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International Standard for Testing and Investigations
The World Anti-Doping Code International Standard for Testing andInvestigations is a mandatory International Standard developed as part of theWorld Anti-Doping Program. It was developed in consultation with Signatories,
public authorities, and other relevant stakeholders.
The International Standard for Testing was first adopted in 2003 and came into
effect in January 2004. It was subsequently amended six times, the first timeeffective January 2009; the second time effective January 2011; the third time
it was renamed International Standard for Testing and Investigations (ISTI),
effective January 2015; the fourth time effective January 2017; the fifth timeeffective March 2019; the sixth time effective March 2020 and the seventh timeeffective January 2021. This version of the ISTI incorporates further revisions
approved by the WADA Executive Committee in September and November
2022 and is effective as of 1 January 2023.

Published by:World Anti-Doping Agency
Stock Exchange Tower
800 Place Victoria (Suite 1700)
PO Box 120
Montreal, Quebec
Canada H4Z 1B7
www.wada-ama.org
Tel:+1 514 904 9232
Fax: +1 514 904 8650
E-mail: code@wada-ama.org

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TABLE OF CONTENTSPART ONE: INTRODUCTION, CODE PROVISIONS, INTERNATIONAL STANDARD PROVISIONSAND DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................... 6
1.0

Introduction and Scope............................................................................................................................6

2.0

Code Provisions .......................................................................................................................................6

3.0
3.1

Definitions and Interpretation .................................................................................................................7
Defined Terms from the Code that are used in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations....................................................................................................................................................................7
Defined Terms from the International Standard for Laboratories: ........................................................... 12
Defined Terms from the International Standard for Results Management: ............................................. 14
Defined Terms from the International Standard for the Protection of Privacy and Personal Information:................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Defined Terms specific to the International Standard for Testing and Investigations: ............................ 14Interpretation: .......................................................................................................................................... 16

3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6

PART TWO: STANDARDS FOR TESTING ........................................................................................ 18
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9

Planning Effective Testing ................................................................................................................... 18
Objective .................................................................................................................................................. 18
Risk Assessment ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Defining International-Level and National-Level Athletes ....................................................................... 19
Prioritizing Between Sports and/or Disciplines ........................................................................................ 20
Prioritizing Between Different Athletes .................................................................................................... 21
Prioritizing Between Different Types of Testing and Samples ................................................................ 24
Sample Analysis, Retention Strategy and Further Analysis .................................................................... 25
Collecting Whereabouts Information ....................................................................................................... 25
Coordinating with Other Anti-Doping Organizations ............................................................................... 40

5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

Notification of Athletes ......................................................................................................................... 41
Objective .................................................................................................................................................. 41
General .................................................................................................................................................... 41
Requirements Prior to Notification of Athletes ........................................................................................ 41
Requirements for Notification of Athletes ................................................................................................ 43

6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3

Preparing for the Sample Collection Session .................................................................................... 45
Objective .................................................................................................................................................. 45
General .................................................................................................................................................... 45
Requirements for Preparing for Sample Collection Session ................................................................... 46

7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4

Conducting the Sample Collection Session ....................................................................................... 49
Objective .................................................................................................................................................. 49
General .................................................................................................................................................... 49
Requirements Prior to Sample Collection ............................................................................................... 50
Requirements for Sample Collection ....................................................................................................... 50

8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3

Security/Post-Test Administration ...................................................................................................... 53
Objective .................................................................................................................................................. 53
General .................................................................................................................................................... 53
Requirements for Security/Post-Test Administration .............................................................................. 53

9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3

Transport of Samples and Documentation ......................................................................................... 54
Objective .................................................................................................................................................. 54
General .................................................................................................................................................... 54
Requirements for Transport and Storage of Samples and Documentation ............................................ 54

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10.0

Ownership of Samples .......................................................................................................................... 55

PART THREE: STANDARDS FOR INTELLIGENCE GATHERING AND INVESTIGATIONS............. 56
11.0
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4

Gathering, Assessment and Use of Intelligence ................................................................................ 56
Objective .................................................................................................................................................. 56
Gathering of Anti-Doping Intelligence...................................................................................................... 56
Assessment and Analysis of Anti-Doping Intelligence ............................................................................ 56
Intelligence Outcomes ............................................................................................................................. 57

12.0
12.1
12.2
12.3

Investigations ........................................................................................................................................ 57
Objective .................................................................................................................................................. 57
Investigating Possible Anti-doping Rule Violations ................................................................................. 58
Investigation Outcomes ........................................................................................................................... 59

ANNEX A - MODIFICATIONS FOR ATHLETES WITH IMPAIRMENTS ............................................. 61
A.1.
A.2.
A.3.
A.4.

Objective ................................................................................................................................................... 61
Scope........................................................................................................................................................ 61
Responsibility ........................................................................................................................................... 61
Requirements ........................................................................................................................................... 61

ANNEX B - MODIFICATIONS FOR ATHLETES WHO ARE MINORS ................................................ 63
B.1
B.2
B.3
B.4

Objective ................................................................................................................................................... 63
Scope........................................................................................................................................................ 63
Responsibility ........................................................................................................................................... 63
Requirements ........................................................................................................................................... 63

ANNEX C - COLLECTION OF URINE SAMPLES .............................................................................. 65
C.1
C.2
C.3
C.4

Objective ................................................................................................................................................... 65
Scope........................................................................................................................................................ 65
Responsibility ........................................................................................................................................... 65
Requirements ........................................................................................................................................... 65

ANNEX D - COLLECTION OF VENOUS BLOOD SAMPLES ............................................................. 68
D.1
D.2
D.3
D.4

Objective ................................................................................................................................................... 68
Scope........................................................................................................................................................ 68
Responsibility ........................................................................................................................................... 68
Requirements ........................................................................................................................................... 68

ANNEX E - URINE SAMPLES - INSUFFICIENT VOLUME ................................................................. 71
E.1
E.2
E.3
E.4

Objective ................................................................................................................................................... 71
Scope........................................................................................................................................................ 71
Responsibility ........................................................................................................................................... 71
Requirements ........................................................................................................................................... 71

ANNEX F - URINE SAMPLES THAT DO NOT MEET THE REQUIREMENT FOR SUITABLE
SPECIFIC GRAVITY FOR ANALYSIS ................................................................................................ 73
F.1
F.2
F.3
F.4

Objective ................................................................................................................................................... 73
Scope........................................................................................................................................................ 73
Responsibility ........................................................................................................................................... 73
Requirements ........................................................................................................................................... 73

ANNEX G - SAMPLE COLLECTION PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS .............................................. 75
G.1 Objective ................................................................................................................................................... 75
G.2 Scope........................................................................................................................................................ 75

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G.3 Responsibility ........................................................................................................................................... 75
G.4 Requirements - Qualifications and Training .............................................................................................. 75
G.5 Requirements - Accreditation, Re-Accreditation and Delegation ............................................................. 76

ANNEX H - EVENT TESTING ............................................................................................................. 78
H.1
H.2
H.3
H.4

Objective ................................................................................................................................................... 78
Scope........................................................................................................................................................ 78
Responsibility ........................................................................................................................................... 78
Requirements ........................................................................................................................................... 78

ANNEX I - COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF BLOOD ATHLETE BIOLOGICALPASSPORT SAMPLES ....................................................................................................................... 80
I.1
I.2
I.3
I.4

Objective ................................................................................................................................................... 80
Requirements ........................................................................................................................................... 80
The Sample Collection Procedure ............................................................................................................ 82
Transportation Requirements ................................................................................................................... 82

ANNEX J - COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF DRIED BLOOD SPOT SAMPLES .. 84
J.1
J.2
J.3
J.4
J.5
J.6

Objective .................................................................................................................................................
Scope......................................................................................................................................................
Responsibility .........................................................................................................................................
Requirements for Dried Blood Spot Sample Collection Equipment .......................................................
Dried Blood Spot Sample Provision .......................................................................................................
Requirements for Transport....................................................................................................................

84
84
84
85
85
88

ANNEX K - COLLECTION OF URINE SAMPLES IN A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT DURING A
PANDEMIC ......................................................................................................................................... 89
K.1
K.2
K.3
K.4

Objective ................................................................................................................................................... 89
Scope........................................................................................................................................................ 89
Responsibility ........................................................................................................................................... 89
Requirements for Dried Blood Spot Sample Collection Equipment ......................................................... 90

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PART ONE: INTRODUCTION, CODE PROVISIONS, INTERNATIONAL STANDARD PROVISIONSAND DEFINITIONS
1.0

Introduction and Scope
The first purpose of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations is to plan for intelligent
and effective Testing, both In-Competition and Out-of-Competition, and to maintain the integrity,
identity and security of the Samples collected from the point the Athlete is notified of his/her selection
for Testing, to the point the Samples are delivered to the Laboratory for analysis. To that end, theInternational Standard for Testing and Investigations (including its Annexes) establishes mandatory
standards for Test distribution planning (including collection and use of Athlete whereabouts
information), notification of Athletes, preparing for and conducting Sample collection, security/postTest administration of Samples and documentation, and transport of Samples to Laboratories foranalysis.
The second purpose of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations is to establish
mandatory standards for the efficient and effective gathering, assessment and use of anti-doping
intelligence and for the efficient and effective conduct of investigations into possible anti-doping
rule violations.
The International Standard for Testing and Investigations is supported by Technical Documents,
produced by WADA, to provide assistance to Anti-Doping Organizations in fulfilling their duties
under the World Anti-Doping Program. Technical Documents are mandatory. The Results
Management processes which were previously contained in the International Standard for Testing
and Investigations are now reflected in the International Standard for Results Management.
Terms used in this International Standard that are defined terms from the Code are italicized. Terms
that are defined in this or another International Standard are underlined.

2.0

Code Provisions
The following articles in the Code are directly relevant to the International Standard for Testing andInvestigations; they can be obtained by referring to the Code itself:•

Article 2

Anti-Doping Rule Violations•

Article 5

Testing and Investigations•

Article 6

Analysis of Samples•

Article 8

Results Management: Right to a Fair Hearing and Notice of Hearing Decision•

Article 10

Sanctions on Individuals•

Article 12

Sanctions by Signatories Against Other Sporting Bodies•

Article 13

Results Management: Appeals•

Article 14

Confidentiality and Reporting•

Article 20

Additional Roles and Responsibilities of Signatories and WADA

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3.0

•

Article 21

Additional Roles and Responsibilities of Athletes and Other Persons•

Article 23

Acceptance and Implementation

Definitions and Interpretation
3.1

Defined Terms from the Code that are used in the International Standard for Testing andInvestigations
ADAMS: The Anti-Doping Administration and Management System is a Web-based databasemanagement tool for data entry, storage, sharing, and reporting designed to assist stakeholders
and WADA in their anti-doping operations in conjunction with data protection legislation.
Adverse Analytical Finding: A report from a WADA-accredited laboratory or other WADAapproved laboratory that, consistent with the International Standard for Laboratories,
establishes in a Sample the presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers
or evidence of the Use of a Prohibited Method.
Adverse Passport Finding: A report identified as an Adverse Passport Finding as describedin the applicable International Standards.
Anti-Doping Organization: WADA or a Signatory that is responsible for adopting rules for
initiating, implementing or enforcing any part of the Doping Control process. This includes, forexample, the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, other
Major Event Organizations that conduct Testing at their Events, International Federations, andNational Anti-Doping Organizations.
Athlete: Any Person who competes in sport at the international level (as defined by each
International Federation) or the national level (as defined by each National Anti-Doping
Organization). An Anti-Doping Organization has discretion to apply anti-doping rules to an
Athlete who is neither an International-Level Athlete nor a National-Level Athlete, and thus tobring them within the definition of “Athlete”. In relation to Athletes who are neither
International-Level nor National-Level Athletes, an Anti-Doping Organization may elect to:
conduct limited Testing or no Testing at all; analyze Samples for less than the full menu ofProhibited Substances; require limited or no whereabouts information; or not require advanceTUEs. However, if an Article 2.1, 2.3 or 2.5 anti-doping rule violation is committed by any
Athlete over whom an Anti-Doping Organization has elected to exercise its authority to test andwho competes below the international or national level, then the Consequences set forth in the
Code must be applied. For purposes of Article 2.8 and Article 2.9 and for purposes of antidoping information and Education, any Person who participates in sport under the authority of
any Signatory, government, or other sports organization accepting the Code is an Athlete.
[Comment to Athlete: Individuals who participate in sport may fall in one of five categories: 1)
International-Level Athlete, 2) National-Level Athlete, 3) individuals who are not Internationalor National-Level Athletes but over whom the International Federation or National Anti-Doping
Organization has chosen to exercise authority, 4) Recreational Athlete, and 5) individuals overwhom no International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organization has, or has chosen to,
exercise authority. All International and National-Level Athletes are subject to the anti-doping
rules of the Code, with the precise definitions of international and national-level sport to be set
forth in the anti-doping rules of the International Federations and National Anti-Doping
Organizations.]

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Athlete Biological Passport: The program and methods of gathering and collating data as
described in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations and International
Standard for Laboratories.
Athlete Support Personnel: Any coach, trainer, manager, agent, team staff, official, medical,
paramedical personnel, parent or any other Person working with, treating or assisting an
Athlete participating in or preparing for sports Competition.
Attempt: Purposely engaging in conduct that constitutes a substantial step in a course of
conduct planned to culminate in the commission of an anti-doping rule violation. Provided,
however, there shall be no anti-doping rule violation based solely on an Attempt to commit a
violation if the Person renounces the Attempt prior to it being discovered by a third party not
involved in the Attempt.
Atypical Finding: A report from a WADA-accredited laboratory or other WADA-approved
laboratory which requires further investigation as provided by the International Standard forLaboratories or related Technical Documents prior to the determination of an Adverse
Analytical Finding.
Atypical Passport Finding: A report described as an Atypical Passport Finding as describedin the applicable International Standards.
CAS: The Court of Arbitration for Sport.
Code: The World Anti-Doping Code.
Competition: A single race, match, game or singular sport contest. For example, a basketballgame or the finals of the Olympic 100-meter race in athletics. For stage races and other sport
contests where prizes are awarded on a daily or other interim basis, the distinction between a
Competition and an Event will be as provided in the rules of the applicable International
Federation.
Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations (“Consequences”): An Athlete’s or other
Person’s violation of an anti-doping rule may result in one or more of the following: (a)Disqualification means the Athlete’s results in a particular Competition or Event areinvalidated, with all resulting Consequences including forfeiture of any medals, points andprizes; (b) Ineligibility means the Athlete or other Person is barred on account of an anti-doping
rule violation for a specified period of time from participating in any Competition or other activity
or funding as provided in Article 10.14; (c) Provisional Suspension means the Athlete or other
Person is barred temporarily from participating in any Competition or activity prior to the final
decision at a hearing conducted under Article 8; (d) Financial Consequences means a financial
sanction imposed for an anti-doping rule violation or to recover costs associated with an antidoping rule violation; and (e) Public Disclosure means the dissemination or distribution of
information to the general public or Persons beyond those Persons entitled to earlier
notification in accordance with Article 14. Teams in Team Sports may also be subject toConsequences as provided in Article 11.
Decision Limit: The value of the result for a threshold substance in a Sample, above whichan Adverse Analytical Finding shall be reported, as defined in the International Standard forLaboratories.

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Delegated Third Party: Any Person to which an Anti-Doping Organization delegates any
aspect of Doping Control or anti-doping Education programs including, but not limited to, third
parties or other Anti-Doping Organizations that conduct Sample collection or other Doping
Control services or anti-doping Educational programs for the Anti-Doping Organization, or
individuals serving as independent contractors who perform Doping Control services for the
Anti-Doping Organization (e.g., non-employee Doping Control officers or chaperones).This
definition does not include CAS.
Doping Control: All steps and processes from test distribution planning through to ultimate
disposition of any appeal and the enforcement of Consequences, including all steps andprocesses in between, including but not limited to, Testing, investigation, whereabouts, TUEs,
Sample collection and handling, laboratory analysis, Results Management and investigations
or proceedings relating to violations of Article 10.14 (Status During Ineligibility or Provisional
Suspension).
Education: The process of learning to instill values and develop behaviors that foster andprotect the spirit of sport, and to prevent intentional and unintentional doping.
Event: A series of individual Competitions conducted together under one ruling body (e.g., theOlympic Games, World Championships of an International Federation, or Pan American
Games).
Event Venues: Those venues so designated by the ruling body for the Event.
In-Competition: The period commencing at 11:59 p.m. on the day before a Competition inwhich the Athlete is scheduled to participate through the end of such Competition and the
Sample collection process related to such Competition. Provided, however, WADA may
approve, for a particular sport, an alternative definition if an International Federation provides
a compelling justification that a different definition is necessary for its sport; upon suchapproval by WADA, the alternative definition shall be followed by all Major Event Organizations
for that particular sport.
[Comment to In-Competition: Having a universally accepted definition for In-Competition
provides greater harmonization among Athletes across all sports, eliminates or reduces
confusion among Athletes about the relevant timeframe for In-Competition Testing, avoids
inadvertent Adverse Analytical Findings in between Competitions during an Event and assists
in preventing any potential performance enhancement benefits from Substances prohibited
Out-of-Competition being carried over to the Competition period.]
Independent Observer Program: A team of observers and/or auditors, under the supervisionof WADA, who observe and provide guidance on the Doping Control process prior to or duringcertain Events and report on their observations as part of WADA’s compliance monitoring
program.
Ineligibility: See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations above.
International Event: An Event or Competition where the International Olympic Committee, theInternational Paralympic Committee, an International Federation, a Major Event Organization,or another international sport organization is the ruling body for the Event or appoints thetechnical officials for the Event.

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International-Level Athlete: Athletes who compete in sport at the international level, as
defined by each International Federation, consistent with the International Standard for Testing
and Investigations.
[Comment to International-Level Athlete: Consistent with the International Standard for Testing
and Investigations, the International Federation is free to determine the criteria it will use toclassify Athletes as International-Level Athletes, e.g., by ranking, by participation in particularInternational Events, by type of license, etc. However, it must publish those criteria in clear
and concise form, so that Athletes are able to ascertain quickly and easily when they will
become classified as International-Level Athletes. For example, if the criteria include
participation in certain International Events, then the International Federation must publish alist of those International Events.]
International Standard: A standard adopted by WADA in support of the Code. Compliancewith an International Standard (as opposed to another alternative standard, practice orprocedure) shall be sufficient to conclude that the procedures addressed by the International
Standard were performed properly. International Standards shall include any TechnicalDocuments issued pursuant to the International Standard.
Major Event Organizations: The continental associations of National Olympic Committees
and other international multisport organizations that function as the ruling body for any
continental, regional or other International Event.
Marker: A compound, group of compounds or biological variable(s) that indicates the Use ofa Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
Minor: A natural Person who has not reached the age of eighteen years.
National Anti-Doping Organization: The entity(ies) designated by each country as
possessing the primary authority and responsibility to adopt and implement anti-doping rules,
direct the collection of Samples, manage test results and conduct Results Management at thenational level. If this designation has not been made by the competent public authority(ies),
the entity shall be the country’s National Olympic Committee or its designee.
National Event: A sport Event or Competition involving International- or National-Level
Athletes that is not an International Event.
National-Level Athlete: Athletes who compete in sport at the national level, as defined byeach National Anti-Doping Organization, consistent with the International Standard for Testing
and Investigations.
National Olympic Committee: The organization recognized by the International Olympic
Committee. The term National Olympic Committee shall also include the National Sport
Confederation in those countries where the National Sport Confederation assumes typical
National Olympic Committee responsibilities in the anti-doping area.
Out-of-Competition: Any period which is not In-Competition.
Person: A natural Person or an organization or other entity.
Prohibited Method: Any method so described on the Prohibited List.

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Prohibited Substance: Any substance, or class of substances, so described on the Prohibited
List.
Protected Person: An Athlete or other natural Person who at the time of the anti-doping ruleviolation: (i) has not reached the age of sixteen (16) years; (ii) has not reached the age ofeighteen (18) years and is not included in any Registered Testing Pool and has nevercompeted in any International Event in an open category; or (iii) for reasons other than age,has been determined to lack legal capacity under applicable national legislation.
[Comment to Protected Persons: The Code treats Protected Persons differently than otherAthletes or Persons in certain circumstances based on the understanding that, below a certain
age or intellectual capacity, an Athlete or other Person may not possess the mental capacity
to understand and appreciate the prohibitions against conduct contained in the Code. This
would include, for example, a Paralympic Athlete with a documented lack of legal capacity due
to an intellectual impairment. The term “open category” is meant to exclude competition thatis limited to junior or age group categories.]
Provisional Suspension: See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations above.
Recreational Athlete: A natural Person who is so defined by the relevant National AntiDoping Organization; provided, however, the term shall not include any Person who, within
the five (5) years prior to committing any anti-doping rule violation, has been an InternationalLevel Athlete (as defined by each International Federation consistent with the International
Standard for Testing and Investigations) or National-Level Athlete (as defined by each National
Anti-Doping Organization consistent with the International Standard for Testing andInvestigations), has represented any country in an International Event in an open category or
has been included within any Registered Testing Pool or other whereabouts information pool
maintained by any International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organization.
[Comment to Recreational Athlete: The term “open category” is meant to exclude competition
that is limited to junior or age group categories.]
Registered Testing Pool: The pool of highest-priority Athletes established separately at theinternational level by International Federations and at the national level by National Anti-Doping
Organizations, who are subject to focused In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing aspart of that International Federation's or National Anti-Doping Organization's test distribution
plan and therefore are required to provide whereabouts information as provided in Article 5.5
and the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Results Management: The process encompassing the timeframe between notification as per
Article 5 of the International Standard for Results Management, or in certain cases (e.g.,
Atypical Finding, Athlete Biological Passport, whereabouts failure), such pre-notification steps
expressly provided for in Article 5 of the International Standard for Results Management,
through the charge until the final resolution of the matter, including the end of the hearing
process at first instance or on appeal (if an appeal was lodged).
Sample or Specimen: Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping Control.
[Comment to Sample or Specimen: It has sometimes been claimed that the collection of blood
Samples violates the tenets of certain religious or cultural groups. It has been determined that
there is no basis for any such claim.]

