical moving part. Our
liquid lens was more compact and had faster response than conventional mechanical lens, and the variable-focus lenswith a fast response can realize high-speed focus scanning at 1 kHz in the axial direction. It can be applied to confocal
microscopy with a large depth of field that can be used to image non-flat objects under a microscope. Wide-field
confocal images can be obtained in real time by sweeping the focal point of a lens in the axial and radial directions andrapidly integrating the images obtained. This paper describes a liquid lens whose focal point can be varied in both theaxial and radial directions. The liquid lens consists of an acrylic cylindrical cell with the inner diameter of 10 mm andthe thickness of 3 mm, two immiscible liquids with different refractive index (water and silicone oil), and an annular PZTtransducer with four-divided electrodes. The center of the transducer and the top of the lens were sealed using circularquartz plates so that light can propagate through the lens in the axial direction. The oil-water interface acting as the lenssurface can be deformed by the acoustic radiation force from the transducer, and the lens acts as a variable-focus lens.
The variation of the oil-water interface was observed by changing the driving condition of the transducer and using
optical coherence tomography which images differences in the refractive index. The path of the laser beam transmitted
through the lens was calculated by ray-tracing simulations. The oil-water interface could be deformed from the oil towater sides and the focal point could changed three-dimensionally by controlling the input voltage. The displacement
angle in the radial direction was approximately 3 degrees in the case that only two divide electrodes were excited with
the input voltage of 45 V at 1 MHz. The dynamic performance of the lens was investigated by using a high-speed camera.
By exciting with AM signals, the hemispherical water droplet oscillated and the focus scanning in the axial and radial
directions could be achieved.

1a B03.
Observation of acoustic streaming in water/sensor plate/thin waterlayer/128YX-LiNbO3 for realizing disposable digital microfluidic system
Jun Kondoh, Hitoshi Toyoizumi
Shizuoka University, Japan

Surface acoustic wave (SAW ) devices are extensively used as analog electrical filters for mobile and wirelesscommunications. The SAW has an elliptical displacement on the surface. When liquid is loaded on the Rayleigh-SAW
propagating surface, the Rayleigh-SAW becomes a leaky-SAW and a longitudinal wave is radiated into the liquid. While
this phenomenon is unfavorable for SAW device applications, such as filters, new applications have been created based on
it. If the SAW amplitude increases, the liquid shows non-linear dynamics, such as droplet vibration, droplet manipulation,and small droplet flying from a droplet. This phenomenon is well known as SAW streaming. If a sensor is integrated
on the SAW propagating surface, droplet manipulating and measuring system is realized. In other word, novel digital
microfluidic system is realized by using SAW device. Purpose of the system is to measure immunoreaction, hybridizationof deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), enzyme reaction and so on. As it is difficult to keep clean surface after measuring bioreactions, disposable device is required for a microfluidic system. Realization of a disposable system using SAW device
is difficult. Therefore, we have proposed three-layer structures of sensor plate/thin water layer/128YX-LiNbO3. We havesucceeded in droplets manipulation, mixing, and measuring on the three-layer device. For optimization, it is important tounderstand an acoustic streaming on the device. In this paper, the acoustic streaming on the three-layer structure device
is discussed on the basis of experimental results. Acoustic streaming is observed in a water tank. The beam width on the
proposed structure is wider than it on the 128YX-LiNbO3. Acoustic streaming velocity was obtained from particle image
velocimetry (PIV) as a function of thickness of thin water layer. Cover glasses of different thickness and polymer plate
were used as sensor plates. Relationship between the maximum streaming velocity and thickness of thin water layer
is linear. The streaming velocity decreases with increasing glass thickness. For the same thickness, the velocity for thepolymer plate is slower than it for the cover glass. The obtained results suggest that the droplet manipulation speed on
the proposed structure is influenced by material and thickness of a sensor plate. Also, streaming in the water thin layer isobserved. Profiles are depended on the layer thickness. Above 1 mm thickness, vortex is observed.

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May 21 (Mon)

1a B02.
Three-dimensional focus scanning by an acoustic variable-focus
optical liquid lensMay 21 (Mon)

1a C01.
Anharmonic properties of CaO
Krishna Murti Raju

BNV PG College, Hamirpur, India
The knowledge of elastic constants is essential to interpret the thermodynamic and elastic dimensions of solids at hightemperatures. The elasticity offers more information than the volume in interpreting the temperature dependence ofequation of state because the compressibility is defined by the derivative of volume. The elastic constants also provide
a ground for examining of Earth's deep interior. The electrostatic and Born-Mayer repulsive potentials method wasused to calculate the higher order elastic constants and pressure derivatives of alkaline-earth oxide CaO in a wide
temperature range (100-1000 K). The first order pressure derivatives of second and third order elastic constants, thesecond order pressure derivatives of second order elastic constants and partial contractions are also evaluated at different
temperatures. The different results of the calculations are compared with experimental data and discussed. Data onelastic constants and associated properties at high temperature for CaO crystal are presented and discussed starting fromprimary physical parameters viz. nearest neighbor distance (r) and hardness parameter (q) assuming long- and shortrange potentials. The factors r and q are the primary physical parameters used in this study. When the values of the higher
order elastic constants are known for a crystal, many of the anharmonic properties of the crystal can be treated within
the limit of the continuum approximation in a quantitative manner. If the values of second order elastic constants anddensity at a particular temperature are known for any substance, one may obtain ultrasonic velocities for longitudinal andshear waves which give an important information about its internal structure, inherent and anharmonic properties. This
study will be useful in characterisation of the material and it will give a clear picture of elastic behaviour in CaO. It is foundthat the elastic constants, in general, decrease with temperature. The new data may offer an additional possibility to
improve the theoretical models developed recently for the interpretation of the behavior of elastic constants in elevatedtemperature region. Our whole theoretical approach can be applied to the evaluation of related parameters to study theanharmonic properties of CaO. Thus the results of the elastic properties of this alkaline earth oxide computed with thehelp of the present theory are satisfactory and are comparable to the results obtained by various first-principle studies.

1a C02.
Nonlinear approach for evaluation properties of materials at elevatedtemperature
Iosif E Shkolnik, Huseyin R Hiziroglu
Kettering University, United States

Temperature-dependent electrical and mechanical properties are very important in the analysis of materials in operating
environments with changing temperatures. It has been observed that high temperature may adversely affect theperformance of insulators and lead to its rapid aging and unexpected failure. The heterogeneous of structure, local
overstress on real materials under loading lead to the deviation from Ohm’s law as well as from Hook’s law (even at
infinitesimal deformations) and also significantly affect the behavior of materials at elevated temperature. There arestandards and many experimental techniques that can predict thermal failure of materials. However, these experiments
are not only tedious but also expensive and quite time consuming. Main objective of this paper consists in estimationof dielectric and mechanical properties of different materials (solders, polymers, concrete, and polymer-concrete) at
elevated temperature by using corresponding data at room temperature and results of measurements by static andnonlinear nondestructive acoustical methods. Presented investigations are based on three fundamental relationships formaterials: “modulus of elasticity-temperature”, “strength-temperature” (according to the kinetic nature of solids strength),and nonlinear “stress-strain” dependency. It is shown that, in agreement with existing standards and experiments fordifferent solders, polymers, concrete and polymer concrete insulators, the dielectric as well as mechanical properties
decrease with temperature. Preliminary results are promising for predicting mechanical strength of materials at room
temperature, dielectric strength and time to failure of insulators at elevated temperature.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Muhammad Shoaib, Leif Kari

The Marcus Wallenberg Laboratory for Sound and Vibration Research, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
Non-linear elasto-plastic shock waves in particle systems at high-velocity compaction are simulated by the discreteelement method. The contact laws applied between the spherical metal particles include non-linear elastic and plastic
loading, adhesion and elastic unloading. Of particular interest is to study the transmission and reflection of non-linear
shock waves through a particle system using different particle sizes and materials, with and without voids between theparticles and with and without adhesion at the contacts. Several interesting results are presented in the paper including
the particle deformation at incident and reflected shocks, particle velocity oscillations as a result of voids and possible
particle separations at unloading stage and their dependence upon the applied adhesion at the contacts. The studyof non-linear elasto-plastic shock waves in particle systems has a strong practical relevance including high-velocity
compaction of metal powder.

1p A04.
Nonlinear propagation of acoustic pulses through theatmosphere with the anisotropic wind velocity and temperature
nonhomogeneities
Igor Chunchuzov1, Sergey Kulichkov1, Oleg Popov1, Roger Waxler2, Jelle Assink2
1
2

Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, 119017 Moscow, Russia,
National Center for Physical Acoustics, University of Mississippi,MS 38677, United States

The nonlinear distortion of the acoustic pulses propagating from point explosive sources (surface explosions, volcanoes)
to the upper atmosphere in a presence of the anisotropic wind velocity and temperature nonhomogeneities is studied.
Due to such distortion the pulses transform at high altitudes into N-waves, whose amplitudes and durations are
estimated at different altitudes of the atmosphere (up to 120 km). The scattering of N-waves by atmospheric anisotropic
nonhomogeneities in the stratosphere and lower thermosphere is analyzed with the use of a parabolic equation method.
The calculated wave forms, amplitudes and durations of the stratospheric and thermospheric arrivals are compared withthose observed in the experiments. It is shown that the acoustic field scattered from anisotropic nonhomogeneities may
be responsible for some of the arrivals of the acoustic pulses observed in the acoustic shadow zones

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May 21 (Mon)

1a C03.
Non-linear elasto-plastic shock wave simulation in high-velocity
compaction by discrete element method

May 21 (Mon)

1p A05.
Numerical simulation of shock wave propagation in flows
Mathieu Rénier1, Régis Marchiano1, Eric Gaudard1, Louis-Jonardan Gallin1,3,François Coulouvrat1,2
1
3

Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France, 2Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France,
CEA , DAM , DIF , F – 91297 Arpajon, France, France

Acoustical shock waves propagate through flows in many situations. The sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft
influenced by winds, or the so-called Buzz-Saw-Noise produced by turbo-engine fan blades when rotating at supersonic
speeds, are two examples of such a phenomenon. In this work, an original method called FLHOWARD, acronym for FLowand Heterogeneous One-Way Approximation for Resolution of Diffraction, is presented. It relies on a scalar nonlinear
wave equation, which takes into account propagation in a privileged direction (one-way approach), with diffraction,
flow, heterogeneous and nonlinear effects. Theoretical comparison of the dispersion relations between that equationand parabolic equations (standard or wide angle) shows that this approach is more precise than the parabolic approach
because there are no restrictions about the angle of propagation. A numerical procedure based on the standard
split-step technique is used. It consists in splitting the nonlinear wave equation into simpler equations. Each of theseequations is solved thanks to an analytical solution when it is possible, and a finite differences scheme in other cases. The
advancement along the propagation direction is done with an implicit scheme. The validity of that numerical procedure
is assessed by comparisons with analytical solutions of the Lilley’s equation in waveguides for uniform or shear flows in
linear regime. Attention is paid to the advantages and drawbacks of that method. Finally, the numerical code is used tosimulate the propagation of sonic boom through a piece of atmosphere with flows and heterogeneities. The effects ofthe various parameters are analysed.

1p A06.
Global variation of sonic boom overpressure due to seasonal changes
in atmosphere
Hiroshi Yamashita1, Shigeru Obayashi2
1Formerly Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University and Currently Department of Aerospace Engineering,
Nagoya University, Japan, 2Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Japan
This paper presents the global variation in sonic boom overpressure due to seasonal changes in atmosphere. The
variation of overpressure at the ground according to difference in seasons and geographic positions was focused. The
seasonally varying atmosphere employed in the simulation was computed from the raw observational data by thefollowing steps: The upper-air meteorological raw observation data were processed by data filtering, vertical interpolationof the observations, and the seasonal average obtained by averaging the observations for three months. Sonic boom
was calculated using the near-field pressure wave of Sears-Haack body obtained from Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) calculations in inviscid flow (Euler) mode. The sonic boom was extrapolated through all seasonal atmosphericgradients around the world by the Waveform Parameter Method. The distribution maps of sonic boom overpressurearound the world were produced from the extrapolated waves. The differences in altitude were taken into consideration.
However, the effects of wind and atmospheric turbulence were not taken into account. The results demonstrated thatsonic boom overpressure varies widely with season and geographic position due to difference in the atmosphericgradients. The results revealed the tendencies of the global variation in overpressure. The results also showed thepotential benefit of conducting the sonic boom estimation by taking local atmospheric conditions and terrains into theconsideration. The estimation is useful to determine the optimal flight profiles for low-boom flight, which is important
for the development of an environmentally acceptable supersonic aircraft.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Nicolas Sax1, Sachiko Horie1, Li Li1, Shenwei Li1, Takashi Kochi1,2, Rui Chen1, Yukiko Watanabe1,
Yoko Yagishita1,3, Maya Sakamoto4, Shiro Mori4, Tetsuya Kodama1
1

Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Japan,
Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Japan,
3
Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan, 4Tohoku University Hospital, Japan2

Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) are nano/microbubbles that contain air or a high-molecular-weight, low-solubilitygas (e.g., C3F8, C4F10 or SF6) encapsulated in a lipid or albumin shell. The diameters of UCAs vary from 100 nm to 10 μm
and their behavior primarily depends on the ultrasound characteristics. Previous studies have developed acoustic
liposomes (ALs), liposomes that encapsulate perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas. These ALs can be used as just UCAs, for early
diagnostic, observation of angiogenesis, and evaluation of the therapeutic effect of various molecules. They also have thepotential to be used for localized drug delivery, through their ultrasound-induced destruction in a target region leading
to permeabilization of the neighboring cells by sonoporation. However, the stability of the gas encapsulation, as wellas the fine structure of the ALs remain to be investigated. Here we show that the stability of ALs is affected by fluidity
changes in the membrane induced by cholesterol or unsaturated phospholipids, in a quite different way from that of
non-acoustic liposomes. Ultrasound B-Mode images show that liposomes sonicated in the presence of C 3F8 gas havea high echogenicity and a good in vitro lifetime compared to ALs encapsulating air, but still suffer from a short lifetimein vivo. Further research aims at improving the stability of the gas encapsulation by surface modification and coatingof the liposomes, and in vivo observation of the EPR effect through real-time visualization of the accumulation of such
liposomes at tumor sites.

1p B06.
Analysis of a bubble deformation process in a microcapsule by shockwaves for developing DDS
Masaaki Tamagawa, Kenshi Morimoto
Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan

This paper describes development of microcapsule including a bubble using underwater shock waves for shock wave
drug delivery systems, especially the trial of making smaller microcapsules and analysis of a bubble deformation process
in a microcapsule to have higher efficiency of disintegration. In our proposed drug delivery systems (DDS) using shockwaves, microcapsules including gas bubbles are flown in the blood vessel, and they are broken by shock induced
microjet, then drug is reached to the affected part in the body. For developing microcapsules including gas bubbles, thepenetration force of microjet should be controlled by shock wave strength (power), wave form of pressure, and capsulegeometry and material properties. Especially the mechanical properties of membrane and geometry of the membrane(membrane properties) are important parameters for changing the penetration strength of microjet in the microcapsule.
To observe the bubble deformation process in a capsule is very important work for understanding disintegration of
microcapsules by shock wave or pressure wave with changing these membrane parameters. In this paper, the bubble(less than 100μm) deformation process is observed in a microcapsule on the microscope using micro-holder. The workedpressure wave is generated by horn shaped piezoelectric pressure generator, and the maximum pressure is 0.16MPa,
which is under the disintegration of capsule. In this investigation, the frequencies of sine pressure wave are 44 kHz and 77
kHz. As a result, the typical bubble deformation process was obtained. It is found that the bubble has an acute angle partwith large deformation in the case that the ratio (air diameter/water diameter) is 0.53. In the case that this ratio is almost
1, it is clearly found that there are no acute-angle parts of a bubble. Effects of other parameters are also discussed. Fromthese results and other ones, it is concluded that there should be optimum parameter to have strong micro-jet even inless than 100μm scale by shock waves and pressure waves.

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51

May 21 (Mon)

1p B05.
Effects of the liposomal formulation on the behavior and physicalcharacteristics of acoustic liposomes

May 21 (Mon)

1p B07.
Enhancement of cavitation inception by second-harmonic superimposition
Shin-ichiro Umemura, Ryo Takagi, Jun Yasuda, Shin Yoshizawa
Tohoku University, Japan

Microbubbles, whether administered or ultrasonically generated, accelerate the thermal as well as mechanical effects oftherapeutic ultrasound. Furthermore, they are essential for the sonochemical effects. We have proposed “Triggerd HIFU(High Intensity Focused Ultrasound)” exposure sequence, in which microbubble clouds are generated by short, extremely
high intensity “trigger” pulses and accelerate the effect of following continuous heating waves with similar intensity andduration as conventional HIFU for therapeutic treatment. Because the heating effect is induced by synergy of the trigger
pulses and the heating waves, which are both focused, the triggered HIFU treatment may have higher spatial selectivity
as well as higher energy efficiency than conventional HIFU treatment. This paper presents our researches underway on
improving the trigger pulses to increase their cavitation inception efficiency. The peak negative acoustic pressure, the mostimportant acoustic parameter for cavitation inception, can be enhanced by superimposing the second-harmonic to thefundamental. Employing coaxially aligned co-focal PZT transducers at 1.14 and 2.28 MHz, the effectiveness of the secondharmonic superimposition was examined in water. Among the several short exposure sequences tested, the sequence,starting with the second-harmonic superimposed pulse waves enhancing the peak negative pressure, and followed bythose enhancing the peak positive pressure, demonstrated the highest efficiency in cavitation inception. A high speed
camera showed that the negative-pressure enhanced pulse waves produced a small cloud of cavitated microbubbles at
the first stage and that the positive-pressure enhanced pulse waves expanded the microbubble cloud at the second stage.
It may be hypothesized that the positive-pressure enhanced pulse waves at the second stage were phase-inverted throughbeing reflected by the small microbubble cloud and converted to negative-pressure enhanced waves expanding thecloud. Because of the non-linear propagation of high intensity focused waves, it is not simple to produce highly negative
focal acoustic pressure even by superimposing the second harmonic. Two ways of the second-harmonic superimposition,
one by co-focal focusing as described above and the other at the sound source with wide-band transducer elements, will
also be compared in experiments as well as by numerical simulation of non-linear propagation and discussed.

1p C04.
Subharmonic wave analysis in crack using the developed FEM
Tsuyoshi Mihara1, Koji Shimaya1, Yasushi Ikegami2, Takashi Furukawa3, Ichiro Komura3
1

University of Toyama, Japan, 2ITOCHU Techno-Solutions Co., Japan, 3JAPEIC, Japan

Subharmonic wave measurement has been considered as a promising technique for the industrial NDE for the
reliable detection and accurate sizing of the defects in industrial structures. However, the generating mechanism of asubharmonic wave at crack is not clear enough yet. We simulated subharmonic wave at crack using a simple analyticalmodel considering the clapping of the crack surfaces generates subharmonic wave to obtain the similar waveform to
the experimental one qualitatively. According to the basic concept of previous analysis, we tried to develop a new FEM
code to simulate the subharmonic wave behaviors at crack in this research. Incidence of large amplitude ultrasoundapplied to the narrow opening crack and the clapping of crack surfaces made transmit the ultrasound through the gapof the crack as a first step. In addition to this, if a slight miss-clapping of crack occurred alternatively depending on the
microstructure of crack, subharmonic behaviors should appear on the transited waveform. The analytical FEM code forsubharmonic wave used here was newly developed basing on the commercial large-scale FEM code. The small gapof crack of nm order was represented using double contact mesh technique. After the comparison of simple analysisof transit waveform and crack length to the experimental result, we reconsidered the FEM model. Thus, residual stressat crack surface and irregularity of crack surface were considered strongly related to the clapping of crack surfaces.
Then, following two parameters were added to the FEM analysis to consider to the subharmonic ultrasound behavior
at industrial crack. First one was a compression residual stress at the crack surface based on the fracture mechanics
considerations that the compression stress was remained in small scale yielding area at crack tip in the fatigue crack
introduction process. Second one was the consideration of the geometric irregularity of crack surface. Though accurate
details of the contact between crack surfaces in nm order was unknown, three dimensional complex geometries should
be considered for subharmonic ultrasound generation in industrial cracks. Comparing to the simple experimental
waveform of subharmonic waves, new FEM model of crack must be investigated considering the industrial crack shape
to evaluate the mechanism of subharmonic ultrasound generation.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Kazushi Yamanaka, Yohei Shintaku, Yoshikazu Ohara
Tohoku University, Japan

Closed cracks are the most serious obstacle for safety of important structures such as power plants or air planes. The
depth of such crack can be underestimated even by the most sensitive measurement tool, ultrasound, owing to thecompression residual stress or oxide film on the crack faces. These cracks are extended by larger external stresses andcause accidents such as radiation leaks. To detect closed cracks, nonlinearity of ultrasound is regarded most promising.
Among them, subharmonics is particularly useful because of their excellent selectivity for closed cracks and hightemporal resolution. Subharmonic phased array for crack evaluation (SPACE) can measure depth of closed fatigue
cracks and stress corrosion cracks. However, in one dimensional (1D) model, parameters relevant in real components
cannot be taken into account, such as the length/depth of cracks and direction of incident wave with respect to thecrack faces. Thus, detailed comparison between experiment and theory was not possible. In this study, we propose
the first two dimensional (2D) model to reproduce subharmonic generation at closed cracks using damped double
nodes (DDN). Numerical simulation using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method was performed using DDN andcompared with experimental waveforms and time frequency analysis based on the wavelet analysis. As a result, it was
found that apparently random (chaotic) high frequency vibration is excited by large amplitude input wave without thedamping. However, the damping is useful in avoiding high frequency vibration and enhancing subharmonic generation
efficiency by a large amplitude input wave. The displacement vibration waveforms of the incidence-side crack face ,that of trasmission-side crack face and the crack opening displacement (COD) are calculated. Then is pushed up by ,and the former cannot follow the return of the latter due to the inertia. In the following periods, this process is repeatedwith different percentages, causing doubling of period and formation of subharmonics. In conclusion, we succeededin reproducing subharmonic generation at closed cracks in a 2-dimensional model. It will be useful in designing andevaluating testing equipment, probes and conditions for important structures with possible extension of closed cracks.

1p C06.
Formation and evaluation of closed stress corrosion cracks in Ni-based
alloy weld metal for nuclear power plants
Yoshikazu Ohara, Yohei Shintaku, Satoshi Horinouchi, Kazushi Yamanaka
Tohoku University, Japan

Although nuclear power plants have been revaluated owing to reduction of carbon dioxide, stress corrosion cracks (SCCs)
have been generated in critical structures during long-term service. To ensure the safety and reliability, the accurate
measurement of crack depth is necessary. Crack depth can be measured by ultrasound if cracks are open. However, theinspection of SCCs is difficult in Ni-based alloy weld metal for dissimilar metal welding of pressurized water reactors,
since the SCCs are strongly closed. Then, ultrasound can penetrate through closed cracks whose faces are in contact witheach other because of compression residual stress or oxide films. This leads to the underestimation or overlook of cracks,
resulting in catastrophic accidents. Thus far, we have developed a novel imaging method, subharmonic phased arrayfor crack evaluation (SPACE) based on subharmonic waves and a phased array algorithm. We have demonstrated theperformance of SPACE in closed fatigue crack specimen made of aluminum alloy and stainless steel, and in SCC specimen
made of stainless steel. However, the closed SCCs have yet to be formed in Ni-based alloy weld metal in acceleration test.
Here, we propose a method for forming closed SCCs in Ni-based alloy weld metal. A Ni-based alloy weld metal was partly
bored, and the bored part was molded with a Ni-based alloy of high carbon content so as to form SCC in a short time. The
starting notch was fabricated in the molded parts. Then, the SCC was extended from the notch in tetrathionate solution
under thermal tensile stress. After forming the SCC, the specimen was immersed in high temperature pressurized waterto generate oxide films between crack faces. We imaged the SCC using SPACE. Consequently, we observed subharmoniccomponents (f/2) after the immersion in high temperature pressurized water, although only fundamental component (f )before the immersion. Two dimensional analysis with the damped double node (DDN) indicated that the f/2 component
is due to contact vibration of crack faces. This result shows that the immersion in high temperature pressurized water
is useful in generating oxide films, resulting in crack closure. In conclusion, we succeeded in forming closed SCCs in Nibased alloy weld metal, and demonstrated that SPACE is useful in measuring the closed SCC. This result will significantly
contribute to improve the safety and reliability of nuclear power plants.
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May 21 (Mon)

1p C05.
Two dimensional model for subharmonic generation at closed cracks
with damped double nodes

May 21 (Mon)

1p C07.
Analysis of harmonic generation in Lamb waves by finite-differencetime-domain method
Naoki Matsuda, Shiro Biwa

Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan
Nonlinear acoustic methods are attracting much attention towards early-stage evaluation of material damage anddeterioration. While foregoing investigations were mostly focused on the nonlinear effects of bulk waves in damaged
materials, some works have been recently carried out to utilize guided waves, such as Lamb waves in a plate, for damage
evaluation of thin-walled structures. Due to the dispersive nature and the multi-mode existence, the nonlinear effects
of guided waves, such as higher harmonic generation, are difficult to analyze, and the foregoing theoretical studies arelimited to the perturbation analysis. In the present investigation, the nonlinear characteristics of Lamb wave propagation
are analyzed numerically, by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The authors have extended the
FDTD scheme to include the stress-strain nonlinearity (third-order elasticity) as well as the kinematical nonlinearity (Green’s strain). Using this nonlinear FDTD scheme, the harmonic generation in Lamb waves is analyzed for different modes
and frequencies of the primary Lamb mode. The numerical results are discussed in the light of the conditions for the
cumulative harmonic generation, namely the phase and group velocity matching of the primary and the harmonic Lambwaves [1]. Furthermore, numerical simulations are carried out for the case where the plate has a locally concentrated
region of enhanced material nonlinearity, and the influence of the size of this region on the harmonic generation
behavior of Lamb waves is discussed. [1] N. Matsuda and S. Biwa, J. Appl. Phys. 109 (2011), 094903.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

1p L2.
Sources and propagation of atmospherical acoustic shock waves
François Coulouvrat
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR CNRS 7190, F-75005 Paris, France
Sources of aerial shock waves are numerous and produce acoustical signals that propagate in theatmosphere over long ranges, with a wide frequency spectrum ranging from infrasonic to audibleor even ultrasonic frequencies, and with a complex human response. They can be of natural origin,like meteors, lightning or volcanoes, or human-made as for explosions, so-called "buzz-saw noise"(BSN) from aircraft engines or sonic booms. Their description, modelling and data analysis within
the viewpoint of nonlinear acoustics will be the topic of the present lecture, with focus on two main
points: the challenges of the source description, and the main features of nonlinear atmosphericpropagation. Inter-disciplinary aspects, with links to atmospheric and geo-sciences will be outlined.
Detailed description of the source is very dependant on its nature. Mobile supersonic sources canbe rotating (fan blades of aircraft engines) or in translation (meteors, sonic boom). Mach numbers
range from 1 to more than 40. Detailed knowledge of geometry is critical for the processes of boom
minimization and audible frequency spectrum of BSN. Sources of geophysical nature are poorly
known, and various mechanisms for explaining infrasound recorded from meteors or thunderstorms
have been proposed. Comparison between recorded data and modelling may be one way todiscriminate between them. Moreover, the nearfield of these sources is frequently beyond the limitsof acoustical approximation, or too complex for simple modelling. A proper numerical description
hence requires specific matching procedures between nearfield behaviour and farfield propagation.
Nonlinear propagation in the atmosphere is dominated by temperature and wind stratification.
Ray theory is an efficient way to analyze observations, but is invalid in various situations. Nonlinear
effects are enhanced locally at caustics, or in case of grazing propagation over a rigid surface,with specific self-similar laws. Absorption, which controls mostly the high frequency part of thespectrum contained within shocks, is controlled by humidity, cloudiness or surface properties.
Variability is large at all scales, and depends simultaneously on climate, daily meteorology, and local
turbulent state, especially near the ground in the planetary boundary layer. Numerous features ofoutdoor propagation remain to be explored in the nonlinear case, such as complex 3D atmosphericdescription (role of turbulence, partial reflections, gravity waves) or topography (mountains, street
canyons).

