The words “as well”, “too” and “also” just mean the same thing.
The words “as well” and “too” go at the end of the sentence,but the word “also” usually goes after the first auxiliary verb.

157

1. My teacher is kind.
2. My friend is kind too.
3. My sister is kind as well.
4. My mother is also kind.
5. The lady is working hard.
6. The man is working hard too.
7. The woman is working hard as well.
8. The manager is also working hard.

158

1. The students went home early yesterday. Repeat.
2. The students went home early yesterday. Change: teachers. --- [The teachers
went home early yesterday.]
3. The teachers went home early yesterday. Add: too. --- [The teachers went
home early yesterday too.]
4. The teachers went home early yesterday too. Change: as well. --- [Theteachers went home early yesterday as well.]
5. The teachers went home early yesterday as well. Change: also. --- [Theteachers also went home early yesterday.]
6. The teachers also went home early yesterday. Change: I. --- [I also went homeearly yesterday.]
7. I also went home early yesterday. Change: my father. --- [My father also went
home early yesterday.]
8. My father also went home early yesterday. Change: as well. --- [My father
went home early yesterday as well.]159

1. I also went to the mall yesterday. Repeat.
2. I also went to the mall yesterday. Transform: who. --- [Who also went to themall yesterday?]
3. I also went to the mall yesterday. Transform: when. --- [When did you also go
to the mall?]
4. My sister looks tired today too. Repeat.
5. My sister looks tired today too. Transform: who. --- [Who looks tired today
too?]
6. My sister looks tired today too. Transform: when. --- [When does your sisterlook tired too?]
7. My teacher seems tired today as well. Repeat.
8. My teacher seems tired today as well. Transform: who. --- [Who seems tired
today as well?]
9. My teacher is also tired today. Repeat.
10. My teacher is also tired today. Transform: who. --- [Who is also tired today?]
11. Her professor seems kind as well. Repeat.
12. Her professor seems kind as well. Transform: who. --- [Who seems kind as
well?]

160

1. She looks beautiful in her white dress. Repeat.
2. She looks beautiful in her white dress. Add: also. --- [She also looks beautiful
in her white dress.]
3. She also looks beautiful in her white dress. Change: as well. --- [She looks
beautiful in her white dress as well.]
4. She looks beautiful in her white dress as well. Change: too. --- [She looks
beautiful in her white dress too.]
5. She looks beautiful in her white dress too. Change: looked. --- [She looked
beautiful in her white dress too.]
6. She looked beautiful in her white dress too. Change: her sister. --- [Her sister
looked beautiful in her white dress too.]
7. Her sister looked beautiful in her white dress too. Add: and friend. --- [Hersister and friend looked beautiful in their white dresses too.]
8. Her sister and friend looked beautiful in their white dresses too. Change:
also. --- [Her sister and friend also looked beautiful in their white dresses.]161

1. That man also looks familiar to me. Repeat.
2. That man also looks familiar to me. Change: too. --- [That man looks familiar
to me too.]
3. That man looks familiar to me too. Change: as well. --- [That man looks
familiar to me as well.]
4. That man looks familiar to me as well. Change: he. --- [He looks familiar to me
as well.]
5. He looks familiar to me as well. Change: they. --- [They look familiar to me aswell.]
6. They look familiar to me as well. Change: seem. --- [They seem familiar to me
as well.]
7. They seem familiar to me as well. Change: us. --- [They seem familiar to us aswell.]
8. They seem familiar to us as well. Change: seemed. --- [They seemed familiar
to us as well.]162

1. The manager interviewed my friend too. Repeat.
2. The manager interviewed my friend too. Change: as well. --- [The manager
interviewed my friend as well.]
3. The manager interviewed my friend as well. Change: also. --- [The manager
also interviewed my friend.]
4. The manager also interviewed my friend. Change: them. --- [The manager
also interviewed them.]
5. The manager also interviewed them. Change: shop owner. --- [The shop
owner also interviewed them.]
6. The shop owner also interviewed them. Change: too. --- [The shop ownerinterviewed them too.]
7. The shop owner interviewed them too. Change: as well. --- [The shop ownerinterviewed them as well.]163[1. The lady is working hard too.][2. That man also looks familiar to me.][3. My sister is kind as well.][4. My father went home early as well.][5. She also looks beautiful.][6. They are teaching English too.]164

Please refer to the definition file.

165

166

1. I am a student, it’s correct.
2. The movie was enjoyable.
3. They have an enormous house in the city.
4. Going home late at night is dangerous.
5. They did not clean the house; it’s dirty.
6. His shoes are full of dirt because it rained.
7. Each student has individual work to do.

167

8. The boat is 20 feet in length.
9. The room was in total darkness.
10. Don’t put the glass near the edge of the table.
11. The bill is due next month.
12. The current issue in my town is poor public transportation.
13. She has an edge over the others in her company.

