Annual Newsletter of the Slavic-Eurasian Research Center, Hokkaido University

S LAVIC-EURASIANR ESEARCHC ENTER NEWSNo. 26
December 20192019 Summer International Symposium“Global Crisis of Democracy? The Rise andEvolution of Authoritarianism and Populism”
Authoritarianism and populism
have become conspicuous phenomena in world politics. The era
has passed when all the countriesof the world were believed to
become democratized sooner orlater and Western countries were
thought of as eternal exemplarymodels of liberal democracy.
Today’s authoritarianism is generally more sophisticated thanthat of the interwar and Cold
War periods, and populism isenergized by problems related
to globalization. But there is no
Question-and-answer in session 4
consensus as to whether the rise of
authoritarianism and populism poses long-term threats to liberal democracy or is a temporary
phenomenon. While authoritarian and populistic leaders often hold similar values and have
similar modes of behavior, analytical frameworks and tools for authoritarianism and for
populism are very different. Comparative study of authoritarianism and populism remains
an underdeveloped field that requires innovation. In an attempt to make a step forward in the
direction of development of this study, the SRC organized the annual summer symposiumon July 4–5, 2019, with the sponsorship of two JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research:“Comparative Study of the Rise of Authoritarianism and Populism” headed by Uyama
Tomohiko and “Economic Policies of Emerging Democracies in the Post-Neoliberal Period”
headed by Sengoku Manabu.
The symposium consisted of the following six sessions: “Approaches and Perspectives
in Empirical Analysis of Populism”; “Internal and International Aspects of AuthoritarianNo.26 December 2019

Politics in Post-Soviet States”;“Sources of Authoritarianism and
Its Governing Capacity”; “Transformation of Authoritarianism inRussia and China”; “Comparative
Populism: Eastern Europe andLatin America”; and “Populism
and the Economy.” Sixteen scholars presented papers with richdata and theoretical suggestions.
Naturally, their definitions ofReport of session 6
authoritarianism and populism
varied, as did their evaluations of the political regime of one or another country. But someconsensus was formed as to the need for analyzing the personalization of political leadershipin the contexts of social change and international relations, as well as the need for seeking
reasons for the rise of authoritarianism and populism not only in economy and culture, butalso in problems related to security, sovereignty, and historical experiences.

Speakers at the Symposium

Uyama Tomohiko

Nishikawa Masaru (Tsuda University, Japan), “Was the People’s Party in the United States Really Populistic?”
Bruno Castanho Silva (University of Cologne), “Never Mind, I’ll Find Someone Like Me: The Relationshipbetween Perceived Representation and Populist Attitudes”
Yoshida Toru (Hokkaido University, Japan), “Is Populism Really Absent in Japan? An Institutional Approach
to Its Regional Politics”
Thomas Ambrosio (North Dakota State University, USA), “Hereditary Grooming in the Former Soviet Union:
An Authoritarian Strategy for Patronal Presidential Regimes”
John Heathershaw (University of Exeter, UK), “Transnational Uncivil Society: A Framework for Discussion
from Eurasia and Beyond” (co-authored with Alexander Cooley, Columbia University)
Uyama Tomohiko (SRC), “Authoritarianism and Nationalism in Central Asia: Do Political Regime and Foreign
Relations Correlate?”
Roberto Stefan Foa (University of Cambridge, UK), “The Authoritarian Challenge: Democratic Legitimacy
in Post-Authoritarian States”
Roula Nezi (University of Surrey, UK), “Authoritarian Legacies and Their Effect on Political Attitude Formation”
Kamo Tomoki (Keio University, Japan), “Groping for a Better Way: The Relationship between the CCP andSociety”
Ogushi Atsushi (Keio University, Japan), “Russian Deputy Ministers: Patrimonial or Technocratic Elites?”Catherine Owen (University of Exeter, UK), “Participatory Authoritarianism: From Bureaucratic Transformation to Civic Participation in Russia and China”
Kurt Weyland (University of Texas at Austin, USA), “Populism’s Threat to Democracy: Comparative Lessons
for the U.S.”
Murakami Yusuke (Kyoto University, Japan), “‘Populism’ in 21st Century Latin America”
Sengoku Manabu (SRC), “Populist Governments and Economy: Differences between PiS and FIDESZ”
Pavol Baboš (Comenius University, Slovakia), “Economic Populism in Central Europe: Comparing the Czech
Republic and Slovakia”
Licia Cianetti (Royal Holloway, University of London, UK), “Re-reading Democracy’s Hollowing andBacksliding through the Baltic Prism”

2

No.26 December 2019

Slavic-Eurasian Research Center 2018 WinterInternational Symposium “Languages Rising
above Empires, Blocs, and Unions 1918–2018”
The above international symposium was held on December
13 and 14, 2018 was a commemorative year for East European countries, marking thecentennial of the founding of theFirst Czechoslovak Republic,
the independence of Poland, andthe founding of the Kingdom ofSerbs, Croats, and Slovenes (socalled “First Yugoslavia”). Theyexperienced socialism after WorldWar II and were democratizedby the so-called Eastern Europe
Revolution at the end of the 20th
century. While they have much
A discussionin common, each nation had
different processes and many experienced war. Thus, the last hundred years proved to be ahighly volatile period in Eastern European history.
Of course, such social changes have influenced local people to varying degrees. The symposium focused on the languages spoken in these nations, as one of the fields of influence, andstudies on changes of the language situation caused by the social changes and changes of thelanguage structure itself
were discussed. To be
more precise, “Language
Policy and Language
Planning,” “Diversification of Languages,”and “Language Contact
and Linguistic Change”
were common subjectsof the symposium. The
symposium participants
were world-leading researchers from Europe,
North America, andJapan. Although socioParticipants of the symposium
linguistics was the main
field of study because language was the major theme of the symposium, not only linguists
but also historians, sociologists, political scientists, and anthropologists participated in the
symposium, which provided them with an opportunity for interdisciplinary language studies
and active exchange of opinions. The total number of participants of the two-day symposium
was 105. Many came from outside Hokkaido, indicating the wide degree of interest it attracted.
3

No.26 December 2019

For the symposium program, please refer to the corresponding page of the Center’s website(http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/sympo/2018winter/index.html).
Before the symposium, a joint seminar entitled “Dynamics of Language and Nationalism:
the Cases of the Former Yugoslavia and Soviet Union” organized by SRC and the Institutefor Russian Studies at Waseda University was held. In the seminar, impassioned discussion
was made in particular by Snježana Kordić (Independent Scholar) and Michael Moser(University of Vienna), who were also participants of the symposium. The proceedings ofthe symposium entitled Languages and Nationalism Instead of Empires will be publishedby Routledge in the near future.

Speakers at the Symposium

Nomachi Motoki

Joep Leerssen (University of Amsterdam, Netherlands), “Language or Dialect? A Crux in the History ofCentral-European Nation-Building”
Elena Boudovskaia (Georgetown University, USA), “Codification of Vojvodina Rusyn: Language Ideology
in Kosteljnik’s Grammar of 1923”
Kiyosawa Shiori (SRC), “Rethinking the Graphization Process of the Belarusian Language in Eastern andWestern Belarus in the Interwar Period”
Jan Ivar Bjørnflaten (University of Oslo, Norway), “The Making of Soviet Standard Russian and Its Post-Soviet
Re-Making”
Annemarie Sorescu-Marinković (Institute for Balkan Studies SASA, Serbia) and Monica Huțanu (West
University of Timișoara, Romania), “Standardizing Vlach Romanian—A Recent Endeavour?”Tomasz Wicherkiewicz (Adam Mickiewicz University / SRC), “The Latvian (In)Dependence and the LatgalianLanguage Question”
Aleksandra Salamurović (Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany) and Nomachi Motoki (SRC), “Script
Revitalization? Reemergence of Old Scripts among South Slavs”
Snježana Kordić (Independent Scholar), “Ideology Against Language: The Current Situation in South Slavic
States”
Romuald Huszcza (University of Warsaw, Poland), “The Pragmatics of Newspeak in the East and West: A
Universal Tool of Communication in Politics?”
Mitani Keiko (The University of Tokyo, Japan), “Legal Language Questions in the History of Serbian, Croatian,and Montenegrin: The Nineteenth-century Situation Viewed from the Perspective of Forensic Linguistics”
Neil Bermel (The University of Sheffield, UK), “Democratizing Linguistic Forms: Language Regulation andDiachronic Shifts in Czech”
Eleonora Yovkova-Shii (Toyama University, Japan), “Change and Variation in the Bulgarian Language of
the Internet and Social Media”
Vera Zvereva (University of Jyväskylä, Finland), “Attitudes to Linguistic Accuracy among Russian-Speaking
Social Media Users”
Tomasz Kamusella (University of St Andrews, UK), “Silesian: Between Suppression in Poland and Flourishingon the Web”
Michael Moser (University of Vienna, Austria), “Urban Soviet Ukrainian of the 1920s”
Nomachi Motoki (SRC), “Grammatical Change in Kashubian as a Reflection of Sociolinguistic Change”
Tomasz Wicherkiewicz (Adam Mickiewicz University / SRC), “Letters of Freedom and Captivity: Scriptal
Planning and Language Ideologies in Central-Eastern Europe in the Long Twentieth Century”

