Vision and Current Trends ofStudent Mobility
By

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sauwakon Ratanawijitrasin
Centre Director, SEAMEO RIHED

Keynote Speech given at the ASEAN + 3 Higher Education Quality Assurance Forum
NIAD-UE, Tokyo, Japan
1 October 2013

The Expanding Landscape ofInternational Student Mobility
Foreign Students #• 1.3 million in 1990*  4.3 million in 2011*• > 50% foreign students worldwide from Asia*• ~ 34% from Northeast Asia**• ~ 8% from Southeast Asia**• Increase in % undergrad enrollments***
Data Source:* OECD (2013)** calculated from data in OECD (2013)***UNESCO (2012)www.rihed.seameo.org

2

The Expanding Landscape ofInternational Student Mobility
SEA Foreign Students Trends• Proportions of foreign students from a SEA
country study at an OECD country range from63% -94%**• ~ 11% of SEA foreign students study at anothercountry in SEA ****

Data Source:** calculated from data in OECD (2013)****UIS (2013)www.rihed.seameo.org

3

Emerging Trends
Student Mobility
SEA: From sending students
abroad to attracting foreign
students --Generating income
through tuition fees & living offoreign students

Inbound

Outboundwww.rihed.seameo.org

4

Emerging Trends
Student Mobility
Asia: Greater mobility within the region
Outside of region

Intra-regionwww.rihed.seameo.org

5

Emerging Trends
Student Mobility: Exchange Platforms
More student exchanges based on
multilateral arrangements

Bilateral

Multilateralwww.rihed.seameo.org

6

Emerging Trends
Program Mobility• Joint degree program• Double/Dual degree program• Twinning/ partnered: “2+1”, “2+2”, “3+0”,etc.
• Franchise program• Distance/ online program

www.rihed.seameo.org

7

Emerging Trends
Institution Mobility

Asia: Branch/ Offshore campuses
ReceiverProvider

www.rihed.seameo.org

8

SEA: 3+ Decades of Accelerated
Socio-Economic Change
Main driving forces:• National policies* Economic development  greater wealth, greater demand* Education reform & supports  internationalization, scholarships+• Globalization* Trade* Technology* Human inquiry* International agreements: GATSGlobalization• Regionalization* ASEAN Community
www.rihed.seameo.org

Regionalization9

Benefits• Knowledge and skills• Employment opportunities• National and organizational capacity building• International understanding• Source of revenues for the economy and HEI

www.rihed.seameo.org

10Cultivating globalized
human resources
Human resource with trans-system competency

 Know what
 Know how (the system works)

 Know who

www.rihed.seameo.org

11Know What
Substantive knowledge and skills• Cutting-edge knowledge• Local knowledge
Knowledge Gapswww.rihed.seameo.org

Skill Gaps

12

Know How (Context)• Cultural• Political• Societal• Economic• Organizational
Cultural Gaps…

www.rihed.seameo.org

13

Know Who
• Professors• Peers• Colleagues• Networks• Personal friendshipwww.rihed.seameo.org

14

Cost/Benefit of Student Mobility• Costs: Addition• Benefits: Multiplicationwww.rihed.seameo.org

15

Multiple Modes of Mobility
CULTIVATING GLOBALISED HRs

3. Practice:Regional Internship1. Learning (class):
Student Exchange
2. Learning frompeer+:
Student Campwww.rihed.seameo.org

16Enabling Mechanisms
National & Regional/Global Levels

Key Policy Instruments• Funding• Recognition: institution & academic program -degree• Credit transfer

Other Policy Instruments• Academic calendar• Visa …
www.rihed.seameo.org

17Supporting Mechanisms
National & Institutional Levels• Scholarships & loans• Institution, program, and other information• Housing facilities• Health insurance• Linguistic tutoring• Administrative and social supports• Academic & industrial collaboration• etc
www.rihed.seameo.org

