‫اﳌﺠﻠﺪ‪٣ ٣‬‬‫اﻟﺴﻮري ‪،‬اﳌﺠﻠﺪ‬‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﰲاﻟﺴﻮري ‪،‬‬‫اثاثاﻟﺜﻘﺎﰲ‬‫ﺣامﻳﺔاﻟﱰاﻟﱰ‬‫ﺒﺎتﺒﺎتﰲﰲﺣامﻳﺔ‬‫ﻛُﺘ ﱢﻴﻛُﺘ ﱢﻴ‬‫‪Booklets‬‬‫‪Bookletsfor‬‬‫‪forProtection‬‬‫‪ProtectionofofSyrian‬‬‫‪SyrianCultural‬‬‫‪CulturalHeritage,‬‬‫‪Heritage,Vol.‬‬‫‪Vol.3 3‬‬‫‪Principles‬‬‫‪Principlesand‬‬‫‪andProcedures‬‬‫‪ProceduresofofConservation‬‬‫‪Conservation‬‬‫‪for‬‬‫‪forPainted‬‬‫‪PaintedObjects‬‬‫‪Objects‬‬‫اﳌﻄﻠﻴﺔ‬‫اﻷﺟﺴﺎماﳌﻄﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔاﻷﺟﺴﺎم‬‫واﻹﺟﺮاءاتاﳌ ّﺘاﳌ ّﺘﺒﻌﺔﺒﻌﺔﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬‫اﳌﺒﺎدئواﻹﺟﺮاءات‬‫اﳌﺒﺎدئ‬‫ﺗﺎﻧﻴﻐﻮﺗﴚ‬‫ﻳﻮﻛﻮﺗﺎﻧﻴﻐﻮﺗﴚ‬‫إﻋﺪاد ‪:‬ﻳﻮﻛﻮ‬‫إﻋﺪاد ‪:‬‬‫اﳌﺮﻋﻲ‬‫ﻧﺎﻫﺪاﳌﺮﻋﻲ‬‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺐ‪:‬ﻧﺎﻫﺪ‬‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺐ‪:‬‬‫ﺟﻤﻮ‬‫ﺳﺎريﺟﻤﻮ‬‫ﺳﺎري‬‫‪Yoko‬‬‫‪YokoTANIGUCHI‬‬‫‪TANIGUCHI‬‬‫‪Agency‬‬‫‪Agency‬‬‫‪forfor‬‬‫‪for‬‬‫‪Cultural‬‬‫‪Cultural‬‬‫‪Affairs,‬‬‫‪Affairs,‬‬‫‪Agency‬‬‫‪Cultural‬‬‫‪Affairs,‬‬‫‪Government‬‬‫‪Government‬‬‫‪ofof‬‬‫‪of‬‬‫‪Japan‬‬‫‪Japan‬‬‫‪Government‬‬‫‪Japan‬‬‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺆوناﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬‫وﻛﺎﻟﺔاﻟﺸﺆون‬‫وﻛﺎﻟﺔ‬‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺆون‬‫وﻛﺎﻟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬‫اﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔاﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲاﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬‫اﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲﻓﻲ‬‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺗﺴﻮﻛﻮﺑﺎ‬‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬‫ﺗﺴﻮﻛﻮﺑﺎ‬‫آﺳﻴﺎ‬‫ﻏﺮب‬‫ﺣﻀﺎرة‬‫أﺑﺤﺎث‬‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬‫آﺳﻴﺎ‬‫ﻏﺮب‬‫ﺣﻀﺎرة‬‫أﺑﺤﺎث‬‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬‫آﺳﻴﺎ‬‫ﻏﺮب‬‫ﺣﻀﺎرة‬‫أﺑﺤﺎث‬‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬

Principles and Procedure of conservation intervention for painted objects

1
1

2
2

Preconsolidation

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Cleaning

66

77

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1010

1111

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13131414

Adhesion and Consolidation

1515

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16

Adhesion and Evaluation

1717

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Grouting, Edging and Filling

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GypsumHemihydrate gypsum reacts with water, and becomes gypsum (gypsum dehydrate) and solidifies.
CaSO4.1/2H2O+3/2H2O‐> CaSO4.2H2O
Less water shortens the working time (mixing time).
Less water facilitates greater expansion and strength.
Lower water temperature causes longer working time (mixing time), and greater expansion andstrength.
Longer mixing time causes less working time, and greater expansion and strength.
The filler will change the properties of gypsum (expansion, strength, working time).

