Please refer to the definition file.

We can use the past tense of be + to-infinitive to talk about an arranged eventin the future mentioned at a certain time in the past. We can use this structure
to talk about past plans.
Ex.: She was to accompany me on this trip but her mother got sick.
I was to replace him with someone else but I took pity on him.
He was to steal money when he felt guilty.

1. She was to bake a cake for the fair.
2. I was to spray water on the plants yesterday.
3. He was about to steal from the shop when the security noticed him.
4. My father was to shave his beard when my mother said it looked good.
5. The child was about to slide down the stairs but his pants ripped.
6. The prisoner was about to escape but he was caught by the police.
7. I was to replace the jelly I ate from the fridge but my sister already told my mum.
8. We were to accompany our granny to the doctor when my dad volunteered to do it.
9. Mum was to boil potatoes for dinner but she forgot to buy some.
10. I was to reserve a table in the restaurant for today but I totally forgot.
11. My friend was about to invest in a business when I told him it was a scam.
12. I was to convince my brother to come with us to the party when our mum
told him to do so.

1. I was about to bake.
2. I was about to steal.
3. I was about to shave.
4. I was about to escape.
5. I was about to sleep.
6. I was about to eat.
7. I was about to stand up.

1. We were to spray paint on a car.
2. We were to slide down the pipe.
3. We were to replace the light bulb.
4. We were to accompany my mum.
5. We were to boil water.
6. We were to reserve seats.
7. We were to invest money.

1. I was to bake.
2. I was to bake cookies.
3. I was to bake cookies for her.
4. I was to bake cookies for her but she had an exam.
5. I was to bake cookies for her but she had an exam yesterday.
6. I was to bake cookies for her but she had an exam yesterday afternoon.

1. They were to convince their mum. Repeat.
2. They were to convince their mum. Change: dad.
3. They were to convince their dad. Change: accompany.
4. They were to accompany their dad. Change: he.
5. He was to accompany his dad. Change: dog.
6. He was to accompany his dog. Change: shave.
7. He was to shave his dog. Change: replace.
8. He was to replace his dog. Change: she.

1. Michael was about to steal money from the cashier. Repeat.
2. Michael was about to steal money from the cashier. Change: car, garage.
3. Michael was about to steal a car from the garage. Change: reserve, shop.
4. Michael was about to reserve a car from the shop. Change: buy, bike.
5. Michael was about to buy a bike from the shop. Change: cake, bakery.
6. Michael was about to buy a cake from the bakery. Change: bake, for.
7. Michael was about to bake a cake for the bakery. Change: I, bread.

183

1. Ben was to slide down. Repeat.
2. Ben was to slide down. Add: through a hole.
3. Ben was to slide down through a hole. Add: on the ground.
4. Ben was to slide down through a hole on the ground. Add: to get his camera.
5. Ben was to slide down through a hole on the ground to get his camera.
Add: but it was deep.
6. Ben was to slide down through a hole on the ground to get his camera,but it was deep. Add: too.

184

1. My mother was to boil water. Repeat.
2. Add: for tea.
3. Add: for her grandma.
4. Add: very irritable.
5. Add: 90-year-old.
6. Add: when she asked for a soda instead.

185

1. Do you invest your money?
2. Do you bake?
3. How do you convince people to believe in you?
4. Do you spray some oil on your hair?
5. Do you always reserve a table in a restaurant before going there?
6. What do you do when you see someone stealing something from a shop?

186

Please refer to the definition file.

187

188

189

1. His nails are dirty.
2. She likes testing her nerves with adventures.
3. The hospital patient needs assistance.
4. My father needs to take his pill every after meal.
5. Quick! Call an ambulance!
6. Drug abuse is one type of substance abuse.
7. The doctors have to put a tube in her mouth to make her breathe.
8. My sense of smell is quite strong.
9. Those who have the disease have to be separated from others.
10. She has been feeling under the weather for a couple of days now.

190

1. We transferred a patient.
2. We transferred a substance abuse patient.
3. We transferred a substance abuse patient with a breathing tube.
4. We transferred a substance abuse patient with a breathing tube to anotherhospital.
5. We transferred a substance abuse patient with a breathing tube to anotherhospital using the ambulance.