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May 21 (Mon)

Invited Lecture

May 21 (Mon)

1p A08.
Derivation of exact solutions of the inhomogeneous Burgers equation
using the Darboux transformations
Oleg Sapozhnikov1, Andrey Kudryavtsev2
1

Department of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Russia,
Institute of Applied Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

2

The inhomogeneous Burgers equation (BE) governs one-dimensional propagation of finite-amplitude acoustic waves
in dissipative media in the presence of sources. A possible approach to analyze the solutions of such an equation is tocombine two effective mathematical methods, namely the Cole-Hopf and Darboux transformations. The Cole-Hopf
transformation relates solutions of the inhomogeneous BE with those of the linear diffusivity equation containing
a perfusion term. The Darboux transformation relates solutions of two inhomogeneous BEs having different source
functions. In this paper a method based on a combination of the Cole-Hopf and Darboux transformations is applied
to the inhomogeneous Burgers equation (BE) to derive exact solutions for the upstream propagation of an acoustic
wave in nozzles. Applying the first-order Darboux transformation to the homogeneous BE yields an inhomogeneous
BE corresponding to near-sonic flow in a de Laval nozzle. From this transformation, the amount of nozzle narrowing
is related to a specific value of medium viscosity. Based on the known exact solution of the homogeneous BE, all thepossible stationary solutions are obtained for the resulting inhomogeneous BE. Transient behaviors of several typicalnonsteady flows are also analyzed. In addition, an algorithm for the multi-order Darboux transformation is built thatmakes it possible to increase the amount of nozzle narrowing without changing the medium viscosity. It appears
that such an approach gives rise to a discrete set of possible nozzle narrowings for which exact solutions of theinhomogeneous BE can be obtained. Using Crum’s theorem, exact solutions of the inhomogeneous BE can be expressed
based on the solutions of the classical homogeneous diffusion equation. Work supported by the RFBR.

1p A09.
On the evolution of a spherical short pulse in nonlinear acoustics
Bengt O. Enflo1, Claes M. Hedberg2
1

Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 2Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden

Wave propagation in nonlinear acoustics is modeled by Burgers’ equation or its generalizations or modifications. In thecase of a quadratic nonlinearity spherical wave propagation is modeled by a generalized Burgers’ equation, in which
the dissipative parameter of the plane wave Burgers’ equation is replaced by an exponentially growing function of thevariable symbolizing the travelled length of the wave. A procedure previously used in 1998 by B.O. Enflo on cylindricalshort pulses is now used on spherical short pulses, which are originally N-waves. The procedure consists of the four
steps: 1) The original N-wave implies a shock solution of the generalized Burgers’ equation. The shock fades in the region
where the nonlinear term in the equation can be neglected. 2) The linear equation in step 1) is rescaled and solved by an
integral representation containing an unknown function. 3) The integral representation found in step 2) is evaluated by
the steepest descent method in the fading shock region introduced in step 1). The unknown function introduced in step2) is determined by comparing the result of this evaluation with the fading shock solution found in step 1). 4) The integral
representation with the unknown function determined is evaluated approximately asymptotically for large values ofthe original length and time variables in the original Burgers’ generalized equation (old-age regime). The result of thisprocedure is an old-age solution somewhat different from the one presented in 1979 by D.G. Crighton and J.F. Scott. The
present solution is controlled by numerical calculations.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Yury Nikolaevich Makov

Moscow State University, Department of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Russia
Contrary to common opinion on "the big abyss" between methods of the solving and solutions themselves of theclassical linear wave equation (it is considered that about these all is known practically) and special non-trivial methodsof finding of solutions for the nonlinear acoustical equations, this report demonstrates the general (regular) technique of
use of “relatively undistorted wave” anzats (R. Courant and D. Hilbert) for finding of new physically intelligent analyticalsolutions of all mentioned equations. It must be emphasized that this technique uses successfully for finding of new
solutions of the classical linear wave equation during more then twenty years but all solutions are found only from theclass of nondispersive wave solutions (in conception of Courant and Hilbert). In the report the special attention is given touse of “relatively undistorted wave” anzats for the class of dispersive wave solutions. Not only the new solutions from thisclass are found for linear wave equation but also “paved the way” to nonlinear acoustics. There is good physical validity
for successful use of the relatively undistorted wave anzats (with little modification in its form and application method)in the finding of new exact analytical solutions for all basic model nonlinear acoustic equations in addition to the active
traditional “exploitation” of this anzats for classical linear wave equation. Indeed, in nonlinear acoustics under the absenceof dispersion the propagation of one-dimensional (in space) wave or a spatially localized wave structure (e.g., a beam) is
accompanied by transformation of the wave profile (time profile). In the general case, this transformation has a complex
character (e.g., transformation of a sinusoid into a saw-tooth profile), but there can be certain types of profiles thattransform according to a simpler law reflecting only their variations in scale in the case when they retain their specificforms that describe the desired solution in the form of a relatively undistorted wave. The simplest and very well known
example of this situation is a periodic saw-tooth solution to the equation of a simple wave with a profile that retains its
form during propagation. However, in this case, their peak values decrease; i.e., this profile is relatively undistorted. In
report this idea is evolved and some exact solutions of all types of nonlinear acoustics equations are found.

1p B08.
Nonlinear and dispersive effects in the propagation of afinite-amplitude sound wave in a waveguide
Pablo Luis Rendon

CCADET, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
The problem of large-amplitude waves propagating in a waveguide with rigid walls and nonrectangular cross-section isconsidered. In these circumstances, dispersive behaviour of the individual modes of linear theory is expected, and canbe shown to occur through the use of asymptotic expansions. The leading term of these expansions will correspond to
the results of linear theory, and subsequent terms will represent finite-amplitude corrections to this term. In this paper,the method of multiple scales is used to arrive at equations which describe the joint effect of nonlinear and dispersive
mechanisms at large distances for nonplanar modes of propagation. These equations can be considered as model
equations which include the required effects and have the correct limiting forms. These equations are then also solved
numerically in order to validate the asymptotic results.

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May 21 (Mon)

1p A10.
Whether there can be something general between methods ofclassical linear wave equation solving and a finding of analyticalsolutions of nonlinear acoustical equations?

May 21 (Mon)

1p B09.
Peculiarities of shocks forming in high intensity acoustic beams in thepresence of soft boundary at interaction area
Dmitry A Kasyanov1, Mikhail S Deriabin1, Vasily V Kurin2
1

Radiophysical Research Institute, Russia, 2Nizhny Novgorod State University, Russia

Results are discussed in the paper of laboratory investigating of profile spatial changing and spectrum evolution ofhigh intensity pump wave after reflection from soft boundary. It is considered the case of powerful acoustic beam
normal incidence to water-air interface. We used piston piezoceramic acoustic radiator and pulsed regime of radiation.
Power amplifier “Amplifier Research 800A3” was utilized as pumping source. Operating frequency was 1 MHz, pulse
duration – 20 μs. Experiments were conducted under changing of filling factor conditions. It needs for evaluation ofsoft boundary nonstationarity arising due to high-power pulse impact. Acoustic source – to – soft boundary distanceapproximately meets last diffraction maximum coordinate of acoustic field axial distribution at pumping frequency.
Pressure amplitude of falling to boundary wave reached 2.5 MPa. Intensity of acoustic field was chosen in such a way as
to continue nonlinear wave interaction after reflection. Miniature-type hydrophone (Precision acoustics, type HPM04/1)
was used for nonlinear waveform recording at arbitrary point of reflected beam. Active element size of the hydrophone
is 0.04mm, so it provided proper analysis about 20 harmonics of recording acoustic signal. Harmonic reflection from soft
boundary approaches the antiphased reflection which results in peculiarities of further harmonics interaction. This fact
exerts determinative influence on subsequent nonlinear waves forming and one can observe noticeable nonmonotony
for harmonic amplitudes decrease according to its numbers. Reflected from soft boundary nonlinear wave has shockprofile where negative phase considerably exceeds positive one. The amplitude of negative half-period exceeded 2 MPain immediate proximity to reflective boundary, it is fore times more then amplitude of positive half-period approximately.
Further waveform transformation in restricted beam leads to forming specific kind of shock. Formed after reflection shockis narrower than the shock in falling wave. Subsequent dynamics of waveform and spectrum of reflected nonlinear wave
is also discussed in paper.

1p B10.
Nonlinear shear visco-elastic properties of liquids
Bair Damdinov, Dagzama Makarova, Tuyana Dembelova, Badma Badmaev
Buryat scientific center of RAS, Russia

The shear modules and effective viscosities of liquids were measured by acoustical resonance method at ultrasonicfrequencies. Two ways of the measurement that gave the agreement results were realized. The method is based on theshifts of resonance frequency of a sensor in contact with the liquid. The sensor is the piezoelectric quartz bonded to aliquid layer covered by cover-plate. The process determines parameters of the resonance curve of piezoquartz which arechanged in depending on the liquid layer thickness. The method allows to measure real and imaginary shear modules
and tangent of mechanical loss angle. Experimental determination of dynamic shear properties of a series of usual andpolymer liquids is presented as an example of the method. It is shown that the measured values of effective viscosityof liquids much more tabular values. We measure dependence of shear visco-elastic properties of liquids on amplitudeof piezoquartz oscillation. It is shown that effective viscosity of liquids has high value at small amplitudes and decrease
with amplitude increasing. We suggested that liquids have a structure at small shear deformation which breaks with
deformation increasing. Supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (08-02-98008r_sibir_a and 09-02-00748a).

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Kiran Shanker

Physics Dept-CMP College,University of Allahabad, India
The nonlinearity parameter B/A plays a significant role in Nonlinear Acoustics and its determination in various liquids
and organic materials is of growing interest in several fields ranging from Underwater Acoustics to Medical Ultrasonics.
In the present study, the nonlinearity B/A has been determined for Eugenol and n-Butanol at 303 K under extreme
conditions of pressure ranging from 0.001 to 4.983 kPa using the thermodynamic using the thermodynamic method.
The values of B/A obtained in the present method have been used to obtain the scattered Beam Pressure, which are ingood agreement with those obtained by Beyer and Coppens et al. In fact, the interaction between two sound waves
of finite amplitude becomes a problem of considerable interest because of the failure of the superposition principle innonlinear phenomena. Such a problem poses special difficulties on both the theoretical and experimental sides. The
Pressure in the scattered field expressed in the form of an integral over the interaction region when integrated resulted
in terms corresponding to the sum and difference frequencies of the original sound beam. Subsequently the scatteredintensity at some distance and angle from the source was derived while an experimental verification was also carried out
by Bellin and Beyer. The nonlinearity parameter B/A can also be determined from alternative methods such as the one
based on Tong and Dong equation with Flory’s Statistical theory or the technique used by Shigemi Saito et al. However,
the Thermodynamic method used in the present work has yielded results which are in agreement with experiment.
These observations suggest the use of the nonlinearity parameter B/A in tissue characterization and gives information
about structure and interaction in such systems. It is shown that a high frequency oscillation is all that is needed for thedetermination of B/A.

1p C09.
Validation of planar wave incidence technique for measurement oftransmission-loss
Koichi Mori, Yoshiaki Nakamura

Department of Aerospace Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
A simple technique is proposed to measure the transmission loss through single-leaf and multiple-leaf panels. The
present technique uses two anechoic rooms to simulate the free acoustic field. Different from the conventional
methods, the incident angle, the sound pressure distribution, and the spectral distribution of the incident sound waves
can be changed arbitrarily. In the experiment, a panel is installed in between two anechoic rooms. The intensity of thetransmitted waves is measured in the receiving room. The transmission loss measurements are completed for different
materials. The results are used to verify the conventional analyses.

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May 21 (Mon)

1p C08.
Nonlinearity parameter B/A and scattering of sound by soundMay 21 (Mon)

1p C10.
Acoustic micromanipulation in a microchannel
Teruyuki Kozuka1, Kyuichi Yasui1, Shin-ichi Hatanaka2
1
2

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan,
The University of Electro-Communications, Japan

Noncontact micromanipulation technique is needed in micromachine technology, biotechnology and so on. The
radiation pressure of ultrasound may be used for this purpose. In the present paper, a standing wave field is generated ina microchannel with a geometric space, it is possible to trap small objects at nodes of the sound pressure distribution in
the medium. A microchannel of 1 mm x 50 mm x 1 mm was made at the center on a glass plate of 50 mm x 50 mm x 5
mm. Furthermore, a geometric space was added in the center of the microchannel. A transducer of PZT is connected on
the end of the glass plate. The sound wave should be transmitted into the microchannel through the glass plate. In theexperiment, when the liquid water containing alumina particles was injected into the microchannel, the particles flowed
along several layers in the flat microchannel. It was shown that the traveling wave was transmitted into the microchannel
and the standing wave field was formed in the microchannel. In the geometric region, the particles were agglomerated
in a geometric pattern. However, when the geometric pattern was triangle, the particles moved towards the top of thetriangle from the base. Moreover, when the triangle pattern was reversed, the particles moved in the reverse direction. A
sound field was numerically calculated by FEM method under the experimental condition and the experimental results
were discussed.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Invited Paper

2a A01.
A sonic boom propagation model including mean flow atmosphericeffects
Joe Salamone, Victor Sparrow

This paper presents a time domain formulation of nonlinear lossy propagation in one-dimension that also includes
the effects of non-collinear mean flow in the acoustic medium. The model equation utilized is an augmented Burgers
equation that includes the effects of nonlinearity, geometric spreading, atmospheric stratification, and also absorption
and dispersion due to thermoviscous and molecular relaxation effects. All elements of the propagation are implemented
in the time domain and the effects of non-collinear mean flow are accounted for in each term of the model equation.
Previous authors have presented methods limited to showing the effects of wind on ray tracing and/or using an effective
speed of sound in their model equation. The present work includes the effects of mean flow for all terms included in
the augmented Burgers equation with all of the calculations performed in the time-domain. The capability to include
the effects of mean flow in the acoustic medium allows one to make predictions more representative of real-world
atmospheric conditions. Examples are presented for nonlinear propagation of N-waves and shaped sonic booms. [Worksupported by Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation.]

2a A03.
Numerical simulations for sonic boom propagation through an
inhomogenous atmosphere with winds
Masafumi Yamamoto1, Atsushi Hashimoto2, Takashi Takahashi2, Tomoo Kamakura3,
Takeharu Sakai41

Research Center of Computational Mechanics, Inc., Japan,
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan, 3University of Electro-Communications, Japan,
4
Nagoya University, Japan
2

Noise annoyance due to sonic boom is one of the serious problems for development of next-generation supersonictransport. To decrease this sonic boom noise, the design and analysis techniques are developed at Japan Aerospace
eXploration Agency (JAXA). To predict the sonic boom on the ground accurately, we have developed a numerical code
(Xnoise) using the augmented Burgers equation combined with the ray tracing. In this method, effects of nonlinearity,
geometrical spreading, inhomogeneity of atmosphere, thermoviscous attenuation, molecular vibration relaxation andwinds are taken into account. This method gives an estimation of the rise times of ground signatures without resortingto the weak shock theory and area balancing techniques. The nonlinear term is evaluated by the finite difference scheme
in this method. In ray-path calculation, an explicit updating methodology is adopted. The augmented Burgers equation
is numerically solved by using the operator split method entirely in the time domain. As for the effects of nonlinearity,
geometrical spreading, and atmospheric inhomogeneity, the result obtained with the augmented Burgers equationagrees well with that obtained with the waveform parameter method (Thomas’ method). For the effects of absorption
and dispersion, the calculation based on the augmented Burgers equation is verified by comparing with a detailed onedimensional CFD analysis. Moreover, we show calculations which account the effect of winds on the propagation of asonic boom. The validation of model is a future work.

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May 22 (Tue)Pennsylvania State University, United States2a A04.
Infrasound propagation in realistic atmosphere using nonlinear ray
theoryPhilippe Blanc-Benon1, Olaf Gainville2, Julian Scott1
1

CNRS, LMFA UMR 5509, Ecole centrale de lyon, France, 2CEA, DAM, DIF, France

May 22 (Tue)Using ray theory, long range propagation of infrasound through the atmosphere is modeled in the framework of theComprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. In atmospheric propagation, the high frequency hypothesis is based on theassumption that space and time scales of atmospheric properties (temperature, wind, density) are much larger thanacoustic wave scales. An operational 3D nonlinear ray tracing code is developed to compute the temporal pressure
signature at receivers. The global pressure signature at the receiver is the sum of eigenray contributions that link thesource to the receiver. They are obtained by solving a generalized Burgers' equation along each eigenray taking into
account nonlinear effects, shear and bulk viscosity absorption and molecular vibrational relaxation mechanisms. Thisequation is solved using a Fourier Galerkin spectral scheme. Specific developments are performed to pass throughcaustics and take into account ground reflection. The propagation of infrasound emitted by a motionless point source
in a realistic atmosphere will illustrate the analysis. To quantify the validity limits of our approach, we investigate effectsof the wind, atmospheric absorption, nonlinearities, refraction and scattering by small atmospheric scales on observed
phase kinds, their travel time and their waveform. To estimate the nonlinearity effects relative to the linear dissipative
effects we evaluate the Gol'dberg number. We note that nonlinear mechanisms are important to model the evolutionof infrasonic waveform signatures. The 'N' and the 'U' measured waveform shape of, respectively, thermospheric andstratospheric paths are associated with nonlinear mechanisms. Nonlinearities are weak but the development of nonlinear
models is necessary in order to characterize the source yield. Comparisons will be made with results available in theliterature.

2a A05.
Numerical and asymptotic solutions of generalised Burgers equation
John Michael Schofield, Paul William Hammerton
University of East Anglia, United Kingdom

The model equation governing the balance of nonlinearity, thermoviscous diffusion and geometric spreading is related
to Burgers equation. With a suitable change of variables, this can be re-expressed as the standard Burgers equation but
with a range-dependent viscosity parameter. While the one-dimensional equation can be solved exactly using the ColeHopf transformation, no such approach exists for the two- and three-dimensional spreading that is more relevant tononlinear atmospheric propagation. For most situations of interest, the non-dimensional viscosity parameter is small.
Crighton and co-workers developed innovative asymptotic methods to describe the evolution of narrow shock regions
and their eventual breakdown. Three possible breakdowns occur: (i) when the shock centre is displaced by an order one
amount; (ii) when the shock region becomes relatively wide; and (iii) when the Taylor shock solution is no longer valid
as the leading order description of the shock. For plane, cylindrical and spherical spreading the breakdown occurs in
different ways [1]. While the long-range asymptotic form has been validated numerically using pseudo-spectral schemes,
the intricate asymptotic breakdowns within the shock have not previously been investigated due to resolution problems.
In the present paper, the position of the shock centre is located using weak-shock theory, then a finite-difference schemewith variable mesh is used, allowing fine resolution in the region tracking the shock. The asymptotic predictions of
Crighton are validated by the numerical results. This numerical approach also provides sufficient accuracy in the shock
region to compare with the analysis of Enflo, who demonstrated how the fading tail of a shock influences the main shock
structure. Finally, a similar approach combining weak shock theory and numerical solution is applied to propagation
involving molecular relaxation (an important mechanism in atmospheric propagation), including the effect of climatic
variation and stratification. [1] Crighton & Scott (1979), Asymptotic solutions of model equations in nonlinear acoustics,
Proc. Roy Soc. Lond. (A 292), pp 101-134.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

2a B02.
Nonlinear modeling of 3D ultrasound fields of HIFU arrays
Petr V Yuldashev1,2, Vera A Khokhlova1,3

Moscow State University, Russia, 2Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France, 3University of Washington, United States

A current trend in HIFU technologies is to use 2D focused phased arrays that enable electronic steering of the focus,
formation of patterns of multiple foci, and beam forming to avoid overheating of obstacles (such as ribs) on the way tothe focus. Phased arrays can be also used to improve focusing through inhomogeneities of soft tissue using time reversal
methods and to track a treatment region that moves due to respiration. In many HIFU applications, the acoustic intensity
in situ can reach thousands of W/cm2 leading to nonlinear propagation effects. At high power outputs, shock fronts
develop in the focal region and significantly alter the therapeutic effect of HIFU.
Numerical modeling has been proven to be an important tool to characterize HIFU fields and to predict corresponding
biological effects in tissue. Nonlinear effects including formation of shocks have been studied in detail for axiallysymmetric focused beams. However, no results have been reported yet for three-dimensional fields of multi-element
HIFU arrays in the presence of shocks. Several difficulties are combined in this problem: the complex diffraction structureof the near field and large focusing angles require implementation of accurate diffraction models and fine spatial grid;strong nonlinear effects require a large number of harmonics included in simulations or a fine temporal grid. Simulations
in a three-dimensional geometry with account for shock fronts require significant volume of RAM and computer timeexceeding the capabilities of modern SMP computers.
In this paper, a novel numerical algorithm based on the Westervelt equation was developed to enable modeling of
three-dimensional nonlinear fields of arrays. A varying number of harmonics was employed in the algorithm and aparallel computation model for SMP computers was implemented resulting in significant acceleration of calculations.
To demonstrate the capabilities of the algorithm, simulations were performed for a 1.2 MHz array consisting of 256
elements, randomly distributed on a spherical cup of 68 mm radius and 120 mm focal distance. Acoustic intensity near
the elements varied up to 10 W/cm2. Waveforms in the focus and peak positive and negative pressures along propagation
axis and in the focal plane were analyzed. The results showed that shock fronts were present in a focal waveform atclinically relevant outputs. [Work supported by NIH EB007643, RFBR 09-02-01530 and 10-02-91062-PICS].

2a B03.
Effective bandwidth extension by combined harmonics
Gregory Thomas Clement1,2, Hideyuki Nomura2, Hideo Adachi2, Tomoo Kamakura2
1

Harvard Medical School, United States, 2University of Electro-Communications, Japan

Originating from signal compression techniques in radar, a wide range of ultrasound encoded excitation approaches
have been developed for increasing signal strength. These techniques have been extended to nonlinear applications
by isolating higher harmonic signal components, thus offering higher signal-to-noise ratios along with the harmonic's
increased radial focusing abilities and a potentially broader bandwidth relative to the fundamental. Unfortunately, suchtechniques can suffer artifacts caused by overlap between the harmonics. We have been investigating an alternative
approach to nonlinear compression that combines the fundamental and higher harmonics, effectively treating them asa single band. This extended bandwidth permits a significant increase in the ability to compress a signal. Successfully
implemented, the method would permit enhanced image resolution while benefiting from the increased SNR offeredby encoding. Pulse-inverted sum and difference signals are first used to isolate even and odd harmonics. Matchedfilters specific to the source geometry and the transmit signal are then separately applied to each harmonic band.
Verification experiments are performed using up the third harmonic resulting from an underwater chirp excitation.
Analysis of signal peaks after scattering indicates increased compression using the extended bandwidth as compared tostandard fundamental and 2nd-harmonic chirp compression. Further optimization of the compression by altering thetransmission signal is also investigated. Overall, results establish the feasibility of extended bandwidth signal compression
for simultaneously increasing SNR and signal resolution.

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May 22 (Tue)12a B04.
Linearization strategies for the iterative nonlinear contrast source
method for full-wave simulation of nonlinear ultrasound fields
Martin D Verweij, Libertario Demi, Koen WA van Dongen

Laboratory of Acoustical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands

May 22 (Tue)Improvement of the image quality and enhancement of the possibilities of medical echography may be achieved througha better exploitation of the features of nonlinear ultrasound. As a result, research on nonlinear ultrasound has increased
over the last decade and has lead to the development of various methods for the simulation of nonlinear acoustic
wavefields. However, the majority of these methods either cannot deal with wide-angle phenomena (grating lobes) andbackscattering, or have difficulties with computational volumes that measure many wavelengths. The Iterative Nonlinear
Contrast Source (INCS) method has been developed to overcome these restrictions. In its original form, it is a full-wave
method that is able to accurately compute the nonlinear, wide-angle pressure field of an arbitrary transducer radiating
in a large, homogeneous, three-dimensional spatial domain. The method is based on the lossless Westervelt equation.
Under the assumption of weak to moderate nonlinearity, the nonlinear term is considered to represent a distributed
contrast source that operates in a linear and homogeneous background medium, thereby generating the nonlinear
part of the total wave field. The latter is obtained by casting the problem into an integral equation form, and solving thisusing the Neumann iterative solution. Each iteration step involves the spatiotemporal convolution of the background
Green’s function with an estimate of the contrast source. Appropriate filtering provides accurate field predictions for a
discretization of only two points per smallest wavelength or period. The contrast source approach is very versatile, andrecently the INCS method has been extended to include spatially dependent tissue attenuation. However, such extensions
may lead to a deterioration of the convergence of the Neumann iterative solution. To improve the efficiency of the INCS
method under these circumstances, we currently present some linearization strategies for this method. Linearization
opens the way to employ more efficient methods (e.g. gradient methods) to solve the contrast source problem. To test
the proposed strategies, a Bi-CGSTAB scheme is used for the solution of a problem involving spatially inhomogeneous
attenuation. One-dimensional results have been computed, and these have been compared with the solution obtainedwith the original INCS method. To further show the performance of the linearized INCS method, three-dimensional results
have been obtained for unsteered and steered beams in lossless and lossy media. These results show that the INCS method
is steadily growing into an efficient tool for the simulation of nonlinear ultrasound fields in realistic biomedical tissues.