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Signatories: Those entities accepting the Code and agreeing to implement the Code, as
provided in Article 23.
Substantial Assistance: For purposes of Article 10.7.1, a Person providing Substantial
Assistance must: (1) fully disclose in a signed written statement or recorded interview all
information he or she possesses in relation to anti-doping rule violations or other proceeding
described in Article 10.7.1.1 and (2) fully cooperate with the investigation and adjudication of
any case or matter related to that information, including, for example, presenting testimony at ahearing if requested to do so by an Anti-Doping Organization or hearing panel. Further, theinformation provided must be credible and must comprise an important part of any case orproceeding which is initiated or, if no case or proceeding is initiated, must have provided asufficient basis on which a case or proceeding could have been brought.
Tampering: Intentional conduct which subverts the Doping Control process but which would
not otherwise be included in the definition of Prohibited Methods. Tampering shall include,
without limitation, offering or accepting a bribe to perform or fail to perform an act, preventing
the collection of a Sample, affecting or making impossible the analysis of a Sample, falsifying
documents submitted to an Anti-Doping Organization or TUE committee or hearing panel,procuring false testimony from witnesses, committing any other fraudulent act upon the AntiDoping Organization or hearing body to affect Results Management or the imposition ofConsequences, and any other similar intentional interference or Attempted interference withany aspect of Doping Control.
[Comment to Tampering: For example, this Article would prohibit altering identification
numbers on a Doping Control form during Testing, breaking the B bottle at the time of B
Sample analysis, altering a Sample by the addition of a foreign substance, or intimidating or
attempting to intimidate a potential witness or a witness who has provided testimony or
information in the Doping Control process. Tampering includes misconduct which occurs
during the Results Management and hearing process. See Code Article 10.9.3.3. However,actions taken as part of a Person's legitimate defense to an anti-doping rule violation charge
shall not be considered Tampering. Offensive conduct towards a Doping Control official orother Person involved in Doping Control which does not otherwise constitute Tampering shallbe addressed in the disciplinary rules of sport organizations.]
Target Testing: Selection of specific Athletes for Testing based on criteria set forth in theInternational Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Team Sport: A sport in which the substitution of players is permitted during a Competition.
Technical Document: A document adopted and published by WADA from time to time
containing mandatory technical requirements on specific anti-doping topics as set forth in an
International Standard.
Testing: The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution planning, Sample
collection, Sample handling, and Sample transport to the laboratory.
WADA: The World Anti-Doping Agency.
3.2

Defined Terms from the International Standard for Laboratories:
ABP Laboratory: A laboratory not otherwise accredited by WADA, which is approved by

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WADA to apply Analytical Methods and processes in support of the hematological module of
the ABP program and in accordance with the criteria for approval of non-accredited
laboratories for the ABP.
Analytical Testing: The parts of the Doping Control process performed at the Laboratory,
which include Sample handling, analysis and reporting of results.
Analytical Testing Procedure: A Fit-for-Purpose procedure, as demonstrated throughmethod validation, and used to detect, identify and/or quantify Analytes in a Sample for Doping
Control purposes in accordance with the ISL and relevant Technical Document(s), Technical
Letter(s) or Laboratory Guidelines. An Analytical Testing Procedure is also referred to or
known as an Analytical Method or Test Method.
Athlete Passport Management Unit (APMU): A unit composed of a Person or Persons thatis responsible for the timely management of Athlete Biological Passports in ADAMS on behalfof the Passport Custodian.
Confirmation Procedure (CP): An Analytical Testing Procedure that has the purpose ofconfirming the presence and/or, when applicable, confirming the concentration/ratio/score
and/or establishing the origin (exogenous or endogenous) of one or more specific Prohibited
Substances, Metabolite(s) of a Prohibited Substance, or Marker(s) of the Use of a Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method in a Sample.
Further Analysis: Further Analysis, as this term is used in the ISL, occurs when a Laboratory
conducts additional analysis on an “A” Sample or a “B” Sample after an analytical result forthat “A” Sample or that “B” Sample has been reported by the Laboratory.
[Comment: There is no limitation on a Laboratory’s authority to conduct repeat or confirmation
analysis, or to analyze a Sample with additional Analytical Methods, or to perform any othertype of additional analysis on an “A” Sample or “B” Sample prior to reporting an analytical resulton that Sample. That is not considered Further Analysis.
If a Laboratory is to conduct additional analysis on an “A” Sample or “B” Sample after ananalytical result for that Sample has been reported (for example: additional Sample analysis todetect EPO, or GC/C/IRMS analysis, or analysis in connection with the Athlete Biological
Passport or additional analysis on a stored Sample) it may do so after receiving approval fromthe Testing Authority or Results Management Authority (if different) or WADA. However, afteran Athlete has been charged with a Code Article 2.1 anti-doping rule violation based on thepresence of a Prohibited Substance, Metabolite(s) of a Prohibited Substance, or Marker(s) of
the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method in a Sample, then Further Analysis onthat Sample may only be performed with the consent of the Athlete or approval from a hearing
body (see Code Article 6.5).
Further Analysis may be performed by the same Laboratory that did the original Analytical
Testing, or by a different Laboratory or other WADA-approved laboratory, at the direction of
the Testing Authority or Results Management Authority (if different) or WADA. Any other AntiDoping Organization that wishes to conduct Further Analysis on a stored Sample may do sowith the permission of the Testing Authority or Results Management Authority (if different) or
WADA and shall be responsible for any follow-up Results Management. Any Sample storage
or Further Analysis initiated by WADA or another Anti-Doping Organization shall be at WADA’sor that Anti-Doping Organization’s expense.]

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Laboratory: A WADA-accredited laboratory applying Test Methods and processes to provide
evidentiary data for the detection and/or identification of Prohibited Substances or Prohibited
Methods on the Prohibited List and, if applicable, quantification of a Threshold Substance in
Samples of urine and other biological matrices in the context of Doping Control activities.
3.3

Defined Terms from the International Standard for Results Management:
Adaptive Model: A mathematical model designed to identify unusual longitudinal results from
Athletes. The model calculates the probability of a longitudinal profile of Marker values,
assuming that the Athlete has a normal physiological condition.
Failure to Comply: A term used to describe anti-doping rule violations under Code Articles
2.3 and/or 2.5.
Filing Failure: A failure by the Athlete (or by a third party to whom the Athlete has delegated
the task) to make an accurate and complete Whereabouts Filing that enables the Athlete to
be located for Testing at the times and locations set out in the Whereabouts Filing or to updatethat Whereabouts Filing where necessary to ensure that it remains accurate and complete, allin accordance with Article 4.8 of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations andAnnex B of the International Standard for Results Management.
Missed Test: A failure by the Athlete to be available for Testing at the location and time
specified in the 60-minute time slot identified in their Whereabouts Filing for the day inquestion, in accordance with Article 4.8 of the International Standard for Testing andInvestigations and Annex B of the International Standard for Results Management.
Passport Custodian: The Anti-Doping Organization responsible for Results Management ofthat Athlete’s Passport and for sharing any relevant information associated to that Athlete’s
Passport with other Anti-Doping Organization(s).
Results Management Authority: The Anti-Doping Organization responsible for conducting
Results Management in a given case.
Whereabouts Failure: A Filing Failure or a Missed Test.

3.4

Defined Terms from the International Standard for the Protection of Privacy andPersonal Information:
Processing (and its cognates, Process and Processed): Collecting, accessing, retaining,
storing, disclosing, transferring, transmitting, amending, deleting or otherwise making use of
Personal Information.

3.5

Defined Terms specific to the International Standard for Testing and Investigations:
Blood Collection Officer (or BCO): An official who is qualified and has been authorized by
the Sample Collection Authority to collect a blood Sample from an Athlete.
Chain of Custody: The sequence of individuals or organizations who have responsibility forthe custody of a Sample from the provision of the Sample until the Sample has been delivered
to the Laboratory for analysis.

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Chaperone: An official who is suitably trained and authorized by the Sample Collection
Authority to carry out specific duties including one or more of the following (at the election of
the Sample Collection Authority); notification of the Athlete selected for Sample collection;accompanying and observing the Athlete until arrival at the Doping Control Station;accompanying and/or observing Athletes who are present in the Doping Control Station;
and/or witnessing and verifying the provision of the Sample where the training specificallyqualifies them to do so.
Code Article 2.4 Whereabouts Requirements: The whereabouts requirements set out in
Article 4.8, which apply to Athletes who are included in the Registered Testing Pool of anInternational Federation or a National Anti-Doping Organization.
Doping Control Coordinator: An Anti-Doping Organization or a Delegated Third Party thatcoordinates any aspect of Doping Control on behalf of an Anti-Doping Organization. The AntiDoping Organization always remains ultimately responsible under the Code for compliancewith the requirements of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations, Therapeutic
Use Exemptions, Protection of Privacy and Personal Information, and Results Management.
Doping Control Officer (or DCO): An official who has been trained and authorized by the
Sample Collection Authority to carry out the responsibilities given to DCOs in the International
Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Doping Control Station: The location where the Sample Collection Session will be conductedin accordance with Article 6.3.2.
In-Competition Date: As described in Article 4.8.8.4.
No Advance Notice Testing: Sample collection that takes place with no advance warning to
the Athlete and where the Athlete is continuously chaperoned from the moment of notification
through Sample provision.
Random Selection: Selection of Athletes for Testing which is not Target Testing.
Risk Assessment: The assessment of risk of doping in a sport or sports discipline conductedby an Anti-Doping Organization in accordance with Article 4.2.
Sample Collection Authority: The organization that is responsible for the collection of
Samples in compliance with the requirements of the International Standard for Testing andInvestigations, whether (1) the Testing Authority itself; or (2) a Delegated Third Party to whom
the authority to conduct Testing has been granted or sub-contracted. The Testing Authority
always remains ultimately responsible under the Code for compliance with the requirementsof the International Standard for Testing and Investigations relating to collection of Samples.
Sample Collection Equipment: A and B bottles, kits or containers, collection vessels, tubes
or other apparatus used to collect, hold or store the Sample at any time during and after the
Sample Collection Session that shall meet the requirements of Article 6.3.4.
Sample Collection Personnel: A collective term for qualified officials authorized by the
Sample Collection Authority to carry out or assist with duties during the Sample Collection
Session.

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Sample Collection Session: All of the sequential activities that directly involve the Athlete fromthe point that initial contact is made until the Athlete leaves the Doping Control Station after
having provided their Sample(s).
Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis: For Samples with a minimum volume of 90 mL andless than 150 mL, specific gravity measured at 1.005 or higher with a refractometer, or 1.010
or higher with lab sticks. For Samples with a volume of 150 mL and above, specific gravity
measured at 1.003 or higher with a refractometer only.
Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis: A minimum of 90 mL, whether the Laboratory will beanalyzing the Sample for all or only some Prohibited Substances or Prohibited Methods.
Tamper Evident: Refers to having one or more indicators or barriers to entry incorporated
into or, if applicable, included with the Sample Collection Equipment, which, if breached or
missing or otherwise compromised, can provide visible evidence that Tampering or Attempted
Tampering of Sample Collection Equipment has occurred.
Team Activity/Activities: Sporting activities carried out by Athletes on a collective basis aspart of a team (e.g., training, travelling, tactical sessions) or under the supervision of the team(e.g., treatment by a team doctor).
Technical Document for Sport Specific Analysis (TDSSA): The Technical Document which
establishes minimum levels of analysis that Anti-Doping Organizations must apply to sports
and sport disciplines for certain Prohibited Substances and/or Prohibited Methods, which aremost likely to be abused in particular sports and sport disciplines.
Test(s): Any combination of Sample(s) collected (and analyzed) from a single Athlete in asingle Sample Collection Session.
Test Distribution Plan: A document written by an Anti-Doping Organization that plans Testingon Athletes, in accordance with the requirements of Article 4.
Testing Authority: The Anti-Doping Organization that authorizes Testing on Athletes it has
authority over. It may authorize a Delegated Third Party to conduct Testing pursuant to theauthority of and in accordance with the rules of the Anti-Doping Organization. Such authorization
shall be documented. The Anti-Doping Organization authorizing Testing remains the Testing
Authority and ultimately responsible under the Code to ensure the Delegated Third Party
conducting the Testing does so in compliance with the requirements of the International
Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Unsuccessful Attempt Report: A detailed report of an unsuccessful attempt to collect a
Sample from an Athlete in a Registered Testing Pool or Testing pool setting out the date of
the attempt, the location visited, the exact arrival and departure times at the location, the steps
taken at the location to try to find the Athlete (including details of any contact made with third
parties), and any other relevant details about the attempt.
Whereabouts Filing: Information provided by or on behalf of an Athlete in a Registered
Testing Pool that sets out the Athlete’s whereabouts during the current and/or following
quarter, in accordance with Article 4.8.
3.6

Interpretation:

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3.6.1The official text of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations shall be
published in English and French. In the event of any conflict between the English andFrench versions, the English version shall prevail.

3.6.2

Like the Code, the International Standard for Testing and Investigations has beendrafted giving consideration to the principles of proportionality, human rights, and otherapplicable legal principles. It shall be interpreted and applied in that light.

3.6.3

The comments annotating various provisions of the International Standard for Testing
and Investigations shall be used to guide its interpretation.

3.6.4

Unless otherwise specified, references to Sections and Articles are references to
Sections and Articles of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.

3.6.5

Where the term “days” is used in the International Standard for Testing andInvestigations, it shall mean calendar days unless otherwise specified.

3.6.6

The Annexes to the International Standard for Testing and Investigations have thesame mandatory status as the rest of the International Standard.

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PART TWO: STANDARDS FOR TESTING
4.0

Planning Effective Testing
4.1

4.2

Objective
4.1.1

Each Anti-Doping Organization is required to plan and implement intelligent Testing on
Athletes over whom it has authority which is proportionate to the risk of doping, andthat is effective to detect and to deter such practices. The objective of Article 4 is to set
out the steps that are necessary to develop a Risk Assessment and produce a Test
Distribution Plan that satisfies this requirement. Code Article 23.3 requires Signatories
to devote sufficient resources in order to implement Testing programs in all areas thatare compliant with the Code and International Standards.

4.1.2

The Anti-Doping Organization shall ensure that Athlete Support Personnel and anyother Persons with a conflict of interest are not involved in test distribution planning fortheir Athletes or in the process of selection of Athletes for Testing.

4.1.3

The Anti-Doping Organization shall document its Risk Assessment and Test
Distribution Plan and shall provide that Risk Assessment and Test Distribution Plan to
WADA where requested. The Anti-Doping Organization must be able to demonstrate
to WADA’s satisfaction that it has made a proper assessment of the relevant risks andhas developed and/or implemented an appropriate Test Distribution Plan based on the
results of that assessment.

4.1.4

The Anti-Doping Organization shall monitor, evaluate and update its Risk Assessment
and Test Distribution Plan during the year/cycle in light of changing circumstances andimplementing the Test Distribution Plan. It shall adapt its Test Distribution Plan toreflect new information gathered and intelligence developed by the Anti-Doping
Organization and take into account Testing conducted by other Anti-Doping
Organizations.

Risk Assessment
4.2.1

The starting point of the Test Distribution Plan shall be a considered Risk Assessment,
conducted in good faith. This assessment shall take into account (at a minimum) the
following information:a) The physical and other demands of the relevant sport(s) (and/or discipline(s) within
the sport(s)), considering in particular the physiological requirements of the
sport(s)/sport discipline(s);b) Which Prohibited Substances and/or Prohibited Methods an Athlete would consider
most likely to enhance performance in the relevant sport(s)/sport discipline(s);c) The rewards and/or potential incentives for doping available at the different levelsof the sport(s)/sport discipline(s) and for the nations participating in such
sport(s)/sport discipline(s);d) The history of doping in the sport(s)/sport discipline(s), nation(s) and/or Event;

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[Comment to 4.2.1 (d): Unless there has been an effective Testing program in a
sport, encompassing both In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing, a history
of no or few Adverse Analytical Findings says little, if anything, about the risk of
doping in that sport.]e) Available statistics and research findings on doping trends (e.g., anti-doping Testing
figures and anti-doping rule violation reports published by WADA; peer-reviewed
articles);f)

Information received/intelligence developed on possible doping practices in the
sport (e.g., Laboratory and APMU recommendations; Sample Collection Personnel
reports; Athlete testimony; information from criminal investigations; and/or otherinformation received/intelligence developed in accordance with WADA’s Guidelines
for Information Gathering and Intelligence Sharing) in accordance with Article 11;g) The outcomes of previous test distribution planning cycles including past Testing
strategies;h) At what points during an Athlete’s career in the sport/discipline an Athlete would be
most likely to benefit from Prohibited Substances and/or Prohibited Methods; andi)

4.3

Given the structure of the season for the sport/discipline in question (including
standard Competition schedules and training patterns), at what time(s) during theyear/cycle an Athlete would be most likely to benefit from Prohibited Substances
and/or Prohibited Methods.

4.2.2

In developing its Test Distribution Plan, the Anti-Doping Organization should consider
in good faith any Risk Assessment for the sport or discipline in question carried out byanother Anti-Doping Organization with overlapping Testing Authority. However, anInternational Federation is not bound by a National Anti-Doping Organization’s
assessment of the risks of doping in a particular sport or discipline, and a National AntiDoping Organization is not bound by an International Federation’s assessment of therisks of doping in a particular sport or discipline.

4.2.3

In developing its Test Distribution Plan, the Anti-Doping Organization shall incorporate
the requirements of the TDSSA.

Defining International-Level and National-Level Athletes
4.3.1

Code Article 5.2 gives different Anti-Doping Organizations authority to conduct Testing
on potentially very large pools of Athletes. However, in recognition of the finite
resources of Anti-Doping Organizations, the Code definition of Athlete allows National
Anti-Doping Organizations to limit the number of Athletes who will be subject to theirnational anti-doping programs (in particular, Testing) to those who compete at thehighest national levels (i.e., National-Level Athletes, as defined by the National AntiDoping Organization). It also allows International Federations to focus their anti-doping
programs (including Testing) on those who compete regularly at the international level(i.e., International-Level Athletes, as defined by the International Federation).
[Comment to 4.3.1: Nothing prevents an International Federation from Testing an
Athlete under its authority who is not an International-Level Athlete, if it sees fit, e.g.,

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where they are competing in an International Event. Furthermore, as set out in the
Code definition of Athlete, a National Anti-Doping Organization may decide to extend
its anti-doping program (including Testing) to Athletes who compete below national
level. However, the main focus of an International Federation's Test Distribution Planshould be International-Level Athletes, and the main focus of a National Anti-Doping
Organization's Test Distribution Plan should be National-Level Athletes and above.]
4.3.2

Therefore, once the Risk Assessment and the Test Distribution Plan described in
Article 4.2 are completed, the next step is to determine an appropriate definition ofInternational-Level Athlete (for an International Federation), or National-Level Athlete(for a National Anti-Doping Organization) who are going to be subject to Testing by an
Anti-Doping Organization:a) An International Federation is free to determine the criteria it will use to classify
Athletes as International-Level Athletes, e.g., by ranking, by participation inparticular International Events, etc. It should make that determination in good faith,in accordance with its responsibility to protect the integrity of the sport at theinternational level (the showcase of the sport to the public), by fixing a definition
that shall, at a minimum (and in accordance with the Risk Assessment undertaken
in connection with the relevant sport/sports discipline), include those Athletes whocompete regularly at an international level and/or who compete at a standard at
which world records may be set.
[Comment to 4.3.2 (a): The Code requires each International Federation to publish
in clear and concise form the criteria it uses to classify Athletes as InternationalLevel Athletes, so that it is clear to everyone where the line is drawn. For example,
if the criteria include competing in certain International Events, then theInternational Federation shall publish a list of those International Events.]b) Similarly, a National Anti-Doping Organization is free to determine the criteria it will
use to classify Athletes as National-Level Athletes. Again, it should make that
determination in good faith, in accordance with its responsibility to protect the
integrity of the sport at the national level (the source of national pride in different
sports, and the steppingstone to international Competition, including representationof the nation in International Events or Competitions). Consequently, the definition
shall at a minimum (and in accordance with the Risk Assessment undertaken inconnection with the relevant sport/sports discipline) include those who compete at
the highest levels of national Competition in the sport in question (i.e., in national
championships or other Events that determine or count towards determining who
are the best in the country in the category/discipline in question, and/or who may
be selected to represent the country in International Events or Competitions). It shallalso include those nationals of its country who generally or often compete at aninternational level and/or in International Events or Competitions (rather than at thenational level) but who are not classified as International-Level Athletes by theirInternational Federation.

4.4

Prioritizing Between Sports and/or Disciplines
4.4.1

Next, the Anti-Doping Organization shall consider whether there are any factors
warranting allocation of Testing resources to one sport or discipline or nation (asapplicable) in priority to others and shall take into account without limitation their

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calendar of Events. This means having assessed the relative risks of doping:a) In the case of an International Federation, allocating Testing between the different
disciplines and nations, within its sport.
b) In the case of a National Anti-Doping Organization, allocating Testing between the
different sports as well as any national anti-doping policy imperatives that may leadit to prioritize certain sports over others.
[Comment to 4.4.1 (b): National Anti-Doping Organizations will have varying
national policy requirements and priorities. For example, one National Anti- Doping
Organization may have legitimate reasons to prioritize (some or all) Olympic sports
while another may have legitimate reasons, because of different characteristics ofthat sporting nation, to prioritize for example certain other ‘national’ sports. These
policy imperatives are a relevant consideration in the National Anti-Doping
Organization’s test distribution planning, alongside its assessment of the relative
risks of doping in the various sports played within its national jurisdiction. They may
lead, for example, to a National Anti-Doping Organization deciding, in its Test
Distribution Plan, for a particular period, (1) to allocate Testing to some sports within
its jurisdiction but not others; and (2) to prioritize certain sports over others due not
to a greater risk of doping in those sports but to a greater national interest in ensuring
the integrity of those sports.]c) In the case of a Major Event Organization, allocating Testing between the different
sports and/or disciplines involved in its Event.
d) Another factor relevant to the allocation of Testing resources within the Test
Distribution Plan will be the number of Athletes involved at the relevant level in the
sport(s) and/or discipline(s) and/or nation(s) in question. Where the risk of doping
is assessed to be equal between two different sports or disciplines or nations, moreresources should be devoted to the sport or discipline or nation involving the larger
number of Athletes.
4.5

Prioritizing Between Different Athletes
4.5.1

Once the International-Level Athletes and National-Level Athletes have been defined(see Article 4.3), and the priority sports/disciplines/nations have been established (seeArticle 4.4), an intelligent Test Distribution Plan uses Target Testing to focus Testing
resources where they are most needed within the overall pool of Athletes. Target
Testing shall therefore be made a priority, i.e., a significant amount of the Testingundertaken as part of an Anti-Doping Organization’s Test Distribution Plan shall be
Target Testing of Athletes within its overall pool.
[Comment to 4.5.1: Target Testing is a priority because random Testing, or evenweighted random Testing, does not ensure that all the appropriate Athletes will betested enough. The Code does not impose any reasonable suspicion or probablecause requirement for Target Testing. However, Target Testing should not be used forany purpose other than legitimate Doping Control.]

4.5.2

Anti-Doping Organizations shall consider conducting Target Testing on the following
categories of Athletes:

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a) For International Federations, Athletes (especially from its priority disciplines or
nations) who compete regularly at the highest level of international Competition(e.g., candidates for Olympic, Paralympic or World Championship medals), as
determined by rankings or other suitable criteria.
b) For National Anti-Doping Organizations, the following Athletes from its priority
sports:(i)

Athletes who are part of national teams in major Events (e.g., Olympic
Paralympic, World Championship and other multi-sport Events) or othersports of high national priority (or who might be selected for such teams);(ii)

Athletes who train independently but perform at major Events (e.g., Olympic
Games, Paralympic Games, World Championship and other multi-sport
Events) and may be selected for such Events;(iii)

Athletes in receipt of public funding;(iv)

National Level Athletes who reside, train or compete abroad;[Comment to 4.5.2 (b) (iv): Even if National Level Athletes are not residing or
training within the National Anti-Doping Organization’s country, it is still that
National Anti-Doping Organization’s responsibility to ensure those Athletes
are subject to testing abroad. The fact that an Athlete resides or frequently
trains abroad is not a valid reason not to test them.](v)

National Level Athletes who are nationals of other countries but who arepresent (whether residing, training, competing or otherwise) within the
National Anti-Doping Organization’s country; and(vi)

In collaboration with International Federations, International-Level Athletes.

c) For all Anti-Doping Organizations with Testing Authority:(i)Athletes serving a period of Ineligibility or a Provisional Suspension; and(ii)Athletes who were high priority for Testing before they retired from the sport
and who now wish to return from retirement to active participation in the sport.

[Comment to 4.5.2: Coordination between the International Federations, National AntiDoping Organizations and other Anti-Doping Organizations shall occur in accordancewith Article 4.9.]
4.5.3

Other individual factors relevant to determining which Athletes shall be the subject ofTarget Testing shall also be considered by the Anti-Doping Organization. Relevant
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b) Sport performance history, performance pattern, and/or high performance without
a commensurate Test record;c) Repeated failure to meet whereabouts requirements;d) Suspicious whereabouts patterns (e.g., last-minute updates of whereabouts
information);e) Moving to or training in a remote location;f)Withdrawal or absence from expected Competition(s);g) Association with a third party (such as a team-mate, coach or doctor) with a history
of involvement in doping;h) Injury;i)Age/stage of career (e.g., move from junior to senior level, nearing end of contract,approaching retirement);j)Financial incentives for improved performance, such as prize money or sponsorship
opportunities; and/ork) Reliable information from a third party, or intelligence developed by or shared with
the Anti-Doping Organization in accordance with Article 11.
4.5.4

Testing which is not Target Testing shall be determined by Random Selection andshould be conducted in accordance with the selection options in the Guidelines for
Implementing an Effective Testing Program. Random Selection shall be conductedusing a documented system for such selection. Random Selection may be either
weighted (where Athletes are ranked using pre-determined criteria in order to increaseor decrease the chances of selection) or completely random (where no pre-determined
criteria are considered, and Athletes are chosen arbitrarily from a list or pool of Athlete
names). Random Selection that is weighted shall be prioritized and be conductedaccording to defined criteria which may take into account the factors listed in Article
4.5.2 and 4.5.3 (as applicable) in order to ensure that a greater percentage of ‘at risk’Athletes are selected.
[Comment to 4.5.4: In addition to Target Testing, Testing by Random Selection canplay an important deterrent role, as well as helping to protect the integrity of an Event.]