Retarder of gypsum
In order to modify the working time, gluconate, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid can be utilised.
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28

These organic acids contain a hydroxyl group (‐OH) and carboxyl group (‐COOH) which combines with
gypsum to retard the hydration.
Gluconate > citric acid ≥ tartaric acid > malic acid
The mechanism for retarding the hydration of gypsum by oxy‐carboxylic acid is related to the stabilityof the calcium complex.

[Experiment]
How does the working time change through the use of a retarder (sodium citrate)? Measure theworking time with different concentrations of retarder.
Comparison of glues
1. Fish glue (sturgeon glue)
2. Cow skin glue
3. Cow bone glue
4. Rabbit skin glue
5. Funori
A. Colour
B. Bond strength, properties
C. Materials to be glued
D. Concentrations
E. Historical/regional differences
Preparation
Soak it in water (ion exchange water) for 2‐3 hours ~24 hours. 100 g of water and 10‐20g of glue.
Warm it at low temperature (lower than 60°C to avoid denaturing the protein). Filter the solution.
How to use
Warm the gluing area with a dryer in advance. Use a soft brush to spread the glue on the surface tobe glued.
The solution should be kept in a refrigerator.

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‫ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗ ّﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﺻﻳﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺣﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻳﺔ‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

22

‫ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻋﻳﻡ‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

4
4

55

‫ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻑ‬

‫‪6‬‬
‫‪6‬‬

7
7

88

99

1010

1111

1212

1313

‫ﻗﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻑ‬Richard Wolbers (2000) Cleaning Painting Surfaces: aqueous methods, Archetype

Publications, London
Dusan Stulik, David Miller, Herant Khanjian, Narayan Khandekar, Richard Wolbers,

Janice Carlson, and W. Christian Petersen (2004) Solvent Gels for the Cleaning ofWorks of Art: The Residue Question (Research in Conservation), Valerie Dorge (ed.)
Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles
Talarico, Fabio; Caldi, Cristina; Valenzuela, Marisol; Zaccheo, Carla; Zampa,Alessandra; and Nugari, M.P., Applicazioni dei gel come supportanti nel restauro. (Someapplication of gels in conservation.), Bollettino ICR

1414no. 3 (2001),

pp. 101-118‫ﺍﻻﻟﺗﺻﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻣﺞ‬‫ﻣﻼﺣﻅﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎء ﺍﻻﻟﺗﺻﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺡ ﻟﻁﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻼء ﻣﻊ ﺭﻛﺎﺋﺯ‬‫‪15‬‬‫‪15‬‬

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16

‫ﺍﻻﻟﺗﺻﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﻳﻳﻡ‬‫‪17‬‬‫‪17‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺣﺫ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﺷﻭ‬‫‪20‬‬‫‪20‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ‪:‬‬‫• ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻥ )ﺣﻘﻧﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁ ﻣﺻﻣﻣﺔ ﺧﺻﻳﺻﺎ ﻟﺣﻘﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﻘﻧﺔ(‬‫• ﺃﻧﺎﺑﻳﺏ ﺿﻳﻘﺔ )ﻣﺭﻧﺔ(‬‫• ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻣﺳﻁﺣﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻣﻠﻌﻘﺔ‬‫‪21‬‬‫‪21‬‬