191

1. She needs pills for her nerves.
2. She needs pills for her disease.
3. She needs medicine for her disease.
4. We need medicine for her disease.
5. We need medicine for her nails.
6. We need a substance for her nails.
7. We need a substance for her patient.
8. We need an ambulance for her patient.

192

1. They will go to the hospital tomorrow for her fever. Repeat.
2. They will go to the hospital tomorrow for her fever. Change: his.
3. They will go to the hospital tomorrow for his fever. Change: doctor.
4. They will go to the doctor tomorrow for his fever. Change: pill.
5. They will go to the doctor tomorrow for his pill. Change: illness.
6. They will go to the doctor tomorrow for his illness. Change: later.
7. They will go to the doctor later for his illness. Change: disease.
8. They will go to the doctor later for his disease. Change: we.

193

1. I have a problem with my sense of smell.
2. I have a problem with my hearing.
3. I don’t have a problem with my hearing.
4. I don’t have a problem with my patient.
5. I don’t have a problem with the ambulance.
6. I have a big problem with the ambulance.
7. I have a big problem with my senses.

194

1. piercing
2. effect
3. coffee
4. insecticide
5. camera
6. prisoner
7. irritable
8. tube9. disease
10. weather
11. breathing

195

196

197

1. She is afraid to feel under the weather. Repeat.
2. She is afraid to feel under the weather. Add: again.
3. She is afraid to feel under the weather again. Add: after being a patient.
4. She is afraid to feel under the weather again after being a patient. Add: for amonth.
5. She is afraid to feel under the weather again after being a patient for a month. Add: with abreathing tube.

198

1. She needs pills. Repeat.
2. Add: for her nerves.
3. Add: and to control her senses.
4. Add: because she has a disease.
5. Add: which started on her nails.

199

1. I need to call an ambulance. Repeat.
2. I need to call an ambulance. Transform: who.
3. She has a tube for draining liquids out of her wound. Repeat.
4. She has a tube for draining liquids out of her wound. Transform: what.
5. He skipped school for he feels under the weather. Repeat.
6. He skipped school for he feels under the weather. Transform: why.
7. Rapid change of weather conditions can sometimes make you feel under theweather. Repeat.
8. Rapid change of weather conditions can sometimes make you feel under theweather. Transform: what.

200

9. “Under the weather” means to feel physically unwell. Repeat.
10. “Under the weather” means to feel physically unwell. Transform: what.
11. The child’s nails were so dirty. Repeat.
12. The child’s nails were so dirty. Transform: whose.
13. I took a pill last night for my fever. Repeat.
14. I took a pill last night for my fever. Transform: when.

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

1. I think coffee is very helpful to wake you up in the morning.
2. I think an alarm is very helpful to wake you up in the morning.
3. I think an alarm is very useful to wake you up in the morning.
4. I think tea is very useful to wake you up in the morning.
5. I think food is very useful to wake you up in the morning.
6. I think food is very important to wake you up in the morning.
7. We think food is very important to wake you up in the morning.
8. He thinks food is very important to wake you up in the morning.

2091. piercing
2. effect
3. coffee
4. insecticide
5. camera
6. prisoner
7. irritable
8. tube9. disease
10. weather
11. breathing210

1. I was to bake.
2. I was to bake cookies.
3. I was to bake cookies for her.
4. I was to bake cookies for her but she had an exam.
5. I was to bake cookies for her but she had an exam yesterday.
6. I was to bake cookies for her but she had an exam yesterday afternoon.

211

1. She needs pills for her nerves.
2. She needs pills for her disease.
3. She needs medicine for her disease.
4. We need medicine for her disease.
5. We need medicine for her nails.
6. We need a substance for her nails.
7. We need a substance for her patient.
8. We need an ambulance for her patient.

212

213

214

1. In my opinion, pancakes and eggs are good for breakfast. Repeat.
2. In my opinion, pancakes and eggs are good for breakfast. Change: lunch.
3. In my opinion, pancakes and eggs are good for lunch. Change: coffee.
4. In my opinion, pancakes and coffee are good for lunch. Change: view.
5. In my view, pancakes and coffee are good for lunch. Change: not.
6. In my view, pancakes and coffee are not good for lunch. Change: dinner.
7. In my view, pancakes and coffee are not good for dinner. Change: cake.
8. In my view, cake and coffee are not good for dinner. Change: as snacks.