1681. The movie was nice.
2. The movie was beautiful.
3. The movie was interesting.
4. The movie was enjoyable.
5. The activity was enjoyable.
6. The training was enjoyable.
7. The competition was enjoyable.

1691. The movie was enjoyable. Repeat.
2. The movie was enjoyable. Change: competition. --- [The competition was
enjoyable.]
3. The competition was enjoyable. Change: training. --- [The training was
enjoyable.]
4. The training was enjoyable. Change: interesting. --- [The training wasinteresting.]
5. The training was interesting. Change: activity. --- [The activity wasinteresting.]
6. The activity was interesting. Change: nice. --- [The activity was nice.]
7. The activity was nice. Change: movie. --- [The movie was nice.]
8. The movie was nice. Change: beautiful. --- [The movie was beautiful.]170

1. I am a student. Repeat.
2. I am a student. Add: it’s correct. --- [I am a student; it’s correct.]
3. I am a student; it’s correct. Change: you, teacher. --- [You are a teacher; it’scorrect.]
4. You are a teacher, it’s correct. Add: English. --- [You are an English teacher;it’s correct.]
5. You are an English teacher; it’s correct. Change: true. --- [You are an English
teacher; it’s true.]
6. You are an English teacher; it’s true. Change: right. --- [You are an English
teacher; it’s right.]
7. You are an English teacher; it’s right. Transform: who. --- [Who is an English
teacher?]171

1. His shoes are dirty. Repeat.
2. His shoes are dirty. Add: socks. --- [His shoes and socks are dirty.]
3. His shoes and socks are dirty. Add: really. --- [His shoes and socks are reallydirty.]
4. His shoes and socks are really dirty. Add: because it rained. --- [His shoes
and socks are really dirty because it rained.]
5. His shoes and socks are really dirty because it rained. Add: last night. --- [Hisshoes and socks are really dirty because it rained last night.]

172

1. Going home late is dangerous. Repeat.
2. Going home late is dangerous. Change: alone. --- [Going home alone isdangerous.]
3. Going home alone is dangerous. Add: at night. --- [Going home alone at nightis dangerous.]
4. Going home alone at night is dangerous. Transform: what. --- [What isdangerous?]
5. Going home alone at night is dangerous. Change: late. --- [Going home late atnight is dangerous.]
6. Going home late at night is dangerous. Change: not good. --- [Going homelate at night is not good.]
7. Going home late at night is not good. Change: safe. --- [Going home late atnight is not safe.]
8. Going home late at night is not safe. Add: it’s dangerous. --- [Going home late
at night is not safe; it’s dangerous.]173

1. The boat is 20 feet in length. Repeat.
2. The boat is 20 feet in length. Change: book, 1 foot. --- [The book is 1 foot inlength.]3. The book is 1 foot in length. Change: table, 4 feet. --- [The table is 4 feet inlength.]4. The table is 4 feet in length. Transform: what. --- [What is 4 feet in length?]
5. The room was in darkness. Repeat.
6. The room was in darkness. Add: total. --- [The room was in total darkness.]
7. The room was in total darkness. Change: house. --- [The house was in total
darkness.]
8. The house was in total darkness. Add: last night. --- [The house was in total
darkness last night.]
9. The house was in total darkness last night. Change: our. --- [Our house wasin total darkness last night.]
10. Our house was in total darkness last night. Transform: when. --- [When was
our house in total darkness?]174

1. My friend is in a dark room. Repeat.
2. My friend is in a dark room. Change: big. --- [My friend is in a big room.
3. My friend is in a big room. Change: house. --- [My friend is in a big house.]
4. My friend is in a big house. Change: enormous. --- [My friend is in anenormous house.]
5. My friend is in an enormous house. Change: lives. --- [My friend lives in anenormous house.]
6. My friend lives in an enormous house. Change: has. --- [My friend has anenormous house.]
7. My friend has an enormous house. Change: brother. --- [My brother has anenormous house.]175

1. Each student has work to do. Repeat.
2. Each student has work to do. Add: individual. --- [Each student has individual
work to do.]
3. Each student has individual work to do. Change: worker. --- [Each worker has
individual work to do.]4. Each worker has individual work to do. Change: teacher. --- [Each teacher
has individual work to do.]
5. The bill is due next month. Repeat.
6. The bill is due next month. Add: phone. --- [The phone bill is due next month.]
7. The phone bill is due next month. Change: train, tomorrow. --- [The train isdue tomorrow.]176

8. The train is due tomorrow. Transform: when. --- [When is the train due?]
9. “The train is due tomorrow.” What does this sentence mean? --- [Thatsentence means that the train is expected to arrive tomorrow.]
10. She speaks English well. Repeat.
11. She speaks English well. Add: it’s her edge over the others. --- [She speaks
English well; it’s her edge over the others.]
12. She speaks English well; it’s her edge over the others. Add: in the company.
--- [She speaks English well; it’s her edge over the others in the company.]
13. She speaks English well; it’s her edge over the others in the company.
Change: he. --- [He speaks English well; it’s his edge over the others in thecompany.]177

