INTERNATIONAL
MASTERSASSOCIATION (IMGA)
ANTI-DOPING RULES

Adopted by the IMGA BoardGAMESTABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………….3

ARTICLE 1

DEFINITION OF DOPING ...................................................................................... 5

ARTICLE 2

ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS ...................................................................... 5

ARTICLE 3

PROOF OF DOPING ............................................................................................. 9

ARTICLE 4

THE PROHIBITED LIST ......................................................................................11

ARTICLE 5

TESTING AND INVESTIGATIONS......................................................................14

ARTICLE 6

ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES ...................................................................................17

ARTICLE 7

RESULTS MANAGEMENT: RESPONSIBILITY, INITIAL REVIEW, NOTICEAND PROVISIONAL SUSPENSIONS .................................................................19

ARTICLE 8

RESULTS MANAGEMENT: RIGHT TO A FAIR HEARING AND NOTICE OF
HEARING DECISION ..........................................................................................22

ARTICLE 9

AUTOMATIC DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS .......................24

ARTICLE 10SANCTIONS ON INDIVIDUALS ..........................................................................24

ARTICLE 11

CONSEQUENCES TO TEAMS ...........................................................................37

ARTICLE 12

RESULTS MANAGEMENT: APPEALS .............................................................38

ARTICLE 13

CONFIDENTIALITY AND REPORTING ..............................................................40

ARTICLE 14

IMPLEMENTATION OF DECISIONS ..................................................................45

ARTICLE 15

STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS ...............................................................................46

ARTICLE 16

EDUCATION ........................................................................................................46

ARTICLE 17

ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF IMGA ..............................46

ARTICLE 18

ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETES ....................47

ARTICLE 19

ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETE SUPPORTPERSONNEL .......................................................................................................47

ARTICLE 20

ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF OTHER PERSONSSUBJECT TO THESE ANTI-DOPING RULES ...................................................48

ARTICLE 21

INTERPRETATION OF THE CODE ....................................................................48

ARTICLE 22

FINAL PROVISIONS ...........................................................................................49

APPENDIX 1

DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................................50

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IMGA ANTI-DOPING RULESINTRODUCTION
Preface
At the IMGA Board meeting held on 18th June 2021, the International Masters Games Association (“IMGA”)
accepted the Code the revised version of which is in force from 1st January 2021.
These Anti-Doping Rules are adopted and implemented in accordance with the IMGA's responsibilities
under the Code, and in furtherance of IMGA's continuing efforts to eradicate doping in Masters sport.
The Anti-Doping Rules, like Competition rules are sport rules governing the conditions under which sport isplayed. All participants (such as Athletes and Athlete Support Personnel) to IMGA Events accept these AntiDoping Rules as a condition of participation and are presumed to have agreed to comply with these AntiDoping Rules.
These Anti-Doping Rules are sport rules governing the conditions under which sport is played. Aimed at
enforcing anti-doping rules in a global and harmonized manner, they are distinct in nature from criminal andcivil laws. They are not intended to be subject to or limited by any national requirements and legal standards
applicable to criminal or civil proceedings, although they are intended to be applied in a manner which
respects the principles of proportionality and human rights. When reviewing the facts and the law of a given
case, all courts, arbitral tribunals and other adjudicating bodies should be aware of and respect the distinct
nature of these Anti-Doping Rules, which implement the Code, and the fact that these rules represent theconsensus of a broad spectrum of stakeholders around the world as to what is necessary to protect andensure fair sport.
As provided in the Code, IMGA shall be responsible for conducting all aspects of Doping Control. Any aspectof Doping Control or anti-doping Education may be delegated by IMGA to a Delegated Third Party, such as
the International Testing Agency (ITA) or the LOC, however, IMGA shall require the Delegated Third Party
to perform such aspects in compliance with the Code, International Standards, and these Anti-Doping Rules.
When IMGA has delegated its responsibilities to implement part or all of its Doping Control to the ITA, theLOC or other Delegated Third Party, any reference to IMGA should be intended and construed as areference to the ITA or other Delegated Third Party, where applicable and within the context of theaforementioned delegation. Where any aspect of Doping Control is delegated to the ITA, the LOC shallcomply at all times with the protocols, instructions and directions provided by the ITA. IMGA shall always
remain fully responsible for ensuring that any delegated aspects are performed in compliance with the Code.
The IMGA Board is responsible for formally adopting these Anti-Doping Rules in accordance with IMGA's
responsibilities under the Code, and for implementing these Anti-Doping Rules.
Italicized terms in these Anti-Doping Rules are defined terms in Appendix 1.
Unless otherwise specified, references to Articles are references to Articles of these Anti-Doping Rules.
Fundamental Rationale for the Code and IMGA's Anti-Doping Rules
Anti-doping programs are founded on the intrinsic value of sport. This intrinsic value is often referred to as"the spirit of sport": the ethical pursuit of human excellence through the dedicated perfection of each
Athlete’s natural talents.
Anti-doping programs seek to protect the health of Athletes and to provide the opportunity for Athletes topursue human excellence without the Use of Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods.
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Anti-doping programs seek to maintain the integrity of sport in terms of respect for rules, other competitors,
fair competition, a level playing field, and the value of clean sport to the world.
The spirit of sport is the celebration of the human spirit, body and mind. It is the essence of Olympism andis reflected in the values we find in and through sport, including:
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HealthEthics, fair play and honesty
Athletes’ rights as set forth in the Code
Excellence in performance
Character and Education
Fun and joy
Teamwork
Dedication and commitment
Respect for rules and laws
Respect for self and other Participants
CourageCommunity and solidarity

The spirit of sport is expressed in how we play true.
Doping is fundamentally contrary to the spirit of sport.
Scope of these Anti-Doping Rules
These Anti-Doping Rules shall apply to:(a) IMGA, including its board members, directors, officers, specified employees, and Delegated Third
Parties and their employees, who are involved in any aspect of Doping Control;(b) all Athletes preparing for or participating in one of IMGA Events or who have otherwise been madesubject to the authority of IMGA for an Event;(c) all Athlete Support Personnel supporting such Athletes;(d) other Persons participating in, or accredited to, the activities of IMGA, including International
Federations; and(e) any Person, organization, body or entity (including their employees, board members, directors,
officers that are involved in any aspect of Doping Control) operating (even if only temporarily) under
the authority of IMGA.
Each of the abovementioned Persons is deemed, as a condition of eligibility for their participation or
involvement in an Event organized by IMGA, to have agreed to and be automatically bound by these AntiDoping Rules, and to have submitted to the authority of IMGA to enforce these Anti-Doping Rules, including
any Consequences for the breach thereof, and to the jurisdiction of the hearing panels specified in Article 8
and Article 12 to hear and determine cases and appeals brought under these Anti-Doping Rules. 1
1[Comment: Where the Code requires a Person other than an Athlete or Athlete Support Person to be bound by the Code, such
Person would of course not be subject to Sample collection or Testing, and would not be charged with an anti-doping rule violation
under the Code for Use or Possession of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method. Rather, such Person would only be subject
to discipline for a violation of Code Articles 2.5 (Tampering), 2.7 (Trafficking), 2.8 (Administration), 2.9 (Complicity), 2.10 (Prohibited
Association) and 2.11 (Retaliation). Furthermore, such Person would be subject to the additional roles and responsibilities
according to Code Article 21.3. Also, the obligation to require an employee to be bound by the Code is subject to applicable law.

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ARTICLE 1

DEFINITION OF DOPING

Doping is defined as the occurrence of one or more of the anti-doping rule violations set forth in Article 2.1
through Article 2.11 of these Anti-Doping Rules.
ARTICLE 2

ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS

The purpose of Article 2 is to specify the circumstances and conduct which constitute anti-doping ruleviolations. Hearings in doping cases will proceed based on the assertion that one or more of these specificrules have been violated.
Athletes or other Persons shall be responsible for knowing what constitutes an anti-doping rule violation andthe substances and methods which have been included on the Prohibited List.
The following constitute anti-doping rule violations:
2.1

Presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in an Athlete’s
Sample2.1.1

It is the Athletes’ personal duty to ensure that no Prohibited Substance enterstheir bodies. Athletes are responsible for any Prohibited Substance or its
Metabolites or Markers found to be present in their Samples. Accordingly, it is
not necessary that intent, Fault, Negligence or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part
be demonstrated in order to establish an anti-doping rule violation under Article
2.1. 2

2.1.2

Sufficient proof of an anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.1 is established byany of the following: presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites orMarkers in the Athlete’s A Sample where the Athlete waives analysis of the B
Sample and the B Sample is not analyzed; or, where the Athlete’s B Sample isanalyzed and the analysis of the Athlete’s B Sample confirms the presence of
the Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers found in the Athlete’s A
Sample; or where the Athlete’s A or B Sample is split into two (2) parts and theanalysis of the confirmation part of the split Sample confirms the presence of theProhibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers found in the first part of the
split Sample or the Athlete waives analysis of the confirmation part of the split
Sample. 3

2.1.3

Excepting those substances for which a Decision Limit is specifically identified in
the Prohibited List or a Technical Document, the presence of any reported

IMGA shall ensure that, as per Article 17 of these Anti-Doping Rules, any arrangements with their board members, directors,
officers, and specified employees, as well as with the Delegated Third Parties and their employees – either employment, contractualor otherwise – have explicit provisions incorporated according to which such Persons are bound by, agree to comply with theseAnti-Doping Rules, and agree on the IMGA’s authority to solve anti-doping cases.]
2[Comment to Article 2.1.1: An anti-doping rule violation is committed under this Article without regard to an Athlete’s Fault. This
rule has been referred to in various CAS decisions as “Strict Liability”. An Athlete’s Fault is taken into consideration in determining
the Consequences of this anti-doping rule violation under Article 10. This principle has consistently been upheld by CAS.]

3[Comment to Article 2.1.2: The Anti-Doping Organization with Results Management responsibility may, at its discretion, choose tohave the B Sample analyzed even if the Athlete does not request the analysis of the B Sample.]

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quantity of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in an Athlete’s
Sample shall constitute an anti-doping rule violation.
2.1.4

2.2

2.3

As an exception to the general rule of Article 2.1, the Prohibited List, International
Standards, or Technical Documents may establish special criteria for reportingor the evaluation of certain Prohibited Substances.

Use or Attempted Use by an Athlete of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method
4

2.2.1

It is the Athletes’ personal duty to ensure that no Prohibited Substance enterstheir bodies and that no Prohibited Method is Used. Accordingly, it is notnecessary that intent, Fault, Negligence or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part bedemonstrated in order to establish an anti-doping rule violation for Use of a
Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method.

2.2.2

The success or failure of the Use or Attempted Use of a Prohibited Substance or
Prohibited Method is not material. It is sufficient that the Prohibited Substance or
Prohibited Method was Used or Attempted to be Used for an anti-doping ruleviolation to be committed. 5

Evading, Refusing or Failing to Submit to Sample Collection by an Athlete

Evading Sample collection; or refusing or failing to submit to Sample collection without compelling
justification after notification by a duly authorized Person. 6
2.4

Whereabouts Failures by an Athlete

Any combination of three (3) missed tests and/or filing failures, as defined in the International
Standard for Results Management, within a twelve-month period by an Athlete in a Registered
Testing Pool.

4[Comment to Article 2.2: It has always been the case that Use or Attempted Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method
may be established by any reliable means. As noted in the Comment to Article 3.2, unlike the proof required to establish an antidoping rule violation under Article 2.1, Use or Attempted Use may also be established by other reliable means such as admissions
by the Athlete, witness statements, documentary evidence, conclusions drawn from longitudinal profiling, including data collected
as part of the Athlete Biological Passport, or other analytical information which does not otherwise satisfy all the requirements toestablish “Presence” of a Prohibited Substance under Article 2.1.
For example, Use may be established based upon reliable analytical data from the analysis of an A Sample (without confirmationfrom an analysis of a B Sample) or from the analysis of a B Sample alone where the Anti-Doping Organization provides asatisfactory explanation for the lack of confirmation in the other Sample.]5[Comment to Article 2.2.2: Demonstrating the "Attempted Use" of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method requires proof ofintent on the Athlete’s part. The fact that intent may be required to prove this particular anti-doping rule violation does not undermine
the Strict Liability principle established for violations of Article 2.1 and violations of Article 2.2 in respect of Use of a Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method.
An Athlete’s Use of a Prohibited Substance constitutes an anti-doping rule violation unless such Substance is not prohibited Outof-Competition and the Athlete’s Use takes place Out-of-Competition. (However, the presence of a Prohibited Substance or its
Metabolites or Markers in a Sample collected In-Competition is a violation of Article 2.1 regardless of when that Substance might
have been administered.)]

6[Comment to Article 2.3: For example, it would be an anti-doping rule violation of “evading Sample collection” if it were establishedthat an Athlete was deliberately avoiding a Doping Control official to evade notification or Testing. A violation of “failing to submit
to Sample collection” may be based on either intentional or negligent conduct of the Athlete, while "evading" or “refusing” Sample
collection contemplates intentional conduct by the Athlete.]

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2.5

Tampering or Attempted Tampering with any Part of Doping Control by an Athlete or
Other Person

2.6

Possession of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method by an Athlete or
Athlete Support Person
2.6.1

Possession by an Athlete In-Competition of any Prohibited Substance or any
Prohibited Method, or Possession by an Athlete Out-of-Competition of any
Prohibited Substance or any Prohibited Method which is prohibited Out-ofCompetition unless the Athlete establishes that the Possession is consistent witha Therapeutic Use Exemption (“TUE”) granted in accordance with Article 4.4 orother acceptable justification.

2.6.2

Possession by an Athlete Support Person In-Competition of any Prohibited
Substance or any Prohibited Method, or Possession by an Athlete Support
Person Out-of-Competition of any Prohibited Substance or any Prohibited
Method which is prohibited Out-of-Competition in connection with an Athlete,Competition or training, unless the Athlete Support Person establishes that the
Possession is consistent with a TUE granted to an Athlete in accordance with
Article 4.4 or other acceptable justification. 7

2.7

Trafficking or Attempted Trafficking in any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited
Method by an Athlete or Other Person

2.8Administration or Attempted Administration by an Athlete or Other Person to any
Athlete In-Competition of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method, or
Administration or Attempted Administration to any Athlete Out-of-Competition of any
Prohibited Substance or any Prohibited Method that is Prohibited Out-ofCompetition

2.9

Complicity or Attempted Complicity by an Athlete or Other Person

Assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, conspiring, covering up or any other type of intentional
complicity or Attempted complicity involving an anti-doping rule violation, Attempted anti-doping ruleviolation or violation of Article 10.14.1 by another Person. 8
2.10

Prohibited Association by an Athlete or Other Person
2.10.1

Association by an Athlete or other Person subject to the authority of an AntiDoping Organization in a professional or sport-related capacity with any Athlete
Support Person who:
2.10.1.1 If subject to the authority of an Anti-Doping Organization, is serving aperiod of Ineligibility; or

7[Comment to Articles 2.6.1 and 2.6.2: Acceptable justification would not include, for example, buying or Possessing a Prohibited
Substance for purposes of giving it to a friend or relative, except under justifiable medical circumstances where that Person had aphysician’s prescription, e.g., buying Insulin for a diabetic child.][Comment to Article 2.6.1 and 2.6.2: Acceptable justification may include, for example, (a) an Athlete or a team doctor carrying
Prohibited Substances or Prohibited Methods for dealing with acute and emergency situations (e.g., an epinephrine auto-injector),or (b) an Athlete Possessing a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method for therapeutic reasons shortly prior to applying for andreceiving a determination on a TUE.]

8[Comment to Article 2.9: Complicity or Attempted Complicity may include either physical or psychological assistance.]

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2.10.1.2 If not subject to the authority of an Anti-Doping Organization, andwhere Ineligibility has not been addressed in a Results Management
process pursuant to the Code, has been convicted or found in acriminal, disciplinary or professional proceeding to have engaged in
conduct which would have constituted a violation of anti-doping rules
if Code-compliant rules had been applicable to such Person. The
disqualifying status of such Person shall be in force for the longer ofsix (6) years from the criminal, professional or disciplinary decision or
the duration of the criminal, disciplinary or professional sanction
imposed; or
2.10.1.3 Is serving as a front or intermediary for an individual described in
Article 2.10.1.1 or 2.10.1.2.
2.10.2

To establish a violation of Article 2.10, an Anti-Doping Organization must
establish that the Athlete or other Person knew of the Athlete Support Person’s
disqualifying status.
The burden shall be on the Athlete or other Person to establish that any
association with an Athlete Support Person described in Article 2.10.1.1 or
2.10.1.2 is not in a professional or sport-related capacity and/or that such
association could not have been reasonably avoided.
Anti-Doping Organizations that are aware of Athlete Support Personnel whomeet the criteria described in Article 2.10.1.1, 2.10.1.2, or 2.10.1,3 shall submitthat information to WADA. 9

2.11

Acts by an Athlete or Other Person to Discourage or Retaliate Against Reporting toAuthorities

Where such conduct does not otherwise constitute a violation of Article 2.5:

9

2.11.1

Any act which threatens or seeks to intimidate another Person with the intent of
discouraging the Person from the good-faith reporting of information that relates
to an alleged anti-doping rule violation or alleged non-compliance with the Codeto WADA, an Anti-Doping Organization, law enforcement, regulatory or
professional disciplinary body, hearing body or Person conducting an
investigation for WADA or an Anti-Doping Organization.

2.11.2Retaliation against a Person who, in good faith, has provided evidence orinformation that relates to an alleged anti-doping rule violation or alleged noncompliance with the Code to WADA, an Anti-Doping Organization, law[Comment to Article 2.10: Athletes and other Persons must not work with coaches, trainers, physicians or other Athlete Support
Personnel who are Ineligible on account of an anti-doping rule violation or who have been criminally convicted or professionallydisciplined in relation to doping. This also prohibits association with any other Athlete who is acting as a coach or Athlete Support
Person while serving a period of Ineligibility. Some examples of the types of association which are prohibited include: obtaining
training, strategy, technique, nutrition or medical advice; obtaining therapy, treatment or prescriptions; providing any bodily products
for analysis; or allowing the Athlete Support Person to serve as an agent or representative. Prohibited association need not involve
any form of compensation.
While Article 2.10 does not require the Anti-Doping Organization to notify the Athlete or other Person about the Athlete Support
Person’s disqualifying status, such notice, if provided, would be important evidence to establish that the Athlete or other Person
knew about the disqualifying status of the Athlete Support Person.]

