THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY__________________________________________________________________________________RESEARCH SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRYCANBERRA ACT 0200 AUSTRALIAPHYSICAL AND THEORETICALTELEPHONE: +61 2 6125 3578

PROFESSOR J W WHITE CMG FAA FRSFACSIMILE:+61 2 6125 4903

EMAIL: jww@rsc.anu.edu.au
ANU CRICOS Provider Number 00120C

19 April 2002

Professor S Nagamiya
Director Joint Project of JAERI-KEK
1-1 Oho, Tsukuba-shi
305-0801
JAPAN
Report of the International Advisory Committee on the Joint Project April 2002
Dear Professor Nagamiya,
I enclose the formal report from the International Advisory Committee which met in Tokyo from 6-8
March 2002. On behalf of the Committee I would like to thank you and all of your colleagues in
JAERI-KEK for their most helpful presentations and subsequent interactions with Committee as thereport was finalised. Your own help has been invaluable to us.
The Committee was greatly impressed by the scope and potential of the project. It is of suchimportance to Japan and the world that we believe that a policy of “world-class standard’ should be
adopted. From day one of the facilities operation, the most novel aspects of the programme should
attract the world’s attention and involvement from the importance of the results produced.
This priority was utmost in our mind but it engenders the need by yourself as Director to set priorities
within the defined resources of the project. The project makes suggestions about these and aboutprocesses. My impression of the Committee’s suggestions is that high priority must be given toneutrinos and neutrons (with 10 instruments), a selection of the exciting experiments on Rare Decay
and a selection of the experiments involving Hypernuclei.
The Committee has spent some time in correspondence with one another in order to clarify as far as
possible, the important process of prioritisation. An important aspect is the degree of international
collaboration that can be attracted at the earliest possible stage in the conception of experiments and thedesign of the facility. We draw attention to the recommendations in this regard.
Yours sincerely

Professor J W White
Chairman of the International Advisory Committee

-1-

THE INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
ON THE JAERI-KEK JOINT PROJECTREPORT

Meeting March 4-6 2002

Tokyo, Japan

-2-

CONTENTS
Executive Summary
The Accelerator System
The Science
Nuclear and Particle Physics
Material and Life Science
Nuclear Waste Transmutation
Organisation

Recommendations
The Accelerator System
The Science
Nuclear and Particle Physics
Material and Life Science
Nuclear Waste Transmutation
Budget and Organisation

General Report
Introduction
Overview of the Facility
Science and Technology
Accelerators
Human resources
Availability criteria
Beam loss criteria
Readiness for component procurement
Nuclear and Particle Physics
Neutrino Physics
Rare Kaon Decays
Lepton Flavour Violation
Hypernuclear Spectroscopy
Hyperon-nucleon scattering
Vector mesons in the nuclear medium
Hadron Spectroscopy
Material and Life Science
Neutron Scattering
Muon Condensed matter Science
Transmutation Science and Technology

3
4
5
6
7
8

9
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10
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13
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14
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15
15
16
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17
18
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21
22

Organisation and Management24

Prioritisation and International Collaboration

26

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The International Advisory Committee to the Director of the Japanese Atomic Energy ResearchInstitute (JAERI) - High Energy Accelerator Research Organisation (KEK) joint project (JAERIKEK Joint Project) met on March 5-6, 2002 in Tokyo and Tokai.
This project combines KEK’s Japan Hadron Facility (JHF) and JAERI’s Neutron Science Project(NSP) into one major facility- the Joint Projectto be built at JAERI’s Tokai site by the twopartners. The members of the Committee were:
ARTHUR, Edward Senior Scientist, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA.
earthur@lanl.gov
CHEN, Jia'er President, National Natural Science Foundation, China.
chenjer@mail.nsfc.gov.cn
CHO, Yanglai Technical Director, Spallation Neutron Source, USA.
choy@sns.gov
FROIS, Bernard Director the Department Energy, Transports, Environment
and Natural Resources, Ministry of Research, France.
bernard.frois@technologie.gouv.fr
FUJII, Yasuhiko Professor, Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
yfujii@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp
HOLMES, Steve Associate Director, Fermilab, USA.
holmes@fnal.gov
KIRK, Tom
Associate Director, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA.
tkirk@bnl.gov
KONDO, Shunsuke Professor, Department of Engineering Science, The University of Tokyo,
Japan.
kondo@sk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
PETITJEAN, Claude Deputy Head, Laboratory of Particle Physics, Paul Scherrer Institute,
Switzerland.
claude.petitjean@psi.ch>
POUTISSOU, Jean-Michel Associate Director, TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada.
<jmp@triumf.ca>
TAYLOR, Andrew Director, ISIS, UK.
Andrew.Taylor@.rl.ac.uk
TOTSUKA, Yoji Professor, Institute for Cosmic Rai Research, The University of Tokyo,
Japan.
totsuka@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp (Vice Chairman)
WHITE, J.W.
Professor, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Chairman,
National Committee for Crystallography,
jww@rsc.anu.edu.au (Chairman)
The “Charges” to the Committee were•to advise if the project is progressing in a proper way in terms of budget,organisation, schedule, technical development including accelerator technologies
etc•
to advise on scientific priorities, in particular on Phase 1 sciences and the Phase 2
sciences

-4-

These questions are addressed throughout this report and summarised in the Recommendations.
In connection with the second of these charges we have examined the science proposed so as tooffer some advice about choices that might have to be made.
With more than 300 people from KEK and JAERI now working on the project the Committee
was pleased to see that the joint project has made a strong start towards realising its objectives.
Signing of the memorandum of understanding between KEK and JAERI in May 2001 was amilestone marking the start of construction subsequent to the Japanese Government's agreement
on 1,335 Oku Yen over six years for Phase I. ( This is 133.5 billion Yen). A total budget of 1,890
Oku Yen for Phase I and Phase 2 is forseen. The project covers a wide range of scientificfrontiers of the 21 st century and will be a world-class research establishment. Already indications
are that it will attract world-class scientists from many communities, including particle andnuclear physics, condensed-matter science, and energy technology.
The Committee advises that with this project Japan has the opportunity to be a world leader in a
number of fields. The Committee's meeting was held at an important stage in the project and werecommend some key decisions on structure and process in the next year to allow the team toachieve this end.
While all projects presented looked very interesting to the committee it is recommended thatgiven the budgetary, manpower and schedule constraints posed by the splitting of Phase I andPhase II some prioritisation of projects would be necessary in the coming year. The committee
furthermore recommends a policy of "world class standard" in the quality of the constructionof the accelerators and the initial suite of supporting instruments even if the number of
instruments or experiments has to be limited. Our advice to the Director is that he ensure thatfrom day one of the facility's operation the most novel aspects of the programme attract theworld's attention to and involvement in the project from the importance of the results produced.
The Accelerator System
The JAERI-KEK Joint Project entails the construction of a state-of-the-art proton accelerator
complex consisting of a 400 MeV linac, a 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron, and a 50 GeV
synchrotron. The two synchrotrons are designed to deliver extremely high average power: 1 MWfrom the 3 GeV accelerator and 0.75 MW from the 50 GeV ring. Performance criteria for theaccelerators have been established, advanced conceptual designs are complete, and major
procurements have been initiated in a number of areas.
The committee did not engage in a detailed review of the technical design, however two issues
were brought to our attention that we believe are deserving of attention by project management:(a) There appears to be a significant shortfall between the staff size that the acceleratorgroup believes is required to construct the facility and currently assigned people. The
committee recommends that Project Management should develop a strategy for assuring thatsufficient manpower is assigned to the accelerator project to assure successful completion.
(b) While the committee believes that the user community of this facility will carry
expectations of a high level of operational reliability, it does not appear to the committee that