1. Are his shoes really dirty because of the rain? --- Yes, his shoes … [Yes, hisshoes are really dirty because of the rain.]
2. What’s the noun of the word “dirty”? --- The noun of … [The noun of the word
“dirty” is “dirt”.]
3. Are their shoes full of dirt because of the rain? --- Yes, their shoes … [Yes,their shoes are full of dirt because of the rain.]
4. Is going home late at night safe? --- No, going home … [No, going home late
at night is not safe.]
5. Is going home alone at night dangerous? --- Yes, going home … [Yes, goinghome alone at night is dangerous.]
6. What is the current issue in their town? --- The current issue … [The current
issue in their town is poor public transportation.]
7. What is the current issue in your town? --- The current issue … [The current
issue in my town is.]
8. What’s the current news in your country? --- The current news … [Thecurrent news in my country is.]

178

1. Are his shoes really dirty because of the rain? --- [Yes, his shoes are reallydirty because of the rain.]
2. What’s the noun of the word “dirty”? --- [The noun of the word “dirty” is“dirt”.]
3. Are their shoes full of dirt because of the rain? --- [Yes, their shoes are full ofdirt because of the rain.]
4. Is going home late at night safe? --- [No, going home late at night isn’t safe;
it’s dangerous.]
5. Is going home alone at night dangerous? --- [Yes, going home alone at nightis dangerous.]
6. What is the current issue in their town? --- [The current issue in their place ispoor public transportation.]
7. What is the current issue in your town? --- [The current issue in my town is.]
8. What’s the current news in your country? --- [The current news in my country
is
.]

179

180

181

182

183

1. Each student has individual work to do.
2. The boat is 20 feet in length.
3. The room was in total darkness.
4. Don’t put the glass near the edge of the table.
5. The bill is due next month.
6. The current issue in my town is poor public transportation.
7. She has an edge over the others in her company.

184

1. The activity was amazing. Repeat.
2. The activity was amazing. Change: discussion. --- [The discussion wasamazing.]
3. The discussion was amazing. Change: seems. --- [The discussion seems
amazing.]
4. The discussion seems amazing. Change: my professor. --- [My professor
seems amazing.]
5. My professor seems amazing. Change: excellent. --- [My professor seems
excellent].
6. My professor seems excellent. Change: extraordinary. --- [My professor
seems extraordinary.]
7. My professor seems extraordinary. Change: our. --- [Our professor seems
extraordinary.]185

1. I also went to the mall yesterday. Repeat.
2. I also went to the mall yesterday. Transform: who. --- [Who also went to themall yesterday?]
3. I also went to the mall yesterday. Transform: when. --- [When did you also go
to the mall?]
4. My sister looks tired today too. Repeat.
5. My sister looks tired today too. Transform: who. --- [Who looks tired today
too?]
6. My sister looks tired today too. Transform: when. --- [When does your sisterlook tired too?]
7. My teacher seems tired today as well. Repeat.
8. My teacher seems tired today as well. Transform: who. --- [Who seems tired
today as well?]
9. My teacher is also tired today. Repeat.
10. My teacher is also tired today. Transform: who. --- [Who is also tired today?]
11. Her professor seems kind as well. Repeat.
12. Her professor seems kind as well. Transform: who. --- [Who seems kind as
well?]

186

1. The movie was nice.
2. The movie was beautiful.
3. The movie was interesting.
4. The movie was enjoyable.
5. The activity was enjoyable.
6. The training was enjoyable.
7. The competition was enjoyable.

1871. The movie was enjoyable. Repeat.
2. The movie was enjoyable. Change: competition. --- [The competition was
enjoyable.]
3. The competition was enjoyable. Change: training. --- [The training was
enjoyable.]
4. The training was enjoyable. Change: interesting. --- [The training wasinteresting.]
5. The training was interesting. Change: activity. --- [The activity wasinteresting.]
6. The activity was interesting. Change: nice. --- [The activity was nice.]
7. The activity was nice. Change: movie. --- [The movie was nice.]
8. The movie was nice. Change: beautiful. --- [The movie was beautiful.]188

1. That man is familiar. Repeat.
2. That man is familiar. Add: to me. --- [That man is familiar to me.]3. That man is familiar to me. Change: looks. --- [That man looks familiar to me.]4. That man looks familiar to me. Add: inside the house. --- [That man inside thehouse looks familiar to me.]5. That man inside the house looks familiar to me. Add: old. --- [That old man
inside the house looks familiar to me.]6. That old man inside the house looks familiar to me. Change: woman. --- [Thatold woman inside the house looks familiar to me.]189

1. She knows that singer. Repeat.
2. She knows that singer. Add: she is famous. --- [She knows that singer; she isfamous.]3. She knows that singer; she is famous. Add: because. --- [She knows thatsinger because she is famous.]
4. She knows that singer because she is famous. Add: beautiful. --- [She knowsthat beautiful singer because she is famous.]190