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enforcement, regulatory or professional disciplinary body, hearing body or
Person conducting an investigation for WADA or an Anti-Doping Organization.
For purposes of Article 2.11, retaliation, threatening and intimidation include an
act taken against such Person either because the act lacks a good faith basis or
is a disproportionate response. 10
ARTICLE 3
3.1

PROOF OF DOPING
Burdens and Standards of Proof

IMGA shall have the burden of establishing that an anti-doping rule violation has occurred. The
standard of proof shall be whether IMGA has established an anti-doping rule violation to the
comfortable satisfaction of the hearing panel, bearing in mind the seriousness of the allegation
which is made. This standard of proof in all cases is greater than a mere balance of probability but
less than proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Where these Anti-Doping Rules place the burden of
proof upon the Athlete or other Person alleged to have committed an anti-doping rule violation to
rebut a presumption or establish specified facts or circumstances, except as provided in Articles
3.2.2 and 3.2.3, the standard of proof shall be by a balance of probability. 11
3.2

Methods of Establishing Facts and Presumptions
Facts related to anti-doping rule violations may be established by any reliable means,including admissions. 12 The following rules of proof shall be applicable in doping cases:
3.2.1

10

Analytical methods or Decision Limits approved by WADA after consultation
within the relevant scientific community or which have been the subject of peer
review are presumed to be scientifically valid. Any Athlete or other Person
seeking to challenge whether the conditions for such presumption have been met
or to rebut this presumption of scientific validity shall, as a condition precedent toany such challenge, first notify WADA of the challenge and the basis of thechallenge. The initial hearing body, appellate body or CAS, on its own initiative,
may also inform WADA of any such challenge. Within ten (10) days of WADA’s
receipt of such notice and the case file related to such challenge, WADA shallalso have the right to intervene as a party, appear as amicus curiae or otherwise
provide evidence in such proceeding. In cases before CAS, at WADA’s request,
the CAS panel shall appoint an appropriate scientific expert to assist the panel in
its evaluation of the challenge. 13[Comment to Article 2.11.2: This Article is intended to protect Persons who make good faith reports, and does not protect Persons
who knowingly make false reports.][Comment to Article 2.11.2: Retaliation would include, for example, actions that threaten the physical or mental well-being or
economic interests of the reporting Persons, their families or associates. Retaliation would not include an Anti-Doping Organization
asserting in good faith an anti-doping rule violation against the reporting Person. For purposes of Article 2.11, a report is not madein good faith where the Person making the report knows the report to be false.]

11[Comment to Article 3.1: This standard of proof required to be met by IMGA is comparable to the standard which is applied in mostcountries to cases involving professional misconduct.]12[Comment to Article 3.2: For example, IMGA may establish an anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.2 based on the Athlete’s
admissions, the credible testimony of third Persons, reliable documentary evidence, reliable analytical data from either an A or B
Sample as provided in the Comments to Article 2.2, or conclusions drawn from the profile of a series of the Athlete’s blood or urine
Samples, such as data from the Athlete Biological Passport.]

13[Comment to Article 3.2.1: For certain Prohibited Substances, WADA may instruct WADA-accredited laboratories not to report
Samples as an Adverse Analytical Finding if the estimated concentration of the Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers
is below a Minimum Reporting Level. WADA’s decision in determining that Minimum Reporting Level or in determining which

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3.2.2

WADA-accredited laboratories, and other laboratories approved by WADA, arepresumed to have conducted Sample analysis and custodial procedures inaccordance with the International Standard for Laboratories. The Athlete or other
Person may rebut this presumption by establishing that a departure from theInternational Standard for Laboratories occurred which could reasonably havecaused the Adverse Analytical Finding.
If the Athlete or other Person rebuts the preceding presumption by showing thata departure from the International Standard for Laboratories occurred which
could reasonably have caused the Adverse Analytical Finding, then IMGA shallhave the burden to establish that such departure did not cause the Adverse
Analytical Finding. 14

3.2.3

Departures from any other International Standard or other anti-doping rule orpolicy set forth in the Code or these Anti-Doping Rules shall not invalidate
analytical results or other evidence of an anti-doping rule violation, and shall notconstitute a defense to an anti-doping rule violation; 15 provided, however, if theAthlete or other Person establishes that a departure from one of the specificInternational Standard provisions listed below could reasonably have caused ananti-doping rule violation based on an Adverse Analytical Finding or whereabouts
failure, then IMGA shall have the burden to establish that such departure did notcause the Adverse Analytical Finding or the whereabouts failure:(i) a departure from the International Standard for Testing andInvestigations related to Sample collection or Sample handling which
could reasonably have caused an anti-doping rule violation based on
an Adverse Analytical Finding, in which case IMGA shall have theburden to establish that such departure did not cause the Adverse
Analytical Finding;(ii)

a departure from the International Standard for Results Management
or International Standard for Testing and Investigations related to an
Adverse Passport Finding which could reasonably have caused ananti-doping rule violation, in which case IMGA shall have the burden
to establish that such departure did not cause the anti-doping ruleviolation;

Prohibited Substances should be subject to Minimum Reporting Levels shall not be subject to challenge. Further, the laboratory’s
estimated concentration of such Prohibited Substance in a Sample may only be an estimate. In no event shall the possibility thatthe exact concentration of the Prohibited Substance in the Sample may be below the Minimum Reporting Level constitute a defense
to an anti-doping rule violation based on the presence of that Prohibited Substance in the Sample.]
14[Comment to Article 3.2.2: The burden is on the Athlete or other Person to establish, by a balance of probability, a departure fromthe International Standard for Laboratories that could reasonably have caused the Adverse Analytical Finding. Thus, once theAthlete or other Person establishes the departure by a balance of probability, the Athlete or other Person’s burden on causation is
the somewhat lower standard of proof–“could reasonably have caused.” If the Athlete or other Person satisfies these standards,
the burden shifts to IMGA to prove to the comfortable satisfaction of the hearing panel that the departure did not cause the Adverse
Analytical Finding.]

15[Comment to Article 3.2.3: Departures from an International Standard or other rule unrelated to Sample collection or handling,
Adverse Passport Finding, or Athlete notification relating to whereabouts failure or B Sample opening – e.g., the International
Standard for Education, International Standard for the Protection of Privacy and Personal Information or International Standard for
Therapeutic Use Exemptions – may result in compliance proceedings by WADA but are not a defense in an anti-doping ruleviolation proceeding and are not relevant on the issue of whether the Athlete committed an anti-doping rule violation. Similarly,
IMGA’s violation of the document referenced in Article 20.7.7 of the Code shall not constitute a defense to an anti-doping ruleviolation.]

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ARTICLE 4
4.1

(iii)

a departure from the International Standard for Results Management
related to the requirement to provide notice to the Athlete of the B
Sample opening which could reasonably have caused an anti-doping
rule violation based on an Adverse Analytical Finding, in which case
IMGA shall have the burden to establish that such departure did notcause the Adverse Analytical Finding; 16(iv)

a departure from the International Standard for Results Management
related to Athlete notification which could reasonably have caused
an anti-doping rule violation based on a whereabouts failure, inwhich case IMGA shall have the burden to establish that suchdeparture did not cause the whereabouts failure.

3.2.4

The facts established by a decision of a court or professional disciplinary tribunalof competent jurisdiction which is not the subject of a pending appeal shall beirrebuttable evidence against the Athlete or other Person to whom the decisionpertained of those facts unless the Athlete or other Person establishes that thedecision violated principles of natural justice.

3.2.5

The hearing panel in a hearing on an anti-doping rule violation may draw aninference adverse to the Athlete or other Person who is asserted to havecommitted an anti-doping rule violation based on the Athlete’s or other Person’srefusal, after a request made in a reasonable time in advance of the hearing, toappear at the hearing (either in person or telephonically as directed by thehearing panel) and to answer questions from the hearing panel or IMGA.

THE PROHIBITED LIST
Incorporation of the Prohibited List

These Anti-Doping Rules incorporate the Prohibited List which is published and revised by WADA
as described in Article 4.1 of the Code.
Unless provided otherwise in the Prohibited List or a revision, the Prohibited List and revisions shallgo into effect under these Anti-Doping Rules three (3) months after publication by WADA, without
requiring any further action by IMGA. All Athletes and other Persons shall be bound by theProhibited List, and any revisions thereto, from the date they go into effect, without further formality.
It is the responsibility of all Athletes and other Persons to familiarize themselves with the most upto-date version of the Prohibited List and all revisions thereto. IMGA will make the current Prohibited
List available through posting it on the IMGA website and/or on the IMGA Masters Event LOC’s
website. 17
4.2

Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods Identified on the Prohibited List
4.2.1

Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods

The Prohibited List shall identify those Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods
which are prohibited as doping at all times (both In-Competition and Out-of-Competition)
16

17[Comment to Article 3.2.3 (iii): IMGA would meet its burden to establish that such departure did not cause the Adverse Analytical
Finding by showing that, for example, the B Sample opening and analysis were observed by an independent witness and noirregularities were observed.][Comment to Article 4.1: The current Prohibited List is available on WADA's website at www.wada-ama.org. The Prohibited List
will be revised and published on an expedited basis whenever the need arises. However, for the sake of predictability, a new
Prohibited List will be published every year whether or not changes have been made.]

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because of their potential to enhance performance in future Competitions or their masking
potential, and those substances and methods which are prohibited In-Competition only. The
Prohibited List may be expanded by WADA for a particular sport. Prohibited Substancesand Prohibited Methods may be included in the Prohibited List by general category (e.g.,anabolic agents) or by specific reference to a particular substance or method. 18
4.2.2

Specified Substances or Specified Methods

For purposes of the application of Article 10, all Prohibited Substances shall be Specified
Substances except as identified on the Prohibited List. No Prohibited Method shall be aSpecified Method unless it is specifically identified as a Specified Method on the Prohibited
List. 19
4.2.3

Substances of Abuse

For purposes of applying Article 10, Substances of Abuse shall include those Prohibited
Substances which are specifically identified as Substances of Abuse on the Prohibited List
because they are frequently abused in society outside of the context of sport.
4.3

WADA’s Determination of the Prohibited List

WADA’s determination of the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods that will be included
on the Prohibited List, the classification of substances into categories on the Prohibited List, theclassification of a substance as prohibited at all times or In-Competition only, the classification of a
substance or method as a Specified Substance, Specified Method or Substance of Abuse is final
and shall not be subject to any challenge by an Athlete or other Person including, but not limited to,
any challenge based on an argument that the substance or method was not a masking agent or did
not have the potential to enhance performance, represent a health risk or violate the spirit of sport.
4.4

Therapeutic Use Exemptions (“TUEs”)
4.4.1

The presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers, and/or the
Use or Attempted Use, Possession or Administration or Attempted Administrationof a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method shall not be considered an antidoping rule violation if it is consistent with the provisions of a TUE granted inaccordance with the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions.

4.4.2

TUE Recognition
Where the Athlete already has a TUE granted by their National Anti-Doping
Organization or International Federation pursuant to Article 4.4 of the Code forthe substance or method in question and provided that such TUE has beenreported in accordance with Article 5.5 of the International Standard for
Therapeutic Use Exemptions, IMGA will automatically recognize it for purposesof the IMGA Event without the need to review the relevant clinical information.

18[Comment to Article 4.2.1: Out-of-Competition Use of a Substance which is only prohibited In-Competition is not an anti-doping
rule violation unless an Adverse Analytical Finding for the Substance or its Metabolites or Markers is reported for a Sample collected
In-Competition.]

19[Comment to Article 4.2.2: The Specified Substances and Specified Methods identified in Article 4.2.2 should not in any way beconsidered less important or less dangerous than other doping Substances or Methods. Rather, they are simply Substances or
Methods which are more likely to have been consumed or used by an Athlete for a purpose other than the enhancement of sport
performance.]

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4.4.3TUE Application Process
4.4.3.1

If the Athlete does not already have a TUE granted by their National
Anti-Doping Organization or International Federation and needs to Use
or Possess a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method fortherapeutic reasons in connection with an IMGA Event, the Athlete
must apply directly to IMGA for a TUE as soon as possible and in any
event (save in emergency situations) no later than 30 days prior to the
Athlete’s participation in the IMGA Event, save where Articles 4.1 or
4.3 of the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions
apply.

4.4.3.2

The application to IMGA for grant of a TUE shall be made inaccordance with Article 6 of the International Standard for Therapeutic
Use Exemptions, as posted on IMGA’s website. 20

4.4.3.3

IMGA shall establish a Therapeutic Use Exemption Committee(“TUEC”) to consider applications for the grant or recognition of TUEs
in accordance with Article 4.4.3.3(a)-(d) below:(a) The TUEC shall consist of a Chair and at least three (3) othermembers with experience in the care and treatment of Athletes
and sound knowledge of clinical, sports and exercise medicine.
(b) Before serving as a member of the TUEC, each member must signa conflict of interest and confidentiality declaration. The appointed
members shall not be employees of IMGA.
(c) When an application to IMGA for the grant or recognition of a TUE
is made, three (3) members (which may include the Chair) shall be
appointed to consider the application.
(d) Before considering a TUE application, each member shall disclose
any circumstances likely to affect their impartiality with respect to
the Athlete making the application. If a member appointed toconsider an application is unwilling or unable to assess the
Athlete’s TUE application, for any reason, a replacement or a new
TUEC (e.g., from the pre-established pool of candidates) shall be
appointed. The Chair cannot serve as a member of the TUEC if
there are any circumstances which are likely to affect theimpartiality of the TUE decision.

20

4.4.4

The TUEC shall promptly evaluate and decide upon the application inaccordance with the relevant provisions of the International Standard for
Therapeutic Use Exemptions and usually (i.e., unless exceptional circumstances
apply) within no more than twenty-one (21) days of receipt of a complete
application. Where the application is made in a reasonable time prior to an Event,
the TUEC must use its best endeavors to issue its decision before the start of the
Event.

4.4.5

A TUE granted by IMGA for an Event is effective for that Event only.

[Comment to Article 4.4.3.2: Article 4.4.4.1 of the Code requires a Major Event Organization to ensure a process is available for
an Athlete to apply for a TUE if he or she does not already have one. A Major Event Organization may appoint its own TUEC or
may outsource this function to a suitably qualified Delegated Third Party.]

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4.4.6

The TUEC decision shall be the final decision of IMGA and may be appealed inaccordance with Article 4.4.8. IMGA TUEC decision shall be notified in writing to
the Athlete, and to WADA and other Anti-Doping Organizations in accordancewith the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions. It shall also
promptly be reported into ADAMS.

4.4.7

Retroactive TUE Applications
If IMGA chooses to collect a Sample from an Athlete who is not an InternationalLevel Athlete or a National-Level Athlete, and that Athlete is Using a Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method for therapeutic reasons, IMGA must permit thatAthlete to apply for a retroactive TUE.

4.4.8

ARTICLE 5
5.1

Reviews and Appeals of TUE Decisions
4.4.8.1

A decision by IMGA not to recognize or not to grant a TUE may be
appealed by the Athlete exclusively to the independent TUE Appeal
Committee established by IMGA for that purpose. If the Athlete does
not appeal (or the appeal is unsuccessful), the Athlete may not Use theProhibited Substance or Prohibited Method in question in connection
with the Event. However, any TUE granted by the Athlete’s National
Anti-Doping Organization or International Federation for that
substance or method remains valid outside of that Event. 21

4.4.8.2

WADA may review TUE decisions at any time, whether upon request
by those affected or on its own initiative. If the TUE decision being
reviewed meets the criteria set out in the International Standard for
Therapeutic Use Exemptions, WADA will not interfere with it. If the TUE
decision does not meet those criteria, WADA will reverse it. 22

4.4.8.3

A decision by WADA to reverse a TUE decision may be appealed by
the Athlete, the National Anti-Doping Organization and/or theInternational Federation affected, exclusively to CAS.

4.4.8.4

A failure to render a decision within a reasonable time on a properly
submitted application for grant or recognition of a TUE or for review ofa TUE decision shall be considered a denial of the application thus
triggering the applicable rights of review/appeal.

TESTING AND INVESTIGATIONS
Purpose of Testing and Investigations
5.1.1

Testing and investigations may be undertaken for any anti-doping purpose. They
shall be conducted in conformity with the provisions of the International Standard

21 [Comment to Article 4.4.8.1: For example, the CAS Ad Hoc Division or a similar body may act as the independent appeal body forparticular Events, or WADA may agree to perform that function. If neither CAS nor WADA are performing that function, WADA
retains the right (but not the obligation) to review the TUE decisions made in connection with the Event at any time, in accordancewith Article 4.4.6 of the Code.]

22[Comment to Article 4.4.8.2: WADA shall be entitled to charge a fee to cover the costs of: (a) any review it is required to conduct
in accordance with Article 4.4.6 of the Code; and (b) any review it chooses to conduct, where the decision being reviewed isreversed.]

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for Testing and Investigations and the specific protocols of IMGA supplementingthat International Standard.
5.1.2

5.2

5.3

Authority to Test
5.2.1

IMGA shall have In-Competition Testing authority for its Events at Event Venues,
in addition to Out-of-Competition Testing authority over all Athletes entered in
one of its future Events or who have otherwise been made subject to the Testing
authority of IMGA for a future Event. At the request of IMGA, any Testing during
the Event Period outside of the Event Venues shall be coordinated with IMGA.

5.2.2

IMGA may require any Athlete over whom it has Testing authority to provide a
Sample at any time and at any place. 23

5.2.3

If IMGA delegates or contracts any part of Testing to a National Anti-Doping
Organization directly, that National Anti-Doping Organization may collectadditional Samples or direct the laboratory to perform additional types of analysis
at the National Anti-Doping Organization’s expense. If additional Samples arecollected or additional types of analysis are performed, IMGA shall be notified.

5.2.4

If an Anti-Doping Organization, which would otherwise have Testing authority but
is not responsible for initiating and directing Testing at an IMGA Event, desires
to conduct Testing of Athletes at the Event Venues during the Event Period, theAnti-Doping Organization shall first confer with IMGA. If the Anti-Doping
Organization is not satisfied with the response from IMGA, the Anti-Doping
Organization may, in accordance with the procedures described in theInternational Standard for Testing and Investigations, ask WADA for permission
to conduct Testing and to determine how to coordinate such Testing. WADA shallnot grant approval for such Testing before consulting with and informing IMGA.
WADA’s decision shall be final and not subject to appeal. Unless otherwise
provided in the authorization to conduct Testing, such tests shall be consideredOut-of-Competition tests. Results Management for any such test shall be theresponsibility of the Anti-Doping Organization initiating the test unless provided
otherwise in these Anti-Doping Rules.

5.2.5

WADA shall have In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing authority as set
out in Article 20.7.10 of the Code.

Testing Requirements
5.3.1

23

Testing shall be undertaken to obtain analytical evidence as to whether the
Athlete has violated Article 2.1 (Presence of a Prohibited Substance or its
Metabolites or Markers in an Athlete’s Sample) or Article 2.2 (Use or Attempted
Use by an Athlete of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method).

IMGA shall conduct test distribution planning and Testing as required by theInternational Standard for Testing and Investigations.

[Comment to Article 5.2.2: IMGA may obtain additional authority to conduct Testing by means of bilateral or multilateral agreementswith other Signatories. Unless the Athlete has identified a sixty-minute Testing window between the hours of 11:00 p.m. and 6:00
a.m., or has otherwise consented to Testing during that period, IMGA will not test an Athlete during that period unless it has aserious and specific suspicion that the Athlete may be engaged in doping. A challenge to whether IMGA had sufficient suspicion
for Testing during this time period shall not be a defense to an anti-doping rule violation based on such test or attempted test.]

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5.4

5.3.2

Where reasonably feasible, Testing shall be coordinated through ADAMS in order tomaximize the effectiveness of the combined Testing effort and to avoid unnecessary
repetitive Testing.

5.3.3

As provided in the Code, IMGA may delegate the implementation of any aspectsof Doping Control to the ITA, the LOC or other Delegated Third Party. In thisinstance, the LOC shall comply with all the protocols, instructions and directions
provided by IMGA.

5.3.4

The LOC of the Event must ensure that, during the Event Period, all facilities required
for the implementation of the test distribution plan established by IMGA, including
Doping Control Station(s), Sample collection equipment, and Sample collection
personnel, are available, and that Testing procedures are implemented inaccordance with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations and with
IMGA’s instructions.

5.3.5

The overall costs of Testing and Sample analysis where IMGA has Testing Authority
under Article 5.2 above, is the responsibility of the LOC of the Event. IMGA may atits own discretion decide to take responsibility for part or all of these costs.

