Emerging Role of National Oil Spill Response Organization Beyond Borders
Oil Spill Combat Team (OSCT) Indonesia
Yodi Satya, BSc, PG Dip EDM

EMERGING ROLE OF NATIONAL OIL SPILL RESPONSE ORGANIZATION BEYOND BORDERS
Yodi Satya, BSc, PG Dip EDM
Operations Manager, Oil Spill Combat Team Indonesia
Yodi is experienced in combating over 25 oil spills in the past 10 years as on-scene andincident commander in Indonesia, Singapore, China, Thailand and around the World.

Paper presented at Petroleum Association of Japan (PAJ) Oil Spill Symposium, 29January 2015, Tokyo, JapanINTRODUCTIONIndonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the World with over 17,000 islands, 240
million people and the fourth longest coastline at 95,000 km. 85% of Indonesia’s territory isocean and has a big risk of oil spill pollution from major shipping routes, over 200 ports
and oil terminal. Indonesia also has one of the largest oil activity in the World including oilproduction, import and export with over 3.5 million barrels per day. The impacted area ofoil spill incidents are also the main concern especially many tourism and World Heritage
sites in Indonesia that is extremely sensitive and need to be protected from any oil spill
pollution that can harm the environment and wildlife.
Because of the risks of oil spill threatening the Indonesia natural environment, thegovernment has established national resources under the Directorate General of Sea
Transportation, SKK MIGAS, Pertamina, Private Companies along with private oil spill
response organization such as Oil Spill Combat Team (OSCT) Indonesia. Indonesia’s
government also established bilateral and multilateral cooperation such as with Japan(PAJ & OSPAR) and Netherland

Oil Spill Combat Team (OSCT) Indonesia | Paper Presented at Petroleum Association of Japan, January 2015

1Emerging Role of National Oil Spill Response Organization Beyond Borders
Oil Spill Combat Team (OSCT) Indonesia
Yodi Satya, BSc, PG Dip EDM

For Tier-1 response preparedness, every company must have Oil Spill Contingency Plan(OSCP) approved by Ministry of Transportation and SKK MIGAS and have minimum tier-1
Oil Spill Response Equipment and trained responders. In case an oil spill incident escalate
to tier-2, SKK MIGAS has divided oil and gas operations in Indonesia into 8 (eight) mainareas with mutual agreement in each area to release in average 25% of their tier-1
resources for tier-2 incident. Because of the limited amount of OSRE release from area
agreement, national resources from national OSRO like OSCT Indonesia is also required
to respond to major oil spills

EMERGING ROLE OF NATIONAL OIL SPILL RESPONSE ORGANIZATION
National Oil Spill Response Organization (OSRO) such as OSCT Indonesia is a privateorganization providing membership services for emergency response to Oil & Gas
companies and private companies. The establishment of OSCT Indonesia begun in 2001.
In 2006, OSCT Indonesia become the largest oil spill response centre in Indonesia andone of the largest oil spill response centre in the World after moving to the new 10,000 m2
facility in West Java. Aiming to improve quality of service, OSCT Indonesia became thefirst Oil Spill Response centre in Indonesia that meets the requirement of ISO 14001:2004
and OHSAS 18001:2007. In 2012, OSCT Indonesia signed a Memorandum ofUnderstanding with Oil Spill Response Limited (OSRL) that acknowledged OSCTIndonesia as a capable oil spill response centre and a crucial part of any response to oilspills in Indonesia, at the same time changing the role of OSCT Indonesia to assist Tier-3
international resources to come into Indonesia when national resources have been
exhausted. In 2014, as a commitment for tier-2 response preparedness, OSCT Indonesia
become the first Oil Spill Response Centre in Asia to have two Giant Octopus skimmerand announced to become an IPO company.
OSCT Indonesia is supported by experts with 32 years of experience in combating oil
spills all around Indonesia, Thailand, China and around the World. OSCT headquarters islocated in West Java and 4 (four) bases across Indonesia located in Surabaya, Balikpapan,Sorong and soon to open in the Natuna area. Moreover, OSCT Indonesia have started
operating in Thailand. OSCT Indonesia have over 10,000 meters of boom, skimmers, two
giant octopus, and special purpose systems that is not commonly used for Tier-1 Oil Spills
Oil Spill Combat Team (OSCT) Indonesia | Paper Presented at Petroleum Association of Japan, January 20152

Emerging Role of National Oil Spill Response Organization Beyond Borders
Oil Spill Combat Team (OSCT) Indonesia
Yodi Satya, BSc, PG Dip EDM

but is crucial to have for large major oil spills. In the event of tier-2 oil spill incident escalate
to tier-3, Indonesian government through Directorate General of Sea Transportation has
been prepared the 15 (fifteen) Marine Disaster Prevention Ships (MDPS) that is equippedwith oil spill response equipment systems on each ship. As mentioned before, Indonesia’sresponse resources gathered from Area Assistance Agreement and National OSRO. Fromthe 8 (eight) coordination area and 4 (four) bases of National OSRO, there about 12 km ofoffshore boom and 15 km of shoreline boom available as the combined national resources
mobilized through the first week of incident. OSCT Indonesia maintains over 75% of thenational oil spill resources for combating major oil spills and in 2015 plans to upgrade theamount of oil spill combat equipment to total 20 km of boom and with new bases in Medanand Natuna Area and also a twin propeller airplane for aerial surveillance and dispersant
spraying.
OSCT Indonesia role as a National OSRO is changing not only to respond in-country, butto ensure international resources from international OSRO can arrive quickly in case of aninternational tier-3 incident. This can be accomplished by having a mutual cooperation withother international OSRO. OSCT Indonesia have signed a mutual cooperation MoU withOSRL (Singapore), IESG (Vietnam), NASOS (Vietnam) and CPSE (Vietnam) for the spiritof protecting the World’s Natural Environment.
Another role of national OSRO to support tier-3 international incident includes getting prearranged customs clearance permit from the Ministry of Trade and Directorate General ofCustoms along with bank guarantee to make sure that the international assistanceequipment can come into the country quickly with all permits pre-arranged. Once the prearrangement is settled, such documentation is already completed before and that means
there is no delay at entry port or airport. After equipment has cleared customs, nationallogistics and infrastructure can also be pre-arranged and used to mobilize international
resources to incident location. To allow seamless integration of team and equipment,
standard operating procedure between national and international team and resources canbe pre-arranged as well to avoid confusion in the field with clear responsibility division so
the chain of command and response action does not overlap one to another.