Report on the International Symposium,“On Land, Water and Ice: Indigenous
Societies and the Changing Arctic”
The International Symposium, “On Land, Water and Ice: Indigenous Societies and the Changing Arctic” was held on July 5 and 6, 2018, at the Slavic-Eurasian Research Center, Hokkaido
University. Making a feature of the various changes that confront the indigenous people in the4

No.26 December 2019

Arctic, the symposium had two
keynote speeches on the firstday, which were followed by
five sessions of presentations
over two days.
The first three sessions
were organized according
to geographical region: 1.
“Livelihoods and Networks
of People in Siberia”; 2. “TheContemporary Society ofGreenland and Its Future”;
and 3. “Alaska’s Subsistence
A scene of the keynote session
Lifestyle.” They were followedby two other sessions covering broader themes: 4. “Arctic Governance and Knowledge”; and5. “History of the Furthest Coast.” Every session had three presentations, and thus a total of
17 papers were read including the keynote speeches. Three of them were read by researchersor activists representing groups of indigenous people from Siberia, Greenland, and Alaska,
respectively. The most widely used approach among the papers was anthropological, followedby historical, geographical, archeological, and policy science.
A large symposium canseem incoherent as a whole,in spite of individual papers
being excellent. However, in
this symposium, each paper
connected with other papersof different sessions. For example, the issue of fishing
was discussed directly andindirectly in most sessions.
The discussions brought tolight how fishing, which isvery important in the lives ofindigenous people, is under
Excursion to the Ainu village in Nibutani
siege due to pressure fromstates and business concerns. How indigenous people are affected by the problems oflogistics, including infrastructure such as railways, roads, and the Northern Sea Route, wasalso discussed in several sessions. Other topics such as how hunting cultures make use of
the nature around them, and the problems of state governance of localities and indigenous
people’s subsistence, evoked common interest extending over sessions.
These discussions clarified how indigenous people in the Arctic are facing challenges
not only of climate change, but also of the imposition of state regulations, world economic
trends, and European and American standards. At the same time, other papers examined how
indigenous people are starting projects to preserve their own traditional linguistic culture,and the strategies they are deploying in everyday life to make good use of given resources,
no matter how they were originally used, revealing the resilience of the indigenous people
who are living through these changing times.
The 90 participants in this two-day symposium witnessed how the discussions evolved
from the original intentions of the organizers and became connected organically.

Goto Masanori

5

No.26 December 2019

Speakers at the Symposium
Gail Fondahl (University of Northern British Columbia, Canada), “Indigenous Land Rights in Russia: Legal
Provisions and Local Realities”
Vyacheslav Shadrin (Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North, Russia), “TheChanging Arctic: Challenges and Answers to Indigenous Peoples”
Oishi Yuka (JSPS), “Fishing-Herding Complex and Ecological Adaptation of Khanty in Western Siberian Fores”
Vladimir Davydov (Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Russia), “The Energy Regimesof the Arctic and Siberia: The Use of Resources by the Indigenous People in the Context of Socio-Economic
and Ecological Change”
Olga Povoroznyuk (University of Vienna, Austria), “Living along the Baykal-Amur Mainline: Resources,(Im)mobility and Social Change among Indigenous (Evenki) People”
Mark Nuttall (University of Alberta, Canada), “Ice, Climate, and Society in Northwest Greenland”
Alyne Delaney (Tohoku University, Japan), “‘Fish Is Everything’: The Significance of Fisheries in Greenlandic
Communities and Culture”
Mininnguaq Kleist (Greenland Representation to the EU - Brussels), “Greenland’s Political History: A Path
Towards Statehood”
Kishigami Nobuhiro (National Museum of Ethnology, Japan), “Bowhead Hunts as a Cultural Core among theContemporary Inupiat in Barrow, Alaska, USA”
Kenneth Frank (Gwich’in Elder), “Maintaining Gwich’in Culture Through Stories and Caribou Anatomy
Project: Observation of Climate Changes and Subsistence”
Thomas Thornton (University of Oxford, UK), “Yield, Benefit and Flow in Alaska’s Subsistence Economy:
Rethinking Polanyi’s Great Transformation Through Pacific Herring Fisheries”
Sean Desjardins (University of Groningen, Netherlands), “The Arctic Polynya-Oasis: Exploring a Niche ofPrecontact Inuit Resilience”
Amy Lauren Lovecraft (University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA), “Anticipatory Governance in the Arctic:
Researching the Future to Inform Community Adaptation Now”
Stephen J. Leisz (Colorado State University, USA); Shirai Yuko (Hokkaido University), “Impacts ofTelecouplings on Landscape Changes, Rural Transformations, and Urbanization Within the East-West
Economic Corridor from Da Nang, Vietnam, to Khon Kaen, Thailand”
Sergey Glebov (Amherst College, USA), “The Political Ecology of a Pacific Colony: V. K. Arseniev andPopulation Politics in the Late Imperial Far East”
Kaminaga Eisuke (Niigata University of International and Information Studies, Japan) “To the North of theNorthern Sea (Hokuyo): Japanese Fishery in the Bering Sea in the First Half of the 20th Century”
Andreas Renner (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany), “Russia’s Oldest Path of Globalisation:
The Northern Sea Route”

SRC Special Lecture, “New Rome in a
Larger World,” by Dr. Preiser-Kapeller
On November 11 at the SRC, Dr. Johannes Preiser-Kapeller (Austrian Academy of Sciences)delivered a lecture within the framework of the SRC seminar under the title of “New Romein a Larger World: Entanglements and Teleconnections between Byzantium and the Slavic-Eurasian World of the 14th Century CE.” Dr. Preiser-Kapeller is a prominent Byzantinist,but his scope is not at all confined to the inner history of the Byzantine (395–1453). His
perspective goes beyond to a “larger world” with his high expertise in digital humanities
and environmental history. Through this opportunity, he especially addressed the Christian
networks extending to the “East” in the 14th century.

LectureThe Mongol expansion in the 13th and 14th centuries led to the reconfiguration of theAfro-Eurasian world order. Byzantium, which had already shrunk from a Mediterranean
empire to a local dynasty and confronted a new and mighty neighbor, attempted to optimize
6

No.26 December 2019

these circumstances by striking a balance among regional powers. After the dissolution of theMongol empire, Byzantium improved the relationship with the Golden Horde (1242–1502) andthe Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517)—the two main actors of the Caucasian slave trade—by
allowing their commercial activity from the Black Sea (which functioned as the transit area ofthe trade) through the Bosporus to the Mediterranean. In addition, the diplomatic policy was
also affirmative toward the Ilkhanate (1256–1357), the formidable adversary of the former
two. Within this policy, Maria Palaiologina, the (illegitimate) daughter of the Byzantine
Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos (r. 1258–82), was married to the second Ilkhan Abaqa (r.
1265–82). Under these circumstances, the Greek Orthodox Church looked to the East basedon the organizational network of the Patriarchate of Antioch (whose patriarchs were thenmostly in Constantinople in exile) legally as the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and“All the East.” A Catholicos of Romagyris had already since the 8th century been dispatched
far eastward to Samarqand.
On the other hand, the Roman Catholic Church also planned
to expand its network to the Eastby setting the Mendicants—suchas the Franciscans and Dominicans—as the vanguards. They
had a logic to validate activity
in the lands of pagans more thanthe Greek Orthodox Church. The
Roman Catholic Church, which
installed an Archbishopric inSulṭāniyya, the later capital of theIlkhanate, formulated a grand planA scene from the seminar (1)of expansion toward Samarqand
and Quilon, a southern edge of the Indian subcontinent, despite the fact that the plan did
not bear fruit due to the fragmentation of the Ilkhanate after 1336. However, eventually, thenetwork of the Roman Catholic Church was further expanded and more efficiently maintained
than that of the Greek Orthodox Church. John of Pian di Carpine (1182–1252), a Franciscanmonk, was sent by order of the Pope to Qara Qorum, the capital of the Mongol empire.
By turning our attention to the northern Slavic world, we can find the accommodationof the Greek Orthodox Church in the realm of the Golden Horde. Byzantium felt it necessary
to cooperate with this power also to defend its borders from aggression by Serbians andBulgarians. An especially firm relationship was created with Nogai (d. 1299), a semi-independent ruler from the Golden Horde, through marriage. After Nogai’s defeat by the Golden
Horde, many refugees flowed into the realm of Byzantium. People worthy of attention in
the Christian context in the Caucasus at this time were the Alans who had already been
partly converted to Christianity in the 10th century. William of Rubruck (ca. 1220–ca. 93),a Franciscan missionary, reported the existence of the Alans in Qara Qorum and other placesacross the Mongol realm. Furthermore, they also appear in the Chinese sources with the termof Asu (阿速) as imperial guards amounting to more than 30,000 at the court of the Yuan
dynasty (1271–1368).
In the middle of the 14th century, the Second Plague Pandemic covered the entire oldworld, which caused a great demographic loss to Byzantium together with other internaland external troubles. However, even in that phase, the Patriarchate of Constantinople wasstill representing itself as the “ecumenical” one. In this context, the Ex-Emperor John VI
Kantakuzenos negotiated on a union of churches with a Papal delegate. As a precious testimony
7

