Digital Cable Television Broadcasting

Jan.29th 2010
Japan Cable Television Engineering Association(JCTEA)

1Standardization Organization For
Telecommunication & Broadcasting
Dpa

JCL

Operation technicalspecification for radio
broadcasting

Operation technicalspecification for CATV

ARIB

JCTEA

Technical standards for radio
communication & broadcasting

Technical standards for CATV

Standardization for
Telecommunication &Broadcasting
ITU-R

ITU-T

TTC
Technical standard fortelecommunication network
JCL
Dpa：Japan Cable Laboratory：The Association of Promotion for
Di it l Broadcasting
DigitalBdti

JCTEA Japan Cable Television
JCTEA:
Tele ision
Engineering Association
ARIB ：Association of Radio Industries ofBusinesses
TTC ：The Telecommunication
Technology Committee（：Standardization Organization)

2JCTEA Standards About Network,, Equipment,
q p, STB &Measuring Method For Digital, FTTH & Internet•••••••••••••••••••••STD 001 Conditional Access for Digital Cable Television
STD-001Television*JJapaneseeditionditi onlyl now
STD-002 Multiplex System for Digital Cable Television**Regarding STDs for Digital Cable Television
STD-003 Service Information for Digital Cable Television*
STD-005 Data Transmission Equipment for Cable Television NetworkSTD-006 Symbolmark for Cable Television System
STD-007 Receiver for Digital Cable Television *STD-008 BS Digital Broadcasting Pass-through System for Cable Television
STD-009 Method of Measurement for Cable Modem System
STD 010 OFDM Method of Measurement for OFDM Signal Transmission system*
STD-010-OFDM
STD-010-PSK
Method of Measurement for PSK Signal Transmission system*
STD-010-QAM
Method of Measurement for QAM Signal Transmission system*
STD-011 Pass-through Method for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting signal over Cable Television
SSystem**STD-012 Head-amplifier for Retransmitting Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting over Cable Television System
STD-013 Transmission System for MDU
STD-014 Optical Network and using Equipments for FTTH Cable Television System
STD-015 Method of Measurement for FTTH Cable Television System
STD-016 Method of Interference Measurement for Cable Television Signal Transmission System
STD-017 Examination Facilities equaled with Actual Cable Television Network for CableTelevision Signal
gTransmission SystemySTD-018 Optical Network Specification for FTTH Cable Television System
STD-019 Gap-Filler System and its Equipments for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting
3STD-020 Method Of Measurement for Gap-filler System and its Equipments

Transmission Signals Of FTTH or HFC
Television Signalg
Standard Television Broadcasting（Analog Television）

Modulation
NTSC-VSBAM

Std. Digital Television Broadcasting（Digital Terrestrial Television）

ISBD-T
OFDM

Digital Cable Television Broadcasting

64QAM
256QAM

Std. Satellite Broadcasting（A l BS T（AnalogTelevision）
l i i ）

Freq. Band

FM

Std. Digital Satellite Broadcasting（Digital BS Television）

TC8PSK

Digital Communication SatelliteBroadcasting (Digital CS Television)

QPSK

90～770MHz

HFCFTT
HBS-IF(1032-1489MHz)－CS-IF(1595-2072MHz)

4

Retransmission method over Cable-television system
yfor Terrestrial Broadcasting
1. Pass-through method① Received ISDB-T(OFDM) signals are transmitted through cable without anyadjustment(same frequency).
② Received ISDB-T(OFDM)() signals
gare transmitted after filteringg out individuallyy and adjustingjg
each level.
③ Received ISDB-T(OFDM) signals are transmitted after filtering out, converting frequency
and adjusting level, changing channel frequency. (Frequency converted pass-through)④ Digital TV sets on the market are available, its most convenient.

2. Trans-modulation method① TS (on( terrestrialtt i l broadcasting)b dti ) isi transferredtfd on QAM signals
il over cable-television
bl t l i i
system without changing of contents, functions, etc.
② Only cable television STB is available.

3. Dig-Ana transfer method① Digital audio/video signal is transferred into traditional analog signal(NTSC-VSB-AM)
for conventional analog TV sets.
② HD video,
video data service,service EPG etcetc. are not availableavailable.
5Retransmission method over Cable-television system
for Terrestrial Broadcasting
DigitalDi
it l TV receiveriavailable at stores

OFDM tuner
OFDM tuner
OFDM tuner

MIX

Pass-through receiving(OFDM)

Digital TV tuner

Conventional
analog TV receiver

Digital TV receiver
QAM modulator
QAM modulator
QAM modulator

Trans-modulation system

Cable TV headend

Splitter

TSMIX

TV antenna

OFDM

Signal processor(Frequency converting)Multipleexer
Multiplexeer
Multiplexer

Splitter

Signal processor
Signal frequency)
processor(SameSignal frequency)
processor(Same(Same frequency)

Cable TTV network

Pass-through system

Spliitter

Terrestrial TV tower

QAM receiving andPass-through receiving(OFDM)

Cable TV STB

Conventional
analog TV receiver・Digital TV receiver equips terrestrial OFDM tuner, BS tuner, CS tuner
・STB equips terrestrial OFDM tuner, QAM tuner, and/or Hard disk memory
6Pass through Retransmission Method(JCTEA STD
Pass-throughSTD-011)
011)
OFDM‐SP
OFDM‐SP
OFDM‐SPM
IX

Cable
network

ReceiverTerrestrial digital
TV receiver
Terrestrialgtuner
digitalSignal processor

Display

OFDM-SPUHF
470～770MHz

6MHz band
Freq. convertFreq. convert

UHF
470～770MHzIF
Output level～110dBμV

IF：Inter. freq,.
fn

fn: Local occ.

