ၞࢊAbbreviations
ADEOS-㸈 :Advanced Earth Observing Satellite 㸈EOS :AMSR :

Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometerࣞ଻ෝζͼ·υ෨༶ৣࠗAMSR-E :Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS٨ၻ߿ࣞ଻ෝζͼ·υ෨༶ৣࠗ

ASSH :

Automatic Station for Soil Hydrologyু൲ാિକ໦ΑΞȜΏοϋ

AVHRR :

Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer٨ၻ߿ࣞ໦ٜෝ༶ৣࠗAWS :Automatic Weather Stationু൲‫ܨ‬યΑΞȜΏοϋ

CLPX :

Cold Land Processes Experiment

GAME :

Centre National d' Etudes Spatiales

GCOM :

Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar

GEOSS :

Defence Meteorological Satellite Programༀ࣭߳ম‫ܨ‬ય‫ିמ‬EEZ :Exclusive Economic ZoneGEWEX :

Earth Observation Center

GLI :Earth Observation Research and application Center౷‫ݩ‬۷௶၌ဥଔૺΓϋΗȜ

62

Global ImagerΈυȜΨσͼιȜΐλ

GOES :

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satelliteༀ࣭୓গ‫ܨ‬ય‫ିמ‬GPM :Global Precipitation Measurement஠‫ࣛݩ‬କ۷௶ηΛΏοϋ

ILAS-㸈 :Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer-㸈٨ၻ߿ఱ‫ܨ‬ਔ‫׻‬୤‫ٸ‬໦࢕ࠗ㸈߿

JAFIC :

Japan Fisheries Information Service Center২౬༹૽‫ૂުݽ‬༭΍ȜΫΑΓϋΗȜ

JAXA :

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agencyֳಐ࣎ߗࡄ‫ٳݪ‬อ‫ࢹܥ‬JMA :౷‫ݩ‬۷௶ΓϋΗȜ

EORC :

Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment஠‫΀ݩ‬ΥσΆȜƦକ੏۪۷௶ْࠗ

ෳఈഎࠐफକ֖

EOC :Global Earth Observation System of Systems஠‫ݩ‬౷‫ݩ‬۷௶ΏΑΞθ2ਔ෨ࣛକτȜΘȜ

DMSP :

Global Change Observation Mission౷‫ޏ۪ݩ‬་൲۷௶ηΛΏοϋέρϋΑ࣭ၛֳಐࡄ‫ݪ‬ΓϋΗȜDPR :GEWEX Asia Monsoon Experiment
GEWEXͺΐͺκϋΑȜϋ۷௶ْࠗ‫ێ‬႖౷ً೾ίυΐͿ·ΠCNES :Earth Observing System౷‫ݩ‬۷௶ΏΑΞθ۪‫ޏ‬۷௶ܿ੅‫ିמ‬ȶ͙̓ͤ㸈ȷ

Japan Meteorological Agency‫ܨ‬ય಩

METOP :

Meteorology Operational Polar SatelliteπȜυΛΩޭܴൽ‫ܨ‬ય‫ିמ‬

MODIS :Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

SST :

MSR :

Microwave Scanning Radiometerζͼ·υ෨༶ৣࠗNASA :National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Tb :New Generation Sea Surface Temperature for Open Ocean

TDR :National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrationༀ࣭٬ဢఱ‫ޫܨ‬

NPOESS :Time Domain Reflectometryশ‫ۼ‬ႀ֖฽ৣၚTRMM :‫ٸ‬ဢ֖૧ଲయ٬࿂କ‫أ‬NOAA :

Brightness Temperatureܵഽ‫أ‬ഽ

ༀ࣭࣎ߗֳಐޫNGSST-O :Sea Surface Temperature٬࿂କ‫أ‬ಎ໦ٜෝΑβ·ΠυιȜΗ

Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission෎ఝַࣛ۷௶‫ିמ‬

USDA :

United States Department of Agricultureༀ࣭෠ྩજ

National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite Systemༀ࣭ޭܴൽ۪‫ିמޏ‬PI :Principal Investigatorయນࡄ‫ݪ‬৪POLDER :Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances౷ષ฽ৣ࢕۷௶௡౾

RESTEC :Remote Sensing Technology Center of Japan़౬༹૽ςκȜΠȆΓϋΏϋΈܿ੅ΓϋΗȜ

SGLI :

Second generation Global Imager
ల2ଲయΈυȜΨσͼιȜΐλ

SMEX02 :Soil Moisture Experiment in 2002
2002ාാિକ໦࠿બ৘ࡑ

SMMR :

Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer௢औ߿ఉΙλϋΥσζͼ·υ෨༶ৣࠗSSM/I :Special Sensor Microwave / Imager
DMSP‫ିמ‬൏शζͼ·υ෨ͼιȜΐλ63̧̜̦͂Afterwordུ੥͈ࢹே̦੄̥̀ͣ1ා฼Ȃߓఘഎ̈́ैު̦ই̥̽̀ͣ͘࿩฼ාȂ̠̩͢͞੄ๅ͈͉̭͍̱̹͂̈́ͤ͘ȃζͼ·υ෨༶ৣࠗͅࠈͩͥ඾ུ͈యນࡄ‫ݪ‬৪ͅ৏ຊ̤ͬ‫̱̞ܐ‬Ȃ࡛ह͈ड૧଼͈‫̦ض‬େࣺ̹ͤͦ͘ඤယ̱̱̹͂͘ȃ̷͈̠̈́͢ࡄ‫̧̫̺ͥ́ͬض଼ݪ‬໹օͅഥ̢̠ͣͦͥ͢ͅ༎ਬͬ૤̦̫̱̹̦͘Ȃࣞഽ̈́ඤယ͂໹օ̈́ນ࡛̞̠͂௖ྭ੖̳ͥါ‫̹͈͛ݥ‬Ȃ৏ຊ৪͈༷ș̴͉̞͐ͭ͂ͅྫၑඳఴȆະᯓ̤̈́‫̹̱̱̞ͬ͘ܐ‬ȃ̭͈ાͬৰͤ̀ۜ৫͈փͬ૭̱ષ̬̳͘ȃ̹͘Ȃτͼͺ;ΠȆΟΎͼϋȆͼρΑΠ͉ςκȜΠΓϋΏϋΈܿ੅ΓϋΗȜȪRESTECȫ͈౻ന୷ࠃ̯̤ͭͅ‫̹̱̱̞͘ܐ‬ȃ‫ڎ‬βȜΐͅश̞̥̞̱̞̽̀ͥͩͣ൲໤͈ͼρΑΠ͉๞੫͈ै຦̳́ȃ๞੫͉࡛हEORĆ͈൳အ͈ैު֚ͬ਀̧֨ͅ਋̫
̤̀ͤȂࡠ̹ͣͦশ‫͈ۼ‬ಎ́ॽષ̬̞̱̹̀ͣ͘͜ȃ̷͈̠̈́͢ಎ́๼̱̞֣क़໤̢̹͈͉̈́̽͌͂ͅͅ๞੫͈̤̥̬̳́ȃडࢃͅȂນঞ͉̞̞ͧͧͺͼΟͺ̦̜ͤḀ̥̥̹͈̳̦̑̈́̈́͂ͣ̈́̽́͘͘Ȃড়ന̯͈ͭȶକ͉୆ྵ͈ͼιȜΐ̜́ͥȃȷ̞̠͂Μσ͈֚୊́ͺΎρΏ͈ৢ૯ͅࠨ̱̹ͤ͘͘ȃৢ૯͉ȂRESTEC͈٨̯̦֔ͭධޭ‫ൃק‬బ͈শͅज़‫͈̹̱͜ג‬̳́ȃոષȂུ੥ै଼শ͈̞̞ͧͧ̈́ொდ̵̧̧̜̦̯̞̹̺̱̹̦ͬ͂͂̀͘Ȃུ੥ͬ೒̲̀ఉ̩͈૽̦ζͼ·υ෨༶ৣࠗͬ૶̧̱̞͈̲̞̹̺͂ۜ̀͜Ȃζͼ·υ෨͈ࡄ‫͙ૺ̦ݪ‬Ȃ̞͉͌̀‫࢓ܨ‬་൲͈ٜྶ̦ૺ͚̭̦͂জ̹̻༎ਬ৪֚൳͈‫ܐ‬̞̳́ȃ໹଼17ා7࠮ֳಐ࣎ߗࡄ‫ٳݪ‬อ‫ࢹܥ‬ֳಐ၌ဥଔૺུ໐౷‫ݩ‬۷௶၌ဥଔૺΓϋΗȜ༎ਬ৪ȇġড়നȁઆġġġġġġġġġġġġġ५ၐȁୃ૽ġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġࣽ‫ؖ‬ȁ߼হġġġġġġġġġġġġġ٨֔ȁဢਏȪœņŔŕņńȫġġġġġġġġġġġġġ౻നȁ୷ࠃȪœņŔŕņńȫ

One year and a half has passed since the idea was proposed, a half year has passed since we started to realize it, and now
we are delighted to be able to publish this booklet.
We asked Japanese principal investigators engaged in microwave radiometer development to write about their latest
research achievements so we can introduce them in this booklet.
We tried to edit such advanced topics to make them as easy to understand as possible, but this is easier said than done sowe ended up making many unreasonable and rude demands on the writers. We would like to apologize and express our manythanks to the writers in this short postscript.
Ms. Chie Ikeda, a member of the Remote Sensing Technology Center of Japan (RESTEC), laid out, designed, and illustrated
this booklet. The illustrations of small creatures on each page are her work. Even though her schedule is tight because she is
now in charge of all similar work in EORC, this beautiful completed booklet is primarily due to her devoted efforts.
Finally, the picture of a seal on the cover is Dr. Shibata's contribution together with his slogan, 㵰Water is life.㵱 The photograph
was taken by Mr. Hiroki Kai, a member of RESTEC, when he participated in the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition.
These are the episodes during writing and editing. We, the editors, hope that many people will gain a new appreciation for
microwave radiometers and research for determining the mechanisms of climate change together with the advance ofmicrowave research.
July, 2005

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Office of Space Application
Earth Observation Research and application Center

Editors : Akira Shibata
Masato Yamanashi
Keiji Imaoka
Hiroki Kai (RESTEC)
Chie Ikeda (RESTEC)‫࢓ܨ‬་൲͈ٜྶ̫࢜̀ͅImproving our Understanding of Climate Change

AMSR/AMSR-Eͥ͢ͅକთି۷௶

Observing our Water Planet using AMSR/AMSR-E

໹଼17ා7࠮15඾ȁ੝ๅల֚क़อ࣐ġġġġġ༎ਬȆอ࣐ȇֳಐ࣎ߗࡄ‫ٳݪ‬อ‫ࢹܥ‬ġȁ౷‫ݩ‬۷௶၌ဥଔૺΓϋΗȜ

15 July, 2005 First printingġ

֣क़ȆୋུȇΉȜΞͻ΀ΑȆૂ༭‫ڼ‬৆ٛ২

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©2005ȁֳಐ࣎ߗࡄ‫ٳݪ‬อ‫ࢹܥ‬ȁ౷‫ݩ‬۷௶၌ဥଔૺΓϋΗȜAll rights reserved©2005 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Earth Observation Research and application CenterAll rights reserved

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Printed in Japan

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