J. Inst. Electrostat. Jpn.

, 30, 1 (2006) 8 13

ᶧ/ᶧ♽ߦ߅ߌࠆ㕒㔚ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ㧙㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻߦࠃࠆ᳓/ᴤࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ૞⵾㧙㜞ᯅఝ੺㧘㊄ᴛ⺈ม 1㧘㊁ᧄᐘᴦ㧔2005 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 1 ᣣฃઃ㧧2005 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 27 ᣣฃℂ㧕Electrostatic Process in Liquid/Liquid System- Production of W/O Emulsion by Electrostatic Atomization 1

Yusuke TAKAHASHI, Seiji KANAZAWA and Yukiharu NOMOTO(Received August 1, 2005㧧 Accepted October 27, 2005)

An experimental investigation of electrostatic atomization in liquid/liquid system was conducted with a view
toward emulsification and demulsification processes. Fine water droplets were generated in silicon oil using anozzle electrode with ac high voltage and a stable water-in-oil emulsion was produced without surfactants. The
mode of atomization was observed as well as the trajectory of fine droplets flow. The diameter of fine droplets
and their distributions were measured as a function of the applied voltage and its frequency. Electrohydrodynamic induced liquid flow with water droplets played the important role for the formation of theemulsion.
1.

ߪߓ߼ߦᶧ૕ਛߦ⇣⒳ߩᶧ૕ࠍᵈ౉ߔࠆᠲ૞߿ 2 ⒳㘃ߩᶧ૕߇ߪ㧘߹ߞߚߊㅒߩ⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠅ㧘↪޿ࠆⵝ⟎߿ᣇᑼ߹ߚߪශሽ࿷ߔࠆᶧ/ᶧ♽ߢߩ㕒㔚᳇⃻⽎ߦߟ޿ߡߪߎࠇ߹ߢᄙߊടߔࠆ㔚⇇ߩ⒳㘃㧔⋥ᵹ㧘੤ᵹ߿ߘߩ㊀⇥ශട㧕߿㔚⇇ᒝߩ⎇ⓥ߇ߥߐࠇߡ߈ߚ  㧚৻⥸ߦᶧ/ᶧ♽ߢߩ㕒㔚᳇⃻⽎ᐲߦଐሽߔࠆ߇㧘႐วߦࠃߞߡߪߘࠇࠄ߇ⵝ⟎ౝߩ৻ㇱߢߦߪ㧘1㧕㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻߒߚᶧṢߩᵈ౉ߦࠃࠆ 2 ᶧߩᷙวߢหᤨߦ⿠߈ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߩࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ૞⵾ 㧕㧘2㧕ᶧ૕ਛߦሽ࿷ߔࠆᓸዊᶧṢ৻ᣇ㧘ᱜߣ⽶ߦᏪ㔚ߒߚᶧṢߪࠢ࡯ࡠࡦ૞↪ജߦࠃࠅ㕒߇㔚⇇ਅߢಽᭂߒߡ㧘ᶧṢߤ߁ߒߩว૕ߦࠃࠆಝ㓸⢈ᄢൻ㔚ಝ㓸ߔࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߇㧘ᶧ૕ਛߢߩႎ๔଀ߪ޽߹߅ࠃ߮ߘߩᓟߩ㊀ജᴉ㒠ߦࠃࠆᶧ૕ߩಽ㔌 㧕㧘3㧕ߘࠇࠄࠅߥ޿㧚㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻߩ⎇ⓥߪ⋥ᵹ㔚⇇ࠍ↪޿ߚᶧ/᳇♽ߢߩⶄวൻߒߚ⃻⽎ߦࠃࠆᶧṢߩᄌᒻ߿⒖േ߅ࠃ߮ಽⵚ㧘ߐߩ⎇ⓥ  ߇߶ߣࠎߤߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩ႐วߦߪᶧṢߪනᭂᕈࠄߦߪო㕙߿㔚ᭂ߳ߩઃ⌕  㧘ߦಽߌࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦ㔚ߦ⩄㔚ߐࠇࠆߚ߼ว૕ߒߡಝ㓸ߔࠆߎߣߪዋߥ޿㧚߹ߚ㧘᳇ᵹ૕ജቇ⊛㧔EHD㧕ലᨐߦࠃࠅᶧ૕ో૕ߩᵹേ⃻⽎ 㧕ߎࠇ߹ߢߩᶧ/ᶧ♽ߩ㕒㔚ಽ㔌߿ࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ⸃੃ൻߢ߽⺃⿠ߐࠇ㧘⃻⽎ߪࠃࠅⶄ㔀ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߪ㧘ಽ㔌ߦߪ㒢⇇߇޽ࠆ 㧕㧚ߎߎߢ㧘㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻߦࠃࠆࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ૞⵾ߣಽᭂߒ ᶧ/ᶧ♽ߢߩ㕒㔚ᠲ૞ࠍߐࠄߦ㜞߼ࠆߦߪ㧘ߎߩ㕒㔚ಝߚᶧṢ☸ሶߩ⢈ᄢൻࠍ߽ߣߦߔࠆᶧ/ᶧߩಽ㔌㧔⸃੃ൻ㧕㓸૞↪ࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦ೑↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘ᱜߣ⽶ߦ⩄㔚ߒߚᏪ㔚ᶧṢࠍㅪ⛯⋧ਛߦಽᢔߐߖߡ೑↪

ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼: ᶧ/ᶧ♽㧘㔚᳇ᵹ૕ജቇ㧔EHD㧕ലᨐ㧘w/o㧔ᴤᓟ㧘ߔߺ߿߆ߦಝ㓸ߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠇ߫㧘ല₸ߩ⦟޿ᶧਛ᳓ဳ㧕ࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦ㧘㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻ㧘㕒㔚ಝ㓸૕ᠲ૞߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ㧚ߚߣ߃߫ᶧ૕ਛߦሽ࿷ߔࠆਇ⚐‛ࠍᄢಽᄢቇᎿቇㇱ㔚᳇㔚ሶᎿቇ⑼㧔870́1192 ᄢಽᏒᣤ㊁ේ700㧕
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering㧘Faculty ofEngineering㧘Oita University㧘700 Dannoharu㧘Oita 870-1192㧘
1㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻߒߚᶧṢߢ᝝ᝒߒ㧘ߘߩᓟߦ㕒㔚ಝ㓸૞↪ߢ⢈ᄢൻߒߡ㊀ജᴉ㒠ߐߖߡ᛽಴ߔࠆߎߣߥߤ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ w/o ࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ૞⵾ߣߘߩ෻ኻߩᠲ૞Japanߢ޽ࠆ⸃੃ൻࠍ⥄࿷ߦⴕ߃ࠆᚻᴺߩ⏕┙ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿skana@cc.oita-u.ac.jpࠆ㧚ᶧ/ᶧ♽ߢߩ㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻߢ৻⥸ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆࡁ࠭࡞㔚

/9

ᭂࠍ 2 ߟ↪޿ߡᱜ⽶ߦᏪ㔚ߒߚᓸ☸ൻᶧṢߦࠃࠆ㕒㔚ಝ

Water Inlet㓸૞↪ߦࠃࠆ w/o ࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ㜞ㅦ⸃੃ൻࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ
ⵝ⟎ࠍ⸳⸘ߒߚ㧚ߘߩ╙৻Ბ㓏ߢ޽ࠆห৻ⵝ⟎ߦࠃࠆ w/oࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦ㧔ಽᢔ⋧ߪ᳓㧘ㅪ⛯⋧ߪࠝࠗ࡞㧕ߩ૞⵾ࠍⴕ

Needle Valve

StrobeLightDC or AC
H.VReactorߞߚ㧚੹࿁ߪᶧ/ᶧ♽ߢߩ㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻߣ w/o ࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ․ᕈߦߟ޿ߡႎ๔ߔࠆ㧚ߥ߅㧘ᱜ⽶⩄㔚ߦࠃࠆ㕒㔚ಝ㓸߅ࠃ

TV Monitor

Magnetic Stirrer߮ߘߩᔕ↪ߣߒߡߩ w/o ࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ⸃੃ൻߦߟ޿ߡ

AirCCD Cameraߪ╙ 2 ႎߢႎ๔ߔࠆ㧚2㧚DVD Recorderታ㛎ⵝ⟎ߣᣇᴺ੹࿁૶↪ߒߚ㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻⵝ⟎ߩ᭎⇛࿑ࠍ࿑ 1 ߦ␜ߔ㧚࡝ࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߪ 505065mm ߩࠕࠢ࡝࡞⵾ኈེ߆ࠄߥࠆ㧚࿑ 1 ታ㛎ⵝ⟎ߩ᭴ᚑ࿑࿑ 2 ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㜞㔚࿶ශട㔚ᭂߣߒߡࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⵾ࡁ

Fig.1 Experimental set-up.

࠭࡞㧔㐳ߐ 15mm㧘ౝᓘ 0.17mm㧘ᄖᓘ 0.35mm㧕ࠍ㧘ࠕ

20mm࡯ࠬ㔚ᭂߣߒߡࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⵾࡝ࡦࠣ㧔ౝᓘ 22mm㧘ᄖᓘ
30mm㧕ࠍ↪޿㧘㔚ᭂ㑆ߩࠡࡖ࠶ࡊߪ 20mm ৻ቯߣߒߚ㧚৻⥸ߦᶧ/ᶧ♽ߢߩ㔚ᭂ㈩⟎ߪ࡝ࡦࠣ㔚ᭂࠍᶧ૕ౝㇱߦ⟎

15mmߊߎߣ߇ᄙ޿߇㧘㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻߦࠃߞߡಽⵚߒߚ᳓Ṣ߇࡝ࡦࠣ㔚ᭂ߳ઃ⌕ߒ㧘ࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ૞⵾߿㕒㔚ಝ㓸૞↪ߩታ㛎ߩᅹߍߦߥࠆߩߢ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪⵝ⟎ᄖㇱߦ⸳⟎ߒߚ㧚ࡁ࠭࡞㔚ᭂߣࠕ࡯ࠬ㔚ᭂ㑆ߦߪᱜᭂᕈ߹ߚߪ⽶ᭂᕈߩ⋥ᵹ㜞㔚࿶㔚Ḯ㧔ࡑࠢ࠮࡟࠶ࠢ㧘APM-15K1.7P㧕߹ߚߪ๟

Ring
Electrode(I=22mm)Pipe
DC or AC
H.V
Acrylic Resin

NozzleElectrode(I=0.35mm)

ᵄᢙࠍนᄌߣߔࠆ੤ᵹ㜞㔚࿶㔚Ḯ㧔੤⋥ਔ↪㜞࿶ࠕࡦࡊ࡝
࿑ 2 㔚ᭂ᭴ᚑ

ࡈࠔࠗࠕ㧦Trek㧘20/20C ߣછᗧᵄᒻ⊒↢ⵝ⟎㧦NF㧘WF1943

Fig.2 Electrode geometry.

ߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖ㧕ࠍ↪޿ߡ㔚࿶ࠍශടߒߚ㧚ߥ߅ⵝ⟎ߪ㧘࿑
1 ߦ␜ߔὐ✢ߢ࿐߹ࠇߚㇱಽߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ߽߁৻ᣇߩ㔚ᭂ♽ࠍട߃ࠆߎߣߢ㧘ᱜ⽶ߦ⋥ᵹ⩄㔚ߒߚᓸ☸ൻᶧṢࠍᵈ⴫ 1 ᶧ૕⹜ᢱߩ‛ᕈ୯
Table 1distilled water.

౉ߒ㧘ߘࠇߦࠃࠆ㕒㔚ಝ㓸૞↪ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ
߈ࠆ㧚

Physical parameters of silicone oil and⹜ᢱᶧ૕ࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ

ࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ

㧔10cSt㧕㧔100cSt㧕ኒᐲ [kg/m3]

935

968

1000

[m2/s]-5-4ಽᢔ⋧ߦߪ⫳⇐᳓㧔⚂ 2mL㧕㧘ㅪ⛯⋧ߦߪ☼ᐲߩ⇣ߥ
ࠆ 2 ⒳㘃ߩࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ㧔10cSt㧘100cSt㧘⚂ 200mL㧕ࠍ૶ߞߚ㧚⫳⇐᳓ߪࡁ࠭࡞㔚ᭂߦߟߥ߇ࠆࡄࠗࡊౝߦలႯߒ㧘࠾࡯࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡉࠍㅢߒߡ 2kg/cm2 ߩ࿶ജ߇ട࿶ߐࠇߚⓨ᳇ߦࠃࠅ㧘ή㔚࿶ᤨߦ߅޿ߡ 0.15mL/min ߩᵹ㊂ߢଏ⛎ߒߚ㧚㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻߐࠇߚᶧṢߪࠬ࠻ࡠࡏߦࠃࠆᾖ᣿ਅߢታ૕㗼ᓸ㏜㧔Nikon, SMZ-U-1, ୚₸ 10㨪 100㧕߹ߚߪ࠺ࠖࠫ࠲
࡞ࡑࠗࠢࡠࠬࠦ࡯ࡊ㧔KEYENCE, VH-Z75, ୚₸ 75㨪 750)ߣߘࠇߦធ⛯ߒߚ CCD ࠞࡔ࡜ࠍ↪޿ߡ᷹ⷰߒ㧘↹௝ߪDVD ࡟ࠦ࡯࠳ߦ⸥㍳ߒߚ㧚☸ᓘಽᏓߩ⸃ᨆߪ㧘⸥㍳ߒߚ
↹௝ࠍࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯਄ߢ↹௝ಣℂߒߡⴕߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ⷰኤߒ߿ߔ޿ࠃ߁ߦ㧘⫳⇐᳓ߪࡔ࠴࡟ࡦࡉ࡞࡯ߢ

⫳⇐᳓

101010-6Ყ⺃㔚₸ [-]

2.62

2.74

78.55

⴫㕙ᒛജ [N/m]20.110-3

20.810-3

71.810-3ዉ㔚₸ [S/m]

110-13110-131.710-4േ☼ᐲ⌕⦡ߒߚ㧚⴫ 1 ߦ੹࿁૶↪ߒߚ⹜ᢱߩ‛ᕈ୯ࠍ␜ߔ㧚3㧚ታ㛎⚿ᨐ߅ࠃ߮⠨ኤ
3.1 ੤ᵹ㔚࿶ශടߦࠃࠆ㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻ
࿑ 3 ߪ๟ᵄᢙ 60Hz ߩ੤ᵹ㜞㔚࿶ࠍශടߒߚ႐วߩฦශ

1030

12006

(a)