No.26 December 2019at that time, high importance is
attached to two manuscripts preserved in the Austrian National
Library in Vienna containing
over 800 documents from thePatriarchate of Constantinople
for the period 1315–1402 (the socalled Register of the Patriarchateof Constantinople).
Then, by means of network
analysis, Dr. Preiser-Kapeller
traced the network of Metropolitan Symeon of Alania (fl. in
the mid-14th century) and theitinerary of Paulos “Palaiologos” Tagaris, who in 1363–94
traveled from Constantinople toPalestine, Asia Minor, Georgia,
the Black Sea, the realm of
the Golden Horde, Rome, andmany other places across theMediterranean and Europe. Afterthat time, however, regardlessof denominations, the Christian
network was forced to shrink in
the East. It is well known that, atthe beginning of the 15th century,
Archbishop John of Sulṭāniyya
was sent by Tamerlane (1336–1405) to Western Europe in 1403–07, which corresponded to
the final phase of the Latin Archbishoprics in the East. After the waves receded, the Ottomans
came to the fore. In the Siege of Constantinople in 1453, the “miracle” of Timur Leng—in
Ankara in 1402—did not occur again. The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople brought a
new era, when the Ottoman Sultans represented themselves both as the Khan (in the traditionof the Steppes) and basileus (in the Roman-Byzantine tradition).

Discussion
It should be emphasized that a good number of students came to the seminar with various
interests, for example, in the Russian empire (1721–1917) and Timurid dynasty (1370–1507).
The lecture was followed by a fruitful discussion that began with a question asking about thecommunication languages used by Christian churches in negotiation in the East. According
to Dr. Preiser-Kapeller, in many cases, difficulties attended upon communication in the landsof the East. Gregorios Ch(i)oniades who studied with Shams al-Dīn al-Bukhārī was the best
person to engage in such mission on the grounds that he was obviously well versed in eastern
language(s), but it was not always the case. In some cases, persons not at all familiar witheastern languages were dispatched to the East.
The next question inquired about the 14th century itself from the standpoint that, while
the century was apparently that of “crisis” because of, for example, the plague pandemic, thecentury was also a period when newly emerging forces such as the Ottomans commenced
forming their new order. The answer to the question was that, regarding the perception of
8

No.26 December 2019the changes of powers at the time,
we could consider some concepts ofcycles of power like the ʿAsabiyya
theory by Ibn Khaldūn (1332–1406).
On the other hand, Lithuania, which
was still pagan in this time, extended
its influences by conducting wellin between the Roman Catholicand Greek Orthodox Churches.
In this century, we could find thetendency that new powers also likethe Ottomans were able to expand ina more flexible way in comparison
with the well-established powers that
A scene from the seminar (2)appeared to adhere more to the statusquo and theoretical doctrines or principals.
A question was also headed toward “teleconnections,” a term in the subtitle of the lecture.
The term is principally used in the context of environmental history to show some causal
link between two or more distant phenomena like the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. On theother hand, how can we find out about “teleconnections” in the networks that were presented
in this lecture? As an answer, information was exemplified as a case of “teleconnections.”
For example, some information about distant Qara Qorum or the Yuan dynasty to a certain
extent influenced the policy-making of the Roman Catholic Church.
The next question addressed the word “Sogdians” appearing in a 14th-century Christiansource quoted in the lecture. Although the Sogdians almost disappeared after the 11th century,
such anachronistic description continually appears in later Christian sources. Some of thismight come from the fact that description of the Armenians who were active when the
Sogdians engaged in Eurasian trade was applied to the 14th-century environment. Anotherinteresting case, according to Dr. Preiser-Kapeller, is that the word “Tocharians” is used todenote the Mongols in some Byzantine sources.
A student also asked about phenomena “from the East to the West” in the context thatthe lecture mainly focused on the opposite direction of the Christian churches. The student
referred to the case of John of Sulṭāniyya who brought information about Tamerlane to theWest. Dr. Preiser-Kapeller agreed with him in that there are many cases of that direction. With
regard to the mobility of peoples and information of this direction, he mentioned that, parallelto the “official” channels, the “non-official” channels—including suspicious ones—can bealso found. For example, during the Council of Florence in 1439, a group arrived, declaring
themselves envoys from the “king of Ethiopia.” They snatched a large amount of moneyfrom the Pope, but were finally uncovered as fraudulent.
The next question was about conversion on the premise that the three western khanatesof the Mongol empire were eventually Islamized until the latter half of the 14th century. How
much influence of the conversion on the Christian network can we calibrate in this time?
The question was also based on the fact that Muslim sources sometimes overly emphasized
the influence of the Islamization. Dr. Preiser-Kapeller answered that, of course, Byzantium
had already become accustomed to Muslims and Islamic dynasties because they had beenneighbors since a long time before the Mongols arrived. But, this time, the Mongols converted
to Islam while the churches were trying to create their networks. So, the impact of conversion
on the Christian network cannot be underestimated especially in connection with the Mongol
rulers.
9No.26 December 2019

The last question was also asked by a student. Although the churches finally withdrew
from the East, they once went across Eurasia and reached the Far East for the period of theMongol empire. Was such experience utilized in the time of later western expansion? Dr.
Preiser-Kapeller answered—saying “good question!”—that, in the case of the Roman Catholic
Church, such use of earlier experiences was obviously made by the Jesuits when they cameto China. They tried to find information about the East in description written in the periodof the Mongol expansion. They were also interested in finding the tombs of Christians who
had been active in the Yuan period in South China. On the other hand, such attitudes canbe little found in the Greek Orthodox Church. Although the Church in the modern era also
expanded to the East along with the Russian empire, their logic at that time was different
from the previous era. The answer was followed by the additional remark of another professor
that in fact in the Caucasus, especially in Ossetia, the Orthodox Church made reference tothe experience of Alan Christianity in the Mongol period.
It was a stimulative, informative, and educative lecture with an active discussion. We,
the SRC, would really like to express our deep appreciation to Dr. Preiser-Kapeller and allparticipants! The appreciation should also be extended to Prof. Ozawa Minoru (Rikkyo
University) who is one of the main conductors inviting Dr. Preiser-Kapeller to Japan within
the framework of the Rikkyo University International Academic Research Exchange. Without
his kind cooperation, we could not have invited Dr. Preiser-Kapeller to this northern land.

Isahaya Yoichi

Foreign Visitors Fellowship Program

The SRC invited the following scholars as Foreign Fellows for 2018–19 and 2019–20
2018–19
Name: Abikeyeva, Gulnara
Position; Place of Work: Academic Professor of Design Faculty, KazGASA—Kazakh Leading
Academy of Architecture and Design
Research Topic at the SRC: Social Modeling of the “Soviet Man” in Central Asia throughLiterature and Cinema
Name: Waldron, Peter
Position; Place of Work: Professor of History, University of East Anglia, UK
Research Topic at the SRC: Russia’s First World War: The Advance of the Public Sphere
Name: Wicherkiewicz, Tomasz
Position; Place of Work: University Professor at the Chair of Oriental Studies, Adam
Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poland
Research Topic at the SRC: Scripts, writing systems and orthographies in the sociolinguistics,
contact linguistic and language policy studies of the Central-Eastern European Sprachareal

2019–20
Name: Dobrenko, Evgeny
Position; Place of Work: Professor, Head of Department of Russian and Slavonic Studies,
University of Sheffield, UK
10

No.26 December 2019

Research Topic at the SRC: Empire of Words: Soviet Multinational Literature and theImperial Imagination
Name: Garipova, Rozaliya
Position; Place of Work: Assistant Professor, Department of History, Philosophy and Religious
Studies, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan
Research Topic at the SRC: Sharia and the Russian Empire: Family Law and Changing
Muslim Legalities in the Volga-Urals
Name: Gorbachov, Yaroslav
Position; Place of Work: Assistant Professor, Dept. of Linguistics, University of Chicago, USA
Research Topic at the SRC: Literacy and Schooling in Medieval Novgorod
Name: Korolov, Gennadii
Position; Place of Work: Senior Research Fellow, Institute of History of Ukraine, National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Research Topic at the SRC: Federalist Projects in East-Central Europe: From Ideological
Utopia to Realpolitik Policy (1863–1921)
Name: Rubins, Maria
Position; Place of Work: Professor in Russian and Comparative Literature, School of Slavonicand East European Studies, University College London, UK
Research Topic at the SRC: Silent Voices: Russian-Israeli Writing in the Cultural andGeopolitical Context of the Middle East

