Enhancing Routing Energy Efficiency ofWireless Sensor NetworksNoor Zaman*, Tan Jung Low**, Turki Alghamdi****,** Department of Computer Science & Information Science, Universiti Tecknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia,***College of Computer and Information System, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
Noorzaman650@hotmail.com, lowtanjung@petronas.com.my, taghamdi@uqu.edu.sa

Abstract—Nowadays Wireless Sensor Networks WSNs are playing a vital role in several application areas ranging health to battle
field. Wireless sensor networks are easy to deploy due to its unique characteristics of size and self-organizing networks. Wireless sensor
nodes contain small unchangeable and not chargeable batteries. It is a resource constraint type network. Routing in WSN is mostexpensive task as it utilizes more power resources. This paper is intended to introduce energy efficient routing protocol, known as
Position Responsive Routing Protocol (PRRP) to enhance energy efficiency of WSN. Position responsive routing protocol differs inseveral ways than other existing routing techniques. Position response routing protocol approach allows fair distribution ofgateway\cluster head selection, maximum possible distance minimization among nodes and gateways\cluster heads to utilize lessenergy. Position responsive routing protocol shows significant improvement of 45% in energy efficiency of wireless sensor network life
time as a whole by increasing battery life of individual nodes. Furthermore PRRP shows drastic increases for data throughput andprovide better solution to routing energy hole due to it fair distributed approach of gateway selection. This work is the extension ofEnergy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor network published in IEEE ICACT 2014.
Keyword—Routing protocol CELRP, Energy Efficient, WSN, PRRP position responsive routing protocol, Routing protocol
Noor Zaman acquired his Degree in Engineering in 1998, and Master’s in Computer Science at the University of Agriculture inFaisalabad in 2000. His academic achievements further extended with a PhD in Information Technology at UTP, University
Technology Malaysia. He has vast experience of 14 years in the field of teaching and research. He is currently working as a Faculty
member in the College of Computer Science and IT, King Faisal University, in Saudi Arabia. He has contributed well in King Faisal
University for achieving ABET Accreditation, by working as member and Secretary for Accreditation and Quality cell for more than
6 years. He takes care of versatile operations including teaching, research activities, leading ERP projects and IT management. He
headed the Department of IT, and administered the prometric center in the Institute of Business and Technology (BIZTEK), in
Karachi Pakistan. He has worked as a consultant for Network and Server Management remotely in Apex Canada USA base Softwarehouse and call center.
Noor Zaman has authored several research papers, and edited four international reputed books, has many publications to his credit. He is an associate Editor,Regional Editor and reviewer for reputed international journals and conferences around the world. He has completed several research grants and currently
involved with funded projects in different courtiers. His areas of interest include Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Network, Artificial Intelligence,Telecommunication, Mobile Computing, Software Engineering, Unix, and Linux.

Dr. Tan Jung Low obtained his Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Technology from Teesside University, UK (1989), MSc IT
from National University of Malaysia (2001), and his PhD in IT from Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Malaysia (2012).
He is currently a Senior Lecturer in the Computer and Information Sciences Department of UTP. Dr. Low has been in the academic
line for two decades already, mainly as lecturer cum researcher in various public and private institutes of higher learning. He
teaches various engineering and ICT courses. His research interest include wireless/mobile technology, embedded systems, wirelesssensor networking, robotics, and Green IT. His current R&D include: bio-inspired energy efficient routing in WSN, sensors
location optimization in green IT, and green by IT.

Turki Alghamdi graduated with B.Sc. degree (with honors) in computer science from the King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia, in 2003. He was awarded M.Sc. degree in Distributed Systems and Networks from the University of Hertfordshire, Hatfieldin 2006. In 2011 he received his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.
In 2003, he joined the Department of Computer Science, University of Umm Al-Qura, as an Assistant Teacher. Since August 2011
he has been working for the Department of Computer Science as an Assistant Professor. He is a current administrator of recently
established smart networks laboratory in the Computer Science Department. His current research interests include computer
networks and Wireless Sensor Networks.