•••••••••••••

IMPROVES POWER AND EFFICIENCY
The ability of Red Line 85 Plus to improve power andefficiency was demonstrated in a field test using tenvehicles operating on Red Line 85 Plus and ten vehicles
operating on untreated fuel. Both sets of trucks wereoperated on the same fuel and both saw the same
service. All were equipped with the Cummins VT-903
engine and all had approximately 200,000 miles on theINJECTOR CLEANUP
2.2L Diesel - Pintle Nozzle
1000

Flow Rate, cc/min

BENEFIT SUMMARY
Cleans injectors
Cleans high-temperature deposits
Lubricates injectors, pumps, and cylinder walls
Reduces detonation
Improves power and fuel efficiency
Helps condition seals in the fuel system
Provides easier cold starting
Reduces operating costs
Stabilizes fuelPrevents rustDisperses water in fuelWinterized version reduces fuel pour-point
EPA registered for use in diesel fuelsengine. New injectors were installed at the beginning ofthe test. The distance put on each truck during the test
was 100,000 miles. Brake horsepower and fuel efficiency were compared on a dynomometer before andafter the field test. The results showed an improvementin power and efficiency of greater than 5% compared tothe fleet which used untreated #2 diesel. The data areillustrated in Figures 1 and 2. This improvement in fuelefficiency is not due to injector cleanup, since new injectors were installed in both fleets before the test, butinstead as a result of fuel lubricity, and compression
ring-groove cleanup. A separate test in a John Deere
engine showed an immediate 4.2% increase in powerwith 85 Plus.

800

One 85+ Cleanup
Treatment
600400

Before Cleanup

2000

Dyno Fuel Consumption DataFuel Consumpt
ion, % Change

RED LINE 85 PLUS™ is designed to improve fuelcombustion and prolong the life of the fuel system. RedLine 85 Plus contains powerful thermally-stable detergents which clean fuel injectors and the compression
ring area which can become filled with partially-burned
combustion products. Lubricity additives lubricate fuelpumps and injectors and leave a coating in the upper
cylinder, reducing friction at the critical point where therings change direction - providing increased power. Acetane booster is incorporated which will improve coldweather starting and reduce knocking and smoke.

010

1.0
0.8
0.6

Figure 4: One 12 ounce bottle of 85Plus restored theinjector flow to normal, renewing performance andreducing knock.

0.4
0.2
-0.0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6

-0.35

-0.8
-1.0

Fleet w/o
85 PLUS85 PLUS
Figure 2: Red Line 85 Plus improved the fleet fuel efficiency greater than 5%.

CLEANS INJECTORSPowerful detergents contained in Red Line 85 Plus
clean injectors and keep them clean, even when using
low-quality diesel fuel. Figures 3, 4, and 5 show how
Red Line 85 Plus can restore injector flow, providing
perfect spray patterns which will provide optimal powerand economy while reducing engine noise and smoke
dramatically. Small amounts of 85 Plus can be very
effective in clean-up of fouled injectors and regular use
can prevent injector deposits.

Dirty Injector Spray

Clean Injector Spray

3Particulates, g/Km

5.17%

Treated with 85 Plus

059%

•

FTP22%

•+

•+•+

•

300

600

900

12000.2+0.10

Miles on 85 Plus-treated Diesel Fuel-1

VW Golf, 1.6L, NA Cold Warm-up
and Federal Test Procedure

Dirty Injector

Clean Injector

Figures 3: Powerful detergents clean injectors providing
perfect spray patterns and optimal combustion.

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.142468101214

Wear Volume x 10-7, cc
ASTM D4172B Modified

Figure 6: 85 Plus can reduce friction and wear in diesel
fuels to levels below high-sulfur fuels.

0.4
0.3

0.02

Coefficient of Friction, µCold Warm-up

0Figure 1: Red Line 85 Plus improved the average power
output of the fleet greater than 5%.

