White Paper on Tourism
in Japan, 2018 (Summary)Japan Tourism Agency
June 2018

Composition of White Paper on Tourism in Japan, 2018
The White Paper on Tourism in Japan is submitted to the Diet every year in accordance with Article 8 of the
Basic Act for Promoting a Tourism-Oriented Country. It consists of the following four parts.

Part I Tourism Trends in 2017
Chapter 1 Global Tourism Trends
Chapter 2 Tourism Trends in Japan

Part II (Theme Chapter) “Tourism” Expanding Its Presence in the Japanese Economy
Chapter 1 Recent Consumption Trends of International Visitors to Japan
Chapter 2 Impact of Recent Increases in International Visitors to Japan and Tourism Consumption
Chapter 3 Contribution of Tourism to the Japanese Economy as a Whole
Chapter 4 Summary of Previous Analyses and Challenges for the FuturePart III Measures Taken in FY 2017/Part IV Measures to be Taken in FY 2018
Chapter 1 Enhance the Attractiveness of Tourism Resources to be the Foundation for "Regional Revitalization"
Chapter 2 Innovate the Tourism Industry to Enhance International Competitiveness and to Become Japan'sCore Industry
Chapter 3 Create an Environment Where All Travelers can Enjoy Sightseeing Comfortably Without Stress1[Part I] Tourism Trends in 2017
 Global Tourism Trends in 2017 ……………………………………………………………………. 3
 Tourism Trends in Japan in 2017 (Situation of Travel to Japan) ………………………………. 6
 Tourism Trends in Japan in 2017 (Situation of Japanese Overseas
Travel and Domestic Trips)………………………………………………………………………..... 9
 Tourism Trends in Japan in 2017 (Situation of Overnight Trips) ………………………………. 11
 Tourism Trends in Japan in 2017 (Tourism Trends in Regional Areas) ……………………..... 13

[Part I] Global Tourism Trends in 2017
 According to the global tourism trends announced by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the number ofinternational tourists in 2017 increased by 83 million from the previous year to 1,322 million (up 6.7% from the previous year).
 By region, the number of international tourist arrivals in Europe still accounted for about half of the total, but that in the Asia-Pacific region
has shown a high growth rate in recent years. In 2017, its share increased by about 5% from 10 years ago (2007).

(Figure I-2) The Number of International Tourists(100 million
people)(億人)(Figure I-5) The Number of International Tourists by Region of Origin

13.2

14
12
10

8

<By Region of Arrival>

4.7%

2007

54.7%

20.2%

15.8%

4.7%
5.0%

12.4
11.9
11.4
11.0
10.4
10.0
9.5
9.19.38.9
8.6
8.1
7.6
6.86.87.07.0
6.3
6.1

2012

51.7%

22.8%

15.6%

5.0%
4.4%

2017
0%
Europe

50.8%

24.5%

15.7%

4.7%

20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Asia-Pacific region
AmericasMiddle East
Africa<By Region of Departure>

2.9% 2.9% 2.3%
2006

55.8%

19.4%

16.8%
3.2% 3.0%

6
2011

52.2%

22.2%

3.0%

16.4%
2.8% 3.2%

4

1998
99
2000
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

2016

Source: Japan Tourism Agency (JTA) document based on data of the UNWTO(年)0%Europe48.3%
20%
Asia-Pacific region

25.6%
40%
Americas

17.0%

60%
80%
Middle East
AfricaSource: Japan Tourism Agency (JTA) document based on data of the UNWTO

3.1%
100%
Unknown3

[Part I] Global Tourism Trends in 2017
 In the "Ranking of the Number of International Visitors by Country/Region" in 2016, Japan was placed at the same rank as the previous year
(16th (5th in Asia)) with 24.04 million.
 In the "Ranking of the Number of International Visitors by Air or Sea" in 2016, Japan ranked 7th (2nd in Asia), up from 9th (3rd in Asia) in
the previous year, with 24.04 million.
 The number of international visitors to Japan in 2017 (28.69 million) was equivalent to 11th in the "Ranking of the Number of International
Visitors by Country/Region" and 6th in the "Ranking of the Number of International Visitors by Air or Sea" in 2016.
(Figure I-7) Ranking of the Number of International Visitors by Country/Region(10,000 people)(2016)
0
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000
France★U.S.A.
Spain
China
Italy
★Turkey
U.K.
Germany
MexicoThailand(Japan)Austria
Malaysia
Hong Kong
GreeceRussiaJapan
CanadaSaudi Arabia
PolandSouth Korea
Netherlands
Macau
Hungary
U.A.E.
India
Croatia
UkraineSingapore
Portugal★Czech Republic
Taiwan★Sweden★Denmark
MoroccoSouth Africa
Vietnam★Indonesia★Ireland
Switzerland

5,237

5,927

8,260
7,747
7,556

3,948
3,581
3,558
3,496
3,259
28.69 million international visitors
2,869
came to Japan in 2017.
2,812
2,676
2,655
2,480
2,455
Japan ranked 16th in the world and 5th
2,404
in Asia.
1,997
1,805
1,746
1,724
1,583
1,570
1,526
1,491
1,460
1,381
The number of international visitors is calculated and
1,333
1,291
published by different statistical standards for each
1,142
country and region. Therefore, it is necessary to note the1,115
difference of the statistical criteria of each
1,069
1,052
country when strictly comparing. (For example, the1,042
number of foreign crew members is not included in
1,033
1,004
Japanese statistics, but it is included in the statistics of
1,001
France, Spain, China, South Korea, etc.)
996
953
921

Source: Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO) document based on data of the UNWTO
Note 1: Figures shown above are provisional as of June 2017.
Note 2: In countries marked with ★ (U.S.A., Turkey, Czech Republic, Denmark, Indonesia, and Ireland) and Sweden, figures for 2016 are unknown. Therefore, we used figuresfor 2015 for the countries marked with ★ and 2014 for Sweden.
Note 3: Except for Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam, the number of international visitors means the number of international visitors who had at least an overnight stayin the country/region they visited.
Note 4: Rankings are subject to change depending on the timing of data collection, because data may be updated or modified from time to time.
Note 5: The number of international visitors is calculated and published according to different statistical criteria for each country and region, so careful comparison is required.
(For example, the number of foreign crew members is not included in Japanese statistics, but it is included in the statistics of France, Spain, China, South Korea, etc.)(Figure I-8) Ranking of the Number of International Visitors by Air or Sea(2016)(10,000 people)
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
Spain
U.S.A.
★U.K.
France★Italy(★Japan)★China★Japan★Turkey
Thailand★Hong Kong
★South Korea
MexicoGreece★Singapore
Saudi Arabia★Macau★Sweden★Indonesia★TaiwanCanadaMorocco★Russia★Vietnam
Ireland
Malaysia
Poland★Croatia★Hungary★EgyptSouth Africa★Ukraine
Germany
Austria
Netherlands
Portugal
Czech Republic
Denmark
Switzerland

4,699

6,198

3,305
3,223
28.69 million international visitors
3,219
came to Japan in 2017. (All2,869international visitors to Japan visit by2,741
air or sea.)
2,404
2,338
2,221
Japan ranked 7th in the world and 2nd in
1,809
Asia. The ranking includes only the
1,724
countries and regions where the number of
1,688
international visitors is calculated and
1,561
1,433
published for each mode of transportation
1,357(i.e., by air, sea or land).
1,319
1,154
1,118
1,069
1,045
900
894
855
843
756
523
507
494
469
290
172

Source: JTA document based on data of the UNWTO
Note 1) The number of international visitors is calculated and published by different statistical criteria for each country and region. Therefore, it is necessary to note the difference of thestatistical criteria of each country when strictly comparing.
Note 2) Figures shown above are provisional as of February 2018.
Note 3) Except for the countries/regions marked with ★, the number of international visitors means the number of international visitors who had at least an overnight stay in the country/region
they visited.
Note 4) Green in the graph indicates a country/region belonging to Asia.
Note 5) In Thailand, Sweden, Greece, and Russia, figures for 2016 are unknown. Therefore, we used figures for 2013 for Thailand, 2014 for Sweden, and 2015 for Greece and Russia.
Note 6) The figures adopted in the graph are the number of international visitors traveling by air and sea, and exclude those traveling by land (by car, etc.).
Note 7) The number of international visitors by air or sea is unknown for Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, Portugal, Czech Republic, Denmark, and Switzerland because data on the meansof transportation used by international visitors are unavailable.
Note 8) Rankings are subject to change depending on the timing of data collection, because data may be updated or modified from time to time.

