ABSTRACT COMPENDIUM

2023

DRSD

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON

DISASTER RESILIENCE AND
SUSTAINABLE DEVELPMENT 2023
SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH DEVELOPMENT
7 - 8 DECEMBER 2023

2023

DRSD
THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON

DISASTER RESILIENCE AND
SUSTAINABLE DEVELPMENT 2023
SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH DEVELOPMENT
7 - 8 DECEMBER 2023

ABSTRACT COMPENDIUM

December 2023
The provision of this compendium is supported by the Asian Institute ofTechnology's Disaster Preparedness, Mitigation, and Management Program (DPMM)
as an integral component of the abstract consolidation process for the 3rdInternational Symposium on Disaster Resilience and Sustainable Development 2023.
Copyright

2023 AIT

Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)P.O. Box 4, 58 Moo 9, Km. 42, Paholyothin Highway,
Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
Website: https://ait.ac.th/
Acknowledgment
We extend sincere appreciation to the authors for their impactful research at the
Symposium on Disaster Resilience and Sustainable Development, enriching our
discussions. Special thanks to our partners for their support, integral to thesymposium's success. Your collective efforts have significantly advanced ourunderstanding of disaster resilience and sustainable development. We are
deeply grateful for your valuable contributions.
Disclaimer
The abstracts in this compendium for the Symposium on Disaster Resilience andSustainable Development are the work of individual authors. While efforts havebeen made to ensure accuracy, the organizing committee takes no responsibility
for errors or opinions expressed. The content is the authors' sole responsibility
and does not necessarily reflect the views of the committee, sponsors, oraffiliated institutions. The committee disclaims liability for any consequences
arising from the use or interpretation of the information in the abstracts.
Published by
Disaster Preparedness, Mitigation, and Management Program
Asian Institute of Technology, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Thailand

TABLE OF
CONTENTS
About DRSD 2023

06

DRSD 2023: Committees

07

DRSD 2023: Organizing Team

11

DRSD 2023: Partners

14

DRSD 2023: Keynote Speakers

15

Abstract List by Thematic Areas

16

Abstract List: A

33

Abstract List: B

47

Abstract List: C

83

A. Climate Change, Risk Reduction and Adaptation

B. Disaster and Climate Resilience in Coastal, Marine and Deltaic Systems

C. Remote Sensing and ICT Applications for Disaster Resilience

Abstract List: D

D. Resilience of Urban, Built Environment and Infrastructure

Abstract List: E

E. Risk Reduction, Governance and Development

Abstract List: F

F. Strengthening Ecological and Natural Systems for Disaster Resilience

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

111
141
172

05

ABOUT DRSD 2023
The escalating complexity of disaster risk, propelled by climate change,technological advancements, and growing anthropogenic pressures,
underscores the critical need for heightened understanding and action. The
potential risks pose extensive and enduring threats to societal sustainable
development. Current development trajectories indicate a future marked bycompounded hazards and intricate risk landscapes, encompassing biological,
technological, natural, and man-made hazards—many of which areinterconnected and self-perpetuating. Addressing these challenges
necessitates comprehensive exploration and investigation of underlying risk
drivers to effectively attain sustainable development goals.
The "3rd International Symposium on Disaster Resilience and Sustainable
Development," abbreviated as DRSD 2023 and organized by the Asian Instituteof Technology, serves as a pivotal platform for experts, practitioners,
policymakers, and students from the Asia Pacific region and beyond. DRSD
2023 aims to facilitate a discourse on refining development practices tomitigate long-term, intricate risks and foster equitable sustainability. With its
expansive thematic scope, including Enhancing Natural Systems for Disaster
Resilience, Complexity in Disasters and Climate Risk Management, Risks andResilience in Coastal, Marine, and Deltaic Systems, Disaster Risk Governancefor Sustainable Development, Resilient Critical Infrastructure and Built
Environment, and Enhancing Disaster Resilience Through Information
Technology, and diverse participation, DRSD 2023 is well-positioned to delve
into the intricate challenges faced by the Asia Pacific region and beyond,fostering collaborative solutions.
In addition, the collaborative efforts showcased in this event, from enhancing
natural systems to resilient critical infrastructure and built environments,
underscore a commitment to mitigating long-term risks and fostering
equitable resilience. The insights gained, discussions held, and networks forgedduring DRSD 2023 are anticipated to contribute significantly to advancing ourcollective understanding and response to the multifaceted challenges ofdisaster resilience and sustainable development. The symposium also
spotlights keynote speeches, panel discussions, technical sessions, poster
presentations, and academic exhibitions. Furthermore, DRSD 2023 also stands
as a vital platform for participants to forge new networks and partnerships orreinforce existing ones, enhancing opportunities for future collaboration.
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

06

DRSD 2023: COMMITTEESORGANISINGCOMMITTEE
Dr. Indrajit Pal
Asian Institute of Technology

ThailandProfessor Sangam Shrestha
Asian Institute of Technology

ThailandProfessor Mokbul Morshed Ahmad
Asian Institute of Technology

ThailandDr. Kuo-Chieh Chao
Asian Institute of Technology

Thailand

ADVISORYCOMMITTEE
Dr. Tabassam Raza
Planning and Development Research Foundation
Inc. (PLANADES) and University of the Philippines

Philippines

Dr. Nuwong Chollacoop
National Energy Technology Center (ENTEC)

ThailandProfessor Anil Kumar Gupta
National Institute of Disaster Management

India

Professor Mahua Mukherjee
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

India

Professor Nitin Kumar Tripathi
Asian Institute of Technology

ThailandDr. Jessada Karnjana
National Science and Technology
Development Agency (NSTDA)DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

Thailand07

ADVISORYCOMMITTEE
Dr. Iftekhar Ahmed
University of Newcastle

Australia

Dr. Sreevalsa Kolathayar
National Institute of Technology Karnataka

India

Professor Md. Anwarul Abedin
Bangladesh Agriculture University

Bangladesh

Professor Mokbul Morshed Ahmad
Asian Institute of Technology

ThailandProfessor Jacquleen Joseph
Tata Institute of Social Sciences

India

Mr. Aslam Perwaiz
Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)

ThailandDr. Nichole Georgeou
Humanitarian and Development Research
Initiative (HADRI), Western Sydney University

Australia

Professor Abdul Salam
Asian Institute of Technology

ThailandProfessor Kunnawee Kanitpong
Asian Institute of Technology

ThailandDr. Linda Anne Stevenson
Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change
Research (APN)

Japan

Professor Mukand BabelNational Institute of Technology Karnataka

India

Professor Rajendra P. Shrestha
Asian Institute of Technology

ThailandProfessor Pennung Warnitchai
Asian Institute of Technology

ThailandProfessor Dr. Zaibunnisa Abdul Haiyee
Universiti Teknologi MARADRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

Malaysia08

ADVISORYCOMMITTEE
Professor Yonariza
Universitas Andalas

Indonesia

Dr. Ram Thapaliya
Tribhuvan University

Nepal

Dr. Amod Mani Dixit
Asian Disaster Reduction and Response
Network (ADRRN)

Mr. Man Thapa
DRM Professional

Nepal

Nepal

SCIENTIFICCOMMITTEE
Professor Deepthi Wickramasinghe
University of Colombo

Sri Lanka

Professor G.P. Ganapathy
Vellore Institute of Technology

India

Dr. Thi Phuoc Lai Nguyen
Asian Institute of Technology

ThailandDr. Sreevalsa Kolathayar
National Institute of Technology Karnataka

India

Professor Mokbul Morshed Ahmad
Asian Institute of Technology

ThailandDr. Puvadol Doydee
Kasetsart University

ThailandDr. Takashi Oda
University of TokyoJapan

Dr. Govindarajalu Srinivasan
Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early
Warning System for Asia and Africa (RIMES)DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

Thailand09

SCIENTIFICCOMMITTEE
Dr. Ho Huu Loc
Asian Institute of Technology

ThailandDr. Subir Sen
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

India

Dr. V Rajesh ChowdharyInternational Institute of Information Technology (I2IT)

Dr. Sujoy Kumar Jana
The Papua New Guinea University of Technology

India

Papua
New Guinea

Dr. Afshana Parven
Noakhali Science and Technology University

Bangladesh

Dr. Hiroyuki Miyazaki
GLODAL Inc

Japan

Dr. Bingwei Tian
Institute of Disaster Management andReconstruction (IDMR), Sichuan University

China

Dr. Malay Pramanik
Asian Institute of Technology

ThailandDr. Parmeshwar D. Udmale
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

India

Dr. Shweta Sinha
Thammasat University

ThailandDr. Chaitanya Krishna
Asian Institute of Technology

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

Thailand10

DRSD 2023: ORGANIZING TEAMPROGRAM CHAIR &ADMINISTRATION
Dr. Indrajit Pal
Chairperson

Mr. Jeeten Kumar
Administrator

PROGRAM
EMCEE
Ms. Nusrat Rehman Rana
Emcee

Mr. Ganesh Dhungana
Emcee

GRAPHIC &PUBLICATION
TEAM
Dr. Anirban Mukhopadhyay
Team Lead

Ms. Vyshnavi Ganni
Graphic Designer

Ms. Kullanan SukwanchaiGraphic and Publication Support & Rapporteur

Mr. Hlaing Wint Lwin
Graphic Support
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

11IT & TECHNICALSUPPORT TEAM
Mr. Subhajit GhoshTeam Lead

Mr. Md. Mahmudul Hasan
Technical Support

Mr. Muhammad Hammad
Technical Support

Mr. Nandanavanam VBS
Sudarsan Karthikeya
Technical Support & Photographer

Mr. Pratik Poudel

Technical Support & Rapporteur

LOGISTIC TEAM

Ms. Ajeng T. Widyastuti

Logistics and Accommodations Lead

Mr. Aditya Ganni

Logistics and Equipment Lead

Mr. Nattapon Trumikaborworn
Logistic Support

Mr. Pham Phan Hong Danh
Logistic Support & Rapporteur

Mr. Salman Khan

Logistic Support & Rapporteur

Ms. Herath Mudiyanselage Nimanthie
Manisha Herath
Logistic Support & Rapporteur

Mr. Jungang Luo

Logistic Support & Rapporteur

Mr. Sajjad Hasnain Md Haikel
Van Coordinator
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

12

PROGRAMSUPPORT TEAM
Mr. Ayush Baskota
Team Lead

Mr. Md. Mahfuz Hossain
Program Support

Mr. Neelay Srivastava
Program Support

Mr. Sajedur Rahman

Program Support & Rapporteur

Ms. Lopa Islam

Program Support & Rapporteur

Mr. Thanakom Wongboontham
Program Support & Rapporteur

Mr. Md. Bakebillah

Program Support & Rapporteur

Mr. Zaw Min Htet

Volunteer Coordinator

Ms. Sreejita Banerjee
Hall Coordinator

Ms. Annlouise Genevieve Castro
Hall Coordinator

Ms. Ratchaneekorn Thongthip
Hall Coordinator

Ms. Deepali Mishra
Hall Coordinator

Mr. Anil Kumar

Hall Coordinator & Rapporteur

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

13

DRSD 2023: PARTNERS

UK Research and Innovation : UKRI
Global Challenges Research Fund : GCRF
Living Deltas Research Hub
Asian Disaster Preparedness Center : ADPC
Keio University
Institute of Disaster Management and Reconstruction : IDMR, Sichuan University
National Energy Technology Center : ENTEC
Global Water & Sanitation Center : GWSC
Universitas Andalas
Planning and Development Research Foundation Inc.: PLANADES
Climate Action Resource Network - Asia Pacific : CARN-AP
University of Huddersfield
Stockholm Environment Institute : SEI
Asian Disaster Reduction & Response Network : ADRRN
Science for Sustainability
Kathmandu University
Action Nepal
Resilience Innovation Knowledge Academy : RIKA
South Asia Alliance of Disaster Research Institutes : SAADRIDRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

14

DRSD 2023:
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

Prof. Rajib Shaw

Prof. Andy Large

Dr. Sanjay Srivastava

Keio University, Japan

Newcastle University, UK

UNESCAP, Thailand

Dr. Faith Chan

Prof. Dilanthi AmaratungaProf. Gretchen Kalonji

University of Nottingham
Ningbo China, China

University of Huddersfield, UK

Institute for Disaster Management
and Reconstruction, China

Dr. Bhichit Rattakul
Thai Network for Disaster
Resilience, Thailand

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

15

ABSTRACT LISTS
By Thematic Areas

ABSTRACT LISTSBY THEMATIC AREAS
A

Climate Change, Risk
Reduction and Adaptation

D

Resilience of Urban, Built
Environment and Infrastructure

B

Disaster and Climate
Resilience in Coastal, Marine
and Deltaic Systems

E

Risk Reduction, Governanceand Development

C

Remote Sensing and ICT
Applications for Disaster
ResilienceF

Strengthening Ecological andNatural Systems for Disaster
ResilienceA

Climate Change, Risk Reduction and
Adaptation

DRSD-2023-031

Impact of Natural Disasters on Educational Attainment inIndia: A Panel Data Analysis

34

DRSD-2023-033

Willingness to Pay for Index-Based Cattle Insurance among
Dairy Farmers in Southern India

35

DRSD-2023-052

Compensation for Losses and Damages Caused by Climate
Change: Challenges and Progress

36

DRSD-2023-066

Investigating the Effectiveness of Trade Policies as a Potential
Mitigation Tool: A Cross-Country Empirical Analysis

37

DRSD-2023-100

Determinants of Adolescents' Pro-Sustainable Behavior: A
Systematic Literature Review Using Prisma

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

38

17

DRSD-2023-128

Inequities in Health-Related Quality of Life Among People
Living in the Selected Disaster-Affected Coastal Areas ofGanges Brahmaputra Delta in Bangladesh

39

DRSD-2023-145

Understanding the Vulnerability of Climate Migrant Women:
A Case Study on Railway Slum of Khulna City40

DRSD-2023-154

Climate Variability of Thailand in Association with ENSO andIOD: A Literature Review

41

DRSD-2023-158

Socio-Economic Risk Analysis: A Different Approaches of Social
Adaptive Capacity Building in Chao Phraya River Basin, Thailand

42

DRSD-2023-183

Minimizing Initial Cost for Flood Mitigation in Several Basins inJapan: Paddy Fields as Reservoirs or Flood-Resistant Buildings

43

DRSD-2023-192

Temporal Analysis of Recurring Flood Hazards, and Its
Implications for Resilience and Adaptation in Social-Ecological
Systems in Gorakhpur District

44

DRSD-2023-209

Disaster and Climate Resilience in Quezon City: Evaluating Local
Development Planning for Sustainable Development Goals

45

DRSD-2023-216

Watershed Modeling with Statistical Downscaling of Climate
Scenarios: A Case Study of Lahore City Using Climate Model Data
for Hydrologic Modeling (CMhyd)

B

46

Disaster and Climate Resilience inCoastal, Marine and Deltaic Systems

DRSD-2023-035

Mitigation of Inundation by Cyclonic Sea Waves Using
Modular Lightweight Curved Seawall: Case Study at Caudan
Waterfront, Mauritius
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

48

18

DRSD-2023-039

Effects of Climate Disasters on Folk Professions andAdaptation Strategies: A Case Study in the Sundarban
Region of Bangladesh

49

DRSD-2023-076

Invasive Alien Marine Species in Thailand

50

DRSD-2023-082

Plastic Leakage Causing Marine Pollution Issue in Thailand

51

DRSD-2023-084

Challenges of the Salt Farmers in South-Eastern Bangladesh

52

DRSD-2023-096

Sustainable Solution for Managing Plankton Bloom in Thailand

53

DRSD-2023-107

Health Care Utilization, Financial Burden and Health Care
Copayment Mechanism for Most Disaster-Affected Areas in
the Ganges Brahmaputra Delta in Bangladesh

54

DRSD-2023-112

Vulnerabilities to Coastal Hazards and Climate Change: A Review
of Andhra Pradesh and Global Perspectives

55

DRSD-2023-121

Sustainable Management in Offshore Sand Mining: A Coastal
Ecosystem Analysis and Control Model for Tunda Island

56

DRSD-2023-135

Modeling of Potential Tsunami Hazards and Efforts to Increase
Community Capacity in the Trisik Coastal Area, Kulon Progo
Regency, Indonesia

57

DRSD-2023-136

Nature Based Approach and Community Resilience in Khaolak, Phang-nga 58
DRSD-2023-139

Simulation of Carbon in a Mangrove-Shrimp System in the
Mekong Delta

59

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

19

DRSD-2023-140

Assessment of Habitat Risks in Mangrove Areas in the
Mekong Delta

60

DRSD-2023-141

Assessment of Habitat Quality in Mangrove Areas in the Mekong Delta

61

DRSD-2023-142

Applying a Soft System Methodology to Seek Solutions for
Maintaining Aquaculture-Mangrove System

62

DRSD-2023-147

Urban Flood Impacts of Delta Socio-Ecological Systems: A Case
Study on Slum Populations in Dhaka, Bangladesh

63

DRSD-2023-148

Landscape Ecological Dynamics in the Era of Changing
Climate in the GBM Delta

64

DRSD-2023-150

Coastal-Marine Traffic Impact Area Assessment Using Night
Light Data and Spatial Analysis – Implications for CMSP and DRR

65

DRSD-2023-155

Enhancing Delta Sustainability: An In-Depth Assessment of a
Climate-Inclusive Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for
Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100

66

DRSD-2023-165

Estimating Loss and Damage by Cyclone Amphan in Highest
Risk Prone Coastal District of West Bengal, India, Using
Sustainable Livelihood Approach

67

DRSD-2023-168

From Risk to Resilience: A Community-Based Resilience Against
Coastal Hazard, Case Study in Tourism Village, Kuta Central
Lombok68

DRSD-2023-175

Amplifying the Voices of the Community: Strengthening
Resilience in the Sundarbans Delta

69

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

20

DRSD-2023-176

Stories of Hope: Co-Developing Youth-Led Climate Change
Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction for Local Communities
in the Red River Catchment, North of Vietnam

70

DRSD-2023-179

Livelihood Strategies for Sustainability in Different Socio-Ecological
Systems in Coastal Bangladesh

71

DRSD-2023-180

Assessing Risk and Avoiding Negative Tipping Points in the Red
River Delta Coastal Areas72

DRSD-2023-186

A Review of Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change
Adaptation Strategies in GBM Delta Communities in India

73

DRSD-2023-189

Development Dilemma with Coastal Protection: Experiencesfrom Southwest Coastal Zone of Bangladesh

74

DRSD-2023-190

Mainstreaming CCA And DRR Into the Coastal and Marine
Neighbourhood Development Planning Process

75

DRSD-2023-200

Structural and Natural Based Solution in Beach Community
Perceptions

76

DRSD-2023-202

Risk Analysis in Post-Disaster Health Management Failure in
Padang City77

DRSD-2023-203

Risk Analysis of Post-Disaster Logistics Transportation System in
the City of Padang

78

DRSD-2023-204

Understanding Resilience Strategy through Livelihood
Diversification and Kinship Networks Among Communities Living
Along Coastal Line: Case of Padang City, of West Sumatra

79

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

21

DRSD-2023-213

Communication Management in Coastal Abrasion Mitigation
Based on Pentahelix Collaboration in West Sumatra

80

DRSD-2023-224

Risk-Informed Infrastructure Planning. An Essential for Enhancing
Urban Resilience: A Case Study from Viet Nam

81

DRSD-2023-228

Applying the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) to
Assess Coastline Change Along the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

C82

Remote Sensing and ICT Applications
for Disaster Resilience

DRSD-2023-004

Drought Vulnerability Assessment in Lam Ta Kong Watershed

84

DRSD-2023-018

Importance of Geohazard Investigation for Sustainable
Infrastructure Resilience in the Nepal Himalaya

85

DRSD-2023-034

Enablers for Adoption of Blockchain Technology for Disaster
Management: A Grey Dematel Approach

86

DRSD-2023-057

Advancing Urban Flood Hazard Detection: A Look at Synthetic
Aperture Radar and Machine Learning

87

DRSD-2023-061

Influencers in Digitally Enhanced Disaster Risk Management and
Its Impact in SDGs Achievement in India: A Dematel Approach

88

DRSD-2023-064

Machine Learning Applications for Disaster Management: A
Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda

89

DRSD-2023-075

IoT For Smart Cities: An Application-Based Perspective

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

90
22

DRSD-2023-081

Proposal of a Portable ICT System Integrated with AI
Processing for Enhancing Disaster Front-Line Operation

91

DRSD-2023-092

Network Analysis of Resource Mapping for Fire Emergency
Response: A Case Study of Phra Khanong District

92

DRSD-2023-116

Exploring Drought Characteristics in Vietnam During the Period
2001 – 2022 Using MODIS Image93

DRSD-2023-119

Impact of Land Use/Land Cover Changes and Urbanization in
Peshawar City94

DRSD-2023-129

Smart Phone Water Quality and Water Depth Monitoring
Using Water Sensors

95

DRSD-2023-132

Geo-Spatial Mapping and Analysis of Water Sources Suitability
as Potable Water in South Cotabato Province Philippines

96

DRSD-2023-144

Towards Pandemic Disaster Resilience: Measuring Spatial
Infection Risk to Aid Reflexive Decision-Making During
Infectious Disease Outbreaks

97

DRSD-2023-149

Elephant Habitat Modelling in Sai Yok National Forest Using
High-Resolution Pléiades Data98

DRSD-2023-178

RiskChanges: A WebGIS Application for Multi-Hazard
Quantitative Risk Assessment

99

DRSD-2023-184

Comparative Assessment of Automatic Flood Mapping Approaches
Using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Earth Observation Images: A
Case of Kerala Flood Event Over Indian Region

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

100

23

DRSD-2023-191

Geospatial Insights for Disaster Resilience in Barcelona, Spain:
Integrating Landsat 8 Remote Sensing, GIS, and Machine Learning
to Monitor Air Pollution and Examine Its Impact on Mental Health

101

DRSD-2023-194

A Review on Understanding the Drought Indices andAssessment Technique in ASIA

102

DRSD-2023-205

Trajectory Model of Tsunami Evacuation in Padang

103

DRSD-2023-208

Developing a Systematic Framework for A Climate-Resilient Early
Warning System for Heat Stress Utilizing Heat Stress Sensors andInformation Technology: A Case of Quezon City, Philippines

104

DRSD-2023-212

Identifying Challenges to the Optimal Utilization of Early
Warning Systems for Flood Management in Metro Manila:
Advancing SDGs 11 and 13

105

DRSD-2023-220

Rainfall Threshold-Based Early Warning System for Landslides:
A Case Study from the Nilgiris District, Western Ghats of India

106

DRSD-2023-223

Advancing Impact-Based Forecasting and Warning (IBFW) in
Southeast Asia: A Case Study from Vietnam
DRSD-2023-231

Intersecting Realities: Land Use Change in Southwestern
Coastal Areas Amidst National Transformations in Bangladesh

107

108

DRSD-2023-232

Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Sea Surface Temperature in
the Bay of Bengal: A Comprehensive Study from 1999 to 2018

109

DRSD-2023-233

Heatwave Dynamics in Dhaka: Understanding Influences,
Assessing Ramifications, and Charting Eco-Friendly Remedies

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

110

24

D

Resilience of Urban, Built Environment
and Infrastructure

DRSD-2023-012

Assessing Vulnerability of Built Environment in Landslide
Prone Region of Raigad District, India

112

DRSD-2023-013

Climate Extremes and (Peri) Urban Flooding: The Case of
Rawta Village, Delhi

113

DRSD-2023-022

Enhancing Urban-Rural Coordination for Sustainable Water
Management and Disaster Resilience: A Case Study of Water
Scarcity in Kathmandu, Nepal

114

DRSD-2023-027

A Proposed Method for Assessing Household Level Vulnerability
to Urban Heat: A Case Study on Informal Settlements in
Bangkok115

DRSD-2023-040

Multi-Layered Traditional Flood and Debris Flow Prevention andPreparedness: A Case Study from Arakawa Village, Japan116

DRSD-2023-042

Legalizing Traditional Timber Construction for Earthquake
Resistance: A Case Study of Japan117

DRSD-2023-054

Community-University Cooperation for Post-Disaster Housing
Reconstruction: A Case of Puebla, Mexico

118

DRSD-2023-060

Blue-Green-Grey- Infrastructure (BGGI) for Flood Resilient
Planning: A Scoping Study of Kochii City, Kerala, India

119

DRSD-2023-073

Quantitative Analysis of City-Scale Green Infrastructure Planning
for Air Quality Improvement: A Case Study of Delhi, India

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

120

25

DRSD-2023-091

Pathways for Facilitating Voluntary Compliance to Safe
Building Codes for Disaster Resilience: The Case of theInformal Settlements in Bangladesh

121

DRSD-2023-093

Navigating Through the Power Crisis: Assessing Sustainable
Energy Resource for Long-Term Power Outages in San Jose,
Occidental Mindoro, Philippines

122

DRSD-2023-097

A Blueprint for Climate-Resilient Urban Flood Drainage Master
Planning

123

DRSD-2023-126

Identification and Ranking of Spatial Clusters of Flood Prone
Basic Education Facilities in the CAMANAVA Area, Metro Manila,
Philippines Using Kernel Density Estimation Technique andAttribute Overlay Analysis

124

DRSD-2023-130

A Literature Review of Water Security Assessment Methods forPlanning Critical Infrastructure

125

DRSD-2023-143

Experiences of Environmental Change: An Intergenerational
Research in the Mekong Delta

126

DRSD-2023-151

Case Study: Seismic Risk Assessment of Existing Essential
Building Structure in Karachi

127

DRSD-2023-152

Critical Infrastructure Interdependency Analysis: Identifying
Inter-Sectoral Linkages in Bangladesh

128

DRSD-2023-156

Enhancing the Communication and Electricity Lifelines for
Response to Natural Disasters in New Zealand

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

129

26

DRSD-2023-159

Development of Seismic Fragility Functions of Reinforced
Concrete Low-Rise Single-House Buildings in Chiang Mai
Using a New Analytical Approach

130

DRSD-2023-181

Exploring the Effects of Different Construction Standards inFulfilling the Requirements of Building Codes: Towards
Resilient Infrastructure Facilities

131

DRSD-2023-182

A Comprehensive Review of Local-Level Structural Damage
Evaluation in Reinforced Concrete Structures Using Nonlinear
Finite Element Analysis

132

DRSD-2023-185

An Assessment of the Smart Resilient Development Scheme
for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management: The Case of
Barangay Rizal, Makati City, Metro Manila, Philippines

133

DRSD-2023-193

From Disaster Risk to Ecotourism: The Youth Movement of
Ampiang Parak Coastal Village, West Sumatera, Indonesia

134

DRSD-2023-201

Risk Analysis of Failure in the Post-Earthquake Disaster
Evacuation Process in Padang City

135

DRSD-2023-210

Evaluating the Efficacy of Sustainable Transportation Policies in
Mitigating Climate Change in Metro Manila, Philippines: The
Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program

136

DRSD-2023-211

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of SMAN 1 High School
Building in Padang City, Indonesia

137

DRSD-2023-214

Evaluating Sustainable Surface Water Availability in Lahore
City: Factors of Climate Change and Transboundary
Diversions Taken into Account
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

138

27

DRSD-2023-215

Land Readjustment Approach as an Urban Development Toolfor Disaster Resilience: A Study of Japan's Experience and Its
Applicability in the Philippines

139

DRSD-2023-217

Charting Sustainable Renewable Energy Policy andTechnologies for Climate Resilience and Sustainability in
Karachi, Pakistan's Urban LandscapeE

140

Risk Reduction, Governance andDevelopment

DRSD-2023-010

Disaster Risk Governance Initiatives for Achieving Sustainable
Development Goals in India: Efficient Incident Response
System, Crisis Management and Emergency Response
Mechanisms

142

DRSD-2023-015

A Comprehensive Methodology for the Post-Disaster
Damages, Losses, and Need Assessment

143

DRSD-2023-024

Quantifying Non-Economic Loss and Damage: A
Comprehensive Review and Compilation of NELD Indicators forMulti-Hazard Disasters

144

DRSD-2023-025

Adaptation to Natural Disasters by Households in India: A
Panel Data Analysis

145

DRSD-2023-036

Policy Learning in Urban Resilience: The 100 Resilient Cities Network

146

DRSD-2023-043

Application of Educational Technologies to Assist in Recovering
Gaps in Student Learning During Disasters: Experiences fromInternational Schools around Bangkok Affected from Covid-19

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

147

28

DRSD-2023-044

Labor Law Implications on Disaster Vulnerable Small andMedium Enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand

148

DRSD-2023-045

Constitutional Law Provisions Towards Disaster Managementin Thailand

149

DRSD-2023-051

From Crisis to Resilience: Exploring Response Strategies
Through a Comparative Study of Flood Resilience in Bangkok
and the Isaan Region

150

DRSD-2023-053

Sustainable Reconstruction and Recovery During the“Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008” in Sichuan, China151

DRSD-2023-056

Drought Adaptation in Thailand: A National Governmental
Perspective

152

DRSD-2023-058

Systematic Review of Disaster Resilience and Livelihood
Frameworks

153

DRSD-2023-074

Risk-Informed Land Use Planning for Community Resilience ofthe Municipality of San Francisco, Quezon, Philippines154

DRSD-2023-079

Male Labor Migration and Women Empowerment: A
Systematic Review

155

DRSD-2023-087

156

Disaster Resilience in Nepal: An Ethical Perspective
DRSD-2023-102

Building Resilience with Job Skills: A Case Study of Young
Craft Producers

157

DRSD-2023-108

Crises, Complexity, and Community: Planning for Resilience
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

158
29

DRSD-2023-109

Tribal Food Security Assessment Index: A Study of Vulnerable
Indigenous People of Jharkhand, India

159

DRSD-2023-124

Analyzing Governments' Policies on Disaster Risk Managementin the Borobudur Cultural Heritage Region, Indonesia

160

DRSD-2023-137

Identifying Vital Spaces: Enhancing Disaster Risk
Communication to Promote Community-Based Disaster Risk
Management in Panggarangan Village, Indonesia

161

DRSD-2023-160

A Systematic Literature Review on Women’s Economic
Resilience in Disaster Management

162

DRSD-2023-166

Private Sector Engagement for Community Resilience andSustainable Development

163

DRSD-2023-173

Role of Microfinance on Poverty Reduction in the Post-Disaster
Scenario: A Case Study of Neelkantha Municipality, Nepal

164

DRSD-2023-195

Enhancing Sustainability of Community-Based Flood Early
Warning Systems

165

DRSD-2023-198

Lesson Learned from Elementary School Pupils Evacuation Drill
in Padang

166

DRSD-2023-206

The Description of Students' Knowledge of Earthquake Disaster
Mitigation at the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Andala167

DRSD-2023-218

Integrating Sustainable Development Goals Environmental
Domain in the Environmental Impact Assessment Process Flow168

DRSD-2023-226

Shifting Paradigm of Disaster Management in Nepal

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

169

30

DRSD-2023-230

Engaging Youth in Flood Risk Management: A Citizen Science
Geospatial Initiative in Bangladesh

170

DRSD-2023-234

Resilience Starts Locally: Addressing Challenges andEnhancing Sustainability Through Localization

F

171

Strengthening Ecological and Natural
Systems for Disaster Resilience

DRSD-2023-021

Whose Wellbeing Improved After Adoption of Crop Insurance inIndia? Assessing Benefits Across Land Holding Farmer Groups

173

DRSD-2023-037

Potential of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices to Build
Climate Resilience: Evidence from Eastern India

174

DRSD-2023-055

Incorporating a Nature-Based Soil Retention Ecosystem Service
Approach for Landslide Hazard Management in a Western
Himalayan Watershed

175

DRSD-2023-059

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation:
Designing Action Plan for Agricultural Livelihood in
Northeastern Region, Thailand

176

DRSD-2023-063

Nature-Based Solutions to Enhance Sustainability in Palm Oil
Production

177

DRSD-2023-080

The Impact on PM2.5 in Thailand Society: An Investigation into
Causes, Challenges, and Policy Gap in Implementations

178

DRSD-2023-094

Climate Change Impact on Major Food and Non-Food Crops: A
Study of Assam, India

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

179

31

DRSD-2023-101

Microplastic Crisis and Environment Issue Concern

180

DRSD-2023-115

Invest Model Simulation of Climate and Land Use Changes on
Nutrient Export in Tra Vinh Province, Vietnamese Mekong Delta

181

DRSD-2023-120

Enhancing Climate Resilience in the Most Climate Affected
Communities by Adapting Locally Suitable Techniques
Through Actions Research

182

DRSD-2023-171

Disaster Risk and Climate Change Impact on Tourism
Development: A Case Study from Hoang Lien National Park,
North of Vietnam

183

DRSD-2023-197

Community Perceptions and Concerns about Water Quality ofBung Binh Thien Lake, An Giang Province

184

DRSD-2023-199

Pine Sap Extraction and Its Potential Threat to Land Slide

185

DRSD-2023-219

Optimization of Hydrosol Liquid Waste Distillation of Essential
Oil as Raw Material for Making Botanical Insecticides as Pest
Control in Agriculture

186

DRSD-2023-221

UNU-Global Mountain Safeguard Research Activities: Bridging
Science, Policy and Practice from Local to Continental Level in
Support of Sustainable Development in Mountain Regions

187

DRSD-2023-222

Urban Morphology and Surface Cover Analysis in the GreenInfrastructure Action Plan (GIAP): The Case of Barangay U.P.
Campus, Quezon City, Philippines

188

DRSD-2023-227

Indigenous Knowledge of Afro-Asian Tribal Communities:
An Alternative Science of Natural Disaster Management

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

189

32

A

ABSTRACT LIST
THEMATIC AREA : A
Climate Change, Risk
Reduction and Adaptation

DRSD-2023-031

Impact of Natural Disasters on
Educational Attainment in India:
A Panel Data Analysis
Hussain Yasser Razak, Pranab Mukhopadhyay
Correspondence: yasserh666@gmail.com

Abstract
With increased incidence of extreme events due to climate change studies
have predicted disruptive effects on welfare in the form of widening
inequalities, increased disparities, as well as long-term impacts on education.
Disruption in education can lead to human capital loss and adversely affectfuture growth and development. India is considered particularly vulnerable toclimate change and therefore there is a need to understand how muchnatural disasters already affect educational outcomes. To the best of ourknowledge, there is no national-level study that has estimated such impacts in
India. We use data from two of the latest rounds of India Human Development
Study (IHDS) and employ a panel difference in difference regression modelwith continuous treatment fixed effects at the individual level. This allows us to
examine the impact of natural disasters on education outcomes between
2004-05 and 2011-12 at the individual level. Our estimates improve upon all
earlier studies on this theme that have relied on cross-section data or pseudopanel data at the district level. We provide first estimates of the impact ofnatural disasters on educational attainment disaggregated by social (caste,religion, and gender) and economic groups (consumption quintiles). We findthat natural disasters significantly and negatively affected education for Other
Backward Castes and Scheduled Castes, Muslims, Other Minorities, Women,
and three Consumption Quintiles (including those below poverty). We also findthat the number of household assets, the number of children in the household,school fees, school type, confidence intensity, health insurance, and life
insurance also influence educational years. Our results have significant
implications in the context of quality education, gender equality reduced
Inequalities, and climate change (SDG 4, 5, 10, 13 respectively).