1. The street is broad. Repeat.
2. The street is broad. Change: river. --- [The river is broad.]
3. The river is broad. Change: lesson. --- [The lesson is broad.]
4. The lesson is broad. Change: his shoulders. --- [His shoulders are broad.]
5. His shoulders are broad. Change: wide. --- [His shoulders are wide.]
6. His shoulders are wide. Change: their. --- [Their shoulders are wide.]191

1. Is your friend tired today? --- Yes, my friend … [Yes, my friend is tired today.]
2. Does he look tired today? --- Yes, he looks … [Yes, he looks tired today.]
3. Does he seem tired today? --- Yes, he seems … [Yes, he seems tired today.]
4. Does he appear tired today? --- Yes, he appears …. [Yes, he appears tired
today.]
5. Does your friend have extra money to buy a new phone? --- No, my friend…[No, my friend doesn’t have extra money to buy a new phone.]
6. Have you seen an exciting movie? --- Yes, I have seen … [Yes, I have seen an
exciting movie.]
7. Is your friend famous? --- No, my friend … [No, my friend isn’t famous.]
8. What are the basic needs of people? --- The basic needs … [The basic needsof people are food, water, clothes, etc.]
9. Do you have an extraordinary friend? --- Yes, I have … [Yes, I have an
extraordinary friend.]
10. What amazing thing have you tried doing? --- I have tried … [I have triedand it was amazing!]

192

[1. The lady is working hard too.][2. That man also looks familiar to me.][3. My sister is kind as well.][4. My father went home early as well.][5. She also looks beautiful.][6. They are teaching English too.]193

1. Are his shoes really dirty because of the rain? --- [Yes, his shoes are reallydirty because of the rain.]
2. What’s the noun of the word “dirty”? --- [The noun of the word “dirty” is“dirt”.]
3. Are their shoes full of dirt because of the rain? --- [Yes, their shoes are full ofdirt because of the rain.]
4. Is going home late at night safe? --- [No, going home late at night isn’t safe;
it’s dangerous.]
5. Is going home alone at night dangerous? --- [Yes, going home alone at nightis dangerous.]
6. What is the current issue in their town? --- [The current issue in their place ispoor public transportation.]
7. What is the current issue in your town? --- [The current issue in my town is.]
8. What’s the current news in your country? --- [The current news in my country
is
.]

194

1. My friend has money to buy a dress. Write.
Change: sister --- [My sister has money to buy a dress.]
2. That old man inside the house looks familiar to me. Write.
Change: woman --- [That old woman inside the house looks familiar to me.]
3. My professor seems excellent. Write.
Change: extraordinary --- [My professor seems extraordinary.]
4. The teachers went home early yesterday too. Write.
Change: as well --- [The teachers went home early yesterday as well.]
5. She looked beautiful in her white dress too. Write.
Change: her sister --- [Her sister looked beautiful in her white dress too.]
6. My friend is in an enormous house. Write.
Change: lives --- [My friend lives in an enormous house.]

195

Sentences can be active or passive depending on who does the action. In
active sentences,
The subject is the doer of the action, such as, “The man kicks the table”, “He
washed his car”, etc.
Whereas, in passive sentences, the subject is not the doer of the action but thereceiver of the action instead.
Examples: “The table is kicked by the man”, “His car was washed by him”, etc.
Also, the doer of the action may not always be stated in passive sentences.

196

1. The man eats an apple.
2. An apple is eaten by the man.
3. The boy is kicking the table.
4. The table is being kicked by the boy.
5. I washed my car.
6. My car was washed by me.
7. He took the book from the table.
8. The book was taken from the table.
9. She was writing a letter for her family.
10. A letter for her family was being written by her.

197

1. “She is reading that book” is a passive sentence. --- [incorrect – active
sentence]
2. “The girl is eating a box of chocolate” is an active sentence. --- [correct]
3. “The book is being read by her” is a passive sentence. --- [correct]
4. “The girl ate a box of chocolate” is an active sentence. --- [correct]
5. “Her car was washed” is a passive sentence. --- [correct]
6. “The table is being kicked by the boy” is an active sentence. --- [incorrect –passive sentence]
7. “The apple was already eaten” is an active sentence. --- [incorrect – passive
sentence]
8. “A letter was being sent to him” is a passive sentence. --- [correct]
9. “I already did my homework” is a passive sentence. --- [incorrect – active
sentence]
10. “My homework was already done” is an active sentence. --- [incorrect –passive sentence]198

1. The man eats an apple. Repeat.
2. The man eats an apple. Transform: passive. --- [An apple is eaten by theman.]
3. The man ate an apple. Repeat.
4. The man ate an apple. Transform: passive. --- [An apple was eaten by theman.]
5. The man is eating an apple. Repeat.
6. The man is eating an apple. Transform: passive. --- [An apple is being eatenby the man.]
7. The man was eating an apple. Repeat.
8. The man was eating an apple. Transform: passive. --- [An apple was being
eaten by the man.]