Oil Spill Combat Team (OSCT) Indonesia | Paper Presented at Petroleum Association of Japan, January 20153

Emerging Role of National Oil Spill Response Organization Beyond Borders
Oil Spill Combat Team (OSCT) Indonesia
Yodi Satya, BSc, PG Dip EDM

In summary, oil spill contingency planning made by every company is essential for Tier-1
response supported with tier-2 and tier-3 response arrangement where Tier-2 and Tier-3
response centres should have a mutual cooperation to work together seamlessly byhaving an MOU, SOP and pre-arranged customs clearance for international assistance.

EMERGING ROLE OF NATIONAL OIL SPILL RESPONSE ORGANIZATION IN MAJOR
OIL SPILL INCIDENTS
OSCT Indonesia have responded to many major oil spill incidents and recently from aJapanese Chemical Carrier that spilled marine fuel oil due to a vessel collision. The vesselthat carried 20 tonnes of Marine Fuel Oil (MFO) collided and OSCT Indonesia monitored
the spill from our Command Centre with trajectory modelling and satellite. Live videocommunication between on-site team and command centre is supported by Mobile
Command System via satellite as well. The oil spill impacted shoreline within 8 (eight)
hours and there is no Oil Spill Response Equipment (OSRE) available on site to containthe spilled oil. OSCT was mobilized on the next day by the P&I insurance provider of thecarrier “Southern Mermaid” and oil spill recovery was conducted by using support boat,
solid floatation oil boom, pressure washer, oil skimmer, temporary storage tank and oil
absorbent for about 12 (twelve) days.
Another recent major oil spill that OSCT Indonesia responded to is in Sumatra at Selat
Panjang, Riau province caused by a well blow out from a drilling well, where 3000 barrelsof light crude oil impacted rivers and sensitive areas within 1 (one) hour including
mangroves and fishing ground. SKKMIGAS Area resources was deployed first but due tothe limited equipment that is released, OSCT Indonesia was also deployed and theequipment was mobilized by BOEING 737 to the nearest airport and then transported toincident location within 24 hours. The oil spill was contained on the river using onshoreboom and absorbent boom with deflecting the spill to a collection point and then skimmersand pressure washers was used to recover spilled oil. The operation took over 30 days tocomplete

Oil Spill Combat Team (OSCT) Indonesia | Paper Presented at Petroleum Association of Japan, January 2015

4

Emerging Role of National Oil Spill Response Organization Beyond Borders
Oil Spill Combat Team (OSCT) Indonesia
Yodi Satya, BSc, PG Dip EDM

OSCT Indonesia also recently responded to an international oil spill incident that impacted
Koh Samed Island, Thailand with OSRL and the national oil spill response centre, IESG.
To recover the spilled oil, the navy of Thailand deployed at least 300 (three hundred)soldiers to help clean up the impacted area and OSCT and OSRL was present on site toprovide technical support and supervision and also assisted with oil spill containment andrecovery. Due to the fact that OSCT have an MOU with OSRL and also has a base ofoperations in Thailand, all teams was able to integrate seamlessly to quickly support the oilspill clean-up operations
SUMMARY
Based on the experiences responding to major oil spill incidents, national OSRO such Oil
Spill Combat Team Indonesia role is changing and emerging to support Tier-1, Tier-2 andTier-3 international response. From the Japanese carrier oil spill incident, in-country
resources are the first response to arrive on-site to recover the spilled oil because noequipment is available on-site and hence the role of the national OSRO becomes first
responders as some companies does not have Tier-1 resources. From the Sumatra, Selat
Panjang tier-2 oil spill incident, it can be seen that mutual assistance from the area islimited because the oil and gas companies under SKKMIGAS itself can only releasetwenty five percent (25%) of its Tier-1 resources. Other mechanism that can be used torespond to tier-2 oil spill incident is from membership program by national Oil Spill
Response Organization that provides more Tier-2 Resources that can be mobilized quickly,
hence the role of the national OSRO is not only for Tier-1 response, but to respond to Tier2 Major oil spill incidents. Furthermore, from international oil spill incidents, it is proven thathaving an MoU between Tier-2 and Tier-3 Oil Spill Response Organization allows moreresources to be mobilized during an oil spill response. The role of the national OSRO by
having an MOU is also Pre-arranged custom clearance that allows equipment to come into
the country without delay, logistics and having a standard operating procedure for
operations of national and international teams.
The role of National Oil Spill Response Organization like OSCT Indonesia are changing,
emerging from providing Tier-1 and Tier-2 Response to assisting Tier-3 response beyond
borders by having an cooperation (MOU) with Tier-3 Oil Spill Response centres to allow
international resources to come into the country quickly by preparing pre-arranged
customs clearance, local logistics, and clear standard operating procedures.
Oil Spill Combat Team (OSCT) Indonesia | Paper Presented at Petroleum Association of Japan, January 20155