Keywords
Climate change, Human capital, Natural Disasters, Educational Attainment,socio-economic groups
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

34

DRSD-2023-033

Willingness to Pay for Index-Based
Cattle Insurance Among Dairy
Farmers in Southern India
Anupama Shantharaju, Jarrod Kath, Arun Muniyappa,
Shahbaz Mushtaq
Correspondence: anu.shantharaju@usq.edu.au

Abstract
Dairy farmers in India face many risks from extreme weather events, which
detrimentally impact their cattle milk production. To assist these vulnerable
dairy farmers in managing risks and preventing income loss, the government
subsidizes livestock insurance by paying 50% of the premiums. However,despite considerable subsidy, not many farmers have taken advantage of thisscheme, and the uptake of insurance has been poor. To understand why, astudy was conducted in south India, which surveyed dairy farmers andidentified factors that influence their interest in insurance as well as their
willingness to pay for a new index-based livestock insurance. Approximately
41% of farmers were interested in purchasing the proposed index-based
insurance scheme and were on average willing to pay a premium ranging
from INR 500 -1000 per annum for a payout of INR50,000. This premium
amount is more or less very similar to cattle insurance under the current
subsidized scheme offered by dairy cooperative societies in the region. Thissuggests that the cause of low uptake cannot be attributed to high insurance
premiums. Our study found that farmers who spend more time on dairy
activities have larger landholdings, earn more from dairy, and have younger
cattle are more likely to participate in index-based cattle insurance.
Interestingly, farmers opt to prioritize protecting younger cattle over older ones,
likely due to their higher future value and increased susceptibility to risks. To
increase dairy farmers; participation in cattle insurance, the information on thebenefits of insurance should be better communicated. Policymakers should
design insurance schemes with an understanding of farmers; needs and othercritical factors that influence participation in cattle insurance schemes.

Keywords
Climate risk; Willingness to pay (WTP); Index based cattle insurance (IBCI);
Contingent valuation method; India; Cattle;
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

35

DRSD-2023-052

Compensation for Losses andDamages Caused by Climate
Change: Challenges and ProgressPratik Poudel, Mokbul Morshed Ahmad
Correspondence: prtkpoudel@gmail.com

Abstract
In 1991, the AOSIS (The Association of Small Island Developing States) broughtup the idea of getting compensation from developed countries for destruction
caused by climate change. But it wasn't until 2007/08 that other developing
countries and non-governmental entities really got the ball rolling. At theSharm Al Sheikh COP meeting, a plan was created to provide money for
responding to losses and damages from climate change. There are tons oftough questions that need to be answered, like who should be held
accountable and to what extent. We also have to figure out what events are
due to climate change and which aren't, plus how to deal with non-economic
losses and damage. Financially and budget-wise, there are still a lot of issues
to tackle. The article also mentions tools to assess losses, damages, etc., butthere are still some kinks to work out, especially when it comes to assigning
responsibility and budgets.

Keywords
The Association of Small Island Developing States, compensation, climatechange, developed countries, least developed countries

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

36

DRSD-2023-066

Investigating the Effectiveness ofTrade Policies as a Potential
Mitigation Tool: A Cross-Country
Empirical Analysis
Dhananjay Kumar Rai, Subir Sen
Correspondence: dk_rai@hs.iitr.ac.in

Abstract
Climate change mitigation and adaptation policies are strategicallyinterconnected, since the amount of adaptation needed ultimately depends
on the amount of mitigation achieved. To mitigate climate change, cutting
GHGs has been proven a difficult task because international coordination of
the required mitigation efforts is seemingly difficult. However, with appropriate
policy frameworks, trade could play an important role in helping countries toachieve their mitigation targets. Since EU has implemented Carbon Border
Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), which extends its ETS (Emission Trading
Scheme) mechanism to imported goods, it becomes pertinent to investigate
its consequences on developing countries’ exports. The present study aims toinvestigate the impacts of environmental regulations on India’s export inpollution intensive exports. The study has considered India’s export inpollution-intensive sectors to 24 developed countries as dependent variable
and regulations in importing countries as explanatory variables. By employing
PMG-ARDL model, this study investigates the long-run impact ofenvironmental impacts on pollution-intensive trade flows from 1995-2018. The
findings show that measures related to regulation on domestic industries bydeveloped countries, stimulate imports from India. These results are in line with
the Pollution Haven Hypothesis. On the other hand, trade policy measures suchas imposition of tariff discourage trade of pollution-intensive goods. The study
has policy implication towards effectively achieving the mitigation goals. The
study provides empirical evidences that supports the imposition of CBAM as
an effective tool in limiting the cross-borders flow of emission-intensive goods.

Keywords
Climate change, Mitigation, CBAM, ETS, Environmental regulations,
Trade disruptions
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

37

DRSD-2023-100

Determinants of Adolescents' ProSustainable Behavior: A Systematic
Literature Review Using Prisma
Prakash C. Bhattarai, Richan Shrestha
Correspondence: prakash@kusoed.edu.np

Abstract
Climate change is a contemporary severe issue around the world.
Adolescents, who should prepare to lead the world, must know how to beresilient during disasters. More specifically, they are expected to behave in anenvironmentally appropriate manner, and thus, it is necessary to identify thefactors influencing their pro-sustainable behavior (PSB)/ pro-environmental
behavior (PEB). In this connection, the literature offers various factors
influencing PSB among adolescents. However, no study integrates dispersed
research on comprehensive systematic review. With this consideration, thisstudy presented a systematic review of all 21 interdisciplinary studies on
factors influencing adolescents’ ecological behavior, published in 2010 -2023
and available in SCOPUS and the Web of Science Database.
The analysis revealed that the study on the issue had increased after 2015,
especially in developed countries. Those studies featured quantitative
research designs, and the key factors influencing adolescents' proenvironmental behavior can be presented into demographic, internal, andexternal factors. The findings can be helpful for future researchers to haverigorous discourse on the issue with an expansion of research in developing
countries by adding the approaches of qualitative and mixed-method
research design. Policy-makers can utilize findings to formulate their climatechange mitigation and disaster management plans.

Keywords
pro-environment behavior; adolescents; systematic review; factors; climatechange; disaster management

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

38

DRSD-2023-128

Inequities in Health-Related Quality of Life
Among People Living in the Selected
Disaster-Affected Coastal Areas of Ganges
Brahmaputra Delta in Bangladesh
Md Zahid Hasan, Halima Akter Prova, Mohammad Wahid Ahmed,
Ziaul Islam, Shehrin Shaila Mahmood
Correspondence: md.zahid@icddrb.org

Abstract
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) emphases on combating climate change
and its impact (SDG-13) and ensuring healthy life and overall well-being (SDG-3).
However, a few studies focused on the impact of natural disasters on healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) among the vulnerable coastal people. Therefore, thisstudy aimed to assess the HRQoL of people living in the coastal areas of
Bangladesh. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in two disasterprone districts (Satkhira and Bagerhat) in the southwest of Bangladesh. A total of
3,213 individuals aged 18 years and older were interviewed from 1,759 households
using the Euroqol five dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) instrument and a visual analogous
scale (VAS).
The impact of factors on the HRQoL were assessed by applying Tobit regression
model. The surveyed individuals had mean (standard deviation) EQ-5D and EQ-VAS
score of 0.678(±0.18) and 0.669(±0.19), respectively out of full health status score of
1.000. The highest proportion of respondents reported of having slight or severe
problems of pain or discomfort (70.1%) and anxiety or depression (76.2%).
Significantly higher proportion of respondents from the lowest wealth quintile
reported of having problems in all dimensions of EQ-5D and consequently had thelowest HRQoL compared to the others. Regression analysis identified that those who
did not lose residence, income, and cultivable land due to the last disaster, had 1.86,
1.38, and 3.46 points higher health status scores than those who lost, respectively. It
was evident that individuals were likely to experience problems in several
dimensions of health which implied lower HRQoL among them. Interventions should
focus on providing sustainable housing, livelihood, and access to quality healthcare
to elevate the HRQoL of the communities affected by disasters.

Keywords
EQ-5D, quality of life, disaster-affected areas, coastal areas, Bangladesh

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

39

DRSD-2023-145

Understanding the Vulnerability of
Climate Migrant Women: A Case
Study on Railway Slum of Khulna City
Lopa Islam, Sarmin Khatun
Correspondence: st123491@ait.asia

Abstract
Bangladesh, with its vulnerable geographical settings, faces intensifying threats
from climate change, leading to noteworthy rural to urban migration as extreme
climatic events displace communities. Climate migrant’s women, in particular,
endure pronounced vulnerabilities upon relocation, ranging from inadequate
shelter to employment challenges. This vulnerability is exacerbating by profoundly
engrained societal gender disparities, where women encounter limited access topower, resources, and antagonizes paternalistic ideologies reinforcing maledominance in political and economic sphere. The study identifies the factors
contributing to the vulnerability of climate migrant women and differentiated theirvulnerability from those of non-climate migrant, with specific focus on railway slumin Khulna city. The study explores social, economic, political cultural and physicalfactor responsible for rendering climate migrant women’s vulnerability throughqualitative and quantitative analysis. Utilizing the case of the railway slum, the study
employs semi-structured interviews with 43 climate and 43 non-climate migrant
women and 15 case studies on climate migrant women to elucidate the key
vulnerabilities factors hindering women’s resilience. The findings underscore thatfactors such as limited educational opportunities, inadequate skill, restricted socialand political network, diminished decision power, lack of community engagement
and limited productive assets collectively impede climate migrant women’s accessto essential services. The absence of training opportunity further exacerbates theirstruggle for self-improvement. Cooperation between governmental and nongovernmental organizations and well-defied government initiatives are required toreduce the vulnerability and ensure climate migrant women’s equitable access to arange of essential facilities, ultimately fostering their empowerment and resilience.

Keywords
Climate Migrant Women, Vulnerability, Political Network, Social Network,
Productive AssetDRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

40

DRSD-2023-154

Climate Variability of Thailand
in Association with ENSO andIOD: A Literature Review
Sajjad Hasnain MD Haikel, Mallappa J Madolli, Lopa Islam
Correspondence: st123318@ait.asia

Abstract
In a narrow context, climate is typically the average weather over a specifictime frame, often 30 years. It involves statistical descriptions of mean andvariable elements, mainly surface factors like temperature, precipitation, andwind. Global surface temperatures and precipitation have exhibited significant
increases over the years. In Asia, the warming trend was about twice as large
as the warming trend from the previous 30 years. The latest data reveals a
noteworthy trend, with a yearly increase of around 0.03°C for Tmax, Tmean and
Tmin in Thailand. In contrast, the average annual total rainfall is increasing at a
rate of about 2.5 mm per year. In recent times, there has been a decrease in
the frequency of precipitation events, but those that do occur are more
intense. This indicates a trend toward wetter conditions which led to anincreased occurrence and severity of flash floods in different parts of Thailand.
The majority of Thailand's temperature ranges shrunk as a result of Tmin
increasing more quickly than Tmax, resulting in a decrease in diurnal
temperature ranges. The prominent climate drivers El Niño-Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) have an influence on theweather patterns in Thailand. The purpose of this review is twofold. First, it is tosummarize the current state of the climate variability of Thailand inassociation with ENSO and IOD. Second, develop a conceptual framework toanalyze the climate variability in association with ENSO and IOD. This review will
enhance the understanding of the dynamic pattern of climate variability in
Thailand and the role of ENSO and IOD. The outcomes of the study will serve asa foundation for the development of effective strategies and guidelines forsustainable adaptation measures, disaster preparation, and water resource
management.

Keywords
Climate Variability, ENSO, IOD, Trend, Correlation

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

41

DRSD-2023-158

Socio-Economic Risk Analysis: A
Different Approaches of Social
Adaptive Capacity Building in Chao
Phraya River Basin, Thailand
Thanakom Wongboontham, Vilas Nitivattananon
Correspondence: twongboontham@gmail.com

Abstract
Chao Phraya River Basin (CPRB) in Thailand has a variety of social and economic
activities. The CPRB catchment areas cover agricultural production, urban areas,
and metropolitan areas. The land function change is conceptually driven andpressured by socio-economic development. This research aims to interpret thesocio-economic risk that can lead to the designing of urban flood adaptation
measures in three CPRB sub-basins. The research is based on Driver-PressureState-Impact-Response Framework to design mixed analytical method. In themethodology, the research collected the 17-government dataset to select theindicators by Principal Component Analysis. The indicators can be utilized toanalyze the socio-economic scales by Multiple Linear Regression. The results of thesocio-economics in the index form are analyzed with disaster exposure indicators
to cluster the three type of risk location by K-Means Clustering. The result of thisanalysis is to point out a different type of risk between urban flood risk and natural
flood risk, which need a different approach of adaptation strategies. The urban
flood risk is found surrounding the BMR’s peri urban areas, and the natural flood risk
can normally be found along wetland and river side areas in Upper, Middle, andLower CPRB. The research found that the natural flood risk is along Chao Phraya,
Yom, Nan Rivers that covers the administrative boundaries from Nakon Sawan,
Phichit, Phitsanulok, and Sukhothai provinces. The finding of this research can referto different adaptive capacity buildings. In the lower CPRB, in the BMR, the adaptive
capacity needs financial measures to compensate for the impacted households,
businesses, and agricultural sector. On the other hand, social capacity building
needs community strengthening in the wetland and riverside communities. In theend, this research finding is necessary for the disaster public agencies, such as
local governments and provincial authorities, to design the provincial disastermanagement plan.

Keywords
Socio-economic Risk, Social Adaptive Capacity, Chao Phraya River Basin, DPSIR,DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

42

DRSD-2023-183

Minimizing Initial Cost for Flood
Mitigation in Several Basins inJapan: Paddy Fields as Reservoirs or
Flood-Resistant Buildings
Takumi Yamada, Kensuke Otsuyama, Saki Yotsui, U Hiroi
Correspondence: yamada-takumi-hitokura@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Abstract
Since the damage of flooding will be increased due to climate change, there isa need for applying flood mitigation countermeasures in the floodplain. This
study considered two approaches: using paddy fields as reservoirs (PFAR) andconstructing flood-resistant buildings (FRB). However, deciding on priority
countermeasures for each basin is difficult because some basins are better off
with one measure and some basins are better off with the other to minimize
the initial cost for achieving the same implementation level of flood mitigation.
Although there are several studies focusing on the impact of policy
implementation, few studies have analyzed the balance of the PFAR and FRB interms of the initial cost. Keeping these challenges in view, the purpose of thisstudy is to show the policy of flood mitigation in the entire basin, which
minimizes the total initial cost of applying countermeasures for the same
standards of flood mitigation. In this study, by constructing some scenarios
using the quantity and location of PFAR as a parameter, flood simulation is
performed to see the effect of PFAR using RRI (Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation)model (RRI model can analyze rainfall, runoff, and inundation together as a
package). Then, the authors calculate the total initial cost for implementing
countermeasures (PFAR+FRB) and identify the best scenarios for flood
mitigation. The findings of the analysis will be presented in the poster session.
This study would be useful to suggest some hints in land use planning torealize flood-resistant cities in basins with growing populations, as well as forflood mitigation policies in basins that are already highly urbanized. For the
future work, the authors will make additional scenarios, whose parameters areland use change and arrangement of detention basins.

Keywords
Urban flood mitigation, Flood risk management, Flood-prone area, RRI-model
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

43

DRSD-2023-192

Temporal Analysis of Recurring Flood
Hazards, and Its Implications for
Resilience and Adaptation in SocialEcological Systems in Gorakhpur District
Neelay Srivastava, Indrajit Pal, Zaw Min Htet, Divyansh Tripathi
Correspondence: st121807@ait.asia

Abstract
This study aims to conduct an analysis of the impact of reoccurring flood hazards
on social-ecological systems (SES) within the context of coping capability in
Gorakhpur District. Impact of recurring flood hazard on social-ecological systems
within context of coping capacity in Gorakhpur District. The major objective will beto get overview the temporal probability of recurring flood inundated areas of
Gorakhpur district through query based analysis in flood hazard zonation mappingin the GIS environment, while its analysing the impact on SES in ambit of coping
capacity. Recurring floods have the potential to inflict severe and lasting damage
on both human communities and the ecosystems that support them.
The estimate of probability on spatio-temporal scale indicates the potential for
future occurrences of floods, which may have serious adverse impacts on thesocial-ecological system and could be impacted by internal factors. Although, foodsituation in Gorakhpur is largely due to its hydrology in basin area. Flood on different
date for monsoon months for a single year were unified by to form a single flood
layer for that particular year. Consequently, a distinct flood layer was created forrespective year for 2010, 2016, and 2020. This aproach gives better understanging offlood coverage situation and its spatially recurring probability. Some of theecological indicator was taken from LULC change over the same decadal timedifferences. The depletion of forest and alterations in river channels are anticipated
to result in significant socio-ecological ramifications, and vive versa. The findings
emphasize the necessity of proactive and adaptive approaches to flood risk
management, which can enhance the sustainability of both social and ecologicalsystems in the context of recurring flood occurrences.

Keywords
Flood hazard, Disaster, sustainability, Social, ecology, Resilience, LULC, spatiotemporal, SES, GIS

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

44

DRSD-2023-209

Disaster and Climate Resilience inQuezon City: Evaluating Local
Development Planning for
Sustainable Development Goals
Tabassam Raza, Jade S. Agapinan, Carmelita R. E. U. Liwag, Isabella
M. Prodigalidad, Danica Marie V Arriesgado, Abegail Rose L.
Valenzuela, Julia Angela Mae E. Collado, Mark Anthony M. Morales
Correspondence: jsagapinan@up.edu.phAbstract
The Philippines' susceptibility to diverse disasters and their implications for national
development necessitate integrating Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) andDisaster Risk Reduction (DRR) into policy, development plans, and governmental
tools at all levels. Legislation like the Climate Change Act of 2009 and Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Act of 2010 underlines the critical role of CCA and DRR,
particularly within local development planning, to address vulnerabilities andenhance disaster resilience. These policies enable Local Government Units (LGUs) toinclude CCA and DRR in their territorial development plans, conducting
comprehensive risk assessments and implementing mitigation and adaptation
measures. Recognizing the interplay between CCA, DRR, and Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), it's clear that they mutually reinforce one another. The
absence of CCA and DRR measures can impede SDG attainment. This study delves
into the impact of mainstreaming CCA and DRR in local development planning on
SDG achievement, specifically in Quezon City, Philippines. An extensive literature
review, including documents like the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP),
Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP), Local Disaster Risk Reduction andManagement Plan (LDRRMP), and Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP),
examines how these initiatives contribute to the 17 SDGs. While the findings are
specific to Quezon City, they have broader implications, particularly for LGUs facing
climate and non-climate hazards and vulnerable populations. Integrating CCA andDRR into local development planning is vital for community safety, especially invulnerable areas like Quezon City, aligning with the city's SDGs.

Keywords
Sustainable Development Goals, Planning, Risk Reduction, Adaptation

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

45

DRSD-2023-216

Watershed Modeling with Statistical
Downscaling of Climate Scenarios: A Case
Study of Lahore City Using Climate Model
Data for Hydrologic Modeling (CMhyd)
Shaker Mahmood Mayo, Tabassam Raza, Shaker Mahmood Mayo,
Zeshan Ali, Mousaiq Hussain, Syam Anjum, Maryam Shafiq, Carmelita
R.E.U. Liwag, Thess Khaz Raza, Mark Anthony M. Morales
Correspondence: plannershaker@gmail.com

Abstract
Understanding the ramifications of climate change on Lahore City involves anintricate interplay of climatic variables and the city's susceptibility to these shifts. To
assess these implications comprehensively, this study scrutinizes data from three
Global Climate Models (GCMs) within the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project
phase 6 (CMIP6): BCC-CSM 2-MR, INM CM-5-0, and MPI ESM 1 2 HR, all at a 100kilometer resolution. The focus is on projected temperature and precipitation
changes in Lahore City from 2020 to 2100. Crucial to this analysis is the statistical
downscaling of climatic variables, a key process in enhancing the local accuracy of
GCMs. Statistical models were developed to bridge the gap between GCMs' largescale climate variables and the localized climate data of Lahore. The study
assesses the performance of the Climate Model data for hydrologic modeling(CMhyd) software in downscaling maximum and minimum temperature as well as
precipitation data for Lahore across three GCMs and three scenarios (SSP126,
SSP245, and SSP585). The results showcase a notable improvement in the GCMs'
ability to reproduce Lahore's local climate conditions, particularly in terms oftemperature. While the downscaled precipitation data also exhibited reasonableagreement with observed data, performance varied by GCM and scenario.
Comparing the future projections to the baseline period (1995-2014), the selected
GCMs predict an increase in average monthly rainfall and maximum and minimum
temperatures in highlights an estimated increase in precipitation ranging from
10.4% to 14.2% and temperature variations of 0.51°C to 2.1°C, underscoring thepotential implications of climate change on Lahore City. In summary, this researchunderscores the effectiveness of the CMhyd software in downscaling climate dataat the local level, enhancing the accuracy of GCMs in representing local climate
conditions.

Keywords
Watershed, Global Climate Models, CMhyd, Climate Change, Precipitation
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

46

B

ABSTRACT LIST
THEMATIC AREA : B
Disaster and Climate
Resilience in Coastal,Marine and Deltaic
Systems

DRSD-2023-035

Mitigation of Inundation by Cyclonic
Sea Waves Using Modular Lightweight
Curved Seawall: Case Study at
Caudan Waterfront, Mauritius
Abdel Isker Mudhawo, E.S.M SURESH
Correspondence: amudhawo@udm.ac.mu

Abstract
Mauritius island which is located in the Indian Ocean is frequently visited bycyclonic conditions during the summer period. Cyclones generate storm
surges with amplified sea wave activity on the coastal regions thereby
flooding inhabited areas. Caudan Waterfront, a reclaimed business area inPort-Louis has been the victim of sea wave overtopping during cyclonicconditions. This research project focusses on the design of light weight
modular sea wave deflector to mitigate inundation of Caudan Waterfront. The
methodology includes a site reconnaissance identifying the lowest andhighest tidal level along the existing reinforced concrete wall. Historical data
regarding storm waves and their impacts have been investigated for theregion. The design part consisted of identifying best curved surface for storm
wave deflector from theoretical and practical researches carried out earlier.
Conception of the curved module was elaborated with a description of thematerial, dimension, curvature adopted, floatability, anchorage manualpracticability and its probable life span. The module was designed in AutoCAD
and same was transferred to Autodesk Inventor where simulations and stressanalysis were effected to evaluate the structural resistance to surge forces.
The final design stressed upon the effectiveness of floating seawalls on
vulnerable shore areas so as to counteract storm surges by offering a longterm solution which is aesthetically pleasing as well as functional to alleviate
the impacts of climate change and sea level rise in Mauritius.

Keywords
Sea level rise, Storm surge, Curved floating seawall, Stress analysis

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

48

DRSD-2023-039
Effects of Climate Disasters on Folk Professions
and Adaptation Strategies: A Case Study in the
Sundarban Region of Bangladesh
Md. Bakebillah, Mokbul Morshed Ahmad
Correspondence: st124263@ait.asia

Abstract
Background: Sundarban is one of the largest mangroves in the world which isdeclared as an Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO for its diversity. A large
number of folk communities e.g. Mowal (honey collector), Bawal (wood collector)
and Jele (fisherman) depend on Sundarban forests for their livelihood. However,
due to the effects of climate disasters such as floods, cyclones, navigation, andsalinity their livelihoods are now under threat. Moreover, they are trying to adapt tothe changed situation in different ways.
Objective: This research aims to investigate the effects of climate disasters on
three folk professions i.e. Mowal, Bawal and Jele and their adaptation strategies.
Methods: The study followed the qualitative research method to collect data on theeffects of climate change on the folk professions living on the Sundarbans.
Qualitative data was collected in the selected areas and stakeholders and key
informants interviews (KIIs) were conducted with the experts and three focus group
discussions were organised. The data were analyzed through a thematic analysis.
Results: The results show that climate issues have a major impact on folk
professions. For example, due to salinity fish are changing their habitat, anddecreasing at an alarming rate. Cyclones and floods such as Aila, and Sidr
destroyed a significant portion of the forest and Tigers are attacking people more
due to a shortage of foods. However, they try to adapt to some other professions
like small business, cultivating shrimps and crabs and sometimes going for shortterm works in cities.
Conclusion: The researchers try to explore the effects of climate change on folk
professions and its associated factors. The findings highlight the adaptation
strategies though those are very few compared to their need.

Keywords
Effects, Climate Disasters, Folk Professions, Adaptation, Mangrove forestsSundarban, Bangladesh

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

49

DRSD-2023-076

Invasive Alien Marine Species
in Thailand
Norakamon Thatphithakkul
Correspondence: Norakamon234@gmail.com

Abstract
Thailand is renowned for its diverse marine ecosystems, supporting vibrantcoral reefs, seagrass meadows, and mangrove forests. However, the country is
not immune to the challenges of invasive alien species in marine life. These
non-native organisms, introduced through various human activities, can harmthe environment by outcompeting local species, altering food webs, andmodifying habitat structures. Unfortunately, this issue was not emphasizedmuch compared to other environmental problems.
This qualitative study examines how these alien species were introduced into
Thai waters and how the government responded to regulate or solve theissues, as well as data collection of invasive species that have been introducedin Thailand before. This study was done through the analysis of primarysources of Invasive Alien Marine Species in Thailand, which are reported inmany provinces and by the Department of Fisheries. Although people are
becoming more aware of the impact and threat of invasive species nowadays,
there are still a problem and is harmful to the environment that needs to bequickly resolved so as not to destroy the local ecosystem.
This research emphasizes the cause and impact of invasive alien species inThailand, particularly focusing on marine life and Thai waters, regulations, or
policies enforced by law.

Keywords
Alien Species, Invasive Species, Marine life, Thai Waters, Thai local ecosystem

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

50

DRSD-2023-082

Plastic Leakage Causing Marine
Pollution Issue in Thailand
Thorfan Dechachainimit
Correspondence: D_Torfan@hotmail.com

Abstract
The oceanic sphere is the biggest and most crucial biosphere on earth,sustaining many living organisms, including humans. The sea's quality is also
one indicator of people's well-being and environmental preservation.
Nevertheless, modern society has created much more garbage than before,
leading to the trash being eliminated into the waterway. Marine conservationand protection of marine diversity are usually overlooked, leading to inevitablemarine pollution issues. The primary sources of marine pollution are reported,
including plastic leakage into the ocean. Many countries worldwide haveconsidered marine pollution a significant concern, and Thailand is no
exception. In 2020, the Thailand Development Research Institution reported
that Thailand ranked in the top ten plastic dumpers yearly with more than 1 tonof mishandled waste. The report claimed that almost half of the waste flows
into the sea, and most is plastic, with 12% of the waste being plastic debris and
7% and 8% of plastic bags and plastic bottles, respectively. Thailand has
attempted to resolve the issue by launching several initiatives and a longterm policy for a better marine environment.
This research highlights several causes of marine pollution, particularly plastic
debris, the polluted aquatic situation in Thailand, policies implemented by thegovernment, and the additional policies complementing the existing initiatives.

Keywords
Marine pollution, Plastic leakage in Thailand, Plastic debris, Plastic import,
Micro Plastic

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

51

DRSD-2023-084

Challenges of the Salt Farmers inSouth-Eastern Bangladesh
Mehnaj Tabassum, Mokbul Morshed Ahmad
Correspondence: st124162@ait.asia

Abstract
Cox's Bazar is a district located in southeastern Bangladesh, known for its long
sandy beach along the Bay of Bengal, and is a major tourist destination. It is
the largest salt-producing region in the country. Salt farming is a vital
economic activity in the coastal region of Cox's Bazar, contributing significantly
to the livelihoods of local communities. However, salt farmers in this region
face numerous challenges that hinder their productivity and well-being.
According to some estimates around 70,000 marginal farmers are now
producing salt on some 64,000 acres of land.
This research sets out to highlight the key challenges faced by the salt farmers
in Cox's Bazar, shedding light on the socio-economic and environmental
factors affecting their livelihoods. The challenges of salt farmers in Cox's Bazar
can be categorized into three main areas: environmental vulnerability,
resource scarcity, market and economic challenges. Rising sea levels and theincreasing frequency of cyclones and storms in the region pose a significant
threat to salt farms, leading to saltwater intrusion and land erosion. Climatechange-induced variations in rainfall patterns affect the salt production cycle.
Access to freshwater for washing and cultivating salt pans is limited, leading tocompetition for this valuable resource among the salt farmers. Land tenure
issues and encroachments on salt farming areas further exacerbate thescarcity of suitable land for salt production. Addressing these challenges
requires a multi-pronged approach involving government policies, local
initiatives, and international support. Sustainable salt farming practices,
disaster preparedness, and climate resilience measures are essential toensure the long-term viability of salt farming in Cox's Bazar. Additionally,
improving access to credit, enhancing market linkages, and resolving land
tenure issues are crucial for uplifting the socio-economic conditions of salt
farmers in the region.

Keywords
Salt farmers, Cox’s Bazar, livelihood, market, climate change.

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

52

DRSD-2023-096

Sustainable Solution for Managing
Plankton Bloom in Thailand
Teerabhat Newachuen, Chanokwanun Klangburam
Correspondence: Newachuen.j@gmail.com

Abstract
In recent years, plankton blooms in Thailand's coastal waters have become a major
ecological and economic concern. These unexpected and excessive increases inphytoplankton populations frequently have negative effects on marine ecosystems
and industries, such as the fishing and tourism industries. Beginning with an
overview of plankton blooms, their causes, and the specific challenges they pose for
Thailand's coastal regions, the study proceeds to examine the specific threats
posed by plankton blooms to Thailand's coastal regions. It emphasizes the negative
effects of these blooms, which include oxygen depletion, harmful algal blooms(HABs), and disruptions to the marine food web. To address this issue in a way thatis sustainable, this paper explores a comprehensive framework that integrates
multiple strategies. The proposed strategy relies on four pillars:
1. Implementing advanced monitoring techniques, technology, and data analytics
to detect plankton bloom events in their earliest stages.
2. Developing and enforcing regulations for responsible nutrient management inagriculture and aquaculture to reduce nutrient runoff into coastal waters, theprimary cause of plankton blooms.
3. Integrated Aquaculture and Ecological Restoration: Promoting integrated
aquaculture practices that utilize the natural control of plankton populations.
Investing in coastal restoration projects can also increase biodiversity andreduce nutrient deficiencies.
4. Public Awareness and Education: Increasing public awareness and fosteringcommunity engagement to promote environmentally responsible practices,
reduce pollution, and promote sustainable tourism.
In addition, the abstract emphasizes the significance of government policies,
international collaborations, and research initiatives for the effective
implementation of these strategies. By adopting a holistic and sustainable strategy,
Thailand can still solve plankton bloom and promote tourism in sustainable way.

Keywords
plankton bloom, sustainable, Thailand

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

53

DRSD-2023-107

Health Care Utilization, Financial Burdenand Health Care Copayment Mechanism
for Most Disaster-Affected Areas in theGanges Brahmaputra Delta in Bangladesh
Mohammad Wahid Ahmed, Md. Zahid Hasan, Khadija Islam
Tisha, Halima Akter Prova, Shehrin Shaila Mahmood
Correspondence: wahid.ahmed@icddrb.org

Abstract
Especially, Ganges Brahmaputra Delta in Bangladesh is one of the world's mostvulnerable regions in terms of natural and anthropogenic hazards. United Nations
deployed an agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that includes agoal of taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts (SDG 13).
The environmental impact on health must be considered to ensure healthy lives
and promote well-being for all (SDG 3). The study aims to dig for healthcare
utilization, financial burden and healthcare copayment mechanisms for mostdisaster-affected areas in the Ganges Brahmaputra Delta in Bangladesh.
A cross-sectional study was adopted in this study. Data was collected on the twomost disaster-prone coastal areas, Satkhira and Bagerhat districts. A four-stage
cluster sampling design was adopted and about 1,520 households were required tovisit. A total of 1759 households were interviewed at the end of the data collection.
The illness and symptoms were self-reported. The study shows around 73% ofhousehold members sought outpatient care in the last three months and around
24% of household members sought inpatient care in the last twelve months. Among
inpatients, almost 37% visited sub-district hospitals. We estimate out-of-pocket
expenditure for outpatient care is BDT 1,831. It seems to major cost driver is medicine
BDT 964 (53%). The major coping mechanism of outpatient services is Regularincome (62%). Health-seeking behavior in inpatient care is sought for private
clinics/ hospitals (40%) and Upazila health complexes (37%). We estimated the total
inpatient cost is BDT 11,452, the major cost driver is the medicine cost of BDT 5,317(46%) and diagnostic cost of BDT 2,488 (22%). This study focuses on policymakers tostrengthen health systems in the most disaster porn areas.

Keywords
Health seeking behavior, Out-of-pocket expenditure, copying mechanism,
disaster porn areas, Ganga Brahmaputra Delta

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

54

DRSD-2023-112

Vulnerabilities to Coastal Hazards andClimate Change: A Review of Andhra
Pradesh and Global Perspectives
Ganni S V S Aditya Bharadwaz, Indrajit Pal
Correspondence: st122343@ait.asia

Abstract
Coastal areas worldwide, including Andhra Pradesh, face heightened threats fromclimate change and associated hazards. This review juxtaposes the vulnerabilities
of Andhra Pradesh, a significant coastal region in India, with global scenarios,
emphasizing the role of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in disastermanagement and the novel application of the Prisma framework in advancing thisstudy. Historically, Andhra Pradesh has been a region prone to cyclones, storm
surges, and sea-level rise, which are exacerbated by global climate change
phenomena. As these threats intensify, there is a pressing need to employ
sophisticated tools to understand, predict, and mitigate potential impacts. GIS
emerges as a crucial player, offering spatial data visualization, real-time tracking,and predictive modeling. This aids disaster management by facilitating risk
assessments, mapping vulnerable populations, establishing evacuation routes, andplanning post-disaster recovery.
Incorporating the Prisma framework, primarily known for its prowess in the realm of
database toolkits, this review breaks new ground. Prisma’s ability to facilitate
seamless data querying and management is married to GIS, enhancing theefficacy of disaster data handling. The integration ensures efficient real-time
updates, a paramount feature during rapid-onset disasters, and ensuresconsistent, accurate data flow, optimizing decision-making processes. Global
perspectives, while varied in specifics, echo similar concerns as Andhra Pradesh.
Rising sea levels, changing precipitation patterns, and increasing cyclonic activities
threaten the very fabric of coastal societies. The confluence of GIS and the Prisma
framework offers a promising avenue not only for Andhra Pradesh but for coastal
regions worldwide. In conclusion, this review underscores the symbiotic relationshipbetween GIS and the Prisma framework in addressing the vulnerabilities of coastal
regions, promoting a holistic approach to disaster management that is bothinnovative and robust.

Keywords
Andhra Pradesh, Coastal Vulnerability, Climate Change, Hazards, Policies

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

55

DRSD-2023-121

Sustainable Management inOffshore Sand Mining: A Coastal
Ecosystem Analysis and Control
Model for Tunda Island
Wawan Wahyudi
Correspondence: wwnwhd@gmail.com

Abstract
Sustainability theory emphasizes the balance between fulfilling current humanneeds and preserving resources for future generations. This theory plays a pivotal
role in offshore sand mining due to its potential negative impacts on theenvironment, society, and the economy. Integrating sustainability principles into
offshore sand mining management is crucial to maintaining the availability ofnatural resources. This research aims to analyze the repercussions of offshore sandmining on coastal and marine ecosystems and create a control model for thepractice. The methodology involves an impact analysis of offshore sand mining,utilizing data on coral reef conditions near the mining site, Total Suspended Solids(TSS) distribution, changes in Tunda Island's coastline, computation of the water
fertility index through MIKE 21's ecological module, and system dynamics modelingusing PowerSim 10. The findings reveal relatively healthy coral reefs around themining location, with coral coverage percentages of 66.00% to the west, 39.67% tothe east, and 28.15% to the south of Tunda Island. Ecosystem services on Tunda
Island generally receive high ratings, with trophic index (TRIX) of 4-5. However, TSS
levels are relatively high, ranging from 60 to 80 mg/L. MIKE 21 modeling confirms thestability of Tunda Island's coastline, but disparities in sediment transport between
its northern and southern sections should be acknowledged. The dynamic model
generated offers recommendations for the local government to oversee sandmining by regulating mining permits, including limits on the number of companies
and offshore sand volumes. Additionally, promoting tourism development on Tunda
Island, particularly emphasizing ecotourism, aligns with ongoing discussions about
conservation areas in its waters. To support this endeavor, providing training andenhancing the competence of small and medium-sized enterprises that bolster
tourism, such as accommodation, culinary, transportation, and tour guides, isparamount.