4[Part I] Global Tourism Trends in 2017
 In the "Ranking of International Tourism Receipts by Country/Region" in 2016, Japan ranked 11th (4th in Asia), up from 13th (5th in Asia) in
the previous year, with $30.7 billion.
 In the "Ranking of International Tourism Expenditures by Country/Region" in 2016, Japan ranked 16th (5th in Asia), up from 19th (5th inAsia) in the previous year, with $18.5 billion.
 The amount of international tourism receipts of Japan in 2017 ($34 billion) was equivalent to 9th in the "Ranking of International Tourism
Receipts by Country/Region" in 2016.
(Figure I-9) Ranking of International Tourism Receipts by Country/Region(2016)(100 mil USD)

0U.S.A.
Spain
ThailandChina
France
Italy
U.K.
Germany(Japan)Hong Kong
Australia
Japan
Macau
India
MexicoU.A.E.
Austria
TurkeySingapore
CanadaMalaysia
South Korea
Switzerland
GreeceNetherlands
Portugal
TaiwanSwedenBelgiumIndonesia
Saudi Arabia
PolandNew Zealand
Croatia
VietnamSouth Africa
RussiaDenmark
Lebanon
Dominican RepublicCzech Republic

200

400

600

800

1000
2000

1200
2200
2059

224
196
195
193
187
184
182
181
172
159
146
141
140
134
126
118
113
111
110
96
96
83
79
78
69
68
67
63

603
499
444
431
406
396
374
$34.0 billion in 2017
340
327
325
Japan ranks 11th in the world and 4th307
in Asia299

Source: JNTO document based on data of the UNWTO
Note 1: JNTO document based on data of the UNWTO and national tourism offices from each country
Note 2: Figures shown above are provisional as of June 2017.
Note 3: International tourism receipts don’t include international passenger fares.
Note 4: Data on international tourism receipts may be updated or modified from time to time.
Calculated values of international tourism receipts are affected by changes in the exchange rates of foreign currencies to the
U.S. dollar.
Thus, rankings are subject to change depending on the timing of data collection.

(Figure I-10) Ranking of International Tourism Expenditures by Country/Region(2016)(100 mil. USD)
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
China
U.S.A
Germany
U.K.
FranceCanadaSouth Korea
Italy
Australia
Hong Kong
RussiaSingapore
Spain
Belgium
Saudi Arabia
Japan(Japan)Netherlands
Switzerland
U.A.E.
TaiwanIndia
NorwayBrazilSwedenKuwaitPhilippines
MexicoMalaysia
Austria
Argentina
Denmark
Qatar
ThailandIndonesia
IsraelIreland
PolandFinlandUkraineCzech Republic

405
291
266
250
249
242
240
221
202
196
187
185
181
181
177
171
166
164
159
145
145
122
113
102
95
95
93
92
91
83
77
68
61
54
52
50
49

636

811

1,236

2,611

Japan ranks 16th in the world and 4th in Asia
$18.1 billion in 2017

Source: JNTO document based on data of the UNWTO and national tourism offices from each country
Note 1: Figures shown above are provisional as of May 2017.
Note 2: International tourism expenditures don’t include international passenger fares.
Note 3: Data on international tourism expenditures may be updated or modified from time to time. Calculated values of international
tourism expenditures are affected by changes in the exchange rates of foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar. Thus, rankings are
subject to change depending on the timing of data collection.

5

[Part I] Tourism Trends in Japan in 2017 (Situation of Travel to Japan)
 The number of international visitors to Japan in 2017 was 28.69 million (up 19.3% from the previous year).
 The number of international visitors from Asia reached 24.34 million (84.8% of the total). The number of international visitors from East Asia
reached over 20 million for the first time, with 21.29 million (74.2% of the total), including 2.92 million (10.2% of the total) from 6 major
ASEAN countries. The number of international visitors from North America was 1.68 million. The number of international visitors from 5
major European countries (UK, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain) exceeded one million for the first time.

(Figure I-11) The Number of International Visitors(Figure I-12) Breakdown of the Number of International Visitors (2017)(10,000
people)
（万人）

3,500

Italy
13 (0.4%)

2,869

3,000
2,500

U.K.
31 (1.1%)

2,000

India
13 (0.5%)

1,341

1,500

Vietnam
31 (1.1%)

1,036

1,000

733
614 673861

835 835
679

Philippines
42 (1.5%)

836

Indonesia
35 (1.2%)622(10,000 people)

Others110 （3.8%）①China736（25.6%）⑤U.S.A.
137 （4.8%） 5 Countries
In Europe
100 (3.5%)

Canada31 (1.1%)

1,974

Australia
50 (1.7%)

Germany
20 (0.7%)
France27 (0.9%)

2,404

Spain
10 (0.3%)

Russia8 (0.3%)

Northern
America168 (5.9%)⑥
Thailand99（3.4%）

Total
2,869

④Hong
Kong
223 （7.8%）

Asia 2,434（84.8%）
East Asia 2,129 （74.2%）
Southeast Asia 292 （10.2%）

Malaysia
44 (1.5%)500

Singapore40 (1.4%)02004 05

06

07

08

09

10

Source: JTA document based on data of the JNTO

11

12

13

14

15

16

③Taiwan456 （15.9%）②South Korea
714 （24.9%）

17（年）
Source: JTA document based on data of the JNTO
Note 1:Values in parentheses indicate share as a percent of all international visitors to Japan.
Note 2:“Others” is Asian, European, or other countries/regions not otherwise shown in the pie chart.

6

[Part I] Tourism Trends in Japan in 2017 (Situation of Travel to Japan)
 The tourism consumption by international visitors in 2017 was 4.4162 trillion yen (up 17.8% from the previous year).
 By country and region, China ranked first at 1.6947 trillion yen and accounted for 38.4% of the total amount, followed by Taiwan at 574.4
billion yen (13.0%), South Korea at 512.6 billion yen (11.6%), Hong Kong at 341.6 billion yen (7.7%), and the United States at 250.3 billion
yen (5.7%).
(Figure I-13) Changes in Tourism Consumption by International Visitors(yen)(100 mil. yen)
50,000180,000
Tourism consumption (100 million
yen, Left scale)44,162
170,000

40,000Per capita tourism consumption (yen,Right scale)

37,476160,000

34,771150,000

30,000140,000
20,27820,000130,000

14,167
120,000

10,846
10,000(Figure I-15) Tourism Consumption by International Visitors
Broken Down by Country/Region (2017)

8,135
110,000

0

Philippines
Canada482
1.1%
549
Vietnam 1.2%

Indonesia
Germany
456
1.0%
356
0.8%

Spain
212
0.5%

Italy
241
0.5%

Malaysia597
1.4% Singapore
664
1.5%
U.K.
669
1.5%

Australia
1,118
2.5%

Thailand
1,250
2.8%

(100 mil. yen)

Russia
154
0.3%

566
1.3%
France
571
1.3%

India
212
0.5%

Others
2,331
5.3%

2017
Tourism
Consumption byinternational
visitors
4.4162 tril. yen

U.S.A
2,503
5.7%

China
16,94738.4%

 Revised values

Hong Kong
3,416
7.7%

South Korea
5,126
11.6%

Taiwan5,744
13.0%

100,000
2011

12

13

14

15

16

17

Sources: JTA document based on data of the JNTO (the number of international visitors to Japan);International Visitor Survey (JTA) (tourism consumption)

Source: International Visitor Survey (JTA)7

[Part I] Tourism Trends in Japan in 2017 (Situation of Travel to Japan) By expense item, the amount spent on shopping was the highest at 1.6398 trillion yen (37.1% of the total), followed by accommodations
at 1.2451 trillion yen (28.2%) and food and beverages at 885.7 billion yen (20.2%).
 Travel expenditure per international visitor was 153,921 yen as a whole, down 1.3% from the previous year. Chinese visitors’ spending
rate was the highest at 230,382 yen, followed by visitors from Australia at 225,845 yen and visitors from the United Kingdom at 215,392
yen.
 Chinese visitors had high spending on shopping, while visitors from the United States, Australia, and European countries had highspending on accommodations.
(Figure I-17) Tourism Consumption by International Visitors by Country/Region
and Expense Item (2017)(Figure I-18) Travel Expenditure per International Visitor by Country/Region (2017)
Tourism consumption by international visitors per person (yen/person)