4.5.5

For the avoidance of doubt, notwithstanding the development of criteria for selection of
Athletes for Testing, and in particular for Target Testing of Athletes, as well as the factthat as a general rule Testing shall take place between 6 a.m. and 11 p.m. unless (i),the Athlete stipulates a 60-minute timeslot from 5 a.m. or, (ii) valid grounds exist for
Testing overnight (i.e., between 11 p.m. and 6 a.m.), the fundamental principle remains(as set out in Code Article 5.2) that an Athlete may be required to provide a Sample atany time and at any place by any Anti-Doping Organization with authority to conduct
Testing, whether or not the selection of the Athlete for Testing is in accordance withsuch criteria. Accordingly, an Athlete may not refuse to submit to Sample collection on
the basis that such Testing is not provided for in the Anti-Doping Organization’s Test

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Distribution Plan and/or is not being conducted between 6 a.m. and 11 p.m., and/orthat the Athlete does not meet the relevant selection criteria for Testing or otherwise
should not have been selected for Testing.
4.6

Prioritizing Between Different Types of Testing and Samples
4.6.1

Based on the Risk Assessment and prioritization process described in Articles 4.2 to
4.5, the Anti-Doping Organization must determine to what extent each of the following
types of Testing is required in order to detect and deter doping practices within therelevant sport(s), discipline(s) and/or nation(s), intelligently and effectively:a) In-Competition Testing and Out-of-Competition Testing;(i)

In sports and/or disciplines that are assessed as having a high risk of doping
during Out-of-Competition periods, Out-of-Competition Testing shall be madea priority, and a significant portion of the available Testing shall be conducted
Out-of-Competition. However, a material amount of In-Competition Testing
shall still take place.

(ii)

In sports and/or disciplines that are assessed as having a low risk of doping
during Out-of-Competition periods (i.e., where it can be clearly shown that
doping while Out-of-Competition is unlikely to enhance performance orprovide other illicit advantages), In-Competition Testing shall be made apriority, and a significant portion of the available Testing shall be conducted
In-Competition. However, some Out-of-Competition Testing shall still takeplace, proportionate to the risk of Out-of-Competition doping in such
sport/discipline. Very exceptionally, i.e., in the small number of sports and/or
disciplines where it is determined in good faith that there is no material risk of
doping during Out-of-Competition periods, there may be no Out-ofCompetition Testing. In these circumstances, the International Federation
shall apply to WADA to seek an exemption from Out-of-Competition Testingin accordance with any protocol issued by WADA.

b) Testing of urine;c) Testing of blood;d) Testing involving longitudinal profiling, i.e., the Athlete Biological Passport program;ande) Testing of dried blood spots.
[Comment to 4.6.1 (c), (d) and (e): The requirements for blood in this International
Standard for Testing and Investigations apply, without limitation to Samples collectedby venipuncture in accordance with Annex D - Collection of Venous Blood Samples
and Annex I - Collection, Storage and Transport of Blood Athlete Biological Passport
Samples and by capillary blood sampling in accordance with Annex J - Collection,
Storage and Transport of Dried Blood Spot Samples; however, different requirements
apply depending on the Sample Collection Equipment and the requested analyses e.g.,
specific requirements apply for dried blood spot Samples, which are collected andallowed to dry on an absorbent Sample support (i.e., dried blood spot cellulose card or

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other equipment made of another material.]
4.7

Sample Analysis, Retention Strategy and Further Analysis
4.7.1

Anti-Doping Organizations shall ask Laboratories to analyze Samples for the standard
analysis menu based on whether the Sample was collected In-Competition or Out-ofCompetition. Anti-Doping Organizations may also consider undertaking more extensive
Sample analysis for Prohibited Substances or Prohibited Methods beyond thosecontained (or the levels required) within the TDSSA based on the risk of the
sport/discipline/country or any intelligence that the Anti-Doping Organization may
receive.

4.7.2

An Anti-Doping Organization may apply to WADA for flexibility in the implementation of
the minimum levels of analysis specified for Prohibited Substances or Prohibited
Methods as outlined in the TDSSA.

4.7.3

The Anti-Doping Organization shall develop a written strategy for retention of Samples
and the documentation relating to the collection of such Samples so as to enable the
Further Analysis of such Samples at a later date in accordance with Code Articles 6.5
and 6.6. Such strategy shall comply with the requirements of the International Standard
for Laboratories and the International Standard for the Protection of Privacy andPersonal Information, and shall take into account the purposes of analysis of Samples
set out in Code Article 6.2, as well as (without limitation) the following elements:a) Laboratory and APMU recommendations;b) The possible need for retroactive analysis in connection with the Athlete Biological
Passport program;c) New detection methods to be introduced in the future relevant to the Athlete, sport
and/or discipline;d) Samples collected from Athletes meeting some or all of the criteria set out at Article
4.5;e) Any other information made available to the Anti-Doping Organization justifying
long-term storage or Further Analysis of Samples at the Anti-Doping Organization’s
discretion.

4.8

Collecting Whereabouts Information
4.8.1

Whereabouts information is not an end in itself, but rather a means to an end, namely theefficient and effective conduct of No Advance Notice Testing. Therefore, where an AntiDoping Organization has determined that it needs to conduct Testing (including Out-ofCompetition Testing) on particular Athletes, it shall then consider how much information
it needs about the whereabouts of those Athletes in order to conduct that Testing
effectively and with no advance notice. The Anti-Doping Organization must collect allof the whereabouts information that it needs to conduct the Testing identified in its Test
Distribution Plan effectively and efficiently. In addition, the amount of whereabouts
information requested shall be proportional to the whereabouts pool and the number oftimes the Anti-Doping Organization intends to test the Athlete.

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4.8.2

In accordance with Code Articles 5.5 and 14.5, Anti-Doping Organizations may collectwhereabouts information and shall use ADAMS to conduct effective Doping Control. As
a result, such information shall be automatically available through ADAMS to WADA
and other relevant Anti-Doping Organizations with overlapping Testing Authority. This
information shall:a) Be maintained in strict confidence at all times;b) Be used for purposes of planning, coordinating or conducting Doping Control;c) Be relevant to the Athlete Biological Passport or other analytical results;d) Support an investigation into a potential anti-doping rule violation; and/ore) Support proceedings alleging an anti-doping rule violation.

4.8.3

Where an Anti-Doping Organization has determined that it needs to conduct Out-ofCompetition Testing on particular Athletes following its Risk Assessment (inaccordance with Article 4.2) and the prioritization steps (in Articles 4.3 to 4.7), it shallthen consider how much whereabouts information it needs for those Athletes in order
to conduct No Advance Notice Testing effectively.

4.8.4

The International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organization should consider
adopting a ‘pyramid’ or ‘tiered approach’, placing Athletes into different whereabouts
pools, referred to as the Registered Testing Pool, Testing pool and other pool(s),depending upon how much whereabouts information it needs to conduct the amount of
Testing allocated to those Athletes in the Test Distribution Plan.

4.8.5

The International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organization shall be able todemonstrate to WADA that it has conducted an appropriate risk-based approach inallocating Athletes to their whereabouts pool(s) and has allocated sufficient Out-ofCompetition Tests in its Test Distribution Plan as required in Articles 4.8.6.1 and4.8.10.1.

4.8.6

Registered Testing Pool
4.8.6.1

The top tier is the Registered Testing Pool and includes Athletes that are
subject to the greatest amount of Testing and are therefore required to provide
whereabouts in accordance with Article 4.8.6.2. Athletes in the Registered
Testing Pool shall be subject to Code Article 2.4 Whereabouts Requirements.
An International Federation or a National Anti-Doping Organization shallconsider the following criteria for including Athletes into a Registered Testing
Pool:a) Athletes who meet the criteria listed in Articles 4.5.2 and 4.5.3;b) Athletes whom the International Federation or National Anti-Doping
Organization plans to test at least three (3) times per year Out-ofCompetition (either independently or in agreed coordination with other

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Anti-Doping Organizations with Testing Authority over the same Athletes);c) Athletes who are part of the Anti-Doping Organization’s hematologicalmodule of the Athlete Biological Passport program as required by the
TDSSA;d) Athletes in a Testing pool who fail to comply with the applicable
whereabouts requirements of that pool;e) Athletes for whom there is insufficient whereabouts information available
from other sources for an International Federation or National Anti-Doping
Organization to locate them for that Testing;f)Athletes in a Team Sport who are not part of Team Activities for a periodof time (e.g., during the off-season); andg) Athletes who are serving a period of Ineligibility.
[Comment to 4.8.6.1: Following consideration of points a) to g) above andonce the Athletes in the Registered Testing Pool are determined, theInternational Federation or the National Anti-Doping Organization shall plan,
independently or in coordination with other Anti-Doping Organizations, to test
any Athlete included in the Registered Testing Pool a minimum of three (3)times Out-of-Competition per year.]
4.8.6.2

An Athlete who is in a Registered Testing Pool shall:a) Make quarterly Whereabouts Filings that provide accurate and complete
information about the Athlete’s whereabouts during the forthcoming
quarter, including identifying where they will be living, training andcompeting during that quarter, and to update those Whereabouts Filings
where necessary, so that they can be located for Testing during thatquarter at the times and locations specified in the relevant Whereabouts
Filing, as specified in Article 4.8.8. A failure to do so may be declared aFiling Failure; andb) Specify in their Whereabouts Filings, for each day in the forthcoming
quarter, one specific 60-minute time slot where they will be available at a
specific location for Testing, as specified in Article 4.8.8.3. This does not
limit in any way the Athlete’s Code Article 5.2 obligation to submit to
Testing at any time and place upon request by an Anti-Doping
Organization with authority to conduct Testing on them. Nor does it limit
their obligation to provide the information specified in Article 4.8.8.2 as totheir whereabouts outside that 60-minute time slot. However, if the Athlete
is not available for Testing at such location during the 60-minute time slot
specified for that day in their Whereabouts Filing, that failure may bedeclared a Missed Test.
[Comment to 4.8.6.2 (b): The purpose of the 60-minute time slot is to
strike a balance between the need to locate the Athlete for Testing andthe impracticality and unfairness of making Athletes potentially

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accountable for a Missed Test every time they depart from theirpreviously-declared routine.]
4.8.6.3

Anti-Doping Organizations with authority to conduct Testing on an Athlete ina Registered Testing Pool shall conduct Out-of-Competition Testing on thatAthlete using the Athlete’s Whereabouts Filing. Although Code Article 2.4
Whereabouts Requirements include the provision of a 60-minute time slot,
Testing shall not be limited to the 60-minute time slot provided by the Athlete.
To ensure Out-of-Competition Testing is unpredictable to the Athlete, AntiDoping Organizations shall also consider other whereabouts information
provided e.g., regular activities to test the Athlete.

4.8.6.4

An International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organization thatmaintains a Registered Testing Pool shall use ADAMS to ensure that:

4.8.6.5a)

The information provided by the Athlete is stored safely and securely;b)

The information can be accessed by (i) authorized individuals acting on
behalf of the International Federation or National Anti-Doping
Organization (as applicable) on a need-to-know basis only; (ii) WADA;
and (iii) other Anti-Doping Organizations with authority to conduct
Testing on the Athlete in accordance with Code Article 5.2; andc)

The information is maintained in strict confidence at all times, is used
exclusively for the purposes set out in Code Article 5.5 and is destroyedin accordance with the International Standard for the Protection ofPrivacy and Personal Information once it is no longer relevant.

Athletes under the Testing Authority of a National Anti-Doping Organization
and an International Federation should only be in one Registered Testing
Pool. While being included in more than one Registered Testing Pool ispossible, Athletes shall only file one set of whereabouts information. If theAthlete is included in the International Federation’s Registered Testing Pooland in the National Anti-Doping Organization’s Registered Testing Pool (or in
the Registered Testing Pool of more than one National Anti-Doping
Organization or more than one International Federation), then each of themshall notify in writing the Athlete that they are in its pool. Prior to doing so,
however, they shall agree between themselves to whom the Athlete shallprovide their Whereabouts Filings, and that Anti-Doping Organization shall be
the whereabouts custodian. Each notice sent to the Athlete shall specify thatthey shall provide their Whereabouts Filings to that Anti-Doping Organization
only (and it will then share that information with the other, and with any otherAnti-Doping Organizations having authority to conduct Testing on thatAthlete).
[Comment to 4.8.6.5: If the respective Anti-Doping Organizations cannot
agree between themselves which of them will take responsibility for collecting
the Athlete’s whereabouts information, and for making it available to the otherAnti-Doping Organizations with authority to test the Athlete, then they shouldeach explain in writing to WADA how they believe the matter should be
resolved, and WADA will decide based on the best interests of the Athlete.

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WADA’s decision will be final and may not be appealed.]
4.8.7

Entering and Leaving a Registered Testing Pool
4.8.7.1

The International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organization (asapplicable) shall notify in writing each Athlete designated for inclusion in its
Registered Testing Pool of the following:a)

The fact that they have been included in its Registered Testing Pool witheffect from a specified date in the future;b)

The whereabouts requirements with which they shall therefore comply;c)

The Consequences if they fail to comply with those whereabouts
requirements; andd)That they may also be tested by other Anti-Doping Organizations withauthority to conduct Testing.

[Comment to 4.8.7.1: This notification may be made through the National
Federation or National Olympic Committee where the International
Federation/National Anti-Doping Organization considers it appropriate or
expedient to do so and ordinarily shall be made reasonably in advance of theAthlete being included in the Registered Testing Pool. The notice shall also
explain what the Athlete needs to do in order to comply with the Code Article
2.4 Whereabouts Requirements (or refer them to a website or other resource
where they can find out that information). Athletes included in a Registered
Testing Pool shall be informed and should be educated so that they
understand the whereabouts requirements that they must satisfy, how thewhereabouts system works, the Consequences of Filing Failures and Missed
Tests, and their right to contest Filing Failures and Missed Tests that havebeen asserted against them.
Anti-Doping Organizations should also be proactive in helping Athletes avoid
Filing Failures. For example, many Anti-Doping Organizations systematicallyremind Athletes in their Registered Testing Pool of quarterly deadlines for
Whereabouts Filings, and then follow up with those Athletes who have still
not made the necessary filing as the deadline approaches. However, Athletes
remain fully responsible for complying with the filing requirements,
irrespective of whether or not the Anti-Doping Organization has provided
them with such support.]
4.8.7.2

ISTI – Effective 1 January 2023

An Athlete who has been included in a Registered Testing Pool shall continue
to be subject to the Code Article 2.4 Whereabouts Requirements unless anduntil:a)

They have been given written notice by each Anti-Doping Organizationthat included them in its Registered Testing Pool that they no longer
meet the criteria for inclusion in its Registered Testing Pool; orb)They retire from Competition in the sport in question in accordance with

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the applicable rules and give written notice to that effect to each AntiDoping Organization that included them in its Registered Testing Pool.
[Comment to 4.8.7.2: The applicable rules may also require that written noticeof retirement be sent to the Athlete’s National Federation. Where an Athlete
retires from but then returns to sport, the period of retirement shall be
disregarded for purposes of calculating the 12-month period referred to in
Code Article 2.4.]
4.8.8

Whereabouts Filing Requirements for Athletes in a Registered Testing Pool
4.8.8.1

Anti-Doping Organizations shall review Athletes’ Whereabouts Filings toensure they are submitted in accordance with Articles 4.8.8.2 and 4.8.8.3.

4.8.8.2

The Anti-Doping Organization collecting an Athlete’s Whereabouts Filings
may specify a date prior to the first day of each quarter (i.e., 1 January, 1
April, 1 July and 1 October, respectively) when an Athlete in a Registered
Testing Pool shall file a Whereabouts Filing that contains at least the following
information:[Comment to 4.8.8.2: To facilitate planning and readiness for Testing on thefirst day of the quarter (as countenanced in Article 4.8.8.2), Anti-Doping
Organizations may require that whereabouts information is submitted on adate which is the 15th of the month preceding the quarter. However, noConsequences for a failure to submit prior to the first day of the quarter shallapply.]a)

A complete mailing address and personal e-mail address where
correspondence may be sent to the Athlete for formal notice purposes.
Any notice or other item mailed to that address will be deemed to havebeen received by the Athlete seven (7) days after it was deposited in the
mail and immediately when notification of a sent e-mail receipt isgenerated/obtained (subject to applicable law);[Comment to 4.8.8.2 (a): For these purposes, the Athlete should specify
an address where they live or otherwise know that mail received there
will be immediately brought to their attention. An Anti-Doping
Organization is encouraged also to supplement this basic provision withother notice and/or “deemed notice” provisions in its rules (for example,
permitting use of fax, email, SMS text, approved social networking sites
or applications or other methods of service of notice; permitting proof of
actual receipt as a substitute for deemed receipt; permitting notice to beserved on the Athlete’s National Federation if it is returned undeliveredfrom the address supplied by the Athlete). The aim of such provisions
should be to shorten the Results Management timelines.]

ISTI – Effective 1 January 2023b)

Specific confirmation that the Athlete understands that their
Whereabouts Filing will be shared with other Anti-Doping Organizations
that have authority to conduct Testing on them;c)For each day during the following quarter, the full address of the place

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where the Athlete will be staying overnight (e.g., home, temporary
lodgings, hotel, etc.);d)

For each day during the following quarter, the name and address of eachlocation where the Athlete will train, work or conduct any other regular
activity (e.g., school), as well as the usual time frames for such regular
activities; and[Comment to 4.8.8.2 (d): This requirement applies only to activities thatare part of the Athlete’s regular routine. For example, if the Athlete’s
regular routine includes training at the gym, the pool and the track, andregular physio sessions, then the Athlete should provide the name andaddress of the gym, pool, track and physio in their Whereabouts Filing,
and then set out their usual routine, e.g., “Mondays: 9-11 gym, 13-17
gym; Tuesdays: 9-11 gym, 16-18 gym; Wednesdays: 9-11 track, 3-5physio; Thursdays: 9-12 gym, 16-18 track, Fridays: 9-11 pool, 3-5physio; Saturdays: 9-12 track, 13-15 pool; Sundays: 9-11 track, 13-15
pool”. If the Athlete is not currently training, they should specify that intheir Whereabouts Filing and detail any other routine that they will befollowing in the forthcoming quarter, e.g., their work routine, or schoolschedule, or rehab routine, or other routine, and identify the name andaddress of each location where that routine is conducted and the timeframe during which it is conducted.
In the case of a Team Sport or other sport where competing and/or
training are carried out on a collective basis, the Athlete’s regular
activities are likely to include most, if not all, Team Activities.]e)4.8.8.3

The Athlete’s Competition/Event schedule for the following quarter,
including the name and address of each location where the Athlete isscheduled to compete during the quarter and the date(s) and time(s) at
which they are scheduled to compete at such location(s).

Subject to Article 4.8.8.4, the Whereabouts Filing must also include, for eachday during the following quarter, one specific 60-minute time slot between
5 a.m. and 11 p.m. each day where the Athlete will be available andaccessible for Testing at a specific location.
[Comment to 4.8.8.3: The Athlete can choose which 60-minute time slot
between 5 a.m. and 11 p.m. to use for this purpose, provided that during thetime slot in question they are somewhere accessible by the DCO. It could be
the Athlete’s place of residence, training or Competition, or it could be anotherlocation (e.g., work or school). An Athlete is entitled to specify a 60-minutetime slot during which they will be at a hotel, apartment building, gatedcommunity or other location where access to the Athlete is obtained via afront desk, or security guard. It is up to the Athlete to ensure accessibility totheir selected 60-minute location with no advance warning to the Athlete. In
addition, an Athlete may specify a time slot when they are taking part in aTeam Activity. In either case, however, any failure to be accessible andavailable for Testing at the specified location during the specified time slot
shall be pursued as a Missed Test.]

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4.8.8.4

As the sole exception to Article 4.8.8.3, if (but only if) there are dates in therelevant quarter in which the Athlete is scheduled to compete in an Event(excluding any Events organized by a Major Event Organization), and theAnti-Doping Organization that put the Athlete into the Registered Testing Poolis satisfied that enough information is available from other sources to find theAthlete for Testing on those dates, then the Anti-Doping Organization that put
the Athlete into the Registered Testing Pool may waive the Article 4.8.8.2
requirement to specify a 60-minute time slot in respect of such dates ("InCompetition Dates"). If each of the International Federation and a National
Anti-Doping Organization put the Athlete into its Registered Testing Pool, theInternational Federation’s decision as to whether to waive that requirement inrespect of In-Competition Dates will prevail. If the requirement to specify a60-minute time slot has been waived in respect of In-Competition Dates, theAthlete shall specify in their Whereabouts Filing dates and locations (including
event name, overnight address, and any training activities) where they
anticipate being In-Competition (and as a result has not specified a 60-minutetime slot for those dates), if they are then eliminated from the Competition
before the end of those dates, so that the remaining dates are no longer InCompetition Dates, they must update their Whereabouts Filing to provide all
the necessary information for those dates, including the 60-minute time slot
specified in Article 4.8.8.3.

4.8.8.5

It is the Athlete’s responsibility to ensure that they provide all of theinformation required in a Whereabouts Filing as outlined in Articles 4.8.8.2
and 4.8.8.3 accurately and in sufficient detail to enable any Anti-Doping
Organization wishing to do so to locate the Athlete for Testing on any given
day in the quarter at the times and locations specified by the Athlete in their
Whereabouts Filing for that day, including but not limited to during the 60minute time slot specified for that day in the Whereabouts Filing.
a)More specifically, the Athlete shall provide sufficient information to
enable the DCO to find the location, to gain access to the location, andto find the Athlete at the location with no advance notice to the Athlete.
A failure to do so may be pursued as a Filing Failure and/or (if thecircumstances so warrant) as evasion of Sample collection under Code
Article 2.3, and/or Tampering or Attempted Tampering with Doping
Control under Code Article 2.5. In any event, the Anti-Doping
Organization shall consider Target Testing of the Athlete.
[Comment to 4.8.8.5 (a): For example, declarations such as “running in
the Black Forest” are insufficient and are likely to result in a Filing Failure.
Similarly, specifying a location that the DCO cannot access (e.g., a“restricted-access” building or area) is likely to result in a Filing Failure.
The Anti-Doping Organization may be able to determine the insufficiencyof the information from the Whereabouts Filing itself, or alternatively it
may only discover the insufficiency of the information when it attempts totest the Athlete and is unable to locate them. In either case, the mattershould be pursued as an apparent Filing Failure, and/or (where thecircumstances warrant) as an evasion of Sample collection under Code
Article 2.3, and/or as Tampering or Attempting to Tamper with Doping
Control under Code Article 2.5. Further information on Whereabouts

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Filing requirements can be found in WADA’s Guidelines for
Implementing an Effective Testing Program. Where an Athlete does notknow precisely what their whereabouts will be at all times during theforthcoming quarter, they must provide their best information, based onwhere they expect to be at the relevant times, and then update that
information as necessary in accordance with Article 4.8.8.5.]b)

If the Athlete is tested during the 60-minute time slot, the Athlete mustremain with the DCO until the Sample collection has been completed,even if this takes longer than the 60-minute time slot. A failure to do soshall be pursued as an apparent violation of Code Article 2.3 (refusal or
failure to submit to Sample collection).

c)

If the Athlete is not available for Testing at the beginning of the 60-minutetime slot but becomes available for Testing later on in the 60-minute timeslot, the DCO should collect the Sample and should not process theattempt as an unsuccessful attempt to test but should report the detailsof the delay in availability of the Athlete. Any pattern of behaviour of thistype should be investigated as a possible anti-doping rule violation ofevading Sample collection under Code Article 2.3 or Code Article 2.5. It
may also prompt Target Testing of the Athlete. If an Athlete is notavailable for Testing during their specified 60-minute time slot at thelocation specified for that time slot for that day, they will be liable for a
Missed Test even if they are located later that day and a Sample issuccessfully collected from them.

d)Once the DCO has arrived at the location specified for the 60-minutetime slot, if the Athlete cannot be located immediately, then the DCO
should remain at that location for whatever time is left of the 60-minutetime slot and during that remaining time they should do what isreasonable in the circumstances to try to locate the Athlete. See WADA’s
Guidelines for Sample Collection for guidance in determining what isreasonable in such circumstances.
[Comment to 4.8.8.5 (d): Where an Athlete has not been located despite
the DCO’s reasonable efforts, and there are only five (5) minutes left
within the 60-minute time slot, then as a last resort the DCO may (butdoes not have to) telephone the Athlete (assuming they have provided
their telephone number in their Whereabouts Filing) to see if they are at
the specified location. If the Athlete answers the DCO’s call and isavailable at (or in the immediate vicinity of) the location for immediate
Testing (i.e., within the 60-minute time slot), then the DCO should wait for
the Athlete and should collect the Sample from them as normal.
However, the DCO should also make a careful note of all thecircumstances, so that it can be decided if any further investigation should
be conducted. In particular, the DCO should make a note of any facts
suggesting that there could have been Tampering or manipulation of theAthlete’s urine or blood in the time that elapsed between the phone calland the Sample collection. If the Athlete answers the DCO’s call and is
not at the specified location or in the immediate vicinity, and so cannot
make himself/herself available for Testing within the 60-minute time slot,

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the DCO should file an Unsuccessful Attempt Report.]
4.8.8.6

Where a change in circumstances means that the information in a
Whereabouts Filing is no longer accurate or complete as required by Article
4.8.8.5, the Athlete shall file an update so that the information on file is again
accurate and complete. The Athlete must always update their Whereabouts
Filing to reflect any change in any day in the quarter in question in particular;(a) in the time or location of the 60-minute time slot specified in Article 4.8.8.3;
and/or (b) in the place where they are staying overnight. The Athlete shall filethe update as soon as possible after they become aware of the change incircumstances, and in any event prior to the 60-minute time slot specified intheir filing for the relevant day. A failure to do so may be pursued as a Filing
Failure and/or (if the circumstances so warrant) as evasion of Sample
collection under Code Article 2.3, and/or Tampering or Attempted Tamperingwith Doping Control under Code Article 2.5. In any event, the Anti-Doping
Organization shall consider Target Testing of the Athlete.
[Comment to 4.8.8.6: The Anti-Doping Organization collecting the Athlete’s
Whereabouts Filings should provide appropriate mechanisms (e.g., phone,
fax, Internet, email, SMS, approved social networking sites or applications) tofacilitate the filing of such updates. It is the responsibility of each Anti-Doping
Organization with authority to conduct Testing on the Athlete to ensure that it
checks for any updates filed by the Athlete prior to attempting to collect a
Sample from the Athlete based on their Whereabouts Filing. For the
avoidance of doubt, however, an Athlete who updates their 60-minute timeslot for a particular day prior to the original 60-minute slot must still submit to
Testing during the original 60-minute time slot, if they are located for Testing
during that time slot.]