Keywords
Sustainability, Dynamic Modelling, Policy, Sea Sand Mining, Tunda Island
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

56

DRSD-2023-135

Modeling of Potential Tsunami Hazards
and Efforts to Increase Community
Capacity in the Trisik Coastal Area,
Kulon Progo Regency, Indonesia
Romza Fauzan Agniy, Yusuf Amri, Rakhmat Dwi Putra
Correspondence: romza.fauzan.a@mail.ugm.ac.id

Abstract
Trisik coastal area has a strategic location so that it supports the local
community's economy with the presence of shrimp ponds, fish auctions andtourism. Trisik coastal area is also has the largest turtle conservation area inKulon Progo, pine and mangrove conservation, and the estuary of the Progo
River. Modeling tsunami-prone areas in the Trisik coastal area is an important
step in improving community safety and preparedness against the threat oftsunami. With this modeling, tsunami hazards can be better understood, early
warning systems can be further developed, and more effective risk reductionplans can be planned through both structural and non-structural mitigation. In
addition, modeling also helps increase public understanding of the dangers oftsunamis and the actions that must be taken in emergency situations. The
modeling results are critical in designing preventive measures, appropriate
evacuation plans and improving disaster preparedness in the region, which
can save lives and reduce damage from future tsunamis. Increasing
community capacity was carried out through in-depth interviews withinformants that selected by snowball sampling technique.

Keywords
Trisik, coastal area, tsunami, modeling, community capacity

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

57

DRSD-2023-136

Nature Based Approach andCommunity Resilience in Khaolak,
Phang-nga
Ratchaneekorn Thongthip, Indrajit Pal
Correspondence: st124020@ait.asia

Abstract
This study focuses on Nature Based Approach and Community Resilience in
Khaolak, located in Phang-nga province along the coastline of the Andaman Sea,
Thailand. This region is renowned as a significant tourist destination of global
significance. A multitude of tourists arrive annually. There is a diversity of coastal
communities.
This study used observation, interviews, and action research to answer two main
research topics: community vulnerability and Green Infrastructure.
The results of the study found that Khaolak is characterized by the fragility of thecommunity, with two main population groups: the local population and tourists.
Both population groups are vulnerable in terms of disaster preparedness. And the
majority of the tourist population tends to travel as a family, with a large number of
elderly people and young children. There is also a lack of infrastructuredevelopment, especially Green Infrastructure that can create sustainability forcommunities and reduce risks and vulnerabilities of communities.
The government and local authorities also have limited involvement in reducing
community vulnerability and disaster preparedness. In addition, the local authority's
ability to manage disasters and mitigate impacts is at a level that requires
enhancement.

Keywords
Nature Based Approach, Community Resilience, Green Infrastructure

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

58

DRSD-2023-139

Simulation of Carbon in a
Mangrove-Shrimp System in
the Mekong Delta
Linh Nguyen, Tanh T.N. Nguyen, Chau Ngoc Tran
Correspondence: tnchauvn@gmail.com

Abstract
Mangrove-shrimp system can make local income but may cause ecological.
This study in two systems with the same feeding, water treatment, and farming
practices, but different set-ups of mangrove-water surface area wasconducted. The research site is in the Mekong Delta. We sampled fallen leaves
using 1m x 1m net with 1mm x 1mm grid size. The sampling frequency wasmonthly. Carbon concentration in samples then was analyzed in lab. We
create a model to simulate carbon using Stella tool. Initial results showed thatcarbon flow in the system which can be useful for better management of thesystem.

Keywords
carbon cycle, shrimp-forest system, Stella tool, Kien Giang province

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

59

DRSD-2023-140

Assessment of Habitat Risks
in Mangrove Areas in the
Mekong Delta
Chau Ngoc Tran, TS. Tanh T.N. Nguyen, Thang Mai, Linh Nguyen
Correspondence: tnchauvn@gmail.com

Abstract
Mangrove in Vietnam has been significantly reduced. Climate change effects
have caused mangrove increasingly degraded. Thus, this study was
conducted to reveal habitat risks regarding Delta changes. We conducted asurvey to dispose mangrove degradation, interviewed local experts todetermine and assess the risks. In this stidy, the Habitat Risk Assessment
module (InVEST model) was applied for Soc Trang, Kien Giang, and Ca Mau
provinces in the Mekong Delta. Simulation results showed potential risks. It was
found that all Ca Mau and Soc Trang were at low risk level while Kien Giang
was mostly that level (99.11%). Particularly, coastal erosion was considered the
medium risk for Kien Giang. These intial results can inform mangrove
managers to make decisions for effective management.

Keywords
Mangrove forest, InVEST model, habitat risk, Soc Trang, Ca Mau, Kien Giang

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

60

DRSD-2023-141

Assessment of Habitat
Quality in Mangrove Areas in
the Mekong Delta
Thang Mai, Tanh T.N. Nguyen, Chau Ngoc Tran, Lan Nguyen
Correspondence: maiquocthangt@gmail.com

Abstract
The Mekong Delta remains mangrove with valuable ecosystems, which
mangrove is an ecological asset. To reveal and assess mangrove quality, thisstudy used GIS tools and the InVest model for Soc Trang, Ca Mau, and Kien
Giang in the Mekong Delta. We interviewed local people and applied the modelfor the assessment. Results reported affected mangrove areas of 112.43, 107.24,
and 733,46 km2 for Kien Giang, Ca Mau, and in Soc Trang, respectively. In
overall, the quality score in Soc Trang, Kien Giang, and Ca Mau was 0.99968,
0.9948, and 0.99933, respectively. The study outcome indicates goodmangrove quality in the study areas, which can be informed for decisions.

Keywords
Mangrove forest, InVEST model, habitat quality, Soc Trang, Ca Mau, Kien
Giang province

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

61

DRSD-2023-142

Applying a Soft System
Methodology to Seek Solutionsfor Maintaining AquacultureMangrove System
Lan Xuan Nguyen, Tanh T.N. Nguyen
Correspondence: xuan.lan82@gmail.com

Abstract
Aquaculture-mangrove system (AMS) activities can bring economic returns
and protect mangrove in a varying climate. However, maintaing the system isdiffilcult due to its involvement of various stakeholders. We applied a soft
system methodology (SSM) to reveal perceptions, determine the problems, key
stakeholders, and propose feasible solutions for improving AMS in An Minh
District, Kien Giang province, Vietnam as a case study. Results showed current
management challenges of MAS on water pollution and low yield of
aquaculture. We found key decisioners including local forest department (FD)and farmers. Results suggested practical solutions for the improvement
including administration, water control, yield maintenance, and infrastructure
investment.

Keywords
SSM, mangrove, stakeholders, Mekong Delta, systemization, system

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

62

DRSD-2023-147

Urban Flood Impacts of Delta
Socio-Ecological Systems: A
Case Study on Slum Populationsin Dhaka, Bangladesh
Md. Mahfuz Hossain, Indrajit Pal, Anirban Mukhopadhyay
Correspondence: st122044@ait.asia

Abstract
In this study, we have analyzed the impacts of urban folding on the Socioecological Systems of slum populations of Dhaka city. We also try to find out
concurrent health vulnerability due to urban floods for the slum population.
Slum socio-ecological systems (SES) are highly vulnerable in Bangladesh to
climate-induced hazards. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is located at a low
altitude in the GBM Delta. Urban flooding and waterlogging are common
features in rapidly urbanizing Dhaka and its surrounding areas. The Slums of
Dhaka are now facing a threat from recurrent flooding and prolonged water
logging. This is followed by several health hazards, which have become adominant issue in these highly populated areas. We have analyzed decadal
flooding in Dhaka city and found out the indicators of health vulnerability. The
results show that in-migration from rural areas is increasing the threats tohealth hazards from urban flooding in the slum areas. Urban floods cause
injuries, deaths, and waterborne, vector-borne, rodent-borne, helminth,cutaneous, and gastrointestinal diseases. Two-thirds of flood-related deaths
are drowning, with the rest from physical injuries, heart attacks, andelectrocution. The work suggests that the development of a better drainage
plan as well as a cost-effective health-resilient strategy may mitigate themorbidity and mortality for the urban poor associated with flooding.

Keywords
Socio-ecological system (SES), Slum, urban flood, and health impact.

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

63

DRSD-2023-148

Landscape Ecological Dynamics
in the Era of Changing Climate in
the GBM Delta
Anirban Mukhopadhyay, Indrajit Pal, Niloy Pramanick, Ayush
Baskota, Subha Chakraborty , Subhajit Ghosh
Correspondence: anirban@ait.asia

Abstract
GBM delta is one of the most densely populated places on the earth, andanthropogenic activities have significantly altered land use in the past
decades. On top of that, recurring climatic disasters in the form of tropical
cyclones and flooding have negatively altered the lives and livelihoods of the
population. As the Bay of Bengal is a hotspot for tropical cyclones andscientific studies, prove that the occurrences and intensity of natural hazards
are going to exacerbate in future, addressing landscape ecological dynamics
is crucial for environmental management. Therefore, this study aims toobserve the alterations of LULC dynamics in the GBM delta over 30 years (19902020) using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS).
Landsat TM and OLI data will be used to detect the anthropogenic changes in
the land use pattern for the last three decades, and climatic effects will be
documented by assessing the impacts of tropical cyclones and floods in the
GBM delta. Land use change will be identified through Landsat datasets using
grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) as feature selection, and the Support
Vector Machine (SVM) will be implemented as a classifying algorithm. The
impact of climatic disasters will be assessed by calculating rainfall andtemperature anomalies and evaluating flooded areas in the coastal region.
The flood assessment will be carried out using Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture
Radar (SAR) data, and the climatic anomaly will be detected using TRMM,PERSIANN and MODIS datasets. The transformation of land use classes will
provide a deep perception of the interests of local people and their livelihood
operations, which will be crucial for developing governmental policies for
mitigating climatic disasters in the GBM delta.

Keywords
GBM Delta, Land Cover, Resilience, vulnerability

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

64

DRSD-2023-150
Coastal-Marine Traffic Impact Area
Assessment Using Night Light Data and Spatial
Analysis – Implications for CMSP and DRR
Md. Zakir Hossain, Venkata Anantha Kiran Kona, Md. Anishur Rahman
Correspondence: zakir@ait.ac.th

Abstract
With globalization, world maritime trade has exhibited rapid development, andparallelly the fleet of merchant vessels have led to high marine traffic in the busiest
waterways. This rapid growth of vessels movement leads to risks and threats for thecoastal and marine ecosystems including increasing water pollution, oil spills,
abnormal human activity, foreign body intrusion, etc. High marine traffic has also
resulted in different types of accidents such as collisions, grounding, fire, anddrifting. Likewise, the important coastal ecosystems which acts as naturalbarriers/protectors for the coastal and marine regions are in danger due toconstant marine activities including maritime transportation. Monitoring andregulation of these activities could surely play a crucial role in the development ofcoastal and marine spatial planning (CMSP) as well as disaster risk reduction (DRR).
Using the remotely sensed Night Light Data from Earth Observation Group (EOG)’s
Visible and Infrared Imaging Suite (VIIRS), the presence of the vessels at the time ofdata being collected can be determined. Utilizing the remote sensing and GIS
techniques, models for better accurate monitoring can be obtained and informed
decision-making can be generated by employing spatial analysis. In this
exploration study, using the EOG’s VIIRS datasets within the study period, the marine
traffic-impacted areas have been identified and classified along the coastal areasof Thailand. The study was performed by applying spatial analysis techniques withtemporal variability. The results reflected the frequency of disturbances in terms ofvessel movement and human-activity in the study area. It provides anunderstanding of the impact-prone regions in the coastal and marine areas byoverlaying it on different ecosystems. From this exploration study, the major areas
required to be protected and suitable areas for marine activities can be classified
by applying the Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning (CMSP) approaches. This
study could help the policymakers on disaster risk reduction and for better
decision-making in risk management due to high marine traffic.

Keywords
Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning (CMSP), Marine Traffic, Night Light Data,
Coastal Ecosystems, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

65

DRSD-2023-155
Enhancing Delta Sustainability: An In-Depth
Assessment of a Climate-Inclusive
Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for
Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100
Niladri Gupta, Hugh Milner, Adil Hassan, Senaka Basnayake,
Saswata Sanyal, Irfan Maqbool
Correspondence: niladri.gupta@adpc.net

Abstract
Bangladesh faces numerous climate change impacts, including natural disasters,
water and environmental challenges, demographic and socio-economic
vulnerabilities, and transboundary resource management issues. The country lies in
the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta, which is the largest dynamic delta on
earth and the habitat of more than 160 million people. Over time, climate change
threats have become an acute concern for the nation. The governing challenges
are temperature rise, erratic rainfall patterns, droughts, frequent flooding,destructive morphological changes and river erosion, sea-level rise (SLR) andsalinity intrusion, cyclones and storm surges, etc. Multiplied by unprecedented
development factors, the consequences are now visible at an alarming scale, andthe communities are becoming more frequently exposed to severe natural hazards.
The government of Bangladesh formulated the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 toeffectively address the above issues and ensure sustainable and climate-resilient
development, primarily in the delta regions of the country. As part of a regional
effort to support the country’s adaptation pathways to climate change, an in-depth
analysis of the Monitoring and Evaluation Framework of the Plan was carried out
and inclusion of regional climate change indicators to monitor external conditions
as well as to fully reflect the monitoring, needed to track progress towards theoverall objectives of BDP 2100 and its specific goals were recommended. Some
additional indicators taken from the World Bank’s Country Partnership Frameworkand the SDG Global Indicator framework have been suggested for each specificgoal of the BDP 2100. The additional indicators will make the plan adaptive andflexible to the impacts of climate change and human interventions and also help toinclude climate adaptation and resilience solutions in the planning andimplementation process.

Keywords
BDP2100, climate resilience, M&E, adaptive planning, delta management

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

66

DRSD-2023-165

Estimating Loss and Damage by Cyclone
Amphan in Highest Risk Prone Coastal
District of West Bengal, India, Using
Sustainable Livelihood Approach
Devdyuti Bose, Trupti Mishra
Correspondence: basudevdyuti92@gmail.com

Abstract
Under changing climate, disaster losses are increasing with increasing intensity andfrequency of disasters. Although many mitigation and adaptation responses exist
for disaster management, there are some residual impacts which arise frominsufficient mitigation and inadequate adaptation, known as loss and damage(Geest & Warner, 2020). Literature has separately estimated “loss” and “damage”,
on capital assets, or quantified “loss and damage” by familiar methodologies.
Understanding its relevance through lens of livelihood vulnerability and normal
climate variability, this study aims to quantify residual “loss and damage” by 2020
super-cyclone Amphan, by a survey of total 200 households in three randomly
selected villages in two highest vulnerable Community Development blocks inSouth Twenty-Four Parganas, the highest risk-prone coastal districts of West Bengal
in India by adopting Sustainable Livelihoods Approach. A cross-sectional model,
adopted in this study includes individual and community-specific explanatory
variables, along with disaster dummy and compounding risk of Covid-19 pandemic.
This study provides estimates of first-order and second-order loss and damage oneach of the capital assets (human, physical, social, economic, and natural), fordifferent category of damage levels. For high damage, the likelihood of second
order loss and damage is found to be lower than first-order loss and damage, forhuman and natural capital. The likelihood of first-order loss and damage on
physical capital is more than the second order, whereas it is greater than first orderon economic capital, and social capital. These estimates identify the drivers of loss
and damage on each capital assets, thereby assisting local level governance toidentify potential room(s) for disaster recovery interventions, bringing further
relevance in context of SDGs.

Keywords
loss and damage, disasters, capital assets, coastal areas, Sustainable
Livelihood approach

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

67

DRSD-2023-168
From Risk to Resilience: A Community
Based Resilience Against Coastal Hazard,
Case Study in Tourism Village, Kuta
Central Lombok
Heni Marta Diana Matita Putti, Osmar Shalih
Correspondence: henimartadiana@gmail.com

Abstract
Historical records show that Lombok suffered significant damage caused by atsunami triggered by geological activity in 1977. The village of Kuta, located insouthern Lombok, is facing a high risk of earthquakes and tsunamis. Therefore, it isimperative to establish a tsunami mitigation plan. Policymakers need tocomprehend potential locations for devastating tsunamis, as well as theirmagnitude, frequency, and historical occurrence. This data can assist informulating evacuation plans for tsunamis, determining locations for emergency
facilities, and making decisions about coastal development. The Indo-Australiansubduction in the Central Lombok Regency is a potential source of tsunamis. Basedon a simulation using an earthquake magnitude of 8.5 Mw, the estimatedmaximum height of the tsunami in Kuta Village is 24 metres. The estimated arrival
time is 21 minutes. The findings of the tsunami hazard and vulnerability surveys
conducted in Kuta Village suggest that about 10,007 people might be affected by atsunami. The Household Preparedness Survey, however, indicates low scores inknowledge, early warning, emergency response plans, and resource mobilisation.
An analysis of evacuation requirements further underscores the need to improve
supporting infrastructure, which is vital for a streamlined community evacuation
process. The mitigation scheme in Kuta Village should prioritize enhancing both
structural and non-structural aspects in the area. Structural measures should
involve cooperation between local communities and district authorities to maintaincoastal vegetation. The non-structural approach to mitigation includes
implementing tsunami mitigation measures into the village development plan,
enhancing community capacity, and strengthening local government, as well as
utilizing a community-based early warning system. To enhance community
capacity, the development of self-evacuation plans and the establishment ofdisaster-resilient tourism villages would be beneficial. Additionally, promoting
disaster-resilient families and increasing awareness of tsunamis through locallysourced knowledge would be advantageous.

Keywords
Tsunami, Coastal Hazards, Evacuation Plan, Mitigation plan, Community Resilience
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

68

DRSD-2023-175

Amplifying the Voices of theCommunity: Strengthening
Resilience in the Sundarbans Delta
Jyoti Prakash Hati, Anirban Mukhopadhyay, Indrajit Pal,
Niloy Pramanick, Manas Sanyal
Correspondence: jyotiprakashhati@gmail.com

Abstract
Deltas are facing significant threats from climate change, rising sea levels, theadoption of industrial farming practices, and the presence of pollution. The lives
and livelihoods of the people in the Sundarbans are constantly jeopardized byrecurring climate-related disasters. This study aims to determine the optimal
approach for promoting resilience and creating a society that is environmentallyand socially sustainable. Conducting household surveys is a crucial approach foruncovering potential risks to the local socioeconomic status (SES) arising fromvarious factors in the region, including its physical, social, and economic elements.
Therefore, the primary objective of this survey was to evaluate the susceptibility oflife and livelihood in the Sundarbans. In 2022, this cross-sectional investigation was
carried out by the Living Delta Research Hub to gain a comprehensive
understanding of the current state of the Sundarbans Delta. A semi-structured
questionnaire was used to gather data from more than 1200 adult respondents who
were chosen using a cluster sampling technique in four blocks according todifferent selection criteria. In the Indian portion of the Sundarbans, four Community
Development Blocks have been chosen: Sagar Island, Sandeshkhali-I, Gosaba, andHingalganj. The fundamental goal of the criteria-based site selection is thevulnerability to coastal erosion, cyclonic storm surges, and floods, which can cause
the recurrent loss of fertile agricultural land, the salinization of agriculture, thedestruction of homes and businesses, and the upheaval of entire communities. We
prioritise youthful futures, biodiversity, coastal resilience, and intergenerational
learning to accomplish our objective. Our results suggest that the Sundarbans must
implement delta-specific sustainable management practises and planning to
reduce vulnerability and risk, which are directly related to alternative livelihood
perspectives that are risk-responsive and adaptive.

Keywords
Sundarbans, Living Delta, Household Survey, Resilience

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

69

DRSD-2023-176

Stories of Hope: Co-Developing Youth-Led
Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster
Risk Reduction for Local Communities in
the Red River Catchment, North of Vietnam
Thu Thi Vo, Hue Le, Lisa Jones, Anh Nguyen, Florence Halstead, Katie J
Parsons, Alison Lloyd Williams, Christopher Hackney and Daniel Parsons
Correspondence: vothu.mt87@gmail.com

Abstract
Increasing frequency and magnitude of disaster risks linked to climate change
has placed the Red River Catchment of Vietnam at the front-line of climate
emergency. While the upper basin is severely impacted by the hydrologicalextremes, landslides and soil erosion, the delta region is dealing with flooding
caused by relative sea level rises. The government, policy makers and local
people of Vietnam are facing challenges related to disasters and climatechange. Understanding how communities are adapting to climate change isan essential step towards building community-led preparedness andresilience.
Findings are presented of a research project entitled Youth-led adaptation forclimate change challenges in Vietnam: social action, inter-generational andinter-cultural learning. This paper shows that youth play the key role in coproducing understanding of the historical and contemporary impacts ofdisaster risk and climate change, and at the same time strengthening local
and societal resilience through an innovative partnership approach,intergenerational and cross-/intercultural forms of collaborative learning. The
project resulted in innovative forms of knowledge exchange rooted in thesediverse ways of knowing, through the creation of culturally-specific forms ofaffective and aesthetic expression. Intergenerational stories of adaptation in
the Red River Catchment offer hope - not just challenges that the communities
we have worked with have overcome.

Keywords
climate change, indigenous knowledge, inter-generation, inter-culture, youth

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

70

DRSD-2023-179

Livelihood Strategies for Sustainability
in Different Socio-Ecological Systems
in Coastal Bangladesh
Md. Masud Rana, Mashfiqus Salehin, Ahmed IshtiaqueAmin Chowdhury, Sara Nowreen
Correspondence: masud.raj82@gmail.com

Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify livelihood strategies and their determinants
among the people who are living in different socio-ecological systems (SESs) likethe Sundarbans, South-Central, and TRM of coastal Bangladesh. A cross-sectional
study was conducted in September 2022 and August 2023. Data were collected witha structured questionnaire from 1741 adult respondents selected using a multistage
random sampling technique. Descriptive analysis, the Chi-square and Fisher exact
tests, were utilized in this study. SPSS (IBM, Version 29) was used for data analysis.
95% confidence interval and p<0.005 were accepted for statistical significance. This
study established that secondary livelihood predominated in the south-central andSundarbans; however, tertiary livelihoods were observed in the Sundarbans socioecological systems (SES) owing to different natural disasters influencing them. So,
the primary and secondary livelihoods are disabled to maintain their unmet needs.
According to the survey, in the Sundarbans, fishing and service/business were themost common primary livelihoods. Agriculture and firm work, on the other hand,were dominant as secondary livelihoods, while Sundarbans dependent livelihoods
were dominant as tertiary livelihoods in the Sundarbans SES. In the south-central
SES agriculture, service/business, and wage labour were also found to be the mostcommon primary and secondary sources of income. Agriculture and firm labour, on
the other hand, predominated as tertiary livelihoods for sustaining their lives andpace their economic growth. In the TRM SES, agriculture, service/business, andwage labour were determined to be the most prevalent main and secondary
sources of income. agriculture, service/business, and wage labour predominatedas tertiary livelihoods to preserve their lives and accelerate their pecuniary growth.
This study revealed that livelihood patterns in the south-central and Sundarbans
are changing due to various types of natural and biochemical disasters that
occurred over the last fifty years. This study found that the Sundarbans were mostly
vulnerable to SES in Bangladesh. It is very concerning for livelihood sustainability in
Bangladesh.

Keywords
Livelihood Strategies, Sustainability, Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, Bangladesh
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

71

DRSD-2023-180

Assessing Risk and Avoiding
Negative Tipping Points in the Red
River Delta Coastal Areas
Ly Bui, Hue Le, Quynh Anh Nguyen, Vo Son, Hue Ha, Emilie
Cremin, Cai Ladd, Fabrice Renaud
Correspondence: lybuiha@vnu.edu.vn

Abstract
The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of risks in
the Red River Delta and their impacts on local livelihoods in the context ofprivatization of the mangrove and mangrove-related resources in the area.
The impact chain concept (Emilie et al, 2023) was employed to understandhow multiple hazards and privatization that have affected social andecological susceptibility as well as ecological robustness, coping capacities
and adaptive strategies that help decrease vulnerability or supports resilienceof the Red River Delta's SES. The study also explores policy remedies to help
avoid negative tipping points in the delta in the future.

Keywords
Risk, tipping points, Red River Delta, impact chain, hazard, privatization,
mangrove forests

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

72

DRSD-2023-186

A Review of Disaster Risk Reduction
and Climate Change Adaptation
Strategies in GBM Delta
Communities in India
Ayush Baskota, Indrajit Pal, Anirban Mukhopadhyay
Correspondence: ayush@ait.asia

Abstract
The Ganga Brahmaputra Meghna (GBM) Delta region shared by India and
Bangladesh is one of the largest delta socio-ecological systems in the world,and home to more than 280 million people, and critical flora and fauna
species, including the Sundarbans Mangrove forests. It is also one of the mostvulnerable regions, exposed to tremendous natural and anthropogenic
stressors that have altered the ecological systems and impacted local
communities. Changes in hydrological cycles, intrusion of salt-water into
agricultural and aquacultural areas, depletion of natural resources and loss of
productivity have significantly impacted livelihoods in the delta communities.
Through systematic literature review, this paper delves into the existingdisaster risk mitigation and climate change adaptation strategies
implemented in the GBM delta region in India to reduce the impacts of natural
hazards, environmental degradation and climate change on the local socioecological system. The paper identifies and categorizes these strategies into
type of intervention (structural or non-structural; green, gray or hybrid), phaseof risk management, level of governance (application) and implication oncommunity capitals. Similarly, information generated through field discussions
and key informant interviews are used to discuss the effectiveness of thesestrategies, and provide recommendations for future actions.

Keywords
GBM, Delta, Risk Reduction, Climate Change, Adaptation, Mitigation

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium73

DRSD-2023-189

Development Dilemma with Coastal
Protection: Experiences fromSouthwest Coastal Zone of Bangladesh
Mashfiqus Salehin, Anisul Haque, Shah Alam Jhan
Correspondence: msalehin1968@gmail.com

Abstract
The coastal social-ecological system (SES) of Bangladesh is struggling to cope withrecurrent cyclonic disasters, while climate change is looming to amplify the hugeinfrastructural damage and adverse impact on the life and livelihood.
Embankments are the major infrastructure implemented around polders to protect
the tidal floodplain from the highest spring tidal flood. Strengthening ofembankments has received priority in important plan and policy documents, withincreasing the height of polder embankments considered currently for major
infrastructural investment for protection of southwest coastal area from cyclonicstorm surges. We investigate coastal embankment reliability in protecting tidal
floodplains from cyclonic storm surge analyzing data derived from secondary
sources and primary field measurements and/or observations and conductinghydrodynamic simulation of storm surges for important cyclones in the last 20
years that hit the greater southwest coastal zone, under different scenarios
constructed around embankment heights, and sea level rise. Our research showsthat coastal embankments, if kept at design heights and are properly maintained,
would protect tidal floodplains inside the polders against moderate to big cyclonicstorm surges, even in plausible sea level rise scenarios. Cyclone and storm surge
induced damages to embankment and subsequent inundation inside polders are
predominantly linked to structural weakness and lowered height of embankments.
This results from faulty repair and lack of maintenance of embankments. This posesa development dilemma for coastal protection, as our study suggests greater
investment needs in strengthening of embankments and regular maintenance, as
opposed to the big spending plan of wide scale raising of embankment height. The
findings allow synthesis of trade-offs between investment choices and the need forcorresponding shifts in priority for budgetary allocations at the national level andimplementation needs for interventions at the field level, subsequent maintenanceof the infrastructure system following a well-founded system of asset
management.

Keywords
Coastal protection; Cyclonic disaster; Investment prioritization; Infrastructural
strengthening
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

74

DRSD-2023-190

Mainstreaming CCA And DRR Into the
Coastal and Marine Neighbourhood
Development Planning Process
Mario R. Delos Reyes
Correspondence: mrdelosreyes@up.edu.phAbstract
The Philippines ranked first in the list of 193 nations on the Global Risk Index as
the most affected country in 2022. In terms of extreme weather events, thecountry will most likely be remembered by Super Typhoon Yolanda (Int’l name:Haiyan), which struck in November 2013. Recent events demonstrate theincreasing magnitude and frequency of climate-related disaster events in thenation. In July 2023, Super Typhoon Egay (Int’l name: Doksuri) wreaked havoc inthe country. This devastating weather event caused precious lives andsubstantial damage to key sectors of the economy. Learning from pastexperiences and continually confronting typhoons and floods, communities
need to be prepared for such occurrences, especially among informal settler
neighbourhoods that live in disaster-prone areas. Planners, policymakers andpractitioners working on CCA and DRR should benefit from the experiences andknowledge amassed by the community in dealing with extreme weather
events and recurrent hydrometeorological hazards. Utilizing CCA and DRR tools
developed for existing risks is one such opportunity. The VA tool presented inthis paper is only a selection of those used by the CCA and DRR community.
This was particularly conducted in the coastal and marine neighbourhood
development planning process. It was found to be more pragmatic toformulate a simpler tool that can immediately be adopted andoperationalized by neighbourhood planners in the mainstreaming of CCA andDRR in neighbourhood development plans.

Keywords
Mainstreaming, CCA and DRR, Coastal and Marine, Neighbourhood
Development Planning, VA Tool

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

75

DRSD-2023-200

Structural and Natural Based Solution
in Beach Community Perceptions
Abdul Hakam, Bayu M Adji, Shafira R Hape, Oscar F Nur, Junaidi
Correspondence: abdulhakam2008@gmail.com

Abstract
Coastal protection is an urgent issue related to the impact of climate change
and prolonged human activity, especially around beaches. Beaches aroundthe world face serious threats such as erosion, seawater intrusion, flooding anddamage to coastal ecosystems. Solutions for coastal protection must be
determined so that they are effective in protecting as well as ecologically,socially and economically acceptable. This ensures that human activities suchas beach development, recreation and fishing remain sustainable as long as
do not cause a decline in coastal quality. Technically, conventional solutions
such as embankments, concrete structures and drainage canals have beenused to protect beaches. However, these solutions often do not provide
optimal results in the long term. They may accelerate coastal erosion in otherlocations, destroy coastal ecosystems, and cannot adapt to the environment.
Other nature-based solutions for coastal protection have attracted attention
as allegedly more sustainable alternatives. This approach includes the use ofcoastal vegetation, the formation of natural structures such as mangrove
forests, coral reefs, and trying to create natural sand beaches. Nature-based
solutions can provide long-term protective benefits, reduce negative impacts
on the environment, and promote coastal sustainability. Although naturebased solutions are promising, research to understand their potential,
limitations, and effectiveness, is in different contexts. This research aims tocontribute to the development of sustainable coastal protection strategies.
This research is useful for finding new insights, recommendations andunderstanding that can be used in coastal protection that is accepted by thecommunity. The perception of beach users towards beach protection
indirectly influences acceptance, participation and adoption of thesesolutions.

Keywords
beach protection, natural based, structural solution, beach community,
perception

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

76

DRSD-2023-202

Risk Analysis in Post-Disaster HealthManagement Failure in Padang City
Bayu Martanto Adji, Taufika Ophiyandri, Bambang Istijono, Ade Suzana,
Masrilayanti, Benny Hidayat, Suhana Koting, Wenny Hendiarti
Correspondence: ophiyandri@eng.unand.ac.id

Abstract
Post-disaster health management in Padang involves essential steps, which
include the recovery of health service units, emergency medical teams,
medical aid, evacuation centers, public health surveillance, and collaboration
with international health organizations. Cooperation between the government,
health organizations, and the community is very important. It is hoped thatthese efforts can restore the health of the Padang community after a disaster.
This study examines the risk opportunities for obstruction/failure in handlingpost-disaster health management. Data was collected through interview from15 respondents using the purposive sampling method. The interviews assessed
the potential for failure in each risk event using a 5-point Likert scale. The data
was analysed using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). This study found six risk events
that can affect the failure process in handling Health post-disaster in Padangcity: Operational and Coordination, Human Resources, Affected Areas,
Logistics, Communication and Information/Communication, and security.
Respectively, the probability of each risk event is 0.25, 0.15, 0.2, 0.05, 0.3, and0.05. It can be seen that the risk event that causes failure in health handling is
information/communication. This information/communication is related to
information about affected areas, the number of victims, logistics needs, andaccess to affected areas.. Therefore, anticipation has been made in the
distribution and storage of Health logistics. In Risk Event Operational andCoordination, the sub-risk event affects operational standards (0.45) andcoordination (0.55). The opportunity for sub-risk event coordination becomeslarger because this post-disaster health handling involves various relatedparties. Risk event Human resources are influenced by Medical Personnel(0.55) and Volunteers (0.45). Risk Event Logistics is influenced by sub-risk event
supplies (0.25), distribution (0.30), infrastructure (0.25), and transportation
facilities (0.20).

Keywords
Risk Analysis, Health Management, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), Risk event
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

77

DRSD-2023-203

Risk Analysis of Post-Disaster
Logistics Transportation System in
the City of Padang
Bambang Istijono, Bayu Martanto Adji, Ir. Uyung Gatot Syafrawi
Dinata, Abdul Hakam, Taufika Ophiyandri, Masrilayanti, Suhana
Koting, Wenny Hendiarti
Correspondence: bayu@eng.unand.ac.id

Abstract
Post-disaster logistics transportation is crucial in delivering essential goods toaffected areas. It involves transporting and distributing food, medicine, cleanwater, tents, and other necessary supplies to disaster victims. Rapid
assessment and detailed planning are critical factors in the logistics process.
Access to adequate transportation means such as trucks, cars, helicopters, or
ships is crucial. Coordinating routes, ensuring safe and efficient delivery, andprioritizing urgent needs are vital for post-disaster logistics transportation. By
efficiently managing logistics, we can support affected communities' recovery
and aid process. This study conducts a risk assessment of Padang's postdisaster logistics transportation system. The data collection method used is
Purposive sampling. The method is a sampling technique by giving selfassessment to the sample among the selected population. A sample of 30
respondents
consideredknowledgeableinpost-disaster
logistics
transportation in Padang was taken. In assessing each risk event's Severity,
Occurrence, and detection using a 1-5 Likert scale. The risk events studied are
Reliability and Transport Capacity (3.57;4.02;3.67), Coordination and
Collaboration (3.90; 3,36; 3,78), Security (3.24;2.97;3.66), Route andInfrastructure
Effectiveness(3.98;4.11;3.77),
Logistics
andInventory
Management (3.54;3.87;3.21), Communication Infrastructure and Technology(4.22; 3.59; 2.43), and Social and Human Aspects (3.78; 3.11; 3.97). The values inparentheses are the average values from respondents for the Severity,
Occurrence, and detection of each risk event. Overall, the cause of the risk offailure in post-disaster logistics distribution is the risk event on infrastructure.

Keywords
Risk Analysis, Logistics Transportation, Earthquake Disaster, Risk event, Failure
Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

78

DRSD-2023-204

Understanding Resilience Strategy
Through Livelihood Diversification andKinship Networks Among Communities
Living Along Coastal Line: Case of
Padang City, of West Sumatra
Nursyirwan Effendi, Lucky Zamzami
Correspondence: effendi.pdg@gmail.com

Abstract
Since the big hit of the earthquake in 2009, Padang City has been regarded as
the most vulnerable area in West Sumatra due to its location directly to thesea and on the megathrust position in front of Sumatra Island. Within it, thecommunity in this city, especially along the coastal area, is vulnerable todealing with the next disaster, especially a tsunami. The local government,
NGOs, and universities have undergone several lessons, practices,
socialization, and preparedness for disaster mitigation with local communities.
A study of UNU Bonn two years before the earthquake happened
recommended that communities along the coast move to other safe areas
and to families living far from the coastal lines to deal with the upcoming
disaster. However, this recommendation was not impactful. Thousand of
casualties were evident in the earthquake and small tsunami in 2009.
Nowadays, life along the city's coastal area is becoming more crowded than
before. New buildings, hotels, restaurants, shops, and new house settlements
are apparent phenomena, and livelihood diversities are ubiquitous. The futuredisaster will come from the sea after the big earthquake is a precise prediction
among disaster experts. However, communities are not daring about it. Is it apicture of a local resilience? How can we understand communities living in thevulnerable areas? How do we know how to manage livelihoods and kinshipnetworks among communities to build life resilience in dealing with futuredisasters? Based on these questions, the paper will be presented.