2a B05.
Coded excitation in detection of polymer-shelled ultrasound contrast
agents: in vitro study
Veera Venkata Satya Narayana Kothapalli1, Dmitry Grishenkov1, Gaio Paradossi2,
Lars-Ake Brodin1
1

Medical Engineering, School of Technology and Health, KTH,Alfred Nobels Allé 10, SE-14152 Huddinge,
Stockholm, Sweden, 2Diapartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
A novel ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) based on air-filled polymer-shelled microbubbles, is prepared within 3MiCRON project for
multimodality approach covering ultrasound, MRI and SPECT investigation. These bubbles have thick, about 30% of the radius, shell providing
greater stability and longer half life in a pulmonary circulation compare to commercially available phospholipid UCAs. In addition, extensive
storage capacity and possibility to incorporate drugs or pharmacological relevant materials are inherited to these bubbles.
Understanding the behavior of the UCA under ultrasound exposure is paramount to the proper and total exploitation of all unique featuresthat these gas-filled microdevice offers. Even though, thickness of the polymeric shell is considerably higher than of commercial UCAs, theenhancement of backscattered power of about 25 dB produced from suspension insonified at low pressure (100 kPa) was observed. It should
be noted that thick polymer shell could still be disrupted by high pressure (1 MPa) ultrasonic pulse. Nevertheless, diagnostic imaging typicallyutilizes the intermediate pressure level, where nonlinear oscillation of the microbubbles give rise to harmonic component in the received echo.
It was observed that at pressure level of 400 kPa, Pulse Inversion (PI) technique fail to distinguish between the regions filled with polymer UCA
and surrounding ultrasound phantom, mimicking liver tissue.
In this paper coded excitation technique is proposed to characterize the non-linear properties of the polymer-shelled microbubbles in vitro
at intermediate pressure. For a decade ago, coded excitation technique has been adopted into the ultrasound scanners in order to increase
the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and penetration depth, while matching filters compensates the decrease in axial resolution. In the proposed
method, a time domain signal is modulated by a several window functions (e.g. Blackman-Harries, Hanning, Hamming, and Kaiser-Bessel) withor without linear chirp pulses constructed for experiments in vitro.
Our preliminary results suggest that coded excitation technique offers an increase of approximately 15dB in CTR and 10dB in SNR comparedto the result achieved from a commercially available Pulse Inversion technique.
In conclusion, proposed polymer-shelled microbubbles provide a viable system to be used among the next generation of UCAs, and incombination with improved signal handling is superior not only in image enhancement relevant to diagnostics but also in localized andspecific drug delivery for non-invasive therapy.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

2a C02.
Localization and interaction of small inclusions with phasetransformations in acoustic field
Vladimir A. Bulanov

Phase inclusions (PI) occupy various positions in a sound field depending on a relation between density andcompressibility both of inclusions and fluids. The most known case is a behaviour of bubbles in the field of a standing
wave. For bubbles it is important the relation between sound frequency and resonant frequency of bubbles, so asmall bubbles with a resonant frequency of more then a sound frequency are localized in pressure crests while large
bubbles are thrown out from fields with large pressure and they are agglomerated in pressure knots. Solid particles
with a density more then a fluid density and with a small compressibility in comparison with a fluid compressibility are
localized in pressure knots, i.e. behave like large above resonance bubbles. Such pattern sharply becomes complicatedin the presence of phase transformations. The solution of a problem on localization PI in a sound field in the presenceof phase transformations is obtained. It is shown, that the change of localization place in ultrasonic wave depends on
radius PI and sound frequency. The matter is that in the presence of phase transformations along with the contribution
to effective compressibility of purely mechanical effects it is important as well a mass transfer leading to additional
compressibility which sharply changes a habitual pattern of PI behaviour in external field of pressure. For small PI such
additional compressibility can exceed the adiabatic compressibility PI considerably. It is shown that this circumstancecan lead to change of a place of PI arrangement by ultrasonic field depending on their size and sound frequency.
Essential dependence of a localization place on the size of crystallization centers can be taken as a base of guidance fordecomposition of structure of solid crystallizing in an ultrasonic field. In addition it is shown, that forces of interaction
between crystallization centers (Bjerkness forces) sharply increase in comparison with a case of solid particles withoutphase transformations. It is necessary to pay attention that due to phase transformations the existence of the negative
sign of real part for complex value of compressibility leads to appearance of repulsion forces between PI of various sizes
instead of usual attractive forces characteristic for PI without mass transfer.

2a C03.
Ultrafast solitons measurement in crystalline semiconductor wafers
by femtosecond laser ultrasonics
Nicolas Chuecos, Émmanuel Péronne, Bernard Perrin

Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS UMR 7588 - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France
Nonlinear acoustics manifestations occur daily in a wide range of natural, industrial and research contexts. At highfrequencies, it allows reliable Non-Destructive Testing, making it a well-spread tool, especially in medical diagnosis ormaterial sciences, for the characterization of various types of materials. In most cases, resolution is limited by the diffraction,i.e. the wavelength used for the measure. Consequently, if one wants to image nanostructures in semiconductors forexample, one needs to generate frequencies close to 1 terahertz, which is well above any transducer’s reach. In thisexperiment, we show how the absorption of a femtosecond laser pulse in a thin metallic film acting as a transducer can
generate a short longitudinal strain pulse which propagates with strong nonlinearity at high enough laser fluence. Suchpropagation is well described in crystals by a Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation, which simplifies into the Kortewegde-Vries (KDV) equation when diffraction is negligible. This equation is well known for having solitons as solutions, which
exhibit very particular properties well described by the inverse scattering approach. The strength of this time-resolved
pump-probe set-up relies in its sensitivity to frequencies up to the terahertz and capability to study properties of ultra-thinlayers of various materials on a wide range of temperatures and input fluences. This versatility is illustrated by showing how
we can independently tune the different terms in the KP equation such that non-linearity, absorption or diffraction canbe neglected. We report how the nonlinearity and dispersion interaction modifies the initial acoustic spectrum and how
solitons appear after propagation through the sample. We checked experimentally that, when KdV equation holds, theinitial conditions (initial strain pulse, transducer nature, laser pulse properties, etc.) greatly influence the solitons distribution
in the same way as bound states determine a potential quantum well. Specifically, how the transducer’s nature influences
the solitons properties after propagation through a thick crystalline substrate (0.350 to 1 mm) and what it tells about
nonlinear strain generation. In a nonlinear acoustics experiment where inverse propagation simulation is tedious, we
extract by mean of a pump-probe set-up reliable data on these initial conditions. In other words, the unique properties ofsolitons and the analysis of their distribution lead to the experimental determination of the pump-generated strain profile.
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May 22 (Tue)V.I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

2a C04.
Low-frequency intrinsic localized modes in a spatially periodic andarticulated structure of rigid members with elastic supports
Yosuke Watanabe, Sojiro Awata, Nobumasa Sugimoto
Osaka University, JapanMay 22 (Tue)This paper examines localized, flexural oscillations of an articulated structure consisting of identical, rigid membersconnected with neighboring ones through a coupler giving nonlinear restoring moment. The structure is elasticallysupported by springs at the center of mass of each member which is straight and uniform in density. Each member issubject to displacement in a plane from the straight position. It is supposed that the coupler gives a restoring torqueproportional to a cubic function of difference in angle between two adjacent members on top of the linear torque, while
the elastic support gives a restoring force linearly to yield a passing band in frequency. Numerical solutions are sought to
the governing equations with free boundary conditions at both ends of the structure and appropriate initial conditions.
They show existence of time-periodic localized oscillations, intrinsic localized modes (ILMs), which emerge due to thenonlinearity and spatial discreteness of the system. It is revealed that the ILMs oscillating at a frequency occur lower
than the passing band in contrast to the quasi-periodic ones appearing above the band. It is also revealed that for a hardresorting torque, excitations of the ILMs are restricted within a narrow range in a parameter plane between nonlinearity
and stiffness of the support.

2a C05.
A study on bifurcations and structure of phase space concerning
intrinsic localized modes in a nonlinear magneto-mechanical lattice
Masayuki Kimura1, Takashi Hikihara2
1

The University of Shiga Prefecture, Japan, 2Kyoto University, Japan

Intrinsic localized mode (ILM) is a kind of spatially localized waves in nonlinear lattice. Since ILM has theoretically been
discovered by A. J. Sievers and S. Takeno in 1988, ILM is investigated theoretically as well as numerically for many of nonlinear
lattices. In this decade, several experimental systems in which ILM can exist and even travel have been reported, for instance,
Josephson-junction arrays, optic wave guides, micro-mechanical cantilever array and electronic circuits. Those experimental
results allow us to expect applications of ILM for practical engineering. However there remain numerous questions
associated with how ILM travels in lattice. The aim of this research is to clarify the mechanism of the traveling and to establish
the control scheme for ILM. The nonlinear magneto-mechanical lattice proposed in this paper is also an experimental system
for investigating the dynamics of ILM. The lattice consists of nonlinear magneto-mechanical oscillators, an elastic couplingrod, and an exciter vibrating the whole system. In the system, ILM was successfully observed. Due to sensors attached tooscillators, the displacement of each oscillator can individually be measured. This allows us to obtain the complete waveformof ILM and to compare precisely with numerical simulations. In addition, the strength of nonlinearity for each site is designed
to adjustable in time. An excited ILM can move to the neighboring site by varying the nonlinearity at the site. The proposedsystem thus enables us to investigate experimentally the dynamics of ILM. The motion of nonlinear oscillators is describedby a coupled ordinary differential equation. Because each oscillator consists of an elastic beam and magnets, the EulerBernoulli beam theory and static magnetism are applied for modeling the system. By numerically integrating the equation,
ILM is obtained as a temporally periodic solution in the same conditions as the experiment. The obtained ILM has almost thesame waveform as the experimentally observed ILM. It implies that the obtained model is precise enough to discuss ILM bynumerical simulations. By using the mathematical model, bifurcations and the phase structure around ILM are numericallyinvestigated. In particular, the relationship between invariant manifolds of unstable ILMs and the behavior of traveling ILMs
is clarified. That is, it is revealed that the phase structure around unstable ILMs governs the onset of traveling ILMs. We will
discuss the details of the phase structure concerning traveling ILM and will mention bifurcations of coexisting ILMs.
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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Invited Lecture

2a L3.
Nonlinear aspects of modern ultrasound applications inmedicine
Vera A. Khokhlova1,2
1

Medical ultrasound is an exciting example of modern science and technology where fundamental
nonlinear phenomena have found successful applications and continue to play a critical role indevelopment of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods. In this paper, an overview of current
nonlinear-based medical technologies is presented. The benefits of utilizing nonlinear effects,
physical mechanisms of the interaction of ultrasound and shock waves with biological tissues, andthe results of recent experimental and numerical studies are discussed.
In diagnostics, the methods based on nonlinear wave propagation (THI - tissue harmonic imaging),
nonlinear scattering (CHI - contrast harmonic imaging), and energy transfer to different acoustic
modes (SWEI - shear wave elasticity imaging) have substantially improved the capabilities ofdiagnostic imaging. In extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), a method to comminute kidneystones by focused shock waves, nonlinear propagation effects determine pressure waveform in the
focal region and thus mechanical effect on the stones, cavitation, and tissue injury around the stone.
Shock waves are currently used in newer therapies to treat sites of chronic pain, bone fractures andnon-unions, and to accelerate chronic wound healing.
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is used to locally deposit the acoustic energy within
the body, which can cause thermal necrosis of tissue (tumor treatment), stop bleeding (acoustic
hemostasis), or enhance drug delivery. Nonlinear propagation effects during HIFU exposures can leadto formation of shocked waveforms at the focus. Extremely high heat deposition due to absorption
at the shocks results in rapid initiation of localized boiling in tissues that dramatically changes thetreatments. There has been also a significant interest to use HIFU to generate purely mechanicaldisruption of tissue without thermal coagulation. In this approach, called “histotripsy”, high amplitude
microsecond-long pulses of shocks generate a cavitation bubble cloud in tissue. The exposures are at
low duty cycles to sustain the cloud but to avoid thermal effects. Recently it has been shown that adifferent approach using longer, millisecond bursts of ultrasound shock waves and repeated localizedboiling can be used to induce similar mechanical ablation of soft tissue.
Although ESWL and HIFU methods have been proven to be successful in clinical practice, thephysical and biological mechanisms of nonlinear wave interaction with concretions, bones, andsoft tissues still remain unclear. An improved understanding of nonlinear wave propagation andinteraction with tissue is essential to further advance medical ultrasound.
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May 22 (Tue)Dept. of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow
119991, Russia,
2
Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University ofWashington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA

2p A06.
Sound propagation in saturated gas-vapor-droplet mixtures with
evaporation and nonlinear particle relaxation
Max Kandula

ESC - Team QNA, United States

May 22 (Tue)The effect of nonlinear particle relaxation on sound propagation (attenuation and dispersion) in evaporating gas-vapordroplet mixtures initially in equilibrium (saturated) has been theoretically investigated. The analysis is based on an
extension of the linear theory of Davidson (J. Atm. Sci., 1975) to accommodate the effects of nonlinear particle relaxation
processes of mass, momentum and energy transfer on sound attenuation and dispersion. The nonlinear particle
relaxation theory is based on the author's recent work (Kandula; JASA, 2008, 2010). It is shown that nonlinear relaxation
has an appreciable effect on sound absorption and dispersion for both low and high droplet mass concentrations.
The results suggest that with nonlinear relaxation the peak frequency (for attenuation per unit frequency) is reduced
relative to that indicated by the linear theory. The shift in peak frequency due to nonlinearity seems to be reduced withan increase in the droplet mass concentration. The spectrum width of attenuation per unit frequency is reduced relative
to that predicted by the linear theory. In the high frequency range (beyond the peak frequency), the reduction in thelinear absorption coefficient predicted by the nonlinear theory relative to that predicted by the linear theory is seen
to increase with increasing droplet concentration. The nonlinear effects become important for frequency range where
viscous and heat conduction effects become predominant. In this frequency range, the dispersion coefficient according
to the nonlinear theory is smaller than that provided by the linear relaxation. The results indicate for low droplet massconcentrations the existence of a spectral broadening effect in the dimensionless linear attenuation coefficient witha decrease in droplet mass concentration. It is also found that at large values of the droplet mass concentration, thedimensionless linear attenuation spectrum exhibits a universal shape independent of the droplet mass concentration.

2p A07.
Instability and breakup of a gas-cored viscous annular jet
Takao Yoshinaga

Osaka University, Japan
A gas-cored annular liquid jet is of particular use for the formation of hollow microsphere capsules having the advantage
of low effective density and high specific surface. This paper analytically deals with the encapsulation process of the jet
due to the surface tension instability. Applying long wave approximations to the basic and boundary conditions fora viscous annular liquid phase and an inviscid core gas phase, a set of reduced nonlinear equations is derived for large
deformations of the jet. Breakup of the jet is numerically examined in the equations assuming a semi-infinite jet whensinusoidal disturbances are given at a nozzle exit. For small or medium Weber numbers based on the annular phase, it
is shown that the jet breaks up by closing the annular phase, which leads to the encapsulation of the core gas. For large
Weber numbers, however, the jet breaks up by disintegration of the annular phase and, so that, fails to encapsulate thecore gas. It is found that there exit the most unstable frequencies of input disturbances giving the shortest breakup time(or length) and such frequencies determine natural capsule formation periods and capsule sizes. It is also found thatthese periods and sizes increase with the increase of the velocity ratio of the core to the annular phases. This enables us
to control the produced capsule sizes, without using the forcing at the nozzle exit which sometimes makes the capsulesize nonuniform because of the intrinsically strong instability of the jet itself. The numerical results are shown to wellagree with the previous experiment and the existing phenomenological model with respect to the capsule producing
periods and sizes. Boundaries of the parameters for successful encapsulation are also shown for the Weber numbers andvelocity ratios.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

2p A08.
Focused ultrasound induced free-surface breakup and damage inacrylic plates
Yukio Tomita, Shigenori Tanaka

This paper provides some experimental results associated with the water-surface breakup, spray formation and material
damage caused by focused ultrasound. Ultrasonic waves of both continuous and burst waves with the frequency of
1 MHz were focused at the free surface by employing a concave ultrasound probe (US probe) made of PZT ceramics
whose vibrating chord length was 40 mm and geometric radius of curvature was 80 mm. Two types of experiments werecarried out. One is an experiment for investigating the dynamics of water-surface, especially surface elevation, surface
breakup and spray formation. The other is concerned with a damage experiment using a 3 mm thick acrylic plate as atest piece. Visualization of the phenomena was made by means of high-speed photography with the maximum rate of
50,000 frames/sec, together by taking snap shots. When ultrasonic waves were focused at the water-surface without anacrylic plate, a variety of surface responses took place depending on the acoustic properties of focused ultrasound. For
example, a stable cusp was produced when ultrasonic energy was small. As increasing it, the free-surface grew to forman ejecting jet with its surface being fluctuating, showing a sequence of drop-like shapes. Afterwards spray formationand multiple breakups occurred. On the other hand, a damage experiment was conducted by using acrylic plates withfour different positions setting both in air and in water layers. It was found that wave interaction played an importantrole to cumulated damage in acrylic plates. When an acrylic plate was set underwater with its upper surface being at
the position equivalent to the acrylic plate thickness, the both surfaces of an acrylic plate were damaged one of whichmarked on the lower surface seemed to come from the focusing effect of ultrasound.

2p A09.
Bubble dynamics and decompression wave structure in a magmatic
melt: diffusion effects
Valeriy Kirillovich Kedrinskiy

Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, SB Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
One of the main problems arising at a simulation of unsteady high-speed flows of a magma is the understanding
process kinetics (phase transitions, diffusion, viscosity effect) developing in an over-compressed magmatic melt underan explosive character decompression. The researches of magma state dynamics carried out within the frame work of
the math-model [1] have shown that exactly a cavitation development plays key role both in the formation of a wave
field structure and in multi-phase flow disintegration during an eruption. It turned out that the behavior of dynamic
characteristics which determine a magma state is the self-coordinated one and can not be considered individually. Itmeans that the dynamics of “average” bubble in a cavitation zone must be considered as a whole in the dependence on
the dynamics of magma state behind a wave decompression front. The paper presents the results of numerical analysis
of dissolved gas diffusion influence on the wave field structure and the bubble dynamics in “ lagrange cross – section” ofmagma flow behind a zone saturation front. The state dynamics of a heavy magma under a decompression wave (170
MPa pressure in a volcanic chamber, z = 1000 m magma column height) is analyzed for two cases: when the diffusion
fluxes into bubbles are strongly restricted and when natural diffusion provides the mass gas increasing in bubbles. It
was shown than in the first case the profiles of decompression wave and mass velocity have the classical shapes. In thesaturation zone the nuclei density Nb reaches value 1010 m-3 and the bubble radii distribution has an essential gradientin the vicinity of magma free surface. When the restrictions mentioned are removed the profile of decompression wave
is fundamentally changed at the transition through the saturation front. In the vicinity of free surface of magma column(z ≥ 950 м) the distributions of mass velocity U(z) and pressure P(z) are changed by leaps and bounds. It was found thatduring long time the gas pressure Pg(t) in cavitation bubbles turned out to be stabilized in spite of an increase both bubble
radius Rb(t) and gas concentration Cg(t) inside bubbles in a result of intense diffusion. The researches were carried out underfinancial support of RFBI (project 09-01-00500а), and, partly, of SB RAS IP 59 and of Presidium RAS IP (project 2.12).
1.Kedrinskii V.K., Davydov M.N., Chernov A.A., Takayama K. Initial stage of volcanic explosive eruption: dynamics of magma
state under rarefaction waves. Doklady Acad. Sci. 2006. V. 407, № 2. P. 190-193.
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May 22 (Tue)

Hokkaido University of Education, Hakodate, Japan

Invited Paper

2p B06.
Principles of shear wave elastography: challenges and opportunities
Jacques Souquet, Jeremy Bercoff, Claude Cohen-Bacrie
SuperSonic Imagine, France

May 22 (Tue)Today there is an intrinsic limitation regarding frame rate acquisition of ultrasound information coming from the body.
This limitation is due in part to the speed at which ultrasound wave propagates in the tissue, but also to the architectureof every system on the market whereby the somewhat sequential nature for data acquisition limits the speed at which
images can be displayed. The new paradigm consists in the creation of a new ultrasound system architecture withheavily parallelized acquisition where the receive beamformer is achieved in software With such a unique architecture
we have demonstrated acquisition frame rate of more than 5000 frames/sec. Such an architecture is an enabler of new
approaches to ultrasound: speed of sound optimization, transmit synthetic flat focus… Some of those advantages will bedemonstrated, however one of the most interesting approach is to leverage such frame rate for transient elastography.
Transient elastography is a unique patented approach to elastography (assessment of tissue elasticity) totally user skill
independent and quantifiable. The new approach consists in sending a shear wave in tissue and assessing the speed atwhich the shear wave propagates. Shear wave velocity is directly proportional to the square root of the Young’s modulus,
therefore by inverse problem knowing the shear wave velocity we can derive the elastic properties of tissues. We will
demonstrate how one can generate shear wave propagation in tissues, why ultra fast frame rate acquisition is a must anddemonstrate the capability of such system to assess tissue elasticity.

2p B08.
Endoscopic optical coherence elastography using acoustic radiation
force and a vibrating fiber scanner
Ryoichi Isago, Daisuke Koyama, Kentaro Nakamura

Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
High-speed measurement of biomechanical property such as elastic and viscoelastic constants in tissue is required. We
try to combine endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) which has a depth resolution of less than 10 μm withultrasonic radiation force.
Two-dimensional lateral scanning of the measurement light of OCT is accomplished by the vibration of an optical fiberin an OCT probe. A cylindrical piezoelectric actuator is mounted at the fiber’s neck to excite a circular or linear vibration
at the fiber end, where the outer electrodes of the piezoelectric element is divided into four parts, and the voltages witha phase shift are applied between the adjacent electrodes. The optical fiber is vibrated in the bending cantilever mode at
its resonant frequency, and the output light from the fiber end is collimated by a lens. The depth scanning in the tissue
sample is carried out by the wavelength-swept method of the frequency domain OCT. The prototype probe is 1 mm indiameter and 20 mm in length.
Stress is caused in a sample tissue due to acoustic radiation force which is induced by the difference of acoustic energy
density at the interface of the propagating media using a perforated focused transducer. The focused transducer is driven
by sinusoidal burst waves of 10,000 cycles at 2.2 MHz. The deformation is slowly relaxed after removal of the force, andits behavior is measured by the prototype endoscope. The displacement and the strain are calculated with the crosscorrelation between the images before and after applying the force.
Finger pad as a sample tissue is set at the focal position of the transducer. In this experiment, a two-dimensional
tomographic image was plotted with scanning lines of 400 and the frame rate of 50 fps. We demonstrated themeasurement and the imaging of strain distribution of the finger pad at the stationary condition and during deformation.
The elastic image taken by the proposed setup provided several different information from the ordinary OCT images.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

2p B09.
Ultrasonic actuation of biological tissues using dual acoustic radiation
force for assessment of elastic properties
Hideyuki Hasegawa, Jun Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Kanai
Many studies have been conducted to measure mechanical properties of tissues using ultrasound-induced acoustic
radiation force. To assess mechanical properties, strain must be generated in an object. However, a single radiation force
is not effective because it mainly generates translational motion when the object is much harder than the surrounding
medium. In this study, two cyclic radiation forces are simultaneously applied to a muscle phantom from two opposite
horizontal directions so that the object is cyclically compressed in the horizontal direction. By the horizontal compression,
the object is expanded vertically based on its incompressibility. The resultant vertical displacement is measured using
another ultrasound pulse. Two ultrasonic transducers for actuation were both driven by the sum of two continuous
sinusoidal signals at two slightly different frequencies [1 MHz and (1 M + 5) Hz]. The displacement of several micrometersin amplitude, which fluctuated at 5 Hz, was measured by the ultrasonic phased tracking method. Increase in thickness
inside the object in the vertical direction was observed at the time of increasing acoustic radiation forces. Such changes
in thickness corresponded to vertical expansion due to horizontal compression and show that the proposed method
successfully generated strains inside the object. By evaluating the magnitude of strain, it would be possible to assess thechange in elastic property of tissue due to diseases or therapies. Furthermore, in an in vitro experiment using a porcine
liver, a shear wave propagating from the actuated region to the outside was observed. Its propagation speed was foundto be 1.3 m/s corresponding to shear modulus of 1.7 kPa at a density of 103 kg/m3. This result was in good agreementwith shear moduli of liver tissues in literature.

2p C06.
Molecular dynamics study of sound propagation in a gas
Takeru Yano

Osaka University, Japan
Large scale molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to clarify the nonlinear and non-equilibrium processesof large-amplitude and high-frequency sound waves in a gas. To reduce statistical errors in calculating macroscopic
variables, we put more than 0.3 million molecules in a simulation box with the length of several micrometers in the
direction of wave propagation, because the number density of molecules in a gas is considerably small compared withthose in liquids and the wavelengths of sound is very large compared with molecular scales even for high-frequency(gigahertz) sound. The one-dimensional sound wave is generated by a harmonic oscillation of sound source with the
Lennard-Jones intermolecular potential, which is the same as that of gas molecules. As a result, we find that the largeamplitude and high-frequency sound propagates with strong attenuation, in some cases, exhibiting a stream-like profile
accompanied with mass, momentum, and energy transports. This leads to a completely different picture and a different
dispersion relation from a classical theory of high-frequency sound based on the linear standing wave analysis.

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May 22 (Tue)Tohoku University, Japan

2p C07.
Resonant gas oscillation with evaporation and condensation
Masashi Inaba1, Takeru Yano2, Masao Watanabe1, Kazumichi Kobayashi1, Shigeo Fujikawa1
1

Hokkaido University, Japan, 2Osaka University, JapanMay 22 (Tue)Resonant gas oscillations in a tube filled with a polyatomic vapor, e.g. water vapor, is theoretically analyzed. The wave
motion is induced by an oscillating plate mounted on an end of the tube, the other end of which is closed by a rigid
wall and a thin liquid film of the vapor formed on it. The evaporation and condensation are induced by the wave
motions in vapor and liquid phases. The one-dimensional wave motion in the gas phase is mathematically formulated
as a boundary value problem of the Gaussian-BGK Boltzmann equation for polyatomic gases with the diffuse-reflection
boundary condition at the plate and the kinetic boundary condition including the evaporation coefficient at the vaporliquid interface. The formulation of the problem is valid for the entire range of the Knudsen number (defined by theratio of the mean free path of vapor molecules and a typical wavelength), and contains the problem of a monatomic
molecule as a special case of the Gaussian-BGK Boltzmann equation for polyatomic gases. Our main interest here is
the effect of the evaporation and condensation at the vapor-liquid interface on the behavior of the one-dimensional
resonant gas oscillation for the case of small Knudsen numbers, where the mass, momentum, and energy conservation
equations in fluid dynamics are retrieved from an asymptotic analysis of the Gaussian-BGK Boltzmann equation. The
boundary conditions at the interface for the conservation equations in fluid dynamics can also be derived, into which theevaporation coefficient in the kinetic boundary condition at the interface can be consistently incorporated. As a result,the nonlinear differential equation for the wave profile derived by Chester (1964) in a closed-tube problem is extended
to the problem accompanied with the evaporation and condensation. A critical Mach number for shock formation canbe deduced as a function of the evaporation coefficient, from which we can discuss the effect of the evaporation andcondensation at the interface on the nonlinear resonant gas oscillation.