199

9. The boy is kicking the table. Repeat.
10. The boy is kicking the table. Transform: passive. --- [The table is being
kicked by the boy.]
11. The boy kicks the table. Repeat.
12. The boy kicks the table. Transform: passive. --- [The table is kicked by theboy.]
13. The boy was kicking the table. Repeat.
14. The boy was kicking the table. Transform: passive. --- [The table was being
kicked by the boy.]
15. The boy kicked the table. Repeat.
16. The boy kicked the table. Transform: passive. --- [The table was kicked by
the boy.]200

1. She writes a letter. Repeat.
2. She writes a letter. Add: for her family. --- [She writes a letter for her family.]
3. She writes a letter for her family. Transform: passive. --- [A letter for her
family is written by her.]
4. A letter for her family is being written by her. Repeat.
5. A letter for her family is being written by her. Transform: active. --- [She iswriting a letter for her family.]
6. A letter for her family was written by her. Transform: active. --- [She wrote a
letter for her family.]
7. A letter for her family was being written by her. Transform: active. --- [Shewas writing a letter for her family.]
8. The table is kicked by the boy. Repeat.
9. The table is kicked by the boy. Transform: active. --- [The boy kicks the table.]
10. The table is being kicked by the boy. Transform: active. --- [The boy iskicking the table.]
11. The table was kicked by the boy. Transform: active. --- [The boy kicked thetable.]
12. The table was being kicked by the boy. Transform: active. --- [The boy was
kicking the table.]201

1. The man took the book from the table. Repeat.
2. The man took the book from the table. Transform: passive. --- [The book was
taken from the table by the man.]
3. The book is being taken from the table by the man. Repeat.
4. The book is being taken from the table by the man. Transform: active. --- [Theman is taking the book from the table.]
5. The man was taking the book from the table. Repeat.
6. The man was taking the book from the table. Transform: passive. --- [Thebook was being taken from the table by the man.]
7. The book is taken from the table by the man. Repeat.
8. The book is taken from the table by the man. Transform: active. --- [The man
takes the book from the table.]202

9. The apple was eaten by the girl. Repeat.
10. The apple was eaten by the girl. Transform: active. --- [The girl ate theapple.]
11. The girl was eating the apple. Repeat.
12. The girl was eating the apple. Transform: passive. --- [The apple was being
eaten by the girl.]
13. The apple is being eaten by the girl. Repeat.
14. The apple is being eaten by the girl. Transform: active. --- [The girl is eating
the apple.]
15. The girl eats the apple. Repeat.
16. The girl eats the apple. Transform: passive. --- [The apple is eaten by the
girl.]

203

1. My car was washed. Repeat.
2. My car was washed. Add: by me. --- [My car was washed by me.]
3. My car was washed by me. Transform: active. --- [I washed my car.]
4. I washed my car. Change: my father. --- [My father washed my car.]
5. My father washed my car. Transform: passive. --- [My car was washed by myfather.]
6. My car was washed by my father. Add: being. --- [My car was being washedby my father.]
7. My car was being washed by my father. Transform: active. --- [My father waswashing my car.]
8. My father was washing my car. Change: is. --- [My father is washing my car.]
9. My father is washing my car. Transform: passive. --- [My car is being washedby my father.]
10. My father is washing my car. Transform: who. --- [Who is washing my car?]204

1. Your brother is washing your car. Repeat.
2. Your brother is washing your car. Transform: who. --- [Who is washing mycar?]
3. Are you washing your car now? --- [No, I’m not washing my car now.]
4. Is your car being washed now? --- [No, my car is not being washed now.]
5. Are you eating an apple now? --- [No, I’m not eating an apple now.]
6. Are you reading that book? --- [No, I’m not reading this book.]
7. Is that book read by you? --- [No, this book isn’t read by me.]8. The apple is being eaten. Repeat.
9. The apple is being eaten. Add: by the girl. --- [The apple is being eaten by the
girl.]
10. The apple is being eaten by the girl. Transform: active. --- [The girl is eating
the apple.]
11. The girl is eating the apple. Transform: who. --- [Who is eating the apple?]205

Please refer to the definition file.

206

207

1. He dropped me off at the shop.
2. They dropped their daughter off at her school yesterday.
3. Hurry up! You’re going to be late.
4. My family picked me up at the airport yesterday.
5. She shut up when he arrived.
6. I look forward to going to other countries.
7. The man keeps in touch with his friend.
8. His parents brought them up very well.
9. We went to the train station to see her off.
10. To bring somebody up is not easy.