Keywords
disasters, livelihood, kinship, communities, life resilience

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

79

DRSD-2023-213

Communication Management in
Coastal Abrasion Mitigation
Based on Pentahelix
Collaboration in West Sumatra
Yenny Oktavia, Yonariza, Yuerlita, Elita Amrina
Correspondence: yenny@agr.unand.ac.id

Abstract
Communication is key to successful disaster mitigation, preparedness,
response, and recovery. Communication management process in mitigating
coastal abrasion with the collaboration of Penta Helix, involving thecommunity, government, academia, business sector, and media. This is aneffort to reduce risk, save lives, and property, and speed recovery. The purposeof the study was to provide an understanding and overview of Penta Helix
collaboration in abrasion disaster mitigation management on the coast ofWest Sumatra. This research is a literature review study from journals andvarious reference sources. The results showed that one of the efforts that the
government has made is coordination with the National Disaster Management
Agency and related agencies. Business people play a role in supporting
material and non-material needs according to their business and capacity.
Academics act as drafters to build new concepts, theories, and models to help
handle abrasion mitigation. Traditional and religious activities become amedium to communicate to the community in conveying information related
to coastal abrasion, helping to increase awareness of disasters in the context
of emergency preparedness or response. Meanwhile, the community by
utilizing the power of local wisdom acts as an accelerator, helping toaccelerate the mitigation process. The obstacle that still occurs is the lack of
coordination among each stakeholder in coastal abrasion mitigation
management in West Sumatra.

Keywords
abrasion, communication management, Penta Helix, mitigation, collaboration.

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

80

DRSD-2023-224

Risk-Informed Infrastructure
Planning. An Essential for
Enhancing Urban Resilience:
A Case Study from Viet Nam
G. A. Chinthaka Ganepola, Thi Lan Phuong Le, Lalit Kumar Dashora,
Warittha Wannathong, Senaka Basnayake
Correspondence: chinthaka.ganepola@adpc.net

Abstract
Viet Nam is one of the world’s most vulnerable countries to climate change and its
cities/ urban areas are continuously experiencing many challenges due to climateinduced natural hazards and subsequent disasters. One of the main challenges isthe vulnerabilities existing in the urban infrastructure systems. Disruptions to thesesystems cause cascading effects across interconnected urban systems within thecity, impacting lives, livelihoods, and economic productivity. Hence, the resilience of
critical infrastructure is of paramount importance. This study looks into theinfrastructure systems functioning in two medium-sized, deltaic cities, My Tho andNam Dinh in Viet Nam located in the Mekong Delta in the South and in the Red River
Delta in the North of the Country respectively. The two cities are prone to Floods andTyphoons annually causing the urban fabric to be more vulnerable. A climateinclusive risk assessment for Floods, Typhoons, and Heatwave/Cold Wave hazards,
was conducted in the two cities. The most vulnerable critical infrastructure systems
were identified in the two cities by analyzing the risk assessment results, city
development plans and in consultation with the city-level stakeholders. The
identified infrastructure systems are (1) Transportation, (2) Drainage (3) Dykes and(4) Buildings. Factors ranging from technical to governance were seen as the major
reasons for the above infrastructure systems to be vulnerable and not riskinformed. City-specific recommendations are proposed for incorporating riskinformed planning into the decision-making process related to urban
infrastructure. These will help the two cities in unlocking their potential for great
progress in resilience and sustainable development.

Keywords
Critical, Infrastructure, Deltaic, Risk-informed, Urban, Resilience

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

81

DRSD-2023-228

Applying the Digital Shoreline
Analysis System (DSAS) to
Assess Coastline Change Alongthe Mekong Delta of Vietnam
Bui Phan Quoc Nghia, Indrajit Pal, Nuwong Chollacoop,
Tan Danh Nguyen
Correspondence: bpqnghia@gmail.com

Abstract
The coastal zone of the Mekong Delta of Vietnam (MDV) is a dynamic region
crucial for aquaculture, fishing, shipping, and recreation. In recent years, acombination of natural changes and human activities has led to significant
coastline alterations, impacting the lives and livelihoods of local residents. This
study addresses the MDV's coastline changes spanning from 1990 to 2020. We
utilized the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), a Geographic Information
System (GIS) extension. Shorelines were extracted from Landsat images in
1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. DSAS was employed to calculate the End Point Rate
(EPR) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR) of shoreline displacement. The findings
reveal that more than 84% of the total transects in the study area experienced
erosion, with EPR and LRR values of -8.27 and -8.34, respectively. Notably, Cape
Ca Mau in Ca Mau province exhibited the highest accretion. This researchestablishes a monitoring system for coastal changes in the Mekong Delta,
providing local authorities with a comprehensive overview of coastal erosion
and accretion, aiding in informed coastal management decisions.

Keywords
Mekong Delta, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), coastline change,erosion, accretion

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

82

C

ABSTRACT LIST
THEMATIC AREA : C
Remote Sensing and ICT
Applications for Disaster
ResilienceDRSD-2023-004

Drought Vulnerability
Assessment in Lam Ta Kong
Watershed
Nontaporn Kukuntod, Saowanee Wijitkosum
Correspondence: Saowanee.w@chula.ac.th

Abstract
Droughts repeatedly cause difficulties and losses to people in the Lam Ta Kongwatershed. Proper drought mitigation and management strategies caneffectively help prevent avoidable losses, and drought vulnerability
assessment is the key to that. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the
drought vulnerability of the Lam Ta Kong watershed with the involvement of
the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographical Information System(GIS) based on spatial analysis. The vulnerability assessment considered ten
drought-influencing factors: slope, elevation, soil texture, soil fertility, stream
density, precipitation, temperature, precipitation days, evaporation, and landuse. The results demonstrated that most of the watershed, approximately 35.1%of the total area, was experiencing high vulnerability, 30.3% facing moderate
vulnerability drought, and 10.9% facing very high vulnerability. The research
pointed out that climatic factors were the critical factors influencing drought
within the watershed, followed by geographical and anthropogenic factors.
This also illustrates that mitigations and management plans should be
developed, adapted, and designed considering these main factors and their
spatial locations.

Keywords
Drought assessment, Drought vulnerability, Lam Ta Kong watershed,
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Geographical Information System (GIS)

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

84

DRSD-2023-018

Importance of Geohazard
Investigation for Sustainable
Infrastructure Resilience in the
Nepal Himalaya
Basanta Raj Adhikari
Correspondence: bradhikari@ioe.edu.np

Abstract
The occurrence of natural hazards in the Nepal Himalaya is common due toactive tectonics and Asian monsoon. This has resulted numerous damages tothe critical infrastructure. The structural design and proximity to risk-prone
areas in rural and urban setting are the main causes of damages. The urban
poor are more vulnerable due to climate change and natural hazards due topoor house construction and living standard. For example, the estimateddamage due to recent Gorkha Earthquake-2015, Nepal is more than 500
million USD. The repair cost claimed one of the local government
representatives that they must allocate more than 20% of their annual budget
for repair and maintenance. The effect of climate change is severe in thisregion and do not last long due to increasing temperature and unpredictable
rainfall. Therefore, it is utmost necessity to implement the climate-resilience
infrastructure. A very few such guidelines have considered disaster risk
reduction approaches. The Constitution of Nepal, 2015 has listed natural andhuman-induced disaster preparedness, rescue, relief, and rehabilitation in the
concurrent powers of Federal, provincial and local governments. The criticalinfrastructure can be saved by installing community-based early warning
systems. Moreover, the establishment of hydro-meteorological stations at highaltitude, implementation of risk-sensitive land use planning considering multihazard and monitoring of mountain slopes will provide unique opportunity forthe sustainable risk reduction in the Nepal Himalaya.

Keywords
Geohazard, Nepal Himalaya, climate change

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

85

DRSD-2023-034

Enablers for Adoption of Blockchain
Technology for Disaster Management:
A Grey Dematel Approach
Smita Sharma, Jitender Kumar
Correspondence: smitas@iitk.ac.in

Abstract
Purpose: This research evaluates the various enablers for adoption of blockchain
technology for disaster management and further suggests the appropriate set of
facilitators through the various causal interactions among the set of enablers.
Design/methodology/approach: The tool utilized for the study is Decision-Making
Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) which provides a deeper understanding
into the interaction effects of the various enablers.
Findings: The literature suggests twelve enablers which were classified into causeand-effect enabler group and also interactions (i.e., enabling and enabled) among
the various enablers for adoption of blockchain in disaster management practices.
The study reveals transparency and tamper proof data storage as the mostsignificant cause enablers and the effect variables identified were trust andincreased system resilience.
Research limitations/implications: The carious enablers identified can befocussed upon by practitioners and policymakers for creating significant
interventions in the domain of disaster management.
Practical implications: The results may assist in devising policies and managerial
implications related to adoption of blockchain technology in disaster management.
Originality/value: Not many researches in the past have integrated the role of Grey
Dematel techniques in disaster management.

Keywords
Enablers, Grey Dematel, Blockchain Technology, Disaster Management

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

86

DRSD-2023-057

Advancing Urban Flood Hazard
Detection: A Look at Synthetic
Aperture Radar and Machine Learning
Abhinandita Kundu, Souvanic Roy
Correspondence: 2021app003.abhinandita@students.iiests.ac.in

Abstract
Urban flood hazards are becoming increasingly prevalent and damaging due torapid urbanization and climate change in many global cities. In Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Report in 2022, India is recognized to beparticularly at risk, given its predominantly low-lying and densely populated
coastline with megacities like Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai. Due to the presenceof dense population and extensive infrastructure in metropolitan cities it is crucial todevelop effective flood hazard detection methods. The complex LULC
characteristics of urban environments, the constraints of conventional hydrologicalmodels including the requirement of highly accurate input data and computationalcost, make it challenging to detect urban flooding. Synthetic Aperture Radar or SAR
is a powerful active remote sensing technology that utilizes microwave signals to
capture high-resolution images of the Earth's surface. SAR’s all-weather and daynight operational ability makes it particularly valuable for flood detection. In recent
years, machine learning (ML) algorithms, such as Artificial Neural Networks(ANN),
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Support Vector Machines, Decision Trees, andRandom Forests have been extensively employed to investigate various facets ofurban floods. The supervised and unsupervised machine learning model approachto detect ﬂooded pixels is efficient and suitable for analysis across various temporaland spatial scales. The present study aims to explore the integration of microwave
remote sensing and machine learning for mapping past flood hazards. The
resultant hazard maps will assist in creating the essential flood inventory in thecontext of the metropolitan city of Kolkata lacking past inundation records. The
advanced approach of combining SAR imagery and Machine Learning algorithms
will underscore the importance of utilizing historical data for flood hazard
monitoring and management, allowing urban planners and city authorities tobetter understand flood-prone areas and make informed decisions regarding floodrisk mitigation and urban development.

Keywords
Hazard Detection, Remote Sensing, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR),
Machine Learning, Urban Flood Mapping
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

87

DRSD-2023-061

Influencers in Digitally Enhanced
Disaster Risk Management and Its
Impact in SDGs Achievement inIndia: A Dematel Approach
Rosewine Joy
Correspondence: rosewine.joy@christuniversity.in

Abstract
Disasters are devastating and could detrain the sustainable growth initiativesof any economy. India has witnessed devastating natural disasters in the
recent past like droughts, floods, cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, etc. For theperiod 1995-2020, India faced about 1058 disasters. Many times, digitaltechnology is used as a means of disaster management. Usage of digitalplatforms such as Facebook, Google Maps, and WhatsApp for disaster risk
management by the government and community is increasingly common. For
example, Latitude, Longitude, and Airdrop were the words for the digitally
driven disaster risk co-management in India. These interventions have a
profound impact on managing disaster risk by saving lives and property. Thishas positive contributions in accelerating Sustainable development Goals
achievement. Against this backdrop, the study intends to probe into the extent
of digital technology usage in disaster management and how digitaltechnology could be an enabler in achieving SDG goals by improving theeffectiveness of disaster management. The study uses a grey dematel
approach. 30 individual rescue cases are focused. The results point out thatthe usage of these platforms has helped in effective communication andcoordination which positively contributes to SDGs.

Keywords
SDGs, ICT, social media, Digital4Sustainability, Dematel

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

88

DRSD-2023-064

Machine Learning Applications for
Disaster Management: A
Systematic Literature Review and
Future Research Agenda
Biplab Sarkar, Rosewine Joy
Correspondence: biplabsarkar@pes.edu

Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive exploration of the evolving landscape ofmachine learning model development in the context of disaster management.
Our objective is to conduct a systematic review of literature in this field,
offering insights into its progression across various dimensions. We begin byanalyzing the temporal evolution of machine learning applications in disastermanagement, tracing the development in terms of publication years, theoutlets where these studies are disseminated, authorship patterns, and thegeographic distribution of research contributors. Moreover, we delve into themethodologies and theoretical frameworks that underpin these studies,
shedding light on the diverse approaches adopted to address this criticaldomain. To further enrich our analysis, we use lexicometric techniques to
uncover the thematic trends that have emerged in machine learning fordisaster management research over time, providing a visual representation of
the field's evolution. Our study also identifies areas that remain underresearched, offering valuable guidance for future investigations. We explore
opportunities for model improvement, context-specific inquiries, considerationof unique disaster characteristics, and innovative methodological approaches.
Ultimately, our review not only contributes significantly to the machine learningfor disaster management literature but also offers practical implications forpolicymakers and practitioners. By understanding the past and present of thisdynamic field, we aim to facilitate the successful implementation of disastermanagement strategies, enhancing our collective ability to respond effectively
to crises.

Keywords
Disaster management, machine learning, systematic literature review,
lexicometric analysis
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

89

DRSD-2023-075

IoT For Smart Cities: An
Application Based Perspective
Pramila Jakhar, Smita Sharma
Correspondence: pramila.jakhar@manipal.edu

Abstract
With the increasing urbanization provision of quality of life to urbanites has
emerged as a major issue. Challenges like energy consumption, traffic congestion,
public transport facility, healthcare facilities and most importantly community
security and disaster preparedness are facing governments worldwide. Internet ofThings (IoT) has been a major intervention contributing significantly to the
management and governance of cities around the world. The automation featureof IoT based systems can significantly assist in managing disasters created bynatural systems. The concept of Smart cities is increasingly gaining popularity
among current applications of IoT due to the convenience and facilities it provides
to the city dwellers. IoT instills automation and intelligence in objects to investigate
different kinds of information, and creates the capacity required to predict someevents. This leads to generation of timely response to any event and evenproposing human optimum responses which is very effective in managing
disasters. The present study thus focusses on various IoT tools available for disaster
preparedness in a smart city. The study incorporates utilization of Smart Detection
Techniques involving sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscope, GPS, analog
to digital converter, decision making algorithms to differentiate or identify theseismic waves, user interface application for notification or alert system that greatly
contribute to providing the most viable solutions in the event of any disaster.
Sensors are employed within the cities via wireless connectivity to be accessible
remotely by decision makers to operate these devices. This paper proposes aframework for effective disaster management using IoT techniques which assist in
generating timely information in the event of upcoming disasters in smart cities.
The study concludes that early detection of hazardous condition can alert thedecision makers to use the information in aiding decisions to support and save lives
and reduce the other impacts of disasters.

Keywords
IoT, Smart cities, Application, Disaster

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

90

DRSD-2023-081

Proposal of a Portable ICT System
Integrated with AI Processing forEnhancing Disaster Front-Line Operation
Toshikazu Sakano, Ojetunde Babatunde, Akira Nakamura,Toshiaki Fukada
Correspondence: t.sakano@atr.jp

Abstract
As the number of disasters increases, the first responders still face challenges incarrying out their activities of rescuing and maintaining the people’s safety. In
disaster frontline operation under the disruption of telephone/Internet, information
handling like collecting, sharing and reporting disaster information takes time, thatis a hindrance to their activities. First responders usually rely on verbal and manualapproaches to the handling. It causes difficulty in the accurate and timely
information distribution that forces the first responders to operate with the limited
information.
To meet this challenge, we propose a Front-Line Operation System enabling first
responders to efficiently collect and share information at the disaster sites. FLOS is aportable ICT system comprising of small server, local communication equipment
like Wi-Fi and battery. The server acts as a standalone Web server which locallyoffers social networking service including chat, bulletin board and voice/videocommunications. First-responders access to the system through theirsmartphones/tablets and use it to collect and share necessary information evenunder communication disruptions. FLOS also provide AI features like speech
recognition, intelligent image processing and automatic analysis such as locating
objects from photos, acquisition of information from external systems. This on-site
analysis can be timely used in the first responder’s activities.
With FLOS, it will be possible to quickly grasp and analyze situations on site in any
communication environment. It is capable of semi-automatically acquiring,visualization, sharing, reporting, and recording of disaster information and utilize it
for rescue/search/recovery activities which makes the first responder activities behands-free. To confirm the FLOS’s feasibility, we are developing a prototype system.
In the paper, FLOS concept and its requirements are discussed. This work is in part
conducted by the SIP "Construction of Smart Disaster Prevention Networks."

Keywords
ICT, AI, Front line operation, Wireless communication
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

91

DRSD-2023-092

Network Analysis of Resource
Mapping for Fire Emergency
Response: A Case Study of Phra
Khanong District
Kunch Ringrod, Phisan Santitamnont
Correspondence: kunchg3@gmail.com

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the network analysis of fire
emergency response resources in Phra Khanong District, Bangkok. By using
spatial data such as the locations of fire emergency resources, building
density, population density, and records of fire incidents from 2011-2021, an
examination was conducted on the correlation between area-based factors,
distance and travel time for fire response operations carried out by the
district's fire and rescue stations. Utilizing Geographic Information Systemtechnology, a network analysis was conducted using open data to develop ahexagonal cell map that identifies potential areas for effective fire response.
The effective distribution of fire response resources greatly impacts thepotential for successful fire suppression in Phra Khanong District, Bangkok. The
analysis indicates that the distribution of resources in the northern, eastern,
and western areas exhibits limited accessibility to achieve a standard travel
time of 10 minutes to fire incidents. However, it is still necessary to consider
factors such as distance from the fire station and water hydrant amidst traffic
congestion. By developing a comprehensive fire response service system
tailored to operations and covering the Phra Khanong area, both victims andresidents will benefit from improved emergency services.

Keywords
Network Analysis, OD Cost-Matrix, Fire Emergency, GIS

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

92

DRSD-2023-116

Exploring Drought Characteristics
in Vietnam During the Period 2001 –2022 Using MODIS Image
Pham Phan Hong Danh, Phan Hien Vu
Correspondence: st124405@ait.asia

Abstract
Natuaral disaster, especially drought is one of big problem in Vietnam in many
years, mainly responsible for serious damaged for the agriculture and theeconomy. This study focuses on exploring the trend of drought phenomenom
monthly from 2001 to 2022 in the country, using the remote sensing MODIS
MOD09GQ and MOD11A1 daily data products. The research estimate theseverity of drought characteristics from using the Temperature Vegetation
Condition Index (TVCI), which is sorted from extremely dryness to extremely
wet. The TVCI is computed on a linear regression of the relationship between
the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), derived from red and nearinfrared reflectance data, and the Land Surface Temperature (LST), derived
from thermal reflectance data. After analyzing the collected data, the result
come up with the expanding in drought from vertical direction from the northto the south of the country, corresponding with the no drought – light drought
to serve drought – very serve drought.After analyzing, the result come up with
48.22% of Vietnam is in moderate drought while 18.96% of the section is in serve
drought, and 4.16% in very serve drought condition. In TVCI differencing,approximately 56.71% of the land coverage is in positive change when showing
increase in TVCI intensity. The drought problem in Vietnam is caused by thesteady increase in LST, as an effect of climate change, and the movement ofland cover distribution in enlarging the density of urban and built-up area
while restricting coverage of vegetation and plants, as well as croplands, andwater bodies area.

Keywords
Temperature Vegetation Condition Index (TVCI), Drought, MODIS, Land
Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

93

DRSD-2023-119

Impact of Land Use/Land CoverChanges and Urbanization in
Peshawar City
Salman Khan, Muhammad Ajmal, May Hnin Aye
Correspondence: st123179@ait.asia

Abstract
This study investigates the changes in land use and land cover in Peshawar
city, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. To analyze changes in land use and land
cover, 25 years (1993-2018) satellite remote sensing data of Landsat Thematic
Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM), and Operational Land Imager(OLI) are utilized. The Maximum Likelihood Classification is used to organize theLandsat images in order to differentiate between land use and land coverclasses. Variations between different classes of land use and land cover arecompared. The modification in the land use depicts that urbanization isincreased 21.49% between 1993 and 2018. There is a rapid decline in theavailability of open land/barren land which is 13.06% less in 2018 as compared
to what it was in 1993 followed by vegetations decline (7.84%) in the same
duration. Water bodies are decreased by 0.61%. Similarly, in terms of area, thesettlements increased by 275.05 km2, while open land/barren land decreased
by 267.16 km2 vegetations are decreased by 100.05 km2. Spatial maps for gain
and losses in settlements are prepared by using the geospatial analysis tool
named Land Change Modeller (LCM) of TerrSet for different time periods (19932003, 2003-2013 and 2013-2018). Spatial trends maps of 3rd, 6th and 9th orderpolynomials are also prepared for the same time periods. Very significant
modifications are found in land cover and land use configurations in the study
area. A rapid increase in settlement is found during 1993-2018; however,substantial decrease is found in open lands/barren lands and vegetations.

Keywords
Urbanization, Landuse Changes, Geographic Information Systems,
Peshawar, Supervised Classification

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

94

DRSD-2023-129

Smart Phone Water Quality andWater Depth Monitoring Using
Water Sensors
Nandanavanam VBS Sudarsan Karthikeya, Chitrini
Mozumder, Adithya Valivety, Ganni SVSA Bharadwaz
Correspondence: st120647@ait.asia

Abstract
In this study a design and development of a low-cost system for real-timemonitoring of the water quality in IoT (internet of things). The system consistsof several sensors used to measure the physical and chemical parameters of
the water. The parameters such as PH, turbidity, water flow sensor, andultrasonic water level sensor of the water can be measured. The measured
values from the sensors can be processed by the microcontroller. The Arduino
model can be used as a microcontroller. Finally, the sensor data can beviewed on the internet using a WI-FI system. The effective and efficient systemof water quality and Depth monitoring (WQD) are critical implementations forthe issue of polluted water globally. The current water quality monitoring
system is a manual system with a monotonous process and is very timeconsuming. The main components of water quality monitoring (WQM) include
a microcontroller for processing the system, a communication system for interand intra-node communication and several sensors. Real-time data accesscan be done using remote monitoring and Internet of Things (IoT) technology.
Some sensors are used in this mobile application, with that sensor data it canshow the water quality information in the mobile application. Some data aretaken for the sensor like pH level, turbidity, water flow, and ultrasonic waterlevel sensors are used to get the data.

Keywords
pH sensor, Turbidity sensor, Water Flow Sensor, Ultrasonic water levelsensor Arduino model, WI-FI module.

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

95

DRSD-2023-132

Geo-Spatial Mapping and Analysis
of Water Sources Suitability as
Potable Water in South Cotabato
Province Philippines
Jane Samejon Malasador, Romeo B. Gavino, Helen F. Gavino
Correspondence: jane.malasador@msugensan.edu.phAbstract
South Cotabato Province, composed of 10 municipalities and a city, is located at thesouthernmost part of the Philippines. Its 3,935.95 square-kilometer area is endowedwith fertile soils and water resources. It is one of the food baskets of the Philippines
where the land is mainly utilized for crop production (e.g., rice, corn, banana,
papaya, asparagus, coconut, sugarcane, and other high-valued fruits andvegetables). With its agricultural development and increasing population, thehealth of soil and water resources is at risk. As water being the most importantcomponent in agricultural production and in households especially for drinking,evaluating the quality of the water resources is important. Hence, this study aims todetermine the suitability of water sources for drinking in South Cotabato Province
with the aid of Geographic Information System. A total of 150 sampling points fromvarious water sources such as deep wells, pitcher pumps, artesian wells andsprings were studied. Ten contaminant parameters were considered, i.e., total
dissolved solids, total suspended solids, hardness, electrical conductivity, turbidity,
pH, nitrate, phosphate, mercury, and Escherichia coli bacteria. Result showed that53.33% of the total sampling sources are suitable while 46.67% are not. It also
showed that pitcher pump is the most susceptible to contamination which revealed
70.45% of the total pitcher pumps source is not suitable. Major contaminants foundwere mercury, turbidity, and phosphate. Result also revealed that 92% of thesampling sites are within the agricultural area and 50% of the sources are notsuitable as potable water. Regular monitoring of the water sources in South
Cotabato is recommended to ensure the safety of the people consuming the water.
The resulting GIS maps may be used for the policy making and regulation in theutilization of land and water resources in the province.

Keywords
Geographic Information System, Drinking Water, Agricultural Development,
Water Contaminants, Water Health

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

96

DRSD-2023-144

Towards Pandemic Disaster Resilience:
Measuring Spatial Infection Risk to Aid
Reflexive Decision-Making During
Infectious Disease Outbreaks
Shahana Usman Abdulla, Bimal Puthuvayi, Baka Lakshmi
Narasimha Sai
Correspondence: shahana.usab@gmail.com

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a health, economic, and livelihood
disaster, leading to prolonged illness, loss of life, and socioeconomic
disruptions. The devastating consequences of such a health disaster haveurged us to recalculate the robustness and swiftness of decision-making done
to contain the disease spread. This study explores simulation techniques tomeasure spatial infection risk, which can enhance the decision-making
process during containment. The analysis simulates the risk of infection posedby public spaces using agent-based and system dynamics models. The
authors demonstrate the process using the case of an urban park in India. The
hybrid model used daily activity data to simulate disease transmission inindoor, outdoor, and social distancing scenarios by varying the level ofcompliance. The simulation results give the probable proportion of infected
and susceptible populations based on which the opening times and numberof people allowed can be fixed. The study helps us understand the usage ofsimulation techniques in formulating more defined and transpicuous
measures for containment with minimal impacts on daily lives.

Keywords
Pandemic, Resilience, COVID-19, Simulation, Spatial infection risk

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

97

DRSD-2023-149

Elephant Habitat Modelling in Sai
Yok National Forest Using HighResolution Pléiades Data
Anirban Mukhopadhyay, Indrajit Pal, Niloy Pramanick, Jyoti
Prakash Hati, Ganni S.V.S.Aditya Bharadwaz
Correspondence: anirbanatju@gmail.com

Abstract
Since the 1960s, deforestation has become prominent in Thailand due tostrong demand for timber, settlement of vacant land and the spread of cash
crops. The decreased and fragmented forest cover has resulted in reduced
elephant habitat in many regions of Thailand. Moreover, the conversion offorests to agricultural land and other anthropogenic activities to sustain the
expanding population has resulted in increased human-elephant conflict inThailand. Therefore, this study aims to assess the elephant habitat in Sai Yok
National Forest using Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services andTradeoffs (InVEST) habitat models. This project will also highlight the potentialof high-resolution Pléiades data for future monitoring and management offorests across the world. The habitat assessment was done in two steps:
habitat quality modelling and habitat risk assessment. The InVEST Habitat
quality model will be used to estimate the range of habitat and vegetation
types, as well as their degree of degradation, using habitat quality and rarity
as proxies. On the other hand, the Habitat Risk Assessment model will be
employed to assess the hazards associated with human activity exposure toelephant habitats. These two models take elevation, slope, road, river network,and land use as necessary input for modelling and identifying the places
where conservation will have the most positive impact on elephant habitat.
The models analyze the sensitivity and threat perception of elephant habitat in
Sai Yok National Forest. This study will also help to observe the trade-offs
between various ecosystem services that may occur due to the effects ofanthropogenic pressures and climate change at the Sai Yok National Forest.

Keywords
Elephant Habitat, Thailand, Sai Yok national Park, Pléiades , Invest model

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

98

DRSD-2023-178

RiskChanges: A WebGIS
Application for Multi-Hazard
Quantitative Risk Assessment
Rabina Twayana, Cees Van Westen, Manzul Kumar Hazarika,
Anish Ratna Shakya, Ashok Dahal
Correspondence: rabina@ait.asia

Abstract
With increasing challenges of climate change, urbanization and evolving land use
patterns, the frequency and intensity of hazards like floods, landslides, droughts,
heatwaves, and wildfires are increasing. These events result in significant damages
and losses every year. To address this, an efficient spatial decision support system
is needed to assess and manage risks effectively and enhance resilience. A few
such systems are being developed, but they have limitations for universal use. The"RiskChanges" is an open-source web-based platform aiming to analyze current
and future multi-hazard risks anywhere in the world and help users to selectoptimal risk reduction alternatives. The application comprises a range of essentialfunctionalities for quantitative risk assessment. These include the ability to assess
multiple hazards and their interactions, manage various exposure elements, accessa database of vulnerability curves, carry out risk comparisons, and perform spatial
analyses. Users are given the flexibility to upload their own as well as freely
available datasets, such as hazard maps, element-at-risk maps, andadministrative unit. Furthermore, the application contains public vulnerability curve
database, facilitating the sharing of vulnerability curves among users. The overallrisk assessment within application includes combining hazard and element at risk
to compute exposure, then calculates losses based on exposure and vulnerability
for each combination of elements-at-risk and hazards. Subsequently, these loss
calculations are then integrated to develop risk maps, enabling users to define theinteraction between different hazard types. It provides user with the ability tocompare risk between current and future risk scenarios and select suitable risk
mitigation measures based on cost-benefit analysis. Eventually, RiskChanges
assists in decision-making and efficient resource allocation for disaster risk
management.

Keywords
Multi-Hazard, Risk, Disaster, Spatial Decision Support System

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

99

DRSD-2023-184

Comparative Assessment of Automatic
Flood Mapping Approaches Using
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Earth
Observation Images: A Case of Kerala
Flood Event Over Indian Region
Vanama Venkata Sai Krishna, Vanama Venkata Sai Krishna,
Sanjay Shitole, C.M.Bhatt, Indrajit Pal
Correspondence: vsaikrishna1990@gmail.com

Abstract
According to the Emergency Event Database (EM-DAT), in 2022 a total of 387
disaster events out of which 176 flood events were registered globally. Climatechange has contributed to an increase in the frequency and magnitude offloods around the world. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing data
plays a crucial role in mapping the spatial extent of flood due to its ability tomonitor floods in all weather conditions and is sensitive to both geometric anddielectric features of the target. Kerala state, India, experienced two abnormal
rainfall spells during 7-9 Aug. 2018 and 14-19 Aug. 2018. This unprecedented
massive rainfall along with dam water release, caused serious flooding in 13
districts of Kerala. In the present study, C-band Sentinel-1 SAR image that is
acquired during peak flood time is used to analyse the Kerala flood event. A
standard pre-processing method is implemented on Sentinel-1 SAR image toobtain the speckle filtered terrain corrected radar backscatter image. Twoflood mapping approaches combined with automatic thresholding algorithms(Otsu, Kittler-Illingworth) are implemented on SAR images to obtain the floodarea. A comparative assessment is made between the two flood mapping
approaches that are global and local (split-window) methods. From the result,
it is observed that the local approach is very efficient and is performing better
than the global approach. Further, the validation of the flood area isimplemented using the field data collected immediately after the flood event.

Keywords
Kerala Flood, Sentinel-1, Split-Window, Otsu, Thresholding

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

100

DRSD-2023-191

Geospatial Insights for Disaster Resiliencein Barcelona, Spain: Integrating Landsat 8
Remote Sensing, GIS, and Machine
Learning to Monitor Air Pollution andExamine Its Impact on Mental Health
Deepali Mishra, Kona Venkata Anantha Kiran
Correspondence: st124434@ait.asia

Abstract
Environmental impacts cause a major difference on multiple instances. One of theinfluences is on the mental health status of people, who are constantly prone to airpollution. According to many researchers, the impact of constant exposure to airpollution leads to severe mental disorders. Using the Landsat 8 data & Remote
Sensing and GIS techniques, the air-pollution can be monitored on a real time basis
along with the spatial and temporal distribution of the air-pollution variation byincorporating the SVM and Random Forest Machine learning algorithm in the study
area. The influence of pollution on mental health status is a rapidly growing issue.
Using the dataset from CitieS-Health Project, the influence of air-contamination on
mental health status can be observed.
Through incorporation of complex machine learning algorithms, the complexities ofthe datasets can be unraveled. The statistical relation between the data criteria
provides a detailed understanding of the relation between By analyzing the dataset,the proper guidelines can be drafted for the decision makers to make adaptable
decisions for pollution monitoring and control in the critical areas and the diseasediagnosis can be made simpler using this model. The polluted air can have a major
impact on the environment. Furthermore, the model simplifies disease diagnosis
related to air pollution, aiding healthcare professionals in proactive response.
Recognizing the pervasive impact of polluted air on environmental outcomesunderscores the urgency of our work in strengthening disaster resilience inBarcelona and other regions.

Keywords
Machine Learning, RSGIS, Mental Health, Pollution, PM2.5

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

101

DRSD-2023-194

A Review on Understanding theDrought Indices and Assessment
Technique in ASIA
Zaw Min Htet, Neelay Srivastava, Indrajit Pal, Zaw Min Htet,
Divyansh Tripathi
Correspondence: st123302@ait.asia

Abstract
Understanding the drought indices and assessment techniques is crumble someworkout and intense data centric. There is no definitive technique, indices or modelin particular which itself can claim to access the drought condition and it’sforecasting completely. This study is an attempt to understand and endeavour toanalytical review the most suitable common practice in research academia fordrought assessment. Both meteorological and hydrological drought parallelly canbe workout to have depth analysis of severity and duration for droughtcharacterisation. The SPI, SPEI, SSI was commonly applied with precipitation andtemperature data, whilePDSI, VHI and NDVI was found to be quite prominent inpractice, while employing the remote sensing data. These indices wereconveniently reliable to analyse with data like water resources or precipitation in
one hand, and investigating the health condition of vegetation or crops, while
facing the drought impact on them on the other. SPI was most opted as part ofdrought assessment, where sometime rainfall data was replaced with stream,
groundwater and other water resources ancillary data to get other indices result.
Climate data, SDSM models, and climate variability data were employed to draw
the baseline and anticipating the scenarios.The impact of the periodic fluctuation
like El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Madden Julian Oscillation were quite indicative
to be considered to find the linkages, and forecast the possibility of developing
drought condition in the region. The unified indices like Integrated Drought Index(IDI) supposed to give better reliable results for larger geographical region toincorporate the topological sensitivity of area like China and India, employing
simultaneously meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural factors It is complex
method and huge data seeking process to find the correlation among contributing
factors.