Our Staff (FY2019)
Adachi Daisuke: Associate Professor, Modern Russian literature and culture; History ofrepresentation in 19th-century Russian literature
Iwashita Akihiro: Professor, Border studies; Tourism; Foreign policy; Northeast Asia
studies; Political geography
Naganawa Norihiro: Professor, Modern history of Central Eurasia
Nomachi Motoki: Professor, Slavic linguistics; Sociolinguistics; General linguistics
Sengoku Manabu: Professor, Comparative politics; Political economy; Welfare policies;
East European politics
Tabata Shinichiro: Professor, Russian economy; Comparative economics; Economy of theRussian Far East and North
Uyama Tomohiko: Professor, Modern history and politics of Central Asia; Comparativeimperial history; Comparative politics
David Wolff: Professor, Russian and Soviet history; Siberia and the Far East; Cold War;Northeast Asian region construction

Assistant Professors
Isahaya Yoichi: History of premodern Central Eurasia, Mongol Empire, and sciences
Takahashi Minori: International politics; Contemporary Greenlandic and Arctic studies

11No.26 December 2019

Specially Appointed Assistant Professors
Goto Masanori: Cultural anthropology
Kato Mihoko: International relations; Russia’s foreign policy; Regionalism in East Asia

Research Fellows
Ito Masaru: History of Russian theatre
Kiyosawa Shiori: Language politics; Slavic linguistics; Belarusian studies
Murakami Tomomi: Archaeology; Archaeology of Central Eurasia
Saito Keiko: History of Japanese and Russian ballet exchange

Library and Information Service Staff
Osuga Mika: Research Associate, Publications
Tonai Yuzuru: Associate Professor, SRC Head Librarian

Ongoing Cooperative Research Projects
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, excluding “Grants-inAid for JSPS Fellows” and “Grants-in-Aid for Publication of Scientific Research Results: Scientific Literature”

Scientific Research A
Headed by Nomachi Motoki: “Multi-hierarchical Approaches to Kashubian Grammar
on the Basis of a Newly Devised Corpus” (2017–21).
Headed by Uyama Tomohiko: “Comparative Study of the Rise of Authoritarianism andPopulism” (2018–21).
Headed by David Wolff: “Multi-Archival Analysis of Critical Junctures in Post-war
Northeast Asia” (2019–23).
Scientific Research B
Headed by Sengoku Manabu: “Economic Policies of the Emerging Democracies in the
Post-neoliberal Period” (2016–19).
Headed by Naganawa Norihiro: “Democracy by Violence in the Twentieth Century:
A Transnational History” (2018–22).
Headed by Tonai Yuzuru: “The Siberian Intervention and the Changing East AsianInternational Environment” (2019–22).
Headed by Adachi Daisuke: “A Comprehensive Study on the Melodramatic Imaginationin Russian and Former Soviet Culture” (2019–23).
Challenging Exploratory Research
Headed by Nomachi Motoki: “Language Change in Banat Bulgarian in Serbia and Its
Current Situation” (2016–19).
Challenging Research
Headed by Komoto Yasuko: “Examination of Materials Left by Japanese Army Concerning Religions in China, Manchuria, Mongolia and Tibet” (2017–19).
Grants-in-Aid for Young Scientists
Headed by Saito Keiko: “‘Japonism Ballet’ in the Time of Imperialism and Revolution:
History, Aesthetics and Politics” (2018–21).
Headed by Ito Masaru: “A Study of the Idea of ‘Fact’ and Methodological Developmentin the late 1920s Russian Theatre” (2019–21).
12

No.26 December 2019

Headed by Murakami Tomomi: “Circulation of Ancient Textiles and Transmissionof Textile Techniques from the Perspective of Central Eurasian Archaeological Materials”(2019–22).
Headed by Takahashi Minori: “Empirical Political Science Research on the Issue ofCompatibility and Contradiction between Science and Indigenous Knowledge in the Arctic
Island of Greenland” (2019–22).
Grants-in-Aid for Young Scientists B
Headed by Adachi Daisuke: “Comprehensive Study on the Relationship between
Language and Gesture in 19th Century Russian Literature” (2015–19).
Headed by Kato Mihoko: “Russia’s Asia Policy after the Annexation of Crimea:
Sinocentrism and/or Diversification” (2017–20).

Visitors from Abroad
Edward Pulford (University of Cambridge, UK): “Chinese Cross-border Consumption
in Northeast Asia” (November 2017 – October 2019)
Laada Bilaniuk (University of Washington, USA): “Comparative Study of English
influence in Ukraine and Poland” (April-July 2018)Charles Che-Jen Wang (Taiwan): “Japan-Russia Territorial Dispute under Systemic
Constraints” (October-November 2018)
Feng Anquan, Ma Youjun, Yin Yong, and Zhang Fenglin (Heilongjiang Provincial
Academy of Social Sciences, PRC) (February 2019)Marta Jaworska-Oknińska (University of Warsaw, Poland): “Service and Corporate
Identity in the Provinces: Collective Petitions and Muscovite Political Culture in the 17th
Century” (September 2019)

Guest Lecturers from Abroad
ArCS International Symposium, “International Symposium on Environment, Development and International Relations in the Arctic” Sebastian Knecht (Berlin Graduate Schoolfor Defense Studies, Germany): “Making the Game or Changing the Rules? Networks ofPower and the Power of Networks in Arctic Governance”; Andrei Golovnev (Peter theGreat Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Russia): “Yamal Nenets: Nomadism
vs. Industrialism”; Arbakhan Magomedov (Ulyanovsk State University, Russia): “Arctic
Resources, Aborigine Land and Political Economy of Current Russian Political Regime:
National and Local Dimensions”; Florian Stammler (University of Lapland, Finland) and
Aytalina Ivanova (North Eastern Federal University, Russia): “Diversity for Sustainability:
Human-Animal Partnerships as Base for Resilient Arctic Societies” (December 11–12, 2017)
Dosym Satpaev (Risk Assessment Group, Kazakhstan): “Вызовы для Центральной
Азии: гибридные угрозы и мягкая сила”; Aleksandr Gabueev (Carnegie Moscow Center,
Russia): “Поворот России к Азии при Путине 4.0: чего ожидать?” (January 31, 2018)
Richard Giragosian (Regional Studies Center, Armenia): “A Region at Risk: Dynamic
Trends in the South Caucasus” (February 2, 2018)
Ljubica Jovanovic (American Public University System): “The Cyrillo-Methodian
Project: The Role of This Translation in the Medieval Literature of the South Slavs” (March
7, 2018)
Nikita Bochkarev (Yakut Scientific Center, Russia): “Competitiveness Inside the Russian Economy: Case of the Regional Insurance Market”; Tuyara Gavril’eva (North-Eastern
13

No.26 December 2019Federal University in Yakutsk, Russia): “Sustainability and Survivability of the Arctic
Communities” (March 19, 2018)
Jasmina Grković Major (University of Novi Sad, Serbia): “Future Tense in South Slavic:
Diachrony and Typology” (March 28, 2018)
Emmanuel Brunet-Jailly (University of Victoria, Canada): “First Lessons from theBorders in Globalization Research Program” (April 19, 2018)
Laada Bilaniuk (University of Washington, USA): “Anglicization and the Post-Soviet
Transformation of Discourse in Ukraine” (April 23, 2018)
Lars Westin (Umea University, Sweden): “Resources, Curses and Urban Developmentin the North? Analysing the Economics of ‘The Barents Region’” (May 14, 2018)
Laada Bilaniuk (University of Washington, USA) and Romuald Huszcza (University of
Warsaw, Poland): “Going West? Impact of English on Changing Languages of the Former
Eastern Bloc” (Round Table) (July 4, 2018)
Zainabidin Abdirashidov (National University of Uzbekistan): “Развитие политическихи интеллектуальных тенденций в Туркестане в начале ХХ века: Взгляд из Стамбула”(July 11, 2018)
Victor Larin (Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of theFar, Russia): “The Present and Potential Connections and Tradeoffs between Arctic and Far
East Policy/Investment” (August 30, 2018)
Bakhtiyor Islamov (Tashkent Branch of the Russian Economic University after G. V.
Plekhanov, Uzbekistan): “Breakthrough in Relations of Uzbekistan with Other Neighbouring
Central Asian States” (September 25, 2018)
Marc Greenberg (University of Kansas, USA): “Peripheral Phenomena in South Slavic?”(October 18, 2018)
International Workshop, “Dynamics of Contemporary Eastern Eurasia” Charles Che-Jen
Wang (Independent Researcher from Taiwan): “Japan-Russia Territorial Dispute Under
Systemic Constraints”; Erdenebat Bataa and Soyolmaa Batbekh (National Universityof Mongolia): “Research (In)Capacity and Brain-Drain of Post-Communist Economists:
Field Experiment from Mongolia”; Tamara Litvinenko (Institute of Geography, Russia):“Population Dynamics and Transformation of Human Settlements in Russia’s Eastern Regions
and Their Relation to Ethnicity and Natural Resource Use” (October 29, 2018)
Gerhard Neweklowsky (Vienna University, Austria): “Burgenland Croatian as aČakavian Literary Language?” (November 15, 2018)
Kristian Feigelson (Sorbonne Nouvelle University, France): “Soviet Film’s War:
Between History and Memories” (January 9, 2019)
Aleksandra Jarosz (Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland): “Nikolay Aleksandrovich
Nevskiy: Self-Made Pioneer of Miyakoan Linguistics, Unwitting Pioneer of Japonic Ethnolinguistics” (January 28, 2019)
Serghei Golunov (Russia): “Russia’s Cross-Border Cooperation in the Light of Global
Experience” (January 31, 2019)
Ritva Kylli (University of Oulu, Finland): “Environmental History of the Arctic”(February 4, 2019)
International Symposium on Northern Languages and Cultures 2019 Natal’ia Tuchkova(Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Russia); Nina Kudriakova (Taimyr Local Lore Museum, Russia); Mariia Pupynina (Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russia); Alexander King(Franklin & Marshall College); Zoia Bolina (Taimyr Local Lore Museum, Russia); Anna
Barbolina (Taimyr Local Lore Museum, Russia) (February 16–17, 2019)
International Symposium, “The Problem of Emotion in Nineteenth-Century Literature:
Dostoevsky, Other Writers and Beyond” Katherine Bowers (University of British Columbia,
14No.26 December 2019