-5-availability/reliability criteria have been relayed to the accelerator group. The committee
recommends that availability/reliability criteria be developed and formally communicated to theaccelerator design/construction team. IAC agrees with the formation of Accelerator TechnicalAdvisory Committee (TAC) under the IAC.
The Science
Nuclear and Particle Physics
The centerpiece of the nuclear and Particle physics portion of the project is a 50-GeV proton
synchrotron along with its ancillary facilities. One of the outstanding questions of the latter partof the 20th century is the origin of mass and in the neutrino sector a recent Japanese result fromthe Super-Kamiokande detector (SK) has confirmed that neutrino have also a non zero mass.
Hence it seems that both in the quark and lepton sector, masses and mixing between mass
eigenstates control much of the underlying physics . The values of the neutrino masses and of themixing parameters between neutrino types is of paramount importance not only for particle
physics but also for astrophysics and cosmology.
A pioneering experiment observing the evolution of man-made neutrino between the KEK-PS
and the Super-Kamiokande detector is attempting to confirm the results obtained at SK withatmospheric neutrino. The definitive experiment will only be possible with the large neutrino
fluxes which could be derived from the Joint Project. A unique world opportunity exists due tothe existence of the well understood SK detector and of the highest intensity synchrotron
accelerator from which neutrino beams of the appropriate energy can derived and directed
toward SK. This experiment will measure key elements of the mixing matrix between neutrino
states and show possibly evidence for CP violation in the lepton sector, a key element to explain
the asymmetry between matter and antimatter in our universe. Hence we recommend that theSuper-Kamiokande detector be rebuilt as a matter of urgency to start this program as soon as
beam is available from the 50 GeV accelerator. We further recommend that ways be studied tobring forward the high power operation of this accelerator and the development of the associatedneutrino beamline. Japan is the leader in this field and the committee had evidence of immediateand strong international collaboration for this project.
By 2007, the 50GeV accelerator could produce the highest intensities of charged and neutral Kmesons. This will present a unique opportunity to study key rare decay processes which have a
direct (and theoretically clean) interpretation in terms of the mixing matrix of quark states. Morespecifically it could help determine precisely the contribution of such mixings to the violation of
CP symmetry in the context of the Standard Model of particle physics. Now that CP violation
effects have been seen in the B-meson system as well, at KEK-B (Belle experiment) and at
SLAC (BaBar experiment), a detailed comparison of CP violation effects in the K and B meson
systems will shed new insights on the validity of the Standard Model and possibly indicate clues
for physics beyond it. Such precise comparison can only be made with kaon fluxes such that tens
to hundreds of rare events can be identified (only two events have been found so far for the
charge kaon decay into a pion and two neutrinos at the BNL-AGS facility). The high intensity of
the Joint Project is crucial for future efforts
With a strong Japanese effort in the current rare K-decay searches at the AGS and at the KEK PS
and a leading effort in the study of B-mesons at KEK-B, the Japanese scientific community can

-6-develop a world leading program in this field. The search for physics beyond the Standard Modelcan also be derived from a program on other kaon decays but also from rare muon decay
searches. There is a renewed interest in this sector because several new models based uponsupersymmetric grand unified theories predict branching ratios which would be accessible toexperiments using very intense muons sources as is envisaged for the PRISM project at the Joint
Project or at future neutrino factories.
The Committee was given a survey of the potential program in hypernuclear physics with theslow extracted protons from the 50Gev accelerator. A unique program of spectroscopy of S=-2
nuclei giving information on baryon-baryon interactions in nuclear matter is envisaged. High
Precision spectroscopy of hypernuclei could also be part of the initial suite of experiments. A
strong case was made that this field is ripe for a renaissance and would trigger a strong interest in
the nuclear physics community provided that the right facilities are made available. The very
high intensity to be available at the Joint Project will allow construction of high quality
secondary beams: the hyper nuclear program would most benefit from very pure kaon beams(using doubly separated beams) and from well focused microbeams. With the existing suite of
instruments already developed for the KEK-PS program (Hyperball, SKS spectrometer, CDS) or
obtained from other laboratories (SPES spectrometers from Saclay), a world class facility
hypernuclear physics would become available which would attract also a large international
community. It is recommended that a careful prioritizing of the initial physics objectives be
undertaken by the relevant physics advisory committee with the view of influencing at an earlystage the decisions which have to be made regarding the secondary beamlines and experimental
facilities.
Material and Life Science Experimental Facility
The centerpiece of the material and life science facility is the spallation neutron source (JSNS)
associated with neutron scattering facilities and the muon science facility providing muon beams
of highest luminosities. These facilities which are driven by the one megawatt proton beam willproduce intense fluxes of neutrons and muons, respectively, to be used for condensed matterphysics, chemistry, structural biology, materials science, technology research, fundamental
neutron and muon physics and other applications.
The Committee recommends that very high priority be attached to the construction of these'world class' facilities.
Neutron Science Facility
The new 1MW neutron source will provide opportunities to do cutting-edge science in the 21st
century. The facility will have one of the world’s most powerful neutron sources and it will
attract key problems from all over the world in the communities of physics, chemistry, materials
science, structural biology, industrial science and others. A total number of at most 25 beamlines view several moderators appropriately positioned and an area for the possible constructionof the second target station in future is well allocatedWe recommend that well defined priorities be set by the director during the coming year toallow a broad suite of instruments to be ready as soon as the first beam will be available.