208

1. We will go to the train station. Repeat.
2. We will go to the train station. Change: went. --- [We went to the train station.]
3. We went to the train station. Add: yesterday. --- [We went to the train station
yesterday.]
4. We went to the train station yesterday. Add: to see her off. --- [We went to thetrain station yesterday to see her off.]
5. We went to the train station yesterday to see her off. Change: future simple. -- [We will go to the train station to see her off.]
6. We will go to the train station to see her off. Change: him. --- [We will go to
the train station to see him off.]
7. We will go to the train station to see him off. Transform: who. --- [Who will goto the train station to see him off?]209

1. He dropped me off at the shop. Repeat.
2. He dropped me off at the shop. Change: home. --- [He dropped me off athome.]
3. He dropped me off at home. Change: school. --- [He dropped me off at
school.]4. He dropped me off at school. Change: daughter. --- [He dropped his daughter
off at school.]
5. He dropped his daughter off at school. Change: mall. --- [He dropped his
daughter off at the mall.]
6. He dropped his daughter off at the mall. Change: supermarket. --- [Hedropped his daughter off at the supermarket.]
7. He dropped his daughter off at the supermarket. Change: will drop off. --- [Hewill drop his daughter off at the supermarket.]210

1. You’re going to be late. Repeat.
2. You’re going to be late. Add: Hurry up! --- [Hurry up! You’re going to be late.]
3. Hurry up! You’re going to be late. Change: miss the train. --- [Hurry up!
You’re going to miss the train.]
4. Hurry up! You’re going to miss the train. Change: bus. --- [Hurry up! You’regoing to miss the bus.]
5. Hurry up! You’re going to miss the bus. Change: plane. --- [Hurry up! You’regoing to miss the plane.]
6. What does “hurry up!” mean? --- [“Hurry up!” means to act or move quickly.]
7. What do we say to people when we want them to move quickly? --- [We say“hurry up!” to people when we want them to move quickly.]211

1. I look forward to going to other countries. Repeat.
2. I look forward to going to other countries. Change: England. --- [I lookforward to going to England.]3. I look forward to going to England. Change: she. --- [She looks forward togoing to England.]4. She looks forward to going to England. Change: they. --- [They look forward
to going to England.]5. They look forward to going to England. Change: getting married. --- [Theylook forward to getting married.]
6. They look forward to getting married. Change: studying English. --- [Theylook forward to studying English.]
7. They look forward to studying English. Change: visiting his family. --- [Theylook forward to visiting his family.]212

1. She shut up. Repeat.
2. She shut up. Add: when he arrived. --- [She shut up when he arrived.]
3. She shut up when he arrived. Change: shouted. --- [She shut up when heshouted.]4. She shut up when he shouted. Change: she. --- [She shut up when she
shouted.]5. She shut up when she shouted. Change: her sister. --- [Her sister shut up
when she shouted.]
6. Her sister shut up when she shouted. Transform: who. --- [Who shut up when
she shouted?]
7. Her sister shut up when she shouted. Change: the man talked. --- [Her sistershut up when the man talked.]213

1. My family picked me up at the airport yesterday. Repeat.
2. My family picked me up at the airport yesterday. Change: he. --- [He picked
me up at the airport yesterday]
3. He picked me up at the airport yesterday. Change: they. --- [They picked me
up at the airport yesterday.]
4. They picked me up at the airport yesterday. Change: her. --- [They picked her
up at the airport yesterday.]
5. They picked her up at the airport yesterday. Change: we. --- [We picked her
up at the airport yesterday.]
6. We picked her up at the airport yesterday. Change: last week. --- [We picked
her up at the airport last week.]
7. We picked her up at the airport last week. Change: them. --- [We picked themup at the airport last week.]214

1. His parents brought them up very well. Repeat.
2. His parents brought them up very well. Change: my, us. --- [My parents
brought us up very well.]
3. My parents brought us up very well. Change: her, her. --- [Her parents
brought her up very well.]
4. Her parents brought her up very well. Change: your, you. --- [Your parents
brought you up very well.]
5. Your parents brought you up very well. Transform: who. --- [Who brought you
up very well?]
6. He keeps in touch with me. Repeat.
7. He keeps in touch with me. Change: her. --- [He keeps in touch with her.]
8. He keeps in touch with her. Change: us. --- [He keeps in touch with us.]
9. He keeps in touch with us. Change: they. --- [They keep in touch with us.]
10. They keep in touch with us. Change: them. --- [They keep in touch withthem.]
11. They keep in touch with them. Transform: who. --- [Who keep in touch withthem?]
12. They keep in touch with them. Add: have, since last year. --- [They have kept
in touch with them since last year.]215[1. They picked me up at the airport yesterday.][2. She has kept in touch with him for many years now.][3. You’ll be late if you don’t hurry up.]
[4. We went to the train station to see her off.]216

[5. I look forward to seeing you in America.][6. He shut up when the manager arrived.][7. His parents dropped him off at the supermarket yesterday.][8. They brought her up very well.]217

We use this construction to describe what needs to be done to people, things,
objects, etc, or what they need to do.
For example, “You need to be examined”, “The car has to be washed”,etc.