Canada): “Dostoevsky’s Gothic Novel: The Mechanism of Fear in The Idiot”; Ervin Malakaj(University of British Columbia): “On Narrative Efficacy and Boredom in Late-19th-Century
German Fiction” (March 5, 2019)
Fabian Burkhardt (Higher School of Economics, Russia): “Performance Management
and the Implementation of Landmark Executive Orders: Evidence from Russia’s 2012 May
Decrees”; Inna Melnykovska (Central European University, Hungary): “Capital Mobility,
Big Business and the Transformation of Crony Capitalism in Ukraine” (March 11, 2019)
Sarah Thomason (University of Michigan, USA): “Doing Fieldwork on Endangered
Dialects and Languages: The Former Yugoslavia and Montana” (April 23, 2019)
Simonas Strelcovas (Šiauliai University, Lithuania): “Four Seasons in Lithuania(1939–1940): Internees - Refugees - Foreign Legations and Ch. Sugihara”; Rotem Kowner(University of Haifa, Israel): “From the Baltic States to the World: Consul Sugihara and the
Refugees’ Escape” (June 18, 2019)
Vladimir Popov (Dialogue of Civilizations Research Institute, Germany): “Industrial
Policy in Post-Communist Countries” (June 27, 2019)
Andrii Krawchuk (University of Sudbury, Canada): “Why Does Russia Call the Orthodox
Church in Ukraine Schismatic?” (July 2, 2019)
Evangelia Adamou (French National Center for Scientific Research): “Nominal Tense
in Pomak (Slavic, Greece): An Experimental Approach” (July 26, 2019)
Nikolai Gus’kov (Saint Petersburg State University, Russia) and Andrei Kokorin (SaintPetersburg State University): “Кинематограф и литература в СССР 1920–1930-годов:этапы взаимодействия и общие тенденции” (October 22, 2019)
Irina Morozova (University of Regensburg, Germany): “On Resource-Dependency
and Neocolonialism in Late Soviet Central Asia: The Example of Oil Industry in Western
Kazakhstan in the 1980s” (November 5, 2019)
Johannes Preiser-Kapeller (Austrian Academy of Sciences): “New Rome in a Larger
World: Entanglements and Teleconnections between Byzantium and the Slavic-EurasianWorld of the 14th Century CE” (November 11, 2019)15

No.26 December 2019

Seven Months in Sapporo
Tomasz Wicherkiewicz (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland/Foreign
Fellow, 2018)“A new scholarly life begins after . . .
habilitation”—as I could trivially state,being a member of the Polish academia,
where that degree qualification still features a scholar’s “maturity.” In my case,however, the formula of habilitacja
indeed did mark a truly new period of
the academic path.
Not long after the accomplishmentof quite stressful procedures, precededby a major health crisis, I was invited
to a panel on “Minority and Regional
Languages” at the 6th World Congressof Polonists in June 2016, Katowice,
Poland. During the panel, organized by
Prof. Jolanta Tambor and led by Prof.
Gerd Hentschel, I had an opportunity topersonally meet the legendary Japanese
linguist, Prof. Motoki Nomachi, aneminent specialist in Slavic studies,a genuine scholar and enthusiast ofknowledge, and soon a great colleague,
T. Wicherkiewicz & Cisewith whom it turned out I shared many
common scholarly interests. A few months later, in December 2016, on his invitation, I had
the pleasure to participate in the annual Winter Symposium of the Slavic-Eurasian ResearchCenter “25 Years After: Post-Communism’s Vibrant Diversity”11 and to present my paper,
later published as “Minority Languages of Poland: Dynamics of Contacts and Changes after1989” in Acta Slavica Iaponica.22
These were, however, not my first contacts with the Slavic(-Eurasian) Research Center,with Sapporo and its Hokkaidō University. As Prof. Alfred F. Majewicz’s disciple, I had
had an opportunity to investigate the background and achievements of the International
Committee for the Restoration and Assessment of Bronisław Piłsudski’s Work—“carried out
at Hokkaidō University with its prime goal to restore and retrieve the contents of the soundrecords of the Ainu language and folklore preserved on wax cylinders produced by Piłsudski
in 1902–1903 on location in Sakhalin and Hokkaidō.”33 How pleased I was on discovering thesmall, but very informative exposition about the project in the Hokkaidō University Museum.
The memory and traces of B. Piłsudski accompanied me in the many places visited during
my weekend excursions into the depths of Hokkaidō. The very first event I took part in, justa couple of days after my arrival in Sapporo, was the memorial event on Bronisław Piłsudski
1
2
3

16

http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/eng/news/no24/ECenterNews24.pdf;
http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/sympo/2016winter/index.html.
http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/publictn/acta/39/pp.%2045%E2%80%9369.pdf.
Alfred F. Majewicz, Why? Unveiling a Monument to B. Piłsudski in Shiraoi (Hokkaidō University
Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers (HUSCAP), 2013), https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2115/53486.

No.26 December 2019and Poland, Sakhalin, and Hokkaidō on the centennial of his death in 1918,44 which was anoccasion to meet the representatives and guests of the Hokkaidō-Poland Cultural Association.
Nonetheless, my research stay in 2018–2019 was not focused on B. Piłsudski’s legacy
at all, although learning more about the current state of Ainu studies and regional policies
concerning the Ainu, as well as the revitalization of the Ainu language and culture has beenvery stimulating. Another touching moment was my visit to Wakkanai (and the unforgettably
beautiful islands of Rishiri and Rebun), where I could recall my stay on the island of Sakhalin
many years ago. Then, in 1991, from the southern shores of Sakhalin, I was trying to spot
any outline of Hokkaidō—a terra incognita to me at that time. . .
In fact, my seven-month visit in Sapporo was the fulfillment of an unuttered aspiration
to stay at a Japanese university, with the focus on sociolinguistics, language (policies) andpolitics, and minority studies. Therefore, the contacts with the world-famous Slavic-Eurasian
Research Center were actually ideal for launching my long-planned research project. When
applying for the Foreign Visitors Fellowship Program, I decided to make up and formulate
the fellowship application on the Scripts, Russian America and Language Policy Studies of
the Central-Eastern European Sprachareal. Thus, the core of my research, and of some of mylectures given around Japan, was the historical sociolinguistic and glottopolitical aspects of“writing-and-society” studies. A great encouragement therefor has been the comprehensive
and inclusive research profile of Prof. M. Nomachi. So was the academic infrastructure at
HokuDai and the SRC, including the libraries with the G. Y. Shevelov collection. Accordingly,
with my first active contribution at the SRC, i.e., a Russian-language lecture and presentationof “The Russian Old-Believers in Poland as a Peripheral Ethno-Confessional and Linguistic
Micro-Minority,”55 I somehow referred to my previous and current research on minority
communities and their language constellations.
In September, I was invited to Sapporo Gakuin University to give a lecture, “Between
Dialects and Languages—Regional Collateral Languages in Europe,” which was the topic
of my habilitation thesis6; it essentially still attracts my scholarly attention, recently also in
non-European contexts (some of the concepts were also presented during my January lecturesin the Ryūkyūs).
November 2018 gave me an excellent chance to present my SRC project and discuss myideas with renowned specialists at the symposium, “What Does Writing Mean for Language?”organized as part of the Sophia University Open Research Week in Tokyo, where I lectured
on “Writing and Script in Identity Engineering.”67
Also in November, I participated in a Japanese-Polish conference on “Memory of WorldWar Two in Poland and Japan: The Holocaust and Hiroshima in Comparative Perspectives” inNagoya. Thanks to that event, as well as numerous other encounters all over Japan, I became
convinced how strong, fruitful, and future-oriented the academic and scientific relations
between Poland and Japan are.
I must stress here the unique dynamism of the Polish-speaking community in Sapporo(including, for example, Otaru and Kitami) in maintaining these relations here in Japan. In
that respect, the role of Prof. Rafał Rzepka and his wife Edyta, and Prof. Jin Matsuka (fromOtaru University of Commerce) in keeping alive the ties among Poles and with Poland cannot
be overestimated. I wish all the Polish exparts’ communities had such charismatic, candid,
and supportive leaders. Thanks to them, and to the Hokkaidō-Poland Cultural Association,
Sapporo and the academic community of Hokkaidō sustain their specific Polish contingence. . .
The annual symposiums at SRC are academic events of the highest international rank.
December 2018 saw two dozen specialists in broad-sense Slavic studies convene on “Lan456