2p C08.
Numerical simulation of non linear acoustic streaming in a standing
wave resonator
Virginie Daru1,3, Diana Baltean-Carlès1,2, Catherine Weisman1,2
1

LIMSI-CNRS, France, 2Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France, 3Arts et Métiers ParisTech, France

Among nonlinear phenomena that appear in thermoacoustic systems, acoustic streaming is a continuous secondary
flow, superimposed on the dominant acoustic oscillations, which affects the systems’ efficiency. In this paper, acoustic
streaming generated by standing waves inside a two-dimensional rectangular resonator filled with a compressible
viscous fluid is simulated and the nonlinear regime is investigated, up to nonlinear Reynolds number Renl values of 70.
The standing wave is excited by imposing a sinusoidal vibration of all resonator walls along the main axis, at frequency
corresponding to the lowest resonant acoustic mode of the waveguide. Navier-Stokes compressible equations for
perfect gas are solved using a high resolution finite difference scheme recently developed, that proved to be accurate forhighly compressible flows as well as for acoustic propagation problems [V. Daru, X. Gloerfelt, AIAA Journal, 45 (10), 2007].
This allows the investigation of the effects of nonlinearities created by high intensity acoustic excitations. The wave
amplification and its saturation are computed for different excitations and different resonator widths. Simulations are
performed for different values of the Mach number up to 0.3 where shocks occur. The mean field is computed by timeaveraging over the main acoustic period. Rayleigh outer vortices as well as boundary layer inner vortices are described.
The results show good adequacy with several published experimental studies, although significantly different fromnumerical simulations previously performed in similar configurations. As the Reynolds number Renl is increased, thevortex pattern becomes unsymmetrical. The center of the outer vortices is displaced towards the resonator ends. Then
two additional vortices per quarter-wavelength are generated at the channel centerline. These results are in agreementwith recent experimental measurements performed in the nonlinear regime of fast streaming [Moreau et al, JASA 123(2),2008; Nabavi et al., Wave Motion 46, 2009]. Current simulations are performed for rather small values of the resonator
length, leading to high frequency waves. In order to predict the behavior of acoustic streaming for thermoacoustic
systems with longer resonators, the effect of the resonator’s length is also investigated.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

2p C09.
Experimental study of acoustic streaming in a high level standing
wave guide: influence of mean temperature and higher harmonics
distribution
Ida Reyt1, Solenn Moreau1,2, Hélène Bailliet1, Jean-Christophe Valière12Institut Pprime, CNRS - Universite de Poitiers - ENSMA, Departement Fluides - Thermique - Combustion, France,
Laboratoire Roberval UMR UTC-CNRS No. 6253 - Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France

Particle velocity in an acoustic standing waveguide is measured using Laser Dopper Velocimetry (LDV). The experimental
apparatus consists in a cylindrical standing wave resonator filled with air at atmospheric pressure, having an acoustic
driver at each end for high intensity sound levels excitation at the lambda mode of the system that corresponds to a
240 Hz frequency. Measurements are performed for non-linear Reynolds numbers from 1 to 150 (ReNL=
with
U the acoustic velocity amplitude at the velocity node, c the speed of sound, R the tube radius and δν the acoustic
boundary layer thickness). The guide is surrounded simply by air so that a temperature gradient sets up between
acoustic velocity nodes and antinodes, which goes up to 8K for higher acoustic levels. Thanks to thermocouples, thetemperature is measured at different locations along the wave guide. As expected, the axial streaming velocity in thecenter of the guide measured along the axis agrees reasonably well with the slow streaming theory for small ReNL but
deviates significantly from such predictions for fast streaming (ReNL ≥ 1). As the Reynolds number increases, the centerline
axial streaming velocity goes to zero except near the acoustic velocity nodes. For high amplitudes, the structure of thestreaming vortices is more complex but maintains a certain consistency, symmetry and keeps stable. Different factorsthat can be causing such mutation of the measured velocity compared with the theory are discussed such as the effectsof the temperature gradient and the non-linear propagation in the guide.

2p A10.
Theoretical study on the shape instability of an encapsulated bubble
in an ultrasound fieldYunqiao Liu, Kazuyasu Sugiyama, Shu Takagi, Yoichiro Matsumoto
The University of Tokyo, JapanA theoretical study on the shape instability of a slightly deformed bubble encapsulated by a hyperelastic membrane
in an ultrasound field is performed. To describe the dynamic balance on the bubble surface, the membrane effectsof the in-plane stress and the bending moment are incorporated into the equation set for the perturbed sphericalflow of viscous incompressible fluid (Prosperetti (1977) Quart. Appl. Math., 35, 339). The spherical motion of the bubble
is numerically obtained by solving the Rayleigh-Plesset equation with the elastic stress. The deflection therefrom islinearized and expanded with respect to the Legendre polynomial. Two amplitudes for each shape mode are introduced
because the membrane has mobility not only in the radial direction but also in the tangential direction. The derived
system is applied to the temporal evolution of the higher-order shape mode. Stability diagrams for the higher-ordershape mode are mapped out in the phase space of driving amplitude versus driving frequency over a range of elastic
modulus of the membrane. The most unstable driving frequency is found to satisfy an integer multiple relationship withtwice of the higher-order natural frequency: 2ωk /ωd = n. This finding is justified by a fact that the system with a boundary
layer approximation is simplified into the Mathieu's equation, of which the instability is known to be described by sucha relationship. A simple expression for the natural frequency of shape mode is also derived, which is validated by thatobtained by numerical simulation.

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May 22 (Tue)12p A11.
Pattern formation on the wall of acoustically driven gas bubble
Alexey Maksimov1, Timothy Leighton2
1

Pacific Oceanological Institute FEBRAS, Russia,
Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, United Kingdom

2

May 22 (Tue)The final stable shape taken by a fluid–fluid interface when it experiences a growing instability can be importantin determining features as diverse as weather patterns in the atmosphere and oceans, the growth of cell structuresand viruses, and the dynamics of planets and stars. An example which is accessible to laboratory study is that of an
air bubble driven by ultrasound when it becomes shape-unstable through a parametric instability. Above the critical
driving pressure threshold for shape oscillations, which is minimal at the resonance of the breathing mode, regularpatterns of surface waves are observed on the bubble wall. The existing theoretical models, which take account onlyof the interaction between the breathing and distortion modes, cannot explain the selection of the regular pattern on
the bubble wall and the conditions for the realization of different shape structures (see, for example, http://www.isvr.
soton.ac.uk/fdag/Faraday.htm). This paper proposes an explanation which is based on the consideration of a threewave resonant interaction between the distortion modes. Using a Hamiltonian approach to nonlinear bubble oscillation,corrections to the dynamical equations governing the evolution of the amplitudes of interacting surface modes havebeen derived. Steady-state solutions of these equations describe the formation of a regular structure. A basic featureof pattern formation, which is applicable for the interpretation of preferred patterns of parametrically unstable Faraday
ripples on the sphere, is that these structures have symmetry of point subgroups including the symmetries of Platonic
solids. Our predictions are confirmed by images of patterns observed on the bubble wall.

2p A12.
Direct numerical simulations of nonspherical bubble collapse with
nonequilibrium phase transition by the improved ghost fluid method
Yoshinori Jinbo, Hiroyuki Takahira
Osaka Prefecture University, JapanThe extremely high pressure and temperature fields generated by the bubble collapse provide a new environment
for chemical reactions and medical applications. The detailed understanding of the violent collapse of nonspherical
bubbles is needed to clarify such fields. The nonequilibrium phase transition through bubble interfaces is a key factor
in determining the bubble collapse. Although a lot of theoretical or numerical studies were done for the collapse of
spherical or nonspherical bubbles, the nonequilibrium phase transition of collapsing nonspherical bubbles is still open.
The objective of the present study is to develop a numerical method that can be applied to the violent collapse ofnonspherical bubbles with nonequilibrium phase transition due to evaporation and condensation. In the present study,
the ghost fluid method [Fedkiw, et al., J. Comput. Phys. 152 (1999) 457-492] is improved so as to consider the heat andmass fluxes through the interfaces of collapsing nonspherical bubbles in a compressible liquid. The multi-grids methodwith adaptive mesh refinement and the level set method are utilized in the method. The definition of ghost fluids is
improved to reduce the artificial diffusion in the thermal boundary layers for phase transition. The nonequilibrium
condensation and evaporation are implemented successfully in the method. First, the present method is applied tothe collapse of a spherical vapor bubble, and the numerical results are compared with the experiments by Akhatov etal. [Phys. Fluids 13 (2001) 2805-2819]. It is shown that the present method can predict successfully the violent collapseof a spherical bubble even though the Eulerian grid is employed. Second, the present method is utilized to simulate
the collapse of an axi-symmetric nonspherical vapor bubble induced by the interaction of an incident shock wave
with the bubble. The liquid-jet formation and the generation of shock waves from the collapsing nonspherical bubble,
which cause the local high pressure and temperature, are also simulated successfully by taking the nonequilibrium
condensation and evaporation of vapor into account. The thermal boundary layers inside and outside the bubble arecaptured with the present method. It is also shown that the phase transition causes the decrease of the internal pressure
leading to more violent collapse.
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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

2p B10.
Acoustic radiation force on a gas bubble in tissue
Yurii A. Ilinskii, Evgenia A. Zabolotskaya, Mark F. Hamilton
The motion and deformation of a gas bubble subjected to acoustic excitation in a soft elastic medium such as tissue wasanalyzed previously assuming the radiation force acting on the bubble is the same as in liquid [Ilinskii et al., J. Acoust.
Soc. Am. 117, 2338 (2005)]. In the present work we discuss corrections to the acoustic radiation force for finite values ofthe shear modulus. The analysis is based on the Piola-Kirchhoff equation in Lagrangian coordinates, in which only thestress tensor is nonlinear, and the equation is solved by perturbation. In the linear approximation an analytical solution
is obtained for the scattered acoustic wave. The nonlinear stress and full radiation force are calculated at the next orderof approximation. For negligible shear modulus the result for a liquid is recovered. For finite shear modulus but stillseveral orders of magnitude smaller than the bulk modulus, the resulting force differs from that for a liquid by a factor
that depends on ktR, where R is bubble radius, kt = ω/ct the wave number, ω the angular frequency and ct the shear wave
propagation speed. For ktR > 10 the radiation force is practically the same as in liquid, but for ktR < 10 its value can besignificantly different. At this order of approximation, for small but finite shear modulus it is also found that radiation
force depends on only one elastic constant, the shear modulus. It does not depend on the bulk modulus or any of thethird-order elastic constants for an isotropic medium. [Work supported by NIH grants DK070618 and EB011603.]

2p B11.
Experimental study on temperature rise of acoustic radiation force
elastographyMarie Tabaru, Hideki Yoshikawa, Takashi Azuma, Rei Asami, Kunio Hashiba
CRL., Hitachi Ltd., Japan

Acoustic radiation force elastography (ARFE) is potentially useful for creating images of the elasticity variation in humantissue. A “push wave” is used to apply radiation force, and the elasticity is estimated by measuring the tissue displacement
induced by the propagation of the shear wave. The push wave is a long burst wave comparable to the imaging usuallyused in the clinical field. Therefore, detailed safety research, especially that focusing on the temperature rise in the tissue,
is needed. The typical push wave conditions for elasticity imaging are estimated in this report, and the temperature rises
between soft tissue and bone are also compared. A push wave at a frequency of 2 MHz for a time duration of 1 msec
and at an intensity of 1 kW/cm2 was applied to a pig liver sample. Then, we measured the displacement in the liver atseveral different distances from the push point using a commercial ultrasonic scanner. With these conditions, we foundthat an imaging area could be created from up to 4 mm from the push point, which is minimally needed for imaging
a tumor. In addition, the temperature rise in the push area was measured by using a K-type thermocouple. A plane
wave at a frequency of 2 MHz for a time duration of 20 sec was exposed to a tissue mimicking phantom and a pieceof bone of pig rib, and the relation between the temperature rise and the exposed intensity was then examined. As aresult, we found that the temperature rise was linearly increased with higher intensity, and the temperature rises on thesurface of the bone was 12 times higher than that of the phantom. When the push wave at a time duration of 1 msec
and an intensity of 1 kW/cm2 is repeatedly applied to the bone 10 times at 1-second intervals, the total temperature riseestimated to be 2.3ºC due to heat accumulation. In conclusion, the thermosensitivity of the bone is 12 times higher
than that of the soft tissue, and repeated push wave poses the potential risk of exceeding the allowable maximum
temperature rise, which is 1ºC, on the surface of the bone. In order to safely use ARFE, the imaging area, including thepath of the push wave, should be carefully checked and the time interval for consecutive use should be adjusted toprevent thermal risk on the surface of the bone.

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May 22 (Tue)University of Texas at Austin, United States

2p B12.
Temperature elevation of biological tissue model exposed by focusedultrasound with acoustic radiation force
Naotaka Nitta1, Nobuki Kudo2, Iwaki Akiyama3
1

Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan,
Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Japan,
3
Department of Human and Environmental Science, Shonan Institute of Technology, Japan2

May 22 (Tue)Purpose: Focused ultrasound with acoustic radiation force (ARF) is beginning to be used for imaging and measuring tissue elasticity.
The ARF technology uses periodic burst waves with long pulse duration and low duty factor. On the other hand, it was suggested
that the temperature elevation near focus at bone might be significant within the limits of acoustic output regulation in diagnostic
ultrasound devices (Herman; 2002). In this study, with the aim of obtaining the relation between temperature elevations andparameters of ultrasound exposure with ARF, temperature elevations in two kinds of tissue models with and without bone isnumerically evaluated. Methods: The tissue model without bone (Model A) was a 3-D cylindrical body, and includes skin, fat, muscle
and viscera layers whose attenuation coefficients were uniformly 0.3dB/cm/MHz. Another tissue model with bone (Model B) includes
additional bone layer with attenuation coefficients of 10 to 30 dB/cm/MHz, and the focal point was set on the surface of bone. The
focused transducer (2.5 MHz, focal depth = 35 mm, f-number = 2) was put on the upper surface of each model. On the same scan line,
focused ultrasound with ARF was irradiated periodically with a pulse duration (PD) of 0.3 to 100ms, a pulse repetition time (PRT) of 2 to20s and a positive pressure up to 10 MPa. Heat generation rate of bioheat transfer equation is determined by intensity in these acoustic
field and attenuation in tissue model. By solving bioheat transfer equations with the thermophysical and blood perfusion constants(NCRP No.113), time-dependent temperature elevations at the focal point were calculated during 200 second. Results: In all cases,
temperature elevations during ultrasound exposure time and temperature decreases during rest time were repeated, and resultant
maximum temperature elevation increased according to number of irradiation during 200 second. The maximum temperatureelevation increased in proportion to the acoustic intensity. The higher instantaneous acoustic intensity and longer PD induced higher
temperature elevation, and the longer PRT suppressed significant temperature elevation. In comparison with Model A and B, thetemperature elevations near focus at bone in Model B were higher than those at focus in Model A. The temperature elevations nearfocus at bone increased according to attenuation coefficient of bone. Conclusion: In this study, the relation between temperatureelevations and parameters of ultrasound exposure with ARF was obtained in two kinds of tissue models with and without bone.

2p C10.
Existence and stability of localized modes in one-dimensional
nonlinear lattices
Kazuyuki Yoshimura

NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Japan
It is well known that spatially localized modes emerge in a variety of space-discrete nonlinear systems. Experimental
evidence for the existence of such localized modes has been reported for various systems so far. The localized modes
are called discrete breathers (DBs) or intrinsic localized modes (ILMs). A space-discrete nonlinear system can be modeledby a nonlinear lattice. From a mathematical point of view, DBs are time-periodic and spatially localized solutions of
the equations of motion. Fundamental and important issues, associated with DB, are the existence and stability of DB
solutions. We studied these issues for one-dimensional diatomic Fermi–Pasta–Ulam (FPU) type lattices. The diatomic FPU
type lattice is a chain of alternating light and heavy particles coupled by nonlinear interaction potentials. In this latticemodel, the limit of zero mass ratio is called the anti-continuous limit. There exist a large number of localized periodic
solutions, i.e., the trivial DB solutions, in this limit. A trivial DB solution consists of a finite number of in-phase or anti-phase
excited light particles, separated by particles at rest. We have proved the existence of DB solutions for small mass ratio
by continuation of the trivial DB solutions from the anti-continuous limit. Then we have proved the stability criterion forthese DB solutions. The stability criterion is that the DB solutions are all linearly unstable near the anti-continuous limit,
except for those continued from trivial solutions consisting of alternating anti-phase excited particles. This prediction of
the stability criterion is clearly observed in numerical simulations.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

2p C11.
Modulational instablity and chaotic breathers in two dimensional
Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattices
Yusuke Doi, Akihiro Nakatani

Modulational instability of zone boundary modes (ZBMs) and band edge modes (BEMs) in two dimensional diatomic
Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU)-β lattices is analyzed rigorously. Discrete breathers (DBs) or intrinsic localized modes (ILMs) inthe higher dimensional lattice systems have attracted great interests in various fields recently. Modulational instability ofthe ZBMs and BEMs is one of the most important problems in excitation of DB in the system, since chaotic breather (CB)which is interaction process of DB, is observed. We consider the two dimensional lattices in which a lattice point interacts
their nearest neighbor and second nearest neighbor lattice points. First we derive the nonlinear periodic solutions whichcorrespond to the linear ZBMs and BEMs of the system. Then the stability of the perturbation to the periodic solutions
is investigated based on characteristics of the monodromy of Gauss’s hypergeometric equation, since the perturbation
equations can be transformed into Gauss’s hypergeometric equation which have the explicit form of the monodromy. We
find the stability of the ZBMs and BEMs depend on the mass ratio of the system and the strength of interactions between
lattice points. Moreover we present some results of numerical simulations of temporal evolution of the ZBMs and BEMs
with small perturbations. The numerical results show the dynamics after the system becomes unstable, which cannot be
tracked by the linear analysis.

2p C12.
Controlled translation of an intrinsic localized mode
Masayuki Sato1, Naoki Fujita1, Souichi Nishimura1, Yuichi Takao1, Yurina Sada1, Weihua Shi1,
A. J. Sievers2
1
2

Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Japan,
Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, United States

As mechanical arrays continue to decrease in size it becomes important to characterize their nonlinear vibrational
dynamics. One feature for a micro or nano-mechanical array is that a localized nonlinear excitation called an intrinsic
localized mode (ILM) can be generated even in a perfect array. Some ideas and applications for vibrational localization insmall scale arrays have already been proposed. Experimental and simulation studies with micromechanical arrays, mainlyof the di-element type, have shown that in the nonlinear regime a steady state ILM can be produced by chirping thefrequency of the uniform driver beyond the plane wave spectrum and then locking its amplitude with a cw oscillator. The
resulting locked ILM is stable at a lattice site. It can be moved incrementally from one place to another by introducing amobile impurity in the array that, when nearby, shifts the ILM location. Depending on the details of the nonlinear latticeeither attaction or repulsion of the ILM can occur. By studying vibrational impurity mode-ILM dynamics a number ofdifferent processes have been uncovered such as seeding, and annihilation. In addition, a time-varying impurity mode
has been used to invert the existence or absence of an ILM. Such a process can be applied to information processing, asmart sensor, or an actuator. In this paper, we numerically demonstrate, without the use of an impurity, the translation
over large distances of a driver locked ILM that is close in frequency to the band mode spectrum. The new technique isto apply to an ILM locked at frequency a second somewhat weaker driver that is tuned to , below the ILM frequency but
near the top of the band mode spectrum. By tuning we find a resonant process in which, on resonance, the ILM moves
through the lattice as long as the additional excitation exists. This new traveling ILM state is synchronous with the beating
perturbation made from the two drivers and moves with speed , where d is the unit cell size. The observed translation
appears to be the physical manifestation of the nonlinear locked excitation tunneling back and forth between its
localized vibrational state and a nearby extended-wave vibrational state with the coupling made possible by the second
driver.
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May 22 (Tue)

Department of Adaptive Machine Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan

2p P01.
The nonlinear multifrequency sonars for underwater navigation
Vadim Yur’evich Voloshchenko

Department of Engineering Drawing and Computer Design, Taganrog Institute of Technology, South Federal
University (TIT SFedU), Russia

May 22 (Tue)The paper presents an original hydroacoustic navigation sonar’s improvement trend – the extension of operating
frequency band without complication of hydroacoustic antenna’s design by means of reception and processing of
echo-signal’s amplitude, phase and frequency characteristics of generated in nonlinear water medium phase coupledmultiple high harmonic components 2f, 3f,..., nf of finite amplitude pump waves with fundamental frequency f. The
hydroacoustic antenna’s directional radiation patterns and calculated curves for several sonar equations at multiple highharmonic components of fish-finding echo sounders “Sargan”, “Taimen” are discussed. The extension of frequency bandby additional registration of higher harmonic’s echo-signals allows to realize original broadband echo-ranging systems
with different antenna’s angular resolution. The patented block diagrams and operation principles of the multifrequency
correlation and Doppler logs, the impulse parametric upward-beamed fathometer for providing of autonomous vessel’s safety underwater (under the ice cover) navigation are considered. The application of these devices enable to increase
the accuracy of vessel’s velocity measurements on the reverberation signals from sea bottom and moving water masses,
gauging the ice thickness above the vessel and detection of suitable for vessel’s emersion paths of ice-free water in icefields (the shore-lead sonar’s mode of operation), etc.

2p P02.
A novel method for detecting second harmonic ultrasoniccomponents generated from fastened bolts
Makoto Fukuda, Kazuhiko Imano

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science,
Akita University, Japan
Bolts and nuts are a standard fastener used in the assembly of mechanical structures. Because broken, slack, or overtightened bolts can lead to serious accidents, quality control is an important issue. Current inspection methods formeasuring bolt axial force include ultrasonic, strain-gauge, and load-cell techniques. However, complex corrections of
the measured values are required to obtain accurate measurements of the bolt axial force when using these methods.
Therefore, there is demand for simple quality-control techniques. Recently, the measurement of nonlinear ultrasonics,
including second harmonic (SH) components, has been applied for nondestructive evaluation. The SH components are
generated by the nonlinear response of plastic deformation, closed cracks and the contact acoustic nonlinearity (CAN).
When a structure is fastened using a bolt, an axial force is applied to the bolt. The bolt will be plastically deformed andmay develop fractures included closed cracks when the axial force exceeds the bolt’s elastic yield point. Moreover, in theinterface of the screw threads of the bolt and the nut, the SH ultrasonic waves will be generated by CAN. In this study,
a novel method for detecting the SH components, from a bolt fastened with a nut, using the ultrasonic-transmission
method is proposed. To drive the system, 20 cycles of a 1-MHz burst sinusoidal waveform, which was generated using
an arbitrary waveform generator, were amplified to 100 V (peak-to-peak) with a high-frequency power amplifier. The
amplified signal was used to drive a 1-MHz-resonant transmitting transducer, which transmitted the ultrasonic pulses
through the bolt. A SH component of 2 MHz was generated by the fastened bolts, and was received by a 2-MHzresonance receiver transducer. An oscilloscope captured the receiving pulses. A hexagon head iron bolt (12-mm diameterand 25-mm long) was used in the experiments. The bolt was fastened using a digital torque wrench. The SH component
increased by approximately 20 dB before and after fastening bolts. The sources of SH components were CAN in thebolt–nut interface and the plastic deformation with fastening bolts. Consequently, usefulness of the novel method for
detecting SH ultrasonic components generated from fastened bolts was confirmed.
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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

2p P03.
Droplet propulsion on non-piezoelectric substrates induced by Lamb waves
Wei Liang

1. Background, Motivation and Objective Droplet propulsion on piezoelectric substrates was intensively investigated for labon-a-chip applications in the last few years [1-2]. However piezoelectric lab-on-a-chip devices suffer from fabrication problems,
costs, maintenance and cleaning [3-4]. These are the reasons why current research is focusing on exciting surface acoustic
waves on non-piezoelectric substrates by a plate / matching layer / piezoelectric substrate configuration [3-4]. Recently,
we demonstrated the propulsion of droplets of µl size on non-piezoelectric substrates by Lamb wave. Lamb waves are
excited by a structured piezoelectric block attached to the underside of the plate, which is not in contact with the liquid
droplet [5]. 2. Statement of Constribution/Methods In this contribution the propulsion of microliter droplets with different
volumes are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The ratio of absorbed power to incident power of droplet
propulsion on glass plate is calculated. The electrical input power and the distance, in which the droplet can be moved, areinvestigated in respect to droplet volume, the optimized propulsion frequency in respect to droplet volume. For all experiments
antisymmetrical zero order Lamb waves are produced on a 1 mm glass plate with an interdigital transducer of 1 MHz center
frequency. The glass plate is coated with a hydrophobic coating of 2-propanol. 3. Results The propulsion of droplet withdifferent µl volumes is investigated. When the volume of the droplet is changed from 10 μl, 20 μl, 30 μl, 40 μl, 50 μl, to 60 μl, thedroplet displacement changes, from 1.9 mm, 4.6 mm, 4.9 mm, 5 mm, 5.1 mm, 5.4 mm, by electrical input power of 6.66 W, 4.6
W, 5.19 W, 4.35 W, 4.28 W, 4.94 W, which are matched up to the theoretical result. Moreover, with increasing droplet volume (10µl, 20 µl, 50 µl) the excitation frequency (1.03 MHz, 1.04 MHz, 1.06 MHz) must be slightly increased too, for optimization of the
propulsion process. 4. Discussion and conclusion The propulsion of µl droplets on non-piezoelectric substrates depends on
droplet size, electrical input power and excitation frequency. With a detailed investigation on the relevant propulsion parameterthe propulsion effect can be optimized. With this knowledge droplet removal by Lamb waves on technical objects, such as
windows, mirrors or lenses may be realized.
Reference [1] Wixforth, A.,(2003) 389 – 396. [2] L. Y. Yeo, and J. R. Friend, (2009). [3] R.P. Hodgson, M. Tan, L. Yeo, and J.
Friend,Journal 2009, pp. 3-5. [4] T. Sugita, and J. Kondoh, Proc. IEEE Sensors 2010, pp. 253-256. [5] M. Schmitt, G. Lindner, S.
Krempel, H. Faustmann, and F. Singer, Proceedings IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2009, pp. 1640-1643.