Tourism consumption by international visitors (100 million yen)Country/Region

Total amount
Accommodation
YoY change

Total

Food andBeverageCountry/Region
Transportation Entertainment

Shopping

Total amount

OthersAccommodation

Food andBeverage

YoY change

Transportation Entertainment

Shopping

Others44,162+17.8%

12,451

8,857

4,870

1,439

16,398

147

Total

153,921-1.3%

43,39730,86916,974

5,014

57,154

513

South Korea

5,126+43.3%

1,598

1,316

535

262

1,394

21

South Korea

71,795+2.2%

22,37818,435

7,492

3,665

19,530294

Taiwan

5,744

+9.5%

1,503

1,187

652

203

2,184

14

Taiwan125,847-0.0%

32,93926,004

14,286

4,458

47,846314

Hong Kong

3,416+15.9%

953

739

392

103

1,228

0

Hong Kong

153,055-4.5%

42,69033,12917,586

4,628

55,017

5

China

16,947+14.9%

3,508

2,816

1,346

408

8,777

91

China

230,382-0.5%

47,69038,285

18,2955,550

119,319

1,243

Thailand

1,250

+8.6%

365

230

145

41

467

2

Thailand

126,569-0.8%

36,95723,281

14,696

4,107

47,316212

Singapore664+12.4%

255

135

77

18

179

0

Singapore

164,281+0.7%

63,08433,30819,0054,414

44,350120

Malaysia597+14.3%

187

124

93

20

173

0

Malaysia

135,750+2.6%

42,53328,261

21,106

4,508

39,303

39

Indonesia456+23.2%

150

81

78

18

128

0

Indonesia

129,394-5.3%

42,59323,084

22,1885,098

36,431

1

Philippines

482+23.5%

133

101

57

23

168

0

Philippines

113,659+1.3%

31,46923,765

13,366

5,405

39,6540Vietnam566+30.1%

151

134

51

7

223

0

Vietnam183,236-1.6%

48,861

43,314

16,382

2,372

72,307

0

India

212

+19.2%

93

42

29

4

42

0

India

157,443+9.1%

69,506

31,212

21,875

3,268

31,583

0

U.K.

669

+25.8%

302

159

101

21

86

0

U.K.

215,392+18.5%

97,30351,28932,3906,811

27,6000Germany356+13.7%

160

76

55

8

57

0

Germany

182,207+6.5%

81,93339,03627,867

4,245

29,1250France571+19.1%

233

121

104

22

90

0

France212,442+12.4%

86,88245,01738,882

8,142

33,400

120

Italy

241

+2.1%

109

50

45

7

29

0

Italy

191,482-3.3%

86,74639,65935,968

5,634

23,311

163

Spain

212

+3.1%

78

49

45

7

33

0

Spain

212,584-5.1%

77,94449,08245,486

7,166

32,794112

Russia154+47.0%

49

32

19

7

47

0

Russia199,236+4.4%

63,122

41,49924,9089,074

60,512

121

U.S.A.

2,503+17.5%

1,055

575

392

91

386

6

U.S.A.

182,071+6.2%

76,71941,791

28,477

6,603

28,071

411

Canada549+29.6%

220

128

93

22

87

0

Canada179,525+15.8%

71,951

41,75730,316

7,095

28,31591

Australia

1,118

+1.7%

441

248

175

70

184

0

Australia

225,845-8.5%

89,06050,06635,375

14,08937,19559

Others2,331+29.9%

908

514

387

76

436

10

Others212,750+16.2%

82,832

46,90035,2996,967

39,796956

Source: International Visitor Survey (JTA)

Source: International Visitor Survey (JTA)8

[Part I] Tourism Trends in Japan in 2017 (Situation of Japanese Overseas
Travel and Domestic Trips)(Japanese Overseas Travel)
 In 2017, the number of Japanese overseas travelers increased for the second consecutive year to 17.89 million (up 4.5% from theprevious year).
(Domestic Trips)
 In 2017, the number of Japanese nationals who took overnight trips was 323.33 million (down 0.7% from the previous year), and thenumber of Japanese nationals who took domestic one-day trips was 324.18 million (up 2.8% from the previous year).
(Figure I-28) The Number of Japanese Overseas Travelers(Figure I-29) Changes in the Total Number of Domestic Overnight
Trips and Domestic One-Day Trips(10,000 people)(10,000 people)

1,900
1,800
1,700

1,849
1,789

1,753
1,740
1,729
1,683

1,747
1,699
1,664

1,599
1,600

1,545

1,712
1,690
1,621

35,00034,00032,56633,00032,04232,0001,500

31,0001,400

30,00031,55531,29932,33332,41829,73431,542

1,300

29,00031,05329,78829,72029,17328,000

1,200
1,100
1,000

27,000Overnight trips

26,000One-day trips

25,0002012

Source: JTA document based on data of the Ministry of Justice13

Source: National Tourism Survey (JTA)
Note 1:Figures for 2017 are preliminary.

14

15

16

17

9

[Part I] Tourism Trends in Japan in 2017 (Situation of Japanese Overseas
Travel and Domestic Trips)
 In 2017, Japanese domestic tourism consumption increased for both overnight trips and same-day trips to 21.1 trillion yen (up 0.8%
from the previous year).
 In 2017, domestic tourism consumption by Japanese and international visitors increased to 26.7 trillion yen (up 3.6% from theprevious year).
 Within that, domestic tourism consumption by international visitors accounted for 16.5%, exceeding 15% for the first time.

(Figure I-30) Japanese Domestic Tourism Consumption(Figure I-31) Domestic Tourism Consumption in Japan(trillion yen)
25

20.4

19.7

20

19.4

20.4

20.2

21.0

18.4

5.1

5.0

4.4

4.6

4.8

4.9

Domestic
trips by international visitors
訪日外国人旅行
to4.4兆円(16.5%)
Japan ; 4.4 trillion yen (16.5%)

21.1

5.1

Japanese overseas travel (domestic
日本人海外旅行（国内分）
consumption) ; 1.2 trillion yen
1.2兆円（4.4％）(4.4%)

4.5
15
Japanese domestic
日本人国内宿泊旅行
overnight
trips ; 16.1
16.1兆円（60.2%）
trillion yen (60.2%)

10
15.4

14.8

15.0

15.4

13.9

15.8

16.0

16.1

5
日本人国内日帰り旅行
Japanesedomestic same-day
trips5.0兆円（18.8％）; 5.0 trillion yen (18.8%)

0
2010

11

12

13

Overnight trips
Total domestic trips
Source: National Tourism Survey (JTA)

14

15

16

17

One-day trips

Source: National Tourism Survey (JTA)10

[Part I] Tourism Trends in Japan in 2017 (Situation of Overnight Trips)
 In 2017, the total number of guest nights in hotels and Ryokans (Japanese-style inns) in Japan increased to 498.19 million (up 1.2% fromthe previous year). Within that, the total number of guest nights of Japanese was 420.19 million (down 0.7% from the previous year), andthe total number of guest nights of international visitors was 78 million (up 12.4% from the previous year).
 The growth rate in outlying areas (up 15.8%) exceeded that in the 3 major metropolitan areas (up 10.2%). The number of guest nights inoutlying areas accounted for over 40% of the total number of guest nights for the first time.
(Figure I-32) Total Number of Guest Nights (Japanese/International Visitors)(Figure I-33) Guest Nights of International Visitors in 3 Major
Metropolitan Areas and in Outlying Areas（単位：万人泊）(10,000
guest nights)(100 mil. guest nights)

5,000

6

（60.3%）
4,186

3 Major
三大都市圏
Metropolitan
Areas（59.1%）
4,612

4,000
5.041

5

4.395

4.659

4.735

0.335

0.448

0.656

4.925

4.982

3,000

0.694

0.780

2,000

0.263

+10.2%

1,000

4

0
2016

3

2

4.132

4.324

4.287

4.385

4.231

4.202

3,000

1

Outlying
地方部
Areas（単位：万人泊）(10,000
guest nights)

4,000

2017 (年)（39.7%）（40.9%）
3,188

2,753

+15.8%

2,000
0
2012

13

14

15

16

17

1,000

Total number of guest nights of international visitors
Total number of guest nights of Japanese
Source: Overnight Travel Statistics Survey (JTA)
Note 1: Figures for 2017 are preliminary.
Note 2: Figures given above each bar indicate the total number of guest nights of Japanese andinternational visitors.

0

2016

2017

(年)

Source: Overnight Travel Statistics Survey (JTA)
Note 1: Figures for 2017 are preliminary.
Note 2: “3 major metropolitan areas” refers to 8 prefectures: Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Aichi,
Osaka, Kyoto, and Hyogo. “Outlying areas” refers to all other prefectures.
Note 3: Values in parentheses indicate the composition rate.