218

1. She needs to be loved.
2. The baby has to be cared for.
3. His answers need to be corrected.
4. The lesson has to be learned.
5. The plates need to be washed.
6. The letter needs to be sent.
7. The class needs to be extended.

219

1. The letter needs to be sent. Repeat.
2. The letter needs to be sent. Change: received. --- [The letter needs to bereceived.]
3. The letter needs to be received. Change: read. --- [The letter needs to beread.]
4. The letter needs to be read. Change: book. --- [The book needs to be read.]
5. The book needs to be read. Change: has. --- [The book has to be read.]
6. The book has to be read. Change: that. --- [That book has to be read.]
7. That book has to be read. Change: given. --- [That book has to be given.]220

1. She needs love. Repeat.
2. She needs love. Add: to be. --- [She needs to be loved.]
3. She needs to be loved. Change: he. --- [He needs to be loved.]
4. He needs to be loved. Change: examined. --- [He needs to be examined.]
5. He needs to be examined. Add: by the doctor. --- [He needs to be examinedby the doctor.]
6. He needs to be examined by the doctor. Transform: who. --- [Who needs to be
examined by the doctor?]
7. He needs to be examined by the doctor. Add: tomorrow. --- [He needs to be
examined by the doctor tomorrow.]221

1. His answers need to be corrected. Repeat.
2. His answers need to be corrected. Change: her. --- [Her answers need to becorrected.]
3. Her answers need to be corrected. Change: changed. --- [Her answers need
to be changed.]
4. Her answers need to be changed. Change: my. --- [My answers need to bechanged.]
5. My answers need to be changed. Change: clothes. --- [My clothes need to bechanged.]
6. My clothes need to be changed. Change: design. --- [My design needs to bechanged.]
7. My design needs to be changed. Change: our. --- [Our design needs to bechanged].

222

1. The document has to be kept. Repeat.
2. The document has to be kept. Change: sent. --- [The document has to be
sent.]
3. The document has to be sent. Add: important. --- [The important document
has to be sent.]
4. The important document has to be sent. Add: to him. --- [The important
document has to be sent to him.]
5. The important document has to be sent to him. Change: needs. --- [Theimportant document needs to be sent to him.]
6. The important document needs to be sent to him. Change: them. --- [Theimportant document needs to be sent to them.]
7. The important document needs to be sent to them. Transform: what. --- [Whatneeds to be sent to them?]223

1. The plates need to be washed. Repeat.
2. The plates need to be washed. Change: car. --- [The car needs to be washed.]
3. The car needs to be washed. Change: my. --- [My car needs to be washed.]
4. My car needs to be washed. Add: by my brother. --- [My car needs to be
washed by my brother.]
5. My car needs to be washed by my brother. Transform: active. --- [My brotherneeds to wash my car.]
6. My brother needs to wash my car. Transform: who. --- [Who needs to wash
my car?]
7. My car needs to be washed by my brother. Change: clothes. --- [My clothes
need to be washed by my brother.]224

[1. His answers need to be corrected.][2. He needs to be loved.][3. The important document needs to be sent to him.][4. I need to be examined by the doctor.][5. Our design needs to be changed.][6. The letter needs to be sent.]

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

1. The man eats an apple. Repeat.
2. The man eats an apple. Transform: passive. --- [An apple is eaten by theman.]
3. The man ate an apple. Repeat.
4. The man ate an apple. Transform: passive. --- [An apple was eaten by theman.]
5. The man is eating an apple. Repeat.
6. The man is eating an apple. Transform: passive. --- [An apple is being eatenby the man.]
7. The man was eating an apple. Repeat.
8. The man was eating an apple. Transform: passive. --- [An apple was being
eaten by the man.]232

9. The boy is kicking the table. Repeat.
10. The boy is kicking the table. Transform: passive. --- [The table is being
kicked by the boy.]
11. The boy kicks the table. Repeat.
12. The boy kicks the table. Transform: passive. --- [The table is kicked by theboy.]
13. The boy was kicking the table. Repeat.
14. The boy was kicking the table. Transform: passive. --- [The table was being
kicked by the boy.]
15. The boy kicked the table. Repeat.
16. The boy kicked the table. Transform: passive. --- [The table was kicked by
the boy.]233

1. We will go to the train station. Repeat.
2. We will go to the train station. Change: went. --- [We went to the train station.]
3. We went to the train station. Add: yesterday. --- [We went to the train station
yesterday.]
4. We went to the train station yesterday. Add: to see her off. --- [We went to thetrain station yesterday to see her off.]
5. We went to the train station yesterday to see her off. Change: future simple. -- [We will go to the train station to see her off.]
6. We will go to the train station to see her off. Change: him. --- [We will go to
the train station to see him off.]
7. We will go to the train station to see him off. Transform: who. --- [Who will goto the train station to see him off?]234