4.8.9

Availability for Testing
4.8.9.1

Every Athlete must submit to Testing at any time and place upon request by
an Anti-Doping Organization with authority to conduct Testing. In addition, anAthlete in a Registered Testing Pool must specifically be present andavailable for Testing on any given day during the 60-minute time slot specified
for that day in their Whereabouts Filing, at the location that the Athlete has
specified for that time slot.
[Comment to 4.8.9.1: For Testing to be effective in deterring and detecting
cheating, it should be as unpredictable as possible. Therefore, the intent
behind the 60-minute time slot is not to limit Testing to that period, or to createa ‘default’ period for Testing, but rather:

ISTI – Effective 1 January 2023a)

To make it very clear when an unsuccessful attempt to test an Athlete
will count as a Missed Test;b)

To guarantee that the Athlete can be found, and a Sample can becollected, at least once per day (which should deter doping, or, as aminimum, make it far more difficult);c)

To increase the reliability of the rest of the whereabouts information

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provided by the Athlete, and so to assist the Anti-Doping Organization inlocating the Athlete for Testing outside the 60-minute time slot. The 60minute time slot “anchors” the Athlete to a certain location for a particularday. Combined with the information that the Athlete must provide as towhere they are staying overnight, training, competing and conducting
other ‘regular’ activities during that day, the Anti-Doping Organization
should be able to locate the Athlete for Testing outside the 60-minutetime slot; andd)To generate useful anti-doping intelligence, e.g., if the Athlete regularly
specifies time slots with large gaps between them, and/or changes histime slot and/or location at the last minute. Such intelligence can berelied upon as a basis for the Target Testing of such Athlete.]

4.8.10 Testing Pool(s)4.8.10.1

The tier below the Registered Testing Pool is the Testing pool and should
include Athletes from whom some whereabouts information is required inorder to locate and test the Athlete at least once per year Out-of-Competition.
At a minimum, this shall include an overnight address, Competition/Eventschedule and regular training activities. Athletes in a Testing pool are notsubject to the requirements of Code Article 2.4. An International Federation ora National Anti-Doping Organization shall consider the following criteria forincluding Athletes into a Testing pool:a)Athletes whom the International Federation or National Anti-Doping
Organization plans to test at least once per year Out-of-Competition(either independently or in agreed coordination with other Anti-Doping
Organizations with Testing Authority over the same Athletes);b)

Athletes from sports that have sufficient whereabouts information tolocate them for Testing through regular team Competition/Event andTeam Activities.

4.8.10.2 Where training in a sport is organized and carried out on a collective basis
rather than on an individual basis, involving Team Activities, an International
Federation or National Anti-Doping Organization may decide that it issufficient to include Athletes as part of the team in a Testing pool. However,in periods where there are no Team Activities scheduled (e.g., the offseason) or where an Athlete is not participating in Team Activities (e.g., isrehabilitating after an injury), then the Athlete may be required by theInternational Federation or National Anti-Doping Organization rules orprocedures to provide more individualized whereabouts to enable No
Advance Notice Testing of the Athlete during these periods. If thewhereabouts information requested is not sufficient to conduct the No
Advance Notice Testing during these periods, it shall put the Athletes into its
Registered Testing Pool and Code Article 2.4 Whereabouts Requirements
will apply.
4.8.10.3 To ensure accurate whereabouts are filed and maintained by Athletes in a
Testing pool, an International Federation or a National Anti-Doping

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Organization shall, within their rules and procedures, include appropriate
and proportionate non-Code Article 2.4 consequences to individual Athletesor teams who are part of a Testing pool if;a)the whereabouts information is not filed on the date(s) stated in therules; orb)

the whereabouts information is not found to be accurate following anattempt to test; orc)information is obtained that is contrary to the whereabouts information
provided.

[Comment 4.8.10.3: Such consequences may be in addition to theelevation of an Athlete into the Registered Testing Pool as described in
Article 4.8.6.1 (d)].
4.8.10.4 Whereabouts for Athletes in a Testing pool should also be filed in ADAMS
to enable better Testing coordination between Anti-Doping Organizations.
An International Federation or a National Anti-Doping Organization may also
request whereabouts schedules with more regular deadlines e.g., weekly,monthly or quarterly within their rules or procedures which better suit theneeds and demands of Team Activities in the relevant sport(s).
4.8.10.5 Athletes designated for inclusion in a Testing pool shall be notified in writingin advance by the International Federation and National Anti-Doping
Organization of their inclusion in the Testing pool, the whereabouts
requirements and the consequences that apply.
4.8.11 Other Pool(s)4.8.11.1

International Federations and National Anti-Doping Organizations may
implement other pool(s) for Athletes who do not meet the criteria of Article
4.5.2 and where diminishing whereabouts requirements may be defined by
the International Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization. Athletes
in such pool(s) are not subject to Code Article 2.4 Whereabouts
Requirements.

4.8.12 Selecting Athletes for Different Whereabouts Pools and Coordination Between
International Federations and National Anti-Doping Organizations.
4.8.12.1

Each International Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization has
the discretion to select which Athlete goes into which type of whereabouts
pool. However, the International Federation and National Anti-Doping
Organization shall be able to demonstrate they have made a proper
assessment of the relevant risks, the necessary prioritization in accordancewith Articles 4.2 to 4.7, and that they have adopted appropriate criteria
based on the results of that assessment.

4.8.12.2

Once an International Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization
have selected Athletes for their Registered Testing Pool, they shall share

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and maintain the list of Athletes through ADAMS with the relevantInternational Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization.
4.8.12.3

If an Athlete is in one whereabouts pool of their International Federation
and another whereabouts pool for their National Anti-Doping Organization,
they shall file their whereabouts and comply with whichever whereabouts
pool has the greater whereabouts requirements.

4.8.12.4

International Federations and National Anti-Doping Organizations shallcoordinate Athlete whereabouts pool selection and Testing activities toavoid duplication and maximize use of resources. As a result of such
coordination and resource efficiencies, either the International Federation
or National Anti-Doping Organization shall consider adding more Athletes
to its Registered Testing Pool or Testing pool to ensure a greater level ofTesting is conducted across a wider range of “at risk” Athletes.

4.8.12.5

Each International Federation and each National Anti-Doping Organization
shall:a) Regularly review and update as necessary their criteria for including
Athletes in their Registered Testing Pool and Testing pool(s) to ensurethat they remain fit for purpose, i.e., they are capturing all appropriate
Athletes. They shall take into account the Competition/Event calendar
for the relevant period and change or increase the number of Athletes
in the Registered Testing Pool or Testing pool in the lead-up to a major
Event (e.g., Olympic Games, Paralympic Games, World Championshipand other multi-sport Events) to ensure those Athletes participating are
subject to a sufficient level of Out-of-Competition Testing in accordancewith any Risk Assessment.
b) Periodically review during the year/cycle in light of changing
circumstances the list of Athletes in their Registered Testing Pool andTesting pool(s) to ensure that each listed Athlete continues to meet therelevant criteria. Athletes who no longer meet the criteria should be
removed from the Registered Testing Pool and/or Testing pool andAthletes who now meet the criteria should be added. The International
Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization shall advise such
Athletes of the change in their status and make a new list of Athletes in
the applicable pool available, without delay.

4.8.13 Major Event Organizations
4.8.13.1 For periods when Athletes come under the Testing Authority of a Major Event
Organization:a) If the Athletes are in a Registered Testing Pool, then the Major Event
Organization may access their Whereabouts Filings for the relevant
period in order to conduct Out-of-Competition Testing on them; orb) The Major Event Organization may adopt Event-specific rules, including
consequences requiring Athletes or the relevant third party to provide

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such information about their whereabouts for the relevant period as it
deems necessary and proportionate in order to conduct Out-ofCompetition Testing.
4.8.14 Whereabouts Responsibilities
4.8.14.1 Notwithstanding any other provision of Article 4.8:a) An International Federation may propose, and a National Anti-Doping
Organization may agree to, the delegation of some or all of thewhereabouts responsibilities of the International Federation under Article
4.8 to the National Anti-Doping Organization or Doping Control
Coordinator subject to (f) below;b) An International Federation may delegate some or all of its whereabouts
responsibilities under Article 4.8 to the Athlete’s National Federation or
Doping Control Coordinator subject to (f) below; orc) A National Anti-Doping Organization may delegate some or all of its
whereabouts responsibilities under Article 4.8 to the Athlete’s National
Federation, Doping Control Coordinator or other appropriate Anti-Doping
Organization with authority over the Athlete in question subject to (f)below;d) Where no appropriate National Anti-Doping Organization exists, theNational Olympic Committee shall assume the whereabouts
responsibilities of the National Anti-Doping Organization set out in Article
4.8; ande) Where WADA determines that the International Federation or National
Anti-Doping Organization (as applicable) is not discharging some or all of
its whereabouts responsibilities under Article 4.8, WADA may delegate
some or all of those responsibilities to any other appropriate Anti-Doping
Organization.
f)

At all times the Anti-Doping Organization (whether the International
Federation, National Anti-Doping Organization or other Anti-Doping
Organization with authority over the Athlete in question) that delegates its
responsibilities (in whole or in part) to a National Federation or Doping
Control Coordinator remains ultimately responsible for the acts and/or
omissions of such entity to whom it has delegated authority.

4.8.14.2 A National Federation must use its best efforts to assist its International
Federation and/or National Anti-Doping Organization (as applicable) incollecting whereabouts from Athletes who are subject to that National
Federation’s authority, including (without limitation) making special provisionin its rules for that purpose.
4.8.14.3 An Athlete may choose to delegate the task of filing their whereabouts(and/or any updates thereto) to a third party, such as a coach, a manager or
a National Federation, provided that the third party agrees to such

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delegation. The Anti-Doping Organization collecting the Athlete’s
whereabouts may require written notice of any agreed delegation to be filedwith it, signed by both the Athlete in question and the third party delegate.
[Comment to 4.8.14.3: For example, an Athlete participating in a Team Sportor other sport where competing and/or training is carried out on a collective
basis, may delegate the task of filing their whereabouts to the team, to be
carried out by a coach, a manager or a National Federation. Indeed, for thesake of convenience and efficiency, an Athlete in such a sport may delegate
the filing of their whereabouts to their team not only in respect of periods ofTeam Activities but also in respect of periods where they are not with theteam, provided the team agrees. In such circumstances, the Athlete will needto provide the information as to their individual whereabouts for the period inquestion to the team, to supplement the information it provides in relation toTeam Activities.]
4.8.14.4 In all cases, however, including in the case of Athletes in Team Sports:a) Each Athlete remains ultimately responsible at all times for filing accurate
and complete whereabouts and for being available for Testing at thetimes and locations specified in their whereabouts, whether they makeeach filing personally or delegate the task to a third party. When an
Athlete is subject to whereabouts requirements, whether included in a
Registered Testing Pool or Testing pool, the Athlete cannot use as adefence to avoid applicable Consequences, that they delegated such
responsibility to a third party and the third party failed to comply with theapplicable whereabouts requirements.
b) For Athletes in a Registered Testing PoolIt shall not be a defence to an allegation of a Filing Failure or Missed Test
that the Athlete delegated responsibility for filing their whereabouts
information for the relevant period to a third party and that third party failed
to file the correct information or failed to update previously-filed
information so as to ensure that the whereabouts information in the
Whereabouts Filing for the day in question was current and accurate.
[Comment to 4.8.14.4: For example, if an attempt to test an Athlete in a
Registered Testing Pool during a 60-minute time slot is unsuccessful due to athird party filing the wrong information, or failing to update previously-filed
information where the details have subsequently changed, the Athlete will still
be liable for a Whereabouts Failure. This must be the case because if anAthlete is able to blame their third party for being unavailable or inaccessible
for Testing at a location specified by their third party, then they will be able to
avoid accountability for their whereabouts for Testing. Of course, the third
party has the same interest as the Athlete in ensuring the accuracy of the
Whereabouts Filing and avoiding any Whereabouts Failures on the part of theAthlete. If the third party is a team official filing the wrong information in relation
to the Team Activity or failing to update previously filed information where thedetails of the Team Activity have subsequently changed, then the team may
be separately liable for sanction under the applicable rules of the International

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Federation or National Anti-Doping Organization for such failure. If theAthlete/s is/are in a Testing pool, then the Athlete/s will be subject to theapplicable consequences under the rules of the International Federation or
National Anti-Doping Organization.]
4.9

Coordinating with Other Anti-Doping Organizations
4.9.1

4.9.2

Anti-Doping Organizations shall coordinate their Testing efforts with the efforts of otherAnti-Doping Organizations with overlapping Testing Authority, in order to maximize theeffectiveness of those combined efforts, to avoid unnecessarily repetitive Testing ofparticular Athletes and to ensure Athletes competing at International Events are
suitably tested in advance. In particular, Anti-Doping Organizations shall:a)Consult with other relevant Anti-Doping Organizations in order to coordinate
Testing activities (including Athlete whereabouts pool selection and Test
Distribution Plans, which may include Out-of-Competition Testing in the lead up
to a major Event) and to avoid duplication. Clear agreement on roles andresponsibilities for Event Testing shall be agreed in advance in accordance with
Code Article 5.3. Where such agreement is not possible, WADA will resolve thematter in accordance with the principles set out at Annex H - Event Testing;b)Within twenty-one (21) days of Sample collection, enter the Doping Control form
into ADAMS for all Samples collectedc)Share information on whereabouts requirements on Athletes where there isoverlapping Testing Authority via ADAMSd)Share information on Athlete Biological Passport programs where there isoverlapping Testing Authority via ADAMS; ande)Share intelligence on Athletes where there is overlapping Testing Authority

Anti-Doping Organizations may contract other Anti-Doping Organizations or DelegatedThird Parties to act as a Doping Control Coordinator or Sample Collection Authority on
their behalf. In the terms of the contract, the commissioning Anti-Doping Organization(which, for these purposes, is the Testing Authority) may specify how any discretion
afforded to a Sample Collection Authority under the International Standard for Testing
and Investigations is to be exercised by the Sample Collection Authority whencollecting Samples on its behalf.
[Comment to 4.9.2: For example, the International Standard for Testing andInvestigations confers discretion as to the criteria to be used to validate the identity of
the Athlete (Article 5.3.4), as to the circumstances in which delayed reporting to the
Doping Control Station may be permitted (Article 5.4.4), as to who may be present
during the Sample Collection Session (Article 6.3.3), as to the criteria to be used toensure that each Sample collected is stored in a manner that protects its integrity,
identity and security prior to transport from the Doping Control Station (Article 8.3.1),
and as to the guidelines to be followed by the DCO in determining whether exceptional
circumstances exist that mean a Sample Collection Session should be abandoned
without collecting a Sample with a Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis (Article F.4.5)
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4.9.35.0

Anti-Doping Organizations should consult and coordinate with each other, with WADA,
and with law enforcement and other relevant authorities, in obtaining, developing andsharing information and intelligence that can be useful in informing Test distribution
planning, in accordance with Article 11.

Notification of Athletes
5.1

Objective
The objective is to ensure that an Athlete who has been selected for Testing is properly notified
with no advance notice of Sample collection as outlined in Articles 5.3.1 and 5.4.1, that therights of the Athlete are maintained, that there are no opportunities to manipulate the Sample
to be provided, and that the notification is documented.

5.2

GeneralNotification of Athletes starts when the Sample Collection Authority initiates the notification of
the selected Athlete and ends when the Athlete arrives at the Doping Control Station or whenthe Athlete’s possible Failure to Comply occurs. The main activities are:

5.3

a)

Appointment of DCOs, Chaperones and other Sample Collection Personnel sufficient toensure No Advance Notice Testing and continuous observation of Athletes notified of theirselection to provide a Sample;b)

Locating the Athlete and confirming their identity;c)

Informing the Athlete that they have been selected to provide a Sample and of their rights
and responsibilities;d)Continuously chaperoning the Athlete from the time of notification to the arrival at thedesignated Doping Control Station; ande)Documenting the notification, or notification attempt.

Requirements Prior to Notification of Athletes
5.3.1

No Advance Notice Testing shall be the method for Sample collection save in
exceptional and justifiable circumstances. The Athlete shall be the first Person notified
that they have been selected for Sample collection, except where prior contact with athird party is required as specified in Article 5.3.7. In order to ensure that Testing is
conducted on a No Advance Notice Testing basis, the Testing Authority (and the
Sample Collection Authority, if different) shall ensure that Athlete selection decisions
are only disclosed in advance of Testing to those who strictly need to know in order forsuch Testing to be conducted. Any notification to a third party shall be conducted in asecure and confidential manner so that there is no risk that the Athlete will receive any
advance notice of their selection for Sample collection. For In-Competition Testing,such notification shall occur at the end of the Competition in which the Athlete iscompeting.
[Comment to 5.3.1: Every effort should be made to ensure Event Venue or training
venue staff are not aware that Testing may take place in advance. It is not justifiable

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for a National Federation or other body to insist that it be given advance notice ofTesting of Athletes under its authority so that it can have a representative present atsuch Testing.]
5.3.2

To conduct or assist with the Sample Collection Sessions, the Sample Collection
Authority shall appoint and authorize Sample Collection Personnel who have been
trained for their assigned responsibilities, who do not have a conflict of interest in theoutcome of the Sample collection, and who are not Minors.

5.3.3

Sample Collection Personnel shall have official documentation, provided by the
Sample Collection Authority, evidencing their authority to collect a Sample from theAthlete, such as an authorization letter from the Testing Authority. DCOs shall also
carry complementary identification which includes their name and photograph (i.e.,
identification card from the Sample Collection Authority, driver’s license, health card,
passport or similar valid identification) and the expiry date of the identification.

5.3.4

The Testing Authority or otherwise the Sample Collection Authority shall establish
criteria to validate the identity of an Athlete selected to provide a Sample. This ensures
the selected Athlete is the Athlete who is notified. If the Athlete is not readily identifiable,
a third party may be asked to identify them and the details of such identification
documented.

5.3.5

The Sample Collection Authority, DCO or Chaperone, as applicable, shall establish thelocation of the selected Athlete and plan the approach and timing of notification, taking
into consideration the specific circumstances of the sport/Competition/training
session/etc. and the situation in question.

5.3.6

The Sample Collection Authority, DCO or Chaperone, as applicable, shall document
Athlete notification attempt(s) and outcome(s).

5.3.7

The Sample Collection Authority, DCO or Chaperone, as applicable, shall consider
whether a third party is required to be notified prior to notification of the Athlete; in thefollowing situations:a)Where required by an Athlete’s impairment (as provided for in Annex A Modifications for Athletes with Impairments);b)

Where the Athlete is a Minor (as provided for in Annex B - Modifications for
Athletes who are Minors);c)

Where an interpreter is required and available for the notification;d)Where required to assist Sample Collection Personnel to identify the Athlete(s) to
be tested and to notify such Athlete(s) that they are required to provide a Sample.

[Comment to 5.3.7: It is permissible to notify a third party that Testing of Minors or
Athletes with impairments will be conducted. However, there is no requirement to notify
any third party (e.g., a team doctor) of the Doping Control mission where suchassistance is not needed. Should a third party be required to be notified prior to
notification, the third party should be accompanied by the DCO or Chaperone to notify
the Athlete.]

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5.4

Requirements for Notification of Athletes
5.4.1 When initial contact is made, the Sample Collection Authority, DCO or Chaperone, asapplicable, shall ensure that the Athlete and/or a third party (if required in accordancewith Article 5.3.7) is informed:a)That the Athlete is required to undergo a Sample collection;b)

Of the authority under which the Sample collection is to be conducted;c)Of the type of Sample collection and any conditions that need to be adhered toprior to the Sample collection;d)Of the Athlete’s rights, including the right to:(i)Have a representative and, if available, an interpreter accompany them, in
accordance with Article 6.3.3(a);(ii) Ask for additional information about the Sample collection process;(iii) Request a delay in reporting to the Doping Control Station for valid reasonsin accordance with Article 5.4.4; and(iv) Request modifications as provided for in Annex A - Modifications for Athleteswith Impairments.
e)

Of the Athlete’s responsibilities, including the requirement to:(i)Remain within continuous observation of the DCO/Chaperone at all times
from the point initial contact is made by the DCO/Chaperone until thecompletion of the Sample collection procedure;(ii) Produce identification in accordance with Article 5.3.4;(iii) Comply with Sample collection procedures (and the Athlete should be
advised of the possible Consequences of a Failure to Comply); and(iv) Report immediately for Sample collection, unless there are valid reasons fora delay, as determined in accordance with Article 5.4.4.

5.4.2

f)

Of the location of the Doping Control Station;g)That should the Athlete choose to consume food or fluids prior to providing a
Sample, they do so at their own risk;h)

Not to hydrate excessively, since this may delay the production of a suitable
Sample; andi)That any urine Sample provided by the Athlete to the Sample Collection Personnel
shall be the first urine passed by the Athlete subsequent to notification.

When contact is made, the DCO/Chaperone shall:

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a)From the time of such contact until the Athlete leaves the Doping Control Station
at the end of their Sample Collection Session, keep the Athlete under observation
at all times;b)

Identify themselves to the Athlete using the documentation referred to in Article
5.3.3; andc)

Confirm the Athlete’s identity as per the criteria established in Article 5.3.4.
Confirmation of the Athlete’s identity by any other method, or failure to confirm theidentity of the Athlete, shall be documented and reported to the Testing Authority.
In cases where the Athlete’s identity cannot be confirmed as per the criteria
established in Article 5.3.4, the Testing Authority shall decide whether it isappropriate to follow up in accordance with Annex A - Review of a Possible Failure
to Comply of the International Standard for Results Management.

5.4.3

The DCO/Chaperone shall have the Athlete sign an appropriate form to acknowledge
and accept the notification. If the Athlete refuses to sign that they have been notified,or evades the notification, the DCO/Chaperone shall, if possible, inform the Athlete of
the Consequences of a Failure to Comply, and the Chaperone (if not the DCO) shallimmediately report all relevant facts to the DCO. When possible, the DCO shallcontinue to collect a Sample. The DCO shall document the facts in a detailed reportand report the circumstances to the Testing Authority. The Testing Authority shall follow
the steps prescribed in Annex A - Review of a Possible Failure to Comply of theInternational Standard for Results Management.