-7-

Today some of the most important goals of science are to understand and describe life sciencesin terms of physical and chemical processes and to integrate physical and chemical properties
into functioning systems at the nano scale. There is a strong scientific community in these areasin Japan and we note its growing interest for technological research and its applications toindustry.
We recommend that action should be taken to pursue a possible participation in this life sciencefacility by active institutions in this area such as RIKEN to further promote exciting science atthis facility.
A megawatt pulsed neutron source is complementary to reactor-based continuous neutron source.
Japan has a great opportunity of such complementary use of both the JSNS and the existing JRR3M reactor located within 1km in the campus of JAERI Tokai Research Establishment if a wellintegrated users program is formed. The JSNS will also provide a great opportunity to AsianPacific countries which have medium-size research reactors such as Australia, China, India,
Indonesia, Korea and Taiwan. The JSNS also plays a complementary role to synchrotron x-ray
sources in the Asia-Pacific region.
Muon Science Facility.
Intense low energy muon beams will be produced from a 20 mm Carbon target irradiated by the
3 GeV protons. Due to the time structure and intensity of the primary beam, the world strongest
pulsed muon source will be created. This opens bright prospects for designing dedicated facilities
and experiments of outstanding quality, also attracting the international muon user community.
For example, one development pushed independently at RIKEN/RAL and PSI are ultra-low
energy (keV) muon beams allowing unprecedented surface studies of materials.
We recommend that proposals, selection and design of such dedicated facilities and/or
experiments should now be started by the Japanese experimental (and international) community
so that the design of the proton target station does not preclude the optimization of muon
facilities.
Nuclear Waste Transmutation.
The Committee notes the potential of this program to develop a Transmutation Experimental
Facility (TEF) and demonstrate technologies to deal with problematic long-lived radionuclides innuclear waste. It thus accords it a high priority. The proposed effort presented by JAERI
researchers addresses key questions associated with the use of high-energy particle acceleratorsand subcritical nuclear systems for nuclear transmutation. We note particularly that the proposed
TEF-P facility, comprised of a subcritical nuclear assembly “driven” by a low-power protonbeam, would be unique in the world. It would play a principal role to develop in-depth
understanding of coupled accelerator-nuclear systems needed for eventual application of thistechnology pathway to nuclear waste transmutation.

-8-

We recommend that JAERI-KEK vigorously pursue international participation and support for
the TEF, particularly the TEF-P; some amount of initial design and safety analysis activity for
the TEF-P be funded in Phase I of the project.
The International Advisory Committee recommends that a proposal be made to the interested
countries such as France and the United States to co-ordinate their efforts with Japan andparticipate in the first demonstration of the ADS technology.
Organisation
The extent to which the vision of the joint project as a free standing International Institutesupported by KEK and JAERI can be realised is of key interest to the Committee. This vision
foresaw the coming together of different, and in the past only weakly interacting, areas ofscience and technology, particle and nuclear physics, condensed matter science and the nuclear
fuel cycle to give a unique impetus and create cross disciplinary strength for Japan and theneighbouring region. In both the context of the budget implementation and priority setting in the
project against budgetary and personel constraints such cooperation would produce the best
outcome. We see the organisation structure and the degree of authority given to the Director in
the above matters as an important signal to the international community that the vision is real.
Much might be lost with the default option of their simply managing a set of competing consortia
with their own decision making processes.
There exist very good models of success for managing such a multidisciplinary project at
Institute level to avoid duplication, to promote international access and to maximise theattractiveness for national science and technology. One matter of interest to the Committee was
the way in which the programmes of the different scientific areas will be orchestrated. We weretold of discipline specific PACs in the process of formation. The IAC recommends that thedirector of the facility establish several PACs, one for each machine’s scientific program andsolicit program and beam priority advice separately from each of these committees. For issues
and conflicts among the programs of the individual machines, the director should rely on advice
from a high-level, facility-wide policy committee such as the IAC.
The Committee commends the Director for the structure of project committees set up in the lastyear. These have started to work effectively for the project. Their integration into the
management of the science program after start up deserves some thought and we recommendthat this matter be discussed at the next meeting of the International Advisory Committee alongwith the development of the scientific user community. Input from the User Consultative
Committee would be desirable on this point.
We recommend that budgetary delegation be given to the Director subject to half yearly review
by the Steering committee. Because of the importance of international collaboration werecommend that international collaborative delegation be given to the Director subject to half
yearly review by the Steering committee.

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Recommendations Summary
THE ACCELERATOR SYSTEM(1) We recommend that Project Management should develop a strategy for assuring thatsufficient manpower is assigned to the accelerator project to assure successful completion.
(2) We recommend that availability/reliability criteria be developed and formally communicatedto the accelerator design/construction team.
THE SCIENCE
Nuclear and Particle Physics(3) We recommend that the Super Kamiokande detector be rebuilt as a matter of urgency to start
this program as soon as beam is available from the 50 GeV accelerator.
(4) We recommend that ways be studied to bring forward the high power operation of thisaccelerator and the development of the associated neutrino beamline.
(5) Because of strong effort in current rare K-decay searches, the Japanese scientific community
can develop a world leading program in this field. The committee endorsed the scienceobjectives as world class with the recommendation that priorities be set and international
collaboration be encouraged to maximize the cost-benefit ratio of the rather expensive
investments which are required for such searches.
(6) The hypernuclear program would most benefit from the very high intensity available at the
Joint Project with the existing suite of instruments already developed or possibly obtained fromother laboratories. It is recommended that a careful prioritizing of the initial physics objectives
be undertaken.
Material and Life Science Experimental Facility(7) The centerpiece of the material and life science facility is the neutron spallation source
associated with neutron scattering facilities. We recommend that very high priority be attachedto the world class' construction of these facilities. The associated muon facilities will give a great
improvement in intensity over the current KEK facility and will be outstanding after realisationof Phase II.
(8) We believe that it is most important to stimulate participation in this life science facility byactive institutions in this area such as RIKEN to define a strong life science research program- 10 -

(9) We understand that funds will have to be found and priorities set to allow a critical suite of
new instruments to be available on day one. We recommend that the Director develop ways of
doing this, in the budgetary context, during the coming year.
(10) We recommend that proposals, selection and design of dedicated muon facilities and/or
experiments should now be started by the Japanese and international experimental community.
The design of the proton target station should not preclude the optimization of muon facilities.
Nuclear Waste Transmutation.
(11) We believe that Japan has a unique opportunity to play a major role in the demonstration of
nuclear waste transmutation with accelerator driven systems. We encourage JAERI and KEK tofurther develop their contacts with foreign research organizations and obtain their participationand support for the TEF, particularly the TEF-P. We believe that given the concern of Japanesecitizens it is of strategical importance that an initial design and safety analysis activity for the
TEF-P be funded in Phase I of the project.