10Hz(b)60Hz

Cone-jet mode ߢ޽ࠆ 4kV ߢߩ᳓Ṣᓘߪ⚂ 60Pm ߢ޽ߞߚ(c)300Hz(d)1kHz

㧔࿑ 3(d)㧕㧚߹ߚ㧘ࡁ࠭࡞ㄭறߩᶧ㕙ߢߪᵹേߩ᭽ሶ߇ⷰ

࿑ 4ട㔚࿶ߦ߅ߌࠆࡁ࠭࡞ㄭறߩᶧṢߩ᭽ሶߢ޽ࠆ㧚ශട㔚࿶߇Ⴧടߔࠆߣࡁ࠭࡞㔚ᭂߦઃ⌕ߒߚ⃿⁁ߩ᳓Ṣߪ㔚⇇ᣇะߦિᒛߒߡᬦ౞⁁ߦᄌൻߔࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪᶧṢవ┵ߩ㔚⇇߇Ⴧߒ㧘㔚᳇ജ㧔ࡑࠢࠬ࠙ࠚ࡞ᔕജ㧕߇Ⴧടߒߡߊࠆߣ㧘వ┵ᦛ₸ඨᓘ߇ዊߐߊߥࠆࠃ߁ߦᄌᒻߒߡ⇇㕙ᒛജߣߩᐔⴧ ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ㧕㧚⚂ 2kV㧔ታല୯㧕ߢ Drippingmode ߣߥࠅᶧṢ߇↢ᚑߐࠇࠆ㧔࿑ 3(b)㧕㧚ߐࠄߦශട㔚࿶ߩ਄᣹ߣߣ߽ߦ᳓Ṣᓘߪዊߐߊߥࠅ㧘࿑ 3(c) ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦࠦ࡯ࡦ⁁ߦߥߞߚᶧṢవ┵߆ࠄᓸ☸ൻ߇⿠߈ࠆ㧚ශട㔚࿶ߩ๟ᵄᢙᄌൻߦࠃࠆ㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻ߳ߩᓇ㗀᷹ߐࠇߚ㧚㧔ࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ 10cSt, 6kV㧕৻ᣇ㧘ᱜᭂᕈ⋥ᵹ㜞㔚࿶㔚࿶ࠍශടߒߚ႐วߢߪ㧘๟ᵄᢙ 60Hz ߩ੤ᵹ㜞㔚࿶ߩ႐วߣᲧߴߡ㧘᳓Ṣߩ⋥ᓘߪᄢ߈Fig.4 The effect of the applied voltage frequency on theatomization.㧔Silicone oil 10cSt, 6kV㧕ߊ㧘
10kV ࠍශടߒߚቯᏱ⁁ᘒߢߪ⚂ 0.3mm ⒟ᐲߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߘࠇࠁ߃ࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ૞⵾ߦߪ㧘ࠃࠅዊߐߥ᳓Ṣᓘ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ੤ᵹ㜞㔚࿶ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘੹࿁૶↪ߒߚශട㔚࿶ߩ▸࿐ౝߢߪࡁ࠭࡞㔚ᭂㇱಽߢߩ᡼㔚ߪ᷹ⷰߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚߩߢ㧘ᴤߩഠൻ߳ߩᓇ㗀ߪߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚(a) 1kV(b) 2kV(a)

10Hz(b)

60Hz

(c)

300Hz

(d)1kHz࿑ 5ශട㔚࿶ߩ๟ᵄᢙᄌൻߦࠃࠆ㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻ߳ߩᓇ㗀㧔ࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ 100cSt, 6kV㧕

Fig.5 The effect of the applied voltage frequency on theatomization.㧔Silicone oil 100cSt, 6kV㧕(c) 3kV
࿑3(d) 4kVශട㔚࿶ߩᄌൻߦࠃࠆ㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻ߳ߩᓇ㗀㧔ࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ 100cSt, 60Hz㧕

Fig.3 The effect of the applied voltage on the atomization.
㧔Silicone oil 100cSt, 60Hz㧕
3.2 ๟ᵄᢙߣ☼ᕈߦࠃࠆᓇ㗀 ࿑ 4 ߣ࿑ 5 ߪߘࠇߙࠇ 10cSt ߣ 100cSt ߩࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤࠍ↪޿ߚ႐วߩฦ๟ᵄᢙߦ߅ߌࠆቯᏱ⁁ᘒߦߥߞߚߣ߈ߩߩᓘߪዊߐߊߥࠅ㧘ᶧṢߩ୘ᢙߪჇ߃ߡྃ㔵Ớᐲߪᄢ߈ߊߥࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ㅪ⛯⋧ߩ☼ᕈ߇㜞ߊߥࠆߣ㧘ᓸ☸ൻߩ᭽ሶߪ
ྃ㔵⁁߆ࠄ㔕⁁ߦߥࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪㅪ⛯⋧ߦ⫳⇐᳓ࠍ૶↪ߒ㧘ಽᢔ⋧ߦ☼ᕈߩ⇣ߥࠆࠤࡠࠪࡦ߿ࡅࡑࠪᴤࠍ↪޿ߚ o/wࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ૞⵾ߦ߅ߌࠆ☼ᕈߩᓇ㗀ߣߪㅒߩ௑ะߢ޽ߞߚ 㧕㧚
3.3 ☸ᓘ․ᕈ

ᓸ☸ൻߩ᭽ሶߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᓸ☸ൻߪࡁ࠭࡞ࠃࠅ 3 ᰴర⊛ߦ↢ߓ

࿑ 6 ߪ㔕⁁ߦᶧṢ߇ྃ㔵ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ߈ߩ᜛ᄢ᠟ᓇߒ

ࠆߚ߼㧘ታ૕㗼ᓸ㏜ߩὶὐࠃࠅᄖࠇߚ᳓Ṣߩᓇ㗀߇↹௝਄ߚ᳓Ṣ↹௝ࠍ␜ߔ㧚ߎߩ႐วߩᐔဋ☸ᓘߪ⚂ 10Pm ߢ޽ߞߦỚ᷆ߣߒߡ⴫ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚๟ᵄᢙ߇㜞ߊߥࠆߣᓸ☸ൻ᳓Ṣߚ㧚࿑ 7 ߣ࿑ 8 ߪㅪ⛯⋧߇ߘࠇߙࠇ 10cSt ߣ 100cSt ߩࠪ࡝