5.4.4

The DCO/Chaperone may at their discretion consider any reasonable third-party
request or any request by the Athlete for permission to delay reporting to the Doping
Control Station following acknowledgment and acceptance of notification, and/or toleave the Doping Control Station temporarily after arrival. The DCO/Chaperone may
grant such permission if the Athlete can be continuously chaperoned and kept undercontinuous observation during the delay. Delayed reporting to or temporary departurefrom the Doping Control Station may be permitted for the following activities:a)

For In-Competition Testing:(i)

Participation in a presentation ceremony;(ii) Fulfilment of media commitments;(iii) Competing in further Competitions;(iv) Performing a warm down;(v) Obtaining necessary medical treatment;(vi) Locating a representative and/or interpreter;(vii) Obtaining photo identification; or(viii) Any other reasonable circumstances, as determined by the DCO, taking into
account any instructions of the Testing Authority.

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b)

For Out-of-Competition Testing:(i)

Locating a representative;(ii) Completing a training session;(iii) Receiving necessary medical treatment;(iv) Obtaining photo identification; or(v) Any other reasonable circumstances, as determined by the DCO, taking into
account any instructions of the Testing Authority.

6.0

5.4.5

A DCO/Chaperone shall reject a request for delay from an Athlete if it will not be
possible for the Athlete to be continuously observed during such delay.

5.4.6

The DCO/Chaperone or other authorized Sample Collection Personnel shall document
any reasons for delay in reporting to the Doping Control Station and/or reasons forleaving the Doping Control Station that may require further investigation by the Testing
Authority.

5.4.7

If the Athlete delays reporting to the Doping Control Station other than in accordancewith Article 5.4.4 and/or any failure of the Athlete to remain under constant observation
during chaperoning but the Athlete arrives at the Doping Control Station prior to the
DCO's departure from the sample collection location, the DCO shall report a possible
Failure to Comply. If at all possible, the DCO shall proceed with collecting a Sample
from the Athlete. The Testing Authority shall investigate a possible Failure to Comply
in accordance with Annex A - Review of a Possible Failure to Comply in theInternational Standard for Results Management.

5.4.8

If Sample Collection Personnel observe any other matter with potential to compromise
the collection of the Sample, the circumstances shall be reported to and documented
by the DCO. If deemed appropriate by the DCO, the DCO shall consider if it isappropriate to collect an additional Sample from the Athlete. The Testing Authority shallinvestigate a possible Failure to Comply in accordance with Annex A - Review of a
Possible Failure to Comply in the International Standard for Results Management.

Preparing for the Sample Collection Session
6.1

Objective
To prepare for the Sample Collection Session in a manner that ensures that the session canbe conducted efficiently and effectively, including with sufficient resources e.g., personnel andequipment.

6.2

GeneralPreparing for the Sample Collection Session starts with the establishment of a system forobtaining relevant information for effective conduct of the session and ends when it isconfirmed that the Sample Collection Equipment conforms to the specified criteria. The main
activities are:

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6.3

a)

Establishing a system for collecting details regarding the Sample Collection Session;b)

Establishing criteria for who may be present during a Sample Collection Session;c)Ensuring that the Doping Control Station meets the minimum criteria prescribed in Article
6.3.2; andd)Ensuring that the Sample Collection Equipment meets the minimum criteria prescribed in
Article 6.3.4.

Requirements for Preparing for Sample Collection Session
6.3.1

The Testing Authority, Doping Control Coordinator or Sample Collection Authority shallestablish a system for obtaining all the information necessary to ensure that the
Sample Collection Session can be conducted effectively, including identifying special
requirements to meet the needs of Athletes with impairments (as provided in Annex A- Modifications for Athletes with Impairments) as well as the needs of Athletes who are
Minors (as provided in Annex B - Modifications for Athletes who are Minors).

6.3.2

The DCO shall use a Doping Control Station which, at a minimum, ensures the
Athlete's privacy and where possible is used solely as a Doping Control Station for theduration of the Sample Collection Session. The DCO shall record any significant
deviations from these criteria. Should the DCO determine the Doping Control Stationis unsuitable, they shall seek an alternative location which fulfils the minimum criteria
above.

6.3.3

The Testing Authority or Sample Collection Authority shall establish criteria for who
may be authorized to be present during the Sample Collection Session in addition to
the Sample Collection Personnel. At a minimum, the criteria shall include:a)

An Athlete’s entitlement to be accompanied by a representative and/or interpreter
during the Sample Collection Session, except when the Athlete is passing a urine
Sample;b)

The entitlement of an Athlete with an impairment to be accompanied by arepresentative as provided for in Annex A - Modifications for Athletes with
Impairments;c)

A Minor Athlete’s entitlement (as provided for in Annex B - Modifications for
Athletes who are Minors), and the witnessing DCO/Chaperone’s entitlement tohave a representative observe the witnessing DCO/Chaperone when the Minor
Athlete is passing a urine Sample, but without the representative directly
observing the passing of the Sample unless requested to do so by the Minor
Athlete;d)

A WADA-appointed observer under the WADA Independent Observer Program or
WADA auditor (where applicable); and/ore)

An authorized Person who is involved in the training of Sample Collection
Personnel or auditing the Sample Collection Authority.

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[Comment to 6.3.3 (d) and (e): The WADA observer/auditor and/or authorized
Person shall not directly observe the passing of a urine Sample]
6.3.4

The Sample Collection Authority shall only use Sample Collection Equipment systems
for urine and blood Samples which, at a minimum:a)

Have a unique numbering system, incorporated into all A and B bottles,
containers, tubes or other items used to seal the Sample and have a barcode orsimilar data code which meets the requirements of ADAMS on the applicable
Sample Collection Equipment;b)Have a Tamper-Evident sealing system;c)Ensure the identity of the Athlete is not evident from the equipment itself;d)Ensure that all equipment is clean and sealed prior to use by the Athlete;e)

Are constructed of a material and sealing system that is able to withstand thehandling conditions and environment in which the equipment will be used or
subjected to, including but not limited to transportation, Laboratory analysis andlong term frozen storage up to the period of the statute of limitations;f)

Are constructed of a material and sealing system that will;(i)

Maintain the integrity (chemical and physical properties) of the Sample for
the Analytical Testing;(ii)

Can withstand temperatures of -80°C for urine and blood and -20°C for dried
blood spots. Tests conducted to determine integrity under freezing
conditions shall use the matrix or material that will be stored in the Sample
bottles, containers or tubes i.e., urine, blood, or capillary blood applied on adried blood spot absorbent Sample support (e.g., dried blood spot cellulose
card or other equipment made of another material);(iii)

Are constructed of a material and sealing system that can withstand aminimum of three (3) freeze/thaw cycles;g)

The A and B bottles, containers and tubes shall be transparent so the Sample isvisible;h)Have a sealing system which allows verification by the Athlete and the DCO that
the Sample is correctly sealed in the A and B bottles or containers;i)Have a built-in security identification feature(s) which allows verification of theauthenticity of the equipment;j)

Are compliant with the standards published by the International Air Transport
Association (IATA) for the transport of exempt human specimens which includes
urine and/or blood Samples in order to prevent leakage during transportation by
air or are compliant with the local and international regulations for the transport ofdried blood spot Samples, if applicable;

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k)Comply with local regulatory requirements for medical devices (for blood and dried
blood spot Samples) where necessary, as well as any other applicable law or
regulation;l)Have been manufactured under the internationally recognized ISO 9001 certified
standard which includes quality control management systems;m) Can be resealed after initial opening by a Laboratory using a new unique TamperEvident sealing system with a unique numbering system to maintain the integrityof the Sample and Chain of Custody in accordance with the requirements of theInternational Standard for Laboratories for long term storage of the Sample andFurther Analysis;n)Have undergone testing by a testing institution that is independent of the
manufacturer and is ISO 17025 accredited, to validate at a minimum that theequipment meets the criteria set out in subsections b), f), g), h), i), j) and m) above;o)

Any modification to the material or sealing system of the equipment shall require
re-testing to ensure it continues to meet the stated requirements as per n) above;

For Urine Sample Collection:p)

Have the capacity to contain a minimum of 85 mL volume of urine in each A and B
bottle or container;q)

Have a visual marking on the A and B bottles or containers and the collection
vessel, indicating:

r)

(i)

the minimum volume of urine required in each A and B bottle or container as
outlined in Annex C - Collection of Urine Samples;(ii)

the maximum volume levels that allow for expansion when frozen withoutcompromising the bottle, container or the sealing system; and(iii)

the level of Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis on the collection vessel.

Include a partial Sample Tamper Evident sealing system with a unique numberingsystem to temporarily seal a Sample with an insufficient volume in accordancewith Annex E - Urine Samples – Insufficient Volume;

For Venous Blood Sample Collection:s)

Have the ability to collect, store and transport blood in separate A and B tubes andcontainers;t)

For the analysis of Prohibited Substances or Prohibited Methods in whole bloodor plasma and/or for profiling blood parameters, the A and B tubes must have thecapacity to contain a minimum of 3mL of blood and shall contain EDTA as an anticoagulant;u)

For the analysis of Prohibited Substances or Prohibited Methods in serum, the A

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and B tubes must have the capacity to contain a minimum of 5mL of blood andshall contain an inert polymeric serum separator gel and clotting activation factor;
and[Comment to 6.3.4 (t) and (u): If specific tubes have been indicated in theapplicable WADA International Standard, Technical Document or Guidelines, thenthe use of alternative tubes which meet similar criteria shall be validated with the
involvement of the relevant Laboratory(ies) and approved by WADA prior to use
for Sample collection.]v)

For the transport of blood Samples, ensure the storage and transport device
and temperature data logger meet the requirements listed in Annex I - Collection,
Storage and Transport of Blood Athlete Biological Passport Samples.

For Dried Blood Spot Sample Collection:w) A dried blood spot absorbent Sample support (e.g., dried blood spot cellulose
card) shall also be labelled if it is necessary to remove it from its container at theLaboratory to take an aliquot; andx)Allow the collection, storage and secure transportation of dried blood spots on
absorbent Sample support that can be sealed as distinct “A” and “B” Samples(Tamper Evident kit consisting of “A” and “B” containers/sub-containers and/or
storage sleeves/packages/receptacles).
[Comment to 6.3.4 (x): Due to logistical reasons at the Laboratory, it isrecommended to seal the “A” and “B” Samples in separate containers.
Transporting and/or storing “A” and “B” Samples in the same container is however
acceptable, provided that they are sealed as distinct “A” and “B” Samples.][Comment to 6.3.4: It is strongly recommended that prior to the equipment being
made commercially available to stakeholders, such equipment be distributed tothe anti-doping community, which may include Athletes, Testing Authorities,
Sample Collection Authorities, Sample Collection Personnel, and Laboratories toseek feedback and ensure the equipment is fit for purpose.]

7.0

Conducting the Sample Collection Session
7.1

Objective
To conduct the Sample Collection Session in a manner that ensures the integrity, identity andsecurity of the Sample and respects the privacy and dignity of the Athlete.

7.2

GeneralThe Sample Collection Session starts with defining overall responsibility for the conduct of the
Sample Collection Session and ends once the Sample has been collected and secured andthe Sample collection documentation is complete. The main activities are:a)

Preparing for collecting the Sample;

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7.3

7.4

b)

Collecting and securing the Sample; andc)Documenting the Sample collection.

Requirements Prior to Sample Collection
7.3.1

The Sample Collection Authority shall be responsible for the overall conduct of the
Sample Collection Session, with specific responsibilities delegated to the DCO.

7.3.2

The DCO shall ensure that the Athlete has been informed of their rights andresponsibilities as specified in Article 5.4.1.

7.3.3

The DCO/Chaperone shall advise the Athlete not to hydrate excessively, having in
mind the requirement to provide a Sample with a Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis.

7.3.4

The Anti-Doping Organization shall establish criteria regarding what items may beprohibited within the Doping Control Station. At a minimum these criteria shall prohibit
the provision of alcohol or its consumption within the Doping Control Station.

7.3.5

The Athlete shall only leave the Doping Control Station under continuous observationby the DCO or Chaperone and with the approval of the DCO. The DCO shall consider
any reasonable request by the Athlete to leave the Doping Control Station, as specified
in Articles 5.4.4, 5.4.5 and 5.4.6, until the Athlete is able to provide a Sample.

7.3.6

If the DCO gives approval for the Athlete to leave the Doping Control Station, the DCO
shall agree with the Athlete on the following conditions of leave:a)The purpose of the Athlete leaving the Doping Control Station; the time of return(or return upon completion of an agreed activity);b)That the Athlete must remain under continuous observation throughout;c)That the Athlete shall not pass urine until they arrive back at the Doping Control
Station; andd)

The DCO shall document the time of the Athlete’s departure and return.

Requirements for Sample Collection
7.4.1

The DCO shall collect the Sample from the Athlete according to the following
protocol(s) for the specific type of Sample collection:a)Annex C - Collection of Urine Samples;b)Annex D - Collection of Venous Blood Samples;c)Annex I - Collection, Storage and Transport of Blood Athlete Biological Passport
Samples;d)Annex J - Collection, Storage and Transport of Dried Blood Spot Samples; andISTI – Effective 1 January 2023

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e)Annex K - Collection of Urine Samples in a Virtual Environment during a
Pandemic.

7.4.2

Any behaviour by the Athlete and/or Persons associated with the Athlete or anomalies
with potential to compromise the Sample collection shall be recorded in detail by the
DCO. If appropriate, the Testing Authority shall apply Annex A - Review of a Possible
Failure to Comply in the International Standard for Results Management.

7.4.3

If there are doubts as to the origin or authenticity of the Sample, the Athlete shall be
asked to provide an additional Sample. If the Athlete refuses to provide an additional
Sample, the DCO shall document in detail the circumstances around the refusal, andthe Testing Authority shall apply Annex A - Review of a Possible Failure to Comply inaccordance with International Standard for Results Management.

7.4.4

The DCO shall provide the Athlete with the opportunity to document any concerns they
may have about how the Sample Collection Session was conducted.

7.4.5

The following information shall be recorded as a minimum in relation to the Sample
Collection Session:a)Date, time of notification, name and signature of notifying DCO/Chaperone;b)

Arrival time of the Athlete at the Doping Control Station and any temporary
departures and returns;c)Date and time of sealing of each Sample collected and date and time of completionof entire Sample collection process (i.e., the time when the Athlete signs thedeclaration at the bottom of the Doping Control form);d)

The name of the Athlete;e)

The date of birth of the Athlete;f)

The sport gender of the Athlete;g)

Means by which the Athlete’s identity is validated (e.g., passport, driver’s licenseor Athlete accreditation) including by a third party (who is so identified);h)

The Athlete's home address, email address and telephone number;i)

The Athlete’s sport and discipline (in accordance with the TDSSA);j)

The name of the Athlete’s coach and doctor (if applicable);k)

The Sample code number and reference to the equipment manufacturer, andwhere the Sample collected is dried blood spot, detailed information on the modelof the dried blood spot Sample Collection Equipment (e.g., catalogue number) if
the equipment manufacturer commercializes several dried blood spot Sample
collection kits;l)

The type of the Sample (urine, blood, dried blood spot etc.);

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m) The type of Testing (In-Competition or Out-of-Competition);n)

The name and signature of the witnessing DCO/Chaperone;o)

The name and signature of the BCO (where applicable);p)

Partial Sample information, as per Annex E.4.4;

q)Required Laboratory information on the Sample (i.e., for a urine Sample, its
volume and specific gravity measurement), as per Article 8.3.3;

r)Medications and supplements taken within the previous seven (7) days and(where the Sample collected is a blood Sample) blood transfusions within theprevious three (3) months, as declared by the Athlete;s)

For a blood Athlete Biological Passport Sample, the DCO/BCO shall record theinformation as outlined in Annex I - Collection, Storage and Transport of Blood
Athlete Biological Passport Samples;t)

Any irregularities in procedures, for example, if advance notice was provided;u)Athlete comments or concerns regarding the conduct of the Sample Collection
Session, as declared by the Athlete;v)

Athlete acknowledgment of the Processing of Sample collection data anddescription of such Processing in accordance with the International Standard for
the Protection of Privacy and Personal Information;w) Athlete consent or otherwise for the use of the Sample(s) for research purposes;x)

The name and signature of the Athlete’s representative (if applicable), as per
Article 7.4.6;

y)The name and signature of the Athlete;z)

The name and signature of the DCO;

aa) The name of the Testing Authority;bb) The name of the Sample Collection Authority;cc) The name of the Results Management Authority; anddd) The name of the Doping Control Coordinator (if applicable).
[Comment to 7.4.5: All of the aforementioned information does not need to beconsolidated in a single Doping Control form but rather may be collected during the
Sample Collection Session and/or on other official documentation such as a separate
notification form and/or supplementary report.]
7.4.6

At the conclusion of the Sample Collection Session, the Athlete and DCO shall sign
appropriate documentation to indicate their satisfaction that the documentation

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accurately reflects the details of the Athlete’s Sample Collection Session, including any
concerns expressed by the Athlete. The Athlete’s representative, if present and who
witnessed the proceedings, should sign the documentation.
7.4.7
8.0

The Athlete shall be offered a copy of the records of the Sample Collection Sessionthat have been signed by the Athlete whether electronically or otherwise.

Security/Post-Test Administration
8.1

Objective
To ensure that all Samples collected at the Doping Control Station and Sample collection
documentation are securely stored prior to transport from the Doping Control Station.

8.2

GeneralPost-Test administration begins when the Athlete has left the Doping Control Station after
providing their Sample(s) and ends with preparation of all of the collected Samples andSample collection documentation for transport.

8.3

Requirements for Security/Post-Test Administration
8.3.1

The Sample Collection Authority shall define criteria ensuring that each Sample
collected is stored in a manner that protects its integrity, identity and security prior totransport from the Doping Control Station. At a minimum, these criteria should include
detailing and documenting the location where Samples are stored and who hascustody of the Samples and/or is permitted access to the Samples. The DCO shallensure that any Sample is stored in accordance with these criteria.

8.3.2

The Sample Collection Authority shall develop a system for recording the Chain of
Custody of the Samples and Sample collection documentation to ensure that the
documentation for each Sample is completed and securely handled. This shall include
confirming that both the Samples and Sample collection documentation have arrived
at their intended destinations. The Laboratory shall report any irregularities to the
Testing Authority on the condition of Samples upon arrival in line with the International
Standard for Laboratories.

8.3.3

The Sample Collection Authority shall develop a system to ensure that, where required,instructions for the type of analysis to be conducted are provided to the Laboratory thatwill be conducting the analysis. In addition, the Anti-Doping Organization shall provide
the Laboratory with information as required under Article 7.4.5 c), f), i), k), l), m), q), r),w), aa), bb) and cc) for result reporting and statistical purposes and include whether
Sample retention in accordance with Article 4.7.3. is required.
[Comment to 8.3: Information as to how a Sample is stored prior to departure from the
Doping Control Station may be recorded on, for example, a DCO report. The type ofanalysis for the Laboratory may be recorded on a Chain of Custody form. ADOs canrefer to the WADA website for a DCO report and/or Chain of Custody form template.]

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9.0

Transport of Samples and Documentation
9.1

9.2

9.3

Objectivea)

To ensure that Samples and related documentation arrive at the Laboratory that will be
conducting the analysis in proper condition to do the necessary analysis; andb)

To ensure the Sample Collection Session documentation is sent by the DCO to the Testing
Authority in a secure and timely manner.

General9.2.1

Transport starts when the Samples and related documentation leave the Doping
Control Station and ends with the confirmed receipt of the Samples and Sample
Collection Session documentation at their intended destinations.

9.2.2

The main activities are arranging for the secure transport of Samples and related
documentation to the Laboratory that will be conducting the analysis and arranging forthe secure transport of the Sample Collection Session documentation to the Testing
Authority.

Requirements for Transport and Storage of Samples and Documentation
9.3.1

The Sample Collection Authority shall authorize a transport system that ensures
Samples and documentation are transported in a manner that protects their integrity,
identity and security.

9.3.2

Samples shall always be transported to the Laboratory that will be analyzing the
Samples using the Sample Collection Authority’s authorized transport method, as soon
as possible after the completion of the Sample Collection Session. Samples shall betransported in a manner which minimizes the potential for Sample degradation due tofactors such as time delays and extreme temperature variations.
[Comment to 9.3.2:
Anti-Doping Organizations should discuss transportation
requirements for particular missions (e.g., where the Sample has been collected in lessthan hygienic conditions, or where delays may occur in transporting the Samples tothe Laboratory) with the Laboratory that will be analyzing the Samples, to establish
what is necessary in the particular circumstances of such mission (e.g., refrigeration
or freezing of the Samples).]

9.3.3

Documentation identifying the Athlete shall not be included with the Samples ordocumentation sent to the Laboratory that will be analyzing the Samples.

9.3.4

The DCO shall send all relevant Sample Collection Session documentation to the
Sample Collection Authority, using the Sample Collection Authority’s authorizedtransport method (which may include electronic transmission), as soon as practicable
after the completion of the Sample Collection Session.

9.3.5

If the Samples with accompanying documentation or the Sample Collection Session
documentation are not received at their respective intended destinations, or if a
Sample’s integrity, identity or security may have been compromised during transport,

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the Sample Collection Authority shall check the Chain of Custody, and the Testing
Authority shall consider whether the Samples should be voided.
9.3.6

Documentation related to a Sample Collection Session and/or an anti-doping ruleviolation shall be stored by the Testing Authority and/or the Sample Collection Authority
for the period and other requirements specified in the International Standard for theProtection of Privacy and Personal Information.
[Comment to 9.3: While the requirements for transport and storage of Samples anddocumentation herein apply equally to all urine, blood, blood Athlete Biological
Passport and dried blood spot Samples, additional requirements for standard bloodcan be found in Annex D - Collection of Venous Blood Samples, additional
requirements for the transportation of Blood Samples for the Athlete Biological
Passport can be found in Annex I - Collection, Storage and Transport of Blood Athlete
Biological Passport Samples, and additional requirements for the transportation ofdried blood spot Samples can be found in Annex J - Collection, Storage and Transportof Dried Blood Spot Samples.]10.0 Ownership of Samples
10.1 Samples collected from an Athlete are owned by the Testing Authority for the Sample Collection
Session in question.
10.2 The Testing Authority may transfer ownership of the Samples to the Results Management
Authority or to another Anti-Doping Organization upon request.
10.3 WADA may assume Testing Authority in certain circumstances in accordance with the Codeand the International Standard for Laboratories.
10.4 Where the Testing Authority is not the Passport Custodian, the Testing Authority that initiatedand directed the Sample collection maintains the responsibility for additional Analytical Testingof the Sample. This includes the performance of further Confirmation Procedure(s) uponrequests generated automatically by the Adaptive Model of the Athlete Biological Passport in
ADAMS (e.g., GC/C/IRMS triggered by elevated T/E) or a request by the APMU (e.g.,
GC/C/IRMS requested due to abnormal secondary Markers of the urinary “longitudinal steroid
profile” or erythropoietin receptor agonists (ERAs) analysis tests due to suspicious
hematological Marker values).