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25

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‫ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ‪:‬‬‫• ﺣﻘﻥ )ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻐﻳﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺛﻐﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻳﻘﺔ(‬‫• ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻌﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻁﺣﺔ‬‫• ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﻭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺷﻭﻓﺔ )ﺍﻟﺗﻐﻁﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ(‬‫• ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻓﺔ ‪ +‬ﺍﻟﺷﻌﻳﺭﺍﺕ )ﻟﻠﺷﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺻﻐﺭﻯ(‬‫‪28‬‬‫‪28‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺟﺹ‬‫ﻳﺗﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﺹ ﻧﺻﻑ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺩﺭﺍﺗﻲ )‪ (Hemihydrate‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺻﺑﺢ ﺟﺹ ﻫﻳﺩﺭﺍﺗﻲ ﻣﺗﺻﻠّﺏ )‪.(dydrate gypsum‬‬‫‪CaSO4.1/2H2O+3/2H2O-> CaSO4.2H2O‬‬‫ﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﺃﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﺳﺗﺧﺗﺻﺭ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ )ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻁ(‪.‬‬‫ﺍﻟﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﺳﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺗﻣﺩﺩًﺍ ﻭﻗﻭﺓ‪.‬‬‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺧﻔﺿﺔ ﺳﺗﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻣﻝ ﺃﻁﻭﻝ )ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻁ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻣﺩﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‪.‬‬‫ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻁ ﺍﻷﻁﻭﻝ ﺳﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻣﻝ ﺃﻗﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻣﺩﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‪.‬‬‫ﺍﻟﺣﺷﻭ ﺳﻳﻐﻳﺭ ﺧﺻﺎﺋﺹ ﺍﻟﺟﺹ )ﺍﻟﺗﻣﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ(‪.‬‬‫ﻣﺛﺑﻁﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﺹ‬‫ﻣﻥ ﺃﺟﻝ ﺗﻌﺩﻳﻝ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺻﻧﻊ ﺧﻠﻁﺔ ﻣﻛﻭﻧﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻠﻭﻛﻭﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻣﺽ ﺍﻟﺳﺗﺭﻳﻙ‪ ،‬ﺣﻣﺽ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻁﺭﻳﻙ‪ ،‬ﺣﻣﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﻙ‪.‬‬‫ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﻣﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ )‪ hydroxyl (-OH‬ﻭﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ )‪ carboxyl (-COOH‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﺣﺩ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺟﺹ‬‫ﻟﺗﺄﺧﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻁﻳﺏ‪.‬‬‫ﻏﻠﻭﻛﻭﻧﺎﺕ< ﺣﻣﺽ ﺍﻟﻠﻳﻣﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﻣﺽ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻁﺭﻳﻙ< ﺣﻣﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﻙ‪.‬‬‫ﻭﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﺑﻄﺎء ﺗﺮﻁﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺠﺺ ﺑﺤﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻛﺴﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ‪.‬‬‫]ﺗﺟﺭﺑﺔ[‬‫ﻛﻡ ﻫﻭ ﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭﻩ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺛﺑّﻁ )ﺳﻳﺗﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺩﻳﻭﻡ(؟ ﻗِﺱ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺭﺍﻛﻳﺯ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺑﻁ‪.‬‬‫‪36‬‬‫‪36‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍء‬‫‪.1‬ﻏﺭﺍء ﺍﻷﺳﻣﺎﻙ )ﻏﺭﺍء ﺳﻣﻙ ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺵ(‬‫‪.2‬ﻏﺭﺍء ﺟﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻘﺭ‬‫‪.3‬ﻏﺭﺍء ﻋﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺑﻘﺭ‬‫‪.4‬ﻏﺭﺍء ﺟﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﺭﻧﺏ‬‫‪.5‬ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻧﻭﺭﻱ‬‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ‬‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﻗﻭﺓ ﺭﺑﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋﺹ‬‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻟﻳﺗﻡ ﻟﺻﻘﻬﺎ‬‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺍﻛﻳﺯ‬‫ﻫـ‪ .‬ﺍﻻﺧﺗﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻳﻣﻳﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺿﻳﺭ‬‫ﺗﺭﻁﻳﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء )ﻣﺎء ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻷﻳﻭﻧﻲ( ﻟﻣﺩﺓ ‪ 3-2‬ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ~ ‪ 24‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‪ 100 .‬ﻏﺭﺍﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻭ‪20-10‬ﻏﺭﺍﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍء‪.‬‬‫ﻧﺩﻓّﺋﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺿﺔ )ﺃﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ ‪ 60‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺋﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﺗﺟﻧﺏ ﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭ ﻁﺑﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻭﺗﻳﻥ(‪ .