Athlete Whereabouts Information
5.4.1

For periods when Athletes are subject to the Testing authority of IMGA:(a)

if an Athlete is in a Registered Testing Pool, IMGA may access the
Athlete’s whereabouts filings (as defined in the International Standard for
Testing and Investigations) for the relevant period in order to conduct Outof-Competition Testing of such Athlete. IMGA will access the Athlete's
whereabouts filings via ADAMS or via the International Federation or
National Anti-Doping Organization that is receiving the Athlete's
whereabouts filings. IMGA will not require the Athlete to file any different
whereabouts information with it.

(b)

if an Athlete is not in a Registered Testing Pool, IMGA may require theAthletes to provide such information about their whereabouts for the
relevant period as it deems necessary and proportionate in order to
conduct Out-of-Competition Testing, including information equivalent to
the whereabouts filings that an Athlete would have to make in accordancewith the International Standard for Testing and Investigations if they werein a Registered Testing Pool. Such information shall include the arrival anddeparture dates of the Athletes, detailed accommodation information andtraining schedules and venues.
An Athlete’s failure to provide Athlete’s whereabouts filings may result in
IMGA imposing appropriate and proportionate non-Code Article 2.4
consequences.

5.4.2

Whereabouts information relating to an Athlete shall be maintained in strict
confidence at all times by the IMGA and its Delegated Third Parties; it shall be
used exclusively for purposes of planning, coordinating or conducting Doping
Control, providing information relevant to the Athlete Biological Passport or otheranalytical results, to support an investigation into a potential anti-doping ruleviolation, or to support proceedings alleging an anti-doping rule violation; andshall be destroyed after it is no longer relevant for these purposes in accordancewith the International Standard for the Protection of Privacy and Personal

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Information.
5.5

Retired Athletes Returning to Competition
5.5.1

If an International- or National-Level Athlete in a Registered Testing Pool retires
and then wishes to return to active participation in sport, the Athlete shall notcompete in IMGA Events until the Athlete has made himself or herself available
for Testing, by giving six-months prior written notice to their International
Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization.
WADA, in consultation with the relevant International Federation and National
Anti-Doping Organization, may grant an exemption to the six-month written
notice rule where the strict application of that rule would be unfair to the Athlete.
This decision may be appealed under Article 12.
Any competitive results obtained in violation of this Article 5.5.1 shall be
Disqualified, unless the Athlete can establish that he or she could not havereasonably known that IMGA’s Event constituted an International or National
Event.

5.5.2

5.6

If an Athlete retires from sport while subject to a period of Ineligibility, the Athlete
must notify the Anti-Doping Organization that imposed the period of Ineligibility
in writing of such retirement. If the Athlete then wishes to return to active
competition in sport, the Athlete shall not compete in IMGA’s Events until the
Athlete has made himself or herself available for Testing by giving six-months
prior written notice (or notice equivalent to the period of Ineligibility remaining asof the date the Athlete retired, if that period was longer than six (6) months) to
the Athlete’s International Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization.

Independent Observer Program
IMGA and organizing committees for IMGA’s Events shall authorize and facilitate theIndependent Observer Program at its Events.

ARTICLE 6

ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES

Samples shall be analyzed in accordance with the following principles:
6.1

24

Use of Accredited, Approved Laboratories and Other Laboratories
6.1.1

For purposes of directly establishing an Adverse Analytical Finding under Article
2.1, Samples shall be analyzed only in WADA-accredited laboratories orlaboratories otherwise approved by WADA. The choice of the WADA-accreditedor WADA-approved laboratory used for the Sample analysis shall be determined
exclusively by IMGA. 24

6.1.2

As provided in Article 3.2, facts related to anti-doping rule violations may beestablished by any reliable means. This would include, for example, reliable
laboratory or other forensic testing conducted outside of WADA-accredited orapproved laboratories.

[Comment to Article 6.1.1: Violations of Article 2.1 may be established only by Sample analysis performed by a WADA-accredited
laboratory or another laboratory approved by WADA. Violations of other Articles may be established using analytical results fromother laboratories so long as the results are reliable.]

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6.2

Purpose of Analysis of Samples and Data

Samples and related analytical data or Doping Control information shall be analyzed to detect
Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods identified on the Prohibited List and othersubstances as may be directed by WADA pursuant to the monitoring program described in Article
4.5 of the Code; or to assist IMGA or any relevant Anti-Doping Organization in profiling relevant
parameters in an Athlete’s urine, blood or other matrix, including for DNA or genomic profiling, orfor any other legitimate anti-doping purpose. 25
6.3

Research on Samples and Data

Samples, related analytical data and Doping Control information may be used for anti-doping
research purposes, although no Sample may be used for research without the Athlete's writtenconsent. Samples and related analytical data or Doping Control information used for research
purposes shall first be processed in such a manner as to prevent Samples and related analytical
data or Doping Control information being traced back to a particular Athlete. Any research involving
Samples and related analytical data or Doping Control information shall adhere to the principles set
out in Article 19 of the Code. 26
6.4
Standards for Sample Analysis and Reporting
IMGA shall ask laboratories to analyze Samples in conformity with the International Standard forLaboratories and Article 4.7 of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Laboratories at their own initiative and expense may analyze Samples for Prohibited Substancesor Prohibited Methods not included on the standard Sample analysis menu, or as requested by
IMGA. Results from any such analysis shall be reported to IMGA and have the same validity andConsequences as any other analytical result. 27
6.5

Further Analysis of a Sample Prior to or During Results Management

There shall be no limitation on the authority of a laboratory to conduct repeat or additional analysis
on a Sample prior to the time IMGA notifies an Athlete that the Sample is the basis for an Article
2.1 anti-doping rule violation charge. If after such notification IMGA wishes to conduct additional
analysis on that Sample, it may do so with the consent of the Athlete or approval from a hearing
body.
6.6

Further Analysis of a Sample After it has been Reported as Negative or has Otherwise
not Resulted in an Anti-Doping Rule Violation Charge

After a laboratory has reported a Sample as negative, or the Sample has not otherwise resulted in
an anti-doping rule violation charge, it may be stored and subjected to further analyses for the25[Comment to Article 6.2: For example, relevant Doping Control-related information could be used to direct Target Testing or to
support an anti-doping rule violation proceeding under Article 2.2, or both.]26[Comment to Article 6.3: As is the case in most medical or scientific contexts, use of Samples and related information for quality
assurance, quality improvement, method improvement and development or to establish reference populations is not considered
research. Samples and related information used for such permitted non-research purposes must also first be processed in such amanner as to prevent them from being traced back to the particular Athlete, having due regard to the principles set out in Article
19 of the Code, as well as the requirements of the International Standard for Laboratories and International Standard for theProtection of Privacy and Personal Information.]

27[Comment to Article 6.4: The objective of this Article is to extend the principle of “Intelligent Testing” to the Sample analysis menu
so as to most effectively and efficiently detect doping. It is recognized that the resources available to fight doping are limited andthat increasing the Sample analysis menu may, in some sports and countries, reduce the number of Samples which can beanalyzed.]

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purpose of Article 6.2 at any time exclusively at the direction of either the Anti-Doping Organizationthat initiated and directed Sample collection or WADA. Any other Anti-Doping Organization withauthority to test the Athlete that wishes to conduct further analysis on a stored Sample may do sowith the permission of the Anti-Doping Organization that initiated and directed Sample collection or
WADA, and shall be responsible for any follow-up Results Management. Any Sample storage orfurther analysis initiated by WADA or another Anti-Doping Organization shall be at WADA’s or thatorganization's expense. Further analysis of Samples shall conform with the requirements of theInternational Standard for Laboratories.
6.7

Split of A or B Sample

Where WADA, an Anti-Doping Organization with Results Management authority, and/or a WADAaccredited laboratory (with approval from WADA or the Anti-Doping Organization with Results
Management authority) wishes to split an A or B Sample for the purpose of using the first part ofthe split Sample for an A Sample analysis and the second part of the split Sample for confirmation,then the procedures set forth in the International Standard for Laboratories shall be followed.
6.8

WADA’s Right to Take Possession of Samples and Data

WADA may, in its sole discretion at any time, with or without prior notice, take physical possessionof any Sample and related analytical data or information in the possession of a laboratory or AntiDoping Organization. Upon request by WADA, the laboratory or Anti-Doping Organization inpossession of the Sample or data shall immediately grant access to and enable WADA to takephysical possession of the Sample or data. If WADA has not provided prior notice to the laboratory
or Anti-Doping Organization before taking possession of a Sample or data, it shall provide such
notice to the laboratory and each Anti-Doping Organization whose Samples or data have beentaken by WADA within a reasonable time after taking possession. After analysis and any
investigation of a seized Sample or data, WADA may direct another Anti-Doping Organization, withauthority to test the Athlete, to assume Results Management responsibility for the Sample or data
if a potential anti-doping rule violation is discovered. 28
ARTICLE 7

RESULTS MANAGEMENT: RESPONSIBILITY, INITIAL REVIEW, NOTICE ANDPROVISIONAL SUSPENSIONS

Results Management under these Anti-Doping Rules establishes a process designed to resolve anti-doping
rule violation matters in a fair, expeditious and efficient manner.
7.1

Responsibility for Conducting Results Management
7.1.1

28

For Results Management relating to a Sample initiated and taken during an Event
conducted by IMGA, or an anti-doping rule violation occurring during such Event,
IMGA shall assume Results Management responsibility for conducting a hearing
to determine whether an anti-doping rule violation was committed and, if so, theapplicable Disqualifications under Articles 9, 10.1, 10.10 and 11, any forfeiture ofany medals, points, or prizes from that Event, and any Financial Consequences
applicable to the anti-doping rule violation. For completion of Results[Comment to Article 6.8: Resistance or refusal to WADA taking physical possession of Samples or data could constitute Tampering,Complicity or an act of non-compliance as provided in the International Standard for Code Compliance by Signatories, and could
also constitute a violation of the International Standard for Laboratories. Where necessary, the laboratory and/or the Anti-Doping
Organization shall assist WADA in ensuring that the seized Sample or data are not delayed in exiting the applicable country.][Comment to Article 6.8: WADA would not, of course, unilaterally take possession of Samples or analytical data without good cause
related to a potential anti-doping rule violation, non-compliance by a Signatory or doping activities by another Person. However,the decision as to whether good cause exists is for WADA to make in its discretion and shall not be subject to challenge. In
particular, whether there is good cause or not shall not be a defense against an anti-doping rule violation or its Consequences.]

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Management in terms of Consequences going beyond the Event itself, IMGA
shall refer the case to the applicable International Federation. In this context, theConsequences for anti-doping rule violations as mentioned and specified under
Articles 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 10.10, 10.11, 10.12 ,10.13,
and 11 shall apply mutatis mutandis in accordance with the relevant International
Federation’s Anti-Doping Rules.

7.2

7.1.2

Other circumstances in which IMGA shall take responsibility for conducting
Results Management in respect of anti-doping rule violations involving Athletes
and other Persons under its jurisdiction shall be determined by reference to and inaccordance with Article 7 of the Code.

7.1.3

WADA may direct IMGA to conduct Results Management in particular
circumstances. If IMGA refuses to conduct Results Management within areasonable deadline set by WADA, such refusal shall be considered an act of
non-compliance, and WADA may direct another Anti-Doping Organization withauthority over the Athlete or other Person, that is willing to do so, to take Results
Management responsibility in place of IMGA or, if there is no such Anti-Doping
Organization, any other Anti-Doping Organization that is willing to do so. In suchcase, IMGA shall reimburse the costs and attorney's fees of conducting Results
Management to the other Anti-Doping Organization designated by WADA, and a
failure to reimburse costs and attorney's fees shall be considered an act of noncompliance.

Review and Notification Regarding Potential Anti-Doping Rule Violations

IMGA shall carry out the review and notification with respect to any potential anti-doping ruleviolation in accordance with the International Standard for Results Management, as applicable.
7.3

Identification of Prior Anti-Doping Rule Violations

Before giving an Athlete or other Person notice of a potential anti-doping rule violation as provided
above, IMGA shall refer to ADAMS and contact WADA and other relevant Anti-Doping Organizations
to determine whether any prior anti-doping rule violation exists.
7.4

Provisional Suspensions 29
7.4.1

Mandatory Provisional Suspension after an Adverse Analytical Finding orAdverse Passport Finding

If IMGA receives an Adverse Analytical Finding or an Adverse Passport Finding (uponcompletion of the Adverse Passport Finding review process) for a Prohibited Substance ora Prohibited Method that is not a Specified Substance or a Specified Method, it shall impose
a Provisional Suspension on the Athlete promptly upon or after the review and notification
required by Article 7.2.
A mandatory Provisional Suspension may be eliminated if: (i) the Athlete demonstrates tothe International Hearing Panel established under Article 8 that the violation is likely to have
involved a Contaminated Product, or (ii) the violation involves a Substance of Abuse andthe Athlete establishes entitlement to a reduced period of Ineligibility under Article 10.2.4.1.

29[Comment to Article 7.4: Before a Provisional Suspension can be unilaterally imposed by IMGA, the internal review specified inthese Anti-Doping Rules and the International Standard for Results Management must first be completed.]

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The International Hearing Panel’s decision not to eliminate a mandatory Provisional
Suspension on account of the Athlete’s assertion regarding a Contaminated Product shallnot be appealable.
7.4.2

Optional Provisional Suspension Based on an Adverse Analytical Finding forSpecified Substances, Specified Methods, Contaminated Products, or Other
Anti-Doping Rule Violations

IMGA may impose a Provisional Suspension for anti-doping rule violations not covered by
Article 7.4.1 prior to the analysis of the Athlete’s B Sample or final hearing as described in
Article 8.
An optional Provisional Suspension may be lifted at the discretion of IMGA at any time prior
to the International Hearing Panel’s decision under Article 8, unless provided otherwise in
the International Standard for Results Management.
7.4.3

Opportunity for Hearing or Appeal

Notwithstanding Articles 7.4.1 and 7.4.2, a Provisional Suspension may not be imposed
unless the Athlete or other Person is given: (a) an opportunity for a Provisional Hearing,either before or on a timely basis after the imposition of the Provisional Suspension; or (b)an opportunity for an expedited hearing in accordance with Article 8 on a timely basis after
the imposition of the Provisional Suspension.
The imposition of a Provisional Suspension, or the decision not to impose a Provisional
Suspension, may be appealed in an expedited process in accordance with Article 12.2.
7.4.4

Voluntary Acceptance of Provisional Suspension

Athletes on their own initiative may voluntarily accept a Provisional Suspension if done so
prior to the later of: (i) the expiration of ten (10) days from the report of the B Sample (orwaiver of the B Sample) or ten (10) days from the notice of any other anti-doping ruleviolation, or (ii) the date on which the Athlete first competes after such report or notice.
Other Persons on their own initiative may voluntarily accept a Provisional Suspension if
done so within ten (10) days from the notice of the anti-doping rule violation.
Upon such voluntary acceptance, the Provisional Suspension shall have the full effect andbe treated in the same manner as if the Provisional Suspension had been imposed under
Article 7.4.1 or 7.4.2; provided, however, at any time after voluntarily accepting a
Provisional Suspension, the Athlete or other Person may withdraw such acceptance, inwhich event the Athlete or other Person shall not receive any credit for time previously
served during the Provisional Suspension.
7.4.5 If a Provisional Suspension is imposed based on an A Sample Adverse Analytical
Finding and a subsequent B Sample analysis (if requested by the Athlete or IMGA) does
not confirm the A Sample analysis, then the Athlete shall not be subject to any further
Provisional Suspension on account of a violation of Article 2.1. In circumstances where theAthlete or the Athlete's team has been removed from an Event based on a violation of
Article 2.1 and the subsequent B Sample analysis does not confirm the A Sample finding,if, without otherwise affect the Event, it is still possible for the Athlete or team to bereinserted, the Athlete or team may continue to take part in the Event.
7.5

Results Management Decisions

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A Results Management decision by IMGA shall address and determine, at a minimum, the following
issues: (i) whether an anti-doping rule violation was committed or a Provisional Suspension shouldbe imposed, the factual basis for such determination, and the specific Articles violated, and (ii)applicable Disqualifications under Articles 9, 10.1, 10.10 and 11 (if applicable), any forfeiture of
medals or prizes, and any Financial Consequences applicable to the anti-doping rule violation
related to IMGA’s Event. 30
7.6

Notification of Results Management Decisions

IMGA shall notify Athletes, other Persons, Signatories and WADA of Results Management
decisions as provided in Article 13 and the International Standard for Results Management.
7.7

Retirement from Sport 31

If an Athlete or other Person retires while the IMGA’s Results Management process is underway,
IMGA retains authority to complete its Results Management process. If an Athlete or other Person
retires before any Results Management process has begun, and IMGA would have had Results
Management authority over the Athlete or other Person at the time the Athlete or other Person
committed an anti-doping rule violation, IMGA has authority to conduct Results Management.
7.8

Review of Whereabouts Failures

IMGA shall refer potential filing failures and missed tests (as defined in the International Standard
for Results Management) to whichever of the Athlete’s International Federation or National AntiDoping Organization receives the Athlete’s whereabouts filings and so has responsibility for the
Results Management of whereabouts failures by that Athlete.
ARTICLE 8

RESULTS MANAGEMENT: RIGHT TO A FAIR HEARING AND NOTICE OF HEARINGDECISION

For any Person who is asserted to have committed an anti-doping rule violation, IMGA shall provide a fairhearing within a reasonable time by a fair, impartial and Operationally Independent hearing panel incompliance with the Code and the International Standard for Results Management.
8.1

Fair Hearings
8.1.1

Fair, Impartial and Operationally Independent Hearing Panel
IMGA has delegated its Article 8 responsibilities (first instance hearings, waiverof hearings and decisions) to the International Hearing Panel. The procedural
rules of the International Hearing Panel pertaining to the hearing of first instance

30[Comment to Article 7.5: Results Management decisions include Provisional Suspensions.
Pursuant to Article 14, any Results Management decision and the imposition of Consequences shall have automatic effect in every
sport in every country. For example, for a determination that an Athlete committed an anti-doping rule violation based on an Adverse
Analytical Finding for a Sample taken In-Competition, the Athlete’s results obtained in the Competition would be Disqualified under
Article 9 and all other competitive results obtained by the Athlete from the date the Sample was collected through the duration of
the period of Ineligibility are also Disqualified under Article 10.10; if the Adverse Analytical Finding resulted from Testing at an
Event, it would be the IMGA’s responsibility to decide whether the Athlete’s other individual results in the Event prior to Sample
collection are also Disqualified under Article 10.1.]

31[Comment to Article 7.7: Conduct by an Athlete or other Person before the Athlete or other Person was subject to the authority of
any Anti-Doping Organization would not constitute an anti-doping rule violation but could be a legitimate basis for denying theAthlete or other Person membership in a sports organization.]

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shall apply and are deemed to be incorporated by reference to this clause. The
International Hearing Panel will always ensurethat the Athlete or other Person isprovided with a fair hearing within a reasonable time by a fair, impartial andOperationally Independent hearing panel in compliance with the Codeand theInternational Standard for Results Management.
8.1.2

8.2

8.3

8.1.2.1

When IMGA sends a notice to an Athlete or other Person notifying
them of a potential anti-doping rule violation, and the Athlete or other
Person does not waive a hearing in accordance with Article 8.3.1 or
Article 8.3.2, then the case shall be referred to the International
Hearing Panel for hearing and adjudication, which shall be conductedin accordance with the principles described in Articles 8 and 9 of theInternational Standard for Results Management, as applicable.