2p P04.
Finite difference calculation of acoustic streaming including the boundary
layer phenomena in an ultrasonic air pump on graphics processing unit array
Yuji Wada, Daisuke Koyama, Kentaro Nakamura

Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Finite difference fluid simulation of acoustic streaming on the actual fine-meshed three-dimensional analysis modelusing graphics processing unit (GPU)-oriented calculation array is discussed. Airflows due to the acoustic traveling wave
are induced when an intense sound field is generated in a gap between a bending transducer and a reflector. Thisphenomenon can be applied to an ultrasonic air pump, which supplies gas into narrow space in which conventional fansor pumps cannot be embedded. Efficient simulation of acoustic streaming enables the optimization of the pump design.
However, until now, derivation of acoustic streaming considering boundary layers from time-averaging process is almost
impossible because of huge calculation costs and convergence problem. We found that high performance computing
utilizing GPU can be a solution to this problem. A bending transducer composed of an aluminum plate (20x30x2 mm)
and a PZT element (20x10x0.4 mm) is used for the air pump. The fundamental bending vibration mode at 26.2 kHz is
excited on the transducer, while an acrylic resin plate is located over the transducer with a gap of approximately 1 mm
to act as a reflector. Then, in order to obtain the directional flow, the reflector is tilted by 4 degrees along the length
direction. The computation of the compressive three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation by finite difference method
is executed for the calculation region (60x75x18 mm) where the device is located in the middle of the region. Meshsizes of the calculation model are 0.05 mm in the height direction in the air gap, and 0.25 mm in the length and thewidth directions, and height direction outside the air gap. Calculation region is divided into 80 calculation units whose
dimension is 15x15x1.5 mm and number of node is 75,000 points, so that each GPU processes every corresponding
calculation unit. To connect the calculation units, the edge region of the unit is transferred to the other region using
Message-Passing Interface. Total number of calculation node is the 6,000,000 points. Calculation results showed good
agreement with the measurements in the pressure distribution. In addition to that, several flow-vortices were observed
near the boundary of the reflector and the transducer, which have been often discussed in acoustic tube near theboundary, and have never been observed in the conventional calculation in the ultrasonic air pumps of this type.
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May 22 (Tue)ISAT, Coburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany

2p P05.
Spectral hole burning in piezoelectric resonators
Fujio Tsuruoka

Kurume university, JapanMay 22 (Tue)Spectral hole burning phenomena have been well studied in the field of light energy absorption. The requirements fortheir observation are, 1. the absorption frequencies are different from each other, 2. the absorption spectrum spread wideand moderately, 3. the absorption characteristics of some absorbers are changed by absorbing large amplitude energy toshow hole(s). These conditions might be satisfied by piezoelectric resonant oscillators, of which dimensions and resonant
frequencies are slightly different from each other. The third conditions were found to be fulfilled by applying large
amplitude RF electric field and certain particles changed their oscillation characteristics to form hole(s). We preparedcommercial grade piezoelectric powders, KBrO3, destroyed with pestle and mortar, and sieved with standard meshes, forexample, 105 and 125 µm. They were set in a parallel plate condenser with surface of 8 x 12 cm2 and plate distance of 1
mm. Though their crystallographic angles were at random and their oscillation modes were not identified, their resonant
oscillations were well excited by pulsed electric fields. Holes were introduced by applying pulsed RF electric field. The
pulse amplitude was up to 400 V/mm, the pulse width from 1 to 100 µs, the total pulse number up to 104. The holes weredetected with the AC impedance meter and by the magic-T method. We observed spectral holes in the spectrum of theircomplex impedance. The hole mechanism was attributed to the introduction of crystal deformations, which introducedchanges into the damping constant of their free oscillation and their elastic constants. We found the hole profiles were
well described with the absolute values of the Fourier components of applied pulses. Furthermore, we applied multiple
sequent pulses with pulse separation of 1 to 20 µs and the number of the sequent pulses up 20. The resultant profiles
in electric impedance spectrum were well described with the absolute values of the Fourier components of the sequent
pulses. In conclusion, we observed spectral hole burning phenomena in piezoelectric resonators and enlarged the notionof hole burning phenomena.

2p P06.
Measurement of temperature gradient in a stack of a prime mover in aloop-tube-type thermoacoustic cooling system
Shin-ichi Sakamoto1, Ryoichi Isago1, Yoshitaka Inui1, Yoshiaki Watanabe2
1

University of Shiga Prefecture, Japan, 2Doshisha University, Japan

In this paper, the main focus is on spatial and temporal variation of temperature gradient in a stack of a prime mover ina loop-tube-type thermoacoustic cooling system. Spatial and temporal variation in temperature gradient was measured
for various stack lengths. Measurement was also conducted in both cases with and without self-sustained sound. Since
the thicknesses of thermal and viscous boundary-layers depend on the temperature, knowledge of detailed spatial andtemporal variation of temperature gradient in the stack will be important to design a stack, especially stack channel
radius. Since little has been reported about temperature gradient formed in the stack, the results obtained in theexperiments will contribute to raise the cooling effect of the thermoacoustic cooling system.
From the observation of the temperature variation in both cases with and without self-sustained sound in the loop-tube,
it is confirmed that with self-sustained sound, temperature gradient is linearly formed along the stack. This resulted fromthe heat flow caused by the thermoacoustic effect.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

2p P07.
Consideration of nonlinear vibration characteristic of object forirradiating high-intensity ultrasonic waves by a point-convergencetype aerial ultrasonic source
Ayumu Osumi, Youichi Ito
Recently, technologies employing aerial ultrasonic waves have been developed. Ultrasonic inspection can be performed
in a noncontact manner using an aerial ultrasonic probe. Methods using such a probe are based on the detectionof waves reflected from an object and waves transmitted through it. However, ultrasonic inspection using an aerial
ultrasonic probe requires a short measurement distance and a stringent condition of incidence in setting a suitable
incidence angle of the transmitted waves. Previously, we proposed an entirely different method that uses high-intensity
aerial ultrasonic waves, generated using a point-converging acoustic source with a stripe-mode vibration plate, to detect
defects in materials. We considered a noncontact method that can detect defects in materials by analyzing frequency
information obtained from the vibration of an object excited with high-intensity ultrasonic waves of finite amplitude, thathas a measurement distance several times longer than that of ultrasonic inspection using an aerial ultrasonic probe, and acondition of incidence relative ease in setting the angle of incidence. However, to achieve such a method, it is importantto generate high-intensity ultrasonic waves of finite amplitude and to elucidate the mechanism of ultrasonic irradiation
onto materials. In this study, we examine the sound pressure and vibration characteristics of the surface of materials forirradiation with high-intensity ultrasonic waves of finite amplitude. From our results, it is found that the sound pressure
characteristics at the fundamental frequency and the harmonic frequency characteristics of the surface are difficult
to determine from its free field. It is also found that the object vibrates at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies
corresponding to those of ultrasonic waves of finite amplitude, and that sound pressure and vibration on the surface arestrongly affected by the relationship between the acoustic resonant systems of the sound source and object. In addition,
it is found that the vibration at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies on the surface is strongly influenced by that
relationship.

2p P08.
On the two-dimensional patterning of inorganic particles in resin
using ultrasound
Toru Tuziuti

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), JapanThe ultrasonic manipulation technique is applicable to opaque particle suspensions and has merits in comparison withthe other methods such as radiation force by a laser that needs media transparency and electrostatic force that requires
attention to be paid to electrolysis [A. Ashkin: Phys. Rev. Lett. 24 (1970) 156]. Goddard and Kaduchak [G. Goddard and
G. Kaduchak: J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117 (2005) 3440] demonstrated the concentration of polystyrene particles using a linedriven cylindrical glass tube. Oberti et al. [S. Oberti, A. Neild and J. Dual: J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121 (2007) 778] directly excitedultrasonic transducers attached to a glass plate on a fluidic system to cause propagation of surface wave emitting asound wave into an adjacent fluid. They achieved particle concentration in parallel lines in the case of one transducer
while in the case of two transducers an oval-shaped two-dimensional pattern of particle concentration was obtained.
The present study deals with for the first time the formation of a two-dimensional pattern of concentrated particles withindirect irradiation of ultrasound from one transducer. A two-dimensional millimeter-sized pattern of micrometer-sizedtitanium dioxide particles in UV-reactive acrylic resin using 1.93 MHz ultrasound is fabricated. A mixture of particles andresin is set in a thin layer between square glass plates of which one plate is irradiated with ultrasound. Both vibration
normal to the plate and the wave propagating in the mixture form standing waves to provide a two-dimensional patternof the particles. The two-dimensional pattern was hardened with UV irradiation. It is confirmed that the two-dimensional
pattern keeps a similar structure before and after UV hardening. The present technique will be promising for novel
material fabrication by controlling the boundary condition for the mixture of the particle and resin or vibration mode of
the glass.

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May 22 (Tue)Nihon University, Japan

2p P09.
Dynamics of second harmonics in nonlinear surface acoustic waves
and a proposal of its device application
Koji Aizawa, Yoshiaki Tokunaga

Kanazawa Institute of Technology, JapanMay 22 (Tue)Dynamic behavior of nonlinear surface acoustic waves (NLSAWs) generated on a piezoelectric single crystal has been muchinterested in application to new engineering fields from a viewpoint of complex system. In this study, characterization of
fundamental (FUN) and second-harmonic (2nd HMC) components in NLSAW propagating on a LiNbO3 single crystal were
investigated, and we proposed a novel photonic signal control device (PSCD) using a dynamic behavior of NLSAW. 128orotated Y-cut X-propagating LiNbO3 single crystal was used as substrate in this experiment. The interdigital transducer (IDT)with a center frequency of 50 MHz was formed on the surface of LiNbO3 substrate. The RF burst signal was introduced to its
IDT through RF connector, in which its duration time and duty cycle was 250 ns and 0.05 %, respectively. Additionally, a gold(Au) film (10x10 mm2) was also formed on the center of substrate due to enhancement of velocity dispersion. The probing
beam with 300 μm in diameter using He-Ne laser was irradiated to an Au film, and then the time dependence of diffracted
light intensity from NLSAW was measured using digital oscilloscope through a photomultiplier tube. Either FUN or 2nd
HMC was chosen by changing a diffraction angle A pulse-like FUN (or 2nd HMC) propagated from IDT(I) comes into collision
with another one from IDT(II) at the center of a Au film, in which the distance between two IDTs is fixed at 20mm. It was
found that diffracted light intensity from 2nd HMC at collision point was larger than algebraic sum of two pulses before andafter collision, whereas its value of FUN was smaller than that of peak intensity. This extraordinary variation of diffracted lightintensity at collision point must be occurred by a nonlinear effect such as enhancement of coupling efficiency between
FUN and 2nd HMC and energy conversion from FUN to 2nd HMC. To demonstrate an operation as PSCD, we measured thediffracted light intensities of FUN and 2nd HMC components at collision point when 4-digit pulse signals corresponding
to 1010 and 1111 were applied as input signal to the IDT(I) and IDT(II), respectively. The measured pulse pattern was
independent on the input signals applied to their IDTs when FUN component was used, whereas its pattern using 2nd HMC
component showed an AND operation between two input signals. PSCD using this phenomenon may be one of promising
candidates for application to information security device.

2p P10.
Acoustic harmonic generation in a multilayered structure withnonlinear interfaces
Yosuke Ishii, Shiro Biwa
Kyoto University , Japan

Many types of interfacial imperfections can be found in various multilayered structures, such as thin interphase layers,
weak bonds, and delaminated but contacting surfaces. Foregoing studies have revealed that such imperfect interfaces
can be modeled as spring-type interfaces with finite interfacial stiffness. When these multilayered structures areinsonified by finite-amplitude elastic waves, these interfaces become a source of nonlinear acoustic phenomena such as
higher harmonic generation. Understanding nonlinear acoustic properties of multilayered structures is important from apractical point of view when, for example, composite laminates are to be evaluated by nonlinear acoustic methods. In thisstudy, the second-harmonic generation phenomenon is studied numerically and theoretically for a multilayered structure
having nonlinear interlayer interfaces. First, the dynamic finite element analysis is performed to compute the elastic wave
propagation in the layered structure in the normal direction, and the computed transmitted or reflected waveforms areinvestigated by the spectral analysis based on the short-time Fourier transform. The results show a complex behavior
that the amplitude of the generated second harmonics is influenced not only by the interfacial nonlinear properties
but also by the layered structure. To examine this behavior from a theoretical point of view, the perturbation analysis by
Biwa et al. [1] for a single nonlinear interface between semi-infinite elastic media is extended to study wave propagation
across multiple nonlinear interfaces. The transfer matrix method is employed to formulate the problem for a multilayered
structure subjected to a harmonic wave excitation. By aid of the perturbation analysis, the problem is decomposed into
one for the linear propagation of the fundamental wave and one for the occurrence of the second harmonics due to theinterfacial nonlinearity. Some explicit results are obtained based on this formulation, and the results are compared to the
dynamic finite element analysis. References [1] S. Biwa, S. Nakajima and N. Ohno, Trans. ASME J. Appl. Mech., 71 (2004), pp.
508-515.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

2p P11.
Laser induced stress waves emerged by laser-target interaction
Yoshiaki Tokunaga, Motoaki Nishiwaki, Mieko Kogi, Koji Aizawa
Recently, a method of laser induced stress waves (LISWs) mediated drug delivery or gene transfection into human cells is
paid remarkable attention since it is a nonchemical, nonviral, and noninvasive method for transport of drugs and genes
into the cells. LISWs can be emerged by the following complicated mechanisms: Optical breakdown, ablation and plasma
formations, and shock wave with recoil momentum. The characteristics such as peak pressure, rise-time, full width at half
maximum of LISWs are not dependent only the laser parameters such as wavelength, pulse width, but also fluence andthe optical and mechanical characteristics of the irradiated target. Unfortunately, discussions from physical standpointsof these processes on generation and dynamics of LISWs have never been done in detail up to now. Although it isvery difficult to analyze these complicated nonlinear phenomena, quantitative explanation of these processes may benecessary as entrance for getting further and fruitful results in medical applicaitons. In this paper, we describe a physicalmodel of emergence process of LISWs and also transfection of pEGFP plasmid DNA into HeLa cells by LISWs. Nd:YAG
laser(Spectra Physics:LAB-130,USA) was used with 15ns duration with energies up to 200mJ/pulse at 532nm(second
harmonics) at one shot as an energy source. A natural rubber (Sound Lab.Co.Ltd. Japan) was used as an endothermic
surface absorbing target, and a polyethylene terephthalate, as a transparent overlay, was also used for growing of
impulse peak and pulse duration of LISW due to detonation and blast waves. The stress pressure was measured by
PVDF transducer with about 110μm thickness. The PVDF output voltage was statistically processed by 1.5GHz digital
oscilloscope (LeCloy: LC684DXL,USA). Obtained results were as follows: HeLa cells viability were 80 percent at 2.4J/cm2
of irradiation fluence. The peeling rate of the cell was approximately 20 percent. The gene transfection efficiency was ofapproximately 3 percent in our experimental condition. We also describe an acoustic profile of LISWs for getting better
results on gene transfection into cells

2p P12.
The numerical simulation of evolution of finite-amplitude noise pulses
Igor Yu. Demin, Sergey N. Gurbatov, Nikolay V. Pronchatov-Rubtsov
Nizhny Novgorod State University, Russia

The propagation of finite amplitude sound waves is of fundamental interest in nonlinear acoustics. In the simplest
model of propagation in fluids these waves are described by the well-known Burgers’ equation (plane waves) [1, 2]. In
studies of nonlinear wave propagation an important problem is to find the waveform of the asymptotic wave at longtime after the preparation of the initial wave or at long distance from the source emitting the wave. In case of noisetype initial disturbance, the analytical calculation the velocity field is very complicated mathematical problem. The Fast
Legendre Transform Algorithm (FLTA) [3] should be applied to solve the problem. FLTA allows to reduce the numberof the mathematical operations, that is necessary to be done to obtain the BE solution. As the result of time reducing
for each realization processing, more realization can be analyzed and the statistic data accuracy is increasing.
In the present paper we consider the numerical simulation of evolution of complex pulses which are characterized by
two scales( l - the inner scale of the carrier, L- the scale of the modulation, and the condition L >> l). For such signals thegeneration of a low-frequency component or a non-zero mean field takes place. It has also been shown that, for a pulse
with random carrier, the parameters of the asymptotic waveform depend weakly on the fine structure of the initial pulse,
but that the old-age behaviour is very sensitive to the properties of the carrier.
This work was supported by RFBR (11-02-00774) and by the Federal Program "Scientific and Scientific-educational
brainpower of innovative Russia" for 2009-2013 (Contract N 02.740.11.0565).
[1] O.V. Rudenko and S. I. Soluyan, Theoretical Foundations of Nonlinear Acoustics (Nauka, Moscow, 1975; Consultants
Bureau, New York, 1977).
[2] S.N. Gurbatov, A.N. Malakhov, A.I. Saichev. Nonlinear random waves and turbulence in nondispersive media: waves,rays, particles. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1991.
[3] A.Noullez and M.Vergassola. A Fast Legendre Transform Algorithm and Aplications to the Adhesion Model, Journal of
Scientific Computing, 1994, v.9, 259-281.

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May 22 (Tue)Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Japan3a A01.
Stability thresholds for multi-bubble systems
David Sinden, Eleanor Stride, Nader Saffari

Dept Mechanical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom

3a A02.
Derivation of nonlinear wave equations for ultrasound beam in
nonuniform bubbly liquids
Tetsuya Kanagawa1, Takeru Yano2, Junya Kawahara3, Kazumichi Kobayashi3, Masao Watanabe3,
Shigeo Fujikawa3
1

The University of Tokyo, Japan, 2Osaka University, Japan, 3Hokkaido University, Japan

We theoretically investigate nonlinear propagation of weakly diffracted ultrasound beams in an initially quiescent liquidcontaining many spherical gas bubbles distributed with a weak nonuniformity. We assume that the spatial distribution of
the initial number density of bubbles is a slowly varying function of space coordinates and the amplitude of its variationis small compared with a mean number density. For simplicity, the viscosity of gas inside the bubble, heat conduction,and phase change across the bubble-liquid interface, are neglected. The system of basic equations for bubbly flows
consists of the conservation equations of mass and momentum for gas and liquid in a two-fluid model, Keller equation
for the bubble-wall motion, state equations for gas and liquid, and so on. Nonlinear wave equations for long range
propagation of beams are derived from the basic equations based on appropriate choices of scaling relations of a set ofphysical parameters composed of the wavelength, frequency, propagation speed, diameter of the beam, and small wave
amplitude. The scaling of parameters prescribes the magnitudes of dissipation, dispersion, and diffraction effects relative
to that of the nonlinear effect in the weakly nonlinear propagation of the beams concerned. With the aid of the methodof multiple scales, we can derive two-types of equations, i.e., a KZK (Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov) equation withdispersion and nonuniform effects [or a KP (Kadomtsev-Petviashvili) equation with dissipation and nonuniform effects]
for a long wave in a low frequency case, and an NLS (nonlinear Schrödinger) equation with dissipation, diffraction, andnonuniform effects for an envelope of a carrier wave in a high frequency case.

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May 23 (Wed)High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) aims to destroy pathogenic tissue by converting energy from ultrasound into heat.
Under certain conditions, cavitation activity has been shown to greatly enhance the local rate of heat deposition and also
provide a significant aid to treatment monitoring. However, cavitation occurring pre-focally or growing unstably around the
focal region is known to impede safe and effective treatment delivery. There is thus a significant need for better understandingof the generation of cavitation during HIFU treatments and its influence on wave propagation and beam focusing. It is shownthat at therapeutically relevant acoustic pressures and frequencies, the threshold for inertial cavitation is typically independentof the number of bubbles present. This is because the re-radiated pressure field from any one bubble only has a significant
influence upon the oscillations of the surrounding bubbles if it collapses inertially. When this occurs the inertial collapse of alarge bubble may initiate the collapse of smaller bubbles nearby and lead to a synchronised collapse. Furthermore, if a bubble
begins to oscillate irregularly, the surrounding bubbles will experience an irregular re-radiated pressure field from the interaction
and appear to oscillate in an irregular manner. The calculated Lyaponov dimension of a chaotic attractor for a multi-bubble
system is essentially equal to that of a single bubble system. The computation of Lyaponov exponents leads to a thresholdfor chaotic oscillations, that is which exhibit extreme sensitivity to initial conditions, and revised stability thresholds for multibubble systems are calculated. In a unique case of a regular array of equally sized bubbles a nonlinear normal form about theBlake critical radius can be derived. Consequently Mel'nikov analysis then provides an analytical expression for a lower boundfor the onset of chaotic oscillations of the multibubble system. The effects of fluid viscosity and compressibility, due to delays in
the interactions, on the stability of the oscillations of multi-bubble systems is then investigated. For a pair of linearly oscillatinginteracting bubbles it is shown that typically the system undergoes a Hopf bifurcation and reaches a stable limit cycle. From
this a revised Bjerknes force between a pair of bubbles is derived. It is then shown that the effects of compressibility, throughtime delays in the interaction, raises the thresholds for instabilities due to radial and non-spherical oscillations. The effect oftranslational motion on the stability of the radial oscillations through the delays is formulated. The physical implications ofthese findings for cavitating liquids in general, and for clinical practice are then discussed.

3a A03.
A model for coupled bubble dynamics between thin elastic tissue
layersTodd A. Hay, Yurii A. Ilinskii, Evgenia A. Zabolotskaya, Mark F. Hamilton

Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713-8029, United States
Photographs of acoustically-excited ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles in ex vivo blood vessels have revealed
that the bubbles translate and form jets toward the center of the vessel and that the associated vessel displacement isoften asymmetric [Chen et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 126, 2175 (2009)]. There is also interest in exploiting bubble-bubble
interaction to aid sonoporation of an adjacent cell membrane [Sankin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 078101 (2010)]. Theseobservations have motivated the development of a model for a pair of coupled aspherical, translating bubbles in an
incompressible liquid between parallel elastic tissue layers. The bubbles are assumed to lie along the axis perpendicular
to the parallel tissue layers. Deformation of the bubble surfaces, leading to the onset of jetting, is taken into accountby including spherical harmonics in the boundary conditions on the bubbles, and translation is included through the
dipole mode. The effect of the tissue layers is taken into account through the potential energy of the system. Lagrange’s equations yield a system of eight coupled second-order ordinary differential equations for the shapes and positions of
the bubbles. Numerical integration of an expression for the liquid velocity at the tissue interfaces yields an estimate oftissue displacement. Simulations reveal behavior which is consistent with laboratory observations. For example, during
inertial growth and collapse of a single bubble the amount of vessel wall distention is predicted to be less than theassociated invagination, and the bubble is predicted to translate away from the nearest vessel wall while forming a jet
directed away from that wall. [Work supported by NIH grant nos. DK070618 and EB011603.]

May 23 (Wed)

3a A04.
Nonlinear interaction among oscillating non-spherical bubbles
Eru Kurihara

Oita University, Japan
Multiphase flow is one of the most important problem not only in the field of fl uid mechanics but also for industrial
applications. For cavitation flow, high-speed photographs have shown that mutually interacting bubbles experience
shape deformation and even form intense liquid jets. Such liquid jets are considered to be one of the mechanisms ofcollateral damage to tissue during the medical procedure like shock wave lithotripsy. Similarly, cavitation erosion may
be induced by the liquid jet or shock wave associated with violent bubble collapse. Regardless of the importance of the
problem, purely numerical simulations for cavitation flow is quite difficult because such calculations require enormous
computer resources. In this study, therefore, the dynamical equations for interacting non-spherical bubbles are derived
theoretically in the framework of Lagrangian formalism with multipole expansion of the bubble boundaries. Boundariesof the bubbles are expanded with spherical harmonics so that deformation and translation of the bubbles can be treated.
In order to compose the Lagrangian of the system, corresponding amplitudes of the spherical harmonics are chosen as
the generalized coordinate. The study takes account of the order of the spherical harmonics up to 3 (octupole mode)
because octupole mode is the lowest mode oscillation contributing asymmetrical deformation of the bubble. Derived
equations can represent motion of interacting non-spherical bubbles, which agree qualitatively with experimental results
including onset of jetting. As well as the general n-body problem, it should be noted that chaotic behavior may beobserved in the system of three or more bubbles.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

3a A05.
Orbital motions of bubbles in an acoustic field
Minori Shirota, Kou Yamashita, Takao Inamura

Faculty of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Japan
This experimental study aims to clarify the mechanism of orbital motion of two oscillating bubbles in an acoustic field.
Trajectory of the orbital motion in a standard round-bottom flask type levitator used in a single bubble sonoluminescence
experiment was observed using a high-speed video camera. Because of a good repeatability in volume oscillation of
bubbles, we were also able to observe the radial motion driven at 24 kHz by stroboscopic like imaging; the cyclic bubble
oscillation was appeared to slow down by capturing images at the framing rate close to the forcing frequency. The orbital
motions of bubbles raging from 0.13 to 0.18 mm were examined with different forcing amplitude and in different viscousoils. As a result, we found that pairs of bubbles revolve along an elliptic orbit around the center of mass of the orbiting
two bubbles. We also found that the two bubbles perform anti-phase radial oscillation. Although this radial oscillation
should result in a repulsive secondary Bjerknes force, the bubbles kept a constant separate distance of about 1 mm,
which indicates the existence of centripetal primary Bjerknes force. The angular velocity of orbital revolution increases
linearly with the increase in Bjerknes force. Coupled dynamics among radial pulsation, translational oscillation and orbital
revolution of bubbles are discussed based on the experimental results.

3a B01.
Nonlinear spectroscopy of closed delaminations and surface breaking
cracks: finite element simulations of clapping and nonlinear aircoupled emission
Steven Delrue, Koen Van Den Abeele
K.U.Leuven Campus Kortrijk, Belgium

Kissing bonds and clapping contacts inherently demand a nonlinear diagnostic method, applying a finite excitation
amplitude that is able to overcome an activation threshold to open and close the contact. In order to obtain a better
understanding and analysis of the macroscopic nonlinear behavior, we developed and investigated the results of a finite
element model that makes use of local node splitting and implements the non-linear constitutive behavior by means ofspring-damper elements with local activation thresholds at the delamination interface. Numerical experiments show thatsubharmonics and harmonics of the excitation frequency are generated by the clapping delamination if the excitation
amplitude is large enough to overcome the local activation threshold. The results of an intensive parametric study also
show that the shape, position, depth and orientation of one or multiple delaminations can be determined by studying
the excited subharmonic and harmonic frequencies and the corresponding amplitude patterns. To increase the signalto-noise ratio of the detected nonlinear contributions, sweep signals can be used in combination with the scaling
subtraction method. For surface breaking cracks, the model also confirms the emission radiation patterns of harmonicenergy in the surrounding air, as experimentally observed in NACE experiments (Nonlinear Air-coupled Emission).