Keywords
Drought Risks; Drought Assessment; Agricultural Drought; Standardized
Agricultural Drought Index; PDIS, Crop Phenology; Hydrological Cycle; Climate
Change; gamma-gamma transformation ; SPI; PETDRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

102

DRSD-2023-205

Trajectory Model of Tsunami
Evacuation in Padang
Yosritzal, Karl Kim, Elsa Eka Putri, Bayu Martanto Adji,
Fitria Heny, Nada Safira, Dhea Andrieny Putri
Correspondence: yosritzal@eng.unand.ac.id

Abstract
This paper presents a trajectory model of tsunami evacuation in Padang. A
trajectory model of tsunami evacuation is a computer model that simulates
the movement of people evacuating from a tsunami. It considers factors suchas the location of people, the distance to evacuation routes, the speed ofpeople's movement, and obstacles in the way. The trajectory model describes
how the wave of tsunami and evacuees move occasionally. The model wasdeveloped based on the walking speed of evacuees and the speed of the
wave of tsunami. Using this model, it is expected that the bottleneck in
evacuation will be identified, evacuation routes will be optimised, evacuation
time will be predicted, and vulnerable populations will be identified.

Keywords
trajectory model; evacuation; tsunami, bottleneck; walking speed

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

103

DRSD-2023-208
Developing a Systematic Framework for A
Climate-Resilient Early Warning System for
Heat Stress Utilizing Heat Stress Sensors
and Information Technology: A Case of
Quezon City, Philippines
Tabassam Raza, Thess Khaz Raza, Shaker Mahmood Mayo, Carmelita
R.E.U. Liwag, Dina C. Magnaye, Mark Anthony M Morales
Correspondence: tabassamrr@gmail.com

Abstract
This study identifies Quezon City, Philippines, as a prime location for Urban Heat
Island (UHI) susceptibility due to rapid urbanization, causing temperature spikes of
up to 5°C compared to non-urban areas. These elevated temperatures significantly
affect residents, especially the elderly, leading to a surge in heat-related conditions
like rashes, cramps, exhaustion, stroke, and, in extreme cases, fatalities. The study’s
main goal is to establish a comprehensive framework. This framework integrates
innovative, science-based knowledge to assess climate change’s impact,
specifically on human body temperature. The focus lies on elderly inhabitants in
UHI-vulnerable Quezon City areas. Employing the Logical Decision for Window (LDW)
approach, the study selects appropriate Heat Stress Sensors for an early warning
system. This system monitors temperature in vulnerable individuals, especially theelderly, who struggle to adapt to rapid temperature fluctuations. Leveraging
Information Technology (IT), the system calculates Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature(WBGT) using Heat Stress Sensors, providing timely advisories via mobile devices.
Notably, Quezon City boasts a dense population of 3,085,786, with 23.3% comprising
the entire Metro Manila populace. Among them, 385,261 are seniors, and 29,986
have disabilities. Crucially, there is no existing Heat Stress sensor-based early
warning system in the Philippines. This research, akin to the U.S. Navy’s flag system,
aims to showcase practical Heat Stress Sensor applications, offering timely
advisories to save lives during UHI and extreme climate events. Once the framework
implements successfully, It can be used for other similar context locally andinternational to prevent health issues encompass conditions like heat rash, heat
cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and, in extreme cases, even fatalities.

Keywords
Early Warning System, Heat Stress Sensor, Resilient, Information Technology,
Urban Heat Island,
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

104

DRSD-2023-212

Identifying Challenges to the Optimal
Utilization of Early Warning Systems
for Flood Management in Metro
Manila: Advancing SDGs 11 and 13
Tabassam Raza, Krishna Buenaventura, Maryam Mazouz, Carmelita
R.E.U. Liwag, Emmanuel Yacim, Jean Baptist Muhoza, Darling Ximena
Velasco Caicedo, Dina C. Magnaye, Mark Anthony M Morales
Correspondence: ningvb@yahoo.com

Abstract
The Philippines faces recurrent flood hazards, causing a range of issues from minor
inconveniences to severe economic and human losses, disrupting essential
resources and sanitation systems. Metro Manila, home to 15 million residents and asignificant contributor to the national economy, grapples with persistent floodingthat results in loss of life, property damage, and citywide traffic congestion. To
address these challenges, the Philippine government collaborated with the WorldBank to develop the Metro Manila Flood Management Master Plan. Approved by the
National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Board in 2012, this plan
focuses on improving flood forecasting, early warning systems, and communitybased flood risk management. The Department of Science and TechnologyPhilippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, Astronomical Services Administration (DOSTPAGASA) developed an automated enhanced Flood Early Warning System (FEWS)
to address escalating flooding issues in the region. However, flooding remains asignificant problem, resulting in human and economic losses. Previous research has
highlighted obstacles faced by early warning systems, such as insufficient
infrastructure and financial constraints, yet a comprehensive assessment of thesechallenges in Metro Manila is lacking. This study aims to identify and analyze thesebarriers, contributing to enhanced flood management and early warning systems.
Aligned with Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 11: Sustainable Cities
and Communities and Goal 13: Climate Action, the study uses a desk study
methodology, analyzing articles, reports, and policy documents from secondary
sources, with potential data bias due to reliance on secondary data. This researchis significant as it can inform evidence-based policies to bolster community
resilience and adaptability to flood disasters in Metro Manila.

Keywords
Flood Early Warning System, Sustainable Development Goals, Communitybased, Resilience, Flood Management
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

105

DRSD-2023-220

Rainfall Threshold-Based Early
Warning System for Landslides: A
Case Study from the Nilgiris
District, Western Ghats of India
Ganapathy Pattukandan Ganapathy
Correspondence: seismogans@yahoo.com

Abstract
Rainfall-induced landslides cause a significant threat globally, withaccelerating casualties and damages. The Nilgiris district in the Western Ghats
part of Tamil Nadu state is one of the very high to severe landslide hazard
prone areas of India. This study focuses on establishing rainfall thresholds andtemporal landslide probabilities across identified high-risk slopes in The Nilgiris
district. Leveraging earlier research pinpointing landslide-prone areas,
historical landslide data spanning from 1824 to 2018 was compiled into acomprehensive spatial database. Detailed analysis of landslide inventory
facilitated the calculation of rainfall thresholds. Monthly and yearly rainfall
data, gathered from 37 rain gauge stations operated by diverse government
and private agencies are collected and used for this study. Rainfall thresholds
were estimated for 14 specific locations known for high landslide susceptibility
areas. These thresholds are crucial in areas where the likelihood of landslides
is pronounced. The study also computed the temporal probability of landslides
occurring within 1, 3, 5, and 10-year intervals. The findings present key
information for the development of an early warning system tailored to The
Nilgiris District's specific needs.

Keywords
Flood Early Warning System, Sustainable Development Goals, Communitybased, Resilience, Flood Management

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

106

DRSD-2023-223

Advancing Impact-Based
Forecasting and Warning (IBFW)
in Southeast Asia: A Case Study
from Vietnam
Lalit Kumar Dashora, Senaka Basnayake, Susantha
Jayasinghe, Chinthaka Ganepola
Correspondence: lalit.dashora@adpc.net

Abstract
Viet Nam is highly exposed to hydro-meteorological hazard such as flood,
typhoon and drought. To combat existing situation, there is an increasing needamongst National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) andNational Disaster Management Organisation (NDMO) to understand andforecast the impacts of hydro-meteorological hazards in order to takeanticipatory actions. Traditional forecast and warning products describe “whatthe weather will be”, but Impact-based Forecasting and Warning (IbFW)
describe “what the weather will do” – linking the forecast hazard to potential
impacts. Linking hazards and potential impacts allows IbFW to present vital
impact information which can improve decision-making and anticipatory
actions taken by NMHS and NDMO and other sectoral institutions. Effective
IbFW provide advice and guidance on what actions users can take to further
reduce the socio-economic cost of weather and climate related hazardous
events. This paper emphasizes the readiness assessment, design,development and pilot IbFW in My Tho (Mekong River Delta) and Nam Dinh
(Red River Delta) cities in Viet Nam. IbFW in Viet Nam marks a significant step
towards modernizing the country's overall early warning systems. IbFW will
provide event and location specific customised impact forecast, based on theneeds of the NMHS, and NDMO who will be prime user the IbFW. IbFW pilot in
Vietnam aligns with the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) "Early
Warnings for All" initiative and also follow necessary article of the Law on
Hydro-meteorology (2015) in Viet Nam.

Keywords
Impact-based forecast and warning, Multi-hazard Early warning, Hydrometeorological hazard, Viet Nam, Southeast Asia, Anticipatory Action
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

107

DRSD-2023-231

Intersecting Realities: Land Use Change
in Southwestern Coastal Areas Amidst
National Transformations in Bangladesh
Kamruzzaman Akand, Md Asadujjaman, Sheikh Tawhidul Islam
Correspondence: kamruzzaman_ju@yahoo.com

Abstract
This study delves into the dynamics of land use change at both national and local
levels, providing a comprehensive overview of the characteristics and drivers
shaping the evolving landscape of Bangladesh. The assessment of national land
use reveals insights into the overarching patterns of transformation over time, witha specific focus on identifying the drivers responsible for changes in various
regions. Notably, the conversion of productive agricultural lands into urban areas
emerges as a predominant trend, leading to unsustainable natural resource
management and diverse environmental challenges such as land degradation,water pollution, air pollution, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. In contrast, theanalysis of local or landscape-level land use change offers nuanced insights into
specific regions, highlighting the intricate interplay of factors influencing local
conditions. Three southwestern coastal locations, namely Shyamnagar upazila(Satkhira district), Koyra upazila (Khulna district), and Mongla upazila (Bagherhat
district), serve as focal points for the investigation. Local land use changes in theseareas are strongly influenced by the intricacies of the local political economy, incontrast to the broader national changes driven primarily by policy alterations. A
critical observation is that whether occurring at the national or local scale, theseland use changes have profound implications for the well-being of the population.
As productive lands are transformed and resources are exploited without regard to
local knowledge and capacity, vulnerable communities emerge. Such vulnerability
becomes glaringly evident when disasters strike, disproportionately affecting those
who are least equipped to cope with the impacts. Therefore, maintaining land
productivity and preventing degradation is imperative to empower communities,
allowing them to harness local resources optimally and strengthen their overall
capacity for sustenance. This research underscores the necessity of sustainable
land management practices to mitigate the adverse effects of land use changes
on vulnerable populations and promote resilient communities.

Keywords
Land Use, Coastal, Sustainability

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

108

DRSD-2023-232

Temporal and Spatial Analysis of
Sea Surface Temperature in the
Bay of Bengal: A Comprehensive
Study from 1999 to 2018
Al Jubaer, Sheikh Tawhidul Islam, Swarnabha Bandyopadhaya
Correspondence: swarnabha@prayuktigroup.com

Abstract
This research investigates seasonal and geographical shifts in the sea surface
temperature (SST) of the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Data from six locations in the
BoB were analyzed on seasonal time scales, examining mean maximum andmean minimum temperatures from 1999 to 2018. For each of the four climatic
seasons—spring (March–May), summer (June–September), fall (October–
November), and winter (December–February)—SST anomaly data over thispart of the BoB were calculated (December - February). Sea Surface
Temperature's regional and temporal distribution was mapped using ArcGIS
and Erdas Imagine. Except for winter, annual mean minimum temperatures in
the North Bay were found to be almost identical to those in the North Bay from1999 to 2008. Mean maximum temperatures showed an increasing trend from2010 to 2015, except in South Andaman in 2013, where a downward trend canbe observed compared to previous years. The regional distribution of sea
surface temperature throughout all seasons reveals a gradual but steadyincrease in temperature over time, with the highest temperature recorded in2015 occurring in South Andaman at about 30.5 degrees Celsius before theonset of the monsoon.

Keywords
Sea Surface Temperature, Bay of Bengal

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

109

DRSD-2023-233
Heatwave Dynamics in Dhaka: Understanding
Influences, Assessing Ramifications, andCharting Eco-Friendly Remedies
Syed Hafizur Rahman, Mahfuzul Islam
Correspondence: hafizsr@juniv.edu

Abstract
With a high population density, unplanned development, and heavy transport,
Dhaka is one of the most polluted places on Earth and is incredibly vulnerable toglobal climate impacts such as heatwaves. To address this, a study was conducted
to identify the most vulnerable places in Dhaka, which are known as potential heatislands. The study focused on Dhaka City, which consists of two city corporations:Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) and Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC).
Secondary weather data was used to determine the hottest time of the year, which
was found to be April to June. Landsat 8 satellite imagery was collected between
2015 and 2022, and QGIS was used to analyze the land surface temperatures of
Dhaka city. By using the heat signature data, the study was able to identify sevenpotential heat islands in Dhaka City. These heat islands are known as Mirpur HI,
Tejgaon HI, Badda HI, Bashundhara HI, Uttara HI, Old Dhaka HI, and Konapara HI. The
first five heat islands are situated in DNCC, which covers 37.16% of the area, and thelatter two are in DSCC, covering 39.77%. According to the LULC analysis, the majorityof the area of the heat islands was occupied by the build-up area. Mirpur, Badda,
Tejgaon, and Old Dhaka heat islands carried more than 70% build-up area of thetotal. Konapara and Uttara heat islands contained more than 50% build-up area.
The rest contained 23.3% as the build-up area. Additionally, these heat islands
contained very low amounts of green and blue space. The blue space was less than
10%, where the percentage went below 1% in all the heat islands except Old Dhaka
and Konapara HI. Similar scenarios were being portrayed for the green space. Fromthe study, it was found that the build-up area increased the temperature due to a
low albedo rate, and the absence of green and blue space decreased the naturalprocess of cooling down, which also increased the temperature. Therefore, it is
crucial to implement quick plans and programs to increase proper green and blue
spaces in Dhaka City, especially in the heat island zone. Providing extra attention to
the potential heat islands is mandatory, as these are the most vulnerable places
against heat impacts.

Keywords
Heatwaves, Dhaka City, Heat Islands, Assessment

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

110

D

ABSTRACT LIST
THEMATIC AREA : D
Resilience of Urban,
Built Environment
and Infrastructure

DRSD-2023-012

Assessing Vulnerability of Built
Environment in Landslide Prone
Region of Raigad District, India
Sujata Kodag, Abhishek Kodag
Correspondence: des.consortium@gmail.com

Abstract
Landslide is a natural hazard, occurring globally, responsible for casualties anddamage to built infrastructure. India with its long mountain ranges is equallyvulnerable to landslides causing death and damage every year. The Sahyadri
mountain ranges of Konkan region in Maharashtra state are prone tolandslides. The settlements here are fragmented with few remotely located in
mountains. The remote villages and hamlets tucked in Sahyadri mountain
ranges are highly vulnerable. A recent landslide occurred on 19 July 2023, at
9.30 pm in Irshalwadi, a remote hamlet in mountains of Raigad district,approximately 60 km away from Mumbai, killing 27 people, missing 78 out of
the 229 population. Many such villages are listed by the district administration
as highly susceptible to landslides. This paper attempts an in-depth study of,vulnerability to landslides in two such villages, Irshalwadi and Beed-Khurd, in
Raigad District. The study was conducted through field assessment of the built
environment, focus group discussions and key stakeholder interviews tounderstand the socioeconomic and environmental vulnerability. The study
reveals the threat of landslides is comprised of the combination of naturalelements and anthropogenic activities. The study further reveals thevulnerability is not only physical, due to the terrain conditions, but a
combination socioeconomic and environmental degradation. This study
hence is important for making informed decision to avert the further risk oflandslides.

Keywords
Landslide, Vulnerability, Physical Vulnerability, Socioeconomic Vulnerability,
Environmental degradation

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium112

DRSD-2023-013

Climate Extremes and (Peri)
Urban Flooding: The Case of
Rawta Village, Delhi
Vishal Narain
Correspondence: vishalnarain@mdi.ac.in

Abstract
This paper describes how urbanization and climate extremes increase thevulnerability of peri-urban spaces to the effects of disasters. The research islocated in a peri-urban village called Rawta. The methodology used is aqualitative research design using an ethnographic approach: semi-structured
interviews and direct observation of irrigation practices. Thoughadministratively the village is located under the jurisdiction of the South Delhi
Municipal Corporation, it could be considered peri-urban in terms of its
livelihood profile and other characteristics. The village is located on the banksof the Najafgarh nallah, an important wastewater and storm water drain thatcarries the waste of the National Capital Region. The Najafgarh Nallah is an
important source of irrigation in the village for paddy and wheat. However, intimes of extreme rainfall, the frequency and intensity of which has increased inrecent years, the excess water from the National Capital Region is emptied into
the Najafgarh nallah; this overflows and causes flooding in the Rawta village.
This results in the loss of agricultural production. In the cropping season of2022, the flooding of the fields continued well into the sowing season for wheat,
resulting in a loss of the sowing season. Tenants and sharecroppers are more
vulnerable to the effects of such peri-urban flooding as they need to pay a
pre-agreed amount upfront to the landlord, regardless of the actual harvest.
Farmers whose lands are located adjacent to the nallah are more vulnerable
than those whose lands are located further afar or are geographicallyscattered. 200 acres of land in the village are perennially submerged andrendered unfit for cultivation. The paper concludes with a review of alternative
pathways for disaster risk reduction for peri-urban spaces like Rawta.

Keywords
peri-urban, flooding, India, vulnerability, ecological foot-print

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

113

DRSD-2023-022

Enhancing Urban-Rural Coordination for
Sustainable Water Management andDisaster Resilience: A Case Study of Water
Scarcity in Kathmandu, Nepal
Namita Poudel Bhurtel, Rajib Shaw
Correspondence: Namita Poudel Bhurtel

Abstract
The global pursuit of safely managed drinking water, as outlined in SDG 6, has been
an ongoing challenge, affecting 2.2 billion people worldwide.(SDG 6) The capital city
Kathmandu of Nepal has long struggled with water scarcity. The Melamchi drinking
water project, initiated 25 years ago in the connected district of Sindhupalchok, wasanticipated to alleviate Kathmandu's water shortage. However, the recently piloted
drinking water project for urban areas remains close during monsoon season.
Consequently, water scarcity and lack of clean drinking water problems have been
observed more in monsoon season in Kathmandu city. Therefore, this research tries
to explore why city people face more scarcity during monsoon season, how city
people cope with water problems, and how urban-rural coordination can bestrengthened for sustainable water service. Interview with people who are currently
facing water scarcity in Kathmandu city, the information officer of the drinking
water project, and an officer of the managing organization (KUKL) in Kathmandu
provides valuable insight to analyze the underline cause and impact of water
scarcity. In addition, research reach in conclusion that the significance of
establishing robust coordination mechanisms and reinforcing existing linkages
between urban and rural regions became evident. These mechanisms are pivotal in
addressing the water demands of both sectors sustainably.
The value of this paper is not only to contribute to one single place of a single
country, instead findings of the paper also provide ideas from a new dimension, anurban-rural coordination approach for disaster risk reduction and establishingsustainable water service to achieve SDG goal 6 and to contribute for disaster
resilience. In addition, it also contributes to academia and practitioner at the policy
level to think from an urban-rural coordination approach.

Keywords
Water scarcity Urban-rural coordination, disaster resilience

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

114

DRSD-2023-027

A Proposed Method for Assessing
Household Level Vulnerability to
Urban Heat: A Case Study on
Informal Settlements in Bangkok
Theint Yee Soe, Indrajit Pal, Iftekhar Ahmed
Correspondence: st122835@ait.asia

Abstract
Assessing vulnerability at the household level to urban heat is one of theimportant processes toward understanding the current challenges on heatrelated health issues, limitations in local level disaster response, and potential
future risk of the community, especially in informal settlements. This can guidethe development of local level urban heat risk reduction plans and integrate incurrent policies and strategies regarding housing, climate and disaster risk.
People in informal settlements are involved in the vital role of the country’s
economy and social cohesiveness. By measuring the vulnerability, the local
level can be prepared with proper planning based on the method proposed inthis paper. In addition, the influencing factors that inhibit resilience of urban
poor communities are highlighted here. The method proposed here can serve
as a foundation for the establishment of an urban heat effect assessment planand housing policy, thereby building disaster resilience of informal
settlements.

Keywords
Adaptive strategies; Bangkok; Informal settlements; Urban heat;
Vulnerability.

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

115

DRSD-2023-040

Multi-Layered Traditional Flood andDebris Flow Prevention andPreparedness: A Case Study from
Arakawa Village, Japan
Chiho Ochiai
Correspondence: ochiai.chiho.2x@kyoto-u.ac.jp

Abstract
The Arakawa area, in Shiga Prefecture of Japan, is located between the foot of the
1,000-meter-high Mt. Hira to the west and Lake Biwa to the east. The foot of Mt. Hiraregion was once known as a granite mining quarry area, and the region has
suffered from debris flow and flood damage. The study aims to identify and reevaluate the traditional prevention and preparedness efforts and local knowledgeof communities coping with disasters. The survey was conducted at levees along
the Ohtani River. It included reviews of historical records such as old documents
and cadastral maps stored in the community center, measurement surveys of thelevees, and interviews with local residents.
The study found that both tangible and intangible disaster countermeasuresexisted in the Arakawa area. Some levees were built with masonry techniques fromthe Edo period, and others with modern masonry techniques after a destructive
flood in 1935. Conservation forests were established between the levees and thevillage, with a dry stone wild boar defense that surrounded the village, forming athreefold defense. In addition, a shrine has been dedicated at the site where thelevee is to be breached, and local residents hold a festival there every year. In thepast, people prepared tools for transporting earth, sand, and stones, and checked
each other to ensure tools for recovery work were ready for quick response There
was a rotating system of residents in charge of closing floodgates when rainfall was
heavy and a fixed way to ring the bell at the temple in the village to warn of thedanger of flooding. Identifying and re-evaluating the local and traditional
knowledge about disasters is expected to raise awareness of disaster in thecommunity, particularly among new residents, and promote preserving disasterremains.

Keywords
Traditional Knowledge, multi-layered prevention mechanism, flood, debris flow,
community

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

116

DRSD-2023-042

Legalizing Traditional Timber
Construction for Earthquake
Resistance: A Case Study of Japan
Jingying Wang, Edward NG, Chiho Ochiai
Correspondence: jingying@link.cuhk.edu.hk

Abstract
In recent decades, the use of traditional construction for post-disaster housing
recovery has been promoted to enhance community resilience through aparticipatory approach. Yet the lack of building regulations of traditional
construction can strongly hinder its approval from authorities and delay its
implementation. Taking Japan as a case study, this study aims to understandhow the country incrementally refined its building regulations on traditionaltimber construction, from the Meiji Era to the Great East Japan Earthquake andTsunami (1868-2011). Content analysis of the past building regulations isconducted following a chronological order, in addition to the review of relevant
English and Japanese literature. We find that disasters (mainly earthquakes
and typhoons) serve as the prominent triggers for refining the regulations. The
relatively high frequency of disasters in Japan stimulates the efforts of experts
and authorities to improve the safety of private houses built with traditionaltimber construction. However, the discourse of legalization is a non-linear
process. Although legalization of traditional timber construction in Japan isgenerally viewed as successful with enhanced earthquake resistance, we also
observe an ongoing debate that points out the misinterpretation of the
traditional construction during the process, which should be rather founded on
flexibility and ductility than rigidity and strength. Overall, legalization not only
incorporates technical considerations, but often impacted by the politicalregime and socio-economic conditions of the country. Based on the findings,
this study suggests that the current building regulations in Japan may not
represent the perfect interpretation of traditional timber construction, but it
helps its continuity and adaptation in the modernized society.

Keywords
Vernacular Architecture, Local Seismic Culture, Building Regulations,
Earthquake Resistance, Timber Frame Construction
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

117

DRSD-2023-054

Community-University Cooperation for
Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction:
A Case of Puebla, Mexico
Maria Isabel Perez, Chiho Ochiai
Correspondence: misapr96@gmail.com

Abstract
In September 2017, two strong earthquakes struck southeastern Mexico. These
events severely damaged housing in high-poverty areas, affecting people’s
livelihoods. The prevalent social vulnerabilities, the lack of preparation from local
authorities, and the logistical and infrastructure challenges for the national
programs to be appropriately managed led to the surge of local and independent
reconstruction programs managed by NGOs, civil society groups, and universities inaffected communities. This study explores the case of a post-disaster housing
reconstruction (PDHR) program in a vulnerable community in Puebla, Mexico(overseen by three main Stakeholders: a regional university, the community, and anNGO) with the purpose of understanding how PDHR efforts work in vulnerable
communities, and how the collaboration and cooperation of multiple stakeholders,
especially the role of uncommonly mentioned actors like universities, cancontribute during PDHR from a multidimensional perspective that considers social,physical and management factors. To achieve this goal, 1) official government data
and a literature review of the 2017 earthquakes in Mexico: policies, vulnerability, andgeomatics; 2) observation, photographic analysis, and semi-structured interviews
with beneficiaries, local people, university program leaders, and active participantsin the program; and 3) an architectural survey of five houses of the program wasconducted. The results show an overall positive perception of the reconstruction
program, mostly due to social factors like long-term commitment, a cooperative
community-university relationship, and the inclusion of livelihood recovery activities
that go beyond housing. However, the introduction of new construction materials
and techniques for the permanent housing units does not follow local traditions,and some logistic, budget, maintenance, and community engagement issues werereported. Overall, the possibility of including universities as active stakeholders
during PDHR and the acknowledgment of positive attributes (lacking in some NGO
programs) like long-term cooperation, local resource availability, and consistentcommunication is discussed.

Keywords
Post-disaster housing recovery, vulnerability, community-university
cooperation, Mexico, earthquake, 2017, stakeholders
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

118

DRSD-2023-060

Blue-Green-Grey- Infrastructure (BGGI)for Flood Resilient Planning: A Scoping
Study of Kochii City, Kerala, India
Archana Ashokan, Shyni Anilkumar
Correspondence: shyni@nitc.ac.in

Abstract
Kochi city has elaborate network of BGGI such as rivers, canals, wetlands, open
spaces, backwaters, green areas, parks and the like. Studies available have shownthat problems such as reclamation of wetlands, pollution leading to choking canals,
improper constructions causing siltation in backwaters, unscientific planning andmanagement of drains and the like hinder the natural flow of water, leading tointense flooding in the city. This calls for identifying the set of BGGI infrastructure
potentially contributing to flood resiliency as well as assessing their scope in flood
mitigation. The objectives are 1) to spatially map the existing BGGI 2) to criticallyassess the vulnerability pattern of the region aggravating flood risk and 3) toqualitatively analyze the performance and benefits of BGGI in the highly vulnerable
zones. The BGGI have been mapped using ArcGIS, QGIS, and Google Earth data
followed by mapping the land and built ecosystem characteristics likely tocontribute to flood vulnerability using Frequency Ratio (FR) approach. The exposure,sensitivity and adaptive capacity of the region were also assessed using physicalindicators. Using data from field survey the study analyzed the performance andbenefits of BGGI in the highly vulnerable zones through Importance Performance
Matrix Analysis( IPMA), using indicators demonstrating the typical ecosystemcharacteristics of different BGGI as well as the benefits and services they extent.
These indicators were given weightings from the expert opinion survey for
generating standardized values for the importance and the current performance.The strength and opportunities of the BGGI was analyzed using SWOT analysis
followed by consolidating their potentials andchallenges. The study identified thecritical urban infrastructures to be focused on for flood resiliency in Kochi. The
findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to prioritize the BGGI for
improvement and develop strategies for enhancing flood resiliency at site,neighborhood and city level in Kochi.

Keywords
Blue-Green-Grey- Infrastructure, Mapping , Vulnerability, Importance
Performance Matrix Analysis, Flood resiliency

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119

DRSD-2023-073

Quantitative Analysis of City-Scale GreenInfrastructure Planning for Air Quality
Improvement: A Case Study of Delhi, India
Atul Kumar, Mahua Mukherjee, Ajanta Goswami, Nishant
Saxena, Ahmad Rashiq
Correspondence: akumar5@ar.iitr.ac.in

Abstract
Rapid economic growth and unrestrained urbanization have altered land surface
qualities globally. In recent decades, this modification has caused extraordinary
anthropogenic stress on urban air quality, which has been a major issue for nations.
Target 11.6 under SDG 11 focuses explicitly on improving air quality in urban areas.
According to the Environmental Performance Report 2021, urban air pollution has
grown to be a serious environmental concern in India in recent decades. India has
made progress in SDG 11, yet air pollution and urban sustainable development need
to be addressed. Delhi has problems managing a growing population, but it also
has the capacity to sustainably handle environmental concerns like air pollution. In
this study, we took PM2.5/10 pollution as the targeted urban environmental issue tobe solved by the implementation of Green Infrastructure (GI) at the landscape levelof the local airshed scale. The study applied the multivariate statistical analysis
technique PCA to study the effect of GI on PM pollution reduction. The study findsthat the compositional characteristics of GI are more helpful in reducing PM2.5/10 atlower scales, while the configurational characteristics have a greater impact atlarger scales. The configuration of the GI landscape influences pollution dispersion,
whereas the compositional landscape promotes dry and wet deposition.
Regardless of scale, increasing greenspace percentage and edge complexity will
lower PM pollution. However, the relationship between PM pollution and thegreenspace pattern was not as straightforward as anticipated. This research is inperfect harmony with the government's strategy for reducing air pollution byfocusing on airsheds. To summarize, the outcomes of the case study are expected
to provide recommendations for cost-efficient and ecologically sustainablestrategies for GI planning.

Keywords
Delhi, FRAGSTATS, Green Infrastructure, Landscape metrics, Particulate Matter, SDG11DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

120

DRSD-2023-091

Pathways for Facilitating Voluntary
Compliance to Safe Building Codes for
Disaster Resilience: The Case of theInformal Settlements in Bangladesh
Mohammad Faruk, Ifte Ahmed, Md. Humayun Kabir
Correspondence: mfaruk@bracu.ac.bd

Abstract
Non-compliance to building codes is one of the significant causes of buildingrelated disasters in many countries. In the widespread informal building sector of
Bangladesh, compliance to building codes is generally absent or limited because ofrestricted access to the codes and little financial capacity to comply. This paper
discusses the facilitations and impediments of compliance to safe building codes
in Bangladesh for increased disaster resilience. The research undertaken issignificant for two reasons: (1) the UN Sustainable Development Goals and Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, among others, emphasize the importance ofbuilding codes; (2) disaster resilience is of high concern nationally in Bangladesh,
where safe buildings are required to protect human lives and assets.
This paper is based on the work of an international collaborative research between
Australia, Bangladesh and Nepal that has been conducted to identify pathways forfacilitating voluntary compliance to safe building codes for disaster resilience bothin Bangladesh and Nepal. Research methodology for the research included acomprehensive literature review to identify potential solutions and gaps in terms ofdisaster resilience; and semi-structured interviews that included focus group
discussions with stakeholders. The findings were analyzed to understand how
voluntary compliance to building codes might be more widely adopted to enabledisaster resilience in the informal building sector of Bangladesh. Among the key
findings, training handbook and construction manual in local language on safe
construction relevant to the informal sector has been highlighted by the
stakeholders.

Keywords
Bangladesh, Building Code, Compliance, Informal Settlement, Disaster Resilience

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121

DRSD-2023-093

Navigating Through the Power Crisis:
Assessing Sustainable Energy Resource
for Long-Term Power Outages in San
Jose, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines
Lieza Johanna Y. Rodriguez, Aldous Xavier A. Palcon, Alyanna
P. Maneja, Almira Geles L. de Mesa
Correspondence: lyrodriguez@up.edu.phAbstract
In this modern age, electricity plays a huge part in our everyday lives and isregarded as an indispensable necessity. However, in the island province ofOccidental Mindoro, a decades-long power crisis is continuously experienced
noting a worsening condition of rotational blackouts and occasional shutdowns
over the last six years. The adverse impacts of the energy crisis persistently
manifest in the social, economic, and environmental sectors, especially in the
Municipality of San Jose, which identified the current power crisis as a major
developmental constraint in its vouch for cityhood. This study analyzes the possible
alternatives to energy source, based on the municipality’s geography, climate
condition, and resources, and how this can be incorporated to their ongoing land
use planning. The potential of San Jose to establish a self-reliant energy source wasanalyzed through key informant interviews with the local government unit andrelated agencies. Suitable areas for disaster-resilient infrastructure were assessedusing GIS-based analysis. Results showed solar farms as the most feasible energy
source, which can be established in approximately 12% of the total municipal area
based on the defined technical, environmental, and economic criteria. The study
recommends implementing sustainable strategies such as crafting policies
directed towards proper land allocation and establishing suitable renewableenergy infrastructure to help address the longstanding issue of power supply in themunicipality.

Keywords
Power crisis, Sustainable energy, Disaster resilient infrastructure, GIS,
Land use planning

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122

DRSD-2023-097

A Blueprint for Climate-Resilient Urban
Flood Drainage Master Planning
Hudha Abdul Salam, Mahua Mukherjee, Brijesh Kumar Yadav,Atul Kumar, Ahmad Rashiq
Correspondence: hudhaa_salam@ar.iitr.ac.in

Abstract
Globally, the frequency of urban floods has increased because of climate changeinduced rainfall and the continuously unplanned expansion of urbanization. Further,
Unplanned and insufficient drainage capacity exacerbates the effects of urban
floods in cities. The objective of the present study is to propose an in-depth
development strategy for an Urban Flood Drainage Master Plan (UFDMP) in thecontext of climate change impact. The strategy development focused on the fourbasic principle of urban planning and designing which are, Place-making,wellbeing, legibility, and sustainability. The placemaking suggest the area-based
development of the drainage system, both qualitative and quantitative analysis will
provide a depth in designing the flood mitigating drainage. By addressing flood
risks and enhancing drainage systems, it contributes to the creation of attractive
and liveable spaces, fostering community well-being and sustainable urban
development. Finally, proposing the right of way for the flood drainage systemalong with the nature-based solutions. The study explores the data requirements,
critical approaches, planning principles, steps involved, and challenges in UFDMP
preparation. The study proposed a framework for comprehending the context andspecifications for urban drainage planning. The second section of the document
explains the methodical procedures needed to develop a UFDMP, including data
gathering, stakeholder involvement, flood modelling, infrastructure assessment,
and the creation of sustainable urban drainage systems. The study also presents acase study of developing UFDMP for the Kochi Municipal Corporation (KMC) in
Kerala India, as the city has faced frequent urban flooding recently. The concept put
forth has universal application and replicable for places with minor changes. The
approach proposed integration of scientific, community and stakeholders’engagement for a resilient and sustainable urban flood drainage system.

Keywords
Urban Flood Drainage Master Plan (UFDMP), Resilient Cities, Climate Change,
Nature-based solutions, Kochi city

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123

DRSD-2023-126
Identification and Ranking of Spatial Clusters of
Flood Prone Basic Education Facilities in the
CAMANAVA Area, Metro Manila, Philippines
Using Kernel Density Estimation Technique andAttribute Overlay Analysis
Ronnie H. Encarnacion, Dr. Dina C. Magnaye, Ms. Niña Jeselle S.
Magpile, Mr. Alvin John A. Pajo
Correspondence: rhencarnacion@up.edu.phAbstract
Identifying and prioritizing locations for neighborhood-scale flood resiliency
intervention within the network of basic education facilities (BEF) has not received
any attention in past urban planning studies involving cities in developing countries.
This analytical gap persists despite the scarce resources among growing cities
affecting their pursuit of a larger catchment-scale or city-scale interventions. The
importance of prioritizing locations for flood resiliency intervention aligns with theglobal Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 (Sustainable Cities andCommunities) and Sendai framework indicators D3 and D6 on reducing thedamage to critical infrastructure (educational facilities) and the number of
disruptions to basic education services attributed to disasters, respectively. In thiscontext, the research adopted the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) technique in
identifying BEF cluster areas as reference points to compare susceptibility based onflood exposure levels. This approach was tested within the CAMANAVA floodcatchment area in Metro Manila, Philippines. Six (6) cluster locations with high KDE
value emerged and were consequently ranked based on the overlay of two (2)flood hazard exposure factors or attributes: 1) total student population susceptible
and exposed to inundation; and 2) total count of BEF susceptible to inundation. The
cluster area with a combined high count of susceptible BEF and high exposure in
the student population is considered a top priority location for cost-efficient flood
resiliency intervention. The cluster locations with high susceptibility to floodinundation also provide planning information for local government units and theeducation department in conceptualizing and implementing alternative learning
strategies. By integrating KDE and exposure factors, the study demonstrated theimportance of spatial scale in urban planning.