18

The ASEAN International Mobility for Students(AIMS) Programme

19

AIMS: Programme Overview• Multilateral student exchange program• Launched in 2010 as the Malaysia-IndonesiaThailand (M-I-T) Student Mobility Pilot Project• With expansion, name changed to ASEAN
International Mobility for Students
Programme (AIMS)

www.rihed.seameo.org

20

AIMS: Members and Numbers
1 university

9 universities
VietnamJoined in 2012

By 2015

Progress

500 students
10 fields

By 2011~ 260 students
5 fields
3 countries (M, I, T)

By 2013> 500 students
10 countries
7 fields
7 countries (M, I, T, V, B, P, J)

More than 500 students
exchanged under theProgram (as of May 2013)

7 universities
7 universities
12 universities

www.rihed.seameo.org

21

AIMS: Study Fields
5 Initial Study Fields
Hospitality and Tourism

2 New Study
FieldsAgriculture

Engineering

Language and Culture

Economics

International Business
Food Science and Technology

www.rihed.seameo.org

22

AIMS: Current Arrangements
Multi-lateral Framework
undergraduate

Ministries & HEIs

HEIs nominated by Ministries
International academicprogram
Fields of study• determined collectively byparticipating countries

Government scholarships* Additional funding from othersources encouraged••

www.rihed.seameo.org

Specific # of students exchange
and arrangements based on
HEIs bi-lateral agreements
HEIs to share curricula andsyllabi

23

AIMS: Agreed Flexibilities• Principle of reciprocity on # of exchangedstudents• # of Government-sponsored scholarships for
new countries• Financing student exchanges

www.rihed.seameo.org

24

ACTFA
Academic Credit Transfer
Framework for Asia

www.rihed.seameo.org

25ACTFA• Developed from a policy action research funded by• Focus on building blocks: Courses  Applicable tocourses in module, semester, and quarter• Manage at the level of system components

www.rihed.seameo.org

26

ACTFA’s 4 Key Components

1

2

MutualRecognition

CreditTransfer(Must agree)(Must agree)

www.rihed.seameo.org

3

GradeTransfer

4Supporting
Mechanisms &SystemContext(Flexible)

27

Academic Credit Transfer Framework for Asia

(ACTFA)
I. Recognition
 Level ofrecognition- institutional

 Type of courses(core & elective)- academic program(must agree)II. Credit # of teachinghours

III. Grade Letter grade(included in GPA calculation)

 S/U grade(excluded in GPA calculation)(must agree)(flexible)

IV. Information Infrastructureo Accreditation documents by authorized organizationso Course descriptiono Workload & # of creditso Agreed study plano etc28

Fostering Student Mobility:
A Call for Collective Actions
Establishing and Enriching Multilateral Platforms forStudent Exchange• Scholarships: from various sources• Scholarships: access based on merit• Agreement on common principles, allowing flexibility toaccommodate diversities• Active roles of governments and HEIs
• Broad basewww.rihed.seameo.org

29Fostering Student Mobility:
A Call for Collective Actions
Programs and Format• Academic programs based on regional strengths• Diversified collaborative formats: joint programs, etc• Research collaboration with graduate students
involvement• Cross-border internship programs• Cross-border community service programs

www.rihed.seameo.org

30

Fostering Student Mobility:
A Call for Collective Actions
Harmonization• Recognition• Academic credit transfer• Diploma supplement• Academic calendar

www.rihed.seameo.org

31Fostering Student Mobility:
A Call for Collective Actions
Quality Assurance• National & institutional QA• Regional frameworko QA frameworko Qualification framework• Needs to ensure quality in a rapidly changing HEenvironment:o Increase in # of HEIs—public and privateo Highly diversified, non-traditional program forms
o Non-traditional institution arrangements--offshore
www.rihed.seameo.org

32

QA
Input- & Process-Based  Output- & Outcome-Basedwww.rihed.seameo.org

33

Fostering Student Mobility:
A Call for Collective Actions
Harmonization• Comparability• Compatibility

www.rihed.seameo.org&DiversityMeeting• Needs• Preferences

34

Regional collaboration
to cultivate globalized human resources
for long lasting prosperity and peacewww.rihed.seameo.org

35

Thank You
SEAMEO RIHEDYour Partner in Higher Educationwww.rihed.seameo.org

36