8.1.2.2

Notwithstanding Article 13.1 of the procedural rules of the International
Hearing Panel, the Hearing Panel for a case shall always be composedof one Single Judge appointed by the Secretariat pursuant to theprocedural rules of the International Hearing Panel.

8.1.2.3

Hearings held in connection with IMGA’s Events shall be scheduled
and completed within a reasonable time. During the IMGA Events,
hearings may be conducted by an expedited process where permitted
by the International Hearing Panel. 32

8.1.2.4

WADA, the National Anti-Doping Organization, the International
Federation of the Athlete or other Person may attend the hearing as
interested parties and adduce evidences. In any event, IMGA shallkeep them fully apprised as to the status of pending cases and theresult of all hearings.

Notice of Decisions
8.2.1

At the end of the hearing, or promptly thereafter, the International Hearing Panelshall issue a written decision that conforms with Article 9 of the International
Standard for Results Management and Article 7.5 of these Anti-Doping Rules.

8.2.2

IMGA shall notify that decision to the Athlete or other Person, the Athlete’s
International Federation and to other Anti-Doping Organizations with a right toappeal under Article 12.2.2 and shall promptly report it into ADAMS. The decision
may be appealed as provided in Article 12.

Waiver of Hearing
8.3.1

32

Hearing Process

An Athlete or other Person against whom an anti-doping rule violation is asserted
may waive a hearing expressly and agree with the Consequences proposed by
IMGA.

[Comment to Article 8.1.2.4: For example, a hearing could be expedited on the eve of a major Event where the resolution of theanti-doping rule violation is necessary to determine the Athlete's eligibility to participate in the Event or during an Event where theresolution of the case will affect the validity of the Athlete's results or continued participation in the Event.]

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8.3.2

However, if the Athlete or other Person against whom an anti-doping rule violation
is asserted fails to dispute that assertion within fifteen (15) days or the deadline
otherwise specified in the notice sent by the IMGA asserting the violation, then theyshall be deemed to have waived a hearing, admitted the violation, and to haveaccepted the proposed Consequences.

8.3.3

In cases where Article 8.3.1 or 8.3.2 applies, a hearing before the International
Hearing Panel shall not be required. Instead IMGA shall promptly issue a written
decision that conforms with Article 9 of the International Standard for Results
Management and Article 7.5 of these Anti-Doping Rules.

8.3.4

8.4

IMGA shall notify that decision to the Athlete or other Person and to other AntiDoping Organizations with a right to appeal under Article 12.2.2, and shallpromptly report it into ADAMS. IMGA shall Publicly Disclose that decision inaccordance with Article 13.3.2.
Single Hearing Before CAS

Anti-doping rule violations asserted against International-Level Athletes, National-Level Athletes orother Persons may, with the consent of the Athlete or other Person, IMGA (where it has Results
Management responsibility in accordance with Article 7) and WADA, be heard in a single hearing
directly at CAS. 33
ARTICLE 9

AUTOMATIC DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS

An anti-doping rule violation in Individual Sports in connection with an In-Competition test automaticallyleads to Disqualification of the result obtained in that Competition with all resulting Consequences, including
forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes. 34
ARTICLE 10
10.1

SANCTIONS ON INDIVIDUALSDisqualification of Results in the Event during which an Anti-Doping Rule Violation
Occurs
10.1.1An anti-doping rule violation occurring during or in connection with an Event may,upon the decision of the International Hearing Panel, lead to Disqualification of
all of the Athlete's individual results obtained in that Event with all Consequences,including forfeiture of all medals, points and prizes, except as provided in Article
10.1.2.

33[Comment to Article 8.4: In some cases, the combined cost of holding a hearing in the first instance at the international or national
level, then rehearing the case de novo before CAS can be very substantial. Where all of the parties identified in this Article aresatisfied that their interests will be adequately protected in a single hearing, there is no need for the Athlete or Anti-Doping
Organizations to incur the extra expense of two (2) hearings. An Anti-Doping Organization may participate in the CAS hearing as
an observer. Nothing set out in Article 8.4 precludes the Athlete or other Person and IMGA (where it has Results Management
responsibility) to waive their right to appeal by agreement. Such waiver, however, only binds the parties to such agreement andnot any other entity with a right of appeal under the Code.]

34[Comment to Article 9: For Team Sports, any awards received by individual players will be Disqualified. However, Disqualificationof the team will be as provided in Article 11. In sports which are not Team Sports but where awards are given to teams,
Disqualification or other disciplinary action against the team when one or more team members have committed an anti-doping ruleviolation shall be as provided in the applicable rules of the International Federation.]

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Factors to be included in considering whether to Disqualify other results in an Eventmight include, for example, the seriousness of the Athlete’s anti-doping rule violation
and whether the Athlete tested negative in the other Competitions. 35
10.1.2

10.2

If the Athlete establishes that he or she bears No Fault or Negligence for theviolation, the Athlete's individual results in the other Competitions shall not be
Disqualified, unless the Athlete's results in Competitions other than theCompetition in which the anti-doping rule violation occurred were likely to havebeen affected by the Athlete's anti-doping rule violation.

Ineligibility for Presence, Use or Attempted Use or Possession of a Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method

The period of Ineligibility for a violation of Article 2.1, 2.2 or 2.6 shall be as follows, subject topotential elimination, reduction or suspension pursuant to Article 10.5, 10.6 or 10.7:
10.2.1The period of Ineligibility, subject to Article 10.2.4, shall be four (4) years where:
10.2.1.1 The anti-doping rule violation does not involve a Specified Substanceor a Specified Method, unless the Athlete or other Person can establishthat the anti-doping rule violation was not intentional. 36
10.2.1.2 The anti-doping rule violation involves a Specified Substance or aSpecified Method and IMGA can establish that the anti-doping ruleviolation was intentional.

10.2.2

If Article 10.2.1 does not apply, subject to Article 10.2.4.1, the period of
Ineligibility shall be two (2) years.

10.2.3As used in Article 10.2, the term “intentional” is meant to identify those Athletes
or other Persons who engage in conduct which they knew constituted an antidoping rule violation or knew that there was a significant risk that the conduct
might constitute or result in an anti-doping rule violation and manifestly
disregarded that risk. An anti-doping rule violation resulting from an Adverse
Analytical Finding for a substance which is only prohibited In-Competition shallbe rebuttably presumed to be not "intentional" if the substance is a Specified
Substance and the Athlete can establish that the Prohibited Substance was Used
Out-of-Competition. An anti-doping rule violation resulting from an Adverse
Analytical Finding for a substance which is only prohibited In-Competition shallnot be considered "intentional" if the substance is not a Specified Substance andthe Athlete can establish that the Prohibited Substance was Used Out-ofCompetition in a context unrelated to sport performance. 37

35[Comment to Article 10.1.1: Whereas Article 9 Disqualifies the result in a single Competition in which the Athlete tested positive(e.g., the 100 meter backstroke), this Article may lead to Disqualification of all results in all races during the Event (e.g., theswimming World Championships).]

36[Comment to Article 10.2.1.1: While it is theoretically possible for an Athlete or other Person to establish that the anti-doping ruleviolation was not intentional without showing how the Prohibited Substance entered one’s system, it is highly unlikely that in adoping case under Article 2.1 an Athlete will be successful in proving that the Athlete acted unintentionally without establishing thesource of the Prohibited Substance.]

37[Comment to Article 10.2.3: Article 10.2.3 provides a special definition of “intentional” which is to be applied solely for purposes of
Article 10.2.]

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10.2.4

Notwithstanding any other provision in Article 10.2, where the anti-doping rule violation
involves a Substance of Abuse:
10.2.4.1 If the Athlete can establish that any ingestion or Use occurred Out-ofCompetition and was unrelated to sport performance, then the period
of Ineligibility shall be three (3) months Ineligibility.
In addition, the period of Ineligibility calculated under this Article
10.2.4.1 may be reduced to one (1) month if the Athlete or other Person
satisfactorily completes a Substance of Abuse treatment programapproved by IMGA. The period of Ineligibility established in this Article
10.2.4.1 is not subject to any reduction based on any provision in
Article 10.6. 38
10.2.4.2 If the ingestion, Use or Possession occurred In-Competition, and theAthlete can establish that the context of the ingestion, Use or
Possession was unrelated to sport performance, then the ingestion,
Use or Possession shall not be considered intentional for purposes of
Article 10.2.1 and shall not provide a basis for a finding of Aggravating
Circumstances under Article 10.4.

10.3

Ineligibility for Other Anti-Doping Rule Violations

The period of Ineligibility for anti-doping rule violations other than as provided in Article 10.2 shallbe as follows, unless Article 10.6 or 10.7 are applicable:

38

10.3.1For violations of Article 2.3 or 2.5, the period of Ineligibility shall be four (4) years
except: (i) in the case of failing to submit to Sample collection, if the Athlete canestablish that the commission of the anti-doping rule violation was not intentional,
the period of Ineligibility shall be two (2) years; (ii) in all other cases, if the Athlete
or other Person can establish exceptional circumstances that justify a reductionof the period of Ineligibility, the period of Ineligibility shall be in a range from two(2) years to four (4) years depending on the Athlete or other Person’s degree ofFault; or (iii) in a case involving a Protected Person or Recreational Athlete, theperiod of Ineligibility shall be in a range between a maximum of two (2) years and,at a minimum, a reprimand and no period of Ineligibility, depending on theProtected Person or Recreational Athlete’s degree of Fault.

10.3.2For violations of Article 2.4, the period of Ineligibility shall be two (2) years,
subject to reduction down to a minimum of one (1) year, depending on the
Athlete’s degree of Fault. The flexibility between two (2) years and one (1) yearof Ineligibility in this Article is not available to Athletes where a pattern of lastminute whereabouts changes or other conduct raises a serious suspicion that the
Athlete was trying to avoid being available for Testing.

10.3.3For violations of Article 2.7 or 2.8, the period of Ineligibility shall be a minimum offour (4) years up to lifetime Ineligibility, depending on the seriousness of theviolation. An Article 2.7 or Article 2.8 violation involving a Protected Person shall[Comment to Article 10.2.4.1: The determinations as to whether the treatment program is approved and whether the Athlete orother Person has satisfactorily completed the program shall be made in the sole discretion of IMGA. This Article is intended to give
IMGA the leeway to apply their own judgment to identify and approve legitimate and reputable, as opposed to “sham”, treatment
programs. It is anticipated, however, that the characteristics of legitimate treatment programs may vary widely and change overtime such that it would not be practical for WADA to develop mandatory criteria for acceptable treatment programs.]

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be considered a particularly serious violation and, if committed by Athlete Support
Personnel for violations other than for Specified Substances, shall result in
lifetime Ineligibility for Athlete Support Personnel. In addition, significant
violations of Article 2.7 or 2.8 which may also violate non-sporting laws andregulations, shall be reported to the competent administrative, professional or
judicial authorities. 39

10.4

10.3.4For violations of Article 2.9, the period of Ineligibility imposed shall be a minimumof two (2) years, up to lifetime Ineligibility, depending on the seriousness of theviolation.

10.3.5For violations of Article 2.10, the period of Ineligibility shall be two (2) years,
subject to reduction down to a minimum of one (1) year, depending on the Athlete
or other Person’s degree of Fault and other circumstances of the case. 40

10.3.6For violations of Article 2.11, the period of Ineligibility shall be a minimum of two(2) years, up to lifetime Ineligibility, depending on the seriousness of the violationby the Athlete or other Person. 41

Aggravating Circumstances which may Increase the Period of Ineligibility

If IMGA establishes in an individual case involving an anti-doping rule violation other than violations
under Article 2.7 (Trafficking or Attempted Trafficking), 2.8 (Administration or Attempted
Administration), 2.9 (Complicity or Attempted Complicity) or 2.11 (Acts by an Athlete or Other
Person to Discourage or Retaliate Against Reporting) that Aggravating Circumstances are present
which justify the imposition of a period of Ineligibility greater than the standard sanction, then the
period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable shall be increased by an additional period of Ineligibilityof up to two (2) years depending on the seriousness of the violation and the nature of the
Aggravating Circumstances, unless the Athlete or other Person can establish that he or she did notknowingly commit the anti-doping rule violation. 42
10.5

Elimination of the Period of Ineligibility where there is No Fault or Negligence

If an Athlete or other Person establishes in an individual case that he or she bears No Fault or
Negligence, then the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility shall be eliminated. 43

39[Comment to Article 10.3.3: Those who are involved in doping Athletes or covering up doping should be subject to sanctions which
are more severe than the Athletes who test positive. Since the authority of sport organizations is generally limited to Ineligibility for
accreditation, membership and other sport benefits, reporting Athlete Support Personnel to competent authorities is an important
step in the deterrence of doping.]

40[Comment to Article 10.3.5: Where the “other Person” referenced in Article 2.10 is an entity and not an individual, that entity may
be disciplined as provided in Article 12 of the Code.]

41[Comment to Article 10.3.6: Conduct that is found to violate both Article 2.5 (Tampering) and Article 2.11 (Acts by an Athlete or
Other Person to Discourage or Retaliate Against Reporting to Authorities) shall be sanctioned based on the violation that carries
the more severe sanction.]

42[Comment to Article 10.4: Violations under Articles 2.7 (Trafficking or Attempted Trafficking), 2.8 (Administration or Attempted
Administration), 2.9 (Complicity or Attempted Complicity) and 2.11 (Acts by an Athlete or Other Person to Discourage or Retaliate
Against Reporting to Authorities) are not included in the application of Article 10.4 because the sanctions for these violations
already build in sufficient discretion up to a lifetime ban to allow consideration of any Aggravating Circumstance.]

43[Comment to Article 10.5: This Article and Article 10.6.2 apply only to the imposition of sanctions; they are not applicable to thedetermination of whether an anti-doping rule violation has occurred. They will only apply in exceptional circumstances, for example,
where an Athlete could prove that, despite all due care, he or she was sabotaged by a competitor. Conversely, No Fault or
Negligence would not apply in the following circumstances: (a) a positive test resulting from a mislabeled or contaminated vitamin

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10.6

Reduction of the Period of Ineligibility based on No Significant Fault or Negligence10.6.1

Reduction of Sanctions in Particular Circumstances for Violations of Article 2.1,
2.2 or 2.6.
All reductions under Article 10.6.1 are mutually exclusive and not cumulative.
10.6.1.1 Specified Substances or Specified Methods
Where the anti-doping rule violation involves a Specified Substance(other than a Substance of Abuse) or Specified Method, and theAthlete or other Person can establish No Significant Fault or
Negligence, then the period of Ineligibility shall be, at a minimum, areprimand and no period of Ineligibility, and at a maximum, two (2)years of Ineligibility, depending on the Athlete’s or other Person’s
degree of Fault.
10.6.1.2 Contaminated Products
In cases where the Athlete or other Person can establish both No
Significant Fault or Negligence and that the detected Prohibited
Substance (other than a Substance of Abuse) came from a
Contaminated Product, then the period of Ineligibility shall be, at aminimum, a reprimand and no period of Ineligibility, and at a maximum,
two (2) years Ineligibility, depending on the Athlete or other Person’s
degree of Fault. 44
10.6.1.3 Protected Persons or Recreational Athletes
Where the anti-doping rule violation not involving a Substance ofAbuse is committed by a Protected Person or Recreational Athlete,
and the Protected Person or Recreational Athlete can establish No
Significant Fault or Negligence, then the period of Ineligibility shall be,
at a minimum, a reprimand and no period of Ineligibility, and at a
maximum, two (2) years Ineligibility, depending on the Protected
Person or Recreational Athlete’s degree of Fault.

or nutritional supplement (Athletes are responsible for what they ingest (Article 2.1) and have been warned against the possibilityof supplement contamination); (b) the Administration of a Prohibited Substance by the Athlete’s personal physician or trainer
without disclosure to the Athlete (Athletes are responsible for their choice of medical personnel and for advising medical personnel
that they cannot be given any Prohibited Substance); and (c) sabotage of the Athlete’s food or drink by a spouse, coach or other
Person within the Athlete’s circle of associates (Athletes are responsible for what they ingest and for the conduct of those Persons
to whom they entrust access to their food and drink). However, depending on the unique facts of a particular case, any of thereferenced illustrations could result in a reduced sanction under Article 10.6 based on No Significant Fault or Negligence.]
44[Comment to Article 10.6.1.2: In order to receive the benefit of this Article, the Athlete or other Person must establish not only thatthe detected Prohibited Substance came from a Contaminated Product, but must also separately establish No Significant Fault or
Negligence. It should be further noted that Athletes are on notice that they take nutritional supplements at their own risk. The
sanction reduction based on No Significant Fault or Negligence has rarely been applied in Contaminated Product cases unless the
Athlete has exercised a high level of caution before taking the Contaminated Product. In assessing whether the Athlete canestablish the source of the Prohibited Substance, it would, for example, be significant for purposes of establishing whether the
Athlete actually Used the Contaminated Product, whether the Athlete had declared the product which was subsequently determined
to be contaminated on the Doping Control Form.
This Article should not be extended beyond products that have gone through some process of manufacturing. Where an Adverse
Analytical Finding results from environment contamination of a “non-product” such as tap water or lake water in circumstanceswhere no reasonable person would expect any risk of an anti-doping rule violation, typically there would be No Fault or Negligence
under Article 10.5.]

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10.6.2

Application of No Significant Fault or Negligence beyond the Application of Article
10.6.1
If an Athlete or other Person establishes in an individual case where Article 10.6.1
is not applicable, that he or she bears No Significant Fault or Negligence, then,subject to further reduction or elimination as provided in Article 10.7, theotherwise applicable period of Ineligibility may be reduced based on the Athlete
or other Person’s degree of Fault, but the reduced period of Ineligibility may not
be less than one-half of the period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable. If theotherwise applicable period of Ineligibility is a lifetime, the reduced period under
this Article may be no less than eight (8) years. 45

10.7

Elimination, Reduction, or Suspension of Period of Ineligibility or Other
Consequences for Reasons Other than Fault
10.7.1Substantial Assistance in Discovering or Establishing Code Violations 46
10.7.1.1 IMGA may, prior to an appellate decision under Article 12 or the
expiration of the time to appeal, suspend a part of the Consequences(other than Disqualification and mandatory Public Disclosure) imposedin an individual case where the Athlete or other Person has provided
Substantial Assistance to an Anti-Doping Organization, criminal
authority or professional disciplinary body which results in: (i) the AntiDoping Organization discovering or bringing forward an anti-doping
rule violation by another Person; or (ii) which results in a criminal ordisciplinary body discovering or bringing forward a criminal offense or
the breach of professional rules committed by another Person and theinformation provided by the Person providing Substantial Assistance ismade available to IMGA or other Anti-Doping Organization with
Results Management responsibility; or (iii) which results in WADA
initiating a proceeding against a Signatory, WADA-accredited
laboratory, or Athlete passport management unit (as defined in theInternational Standard for Laboratories) for non-compliance with theCode, International Standard or Technical Document; or (iv) with theapproval by WADA, which results in a criminal or disciplinary bodybringing forward a criminal offense or the breach of professional or
sport rules arising out of a sport integrity violation other than doping.
After an appellate decision under Article 12 or the expiration of time toappeal, IMGA may only suspend a part of the otherwise applicable
Consequences with the approval of WADA and the applicable
International Federation.
The extent to which the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility may
be suspended shall be based on the seriousness of the anti-doping
rule violation committed by the Athlete or other Person and thesignificance of the Substantial Assistance provided by the Athlete orother Person to the effort to eliminate doping in sport, non-compliancewith the Code and/or sport integrity violations. No more than three-

45[Comment to Article 10.6.2: Article 10.6.2 may be applied to any anti-doping rule violation except, those Articles where intent is anelement of the anti-doping rule violation (e.g., Article 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 or 2.11) or an element of a particular sanction (e.g., Article
10.2.1) or a range of Ineligibility is already provided in an Article based on the Athlete or other Person’s degree of Fault.]

