Frequency Offset Estimation for Satellite
Communications with Adaptive Frame Averaging
Julian Webber, Masanori Yofune, Kazuto Yano, Naoya Kukutsu, Kiyoshi Kobayashi and Tomoaki Kumagai
Advanced Telecommunications Research International, 2-2-2, Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan{jwebber, yofune masanori, kzyano, kukutsu, kumagai}@atr.jp

Abstract-The modified Luise and Reggiannini (L&R) algorithm is one of the frequency offset estimation algorithms
suitable for use with the Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite (DVB-S2) standard. Recently we demonstrated an enhanced
poly-polarization multiplexing (EPPM) system incorporating L&R frequency recovery as a hardware prototype in orderto evaluate its high spectral-efficiency in a real satellite channel. In order to provide sufficient performance at low SNR,
it is recommended to average the correlation estimates over 2048 frames. In high SNR regions however, such a large
averaging size is unnecessary. In this paper, two techniques are proposed in order to reduce the averaging size. The firsttechnique measures the average noise power and selects an efficient frame averaging length using a noise look-up-table(LUT). The second technique uses a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) to determine if sufficient performance is achievablewith the averaging size. Performance results show that the size of the averaging window can be reduced whilst maintaining
a target BER. The noise LUT adaptive scheme has been implemented in hardware and we describe the real-time behavior.
Keyword-satellite communications, polarization multiplexing, frequency offset estimation, latency reduction.

Julian WEBBER received the M.Eng. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Bristol, UK in 1996 and 2004 respectively. From 199698, he was with Texas Instruments, Europe engaged on ASIC and DSP systems. From 2001-07 he was employed as a Research Fellow atBristol University engaged in real-time MIMO-OFDM testbed implementation, and from 2007-12 he was a Research Fellow at Hokkaido
University, Sapporo, Japan, working on MIMO signal processing & wireless communications. He is currently a researcher at ATR,
Kyoto, Japan principally working on frequency recovery and spectrally efficient modulation techniques for satellite communications.
His other current research interests include MIMO, high resolution direction of arrival estimation and M2M. He is a member of theIEEE and IEICE.

Masanori Yofune received the B.E. and M.S. degrees in systems engineering from Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan, in2008 and 2010, respectively. In 2010, he joined Mobile Techno Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan, where he has been engaged in researchand development on wireless communication systems. In 2012, he was assigned to ATR Wave Engineering Laboratories as a researcher
and engaged in research and development on advanced techniques for frequency efficiency in satellite communication systems. Hisinterest areas are wireless communication systems and digital signal processing. He is a regular member of the Institute of Electronics,
Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) of Japan.

Kazuto Yano received a B.E. degree in electrical and electronic engineering, M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in communications and computerengineering from Kyoto University in 2000, 2002, and 2005, respectively. He was a research fellow of the Japan Society for thePromotion Science (JSPS) from 2004 to 2006. In 2006, he joined the Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International(ATR). Currently, he is a senior research scientist of the Wave Engineering Laboratories, ATR. His research interests include space-time
signal processing for interference suppression, MIMO transmission, and PHY/MAC cross-layer design of cognitive radio for ISM bands.
He received the IEEE VTS Japan 2001 Researcher’s Encouragement Award, the IEICE Young Researcher’s Award in 2007, the Ericsson
Young Scientist Award 2007 and the IEICE 2007 Active Research Award in Radio Communication Systems. He also received 2010
Young Investigator Award in Software Radio from IEICE Technical Committee on Software Radio. He is a member of IEEE and IEICE.

Naoya Kukutsu received the B.E., M.E., and D.E. degrees in electrical engineering from Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, in1986, 1988 and 1991, respectively. His D.E. dissertation described research for a time-domain electromagnetic wave numerical analysis
method. In 1991, he joined the Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT), Applied Electronics Laboratories, and wasengaged in developing high speed IC packages. From 2008-2013, he was a senior research engineer, supervisor at NTT Microsystem
Integration Laboratories, and leader of the group that develops millimeter-wave and terahertz-wave radio transmission, as well as imaging
systems. He is currently a senior research engineer at ATR Wave Engineering Laboratories and head of the department of Environment
Communications. Dr. Kukutsu is a member of the IEEE MTT and COM Societies and a senior member of the Institute of Electronics,
Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE).

Kiyoshi Kobayashi received the B.E., M.E. and Ph.D. degrees from Tokyo University of Science, Japan, in 1987, 1989 and 2004,
respectively. He joined NTT Radio Communication Systems Laboratories in 1989. Since then, he has been engaged in the researchand development of digital signal processing algorithms and their implementation techniques including modem, synchronization controland diversity for satellite and personal wireless communication systems. From 2011 to 2014, he was the director of ATR Wave
Engineering Laboratories at Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, where he was engaged in research onadvanced technologies for wireless communications. Currently, he is a senior research engineer, supervisor and a group leader of Satellite
Communication Group in NTT Access Network Service Systems Laboratories, working on development of satellite communicationsystems. He is a member of IEEE and IEICE.

Tomoaki Kumagai received the B.E. and M.E. degrees in Electrical and Communication Engineering, and Ph.D. degree in Information
Science from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, in 1990, 1992 and 2008, respectively. Since joining NTT in 1992, he has been engaged
in research and development of personal communication systems and high-speed wireless LAN systems. Since 2014, he is the Director ofWave Engineering Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR). He received the Young Engineer
Award from the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) in 1999. He is a member of the Instituteof Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) and IEEE.