BUDGET AND ORGANISATION(12) We believe that given the budgetary, manpower and schedule constraints posed by the
splitting of Phase I and Phase II a clear prioritization of projects is necessary in the coming year.
(13) We recommend a policy of "world class standard" in the quality of the construction of theaccelerators and the initial suite of supporting instruments even if the number of instruments orexperiments has to be limited.
(14) We believe that the different workshops organized to discuss international collaboration
around this project have already attracted the world attention. It is at the scientific and technicallevel that Japan has the best chances of success in attracting international support. We
recommend that attraction of international collaboration be one of the priorities of the director.
(15) We recommend that the director of the facility establish several PACs, one for eachmachine’s scientific program, and solicit program and beam priority advice separately from eachof these committees. For issues and conflicts among the programs of the individual machines,
the director should rely on advice from a high-level, facility-wide policy committee such as theIAC.
(16) The Committee commends the Director for the structure of project committees set up in thelast year. These have started to work effectively. Their integration into the management of thescience program after start up deserves some thought. We recommend that this matter be
discussed at the next meeting of the International Advisory Committee along with thedevelopment of the scientific user community. Input from the User Consultative Committee
would be desirable on this point.

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(17) We recommend that budgetary delegation be given to the Director subject to half yearly
review by the Steering committee.
(18) Because of the importance of international collaboration we recommend that international
collaborative delegation be given to the Director subject to half yearly review by the Steeringcommittee.

- 12 -

GENERAL REPORTINTRODUCTION
The Committee listened to presentations from both institutions for a day and a half on
March 5-6, 2002. There was a half-day of executive session on March 5 and subsequently
a visit to the facilities at Tokai.
The Committee expresses its appreciation to Mr. Ken-Ichi Murakami, President of JAERI,
and Professor Hirotaka Sugawara, Director General of KEK for their support of thereview process and to the Project Director Professor Shoji Nagamiya, Director Dr.
Hideaki Yokomizo and Joint Project staff for their hospitality.
The Advisory Committee noted the report of the International Review Committee of the
Joint Proposal of the Japan Hadron Facility (KEK) and The Neutron Science Project(JAERI) April 26-28, 1999 and in particular the "Points of Review" set then to analyse
the project.
Overview of the Facility
The proposal combines one plan to build a purely academic research facility and anotherplan to build a nuclear science and technology oriented facility into one project.
Phase 1 of the proposed combined facility to be built at the Tokai site consists of:
•
•
•
•
•
•

400-MeV linac system
3-GeV synchrotron operating at 25 Hz and delivering 0.33-mA average beam
current (3-GeV, 0.33-mA provides 1-MW of beam power)
Muon experimental area
Neutron source and neutron scattering area
40-GeV synchrotron delivering 15-mA average current with slow extraction.
K-meson experimental area

Phase 2 of the project will be:•
Neutrino experimental facility•
Upgrade of the accelerator to 50 GeV with fast extraction for neutrino
experiments.
•
An additional 200-MeV superconducting linac to make a 600-MeV linac system
for a transmutation experiment•Transmutation experimental area
Phase 2 of the project will be to upgrade the accelerator to 50 GeV with fast extraction
for neutrino experiments.
The Advisory committee was grateful for additional comments from the presenters on thescience project and the accelerator construction. These and the presentation allowed thecommittee to appraise the science and technology case and to assess the developmentsthat have been made since the 1999 report and especially since the project officially- 13 -

began in April 2001. The committee's appraisal is summarised below under the following
headings:

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Accelerators
The JAERI-KEK Joint Project entails the construction of a state-of-the-art proton
accelerator complex consisting of a 400 MeV linac, a 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron,
and a 50 GeV synchrotron. The two synchrotrons are designed to deliver extremely highaverage power: 1 MW from the 3 GeV accelerator and 0.75 MW from the 50 GeV ring.
These capabilities are beyond those of any other accelerators operating elsewhere in theworld today.
Performance criteria for the accelerators have been established and advanced conceptual
designs are complete. Full scale prototypes of most critical components are either
completed or in progress. Procurements have been initiated, most notably for the drift
tube linac and dipole, quadrupole, and sextupole magnets for the 50 GeV ring.
Because this facility is pushing beyond current state-of-the-art there are a wide range oftechnical challenges in achieving performance goals. Most of these challenges are
directly related to the very high average beam power delivered from the complex. While
this committee did not engage in a detailed review of the technical issues—this will behandled by the currently forming Technical Advisory Committee—a number of issues
were brought out in our meeting that we believe are deserving of attention by the project
management:• Human Resources
The Accelerator Group Leader stated that a staff of approximately 200 people was
required to construct the accelerator facility. At the moment approximately 100
people are available. The strategy for closing this gap, as required for a successfulproject, was not evident to the committee. The committee recommends that ProjectManagement should develop a strategy for assuring that sufficient manpower isassigned to the accelerator project to assure successful completion. In developing
such a strategy management may wish to consider the size of the staff that will be
required to support the accelerator facility during its operational phase as well as theopportunities presented to train new people in the technologies of accelerators.
• Availability Criteria
The committee believes that the users of this facility will expect an extremely reliable
operation, approaching 95% defined as actual/scheduled operational time. However,it does not appear that availability/reliability criteria have been relayed to theaccelerator group nor are formally reflected in their planning. The committee
recommends that availability/reliability criteria be developed and formallycommunicated to the accelerator team.

- 14 -

• Beam loss criteria and machine protection requirements
Beam loss criteria have been developed for the accelerator complex. The criteria areambitious, but also necessary to allow sustained operations at the establishedperformance goals. Diligence must continue throughout the design and construction
stages to assure that these criteria can be met. In particular, single pulse accidents
need to be investigated somewhat more thoroughly than they have been to date.
• Readiness for Component Procurement
The committee notes that major procurements have been initiated based on technicaldesign reviews conducted by a variety of committees over the last several years.
While to all appearances the design of the accelerator complex appears sound, thecommittee did not undertake a review of the accelerator design at a level of detail toallow us to determine that the initiation of major procurements is appropriate at thistime. The committee recommends that the Technical Advisory Committee currently
being formed be asked to look at readiness for procurement as part of their charge.