46[Comment to Article 10.7.1: The cooperation of Athletes, Athlete Support Personnel and other Persons who acknowledge their
mistakes and are willing to bring other anti-doping rule violations to light is important to clean sport.]

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quarters of the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility may besuspended. If the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility is a lifetime,
the non-suspended period under this Article must be no less than eight(8) years. For purposes of this paragraph, the otherwise applicable
period of Ineligibility shall not include any period of Ineligibility that
could be added under Article 10.9.3.2 of these Anti-Doping Rules.
If so requested by an Athlete or other Person who seeks to provide
Substantial Assistance, IMGA shall allow the Athlete or other Person
to provide the information to it subject to a Without Prejudice
Agreement.
If the Athlete or other Person fails to continue to cooperate and toprovide the complete and credible Substantial Assistance upon whicha suspension of Consequences was based, IMGA shall reinstate theoriginal Consequences. If IMGA decides to reinstate suspended
Consequences or decides not to reinstate suspended Consequences,that decision may be appealed by any Person entitled to appeal under
Article 12.
10.7.1.2 To further encourage Athletes and other Persons to provide
Substantial Assistance to Anti-Doping Organizations, at the request of
IMGA or at the request of the Athlete or other Person who has, or has
been asserted to have, committed an anti-doping rule violation, orother violation of the Code, WADA may agree at any stage of theResults Management process, including after an appellate decision
under Article 12, to what it considers to be an appropriate suspensionof the otherwise-applicable period of Ineligibility and otherConsequences. In exceptional circumstances, WADA may agree tosuspensions of the period of Ineligibility and other Consequences for
Substantial Assistance greater than those otherwise provided in this
Article, or even no period of Ineligibility, no mandatory Public
Disclosure and/or no return of prize money or payment of fines or costs.
WADA’s approval shall be subject to reinstatement of Consequences,as otherwise provided in this Article. Notwithstanding Article 12,
WADA’s decisions in the context of this Article 10.7.1.2 may not be
appealed.
10.7.1.3 If IMGA suspends any part of an otherwise applicable sanction
because of Substantial Assistance, then notice providing justification
for the decision shall be provided to the other Anti-Doping
Organizations with a right to appeal under Article 12.2.2 as provided in
Article 13.
In unique circumstances where WADA determines that it would be in
the best interest of anti-doping, WADA may authorize IMGA to enter
into appropriate confidentiality agreements limiting or delaying thedisclosure of the Substantial Assistance agreement or the nature of
Substantial Assistance being provided.
10.7.2Admission of an Anti-Doping Rule Violation in the Absence of Other Evidence
Where an Athlete or other Person voluntarily admits the commission of an antidoping rule violation before having received notice of a Sample collection which
could establish an anti-doping rule violation (or, in the case of an anti-doping ruleviolation other than Article 2.1, before receiving first notice of the admitted

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violation pursuant to Article 7) and that admission is the only reliable evidence ofthe violation at the time of admission, then the period of Ineligibility may be
reduced, but not below one-half of the period of Ineligibility otherwise
applicable. 47
10.7.3

Application of Multiple Grounds for Reduction of a Sanction
Where an Athlete or other Person establishes entitlement to reduction in sanction
under more than one provision of Article 10.5, 10.6 or 10.7, before applying any
reduction or suspension under Article 10.7, the otherwise applicable period of
Ineligibility shall be determined in accordance with Articles 10.2, 10.3, 10.5, and10.6. If the Athlete or other Person establishes entitlement to a reduction orsuspension of the period of Ineligibility under Article 10.7, then the period of
Ineligibility may be reduced or suspended, but not below one-fourth of theotherwise applicable period of Ineligibility.

10.8

Results Management Agreements
10.8.1

One-Year Reduction for Certain Anti-Doping Rule Violations Based on Early
Admission and Acceptance of Sanction
Where an Athlete or other Person, after being notified by IMGA of a potential antidoping rule violation that carries an asserted period of Ineligibility of four (4) ormore years (including any period of Ineligibility asserted under Article 10.4),
admits the violation and accepts the asserted period of Ineligibility no later thantwenty (20) days after receiving notice of an anti-doping rule violation charge, theAthlete or other Person may receive a one-year reduction in the period of
Ineligibility asserted by IMGA. Where the Athlete or other Person receives the
one-year reduction in the asserted period of Ineligibility under this Article 10.8.1,
no further reduction in the asserted period of Ineligibility shall be allowed under
any other Article. 48

10.8.2

Case Resolution Agreement
Where the Athlete or other Person admits an anti-doping rule violation after being
confronted with the anti-doping rule violation by IMGA and agrees toConsequences acceptable to IMGA and WADA, at their sole discretion, then: (a)the Athlete or other Person may receive a reduction in the period of Ineligibility
based on an assessment by IMGA and WADA of the application of Articles 10.1
through 10.7 to the asserted anti-doping rule violation, the seriousness of theviolation, the Athlete or other Person’s degree of Fault and how promptly the
Athlete or other Person admitted the violation; and (b) the period of Ineligibility
may start as early as the date of Sample collection or the date on which anotheranti-doping rule violation last occurred. In each case, however, where this Article

47[Comment to Article 10.7.2: This Article is intended to apply when an Athlete or other Person comes forward and admits to an antidoping rule violation in circumstances where no Anti-Doping Organization is aware that an anti-doping rule violation might havebeen committed. It is not intended to apply to circumstances where the admission occurs after the Athlete or other Person believes
he or she is about to be caught. The amount by which Ineligibility is reduced should be based on the likelihood that the Athlete orother Person would have been caught had he or she not come forward voluntarily.]48[Comment to Article 10.8.1: For example, if IMGA alleges that an Athlete has violated Article 2.1 for Use of an anabolic steroid andasserts the applicable period of Ineligibility is four (4) years, then the Athlete may unilaterally reduce the period of Ineligibility tothree (4) years by admitting the violation and accepting the three-year period of Ineligibility within the time specified in this Article,
with no further reduction allowed. This resolves the case without any need for a hearing.]

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is applied, the Athlete or other Person shall serve at least one-half of the agreedupon period of Ineligibility going forward from the earlier of the date the Athlete
or other Person accepted the imposition of a sanction or a Provisional
Suspension which was subsequently respected by the Athlete or other Person.
The decision by WADA and IMGA to enter or not enter into a case resolutionagreement, and the amount of the reduction to, and the starting date of the period
of Ineligibility, are not matters for determination or review by a hearing body andare not subject to appeal under Article 12.
If so requested by an Athlete or other Person who seeks to enter into a caseresolution agreement under this Article, IMGA shall allow the Athlete or other
Person to discuss an admission of the anti-doping rule violation with it subject toa Without Prejudice Agreement. 49
10.9

Multiple Violations
10.9.1 Second or Third Anti-Doping Rule Violation
10.9.1.1 For an Athlete or other Person’s second anti-doping rule violation, theperiod of Ineligibility shall be the greater of:(a)A six-month period of Ineligibility; or(b)

A period of Ineligibility in the range between:(i) the sum of the period of Ineligibility imposed for the firstanti-doping rule violation plus the period of Ineligibility
otherwise applicable to the second anti-doping ruleviolation treated as if it were a first violation, and(ii) twice the period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable to thesecond anti-doping rule violation treated as if it were a first
violation.
The period of Ineligibility within this range shall be
determined based on the entirety of the circumstances
and the Athlete or other Person’s degree of Fault withrespect to the second violation.

10.9.1.2 A third anti-doping rule violation will always result in a lifetime period
of Ineligibility, except if the third violation fulfills the condition forelimination or reduction of the period of Ineligibility under Article 10.5
or 10.6, or involves a violation of Article 2.4. In these particular cases,
the period of Ineligibility shall be from eight (8) years to lifetime
Ineligibility.
10.9.1.3 The period of Ineligibility established in Articles 10.9.1.1 and 10.9.1.2
may then be further reduced by the application of Article 10.7.
10.9.249

An anti-doping rule violation for which an Athlete or other Person has established
No Fault or Negligence shall not be considered a violation for purposes of this[Comment to Article 10.8: Any mitigating or aggravating factors set forth in this Article 10 shall be considered in arriving at theConsequences set forth in the case resolution agreement, and shall not be applicable beyond the terms of that agreement.]

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Article 10.9. In addition, an anti-doping rule violation sanctioned under Article
10.2.4.1 shall not be considered a violation for purposes of Article 10.9.
10.9.3

Additional Rules for Certain Potential Multiple Violations
10.9.3.1 For purposes of imposing sanctions under Article 10.9, except asprovided in Articles 10.9.3.2 and 10.9.3.3, an anti-doping rule violation
will only be considered a second violation if IMGA can establish that
the Athlete or other Person committed the additional anti-doping ruleviolation after the Athlete or other Person received notice pursuant to
Article 7, or after IMGA made reasonable efforts to give notice of thefirst anti-doping rule violation. If IMGA cannot establish this, theviolations shall be considered together as one single first violation, andthe sanction imposed shall be based on the violation that carries themore severe sanction, including the application of Aggravating
Circumstances. Results in all Competitions dating back to the earlier
anti-doping rule violation will be Disqualified as provided in Article
10.10. 50
10.9.3.2 If IMGA establishes that an Athlete or other Person committed an
additional anti-doping rule violation prior to notification, and that theadditional violation occurred twelve (12) months or more before or after
the first-noticed violation, then the period of Ineligibility for the
additional violation shall be calculated as if the additional violation
were a stand-alone first violation and this period of Ineligibility is servedconsecutively, rather than concurrently, with the period of Ineligibility
imposed for the earlier-noticed violation. Where this Article 10.9.3.2
applies, the violations taken together shall constitute a single violation
for purposes of Article 10.9.1.
10.9.3.3 If IMGA establishes that an Athlete or other Person committed aviolation of Article 2.5 in connection with the Doping Control process
for an underlying asserted anti-doping rule violation, the violation of
Article 2.5 shall be treated as a stand-alone first violation and theperiod of Ineligibility for such violation shall be served consecutively,
rather than concurrently, with the period of Ineligibility, if any, imposed
for the underlying anti-doping rule violation. Where this Article 10.9.3.3
is applied, the violations taken together shall constitute a single
violation for purposes of Article 10.9.1.
10.9.3.4 If IMGA establishes that an Athlete or other Person has committed asecond or third anti-doping rule violation during a period of Ineligibility,
the periods of Ineligibility for the multiple violations shall runconsecutively, rather than concurrently.

10.9.4Multiple Anti-Doping Rule Violations during Ten-Year Period
For purposes of Article 10.9, each anti-doping rule violation must take place within
the same ten-year period in order to be considered multiple violations.

50[Comment to Article 10.9.3.1: The same rule applies where, after the imposition of a sanction, IMGA discovers facts involving ananti-doping rule violation that occurred prior to notification for a first anti-doping rule violation – e.g., IMGA shall impose a sanction
based on the sanction that could have been imposed if the two (2) violations had been adjudicated at the same time, including theapplication of Aggravating Circumstances.]

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10.10Disqualification of Results in Competitions Subsequent to Sample Collection orCommission of an Anti-Doping Rule Violation

In addition to the automatic Disqualification of the results in the Competition which produced thepositive Sample under Article 9, all other competitive results of the Athlete obtained from the datea positive Sample was collected (whether In-Competition or Out-of-Competition), or other antidoping rule violation occurred, through the commencement of any Provisional Suspension or
Ineligibility period, shall, unless fairness requires otherwise, be Disqualified with all of the resulting
Consequences including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes. 51
10.11

Forfeited Prize Money

If IMGA recovers prize money forfeited as a result of an anti-doping rule violation, it shall takereasonable measures to allocate and distribute this prize money to the Athletes who would havebeen entitled to it had the forfeiting Athlete not competed. 52
10.12

10.13

Financial Consequences
10.12.1

Where an Athlete or other Person commits an anti-doping rule violation, IMGA
may, in its discretion and subject to the principle of proportionality, elect torecover from the Athlete or other Person costs associated with the anti-doping
rule violation, regardless of the period of Ineligibility imposed.

10.12.2

IMGA's recovery of costs shall not be considered a basis for reducing theIneligibility or other sanction which would otherwise be applicable under theseAnti-Doping Rules.

Commencement of Ineligibility Period

Where an Athlete is already serving a period of Ineligibility for an anti-doping rule violation, any new
period of Ineligibility shall commence on the first day after the current period of Ineligibility has been
served. Otherwise, except as provided below, the period of Ineligibility shall start on the date of the
final hearing decision providing for Ineligibility or, if the hearing is waived or there is no hearing, on
the date Ineligibility is accepted or otherwise imposed.
10.13.1

Delays Not Attributable to the Athlete or other Person
Where there have been substantial delays in the hearing process or otheraspects of Doping Control, and the Athlete or other Person can establish thatsuch delays are not attributable to the Athlete or other Person, IMGA or theInternational Hearing Panel, if applicable, may start the period of Ineligibility at
an earlier date commencing as early as the date of Sample collection or the dateon which another anti-doping rule violation last occurred. All competitive results

51[Comment to Article 10.10: Nothing in these Anti-Doping Rules precludes clean Athletes or other Persons who have been damagedby the actions of a Person who has committed an anti-doping rule violation from pursuing any right which they would otherwise
have to seek damages from such Person.]

52[Comment to Article 10.11: This Article is not intended to impose an affirmative duty on IMGA to take any action to collect forfeitedprize money. If IMGA elects not to take any action to collect forfeited prize money, it may assign its right to recover such money to
the Athlete(s) who should have otherwise received the money. “Reasonable measures to allocate and distribute this prize money”
could include using collected forfeited prize money as agreed upon by IMGA and its Athletes.]

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achieved during the period of Ineligibility, including retroactive Ineligibility, shallbe Disqualified. 53
10.13.2

10.14

Credit for Provisional Suspension or Period of Ineligibility Served
10.13.2.1

If a Provisional Suspension is respected by the Athlete or other
Person, then the Athlete or other Person shall receive a credit forsuch period of Provisional Suspension against any period of
Ineligibility which may ultimately be imposed. If the Athlete or other
Person does not respect a Provisional Suspension, then the Athlete
or other Person shall receive no credit for any period of Provisional
Suspension served. If a period of Ineligibility is served pursuant to adecision that is subsequently appealed, then the Athlete or other
Person shall receive a credit for such period of Ineligibility served
against any period of Ineligibility which may ultimately be imposedon appeal.

10.13.2.2

If an Athlete or other Person voluntarily accepts a Provisional
Suspension in writing from IMGA and thereafter respects theProvisional Suspension, the Athlete or other Person shall receive acredit for such period of voluntary Provisional Suspension against
any period of Ineligibility which may ultimately be imposed. A copyof the Athlete or other Person’s voluntary acceptance of aProvisional Suspension shall be provided promptly to each party
entitled to receive notice of an asserted anti-doping rule violation
under Article 13.1. 54

10.13.2.3

No credit against a period of Ineligibility shall be given for any time
period before the effective date of the Provisional Suspension or
voluntary Provisional Suspension regardless of whether the Athlete
elected not to compete or was suspended by a team.

10.13.2.4

In Team Sports, where a period of Ineligibility is imposed upon ateam, unless fairness requires otherwise, the period of Ineligibility
shall start on the date of the final hearing decision providing forIneligibility or, if the hearing is waived, on the date Ineligibility is
accepted or otherwise imposed. Any period of team Provisional
Suspension (whether imposed or voluntarily accepted) shall becredited against the total period of Ineligibility to be served.

Status During Ineligibility or Provisional Suspension
10.14.1

Prohibition Against Participation During Ineligibility or Provisional Suspension

No Athlete or other Person who has been declared Ineligible or is subject to a Provisional
Suspension may, during a period of Ineligibility or Provisional Suspension, participate inany capacity in a Competition or activity (other than authorized anti-doping Education or
53[Comment to Article 10.13.1: In cases of anti-doping rule violations other than under Article 2.1, the time required for an Anti-Doping
Organization to discover and develop facts sufficient to establish an anti-doping rule violation may be lengthy, particularly where
the Athlete or other Person has taken affirmative action to avoid detection. In these circumstances, the flexibility provided in this
Article to start the sanction at an earlier date should not be used.]

54[Comment to Article 10.13.2.2: An Athlete’s voluntary acceptance of a Provisional Suspension is not an admission by the Athlete
and shall not be used in any way as to draw an adverse inference against the Athlete.]

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rehabilitation programs) authorized or organized by any Signatory, Signatory's member
organization, or a club or other member organization of a Signatory’s member organization,or in Competitions authorized or organized by any professional league or any internationalor national-level Event organization or any elite or national-level sporting activity funded bya governmental agency.
An Athlete or other Person subject to a period of Ineligibility longer than four (4) years may,after completing four (4) years of the period of Ineligibility, participate as an Athlete in local
sport events not sanctioned or otherwise under the authority of a Code Signatory or
member of a Code Signatory, but only so long as the local sport event is not at a level that
could otherwise qualify such Athlete or other Person directly or indirectly to compete in (oraccumulate points toward) a national championship or International Event, and does not
involve the Athlete or other Person working in any capacity with Protected Persons.
An Athlete or other Person subject to a period of Ineligibility shall remain subject to Testing
and any requirement by IMGA to provide whereabouts information. 55
10.14.2

Return to Training

As an exception to Article 10.14.1, an Athlete may return to train with a team or to use thefacilities of a club or other member organization of a Signatory’s member organization
during the shorter of: (1) the last two months of the Athlete’s period of Ineligibility, or (2) thelast one-quarter of the period of Ineligibility imposed. 56
10.14.3

Violation of the Prohibition of Participation During Ineligibility or Provisional
Suspension

Where an Athlete or other Person who has been declared Ineligible violates the prohibition
against participation during Ineligibility described in Article 10.14.1, the results of suchparticipation shall be Disqualified and a new period of Ineligibility equal in length to the original
period of Ineligibility shall be added to the end of the original period of Ineligibility. The new
period of Ineligibility, including a reprimand and no period of Ineligibility, may be adjusted basedon the Athlete or other Person’s degree of Fault and other circumstances of the case. The
determination of whether an Athlete or other Person has violated the prohibition against
participation, and whether an adjustment is appropriate, shall be made by the Anti-Doping
Organization whose Results Management led to the imposition of the initial period of Ineligibility.
This decision may be appealed under Article 12.

55[Comment to Article 10.14.1: For example, subject to Article 10.14.2 below, Ineligible Athletes cannot participate in a training camp,
exhibition or practice organized by their National Federation or a club which is a member of that National Federation or which isfunded by a governmental agency. Further, an Ineligible Athlete may not compete in a non-Signatory professional league (e.g., theNational Hockey League, the National Basketball Association, etc.), Events organized by a non-Signatory International Eventorganization or a non-Signatory national-level Event organization without triggering the Consequences set forth in Article 10.14.3.
The term “activity” also includes, for example, administrative activities, such as serving as an official, director, officer, employee,
or volunteer of the organization described in this Article. Ineligibility imposed in one sport shall also be recognized by other sports(see Article 14.1, Automatic Binding Effect of Decisions). An Athlete or other Person serving a period of Ineligibility is prohibitedfrom coaching or serving as an Athlete Support Person in any other capacity at any time during the period of Ineligibility, and doing
so could also result in a violation of Article 2.10 by another Athlete. Any performance standard accomplished during a period of
Ineligibility shall not be recognized by IMGA for any purpose.]