1. The letter needs to be sent. Repeat.
2. The letter needs to be sent. Change: received. --- [The letter needs to bereceived.]
3. The letter needs to be received. Change: read. --- [The letter needs to beread.]
4. The letter needs to be read. Change: book. --- [The book needs to be read.]
5. The book needs to be read. Change: has. --- [The book has to be read.]
6. The book has to be read. Change: that. --- [That book has to be read.]
7. That book has to be read. Change: given. --- [That book has to be given.]235

1. She writes a letter. Repeat.
2. She writes a letter. Add: for her family. --- [She writes a letter for her family.]
3. She writes a letter for her family. Transform: passive. --- [A letter for her
family is written by her.]
4.A letter for her family is being written by her. Repeat.
5. A letter for her family is being written by her. Transform: active. --- [She iswriting a letter for her family.]
6. A letter for her family was written by her. Transform: active. --- [She wrote a
letter for her family.]
7. A letter for her family was being written by her. Transform: active. --- [Shewas writing a letter for her family.]
8. The table is kicked by the boy. Repeat.
9. The table is kicked by the boy. Transform: active. --- [The boy kicks the table.]
10. The table is being kicked by the boy. Transform: active. --- [The boy iskicking the table.]
11. The table was kicked by the boy. Transform: active. --- [The boy kicked thetable.]
12. The table was being kicked by the boy. Transform: active. --- [The boy was
kicking the table.]236

1. He dropped me off at the shop. Repeat.
2. He dropped me off at the shop. Change: home. --- [He dropped me off athome.]
3. He dropped me off at home. Change: school. --- [He dropped me off at
school.]4. He dropped me off at school. Change: daughter. --- [He dropped his daughter
off at school.]
5. He dropped his daughter off at school. Change: mall. --- [He dropped his
daughter off at the mall.]
6. He dropped his daughter off at the mall. Change: supermarket. --- [Hedropped his daughter off at the supermarket.]
7. He dropped his daughter off at the supermarket. Change: will drop off. --- [Hewill drop his daughter off at the supermarket.]237

[1. They picked me up at the airport yesterday.][2. She has kept in touch with him for many years now.][3. You’ll be late if you don’t hurry up.]
[4. We went to the train station to see her off.]238

[5. I look forward to seeing you in America.][6. He shut up when the manager arrived.][7. His parents dropped him off at the supermarket yesterday.][8. They brought her up very well.]239

1. His answers need to be corrected. Repeat.
2. His answers need to be corrected. Change: her. --- [Her answers need to becorrected.]
3. Her answers need to be corrected. Change: changed. --- [Her answers need
to be changed.]
4. Her answers need to be changed. Change: my. --- [My answers need to bechanged.]
5. My answers need to be changed. Change: clothes. --- [My clothes need to bechanged.]
6. My clothes need to be changed. Change: design. --- [My design needs to bechanged.]
7. My design needs to be changed. Change: our. --- [Our design needs to bechanged.]240

1. The important document | needs to be sent to them.
2. He needs to be examined | by the doctor tomorrow.
3. Who needs to wash my car?⤵
4. What needs to be sent to them?⤵
5. My car needs to be washed | by my brother.

241

1. Your brother is washing your car. Repeat.
2. Your brother is washing your car. Transform: who. --- [Who is washing mycar?]
3. Are you washing your car now? --- [No, I’m not washing my car now.]
4. Is your car being washed now? --- [No, my car is not being washed now.]
5. Are you eating an apple now? --- [No, I’m not eating an apple now].
6. Are you reading that book? --- [No, I’m not reading this book.]
7. Is that book read by you? --- [No, this book isn’t read by me.]8. The apple is being eaten. Repeat.
9. The apple is being eaten. Add: by the girl. --- [The apple is being eaten by the
girl.]
10. The apple is being eaten by the girl. Transform: active. --- [The girl is eating
the apple.]
11. The girl is eating the apple. Transform: who. --- [Who is eating the apple?]242

1. My family picked me up at the airport yesterday. Repeat.
2. My family picked me up at the airport yesterday. Change: he. --- [He picked
me up at the airport yesterday.]
3. He picked me up at the airport yesterday. Change: they. --- [They picked me
up at the airport yesterday.]
4. They picked me up at the airport yesterday. Change: her. --- [They picked her
up at the airport yesterday.]
5. They picked her up at the airport yesterday. Change: we. --- [We picked her
up at the airport yesterday.]
6. We picked her up at the airport yesterday. Change: last week. --- [We picked
her up at the airport last week.]
7. We picked her up at the airport last week. Change: them. --- [We picked themup at the airport last week.]243

1. A letter for her family was being written by her.
2. The book is being taken from the table by the man.
3. They dropped their daughter off at her school yesterday.
4. We went to the train station yesterday to see her off.
5. The class needs to be extended.
6. The important document has to be sent to him.
7. The apple is being eaten by the girl.
8. His parents brought them up very well.

244