/11Mean diameter of droplets [Pm]ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤਛߦ߅޿ߡශട㔚࿶㧘๟ᵄᢙࠍᄌൻߐߖߚߣ߈ߦ
㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻߢᓧࠄࠇߚᓸዊ᳓Ṣߩᐔဋ☸ᓘߩᄌൻࠍ␜ߔ㧚ᓸ☸ൻ㐿ᆎ㔚࿶ߪߤߩ๟ᵄᢙߦ߅޿ߡ߽ 2㨪

3kV ߢ޽ࠅ㧘㔚࿶߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߦߟࠇߡ☸ᓘ߇ዊߐߊߥࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆
ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘๟ᵄᢙ߇Ⴧടߔࠆߣ☸ᓘߪዊߐߊߥࠆ㧚ᧄᚻᴺߢߪ⚂ 10Pm ߆ࠄ 80Pm ⒟ᐲߩᓸዊ᳓Ṣ߇↢ᚑߐࠇߚ㧚ࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤߩ☼ᕈߩ㆑޿ߦࠃࠆᓸ☸ൻߩ⍍㑆↹௝㧔࿑ 4㧘5㧕ߪ⇣ߥࠆ߇㧘୘‫ߩޘ‬ᶧṢߩ☸ᓘߪ߶߶หߓߢ޽ࠆߎߣ
߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚᷹ⷰߐࠇߚᓸ☸ൻ᳓Ṣߢᦨ߽ዊߐ޿߽ߩߪ๟ᵄ

100

1Hz
10Hz
60Hz
300Hz
1kHz806040200

ᢙ 1kHz 㧘㔚࿶ 8kV ߩ᧦ઙߢ㧘⋥ᓘ⚂ 4Pm ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߥ02߅㧘ᓸ☸ൻ᳓Ṣߩ☸ᓘߪ⸥㍳ߒߚേ↹ࠃࠅ㧘ઍ⴫⊛ߥ↹௝ࠍㆬ߮㧘ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯਄ߢ↹௝ಣℂ࠰ࡈ࠻㧔Illustrator㧘
Ver.10 ߣ IP Lab Spectrum㧘Ver.3.0㧕ࠍ↪޿ߡ▚಴ߒߚ㧚⚂

46

810

Applied voltage [kV]
࿑ 8 㔚࿶㧙ᐔဋ☸ᓘ․ᕈ㧔ࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ 100cSt㧕
Fig.8 Relation between the applied voltage and mean diameterof droplets.㧔Silicone oil 100cSt㧕

50 ୘ߩᶧṢࠍ฽߻↹௝߆ࠄᐔဋ☸ᓘ㧘ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ߅ࠃ߮☸
ᓘಽᏓࠍ᳞߼ߚ㧚50

ߣ 1kHz ߦ߅ߌࠆ☸ᓘಽᏓࠍ␜ߔ㧚߹ߚ㧘๟ᵄᢙ 1kHz ߩ

Distribution rate [%]࿑ 9 ߣ࿑ 10 ߪࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ 100cSt ߩ႐วߩ๟ᵄᢙ 60Hz
40

4kV
6kV
8kV

30

20

1000

20

4060

80

100 120 140 160

Droplets diameter [Pm]

࿑ 6 ᴤਛߩ᳓Ṣߩ᭽ሶ
Fig.6 Image of water droplets in oil.

࿑ 9 ☸ᓘಽᏓ․ᕈ㧔ࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ 100cSt, 60Hz㧕

㧔Silicone oil 100cSt, 8kV, 1kHz㧕

Fig.9 Distribution of droplets diameter.

1001Hz10Hz60Hz300Hz1kHz8060Distribution rate [%]Mean diameter of droplets [Pm]

㧔Silicone oil 100cSt, 60Hz㧕
6040
2000246810Applied voltage [kV]
࿑ 7 㔚࿶㧙ᐔဋ☸ᓘ․ᕈ㧔ࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ 10cSt㧕

Fig.7 Relation between the applied voltage and mean diameterof droplets.㧔Silicone oil 10cSt㧕

6050

50

4kV
6kV
8kV

40

4030302010200100 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 2426 28 300020406080

100 120 140 160

Droplets diameter [Pm]
࿑ 10 ☸ᓘಽᏓ․ᕈ㧔ࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ 100cSt, 1kHz㧕