56[Comment to Article 10.14.2: In many Team Sports and some individual sports (e.g., ski jumping and gymnastics), Athletes cannot
effectively train on their own so as to be ready to compete at the end of the Athlete’s period of Ineligibility. During the training period
described in this Article, an Ineligible Athlete may not compete or engage in any activity described in Article 10.14.1 other thantraining.]

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An Athlete or other Person who violates the prohibition against participation during a
Provisional Suspension described in Article 10.14.1 shall receive no credit for any period ofProvisional Suspension served and the results of such participation shall be Disqualified.
Where an Athlete Support Person or other Person assists a Person in violating theprohibition against participation during Ineligibility or a Provisional Suspension, IMGA shall
impose sanctions for a violation of Article 2.9 for such assistance.
10.14.4

Withholding of Financial Support during Ineligibility

In addition, for any anti-doping rule violation not involving a reduced sanction as described in
Article 10.5 or 10.6, some or all sport-related financial support or other sport-related benefits
received by such Person will be withheld by IMGA.
10.15

Automatic Publication of Sanction

A mandatory part of each sanction shall include automatic publication, as provided in Article 13.3.
ARTICLE 11
11.1

CONSEQUENCES TO TEAMS
Testing of Team Sports

Where more than one (1) member of a team in a Team Sport has been notified of an anti-doping
rule violation under Article 7 in connection with an Event, IMGA shall conduct appropriate Target
Testing of the team during the Event Period.
11.2

Consequences for Team Sports

If more than two (2) members of a team in a Team Sport are found to have committed an antidoping rule violation during an Event Period, the International Hearing Panel shall impose anappropriate sanction to the team (e.g., loss of points, Disqualification from a Competition or Eventor other sanction), in addition to any Consequences imposed upon the individual Athletes
committing the anti-doping rule violation.
11.3

Consequences for Teams in sports which are not Team Sports

If one or more members of a team in a sport, which is not a Team Sport but where awards are
given to teams, is found to have committed an anti-doping rule violation during the Event, theInternational Hearing Panel shall apply the rules of the relevant International Federation todetermine the Consequences on the team (e.g., loss of points, Disqualification from a
Competition, Event or the Event, or other Consequences), in addition to any Consequences
imposed pursuant to these Anti-Doping Rules on the individual Athlete(s) found to havecommitted the anti-doping rule violation.
Should the relevant International Federation not have such rules or, if in the International Hearing
Panel’s discretion, the rules of the relevant International Federation do not adequately protect the
integrity of the Competition, the International Hearing Panel shall have the authority to determine
the Consequences for the team, including the Disqualification of the team’s results in any
Competition or Event or any other Consequences. The International Hearing Panel may only takesuch action in circumstances when one or more members of a team are found to have committed
an anti-doping rule violation and, in the International Hearing Panel’s discretion, the violation may
have affected the results of the team in the concerned Competition(s) or Event(s).

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ARTICLE 12
12.1

RESULTS MANAGEMENT: APPEALS 57
Decisions Subject to Appeal

Decisions made under the Code or these Anti-Doping Rules may be appealed as set forth below in
Articles 12.2 through 12.6 or as otherwise provided in these Anti-Doping Rules, the Code orInternational Standards. Such decisions shall remain in effect while under appeal unless theappellate body orders otherwise.
12.1.1

Scope of Review Not Limited

The scope of review on appeal includes all issues relevant to the matter and is expressly
not limited to the issues or scope of review before the initial decision maker. Any party to
the appeal may submit evidence, legal arguments and claims that were not raised in thefirst instance hearing so long as they arise from the same cause of action or same generalfacts or circumstances raised or addressed in the first instance hearing. 58
12.1.2CAS Shall Not Defer to the Findings Being Appealed

In making its decision, CAS shall not give deference to the discretion exercised by the bodywhose decision is being appealed. 59
12.1.3

WADA Not Required to Exhaust Internal Remedies

Where WADA has a right to appeal under Article 12 and no other party has appealed a
final decision within the IMGA’s process, WADA may appeal such decision directly to
CAS without having to exhaust other remedies in the IMGA’s process. 60
12.2

Appeals from Decisions Regarding Anti-Doping Rule Violations, Consequences,
Provisional Suspensions, Implementation of Decisions and Authority

A decision that an anti-doping rule violation was committed, a decision imposing Consequences or
not imposing Consequences for an anti-doping rule violation, or a decision that no anti-doping ruleviolation was committed; a decision that an anti-doping rule violation proceeding cannot go forward
for procedural reasons (including, for example, prescription); a decision by WADA not to grant an
exception to the six-months notice requirement for a retired Athlete to return to competition under
Article 5.6.1; a decision by WADA assigning Results Management under Article 7.1 of the Code; adecision by IMGA not to bring forward an Adverse Analytical Finding or an Atypical Finding as an
57[Comment to Article 12: The object of the Code is to have anti-doping matters resolved through fair and transparent internal
processes with a final appeal. Anti-doping decisions by Anti-Doping Organizations are made transparent in Article 13. Specified
Persons and organizations, including WADA, are then given the opportunity to appeal those decisions. Note that the definition ofinterested Persons and organizations with a right to appeal under Article 12 does not include Athletes, or their National Federations,
who might benefit from having another competitor Disqualified.]

58[Comment to Article 12.1.1: The revised language is not intended to make a substantive change to the 2015 Code, but rather forclarification. For example, where an Athlete was charged in the first instance hearing only with Tampering but the same conduct
could also constitute Complicity, an appealing party could pursue both Tampering and Complicity charges against the Athlete in
the appeal.]

59[Comment to Article 12.1.2: CAS proceedings are de novo. Prior proceedings do not limit the evidence or carry weight in the
hearing before CAS.]

60[Comment to Article 12.1.3: Where a decision has been rendered before the final stage of IMGA's process (for example, a firsthearing) and no party elects to appeal that decision to the next level of IMGA's process (e.g., the Managing Board), then WADA
may bypass the remaining steps in IMGA's internal process and appeal directly to CAS.]IMGA 2021 Anti-Doping Rules

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anti-doping rule violation, or a decision not to go forward with an anti-doping rule violation after aninvestigation in accordance with the International Standard for Results Management; a decision to
impose, or lift, a Provisional Suspension as a result of a Provisional Hearing; IMGA’s failure tocomply with Article 7.4; a decision that IMGA lacks authority to rule on an alleged anti-doping ruleviolation or its Consequences; a decision to suspend, or not suspend, Consequences or to reinstate,or not reinstate, Consequences under Article 10.7.1; failure to comply with Articles 7.1.4 and 7.1.5of the Code; failure to comply with Article 10.8.1; a decision under Article 10.14.3; a decision by
IMGA not to implement another Anti-Doping Organization’s decision under Article 14; and a decision
under Article 27.3 of the Code may be appealed exclusively as provided in this Article 12.2.
12.2.1

In cases arising from participation in IMGA’s Event, the decision may be
appealed exclusively to CAS. 61

12.2.2

Persons Entitled to Appeal

The following parties shall have the right to appeal to CAS: (a) the Athlete or other Person
who is the subject of the decision being appealed; (b) IMGA; (c) the relevant International
Federation; (d) the National Anti-Doping Organization of the Person’s country of residenceor countries where the Person is a national or license holder; (e) the International Olympic
Committee or International Paralympic Committee, as applicable, where the decision may
have an effect in relation to the Olympic Games or Paralympic Games, including decisions
affecting eligibility for the Olympic Games or Paralympic Games; and (f) WADA.
12.2.3

Duty to Notify

All parties to any CAS appeal must ensure that WADA and all other parties with a right toappeal have been given timely notice of the appeal.
12.2.4

Appeal from Imposition of Provisional Suspension

Notwithstanding any other provision herein, the only Person who may appeal from theimposition of a Provisional Suspension is the Athlete or other Person upon whom theProvisional Suspension is imposed.
12.2.5

Cross Appeals and other Subsequent Appeals Allowed 62

Cross appeals and other subsequent appeals by any respondent named in cases brought
to CAS under the Code are specifically permitted. Any party with a right to appeal under
this Article 12 must file a cross appeal or subsequent appeal at the latest with the party’s
answer.
12.3

Failure to Render a Timely Decision by IMGA 63

61[Comment to Article 12.2.1: CAS decisions are final and binding except for any review required by law applicable to the annulment
or enforcement of arbitral awards.]

62[Comment to Article 12.2.5: This provision is necessary because since 2011, CAS rules no longer permit an Athlete the right tocross appeal when an Anti-Doping Organization appeals a decision after the Athlete’s time for appeal has expired. This provisionpermits a full hearing for all parties.]

63[Comment to Article 12.3: Given the different circumstances of each anti-doping rule violation investigation and Results
Management process, it is not feasible to establish a fixed time period for IMGA to render a decision before WADA may intervene
by appealing directly to CAS. Before taking such action, however, WADA will consult with IMGA and give IMGA an opportunity to
explain why it has not yet rendered a decision.]

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Where, in a particular case, IMGA fails to render a decision with respect to whether an anti-doping
rule violation was committed within a reasonable deadline set by WADA, WADA may elect to appeal
directly to CAS as if IMGA had rendered a decision finding no anti-doping rule violation. If the CAS
hearing panel determines that an anti-doping rule violation was committed and that WADA acted
reasonably in electing to appeal directly to CAS, then WADA’s costs and attorney fees inprosecuting the appeal shall be reimbursed to WADA by IMGA.
12.4

Appeals Relating to TUEs

TUE decisions may be appealed exclusively as provided in Article 4.4.
12.5

Notification of Appeal Decisions

IMGA shall promptly provide the appeal decision to the Athlete or other Person and to the otherAnti-Doping Organizations that would have been entitled to appeal under Article 12.2.2 as provided
under Article 13.
12.6

Time for Filing Appeals 64

The time to file an appeal to CAS shall be twenty-one (21) days from the date of receipt of thedecision by the appealing party. The above notwithstanding, the following shall apply in connection
with appeals filed by a party entitled to appeal but which was not a party to the proceedings that led
to the decision being appealed:(a)Within fifteen (15) days from the notice of the decision, such party/ies shall have the right torequest a copy of the full case file pertaining to the decision from the Anti-Doping Organizationthat had Results Management authority;(b)

If such a request is made within the fifteen (15) day period, then the party making such request
shall have twenty-one (21) days from receipt of the file to file an appeal to CAS.

The above notwithstanding, the filing deadline for an appeal filed by WADA shall be the later of:(a)Twenty-one (21) days after the last day on which any other party having a right to appeal could
have appealed, or(b)

Twenty-one (21) days after WADA’s receipt of the complete file relating to the decision.

ARTICLE 13
13.1

CONFIDENTIALITY AND REPORTING
Information Concerning Adverse Analytical Findings, Atypical Findings, and other
Asserted Anti-Doping Rule Violations
13.1.1

Notice of Anti-Doping Rule Violations to Athletes and other Persons

Notice to Athletes or other Persons of anti-doping rule violations asserted against themshall occur as provided under Articles 7 and 13.
If at any point during Results Management up until the anti-doping rule violation charge,
IMGA decides not to move forward with a matter, it must notify the Athlete or other Person(provided that the Athlete or other Person had been already informed of the ongoing Results
64[Comment to Article 12.6: Whether governed by CAS rules or these Anti-Doping Rules, a party’s deadline to appeal does not begin
running until receipt of the decision. For that reason, there can be no expiration of a party's right to appeal if the party has notreceived the decision.]

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Management).
Notice shall be delivered or emailed by IMGA to Athletes or other Persons.
13.1.2

Notice of Anti-Doping Rule Violations to National Anti-Doping Organizations,International Federations and WADA

Notice of the assertion of an anti-doping rule violation to the Athlete’s or other Person’s
National Anti-Doping Organization, International Federation and WADA shall occur as
provided under Articles 7 and 13, simultaneously with the notice to the Athlete or other
Person.
If at any point during Results Management up until the anti-doping rule violation charge,
IMGA decides not to move forward with a matter, it must give notice (with reasons) to theAnti-Doping Organizations with a right of appeal under Article 12.2.2.
Notice shall be delivered or emailed.
13.1.3

Content of an Anti-Doping Rule Violation Notice

Notification of an anti-doping rule violation shall include: the Athlete's or other Person’s
name, country, sport and discipline within the sport, the Athlete’s competitive level, whether
the test was In-Competition or Out-of-Competition, the date of Sample collection, theanalytical result reported by the laboratory, and other information as required by theInternational Standard for Results Management.
Notification of anti-doping rule violation other than under Article 2.1 shall also include therule violated and the basis of the asserted violation.
13.1.4

Status Reports

Except with respect to investigations which have not resulted in a notice of an anti-doping
rule violation pursuant to Article 13.1.1, the Athlete’s or other Person’s National Anti-Doping
Organization, International Federation and WADA shall be regularly updated on the status
and findings of any review or proceedings conducted pursuant to Article 7, 8 or 12 and shallbe provided with a prompt written reasoned explanation or decision explaining theresolution of the matter.
13.1.5

Confidentiality

The recipient organizations shall not disclose this information beyond those Persons with aneed to know (which would include the appropriate personnel at the applicable International
Federation, National Olympic Committee, National Federation, and team in a Team Sport)
until IMGA has made Public Disclosure as permitted by Article 13.3.
13.1.6

Protection of Confidential Information by an Employee or Agent of IMGAIMGA shall ensure that information concerning Adverse Analytical Findings, AtypicalFindings, and other asserted anti-doping rule violations remains confidential until suchinformation is Publicly Disclosed in accordance with Article 13.3. IMGA shall ensure that its
employees (whether permanent or otherwise), contractors, agents, consultants, andDelegated Third Parties are subject to a fully enforceable contractual duty of confidentiality
and to fully enforceable procedures for the investigation and disciplining of improper and/or
unauthorized disclosure of such confidential information.
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13.2

13.3

65

Notice of Anti-Doping Rule Violation or Violations of Ineligibility or Provisional
Suspension Decisions and Request for Files
13.2.1Anti-doping rule violation decisions or decisions related to violations of Ineligibility
or Provisional Suspension rendered pursuant to Article 7.6, 8.2, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7,
10.14.3 or 12.5, shall include the full reasons for the decision, including, if
applicable, a justification for why the maximum potential sanction was not
imposed. Where the decision is not in English or French, IMGA shall provide an
English or French summary of the decision and the supporting reasons.

13.2.2An Anti-Doping Organization having a right to appeal a decision received
pursuant to Article 13.2.1 may, within fifteen (15) days of receipt, request a copyof the full case file pertaining to the decision.

Public Disclosure
13.3.1After notice has been provided to the Athlete or other Person in accordance with
the International Standard for Results Management, and to the applicable AntiDoping Organizations in accordance with Article 13.1.2, the identity of any Athlete
or other Person who is notified of a potential anti-doping rule violation, theProhibited Substance or Prohibited Method and the nature of the violation
involved, and whether the Athlete or other Person is subject to a Provisional
Suspension, may be Publicly Disclosed by IMGA.

13.3.2No later than twenty (20) days after it has been determined in an appellate
decision under Article 12.2.1, or such appeal has been waived, or a hearing inaccordance with Article 8 has been waived, or the assertion of an anti-doping
rule violation has not otherwise been timely challenged, or the matter has been
resolved under Article 10.8, or a new period of Ineligibility, or reprimand, hasbeen imposed under Article 10.14.3, IMGA must Publicly Disclose the dispositionof the anti-doping matter, including the sport, the anti-doping rule violated, thename of the Athlete or other Person committing the violation, the Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method involved (if any) and the Consequences
imposed. IMGA must also Publicly Disclose within twenty (20) days the results ofappellate decisions concerning anti-doping rule violations, including theinformation described above. 65

13.3.3After an anti-doping rule violation has been determined to have been committed
in an appellate decision under Article 12.2.1 or such appeal has been waived, orin a hearing in accordance with Article 8 or where such hearing has been waived,or the assertion of an anti-doping rule violation has not otherwise been timely
challenged, or the matter has been resolved under Article 10.8, IMGA may makepublic such determination or decision and may comment publicly on the matter.

13.3.4In any case where it is determined, after a hearing or appeal, that the Athlete orother Person did not commit an anti-doping rule violation, the fact that thedecision has been appealed may be Publicly Disclosed. However, the decisionitself and the underlying facts may not be Publicly Disclosed except with theconsent of the Athlete or other Person who is the subject of the decision. IMGA
shall use reasonable efforts to obtain such consent, and if consent is obtained,[Comment to Article 13.3.2: Where Public Disclosure as required by Article 13.3.2 would result in a breach of other applicablelaws, IMGA’s failure to make the Public Disclosure will not result in a determination of non-compliance with Code as set forth in
Article 4.2 of the International Standard for the Protection of Privacy and Personal Information.]

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IMGA shall Publicly Disclose the decision in its entirety or in such redacted form
as the Athlete or other Person may approve.

13.4

13.3.5

Publication shall be accomplished at a minimum by placing the required
information on IMGA’s website and leaving the information up for the longer ofone (1) month or the duration of any period of Ineligibility.

13.3.6

Except as provided in Articles 13.3.1 and 13.3.3, no Anti-Doping Organization,
National Federation, or WADA-accredited laboratory, or any official of any suchbody, shall publicly comment on the specific facts of any pending case (asopposed to general description of process and science) except in response to
public comments attributed to, or based on information provided by the Athlete,
other Person or their entourage or other representatives.

13.3.7The mandatory Public Disclosure required in Article 13.3.2 shall not be required
where the Athlete or other Person who has been found to have committed ananti-doping rule violation is a Minor, a Protected Person or a Recreational Athlete.
Any optional Public Disclosure in a case involving a Minor, Protected Person or
Recreational Athlete shall be proportionate to the facts and circumstances of thecase.

Statistical Reporting

IMGA shall, after each Event under its jurisdiction, publish publicly a general statistical report of its
Doping Control activities, with a copy provided to WADA. IMGA may also publish reports showing
the name of each Athlete tested and the date of each Testing.
13.5

Doping Control Information Database and Monitoring of ComplianceTo enable WADA to perform its compliance monitoring role and to ensure the effective use ofresources and sharing of applicable Doping Control information among Anti-Doping Organizations,
IMGA shall report to WADA through ADAMS Doping Control-related information, including, inparticular:(a)Athlete Biological Passport data for International-Level Athletes and National-Level
Athletes,(b)
Whereabouts information for Athletes including those in Registered Testing Pools,(c)
TUE decisions, and(d)Results Management decisions,as required under the applicable International Standard(s).
13.5.1

To facilitate coordinated test distribution planning, avoid unnecessary duplicationin Testing by various Anti-Doping Organizations, and to ensure that Athlete
Biological Passport profiles are updated, IMGA shall report all In-Competition andOut-of-Competition tests to WADA by entering the Doping Control forms into
ADAMS in accordance with the requirements and timelines contained in theInternational Standard for Testing and Investigations.

13.5.2

To facilitate WADA’s oversight and appeal rights for TUEs, IMGA shall report all
TUE applications, decisions and supporting documentation using ADAMS in
accordance with the requirements and timelines contained in the International
Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions.