Finally, the committee notes that many institutions in Europe, North America, and Asia
are contemplating projects that contain considerable overlap with the technologies being
developed for the Joint Project. As such opportunities for collaboration on the accelerator
project with institutions outside of Japan exist and should be encouraged.
PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

By producing an unprecedented flux of high-energy protons, the Joint Project will
provide a unique hadron facility for the world physics community. The 50-GeV 15-µA
objective will be realized in a realistic time frame. Further intensity gain will be possible
in the future.
The proposal describes the wide range of particle physics issues which will be
addressed by the new facility with its secondary K, µ, ν and p̄ beams. Selection of themost pressing topics will be required to focus the program on the most relevant questions.
In the presentations the Committee was given the current thinking of the Joint Project
proponents regarding the initial key experiments they planned to develop. The choice was
motivated by physics interest and the ability of the facility to expand the experimental
reach into new frontiers. The Committee agrees that the three main areas, neutrino
oscillations (of relevance to neutrino masses and mixings), rare K decays (of relevance to
CP violation), and lepton flavor-violating decays (of relevance to lepton mixing),
represent the most exciting opportunities for the 50-GeV program.
The Committee recognizes that the 50-GeV ring presents exciting opportunities for theworld nuclear-physics community. The Committee strongly supports in particular thehypernuclear physics, where Japanese physicists are world experts.

- 15 -

Neutrino Physics
In neutrino physics, The Super-Kamiokande (SK) group has recently provided the mostcredible evidence of νµ à ντ neutrino oscillations as seen in the measurement of“atmospheric” neutrino fluxes in the SK detector. K2K is the first long baseline neutrino
oscillation experiment being carried out in Japan by sending a muon neutrino beam
produced at the KEK P.S. to the SK detector (250 km baseline). Recent results from K2K
are confirming the oscillation of atmospheric neutrinos. Precise observations of solar
neutrinos by SK and SNO provided firm evidence for νe à νµ,τ oscillations as the solutionof the long-standing solar neutrino problem.
With its much higher energy and beam intensity, the Joint Project will allow a precise
determination of the underlying parameters for the νµ à ντ oscillations, detailed study ofthe third and last oscillation mode νµ à νe, and study of the CP violation in the neutrino
sector. The 50-GeV proton beam with fast extraction is necessary to produce the intense
muon-neutrino beam with neutrino energies optimized to the oscillation maximum. The
high intensity is needed to gain high enough statistics and appearance of electronneutrinos. The muon-neutrino beam is directed to the SK detector and in the future toHyper-Kamiokande.
Two experiments are expected to start data taking in 2005 in the US (FNAL – Soudan,
730 km baseline) and Europe (CERN – Gran Sasso, 730 km baseline) for studying the νµà ντ oscillations. Though the Joint Project neutrino experiment will start 2 years later
than the US and European counterparts, it will provide better as well as new andcomplementary results thanks to the high intensity neutrino beam with the optimized
neutrino energies
Rare Kaon Decays
Amongst the Kaon decays to be studied, the measurements of the K+ → π+ν

and K°→ π°ν (direct CP violation mode) branching ratios are the most attractive because a
10% determination of these branching ratios determines with similar precision the twoelements of the quark mixing matrix, |Vtd| and Im (V*tsVtd), respectively, the latter
controlling CP violation effects in the Standard Model (S.M.). The expected branchingratios are ~9 x 10-11 and ~3 x 10-11 for K + → π+ν and K° → π°ν , respectively. With
the major effort being expended at present on the B meson system, one will be able tosubject the S.M. to a detailed test and any inconsistency between the determination of themixing parameters in the B and the K systems will point to specific extension of the S.M.
For example the minimal-supersymmetric-model (MSSM) extension of the S.M. would
shift the prediction by 10 – 20 % for Kaon decays but no change for B meson decays.

- 16 -

Experiments foreseen at the 50 GeV ring will be able to accumulate a few 100 andabout 100 events in a year for K° → π°ν and K+ → π+ν decay modes, respectively.
Currently the charged decay mode is being studied at the AGS, E949 experiment,
which expects 5 – 10 events in two years.
The program at Fermilab on K+ → π+ ν , the CKM experiment, has been approved
and plans to start data taking in 2007. It will be able to accumulate 100 events. So far noexperiments have found evidence for the neutral Kaon decay K° → π°ν . The KOPIO
experiment at the AGS is expected to run in 2007 and obtain 50 events in three years.
Japanese physicists and more specifically young Japanese researchers are involved in
the present world effort on rare K decays and often lead the current effort. They are theprime potential leaders of the future Joint Project effort.
Lepton Flavor Violation
The third main line of research to be developed at the Joint Project will be the search
for lepton flavor violation (LFV) processes (µ → eγ, µ → eee, µ¯N → e¯N or µ+e- à µ-e+)
with a new high acceptance muon source. Of these processes, µ-e conversion (µ¯N →e¯N) has the highest potential for large improvement at a low-duty-cycle high-intensity
accelerator, because it does not suffer from background of accidental coincidences as doother processes. There are two new developments in this field which make this researchtimely:Theoretically, the Supersymmetric Grand Unified theories (SUSY GUT) predict that
LFV will occur with branching ratios within reach of experiment at a high flux facility
and, experimentally, the recent proposal to develop very high acceptance muon sources
with phase rotation cooling which will provide several orders of magnitude improvementin muon fluxes.
This makes the Joint Project experimental program in lepton flavor violation
experiments extremely timely and the most likely place to test these ideas. Already a very
active working group is preparing test experiments on the super muon channel
technology and experiments have been proposed by Japanese groupsat PSI and TRIUMF
along these lines.
A competing effort called MECO has been proposed for the AGS program and if
funded will pave the way towards the sensitivities of the branching ratio down to 10-16.
The Joint Project capabilities will be required to reach SUSY GUT predictions. The
PRISM collaboration proposes a high-intensity, monochromatic muon source by meansof a phase rotation technique using a FFAG synchrotron. A muon yield of 10 12 /s is
expected. A mu-e conversion experiment with PRISM could reach the sensitivity level of- 17 -