11

[Part I] Tourism Trends in Japan in 2017 (Situation of Overnight Trips)
 Room occupancy rates rose from 59.7% in the previous year to 60.8% in 2017.
 In particular, the room occupancy rate remained at a high level, over 80%, in Osaka Prefecture.
 By accommodation type, the room occupancy rate for city hotels was 79.4% and for business hotels it was 75.4%. The room occupancy
rate for Ryokans was 38.1%.
(Figure I-35) Room Occupancy Rates(Figure I-36) Room Occupancy Rates by Accommodation Type
(%)
90

90%
Osaka 83.1%
Tokyo 80.1%
80%

80

70%

Okinawa 66.1%

70
67.3

60

Hiroshima 65.9%
Hokkaido 63.8%

60%

50%

Miyagi 57.9%

54.8

50

78.7

79.4

69.5
55.2
52.3

72.1

74.2

74.4

75.4

60.3

59.7

60.8

56.0

56.9

37.0

37.1

57.4
54.0

57.8

48.0

Ishikawa 63.7%
National average
60.8%

79.2

72.5

Fukuoka 72.7%
Aichi 71.5%

75.7

77.3

40
30

35.5

33.4

35.2

38.1

Kagawa 57.8%

20

40%
2012

13

14

Source: Overnight Travel Statistics Survey (JTA)
Note 1:Figures for 2017 are preliminary.

15

16

17

2012
13
14
City hotels
Total
Ryokans (Japanese-style inns)
Source: Overnight Travel Statistics Survey (JTA)
Note 1:Figures for 2017 are preliminary.

15

16
Business hotels
Resort hotels

17

12[Part I] Trends in Japanese Tourism in 2017 (Regional Blocks)
 The total number of guest nights by regional block, the number increased in the Tohoku and Kyushu regions as compared to theprevious year, by 40.4% and 31.4%, respectively. Hokkaido (up 13.4%), Hokuriku-Shin’etsu (up 16.0%), Kinki (up 15.4%), Chugoku (up21.5%), Shikoku (up 23.0%), and Okinawa (up 19.3%) also exceeded the national average.
 The total number of guest nights of international visitors by regional block, the number of visitors from China was the highest in 4
regions (Hokkaido, Kanto, Chubu, and Kinki), from the number of visitors from South Korea was the highest in 2 regions (Kyushu andOkinawa), and that from Taiwan was the highest in 4 regions (Tohoku, Hokuriku-Shin’etsu, Chugoku, and Shikoku).

(Figure I-43) YoY Changes of the Total Number of Guest Nights(Overall/International Visitors) in Japan by Regional Blocks (2017)(Figure I-44) Regional Blocks Breakdown for the Total Number ofGuest Nights of International Visitors by Country/Region (2017)45%
Total number of guest nights

40%

Total number of guest nights of international visitors

40.4%

Hokkaido
YoY Changes of the number of guest
nights of international visitors: 12.4%

35%

31.4%

China,24%

Taiwan,40%

Tohoku

30%
25%

21.5%

20%
15%

16.0%

19.3%

15.4%

13.4%

7.1%

5.9%
3.4%

1.1%

3.1%

1.2%

Kinki
Chugoku

-10%

-2.3%
-4.4%

-0.6%

-1.5%

-2.2%

YoY changes of the total number of guest nights：1.2%

Shikoku
KyushuOkinawa0%
Source: Overnight Travel Statistics Survey (JTA)
Note 1:Comparison was made between the figures of 2016 (confirmed) and 2017 (preliminary).

Hong Kong,11%

Taiwan,31%

China,26%

Taiwan,16%South Korea,6%China,11%
Australia,5%South Korea,16%

Taiwan,15%

Hong Kong,18%

South Korea,45%

South Korea,30%

20%

Others,36%

Hong Kong,10%
U.S.A.,5%

Hong Kong,10%South Korea,12%
China,11%Europe,10%Taiwan,27%

Others,22%

Others,40%

Hong Kong,7% Thailand,4%South Korea,6%Taiwan,13%

China,45%

2.3%

0%
-5%

HokurikuShin'etsu

Others,20%

China,17% South Korea,8% Hong Kong,6%
U.S.A.,7%
South Korea,7%Taiwan,11% U.S.A.,11%
Europe,6%

China,25%

Chubu

10%
5%

Kanto

23.0%

Thailand,5%South Korea,19% Hong Kong,11%

Taiwan,20%

Taiwan,24%

40%

Others,25%

Others,28%

Others,41%

China,16%South Korea,11%
U.S.A.,4%

Taiwan,18%

Hong Kong,12%
China,22%60%

Others,25%

China,11%

Others,12%
U.S.A.,2%

Hong Kong,12%
Others,8%
U.S.A.,4%

80%

100%

Source: Overnight Travel Statistics Survey (JTA)
Note 1:“Europe” refers to 3 countries: the United Kingdom, France, and Germany.
Note 2: Figures for 2017 are preliminary.

13

[Part II] “Tourism” Expanding Its
Presence in the Japanese Economy
 Impact of Recent Increase in International Visitors to Japan (1): Consumption (Sales)…………………….. 15
 Impact of Recent Increase in International Visitors to Japan (2): Exports…………………………………..… 16
 Impact of Recent Increase in International Visitors to Japan (3): Investment………………………………… 18
 Impact of Recent Increase in International Visitors to Japan (4): Balance of International Payments…..… 20
 Impact of Recent Increase in International Visitors to Japan (5): Impact on Business Sentiment……….… 21
 Impact of Recent Increase in International Visitors to Japan (6): Regional Economies…………………..… 21
 Contribution to Economic Growth……………………………………………………………………………....… 23
 For Further Development as a Growth Engine (Summary and Challenges)………………………………… 24
 Column: For Establishing Sustainable Tourism…………………………………………………………………. 25

[Part II] Impact of Recent Increase in International Visitors to Japan (1) Part II of the White Paper on Tourism in Japan for the year shows the results of the analysis on the impact of the recent increase in inbound visitors
to Japan on the Japanese economy, which was conducted from a broad perspective, including effects that are not included in tourism
consumption. The contribution of tourism to the recent economic growth was also analyzed. The analysis confirmed that the effects of inboundvisitors are reflected in macroeconomic indicators and that tourism is becoming the main engine of Japanese economic growth.

In the past 5 years, the number of international visitors
to Japan increased by a factor of 3.4 times and tourism
consumption increased 4.1 times.
(Figure II-1) Changes in the Number of International Visitors and Tourism
Consumption

Number of international
visitors
Tourism consumption byinternational visitors
Accommodation
Food and Beverage
Transportation
Entertainment
Shopping

Other

2012

2017

Increase(10,000 people)(10,000 people)(10,000 people)

836

2,869

2,033

44,162
12,451
8,857
4,870
1,439
16,398147

3.4

33,316
8,738
6,628
3,691
1,146
12,992
121

2017

Increase(10,000 people)(10,000 people)(10,000 people)

2,678
1,370
1,647
1,465
655
1,194
662
407

16,947
8,777
5,744
5,126
3,416
3,052
1,596
1,118

14,269
7,407
4,097
3,661
2,761
1,858
933
712

Shopping (of above)
TaiwanSouth Korea
Hong Kong
Northern America
EuropeAustralia
Source: International Visitor Survey (JTA)(Tourism consumption by international visitors)

300%

4.1
3.4
4.0
4.1
4.9
4.8
5.7

2012

(Figure II-3) Changes in the Percentage of Purchases by International Visitors in the
Total Sales by Industry (Comparison between 2013 and 2017)(Increases in sales and tourism
consumption by international visitors)

20%
17.3%

18%
590.3%

250%

16%

222.4%

221.4%

14%

192.3%

200%

12%
150%

(Figure II-2) Changes in Tourism Consumption by International Visitors Broken
Down by Country/Region(100 mil. yen)

China

• The percentage of purchases by international visitors in the total
sales increased in each industry.

times(100 million yen) (100 million yen) (100 million yen)

10,846
3,713
2,229
1,179
293
3,406
26

Impact (1): Impact on Consumption (Sales)

141.6%

10%
6.5%

100%

7.6%
3.5%

times

8%
4.2%

3.1%

4%

50%

6.3
6.4
3.5
3.5
5.2
2.6
2.4
2.8

5.7%

0%
Accommodations

4.6%
1.3%
Restaurants

10.9%

Figures in parentheses indicate sales in eachindustry in 2017 (billion yen).