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13.6

13.5.3

To facilitate WADA’s oversight and appeal rights for Results Management, IMGA
shall report the following information into ADAMS in accordance with therequirements and timelines outlined in the International Standard for Results
Management: (a) notifications of anti-doping rule violations and related decisions
for Adverse Analytical Findings; (b) notifications and related decisions for otheranti-doping rule violations that are not Adverse Analytical Findings; (c)whereabouts failures; and (d) any decision imposing, lifting or reinstating a
Provisional Suspension.

13.5.4The information described in this Article will be made accessible, whereappropriate and in accordance with the applicable rules, to the Athlete, theAthlete’s National Anti-Doping Organization and International Federation, andany other Anti-Doping Organizations with Testing authority over the Athlete.

Data Privacy
13.6.1IMGA may collect, store, process or disclose personal information relating toAthletes and other Persons where necessary and appropriate to conduct its AntiDoping Activities under the Code, the International Standards (including
specifically the International Standard for the Protection of Privacy and Personal
Information), these Anti-Doping Rules, and in compliance with applicable law.

13.6.2

Without limiting the foregoing, IMGA shall:(a) Only process personal information in accordance with a valid legal ground;(b) Notify any Participant or Person subject to these Anti-Doping Rules, in amanner and form that complies with applicable laws and the International
Standard for the Protection of Privacy and Personal Information, that theirpersonal information may be processed by IMGA, its Delegated Third Parties
and other Persons for the purpose of the implementation of these AntiDoping Rules;(c) Ensure that any third-party agents (including any Delegated Third Party) withwhom IMGA shares the personal information of any Participant or Person is
subject to appropriate technical and contractual controls to protect theconfidentiality and privacy of such information.

13.6.3

13.7

By participating in IMGA Events, Athletes and other Persons agree to be boundby these Anti-Doping Rules and to comply with them, and, as part of theaccreditation process or otherwise, such Athletes or other Persons haveacknowledged that it is necessary to process personal information and that such
personal Information may be processed by IMGA, its Delegated Third Parties,
LOCs, WADA or any other Anti-Doping Organization in the manner and for the
purposes set forth in Article 13.6.1 above. Without limiting the foregoing,
processing of personal information related to anti-doping research purposes
shall be made in accordance with Article 6.3.

Means of Notice
Any notice given under these Anti-Doping Rules shall, in the absence of earlier or actual
proof of receipt, be deemed to have been duly given as follows:(a)
if delivered personally, on delivery;(b)
if sent by post, seven days after the date of posting;(c)if sent by email, at the time at which it was sent.

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ARTICLE 14
14.1

IMPLEMENTATION OF DECISIONS
Automatic Binding Effect of Decisions by Signatory Anti-Doping Organizations
14.1.1

A decision of an anti-doping rule violation made by a Signatory Anti-Doping
Organization, an appellate body (Article 13.2.2 of the Code) or CAS shall, after
the parties to the proceeding are notified, automatically be binding beyond theparties to the proceeding upon IMGA, as well as every Signatory in every sportwith the effects described below:
14.1.1.1 A decision by any of the above-described bodies imposing a
Provisional Suspension (after a Provisional Hearing has occurred or
the Athlete or other Person has either accepted the Provisional
Suspension or has waived the right to a Provisional Hearing, expedited
hearing or expedited appeal offered in accordance with Article 7.4.3)
automatically prohibits the Athlete or other Person from participation(as described in Article 10.14.1) in all sports within the authority of any
Signatory during the Provisional Suspension.
14.1.1.2 A decision by any of the above-described bodies imposing a period of
Ineligibility (after a hearing has occurred or been waived) automaticallyprohibits the Athlete or other Person from participation (as describedin Article 10.14.1) in all sports within the authority of any Signatory forthe period of Ineligibility.
14.1.1.3 A decision by any of the above-described bodies accepting an antidoping rule violation automatically binds all Signatories.
14.1.1.4 A decision by any of the above-described bodies to Disqualify results
under Article 10.10 for a specified period automatically Disqualifies all
results obtained within the authority of any Signatory during thespecified period.

66

14.1.2IMGA shall recognize and implement a decision and its effects as required by
Article 14.1.1, without any further action required, on the earlier of the date IMGA
receives actual notice of the decision or the date the decision is placed into
ADAMS.

14.1.3

A decision by an Anti-Doping Organization, an appellate body or CAS tosuspend, or lift, Consequences shall be binding upon IMGA, as well as each
Signatory, without any further action required, on the earlier of the date IMGA
receives actual notice of the decision or the date the decision is placed into
ADAMS.

14.1.4

Notwithstanding any provision in Article 14.1.1, however, a decision of an antidoping rule violation by a Major Event Organization made in an expedited
process during an Event shall not be binding on IMGA or other Signatories unlessthe rules of the Major Event Organization provide the Athlete or other Person with
an opportunity to an appeal under non-expedited procedures. 66[Comment to Article 14.1.4: By way of example, where the rules of the Major Event Organization give the Athlete or other Person
the option of choosing an expedited CAS appeal or a CAS appeal under normal CAS procedure, the final decision or adjudicationby the Major Event Organization is binding on other Signatories regardless of whether the Athlete or other Person chooses the
expedited appeal option.]

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14.2

Implementation of Other Decisions by Anti-Doping Organizations

IMGA may decide to implement other anti-doping decisions rendered by Anti-Doping Organizations
not described in Article 14.1.1 above, such as a Provisional Suspension prior to a Provisional
Hearing or acceptance by the Athlete or other Person. 67
14.3

Implementation of Decisions by Body that is not a Signatory

An anti-doping decision by a body that is not a Signatory to the Code shall be implemented by
IMGA, if IMGA finds that the decision purports to be within the authority of that body and the antidoping rules of that body are otherwise consistent with the Code. 68
ARTICLE 15

STATUTE OF LIMITATIONSNo anti-doping rule violation proceeding may be commenced against an Athlete or other Person unless heor she has been notified of the anti-doping rule violation as provided in Article 7, or notification has beenreasonably attempted, within ten (10) years from the date the violation is asserted to have occurred.
ARTICLE 16

EDUCATIONIMGA shall plan, implement, evaluate and promote Education in line with the requirements of Article 18.2of the Code and the International Standard for Education.
ARTICLE 17

ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF IMGA

17.1

In addition to the roles and responsibilities described in Article 20.6 of the Code for Major
Event Organizations, IMGA shall report to WADA on IMGA’s compliance with the Codeand International Standards in accordance with Article 24.1.2 of the Code.

17.2

Subject to applicable law, and in accordance with Article 20.6.5 of the Code, all IMGA board
members, directors, officers, and those employees (and those of appointed Delegated Third
Parties) who are involved in any aspect of Doping Control, must sign a form provided by
the IMGA, agreeing to be bound by these Anti-Doping Rules as Persons in conformity with
the Code for direct and intentional misconduct.

67[Comment to Articles 14.1 and 14.2: Anti-Doping Organization decisions under Article 14.1 are implemented automatically by other
Signatories without the requirement of any decision or further action on the Signatories’ part. For example, when a National AntiDoping Organization decides to Provisionally Suspend an Athlete, that decision is given automatic effect at the International
Federation level. To be clear, the “decision” is the one made by the National Anti-Doping Organization, there is not a separate
decision to be made by the International Federation. Thus, any claim by the Athlete that the Provisional Suspension was improperly
imposed can only be asserted against the National Anti-Doping Organization. Implementation of Anti-Doping Organizations’decisions under Article 14.2 is subject to each Signatory’s discretion. A Signatory’s implementation of a decision under Article 14.1
or Article 14.2 is not appealable separately from any appeal of the underlying decision. The extent of recognition of TUE decisionsof other Anti-Doping Organizations shall be determined by Article 4.4 and the International Standard for Therapeutic Use
Exemptions.]

68[Comment to Article 14.3: Where the decision of a body that has not accepted the Code is in some respects Code compliant andin other respects not Code compliant, Signatories should attempt to apply the decision in harmony with the principles of the Code.
For example, if in a process consistent with the Code a non-Signatory has found an Athlete to have committed an anti-doping ruleviolation on account of the presence of a Prohibited Substance in the Athlete’s body but the period of Ineligibility applied is shorter
than the period provided for in the Code, then all Signatories should recognize the finding of an anti-doping rule violation and theAthlete’s National Anti-Doping Organization should conduct a hearing consistent with Article 8 to determine whether the longer
period of Ineligibility provided in the Code should be imposed. A Signatory’s implementation of a decision or its decision not to
implement a decision under Article 14.3, is appealable under Article 12.]IMGA 2021 Anti-Doping Rules

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17.3

Subject to applicable law, and in accordance with Article 20.6.6 of the Code, any IMGA
employee who is involved in Doping Control (other than authorized anti-doping Education
or rehabilitation programs) must sign a statement provided by IMGA confirming that they
are not Provisionally Suspended or serving a period of Ineligibility and have not been
directly or intentionally engaged in conduct within the previous six (6) years which would
have constituted a violation of anti-doping rules if Code-compliant rules had been applicableto them.

ARTICLE 18

ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETES

18.1

To be knowledgeable of and comply with these Anti-Doping Rules.

18.2

To be available for Sample collection at all times. 69

18.3

To take responsibility, in the context of anti-doping, for what they ingest and Use.

18.4

To inform medical personnel of their obligation not to Use Prohibited Substances andProhibited Methods and to take responsibility to make sure that any medical treatment
received does not violate these Anti-Doping Rules.

18.5

To disclose to IMGA any decision by a non-Signatory finding that the Athlete committed ananti-doping rule violation within the previous ten (10) years.

18.6

To cooperate with Anti-Doping Organizations investigating anti-doping rule violations.
Failure by any Athlete to cooperate in full with Anti-Doping Organizations investigating antidoping rule violations may result in a charge of misconduct under IMGA's disciplinary rules.

18.7

To disclose the identity of their Athlete Support Personnel upon request by IMGA, or any
other Anti-Doping Organization with authority over the Athlete.

18.8

Offensive conduct towards a Doping Control official or other Person involved in Doping
Control by an Athlete, which does not otherwise constitute Tampering, may result in acharge of misconduct under IMGA's disciplinary rules.

ARTICLE 1969

ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETE SUPPORTPERSONNEL

19.1

To be knowledgeable of and comply with these Anti-Doping Rules.

19.2

To cooperate with the Athlete Testing program.

19.3

To use their influence on Athlete values and behavior to foster anti-doping attitudes.

19.4

To disclose to IMGA any decision by a non-Signatory finding that they committed an antidoping rule violation within the previous ten (10) years.

19.5

To cooperate with Anti-Doping Organizations investigating anti-doping rule violations.

[Comment to Article 18.2: With due regard to an Athlete’s human rights and privacy, legitimate anti-doping considerations
sometimes require Sample collection late at night or early in the morning. For example, it is known that some Athletes Use low
doses of EPO during these hours so that it will be undetectable in the morning.]

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Failure by any Athlete Support Personnel to cooperate in full with Anti-Doping
Organizations investigating anti-doping rule violations may result in a charge of misconduct
under IMGA's disciplinary rules.
19.6

Athlete Support Personnel shall not Use or Possess any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited
Method without valid justification.
Any such Use or Possession may result in a charge of misconduct under IMGA's
disciplinary rules.

19.7

Offensive conduct towards a Doping Control official or other Person involved in Doping
Control by Athlete Support Personnel, which does not otherwise constitute Tampering, may
result in a charge of misconduct under IMGA's disciplinary rules.

ARTICLE 20

ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF OTHER PERSONS SUBJECT TO
THESE ANTI-DOPING RULES

20.1

To be knowledgeable of and comply with these Anti-Doping Rules.

20.2

To disclose to IMGA any decision by a non-Signatory finding that they committed an antidoping rule violation within the previous ten (10) years.

20.3

To cooperate with Anti-Doping Organizations investigating anti-doping rule violations.
Failure by any other Person subject to these Anti-Doping Rules to cooperate in full with
Anti-Doping Organizations investigating anti-doping rule violations may result in a chargeof misconduct under IMGA's disciplinary rules.

20.4

Not to Use or Possess any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method without valid
justification.

20.5

Offensive conduct towards a Doping Control official or other Person involved in Doping
Control by a Person, which does not otherwise constitute Tampering, may result in a chargeof misconduct under IMGA's disciplinary rules/code of conduct.

ARTICLE 21

INTERPRETATION OF THE CODE

21.1

The official text of the Code shall be maintained by WADA and shall be published in English
and French. In the event of any conflict between the English and French versions, theEnglish version shall prevail.

21.2

The comments annotating various provisions of the Code shall be used to interpret the
Code.

21.3

The Code shall be interpreted as an independent and autonomous text and not by reference
to the existing law or statutes of the Signatories or governments.

21.4

The headings used for the various Parts and Articles of the Code are for convenience onlyand shall not be deemed part of the substance of the Code or to affect in any way thelanguage of the provisions to which they refer.

21.5

Where the term “days” is used in the Code or an International Standard, it shall mean
calendar days unless otherwise specified.

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21.6

The Code shall not apply retroactively to matters pending before the date the Code is
accepted by a Signatory and implemented in its rules. However, pre-Code anti-doping ruleviolations would continue to count as "First violations" or "Second violations" for purposesof determining sanctions under Article 10 for subsequent post-Code violations.

21.7

The Purpose, Scope and Organization of the World Anti-Doping Program and the Codeand Appendix 1, Definitions, shall be considered integral parts of the Code.

ARTICLE 22

FINAL PROVISIONS

22.1

Where the term “days” is used in these Anti-Doping Rules, it shall mean calendar days
unless otherwise specified.

22.2

These Anti-Doping Rules shall be interpreted as an independent and autonomous text andnot by reference to existing law or statutes.

22.3

These Anti-Doping Rules have been adopted pursuant to the applicable provisions of theCode and the International Standards and shall be interpreted in a manner that is consistent
with applicable provisions of the Code and the International Standards. The Code and theInternational Standards shall be considered integral parts of these Anti-Doping Rules andshall prevail in case of conflict.

22.4

The Introduction and Appendix 1 shall be considered integral parts of these Anti-Doping
Rules.

22.5

The comments annotating various provisions of these Anti-Doping Rules shall be used tointerpret these Anti-Doping Rules.

22.5

These Anti-Doping Rules may be amended from time to time by the IMGA Board.

22.6

These Anti-Doping Rules shall enter into force on 18th June 2021.

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APPENDIX 1

DEFINITIONS 70

ADAMS: The Anti-Doping Administration and Management System is a Web-based database management
tool for data entry, storage, sharing, and reporting designed to assist stakeholders and WADA in their antidoping operations in conjunction with data protection legislation.
Administration: Providing, supplying, supervising, facilitating, or otherwise participating in the Use or
Attempted Use by another Person of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method. However, this definition
shall not include the actions of bona fide medical personnel involving a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited
Method Used for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or other acceptable justification and shall notinclude actions involving Prohibited Substances which are not prohibited in Out-of-Competition Testing
unless the circumstances as a whole demonstrate that such Prohibited Substances are not intended for
genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or are intended to enhance sport performance.
Adverse Analytical Finding: A report from a WADA-accredited laboratory or other WADA-approved
laboratory that, consistent with the International Standard for Laboratories, establishes in a Sample thepresence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers or evidence of the Use of a Prohibited
Method.
Adverse Passport Finding: A report identified as an Adverse Passport Finding as described in the applicable
International Standards.
Aggravating Circumstances: Circumstances involving, or actions by, an Athlete or other Person which may
justify the imposition of a period of Ineligibility greater than the standard sanction. Such circumstances andactions shall include, but are not limited to: the Athlete or other Person Used or Possessed multiple
Prohibited Substances or Prohibited Methods, Used or Possessed a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited
Method on multiple occasions or committed multiple other anti-doping rule violations; a normal individual
would be likely to enjoy the performance-enhancing effects of the anti-doping rule violation(s) beyond theotherwise applicable period of Ineligibility; the Athlete or Person engaged in deceptive or obstructive conduct
to avoid the detection or adjudication of an anti-doping rule violation; or the Athlete or other Person engaged
in Tampering during Results Management. For the avoidance of doubt, the examples of circumstances andconduct described herein are not exclusive and other similar circumstances or conduct may also justify theimposition of a longer period of Ineligibility.
Anti-Doping Activities: Anti-doping Education and information, test distribution planning, maintenance of a
Registered Testing Pool, managing Athlete Biological Passports, conducting Testing, organizing analysis
of Samples, gathering of intelligence and conduct of investigations, processing of TUE applications, Results
Management, monitoring and enforcing compliance with any Consequences imposed, and all otheractivities related to anti-doping to be carried out by or on behalf of an Anti-Doping Organization, as set out
in the Code and/or the International Standards.
Anti-Doping Organization: WADA or a Signatory that is responsible for adopting rules for initiating,
implementing or enforcing any part of the Doping Control process. This includes, for example, theInternational Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, other Major Event Organizations
that conduct Testing at their Events, International Federations, and National Anti-Doping Organizations.
Athlete: Any Person who competes in sport at the international level (as defined by each International
Federation), or the national level (as defined by each National Anti-Doping Organization). An Anti-Doping
Organization has discretion to apply anti-doping rules to an Athlete who is neither an International-Level
Athlete nor a National-Level Athlete, and thus to bring them within the definition of “Athlete.” In relation to
Athletes who are neither International-Level nor National-Level Athletes, an Anti-Doping Organization may
elect to: conduct limited Testing or no Testing at all; analyze Samples for less than the full menu of Prohibited
Substances; require limited or no whereabouts information; or not require advance TUEs. However, if an
70[Comment: Defined terms shall include their plural and possessive forms, as well as those terms used as other parts of speech.]

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Article 2.1, 2.3 or 2.5 anti-doping rule violation is committed by any Athlete over whom an Anti-Doping
Organization has elected to exercise its authority to test and who competes below the international or
national level, then the Consequences set forth in the Code must be applied. For purposes of Article 2.8
and Article 2.9 and for purposes of anti-doping information and Education, any Person who participates in
sport under the authority of any Signatory, government, or other sports organization accepting the Code isan Athlete. 71
Athlete Biological Passport: The program and methods of gathering and collating data as described in theInternational Standard for Testing and Investigations and International Standard for Laboratories.
Athlete Support Personnel: Any coach, trainer, manager, agent, team staff, official, medical, paramedical
personnel, parent or any other Person working with, treating or assisting an Athlete participating in or
preparing for sports competition.
Attempt: Purposely engaging in conduct that constitutes a substantial step in a course of conduct planned
to culminate in the commission of an anti-doping rule violation. Provided, however, there shall be no antidoping rule violation based solely on an Attempt to commit a violation if the Person renounces the Attemptprior to it being discovered by a third party not involved in the Attempt.
Atypical Finding: A report from a WADA-accredited laboratory or other WADA-approved laboratory which
requires further investigation as provided by the International Standard for Laboratories or related TechnicalDocuments prior to the determination of an Adverse Analytical Finding.
Atypical Passport Finding: A report described as an Atypical Passport Finding as described in the applicable
International Standards.
CAS: The Court of Arbitration for Sport.
Code: The World Anti-Doping Code.
Competition: A single race, match, game or singular sport contest. For example, a basketball game or the
finals of the World Masters Games 100-meter race in athletics. For stage races and other sport contests
where prizes are awarded on a daily or other interim basis the distinction between a Competition and an
Event will be as provided in the rules of the applicable International Federation.
Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations (“Consequences”): An Athlete's or other Person's violation ofan anti-doping rule may result in one or more of the following: (a) Disqualification means the Athlete’s results
in a particular Competition or Event are invalidated, with all resulting Consequences including forfeiture ofany medals, points and prizes; (b) Ineligibility means the Athlete or other Person is barred on account of ananti-doping rule violation for a specified period of time from participating in any Competition or other activity
or funding as provided in Article 10.14; (c) Provisional Suspension means the Athlete or other Person isbarred temporarily from participating in any Competition or activity prior to the final decision at a hearing
conducted under Article 8; (d) Financial Consequences means a financial sanction imposed for an antidoping rule violation or to recover costs associated with an anti-doping rule violation; and (e) Public
Disclosure means the dissemination or distribution of information to the general public or Persons beyond
those Persons entitled to earlier notification in accordance with Article 13. Teams in Team Sports may also
be subject to Consequences as provided in Article 11.