215

1. I need to call an ambulance. Repeat.
2. I need to call an ambulance. Transform: who.
3. She has a tube for draining liquids out of her wound. Repeat.
4. She has a tube for draining liquids out of her wound. Transform: what.
5. He skipped school for he feels under the weather. Repeat.
6. He skipped school for he feels under the weather. Transform: why.
7. Rapid change of weather conditions can sometimes make you feel under theweather. Repeat.
8. Rapid change of weather conditions can sometimes make you feel under theweather. Transform: what.

216

9. “Under the weather” means to feel physically unwell. Repeat.
10. “Under the weather” means to feel physically unwell. Transform: what.
11. The child’s nails were so dirty. Repeat.
12. The child’s nails were so dirty. Transform: whose.
13. I took a pill last night for my fever. Repeat.
14. I took a pill last night for my fever. Transform: when.

217

1. Ben was to slide down. Repeat.
2. Ben was to slide down. Add: through a hole.
3. Ben was to slide down through a hole. Add: on the ground.
4. Ben was to slide down through a hole on the ground. Add: to get his camera.
5. Ben was to slide down through a hole on the ground to get his camera.
Add: but it was deep.
6. Ben was to slide down through a hole on the ground to get his camera,but it was deep. Add: too.

218

1. My mother was to boil water. Repeat.
2. Add: for tea.
3. Add: for her grandma.
4. Add: very irritable.
5. Add: 90-year-old.
6. Add: when she asked for a soda instead.

219

1. They will go to the hospital tomorrow for her fever. Repeat.
2. They will go to the hospital tomorrow for her fever. Change: his.
3. They will go to the hospital tomorrow for his fever. Change: doctor.
4. They will go to the doctor tomorrow for his fever. Change: pill.
5. They will go to the doctor tomorrow for his pill. Change: illness.
6. They will go to the doctor tomorrow for his illness. Change: later.
7. They will go to the doctor later for his illness. Change: disease.
8. They will go to the doctor later for his disease. Change: we.

220

1. What do you think about the latest gadgets like cellphones and iPods?
2. What is your position on all countries being independent?
3. From your point of view, is TV news important?
4. Do you agree or disagree that being online most of the time is bad for thehealth?
5. Do you have any views on world politics?
6. What is your opinion on government aid for the unemployed?
7. What’s your position on eating fast food every day?

221

1. I think cats are friendlier than dogs. Write. Transform: which
2. She has a tube for draining liquids out of her wound. Write. Transform: what -3. The child’s nails were so dirty. Write. Transform: whose
4. In my view, attractive people have a first impression advantage over ordinary
looking people. Write. Transform: What do you think...
5. “Under the weather” means to feel physically unwell. Write. Transform: what --222

Please refer to the definition file.

223

224

225

Structure: has/have + been + present participle of a verb
Words indicating duration of time such as ‘for’ and ‘since’ are not commonlyused when this tense indicates a recent activity or an action has just ended.
Ex.: She has been restoring photographs.
They have been trading cooking recipes.
These sentences can be followed by ‘just, lately, or recently’ though toemphasize the usage.
Ex.: He has been participating in class lately.
I have just been chopping onions.

226

1. They have been dating.
2. I have been assisting him in teaching.
3. She has just been chopping onions.
4. We have been leaning on the wall.
5. My dad has been restoring a motorcycle lately.
6. We have been trading goods with them.
7. He has been participating in class recently.
8. The police have been chasing the criminal.
9. The dog has been scratching the door.
10. I have been preserving fruits all morning.
11. We have been securing the boats before the storm.
12. They have been investigating those people.

227

1. We have been trading products.
2. We have been restoring products.
3. We have been chopping products.
4. We have been securing products.
5. We have been preserving products.
6. We have been investigating products.
7. We have been investigating people.
8. We have been assisting people.

228

1. Sheila has been dating lots of guys. Repeat.
2. Sheila has been dating lots of guys. Change: chase.
3. Sheila has been chasing lots of guys. Change: Dan.
4. Dan has been chasing lots of guys. Change: investigate.
5. Dan has been investigating lots of guys. Change: businesses.
6. Dan has been investigating lots of businesses. Change: secure.
7. Dan has been securing lots of businesses. Change: preserve.
8. Dan has been preserving lots of businesses. Change: houses.