Fig.10 Distribution of droplets diameter.
㧔Silicone oil 100cSt, 1kHz㧕

123012006႐วߦߪᓸ☸ൻߐࠇߚᶧṢߩ☸ᓘߪ 30Pm એਅߢ޽ߞߚߚ߼㧘࿑ 10 ߢߪฝ਄ㇱಽߦᓸዊ☸ᓘ▸࿐ߦ߅ߌࠆಽᏓࠍ

Nozzle㧔I=350Pm㧕␜ߔ㧚ශട㔚࿶ 4kV ߩߣ߈ߦߪ☸ᓘߪ㧘᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᄢ߈ߐߩ߽ߩ߇৻᭽ߦಽᏓߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚60Hz ߩߣ߈ᐔဋ
☸ᓘߪ 58Pm ߢ㧘ᮡḰ஍Ꮕߪ 24Pm ߢ޽ࠆ㧚৻ᣇ㧘1kHz(a)

ೋᦼ⁁ᘒ

(c)

1 ಽᓟ(b)

5 ⑽ᓟ

(d)

8 ಽᓟ

ߩߣ߈ᐔဋ☸ᓘߪ 15Pm ߢ㧘ᮡḰ஍Ꮕߪ 7Pm ߢ޽ࠆ㧚6kVߩ႐ว߽㧘ᄙዋ☸ᓘߦ߫ࠄߟ߈ߪ޽ࠆ㧚8kV ߢߪ㧘60Hzߩߣ߈ᐔဋ☸ᓘߪ 33Pm ߢ㧘ᮡḰ஍Ꮕߪ 12Pm ߢ޽ࠅ㧘
1kHz ߩߣ߈ᐔဋ☸ᓘߪ 9Pm ߢ㧘ᮡḰ஍Ꮕߪ 3Pm ߣߥߞߚ㧚ශട㔚࿶ߩჇടߦ઻޿㧘☸ᓘಽᏓ߇⁜ߊߥࠅᓸ☸ൻߐ

࿑ 11ࠇߚ᳓Ṣߩ☸ᓘ߇ߘࠈߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚߹ߚ๟ᓸ☸ൻ᳓Ṣ㇭ߩ゠〔㧔ࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ 10cSt, 6kV㧕ᵄᢙ߇㜞޿߶߁߇☸ᓘߪዊߐߊߥࠅ㧘ಽᏓ᏷߽ዊߐ޿ᶧṢFig.11 Photographs of jet flow trajectories.

߇ᒻᚑߢ߈ࠆ㧚

㧔Silicone oil 10cSt, 6kV㧕

3.4 '*& ലᨐߦࠃࠆᓸ☸ൻ᳓Ṣ⟲ߩ゠〔ᦨ߽☸ᓘߩዊߐߥ᳓Ṣ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ๟ᵄᢙ 1kHz ߩ႐วߩᓸ☸ൻ᳓Ṣ⟲ߩ゠〔ࠍ᷹ⷰߒߚ㧚࿑ 11 ߣ࿑ 12 ߪߘࠇߙࠇ 10cSt ߣ 100cSt ߩࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤਛߢߩᓸ☸ൻ᳓Ṣ⟲ߩ゠〔ߩᤨ㑆ߩ⚻ㆊߦኻߔࠆ᭽ሶߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߤߜࠄߩ᧦ઙߦ߅޿ߡ߽㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻ㐿ᆎ߆ࠄ⚂ 8 ಽߢ 2mL ߩ⫳⇐᳓ߪᴤਛߦ

(a)

ೋᦼ⁁ᘒ

(b)

10 ⑽ᓟ

(c)

1 ಽᓟ(d)8 ಽᓟಽᢔߒߚ㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡή㔚࿶ᤨߢߪ⫳⇐᳓ߪ⚂
0.15mL/min ߩଏ⛎㊂ߦ⸳ቯߒߡ޽ࠆ߇㔚࿶ࠍශടߔࠆߎ
ߣߢ㧘㕒㔚᳇ജߦࠃߞߡ↢ߓߚ EHD ലᨐߩߚ߼ߦᵹ㊂߇
⚂ 0.25mL/min ߹ߢჇടߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚ᓸ⚦᳓Ṣ߇ⵝ⟎ౝߦ৻᭽ߦಽᏓߒߡ㧘⊕ߊỘߞߚ⁁ᘒߣߥߞߚ㧚࿑ 12ⵝ⟎ߪ⍱ᒻߢ޽ࠆߚ߼㧘ࡁ࠭࡞߆ࠄࠫࠚ࠶࠻⁁ߦྃ಴ߔᓸ☸ൻ᳓Ṣ㇭ߩ゠〔㧔ࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ 100cSt, 6kV㧕ࠆᓸ☸ൻ᳓Ṣ⟲ߪࡁ࠭࡞ߣኻ㕙ߔࠆოߦࠃࠅ゠〔߇ᦛ߇Fig.12 Photographs of jet flow trajectories.

