ENVIRONMENTAL POLICYTRENDS
FOR BUILDING ADECARBONISED SOCIETY IN
INDIA
INDIA-JAPAN EW
12 JANUARY 2023, NEW DELHI
R R Rashmi
Distinguished Fellow, TERIGlobal Emissions in 2019
Country

CO2 Emissions/year(Billion Tons)/ Gross

Share of global CO2emissions

Emission of CO2 per Capita(Tons/Person)

China

1426%

9.7

United States

6.6

13%

20.0

EU-28

4.3

9%

8.6

India

3.77%

2.7

Russia

2.55%

17.4

Japan

1.43%

10.7

Germany

0.82%

10.1

World

57.4 (Gross)49.5 (Net)

Source: Trends in Global CO2 Emissions 2020 Report. PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency)
https://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/downloads/pbl-2020-trends-in-global-co2-and_total-greenhouse-gas-emissions-2020-report_4331.pdf

EVOLUTION OF CLIMATE POLICY IN INDIA
2008

National Action Plan on Climate Change (Programme based) :8 National Missions: Solar, Energy Efficiency, Habitat, Agriculture,Water, Green India, Himalayan Ecosystem, Strategic Knowledge.

2009

Copenhagen goal: Emissions intensity reduction by 25% over 20052015

Nationally Determined Contributions(NDC):Mitigation (Target based): Emissions intensity reduction, Renewableenergy capacity, Carbon sink addition
Others (No targets): 5 goals on adaptation, finance and technology

2021

Net Zero goal to be achieved by 2070

2022

Updated NDCs: 3 targets relating to EI, RE and LiFE revisedLong Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) released

UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS (NDC)
Three quantitative goals:✓ To reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 45 percent by 2030 from 2005 level.
✓ To achieve 50% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030
✓ To create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional
forest and tree cover by 2030.
[Includes 2 indirect targets, not formally stated in NDCs]• Renewable energy capacity to be raised to 275 GW by 2022 and 500 GW by 2030.
• Reduce total emissions by 1 bn tons of CO2 emissions by 2030;

Other goals:• To put forward and further propagate healthy and sustainable way of living including
through a mass movement for LiFE – LiFEstyle for Environment..
✓ To adopt a climate friendly and a cleaner growth path.
✓ To better adapt to climate change: by enhancing investments in development programmes in sectors
vulnerable to climate change.
✓ To mobilize domestic and new & additional funds.
✓ To build capacities for quick diffusion of cutting edge climate technology in India.

4

ENERGY TRANSITION: STEPS TAKEN❑ RE capacity reached 42%: (172 GW against total capacity of408 GW)❑ Coal as share of electricity stable since 2016;❑ Gas share in energy supply to be raised to 15% by 2030
❑ Nuclear capacity to be increased 3 times by 2032;❑ Bio-fuel blending norms of 20% to be achieved by 2025;❑ Production Linked Incentives (USD 11 bn) for investment in 4
key areas:➢ Solar Cell manufacturing (USD 2.5 bn), EV auto components (USD 3.25bn), Advanced Cell batteries (USD 2.25 bn), Green Hydrogen &Electrolysers (USD2 bn)

CARBON MARKET IN INDIA
Experiments in India• India a large player in CDM: 1400 projects with 250 mn issued CERs
• Energy Saving Certificates under Energy Conservation Act;
• An obligation for all industrial units under Energy Conservation Act• Renewable Energy Certificate• An obligation for all DISCOMs Under Electricity Act• Coal Cess on production and import of coal @ Rs 400 (USD6) per tone

Emerging scenario• Renewable Energy consumption obligation for industrial units under EC Act• Carbon Market for ESCs denominated in CO2 terms to be ready by Aug 2023
• Carbon Market with sectoral EI caps could be introduced by 2026
• Indian entities in International Voluntary Carbon Market to continue• Green credit operations to be supported• Art 6.2 ITMO market is likely to move faster than Art 6.4 mechanisms

LONG TERM LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY(LT-LEDS), 2022
LT-LEDS for Net Zero by 2070 released by Govt of India at Sharm El
Sheikh:7 key sectors identified for intervention:i.

Low carbon development of electricity systems consistent withdevelopment
ii. Develop an integrated, efficient, inclusive low-carbon transport system
iii. Promote adaptation in urban design, energy and material-efficiency inbuildings, and sustainable urbanization
iv. Promote economy-wide decoupling of growth from emissions anddevelopment of an efficient, innovative low-emission industrial system
v. CO2 removal and related engineering solutions
vi. Enhancing Forest and vegetation cover consistent with socio-economicand ecological considerations
vii. Economic and financial aspects of low-carbon development

Way Forward❑ Sectoral roadmaps for transition:• Encourage better coordination within sectoral value chains❑ Provide time-limited fiscal and financial incentives❑ Create markets and demand for low-carbon fuels❑ Support infrastructure planning and investment inrenewables and cleaner fuels including green hydrogen❑ Establish institutional programme for sequestration

OPPORTUNITIES FOR COLLABORATION WITH JAPAN❑ Cooperation in development and dissemination of cleaner
technologies including green hydrogen, carbon capture etc.
❑ Capacity building, including sharing of good practices, onvarious themes including supporting implementation ofArticle 6❑ FDI in various sectors including infrastructure support❑ Public and private financing for industrial transitions

THANKYOU