Keywords
basic education, flood hazard, flood resiliency, flood susceptibility, kernel density,
overlay analysis, spatial analysis, sustainability

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124

DRSD-2023-130

A Literature Review of Water
Security Assessment Methods forPlanning Critical Infrastructure
Ayushi Singh, Anjana Bhagyanathan, Sanil Kumar
Correspondence: sanil@nitc.ac.in

Abstract
Water security (WS) is a critical global issue that has become increasingly
important in recent years. Numerous water security assessment systems havebeen developed worldwide, but there is a lack of comprehensive study that
documents and summarises the published literature on the development ofassessment systems specifically for water security assessment. To address
this research gap, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to examine trends inpublications related to WS assessment. The R-package tool ‘bibliometrix’ wasused to extract and transform data into visual formats. Scopus database wasused to identify relevant articles which were analysed and presented various
aspects such as annual publication trends, author contributions, citation
counts, popular keywords, and trending scientific journals. A comprehensive
review of 72 metrics (resource-based) used for water security assessment was
conducted. It was focused on metrics that assess the availability of freshwaterand the security of water resources. The arguments and approaches used todevelop these metrics were compared, recognizing the importance ofconsidering the interconnectedness of different water domains while
acknowledging the challenges associated with their aggregation formeasurement purposes. This study contributes to the existing knowledge on
WS assessment by providing a comprehensive review of the relevant literature.
The findings from analysis can serve as valuable insights for the developmentof future assessment systems aimed at measuring water security andplanning critical infrastructure.

Keywords
Bibliometrix, Literature review, Water Security assessment, index,
water security tools.

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125

DRSD-2023-143

Experiences of Environmental
Change: An Intergenerational
Research in the Mekong Delta
Huynh My Linh, Tanh T.N. Nguyen, Lan Nguyen
Correspondence: huynhmylinh15122000@gmail.com

Abstract
Indigenous experience is valuable to assess Delta’s changes. Thus, thisintergenerational research aims to record and communicate the knowledge,
experiences and ideas of women and men living in delta regions to support more
inclusive and sustainable delta futures. We carried out this research in An Giang
Province in the Mekong Delta region. Focus groups are Cham and Kinh
communities. In each community, we listened and learned the experiences ofyoung and older people to understand:
1. Experiences of environmental change from the past to more recent times
2. How people have responded to environmental change
3. How people work together to support each other and their environment, and any
examples of community-led action
4. Relationships between culture and environment
5. How are people connected to their environment (livelihoods; history; culture;leisure)6. People’s hopes, concerns and ideas for the future
We used audio recorders to capture interviews and cameras to document
important locations, activities, and interviewees, which consist of creating timelines
and community histories, recording oral histories, and making and discussing
maps. As a result, we gained diverse perspectives on environmental change acrossgenerations within the community. Specifically, in comparison to young people,
older individuals possess a broader perspective on environmental changes fromthe past to the present. Some of the young tend to be less concerned about
environmental changes than their older counterparts. The research results aim toshed light on the issue of environmental change, raising awareness and promoting
collaborative action across generations for environmental protection.

Keywords
Environmental changes, intergenerational research, generations, community.

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126

DRSD-2023-151

Case Study: Seismic Risk
Assessment of Existing Essential
Building Structure in Karachi
Muhammad Hammad, Aslam Faqeer Mohammad,
Zulakha Rasheed
Correspondence: hammadriazuddin@gmail.com

Abstract
Ensuring the resilience of critical infrastructure in the face of seismic hazards isof paramount importance, particularly when it comes to essential facility
structures. The potential damage to these buildings can result in a significant
loss of human life. The primary performance objective in this context is toachieve Immediate Occupancy and employ effective evaluation methods. The
evaluation process should encompass both preliminary visual screening and acomprehensive assessment of the building, adhering to the Tier-based
approach outlined in ASCE 41-17/FEMA-356. This study includes the assessmentof structural element performance of an essential building structure from
Karachi, Pakistan, by assessing building vulnerability using both linear andnon-linear (i.e., Capacity Spectrum method) analyses as part of the detailed
evaluation. The detailed analysis results have revealed the presence of mass
irregularity in the structure. However, the assessment of material non-linearity
within structural elements ensures the performance remains within thetargeted objective level, i.e., Immediate Occupancy, assuring the building's
structural capacity to exhibit resilience against seismic hazards. To assess thepotential damage from seismic hazards, the study also involves thegeneration of Fragility Functions in accordance with HAZUS MH MR4 guidelines.
These functions serve to estimate the extent of damage that may occur undervarying levels of seismic intensity and across different return periods.

Keywords
Seismic evaluation, RC building, Pushover analysis, Fragility functions,
Essential Structure

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127

DRSD-2023-152

Critical InfrastructureInterdependency Analysis: Identifying
Inter-Sectoral Linkages in Bangladesh
Anil Kumar, Indrajit Pal
Correspondence: anil.uasd@gmail.com

Abstract
In the contemporary global landscape, critical infrastructure systems are integral to
the functioning of nations, and the interdependencies between these systems havegarnered significant attention from scholars, policymakers, and practitioners. As
nations around the world face increasing vulnerabilities to natural and man-madedisasters, understanding the interdependencies among critical infrastructure
sectors becomes imperative for effective resilience planning. This paper presents acomprehensive analysis of critical infrastructure interdependencies in Bangladesh,with a specific focus on the energy sector. Bangladesh, a densely populated anddisaster-prone country, relies heavily on a complex network of critical infrastructure
to sustain its socio-economic growth. In this study, we employ a combination ofqualitative and quantitative methodologies to evaluate the intricate relationships
and linkages between the energy sector and the other thirteen identified key
sectors, such as transportation, water supply, telecommunications, and more. The
findings from this study shed light on the key vulnerabilities within the criticalinfrastructure network of Bangladesh, highlighting potential weak points and areas
in need of prioritized investment for increased resilience. This article explores theimplications of these interdependencies on the energy sector's resilience andprovides recommendations for enhancing its robustness in the face of various
stressors. It provides a foundation for informed decision-making and policy
formulation to enhance the sustainability and security of critical infrastructure
systems in Bangladesh and offers a roadmap for other countries with similar
challenges. Additionally, the research provides valuable insights for policymakers
and emergency management authorities to develop targeted strategies fordisaster response and recovery planning, emphasizing the importance of
safeguarding the energy sector as a linchpin for overall infrastructure resilience.

Keywords
Critical Infrastructure, Interdependency, Energy Sector, Bangladesh, Resilience

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128

DRSD-2023-156

Enhancing the Communication andElectricity Lifelines for Response to
Natural Disasters in New Zealand
Eric Sauvage, Richard Mowll, Nirmal Nair
Correspondence: esau242@aucklanduni.ac.nz

Abstract
Telecommunications and electricity networks are classified among lifelines
utilities and critical infrastructure systems. Such systems provide services thatare essential to the wellbeing and development of modern societies. Theirdisturbance and destruction have significant impacts which can becharacterized by the geographic area of damages, economic losses, affected
communities and speed to recover. With climate change, the increasing rate
and magnitude of natural disasters expose these critical infrastructures to ahigher risk of disruptions.
This
research
project
primarily
focusesontheresilienceof
telecommunications, considering their reliance on power supply. A systemicrisk analysis of the lifeline and a geospatial representation of its components
contribute to identify the hazards it is exposed to, its interdependencies withother critical infrastructures and potential sources of cascading failures. In thecontext of response to disaster, this is of primary importance, as
telecommunications systems provide situational awareness withincommunities, support search and rescue operations of emergency services
and help coordinating the restoration processes.

Keywords
dependencies, cascading failures, resilience attributes, response,
natural disasters

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129

DRSD-2023-159
Development of Seismic Fragility Functionsof Reinforced Concrete Low-Rise SingleHouse Buildings in Chiang Mai Using a New
Analytical Approach
Herath Mudiyanselage Nimanthie Manisha Herath, Pennung WarnitchaiCorrespondence: st122617@ait.asia

Abstract
The seismic fragility function is a seismic assessment tool that can be utilized forpost-earthquake damage estimation as well as pre-earthquake planning. In theprocess of developing fragility functions, nonlinear dynamic analysis is widely
recognized for its accuracy but is not extensively employed, primarily due to its
inherent inconveniences mainly time-consuming nature, and heavy computational
demands. The present study developed a novel analytical methodology toovercome the issues associated with nonlinear dynamic analysis. The innovative
approach utilized in this study involves Uncoupled Modal Response History Analysis(UMRHA) to obtain nonlinear responses of buildings when subjected toearthquakes. The nonlinear dynamic responses are collected using Multiple Stripe
Analysis (MSA), facilitated by the selection of ground motions through theConditional Mean Spectrum (CMS). The fitting of fragility functions is carried out
using the Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM). Numerous sources indicate that
Chiang Mai, Thailand has a high chance of being subjected to severe earthquakes
in the future, yet many of its buildings lack seismic hazard resilience. Hence, it’s
important to develop fragility functions to assess this issue. In this study, the newly
proposed methodology is applied to develop seismic fragility functions for low-rise,
unreinforced masonry infill wall single-house buildings in Chiang Mai. The study
focuses on the smallest building category, reinforced concrete low-rise single
houses, as these structures are often not designed to address seismic risks.
The research involved completing 1400 uncoupled modal response analyses withina mere six days, along with 36 nonlinear time history analyses within five days tovalidate the results obtained from UMRHA. The study's findings affirm that the
proposed methodology offers a convenient, cost-effective, and practicalalternative to traditional nonlinear dynamic analysis in order to generate fragility
functions for any type of reinforced concrete building.

Keywords
reinforced concrete, seismic fragility functions, uncoupled modal response history
analysis, conditional mean spectrum, multiple stripe analysis
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130

DRSD-2023-181
Exploring the Effects of Different Construction
Standards in Fulfilling the Requirements of
Building Codes: Towards Resilient
Infrastructure Facilities
Jungang Luo, Djoen San Santoso, Rui Zhang
Correspondence: st121602@ait.ac.th

Abstract
The intricacies of contemporary construction standards underscore the challenges
encountered in emergency and resilience management. Diverse techniques havebeen embraced in developing countries following different construction standards,
resulting in the existence of varying building codes. Construction standards orcodes serve as the backbone of the construction of any facility. The standards act
as the cornerstone of construction methodologies to make sure the materials andprocedures follow minimum technical requirements in the execution. Building
codes, on the other hand, provide a structured approach to guaranteeing thesafety and enduring nature of constructions. The pivotal responsibility ofemergency managers and community leaders lies in the adoption, application, andstrict enforcement of the most recent building codes. Upholding these standards is
not a mere bureaucratic formality; instead, it stands as a proactive initiative crucial
for safeguarding lives and properties during and after calamities. Therefore, thebuilding codes focus more on providing minimum standards in measurements,
spaces, and attributes in the design of the facility.
The construction standards and building codes should be an integrated part of
supporting resilient and sustainable infrastructure as the resilience of the facility
does not depend only on the sufficiency of space and size in the design but also on
the quality of materials and the procedure of the execution. With the existence ofmany construction standards, it would be interesting to explore how thesestandards influence the building codes of the country adopting the standards indealing with the resilience of the infrastructure, which is the aim of this study. Issues
with different construction standards in the execution of construction projects in
Thailand are presented, and reflection and exploration on how the standards affectthe coherence of building codes and resilience of the infrastructure are discussed.

Keywords
Construction Standards, Building Codes, Resilient Infrastructure, Quality Assurance,
Emergency Management

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131

DRSD-2023-182

A Comprehensive Review of Local-Level
Structural Damage Evaluation in
Reinforced Concrete Structures Using
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis
Sajedur Rahman, Chaitanya Krishna
Correspondence: st123223@ait.asia

Abstract
Existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures in Old Dhaka, Bangladesh need to beassessed for structural damage to enhance building resilience. Traditional damage
index studies calculate damage parameters on a global basis using section forcesand displacements replacing the stress and strain, without considering the detailsof local member damage. This is not suitable for the RC structures of Old Dhaka, as
they may exhibit high levels of nonlinearity due to factors such as poor engineering
practices and dilapidated conditions. Therefore, a new damage index is needed tocapture the nonlinear damage behavior at the element level, to provide a more
complete assessment of damage using the full range of analysis results. This study
proposes a new damage index method recently developed by the Japan Society of
Civil Engineers (JSCE) for calculating the damage index of the structuralcomponents of existing RC structures based on several ground motions using
incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) for local site conditions. The nonlinear finite
element analysis is carried out and the damage index is identified at the elementlevel. This can contribute to predicting the progressive damage and help identify
the critical sections in the structure. The previous literature will be discussed here
which has shown a significant relation between the new damage index and loaddisplacement behavior in different small-scale numerical studies, which supports
its validity. Furthermore, this study will propose a method to validate the new
damage index with a frame structure that has been analyzed for crack propagation
by experimental works from the literature. The study will contribute to thedevelopment of strategies for mitigating the impact of earthquakes, both by
reducing seismic hazards and their potential consequences, which contribute toresilient critical infrastructure and the built environment.

Keywords
Damage Index, Seismic Hazards, Building Resilience, Nonlinear Finite Element
Analysis, Stress-Strain

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132

DRSD-2023-185
An Assessment of the Smart Resilient
Development Scheme for Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management: The Case of Barangay Rizal,
Makati City, Metro Manila, Philippines
Nguyen Trong Hieu, Dina Cartagena Magnaye
Correspondence: dcmagnaye@up.edu.phAbstract
Sustainable Development Goal 11 strives to make cities and human settlements
inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. Urban development becomes essential inachieving this goal since it envisions creating a livable, smart, green, andsustainable community and addressing the poor’s exposure to vulnerabilities. As afirst-class and highly urbanized locality, Makati City has been Metro Manila’s
financial and central business district (CBD) since the 1970s. Nevertheless, efforts torecognize risks, as well as mitigate and prevent natural hazards no longer sufficegiven that there are more than 7,000 informal settler households in Makati, with
Barangay Rizal proving to be the most susceptible to disasters. Through exploratory
and non-experimental research design (experimental and control group), fourthematic areas were examined to determine the entry points in establishing smart
resilient city development schemes to include socio-economic, built environment,
technology, and institutions. A total of 176 households served as respondents fromformal and informal settlements in the selected built-up living environment.
For a smart resilient Makati City, the implementing strategies follow a nine-stepprocess to mainstream disaster risk reduction and management-climate change
adaptation (DRRM-CCA) into the mandated plans - Comprehensive Land Use Plan
and Comprehensive Development Plan. The four thematic areas provided basis fordeveloping monitoring and evaluation framework with each thematic area
composed of the Smart Resilient Performing Indicators (SRPI). The essential tools formonitoring and implementing smart resilient Makati City are the Community
Disaster Resilience Index and SRPIs. The smart resilient development scheme isrecommended to be carried out in different dimensions such as prevention,
preparedness, response, and recovery and rehabilitation. It should also be
mainstreamed into local plans, pre-DRRM plan, DRRM plan, and Crisis Management
Framework and Emergency Plan of Barangay Rizal.

Keywords
smart resilient city, disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation,
sustainable development, resilient development scheme
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133

DRSD-2023-193

From Disaster Risk to Ecotourism: The
Youth Movement of Ampiang Parak
Coastal Village, West Sumatera, Indonesia
Rudi Febriamansyah, Hery Bachrizal Tanjung, Sirajul Fuad Zis, Yonariza
Correspondence: r_febriamansyah@agr.unand.ac.id

Abstract
The 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh, followed by the 2009 earthquake in
Padang, have made an impression on all Indonesian society in general andthe people of the west coast of Sumatra island in particular. The possibility of alarge earthquake (megathrust), which is the result of the collision of the IndoAustralian Plate under the Sunda (Eurosian) Plate, which continues to moveand press at an average speed of 5.7 cm per year in the Mentawai Islands sea
area is predicted to be accompanied by large scale tsunami waves that will
hit the west coast of West Sumatra province in particular. The tsunami waves
are expected to move very fast, reaching 600-800 km per hour, with wave
heights reaching 20 m. Predictions of the possibility of this disaster are widely
known by all levels of West Sumatra society, including people living in the
coastal area. The possibility of this threat of disaster has driven the role ofyouth in one of the Nagari in the southernmost district. That is Nagari (village)of Ampiang Parak in the District of Pesisir Selatan. Initially, the settlement
conditions on this coastal Nagari were very open, with a wide and barren
beach without any trees. A group of youths led by a young man named HRD
realized that the Nagari residential area where they lived was at high risk of atsunami disaster. Therefore, starting in 2013, they took the initiative to plant sea
pine trees, the seeds of which were requested from the relevant government
agencies, in relatively small quantities. This paper will explore the chronologicalactivities of this youth group to protect their village from the threat of atsunami. Up to now, they have already planted sea pine trees and mangroves
about 2.7Km long and 300m wide, and also created a turtle conservation parkthat also attracts foreign tourists by involving the CSR from PLN (National
Electric Company) and foreign NGO (ASB).

Keywords
Disaster Risk, Tsunami, ecotourism, turtle conservation, West Sumatera

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

134

DRSD-2023-201

Risk Analysis of Failure in the PostEarthquake Disaster Evacuation
Process in Padang City
Bayu Martanto Adji, Bambang Istijono, Prof. Abdul Hakam, Taufika
Ophiyandri, Masrilayanti, Suhana Koting, Wenny Hendiarti
Correspondence: bistijono@eng.unand.ac.id

Abstract
During an earthquake which can triggered tsunami disaster in the coastal city ofPadang, the evacuation process is a crucial step in saving lives and reducing thelosses incurred. However, the evacuation process often fails, which can severely
impact disaster victims. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the failures in the
post-earthquake evacuation process in the coastal city of Padang. This study
conducts a risk analysis of failure in the post-earthquake disaster evacuation. The
sampling method used is purposive sampling which involved 20 respondents. The
parameters (Risk Event) examined in this study are Road Infrastructure, Traffic
Conditions, Community Behavior during the evacuation process, Policies, andinformation. The method used in data analysis is Failure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA). A Likert scale of 1-5 was used to assess the impact of failure, frequency, anddetection level of the Risk event studied. Community behavior in the evacuation
process has the most significant impact on failure in the evacuation process(average 4.25) while the road infrastructure used has the most negligible impact on
the failure of the evacuation process (average 2.23). The highest frequency ofoccurrence is the road infrastructure parameter (3.90), and the lowest frequency ispolicy (2.24). The lowest detection level is traffic conditions (2.65), while the highest
is road infrastructure (4.01). In general, the cause of failure in the evacuation
process is community behavior in the evacuation process (3.85). The Padang City
government has issued several policies to overcome the failure in the postearthquake disaster evacuation process, such as the designated safe areas fromtsunami, evacuation routes, evacuation direction signs, shelters, and simulations.
The biggest obstacle in this evacuation process is community behavior.

Keywords
Risk Analysis, Evacuation, Earthquake Disaster, Risk event, Failure Mode andEffects Analysis (FMEA)DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

135

DRSD-2023-210
Evaluating the Efficacy of Sustainable
Transportation Policies in Mitigating Climate
Change in Metro Manila, Philippines: The Public
Utility Vehicle Modernization Program
Hannah Barbara Gonzalez, Tabassam Raza, Hannah Barbara Gonzalez,
Maria Belen Vasquez Cresp, Carmelita R.E.U. Liwag, Zuhura Mtoi
Kanyawanah, Dayanara Bermudez, Bassam Mohammed Zainudeen,
Mark Anthony M Morales, Dina C. Magnaye
Correspondence: hanster91@yahoo.com

Abstract
Transportation is a pivotal component of urban areas, and its impact on climatechange is profound. As cities grapple with mounting challenges related toenvironmental sustainability, the adoption of sustainable transportation modes
takes center stage. In this context, the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program(PUVMP) in Metro Manila, Philippines, stands out as a noteworthy initiative
dedicated to mitigating climate change by modernizing public transportation
systems. This study is designed to assess the PUVMP's effectiveness in achieving its
objectives and its contribution to sustainable transportation within Metro Manila. To
accomplish this, our research adopts a qualitative approach, with an emphasis on
an extensive review of pertinent literature as the primary methodology. The
literature review entails a systematic and thorough examination of policy
documents, reports, and academic articles to gain insights into the policy
landscape, strategies for policy development and implementation. We evaluate
how sustainable transportation policies address climate change impact in Metro
Manila. The research scrutinizes the strengths and weaknesses of these policies,
identifies implementation gaps, and delves into the challenges encountered in
attaining policy objectives. Our research aims to formulate innovative
recommendations that can guide policymakers and stakeholders in enhancing theefficacy of sustainable transportation policies within the region to present acompelling narrative that offers actionable strategies for advancing sustainabletransportation policies in Metro Manila. Consequently, this research serves as afoundation for reflecting on existing policies and informing optimal strategies tofacilitate the successful implementation of sustainable transportation modes in the
future.

Keywords
Sustainable Transportation, Transportation Policy, Mitigating Climate Change,
Metro Manila, Public Utility Vehicle
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136

DRSD-2023-211

Seismic Vulnerability Assessmentof SMAN 1 High School Building in
Padang City, Indonesia
Fauzan, Rina Yuliet, Geby Aryo Agista, Zev Al Jauhari
Correspondence: fauzan@eng.unand.ac.id

Abstract
The SMAN 1 high school building is an educational facility building located in
Padang City, a high seismic zone in Indonesia with a relatively high peakground acceleration of 0.6-0.7g. The school building built in 2010, is made of asteel-concrete composite structure, which is designed using the oldIndonesian seismic code (SNI 1726:2002) and structural steel building code (SNI
1729:2002), so it should be evaluated using the current Indonesian building
codes. A structural analysis was carried out using dynamic seismic analysis
based on the current seismic code (SNI 1726:2019) and structural steel buildingcode (SNI 1729:2020) to investigate the capacity of the building to resist
working loads including the seismic load. In this study, the structural fragility
curve of the building is also developed for earthquake loads. The fragility curveis determined from the maximum displacement of the existing building foreach variation of earthquake acceleration using non-linear time history
dynamic response analysis, which was scaled using the Incremental Dynamic
Analysis method and damage limit using ATC-40. The earthquake
acceleration records used were the Chichi earthquake, Kobe earthquake, andSuperstition Hills earthquake. The results of the analysis show that the building
does not have enough capacity to resist the working loads, especially onbuilding structural elements and the inter-story drift. Based on the developed
fragility curve, the school building has a probability sequentially, namely 100%slight and moderate damages in an earthquake at PGA 0.25 g, extensive
damage at PGA 0.4 g, and complete damage during an earthquake at PGA
0.75 g.

Keywords
Seismic Vulnerability, School building, Steel structure, Assessment,
Fragility Curves

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137

DRSD-2023-214
Evaluating Sustainable Surface Water
Availability in Lahore City: Factors of
Climate Change and Transboundary
Diversions Taken into Account
Carmelita R.E.U. Liwag, Tabassam Raza, Mohsin Atiq, Shaker Mayo,
Aqeel Mahmood Ahmed Qureshi, Farooq Ahmed, Roohi Naeem,
Khalid Mahmood
Correspondence: creuliwag@yahoo.com

Abstract
This research paper offers a thorough evaluation of Lahore's sustainable surface
water, considering climate change and transboundary diversions. Addressing thesechallenges necessitates a shift from groundwater to surface water sources. The firststep involves calculating gross water availability for Lahore. Additionally, assessing
future climate change impacts and transboundary interventions on surface waterflows is crucial to ensuring sustainable water availability. The findings reveal severe
stress on Lahore's water resources due to rising demand, reduced availability fromfactors like over-extraction and climate change, and significant transboundary
diversions from the Indus River System. Meanwhile, the demand for water keeps
increasing. There are substantial variations in water availability throughout the year,with higher rainwater availability during the monsoon and reliance on link canals
and river water during the non-monsoon season for urban water needs. To addressthese challenges, the study suggests diversifying urban water supply sources by
diverting water from the Chenab River through link canals in non-monsoon months.
This approach enhances water availability and groundwater replenishment. The
research provides a comprehensive analysis of Lahore's water resources,
incorporating technical tools to assess climate change and transboundary
diversions' impact. The proposed management plan offers practical solutions forwater scarcity and serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers,
and practitioners in water resource management. The study's implications extend
to regions facing similar challenges, emphasizing the importance of a holistic,
integrated approach to water resource management that considers transboundary
issues and climate change.

Keywords
Surface Water, Climate Change, Transboundary Diversion, groundwater,water resources

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138

DRSD-2023-215
Land Readjustment Approach as an Urban
Development Tool for Disaster Resilience: A
Study of Japan's Experience and Its
Applicability in the Philippines
Arlene D.R. Santiago, Maria Dulce F. Natividad, Tabassam Raza
Correspondence: adsantiago@up.edu.phAbstract
Japan exhibits characteristics of urbanization and experiences discernible effects ofnatural hazards. As an archipelago situated along the Pacific Ring of Fire, Japan
faces a heightened risk of geologic hazards, including earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, and resulting tsunamis. Additionally, the country is susceptible to hydrometeorological hazards. The escalating global temperatures have contributed tothe intensification of typhoons originating in the Pacific, leading to more frequentand severe impacts on Japan. In the midst of these challenges, Japan has
undergone a process of extensive urbanization, with an urbanization rate of 91.7% asof 2021. Notably, land readjustment has played an essential role in Japan's urban
development. Despite these vulnerabilities, Japan has distinguished itself withexceptional disaster management strategies that have garnered recognition fromnumerous nations. This research constitutes an exploratory investigation into theinterplay between land readjustment practices and disaster resilience, drawing
insights from case studies in Japan. This research employs a qualitative
methodology, focusing primarily on an in-depth investigation through Key
Informant Interview (KII) and review of relevant literature. The core discussions
within this study include the following themes: A review of the implementation ofland readjustment in Japan, an enquiry on the role of land readjustment as disasterrisk management tool within the Japanese context, and an exploration of potential
lessons that the Philippines can draw from Japan's experiences with land
readjustment, considering the shared characteristics in terms of geography,
topography, and government structure. It provides valuable insights into the realmof policy, as well as strategies for both developing and implementing policies.
Further, policy formulation can be recommended for those readjustments that are
not applicable due to lack of available policies in the Philippines context.

Keywords
land readjustment, disaster resilience, spatial planning, Japan, Philippines

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139

DRSD-2023-217
Charting Sustainable Renewable Energy
Policy and Technologies for Climate
Resilience and Sustainability in Karachi,
Pakistan's Urban Landscape
Tabassam Raza, Nisar Ahmed, Kristine F. Aspiras, Kristine F. Aspiras, Shaker
Mahmood Mayo, Aamir Shabbir, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Asad
Hussain, Muhammad Siddique, Ayesha Butt, Imtiaz Kazi, Rizwan Yousaf
Correspondence: tabassamrr@gmail.com

Abstract
As the largest coastal city in Pakistan, Karachi faces an array of climate-related
challenges, from heatwaves to rising sea levels and extreme weather events. One ofthe primary culprits behind climate change is the heavy reliance on fossil fuels,
accounting for 57.7% of Pakistan's total energy production, primarily through naturalgas, coal, and furnace oil. Presently, Karachi's peak electricity demand hovers
around 3300 MW, with the sole operational wind power project in proximity being
the Zorlu Energy Wind Power Project, generating a modest 54 MW. Renewableenergy technologies, renowned for their sustainable characteristics, assume apivotal role in bolstering urban sustainability and combating climate change,
especially in highly vulnerable urban areas like Karachi. Yet, Karachi remains
contingent on national-level policies for renewable energy initiatives. In light of thepressing need to address climate change and its repercussions, a transition
towards sustainable renewable energy technologies is imperative. This study aims
to comprehensively assess various forms of renewable energy technologies, theirinteractions with climate change, and their adaptive and mitigating potential insafeguarding urban sustainability within Karachi. The research primarily relies on
qualitative data collection through an extensive process of internal, external, andonline desk research. It identifies solar, wind, and biomass technologies as essential
tools for adapting to and mitigating urban climate change impacts in Karachi.
Furthermore, it underscores Karachi's current reliance on national renewableenergy policies, with a notable absence of localized initiatives aimed at supportingthe city's growing urban population. To effectively address urban sustainability andclimate change challenges, the Karachi government should prioritize a review ofenergy policies and commit to the utilization of sustainable renewable energy
technologies at the municipal level.

Keywords
Renewable Energy, Climate Resilience, Urban Landscape, Sustainability,
Coastal City
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140

E

ABSTRACT LIST
THEMATIC AREA : E
Risk Reduction, Governanceand Development

DRSD-2023-010
Disaster Risk Governance Initiatives for Achieving
Sustainable Development Goals in India: Efficient
Incident Response System, Crisis Managementand Emergency Response Mechanisms
Mulam Bhaskara Rao
Correspondence: prof.mbrao@rguktrkv.ac.in

Abstract
Efficient management of disasters has received increased attention globally and itis acknowledged that one of the key indicators of Good Governance is effective
management of disasters. Disasters have an adverse impact on development asthey cause severe damage to the economy and the society. Losses from disasters
reduce the pace of sustained economic development. Development cannot besustained without integrating the disaster risk reduction with the development
process. Sustainable Development Goals cannot be achieved without addressing
Disaster Risk Governance. The Sendai Framework and the Sustainable Development
Goals highlight the need to protect hard-earned development gains from disasterrisks and seek to build sustainability through risk-informed development which isgreatly influenced by functioning of disaster risk governance.
In view of high vulnerability of India to all types of disasters, crisis management andemergency response was given top most priority by the policy makers and policy
implementers in India. The government of India strives to promote a national
resolve to mitigate the damage and destruction caused by all disasters, throughsustained collective efforts and promoting resilience by effectively mitigating andmanaging disaster risks. Realizing the importance of ensuring efficient response
during disasters, the NDMA, GoI had issued Guidelines on Incident Response Systemfor efficient management of disasters in India. The IRS incorporates all the duties
that may be performed in case of any disaster event, envisaging a complete teamto attend to all possible requirements during crisis situations. This paper briefly
discusses various issues related to disaster risk governance, current Government
policies, programs and mechanisms in India, IRS for Emergency Response and Crisis
Management and several initiatives taken by the Governments for an effective
Disaster Risk Governance and achieving Sustainable Development Goals in India.

Keywords
Incident Response System, Crisis Management, Emergency Response,
Disaster Risk Reduction, SFDRR and Sustainable Development Goals

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142

DRSD-2023-015

A Comprehensive Methodology for
the Post-Disaster Damages,
Losses, and Need Assessment
Sasmita Behera, Amarendra Das
Correspondence: sasmita.behera@niser.ac.in

Abstract
The frequent occurrence of Natural Disasters in every part of the world has
made it necessary to devise a comprehensive Post-Disaster Damages, Losses,
and Need Assessment Methodology. The methodologies of OECD and NIDM
have several limitations and do not reflect the actual social cost of a natural
disaster. The need for a comprehensive methodology to assess the damages,
losses, and need are three-fold: (i) to assess the total damages and losses
due to natural disaster, (ii) to assess the financial needs for building backbetter infrastructure, (iii) to provide compensation to the actual sufferers andto demand financial assistance by the State government from the Central
government or international bodies. This paper critically reviews the existing
methodologies for estimating the damages, losses, and needs due to natural
disasters. We have also done a case study of the Puri District of Odisha, India,
which was severely impacted due to the very severe cyclone ‘FANI’ in May 2019,to assess the limitations in the methodologies. Based on the review ofmethodologies and case studies, we propose corrections to the existing
methodologies for assessing the damages, losses, and post-disaster needs.
The paper draws enormous significance in the context of the agreement of
COP 27 to set up a Loss and Damage fund for mitigating the effects of natural
disasters.

Keywords
Natural Disaster, Damage, Loss, Need, Assessment, PDNA, Recovery needs

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

143

DRSD-2023-024

Quantifying Non-Economic Loss andDamage: A Comprehensive Review andCompilation of NELD Indicators forMulti-Hazard Disasters
Sakshi Goyal, Mahua Mukherjee, Sudip Roy
Correspondence: sakshi_g@dm.iitr.ac.in

Abstract
Loss and damage (L&D) is understood as the detrimental effects and negative
consequences resulting from disaster events due to climate change, mainly
reported as a ‘residual risk’. Estimating L&D provides crucial information in the postdisaster recovery process and effective decision-making for sustainable
development. L&D is categorized into two; economic loss and damage (ELD)
focuses on the L&D of resources, goods, and services that are traded in the market;
while non-economic loss and damage (NELD) focus on the L&D that impacts theindividuals, society, and environment like migration, loss of life, loss of geographicalboundary, loss of ecosystem services, etc. ELD databases have been collected andmonitored for years, but the impact of NELD remains unreported as it is difficult to
calculate. The study addresses the importance of the inclusion and quantificationof NELD in the overall estimation of L&D, as their effect on human welfare is muchhigher, but due to its negligence, it is assumed to be a null factor. The primaryobjective of this study is to critically analyze existing methodologies andframeworks for assessing NELD in the context of multi-hazard disasters. A detailed
desktop research is conducted to identify strengths, limitations, and gaps in current
approaches to NELD quantification, with a focus on their applicability to diverse
settings and disaster types. The second objective of the study delves into thecompilation of NELD indicators for multi-hazard disasters based on the existing
literature. The comprehensive indicator set will contribute to the evolving discourse
on NELD quantification and provide a valuable resource for policymakers,
researchers, and practitioners engaged in disaster risk reduction and climate
adaptation efforts. The study further contributes to enhance our understanding of
the true costs of multi-hazard disasters and facilitate more effective risk
management and recovery strategies.

Keywords
Loss and Damage, Non-Economic Loss and damage Estimation, Multi-Hazard
Disaster, Comprehensive Review, Desktop Research

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144

DRSD-2023-025

Adaptation to Natural Disasters
by Households in India: A Panel
Data Analysis
Rupali Tamuly, Pranab Mukhopadhyay
Correspondence: economics.rupali@unigoa.ac.in

Abstract
Background: Household welfare depends on the inter-temporal adjustments in
consumption and asset-holding decisions by households. In areas impacted bynatural disasters, households undertake adaptation measures to build resilience.
However, more affluent households would differ in their responses compared topoorer households. Climate change is expected to impact countries like India
adversely. Institutions and public policy will play an important role in adaptation
and building resilience among the poor. Method: We use the India Human
Development Survey over two waves (2004-05 and 2011-12) at the household levelto examine how natural disasters have affected different quintile population
cohorts. This dataset has been widely used for different kinds of studies. We
innovate in multiple ways. First, we combine the household and village schedules,
which is uncommon in using this dataset. Secondly, we use difference in differenceswith natural disasters as cumulative treatment. Thirdly, we use adjusted
consumption as an indicator of welfare after accounting for medical expenditure,
which is uncommon in the disaster literature. Findings: All consumption quintiles
increase their assets as the disasters increase. Poor households achieve this by
reducing consumption. Confidence in institutions plays an important role indecisions to accumulate assets. Health insurance has a positive impact on assets
as well as consumption. Conclusion and Discussion: Households' resilience andadaptive capacity would depend on their asset status. Poorer households needsupport to build their asset base, especially by expanding insurance. Even
community-based assets could help overcome consumption variation during
natural disasters. Our findings would help in devising regional development policies
across different socio-economic cohorts. This is particularly relevant to reducing
vulnerability in the context of climate change.