http://Hokkaidō-poland.com/events/CentenialB.Pilsudski2018.pdf.
http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/eng/calendar-2018se.html#1807302.
https://www.sophia.ac.jp/jpn/event/2018/itd24t000001ylbx-att/20181110.pdf.

17No.26 December 2019

guages Rising above Empires, Blocs, and Unions 1918–2018.” Those three days gave us an
outstanding opportunity to meet each other, exchange ideas and opinions, and tie up scholarly
contacts—some of them already showing results as cooperation and common initiatives. The
symposium gave me an opportunity not only to contribute with two lectures (on “The Latvian (In)
Dependence and the Latgalian Language Question,” and on “Letters of Freedom and Captivity:
Scriptal Planning and Language Ideologies in Central-Eastern Europe in the Long TwentiethCentury”), but also to discuss issues crucial for my current SRC-based research project withthe most eminent experts in the field of Central/Eastern European studies.
Not only the conference, but also individual seminars in the SRC provided a lot of
intellectual well-being, to mention, for example, guest lectures by Prof. Marc L. Greenberg(University of Kansas), Prof. Gerhard Neweklowsky (University of Vienna), and Dr. Aleksandra Jarosz (Copernicus University in Toruń & JSPS fellow in Okinawa).
The beginning of 2019, even if cold and snowy in Hokkaidō, took me on a short visit to
Okinawa, where I had an opportunity to give two lectures (at the University of the Ryūkyūs
and Okinawa International University) on various characteristics of regional and insularlanguages in Europe. Besides the academic contacts, I had also a unique chance to meetexperts on the Ryūkyūan languages, their linguistic documentation, sociolinguistic fieldwork,and revitalization programs.
At the end of my stay, I also witnessed the “true” winter of Hokkaidō’s “Northern Exposure,” when the Kitami Institute of Technology invited me to give a lecture on “Language
Documentation for Revitalization.” The unforgettable snow-and-ice landscapes of Kitami,
Abashiri, and the Sea of Okhotsk definitely completed my image of the natural beauty andrichness of Japan’s northern confines.
Thus, a few words about communing with nature, which is truly second nature to me. At
the beginning of my fellowship, Japan’s surprisingly hot summer made its full impact felt alsoin Hokkaidō, but coolness and respite could be found in its beautiful mountains, which actuallycreep into the very city of Sapporo, offering very pleasant hiking and trekking opportunities at
any time of the year. My SRC memories of summer and autumn will, however, also include
the incomprehensible custom of . . . tennis matches played daily just in front of my windows
at the SRC! Frankly, I could not understand how the researchers’ community accepted sucha loud way of playing, which irritatingly interfered with concentration in academic work.
With the tennis season passing, I could follow the most colorful autumn of my life
when visiting Hokkaidō and Kantō in October and November—the impressions of momiji
and momijigari (‘maple-leaf-viewing’) in places such as Taisetsuzan National Park shallremain in my memory forever. So will the kaleidoscope of nature, which can be observedon the Hokkaidō University campus and other parks in and around Sapporo. It is truly in themix of natural landscape and sculpture of Sapporo Art Park that I could finally recover after
my quite traumatic experiences of September 2018: the Hokkaidō Eastern Iburi Earthquake,
which followed Jebi, the strongest typhoon to hit Japan (and untypically also its Northern
Island) in a quarter of a century. The nights of September 5th and 6th brought real shocks,
but the days to come showed how ultimately distressing that sequence of natural disasters
was for all the Hokkaidians. Sapporo and its inhabitants—me included—had to arrange theirlives without energy or water supplies, food supplies were quite limited for an even longer
period, and many foreigners had no contact with the outer world. That array of adverse
events, followed by quite frequent aftershocks (or serious snowstorms in winter), made me
understand how vulnerable the everyday reality of the Japanese is and how irrelevant other/
our minor problems can seem from the Asian-Pacific perspective. These were the moments
when I really wished I spoke better Japanese, as much of the information and services were
provided only in that language.
18

No.26 December 2019

Anyway, generally, the winter in Hokkaidō has not disappointed me, even if the firstsnows came very late (in mid-December, instead of early November), and quite unstabletemperatures keep transforming the streets of Sapporo into slide-rinks full of hidden icy
surprises. The snow tunnels, together with winter landscapes of Hokkaidō’s mountains andvolcanoes, plus the phenomenon of “drift ice” (ryū-hyō) on the Sea of Okhotsk will be as
unforgettable as the variety of snowfall, which makes me think of the famous linguistic myth,according to which the Inuit use a multitude of words to denote various sorts of snow. I am
sure that there must have been dozens of lexemes referring to snow in the Ainu language,
too—as well as in the northern dialects of Japanese. . .
To my great surprise, I also managed to witness the fourth season—springtime. During
my field trip to Okinawa, somehow, I speeded up the natural clock of vegetation—or even
overturned it completely—by enjoying a January sakura-hanami (cherry blossom watching)in central Okinawa. Traveling from Hokkaidō to the Ryūkyūs (and back) made me very awareof the surprisingly huge latitudinal distance of Japan’s archipelagoes.
Being a true nature-lover and linguist at the same time, I have been ultimately astonishedby the variety of landscapes, climates, flora, and fauna, not to mention the ethnolinguistic
diversity within the archipelago. Experiencing that variety has added extraordinary colors
to my academic experience of Japan, and added such values to my scientific work in SRC
Sapporo that I shall never forget!

Больше, чем два времени годаGulnara Abikeyeva (Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Design/Foreign
Fellow, 2018)Моя стажировка в Славянско-Евразийском центре Хоккайдо-университета длилась
четыре месяца — с октября 2018 по февраль 2019 года, но по ощущению, мне кажется,что пробыла я здесь целый год. Таким насыщенным,ярким, плодотворным было это время!
Всегда самое сложное — это адаптация в стране,тем более в стране, языка которой ты не знаешь.
Пугал даже адрес проживания, написанный в триряда иероглифами. Но в центре обо всем заранее
подумали! Как приятно было, когда меня в аэропорту
встретила магистрантка Акира Мацумото, изучающая
формирование образа «азиата» в советском и постсоветском кино.
Всю дорогу из аэропорта в электричке мыувлеченно проговорили с ней, что я даже ни разу непосмотрела в окно, а ведь за окнами была Япония!
С Акирой-сан мы приехали в просторную квартиру,арендованную для меня университетом. Она показала,как все работает и любезно сходила со мной в ближайший магазин. Оказалось это не лишним — поняла яэто только на следующий день, когда уже сама купилав магазине вместо соли баночку пармезана.
Утром за мной зашла Осуга Мика, чтобы показать
Кимоно
дорогу в университет, которую я была очень радавидеть, потому что именно с ней мы находились
19