Transmitting into cable after level adjustment
OFDM-SPUHF
470 770MH
470～770MHz

Freq. convert

6MHz band

Freq. Convert.

VHF／UHFなど
90～770MHzIF
Output lebel～110dBμV

IF：Inter. freq
f1

f1，fn：Local，occ.

fnTransmitting into cable after frequency conversion and level adjustment

7

Pass-through Method for Digital Terrestrial Television
Broadcasting Signals over Cable Television System(JCTEA STD-011)

BER for received signal at receiver terminal：
BER before error correction by Reed Solomon (204,188)： less than１×10－4＊Desirable BER is not more than 1×10－8 , meaning that about 3dB margin added to １×10－4 , because someequipments example indoor booster etc
equipments,etc. will be connected on receiver terminal
terminal.

1) Quality of OFDM-SP output
123

Frequency spectral mask ： Right upper figure
BER ：1 × 10-4
Out-band noise：Right lower figure

100

Relative level[ dB]
相対レベル ［dB］

OFDM signal processor (SP) performance is specified on
the following items (Example)-10-20-30-40-50-60-9-6-30369

中心周波数からの差［MHｚ］
Frequency
distance fromcenter[ MHz]-600Amplitude
Alit d ddeviationi ti iin passing
i bband：d±1 dB
Group delay deviation in passing band：±200 nsSignal suppression out of band：≥ 10 dB
Phase noise of frequency converted carrier： ≤0.5°rms
S iSpurious
off frequency
fconverted
t d carrier：i-60dB(±6MHz)

Relative level[ dB]

1234502)Rating of OFDM-SP-21021Frequency distance from center[ MHz]

8Multiplex System for Digital Cable Television(JCTEA STD-002)
JCTEA STD-002 describes digital multiplex and digital modulation of digital cable television
broadcasting methods by Cable Television Broadcasting Law Enforcement Regulations

Digital broadcasting Head-end
Input Signals
BS/CS-IF, RF
A/V/D ENC
SI/EPG etc.

Multiplex(PSI changed)

QAM
Modulation

Transmission
line9

Program 2
PID：b

Program 3
PID：c

TS A
Program 4
PID：a

Program 5
PID：b

Program 6
PID：c

TS B
Program 7
PID：a

Program 8
PID：b

Program 9
PID：c

Sele
ected program

Program 1
PID：aTS C

Single TS multiplexe
erSingle TS & Multiple TS Multiplexer (JCTEA STDSTD-002)
002)

Prog.2
PID：u

Prog.3
PID：ｖ

Prog.4
PID：w

Prog.5
PID：x

Prog.7
PID：yProg.8PID：z

TS D (Output TS)
・PSI／Si
PSI／Si andd EPG are restructured
t t d ini orderd tto selectl t channel.
hl
・PID have to be changed to be different PID between each program.
・Single TS is used for modulation system of Multi-channel video services.

Program 1
PID：a

Program 2
PID：b

Program 3
PID：c

Program 4
PID：a

Program 5
PID：b

Program 6
PID：c

TS B
Program 7
PID：a

Program 8
PID：bTS C

Program 9
PID：c

Selected TSTS A

Multiple TS multiple
exerFig 1 Conceptual illustration of single TS multiplexer
Fig.

Header

Prog.1
PID：aProg.2
PID：b

Prog.3
PID：c

Prog.7
PID：a

TS A

Prog.8
PID：b

Prog.9PID：c

TS C

Multiplex frame・Multiplexer produces multiplex frame by multiple TS format
・Input
It TSsTS are multiplexed
lti ld keeping
ki program ddrawing.
i・PID are not changed because of existing no same PID in a TS.
・Multiple TS are used for trans-modulation system of Digital Satellite
Broadcasting and Digital Terrestrial BroadcastingFig.2 Conceptual illustration of multiple TS multiplexer
10Basic Configuration Of Multiple TS Multiplexer
This multiplexer have a function to multiplex streams of various programs including digital television broadcasting,data broadcasting and on-demand audiovisual services using the MPEG-2 transport stream format as a logicalformat together with service information containing MPEG-2 program specific information(PSI) into multiple transport
stream. It may include another function to multiplex NIT suitable for cable TV network and the related informationsignal for conditional access with the transport stream.

TS inputinterface

TＳ sig. 1

TＳ signal

Scramble
encoder

QAM
modulator

Scramble
encoder

QAM
modulator

QAM output
interface

TＳ sig. 2・・XIM

RF or IF interfa
Race

RF or ＩＦ
Signalinterface
Multi TS
multiplexer１

TＳ signal

QAM input
interface

Multiplex input

TＳ sig. 1

・・M ulti TS
Multiplexer 2

ＮＩＴ／Multi-frame header
information

Test signal
Related in formation(EMM/ECM)

Ks Ks

Ks : Encryption Scramble k ey
ECM : Entitlement Control M essagegt Messageg
EMM : Entitlement ManagemenNIT：Network Information Ta ble
TS signal：Transport Stream (MPEG-2 System)

11Basic Configuration
gOf Single
g TS Multiplexer
pThis multiplexer have a function to multiplex streams of various programs including digital television broadcasting,data broadcasting and on-demand audiovisual services using the MPEG-2 transport stream format as a logicalformat together with service information containing MPEG-2 program specific information(PSI) into a single transport
stream It may include another function to multiplex the related information signal for conditional access with thestream.
transport stream.

Input signaliinterfacefMultiplex output
interface

QAM input
interface

QAM output
interface

Programsignal・・・Scramble
encoderrexelpitlu
M

Programsignal

QAM
M d l tModulator

MIX

64QAM / 256QAM
Ks

Service information
Related information
ECM/EMM

Test signal

Ks : Encryption Scramble key
ECM : Entitlement Control Message
EMM : Entitlement Management Message
12