229

1. The shy kid has been participating in class activities.
2. The shy kid has been scratching his table in class activities.
3. The shy kid has been scratching the wall during class activities.
4. The shy kid has been leaning on the wall during class activities.
5. The angry kid has been leaning on the wall during class activities.
6. The angry kid has been participating during class discussion.
7. The poor kid hasn’t been participating during class discussion.

230

1. Daniel and Ana have been dating each other recently. Repeat.
2. Daniel and Ana have been dating each other recently. Change: assisting, theteacher.
3. Daniel and Ana have been assisting the teacher recently. Change: they, lately.
4. They have been assisting the teacher lately. Change: investigate, recently.
5. They have been investigating the teacher recently. Change: we, students.
6. We have been investigating the students recently. Change: restore, painting.
7. We have been restoring the painting recently. Change: John, trade.

231

1. They have been chasing chickens.
2. They have been chasing and chopping chickens.
3. They have been chasing and chopping chickens into small parts.
4. They have been chasing and chopping chickens into small parts to sell.
5. They have been chasing and chopping chickens into small parts to sell in themarket.

232

1. She has been leaning. Repeat.
2. Add: on the kitchen counter.
3. Add: watching the cat.
4. Add: that has just been scratching.
5. Add: her ear.

233

1. I have been eating apples. Repeat.
2. I have been eating apples. Transform: what.
3. She has just been drinking coffee. Repeat.
4. She has just been drinking coffee. Transform: who.
5. Jill has been dating Jack lately. Repeat.
6. Jill has been dating Jack lately. Transform: who.
7. My dad has been chopping wood recently to prepare for winter. Repeat.
8. My dad has been chopping wood recently to prepare for winter. Transform:
why.

234

9. I’ve been assisting my mum with her work. Repeat.
10. I’ve been assisting my mum with her work. Transform: who.
11. The blind sheep has been leaning on its mother for support. Repeat.
12. The blind sheep has been leaning on its mother for support. Transform:
which.
13. We have been restoring a house recently. Repeat.
14. We have been restoring a house recently. Transform: what.
15. They have been trading game cards. Repeat.
16. They have been trading game cards. Transform: what.

235

Please refer to the definition file.

236

237

238

1. They love pizza.
2. I need to cut back on eating bacon.
3. They are picking cherries now.
4. I can do without steak in my diet.
5. She doesn’t like the smell of garlic.
6. You have to freeze meat to make it last.
7. I think I fancy a piece of cake.
8. We eat cereal in the morning.
9. They have to cut back on drinking to be healthier.
10. We can freeze leftover pizza for tomorrow.

239

1. We eat pizza every day.
2. We eat bacon every day.
3. We eat cereal every day.
4. We don’t eat cereal every day.
5. We don’t eat garlic every day.
6. We don’t buy garlic every day.
7. We don’t buy cherries every day.
8. We don’t buy steak every day.
9. We don’t fancy steak every day.
10. We don’t like steak every day.

240

1. I can do without pizza.
2. I can do without eating pizza.
3. I can do without eating pizza every night.
4. I can do without eating pizza and bacon every night.
5. I can do without eating pizza and bacon every night and cereal every morning.
6. I can do without eating pizza and bacon every night and cereal every morning
because I need to cut back.
7. I can do without eating pizza and bacon every night and cereal every morning
because I need to cut back on sugar too.

241

1. She promises to stay away from steak with too much garlic. Repeat.
2. She promises to stay away from steak with too much garlic. Change: pizza.
3. She promises to stay away from pizza with too much garlic. Change: cheese.
4. She promises to stay away from pizza with too much cheese. Change: he.
5. He promises to stay away from pizza with too much cheese. Change: food.
6. He promises to stay away from food with too much cheese. Change: sugar.
7. He promises to stay away from food with too much sugar. Change: dowithout.
8. He promises to do without food with too much sugar. Change: oil.

242

1. I will eat some cherries. Repeat.
2. I will eat some cherries. Add: Mary.
3. Mary and I will eat some cherries. Add: pizza.
4. Mary and I will eat some cherries and pizza. Add: cut back on.
5. Mary and I will eat some cherries and cut back on pizza. Add: tomorrow.
6. Mary and I will eat some cherries and cut back on pizza tomorrow. Add:
evening.
7. Mary and I will eat some cherries and cut back on pizza tomorrow evening.
Add: in Italy.