Keywords
Natural disasters, Expenditure adjusted for health expenditure, Net
consumption, Assets, Distributional impacts, Social capital

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145

DRSD-2023-036

Policy Learning in Urban Resilience:
The 100 Resilient Cities Network
Pallavi Rachel George
Correspondence: phd21pallavig@iima.ac.in

Abstract
Facing climate change-related shocks and stresses, resilience has become acritical policy goal for cities in the 21st century. Transnational municipal networks,
such as the 100 Resilient Cities initiative, play a pivotal role in facilitating the sharingof best practices regarding urban resilience across member cities along various
dimensions of resilience, such as infrastructure, environment, leadership, economy,
and society. However, the patterns of such policy learning are often hidden, making
it difficult to identify who is learning from whom. This paper illuminates the networkof policy learning among member cities of the 100 Resilient Cities initiative of theRockefeller Foundation using social network analysis and negative binomial
regression models, based on data collected from the resilience strategy documentsof member cities. The core of the coded network of 97 nodes and 781 directed links
across four policy dimensions of 100 Resilient Cities (Infrastructure and Environment,
Economy and Society, Leadership and Strategy, Health and Wellbeing) was formedby cities from high-income and upper-middle income countries. Results using theExponential Random Graph Model (ERGM) revealed the presence of homophily i.e.,
the tendency for cities with similar attributes to form ties, along variables such as
the membership entry phase, geographical features (coastal or non-coastal city),and shared membership in the C40 initiative. High-income member cities from
Europe, Oceania, North America, and South America were more likely to be rolemodel cities. Rotterdam was the most referred city, particularly for policies related
to Infrastructure and Environment. The regression analysis also revealed the overallsignificance of income levels and early membership on the frequency of beingreferred to as an inspiration in the network, with other variables such as city
population, city size, and C40 membership additionally influencing Leadership andStrategy, Economy and Society, and Infrastructure and Environment-related
references respectively.

Keywords
urban resilience; policy learning; network analysis; governance; transnational
municipal networks

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146

DRSD-2023-043
Application of Educational Technologies to Assist
in Recovering Gaps in Student Learning During
Disasters: Experiences from International Schools
around Bangkok Affected from Covid-19
Shubham Pathak, Shobhit Pathak
Correspondence: shubhampathak@gmail.com

Abstractknowledge gaps among all age groups that leave long term repercussions for botheducators and students.
The Covid-19 pandemic was such a medium to long term disruptive event that
affected education systems around the globe and created an unfilled gap of a few
months of learning disruption for students of all ages. The use of technologicalenhancements in education, which are also a byproduct of the pandemic, are thebasis for this research to simultaneously identify and aim to fill the gaps createdbetween early 2020 till now. The research aims to explore, understand and analyze
the factors influencing education at the high school level. The study adopts a mixed
method approach with cognitive behaviour theory as a backdrop to analyze theexperiences of both educators and students. The data collection included fifteen
high school teachers among the international schools in Bangkok. The data
analysis involved content analysis and Strength Weaknesses, Opportunities andThreats (SWOT) analysis to provide for in-depth analysis and understanding of thegaps in the high school education sector. Major findings provide for the struggles ofthe educators to indulge and continue to provide interactive online/hybrid learning
sessions while maintaining the academic goals and interest of the students. On theother hand, external limitations like disruptive devices and internet facilities andeconomic struggles of some parents caused adverse effects of student's
education. The limitations of this study are restricted to international schools in
Bangkok due to the language barrier. The research aims to pave the way to provide
further micro-level educational studies to ensure uninterrupted or least disruptive
education for all stakeholders during future disaster events.

Keywords
Sustainable Education, Teachers, High School Students, Covid-19 pandemic,
technological enhancements in education

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

147

DRSD-2023-044

Labor Law Implications on Disaster
Vulnerable Small and Medium
Enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand
Shubham Pathak, Weerayut Lasongyang
Correspondence: shubhampathak@gmail.com

Abstract
Employment is the basic right of the citizens, migrants, refugees and all otherkinds of residents throughout the globe. International laws, economic zonation,
domestic regulations, ordinances and regional policies require be timely
reviewing and revising to provide fair opportunity to all. However, the scenarios
take an adverse turn when the disaster strikes. The government, legal systemand department framework work in close collaboration to ensure sustainabilityof the citizens. Thailand has been struggling amid various disasters in the past
while maintaining standards of employment through labor laws. However, theliterature shows several gaps in the existing labor law which inversely impact
upon the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand. The methodology
adopted for this study is qualitative methods with data collections tools
including the key informant interviews and secondary data through the online
published resources. Extensive literature review has been performed to support
the consistency in the analyzed results. The results depict inadequacies in theexisting labor law in Thailand, with reduced rights during the disasters. These
adversely impact the implemented laws such as minimum wages, equal
opportunities to work, supportive assistance from the governmental channels
and professional growth and development of the individuals. Small andMedium Enterprises (SMEs) being the majority sector providing for jobs for both
domestic and foreign population requires to be equipped with robust laborlaws. The study further provides for growth and sustainable development of
the ASEAN region as Thailand is the central hub providing job and growth
opportunities for all the member nations.

Keywords
Labor Law, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Disaster Vulnerability,
Thailand, ASEAN, Sustainable Development

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148

DRSD-2023-045

Constitutional Law Provisions
Towards Disaster Managementin Thailand
Shubham Pathak, Wachiraporn Poungjinda
Correspondence: shubhampathak@gmail.com

Abstract
Democracy involves fundamental rights, minimizing social, political andeconomic risks in accordance with the philosophy of law. The Thai
Constitutional law is the epitome of the legal framework in Thailand. It governs
all sectors including public and private and aims at ensuring fairness, justices
and implying with laws. This research explores, understands and analyzes thevarious legal implications upon the business sector in Thailand. The
methodology adopted for this research aims at exploring, understanding andanalyzing the existing legal framework which has a direct effect upon businesssector amid disasters. The data has been collected from various legal Acts,
government reports and publications. In order to support the government
data, several research and online publications have been also analyzed toreach a holistic and comprehensive theoretical model to achieve sustainable
future. The findings include the ineffective implementation of Thai laws during
disasters in the rural and remote areas, mismanagement of the businesssector resulting in several closures. The research provides for a comprehensive
discussion and recommendations to enhance sustainability in Thailand amid
disasters such as COVID-19 pandemic, floods, droughts, earthquakes andTsunami. This research could be replicated or adopted in the other developing
countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region. The
limitations of this research including the language barrier have been tackledwith official English language translations of the Thai Constitution and otherlegal documentations. The research paves way for future development andgrowth of the existing legal, business and disaster management scenarios inthe developing world.

Keywords
Constitutional Law, Business Management, Disasters, Thailand, ASEAN,
Sustainable Development

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149

DRSD-2023-051

From Crisis to Resilience: Exploring
Response Strategies Through aComparative Study of Flood Resiliencein Bangkok and the Isaan Region
Pawityada Pichaijaruveach, Andarawee Na Lampang, Rasika
Takahashi, Isareeorn Taesuwan
Correspondence: pawityada.p@sgs.tu.ac.th

Abstract
As a tropical climate country, Thailand has been grappling with the severe
impacts of floods that have damaged urban and suburban areas. Statistically,urban areas, particularly Bangkok, annually receive the highest amount of
rainfall, resulting in damage to approximately 4.38 million rai, followed by the
Isaan region, encompassing 3.69 million rai (Hydro Informatics Institute, n.d.),which constitutes suburban Thailand. On one hand, despite Bangkok's
strategic central location and the pivotal role it plays in urban expansion andeconomic opportunities, it experiences relatively short flood durations. On theother hand, Isaan, situated at a higher geographical elevation than Bangkok,
benefits from more green space and dam infrastructure. However, itconsistently suffers losses from significant annual rainfall over an extended
period.
The findings presented in this paper offer valuable insights into the context ofurban and suburban flooding, compare the strategies employed in each area,and explore tools from countries with similar contexts, such as the Netherlands.
The Netherlands, being below sea level and 26% susceptible to river flooding,serves as a model for proficient water management, making water
management a critical national security concern. Thailand can draw
inspiration from the Netherlands' success, particularly through the Delta Works
project. Most importantly, the results encompass practical recommendations
for flood-resilient development at both regional and national levels,
contributing to sustainable urban development.

Keywords
Bangkok, Isaan, Flood, Resilient Development, Strategies

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150

DRSD-2023-053

Sustainable Reconstruction andRecovery During the “Wenchuan
Earthquake in 2008” in Sichuan, China
Yuzhou Zhu
Correspondence: yuzhou.zhu@dome.tu.ac.th

Abstract
In 2008, China was facing two tremendous things, first is China becoming thehost of the Games of the XXIX Olympiad; The other was the Wenchuan
Earthquake that happened in Sichuan. This has been a celebratory yet heavy
year for the Chinese people, as we have witnessed the splendor of the
Olympics and the fragility of life. The Wenchuan Earthquake occurred at
14:28:04 Beijing time on Monday, May 12, 2008. According to the China
Earthquake Administration, the earthquake had a magnitude of 8.2 on thesurface wave scale and damaged an area of more than 100,000 square
kilometers. As of September 25, 2008, 69,227 people were killed, 17,923 people
were missing, 374,643 people were injured to varying degrees, 1993,300 people
lost their homes, and a total of 46,256,000 people were affected by theearthquake. It was the most destructive earthquake since the founding of thePeople's Republic of China, and the deadliest since the Tangshan earthquake.
Beginning with the impact of the Wenchuan Earthquake on Sichuan and China
as a whole, this paper will introduce how the government and civil society
helped rebuild the affected areas from the ruins of the Wenchuan Earthquake
through five aspects: the role of the Chinese government throughout theearthquake; the power of the military in the search and rescue operations after
the earthquake; the rescue and donations by foreign forces; and the roles ofthe people, enterprises, and the media in the earthquake. This paper also
explores the role of Chinese government in preventive drills for such events,
especially the Sichuan public's role in preventive drills for earthquake
prevention and response after the Wenchuan Earthquake.

Keywords
Earthquake, reconstruction, earthquake drill, reference, prevention

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

151

DRSD-2023-056

Drought Adaptation in Thailand:
A National Governmental
Perspective
Puvadol Doydee, Jessada TechamahasaranontCorrespondence: puvadol.d@ku.th

Abstract
This paper analyzes the national government's capacity for drought risk
adaptation in Thailand, emphasizing national laws, regulations, and insightsfrom a national expert workshop on drought risk management conducted in
February 2022. Over the past two decades, Thailand has witnessed asignificant increase in the frequency, severity, and magnitude of drought
events, largely due to natural climate variability. The effects and vulnerabilities
of drought were particularly pronounced during the periods of 2015-2016 and2019-2020. Additionally, the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) values recorded in
March 2020 ranged between 0.15 and 0.85. This paper elucidates thecomponents of drought risk adaptation and management, detailing the rolesof various ministries and departments overseeing water resources anddrought risk management in Thailand. As drought impacts span multiple
sectors, the success of national government initiatives and action planslargely depend on the coordination of national implementing agencies. It isimperative for these agencies to maintain close communication andcooperation during the execution of national strategies for drought
adaptation.

Keywords
drought risk governance, drought adaptation, drought vulnerability,
institutional responses to drought, Thailand

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

152

DRSD-2023-058

Systematic Review of Disaster
Resilience and Livelihood Frameworks
Deepak Marahatta, Hari Devkota, Shankar Tiwari
Correspondence: deepak.207730@cdrd.tu.edu.np

Abstract
Introduction: Disasters, whether natural or anthropogenic, pose an enduring global
challenge, disrupting communities and societies worldwide. In the context of hazards anddisasters, resilience focuses on a community's ability to respond positively to crises andthreats, emphasizing swift recovery and adaptability. Disaster resilience integrates
various strategies, capabilities, and systems to endure, recover, and enhance resilience
post-disaster.
Methods of Study: This systematic review employs a desk review methodology, analyzing
existing disaster resilience assessment frameworks from 2005 to 2022 that are relevant torigorous searches of academic databases and gray literature sources conducted. The
study is limited to frameworks assessing community resilience to natural and climateinduced disasters, resulting in 32 frameworks chosen.
Results and Discussion: These frameworks encompass diverse disaster types, with 50%
adopting an all-hazards approach. Indexes (53%) are most prevalent, followed by toolkits(44%) and scorecards (3%). The thematic classification of indicators reveals theprominence of social capital (84.4%) and assets, along with a strong representation of
economic (62.5%) and human capital (59.4%). Notably, environmental indicators (50%)
and political capital (43.8%) are recognized to a lesser extent. Our findings emphasize theimportance of a holistic approach to disaster resilience that considers diverse indicatorsand recognizes cultural and political contexts. While social and economic aspects arepivotal, we advocate for balanced consideration of physical infrastructure, environmental
sustainability, and cultural factors. The use of mixed methods (25%) underscores theneed for a multidisciplinary perspective in capturing resilience's complexity. Our study
identifies gaps as the disaster resilience landscape evolves and provides a foundation for
more nuanced and effective strategies for building resilient communities worldwide.
Conclusion: This systematic review offers insights into the multifaceted nature of disaster
resilience. It provides valuable guidance for future research and policy initiatives indisaster risk reduction and community resilience-building.

Keywords
disaster, framework, livelihood, resilience, sustainable

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153

DRSD-2023-074

Risk-Informed Land Use Planning forCommunity Resilience of the Municipalityof San Francisco, Quezon, Philippines
Niña Camille Cornista, Almira Geles L. de Mesa, Elizabeth C.
Bandojo, Jennalyn A. Buising, Quin Russelle L. Castro, Marissa P.
Cortez, Alyanna P. Maneja
Correspondence: ninacamillecornista@gmail.com

Abstract
Land use planning is considered one of the most effective measures to mitigate
disaster risks, especially in susceptible areas such as coastal communities. San
Francisco is primarily a coastal municipality in the Philippines and is characterized
by ragged terrain with few mountains and valleys. A study referred to as Climate
and Disaster Risk Assessment was conducted to determine the hazards andexposed elements of the municipality. The assessment concluded that San
Francisco has manageable risks when it comes to geologic hazards. However, it isprone to hydrometeorological hazards, particularly flooding, rain-induced landslide,and storm surge, mainly due to its geographic location and topography. The resultsof the risk assessment were integrated into the Comprehensive Land Use Plan, themajor plan of the municipality. Mainstreaming risk management into land use
planning enables the community to understand its existing risk situation, establish
vulnerabilities and priority decision areas, and provide informed interventions
geared towards a more resilient and sustainable land development. Using theidentified decision areas, the allocation for specific land uses is rationalized throughthe overlay of hazard maps and suitability analysis of future infrastructure projects
and land use changes. With the aim of achieving zero casualties during disasters,
the municipality is able to establish no-build zones and recognize potentiallyaffected population and structures to be relocated. Mitigating the effects of disasterrisks is also intended through ecological-based approaches and policy
implementation, specifically, through establishment of buffer zones and legal
easements, reforestation and conservation practices, and the utilization ofenvironment resources as natural protection against hazards.

Keywords
Disaster risk, Land use planning, Community resilience, Sustainable landdevelopment, Priority decision areas

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

154

DRSD-2023-079

Male Labor Migration and
Women Empowerment: A
Systematic Review
Hari Devkota, Deepak Marahatta, Shankar Tiwari
Correspondence: hari.207730@cdrd.tu.edu.np

Abstract
Development, globalization, modernization, and technological advancements aresome of the factors driving the prevalent phenomenon of migration in today's
world. In many developing countries, migration has become a common strategy forearning a livelihood. In South Asia, males dominate the migration, leaving females
as the primary breadwinners. This results in women taking on the responsibility offamily care, agriculture, and household management, which empowers them invarious ways. The review aims to determine how labor migration impacts women's
empowerment. The study used a desk review method to gather relevant literaturefrom electronic and physical libraries, focusing on scientific journals' peer-reviewed
articles. The study examined women's personnel, economic, social, and politicalempowerment due to male labor migration. It analyzed case studies from different
parts of the world and concluded that empowerment depends on remittances andincome. The study shows that male migration has increased women's participationin financial activities, access to savings and credit, improved gender-friendly tools
and technologies, better bargaining power and autonomy, social engagement, andreputation.
On the other hand, some studies show that male migration has increased thefinancial burden for women, abandonment of farming activities, and social stigmas
such as psychological problems, family destruction, and detachment. However, thestudy suggests that researchers must conduct further investigations into social andpolitical empowerment, which society usually overlooks but holds a more excellent
value in achieving sustainable development. Future studies should expressly
incorporate social and political empowerment issues to address these gaps,
particularly in male labor migration.

Keywords
empowerment, labor, migration, political, social

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

155

DRSD-2023-087

Disaster Resilience in Nepal:
An Ethical Perspective
Namita Ghimire, Prakash C Bhattarai
Correspondence: namita_devphd2023@kusoed.edu.np

Abstract
Nepal is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, facing a wide rangeof natural hazards, including earthquakes, floods, landslides, and epidemics. These
disasters can have a devastating impact on lives and livelihoods, and theydisproportionately affect the poor and marginalized. Despite the high risk ofdisasters, Nepal is not well prepared. This is due to a number of factors, including
poverty, weak governance, and a lack of investment in disaster risk reduction.
Ethical considerations are essential in all aspects of disaster resilience, including
research. Researchers have a responsibility to conduct their work in a way that does
not harm participants or communities and to ensure that the benefits of theirresearch are shared equitably. Researchers should follow the basic ethicalcomponents like autonomy, vulnerability, privacy, confidentiality, and benefit
sharing.
During and after the earthquake in Nepal from April 2015 to April 2023, a wide rangeof research has been conducted, which includes mental health, risk and resilience,child marriage, child malnutrition, women's roles and resilience, the role ofcommunity health workers, community engagement, nutritional status, quality oflife of women, injury and rehabilitation, using health technology, and promoting
collaboration and coordination.
This research will play an important role in getting the idea of research conductedduring disasters in Nepal and providing evidence-based solutions. In producing
quality information, researchers should follow and adhere to ethical principles.
However, there is still a need for improvement to strengthen ethical review
mechanisms for disaster research by organizing training and capacity building fordisaster researchers, promoting community engagement in disaster research, andregular allocation of funds for disaster research, which ensure that quality researchis being conducted and translated into practice.

Keywords
Disaster resilience, earthquakes, ethics, Nepal, research,

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

156

DRSD-2023-102

Building Resilience with Job Skills:
A Case Study of Young Craft
Producers
Richan Shrestha, Prakash C. Bhattarai
Correspondence: richa_mpds22@kusoed.edu.np

Abstract
Sustainable enterprises operate intending to be economically viable, grow, andearn a profit by considering the social aspirations of people inside and outside theorganization and the minimum effect on the natural environment. With growing
demand, increasing competition, and changing business strategies, companies
have realized the importance of balancing their economic, environmental, andsocial priorities. Despite the growing need and market for sustainable enterprises,different barriers and challenges still hold companies back in their sustainability
transformation. The challenges can be more visible in times of disaster, particularly
to organizations run by traditional and indigenous craft producers. In Nepal, eventhough such small and medium-sized enterprises are growing and making theirmark in the market, these businesses face challenges that impede their sustainablegrowth and development. One of the challenges faced by such organizations is
unskilled youth labor. This has led to the extinction of the craft sector. However, thisdimension has hardly been studied. Thus, the main objective of this study was toexplore the challenges associated with the lack of skilled youth among craftbusinesses in Kathmandu Valley, particularly in times of disaster.
To meet the objective, a case study research was carried out using in-depth
interviews among the five craft business owners in Kathmandu Valley. The findingsof this study showed that the lack of skill is a significant challenge in the craftbusiness. This became visible in the disaster when the youths could not focus on
their work, with reduced income opportunities. Consequently, there was the risk ofextinction of cultural heritage that hampered the craft business's sustainability. The
findings of this study are helpful for the policy maker to attract the youth throughproper education and training programs and hence promote craft skills in generaland during and post-disaster period in particular.

Keywords
Sustainable enterprise, Craft producer, Disaster, Youth, Nepal.

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157

DRSD-2023-108

Crises, Complexity, andCommunity: Planning for Resilience
Karl Kim
Correspondence: karlk@hawaii.edu

Abstract
Using a set of recent cases involving natural and human-caused disasters, thechallenges to resilience and sustainable development are summarized andevaluated in terms of the requirements and competencies of emergency
managers, urban planners, and others engaged in risk management and building
resilient communities. In addition to the uncertainties associated with climatechange and extreme events, the challenges of knowing when, where, and how tointervene are complicated by different conceptions of fairness, equity, and justice
as well as varying approaches to measuring success. Crises often result incompound, cascading, confusing conditions requiring robust, rapid and reliable,
accurate data and analyses to support planning, decision-making and effective
action. Processes for not just effective communications and coordination but also
conflict resolution in the field, in emergency operations centers, and acrossagencies, governments, private and non-profit sector organizations are needed.
Valuable lessons from islands and remote locations are offered because of boththe need for resilience and sustainability, but also because of the experiences andability to isolate specific factors, processes, and influences from within and outside
pertinent to research, understanding and evaluation of successes and failures.
Growing challenges with the management and use of information technologies
including social media and artificial intelligence further exacerbate the needs andcapabilities to effective respond to and recover from hazard events. Moreconcerted integration of science, social sciences and policy at various spatial
scales and between diverse sectors is needed. Island are special places,
functioning as early warning sites and locations for innovation and adaptation ofcomplex, interrelated natural and social systems. The research builds on decadesof experience researching diverse hazards and threats across underserved,
disproportionately impact island, urban and rural communities in the Asia-Pacificregion and integrating knowledge, skills and values into training, education, andcapacity-building for community stakeholders.

Keywords
Climate, Hazards, Risk Management, Social Equity, Resilience

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

158

DRSD-2023-109

Tribal Food Security Assessment
Index: A Study of Vulnerable
Indigenous People of Jharkhand, India
Harshit Sosan Lakra, Ambika Prasad Gupta, Harshit Sosan
Lakra, Parul Suraia
Correspondence: harshit.lakra@ar.iitr.ac.in

Abstract
Food security is an important issue that has been widely discussed in literature.
However, there is a lack of research on the specific food security challenges facedby tribal communities. Tribal food security refers to the ability of indigenous or tribal
communities to consistently access and afford an adequate and nutritious supplyof food. These communities often have unique cultural, social, and economic
contexts that can impact their food security. This study focuses on assessing thefood security status of major tribes, including Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups(PVTGs), in Jharkhand, India. The aim of this study is to assess the food security
status of tribes and PVTGs in Jharkhand, India. The methodology of this study
involves measuring the Food Security Index of Indigenous People by developing andredefining a new TFSI. This is done by incorporating indigenous community-levelindicators used in various Food Security Indexes. Data for this study was collected
through a primary survey conducted at the household level in Jharkhand. The
collected data is then used to calculate the Tribal Food Security Index based onaffordability, availability, quality and safety, and natural resources. This study
contributes to the literature on food security by focusing specifically on tribal
communities and developing a new TFSI. The study finds that there is a significant
change in the TFSI and a decrease in the forest dependency of tribal communities
due to the transition from rural to urban areas. The alternative methodology
adopted to measure specific community-level food security has a higher
significant impact than using commonly used indexes.

Keywords
Indigenous People, Tribal Food Security, Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups,
Jharkhand

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159

DRSD-2023-124

Analyzing Governments' Policies
on Disaster Risk Management in
the Borobudur Cultural Heritage
Region, Indonesia
Pusparini Dharma Putri, Lathifa Nursyamsu
Correspondence: pusparinidharmaput_p@cmu.ac.th

Abstract
Borobudur region is rich in cultural heritage, where their assets are more than theirthree Buddhist temples (Borobudur, Pawon, and Mendhut Temples). There are also
various traditional house settlements, and how the people interact with nature ismarvelous. That is why a lot of tourists and researchers come and go to this region,and in 2019 it was assigned as a National Tourism Strategic Area of Indonesia. As a
National Tourism Strategic Area, the governments have this area as a priority area
and all development will be implemented here as soon as possible. Their point ofview is to emphasize the tourism aspect and if good management is notestablished it will have a negative impact. As predicted, because of the unwellprepared development the negative impacts were not considered to happen. Thisis called an urban development disaster, other disasters brought negative impacts
on the Borobudur region, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods, and mostoften hurricanes. By analyzing various official documents, field observation, andconducting Focus Group Discussions with the community, governments, experts,
and researchers to find the loopholes in government action; why that can happen,and how they formulate regulations, act, and manage it. As a result, it shows thatthe government already has a strategy action for each ministry to develop
Borobudur Region, but they do not have coordination that led to ambiguity inregulations. Somehow it also found that the government tried to change theoriginal regulation to fight off their works. From another perspective, thegovernment already has a good scheme for tackling such natural disasters. With allfindings, it is acknowledged that the government should establish good
coordination between each ministry involved in Borobudur Region to fulfill theneeds of good Disaster Risk Management in this cultural heritage region of
Borobudur.

Keywords
Disaster Risk Management, sustainable development, heritage regulation,
Borobudur Cultural Heritage, Indonesia

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

160

DRSD-2023-137
Identifying Vital Spaces: Enhancing Disaster
Risk Communication to Promote CommunityBased Disaster Risk Management in
Panggarangan Village, Indonesia
Sylviana Mirahayu Ifani, Hedista Rani Pranata, Irwan Fakhruddin
Correspondence: sylviana.mirahayu@umn.ac.id

Abstract
As a country highly vulnerable to natural hazards, Indonesia has 5,744 tsunamiprone villages, of which only nine have received the Intergovernmental
Oceanographic Commission (IOC-UNESCO) tsunami-ready recognition. Amongthese nine villages, Panggarangan is the sole village whose disaster awarenessinitiative comes from the grassroots community. Situated above the IndoAustralian subduction zone, Panggarangan is located on the southern coast of
Lebak Regency, facing directly to the Indian Ocean. Based on the tsunami modelingin Panggarangan, with worst-case scenario M8.7, the potential height of tsunami
waves on shore can reach 30 meters and 6-14 meters depth of tsunami inundation.
The presence of a local civil society organization, the Gugus Mitigasi Lebak Selatan(GMLS), is considered unique in Panggarangan Village. GMLS served as initiator andliaison between stakeholders in disaster risk reduction (DRR) efforts. To increase
community awareness and participation, GMLS conducts disaster risk
communication activities in existing formal and informal spaces. Furthermore, newsettings were also organically formed to suit the local social culture in
Panggarangan village. This initial research aims to identify emerging spaces in thevillage that served as the arenas of interaction for disaster risk communication.
Primary data were collected by conducting in-depth interviews with key persons in
the community during site visits. This study shows how various spaces actively
facilitate effective disaster risk communication through their form, availability, andworking systems in Panggarangan village. The results lay the groundwork for
promoting the establishment of well-planned spaces for effective risk
communication as an integral part of community-based disaster risk managementin other tsunami-prone villages in Indonesia.

Keywords
risk communication spaces, disaster risk communication, tsunami-readycommunity, Panggarangan, community-based disaster risk management

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

161

DRSD-2023-160

A Systematic Literature Review on
Women’s Economic Resilience inDisaster Management
Delfia Tanjung Sari
Correspondence: delfia@eb.unand.ac.id

Abstract
Economic resilience of women, in the context of disaster preparedness, refers to theability of women to withstand and recover from the economic impacts of a disaster.
Economic resilience activities aim to increase the economic self-sufficiency ofwomen, enabling them to better prepare for and recover from the economic
setbacks caused by hazards. Building women's economic resilience to disasters
benefits individual women and contributes to overall community and societal
resilience and recovery. Recognizing the importance of women's economic role indisaster management and implementing strategies to support their economic
empowerment is critical to achieving more inclusive and effective disaster
response and recovery efforts. Integrating a gender-sensitive approach into
disaster management policies and programmes is essential to ensure thatwomen's specific economic needs and vulnerabilities are addressed. By promoting
women's economic resilience, it is possible to build more inclusive and effective
disaster management strategies that benefit entire communities. This paper is asystematic literature review aimed at understanding the current state of knowledge
on women's economic resilience in disaster management and informing researchdevelopment in this area. It makes use of Dimensions.ai, an artificial intelligence
application for the provision of digital scientific research information. The databasefound 111 studies on women's resilience in disaster management, 42 of which
discuss women's economic resilience in disaster management for the period 20092023. The most studied fields are human society, development studies, and policy
and management. A number of these studies also deal with the Sustainable
Development Goals. Sustainable cities and communities, climate change
mitigation, and gender equality are the most frequently addressed topics. Thesefindings help to understand the current state of knowledge regarding women's
economic resilience in disaster management. They also have implications for future
research.

Keywords
Disaster Management, Economics, Literature Review, SDGs, Women’s Empowerment

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

162

DRSD-2023-166

Private Sector Engagement forCommunity Resilience andSustainable Development
Edwin M. Salonga, Kilian T. Murphy
Correspondence: edwin.salonga@adpc.net

Abstract
Key global frameworks and guiding strategies, such as the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
2015-2030, underscore the pivotal role of the private sector in fostering community
resilience and sustainable development. While the importance of the private sector
is acknowledged, there still remains a crucial need to explore the inherent ‘businesscase’ that motivates commercial enterprises to actively participate in disaster risk
management (DRM) and contribute to humanitarian efforts in view ofstrengthening community resilience and sustainable development.
This paper offers a conceptual exploration of the changing dynamics within theprivate sector's engagement in promoting community resilience and sustainable
development through an analysis of the evolving landscape of private sector
involvement in DRM. It investigates how business enterprises are increasingly
recognizing the imperative to safeguard their own business operations fromdisaster events while simultaneously championing development interventions
aimed at addressing the needs of communities affected by disasters. In addition,
this paper critically examines the evolving relationship between private sector
engagement, community resilience, and sustainable development. By analyzing
this relationship, the study aims to provide evidence-based insights, shedding lighton the mutually beneficial value addition that occurs when businesses actively
participate in DRM initiatives. In doing so, it contributes to the ongoing discourse on
how private sector involvement can bolster both community resilience andsustainable development goals, fostering a holistic approach to disaster risk
reduction and management.

Keywords
Private Sector, Disaster Risk Management, Multi-stakeholder, Collaboration,
Resilience

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163

DRSD-2023-173

Role of Microfinance on Poverty
Reduction in the Post-Disaster
Scenario: A Case Study of
Neelkantha Municipality, Nepal
Shiva Raj Khanal, Romi Ghimire
Correspondence: shiva@actionnepal.org

Abstract
Microfinance in Nepal plays an essential role in providing credit to theunbanked rural population. Most of the people of the Neelkantha Municipality
depend on agriculture for their livelihood and were primarily impacted by the
Nepal Earthquake in 2015. Exploring the socio-economic context of the postdisaster scenario, the study examines the role of Microfinance in addressing
poverty reduction in Neelkantha Municipality, Nepal. The study adopted both
descriptive and analytical approaches. Data was collected from 284
respondents through a well-structured questionnaire employing purposive
sampling. Statistical tools, including paired t-tests in SPSS, were utilized toanalyze the effects of Microfinance on poverty reduction in a post-disaster
context. The study shows that microfinance plays a significant role in bouncing
back annual average monthly income by providing soft loans to local
communities in restarting the impacted livelihood interventions. Furthermore,
the study highlights that most rural population has experienced tangible
benefits, including more accessible access to loans, improved shelter, anddiversified income sources. The study provides critical recommendations topolicymakers to focus on the importance of financial institutions in regaining
economic phenomena in the disaster-affected population.

Keywords
Microfinance; Poverty reduction; Disaster; Multidimensional impact; Nepal

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

164

DRSD-2023-195

Enhancing Sustainability of CommunityBased Flood Early Warning Systems
Vijay Ratan Khadgi, Neera Shrestha Pradhan, Pradeep Man Dangol,
Shailendra Shakya
Correspondence: vijay.khadgi@icimod.org

Abstract
Community-based flood early warning systems (CBFEWS) are effective at reducing
flood risks for vulnerable communities, but are generally initiated, funded, andmanaged by external agencies. They need to be localised, preferably with the
involvement of local government bodies, and made sustainable beyond thetermination of funding assistance. Recognising this need, the International Centre
for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) introduced sustainability as the fifthelements to the four elements of people-centered early warning systems (EWS)
endorsed by the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster. Reduction(UNISDR). This addition emphasizes the importance of sustaining at least four key
components: financial, technical, social, and institutional, to ensure the ongoing
effectiveness of CBFEWS.
This paper explores the strategies that communities can employ to sustain theoperations of the CBFEWS beyond the project period. One successful approach isthe establishment of a revolving basket fund along the Khando River in Nepal,
wherein municipalities benefiting from the CBFEWS contributed resources, fostering
local ownership and empowering communities to autonomously manage CBFEWS.
This approach is being replicated in other river systems. Local governments inPakistan have proactively embraced CBFEWS recognizing their significance indisaster risk reduction. They have made CBFEWS technically and financiallysustainable by internalising the responsibility of maintaining the systems. However,ensuring sustainability of CBFEWS goes beyond financial aspects. Catalyst agencies
must ensure that the participation of communities and local governments must be
institutionalised, facilitate technology transfer for maintaining the system andensure that the social components of CBFEWS relevant are continually updated toremain responsive to the needs of the most vulnerable populations. Based on theseobservations, the paper identifies some of the challenges and potential obstacles
to achieving sustainability and ends with a set of recommendations for addressing
the challenges.

Keywords
early warning system (EWS), people-centered EWS, CBFEWS, CBDRM, Sustainable
CBFEWSDRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

165

DRSD-2023-198

Lesson Learned from Elementary
School Pupils Evacuation Drill in
PadangYosritzal, Karl Kim
Correspondence: yosritzal@eng.unand.ac.id

Abstract
Elementary school pupils are one of the most vulnerable groups of people
when a tsunami potential earthquake strikes because, physically, they aresmaller and weaker than adults, have less experience and knowledge abouttsunamis, are often unsupervised, and may have difficulty understanding andfollowing evacuation orders. On top of that, the risk of pupils being a victim of atsunami may increase if the tsunami strikes when they are playing on thebeach, trapped in a school bus or other vehicle, or separated from theirparents or guardians. This paper explores lessons learned from evacuation
drills for elementary school students in Padang. Data for this study wascollected from the observations of 4 evacuation drills. The study shows that all
school students could reach the temporary evacuation sites within adequate
time. However, a school or home agreement should be delivered to the pupils
by their teacher or their parents/guardians just in case an evacuation should
be done. Without explicit instruction, the pupils would be influenced by theirfriends or other people, confusing them.

Keywords
pupils, evacuation, tsunami, observation, vulnerable

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

166

DRSD-2023-206

The Description of Students'
Knowledge of Earthquake Disaster
Mitigation at the Faculty of Nursing,
Universitas Andalas
Elvi Oktarina, Siti Masitah, Mohd Jamil, Yoserwan
Correspondence: oktarina.vye1@gmail.com, elvioktarina@nrs.Unand.ac.id

Abstract
Knowledge of earthquake disaster mitigation is needed by every individual,
especially nursing students who are prepared to become professional nurses
in the future. As a bridge for the community to obtain information about
disasters in order to reduce the risks caused by earthquakes. Aims. This study
aims to look at the frequency distribution of pre-disaster mitigation
knowledge, disaster emergency response and post-earthquake disasteramong students of the Faculty of Nursing, Andalas University. Methode. The
design of this study was a descriptive method using a cross-sectional methodwith the Simple Random Sampling technique for students in the 2019 and 2020
batches of the Faculty of Nursing, Andalas University. The research instrumentused a knowledge questionnaire on earthquake disaster mitigation. The
sample in this study was 171 respondents. The results of this study indicate thatknowledge of the pre-disaster prevention and mitigation phase is in the good
category (87.1%), knowledge of the pre-disaster preparedness phase is in thegood category (56.7%), knowledge of the acute and sub-acute emergency
response phase is in the good category ( 50.9%) and (86%), and knowledge ofthe post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation/reconstruction phase in thegood category (91.2%) and (67.8%). Conclusion. It can be concluded that theknowledge of earthquake disaster mitigation students at the Faculty of
Nursing, Andalas University in each phase is in the good category and it ishoped that they will continue to increase their knowledge of earthquake
disaster mitigation in each phase.