No.26 December 2019в постоянной переписке по вопросам логистики моего приезда. И, наконец, уже всамом центре менеджер Юко Накагава ознакомила меня с контрактом, проводила вотдельный рабочий кабинет, снабдив необходимыми карточками и инструкциями дляработы. Мой непосредственный эдвайзер профессор Уяма Томохико находился в этовремя в командировке в Центральной Азии, но он послал встречать меня в аэропорту
Акиру-сан, чтобы помочь мне адаптироваться. Так что вниманием и заботой я былаокружена со всех сторон. Так что можно было приступать к работе.
Тема моего исследования, заявленная для стажировки в Славянско-Евразийском
центре — «Социальное моделирование «советского человека» в Центральной Азиичерез литературу и кинематограф». Через какое-то время стало понятно, что тема очень
обширная, хорошо бы справиться с Казахстаном, да и только в сфере кино.
Кинематограф, будучи идеологическим продуктом, не столько отражал реалии тоговремени, сколько формировал образ «советского гражданина» с определенным набором
ценностей и моделью поведения. Казахстанские фильмы, долгие годы находились подвлиянием, установленных в центре, то есть, в Москве, идеологем. Существовала дажетакая неприятная поговорка: «Если хочешь стать русским, сначала стань казахом».
Происходило это, прежде всего из-за русификации казахского населения, большого
переселения в Казахстан славян в разные периоды советской истории и, конечно же,выстроенной политики государства. Любопытно, что идеологемы формулировалисьв лозунгах и плакатах, а распространялись в народ через стихи и песни и фильмы.
Какие основные идеологемы работали в кино в советскую эпоху?
- Искусство должно быть «национальным по форме и социалистическим посодержанию»; «Мы наш, мы новый мир построим. Кто был никем, тот станет всем».
- Искусство в СССР — это только искусство «социалистического реализма»;- СССР — многонациональное государства, где главное — дружба народов:«Широка страна моя родная, много в ней лесов, полей и рек. Я другой страны такойне знаю, где так счастлив был бы человек».
- Главный положительный герой — это строитель коммунизма: «Мы рождены,чтобы сказку сделать былью»;- Женские образы — сильные, наравне с мужчинам, также строители коммунизма.
Если речь идет о восточной женщине, то она должна сбежать от мужа-бая, уехать вгород учиться, пойти в рабфак и достичь карьеры учительницы или врача;- Дело партии — дело народа. А частные, личные, семейные проблемы стоят встороне. «Первым делом, первым делом — самолеты, ну а женщины, а женщины
— потом».
- Дети тоже вовлечены в этот процесс — строительство нового общества: «Взвейтесь кострами, синие ночи. Мы — пионеры, дети рабочих».
- Если дело касается национальных окраин, то обязательно есть «старший брат»— русский, который подскажет младшему брату — национальному кадру как надоправильно строить коммунизм (работать на стройке, воспитывать молодежь, растить
хлеб, пасти овец и т.д.)Парадокс заключается в том, что советским кино в мире занимаются довольно
много исследователей — на Западе и на Востоке, но объектом анализа является восновном русское кино, причем разных периодов и жанров. Про советское киноЦентральной Азии до развала СССР была издана только одна книга французского
исследователя Jean Radvanyi, Le Cinéma d’Asie centrale soviétique (1991), которая вышлана излете советской эпохи. Первая книга на английской языке «Cinema in Central Asia:
rewriting Cultural Histories», в которой преимущественно речь идет о современном
кинопроцессе нашего региона была подготовлена нами — Майклом Роуландом, Биргит
20

No.26 December 2019Боймерс и мной — и вышла в свет в 2013 году. В 2018 году вышла книга Rico Isaaks
Film and Identity in Kazakhstan: Soviet and post-Soviet Culture in Central Asia. В 2019 годувышла книга про советское узбекское кино «Cinema, Nation, and Empire in Uzbekistan,
1919–1937» французской исследовательницы Cloé Drieu.
Хорошая разработанность темы советской культуры дает сильную теоретическую
базу для анализа казахстанских кинокартин. Прежде всего, это работы западных
исследователей, где исследуется понятие «соцреалистический канон» (сборник подредакций Х. Гюнтера и Е. Добренко), работы Б. Гройса «Стиль Сталин», В. Паперного
«Культура два», Катерины Кларк «Советский роман: история как ритуал», Светланы
Бойм «Общие места», И. Голомштока «Искусство тоталитаризма» и другие. Рядважных киноведческих работ также позволяют увидеть параллели между российскими казахстанским кино. Так, М. Туровская рассматривает тридцатые годы, как главную
цементирующую модель советского кинематографа. Н. Зоркая написала фактически
новую историю советского российского кино. Ж. Уолл делает фокус на особенностях
главных фильмов «оттепели». А. Прохоров анализирует наследие сталинского
«большого стиля» в «оттепельном» кинематографе. Р. Саллис писала о советских
комедиях Г. Александрова и другие. Но все эти исследования были сфокусированына российском кино.
Что касается работ казахстанских авторов, то мы имеем дело в основном скнигами и статьями, написанными в советскую эпоху — это книги К. Сиранова,К. Смаилова, статьи К. Айнагуловой, К. Алимбаевой, Л. Енисеевой-Варшавской. Кисследованиям, написанным в постсоветскую эпоху, можно отнести только две книги
Б. Ногербека «Экранно-фольклорные традиции в казахском игровом кино» и «Наэкране «Казахфильм».
Поскольку работа киноведа заключается, прежде всего, в анализе фильмов, то явзялась пересматривать советские казахские фильмы, и очень скоро поняла, что мненужен не хронологический подход — анализ кинопроцесса по годам или десятилетиям,а подход через анализ различных жанров кино. Именно жанры были носителями техили иных идеологем: историко-революционные фильмы отвечали за написание новой
истории «страны советов», комедии за создание благополучного, жизнеутверждающего
имиджа Советского Союза, военные фильмы отвечали за патриотизм, детские — «занаше счастливое детство» и т.д.
Подробно с результатами моего
исследования можно будет
ознакомиться в статье, которуюя готовлю для журнала Славянско-Евразийского центра «Acta
Slavica Iaponica».
Огромным подспорьемв моей работе было наличие
великолепной библиотеки
Хоккайдского университета,Показ в Хоккайдо
когда практически все нужные
источники — книги, статьи, словари — были под рукой.
Параллельно с исследованием по инициативе моего эдвайзера Уямы Томохикомы провели серию показов современных Центрально-Азиатских фильмов.
Тут я хотела бы сделать небольшое отступление и рассказать о том, каким важным
событием для кинематографистов нашего региона был фестиваль кино Центральной
Азии, который прошел в Токио в ноябре 1994 года. Он проводился по инициативе
21

No.26 December 2019Japan Foundation, и от каждойиз пяти стран было представлено по 4–5 картин. Причемэто были не только показы,но и встречи с создателями
фильмов, сессии вопросов иответов. Фестиваль длился
около двух недель и был,наверное, самым крупным
культурным событием длякинематографа региона. Япония как бы «открыла двери»для «новых» кинематографистов-азиатов, которых никто
особо не знал за «железным
занавесом» Советского Союза. Тогда эту ретроспективу
готовили киновед Кен Окубо,приехавший из Токио и УямаТомохико, работавший в тегоды в посольстве Японии вКазахстане.
Мы в музее
Спустя двадцать четыре
года здесь — в Хоккайдо-университете — в более скромном формате мы провели
мини-фестиваль Центрально-азиатского кино. Мы посмотрели «Звонок отцу» (2017)Серика Апрымова из Казахстана, «Завещание отца» (2016) Бакыта Мукула и Дастана
Жапар уулу из Кыргызстана, «Стойкость» (2018) Рашида Маликова из Узбекистанаи «Ангел на правом плече» (2002) Джамшеда Усмонова из Таджикистана. Каждый
показ сопровождался моим кратким представлением о состоянии той или иной кинематографии региона на данный момент и оживленной дискуссией после фильма. Этипоказы и дискуссии не прошли бы так хорошо, если бы не помощь аспирантки Центра
Асель Битабаровой! Она не только помогала с организацией этих показов, но также
приглашала по-настоящему заинтересованных людей.
В рамках данной стажировки были организованы лекции в других университетахи институциях Японии. Так, меня пригласила профессор Токо Фужимото в музей этнологии Минпаку в Осаке с лекцией «Миф и реальность казахского аула, представленныев кино». Меня, в свою очередь, поразила обширная экспозиция музея, посвященная
Казахстану, которая создавалась усилиями Тока-сан, которая несколько лет провелав нашей стране, изучая традиции и обряды казахского народа. Я подумала о том, какнам повезло, что она занимается Казахстаном! Ведь именно благодаря ее усилиям вЯпонии узнают больше о нашей стране не только благодаря экспозиции в музее, нои ее статьям, книгам. Вместе с моей коллегой по кино Киоко Дан, они показывали вМинпаку «Ореховое дерево» Ерлана Нурмухамбетова и другие казахстанские фильмы.
Вторая поездка была в Токийский университет по приглашению профессор Куми Татеока, где я выступила с лекцией на тему «Кинематограф «Детей
независимости»: рассказывая о себе, что важного говорят о Казахстане фильмы
А. Ержанова и Э. Байгазина». С большим интересом аудитория, состоящая из магистрантов и аспирантов-славистов, воспринимала информацию о новом кинематографе
Казахстана, задавая много вопросов.
22