10E-18. PRISM could be an injector of a neutrino factory and a muon collider in the
future. The fast extraction scheme of the 50 GeV ring is required as for the neutrino beam.
In conclusion, the Joint Project experimental program will build upon a unique capability
in terms of secondary beam fluxes and a base of expertise, which exists at KEK and inJapanese universities.
Beyond the three lines of research cited above, other opportunities will exist with
antiproton beams (it is proposed to re-establish the low-energy antiproton ring which has
been obtained from CERN) and with polarized protons. Also possible will be further
upgrades in intensities and duty cycle when the injector system is fully operational.
The Joint Project will be the world hadron facility that the community has demanded topush its experimental reach to the frontier of neutrino masses and mixings and precision
physics (rare decays).
Hypernuclear Spectroscopy
High-resolution (a few keV) and large-acceptance experiments with the Hyper-Ball γ
detector will open a new research domain in the spectroscopy of Λ-hypernuclei (S=-1).
The data will probe new many-body effects in nuclear matter due to the implantation of Λin nuclei. Light hypernuclei such as 4ΛHe and 7ΛLi have been studied and information on
ΛN spin-dependent interactions was obtained. The intense Kaon beam will enable toinvestigate heavier hypernuclei by (K-, π-) reactions. Japanese physicists have been thepioneers in this domain and their expertise is recognized worldwide.
Λ-hypernuclear spectroscopy will be studied at TJLab in the US by (e,e’K +) reactions andat FINUDA in Italy by stopped (K -, π-) reactions. Both experiments are expected to run ina few years.
The study of the (K-, K+) reactions with a high-resolution spectrometer will provide a way
to study the possible existence of S=-2 hypernuclei, such as Ξ- and ΛΛ-hypernuclei or H
dibaryon. This will open an important field of research. Experiments could start from day
one by bringing the existing SKS spectrometer at KEK.
The Joint Project hypernucleus program should concentrate on high resolution spectropy
on S=-1 and S=-2 systems and, as the 50 GeV beam intensity goes up, on heavier
hypernuclei. Weak decays of hypernuclei can give important information on hadronic
effects on weak interaction such as ∆I =1/2 enhancement and the role of chiral symmetry.
Hyperon-nucleon scattering

- 18 -The Λ-p, Σ-p and Ξ-p interactions will be studied for the first time in details with the 50GeV facility. These studies will provide an essential building block for hypernuclear
physics. In particular the knowledge of the spin-dependence of the Λ –N interaction andthe isospin dependence of the Σ-N interaction will have an impact on understanding QCD
in the non-perturbative regime. Other topics of interest are the possible existence of H
dibaryon and S = -3 dibaryons that are still open questions.

Vector-mesons in the nuclear medium
The availability of a 50-GeV facility will provide optimum flexibility for experimental
studies of the properties of the ω, φ, and J/ψ mesons in nuclear matter. One expects inparticular that their masses are changed in the nuclear medium. The Joint Project will be
the only facility where a clean and definitive answer to the mass generation mechanism
for hadrons can be found. The Joint Project will be a unique facility to observe thechanges of vector meson properties as a function of nuclear density up to five to ten times
the normal nuclear matter density.
Hadron spectroscopy
Glueballs and hybrids are fundamental tests of QCD. Although, their existence has been
predicted by many models, the existing data remain inconclusive. Recent experimental
results from CERN at the LEAR facility have shown the importance of high statistics inthis search. Unfortunately this program at CERN has been interrupted by the shutdown of
LEAR. The SUPER LEAR facility will not be built in the future since CERN
concentrates its investments on the Large Hadron Collider. Thus, the K-, π, andantiprotons beams from the 50 GeV ring would be a unique opportunity to study thecharmed baryons and mesons, or hybrid states. Such a program would be a remarkable
complement to the ones carried out at DAΦNE, Jefferson Lab and SPring-8.

MATERIAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
Neutron Scattering
Neutron scattering provides information at a microscopic level on the structure anddynamics of condensed matter in fields as diverse as Physics, Chemistry, Biology,
Materials Science, Earth Science and Engineering. The unique properties of neutrons as ascattering probe, selectivity through isotopic labelling, the magnetic interaction, theability to probe atomic motion, and the penetrability of the probe, are well establishedand are responsible for its broad exploitation.
Research with neutrons impacts on a wide variety of topics at the forefront of condensed
matter science. Recent examples include the determination of the high resolution
structure of high temperature superconductors and fullerenes; the study of excitations in

- 19 -

highly correlated electron systems and quantum fluids; the behaviour of complex fluids(surfactants, polymers and proteins) at interfaces; high pressure studies of crystalline
materials; and the structure of super-critical fluids. In addition, significant contributions
have been made to our understanding at a microscopic level of technologically relevantmaterials, such as polymers, plastics, proteins, liquid crystals, magnetic materials andsuperconductors.
Unlike the case for fundamental physics, there is no single experiment or classes ofexperiment which uniquely make the case for the facility. In contrast, the facility will
deliver a capability to understand - and hence influence - the world around us on the
angstrom to micron scale. Although unique in its insight, neutron scattering is often
complemented by studies with other probes: synchrotron radiation, electron microscopy
as well as theoretical studies and computer modeling.
In recent years, Japanese academic and industrial scientists have developed outstanding
capabilities in material and life sciences. To date, a pioneering number of these havebenefited from access to neutron scattering capabilities at JAERI and KENS, as well as
gaining access to world-leading facilities in Europe and America. However the potential
impact of marrying world-leading Japanese capabilities in these areas to a world-classfacility in Japan is immense. The explosion in the use of synchrotron radiation by abroad community following the development of SPring-8 will certainly be repeated withneutron scattering. Areas where significant advances can be anticipated include:
Soft Condensed Matter
Polymers
Macromolecules
Surfactants
Self assembling systems
Surfaces and Interfaces
bio membrane function
chemical reactions
catalysis
lubrication and adhesion
coating wetting etc
Biomolecular Systems
hydration in proteinsprotein dynamics and folding
molecular recognition
pharmaceuticals
Advanced Materials- Structure function relationships- Relaxor ferroelectrics/ceramics

- 20 -

Solid State Quantum Systems
High Tc superconductivity
Colossal magnetoresistance
Spintronics
Quantum critical phenomenaHigh Pressure High Temperature Science
phase transitions in mantel minerals
understanding earthquakes and vulcanism
Industrial Applications
non destructive investigations
The promotion of the industrial applications will be a particular feature of the new source.
The current number of users of neutron facilities in Japan is of order 500, but thepotential academic and industrial community including users from the Asia-Pacificregion could be as much as an order of magnitude greater.
Japan and the Asia - Pacific region will lack the high flux facilities of Europe and the
USA by the time that the joint project comes ' on stream' in 2006 and so a strategic
opportunity exists to make a world quality impact. The new 1MW neutron source will
provide opportunities to do cutting-edge science in the 21st century. The facility will
have one of the world’s most powerful neutron sources and it will attract key problems
from all over the world in the communities of physics, chemistry, materials science,
structural biology, industrial science and others. A total number of at most 25 beam lines
view several moderators appropriately positioned and an area for the possible
construction of the second target station in future is well allocated.
Japanese neutron scientists, through their experience gained in operating and developing
the highly efficient KENS source, and through their long-standing collaborations indeveloping instrumentation at ISIS have outstanding capabilities to develop the next
generation of instrumentation needed to exploit fully the potential of the new source.
Their involvement of the existing and potential user community in developing a ‘straw
man’ suite of 25 instruments is to be commended. Refinement of these instrument
concepts is ongoing, and the need for R&D programmes to develop key components iswell recognised. It is imperative that the funds are found and priorities set to allow adiverse suite of new instruments to be available on day one. A day-one target of ten fully
optimised operational instruments should be incorporated into Phase I of the project.
The 21st century will be the century in which biology becomes understood in chemicaland physical terms and one where the new science will be concerned with integration ofphysical and chemical properties into functioning systems at the nano and micron scales.
We note the strong scientific and growing industrially orientated community in theseareas in Japan. However action should be taken to pursue a possible participation in thislife science facility by RIKEN currently conducting a large life science program tofurther promote exciting science at this facility.