‬ﺛﻡ ﻧﺻﻔّﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻭﻝ‪.‬‬‫ﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ‬‫ﺗﺩﻓﺋﺔ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﺗﺻﺎﻕ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺟﻔﻑ ﻣﺳﺑﻘﺎ‪.‬‬‫ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻓﺭﺷﺎﺓ ﻧﺎﻋﻣﺔ ﻟﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻁﺢ ﻟﻳﺗﻡ ﻟﺻﻘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺑﻘﺎء ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻭﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺛﻼﺟﺔ‪.‬‬‫‪37‬‬‫‪37‬‬‫ﻛﻳﻔﻳﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻏﺭﺍء ﺳﻣﻙ ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺵ؟‬‫‪ .1‬ﻳﺟﺏ ﻗﻁﻊ )‬‫ﻍ( ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻔﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻳﺩﻳﻥ ﻭﺗﺑﻠﻳﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ )‬‫‪ .4‬ﻳﺗﻡ ﻛﺳﺭ )‬‫ﻍ( ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﻧﺿﻳﻑ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء‪.‬‬‫ﻣﻝ( ﻣﺎء ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻷﻳﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻣﺩﺓ ﻟﻳﻠﺔ‪.‬‬‫‪ .2‬ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻏﺭﺍء ﺳﻣﻙ ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺵ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻭﻧﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻧﻪ ﻛﺭﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻧﺿﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﺍﺕ ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﺍﻟﺯﺍﺋﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﺓ ‪ 5-3‬ﺳﻡ‪.‬‬‫‪ .3‬ﻳﺟﺏ ﺗﺻﻔﻳﺔ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺯﺍﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻏﻠﻳﻪ ﻟﺗﺟﻧﺏ ﺗﻔﻛﻙ ﺍﻟﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ‪.‬‬‫‪ .5‬ﻧﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﻔﻙ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻳﻔﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺩﻓﺋﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺧﻥ ) ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‪.‬‬‫ﺷﺣﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ّ‬‫‪ .6‬ﺑﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺻﺑﺢ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍء ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﻔﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻧﺭ ّ‬‫ﺷﺎﺵ‪.‬‬‫‪ .7‬ﺛﻡ ﻧﺻﻠّﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﻗﺭﺹ ﺩﺍﺋﺭﻱ )ﻗﻁﺭ ‪ 3‬ﺳﻡ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻳﻛﻭﻥ‪.‬‬‫ﻛﻳﻔﻳﺔ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻗﺭﺍﺹ ﻏﺭﺍء ﺳﻣﻙ ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺵ‪.‬‬‫ﺗﺩﻓﺋﺔ )‬‫ﻍ( ﻓﻲ )‬‫ﻣﻝ( ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺣﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﺩﺭﺟﺔ ‪ 60‬ﻣﺋﻭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﻛﻳﻔﻳﺔ ﺗﺣﺿﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻧﻭﺭﻱ؟‬‫ﻣﻝ( ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻟﻣﺩﺓ ‪ 15‬ﺩﻗﻳﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﻧﻐﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﻠﻭﺭﻳﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻛﺑﺭﻳﺗﺎﺕ‪.‬‬‫‪ .1‬ﻧﺑﻠﻝ ) ﻍ( ﻓﻭﻧﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﺟﻔﻑ ﻓﻲ )‬‫‪ .2‬ﻧﺭﻁﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﻣﺩﺓ ‪ 12-4‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬‫‪ .3‬ﻧﺳﺧﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ‪ 60-45‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺋﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﻣﺩﺓ ‪ 60‬ﺩﻗﻳﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻡ‪.‬‬‫‪ .4‬ﻧﺭﺷﺣﻬﺎ ﺑﺷﺎﺵ‪.‬‬‫‪ .5‬ﻧﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻟﻌﺩﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﻧﺄﺧﺫ ﺍﻷﺟﺯﺍء ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻭﻝ‪.‬‬‫‪ .6‬ﻧﺻﻠّﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺃﻗﺭﺍﺹ ﺩﺍﺋﺭﻳﺔ )ﻗﻁﺭ ‪ 3‬ﺳﻡ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻳﻛﻭﻥ‪.‬‬‫‪ .7‬ﺍﺣﻔﻅ ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺧﺯﻥ ﺟﺎﻑ ﻭﻣﻅﻠﻡ‪.‬‬‫ﻛﻳﻔﻳﺔ ﺗﺣﺿﻳﺭ ﻣﺣﻠﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻧﻭﺭﻱ؟‬‫‪ .1‬ﻧﺩﻓﺊ ) ﻍ( ﻣﻥ ﺃﻗﺭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻧﻭﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ) ﻣﻝ( ﻣﻥ ﻣﺎء ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻣﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﺧﻥ )‪ 55‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺋﻭﻳﺔ(‪.‬‬‫‪٪‬‬‫‪ .2‬ﻧﺿﻳﻑ ﺍﻷﻳﺯﻭﺑﺭﻭﺑﺎﻧﻭﻝ )ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺯ‬‫ﻣﻝ(‪ .‬ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺣﻔﻅﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺛﻼﺟﺔ ﻟﺑﺿﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺭ‪ .‬ﻟﻥ ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻧﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﻐﺭﺍء ﻟِﺑﺿﻌﺔ‬‫ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﺩﻭﻥ ﻛﺣﻭﻝ‪.‬‬‫‪38‬‬‫‪38‬‬