Monitoring of SO2 concentration atthe summit of Mt. Fuji

SO2 emission from Asia

Inventory of sulfur in the atmosphere

D.G. Streets, N.Y. Tsai,H. Akimoto and K. Oka,
Trends in emissions ofacidifying species in Asia,
Water, Air and Soil Poll.,
130, 187-192, 2001.

Igarashi, Y.1; Sawa, Y.1; Yoshioka, K.2; Takahashi, H.3;
Matsueda, H.1; Fujii, K.4; Dokiya, Y.5
1) Geochemical Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute,Japan2) Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment Science,Japan
3) Atmospheric Environment and Applied Meteorology Research

Department, Meteorological Research Institute, Japan4) Kansai Environmental Engineering Center Co. (KANSO), Japan5) Edogawa University, Japan

This photo is fromwww2.ocn.ne.jp/~ynika57 .

From IPCC2001
Frequency distribution of SO2 concentration(1 min value) during Nov. 2002

A/D

System configuration
０－５ｖ

０－５ｖ

SO2 emission from Miyake-jima

マスフローメーター

SampleSAMPLE 0. 5�

OUT

STD G AS INGASOU T

ZEROAI R

OVERFLOW

標準ガス希釈器

Mixer（パラフィル+チャコール）（希釈率•1/100）

Scrubber for ‘zero air’ •OUTAug
2002

Dec AprAug2003••CompressorIN

Dec Apr

電子除湿器2004

0.4Mpaコンプレッサー••

Photo taken in Apr. 2002
from JMA HP

JMA HP

Summary and comparison of monthly medianSO2 concentrations with literature values
Remarks
Median of 1min data

October 2002

0.06±0.10

November 2002

0.12±0.26

December 2002

0.09±0.21

January 2003

0.13±0.38

February 2003

0.10±0.79

June 2003

0.07±0.22

July 2003

0.05±0.26

August 2003

0.04±0.23

September 2003

0.04±0.11

October 2003

0.07±1.19

July-August 19930.04±0.02

Average of 4 h data

July 1994

0.04±0.16

Median of 4 h data1994

about 0.2

Annual average levelSummer low

Diurnal changes are small !

Sekino et al.
(1997)

February, 2003

Summit of Mt. Fuji

Filliger et al.
(1994)

3776 mJungfraujoch,
SwissLuria et al.
(1992)

3580 mDecember 1988November 1989

34 1032 10

30 100

Mauna Loa,
Hawaii

3400 m<0.04(ND)-0.1

Range of monthly medianof 1 h data

Hatakeya et al.
(1995)

Northwest
Pacific Rim

0.5-3 km

October 1991

0.15-0.32

Range of average

Thornton et al.
(1997)

Sea of Japan,
39-46N

2-4 kmFebruary-March1993

0.131-0.762

Range of data

Determination limit:
LＤ（10σ）： 0.3 ppbv

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

11.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

22.2 2.4 2.6

SO2 Concentration range (ppbv)

Temporal trend of SO2concn. during winter（June 2003－October 2003）

}
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1010(ppbv)

3776 mWinter high

6 10

Detection limit, LC（3.29σ）： 0.1 ppbv
difinition by ISO and IUPAC

Zero8a)Max 14ppbv

8b)

2Summit of Mt. Fuji

3-0.2 06

Concentration of SO

Present study

SO2 conc. (ppbv)

Automated system with PCcontrol
Span calibration with SO 2 std.
and zeroing by ‘zero air’Zeroing every 11 hr (60 min)Span calibration every 23 hrSO2min
ガス自動分析装置構成図(60std. and 60 min ‘zeroDraw.No.
air’)
Date
2002/ 04/ 09
byS.N
1 Drawnmin dataacquisition
日本サーモエレクトロン株式会社
Analytical parameters available
such as flow rate (0.3L/min) etc.

Temporal trend of SO2concn. during winter（October 2002－February 2003）

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Month/Season(ppbv)

Altitude2Location

Concentration of SO

Remove days recorded values higher than 1ppbv
November, 2002

Authors420Wind speed (m/s)

Diurnal change in SO2 concentration (1 min value)