ࠅ㧘EHD ലᨐߦࠃߞߡ↢ߓߚⵝ⟎ౝࠍᓴⅣߔࠆᵹࠇߦᴪ

㧔Silicone oil 100cSt, 6kV㧕ߞߡ⒖േߒ⛯ߌࠆ㧚⏛᳇ᡬᜈⵝ⟎ࠍ૬↪ߔࠆߎߣߢဋ৻ߥw/o ࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦ߇૞⵾ߢ߈ࠆ㧚☼ᕈߩૐ޿ 10cSt ߩࠪ࡝ߚߛߒ㧘M w ߪ᳓Ṣߩ⾰㊂㧘M m ߪ᳓Ṣߣห૕Ⓧߩㅪ⛯⋧ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤㅪ⛯⋧ߢߩᓸ☸ൻߩᣇ߇㧘100cSt ߩ႐วߦᲧߴߡ

ߩ⾰㊂㧘g ߪ㊀ജടㅦᐲ㧘a ߪ᳓Ṣߩඨᓘ㧘v ߪ᳓Ṣߩᴉࡁ࠭࡞߆ࠄߩࠫࠚ࠶࠻ᵹߪ⚦ߊ㧘ⵝ⟎ౝㇱ߳ߩᐢ߇ࠅ߽ଦ

㒠ㅦᐲ㧘K ߪᇦ⾰ߩ☼ᕈଥᢙߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᵹേߩᓇ㗀߿ᶧṢㅴߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚ࠫࠚ࠶࠻ᵹߩ⊒↢ߪᓸዊᶧṢߩャߩಝ㓸ߪߥ޿ߣ઒ቯߒߚ㧚ߎߩᓸಽᣇ⒟ᑼࠃࠅ㧘᳓Ṣߩ⚳ㅍᛛⴚߣߒߡ߽೑↪ߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚┵ᴉ㒠ㅦᐲߪ

3.5 ࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ቟ቯᕈvf #g (M w  M m )           㧔2㧕
6S a K૞⵾ߒߚࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ቟ቯᐲࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ᓸዊ᳓Ṣߩᴉ㒠ㆇേࠍᬌ⸛ߒߚ㧚ᴤਛߦᶋㆆߔࠆ 1 ୘ߩᓸዊ᳓

ߣߥࠆ㧚ᑼ㧔2㧕߆ࠄࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ㧔10cSt㧘100cSt㧕ਛߩṢߩㆇേᣇ⒟ᑼߪᰴᑼߩࠃ߁ߥᘠᕈജߣࠬ࠻࡯ࠢࠬߩᴺ

ᓸዊ᳓Ṣߩᴉ㒠ㅦᐲߣ᳓Ṣߩ☸ᓘߩ㑐ଥࠍ࿑ 13 ߦ␜ߔ㧚ೣߦࠃࠆ☼ᕈᛶ᛫ߩജ߇㊀ജߣߩࡃ࡜ࡦࠬߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ㧚

10cSt ߩࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤߢߪ᳓Ṣߩᴉ㒠ㅦᐲߪ 100sSt ߩ႐วMwdv
 6SK avdt

( M w  M m ) g       㧔1㧕ߣᲧߴߡ⚂ 20 ୚ㅦߊߥࠆߎߣ߇੍᷹ߐࠇࠆ㧚࿑ 7㧘࿑ 8ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘੹࿁૞⵾ߒߚ w/o ဳࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߪ๟ᵄᢙ1kHz㧘ශട㔚࿶ 8kV ߩ᧦ઙߦ߅޿ߡᐔဋ☸ᓘ߇⚂ 10Pm

/13Settling velocity [mm/h]

354㧚߹ߣ߼ࡁ࠭࡞ኻ࡝ࡦࠣ㔚ᭂ♽ࠍ↪޿ߚᶧ/ᶧ♽㕒㔚ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬⵝ

30
10cSt100cSt25⟎ࠍ⹜૞ߒ㧘ߘߩ╙৻Ბ㓏ߣߒߡ㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻߦࠃࠆࠛࡑ࡞
࡚ࠪࡦߩ૞⵾․ᕈߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ߴߚ㧚

20

㧔1㧕 ࡁ࠭࡞㔚ᭂߦ੤ᵹ㔚࿶ࠍශടߒߚ႐ว㧘㔚࿶߿๟15ᵄᢙ߇㜞ߊߥࠆ߶ߤᓸዊߥ᳓Ṣ߇↢ᚑߐࠇ㧘ߘߩ

10☸ᓘಽᏓ߽⁜ߊߥࠆ㧚1kHz㧘8kV ߩߣ߈ߢᐔဋ
☸ᓘߪ⚂ 102m ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚

5
㧔2㧕

00

10

20

30

40

ᵹേߦࠃࠆᵹࠇߦߩߞߡⵝ⟎ౝࠍᓴⅣߔࠆ㧚

50

Droplet diameter [2m]

㧔3㧕

࿑ 13 ࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤਛߩᓸዊ᳓Ṣߩᴉ㒠ㅦᐲ੹࿁૞⵾ߒߚ w/o ဳࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߪᤨ㑆ߣߣ߽ߦᓸዊ᳓Ṣߩಝ㓸߇⿠߈ࠆ߇㧘⇇㕙ᵴᕈ೷ࠍ૶߁

Fig.13 Calculated settling velocity as a function of droplet

ߎߣߥߊ㧘ࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ 10cSt ߩㅪ⛯⋧ߦ߅޿ߡ

diameter.

ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᑼ㧔2㧕߆ࠄ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ 10cSt ߦ߅㕒㔚ᓸ☸ൻߦࠃࠆ⊒↢ߒߚᓸ☸ൻ᳓Ṣ⟲ߪ EHDߪ⚂ 15 ᤨ㑆㧘100cSt ߦ߅޿ߡߪ⚂ 50 ᤨ㑆቟ቯߒߡ޿ߚ㧚ߌࠆᴉ㒠ㅦᐲߪ⚂ 1.5mm/h㧘100cSt ߦ߅޿ߡߪ⚂ 0.05mm/hෳ⠨ᢥ₂ߣߥࠅ㧘࡝ࠕࠢ࠲࡯ౝߩㅪ⛯⋧ߩ㜞ߐࠍ 5cm ߣߔࠆߣ㧘㕒㔚᳇ቇળ✬㧘ᣂ  㕒㔚᳇ࡂࡦ࠼ࡉ࠶ࠢ㧘p.738㧘
ࠝ࡯ࡓ␠ (1998)
2) A. Watanabe, K. Higashitsuji, and K. Nishizawa : J.
Colloid and Interface Sci., 64 (1978) 278
3) M. Sato, T. Hatori and M. Saito : IEEE Trans. Ind.
Applicat, 33 (1997) 1527
4) O. Urdahl㧘 T. J. Williams㧘 A. G. Bailey and M. T.
Thew : Trans. IChemE., 74 (1996) 1585) ㊄ᴛ⺈ม㧘቟ᒻჽผ㧘ᄢਭ଻೑৻㧘㊁ᧄᐘᴦ㧦㕒㔚᳇ቇળో࿖ᄢળ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸’03, p.73, 㕒㔚᳇ቇળ (2003)
6) J. S. Eow, M. Ghadiri and A. Sharif: Colloids and Surfaces
A㧦Physicochem. Eng. Aspects㧘 225 (2003) 1937) ▽࿾ቁᤘ㧘ᄢጊ㦖৻㇢㧘㊄ฎ༑ઍᴦ㧦㕒㔚᳇ቇળ⹹㧘17 (1993) 411
8) J. Zeleny : Phys. Rev., 3 (1914) 699) M. A. Nawaba and S. G. Mason : Journal of Colloid
Science, 13 (1958) 179
10) ጊᧄᴺᵏ㧘⿒ፄୃ৻㧘㊄ᴛ⺈ม㧘ᄢਭ଻೑৻㧘㊁ᧄᐘᴦ㧦㕒㔚᳇ቇળో࿖ᄢળ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸’01, p.35, 㕒㔚᳇ቇળ (2001)
11) ᢧ⮮ᱜᶈ㧘૒⮮ᱜਯ㧦㕒㔚᳇ቇળ⹹, 17 (1993) 200

㜞ߐ 5cm ߩߣߎࠈߦ޽ࠆ᳓Ṣ߇ᴉ㒠ߔࠆߩߦⷐߔࠆᤨ㑆ߪࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ 10cSt ߦ߅޿ߡߪ⚂ 33 ᤨ㑆㧘100cSt ߦ߅޿ߡߪ⚂ 944 ᤨ㑆ߦߥࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ታ㛎ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘☸ᓘ߇⇣ߥࠆᄙᢙߩ᳓Ṣ߇࡝ࠕࠢ࠲࡯ౝߦಽᢔߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߿㧘᳓Ṣห჻ߩಝ㓸߇⿠ߎࠆߥߤ⃻⽎ߪⶄ㔀ߦߥࠆ㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘1kHz㧘8kV ߩ᧦ઙߢ੹࿁૞⵾ߒߚࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߪ㧘ࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ᳓ߣᴤ߇ಽ㔌ߒߡ㧘࡝ࠕࠢ࠲࡯ౝߩᐩߦ᳓߇ᴉ㒠ߒ㧘ㅪ⛯⋧ߢ޽ࠆᴤ߇⋡ⷞߦࠃࠅㅘ᣿ߥ⁁ᘒߦߥࠆ߹ߢߦⷐߔࠆᤨ㑆ߪࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ 10cSt ߢ⚂ 15 ᤨ㑆㧘
100cSt ߢߪ⚂ 50 ᤨ㑆ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚৻ᣇ㧘ࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ 400mLߣ⫳⇐᳓ 2mL ࠍᡬᜈߐߖߡᯏ᪾⊛ߦ૞⵾ߒߚࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ⋡ⷞߦࠃࠆಽ㔌߹ߢߩᤨ㑆ߪࠪ࡝ࠦ࡯ࡦᴤ 10cSt ߦ߅޿ߡߪ⚂ 20 ಽ㧘100cSt ߦ߅޿ߡߪ⚂ 7 ᤨ㑆ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚੹࿁૶↪ߒߚⵝ⟎ߢߪ㧘⇇㕙ᵴᕈ೷ࠍ૶߁ߎߣߥߊ቟ቯߒߚࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦࠍ૞⵾ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߥ߅㧘ߎߩࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߦᱜߣ⽶ߦ⋥ᵹ⩄㔚ߒߚ᳓Ṣࠍᵈ౉ߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦౝߦಽᢔߔࠆᓸ⚦᳓Ṣࠍขࠅㄟߺ㧘ಝ㓸⢈ᄢൻߒߡ㊀ജᴉ㒠ߔࠆߎߣࠃࠅࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ⸃੃ൻ߇ଦㅴߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߒߚ㧚⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ
╙ 2 ႎߢㅀߴࠆ㧚1)