12 Ounces 85 Plus / 100 Gal
000.06%Fleet with85 PLUS

Treated with 1 Qt ATF / 25 Gal

Treated with Competitive Additive2

UntreatedFleet

Low-Sulfur Diesel

Untreated Diesel Fuel+41

Reduced Wear

Reduced Friction

Injector Cleanup
Reduces Particulate Smoke

0.6

7Brake Horsepower,%Change40

Pintle Lift, 10 Inches
0.53

Dyno Horsepower Data

530

-30.5

620

LUBRICATES FUEL SYSTEM & UPPER CYLINDER
On October 1, 1993, the US EPA required all diesel
fuels to contain no more than 500 ppm Sulfur. Previous
fuels were in the range of 3,000 - 5,000 ppm. Sulfur washas been relied upon by the diesel industry as a very
effective antiwear additive for the injection system. With
only 500 ppm sulfur, many injection systems are
destined to have more rapid injection pump failure.
Many diesel injectors rely on the lubricity of the fuel toprevent injector wear. Red Line 85 Plus reduces friction
and wear in the fuel pump, injectors, and upper cylinder.
85 Plus can reduce wear in diesel fuels to levels significantly below the older high-sulfur fuels and this can beaccomplished with as little as 12 ounces per 100
gallons. This can be demonstrated in tests designed tomeasure the coefficient of friction and wear between two
sliding metal surfaces. The Low Velocity Friction
Apparatus shows that untreated diesel fuel exhibits a40% greater coefficient of friction compared to fueltreated with 85 Plus. ASTM D4172B (Modified) shows
five-times as much wear in untreated low-sulfur fuel asin the fuel treated with 85 Plus (Figure 6). This reduced
friction and wear means an improvement in fuel efficiency and an increase in fuel component durability.
Red Line 85 Plus will not increase the sulfur content ofdiesel fuels and is EPA registered for use in diesel fuel.

1500

Figure 5: Particluate (smoke) reductions as measured ina Federal Test procedure (warmed-up) and Cold
Start/Warm-up Test after 4 ounces 85Plus in 33 gallons.

SEAL CONDITIONING
With the EPA requirement of 500 ppm Sulfur in diesel
fuels comes another unexpected consequence. Mostde-sulfurization processes also reduce the aromatic
content of diesel fuels. In California, it has been
mandated that aromatic contents be reduced from atypical of 30% to a maximum of 10%. The seals in thefuel system rely on aromatics in the fuels to provide a
certain degree of seal swell. Removing these aromatics
will cause the seals to shrink. If the seals shrink toomuch, leakage of the pump and injection system canoccur, resulting in a costly repair bill. Red Line 85 Plus
contains materials which can swell seals, but the degree

of swelling when added to a large tank of fuel is minor.
However, we have found a significant ability to swell theseals enough to stop the leakage in some vehicles andreduce it in others. In many borderline cases, 85 Plus
can have an effect on the leakage of seals. To determine whether 85 Plus will swell the seals enough to stop
leakage, first try one bottle in a full tank and allow this tocontact the seals for several days. If leakage is stopped,
then try reduced dosages, down to as little as 12 ounces
per 100 gallons. Regular useage will problably bereqired to keep the seals from leaking again.
BOOSTS CETANE
The cetane rating of diesel fuel is a measure of the lagtime between injection and combustion - the higher thecetane rating, the quicker the ignition and consequently
the quieter the combustion. The cetane quality of thefuel determines the intensity of detonation and also theease of starting in cold weather. The cetane quality ofdiesel fuels has deteriorated in recent years. The US
average has declined from a cetane average of 50
during the beginning of the 70's to an average of 44.5
for 1985, with many dropping below 40. A good cetane
quality for passenger car diesels is 50. The minimum
allowable cetane for Mercedes-Benz diesels is 45. Red
Line 85 Plus contains a cetane booster which can raise
the cetane rating 3 to 9 cetane numbers when used at
12 ounces per 30 gallons and 1 to 4 cetane numbers
when used at 12 ounces per 100 gallons.
PREVENTS RUST and ABSORBS WATER
The major problem with water in diesel fuel is the rustingof the fuel system which will occur. Even the slightest
rust on the injection metering valves can mean a newinjection pump or injectors. The use of small amounts ofalcohols does not significantly dissolve water into thefuel, but only adds to the volume of the water phase andmakes the water phase more corrosive. Red Line 85+
will disperse 25% of its volume of water (12 ounces
disperses 3 ounces) without the use of alcohol and willsafely carry condensation water through the fuelsystem, while preventing rust even in the presence oflarger quantities of water as shown in Figure 7.