243

1. Our favorite foods are bacon, pizza, and steak.
2. Our favorite foods are cereal, bread, and steak.
3. Their favorite foods are cereal, bread, and fruits.
4. Their favorite foods are cereal, cheese, and cherries.
5. Their favorite foods are bananas, cheese, and cherries.
6. Their favorite fruits are bananas, apples, and cherries.
7. My favorite fruits are bananas, apples, and cherries.

244

1. You have to freeze pizza dough. Repeat.
2. You have to freeze pizza dough. Add: don’t.
3. Do you fancy steak for dinner? Change: bacon.
4. Mary was told to cut back on eating fast food. Add: and drinking soft drinks.
5. We eat breakfast cereal as snacks. Change: they.
6. We pick cherries in April. Transform: when.

245

1. He ate a lot of garlic I can smell it. Repeat.
2. He ate a lot of garlic I can smell it. Transform: present simple.
3. I will prepare the ingredients for the steak. Repeat.
4. I will prepare the ingredients for the steak. Transform: past simple.
5. We made pizza for dinner tonight. Repeat.
6. We made pizza for dinner tonight. Transform: present perfect.
7. We made pizza for dinner tonight. Transform: present perfect progressive.

246

8. My dad cuts back on high-cholesterol food. Repeat.
9. My dad cuts back on high-cholesterol food. Transform: present progressive.
10. She had frozen cherries for baking. Repeat.
11. She had frozen cherries for baking. Transform: past progressive.
12. I fancy fish for dinner tonight. Repeat.
13. I fancy fish for dinner tonight. Transform: past simple.

247

Please refer to the definition file.

248

249

250

come back and bring – require movement towards the speaker’s position.
Ex.: Tell me when you come back to school.
Please bring writing materials for the lecture.
go back and take – require the opposite, which is to move away from the
speaker’s position.
Ex.: Take some food with you when you go back to your hometown.
NOTE: Come back and go back can be both expressed by using the word
‘return’.

251

1. You need to take an umbrella with you to the convention.
2. She wants to go back to that fun festival.
3. Bring your notes when you come back to the lecture.
4. My mum was so mad. She told me to go back home.
5. Can you take strawberries to grandma?
6. Can you bring me that book, please?

2527. Everybody wants the senior inspector to come back to the investigation.
8. I’m bored so I’m going back to the robot exhibition.
9. Please take as many contest flyers as you want.
10. A mother is asking if she can bring her toddler to the workshop.
11. We go back home for some family occasions.
12. They will come back for the session.
13. He told me to take his heart to heaven with me.

253

1. They will come back for the workshop.
2. They will come back for the festival.
3. They will come back for the session.
4. They will come back for the convention.
5. They will come back for the lecture.
6. They will come back for the investigation.
7. They will come back for the exhibition.
8. They will come back for the contest.

254

1. We have to go back home to do our chores.
2. We have to go back to school to do our chores.
3. She has to go back to school to do her homework.
4. She has to go back to the session to finish her treatment.
5. She has to go back to the workshop to get her certificate.
6. I have to go back to the contest to get my certificate.
7. I have to go back to the lecture to get my laptop.

255

1. He told me to take his heart to heaven with me. Repeat.
2. He told me to take his heart to heaven with me. Change: love.
3. He told me to take his love to heaven with me. Change: my.
4. He told me to take my love to heaven with me. Change: hell.
5. He told me to take my love to hell with me. Change: bring.
6. He told me to bring my love to hell with me. Change: contest.
7. He told me to bring my love to the contest with me. Change: pet.
8. He told me to bring my pet to the contest with me. Change: exhibition.

256

1. Grandfather likes going back to his hometown for family occasions. Repeat.
2. Grandfather likes going back to his hometown for family occasions. Change:
mother, come back.
3. Mother likes coming back to her hometown for family occasions. Change: not,our.
4. Mother doesn’t like coming back to our hometown for family occasions.
Change: I, school.
5. I don’t like coming back to our hometown for school occasions. Change: goback, conventions.
6. I don’t like going back to our hometown for school conventions. Change:high school, festivals.
7. I don’t like going back to our high school for school festivals. Change: city,
lectures.