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May 23 (Wed)

Invited Paper

3a B03.
Nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (NRUS) applied tofatigue damage evaluation in a pure copper
Toshihiro Ohtani, Yutaka Ishii

Shonan Institute of Technology, Japan
In this paper, we describe a monitoring technique of fatigue damage in 99.9 % pure copper plates under a cyclic 0-totension loading by the nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (NRUS), which is a resonance-based techniqueexploiting the significant nonlinear behavior of damaged materials. In NRUS, the resonant frequency of an object isstudied as a function of the excitation level. As the excitation level increases, the elastic nonlinearity is manifest by ashift in the resonance frequency. NRUS exhibits high sensitivity to microstructural change of damaged materials. We
use an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) to monitor NRUS of bulk shear wave propagating in the thickness
direction of the sample. The EMAT operates with the Lorentz-force mechanism and is the key to establish a monitoring
for microstructural change during fatigue with high sensitivity. Furthermore, use of EMAT makes contactless transduction
possibility. We also monitor the change of linear ultrasonic characterizations, shear-wave attenuation and velocity. NRUS
exhibits much larger sensitivity to the damage accumulation than the velocity. It rapidly increases from 70 % of fatigue
life to the fracture. The attenuation shows the peak at 80 % of the life. These are independence on the stress amplitude.
The NRUS evolution as creep progress is related to the microstructure change, especially, dislocation mobility. This is
supported by TEM observation for dislocation structure. This noncontact resonance-EMAT measurement can monitor
the evolution of NRUS throughout the fatigue life and has a potential to assess the damage advance and to predict thefatigue life of metals.

May 23 (Wed)

3a B04.
A quantitative imaging of bonding strength at the bonded solid-solidinterface obtained by nonlinear test
Jianjun Chen, De Zhang, Yiwei Mao

The Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, China
As well known, when a longitudinal wave propagates through an interface between solids, the contact acoustic
nonlinearity (CAN) will be generated dramatically due to micro-cracks, micro-defects existing at interface and thenonlinear parameter can be used to contour the bonding state of the interface. However the contour can only show
the relative state of bonding strength and can not be used to judge weather the multilayered composite materials in
use is safe because the safe judgment is not by the relative state while by the absolute value of the bonding strength.
For example, the difference of bonding state is small in the relative contour; it only indicates a uniform bonding state,
but does not indicate weather the bonding strength is strong or weak. Therefore characterization of quantitative
bonding strength at the interface is very important for judging a multilayered material in safe use. In this paper, how
to get the quantitative bonding strength from the CAN parameter is studied. After the vibration amplitude of incident
focusing wave at the bonded interface was calculated, the standard bonding strength with complete bonding state
was established by tension test and CAN parameter is calibrated, the quantitative imaging of the bonding strength isobtained by CAN microscope in experiments. From the imaging, the positions with weak bonding strength could be
easily located, which can be used to decide whether the material could be employed continuously. This abstract is
submitted to the organized session "Acoustic/elastic nonlinearity in media with complex structures".

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

3a B05.
Evaluation of the concrete structure integrity via nonlinear ultrasonicmeasurements
Marta Korenska, Monika Manychova, Michal Matysik

Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Republic
The paper deals with nonlinear interaction between elastic wave and structural defects in concrete specimens. Our
research has addressed three groups of specimens which differed from each other in the structure quality. After theconcrete hardening had been completed the specimens were divided into three groups. The first specimen group was
kept, in accordance with standard conditions, in water for the entire ripening period. The second specimen group was
kept in air in laboratory environment conditions and the third specimen group was placed for twelve days of the ripening
process into a dryer in which the air temperature was 60oC in order to increase the specimen load and obtain more
serious structure deterioration. Non-standard concrete ageing conditions resulted in the development of micro-cracks inthe specimen structure. In the first stage of the experiment we aimed at identifying the effect of non-standard conditionsof the concrete mix ripening on the structure integrity. A single harmonic ultrasonic signal method was applied to thespecimens and evaluating of the second and third harmonic components as a quantity of nonlinearity was reviewed.
After the first measurements the specimens were undergone freeze-thaw cycles. In the second stage of the experiment
our objective consisted of determining how the freeze-thaw cycle application induced degradation that depends on
the input structure initial quality. Verification measurements which have been carried out in parallel with the nonlinear
ultrasonic ones, give evidence of the specimen structure integrity deteriorations and confirm the correlation between
the non-linear effects on the transfer characteristics with the existence of defects in the specimen internal structure.

May 23 (Wed)

3a C01.
Improvement of energy conversion efficiency of thermoacoustic
engine by a multistage stack with multiple pore radii
Kohei Yanagimoto1, Shin-ichi Sakamoto2, Kentaro Kuroda1, Yosuke Nakano3,
Yoshiaki Watanabe1
1Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Japan,
Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, University of Shiga Prefecture, Japan,
3
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Japan
2

In the conventional thermoacoustic engine, the pore radius of stack is almost constant in the axial direction. Therefore,
we aim at the improvement of energy conversion efficiency of thermoacoustic engine by proposing a new type ofmultistage stack with multiple pore radii. The stack is composed of several stages, each of which is a bundle of a numberof narrow tubes with specified pore radii. The pore radius is determined so that its ratio to the thickness of acoustic
boundary layer on the tube wall may be a suitable value for the enhancement of the thermoacoustic oscillation in the
tube. Owing to the temperature gradient along the axis of the stack, however, the thickness of the acoustic boundary
layer changes along the axis and hence the suitable pore radius also changes in the axial direction. We therefore
introduce a multistage stack with multiple pore radii, thereby realizing a desired ratio of pore radius and boundary layer
thickness everywhere in the stack. The energy conversion efficiency of the multistage stack is experimentally studied
on a straight tube type thermoacoustic engine and compared with that of a conventional single-stage stack. In theexperiments, in spite that a sufficiently large temperature difference from ambient temperature near low-temperature
heat exchanger was not attained, we have been able to confirm a slight improvement of energy conversion efficiency.
Furthermore, we used a numerical method with transmittance matrix to include the effect of multistage stack, andobtained a good agreement between the experimental and numerical results. They show the future possibilities of thestack design aiming at the higher efficiency of the thermoacoustic engine.

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3a C02.
Thermoaccoustics design using stems of goose down stack
Irna - Farikhah

IKIP PGRI Semarang, Indonesia
Use of CFC-contained systems has causes severe environmental hazard that have researchers looking for alternative.
Previous studies have shown that thermoaccoustics technology is suited a candidate for conventional vapor compression
cooling system in particular for special uses1. Many variable influence to optimalize thermoaccoustics design.One ofthem is conductivity of material of stack. The Stack material must have a low thermal conductivity and a heat capacity
cs larger than the heat capacity of the working gas, in order that the temperature of the stack plates is steady 2. In thisresearch we used organic stack made of goose down. It has superior thermal insulating and a heat capacity cs larger
than the heat capacity of the working gas3. It means that they have lowest thermal conductivity and temperature of
the stack plates is steady. In this research we just used stems of goose down because of it easier for design of stack. The
system uses no refrigerant or compressor, and the only mechanical moving part is the loudspeaker connected to a signal
generator that produces the acoustics.The working fluid is air and the material of resonator is PVC. A series test on thelaboratory found that there are thermoaccoustics effect was produced by the thermoaccoustics design using stems of
goose down stack. Keyword : thermoaccoustics design, stems of goose down stack
References:1) Mohd Ghazali Normah, Abd Aziz Azhar, Rajoo Sritar, Che Sidek Nor Aswadi, Enviromentally friendly refrigeration withthermoaccoustics, Reseach Report, Faculty of Mechanic of University Technology Malaisya, 2006
2) Tijani MEH, Zeegers JCH, deWaele ATAM, Design of Thermoaccoustics refrigerator. Cryogenic 2002
3) Gao Jing, Yu Weidong and Pan Ning, Structures and Properties of the Goose Down as a Material for Thermal Insulation,
Textile Research Journal 2007; 77; 617

May 23 (Wed)

3a C03.
Amplitude dependence of thermoacoustic properties of stacked wire
meshesAtsushi Obayashi, Tetsushi Biwa
Tohoku University, Japan

We studied two types of regenerators experimentally through measurements of acoustic powers entering and leaving
the regenerator. The type I regenerator has uniform flow channels and is made of ceramic honeycomb catalyst or
stacked etching meshes. The type II has complicate flow channels because it is comprised of stacked wire meshes. The
regenerator was installed in a tube containing air at atmospheric pressure. The acoustic power was determined frompressure measurements by using two-sensor method, when acoustic drivers forced the gas oscillation at 44 Hz. Fromexperiments without the axial temperature difference along the regenerator, we determined the resistance per unit
length for the regenerator. It was found to be independent of volumetric acoustic velocity for the type I, as expectedfrom linear theory. On the other hand, the resistance increased in proportion to the velocity for the type II. An empiricalequation of the resistance was obtained for the type II by using two dimensionless parameters of acoustic Reynolds
number and ωτν, where ω is the angular frequency and τν is the viscous relaxation time of the gas. In the presence ofa positive temperature difference, acoustic power production was measured as the difference between the acoustic
powers at hot and cold ends of the regenerator. The contribution of the temperature gradient was extracted by taking
into account the acoustic power damping by the resistance. The acoustic power production due to the temperature
gradient was proportional to the square of velocity amplitude in the type I. On the other hand, it was expressed by
the sum of cubic and square terms in the type II. Appearance of cubic term is not expected within a framework of thethermoacoustic theory, whereas the result obtained for the type I gave a support to the thermoacoustic theory.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

3a C04.
Investigation of the acoustic field in a standing wave thermoacoustic
refrigerator using time-resolved particle image velocimetry
Philippe Blanc-Benon1, Gaëlle Poignand2, Emmanuel Jondeau1
1

LMFA UMR CNRS 5509 , France, 2LAUM UMR CNRS 6613, France

3a C05.
High-amplitude acoustic oscillations externally induced in athermoacoustic engine
Hideki Seki, Masataka Sakamoto, Yuki Ueda
Tokyo University of A&T, JapanThe acoustic intensity is the rate of the energy transmission due to an acoustical gas oscillation through a unit area andincreases with the square of the increasing pressure amplitude. This provides motivation to design a thermoacoustic
engine operating at higher pressure amplitude. On the other hand, the increasing of pressure amplitude causes the
problems due to the nonlinearity of acoustic wave. One of the most important nonlinearities would be the generationof shock wave. However, very few studies have investigated the generation of the shock wave in a thermoacoustic
engine. In this work, we constructed a standing wave thermoacoustic engine having the piston that allowed us to
input an external oscillation. The constructed thermoacoustic engine was composed of a 4 m length tube and a stackof flat plates. One end of the tube was closed and the other was attached to the piston via bellows. Using the piston, we
controlled the pressure oscillation induced in the engine and determined the critical pressure amplitude at which theshock wave was generated as a function of the temperature ratio across the stack. It was found that the critical pressure
amplitude was about 10% of mean pressure when the temperature ratio was unity, and however, it decreased with theincreasing in the temperature ratio.

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May 23 (Wed)In thermoacoustic devices, the full understanding of the heat transfer between the stack and the heat exchangers is a key
issue to improve the global efficiency of these devices. Thermoacoustic refrigerators are systems which convert acoustic
energy into thermal energy. More precisely, a standing-wave thermoacoustic refrigerator consists of a stack of plates
placed in an acoustic resonator. The thermoacoustic effect takes place in the thermal and viscous boundary layers alongeach plate of the stack. It results in a thermoacoustic heat transport along the plates and in a temperature difference
between the two stack ends. Two heat exchangers are located at each stack extremity. They play an important role since
they allow the heat transfer from the stack to the surroundings. The heat transfer between the heat exchangers andthe stack of plates is a complex process because of the oscillating flow in the device. This heat transfer, which is directly
related to the efficiency of the systems, is still not completely understood. Moreover, to achieve significant efficiency
a high pressure level is required. For this high pressure level, non linearities can occur at the extremities of the stack.
They result in thermal wave harmonics and in vortex shedding at the extremity of the stack, which can disturb the heattransfer and thus reduce the global efficiency of the device. For instance, non periodicity of the flow behind the stack has
been observed, at high pressure level, numerically and experimentally. This unsteady behaviour, is accompanied by theappearance of a large-amplitude wavy motion which have an effect on the cooling load. Recently, classical PIV technique
has been used to investigate the vortex phenomenon behind a single stack. The influence of some dimensionlessparameters on the vortex wake patterns have been studied. However, in these previous studies, velocity fields have beenobtained without heat exchanger as it will be in a realistic device. In addition, instantaneous velocity fields are averaged
to obtained the velocity field which can affect the estimation of the heat transfer, if the cycle-to-cycle variations of theflow is important.

Invited Lecture

3a L4.
Understanding of thermoacoustic phenomena and theirapplications
Tetsushi Biwa
Tohoku University, Japan
We will present the physical mechanism of thermoacoustic phenomena from experimental point ofview, and introduce some applications of them as acoustic heat engines. Problem of acoustic wave
propagation in a tube gives a starting point for the study of thermoacoustic phenomena. We show
measurements of propagation constant in a tube for a wide range of ωτ, where ω is the angularfrequency of acoustic waves, and τ is a thermal relaxation time for the gas to equilibrate with tube
walls. Comparison with theoretical solution for wide tube approximation (ωτ >> 1) and that for
narrow tube approximation (ωτ << 1) show the presence of intermediate ωτ region where thermalinteraction between the gas and the solid walls is sufficiently strong whereas the viscous interaction
is moderate. As Ceperley predicted theoretically, when an acoustic traveling wave goes throughdifferentially heated porous media with such ωτ values, acoustic power amplification becomes
possible because of a thermodynamic cycle that the gas executes. Experiments of the acoustic
power at the ends of a stack of plates with 0.1 < ωτ < 20 is shown to verify his proposal. The concept

May 23 (Wed)of acoustic Stirling heat engine has promoted the recent developments of various energy conversion
devices with extremely simple structures. For example, the acoustic Stirling heat engine has achieved
a thermal efficiency comparable to conventional heat engine technologies. Also, thermoacoustics
has made it possible to make a pistonless cooler in which an acoustic wave generated from heatpumps heat from the cold end. Operation of these devices will be shown based on energy flow
diagrams.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

3p A06.
Studying acoustic and shock wave effects accompanying the opticalbreakdown of water and some alcohols by 1,064 nm nanosecond
radiations
Grigory Toker

Research Prof., Chemical Dept., Technion, Israel

3p A07.
Peak gas density during shock driven cavity collapse
Nicholas Hawker, Yiannis Ventikos

Dept of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
This paper examines the peak gas densities achieved during collapse of a gas cavity in a liquid medium by a shockwave.
Study of this phenomenon has relevance to shockwave lithotripsy, sensitization of explosives and cavitation damage. It
is also of interest in a more fundamental sense, due to the complexity of the fluid dynamic mechanisms and the level ofenergy focusing that such a collapse demonstrates. We use the high resolution front tracking code FronTier to numerically
explore the collapse process. FronTier uses an overlaid lower dimensional Lagrangian grid to represent discontinuities
in flow on top of a uniform Cartesian grid for solving the basic conservation equations. The Lagrangian grid-front isadvanced each timestep based on physical rules and yields excellent resolution of the gas-liquid contact, completely freefrom numerical smearing.
Recent work by the authors began with a detailed analysis and classification of the dynamics of shock driven cavity
collapse. It continued with a parametric study varying the incident shock strength from 100MPa to 100GPa. Within thiswe uncovered a novel and counter-intuitive result; as the shock strength is increased (over the range indicated) the peakgas density monotonically decreases. A feature of shock driven cavity collapse is the formation of a high speed transverse
jet which impacts the leeward cavity wall; it is at this point of impact that the highest gas densities occur. The unusual
trend can be explained by observing the bow shock that forms in front of this jet. Before impact the bow shock reflectsfrom the leeward wall. This reflected bow shock recompresses the gas and then interacts with the fast approaching jet
to form a re-reflected bow shock. A weaker shock gives a slower jet; hence there is a greater amount of time available forthese reflections and as many as four can be seen. For higher pressure incident shocks the jet moves faster and even asingle reflection can become difficult to resolve. The nature of shock compression means that, whilst the pressures andtemperatures are higher, the density is less for a stronger shock. This paper presents these results and then concludes byinvestigating the effect of different gas properties on these dynamics. We conduct a dimensional analysis to interpret our
results and then utilize this understanding to speculate a comparison between gas and vapor cavities.

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May 23 (Wed)Specific effects accompanied the optical breakdown in water and alcohols (methanol, ethanol, butanol and heptanol)
initiated by 1,064 nm focused laser radiation were investigated by applying high spatial resolution nanosecond optical
diagnostic techniques: dark field Schlieren, shadow and Mach-Zehnder interferometry. As a probing beam was usedcollimated 532nm radiation of second Nd:YAG laser synchronized with the first laser. The testing the laser breakdown
region was realized in 900 geometry setup. The dynamics of a laser spark column was studied in wide range of timedelays of probing beam relative to breakdown pulse: from shortest (few ns) as well as for relatively long time delays ~1
μs. The shortest time delays are characterized by generation of powerful micro spherical shock waves over inclusions
which getting a strong acoustic wave after 100-200 ns. Structural characteristics of a laser spark column in the liquids
were visualized by imaging the breakdown region on the sensitive area of a CMOS camera or a photo film by an opticalcollimator. The discrete structure of a plasma column leads to the effect of interference of the strong acoustic waves. The
mechanism of optical breakdown is discussed. Dynamics of micro-spherical shock waves and bubbles over inclusions
was studied. As a result of laser radiation absorption the warming liquids in the focal volume was observed and different
character of thermo-relaxation is visualized in water and alcohols. Self-focusing and canalization of the heating laser
beam was observed in the alcohols. At the same time water behaviors itself as a linear liquid.

Invited Paper

3p A08.
News from bubble dynamics: high static pressures, shock waves andinterior dynamics
Werner Lauterborn, Thomas Kurz, Philipp Koch, Mohsen Alizadeh, Hendrik Söhnholz,
Daniel Schanz
Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Germany

Three topics from the vast area of bubble dynamics are addressed: (i) the influence of high static pressure on theoscillation of a spherical bubble in a sound field (calculations), (ii) the response of a bubble to a shock wave (experiments),
and (iii) the interior dynamics as seen by molecular dynamics calculations. The influence of high static pressureson bubble dynamics is explored in the context of a single spherical noble gas bubble in a sound field for the further
parameters bubble radius at rest, sound field frequency, sound pressure amplitude and gas concentration. The notion ofa bubble habitat is used for positionally and spherically stable, not dissolving bubbles in some two-dimensional spaceof parameters (mainly bubble radius at rest and sound pressure amplitude) for presenting the results. An elevated staticpressure substantially enlarges the bubble habitat and thus the range, where bubbles can be stably trapped. Shockwave - bubble interaction is investigated in the context of laser induced bubbles collapsing in the neighborhood of asolid, plane boundary. Jet development as influenced by both the boundary and by a shock wave propagating parallelto the boundary is studied by high speed photography. The jet direction is dependent on bubble distance and shock
wave strength, becoming more oblique with shock wave strength. The interior of a bubble is explored by molecular
dynamics for testing homogeneity assumptions for physical quantities during bubble oscillation. Temperature anddensity are calculated for different species in the bubble, as there are noble gases, water vapor and its decomposition
products.

Invited Paper

May 23 (Wed)

3p B06.
Nonlinear dynamical processes in media with relaxation
Lev A. Ostrovsky1,2, Andrey V. Lebedev2
1

Zel Technologies and University of Colorado, United States, 2Institute of Applied Physics, Russia

By present, a rich experimental material has been collected demonstrating that in media with complex structure such as
rock and non-consolidated soils, the elastic response is characterized by a relaxation (slow time), so that after the actionof a strong, short-time force, the medium elastic properties need many minutes, or even some hours, to return to theirinitial state. Also some physical models explaining such a phenomenon (based on water content, thermal, kinetic, anddiffusion effects) have been suggested. However, there is apparently almost no works concerning modeling the effectsof medium relaxation on wave propagation and oscillations. This presentation is intended to partially fill this gap. Amongthe problems discussed are:
1. A brief overview of experiments and models.
2. Analysis of wave propagation in several models with slow time, including those with hysteresis.
3. Field experiments on propagation of Rayleigh waves in a non-consolidated soil during the restoration of the material
parameters after a short-time impact.
In conclusion, some unsolved issues and relevant future work are outlined.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

3p B08.
Localization of a nonlinear source in the bulk of a solid
Pierre-Yves Le Bas1, Timothy J Ulrich1, Paul A Johnson1, Brian E Anderson2
1

Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States, 2Brigham Young University, United States

3p C06.
Account of heat convection by Rayleigh streaming in the descriptionof wave amplitude growth and stabilization in a standing wave
thermoacoustic prime-mover
Guillaume Penelet1, Matthieu Guedra1, Vitalyi Gusev2
1

Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Universite du Maine, France, 2Laboratoire de Physique de l'Etat Condense, FranceThis study focuses on the transient regime of wave amplitude growth and stabilization occuring into a standing wave
thermoacoustic engine. Experiments are performed on a standing wave thermoacoustic oscillator, which show thatthe transient regime leading to steady state sound exhibits complicated dynamics, like the systematic overshoot ofwave amplitude before its final stabilization, and the spontaneous and periodic switch on/off of the thermoacoustic
instability at constant heat power supply. A simplified model is presented which describes wave amplitude growthfrom the coupled equations describing thermoacoustic amplification and unsteady heat transfer. In this model, theassumption of a one-dimensional temperature profile is retained and the equations describing heat transfer throughthe thermoacoustic core are coupled to that describing wave amplitude growth. These equations include the simplified
description of the processes saturating wave amplitude growth (minor losses, additional losses due to nonlinear
propagation, heat pumping by acoustic waves), among which the heat convection by Rayleigh streaming is included
in a very simplified way. It is notably shown that accounting for the effect of acoustic streaming allows to reproduce
qualitatively the overshoot process.

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May 23 (Wed)Time Reversal (TR) has the potential to become a powerful tool in non-destructive evaluation. Coupled with nonlinear
properties of cracks in a group of techniques known as Time Reverse Nonlinear Elastic Wave Spectroscopy (TRNEWS),
it provides the means to detect and image mechanical damage in complex solids. Although this has been quite
well studied for surface cracks, buried features have been only considered in modeling situation. In this prototype
experimental study we show that we can excite a buried nonlinear feature applying TR. The feature scatters energy thatis detected on the sample perimeter. The time signals are filtered about the nonlinear-generated components and arebroadcast back, focusing on their source, the buried nonlinear feature. The current challenge is introducing sufficientenergy in order to excite the buried feature and produce nonlinear scattering that can be detected on the edges of thesample. This was achieved using a 30 channel system. Two features were localized: a part of the interface between two
blocks submitted to a high amplitude signal, and a defect on the same interface (a cured drop of glue creating hardcontact between the two solids, thus distorting waves travelling at this point and generating nonlinear signals). Results
are visualized using the energy flux quantity to find the location where the wave field coalesces.

3p C07.
Numerical analysis of thermoacoustic spontaneous oscillations in a
2D rectangular and an axisymmetric closed tube
Masahiro Ishigaki1, Koichiro Shirai2, Shizuko Adachi3, Katsuya Ishii2,4
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan,
Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan,
3
School of Business and Commerce, Tokyo International University, Japan,
4
Information Technology Center, Nagoya University, Japan2

For understanding fundamental dynamics of thermoacoustic oscillations, we analyze the stability of thermoacoustic
spontaneous oscillations of helium gas (Taconis oscillation) using the numerical simulation. Taconis oscillations are observedin a helium-filled tube with a liquid helium reservoir. The flow fields in a 2D rectangular closed tube and an axisymmetriccylindrical closed tube are simulated by solving the 2D or axisymmetric compressible Navier-Stokes equations, respectively.
Both ends of the tube are hot, and the center part is cold. In order to obtain various thicknesses of the boundary layers in thetube, we use various values of the initial pressure of the helium gas. Taconis oscillations are simulated in a 2D rectangular tube
with the length ratio of the hot part and cold part ξ = 1 for various temperature ratios θ of the hot part and the cold part. The
steady oscillations of the fundamental mode of a standing wave are observed when θ exceeds a critical value. The hysteresis
phenomena are observed when the boundary layers are thin. However, the hysteresis phenomenon is not observed when theboundary layer is thick. The critical temperature ratios for each initial pressure almost agree with those by theoretical analysis
by Rott. On the other hand, we analyze the Taconis oscillations in an axisymmetric tube with ξ = 1 and 0.3. In both cases of ξ
= 1.0 and 0.3, steady oscillations of the fundamental mode of a standing wave are obtained, and the critical temperature ratios
agree with the theoretical prediction by Rott. In the case of ξ = 0.3 the second mode of the oscillation and an acoustic wave
with discontinuity are observed as well as the fundamental mode. Most of the temperature ratios for these oscillation states(the fundamental mode, the second mode and the oscillations with a shock wave) are included in the unstable region of thestability curve by plotting the data points against the ratio of the tube radius to the thickness of the viscous boundary layers at
the cold part. We analyze the Taconis oscillations in a 2D rectangular and an axisymmetric closed tube numerically, and show
the stabilities of each type of the oscillations.