SO2 analyzer
TECO 43C-TL

SPAN

IN

スクラバー

ヒートレス
ドライヤー

Dec AprEXHAUST

SO2MODEL 43C-TL

ZERO

マスフロー 5.0 �ZEROSO2std. gas
SO2about 0.9 ppm

Mt. Suwanose-jima

Aug
2001

8 10セルマスフロー 50 m�

0.15Ｍ pa

0.15Mpa

Apr

4

排気SAMPLE

IN
TB-1

SPAN

Mt. Oyama,
Mt. Kirishima-yama Miyake-jimaislandMt. Sakura-jima

Aug Dec
2000

1 10RS-232

64
2045

NNW4536

W

36

W

27

SSW

27SSW

18SE

18SE

9ENE

9N

0Oct/06/02

Oct/26/02

Nov/15/02

Dec/05/02

Dec/25/02

Jan/14/03

Feb/03/03

NNWENE0
May/28/03

Feb/23/03

N
Jun/17/03

Jul/7/03

Jul/27/03

Sep/5/03

Aug/16/03

Sep/25/03

Oct/15/03

Nov/4/03

Time

Weather chart for surface and 700 hPa levelM ax 14ppbv

8Forward
trajectories

04：00 JST October 28, 2003

09JST October 28, 2003

09JST October, 28, 2003

Wet region

606JST
October 28,2003

Mt. Fuji

09JST Oct. 28

42

Mt. Fuji

045

NN W
W

27

SS W

18SE

9Hit！

W ind direction

36

Mt. Oyama,
Miyake-jima island

09JST Oct. 28

EN E
N03 /10/ 31

Backward trajectories (isentropic)

200-2
Feb/1
45

Feb/5

Feb/9

Feb/13

Feb/17

Feb/21

Feb/25

-500
Mar/1
NNW

36

W

27

SSW

18

SE

9ENE

0Feb/01/03

NFeb/05/03

Feb/09/03

Feb/13/03

Feb/17/03

Feb/21/03

Feb/25/03

1000
CO

8SO26500

222

Rn

420

Surface weather chart

CO concentration (ppbv)

500

Rn

Rn concentration (Bq/m 3 )

2222

4

100222

SO
6

CO concentration (ppbv)

8

Temporal change of SO2, CO and 222Rn and windduring Epd.1.

Mar/01/03

45

EpisodeFeb. 18, 2003

Feb. 19

Feb. 20

Feb. 21Feb. 22

Feb. 23

NNW36

W

27

SSW18

SE

9ENE

0
Feb/17/03

N
Feb/18/03

Feb/19/03

Feb/20/03

Feb/21/03

Feb/22/03

Wind direction

From JMA HP

1000

Epd.1

COWind speed(m/s)

2

Below 1200m

High SO2 episode observed in Feb. 2003
102

The maximum plume height from
the Miyake-jima island

SO concentration (ppbv; offs et: 2 ppbv)

0 3/1 0/30

Wind direction

0 3/1 0/29

Rn concentration (Bq/m3)

0 3/1 0/2 8222

0 3/1 0/2 7

SO concentration (ppbv; offset: 2 ppbv)

003 /1 0/26

Wind speed(m/ s)

W ind speed(m /s)

Infra-red satellite image and surface winds

102Concentrat ion of SO(ppbv)

The maximum peak found during
end of October 2003

Feb/23/03

Summary and future tasks
Comparison of trajectory models

Infrared satellite images
13JST Feb. 19, 2003

Westerly in Feb. 18 and１915JST Feb. 20, 2003

Northerly after Feb. 20• A continuous SO2 monitor was installed at the summit of Mt. Fuji.
BG concentrations were so low that could not be measured by thepresent system. Diurnal changes were generally small.
• Seasonal trends in SO2 concentrations were characterized as low
in summer and high in winter. This could be attributable to theseasonal change in source intensity, transport and oxidation rate.
• Miyake-jima volcanic plume was detected once during theobservation. After the late 2002, the plume height has not been
beyond 1.2km, the plume would rarely be transported to 3-4km
level in the free troposphere except the case for turbulence.
• Asian outflow of the pollutants during winter was obviouslyobserved.
• High SO2 concentration events usually accompanied by high CO
as well as 222Rn concentration, the polluted air mass originatedfrom the same region in the Asian continent.
• SO2 data during spring should be obtained.
• The SO2/SO42- ratio should be known.

Wind direction

Mt. Asama-yama
Mt. Fuji

Mt. Satsuma-Iojima

フィルター

SAMPLE 入 口2000 average: 42 kt/day= 7.7 TgS/year
Less than 10 kt/day= Less than 1.8 TgS/year

Kuju Group
Mt. Aso

ゼロ・スパン流量t/day

Mt. Tokachidake

J2サンプル流量Frequency

Mt. Oyama volcano
Miyake-jima island

Mt. Usuzan

PC
I/O

J1

Wind speed(m/s)

t/dayAnnual SO 2 emission：
0.55 TgS duringquiescent period(Fujita et al., 1992)

ディスクトップパソコン

制御 信号Wind direction

Volcanic SO2 sources over Japanese islands