(5,366)(19,492)

1.0%
11.7%

(8,041)

22.7%
1.6%

1.1%
Railways

6%

Pharmaceuticals andcosmetics
RetailDrugstores(9,765)(6,058）2%
0%

Increases in tourism consumption by international visitors to Japan (Left scale)
Increase in sales by industry (Left scale)Tourism consumption by international visitors to Japan (2013, Right scale)Tourism consumption by international visitors to Japan (2017, Right scale)
Source:Note 1:

JTA document based on International Visitor Survey (JTA), Survey on Service Industries (Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications (MIC)), Current Survey of Commerce (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI))
For drugstores, comparison was made between 2014 and 2017.

15

[Part II] Impact of Recent Increase in International Visitors to Japan (2) The increase in international visitors to Japan contributes to not only "tourism consumption" but also an increase in "exports." For example,
purchases of Japanese products made through cross-border e-commerce (cross-border EC) after travel to Japan have increased.

Impact (2): Impact on Exports (1)• About 70% of the middle- and high-income earners living in the 3 major cities in China(Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou) have purchased Japanese products throughcross-border EC.
• Popular Japanese products purchased through cross-border EC are cosmetics, food,and pharmaceuticals.
• About 40% of them have purchased Japanese products since they traveled to Japan.

• Products popular with international visitors haveincreased their consumption in Japan (tourism
consumption) and exports.
(Figure II-11) Shopping Consumption and Exports (Total for China, Hong Kong, andTaiwan)(Figure II-8) Experience in Purchasing Products Imported from Japan throughCross-border EC in China[Paper diapers](%) (Single option, n = 1,200 (2016/1, 2016/10), 1,224 (2017/8))
80
67.7
66.6
Yes
70
60.9
No
60
50
39.1
33.4
40
32.4
30
20
10
0
2016/1
2016/102017/8[Skin care products](Orange)(Light blue)(Light blue)

Source: JTA document based on Survey on Chinese Consumers’ Awareness of Japanese Products (JETRO)[Hair care products](Figure II-9, II-10) Popular Products Purchased through Cross-border EC in
China and Reasons for Purchase(Multiple options, n = 799 (2016/10), 828 (2017/8))(Multiple options, n = 962 (2016/10), 992 (2017/8))

Cosmetics
Food products

41.6
41.7

Pharmaceuticals

35.5
35.9
31.5
31.0
27.8
27.9
2017/8

Electrical products
Health food

14.7
15.3
16.1
14.8

Clothing/Fashion items

Books/DVDs
Baby goods
Other

0.2
0.3

48.5
50.3

The product is not sold in stores in
China.

44.4
45.6

I have liked the product since I traveled
to Japan.

40.4

22.7
32.4

The product is not fake.

(Light blue)

45.0

30.1
35.4

The price is low.

2016/10The product arrives in a short time after
placing an order.

6.9
8.1

The product is popular among myfriends and acquaintances.

60 (%)

29.8
32.4
9.3
12.3

0
10
20
30
40
50
0
20
Source: JTA document based on Survey on Chinese Consumers’ Awareness of Japanese Products (JETRO)

2017/8

2016/104060 (%)
Source: JTA document based on Trade Statistics (Ministry of Finance (MOF)) and International Visitor Survey(JTA)16

[Part II] Impact of Recent Increase in International Visitors to Japan (2) Travel to Japan greatly contributes to the increase in purchases through cross-border EC. The annual amount of Japanese products purchased
through cross-border EC, which is not included in tourism consumption, is estimated at about 600 billion to 800 billion yen (2017).

Impact (2): Impact on Exports (2)• Travel to Japan has a major impact on motives for purchasing
Japanese products.
• As for purchase means, cross-border EC accounts for a highpercentage in China.

• Purchases of Japanese products through cross-border EC, whichwere made after travel to Japan, have been increasing mainly in
China.

(Figure II-14) Motives for Purchasing Japanese Products
China (n=683)

39.2%

Hong Kong (n=306)

38.9%

Taiwan (n=257)

34.2%

South Korea (n=348)

35.1%

0%

12.7%
14.8%

13.8%

20%

15.7%

6.9% 8.2% 6.9% 10.8%

18.7%

13.6% 3.1% 12.8%
2.7%

12.4%

12.5%

40%

2.0%
9.2% 6.4% 3.1%

19.9%

21.3%

30.0%

U.S.A. (n=520)

20.1%

16.7%

8.9% 7.8%4.9% 9.8%
6.7%5.8% 14.4%

60%

80%

100%

My acquaintance’s travel to Japan
Information from websites
Information from the media

My travel to Japan
Information and articles on travel to JapanTV programs and special articles on travel to Japan
Other

Source: JTA document based on a questionnaire survey

Purchases throughcross-border EC[Estimated scale of purchases through cross-border EC made after
travel to Japan]◆ The amount of Japanese products purchased through cross-border
EC after one’s own travel to Japan is estimated at about 630 billion
yen in 2017.
◆ The amount is estimated at about 780 billion yen when including
purchases made after one’s family members or acquaintances travel
to Japan.
(Figure II-16) Estimated Scale of Purchases through Cross-border EC
Made after Travel to Japan(2017)
Top 5 countries and regions in
the ranking of the number ofinternational visitors to Japan(including China)(Figure II-15) Means of Purchasing Japanese Products
China (n=747)

36.8%

11.6% 5.0%

61.2%

Hong Kong (n=356)
Taiwan (n=285)

16.9%

42.1%

18.9%

5.4%

24.4%

10.4%

14.0% 5.3% 8.1% 0.8%

9.8%

9.8%

South Korea (n=400)

48.8%

11.3%

15.5%

U.S.A (n=638)

50.2%

7.5%

16.6%

11.2%

9.8%
8.2%

8.1%

8.5% 6.3%
12.5% 5.0%

0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Purchase at a supermarket/department store
Purchase by my family members or acquaintances[Purchase through Internet auctions and other interpersonal transactions] Purchase from Japan[Purchase through Internet auctions and other interpersonal transactions] Purchase from countries other than Japan[Purchase through online shopping websites] Purchase from Japan[Purchase through online shopping websites] Purchase from countries other than Japan

Source: JTA document based on a questionnaire survey(1) Purchases made after one’s
own travel to Japan(2) Purchases made after one’s
family member’s or acquaintance’s
travel to Japan
Total amount of Japanese products
purchased through cross-border EC

China

6,300

3,500

1,500

1,200

15,500

11,100Source: JTA document based on a questionnaire survey
Note 1:5 countries/regions: China, Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and the United States
Note 2:B to C transactions fall under cross-border EC.
Note 3:Figures above indicate the purchase amount in each country and region.
The figures include fees for cross-border EC and do not indicate the amount of exports from Japan.

17

[Part II] Impact of Recent Increase in International Visitors to Japan (3) Accommodation services generated construction investment of about 1 trillion yen in 2017.

Impact (3): Impact on Investment (1)• The planned building construction costs in accommodation
services increased by a factor of 8.4 times in the past 5 years.
• Accommodation services contributed to more than 20% of theincrease in the total planned building construction costs (2017).

• The planned building construction costs in accommodation services
increased more than tenfold in the Hokkaido and Kinki regions.
• The number of new buildings and floor area also increased
significantly.
(Figure II-20) Planned Construction Costs by Regional Blocks(Figure II-17) Changes in the Planned Building
Construction Costs in accommodation services(100 mil. yen)
10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,121
1,000
0
2012

(100 mil. yen)

3,500

9,431

8.2 times

2012

3,000

17.7 times

2017

Compared to 2012
About 8.4 times

National total
2012: 112.1 billion yen

8.4 times

2,500

6,333

2017: 943.1 billion yen
2,000
1,500

1,599

13

1,999

14

2,581

15

16

1,000 Compared to 201234.5 times
500
2.7 times0

2017

Hokkaido Tohoku

Source: JTA document based on Statistics on Building Starts (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT))

6.2 times

3.9 times

8.6 times
5.1 times

5.7 times
Kanto

Hokuriku

Chubu

Kinki

9.8 times

Chugoku Shikoku

KyusyuOkinawa

Source: JTA document based on Statistics Survey on Building Starts (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT))(Figure II-19) Contribution of the Hotel Industry to Increase in the
Total Planned Building Construction Costs(YoY changes, Contribution)

6%

5.3%

5%
4%

3.4%

1%

(Rate of contribution: 22.4%)(Rate of contribution: 2.4%)
0.1%(1) Number of Buildings(10,000㎡)

2000

3%
2%

(buildings)
2500(Figure II-18) Changes in the Number of Planned Buildings
Constructed and Floor Area

Contribution

1.2%

1482
792

873

867

1022

500
2012

Source: JTA document based on Statistics on Building Starts (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT))

52

68

74

13

14

93

50

2017

Contribution of the planned hotel construction costs
Increase in the total planned building construction costs (YoY changes)

196

150
100

0%

280

200

1500
1000

(2) Floor Area

1992 300
250

0

0
2012

13

14

15

16

17

2012

15

Source: JTA document based on Statistics on Building Starts (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT))

16

17

18

[Part II] Impact of Recent Increase in International Visitors to Japan (3)Impact (3): Impact on Investment (2)Inbound tourism demand generates investment in a wide range of industries, including not only the hotel industry but also the manufacturingindustry, and across Japan.
<Figure II-21: Examples of Investments Made Nationwide for Responding to Inbound Tourism Demand>
Healthcare product manufacturer
The company invested about 3 billion
yen in FY 2016 to improve thecapacity to produce vitaminsupplements

Daily commodity manufacturer
The company invested about 3 billion yen
from 2018 to increase the capacity to
produce oral care products.