- 21 -A megawatt pulsed neutron source is complementary to reactor-based continuous neutron
source. Japan has a great opportunity of such complementary use of both the JSNS andthe existing JRR-3M reactor located within 1km in the campus of JAERI Tokai Research
Establishment if a well-integrated users program is formed. The JSNS will also provide agreat opportunity to Asian-Pacific countries which have medium-size research reactors
such as Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Korea and Taiwan. The JSNS also plays acomplementary role to synchrotron x-ray sources such as Photon Factory and SPring-8 in
Japan as well as many synchrotron radiation sources in the Asia-Pacific region.

Muon Condensed Matter Science
The Muon Science Facility utilising the one megawatt 3GeV proton beam will produce
large fluxes of low energy muons of prime quality competitive with present world
standards. The muon beams will achieve highest peak luminosities and intensities
worldwide allowing the design of outstanding experiments and facilities, especiallywhere the pulsed muon beam technique can be applied.
The new facility will be designed to allow frontier experiments with stopped muons inmaterials science (solid state physics) employing the Muon Spin Resonance (muSR)
method, but as well in fundamental muon physics, e.g. in studies of properties anddecays of muons and of muonic atomic and molecular systems.
A typical example where the Muon Science Facility may play a leading role on the world
scale is the creation of ultra slow muon beams using the pulsed laser technique which ispresently being developed by a RIKEN group. With this technique - given the future highluminosity of "surface" mu+ (muons produced by pion decay on the surface of the proton
target) - mu+ beams in the eV to keV range can do unprecedented surface studies ofmaterials on the micron scale.
Japan has already a long tradition in these research fields and is heavily engaged inleading experimental programmes at the superconducting muon channel of TRIUMF, at
the RIKEN-RAL facility at ISIS and at the Meson Science Laboratory (MSL) of KEK.
The Japaneese researchers, and especially the RIKEN Lab, possess therefore all theknowhow to properly design a 'world class' Muon Science Facility. In this respect, IAC
strongly recommends that this accumulated Japanese knowhow in Low Energy Muon
Physics and Facilities must be mobilized in the near future to help design the new Muon
Science Facility.
We recommend that proposals, selection and design of dedicated facilities and/or
experiments should now be started by the Japanese experimental (and international)
community so that the design of the proton target station does not preclude theoptimization of muon facilities.
A preliminary list of possible physics objectives with the Muon Science Facility has beencommunicated to the IAC as follows:- 22 -- Magnetic phase diagram determination- Quantum diffusion studies- Low dimensional magnetic systems- Heavy fermion systems studies- Frustrated magnetic systems- Penetration depth measurement for superconductors.
- Muon induced soliton, polaron in polymers and its detection by muons.
- High intensity negative muon beam as the introduction of a muonic(Z-1) impurity.
- Muon catalyzed fusion experiments- Fundamental Physics such as precise QED measurement
Obviously, this list is incomplete and proposals must be worked out andreviewed by the appropriate PAC before priorities can be issued.
TRANSMUTATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
In recent years, the accelerator-driven transmutation of nuclear wastes has emerged as apotentially complementary technology for radioactive waste handling, by transmuting thelongest-lived radioactive isotopes into short-lived or stable ones. Developing this newtechnology has a significant synergy with the spallation neutron source. Europe and theUnited States have already made significant studies in this domain, but Japan is the first
country to propose the construction of an ADS demonstration facility.
A distinguishing feature of ADS is the strong coupling between scientific/technologicalissues and public policy regarding nuclear power, nuclear waste management,
environmental safety, national security, and related concerns in which public opinion also
plays a major role. Although, science policy decisions in this area are particularly
sensitive and difficult, there is considerable agreement on the short- and medium-termgoals of the research. This is in itself remarkable, since the study of ADS is inherently
multidisciplinary, involving for the physics community elements of basic and appliedresearch in the following areas:•
the fundamental nuclear physics of transmutation;•
the spallation process for neutron production, including high-power target
technology;•
the design and operation of high-intensity, high-reliability accelerators.
The transmutation of selected long-lived constituents of radioactive waste to shorter-lived
or stable by products is a research area of interest to a number of international efforts. A
promising approach to creation of workable transmutation systems is through the creationof a high-intensity spallation neutron source which then “drives” a subcritical,
multiplying nuclear assembly. Such accelerator-driven assemblies would utilize fast
spectrum neutrons, since these are more effective (than thermal neutrons) in the fission ofhigher actinides such as neptunium, americium, and curium.

- 23 -The presence of large quantities of such actinides (in addition to plutonium) in a nuclear
reactor environment presents significant challenges in areas of control and safety,
especially for systems where fuels contain little or no uranium. For such reasonsaccelerator-driven subcritical systems potentially hold advantages over critical reactor
systems, since self-sustaining nuclear reactions cannot occur if the accelerator beam isturned off.
The coupling together of an accelerator, a spallation neutron source, and a subcritical
nuclear system is in itself not trivial. To achieve sufficient destruction rates for key
actinides, subcritical systems must possess several hundred to several thousand
megawatts of fission power. Questions of the dynamic behavior, robustness to material
feed makeup variations, and feedback and control of such assemblies must be addressedin order to demonstrate the viability of accelerator-driven systems for transmutation
applications.
Plans by the JAERI team to design and build a low-beam power, spallation-source driven,multiplying assembly, the TEF-P (Transmutation Experimental Facility – Physics)
represent the key first step towards demonstration of accelerator system viability. Thisfacility will allow determination of dynamic behavior of driven subcritical systems andwill create the understanding base needed to develop event detection, feedback, andcontrols systems for such assemblies. By using simulants of transmutation fuels, resultsfrom TEF-P operation can provide integral data for reaction rates of higher actinides –information needed to improve microscopic data libraries used in the design of bothreactor and accelerator-based transmutation systems. Finally a planned second-stage,complementary facility, the TEF-T, can provide important materials test and performancedata through irradiations carried out using high-intensity, 600 MeV proton beams.
The international interest in such transmutation science and technology research is great.
Scientists from the US, France, Russia, Sweden, Italy, Spain, Korea, and China areengaged in such activities.
Simultaneously, researchers from leading Japanese
universities are also studying the basic aspects of accelerator-driven transmutation. The
planned facility will be both a Japanese and international resource in this important field
related to long-term management of waste from nuclear power generation.
The full potential of international co-operation and co-ordination has not yet beenachieved among those countries that are interested in this technology. As research
progresses, there is an increasing possibility that important avenues of investigation willremain unexplored, or that unnecessary duplication will occur. To make optimum use ofavailable intellectual and financial resources, it may be necessary to strengthen existing
co-operative mechanisms, or to create new ones.
Scientists are willing to contribute to the development of this potential solution to an
important problem in many countries. International co-operation and consultations areproven tools for advancing scientific and technological understanding of ADS, andcontacts are frequent on the scientist-to-scientist level. Several conferences andworkshops have already been held. There are also mechanisms for exchange of