Keywords
Mitigation, Earthquakes, Nursing students, Level of knowledge

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

167

DRSD-2023-218

Integrating Sustainable Development Goals
Environmental Domain in the Environmental
Impact Assessment Process Flow
Mark Anthony M. Morales, Khalid Mahmood, Tabassam Raza, Mark Anthony M
Morales, Shaker Mayo, Carmelita R.E.U. Liwag, Thess Khaz S. Raza
Correspondence: mark@markmateomorales.com

Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), introduced by the United Nations in
2015, offer a comprehensive and universally applicable framework for addressing
global environmental challenges and promoting sustainable development. Notably,
the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) serves as a crucial tool for evaluating
the potential environmental impacts of development projects, ensuring theiralignment with sustainable development objectives. This study aims to investigate
the integration of environmental SDGs into the EIA process flow, emphasizing theneed to bridge the gap between EIA and SDGs. Further, the study provides theunderstandings of the practical implications of incorporating environmental SDGs
in the EIA process by examining case studies and best practices worldwide.
Substantial research indicates that integrating environmental SDGs into EIA
processes holds significant promise for enhancing the effectiveness and relevanceof impact assessments. By incorporating SDGs, EIAs can transcend traditional
compliance-driven evaluations, renovating into proactive instruments for achieving
SDGs. The research relies predominantly on qualitative data collection, coveringinternal, external, and online desk research. The study has developed a framework
to seamlessly incorporate SDG considerations within the standard EIA process. Thismethod includes the selection of relevant SDGs, the inclusion of stakeholder
perspectives, and the evaluation of potential positive and negative impacts on SDG
targets. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential benefits of this integration,
including improved decision-making, reduced conflicts between development
projects and environmental objectives, and the advancement of sustainable
development on a broader scale. As the world challenges involved environmental
challenges, this study recommends that environmental professionals,
policymakers, and stakeholders advocate for the integration of environmental SDGs
into the EIA process as a potent means of fostering more sustainable andresponsible development practices.

Keywords
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA),
Development Projects, Integrating SDGs and EIA, Framework
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

168

DRSD-2023-226

Shifting Paradigm of Disaster
Management in Nepal
Ganesh Dhungana, Hannah Stoddard, Vincenzo Bollettino
Correspondence: gdhungana@hsph.harvard.edu

Abstract
Nepal is a hotspot for natural hazards and has repeatedly experienced
geological, hydrological, and meteorological hazards. The frequent changes inthe type, magnitude, and frequency of these hazards exacerbated bychanging phenomena of climatic extremes necessitate reviewing existing
preparedness practices and suggesting more work on preparedness
measures. The paper outlines the findings of the scoping study conducted by
the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative’s Program on Resilient Communities toreview existing practices and identify opportunities for strengthening
preparedness in Nepal. The study summarizes existing literature and highlights
findings from a series of consultations with agencies working in disaster risk
reduction and management in the country. The study found that despite
significant progress in legislation and institutional arrangements for
preparedness and risk reduction, there are still gaps in effective
implementations of endorsed legislation, coordination among agencies, andresources (human, technical, and financial). The study highlights the need tocapacitate government officials working at the local and national levels byenhancing understanding and knowledge of shifting patterns of hazards andtheir effective management techniques. The study concludes by highlighting
the importance of coordination with academic and research institutions toproject future scenarios of hazards for better management, indicating a needfor national-level research and training programs/initiatives dedicated todisaster management in the country.

Keywords
Hazards, Disaster, Management, Preparedness, Nepal

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

169

DRSD-2023-230
Engaging Youth in Flood Risk Management:
A Citizen Science Geospatial Initiative in
Bangladesh
Krishna Prosad Mondal, Sheikh Tawhidul Islam, Nandini Sanyal, Sakib Rahman
Siddique Shuvo, Munir Mahmud, Dibakar Chakraborty, Md. Hiru Miah, Al Jubaer
Correspondence: s.t.islam@juniv.edu

Abstract
This study addresses this imperative shift by examining the transition fromconventional, top-down risk assessments to more participatory, community-based
approaches. The integration of citizen science initiatives, empowered by Internet
and mobile technologies, emerges as a promising avenue for generating real-time,community-driven information crucial for effective risk management. The conceptof citizen science involves the participation of nonprofessional scientists in datacollection, interpretation, and analysis, democratizing science and engaging
diverse communities. Employing participatory collaborative mapping, the study
showcases the increasing prevalence of citizen science in expanding conceptualcommon ground and disseminating geographic data. Volunteered Geographic
Information (VGI) serves as a broader term encapsulating citizen-based geospatial
mapping, fostering participatory engagement through internet platforms.
Considering that vulnerability to disasters varies based on social and demographic
characteristics, cumulative impact conditions, and contextual physical settings, theresearch emphasizes the need for inclusive planning. The study conducts a risk
mapping exercise to facilitate inclusive preparedness planning, accounting for thevulnerabilities of at-risk populations. Addressing river-induced disasters inHarirampur Upazila, the study focuses on engaging informed youth leadership in
local disaster management. While local youths emerge as crucial first responders,
their potential is hindered by a lack of guidance, knowledge, and orientation withdata and methods. The research employs fieldwork and spatial analysis to develop
a risk mapping model applicable in flood and river bank erosion contexts,emphasizing the methodological steps in easy, generic terms. The resulting risk
maps play a vital role in identifying at-risk households, prioritizing service delivery,
and enhancing project accountability, efficiency, and sustainability. This
comprehensive study not only contributes to the growing field of citizen scienceand participatory risk mapping but also provides a replicable model for disasterprone areas, fostering community resilience through inclusive and informed
planning.

Keywords
Risk Assessment, Community-Driven, Participatory, Geospatial Mapping
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

170

DRSD-2023-234

Resilience Starts Locally: Addressing
Challenges and Enhancing
Sustainability Through Localization
Aniruddha Dey, Swarnabha Bandyopadhaya, Sheikh Tawhidul Islam
Correspondence: deyaniruddha@gmail.com

Abstract
The study explores the pivotal role of localization in enhancing community
resilience and reducing disaster risks. The process of localization empowers
individuals by providing insights into local challenges and creating
opportunities to address them using indigenous resources and knowledge.
Strong local initiatives, when undertaken collectively, not only mitigate
immediate threats but also contribute significantly to the development ofregional, national, and global sustainability. Training programs focused on
localization play a crucial role in informing local populations about contextual
problems, fostering a profound understanding of local contexts. Importantly,
localization is viewed as a catalyst for supporting globalization, as addressing
development challenges at the local level is essential for achieving
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The successful resolution of local
challenges not only strengthens SDG indicators but also propels national
progress toward SDG target attainment, highlighting the interconnectedness
between local actions and global aspirations. In essence, this abstract
advocates for the integration of localization strategies as a fundamental
approach to building resilience and advancing sustainable development on a
global scale.

Keywords
Localization, Resilience, Sustainability, SDGs

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

171

F

ABSTRACT LIST
THEMATIC AREA : F
Strengthening Ecologicaland Natural Systems for
Disaster ResilienceDRSD-2023-021

Whose Wellbeing Improved After
Adoption of Crop Insurance in India?
Assessing Benefits Across Land
Holding Farmer Groups
Chandra Sekhar Bahinipati, Dinamani Biswal
Correspondence: csbahinipati@iittp.ac.in

Abstract
Production risk in agriculture arising from growing climatic disruption such as
floods, cyclones, droughts, and increased weather variability threatens the
livelihood of farm households in developing countries, including India (Rajeev et al.,2016). Crop insurance emerges as one of the suitable risk coping instruments that
help to build resilience and protect long-run household welfare against
unprecedented climatic shocks (Morduch,1995). It, further, encourages farmers tospend more on higher-risk, higher-profit crops, serves as collateral, and smooths
out farmers’ consumption and income (Xiong, 2017; Mahul et al., 2012; Morduch,
1995). Over the year, several studies in India and throughout the world haveexamined the effect of crop insurance on the wellbeing of farm households andhave reached diverse findings. For instance, it encourages farmers to invest more inrisky and profitable crops, and high-yielding rice, and cash crops (Cai et al., 2015;
Cai, 2016; Cole & Xiong, 2017; Elabed & Carter, 2014; Mobarak & Rosenzweig, 2012;). It
improves input usage expense (Chang & Mishra, 2012; Cariappa et al.,2020) andraises the consumption and income of farmers (Cariappa et al., 2020; Karlan et al.,2014). Using National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) data and using Propensity Score
matching, this study evaluates the impact of crop insurance on farm households’
wellbeing and analyses the heterogeneous impact of crop insurance on different
sections of farm households based on landholdings like landless, marginal, small,medium, and large farmers. The result of the study shows that crop insurance has
successfully improved the production value and input use expenditure of farmhouseholds. Moreover, crop insurance has improved farm production value amonglandless and marginal farmers and input use expenditure among landless,marginal, and small farmers. Crop insurance appears effective in increasing farm
revenue and input usage expenditure, and its beneficial influence has spread tovulnerable farm households.

Keywords
Crop Insurance, Adoption, Benefits, Farmers’ Well-being, Land Holding, India

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium173

DRSD-2023-037

Potential of Climate-Smart
Agricultural Practices to Build
Climate Resilience: Evidence
from Eastern India
Pradyot Ranjan Jena
Correspondence: pradyotjena@nitk.edu.in

Abstract
Climate change threatens rural livelihoods by adversely affecting agricultural
production, reducing crop yields, harvest losses, and increasing production
costs. Rainfed agricultural system in Eastern India, Odisha, faces severe
challenges from climate-induced temperature increases and erratic
precipitation. On the other hand, climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices,such as crop rotation and integrated soil management, offer adaptive andmitigative potential. Therefore, this paper examines the impact of CSApractices on yield and income in vulnerable semi-arid districts of Odisha's Balangir, Kendrapara, and Mayurbhanj. This paper uses cross-sectional
household survey data collected in 2019-2020 from these three districts andpropensity score matching (PSM) and the two-stage least square method(2SLS) to analyze the impacts of CSA on income and productivity. Both models
show a positive and significant impact of the adoption of CSA on the
productivity and income of the farmers. These findings highlight the need toscale up the CSA technology through effective extension programs to improveclimate resilience in the developing countries. Enhanced extension interaction
and accessibility shall promote wider CSA adoption, elevating productivity andincome.

Keywords
Climate disaster, Climate smart agriculture (CSA), Crop rotation, Integrated
soil management, Impact evaluation, Odisha

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

174

DRSD-2023-055

Incorporating a Nature-Based Soil
Retention Ecosystem Service Approach forLandslide Hazard Management in a
Western Himalayan Watershed
Atul Chauhan, Souvanic Roy
Correspondence: 2021app002.atul@students.iiests.ac.in

Abstract
Ecosystem services are essential ecological functions and processes that directly or
indirectly benefit human well-being. These services are broadly divided into four
key types: provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services, and each plays
a crucial role in supporting human well-being and ecological health. In recent
years, the importance of ecosystem services has been increasingly recognized not
only for sustainable development, environmental protection, water management,
etc., but also for mitigating various natural disasters such as landslides. The western
Himalayan region of India suffers from frequent landslides due to its complex
geology, rugged topography, steep slopes reinforced by seismic tectonic activity,
heavy rainfall, and increased human activity, often resulting in fatalities andsignificant economic consequences. Therefore, evaluating different tools andperspectives to manage such disasters is essential, starting from disasterprevention by leveraging geospatial data and selecting appropriate models. Many
deterministic models (e.g., Rainfall Intensity and Regional Slope Stability (TRIGRS),
Stability Factor Method (SINMAP)) and statistical models (e.g., Frequency Ratio
Method (FR), Logistic Regression Method (LR)) are used to study landslide hazards
in the Himalayan region. However, a proper understanding of the relationships andunderlying factors that cause landslides requires an investigation of ecosystemservices associated with landslide risk. Among these services, Soil Retention iscentral to landslide management. It is a fundamental ecosystem service and refers
to the ability of natural landscapes to retain soil and prevent erosion and landslides.
This study investigates the critical role of soil-retaining ecosystem services inlandslide prevention and management through artificial intelligence and big data,utilizing the Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) platform. The results
provide valuable insights into the relationships and contributions of ecosystemservices to soil storage and landslide risk, helping government agencies, urban
planners, developers, and others to develop more informed nature-based solutions.

Keywords
Landslide management, Ecosystem services, ARIES, Soil retention, Nature-based
solutions
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

175

DRSD-2023-059

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of
Climate Change Adaptation: Designing
Action Plan for Agricultural Livelihoodin Northeastern Region, Thailand
Sirinon Suwanmolee, Jitraporn Somyanontanakul,
Thanyarat Chaiyakarm
Correspondence: non196@gmail.com

Abstract
The agricultural livelihood, especially in regions like the Northeastern region ofThailand that heavily depend on agriculture, is confronted with considerable
challenges due to climate variability in high potential both drought and flood. To
effectively tackle these challenges and promote adaptation to climate change, it is
crucial to comprehend the various factors influencing adaptation strategies within
the agricultural sector. Researchers found that 1) Risk perception, 2) root-causeaffected agricultural livelihood, 3) exposure, 4) vulnerability 5) alternative solution
and 6) action plan are all factors that need to be considered when designing acomprehensive workshop to revise the gap and challenges in existing physicalresource and societal capacity of each community. The present study utilized
action research methodology to collect data through pre-test and post-test
evaluations, while also considering the results of learning activities conductedduring workshops which aim to develop suitable alternative implementation
strategies and prioritize actions for the short, medium, and long term. Additionally,
stakeholder mapping was identified in order to establish working teams responsiblefor driving the change along with monitoring and evaluating the outcomes of theimplemented strategies. In terms of analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis
approach was applied in this study to examine various components including
climate change perception, learning outcomes, and expected adaptive strategiesof the communities to display the relationships between observed and latentvariables.

Keywords
Climate Change Adaptation , Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Ecosystem based
adaptation, Community based disaster management

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

176

DRSD-2023-063

Nature-Based Solutions to Enhance
Sustainability in Palm Oil Production
Shweta Sinha
Correspondence: shweta.s@pbic.tu.ac.th

Abstract
Palm oil is a widely used in various industries such as food, cosmetics, andbiofuels. The lower production cost and higher yield offered by palm oil havemade it a popular choice over other vegetable oils, leading to a 35-foldincrease in global production from 2 million tonnes in 1970 to 71 million tonnes
in 2018 (United States Department of Agriculture, 2018). However, theunsustainable and environmentally damaging practices have led todeforestation and habitat loss in producing economies. In recent times, risinginterest for palm oil has grabbed attention of all stakeholders including
farmers, retailers, governments, international organizations, environmentalists,
producers, and consumers. Globally, palm oil production is estimated around73.8 million metric tons in 2021-22, of which Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand
are responsible for 59%, 25% and 4% of the world palm oil production
respectively. The palm oil industry faces a range of environmental and social
challenges, including deforestation, biodiversity loss, land conflicts, and laborabuses. Deforestation is a major concern, as oil palm plantations often replacetropical rainforests and other valuable ecosystems, leading to the loss of
biodiversity and carbon sinks. In addition, the industry has been associatedwith human rights abuses, such as forced labor, child labor, and violations ofindigenous peoples' rights. While the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil(RSPO) standard can help improve sustainability governance at thedownstream level, challenges still exist for getting fully certified with RSPO. This
study attempts to identify the current situation, key challenges, trends, andpractices in palm oil production in Thailand and highlight possible naturebased solutions and strategies for enhancing sustainable palm oil production.

Keywords
Nature based solutions, Palm oil production, RSPO, Thailand, sustainability

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

177

DRSD-2023-080

The Impact on PM2.5 in Thailand
Society: An Investigation into
Causes, Challenges, and Policy
Gap in Implementations
Vasuthida Pinrattana
Correspondence: vasuthidaza@gmail.com

Abstract
This research about PM 2.5 pollution is one of the Thai environmental problems
that still needs to be fixed, even though it has not recovered much since 2019.
The Thai government has an answer to this crisis that has affected people,
which is short-term and long-term solutions for people and otherorganizations that require time to operate which is not effective enoughmaking many people in some areas still face with this problem.
This qualitative study explores the number of PM2.5 that happened in Thailand
from 2019 to 2022, the cause of PM2.5, and the policies of PM2.5 and analyzes
existing policies used in the country with indicators from global organizations.
The secondary data was collected from Chulalongkorn University, IQAir from2020 to 2023, a case study from Beijing, and a case study from Seoul, including
UN SDG for analysis. From the information we have found, the causes of PM 2.5
in Thailand come from man-made and environmental such as seasonal andclimate change, and the area that gets impacted the most in northern
Thailand.
This research shows people's actions and the environment clarify the impact inThailand and suggests a solution for decreasing PM 2.5 in Thailand.

Keywords
PM2.5, Thailand, Impact, Policy, People

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

178

DRSD-2023-094

Climate Change Impact on Major
Food and Non-Food Crops: A
Study of Assam, India
Rwmwisha Daimari, Subir Sen
Correspondence: rwmwisha_d@hs.iitr.ac.in

Abstract
Agriculture and the climate are closely related. Climate change led toincreased frequency and intensity of extreme events that lead to food andwater insecurity. Productivity of crops has increased but climate change
slowed growth over the past few decades. Using data from 1980 to 2021, thispaper examines the impact of climate change on major food and non-foodcrop production in the Indian state of Assam, which is in the Brahmaputra Riverbasin. In this study, the food crops selected and analyzed are rice, wheat, andpulses, and the non-food crops are jute, sugarcane, oilseeds, and cotton. This
study employed an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach keeping inview the data characteristics. The result shows that rainfall has a significant
impact on food crops such as rice and pulses production, while a minimum
temperature has a positive impact and negative impact on pulses and wheat
production, respectively in the short run. However, we failed to find any
significant impact on non-food crop production in both the short run and longrun. Further, we examined the impact of climate change on the gross value
added by the agriculture sector. Rainfall has a positive impact in the short-run
but a negative impact in the long-run is observed. Based on the empiricalfindings, the study has implications for policymaking to draw a climate change
policy for the agriculture sector. The study is a state-level analysis and districtlevel assessment may vary from the conclusions drawn from this study. This isa limitation that we acknowledge but also a scope for future extension of theresearch.

Keywords
Climate change, food crops, non-crop crops, ARDL, Assam, India

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

179

DRSD-2023-101

Microplastic Crisis andEnvironment Issue Concern
Chawittipong Tunchuwingsuk
Correspondence: jchawittipong@gmail.com

Abstract
Driving billions of lives to live in an effective of well-being, Environment is one of
the most important factors. The abundance of environment system canprevent an extinction and ensure to all living things to survive. For a decade,our word has been still facing with the plastic concerning, taking overhundreds of years to decompose one plastic waste. Hence, Environment is not
only about the green thing but it also drives billions of live livings.
However, plastic has become one of the of concerning issue in term ofenvironment issue because when those plastics are used, some of them go
into the trash, side road, down to the water. Then, it creates a pollution into theenvironment. The information will be found in terms of about quantitative andqualitative information according to the wed-site from and GNO and others.
For instance, the information from “National Geographic”, shows the impact ofthe mass plastic waste that has been made by the people. There is a hugeplastic waste, 1.6 million square kilometers, called “Great Pacific Garbage
Patch”. On top of that, microplastic, those microplastic will be danger forenvironment system and also involve health condition and food cycle.
This research demonstrates the issue of microplastic, it not only ruins theenvironment system but also interrupts the food cycle damaging to every life
system.

Keywords
plastic waste, environment system, health condition, food cycle.

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

180

DRSD-2023-115

InVest Model Simulation of Climate
and Land Use Changes on Nutrient
Export in Tra Vinh Province,
Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Sreejita Banerjee, Indrajit Pal, Ho Huu Loc
Correspondence: st123434@ait.asia

Abstract
Agriculture is the main source of income and food security in the Vietnamese
Mekong Delta. Climate and land use change threaten farmers' livelihoods. We
examined the impacts of land use and climate change on nutrient load anddelivery in Tra Vinh province, Vietnam, and identified vulnerable areas ofnutrient release. This study used the InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem
Services and Trade-offs) ecosystem modelling framework's Nutrient Delivery
Ratio (NDR) model for scenario-based assessments and simplified nutrient
load and delivery. Three equal ten-year spans were considered from 1994 to
2014. The data show a 10% decline in agricultural acreage over 30 years,
threatening food security and the region's livelihood. While urban land area
grows 80% over the same period. Of all land use types, agricultural land
exports the most nitrogen, 12763 kg/year over 30 years. Agricultural areas
export 3432 kg/year of phosphorous, like nitrogen. Understanding theprovince's spatial extent, nitrogen and phosphorus exports decrease frominland to coast over 30 years. This study shows how spatial data integration
with the InVEST model can aid nutrient export decision-making and water
quality monitoring for effective water management.

Keywords
climate change, land use change, ecosystem modelling, nitrogen export,
phosphorous export

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

181

DRSD-2023-120

Enhancing Climate Resilience in the
Most Climate Affected Communities by
Adapting Locally Suitable Techniques
Through Actions Research
Md. Mahmudul Hasan, Ahmed Parvez, Md. Shahriar Hasan,
Ayesha Akter, Ananya Mukherjee
Correspondence: st123379@ait.asia

Abstract
Bangladesh is the most vulnerable country in the world to climate change becauseof its geographical location, dense population, crowded infrastructure, and frequent
natural disasters. Many natural disasters: cyclone, flood, salinity, drought, tidal
surge, and riverbank erosion hit Bangladesh due to it’s geographical position andworst weather conditions. Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to cyclone due to its
geographical location, which makes even weak cyclones fatal, and 55% of
aggregate coastal zone that is populated inside the 100 km of drift territory of thiscountry is generally vulnerable. Study aims to explore locally suitable adaptive
techniques for the disaster-affected and vulnerable communities of the coastal
belt in Bangladesh. Study was conducted using in-depth, semi-structured
interviews (400 household surveys, 15 FGDs, and 20 KIIs). The locations of the study
were Taltoli and Kalapara upazila in Bangladesh. The study found that people havedifferent livelihood patterns; agriculture (25%), fisheries (15%), livestock (5%), andday labor (11%). Study also revealed that the natural hazards destroyed their crops,
fish, and livestock products. The adverse effects of climate change among children
and adolescents are inadequate nutrition (45%), sanitation (54%), increased childlabor (42%), and decreased school attendance (72%). People build machan andpetaton (31%); temple-shaped houses (19%); and raised house platforms (7%) to
avoid the effects of climate change. People stayed in houses with high ceilings(27%), and used plastic containers (13%), to avoid natural hazards. People prioritize
consuming less food (7%) and relying on low-cost food (18%). People change theiroccupation (60%), sell trees (48%), livestock (9%), and other productive assets tomitigate or cope with adverse effects. Research findings show a pathway forcommunity people and the line departments in aspects of resilience through locallysuitable techniques.

Keywords
Climate change, Impacts, Adaptation, Suitable techniques, Resilience

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182

DRSD-2023-171

Disaster Risk and Climate Change
Impact on Tourism Development: A
Case Study from Hoang Lien National
Park, North of Vietnam
Thi Thu Vo, Thi Lan Anh Tran , Hoang Yen Nguyen,
Thi Huyen Mai , Phuong Ha Nguyen
Correspondence: thu.vo@cecad.org.vn

Abstract
This study analyzes the impacts of natural disasters and climate change on tourism
development in Hoang Lien National Park (HLNP) and its buffer zone communes,
located in Sapa town, Lao Cai province, north of Vietnam. This area is frequently
affected by natural disasters and climate change, including sleet, hail, flash floods,
soil erosion, and landslides (Dang, K.B., Burkhard, B., Müller, F. et al., 2018), which
threaten local tourism development and the livelihoods of local people.
Nevertheless, little research has been done on the impact of disaster risk on
ecotourism development and how the local community has responded to those
impacts in Sapa town.
The study used the PSR (Pressure- State- Response) framework to analyze andevaluate (i) the impacts of natural disasters and climate change on tourism
development in HLNP and its buffer zone communes; (ii) disaster risk governancegaps in the tourism development policies and (iii) responses of stakeholders
engaged in tourism to those impacts. Data collection was conducted through key
formant interviews and focus group discussion. The study found significant gaps indisaster risk and climate change management policies and the engagement of thelocal community and tourism companies in disaster risk management iscompletely absent. The research results also demonstrate that local people,
especially female-headed households engaged in tourism are the most vulnerable
people whose income is severely affected by disaster risk and climate change. The
study concludes that active and strong climate change and disaster risk
governance is needed in order to ensure more sustainable tourism development
and help the local community become more resilient to disaster risk in the future.

Keywords
disaster risk, climate change, disaster risk governance, tourism development

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

183

DRSD-2023-197

Community Perceptions and Concerns
about Water Quality of Bung Binh Thien
Lake, An Giang Province
Chau Ngoc Tran, Hung Thanh Nguyen, Phuc Nguyen,
Truyen Nguyen, Tanh T.N. Nguyen
Correspondence: tnchauvn@gmail.com

Abstract
Bung Binh Thien (BBT) has been officially designated as a Wetland Conservation
Area in An Phu District, An Giang Province, Vietnam. This recognition indicates theimportance of preserving and protecting the delicate ecosystem of this reservoir.
BBT has a significant role in supplying water for local living, agricultural activities,
and tourism. However, there are growing concerns regarding the declining water
quality within BBT, according to the results of the investigation from 2018 to 2022, thewater quality of the Bung Binh Thien Lake is deteriorating, characterized by totalsuspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5), total coliform reached the B1 column compared to QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT(national technical regulation on surface water quality), which the water quality isused for irrigated agriculture or other purposes that require similar water quality.
The active participation of the local community is crucial for the preservation andimprovement of water quality in the natural lake. The community surrounding BBT
Lake, who depend on the lake for their livelihoods holds strong perceptions and is
deeply worried about the deteriorating water quality. The results of interviews
indicated that the majority of local residents said that BBT quality water was
polluted, and some said it was very polluted. The characteristic indication that helps
to identify the polluted water quality is the change of water color, the death ofaquatic animals (fish, shrimp, crabs, ...) on the waterface, and turbid or black
watercolor, when flood water enters the BBT it will pull part of the outside garbage incausing water environmental pollution, untreated domestic wastewater frompeople and water for washing cows living near the protected area. The community
firmly believes that these reasons are directly responsible for declining water
quality, leading to detrimental effects on both human health and aquatic life.
Authorities can receive feedback on the water quality state and existing protection
efforts from residents. This information is essential for developing effective
strategies and policies aimed at safeguarding the lake's water quality.

Keywords
Bung Binh Thien lake, water quality, community opinion, water quality protection
DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

184

DRSD-2023-199

Pine Sap Extraction and Its
Potential Threat to Land Slide
Ir. Yonariza, Siti Latifa, Yoserwan, Sefniwati, Tesya Masrsiyanti
Correspondence: yonariza@agr.unand.ac.id

Abstract
Reforestation with pine trees was introduced in Indonesia at late 1970-es tocurtail degraded land and deforestation. Pine (Pinus Mercusii) is dry tolerant
plant and fire tolerant vegetation as well as suitable at poor nutrient soil suchas in degraded land. Many of these land are at upper stream and steep slope.
The Ministry Environment and Forestry provides the Standard Operational
Procedures (SOP) on Pine Sap Tapping Evaluation System. Among important
indicator of sustainable tapping are number of quarre per tree according totree circumferences and high of quarre. This study aims to evaluate thecompliance of tapping practice according to SOP and to analyze potential
threat of non compliance tapping practice on land slide. The study was carriedin Sungai Rimbang Village in Limapuluh Kota district, West Sumatra. We takesample of 180 taped pines tress and measure tree circumference, countnumber of quaree, recovered old quarre, yet recovered quarre and number of
new quarreas well as high of quares and compared to the tapping standard.
Samples were taken by transect method on 4 pine forest hills, on each hill atransect path was made from bottom to top of pines forest hills and row
samples were taken systematically, in selected rows 3 adjacent trees were
sampled. It found that the number of quarre are three times higher than in
SOP, the same also hold true to the high of quarre. It concludes that thepresent tapping practice is over tapping and threatening the live the pinetrees and many trees are dead and the practice is a clear and present danger
on land slide. It suggests to hold tapping moratorium and give time for thepines tress to be recovered as well to train locals to do resin tapping.

Keywords
quarre, sustainability, tapper, reforestation, policy, landslide, disaster

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

185

DRSD-2023-219

Optimization of Hydrosol Liquid
Waste Distillation of Essential Oil as
Raw Material for Making BotanicalInsecticides as Pest Control in
Agriculture
Eka Candra Lina
Correspondence: ekacandralina222@gmail.com

Abstract
Hydrosol, as a liquid waste from essential oil distillation with a content of moreor less 0.2% active ingredients, can potentially be used as a carrier ingredienton botanical pesticide formulations. Optimization of essential oil hydrosol innanoemulsions with a mixture of forest betel fruit extract, proven effective incontrolling pests such as Crocidolomia pavonana and Spodoptera frugiperda
in plants. The study was conducted at the Insect Bioecology Laboratory,
Andalas University, Padang, using a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) withpreliminary and follow-up tests. Further tests involved six concentration levels(0.0%, 0.10%, 0.16%, 0.27%, 0.45%, 0.74%) in five repeats, using the leaf dip
method. Parameters observed include larval mortality, duration of larval
development, percentage of pupae formed, percentage of imago formed, sex
ratio, and phytotoxicity. The 1% nanoemulsion showed a mortality of C.
pavonana larvae of 98%, inhibited larval development for 1.48 days to instar 4,
and was not phytotoxic to broccoli plants. Probit analysis showed LC50 at
0.46% and LC95 at 0.97%. Preliminary tests on several hydrosols against S.
frugiperda showed that a concentration of 1.00% led to larval mortality of
66%-78%. the potential for nanoemulsions of a mixture of P. aduncum andHydorosol as an effective alternative in the control of C. pavonana and S.
frugiperda with minimal impact on plants and the environment

Keywords
Liquid Waste, Essential Oil, Phytotoxicity, Vegetable insecticide, Mortality,
Nanoemulsion

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium186

DRSD-2023-221
UNU-Global Mountain Safeguard Research
Activities: Bridging Science, Policy andPractice from Local to Continental Level in
Support of Sustainable Development inMountain Regions
Navneet Kumar, Jess L Delves, Stefan Schneiderbauer, Joerg Szarzynski
Correspondence: n.kumar@ehs.unu.edu

Abstract
The mountain social-ecological systems, particularly within macro-scale mountainareas are highly vulnerable to climate change and both natural and human-induced
hazards. With increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events. These events
may lead to disastrous consequences affecting not only the upland regions but also
having cascading effects downstream, resulting in multi-hazard situations. The Global
Mountain Safeguard Research Programme (GLOMOS) of the United Nations University
Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), based in Bonn Germany, incollaboration with Eurac Research, Italy, is dedicated to studying and implementing DRR
and Climate Resilience measures for mountain communities worldwide.
GLOMOS co-established a transnational Community of Practice for the MalotiDrakensberg mountains in Africa to unite stakeholders for sustainable development.
GLOMOS is conducting research with regional partners to address critical information
gaps, including drivers and impacts of water scarcity and land degradation, planningwater infrastructure and support the establishment of a transboundary Long-Term
Socio-Ecological Research site. At the continental level, GLOMOS is involved inestablishment of the ‘Africa Network of Centers of Excellence for Disaster Risk Reduction(NoE)’, facilitated through the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). The NoE willfunction as a framework for members to develop, deliver and share tools, services,
products and training for Disaster Risk Management (DRM); all guided by user needs inAfrica. The NoE will enhance access to technical-scientific knowledge from different
sources and platforms, respond to crucial knowledge gaps and assist in building
sustainable structures in DRM and DRR across Africa. GLOMOS is keen on learning fromthe experiences of the global community and is particularly interested in working withgroups focused on Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Resilience and sustainability inmountainous ecosystems.

Keywords
Global Mountain Safeguard Research Programme (GLOMOS), Mountain ecosystem,
Disaster Risk Management, Sustainable development and Climate Resilience

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

187

DRSD-2023-222

Urban Morphology and Surface CoverAnalysis in the Green Infrastructure Action
Plan (GIAP): The Case of Barangay U.P.
Campus, Quezon City, Philippines
Thess Khaz S. Raza
Correspondence: khazraza@gmail.com

Abstract
Urbanization significantly impacts natural hydrologic cycles, resulting in reduced
infiltration and increased surface runoff due to impervious surfaces, altered drainage
infrastructure, and vegetation removal. This transformation adversely affects
environmental functions, as the reduction in green spaces raises temperatures,
heightens runoff, and reduces biodiversity while hampering the urban area's resilienceagainst climate change. Cities, notably those like Quezon City in the Philippines
undergoing rapid urbanization, oppose increased climate challenges like the Urban Heat
Island effect and flooding due to increased surface runoff. Further, the effects ofurbanization, change the microclimate, which as a result, may raises summer
temperatures of Quezon City by up to 7 °C. This study zooms in on Barangay UP Campus,
Quezon City, Philippines, as one of the smallest political units experiencing rapid
urbanization. Two major climate change impacts have been identified: the Urban Heat
Island effect and increased surface runoff, leading to flooding. To achieve climatechange adaptation, it is essential to minimize these ecological impacts and prioritize
green infrastructure urban design. This research employs a bottom-up approach,integrating urban morphology and physiographic data to predict future temperature
increases and runoff in Barangay UP Campus. The study aims to delineate sustainable
development strategies by emphasizing green infrastructure in urban design, potentiallymitigating Urban Heat Islands and runoff. By analyzing the relationship between urban
morphology, land cover, and ecological parameters, including temperature reduction,
decreased runoff, increased carbon storage, and enhanced biodiversity, the researchintends to inform the Barangay UP Campus Green Infrastructure Action Plan (GIAP) 2023–
2033. This plan aims to curtail surface runoff and counteract Urban Heat Islands while
evaluating the institutional adaptability to embrace sustainable green infrastructure
solutions. Ultimately, these findings will support broader climate change adaptation
strategies, fostering the integration of sustainable practices into urban development
plans.

Keywords
Urban Morphology, Surface Cover, Green Infrastructure, surface Temperature and Runoff,
Urban Heat Island

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

188

DRSD-2023-227

Indigenous Knowledge of Afro-Asian
Tribal Communities: An Alternative
Science of Natural Disaster
Management
Tapas Pal
Correspondence: geo.tapaspal@gmail.com

Abstract
The time has come when we need to rethink our plans to protect the earth. In this
sector, broad survival planning is required for the future, and the upcoming
disasters can be predicted with the application of tribal knowledge. Now,sustainable thinkers demand the 'rhetoric-to-action' phase. Both science andtechnology have jointly made disaster plans to mitigate the effects of natural
disasters, but modern sci-fi and hi-fi smart technological policies are not seen as
successful by all. Science and technology can both be "critical friends" forpolicymaking, but sustainable resilience is always demanded by the local people.
Actually, we have entered the arena of nature without realizing the feelings ofPanchyabhoota. There have been many natural disasters on Earth, such as
landslides, tsunamis, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions, but records show that
tribal people are very little affected or damaged by them due to their connection of
thinking and feelings to nature. Tribal communities in Afro-Asian countries nourish
ITK (Indigenous and Tribal Knowledge) to save them from natural disasters. Basedon the qualitative survey and literature review, it is concluded that tribal
communities are very conscious of the changes in climate, rivers, oceans, soil,
animal behavior (ethology), bird behavior (ornithology), cloud lore (nephology),
etc. If any misbalances or changes are seen here, they can appear quickly. So, thebasic background of this article is raised by this question, i.e., why, how, and when
the tribal indigenous knowledge is applicable to predict the probability of the typesof disasters, the path of hazards, minimize the level of destruction, and forecast thetypes of disasters. Satellite forecasting or television-to-radio talk are the scientificplatforms, but if the natural method of disaster minimization is applied by common
people, then the final result will be more fruitful.

Keywords
ethology, ornithology, nephology

DRSD 2023: Abstract Compendium

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