Comprehensive beverage manufacturer
The company invested about 3.5 billion yen
in 2016 to operate a new factory for green
tea production and expand the supply
capacity.

Confectionery manufacturer
The company built a factory for premium
chocolate production in 2017.

Financial company
In 2016, the company installed an automatic foreign
currency exchange machine and established an office tocollect information on investment trends and conductbusiness matching its clients.

Confectionery manufacturer
The company invested about 7.5
billion yen in 2017 to build a new
production building for theirproducts.

Ferry operator
Anticipating an increase in demand by the openingof the Hokkaido Shinkansen, the company
invested 2.45 billion yen to introduce new vessels
in 2017.

Two daily commodity manufacturers
The companies invested about 5 billion
yen to construct a factory for
manufacturing tissue paper and otherhousehold paper. The construction wascompleted in 2018.

Chemical fiber manufacturer
The company invested billions of yen to establish a
new office for the development of nonwoven fabric
for disposable diapers. The company will invest
about 100 billion yen over the 3 years through FY
2019 to enhance the capacity to produce materials
for disposable diapers.

Packaging container manufacturer
Amid continued growth in sales thanks totransactions with souvenir confectionery
manufacturers, the company invested
about 2 billion yen in 2017 to build a newfactory for packaging trays.

Railway track company
The company invested about 600 million yen
to introduce new vehicles equipped withinformation boards providing messages in 4
languages in FY 2016.

Printing company
With a steady increase in demand for printing interiorboxes for packaging products, reflecting growing demand
for food and medicine by customers using mail-orderservices and international visitors, the company invested
more than 2 billion yen to consolidate production bases
and increase printing capacity.

Cement manufacturer
Anticipating increased demand for tourism infrastructuredevelopment, the company invested about 1 billion yen in2015 to expand its plant.

Daily commodity manufacturer
Based on the judgment that demand for toilet paper will
increase, the company invested about 6 billion yen from 2017 tobuild a new factory.

Rice confectionery manufacturer
The company invested about 1.5 billion yen from2015 to build a new factory for Japanese andinternational tourists.

Healthcare product manufacturer
The company invested about 11 billion yen from2018 to build a new factory to manufacture
health foods and cosmetics.

Cosmetics manufacturer
Aiming to provide a stable supply of cosmetics, which are
popular among international visitors, the company invested
30 billion to 40 billion yen from 2017 to build a new factory.

Folding machine manufacturer
The company started the operation of its new plant in July
2016 to expand production of linen folding machines forbusiness use.

Metal processing parts manufacturer
Amid brisk renovations and construction of
hotels, the company invested 50 million yen in2016 to introduce the latest metal sign
processing equipment.

Cosmetics manufacturer
The company invested about 5billion yen from 2017 to build a newfactory.

Materials and building materials manufacturer
In response to the strong demand for tatami mats,mainly for public and commercial buildings, thecompany will invest about 500 million yen to build a newfactory building for tatami mats by 2018.

Baby care product manufacturer
In response to growing inboundtourism demand for disposable
diapers, the company invested about
5.5 billion yen to increase production
facilities and warehouses forenhancing the capacity to produce
disposable baby diapers.
Daily commodity manufacturer
Amid solid demand for household paper, thecompany will invest 24 billion yen to restart its
inactive production factory and build new
production facilities by FY 2018.

Overseas restaurant company
The company invested about 800
million yen in Okinawa Prefecture from2017 to develop restaurants.

Source: JTA document based on newspaper articles

Two overseas logistics
companies
The companies established aprocurement base for Japanesedaily necessities and foodproducts in 2016.

Railway company
The company remodeled existing vehicles
into tourist vehicles to attract international
visitors and tourists.

Confectionery manufacturer
The company invested about 100 million yen
to build a new factory specializing in halal
products.

Materials manufacturer
In order to improve the capacity to produce nonwoven fabric used for
disposable diapers, the company invested about 7 billion yen from FY
2016 to establish new production facilities.
Filming company
The company invested about 3 billion yen from2011 to renovate its facilities. It alsoestablished a new museum for international
visitors.
Less than 100 million yen● Chemistry

Less than 500 million yen● Transportation

Less than 1 billion yen● FoodLess than 5 billion yen

Less than 10 billion yen

Confectionery manufacturer
The company invested about 700 million yen to build
a new factory for strengthening its supply system.

● Daily commodities● Parts andmachinery● Materials

10 billion yen or more

● Other19

[Part II] Impact of Recent Increase in International Visitors to Japan (4) In services trade, "Travel" became the second most profitable category after intellectual property royalties. Indicators of comparative advantage
have improved significantly in the tourism sector, confirming that tourism is becoming the "earner" of the Japanese economy.

Impact (4): Impact on Balance of International Payments• "Travel," which had been the largest deficit category in the balance ofservices, became the second highest profitable category after intellectual
property royalties.
• The Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index, which indicatescomparative advantage, has improved significantly in recent years.

• The RCA index for the manufacturing industry had been high in Japan, but it
has been slightly declining in recent years.
• The RCA index for tourism has been increasing in recent years. However, as
compared to other countries, the presence of the tourism industry is small inJapan. It is halfway to becoming a tourism-oriented country.

(Figure II-22) Changes in the Balance of Services(Figure II-25) International Comparison of the RCA Index(100 mil. yen)

30,00010,0004.0
3.5

TravelOther services

Consignment and processing service

Transportation

Financial services

Other services

Transportation

Communications, computer,and information services

Consignment andprocessing service

Insurance and pension services

Construction

Personal, cultural, andentertainment services
Maintenance andrepair service

Public services, etc.

TravelFinancial services

Intellectual property
royalties(30,000)(100 mil. yen)

1.0
0.8

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.5 Chemical
化学製品
products

1.5

1.5

1.0

1.0

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.47

0.27

0.29

0.56

0.35

0.2
0.0

2012

13

14

15

16

Electric
machinery
電気機械

General
一般機械
machinery

1.0

Tourism
観光

0.5

0.0

0.0

2000

05

10

0.0

2000

15(年)

(年)

Source: JTA document based on RIETI TID 2015 and IMF database
Note 1:Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index: The ratio of the share of goods and services in a country's total exports to that in
111111the world's total exports. When the value exceeds 1, the goods and services are considered to have a comparative advantage.

05

10

15(年)

[South Korea]

2000

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.0

1.0

1.0

0.5

0.5

0.5

2000

05

10

15(年)

05

10

15(年)

[Thailand]

4.0

0.0

0.0

[Spain]4.0

3.0

Transportmachinery
輸送機械[United States]

Note:Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index:
When the value exceeds 1, the goods and services are
considered to have a comparative advantage.

0.6[France]

4.0

3.5

Source: JTA document based on Statistics on Balance of International Payments (MOF and Bank of Japan)<Figure II-23: Japan’s Revealed Comparative Advantage(RCA) Index in the Tourism Sector>[Japan]3.5

3.0
Maintenance and repair service(20,000)
Construction(20,000)

Public services, etc.