STABILIZES FUEL
There are two areas of concern regarding fuel stability.
One is the tendency for the fuel to degrade on storage,
forming insoluble deposits. The other is that a portion of
the fuel which reaches the injectors is recirculated inorder to cool the injectors and fuel pump. Heat stressing
causes accelerated thermal degradation and oxidationof the diesel fuel, causing deposits to form, resulting infuel system sludge and filter plugging. Red Line 85 Plussignificantly increases the stability of diesel fuel byinhibiting oxidation, thus providing greater filter life and acleaner fuel system. Red Line 85 Plus is excellent tostabilize diesel fuel or heating oil for long-term storage .
POUR POINT REDUCTION - WINTERIZED
Winterized Red Line 85 Plus contains a wax crystal
modifier which improves the cold-weather flow properties of diesel fuel. This wax crystal modifier interrupts
the interlocking structure of paraffin wax, causing theformation of much smaller crystals which pass throughthe filter, and reduces the temperature at which the fuelwill gel. The winterized version reduces the pour point ofan average fuel by 25°F. A water crystal inhibitor will
reduce the freezing point of condensation water in thefuel (180ppm) approximately 25°F. The reduction inoperability temperature depends on fuel system design
and filter porosity.

USE DIRECTIONS
Initially use 1/2 ounce per gallon of diesel fuel for rapid
cleanup of fouled injectors and as a seal conditioner.
Treatment can be reduced on subsequent fill ups to one
ounce per 10 gallons. Optimal fuel economy andinjector cleanliness are obtained with continuous usage.
Treatment levels as low as one ounce per 10 gallons will
still provide excellent injector cleanliness and lubricity;
however, reduced levels may not be as effective at
reducing detonation and controlling seal leakage. 85
Plus is available in 12oz. bottles, 1-gallon jugs, 5-gallon
pails, and 55 gallon drums. It is also available asWinterized 85 Plus.

DESIGNED FOR PERFORMANCERED LINE®

Red Line Synthetic Oil Corporation is the leader in lubricant and fuel system chemistry. Red Line sets the standards for equipment durability and increased performance. Red Line manufactures a full line of automotive
products which are designed to provide noticeable
improvements in performance:
WaterWetter® SuperCoolant
Diesel Fuel Catalyst
Diesel Fuel Biostat - Antimicrobial Agent
SI-1 Gasoline Injector & Valve Detergent
Fuel System Water Remover and Antifreze
Lead Substitute
Motor Oils - 5W30, 10W30, 10W40, 15W50, 20W50
Race Oils - SAE 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70
High-Performance Two-cycle LubricantsGear Oils - Lightweight, 75W90, 75W90NS, 80W140
MTL, MT-90 - Manual Transmission / Manual Transaxle
Lubricants
ATF - Synthetic Dexron IIE/Mercon, High-Temp ATF
DOT 5 Silicone Brake Fluid
CV-2 CV-Joint and Wheel Bearing Grease

85 PLUSDIESEL FUEL ADDITIVE
with CETANE BOOSTER
and FUEL LUBRICANTTECHNICAL

For further information please contact:

INFORMATIONRed Line Synthetic Oil Corp.
6100 Egret Court, Benicia, CA 94510© 1987, 1997, 2000 Red Line Synthetic Oil Corp.

(707) 745-6100
www.redlinoil.com