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PART THREE: STANDARDS FOR INTELLIGENCE GATHERING AND INVESTIGATIONS
11.0 Gathering, Assessment and Use of Intelligence11.1 Objective
Anti-Doping Organizations shall ensure they are able to obtain, assess and process anti-doping
intelligence from all available sources, to help deter and detect doping, to inform the developmentof an effective, intelligent and proportionate Test Distribution Plan, to plan Target Testing, and to
conduct investigations as required by Code Article 5.7. The objective of Article 11 is to establish
standards for the efficient and effective gathering, assessment and processing of such intelligence
for these purposes.
[Comment to 11.1: While Testing will always remain an integral part of the anti-doping effort,
Testing alone is not sufficient to detect and establish to the requisite standard all of the anti-doping
rule violations identified in the Code. In particular, while Use of Prohibited Substances andProhibited Methods may often be uncovered by analysis of Samples, the other Code anti-doping
rule violations (and, often, Use) can usually only be effectively identified and pursued through thegathering and investigation of ‘non-analytical’ anti-doping intelligence and information. This meansthat Anti-Doping Organizations need to develop efficient and effective intelligence-gathering andinvestigation functions. WADA has devised Intelligence and Investigations Guidelines with casestudies to assist Anti-Doping Organizations to better understand the types of ‘non-analytical’
intelligence that may be available and to provide support and guidance to Signatories in their efforts
to comply with the Code and the International Standards.]
11.2 Gathering of Anti-Doping Intelligence11.2.1 Anti-Doping Organizations shall do everything in their power to ensure that they areable to capture or receive anti-doping intelligence from all available sources,
including, but not limited to, Athletes and Athlete Support Personnel (including
Substantial Assistance provided pursuant to Code Article 10.7.1) and members of
the public (e.g., by means of a confidential telephone hotline), Sample Collection
Personnel (whether via mission reports, incident reports, or otherwise), Laboratories,
pharmaceutical companies, other Anti-Doping Organizations, WADA, National
Federations, law enforcement, other regulatory and disciplinary bodies, and the
media (in all its forms).
11.2.2 Anti-Doping Organizations shall have policies and procedures in place to ensure thatanti-doping intelligence captured or received is handled securely and confidentially,that sources of intelligence are protected, that the risk of leaks or inadvertent
disclosure is properly addressed, and that intelligence shared with them by law
enforcement, other relevant authorities and/or other third parties, is processed, usedand disclosed only for legitimate anti-doping purposes.
11.3 Assessment and Analysis of Anti-Doping Intelligence11.3.1 Anti-Doping Organizations shall ensure that they are able to assess all anti-doping
intelligence upon receipt for relevance, reliability and accuracy, taking into accountthe nature of the source and the circumstances in which the intelligence has been
captured or received.

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[Comment to 11.3.1: There are various models that may be used as the basis for theassessment and analysis of anti-doping intelligence. There are also databases andcase management systems that may be used to assist in the organization,
processing, analysis and cross-referencing of such intelligence.]
11.3.2 All anti-doping intelligence captured or received by an Anti-Doping Organization
should be collated and analyzed to establish patterns, trends and relationships that
may assist the Anti-Doping Organization in developing an effective anti-doping
strategy and/or in determining (where the intelligence relates to a particular case)whether there is reasonable cause to suspect that an anti-doping rule violation may
have been committed, such that further investigation is warranted in accordance with
Article 12 and the International Standard for Results Management.
11.4 Intelligence Outcomes
11.4.1 Anti-doping intelligence shall be used to assist for the following purposes (without
limitation): developing, reviewing and revising the Test Distribution Plan and/or
determining when to conduct Target Testing, in each case in accordance with Article
4 and/or to create targeted intelligence files to be referred for investigation inaccordance with Article 12.
11.4.2 Anti-Doping Organizations should also develop and implement policies andprocedures for the sharing of intelligence (where appropriate, and subject toapplicable law) with other Anti-Doping Organizations (e.g., if the intelligence relates
to Athletes or other Persons under their authority) and/or law enforcement and/or
other relevant regulatory or disciplinary authorities (e.g., if the intelligence suggests
the possible commission of a crime or regulatory offence or breach of other rules ofconduct).
11.4.3 Anti-Doping Organizations should develop and implement policies and procedures
to facilitate and encourage confidential sources as outlined within WADA’s
Confidential Source Policy available on WADA’s website.
12.0 Investigations
12.1 Objective
The objective of Article 12 is to establish standards for the efficient and effective conduct ofinvestigations that Anti-Doping Organizations must implement under the Code, including but notlimited to:a) The investigation of Atypical Findings, Atypical Passport Findings and Adverse Passport
Findings, in accordance with the International Standard for Results Management;b) The investigation of any other analytical or non-analytical information and/or intelligence where
there is reasonable cause to suspect that an anti-doping rule violation may have beencommitted, in accordance with the International Standard for Results Management;c) The investigation of the circumstances surrounding and/or arising from an Adverse Analytical
Finding to gain further intelligence on other Persons or methods involved in doping (e.g.,interviewing the relevant Athlete); andISTI – Effective 1 January 2023

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d) Where an anti-doping rule violation by an Athlete is established, the investigation into whether
Athlete Support Personnel or other Persons may have been involved in that violation, in
accordance with Code Article 20.
12.1.1 In each case, the purpose of the investigation is to achieve one of the following either:a) to rule out the possible violation/involvement in a violation;b) to develop evidence that supports the initiation of an anti-doping rule violation
proceeding in accordance with Code Article 8; orc) to provide evidence of a breach of the Code or applicable International Standard.
12.2 Investigating Possible Anti-doping Rule Violations
12.2.1 Anti-Doping Organizations shall ensure that they are able to investigate confidentiallyand effectively any analytical or non-analytical information or intelligence thatindicates there is reasonable cause to suspect that an anti-doping rule violation may
have been committed, in accordance with the International Standard for Results
Management.
[Comment to 12.2.1: Where an attempt to collect a Sample from an Athlete produces
information indicating a possible evasion of Sample collection and/or refusal or failure
to submit to Sample collection after due notification, in violation of Code Article 2.3, or
possible Tampering or Attempted Tampering with Doping Control, in violation of Code
Article 2.5, the matter shall be investigated in accordance with the International
Standard for Results Management.]
12.2.2 The Anti-Doping Organization shall gather and record all relevant information anddocumentation as soon as possible, in order to develop that information anddocumentation into admissible and reliable evidence in relation to the possible antidoping rule violation, and/or to identify further lines of enquiry that may lead to thediscovery of such evidence. The Anti-Doping Organization shall ensure thatinvestigations are conducted fairly, objectively and impartially at all times. The
conduct of investigations, the evaluation of information and evidence identified in thecourse of that investigation, and the outcome of the investigation, shall be fully
documented.
[Comment to 12.2.2: It is important that information is provided to and gathered by
the investigating Anti-Doping Organization as quickly as possible and in as muchdetail as possible because the longer the period between the incident andinvestigation, the greater the risk that certain evidence may no longer exist.
Investigations should not be conducted with a closed mind, pursuing only one
outcome (e.g., institution of anti-doping rule violation proceedings against an Athlete
or other Person). Rather, the investigator(s) should be open to and should consider
all possible outcomes at each key stage of the investigation, and should seek togather not only any available evidence indicating that there is a case to answer but
also any available evidence indicating that there is no case to answer.]
12.2.3 The Anti-Doping Organization should make use of all investigative resources
reasonably available to it to conduct its investigation. This may include obtaining

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information and assistance from law enforcement and other relevant authorities,
including other regulators. However, the Anti-Doping Organization should also makefull use of all investigative resources at its own disposal, including the Athlete
Biological Passport program, investigative powers conferred under applicable rules(e.g., the power to demand the production of relevant documents and information,and the power to interview both potential witnesses and the Athlete or other Person
who is the subject of the investigation), and the power to suspend a period of
Ineligibility imposed on an Athlete or other Person in return for the provision of
Substantial Assistance in accordance with Code Article 10.7.1.
12.2.4 Athletes and Athlete Support Personnel are required under Code Article 21 tocooperate with investigations conducted by Anti-Doping Organizations. If they fail todo so, disciplinary action should be taken against them under applicable rules. If theirconduct amounts to subversion of the investigation process (e.g., by providing false,
misleading or incomplete information, and/or by destroying potential evidence), theAnti-Doping Organization should bring proceedings against them for violation of
Code Article 2.5 (Tampering or Attempted Tampering).
12.3 Investigation Outcomes
12.3.1 The Anti-Doping Organization shall come to a decision efficiently and without undue
delay as to whether proceedings should be brought against the Athlete or other
Person asserting commission of an anti-doping rule violation. As set out in Code
Article 13.3, if an Anti-Doping Organization fails to make such decision within areasonable deadline set by WADA, WADA may elect to appeal directly to CAS as if
the Anti-Doping Organization had rendered a decision finding that no anti-doping ruleviolation has been committed. As noted in the comment to Code Article 13.3,
however, before taking such action WADA will consult with the Anti-Doping
Organization and give it an opportunity to explain why it has not yet rendered adecision.
12.3.2 Where the Anti-Doping Organization concludes based on the results of its
investigation that proceedings should be brought against the Athlete or other Person
asserting commission of an anti-doping rule violation, it shall give notice of thatdecision in the manner set out in the International Standard for Results Management
and shall bring forward the proceedings against the Athlete or other Person inquestion in accordance with Code Article 8.
12.3.3 Where the Anti-Doping Organization concludes, based on the results of its
investigation, that proceedings should not be brought forward against the Athlete orother Person asserting commission of an anti-doping rule violation:
12.3.3.1 It shall notify WADA and the Athlete’s or other Person’s International
Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization in writing of thatdecision, with reasons, in accordance with Code Article 14.1.4.
12.3.3.2 It shall provide such other information about the investigation as isreasonably required by WADA and/or the International Federation and/or
National Anti-Doping Organization in order to determine whether toappeal against that decision.

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12.3.3.3 In any event, it shall consider whether any of the intelligence obtained
and/or lessons learned during the investigation should be used to informthe development of its Test Distribution Plan and/or to plan Target
Testing, and/or should be shared with any other body in accordance with
Article 11.4.2.

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ANNEX A - MODIFICATIONS FOR ATHLETES WITH IMPAIRMENTS
A.1.

Objective
To ensure, where possible, that the particular needs of Athletes with impairments are considered
in relation to the provision of a Sample without compromising the integrity of the Sample Collection
Session.

A.2.

Scope
Determining whether modifications are necessary starts with identification of situations whereSample collection involves Athletes with impairments and ends with modifications to Sample
collection procedures and equipment where necessary and where possible.

A.3.

A.4.

Responsibility
A.3.1

The Testing Authority or Sample Collection Authority (as applicable) has responsibility
for ensuring, when possible, that the DCO has any information and Sample Collection
Equipment necessary to conduct a Sample Collection Session with an Athlete with animpairment, including details of such impairment that may affect the procedure to befollowed in conducting a Sample Collection Session.

A.3.2

The DCO has responsibility for Sample collection.

Requirements
A.4.1.

All aspects of notification and Sample collection for Athletes with impairments shall be
carried out in accordance with the standard notification and Sample collection procedures
unless modifications are necessary due to the Athlete’s impairment.
[Comment to A.4.1: The Testing Authority in the case of an Athlete with an intellectual
impairment, shall decide whether to obtain consent to Testing from their representativeand inform the Sample Collection Authority and Sample Collection Personnel.]

A.4.2.

In planning or arranging Sample collection, the Sample Collection Authority and DCO
shall consider whether there will be any Sample collection for Athletes with impairmentsthat may require modifications to the standard procedures for notification or Sample
collection, including Sample Collection Equipment and Doping Control Station.

A.4.3.

The Sample Collection Authority and DCO shall have the authority to make modifications
as the situation requires when possible and as long as such modifications will notcompromise the integrity, identity, and security of the Sample. The DCO shall consult the
Athlete in order to determine what modifications may be necessary for the Athlete’s
impairment. All such modifications shall be documented.

A.4.4.

An Athlete with an intellectual, physical or sensorial impairment may be assisted by the
Athlete’s representative or Sample Collection Personnel during the Sample Collection
Session where authorized by the Athlete and agreed to by the DCO.

A.4.5.

The DCO may decide that alternative Sample Collection Equipment or an alternative
Doping Control Station will be used when required to enable the Athlete to provide the

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Sample, as long as the Sample’s integrity, identity and security will not be affected.
A.4.6.

Athletes who are using urine collection or drainage systems are required to eliminate
existing urine from such systems before providing a urine Sample for analysis. Where
possible, the existing urine collection or drainage system should be replaced with a new,unused catheter or drainage system prior to collection of the Sample.

A.4.7.

Should an Athlete require any additional equipment in order to be able to provide a
Sample, including but not limited to catheters and drainage systems, it is the sole
responsibility of the Athlete to have the necessary equipment available for this purpose
and understand how to use it.

A.4.8.

For Athletes with vision or intellectual impairments, the DCO and/or Athlete may
determine if they shall have a representative present during the Sample Collection
Session. During the Sample Collection Session, a representative of the Athlete and/or arepresentative of the DCO may observe the witnessing DCO/Chaperone while the Athlete
is passing the urine Sample. This representative or these representatives may notdirectly observe the passing of the urine Sample, unless requested to do so by the
Athlete.

A.4.9.

The DCO shall record modifications made to the standard Sample collection proceduresfor Athletes with impairments, including any applicable modifications specified in theabove actions.

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ANNEX B - MODIFICATIONS FOR ATHLETES WHO ARE MINORS
B.1

Objective
To ensure, where possible, that the particular needs of Athletes who are Minors are met in relation
to the provision of a Sample, without compromising the integrity of the Sample Collection Session.

B.2

Scope
Determining whether modifications are necessary starts with identification of situations whereSample collection involves Athletes who are Minors and ends with modifications to Sample
collection procedures where necessary and where possible.

B.3

Responsibility
B.3.1 The Testing Authority has responsibility for ensuring, when possible, that the Sample
Collection Authority and/or the DCO has any information necessary to conduct a Sample
Collection Session with an Athlete who is a Minor. This includes confirming wherevernecessary, the parental consent for Testing any participating Athlete who is a Minor.
B.3.2 Where Sample collection involves an Athlete who is a Minor, the Testing Authority and/or
the Sample Collection Authority shall assign, at a minimum, two Sample Collection
Personnel to the Sample Collection Session. Sample Collection Personnel shall be
informed, in advance, that Sample collection involves (or may involve) Athletes who are
Minors.
[Comment to B.3.2: For clarity, the two Sample Collection Personnel may be two DCOs
or a DCO and a BCO or a DCO and a Chaperone. The two Sample Collection Personnel
shall always be present in the Doping Control Station for Sample Collection Sessions
involving an Athlete who is a Minor.]
B.3.3 The DCO has responsibility for Sample collection.

B.4

Requirements
B.4.1 All aspects of notification and Sample collection for Athletes who are Minors shall be
carried out in accordance with the standard notification and Sample collection procedures
unless modifications are necessary due to the Athlete being a Minor.
B.4.2 The Sample Collection Authority and the DCO shall have the authority to makemodifications as the situation requires as long as such modifications will not compromise
the integrity, identity and security of the Sample. All such modifications shall be
documented.
B.4.3 Athletes who are Minors should be notified in the presence of an Athlete representative(who is not a Minor) and should also be accompanied by a representative throughout theentire Sample Collection Session.
[Comment to B.4.3: It is recommended that an Athlete who is a Minor be accompanied by
an Athlete representative. Reasonable efforts should be made by the Sample Collection
Personnel to encourage the Athlete who is a Minor to have an Athlete representative
throughout the Sample Collection Session and to assist the Athlete in locating one. In

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situations where the Athlete is unable to locate a representative then two Sample
Collection Personnel shall always accompany the Athlete until their Sample Collection
Session is completed, however, if an Athlete representative is located and present with
the Athlete, the second Sample Collection Personnel is not required to accompany the
Athlete with the exception of when the Athlete is ready to provide a Sample in accordancewith the procedures outlined in Annex B.4.5.]
B.4.4 Should an Athlete who is a Minor decline to have a representative present during thecollection of a Sample, this does not invalidate the Test but shall be clearly documented
by the DCO. Any follow up action taken by the DCO and/or Chaperone to encourage andassist the Athlete in locating a representative should also be documented.
B.4.5 The representative of the Athlete who is a Minor, if present, shall only observe the
DCO/Chaperone during the passing of the urine Sample, unless requested by the Athlete
who is a Minor to observe the passing of the urine Sample directly. The second memberof the Sample Collection Personnel shall only observe the DCO/Chaperone and shall not
directly observe the passing of the Sample.
B.4.6 The preferred venue for all Out-of-Competition Testing of the Athlete who is a Minor is alocation where the presence of an Athlete representative (who is not a Minor) is most likely
to be available for the duration of the Sample Collection Session, e.g., a training venue.

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ANNEX C - COLLECTION OF URINE SAMPLES
C.1

Objective
To collect an Athlete’s urine Sample in a manner that ensures:a) Consistency with relevant principles of internationally recognized standard precautions inhealthcare settings so that the health and safety of the Athlete and Sample Collection
Personnel are not compromised;b) The Sample meets the Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis and the Suitable Volume of Urine
for Analysis. Failure of a Sample to meet these requirements in no way invalidates thesuitability of the Sample for analysis. The determination of a Sample’s suitability for analysis is
the decision of the relevant Laboratory, in consultation with the Testing Authority for the Sample
Collection Session in question.
[Comment to C.1 (b): The measurements taken in the field for Suitable Specific Gravity for
Analysis and the Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis are preliminary in nature, to assess
whether the Sample meets the requirements for analysis. It is possible there could bediscrepancies between the field readings and the final Laboratory readings due to the precisionof the Laboratory equipment. The Laboratory reading will be considered final, and suchdiscrepancies (if any) shall not constitute a basis for Athletes to seek to invalidate or otherwise
challenge an Adverse Analytical Finding.]c) the Sample has not been manipulated, substituted, contaminated or otherwise tampered within any way;d) the Sample is clearly and accurately identified; ande) the Sample is securely sealed in a Tamper Evident kit.

C.2

Scope
The collection of a urine Sample begins with ensuring the Athlete is informed of the Sample
collection requirements and ends with discarding any residual urine remaining at the end of theAthlete’s Sample Collection Session.

C.3

Responsibility
C.3.1 The DCO has the responsibility for ensuring that each Sample is properly collected,
identified and sealed.
C.3.2 The DCO/Chaperone has the responsibility for directly witnessing the passing of the urine
Sample.

C.4

Requirements
C.4.1 The DCO shall ensure that the Athlete is informed of the requirements of the Sample
Collection Session, including any modifications as provided for in Annex A - Modifications
for Athletes with Impairments and/or in Annex B - Modifications for Athletes who are
Minors.

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C.4.2 The DCO shall ensure that the Athlete is offered a choice of Sample collection vessels forcollecting the Sample. If the nature of an Athlete’s impairment requires that they must use
additional or other equipment as provided for in Annex A - Modifications for Athletes with
Impairments, the DCO shall inspect that equipment to ensure that it will not affect the
integrity, identity or security of the Sample.
C.4.3 When the Athlete selects a collection vessel, and for selection of all other Sample
Collection Equipment that directly holds the urine Sample, the DCO will instruct the Athlete
to check that all seals on the selected equipment are intact and the equipment has notbeen tampered with. If the Athlete is not satisfied with the selected equipment, they may
select another. If the Athlete is not satisfied with any of the equipment available forselection, this shall be recorded by the DCO. If the DCO does not agree with the Athletethat all of the equipment available for the selection is unsatisfactory, the DCO shall instruct
the Athlete to proceed with the Sample Collection Session. If the DCO agrees with the
Athlete that all of the equipment available for the selection is unsatisfactory, the DCO shallterminate the urine Sample collection, and this shall be recorded by the DCO.
C.4.4 The Athlete shall retain control of the collection vessel and any Sample provided until the
Sample (or partial Sample) is sealed, unless assistance is required by reason of an
Athlete’s impairment as provided for in Annex A - Modifications for Athletes with
Impairments. Additional assistance may be provided in exceptional circumstances to any
Athlete by the Athlete’s representative or Sample Collection Personnel during the Sample
Collection Session where authorized by the Athlete and agreed to by the DCO.
C.4.5 The DCO/Chaperone who witnesses the passing of the Sample shall be of the samegender as the Athlete providing the Sample and where applicable, based on the genderof the Event the Athlete competed in.
C.4.6 The DCO/Chaperone shall, where practicable, ensure the Athlete thoroughly washes theirhands with water only prior to the provision of the Sample or wears suitable (e.g.,
disposable) gloves during provision of the Sample.
C.4.7 The DCO/Chaperone and Athlete shall proceed to an area of privacy to collect a Sample.
C.4.8 The DCO/Chaperone shall ensure an unobstructed view of the Sample leaving theAthlete’s body and shall continue to observe the Sample after provision until the Sample
is securely sealed. In order to ensure a clear and unobstructed view of the passing of the
Sample, the DCO/Chaperone shall instruct the Athlete to remove or adjust any clothingwhich restricts the DCO’s/Chaperone’s clear view of Sample provision.
C.4.9 The DCO/Chaperone shall ensure that urine passed by the Athlete is collected in thecollection vessel to its maximum capacity and thereafter the Athlete is encouraged to fully
empty their bladder into the toilet. The DCO shall verify, in full view of the Athlete, that theSuitable Volume of Urine for Analysis has been provided.
C.4.10 Where the volume of urine provided by the Athlete is insufficient, the DCO shall follow thepartial Sample collection procedure set out in Annex E - Urine Samples - Insufficient
Volume.

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C.4.11 Once the volume of urine provided by the Athlete is sufficient, the DCO shall instruct the
Athlete to select a Sample collection kit containing A and B bottles or containers inaccordance with Annex C.4.3.
C.4.12 Once a Sample collection kit has been selected, the DCO and the Athlete shall check that
all Sample code numbers match and that this code number is recorded accurately by the
DCO on the Doping Control form. If the Athlete or DCO finds that the numbers are not thesame, the DCO shall instruct the Athlete to choose another kit in accordance with Annex
C.4.3. The DCO shall record the matter.
C.4.13 The Athlete shall pour the minimum Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis into the B bottle
or container (to a minimum of 30 mL), and then pour the remainder of the urine into the A
bottle or container (to a minimum of 60 mL). The Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis
shall be viewed as an absolute minimum. If more than the minimum Suitable Volume ofUrine for Analysis has been provided, the DCO shall ensure that the Athlete fills the A
bottle or container to capacity as per the recommendation of the equipment manufacturer.
Should there still be urine remaining, the DCO shall ensure that the Athlete fills the B bottle
or container to capacity as per the recommendation of the equipment manufacturer. The
DCO shall instruct the Athlete to ensure that a small amount of urine is left in the collection
vessel, explaining that this is to enable the DCO to test the residual urine in accordancewith Annex C.4.15.
C.4.14 The Athlete shall then seal the A and B bottles or containers as directed by the DCO. The
DCO shall check, in full view of the Athlete, that the bottles or containers have been
properly sealed.
C.4.15 The DCO shall test the residual urine in the collection vessel to determine if the Sample
has a Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis. If the DCO’s field reading indicates that the
Sample does not have a Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis, then the DCO shall follow
Annex F - Urine Samples that do not meet the requirement for Suitable Specific Gravity
for Analysis.
C.4.16 Urine should only be discarded when both the A and B bottles or containers have been
sealed and the residual urine has been tested in accordance with Annex C.4.15.
C.4.17 The Athlete shall be given the option of witnessing the discarding of any residual urinethat will not be sent for analysis.

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ANNEX D - COLLECTION OF VENOUS BLOOD SAMPLES
D.1

Objective
To collect an Athlete’s blood Sample by venipuncture in a manner that ensures:a) Consistency with relevant principles of internationally recognized standard precautions inhealthcare settings, and is collected by a suitably qualified Person, so that the health and safetyof the Athlete and Sample Collection Personnel are not compromised;b) The Sample is of a quality and quantity that meets the relevant analytical guidelines andrequirements defined by the Laboratory;c) The Sample has not been manipulated, substituted, contaminated or otherwise tampered within any way;d) The Sample is clearly and accurately identified; ande) The Sample is securely sealed in a Tamper Evident kit.

D.2

Scope
The requirements of this Annex apply to venous blood Samples collected for the purposes of
specific analysis and/or all modules of the Athlete Biological Passport. The collection of a venous
blood Sample begins with ensuring the Athlete is informed of the Sample collection requirements
and ends with properly storing the Sample prior to transport to the Laboratory that will be analyzing
the Sample.
[Comment to D.2: Additional requirements applicable only to whole blood Samples collected forthe hematological module of the Athlete Biological Passport are contained in Annex I - Collection,
Storage and Transport of Blood Athlete Biological Passport Samples and, requirements for dried
blood spot Samples are contained in Annex J - Collection, Storage and Transport of Dried Blood
Spot Samples.]D.3

Responsibility
D.3.1 The DCO has the responsibility for ensuring that:

D.3.2

D.4

a)

Each Sample is properly collected, identified and sealed; andb)

All Samples have been properly stored and dispatched in accordance with therelevant analytical guidelines.

The BCO has the responsibility for collecting the blood Sample, answering related
questions during the provision of the Sample, and proper disposal of used blood sampling
equipment not required to complete the Sample Collection Session.