May 23 (Wed)3p C08.
Numerical simulations of thermoacoustic oscillations in a looped tube
Dai Shimizu, Kohei Nishikawa, Nobumasa Sugimoto

Department of Mechanical Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, University of Osaka, Japan
This paper attempts to simulate, by using a boundary-layer theory, emergence of thermoacoustic oscillations in an
air-filled, looped tube with a so-called stack inserted and subjected to a temperature gradient. Although the theory
can describe the emergence of self-excited Taconis oscillations in a helium-filled, quarter-wavelength tube, it is open
whether or not the theory is applicable to the case of the looped tube because the stack consists of many narrow tubes.
According to the marginal conditions derived by Ueda & Kato (J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 124(2), pp.851-858 (2008)) for linear
instability, the marginal curves for the temperature ratio versus the tube radius in the stack are shown to consist of rightand left branches with respect to the minimum temperature ratio. As far as the right branch is concerned, there must
be a situation to which the boundary-layer theory is still applicable. With expectation of this, the theory is applied not
only to the gas in the wide tube outside of the stack but also to the one in the narrow tube in the stack. In doing this,
discontinuities in temperature gradient, the tube's cross-sectional area and wetted perimeter at its both ends are taken
into account. Assuming geometrical configuration studied by Ueda & Kato, an initial-value problem is solved numericallyby imposing a disturbance in the axial velocity impulsively along the loop with no pressure disturbance. From themarginal curves obtained, it is found that the temperature ratios for the marginal oscillations are slightly lower thanthe experimental results by Ueda & Kato. It is also seen that the temperature distribution along the thermal buffer tube
affects the marginal conditions. By pursuing evolution of physical variables, it is unveiled that traveling waves tend to
emerge in the course of time.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Invited Lecture

3p L5.
Nonlinear acoustic/seismic waves in earthquake processes
Paul A. Johnson
Geophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
Nonlinear dynamics due to seismic sources is common in Earth. Observations range from seismic
strong ground motion (the most damaging aspect of earthquakes), intense near-source effects, anddistant nonlinear effects that have important consequences. The distant effects include dynamic
earthquake triggering—one of the most fascinating topics in seismology today—which appears tobe elastically nonlinearly driven. Dynamic earthquake triggering is the phenomenon whereby seismic
waves generated from one earthquake trigger slip events on a nearby or distant fault. Dynamic
triggering may take place at distances thousands of kilometers from the triggering earthquake,and includes triggering of the entire spectrum of slip behaviors currently identified. These include
triggered earthquakes and a noise-like, long-duration signal termed tremor, as well as triggered slow,
silent-slip during which no seismic energy is radiated. It appears that the elastic nonlinear dynamics
of the fault gouge—the granular material located between the fault blocks—is key to the triggering
phenomenon.
geoscientists, with a primary focus on dynamic wave triggering. The triggering portion will include
Earth observations, laboratory experiments and numerical modeling.

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May 23 (Wed)In this presentation I will provide an overview of different nonlinear phenomena in Earth for non-Invited Paper

3p A10.
Observing multi-bubble sonoluminescence in phosphoric acid
Kai Yang1, Maimaititusong Maimaitiming1,2, Cui Ying Zhang1,3, Qi Rong Zhu1, Yu An1
1

Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, China, 2Hetian Institute of Education, China,
College of Physics and Electronic Information, Hulunbeir University, China

3

We observe multi-bubble sonoluminescence at an intense acoustic standing wave field in phosphoric acid. Rotating
the liquid column in a cylindrical flask, we find the rotating velocity is inversely proportional to the distance from thecentral axis. According to Bernoulli’s principle, there forms pressure gradient and Bjerknes force assembles those widely
spread cavitation air bubbles to the vicinity of the axis. Then, there appears a twister tail type luminescent region at
the centre of flask from where a continuum of visible and near-infrared spectrum is measured. Using a photomultipliertube, we observe that the flash is not exactly periodic, and the times of flash from those bubbles are some different.
These phenomena may be interpreted qualitatively by numerically solving the cavitation dynamic equation together
with the bubble motion equation. In fact, each vibrating bubble produces radiation pressure onto the other bubbles
which is the bubble-bubble interaction. This interaction may be described by a nonlinear sound wave equation in
bubbly liquid, which is the cavitation dynamic equation. Our calculation reveals how the bubble-bubble interaction
affects the sound wave intensity and bubble motion in cavitation cloud. In addition, we also observe phenomena which
are uninterpretable in the present paper: solving sodium phosphate into phosphoric acid, we find the multi-bubble
sonoluminescence dramatically weakens; in a few millimeters thin layer of phosphoric acid , we observe multi-bubble
sonoluminescence, too, and find the luminescent intensity sensitively depends on the layer thickness of the liquid .

May 23 (Wed)

3p A12.
Two components of Na atom emission from collapsing bubbles insurfactant solutions
Yuichi Hayashi, Pak-Kon Choi
Meiji University, Japan

Sonoluminescene from alkali-metal atoms has been studied intensively in recent years because its emission mechanism
is still under debate. In a surfactant solution containing Na+ ion, such as sodium dodecyle sulfate (SDS), the intensityof Na emission is known to be enhanced because of the high local concentration of Na+ ions around bubble surfaces
which are adsorbed by surfactant molecules. We observed multi-bubble sonoluminescence spectra from SDS solutions
saturated with Ar gas at the frequencies of 148 kHz and 1 MHz. The results showed that the Na emission at 148
kHz consists of broadened lines which are shifted from original D lines and unshifted narrow lines. Sonication-timedependence of the Na emission was also measured with every 3 minutes for the total sonication time of 30 minutes. The
unshifted narrow line gradually disappeared with sonication time, and the only shifted broadened line remained after 12
minutes. The spectra obtained at 1 MHz showed only unshifted narrow lines and no shifted broad lines. The unshifted
narrow lines are easily affected by decomposition gases derived from SDS molecules inside bubbles. Previous studyof saturation-gas dependence of Na emission spectra has suggested that the shifted broadened lines come from thegas phase inside bubbles. The present results suggest that the narrow lines also originate from gas phase although theemitting environment of two components will be different.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

3p B10.
Dilatance and acoustic non linearity of dry and saturated marine sandNora A. Vilchinska

LAA-Latvian Acoustics Association, Latvia

3p B11.
Comparative study of two wideband nonlinear methods applied to an
experimental model of prostheses osseointegration
Jacques Riviere1, Sylvain Haupert1, Pascal Laugier1, Paul Johnson2
1
2

UPMC Univ Paris 6 & CNRS, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Paramétrique, France,
EES-17, Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States

This work is part of the long-term perspective to implement in vivo some new non-invasive methods to monitor thebone prostheses sealing or osseointegration (dental implants, hip prostheses). Although the most widely used clinically,
X-ray radiography suffers from low sensitivity, limiting for instance its ability to detect early loosening of a prosthesis. The
potential of methods developed over the past twenty years and based on elasticity measurements has been shown invitro, but their in vivo effectiveness is still questionable. In this study, we compare two nonlinear wideband methods,
suited to the highly dissipative conditions. The first one is the so-called scaling subtractive method, and the second one
is based on the analysis of intercorrelation functions. Associated with an instrumentation close from an in vivo case, anexperimental model is studied, comprised of an interface between a dental implant and either a mock cortical bone or abovine bone. This approach allows the extraction of the most promising nonlinear parameters for this application. Thus,
we show that one nonlinear parameter extracted from the analysis of intercorrelation functions has an higher sensitivity
than any other one. Also, its sensitivity is compared to that of a commercial parameter based on linear elasticity. Results
show that this work will have to be carried on in the future by complementary experiments, including manifold typesof prostheses (material, geometry, surface roughness) and bone quality, to compare in a more detailed and absolutemanner the sensitivity of both approaches. In addition, we propose some new perspectives to increase the sensitivity of
the nonlinear method.

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May 23 (Wed)In practice the mechanism of volume change-dilatation is the reason of the sharp nonlinear response of pure quartz sea
sand (granulated material) on dynamic and static loading. It is shown in jumping change of velocity of propagation,in
short-term sands liquefaction. Dilatance in laboratory and in -situ were observed. Experiments were carried out on thedense water-saturated quartz marine sand on Riga-er bay beaches, Latvia, in situ and in laboratory on samples of thesame sand. Were studied the of surface waves propagation velocity from impact (the weight of 16 kg, falling from 5cm
till 200cm) and from micro explosion. Loading regimes from quasi static till strong motions are realized. It is shown,that
propagation velocity and resonant frequencies of marine sands depend from energy in shock .The lowe velocity zone
is the dilatance zone. The same is observed at laboratory experiments at the tree axial test device with sounding: fallingcompression wave velocity caused by dilatance. Experiments on vibro table of water-saturated sand confirm existence ofa threshold of accelerations, causing dilatance. Is measured dilatance propagation velocity in-situ. The role of dilatance information short-term liquefaction in water-saturated marine soils around the objects on bottom is discussed. Dilatanceoccurrence in sandy marine soils is accompanied by signals of acoustic emission.

3p B12.
Imaging of partial plastic deformation in thin steel plate by immersion
nonlinear ultrasonic resonance
Koichiro Kawashima1, Ryusuke Imanishi1, Fumio Fujita2, Takumi Aida2
1

Nonlinear Ultrasonic Lab. Ltd., Japan, 2Insight k.k., JapanClassic ultrasonic materials evaluation is based on sound velocity and/or attenuation measurement. However they are
not sensitive to detect the changes of microstructures such as dislocation density, microvoids and microcracks, whichappear in the early stage of material degradation. On the contrary, higher harmonic amplitudes show good correlation
with densities of dislocations and precipitations and microcracks. However, the higher harmonic imaging of such material
degradation has not been reported. The present paper describes a novel nonlinear ultrasonic imaging technique using
immersion local resonance and the application to partial plastic deformation in a perforated steel plate and a plastic
zone ahead of a low cycle fatigue crack in a plate of 7075 aluminum alloy. By using a focused immersion transducer, local
resonance in thickness is excited in a thin metal plate and higher harmonics are extracted from received waves by highpass filters. The higher harmonic amplitude and time delay to the peak amplitude are mapped to the scanned area. The
technique is applied for imaging partial plastic deformation in a SUS 304 strip with a hole and a 7075 aluminum alloy
plate subjected to low cycle fatigue. The higher harmonic amplitude image of the plastic deformation well corresponds
to micro Vickers hardness number and electron backscatter diffraction images. The delay time image clearly delineatedthe plastic zone ahead of a low cycle fatigue crack. This imaging technique could be applied for nondestructive
evaluation of material properties and degradation such as densities of dislocation, inclusions, microviods, and microcracks
in metal and those of reinforced particles and short fibers in composites.

May 23 (Wed)3p C10.
Asymptotic analysis of thermoacoustic effects near the critical point
Pierre Carles1,2
1

Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), France, 2Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, UnitedStatesThis work examines the rapid thermal relaxation of a fixed-volume cell filled with a fluid near its liquid-vapor critical point.
On the acoustic time-scale, a local heat flux (emitted from a boundary or from an immersed heating device) creates avery thin thermal boundary layer, which expands strongly due to the fluid’s enormous compressibility. As a result, a set ofthermoacoustic waves propagate in the bulk fluid, slowly building up pressure and increasing the average temperature.
On the long term, this process leads to the now well-known Piston Effect, speeding up temperature relaxation near theliquid-vapor critical point. On the acoustic time-scale, it demonstrates an extreme case of “thermal noise”, where a local
heat input inside a compressible fluid leads to the generation of strong (and sometimes non linear) thermoacoustic
waves.
Although this near-critical thermoacoustic phenomenon had been the object of earlier theoretical works (Zappoli
and Carlès, Eur. J. Mech./B Fluids 14, 1 (1995) ), it was not experimentally observed until the recent work of Miura et al. inJapan (Miura et al., Phys. Rev. E 74, 010101(R) (2006) ). This first experiment triggered a renewed interest in a more detailed
modeling of the problem, both theoretically (Carlès, Phys. Fluids 18, 126102 (2006), Onuki, Phys. Rev. E 76, 061126 (2007) ) andnumerically (Zhang and Shen, Phys. Rev. 79, 060103 (2009) ).
In this work, we develop our initial 2006 asymptotic model in order to explore new case studies, like resonance effects
and active wave cancellation. We also perform direct comparisons with recent numerical results which, added to theearlier experimental comparisons, confirm that asymptotic models such as ours can be a powerful tool for analyzingnear-critical thermoacoustic phenomena.

100

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

3p C11.
Nonlinearity analysis of model-scale jet noise
Kent L. Gee1, Anthony A. Atchley2, Lauren E. Falco2, Micah R. Shepherd3
1

Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, United States,
Graduate Program in Acoustics, The Pennsylvania State University, United States,
3
Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, United States2

3p C12.
Numerical study of a silencer
Mikael A Langthjem1, Masami Nakano2
1

Yamagata University, Japan, 2Tohoku University, Japan

The present study is concerned with the sound generated by the flow through an axisymmetric duct, consisting of an
expansion chamber followed by a tailpipe. The system can be viewed as a model of a simple automotive silencer. The
aim of the silencer is to attenuate pulsating combustion noise; but in certain parameter ranges the silencer may act as asound generator as well. Self-sustained fluid oscillations may exist in the expansion chamber due to the impingementof the jet shear layer onto the cavity end wall. (This kind of mechanism is utilized in the common teapot whistle.) If thecavity ‘roof’ is removed the phenomenon is known as the hole-tone feedback cycle. In case of the silencer configurationconsidered here, the self-sustained flow oscillations may interact with the acoustic modes of the cavity and the tailpipe.
The aim of the study is to acquire a good understanding of how such interactions can occur. At this time the analysis islimited to axisymmetric modes only. The theory is formulated in terms of cylindrical polar coordinates. The backgroundflow is simulated via a discrete vortex method which represents the unstable shear layer as a ‘necklace’ of axisymmetricvortex rings. The aeroacoustic source modeling is based on Howe’s theory of vortex sound for low Mach number flows.
The scattering of sound due the expansion chamber and the tailpipe is included via a time-domain boundary element
model. The nonlinear flow-acoustic interaction is accounted for by evaluating the acoustic velocity field (from thecomputed pressure field) and imposing it to the free vortex rings, as a feedback. In this way the flow oscillations are
modulated and may ‘lock-in’ to the resonance frequencies of the cavity and the tail pipe.

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May 23 (Wed)In the analysis of high-amplitude jet noise for nonlinear acoustic propagation, limitations in measurement bandwidth andpropagation range can create difficulties in identifying nonlinear propagation effects via power spectral comparisons.
This can be of particular importance in anechoic, model-scale jet noise measurements, where many frequencies ofinterest are above the audio range and maximum propagation range is limited by chamber size. Hence, the ability to
extract evidence of nonlinearity directly from time waveform analysis can be important. This paper describes the use ofa spectrally-based “nonlinearity indicator” to complement ordinary spectral analysis of jet noise propagation data. This
indicator stems directly from ensemble averaging the generalized Burgers equation and involves the cross spectrum
between the temporal acoustic pressure and the square of the acoustic pressure. This spectral quantity is applied tounheated model-scale jet noise from subsonic and supersonic nozzles. The results demonstrate how the indicator canbe used to interpret the evolution of power spectra in the transition from the geometric near to far field. Geometricnear-field and nonlinear effects can be distinguished from one another, thus lending additional physical insight into the
propagation.

4a A01.
Tissue lesion created by HIFU in continuous scanning mode
Dong Zhang, TingBo Fan

Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing Univ, China, China
The lesion formation were numerically and experimentally investigated by the continuous scanning mode. Simulations
were presented based on the combination of Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetov (KZK) equation and bio-heat equation.
Measurements performed on porcine liver tissues using a 1.12 MHz single-element focused transducer at various
acoustic powers, confirmed the predicted results. Controlling of the peak temperature and lesion by the scanning speed
may be exploited for improvement of efficiency in HIFU therapy. This work was supported by the National Basic Research
Program 973 (Grant No. 2011CB707900) from Ministry of Science and Technology, China, National Natural Science
Foundation of China (10974093 and 11011130201), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos. 1103020402 and 1112020401).

4a A02.
Real-time sonoporation through HeLa cells
Anthony Delalande1, Spiros Kotopoulis1, Chantal Pichon2, Michiel Postema1
University of Bergen, Norway, 2University of Orléans, France

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical mechanisms of sonoporation, to understand and ameliorate
ultrasound-assisted drug and gene delivery. Sonoporation is the transient permeabilisation of a cell membrane withhelp of ultrasound and/or an ultrasound contrast agent, allowing for the trans-membrane delivery and cellular uptake ofmacromolecules between 10 kDa and 3 MDa. We studied the behaviour of ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles nearcancer cells at low acoustic amplitudes. After administering an ultrasound contrast agent, HeLa cells were subjected to
6.6-MHz ultrasound with a mechanical index of 0.2 and observed with a high-speed camera. Microbubbles were seen
to enter cells and rapidly dissolve. The quick dissolution after entering suggests that the microbubbles lose (part of )their shell whilst entering. We have demonstrated that lipid-shelled microbubbles can be forced to enter cells at a low
mechanical index. Hence, if a therapeutic load is added to the bubble, ultrasound-guided delivery could be facilitated
at diagnostic settings. However, these results may have implications for the safety regulations on the use of ultrasoundcontrast agents for diagnostic imaging.

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103

May 24 (Thu)14a A03.
Sonoluminescence, sonochemistry and bubble dynamics of single
bubble cavitation
Shin-ichi Hatanaka

Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, JapanThe amount of hydroxyl radicals produced from a single cavitation bubble was quantified by terephthalate dosimetryat various frequencies and pressure amplitudes, while the dynamics of the single bubble was observed by stroboscopic
and light-scattering methods. Also, sonoluminescence (SL), sonochemiluminescence (SCL) of luminol, and sodium atomemission (Na*) in the cavitation field were observed. The amount of hydroxyl radicals per cycle as well as the intensity of
SL was proportional to pressure amplitude at every frequency performed, and it decreased with increasing frequency.
When the single bubble was dancing with a decrease in pressure amplitude, however, the amount of hydroxyl radicals
was greater than that for the stable bubble at the higher pressure amplitude and did not significantly decrease withfrequency. Furthermore, SCL and Na* were detected only under unstable bubble conditions. These results imply that the
instability of bubbles significantly enhances sonochemical efficiency for non-volatile substances in liquid phase.

Invited Paper

4a A04.
Generation and aggregation of BaTiO3 nanoparticles underultrasoundKyuichi Yasui, Toru Tuziuti, Kazumi Kato

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), JapanMay 24 (Thu)

According to Gedanken [Ultrason.Sonochem. 11, 47 (2004)], nanomaterials were obtained in almost all the sonochemical
reactions leading to inorganic products. However, there has been no numerical study on sonochemical production of
nanoparticles. Furthermore, the detailed mechanism of sonochemical production of nanoparticles is still unclear. In thepresent study, numerical simulations of sonochemical production of nanoparticles are performed for the first time under
the condition of the experiment by Dang et al. [Jpn.J.Appl.Phys. 48, 09KC02 (2009)]. In the experiment of Dang et al., anaqueous solution of BaCl2 and TiCl4 with the same molar concentration was irradiated by 20 kHz ultrasound. After 20
min. irradiation at 80 °C, BaTiO3 nanoparticles were produced. The mean diameter of the particles was 150 nm for the
initial BaCl2 concentration of 0.2 mol/L. The mean diameter is larger for lower initial BaCl2 concentration. Surprisingly,
the particles were mesocrystals which are agglomerates of nanocrystals with their crystal axes aligned. The numericalsimulations consist of the three steps. One is the chemical reaction leading to the generation of BaTiO3. The second
is the nucleation of BaTiO3 nanocrystals. The last is the aggregation of nanocrystals. With regard to the aggregation of
nanocrystals, two different models have been studied in the present paper. One is the model widely used in aerosol
dynamics that any particles aggregate when they collide each other with some probability. The other is a new modelthat only primary particles (nuclei) aggregate with other particles. The results of the numerical simulations have indicatedthat the latter model is more adequate. It has also been shown that larger aggregates are produced for lower initialconcentration of BaCl2 due to longer reaction time and lower viscosity which results in higher rate of aggregation. The
mechanism of mesocrystal formation is also discussed.

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May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

4a A06.
Autoreduction of tetrachloride gold(III) ions and spontaneous
formation of gold nanoparticles in sonicated water
Toshio Sakai, Shoichi Miwa, Tomohiko Okada, Shozi Mishima
Shinshu University, Japan

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were spontaneously formed through autoreduction of tetrachloride gold(III) ions ([AuCl4]-)
in sonicated water. The [AuCl4]- reduction and the resulting AuNP formation were observed after mixing of an aqueous[AuCl4]- solution with an argon (Ar)-purged ultrapure water sonicated with 950 kHz both-type ultrasonicator at 20 °C for 8
min in the absence of any added reducing agents. This indicates that [AuCl4]- are reduced by some produces generated
from the sonolysis of water. Activity of the products generated from sonolysis of water for [AuCl4]- reduction remainedfor 1 day after sonication of water. Rates of the [AuCl4]- reduction and AuNP formation became faster with higher
temperature. In order to evaluate the mechanism on the autoreduction of [AuCl4]- and the resulting AuNP formationin the sonicated water, we checked the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric acid (HNO3) on the [AuCl4]reduction and AuNP formation because H2O2 and HNO3 are produced via rebinding of radicals generated from thesonolysis of water. We revealed no significant [AuCl4]- reduction and AuNP formation in aqueous H2O2 and HNO3
solutions. This suggests that the [AuCl4]- reduction and the resulting AuNP formation are caused by some products otherthan H2O2 and HNO3 in the sonicated water.

4a B02.
An analysis on the second-order nonlinear effect of focused acoustic
wave around a scatterer in an ideal fluid
Gang Liu1, Boo Cheong Khoo1,2, Pahala Gedara Jayathilake1,2

National University of Singapore, Singapore, 2Singapore-MIT Alliance, Singapore

Two nonlinear models were proposed and analyzed to investigate the effect of multiple incident acoustic waves focusedon certain domain where the nonlinear effect are important. Firstly, the general solution for the one dimensional
Westervelt equation with different coordinates (planar, cylindrical and spherical) was obtained based on the perturbation
method with the second order nonlinear terms. Then, by introducing the small parameter (Mach number), we applied
the compressible potential flow theory and proposed a novel asymptotic perturbation expansion for the velocity
potential and enthalpy in a nonlinear acoustic model. Our model permits the decoupling between the velocity
potential and enthalpy to second order, with the first potential solutions satisfying the linear wave equation (Helmholtz
equation), whereas the second order solutions are associated with the linear non-homogeneous equation. Based on
the model, we study the multiple incident acoustic waves focused on certain area in which the findings may haveimportant implications for bubble cavitation/initiation via focused ultrasound called HIFU. Finally, the one-dimensional
analytical validation for planar, cylindrical and spherical wave together with the numerical calculation of the models were
presented to discuss the influence and validity of the second order nonlinear effects for the acoustic wave interaction.
We found that for domain encompassing less than ten times of the radius of the scatterer, the non-linear effect exert asignificant influence on the focused high intensity acoustic wave. Moreover, at the comparatively higher frequencies, forthe model of spherical wave, a lower Mach number may result in stronger nonlinear effects.

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

105

May 24 (Thu)14a B03.
Slow variations of mechanical and electrical properties of dielectrics
at high-intensity ultrasonic irradiation
Claes M. Hedberg, Oleg V. Rudenko
Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden

Mesoscopic solids like polycrystals, granular media, defective materials, soils and rocks are widespread in nature, scienceand engineering. Acoustic nonlinearity of such media can be 2-4 order higher than “physical” or “geometrical” nonlinearityof perfect media. The huge nonlinearity is caused by Hertzian contact between grains and micro-asperities of roughgrain surfaces, by cracks, or weak bonds between stiffer sections in the medium. Another important property is theinterconnection between variations of elasticity and dielectric permittivity under exposure to high-intensity ultrasound.
This phenomenon is experimentally observed, and a phenomenological theory generalizing the Debye approach forpolar fluids is developed to explain the measured data. A substitution of acoustic measurements by dielectric ones not
only improves the accuracy, but also offers new ways to remotely evaluate mechanical properties of materials and natural
media. The dependence of dielectric properties of materials on their mesoscopic structure makes it possible to detect
internal defects or inclusions of different phases, or to evaluate the material strength. Former dielectric measurements
were not accompanied by mechanical ones, but it is just the mechanical properties of frozen soil that are of prime
interest for construction of roads, buildings and pipelines in the north, and these data have to be obtained by processingof electro-magnetic data. In addition, the microwave satellite measurements requires this nonsteady-state theory todescribe the frequency dispersion.

4a B04.
Shear waves in a cubic nonlinear inhomogeneous resonator
Timofey Borisovich Krit, Valery Georgievich Andreev, Oleg Anatol'evich Sapozhnikov
Department of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, MSU, Russia

May 24 (Thu)Sound waves could be used to obtain viscoelastic constants of material. Such constants provide one with necessary
information about the material condition. Nonlinear shear constants, that carry extra diagnostic information, could bemeasured by means of finite amplitude shear waves. Resonator seems to be the most convenient and novel device forshear waves amplification. One-dimensional resonator is considered. It is represented by layer of a rubber-like medium
with a rigid plate of finite mass on the top surface of the layer. The bottom surface of the layer oscillates harmonically witha given acceleration. Amplitude and form of shear waves were calculated numerically by means of both finite difference
method for the displaced grids and finite elements method. Resonance curves were obtained at different acceleration
amplitudes of the bottom surface of the layer. Measurements were performed with a resonator filled with 15-mm layerof rubber-like polymer plastisol. Shear modulus for small displacements and nonlinear coefficient of the medium wereobtained from measured dependence of mechanical stress versus shear deformation. Relaxation properties and viscosity
were measured from amplitude-frequency response in linear mode. Oscillation amplitudes in nonlinear mode reachedvalues that correspond to maximum deformations 0.4 – 0.6 in the layer, so that nonlinear effects could be observed.
Measured dependencies of resonance frequency versus oscillation amplitude corresponded ones, calculated in case oflower value of nonlinear coefficient. It was shown that as amplitude of oscillations in the resonator increases, resonancefrequency increases, and form of resonance curve becomes asymmetrical. When amplitudes are large enough, regionof bistability could be observed. Oscillations of the top surface of the layer were investigated. Acceleration profile
was both calculated and measured. Its Fourier-transform was performed. Profile distortion was shown theoreticallyand experimentally. The growth of third harmonic was shown at high amplitudes of driving force. Nonlinear effects
dependency on the location of inhomogeneities was found out. Nonlinear effects become more pronounced in poredlayer when pores are located near the bottom surface and less pronounced in case when pores are near the top surface.