No.26 December 2019В Токио мне довелось также встретить с киноведом Кен Окубо, как я уже упоминала, одним из организаторов Центрально-азиатского кинофестиваля в Токио, а такжес киноведом Иноуэ Тору и продюсером Сано Синдзю.
Как много зависит от одного человека! Эту мысль неотступно преследуют
меня в Японии. Фужимото Токо налаживает мосты с Казахстаном в области
этнологии, Уяма Томохико отвечаетза всю Центральную Азию в области
исторической науки, Синдзю Сано— продюсер нескольких казахстанско-японских картин, таких как «Трибрата» Серика Апрымова, «ПоследниеС Куми
каникулы» Амира Каракулова, «Перед
грозой» Ерлана Нурмухамбетова идругих. Получается, что не столько государственные институции, сколько конкретные
люди устанавливают связи между культурами наших двух стран! Спасибо вам большоеза это!
Вернувшись из Токио в Саппоро, я попала на замечательный симпозиум, такназываемый Зимний симпозиум, организованный Славянско-Евразийским центром.
Не смотря на то, что по тематике он был лингвистическим, он был очень интересными поразил меня высочайшим уровнем организации! Великолепные доклады, яркие
спикеры, интересные дискуссии, даже было организовано он-лайн выступление однойиз участниц, которая не смогла прилететь по объективным причинам. Именно насимпозиуме произошло более основательное знакомство и с профессорами Центра —Мотоки Номачи, Рихито Ямамура, Дайсуке Адачи, Кейко Сайто, а также с зарубежными
гостями симпозиума.
Также познакомил и сблизил с сотрудниками Центра и новогодний праздник! Чегоя не ожидала, так это Дед-Мороза с оленями на учено-профессорском корпоративе!
Атмосфера была легкая, дружелюбная. Мы с удовольствием поближе пообщались сГото Масанори, который занимается культурной антропологией; Норихиро Наганава,занимающийся мусульманами в России; Юкари Нагаяма — уникальным специалистомпо корякскому языку; Санами Такахаши — специалистом по христианству и другими.
Было очень приятно получить от Санами-сан фотографии с новогоднего вечера!
А еще практически с каждого показа фильмов Центральной Азии мне присылал
фотографии аспирант Мирлан Бектурсунов! Мирлан, также как и Асель, как и Акира
помогали нам в бытовых вопросах, которых, как правило, у приезжих бывает масса.
Особенно, если это касается современных гаджетов или действий через компьютер
— билет заказать, отель зарезервировать. Спасибо вам большое, что были безотказныв помощи!
Вы не замечали такую особенность: когда работаешь над какой-то темой, то какбудто бы все складывается вокруг нее? Работая над темой о советской цивилизации, яполучила приглашение от Куми Татеока поучаствовать в симпозиуме о роли русского
языка в пост-советских республиках. Тема моего доклада «Образ русского в казахском
кино — от «старшего брата» до «невидимки». Любопытно, что живя фактическив русско-язычном пространстве Алматы, я не замечала, что в годы независимости
русских персонажей практически не стало в нашем кино. На их место пришли — французы, американцы, корейцы, и даже афро-американцы. А в советское время все былосовершенно иначе: русский «старший брат» был обязательным персонажем любого
23

No.26 December 2019казахстанского фильма. Симпозиум проходил в Сендае, в Тохоку университете, гдея познакомилась с профессором Тадаши Накамура, который занимается советской
литературой и кино. Мы были очень удивлены, когда в разговоре обнаружилось,что мы оба писали статьи о «Дневных звездах» — он о прозе Ольги Берггольц, я ободноименном фильме Игоря Таланкина. Тогда и возникло предложение с его стороны
провести в Киотском университете, где он работает, наш двойной семинар — «О скрытой поэтике «Дневных звезд» — книги и фильма». Казалось бы, очень специфическая
вещь — уже подзабытый фильм 1966 года, но на этот семинар собралось довольно
много людей, специалисты-слависты приехали из Кобе, Осаки. Прошло активное
обсуждение темы, люди поделились своим видением. Киновед Оги Тие подарила мнекнигу Неи Зоркой о советском кино «Семь десятилетий: 1918–1986» в ее авторском
переводе на японский язык.
Но самым важным за эти четыре месяца был для меня семинар в Славянско-Евразийском центре университета Хоккайдо, посвященный советским фильмам о войне.
Профессор Кошино Го, с которым мы консультировались по разным вопросам по кинои литературе, предложил мне поучаствовать в двойном семинаре с французским ученым
Кристианом Фейгелсон. Кристиан рассказывал о том, как на Западе принимали лучшие
фильмы «оттепели» — «Летят журавли», «Балладу о солдате», «Иваново детство». Яже попыталась ответить на вопрос «Почему в советское время было так мало казахских
фильмов о войне»?
В каком-то смысле этот семинар, на котором впервые были публично озвучены
некоторые результаты моего исследования по казахскому советскому кино. Потом
Кристиан Фейгелсон подтвердил тот факт, что западные исследователи пишут восновном о русском кино, потому что о фильмах других республик было мало чтоизвестно. Это придало мне еще большую уверенность в том, что мое исследование нетолько первопроходческое, но и еще по настоящему важное. Третий момент — вопросы,задаваемые профессионалами, привели меня к выводу, что нужно тщательнее работатьс историческими фактами и данными.
Завтра я уже возвращаюсь домой, но те уроки, в широком смысле слова, которыея здесь получила, останутся со мной. Те дружеские связи и знакомства, которые я здесь
приобрела, надеюсь, продолжатся. Исследование, которое я здесь начала, надеюсь,перерастет в книгу. Время, проведенное здесь — гораздо больше, чем два времени года— осень и часть зимы, это было время настоящей творческой работы и удовольствиемот общения с природой, поездок по стране, и главное — от встреч с людьми, такимиже красивыми и интересными, как сама Япония!

From the Library

Supplement of the Gibson Collection in the HU Library
In the Spring of 2017, Professor Emeritus at York University James R. Gibson gave the
SRC Library part of his library. It consists of about 1,205 volumes of books and 77 reelsof microfilm. All items are very useful and essential publications for the historical study ofRussian America, Siberia, and the Russian Far East. We have consulted with the HU Library
and agreed that 532 books will be registered and located as a separate personal collection near
the Gibson Collection in the HU Library. Now, its registration and cataloging are underway,
and the new collection will be accessible in the next year.

Tonai Yuzuru

24

No.26 December 2019

Publications (2018–19)
We have published a bibliography on Japanese WWII internmentsin the Soviet Union by Russian authors or published in Russia orin the former Soviet countries as Slavic Bibliography Series, no.
3. The bibliography is titled Интернирование японцев в работах
российских авторов: библиографический указатель and contains
676 items (not only books and journal articles, but also dissertations
and newspaper articles). It is compiled by Sergey Kuznetsov. He isa professor at Irkutsk State University and a leading scholar on thissubject in Russia. We are very thankful to him for this very usefulcontribution.
Uyama Tomohiko, ed., “Comparing Modern Empires: Imperial
Rule and Decolonization in the Changing World Order,” Slavic
Eurasian Studies, no. 33 (Sapporo: SRC, 2018) (in English).

Aleksandra D. Dulichenko and Motoki Nomachi, eds.,“Славянская микрофилология,” Slavic Eurasian Studies, no. 34(Sapporo: SRC, 2018).

Akihiro Iwashita, Jusen Asuka, and Jonathan Bull, eds., “Migration, Refugees and theEnvironment from Security Perspectives,” Slavic Eurasia Papers, no. 12 (Sapporo: SRC,
2018) (in English).
Slavic Studies, nos. 65 and 66, 2018 and 2019, refereed journal in Japanese withsummaries in English or Russian.
Acta Slavica Iaponica vol. XXXIX, 2018, refereed journal in English and Russian.
Eurasia Border Review vol. 8, no. 1 and vol. 9, no. 1, 2017 and 2018, refereed journal
in English.
Japan Border Review, nos. 8 and 9, 2018 and 2019, refereed journal in Japanese withsummaries in English.

25

No.26 December 2019

Contents
2019 Summer International Symposium “Global Crisis of Democracy? The Riseand Evolution of Authoritarianism and Populism”.......................................... p. 1
Slavic-Eurasian Research Center 2018 Winter International Symposium“Languages Rising above Empires, Blocs, and Unions 1918–2018”................ p. 3
Report on the International Symposium, “On Land, Water and Ice: Indigenous
Societies and the Changing Arctic”.................................................................. p. 4
SRC Special Lecture, “New Rome in a Larger World,” by Dr. Preiser-Kapeller....... p. 6
Foreign Visitors Fellowship Program.................................................................... p. 10
Our Staff (FY2019)................................................................................................ p. 11
Ongoing Cooperative Research Projects.............................................................. p. 12
Visitors from Abroad............................................................................................ p. 13
Guest Lecturers from Abroad............................................................................... p. 13
Essay: Seven Months in Sapporo
by Tomasz Wicherkiewicz.............................................................................. p. 16
Essay: Больше, чем два времени годаby Gulnara Abikeyeva.................................................................................... p. 19
From the Library................................................................................................... p. 24
Publications (2018–19)......................................................................................... p. 25

Slavic-Eurasian Research Center
Hokkaido University
Kita-9, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0809 Japan
Telephone: (81) 11-706-2388
Facsimile:(81) 11-706-4952
E-mail: src@slav.hokudai.ac.jp
Internet home page:
http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/index-e.html

26