71[Comment to Athlete: Individuals who participate in sport may fall in one of five (5) categories: 1) International-Level Athlete, 2)
National-Level Athlete, 3) individuals who are not International- or National-Level Athletes but over whom the International
Federation or National Anti-Doping Organization has chosen to exercise authority, 4) Recreational Athlete, and 5) individuals overwhom no International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organization has, or has chosen to, exercise authority. All Internationaland National-Level Athletes are subject to the anti-doping rules of the Code, with the precise definitions of international and national
level sport to be set forth in the anti-doping rules of the International Federations and National Anti-Doping Organizations.]

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Contaminated Product: A product that contains a Prohibited Substance that is not disclosed on the productlabel or in information available in a reasonable Internet search.
Decision Limit: The value of the result for a threshold substance in a Sample, above which an Adverse
Analytical Finding shall be reported, as defined in the International Standard for Laboratories.
Delegated Third Party: Any Person to which IMGA delegates any aspect of Doping Control or anti-doping
Education programs including, but not limited to, third parties (e.g., as the LOC or the International Testing
Agency) or other Anti-Doping Organizations that conduct Sample collection or other Doping Control services
or anti-doping Educational programs for IMGA, or individuals serving as independent contractors who
perform Doping Control services for IMGA (e.g., non-employee Doping Control officers or chaperones). Thisdefinition does not include CAS.
Disqualification: See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations above.
Doping Control: All steps and processes from test distribution planning through to ultimate disposition of
any appeal and the enforcement of Consequences, including all steps and processes in between, including,but not limited to Testing, investigations, whereabouts, TUEs, Sample collection and handling, laboratory
analysis, Results Management, and investigations or proceedings relating to violations of Article 10.14(Status During Ineligibility or Provisional Suspension).
Education: The process of learning to instill values and develop behaviors that foster and protect the spiritof sport, and to prevent intentional and unintentional doping.
Event: A series of individual Competitions conducted together under one ruling body (e.g., the Olympic
Games, World Championships of an International Federation, or Pan American Games). For the purposesof these Anti-Doping Rules, IMGA Events shall include without limitation the World Masters Games and anyother World or Regional Masters event organized by IMGA. The list of Events organized by IMGA is
published on IMGA’s website.
Event Period: The period commencing on the date of the opening of the Athletes village of the Event, up
until and including the day of the closing ceremony of the Event.
Event Venues: Those venues so designated by IMGA. For IMGA the Event Venues include without imitation
to the official training venues, Competition venues and accommodation venues for the Event, as well as any
venues for which it is necessary to have an accreditation, ticket or permission from the IMGA.
Fault: Fault is any breach of duty or any lack of care appropriate to a particular situation. Factors to be taken
into consideration in assessing an Athlete’s or other Person’s degree of Fault include, for example, theAthlete’s or other Person’s experience, whether the Athlete or other Person is a Protected Person, special
considerations such as impairment, the degree of risk that should have been perceived by the Athlete andthe level of care and investigation exercised by the Athlete in relation to what should have been theperceived level of risk. In assessing the Athlete’s or other Person’s degree of Fault, the circumstancesconsidered must be specific and relevant to explain the Athlete’s or other Person’s departure from theexpected standard of behavior. Thus, for example, the fact that an Athlete would lose the opportunity toearn large sums of money during a period of Ineligibility, or the fact that the Athlete only has a short timeleft in a career, or the timing of the sporting calendar, would not be relevant factors to be considered in
reducing the period of Ineligibility under Article 10.6.1 or 10.6.2. 72
Financial Consequences: See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations above.
72[Comment to Fault: The criterion for assessing an Athlete’s degree of Fault is the same under all Articles where Fault is to beconsidered. However, under Article 10.6.2, no reduction of sanction is appropriate unless, when the degree of Fault is assessed,
the conclusion is that No Significant Fault or Negligence on the part of the Athlete or other Person was involved.]

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In-Competition: The period commencing at 11:59 p.m. on the day before a Competition in which the Athlete
is scheduled to participate through the end of such Competition and the Sample collection process related
to such Competition. Provided, however, WADA may approve, for a particular sport, an alternative definition
if an International Federation provides a compelling justification that a different definition is necessary for its
sport; upon such approval by WADA, the alternative definition shall be followed by IMGA for that particularsport. 73
Independent Observer Program: A team of observers and/or auditors, under the supervision of WADA, who
observe and provide guidance on the Doping Control process prior to or during certain Events and reporton their observations as part of WADA’s compliance monitoring program.
Individual Sport: Any sport that is not a Team Sport.
Ineligibility: See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations above.
Institutional Independence: Hearing panels on appeal shall be fully independent institutionally from the AntiDoping Organization responsible for Results Management. They must therefore not in any way be
administered by, connected or subject to the Anti-Doping Organization responsible for Results Management.
International Event: An Event or Competition where the International Olympic Committee, the International
Paralympic Committee, an International Federation, a Major Event Organization, or another international
sport organization is the ruling body for the Event or appoints the technical officials for the Event.
International-Level Athlete: Athletes who compete in sport at the international level, as defined by each
International Federation, consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations. 74
International Standard: A standard adopted by WADA in support of the Code. Compliance with an
International Standard (as opposed to another alternative standard, practice or procedure) shall be sufficient
to conclude that the procedures addressed by the International Standard were performed properly.
International Standards shall include any Technical Documents issued pursuant to the International
Standard.
Local Organizing Committee “LOC”: The organization, body or entity that is responsible for organizing andstaging the Event, in accordance with the Host Agreement and IMGA regulations, guidelines or documents.
Major Event Organizations: The continental associations of National Olympic Committees and otherinternational multi-sport organizations that function as the ruling body for any continental, regional or other
International Event. For the purpose of these Anti-Doping Rules, the Major Event Organization is IMGA.
Marker: A compound, group of compounds or biological variable(s) that indicates the Use of a Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method.
Metabolite: Any substance produced by a biotransformation process.
73[Comment to In-Competition: Having a universally accepted definition for In-Competition provides greater harmonization among
Athletes across all sports, eliminates or reduces confusion among Athletes about the relevant timeframe for In-Competition Testing,avoids inadvertent Adverse Analytical Findings in between Competitions during an Event and assists in preventing any potential
performance enhancement benefits from Substances prohibited Out-of-Competition being carried over to the Competition period.]

74[Comment to International-Level Athlete: Consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations, the International
Federation is free to determine the criteria it will use to classify Athletes as International-Level Athletes, e.g., by ranking, byparticipation in particular International Events, by type of license, etc. However, it must publish those criteria in clear and concise
form, so that Athletes are able to ascertain quickly and easily when they will become classified as International-Level Athletes. For
example, if the criteria include participation in certain International Events, then the International Federation must publish a list of
those International Events.]

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Minimum Reporting Level: The estimated concentration of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolite(s) orMarker(s) in a Sample below which WADA-accredited laboratories should not report that Sample as anAdverse Analytical Finding.
Minor: A natural Person who has not reached the age of eighteen (18) years.
National Anti-Doping Organization: The entity(ies) designated by each country as possessing the primaryauthority and responsibility to adopt and implement anti-doping rules, direct the collection of Samples,manage test results and conduct Results Management at the national level. If this designation has not been
made by the competent public authority(ies), the entity shall be the country’s National Olympic Committee
or its designee.
National Event: A sport Event or Competition involving International- or National-Level Athletes that is not
an International Event.
National Federation: A national or regional entity which is a member of or is recognized by an International
Federation as the entity governing the International Federation's sport in that nation or region.
National-Level Athlete: Athletes who compete in sport at the national level, as defined by each National
Anti-Doping Organization, consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
National Olympic Committee or NOC: The organization recognized by the International Olympic Committee.
The term National Olympic Committee shall also include the National Sport Confederation in those countries
where the National Sport Confederation assumes typical National Olympic Committee responsibilities in theanti-doping area.
No Fault or Negligence: The Athlete or other Person’s establishing that he or she did not know or suspect,and could not reasonably have known or suspected even with the exercise of utmost caution, that he or she
had Used or been administered the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or otherwise violated ananti-doping rule. Except in the case of a Protected Person or Recreational Athlete, for any violation of Article
2.1, the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered the Athlete’s system.
No Significant Fault or Negligence: The Athlete or other Person's establishing that any Fault or Negligence,
when viewed in the totality of the circumstances and taking into account the criteria for No Fault or
Negligence, was not significant in relationship to the anti-doping rule violation. Except in the case of aProtected Person or Recreational Athlete, for any violation of Article 2.1, the Athlete must also establish
how the Prohibited Substance entered the Athlete’s system.
Operational Independence: This means that (1) board members, staff members, commission members,
consultants and officials of the Anti-Doping Organization with responsibility for Results Management or its
affiliates (e.g., member federation or confederation), as well as any Person involved in the investigation andpre-adjudication of the matter cannot be appointed as members and/or clerks (to the extent that such clerk
is involved in the deliberation process and/or drafting of any decision) of hearing panels of that Anti-Doping
Organization with responsibility for Results Management and (2) hearing panels shall be in a position to
conduct the hearing and decision-making process without interference from the Anti-Doping Organizationor any third party. The objective is to ensure that members of the hearing panel or individuals otherwise
involved in the decision of the hearing panel, are not involved in the investigation of, or decisions to proceed
with, the case.
Out-of-Competition: Any period which is not In-Competition.
Participant: Any Athlete or Athlete Support Person.
Person: A natural Person or an organization or other entity.
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Possession: The actual, physical Possession, or the constructive Possession (which shall be found only if
the Person has exclusive control or intends to exercise control over the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited
Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method exists); provided, however,that if the Person does not have exclusive control over the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or
the premises in which a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method exists, constructive Possession shall
only be found if the Person knew about the presence of the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method andintended to exercise control over it. Provided, however, there shall be no anti-doping rule violation based
solely on Possession if, prior to receiving notification of any kind that the Person has committed an antidoping rule violation, the Person has taken concrete action demonstrating that the Person never intended
to have Possession and has renounced Possession by explicitly declaring it to an Anti-Doping Organization.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this definition, the purchase (including by any electronic or othermeans) of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method constitutes Possession by the Person who makes
the purchase. 75
Prohibited List: The list identifying the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods.
Prohibited Method: Any method so described on the Prohibited List.
Prohibited Substance: Any substance, or class of substances, so described on the Prohibited List.
Protected Person: An Athlete or other natural Person who at the time of the anti-doping rule violation: (i)has not reached the age of sixteen (16) years; (ii) has not reached the age of eighteen (18) years and is notincluded in any Registered Testing Pool and has never competed in any International Event in an open
category; or (iii) for reasons other than age has been determined to lack legal capacity under applicablenational legislation. 76
Provisional Hearing: For purposes of Article 7.4.3, an expedited abbreviated hearing occurring prior to ahearing under Article 8 that provides the Athlete with notice and an opportunity to be heard in either written
or oral form. 77
Provisional Suspension: See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations above.
Publicly Disclose: See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations above.
Recreational Athlete: A natural Person who is so defined by the relevant National Anti-Doping Organization;
provided, however, the term shall not include any Person who, within the five (5) years prior to committing
any anti-doping rule violation, has been an International-Level Athlete (as defined by each International
75[Comment to Possession: Under this definition, anabolic steroids found in an Athlete's car would constitute a violation unless the
Athlete establishes that someone else used the car; in that event, the Anti-Doping Organization must establish that, even though
the Athlete did not have exclusive control over the car, the Athlete knew about the anabolic steroids and intended to have control
over them. Similarly, in the example of anabolic steroids found in a home medicine cabinet under the joint control of an Athlete andspouse, the Anti-Doping Organization must establish that the Athlete knew the anabolic steroids were in the cabinet and that the
Athlete intended to exercise control over them. The act of purchasing a Prohibited Substance alone constitutes Possession, even
where, for example, the product does not arrive, is received by someone else, or is sent to a third party address.]

76[Comment to Protected Person: The Code treats Protected Persons differently than other Athletes or Persons in certain
circumstances based on the understanding that, below a certain age or intellectual capacity, an Athlete or other Person may notpossess the mental capacity to understand and appreciate the prohibitions against conduct contained in the Code. This would
include, for example, a Paralympic Athlete with a documented lack of legal capacity due to an intellectual impairment. The term
“open category” is meant to exclude competition that is limited to junior or age group categories.]

77[Comment to Provisional Hearing: A Provisional Hearing is only a preliminary proceeding which may not involve a full review of thefacts of the case. Following a Provisional Hearing, the Athlete remains entitled to a subsequent full hearing on the merits of thecase. By contrast, an “expedited hearing”, as that term is used in Article 7.4, is a full hearing on the merits conducted on an
expedited time schedule.]

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Federation consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations) or National-Level
Athlete (as defined by each National Anti-Doping Organization consistent with the International Standard
for Testing and Investigations), has represented any country in an International Event in an open category
or has been included within any Registered Testing Pool or other whereabouts information pool maintainedby any International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organization. 78
Regional Anti-Doping Organization: A regional entity designated by member countries to coordinate andmanage delegated areas of their national anti-doping programs, which may include the adoption andimplementation of anti-doping rules, the planning and collection of Samples, the management of results, thereview of TUEs, the conduct of hearings, and the conduct of Educational programs at a regional level.
Registered Testing Pool: The pool of highest-priority Athletes established separately at the international
level by International Federations and at the national level by National Anti-Doping Organizations, who aresubject to focused In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing as part of that International Federation'sor National Anti-Doping Organization's test distribution plan and therefore are required to provide
whereabouts information as provided in Article 5.5 of the Code and the International Standard for Testing
and Investigations.
Results Management: The process encompassing the timeframe between notification as per Article 5 of theInternational Standard for Results Management, or in certain cases (e.g., Atypical Finding, Athlete Biological
Passport, whereabouts failure), such pre-notification steps expressly provided for in Article 5 of theInternational Standard for Results Management, through the charge until the final resolution of the matter,
including the end of the hearing process at first instance or on appeal (if an appeal was lodged).
Sample or Specimen: Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping Control. 79
Signatories: Those entities accepting the Code and agreeing to implement the Code, as provided in Article
23 of the Code.
Specified Method: See Article 4.2.2.
Specified Substance: See Article 4.2.2.
Strict Liability: The rule which provides that under Article 2.1 and Article 2.2, it is not necessary that intent,
Fault, Negligence, or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part be demonstrated by the Anti-Doping Organizationin order to establish an anti-doping rule violation.
Substance of Abuse: See Article 4.2.3.
Substantial Assistance: For purposes of Article 10.7.1, a Person providing Substantial Assistance must: (1)fully disclose in a signed written statement or recorded interview all information he or she possesses inrelation to anti-doping rule violations or other proceeding described in Article 10.7.1.1, and (2) fully
cooperate with the investigation and adjudication of any case or matter related to that information, including,for example, presenting testimony at a hearing if requested to do so by an Anti-Doping Organization orhearing panel. Further, the information provided must be credible and must comprise an important part ofany case or proceeding which is initiated or, if no case or proceeding is initiated, must have provided asufficient basis on which a case or proceeding could have been brought.

78
79[Comment to Recreational Athlete: The term “open category” is meant to exclude competition that is limited to junior or age groupcategories.][Comment to Sample or Specimen: It has sometimes been claimed that the collection of blood Samples violates the tenets ofcertain religious or cultural groups. It has been determined that there is no basis for any such claim.]

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Tampering: Intentional conduct which subverts the Doping Control process but which would not otherwise
be included in the definition of Prohibited Methods. Tampering shall include, without limitation, offering or
accepting a bribe to perform or fail to perform an act, preventing the collection of a Sample, affecting or
making impossible the analysis of a Sample, falsifying documents submitted to an Anti-Doping Organization
or TUE committee or hearing panel, procuring false testimony from witnesses, committing any otherfraudulent act upon the Anti-Doping Organization or hearing body to affect Results Management or theimposition of Consequences, and any other similar intentional interference or Attempted interference withany aspect of Doping Control. 80
Target Testing: Selection of specific Athletes for Testing based on criteria set forth in the International
Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Team Sport: A sport in which the substitution of players is permitted during a Competition.
Technical Document: A document adopted and published by WADA from time to time containing mandatory
technical requirements on specific anti-doping topics as set forth in an International Standard.
Testing: The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution planning, Sample collection,
Sample handling, and Sample transport to the laboratory.
Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE): A Therapeutic Use Exemption allows an Athlete with a medical condition
to Use a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method, but only if the conditions set out in Article 4.4 and theInternational Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions are met.
Trafficking: Selling, giving, transporting, sending, delivering or distributing (or Possessing for any such
purpose) a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method (either physically or by any electronic or other means)by an Athlete, Athlete Support Person or any other Person subject to the authority of an Anti-Doping
Organization to any third party; provided, however, this definition shall not include the actions of "bona fide"
medical personnel involving a Prohibited Substance Used for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes orother acceptable justification, and shall not include actions involving Prohibited Substances which are notprohibited in Out-of-Competition Testing unless the circumstances as a whole demonstrate such Prohibited
Substances are not intended for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or are intended to enhance sport
performance.
UNESCO Convention: The International Convention against Doping in Sport adopted by the 33rd session of
the UNESCO General Conference on 19 October 2005 including any and all amendments adopted by theStates Parties to the Convention and the Conference of Parties to the International Convention against
Doping in Sport.
Use: The utilization, application, ingestion, injection or consumption by any means whatsoever of any
Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
WADA: The World Anti-Doping Agency.
Without Prejudice Agreement: For purposes of Articles 10.7.1.1 and 10.8.2, a written agreement between
an Anti-Doping Organization and an Athlete or other Person that allows the Athlete or other Person toprovide information to the Anti-Doping Organization in a defined time-limited setting with the understanding
that, if an agreement for Substantial Assistance or a case resolution agreement is not finalized, theinformation provided by the Athlete or other Person in this particular setting may not be used by the Anti80[Comment to Tampering: For example, this Article would prohibit altering identification numbers on a Doping Control form during
Testing, breaking the B bottle at the time of B Sample analysis, altering a Sample by the addition of a foreign substance, or
intimidating or attempting to intimidate a potential witness or a witness who has provided testimony or information in the Doping
Control process. Tampering includes misconduct which occurs during the Results Management process. See Article 10.9.3.3.
However, actions taken as part of a Person's legitimate defense to an anti-doping rule violation charge shall not be considered
Tampering. Offensive conduct towards a Doping Control official or other Person involved in Doping Control which does nototherwise constitute Tampering shall be addressed in the disciplinary rules of sport organizations.]

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Doping Organization against the Athlete or other Person in any Results Management proceeding under theCode, and that the information provided by the Anti-Doping Organization in this particular setting may not
be used by the Athlete or other Person against the Anti-Doping Organization in any Results Management
proceeding under the Code. Such an agreement shall not preclude the Anti-Doping Organization, Athlete
or other Person from using any information or evidence gathered from any source other than during thespecific time-limited setting described in the agreement.

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