0
(10,000)

Intellectual property royalties

0(10,000)(30,000)

2010

20,00010,000Insurance and pension services

201720,000

Personal, cultural, and entertainment
services
Communications, computer, andinformation services

30,000

0.0

2000

05

Source: JTA document based on RIETI TID 2015 and IMF database

10

15(年)

2000

05

10

15(年

20

[Part II] Impact of Recent Increase in International Visitors to Japan (5) and (6) The impact of activities of inbound visitors to Japan on business sentiment has been increasing.
 In recent years, the rate of increase in the total number of guest nights of international visitors has been high in outlying areas.

Impact (5): Impact on Business Sentiment

Impact (6): Regional Repercussions (1)• The percentage of respondents citing inbound activities as the basis
for assessing the economic condition has been increasing.
• The impact of activities of inbound visitors on business sentimenthas been increasing.

• The total number of guest nights of international visitors
increased significantly in Hokkaido and Okinawa, in addition to
the large metropolitan areas.
• The rate of increase was high in prefectures in outlying areas.

(Figure II-28) Percentages of Respondents Citing Inbound Activities as the Basis for Assessing the
Economic Condition(Figure II-31) Changes in the Total Number of Guest Nights of International Visitors from 2012 to 20178%

Perc entage of re spondents who cited inbound activities as a factor for econom ic recover y
Perc entage of re spondents who cited inbound activities as a factor for econom ic downturn(1) Increase in the Number of Guest Nights
Tokyo
Osaka
Hokkaido
Okinawa
Kyoto
Fukuoka
Chiba
Aichi
Kanagawa
Yamanashi
NaganoOita
Shizuoka
Hyogo
Gifu(10,000
guest nights) 0

6%
4%

2%
0%
11 1

4

7

2012

10

1

4

13

7

10

1

4

14

7

10

1

15

4

7

10

1

16

4

7

10

17

200

400

600

800

1,073

KagawaSaga
Aomori
Okinawa
Okayama
NaganoWakayama
Oita
Fukuoka
Iwate
Kagoshima
Gunma
Yamanashi
Ishikawa
Osaka

1,000 1,200

9.26

6.05
5.89
5.36
4.57
4.46
4.25
4.21
4.20
4.19
4.12
3.96
3.84
3.82

10.52

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (times)

1 (month)
18(year)

Source: Overnight Travel Statistics Survey (JTA)

Source: JTA document based on Economy Watchers Survey (Cabinet Office)(Figure II-29) Relationship between Changes in Tourism Consumption by International Visitors to Japanand Economic Assessment(Inbound DI)

382
328
243
173
165
134
115
103
101
98
85
68

865

542

(2) Rate of Increase(Figure II-33) Changes in the Share of International Visitors in the Total Number of Guest Nights(Share)(YoY changes, %)

80

100

2012
Preliminary figures for 20178070

Nationwide figures (15.7% in 2017)

Nationwide figures (2012)
Nationwide figures (Preliminary figures for 2017)

60
60

40

50

20
0

40

Inbound DI (Left scale)

-20

30

-40

Nationwide figures (6.0% in 2012)Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ(quarter)
2013

14

15

16

17

Source: JTA document based on Economy Watchers Survey (Cabinet Office)18 (year)

Hokkaido

Tohoku

Kanto

Hokuriku
Shinetsu
Source: Overnight Travel Statistics Survey (JTA)

Chubu

Kinki

Chugoku

Shikoku

KyusyuOkinawa21

[Part II] Impact of Recent Increase in International Visitors to Japan (6)Impact (6): Regional Repercussions (2)• In the Okinawa region, the tourism consumption by international visitors
increased by a factor of about 8 times in the past 5 years.
• In the Kinki region, the tourism consumption by international visitors also
increased by a factor of about 5 times and expanded its share.

(times)

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

• In outlying areas where inbound visitors have been increasing
remarkably, construction investment in the hotel industry has increased
significantly in response to the increase in inbound visitors.

(Figure II-35) Changes in Tourism Consumption by International
Visitors by Regional Blocks (2017/2012)

7.9

Nationwide：4.1

5.2
4.1

3.4

3.6

3.8

(Figure II-37) Trends in Planned Building Construction Costs inaccommodation services in Prefectures with a High Rate of Increase in the
Total Number of Guest Nights of International Visitors

7.7

3.7

2.4

Source: JTA document based on International Visitor Survey (JTA)
Note 1:Figures above are estimated figures calculated by a simple method that rearranges existing statistical values.

(Aomori Prefecture)(Saga Prefecture)(Kagawa Prefecture)

4.5(million
yen)
（百万円）
4,643
5,000
4,500
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,360
1,500
1,000
500 48 265 185 40
0（年）(million
yen)（百万円）(million
yen)（百万円）
8,519 4,000
9,000
3,663
8,000
3,500
7,000
3,000
6,000
2,500
5,000
2,000
4,000
1,500
3,000
1,000
2,000
500 52 53 18 92 250
430
1,000 0213 16 101
0
0

（年）

（年）

(Figure II-36) Tourism Consumption by International Visitors Broken
Down by Regional Blocks<2012><2017>
Hokkaido,
Shikoku,
0.4% Kyusyu, 6% Hokkaido, 7%
Chugoku,
Okinawa, 2% Tohoku,
1%1%
Kinki,
23%
Kanto,
Chubu,
50%
7%

Okinawa,
Shikoku, 1%
5%
Kyusyu, 6%

7%(million
yen)
（百万円）

Tohoku, 1%

Chugoku,
1%
Kinki, 30%
Kanto, 41%
Chubu, 6%

HokurikuShin’etsu, 2%
Hokuriku
Shinetsu, 2%(Okayama Prefecture)(Okinawa Prefecture)
90,00078,53280,00063,86870,00060,00050,00040,00030,000 12,746
13,86010,98820,0008,089
10,0000(million
yen)
4,060
（百万円）
4,500
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
960
1,000
344 188 179
500 990（年）

Source: JTA document based on Statistics on Building Starts (MLIT)

（年）

22

[Part II] Contribution to Economic Growth Tourism has contributed to the recent economic growth, far exceeding its share of GDP, and is becoming the main
engine of economic growth.

Contribution to Recent Economic Growth• Tourism accounted for about 4.5% (about 2 trillion yen) of theincrease in nominal GDP of 40 trillion yen (from 2012 to 2016).
Tourism contributed to economic growth, which was about 2.6
times higher than its share of GDP in 2012 (about 1.7%).

• Tourism GDP growth rate was 23.0% (from 2012 to2016), which was one of the highest, along withtransport equipment (23.0%).
(Figure II-41) Comparison of Nominal GDP Growth Rates by Economic Activity(Economic growth rate by industry from 2012 to 2016)(Figure II-42) Percentages of Contribution to Nominal GDP Growth Rate(Contribution rate to nominal economic growth from 2012 to 2016)161.2%

25%
20%
15%
10%
5%

23.0%
21.4%
20.5%
19.9% 19.2%
19.7%
18.6%
18.5%

23.0%

Contribution rate: Percentage contributing to the increase in
overall economic growth = Growth rate of each industry x Share

12.0%

12%
8.5%
8.3%
7.7%

8%

6.1%

9.3%
9.6%
8.5%
7.7%
7.4%
6.8%
5.1%
4.0%
3.6%
2.7%
4.0%
2.3%
2.8%
2.5%
1.2%
0.9%0.1%

6%
4.2%
3.2%
3.9%
3.3%
2.8%2.7%
2.3%
2.2%
1.8%
2.3%
2.3%
1.5%
1.3%
1.9%
1.1%
1.8%
0.7%
1.4% 1.1%
0.6%
1.0%
0.7%
0.1%

4%
2%

-0.5%
-2.8%

0%

4.5%

0.1%0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
-0.2%-0.3%

Tourism GDP (1.7)

Source: JTA document based on National Accounting (Cabinet Office)Note 1:Values in parentheses next to the industry name indicate the share of the industry of nominal
111111GDP in 2012.