- 24 -

experimental results and compilation of data in international bodies such as the OECD
Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the UN International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Formal agreements exist among several research institutions in Europe, North Americaand Asia.
The International Advisory Committee recommends that a proposal be made to theinterested countries such as France and the United States to co-ordinate their efforts withJapan and participate in the first demonstration of the ADS technology.

ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT
During the presentations, several of the speakers referred to “PACs” that would provide
advice on the selection of and relative priorities for the experiments to be performed at
the Joint Project. After receiving questions from the IAC about the PAC structure, severalof the presenters supplied written commentary on their views of how the imagined PACs
are expected to function. These views had more coherence than the oral presentations but
there still emerged no clear overall program advisory structure across the facility. Noting
this ambiguity, the IAC would like to make the following observations relative to the useof Program Advisory Committees (PACs) plus an associated recommendation:
the scientific program of the Joint Project is so broad that a single PAC will not, inpractice, have the span of expertise or committee donated time to properly span all
proposed scientific activities in the program, even with a possible mitigation of thisburden by the use of a supporting array of expert subcommittees; several PACs will beneeded;in practical terms, each of the accelerators will generate beam-use priority issues that a
PAC devoted to the program of that specific machine (3 GeV, 50 GeV and SC Linac)
will be asked to consider and make program and priority recommendations to the Joint
Project director (or an associate director for that program); linkage between the programs
and priority conflicts among the Joint Project machines will also exist but will be weakerin practice, so that priority of use at the machine level could be addressed by a facilitywide policy committee (such as the IAC) reporting to the Joint Project director;
because the mission of the facility is aimed at the beam intensity frontier, thesimultaneous time sharing of primary beam among experiments for a single machine (bybeam splitting or time sequencing in successive machine cycles) will not be feasible ingeneral, so the scientific program will generate serious conflicts of priority, even within
the program of a given facility (eg., neutrino running vs. rare kaon decays); the chosen
PAC structure needs to plan for this circumstance.
With these points in mind, the IAC recommends that the director of the facility establish
several PACs, one for each machine’s scientific program and solicit program and beampriority advice separately from each of these committees. For issues and conflicts among
the programs of the individual machines, the director should rely on advice from a highlevel, facility-wide policy committee such as the IAC.
On an associated governance topic, we noted frequent statements to the effect that the
Joint Project was intended to be an “international” effort and facility. From the materials

- 25 -

that the IAC saw and heard, this admirable intent will require significant conceptual andplanning developments by the project management if it is to be implemented and realized
in practice.
A typical process to form international collaboration is:(1) A series of workshops are held and experimental projects are presented.
Workshops must be organized by people in a specific field, say, neutrino, Kaon, etc. A
necessary fund can be requested to the ministry, Monkasho, and also to JSPS.
(2) A meeting is announced for the possible grouping. Some of the attendees are assigned
to form a core group.
(3) They then try to formulate each group's contributions and to enlarge the group if
necessary.
Workshops in all areas of interest to the Joint Project have been held and more areplanned. Since the budget and manpower of the Joint Project are really tight, internationalgroups must seek substantial funds not only for building the detector but also for making
the targets and beam line magnets etc.
Since it is already due time or even overdue to form international groups, similar concrete
actions are urgently needed for other nuclear and particle projects. Otherwise foreigngroups may not have time to contact funding agencies and get funded in time.
Beyond these scientific contact and collaborative organization actions, we note that theimplementation of a truly international facility also requires several formal steps thatneed to be taken in the proper sequence:•the participation among countries (Asian region, Pacific Rim, or the whole world)
and the scope of involvement (design and construction of accelerator and beam facilities;•
design and construction of research program experiments, research collaborationin the operation of experiments via international collaborations, or a combination of thesescope extents) should be characterized in a “Mission Statement” for the project and its
scientific program;•a “Roadmap” document should then be developed that shows, in significant detail,how the mission statement is intended to be implemented and evolve in time, with what
desired partners and with what government sanctions (agreements between governments,
agreements between institutions, informal university collaborations without specificgovernment sanction, or a combination of all of these);•the Joint Project officers should begin to develop the enabling documents noted initem 2 for signature by government officials, institutional directors and desired
collaborating scientific groups that will thereby formalize and begin to implement thedesired actions; Government-to-Government Agreements and/or Memoranda ofUnderstanding with the desired parties have been the usual instruments to formalize thecollaborative activities; the process of arriving at these agreements will be time
consuming and should be initiated in the near future.
It is possible that this formalization process has already begun and may even be nearcompletion but the IAC was not informed about it. We recommend that these actions be
initiated if they are not already in progress.
PRIORITISATION

- 26 -The Director has indicated to the Advisory Committee his sensitivity to the need to set
priorities. There are in existence several methods of how to set priorities.
For Phase 1 Project the budget has already been allocated to individual experimental
areas. It is intended to form certain scientific committees, the committee for neutrons
already in existence being the first. These committees will discuss which of experiments
must fly first. For particle/nuclear physics the process of forming this committee isoccurring. A strong weight will be attached to the discussions at these committees onpriority setting.
The mechanism of how to set priorities for Phase 2 would be to obtain the input from theInternational Advisory Committee as a very important component. Its comments onscientific priorities will be reported to the Steering Committee (the Committee where
representatives from KEK and JAERI meet). This committee will recommend whichbudget request must be submitted first.
The progress of priority setting will be reported by the Director at the next TAC

INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONInternational collaboration has been mentioned in several places in this report and in therecommendations. The long term success of the project and its benefit to Japan will
depend on setting the parameters for this collaboration correctly as soon as possible forthe excellent instruments proposed. The ideas for this need to be agreed in Japan at the
project, at the Steering committee and at the highest levels of government. The
International Advisory Committee offers its help in this regard with a view to a clear
statement of these parameters being available at its next meeting.