106

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

4a B05.
Simulation of multi-cracks in solid using harmonics filtering with atime reversal process
Xiaozhou Liu, Ying Zhang, Jinlin Zhu, Xiufen Gong
Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing Univeristy, China

Nonlinear elastic wave spectroscopy has been shown as an effective method to use in the non-classical nonlinear
medium. However, it is still difficult to determinate the position of defects in solid using this method. And previous
studies testified that with the help of the TR process, people can overcome the disadvantages of time-delay techniques
and final get good results of the position of the defect. In this study, based on a two-dimensional pseudo-spectral,
a numerical study is used here to validate the NEWS-TR method as a potential technique for the location of one andtwo defects in an attenuated medium. We consider the linearly elastic sample containing crack zones of non-classicalnonlinear without classical nonlinear as the whole. The modified PM model is introduced to simulate the non-classicalnonlinear behavior of the damaged zones. The TR steps correspond to those described in the literature: firstly transmit
a signal into the sample, then filter nonlinear components of received signals, reverse the filtered signals and retransmit
into the sample to observe the final image. The simulations prove that it is valid to use a tone burst pressure field toexecute a TR imaging for judging the positions of defects in an attenuated medium. This project is supported by thefinancial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11074122)

Invited Paper

4a C01.
Actively created quiet zones by parametric loudspeaker as control
sources in the sound field
Chao Ye, Ming Wu, Jun Yang

In active noise control system, omnidirectional loudspeakers are utilized as control sources to suppress the noise in thetargeted area. However, the sound pressure levels of noise outside the target region may actually increase. Based on the
nonlinear interaction of ultrasonic waves in air, the parametric loudspeaker generates highly directional audible soundby the self-demodulation of amplitude modulated sound waves. As a result, taking the advantage of the high directivity,
the parametric loudspeakers can be used as a control source to reduce the sound pressure levels in the control points
without noise increase in other areas. In this study, the application of parametric loudspeaker as a secondary source in
active noise control system is discussed. The power outputs of both primary and secondary sources are analyzed by the
impedance-based approach. It is found that when the total power output of the two sources is minimized, the secondary
source absorbs the acoustic power of the primary source because of the weak coupling between the two sources.
Therefore, the minimization of the power output of the primary source is the same as the maximization of the power
absorption of the secondary source. Furthermore, the quiet zone generated by the control system in a pure tone soundfield is examined as well. Numerical and Experimental results show that there is a quiet zone along the axial directionof the secondary source, when the two sources are arranged in a line. There is negligible increase of sound pressure in
the sound field and the total acoustic power is reduced after control. In addition, the disadvantages of the exploitationof the parametric loudspeaker as a control source are discussed as well. It is hard to control the parametric loudspeakerto suppress broadband noise due to the nonlinearity mechanism of directional sound production and the nonuniformof the ultrasonic transducers of parametric loudspeaker. The harmonic distortion and the uneven frequency response
especially in low frequency of the parametric loudspeaker may deteriorate the control effect.

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107

May 24 (Thu)

Insititute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

4a C03.
Estimation of parametric sound field controlled by source amplitudes
and phases using numerical simulation
Hideyuki Nomura1, Claes M. Hedberg2, Tomoo Kamakura1
1

The University of Electro-Communications, Japan, 2Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden

The parametric array is formed by two finite-amplitude ultrasound beams with neighboring frequencies. The nonlinear
interaction of the beams generates a highly directive audible sound at the difference frequency. Up to now, we haveanalyzed theoretically parametric sound fields in a free space. This study proposes a numerical simulation method of
nonlinear ultrasound propagation to estimate the parametric sound field in the time domain. Using the finite-differencetime-domain method based on the Yee algorithm with operator splitting, axisymmetric nonlinear propagation was
simulated on the basis of equations for a compressible viscous fluid. As model application, a length-limited parametricsound beam, which is formed by four finite-amplitude ultrasound beams with different frequencies and controlled byphases and amplitudes of sound sources and has a truncated array length [C.M. Hedberg et al., Acoust. Phys. 56, 637–639(2010)], was numerically simulated. The simulation showed a spatially restricted and very narrow difference frequency
sound beam similar to their experiment. In addition, to investigate the dependence of amplitude and phase on thelength-limited beam profiles, parametric sound fields were numerically estimated by varying the amplitude and phaseslightly from the condition of the length-limited beam. Numerical results indicated that the changes of the amplitude
and phase affected the beam length and width, in particular, amplitude changes drastically deformed the beam shapefrom that of the length-limited beam. This result suggests that precisely controlled sound sources are necessary to obtain
the best length-limited sound beam.

4a C04.
Modeling the directivity of parametric loudspeaker
Chuang Shi, Woon-Seng Gan

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

May 24 (Thu)Due to the new deployment of a parametric loudspeaker in applications, such as active noise control of moving targets
and 3D sound reproduction, accurate directivity control of the parametric loudspeaker is desired. It has been previously
proven by experiment that the directivity pattern of the difference frequency can be controlled with certain degreeof errors using a delay-and-sum beamforming structure applied to both primary input frequencies of the parametricloudspeaker. However, accurate prediction of the main beam and its sidelobes of the difference frequency (i.e. the desired
audible frequency) remain a challenging problem. This problem is mainly due to the approximated relationship between
the directivities of the primary frequencies and the difference frequency. Furthermore, the mismatch observed between
the theoretical beampatterns and the directivities measured in the experiment are caused by the system errors incurredat different stages of implementation. In practical applications of the parametric loudspeaker, these system errors changewith environments, which in turn make it harder to design an accurate beamsteering system. In this paper, we propose
directivity models to describe beampatterns of the parametric loudspeaker at both the primary frequencies and thedifference frequency. This directivity models can be used to predict the directivity pattern of arbitrary steering angles.
The primary frequency model consists of two tuning vectors corresponding to two typical system errors, namely, theweight error and the spacing error. The difference frequency model consists of a modified form of the product directivity
principle to further enhance the modeling accuracy of the difference frequency. The experimental results show that the
proposed models can be used to predict the directivities at both the primary frequencies and the difference frequency,
and assist in designing a better beam-control parametric loudspeaker.

108

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

4a C05.
Inverse system design based on the Volterra modeling of a parametricloudspeaker system
Wei Ji, Woon-Seng Gan

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Parametric loudspeaker systems have been widely used for projecting audible sound beam with high directivity.
However, the nonlinear interaction among primary waves also generates harmonics, which distort the desired signal anddegrade the sound quality. In order to investigate this inherent nonlinear mechanism, a baseband distortionmodel isdeveloped from nonlinear system identification using an adaptive Volterra filter structure.
For the conventional double-sideband amplitude modulation technique, it is found that the harmonic distortion islargely attributed to the second harmonic. An adaptive Volterra filter with reduced complexity to the second-order kernel
is employed to model the reproduced baseband signal and second harmonic present in the demodulated signal. The
adaptation results derived from both simulation and measurement indicate that the first few coefficients of the secondorder kernel are dominant.
Based on the Volterra model, a p-th order inverse system is designed to compensate the harmonic distortions present
in the demodulated signal. Simulation and measurement results demonstrate that the harmonic distortion can begreatly reduced to an acceptable level when the inverse system is introduced with a suitable recursive order. Besides, theperformances of the inverse system and the square-root amplitude modulation (SRAM) technique are also compared for
different modulation indices with the emitter’s effect taken into account.

4a C06.
3D Simulation of parametric ultrasound fields
Fabrice PrieurParametric sonar is widely used for sea-floor characterization, sub-bottom object detection, or underwatercommunication. It takes advantage of the interaction between two primary beams transmitted at slightly different
frequencies. Due to nonlinear propagation, two secondary beams at the sum and difference frequency are generated.
The radiation at the difference frequency combines sub-bottom penetration due to low attenuation, and high resolution
due to an acoustic beam with a narrow mainlobe and negligible sidelobes. It allows to generate directive low frequency
beams with transducers of reasonable size. A method that estimates the pressure level and the beam profile of theradiation at the sum and difference frequencies is presented. It solves the Westervelt equation in the frequency domain
under the quasi-linear approximation. A full three dimensional estimate of the radiated fields can be computed at any
depth without the need for stepwise propagation from the source plane. The method applies to two dimensionaltransducers of arbitrary geometry and distribution. It does not rely on the parabolic approximation and is not limited
to monochromatic radiations, thus allowing to model pulses with wide bandwidth. The limits of the method comefrom the assumptions of a homogeneous medium and input pressure levels sufficiently low to satisfy the quasi-linear
approximation. The obtained results in the case of a flat piston transducer compare favorably to previous measurements
and numerical estimates from proven methods.

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109

May 24 (Thu)

University of Oslo, Norway

Closing Lecture

4a L6.
Conditions inside a collapsing bubble
Kenneth S. Suslick
University of Illinois, United States
Extreme temperatures and pressures are produced through acoustic cavitation: the formation,
growth and collapse of bubbles in a liquid irradiated with high intensity ultrasound. Single bubbles
have generally been assumed to give higher temperature conditions than bubble clouds, but
confirmation from the single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) emission spectra have been
problematic because SBSL typically produces featureless emission spectra that reveal little about the
intra-cavity physical conditions or chemical processes. Here we present definitive evidence of theexistence of a hot, highly energetic plasma core during SBSL. From a luminescing bubble in sulfuric
acid, excited state to excited state emission lines are observed both from noble gas ions (Ar+, Kr+, andXe+) and from neutral atoms (Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe). The excited states responsible for these emission
lines range from 8.3 eV (for Xe) to 37.1 eV (for Ar+) above the ground state. Observation of emission
lines allows for identification of intra-cavity species responsible for light emission; the energy levelsof the emitters indicate the plasma generated during cavitation is comprised of highly energetic
atomic and ionic species. Effective emission temperatures of >18000 K, pressures of ~1 kBar and ion

May 24 (Thu)densities with Ne > 1021 cm-3 have been experimentally determined.

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111

Author Index
A
Adachi, Hideo 
Adachi, Shizuko Aida, Takumi 
Aizawa, Koji 

2a B03.
3p C07.
3p B12.
2p P09.
2p P11.
2p B12.
Akiyama, Iwaki 
Alizadeh, Mohsen 
3p A08.
An, Yu 
3p A10.
Anderson, Brian E 
3p B08.
Andreev, Valery Georgievich  4a B04.
Asami, Rei 
2p B11.
Assink, Jelle 
1p A04.
Atchley, Anthony A. 
3p C11.
2a C04.
Awata, Sojiro 
2p B11.
Azuma, Takashi 
BBadmaev, Badma Bailliet, Hélène 
Baltean-Carlès, Diana Bas, Pierre-Yves Le 
Bercoff, Jeremy Biwa, Shiro 
Biwa, Tetsushi Blanc-Benon, Philippe Brodin, Lars-Ake 
Bulanov, Alexey V. 
Bulanov, Vladimir A. 

1p B10.
2p C09.
2p C08.
3p B08.
2p B06.
1p C07.
2p P10.
3a C03.
3a L4.
2a A04.
3a C04.
2a B05.
1a B01.
2a C02.

Dembelova, Tuyana Demi, Libertario Demin, Igor Yu. 
Deriabin, Mikhail S 
Doi, Yusuke 

1p B10.
2a B04.
2p P12.
1p B09.
2p C11.

E
1p A09.

Enflo, Bengt O. 
F
Falco, Lauren E. 
Fan, TingBo 
Farikhah, Irna - 
Fujikawa, Shigeo 
Fujita, Fumio 
Fujita, Naoki 
Fukuda, Makoto 
Furukawa, Takashi 

3p C11.
4a A01.
3a C02.
2p C07.
3a A02.
3p B12.
2p C12.
2p P02.
1p C04.

G
Gainville, Olaf 
Gallin, Louis-Jonardan Gan, Woon-Seng 
Gaudard, Eric Gee, Kent L. 
Gong, Xiufen Grishenkov, Dmitry Guedra, Matthieu 
Gurbatov, Sergey N. 
Gusev, Vitalyi 

1a A01.
2a A04.
1p A05.
4a C04.
4a C05.
1p A05.
3p C11.
4a B05.
2a B05.
3p C06.
2p P12.
3p C06.

C
Carles, Pierre Chen, Jianjun Chen, Rui 
Choi, Pak-Kon 
Chuecos, Nicolas 
Chunchuzov, Igor 
Clement, Gregory Thomas 
Cohen-Bacrie, Claude 
Coulouvrat, François 

3p C10.
3a B04.
1p B05.
3p A12.
2a C03.
1p A04.
2a B03.
2p B06.
1a A01.
1p A05.
1p L2.

D
Damdinov, Bair Daru, Virginie 
Delalande, Anthony Delorme, Philippe 
Delrue, Steven 112

1p B10.
2p C08.
4a A02.
1a A01.
3a B01.

H
Hamilton, Mark F. 
Hammerton, Paul William 
Hasegawa, Hideyuki Hashiba, Kunio Hashimoto, Atsushi 
Hatanaka, Shin-ichi 
Haupert, Sylvain 
Hawker, Nicholas Hay, Todd A. 
Hayashi, Yuichi 
Hedberg, Claes M. 

Henneton, Martin 
Hikihara, Takashi 

2p B10.
3a A03.
2a A05.
2p B09.
2p B11.
2a A03.
1p C10.
4a A03.
3p B11.
3p A07.
3a A03.
3p A12.
1p A09.
4a B03.
4a C03.
1a A01.
2a C05.

Hiziroglu, Huseyin R 
Horie, Sachiko Horinouchi, Satoshi 

1a C02.
1p B05.
1p C06.

I
Ichihara, Mie 
Ikegami, Yasushi 
Ilinskii, Yurii A. 
Imanishi, Ryusuke Imano, Kazuhiko Inaba, Masashi 
Inamura, Takao 
Inui, Yoshitaka Isago, Ryoichi Ishigaki, Masahiro Ishii, Katsuya Ishii, Yosuke Ishii, Yutaka Ito, Youichi JJayathilake, Pahala Gedara 
Ji, Wei 
Jinbo, Yoshinori Johnson, Paul 
Johnson, Paul A 
Jondeau, Emmanuel 

1a A03.
1p C04.
2p B10.
3a A03.
3p B12.
2p P02.
2p C07.
3a A05.
2p P06.
1a B02.
2p B08.
2p P06.
3p C07.
3p C07.
2p P10.
3a B03.
2p P07.

4a B02.
4a C05.
2p A12.
3p B11.
3p B08.
3p L5.
3a C04.

K
Kamakura, Tomoo 

2a A03.
2a B03.
4a C03.
Kanagawa, Tetsuya 
3a A02.
Kanai, Hiroshi 
2p B09.
2p A06.
Kandula, Max 
1a C03.
Kari, Leif Kasyanov, Dmitry A 
1p B09.
Kato, Kazumi 
4a A04.
Kawahara, Junya 
3a A02.
Kawashima, Koichiro 
3p B12.
Kedrinskiy, Valeriy Kirillovich  2p A09.
Khokhlova, Vera A 
2a B02.
2a L3.
Khoo, Boo Cheong 
4a B02.
Kimura, Masayuki 
2a C05.
Kobayashi, Kazumichi 
2p C07.
3a A02.
Koch, Philipp 
3p A08.
May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Kochi, Takashi 
1p B05.
Kodama, Tetsuya 
1p B05.
Kogi, Mieko 
2p P11.
Komura, Ichiro 
1p C04.
Kondoh, Jun 
1a B03.
Korenska, Marta 
3a B05.
Kothapalli, Veera Venk ata Satya
2a B05.
Narayana 
Kotopoulis, Spiros 
4a A02.
Koyama, Daisuke 
1a B02.
2p B08.
2p P04.
Kozuka, Teruyuki 
1p C10.
Krit, Timofey Borisovich 
4a B04.
2p B12.
Kudo, Nobuki 
Kudryavtsev, Andrey 
1p A08.
Kulichkov, Sergey 
1p A04.
3a A04.
Kurihara, Eru 
1p B09.
Kurin, Vasily V 
Kuroda, Kentaro 
3a C01.
Kurz, Thomas 
3p A08.
L
Langthjem, Mikael A 
Laugier, Pascal 
Lauterborn, Werner 
Lebedev, Andrey V. 
Leighton, Timothy 
Li, Li 
Li, Shenwei 
Liang, Wei 
Liu, Gang Liu, Xiaozhou Liu, Yunqiao 
Lyons, John 

3p C12.
3p B11.
3p A08.
3p B06.
2p A11.
1p B05.
1p B05.
2p P03.
4a B02.
4a B05.
2p A10.
1a A03.

M
Maimaitiming, Maimaititusong
3p A10.
Makarenko, Nikolay Ivanovich 1a A02.
Makarova, Dagzama 
1p B10.
1p A10.
Makov, Yury Nikolaevich 
Maksimov, Alexey 
2p A11.
Maltseva, Janna Lvovna 
1a A02.
Manychova, Monika 
3a B05.
Mao, Yiwei 
3a B04.
Marchiano, Régis 
1p A05.
Matsuda, Naoki 
1p C07.
Matsumoto, Yoichiro 
2p A10.
Matysik, Michal 
3a B05.
Mihara, Tsuyoshi 
1p C04.
Mishima, Shozi 
4a A06.
Miwa, Shoichi 
4a A06.
Moreau, Solenn 
2p C09.
Mori, Koichi 
1p C09.

Mori, Shiro Morimoto, Kenshi 
NNakamura, Kentaro 

Nakamura, Yoshiaki 
Nakano, Masami Nakano, Yosuke Nakatani, Akihiro 
Nishikawa, Kohei Nishimura, Souichi 
Nishiwaki, Motoaki 
Nitta, Naotaka 
Nomura, Hideyuki OObayashi, Atsushi 
Obayashi, Shigeru 
Ohara, Yoshikazu 
Ohtani, Toshihiro 
Oikawa, Jun 
Okada, Tomohiko 
Ostrovsky, Lev A. 
Osumi, Ayumu 

1p B05.
1p B06.

1a B02.
2p B08.
2p P04.
1p C09.
3p C12.
3a C01.
2p C11.
3p C08.
2p C12.
2p P11.
2p B12.
2a B03.
4a C03.

3a C03.
1p A06.
1p C05.
1p C06.
3a B03.
1a A03.
4a A06.
3p B06.
2p P07.

P
Péronne, Émmanuel 
2a C03.
Paradossi, Gaio 
2a B05.
Penelet, Guillaume 
3p C06.
Perrin, Bernard 
2a C03.
Pichon, Chantal 
4a A02.
Poignand, Gaëlle 
3a C04.
Popov, Oleg 
1p A04.
Postema, Michiel 
4a A02.
Prieur, Fabrice 
4a C06.
Pronchatov-Rubtsov, Nikolay V.

2p P12.
R
Rénier, Mathieu Raju, Krishna Murti 
Rendon, Pablo Luis Reyt, Ida 
Riviere, Jacques 
Rudenko, Oleg V. 

1p A05.
1a C01.
1p B08.
2p C09.
3p B11.
4a B03.

S
Söhnholz, Hendrik 
Sada, Yurina Saffari, Nader 
Sakai, Takeharu 

3p A08.
2p C12.
3a A01.
2a A03.

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

4a A06.
3a C05.
1p B05.
2p P06.
3a C01.
Salamone, Joe 
2a A01.
Sapozhnikov, Oleg 1a L1.
1p A08.
Sapozhnikov, Oleg Anatol'evich
4a B04.
Sato, Masayuki 
2p C12.
Sax, Nicolas 
1p B05.
Schanz, Daniel 
3p A08.
Schofield, John Michael 
2a A05.
2a A04.
Scott, Julian 
Seki, Hideki 
3a C05.
Shanker, Kiran 
1p C08.
3p C11.
Shepherd, Micah R. 
4a C04.
Shi, Chuang Shi, Weihua 
2p C12.
Shimaya, Koji 
1p C04.
3p C08.
Shimizu, Dai 
Shintaku, Yohei 
1p C05.
1p C06.
Shirai, Koichiro 
3p C07.
Shirota, Minori 
3a A05.
Shkolnik, Iosif E 
1a C02.
Shoaib, Muhammad 
1a C03.
2p C12.
Sievers, A. J. 
3a A01.
Sinden, David Souquet, Jacques 
2p B06.
Sparrow, Victor 
2a A01.
Stride, Eleanor 
3a A01.
2a C04.
Sugimoto, Nobumasa 
3p C08.
Sugiyama, Kazuyasu 
2p A10.
Suslick, Kenneth S. 
4a L6.
Sakai, Toshio 
Sakamoto, Masataka 
Sakamoto, Maya 
Sakamoto, Shin-ichi TTabaru, Marie 
Takagi, Ryo 
Takagi, Shu 
Takahashi, Takashi 
Takahira, Hiroyuki 
Takao, Yuichi 
Takeo, Minoru 
Tamagawa, Masaaki 
Tanaka, Shigenori Toker, Grigory Tokunaga, Yoshiaki 
Tomita, Yukio 
Toyoizumi, Hitoshi 
Tsuruoka, Fujio 

2p B11.
1p B07.
2p A10.
2a A03.
2p A12.
2p C12.
1a A03.
1p B06.
2p A08.
3p A06.
2p P09.
2p P11.
2p A08.
1a B03.
2p P05.

113

2p P08.
4a A04.

Tuziuti, Toru UUeda, Yuki Ulrich, Timothy J 
Umemura, Shin-ichiro 

3a C05.
3p B08.
1p B07.

V
Valière, Jean-Christophe 
2p C09.
Van Den Abeele, Koen 
3a B01.
van Dongen, Koen WA 
2a B04.
Ventikos, Yiannis 
3p A07.
Verweij, Martin D 
2a B04.
3p B10.
Vilchinska, Nora A. 
Voloshchenko, Vadim Yur’evich
2p P01.
W
Wada, Yuji 
Watanabe, Masao 
Watanabe, Yoshiaki 
Watanabe, Yosuke 
Watanabe, Yukiko 
Waxler, Roger Weisman, Catherine Wu, Ming Z
Zabolotskaya, Evgenia A. 
Zhang, Cui Ying Zhang, De 
Zhang, Dong Zhang, Ying Zhu, Jinlin Zhu, Qi Rong 

2p B10.
3a A03.
3p A10.
3a B04.
4a A01.
4a B05.
4a B05.
3p A10.

2p P04.
2p C07.
3a A02.
2p P06.
3a C01.
2a C04.
1p B05.
1p A04.
2p C08.
4a C01.

Y
Yagishita, Yoko 
Yamaguchi, Jun 
Yamamoto, Masafumi 
Yamanaka, Kazushi 
Yamashita, Hiroshi 
Yamashita, Kou 
Yanagimoto, Kohei Yang, Jun 
Yang, Kai Yano, Takeru Yasuda, Jun 
Yasui, Kyuichi 
Ye, Chao 
Yoshikawa, Hideki 
Yoshimura, Kazuyuki Yoshinaga, Takao 
Yoshizawa, Shin 
Yuldashev, Petr V 114

1p B05.
2p B09.
2a A03.
1p C05.
1p C06.
1p A06.
3a A05.
3a C01.
4a C01.
3p A10.
2p C06.
2p C07.
3a A02.
1p B07.
1p C10.
4a A04.
4a C01.
2p B11.
2p C10.
2p A07.
1p B07.
2a B02.

May 21 (Monday) – 24 (Thursday), 2012

Session Chair Index
A
Akiyama, I. 
An, Yu 
Atchley, A. A. O
2p B06-09.
3a A01-05.
3a L4.

B
Biwa, S. 
Blanc-Benon, Ph. 

1a C01-03.
1a A01-03.
1p L2.
2a A01-05.
3p C06-08.

Ostrovsky, L. A. 

3a B01-05.
S

Sapozhnikov, O. 
Sugimoto, N. 
Suslick, K. S. 

3p B10-12.
3p L5.
3p A10-12.
T

Takahira, H. 

2p A06-09.
VC
Choi, P. -K 
Clement, G. T. 

Van Den Abeele, K. 
4a A01-06.
2p B10-12.

3p B06-08.
W

Watanabe, Y. 

1p C08-10.

E
Enflo, Bengt O. Y

2p C06-09.
Yano, T. 
Yoshimura, K. GGan, W-S. 

1p A08-10.
2a C02-05.

4a C01-06.
H

Hamilton, M. F. 

2a L3.
3p C10-12.
2a B02-05.
1p C04-07.

Hasegawa, H. 
Hedberg, C. M. 
IIshii, K. 

3a C01-05.
J

Johnson, P. A. 

4a B02-05.
K

Kamakura, T. 
Kari, Leif Kedrinskiy, V. K. 
Khokhlova, V. A. 
Kondoh, J. 
Kurihara, E. 

1a L1.
2p C10-12.
3p A06-08.
1p B05-07.
1p B08-10.
2p A10-12.
M

Makino, Y. 

1p A04-06.
2a A01-05.
4a L6.

Matsumoto, Y. 
NNakamura, K. 
Nomura, H. 

1a B01-03.
4a C01-06.

International Conference Center of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

115

Memo

Memo

Memo

JR (Japan Railway) and other lines
JR (Japan Railway) and other lines

JR Yamanote LineIKEBUKURO

NARITA INTERNATIONALAIRPORT (NRT)Keisei Skyliner
NIPPORI

TAKADANOBABAWASEDA Univ.
(VENUE)
AirportJR Narita Express

Limousine Bus

SHINJUKU

JR Chuo LineTOKYOSHIBUYA

AirportLimousine Bus
HAMAMATSUCHOSHINAGAWA
To OSAKA

KeikyuAirport Line

JR Tokaido Shinkansen

Travel tips
Remember color of the line you wish to take. Find
this color on signboard at station and take a train
in the same color.
All trains on JR Yamanote Line in light green (notgreen) stop every station to circulate in loop.

Tokyo Monorail

N
TOKYO INTERNATIONAL(HANEDA) AIRPORT (HND)

Access from Narita and Tokyo International Airports to Takadanobaba Station

NARITA INTERNATIONALAIRPORT (NRT)Keisei Skyliner
40 min.
JPY 2,400

Airport Limousine Bus
85 min.
JPY 3,000

TOKYO INTERNATIONALAIRPORT (HND)

JR Narita Express
75 min.
JPY 3,110

Airport Limousine Bus
50 min.
JPY 1,200

Keikyu Airport Line
25 min.
JPY 400

Tokyo Monorail
16 min.
JPY 470

NIPPORI
Station

JR SHINJUKUStationSHINAGAWA
Station

HAMAMATSUCHO
Station

JR Yamanote Line
15 min.
JPY 160

JR Yamanote Line
5 min.
JPY 130

JR Yamanote Line
25 min.
JPY 190

JR Yamanote Line
30 min.
JPY 250

TAKADANOBABA
Station

H

4

Takadanobaba Sta.
(Metro)Exit #2 & #3

Hotel Sunroute
Takadanobaba

Robert J.
Shillman Hall
Okubo
Campus5

Sodai-seimon
Bus StopmN

Seasons Hotel

H Chinzanso Four

(Ave

.)

Shin
H
M
e
i
j
i
Dori
Rihga Royal
(Ave.
)
Hotel

i S ei

on D
ori

2

5 : Waseda station on Toden Arakawa Line (Tram)

4 : Bus stop of Tokyo City Bus #2

3 : Pickup point of courtesy bus of Rihga Royal Hotel

2 : Waseda station on Tokyo Metro Tozai Line

1 : JR Takadanobaba station on Yamanote Line

Kikui-cho
CampusWaseda Sta. (Metro)

Exit #3

WasedaCampusWaseda Sta.
(Tram)H Sunshine City Prince Hotel
H Hotel Bellclassic Tokyo

(Tram
)

Venue, here
Tode
n
A
r
a
kawa
Line

Omokagebashi Sta.
(Tram)

ShrineToyamaCampusExit #2
National Center for
Global Health andMedicine

Soda

Local map of International Conference Center3

uro
IkebukInternational
Was Conference CenteredaDori (Ave.)

Nishi-waseda
Bus Stop

PoliceBox

Hakoneyama Dori (Ave.)i (Ave.)Meiji Dor

Ikebukuro.
ba StaTa k a danoba

Seibu-

Shinjyuku Line1

Shinjyuku JR Yamanote
Line