257

1. control
2. coffee
3. wood
4. steak
5. pizza
6. dough
7. toddler258

1. family
2. sensitive
3. visible
4. gasoline
5. attractive
6. festival
7. exhibition

259

260

1. Take the car to the mechanic. Repeat.
2. Change: bike.
3. Change: exhibition.
4. Change: bring.
5. Change: artwork.
6. Change: cookies.
7. Change: take.
8. Change: payment.

261

1. She brought food to the hospital. Change: office.
2. I came back from Paris yesterday. Change: tomorrow.
3. I have to go back home to get my car. Change: keys.
4. We asked him to take home some food. Change: drinks.
5. He has to bring me clothes for tomorrow. Change: the weekend.
6. The mailman brought some letters for us. Change: packages.
7. The thief took money and jewelry from our house. Change: appliances.

262

1. Where did you go last weekend?
2. What souvenirs did you take home with you from your last holiday?
3. If you could bring a friend with you to school, who would it be?

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

1. I can do without pizza.
2. I can do without eating pizza.
3. I can do without eating pizza every night.
4. I can do without eating pizza and bacon every night.
5. I can do without eating pizza and bacon every night and cereal every morning.
6. I can do without eating pizza and bacon every night and cereal every morning
because I needto cut back.
7. I can do without eating pizza and bacon every night and cereals every
morning because I needto cut back on sugar too.

272

1. control
2. coffee
3. wood
4. steak
5. pizza
6. dough
7. toddler

273

1. We have been trading products.
2. We have been restoring products.
3. We have been chopping products.
4. We have been securing products.
5. We have been preserving products.
6. We have been investigating products.
7. We have been investigating people.
8. We have been assisting people.

274

1. We have to go back home to do our chores.
2. We have to go back to school to do our chores.
3. She has to go back to school to do her homework.
4. She has to go back to the session to finish her treatment.
5. She has to go back to the workshop to get her certificate.
6. I have to go back to the contest to get my certificate.
7. I have to go back to the lecture to get my laptop.

275

1. family
2. sensitive
3. visible
4. gasoline
5. attractive
6. festival
7. exhibition276

1. She has been leaning. Repeat.
2. Add: on the kitchen counter.
3. Add: watching the cat.
4. Add: that has just been scratching.
5. Add: her ear.

277

1. He ate a lot of garlic and I can smell it. Repeat.
2. He ate a lot of garlic and I can smell it. Transform: present simple.
3. I will prepare the ingredients for the steak. Repeat.
4. I will prepare the ingredients for the steak. Transform: past simple.
5. We made pizza for dinner tonight. Repeat.
6. We made pizza for dinner tonight. Transform: present perfect.
7. We made pizza for dinner tonight. Transform: present perfect progressive.

278

8. My dad cuts back on high-cholesterol food. Repeat.
9. My dad cuts back on high-cholesterol food. Transform: present progressive. -10. She had frozen cherries for baking. Repeat.
11. She had frozen cherries for baking. Transform: past progressive.
12. I fancy fish for dinner tonight. Repeat.
13. I fancy fish for dinner tonight. Transform: past simple.

279

1. Where did you go last weekend?
2. What souvenirs did you take home with you from your last holiday?
3. If you could bring a friend with you to school, who would it be?

280

1. You have to freeze pizza dough. Repeat.
2. You have to freeze pizza dough. Add: don’t.
3. Do you fancy steak for dinner? Change: bacon.
4. Mary was told to cut back on eating fast food. Add: and drinking soft drinks.
5. We eat breakfast cereals as snacks. Change: they.
6. We pick cherries in April. Transform: when.

281

1. Take the car to the mechanic. Repeat.
2. Change: bike.
3. Change: exhibition.
4. Change: bring.
5. Change: artwork.
6. Change: cookies.
7. Change: take.
8. Change: payment.

282

1. The shy kid has been participating in class activities. Write.
2. You have to freeze pizza dough. Add: don’t.
3. I came back from Paris yesterday. Change: today.
4. I’ve been assisting my mum with her work. Transform: who.
5. Mary was told to cut back on eating fast food. Add: and drinking soft drinks. -6. We pick cherries in April. Transform: when.

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