Requirements
D.4.1

Procedures involving blood shall be consistent with the local standards and regulatory
requirements regarding precautions in healthcare settings where those standards andrequirements exceed the requirements set out below.

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D.4.2

Blood Sample Collection Equipment shall consist of:a)Collection tube(s); and/orb)

A and B bottles/containers for the secure transportation of collection tube(s); and/orc)Unique labels for collection tube(s) with a Sample code number; and/ord)Such other types of equipment to be used in connection with the collection of bloodas set out in Article 6.3.4 and WADA's Guidelines for Sample Collection.

D.4.3 The DCO shall ensure that the Athlete is properly notified of the requirements of the
Sample collection, including any modifications as provided for in Annex A - Modifications
for Athletes with Impairments.
D.4.4 The DCO/Chaperone and Athlete shall proceed to the area where the Sample will be
provided.
D.4.5 The DCO/BCO shall ensure the Athlete is offered comfortable conditions and shall instruct
the Athlete to remain in an upright, stationary seated position with feet on the floor for atleast 10 minutes prior to providing a blood Sample. If the Athlete’s feet cannot reach thefloor and/or the Athlete’s impairment does not allow feet on the floor, the Athlete shallremain in an upright, stationary seated position.
D.4.6 The DCO/BCO shall instruct the Athlete to select the Sample Collection Equipment
required for collecting the Sample and to check that the selected equipment has not been
tampered with and any seals are intact. If the Athlete is not satisfied with the selected
equipment, they may select another. If the Athlete is not satisfied with any equipment andno other is available, this shall be recorded by the DCO. If the DCO does not agree with
the Athlete that all of the available equipment is unsatisfactory, the DCO shall instruct the
Athlete to proceed with the Sample Collection Session. If the DCO agrees with the Athletethat all available equipment is unsatisfactory, the DCO shall terminate the blood Sample
collection, and this shall be recorded by the DCO.
D.4.7 When a Sample collection kit has been selected, the DCO and the Athlete shall check that
all Sample code numbers match and that this Sample code number is recorded accuratelyby the DCO on the Doping Control form. If the Athlete or DCO finds that the numbers are
not the same, the DCO shall instruct the Athlete to choose another kit. The DCO shallrecord the matter. If the collection tube(s) are not pre-labelled, the DCO/BCO shall label
them with a unique Sample code number prior to the blood being drawn and the Athlete
shall check that the code numbers match.
D.4.8 The BCO shall assess the most suitable location for venipuncture that is unlikely toadversely affect the Athlete or their performance. This should be the non-dominant arm,
unless the BCO assesses the other arm to be more suitable. The BCO shall clean the skinwith a sterile disinfectant wipe or swab and, if required apply a tourniquet. The BCO shalltake the blood Sample from a superficial vein into the tube. The tourniquet, if applied, shallbe immediately removed after the venipuncture has been made.

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D.4.9 The amount of blood removed shall be adequate to satisfy the relevant analyticalrequirements for the Sample analysis to be performed, as set out in WADA’s Guidelines
for Sample Collection.
D.4.10 If the amount of blood that can be removed from the Athlete at the first attempt is
insufficient, the BCO shall repeat the procedure up to a maximum of three (3) attempts intotal. Should all three (3) attempts fail to produce a sufficient amount of blood, then the
BCO shall inform the DCO. The DCO shall terminate the blood Sample collection andrecord the reasons for terminating.
D.4.11 The BCO shall apply a dressing to the puncture site(s).
D.4.12 The BCO shall dispose of used blood sampling equipment not required to complete theSample Collection Session in accordance with the required local standards for handling
blood.
D.4.13 After the blood flow into the tube ceases, the BCO shall remove the tube from the holder
and homogenize the blood in the tube manually by inverting the tube gently at least three(3) times). The Athlete shall remain in the blood collection area and observe their Sample
until it is sealed in a Tamper Evident kit.
D.4.14 The Athlete shall seal their Sample into a Tamper Evident kit as directed by the DCO. In
full view of the Athlete, the DCO shall check that the sealing is satisfactory. The Athlete
and the BCO/DCO shall sign the Doping Control form.
D.4.15 The sealed Sample shall be stored in a manner that protects its integrity, identity andsecurity prior to transport from the Doping Control Station to the Laboratory that will beanalyzing the Sample.
D.4.16 Blood Samples shall be transported in accordance with Article 9 and WADA’s Guidelines
for Sample Collection. The transport procedure is the responsibility of the DCO. Blood
Samples shall be transported in a device that maintains the integrity of Samples over time,in a cool and constant environment, measured by a temperature data logger
notwithstanding changes in external temperature. The transport device shall betransported by secure means using a method authorized by the Testing Authority or
Sample Collection Authority.

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ANNEX E - URINE SAMPLES - INSUFFICIENT VOLUME
E.1

Objective
To ensure that where a Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis is not provided, appropriate
procedures are followed.

E.2

Scope
The procedure begins with informing the Athlete that the Sample that they have provided is not of
Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis and ends with the Athlete’s provision of a Sample ofsufficient volume.

E.3

Responsibility
The DCO has the responsibility for declaring the Sample volume insufficient and for collecting theadditional Sample(s) to obtain a combined Sample of sufficient volume.

E.4

Requirements
E.4.1 If the Sample collected is of insufficient volume, the DCO shall inform the Athlete that afurther Sample shall be collected to meet the Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis
requirements.
E.4.2 The DCO shall instruct the Athlete to select partial Sample Collection Equipment inaccordance with Annex C.4.3.
E.4.3 The DCO shall then instruct the Athlete to open the relevant equipment, pour the
insufficient Sample into the new container (unless the Sample Collection Authority’s
procedures permit retention of the insufficient Sample in the original collection vessel) andseal it using a partial Sample sealing system, as directed by the DCO. The DCO shallcheck, in full view of the Athlete, that the container (or original collection vessel, if
applicable) has been properly sealed.
E.4.4 The DCO shall record the partial Sample number and the volume of the insufficient Sample
on the Doping Control form and confirm its accuracy with the Athlete. The DCO shall retain
control of the sealed partial Sample.
E.4.5 While waiting to provide an additional Sample, the Athlete shall remain under continuous
observation and be given the opportunity to hydrate in accordance with Article 7.3.3.
E.4.6 When the Athlete is able to provide an additional Sample, the procedures for collection of
the Sample shall be repeated as prescribed in Annex C - Collection of Urine Samples,
until a sufficient volume of urine will be provided by combining the initial and additional
Sample(s).
E.4.7 Following each Sample provided, the DCO and Athlete shall check the integrity of theseal(s) on the container(s) containing the previously provided partial Sample(s). Any
irregularity with the integrity of the seal(s) will be recorded by the DCO and investigatedaccording to Annex A - Review of a Possible Failure to Comply of the International
Standard for Results Management. The DCO may request that an additional Sample is

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collected from the Athlete. A refusal to provide a further Sample if requested, where theminimum requirements for Sample collection volume are not met, shall be recorded by the
DCO and dealt with as a potential Failure to Comply in accordance with the International
Standard for Results Management.
E.4.8 The DCO shall then direct the Athlete to break the seal(s) and combine the Samples,
ensuring that additional Samples are added in the order they were collected to the original
partial Sample until, as a minimum, the requirement for Suitable Volume of Urine forAnalysis is met.
E.4.9 The DCO and the Athlete shall then continue with Annex C.4.12 or Annex C.4.14 asappropriate.

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ANNEX F - URINE SAMPLES THAT DO NOT MEET THE REQUIREMENT FOR SUITABLE SPECIFICGRAVITY FOR ANALYSIS
F.1

Objective
To ensure that when the urine Sample does not meet the requirement for Suitable Specific Gravity
for Analysis, appropriate procedures are followed.

F.2

Scope
The procedure begins with the DCO informing the Athlete that a further Sample is required andends with the collection of a Sample that meets the requirements for Suitable Specific Gravity for
Analysis, or appropriate follow-up action by the Testing Authority if required.

F.3

Responsibility
F.3.1 The Sample Collection Authority is responsible for establishing procedures to ensure thata suitable Sample is collected, if the original Sample collected does not meet therequirement for Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis.
F.3.2 The DCO is responsible for collecting additional Samples until a suitable Sample isobtained.

F.4

Requirements
F.4.1 The DCO shall determine that the requirements for Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis
have not been met.
F.4.2 The DCO shall inform the Athlete that they are required to provide a further Sample.
F.4.3 While waiting to provide a further Sample, the Athlete shall remain under continuous
observation and shall be advised not to hydrate, since this may delay the production of asuitable Sample. In appropriate circumstances, further hydration after the provision of an
unsuitable Sample may be pursued as a violation of Code Article 2.5.
[Comment to F.4.3: It is the responsibility of the Athlete to provide a Sample with a Suitable
Specific Gravity for Analysis. Sample Collection Personnel shall advise the Athlete andAthlete Support Personnel as appropriate of this requirement at the time of notification inorder to discourage excessive hydration prior to the provision of the Athlete’s first Sample.
If the Athlete’s first Sample does not have a Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis, theyshall be advised to not hydrate any further until a Sample with a Suitable Specific Gravity
for Analysis is provided.]
F.4.4 When the Athlete is able to provide an additional Sample, the DCO shall repeat theprocedures for Sample collection set out in Annex C - Collection of Urine Samples.
F.4.5 The DCO shall continue to collect additional Samples until the requirement for Suitable
Specific Gravity for Analysis is met, or until the DCO determines that there are exceptional
circumstances which mean it is impossible to continue with the Sample Collection
Session. Such exceptional circumstances shall be documented accordingly by the DCO.

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[Comment to F.4.5: Sample Collection Authorities and DCOs should ensure they haveadequate equipment to comply with the requirements of Annex F. The DCO should wait
as long as necessary to collect such additional Sample(s) with a Suitable Specific Gravity
for Analysis. The Testing Authority may specify procedures to be followed by the DCO in
determining whether exceptional circumstances exist that make it impossible to continue
with the Sample Collection Session.]
F.4.6 The DCO shall record that the Samples collected belong to a single Athlete and theorder in which the Samples were provided.
F.4.7 The DCO shall then continue with the Sample Collection Session in accordance with
Annex C.4.17.
F.4.8 The DCO shall send to the Laboratory for analysis all Samples which were collected,
irrespective of whether or not they meet the requirement for Suitable Specific Gravity for
Analysis.
F.4.9 When two (2) Samples are collected from an Athlete, during the same Sample Collection
Session, both Samples shall be analyzed by the Laboratory. In cases where three (3) ormore Samples are collected during the same Sample Collection Session, the Laboratory
shall prioritize and analyze the first and the subsequent collected Sample with the highest
specific gravity, as recorded on the Doping Control form. The Laboratory, in conjunction
with the Testing Authority, may determine if the other Samples need to be analyzed.

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ANNEX G - SAMPLE COLLECTION PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
G.1

Objective
To ensure that Sample Collection Personnel have no conflict of interest and have adequate
qualifications and experience to conduct Sample Collection Sessions.

G.2

Scope
Sample Collection Personnel requirements start with the development of the necessarycompetencies for Sample Collection Personnel and end with the provision of identifiableaccreditation.

G.3

Responsibility
The Sample Collection Authority has the responsibility for all activities defined in this Annex.

G.4

Requirements - Qualifications and Training
G.4.1 The Sample Collection Authority shall:a)Determine the necessary competence, eligibility and qualification requirements forthe positions of DCO, Chaperone and BCO; andb)

Develop duty statements for all Sample Collection Personnel that outline theirrespective responsibilities. As a minimum:i)

Sample Collection Personnel shall not be Minors; andii) BCOs shall have adequate qualifications and practical skills required to perform
blood collection from a vein.
G.4.2 The Sample Collection Authority shall ensure that Sample Collection Personnel sign anagreement dealing with conflicts of interest, confidentiality and code of conduct.
G.4.3 Sample Collection Personnel shall not be appointed to a Sample Collection Session where
they have an interest in the outcome of a Sample Collection Session. At a minimum,
Sample Collection Personnel are deemed to have such an interest if they are:a)

Involved in the participation or administration of the sport at the level for which
Testing is being conducted;b)

Related to, or involved in the personal affairs of, any Athlete who might provide a
Sample at that Sample Collection Session;c)

Have family members actively involved in the daily activities of the sport at the level
for which Testing is being conducted (e.g., administration, coaching, training,
officiating, competitor, medical);d)

Are engaged in business with, have a financial interest in or personal stake in a
sport that has Athletes who are subject to Testing;

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e)Are drawing or likely to draw personal and/or professional gain or advantage
directly or indirectly from a third party due to their own decisions taken in thefulfillment of their official functions; and/orf)Appear to have private or personal interests that detract from their ability to performtheir duties with integrity in an independent and purposeful manner.

G.4.4 The Sample Collection Authority shall establish a system that ensures that Sample
Collection Personnel are adequately trained to carry out their duties.

G.5

G.4.4.1

The training program for BCOs shall include, as a minimum, studies of all
relevant requirements of the Testing process and familiarization with relevant
standard precautions in healthcare settings.

G.4.4.2

The training program for DCOs shall include, as a minimum:a)Comprehensive theoretical training in those Doping Control activities
relevant to the DCO position;b)

Observation of all Sample Collection Session activities that are theresponsibility of the DCO as set out in this International Standard for
Testing and Investigations, preferably on-site; andc)

The satisfactory performance of one complete Sample Collection
Session on-site under observation by a qualified DCO or similar. The
requirement related to the actual passing of a urine Sample shall not be
included in the on-site observations.

G.4.4.3

The training program for Chaperones shall include all relevant requirements of
the Sample Collection Session including but not limited to situations dealing
with Failure to Comply, Athletes who are Minors and/or Athletes with
impairments.

G.4.4.4

A Sample Collection Authority that collects Samples from Athletes who are ofa different nationality to its Sample Collection Personnel (e.g., at an
International Event or in an Out-of-Competition context) should ensure thatsuch Sample Collection Personnel are adequately trained to carry out theirduties in respect of such Athletes.

G.4.4.5

The Sample Collection Authority shall maintain records of education, training,skills and experience of all Sample Collection Personnel.

Requirements - Accreditation, Re-Accreditation and Delegation
G.5.1 The Sample Collection Authority shall establish a system for accrediting and re-accrediting
Sample Collection Personnel.
G.5.2 The Sample Collection Authority shall ensure that Sample Collection Personnel havecompleted the training program and are familiar with the requirements of this International
Standard for Testing and Investigations (including, where G.4.4.4 applies, in relation to

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the collection of Samples from Athletes who are of a different nationality than the Sample
Collection Personnel) before granting accreditation.
G.5.3 Accreditation shall only be valid for a maximum of two (2) years. Sample Collection
Personnel shall be subject to an assessment (theoretical and/or practical) before being reaccredited and shall be required to repeat a full training program if they have notparticipated in Sample collection activities within the year prior to re-accreditation.
G.5.4 Only Sample Collection Personnel who have an accreditation recognized by the Sample
Collection Authority shall be authorized to conduct Sample collection activities on behalfof the Sample Collection Authority.
G.5.5 The Sample Collection Authority shall develop a system to monitor the performance ofSample Collection Personnel during the period of accreditation, including defining andimplementing criteria for revoking accreditation.
G.5.6 DCOs may personally perform any activities involved in the Sample Collection Session,
with the exception of blood collection unless particularly qualified, or they may direct a
Chaperone to perform specified activities that fall within the scope of the Chaperone’s
authorized duties as determined by the Sample Collection Authority.
[Comment to G.5.6: Due to the absence of venipuncture during dried blood spot collection,in many jurisdictions, dried blood spot Samples may be collected by a DCO without theneed for a specialized BCO if standard precautions in healthcare settings are followed andthe DCO is suitably trained in accordance with Annex J.3.]

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ANNEX H - EVENT TESTING
H.1

Objective
To ensure there is a procedure to follow when a request is made by an Anti-Doping Organization
for permission to conduct Testing at an Event where they have been unable to reach agreementon such Testing with the ruling body of the Event. WADA’s objective in considering such requests
is to:

H.2

a)Encourage collaboration and coordination between different Anti-Doping Organizations to
optimize the effectiveness of their respective Testing programs;b)

Ensure that each Anti-Doping Organization’s responsibilities are properly managed; andc)

Avoid creating operational disturbance and harassment for Athletes.

Scope
The procedure starts with the Anti-Doping Organization that is not responsible for initiating or
directing Testing at an Event contacting the ruling body of the Event in writing to seek permission
to conduct Testing and ends with WADA issuing a decision as to who shall be responsible toconduct Testing at the Event.

H.3

Responsibility
Both Anti-Doping Organizations seeking permission to conduct Testing at an Event and the rulingbody of the Event should collaborate and where possible coordinate Testing at the Event.
However, if this is not possible, then both Anti-Doping Organizations are required to submit theirreasonings to WADA within the timeframes outlined. WADA then has the responsibility ofreviewing the circumstances and issuing a decision in accordance with the procedures set out inthis Annex.

H.4

Requirements
Any Anti-Doping Organization that is not responsible for initiating and directing Testing at an Eventin accordance with Code Article 5.3.2, but which nevertheless desires to conduct Testing at such
Event shall, prior to contacting WADA, request such permission from the ruling body of the Eventin written form with full supporting reasons.
H.4.1

Such request shall be sent to the ruling body at least thirty-five (35) days prior to thebeginning of the Event (i.e., thirty-five (35) days prior to the beginning of the InCompetition period as defined by the rules of the International Federation in charge ofthat sport).

H.4.2

If the ruling body refuses or does not respond within seven (7) days from receipt of therequest, the requesting Anti-Doping Organization may send to WADA (with a copy to theruling body) a written request with full supporting reasons, a clear description of thesituation, and all the relevant correspondence between the ruling body and the requestingAnti-Doping Organization. Such request must be received by WADA no later than twentyone (21) days prior to the beginning of the Event.

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H.4.3

Upon receipt of such request, WADA will immediately ask the ruling body for its positionon the request and the grounds for its refusal. The ruling body shall send WADA ananswer within seven (7) days of receipt of WADA’s request.

H.4.4

Upon receipt by WADA of the ruling body’s answer, or if no answer is provided by theruling body within the seven (7) days, WADA will render a reasoned decision within thenext seven (7) days. In making its decision, WADA will consider, amongst others, thefollowing:a)

The Test Distribution Plan for the Event, including the number and type of Testingplanned for the Event;b)

The menu of Prohibited Substances for which the Samples collected will be analyzed;c)

The overall anti-doping program applied in the sport;d)

The logistical issues that would be created by allowing the requesting Anti-Doping
Organization to conduct Testing at the Event;e)

Any other grounds submitted by the requesting Anti-Doping Organization and/or theruling body refusing such Testing; andf)

Any other available information that WADA considers relevant.

H.4.5

If an Anti-Doping Organization who is not the ruling body for an Event in the country inwhich the Event is being hosted, has or receives intelligence regarding potential dopingby an Athlete(s) who is due to compete at the Event, the Anti-Doping Organization shallshare the intelligence with the ruling body of the Event as soon as possible. If no Testingis planned by the ruling body for the Event and the Anti-Doping Organization is in aposition to conduct Testing itself, the ruling body for the Event shall assess whether it or
the Anti-Doping Organization can conduct Testing regardless of whether the intelligenceis provided by the Anti-Doping Organization within the thirty-five (35) day period preceding
the Event. If the ruling body of the Event fails to engage with the Anti-Doping Organizationthat provided the intelligence or decides it is not able to conduct Testing itself or does not
authorize the Anti-Doping Organization to conduct Testing at the Event, then the AntiDoping Organization shall notify WADA immediately.

H.4.6

If WADA decides that permission for Testing at the Event should be granted, either as
requested by the requesting Anti-Doping Organization or as proposed by WADA, WADA
may give the ruling body the possibility of conducting such Testing, unless WADA judgesthat this is not realistic and/or appropriate in the circumstances.

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ANNEX I - COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF BLOOD ATHLETE BIOLOGICALPASSPORT SAMPLES
I.1

Objective
To collect an Athlete’s blood Sample by venipuncture, intended for use in connection with themeasurement of individual Athlete blood variables within the framework of the hematologicalmodule of the Athlete Biological Passport program, in a manner appropriate for such use. The
requirements of this Annex are additional requirements to those contained in Annex D - Collectionof Venous Blood Samples.

I.2

Requirements
I.2.1

Planning shall consider the Athlete’s whereabouts information to ensure Sample collection
does not occur within two (2) hours of the Athlete’s training, participation in Competitionor other similar physical activity. If the Athlete has trained or competed less than two (2)hours before the time the Athlete has been notified of their selection, the DCO or otherdesignated Sample Collection Personnel shall chaperone the Athlete until this two-hour
period has elapsed.

I.2.2

If the Sample was collected within two (2) hours of training or Competition, the nature,
duration and intensity of the exertion shall be recorded by the DCO to make thisinformation available to the APMU.

I.2.3

Although a single blood Sample is sufficient within the framework of the hematologicalmodule of the Athlete Biological Passport, it is recommended to collect an additional (B)Sample for a possible subsequent analysis of Prohibited Substances and Prohibited
Methods in whole blood (e.g., detection of homologous blood transfusion (HBT) and/or
erythropoietin receptor agonists (ERAs)).

I.2.4

For Out-of-Competition Testing, A and B urine Samples should be collected together withthe blood Athlete Biological Passport Sample(s) in order to permit Analytical Testing for
ERAs unless otherwise justified by a specific intelligent Testing strategy.
[Comment to I.2.4: WADA’s Guidelines for Sample Collection reflect these protocols andinclude practical information on the integration of Athlete Biological Passport Testing into
“traditional” Testing activities. A table has been included within WADA’s Guidelines for
Sample Collection that identifies which particular timelines for delivery are appropriate
when combining particular types of analysis (e.g, blood Athlete Biological Passport andgrowth hormone (GH), blood Athlete Biological Passport and HBT, etc.), and which types
of Samples may be suited for simultaneous transport.]

I.2.5

The Sample shall be refrigerated from its collection until its analysis with the exception ofwhen the Sample is analyzed immediately following collection. The storage procedure is
the DCO’s responsibility.

I.2.6

The storage and transport device shall be capable of maintaining blood Athlete Biological
Passport Samples at a cool temperature during storage. Whole blood Samples shall not
be allowed to freeze at any time. In choosing the storage and transport device, the DCO
shall take into account the time of storage, the number of Samples to be stored in the

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device and the prevailing environmental conditions (hot or cold temperatures). The
storage device shall be one of the following:

I.2.7

I.2.8

a)

Refrigerator;b)

Insulated cool box;c)

Isotherm bag; ord)Any other device that possesses the capabilities mentioned above.

A temperature data logger shall be used to record the temperature from the collection to
the analysis of the Sample except when the Sample is analyzed immediately following
collection. The temperature data logger shall be able to:a)

Record the temperature in degrees Celsius at least once per minute;b)

Record time in GMT;c)

Report the temperature profile over time in text format with one line per measurement
following the format “YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM T”; andd)Have a unique ID of at least six characters.

Following notification to the Athlete that they have been selected for Sample collection
and following the DCO/BCO’s explanation of the Athlete’s rights and responsibilities in the
Sample collection process, the DCO/BCO shall ask the Athlete to remain still, in an upright,
stationary seated position, with feet on the floor for at least ten (10) minutes prior toproviding a blood Sample. If the Athlete’s feet cannot reach the floor and/or the Athlete’s
impairment does not allow feet on the floor, the Athlete shall remain in an upright,
stationary seated position.
[Comment to I.2.8: The Athlete shall not stand up at any time during the ten (10) minutes
prior to Sample collection. To have the Athlete seated during ten (10) minutes in a waiting
room and then to call the Athlete into a blood collection room is not acceptable.]

I.2.9

The DCO/BCO shall collect and record the following additional information on an Athlete
Biological Passport supplementary form, Athlete Biological Passport specific Doping
Control form or other related report form to be signed by the Athlete and the DCO/BCO:a)

Has the Athlete been seated for at least ten (10) minutes with their feet on the floor
prior to blood collection, as per Annex I.2.8?

b)

Was the Sample collected immediately following at least three (3) consecutive daysof an intensive endurance Competition, such as a stage race in cycling?

c)

Has the Athlete had a training session or Competition in the two (2) hours prior to theblood collection?

d)

Did the Athlete train, compete or reside at an altitude greater than 1,500 meters within
the prior two (2) weeks? If so, or if in doubt, the name and location of the place where
the Athlete had been, and the dates and the duration of their stay shall be recorded.

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The estimated altitude shall be entered, if known.
e)

Did the Athlete use any form of altitude simulation such as a hypoxic tent, mask, etc.
during the prior two (2) weeks? If so, as much information as possible on the type ofdevice and the manner in which it was used (e.g., frequency, duration, intensity)
should be recorded.

f)

Did the Athlete receive any blood transfusion(s) during the prior three (3) months?
Was there any blood loss due to accident, pathology or donation in the prior three (3)months? If so, the estimated volume should be recorded.

g)

Has the Athlete been exposed to any extreme environmental conditions during thelast two (2) hours prior to blood collection, including any sessions in any artificial heat
environment, such as a sauna? If so, the details should be recorded.

I.2.10 The DCO/BCO shall start the temperature data logger and place it in the storage device.
It is important to start recording the temperature before Sample collection.
I.2.11 The storage device shall be located in the Doping Control Station and shall be kept secure.
I.2.12 The DCO/BCO instructs the Athlete to select the Sample Collection Equipment inaccordance with Annex D.4.6 and continue the Sample Collection Session in accordancewith Annex D.4.7.
I.3

I.4

The Sample Collection Procedure
I.3.1

The Sample collection procedure for the collection of blood for the purposes of the Athlete
Biological Passport is consistent with the procedure set out in Annex D.4, including theten (10) minute (or more) seated period.

I.3.2

The Athlete and the DCO/BCO sign the Doping Control and Athlete Biological Passport
supplementary form(s), when applicable.

I.3.3

The blood Sample is sealed and deposited in the storage device containing thetemperature data logger.

Transportation Requirements
I.4.1

Blood Samples shall be transported in a device that maintains the integrity of Samples
over time, due to changes in external temperature.

I.4.2

The transport procedure is the DCO’s responsibility. The transport device shall betransported by secure means using a Sample Collection Authority authorized transport
method.

I.4.3

The integrity of the Markers used in the hematological module of the Athlete Biological
Passport is guaranteed when the Blood Stability Score (BSS) remains below eighty-five(85), where the BSS is computed as:
BSS = 3 * T + CAT
with CAT being the Collection to Analysis Time (in hours), and T the average Temperature

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(in degrees Celsius) measured by the data logger between Sample collection and analysis.
I.4.4

Within the framework of the BSS, the following table can be used by the DCO/BCO toestimate the maximal transport time to a Laboratory or ABP Laboratory, called theCollection to Reception Time (CRT), for a given average temperature (T), e.g., if shipped
at 4°C, the maximal CRT is 60 h.:
T [°C]CRT [h]

15

27

12

36

10

42

9

45

8

48

7

51

6

54

5

57

4

60

I.4.5

The DCO/BCO shall as soon as possible transport the Sample to a Laboratory or ABPLaboratory.

I.4.6

The Testing Authority or Sample Collection Authority shall report without delay into
ADAMS:a)

The Doping Control form, as per Article 4.9.1 b);b)

The Athlete Biological Passport supplementary form, and/or the additional
information specific to the Athlete Biological Passport collected on a related report
form;

c)

In the Chain of Custody, the temperature data logger ID (without any timereference) and the time zone of the Testing location in GMT.

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ANNEX J - COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF DRIED BLOOD SPOT SAMPLES
J.1

Objective
To collect an Athlete’s blood as a dried blood spot Sample in a manner that ensures:a) Consistency with relevant principles of internationally-recognized standard precautions inhealthcare settings, and is collected by a suitably trained Person, so that the health and safetyof the Athlete and Sample Collection Personnel are not compromised;b) The Sample is of a quality and quantity that meets the relevant analytical requirements;c) The Sample has not been manipulated, substituted, contaminated or otherwise tampered within any way;d) The Sample is clearly and accurately identified; ande) The Sample is securely sealed in a Tamper Evident kit.

J.2

Scope
The collection of a dried blood spot Sample begins with ensuring the Athlete is informed of the
Sample collection requirements and ends with properly storing the Sample prior to transport to the
Laboratory that will be analysing the Sample. Dried blood spot Samples are collected bypuncture/incision of the skin to access capillary vessels (small blood vessels). One dried blood
spot Sample consists of a series of small volumes of capillary blood, which are collected within
the same Sample Collection Session and allowed to dry on an absorbent Sample support.
[Comment to J.2: In this context, the term “dried blood spot” refers to a capillary blood Sample
that is collected and allowed to dry on an absorbent Sample support, including Samples collectedby “spotting” capillary blood directly onto a cellulose-based card or other absorbent Sample
support made of cellulose or of another material, as well as those collected via a specific device
with integrated microneedle(s)/microlancet(s).]J.3

Responsibility
Due to the absence of venipuncture during dried blood spot collection, dried blood spot Samples
may be collected by a DCO without the need for a specialized BCO if standard precautions inhealthcare settings are followed and the DCO is suitably trained. Procedures for dried blood spotcollection shall be consistent with local standards and regulatory requirements. The DCO and/or
the BCO have the responsibility for:a) Collecting the dried blood spot Sample;b) Ensuring that each Sample is properly identified and sealed;c) Answering relevant questions during the provision of the Sample;d) Properly disposing of dried blood spot sampling equipment that is opened but not used, orused pieces of equipment not sealed with the absorbent Sample support; ande) Properly storing and dispatching each Sample.

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J.4

Requirements for Dried Blood Spot Sample Collection Equipment
The dried blood spot Sample Collection Equipment shall fulfill the following criteria:a) Contain a single-use Sample collection device (e.g., disposable lancets to be used inconjunction with cellulose cards, devices with integrated microneedle(s)/microlancet(s)) forthe puncture/incision and collection of capillary blood at the fingertip and/or from the upperarm (alternative sites of punctures may be authorized for Athletes with physical impairments,
if required);b) The “A” and “B” absorbent Sample support shall allow the collection of distinct “A” and “B”
spots (or equivalent) with a minimum total of approximately 40 µL of capillary blood in the “A”
spot(s) and with a minimum total of approximately 20 µL of capillary blood in the “B” spot(s)and;[Comment to J.4 (b): Depending on the dried blood spot Sample Collection Equipment used,the volume and number of spots may vary. If a spot has a small volume (e.g., less than 20µL), several spots may be combined to perform the required Analytical Testing Procedure(s).]c) The Sample container and/or storage sleeves/packages/receptacles shall contain a desiccant
to allow the spots to dry expeditiously when already sealed (without having to wait before
sealing) and offering protection against possible premature degradation or contamination of
the Sample.
[Comment to J.4: Additional guidance for dried blood spot Sample Collection Equipment canbe found in WADA’s Guidelines for Sample Collection.]

J.5

Dried Blood Spot Sample Provision
Procedures involving blood collection shall be consistent with the local standards and regulatory
requirements regarding precautions in healthcare settings where those standards andrequirements exceed the requirements set out below.
J.5.1

The DCO shall ensure that the Athlete is properly notified of the requirements of the
Sample collection, including any modifications as provided for in Annex A - Modifications
for Athletes with Impairments and/or in Annex B - Modifications for Athletes who are
Minors.

J.5.2

The DCO/Chaperone and Athlete shall proceed to the area where the Sample will be
provided.

J.5.3

The DCO/BCO shall wear gloves during the Sample collection process and until the
Sample is sealed.

J.5.4

The DCO/Chaperone shall, where practicable, ensure the Athlete thoroughly washes theirhands with water only prior to the provision of the Sample.
[Comment to J.5.4: Any traces of talcum powder, resin, or other products that Athletes use
should be thoroughly cleaned, and alcohol pads or swabs may be used if needed.]

J.5.5 The DCO/BCO shall ensure that the Athlete is offered comfortable conditions for the

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provision of the Sample.
[Comment to J.5.5: The requirement for the Athlete to be seated in an upright stationary
position for at least 10 minutes with feet on the floor as contained in Annex D.4.5 prior toproviding a blood Sample does not apply before the provision of a dried blood spot
Sample.]
J.5.6

The DCO/BCO shall instruct the Athlete to select the Sample Collection Equipment
required for collecting the Sample and to check that the selected equipment has not been
tampered with and any seals are intact. If the Athlete is not satisfied with the selected
equipment, they may select another. If the Athlete is not satisfied with any equipment andno other is available, this shall be recorded by the DCO. If the DCO does not agree with
the Athlete that all of the available equipment is unsatisfactory, the DCO shall instruct the
Athlete to proceed with the Sample Collection Session. If the DCO agrees with the Athletethat all available equipment is unsatisfactory, the DCO shall terminate the collection ofdried blood spot Samples and this shall be recorded by the DCO.

J.5.7

When a Sample collection kit has been selected, the DCO and the Athlete shall check that
all Sample code numbers match and that this Sample code number is recorded accuratelyby the DCO on the Doping Control form. If the Athlete or DCO finds that the numbers are
not the same, the DCO shall instruct the Athlete to choose another kit. The DCO shallrecord the matter.

J.5.8

The DCO/BCO shall assess the most suitable location for puncture at the fingertip and/orfrom the upper arm that is unlikely to adversely affect the Athlete or their sporting
performance (e.g., non-dominant hand/arm). This should be a site of puncture that is freeof any calluses, cuts, scars and tattoos. The DCO /BCO should select an alternative
suitable site of puncture for Athletes with physical impairments if applicable.
[Comment to J.5.8: The DCO/BCO should decide whether the dried blood spot Sample becollected from the right or left hand/arm. However, they may not be given the choice of thecollection between the hand or arm, as this is dependent on the Sample Collection
Equipment used by the SCA.]

J.5.9

The DCO/BCO shall instruct the Athlete to warm the Sample collection site by, forexample, washing the hands in warm water, shaking the hand/arm, massaging thepuncture site, or placing the hand/arm in a warm blanket or equivalent.

J.5.10 The DCO/BCO shall clean the skin with a sterile alcohol pad or swab. Disinfectant gelsshall not be used. Once the skin is completely dried, the DCO/BCO shall take the capillary
blood Sample from the fingertip or an area on the upper arm using the dried blood spotcollection device in accordance with the instructions provided by the equipment
manufacturers.
For dried blood spot Samples collected from the fingertip:a) The middle or ring finger should be selected if possible. The little finger may also be
selected but the collection may be more painful;b) The puncture should be done with a lancet, slightly lateral to the pad of the finger, on
the last phalanx of the finger;

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c) Blood flow can be increased by gently massaging the proximal portion of the finger ina distal direction. However, squeezing or milking the finger should be avoided as it
may cause hemolysis and dilution of the Sample;d) The first drop of blood shall be wiped away with a dry sterile compress/gauze pad;e) Only the drop of blood shall enter into contact with the dried blood spot absorbent
Sample support, while the finger shall not touch it. The drop of blood should not besmeared onto the absorbent Sample support; andf)

Only one drop of blood shall be applied per spot, because the dripping of several drops
onto the same spot would cause an inhomogeneous Sample.

For dried blood spot Samples collected from the upper arm with a device withintegrated microneedle(s)/microlancet(s):g) The DCO/BCO shall be responsible for applying and removing the device from theAthlete’s arm. The Athlete is permitted to press the button to engage themicroneedle(s)/microlancet(s) after having received the necessary instructions fromthe DCO/BCO. Otherwise, the DCO/BCO will press the button.
J.5.11 The volume of capillary blood removed shall be adequate to satisfy the relevant analyticalrequirements for the Sample analysis to be performed, i.e., a minimum total of
approximately 40 µL of capillary blood in the “A” spot(s) and a minimum total of
approximately 20 µL of capillary blood in the “B” spot(s) for chromatography-mass
spectrometric Analytical Methods. Other special analyses may require additional Samples
and/or increased Sample volume.
J.5.12 The DCO/BCO shall verify that capillary blood is deposited on the absorbent Sample
support and that a sufficient number of spots in the “A” and “B” Samples (to produce asufficient amount of capillary blood, as described in Annex J.5.11) are saturated with blood.
J.5.13 If the volume of capillary blood collected from the Athlete at the first attempt is insufficient,
the DCO/BCO shall repeat the procedure up to a maximum of three (3) attempts in total.
Should all three (3) attempts fail to produce a sufficient volume of capillary blood, the DCO
shall terminate the collection of dried blood spot Samples and record the reasons for its
termination. If more than one attempt is needed, another site of puncture shall be selectedby the DCO/BCO. The skin shall be cleaned and a new lancet/Sample Collection device
shall be used for the puncture of the skin.
[Comment to J.5.13: An attempt is defined as the act of puncturing the skin, i.e., only if thelancet or microneedle(s)/microlancet(s) has(ve) been engaged and punctured the skin.]J.5.14 After collection, the DCO/BCO shall apply pressure to the puncture site(s) or ask the
Athlete to do so. The DCO/BCO shall then apply a dressing(s).
J.5.15 The DCO/BCO shall dispose of used pieces of equipment that are not sealed with theabsorbent Sample support in accordance with the required local standards for handling
blood.
J.5.16 If the Sample requires further on-site processing, such as removal of the absorbent

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Sample support (e.g., cellulose paper, cartridge) from the collection device, the DCO/BCO
shall do so and then transfer the Sample into the Tamper Evident kit. The Athlete shallremain in the collection area and observe their Sample until it is sealed in a Tamper
Evident kit.
J.5.17 The Athlete shall seal their Sample in the Tamper Evident kit as directed by the DCO. In
full view of the Athlete, the DCO shall check that the sealing is satisfactory. The Athlete
and the DCO/BCO shall sign the Sample collection documentation; andJ.5.18 The sealed dried blood spot Sample can be stored at room temperature and shall be
stored in a manner which minimizes the potential for Sample degradation due to factors
such as time delays, exposure to light and extreme temperature variations.
J.6

Requirements for Transport
J.6.1

Dried blood spot Samples shall be transported in accordance with Articles 9.1 to 9.3, withthe following specifications:a) Dried blood spot Samples can be shipped as non-hazardous materials using regularmail or courier services, subject to any applicable regulations;b) While the Sample containers shall be transparent, it is recommended to transport dried
blood spot Samples in a non-transparent transport box/bag to protect the Samples
from light exposure; andc) Dried blood spot Samples can be transported at ambient temperature. If collecting
other blood Samples (e.g., blood Athlete Biological Passport Samples) during thesame Sample Collection Session, dried blood spot Samples can also be shipped
refrigerated.

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ANNEX K - COLLECTION OF URINE SAMPLES IN A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT DURING A
PANDEMIC 1
K.1

Objective
To provide a modified Sample collection procedure in a virtual environment that may only be
implemented during a pandemic and/or a national epidemic when local or national government
health restrictions in place allow an in-person notification of an Athlete but restrict in-personcollection of a urine sample by a DCO.
[Comment to K.1: The ability to collect Samples during a pandemic may vary among countries
based on the national approach to the pandemic and/or national epidemic, including theinternational, national and regional laws in place. As a result, Sample collection in a virtualenvironment is not mandatory. Before considering the implementation of Sample collection in a
virtual environment an ADO should liaise with the applicable national health and data privacy
authorities. If an ADO can conduct Sample collection in a virtual environment in the circumstances
permitted by this Annex K, then the modified Sample collection procedures set out in this Annex,
in particular complying with the additional standards referenced in Annex K.3.1 and K.3.2, aremandatory. Additional guidance on how to implement several of the requirements outlined in thisAnnex are provided in the Guidelines for Testing During a Pandemic.]

K.2

Scope
The procedure begins with the DCO notifying an Athlete at the testing location and handing theAthlete a package of Sample Collection Equipment and ends with the DCO collecting the sealed
Sample and the corresponding Sample collection documentation from the Athlete at the location
where notification to the Athlete of their selection for Testing and requirement to provide a Sample
occurred, or at another location that the DCO and Athlete will agree to.

K.3

Responsibility
K.3.1 In times of a pandemic and/or a national epidemic, all Anti-Doping Organizations shall follow
the advice of national governments and health authorities to ensure the health and safetyof Athletes and Sample Collection Personnel is protected. Specific requirements must be
taken into consideration from any relevant international, national and regional laws when
considering the implementation of Sample collection procedures (e.g., mandatory or
recommended occupational health and safety practices such as social distancing, handwashing, mask wearing, vaccination etc.)
K.3.2 Prior to implementation, Anti-Doping Organizations shall assess modified Sample
collection procedures in a virtual environment, including any selected IT system and any
Third-Party Agent involved in such procedures or IT system, against the requirements of
the International Standard for the Protection of Privacy and Personal Information andapplicable laws, such as privacy/data protection and if necessary, shall implement

1 As declared by the World Health Organization. In addition, an ADO shall consider implementing the Sample collection in a

virtual environment when the national government declares a national epidemic in a certain country or region.

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appropriate physical, organizational, technical, and other measures to mitigate privacy andinformation security risks identified in such assessment.
K.3.3 The DCO has the responsibility for providing the Athlete with instructions from the point of
the in-person notification and then virtually via the IT system used, and that each Sample
is properly collected, identified, documented, sealed, and the integrity of the Sample ismaintained throughout the virtual collection and sealing process.
K.4

Requirements
K.4.1 When initial contact is made, the DCO shall inform the Athlete, at the testing location, thatthey are required to undergo a Sample collection. The notification of the Athlete shall be inaccordance with Article 5.4.1.
K.4.2 The DCO shall ensure that the Athlete is informed that the Sample collection and sealing
procedure will be conducted in a virtual environment during their Sample Collection
Session, including any modifications as provided for in Annex A - Modifications for Athleteswith Impairments and/or in Annex B - Modifications for Athletes who are Minors.
K.4.3 The DCO shall complete the ‘Athlete Notification’ part of the Sample collection
documentation (either in paper or electronic) and the Athlete shall sign it to acknowledge
and accept the notification. If the Athlete refuses to sign that they have been notified, or
evades the notification, the DCO shall, if possible, inform the Athlete of the Consequencesof a Failure to Comply. The DCO shall document the facts in a detailed report and report
the circumstances to the Testing Authority. The Testing Authority shall follow the steps
prescribed in Annex A - Review of a Possible Failure to Comply of the International
Standard for Results Management.
K.4.4 The DCO shall start a two-way video and audio connection via the selected IT system (e.g.,tablet, mobile phone, or body camera) with supporting mounting device (if applicable) andprovide it to the Athlete. The DCO shall advise the Athlete that they must remain on camera
with the DCO via the IT system for the duration of the Sample Collection Session. The
DCO shall also inform the Athlete that recording functions have been completely disabled.
K.4.5 The DCO shall then provide the Athlete with the package that includes Sample Collection
Equipment, other supporting devices such as temperature monitoring strips, and applicable
documentation. The DCO shall inform the Athlete to proceed with the Sample Collection
Equipment to a suitable Sample collection location that is private and where the Sample
Collection Session can continue. The DCO shall also ensure they are in a private location.
K.4.6 When the Athlete is positioned in the Sample Collection location where the Sample
Collection Session will be conducted, the DCO, connected virtually via the IT system, shallinstruct the Athlete to:a) Confirm if an Athlete representative is present with the Athlete in the Sample Collection
location;b) Show the DCO on camera via the IT system the Sample Collection location selected
where the Sample Collection Session will be conducted; andc) Confirm satisfactory audio and visual quality of the IT system used.

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K.4.7 The DCO shall confirm to the Athlete that the DCO will also be on camera for the durationof the Sample Collection Session and that the Sample Collection Session is not being
recorded.
K.4.8 The DCO shall then ask the Athlete to place the IT system in a location where the DCO
will have a view of the Athlete (including upper body and hands) and have full view of the
Sample Collection Equipment.
K.4.9 The Athlete shall place the content of the package with the Sample Collection Equipment,
supporting devices and documentation on a steady surface in the Sample collection
location in full view of the DCO.
K.4.10 The Athlete shall complete the ‘Athlete Information’ part of the Sample collection
documentation (either in paper or electronic) with the assistance of the DCO.
K.4.11 The DCO shall instruct the Athlete to select a collection vessel in accordance with Annex
C.4.3. The DCO shall then ask the Athlete to apply a temperature monitoring strip to theoutside of the collection vessel.
K.4.12 When the Athlete is ready to provide a urine Sample, the DCO shall ask the Athlete tomove to the toilet area and show the DCO on camera the toilet area in which they will be
providing their Sample. The DCO should direct the Athlete as to the best location for theIT system to be positioned during the Sample provision. Anything suspicious e.g., otherurine Samples or doping paraphernalia in the toilet area with potential to compromise theSample collection shall be documented in detail by the DCO.
K.4.13 The DCO shall also inform the Athlete that Sample provision will not be directly witnessed
as it normally would be, i.e., the DCO observing the urine Sample directly leaving theirbody, however, the Athlete will be continuously observed via the IT system in the toilet
area. The camera shall be set in a position in the toilet area that provides the DCO with afull view of the Athlete’s upper body (i.e., waist to top of head) and arms while they are
waiting to provide a Sample and/or during the Sample provision.
K.4.14 The Athlete shall be reminded of the importance to stay on camera during the sample
provision and be advised of the possible Consequences of a Failure to Comply. Any lossof connection should be documented including exact time and duration, as well as any
further re-connection attempts and explanations from the Athlete. If the Athlete does notremain visible in the camera field of view or the Sample once provided by the Athlete does
not remain visible in the camera field of view and if the circumstances are deemedsuspicious by the DCO, the DCO shall consider collecting an additional Sample from theAthlete. The DCO shall document the facts in a detailed report and report thecircumstances to the Testing Authority.
[Comment to K.4.12 and K.4.14: If appropriate, the Testing Authority shall follow the steps
prescribed in Annex A - Review of a Possible Failure to Comply in the International
Standard for Results Management.]
K.4.15 Once the Athlete provides the required volume of urine, the DCO shall ask the Athlete toshow them the collection vessel with the volume measurement scale on camera to validatethat the Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis has been provided. Where the volume ofurine provided by the Athlete is insufficient, the DCO shall provide instructions to the Athlete

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to follow the partial Sample collection procedure in accordance with Annex E - Urine
Sample – Insufficient Volume.
K.4.16 Once the lid of the collection vessel has been secured, the DCO shall then ask the Athlete
whilst in the toilet area to show the temperature monitoring strip measurement on camera
to allow the DCO to confirm the temperature of the urine Sample.
K.4.17 The Athlete shall exit the toilet area and return to the Sample collection location, ensuring
they keep their Sample visible on camera. On return to the Sample collection location, theAthlete shall position the camera in the same location as it was at the start of the procedureso that their Sample are in full view of the DCO until the Sample is sealed.
K.4.18 The DCO shall guide the Athlete through the process of selecting and opening a Sample
collection kit containing A and B bottles in accordance with Annex C.4.3 and Annex C.4.12.
The Athlete shall show the DCO the Sample code numbers and the DCO should document
them (and later confirm upon receipt of the Sample).
K.4.19 The division of the Sample into the A and B bottles and the sealing of the A and B bottles
shall be conducted by the Athlete in full view of the DCO in accordance with Annex C.4.13
and C.4.14.
K.4.20 Once the Athlete has finished the sealing of the A and B bottles, the Athlete shall test theresidual urine in the collection vessel to determine if the Sample has a Suitable Specific
Gravity for Analysis with the assistance of the DCO. When the urine Sample does not meetthe requirement for Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis, the DCO shall provide
instructions to the Athlete to follow the appropriate procedures in accordance with Annex
F - Urine Samples that do not meet the requirement for Suitable Specific Gravity for
Analysis.
K.4.21 The Athlete shall complete the Sample collection documentation with the assistance of the
DCO. The Athlete and the DCO shall sign appropriate documentation to indicate theirsatisfaction that the documentation accurately reflects the details of the Sample Collection
Session. The DCO shall ensure that the Athlete is advised to keep a copy of the Sample
collection documentation (if in paper) or that the Athlete receives a copy of the Sample
collection documentation (if electronic).
K.4.22 Upon completion, the DCO shall ask the Athlete to pack their Sample, all Sample Collection
Equipment and documentation and meet the DCO in the initial location where the Athlete
was notified or an agreed upon location.
K.4.23 The Athlete shall remain on camera until they have concluded the Sample Collection
Session, and they meet the DCO in-person.
K.4.24 The DCO, upon receiving the requested equipment and documentation from the Athlete,
shall conduct a review of all Sample Collection Equipment, supporting devices anddocumentation, and confirm, in writing, that Sample collection documentation andcorresponding Sample(s) are enclosed.

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