Other services (4.7)

Mining (0.1)

Printing (0.5)

Finance and insurance (4.5)

Forestry (0.0)

Information and communications equipment …

Textile goods (0.3)

Fisheries (0.1)

Gas and water supply, etc. (1.5)

Pulp, paper, and paper products (0.4)

Wholesale (8.9)

Ceramics and stone products (0.5)

Agriculture (1.0)

Electronic components and devices (0.9)

Communications and broadcasting (2.4)

Public service (5.3)

Other real estate (1.6)

Metal products (0.8)

Retail (5.8)

Petroleum and coal products (0.8)

Education (3.7)

Primary metal (1.7)

Hotel and restaurant services (2.4)

Information services, etc. (2.7)

House leasing (10.4)

Electric machinery (1.2)

Other manufacturing (1.5)

Food products (2.5)

Transport and postal services (5.1)

Chemistry (2.0)

Transport machinery (3.0)

General machinery (2.9)

Specialized services, etc. (7.2)

Health, hygiene, and social services (6.9)

Construction (4.9)-2%Electricity (0.5)

Tourism GDP
Printing
Other services
Finance and insurance
Wholesale
Information and communications equipment
House leasing
Public service
Textile goods
RetailMiningGas and water supply, etc.
Communications and broadcasting
Education
Transport and postal services
Information services, etc.
Other real estate
Hotel and restaurant services
Fisheries
Agriculture
Specialized services, etc.
Health, hygiene, and social services
Food products
Primary metal
Forestry
Ceramics and stone productsElectronic components and devices
Pulp, paper, and paper products
General machinery
Chemistry
Metal products
Other manufacturing
Electric machinery
Petroleum and coal products
Construction
Transport machinery
Electricity

Source: JTA document based on National Accounting (Cabinet Office)

9.6%

10%

14.3%
13.1%
11.8% 11.6% 10.6%
11.7% 11.4% 10.4%

0%
-5%

14%

23

[Part II] For Further Development as a Growth Engine
Summary of Previous Analyses

Challenges for the Future Broad impact on not only tourism consumption but also the overall
Japanese economy• In addition to "tourism consumption" of about 4 trillion yen, tourism
created purchases through cross-border EC (600 billion to 800 billion
yen) and corporate investments (about 1 trillion yen of construction
investment in accommodation services).
• Tourism became an important factor that influences the formation ofpeople's business sentiment.
• Tourism contributed to the recent economic growth, far exceeding its
share of nominal GDP (about 2.6 times). Tourism is becoming the main
engine of Japanese economic growth.

 The current achievements are just a step toward the goal.
• From the perspective of international comparison, Japan’s level of
inbound consumption is still low and there is room for further increase.
RCA index for tourism is still less than 1.
• It is essential to develop higher-level measures to achieve the goal.
 Revitalization of travel by Japanese is also important.
• From the perspective of international comparison, travel by Japanese hasroom for expansion.
• Many of the measures taken to increase inbound visitors also contributeto improving the satisfaction of Japanese travelers.
• Further efforts by parties involved in tourism (private sector) are
expected, under the government's efforts to improve the environment.

 Further investment in a wide range of industries and regions is
expected.
• Tourism induced investment responding to inbound tourism demand in
not only accommodation services but also a wide range of industries
including materials, machinery, beverages, confectionery, transportation,and restaurant industries.
• The investment has spread in various regions from Hokkaido to
Okinawa.
• More investment in a wider range of regions and industries is expected,
in response to the benefits of the effects of inbound tourism demand.

(Figure II-43) International Comparison of the Ratio of Inbound Consumption to Nominal GDP (2016)
14%
12.0%
12%
10%
8%
4.9%
6%
2.6% 2.2% 1.7%
4%
1.6% 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 1.1%
0.6% 0.6% 0.4%
2%0%Source: JTA document based on UNWTO database and IMF database Tourism is becoming the "earner" of the Japanese economy.
• While the comparative advantage of the manufacturing industry has
declined slightly in recent years, the comparative advantage of tourism(RCA index for tourism) has improved greatly.
• However, the improvement is still halfway to the goal in 2020.
• As the target is approached, the comparative advantage of tourism andits contribution to economic growth are expected to increase further, andtourism will become a major industry that will drive the growth of theJapanese economy.
• For this reason, it is essential to develop higher-level measures toachieve the goal.

(Figure II-44) International Comparison of the Ratio of National Tourism Consumption to Nominal GDP

12%10.0% 8.3%
8.1%
10%
7.0% 6.7%
8%
5.8% 5.8% 5.4%
4.9% 4.6%
6%
4%
2%
0%

Domestic trips

Overseas travel

National tourism consumption

Source: JTA document based on OECD database
Note 1:Timing of data collection: Germany (2015), United Kingdom (2014), Australia (2015), Spain (2013), Italy (2010), Canada (2016),
111111France (2015), Switzerland (2011), United States (2015), Japan (2015)24

[Part II] Column: For Establishing Sustainable Tourism
Issues of Tourism in Japan Caused by the Increase in
Inbound Visitors

For Establishing Sustainable Tourism

 About 12% of international visitors to Japan use "private
lodging" (stay at a charged private house).

 The issues need to be overcome according to regional
conditions, through the participation of local residents
and the combination of various methods.

<Figure: Accommodation Utilization Rate during Stay in Japan (JulySeptember quarter in 2017; multiple answers)>
050Hotel (western room)
Villa and condominium

18.2

1.3

• As there are a wide variety of issues that need to be overcome according to theregion, there are a wide variety of countermeasures.
• It is necessary to address regional issues with the participation of local residents,
by applying regulations as well as combining various methods, such as incentive
policies, tax and price policies, and accurate information dissemination.

3.3

Relative’s or friend's house

7.1

Youth hostel and guesthouse

6.7

Charged private house
Other (excluding charged private house)

(%)

75.1

Ryokan (Japanese room)
School dormitory and company-owned…

100

12.4
3.3

<Case Study (1): Kyoto City>• Local managers are assigned within about 10
minutes from registered houses.

Source: International Visitor Survey (JTA) One of the reasons behind the spread of private lodging is the lackof measures to meet the diverse needs of international visitors.

• City bus pricing policy to promote the use of
subway by tourists (increase in the price of
one-day bus tickets)• Not only the shortage of accommodations but also the lack of measures of existingaccommodations to meet the diverse needs of international visitors are the reasons behindthe spread of private lodging. Examples include that separation of meal charges and room
charges is not available even for long-stay visitors, there is a shortage of hotels where arelatively large number of people can stay (in case of a family trip, etc.), and there is a
shortage of facilities where guests can experience Japanese traditional life.

 Issues caused by the recent increase in private lodging andinternational visitors• Harmonization with the peaceful life of local residents (reduction in noise and waste disposal
by users of private lodging) Enactment of the Private Lodging Business Act• Breach of good manners in tourist destinations and impact on cultural assets andenvironment• Impact of traffic jams and traffic congestion on residents' lives

 Realization of sustainable tourism is a challenge that Japan must overcome
to become a tourism-oriented country.

<Case Study (2): Kamakura City>• Pilot program to give priority to local
passengers over tourists during the peak hours• Examination of "area pricing" charging forvehicles traveling on public roads within the
area

25

[Part III] Measures Taken in FY 2017/[Part IV] Measures to be Taken in FY 2018
(1) Enhance the Attractiveness of Tourism Resources to be
the Foundation for "Regional Revitalization"(3) Create an Environment Where All Travelers can Enjoy
Sightseeing Comfortably Without Stress Drastic opening of attractive public facilities and infrastructure to the public Development of cultural assets as tourism resources Branding of national parks
 Enhancing the attractiveness of tourist destinations through the conservation andutilization of scenic tourism assets
 Establishment and formation of farming, mountain, and fishing villages for long stay
 Promoting the development of tourism towns utilizing Japanese traditional houses
and other historical resources Development of new tourism resources Acquisition of tourism demand in local shopping districts and expansion of
consumption of traditional crafts
 Improvement in regional tourist routes to meet world-class standards
 Promoting the formation of the "Tourism-oriented country showcase" Recovery of tourism in the Tohoku region

 Realization of innovative immigration using cutting-edge technology
 Promoting "integrated revitalization of tourism and communities" through community
development activities by the private sector
 Dramatic improvement in the cashless environment
 Dramatic improvement in the communications environment and realization of anenvironment in which anyone can walk independently Providing information in multiple languages
 Enhancement of the system for accepting foreign patients as well as emergency
patients
 Environment where people can experience the good security of "Japan, the safest
country in the world" Completion of the "regional revitalization corridor"
 Strengthening gateway functions and promoting LCC service at regional airports
 Further increase in acceptance of cruise ships
 Innovation of public transportation environment
 Holiday reform Promoting universal design for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics(2) Innovate the Tourism Industry to Enhance International
Competitiveness and to Become Japan's Core Industry
 Comprehensive review of tourism-related regulations and systems
 Support for private accommodation services
 Development and strengthening of tourism management personnel based on
industry needs
 Urgently overcoming the shortage of accommodations, and provision ofaccommodations to meet diverse needs
 Formation and development of world-class DMOs
 Ongoing development of the "tourist destination revitalization fund" Examination of financial resources for the realization of a next-generation tourismoriented country Strategic enhancement of the Inbound Tourism Promotion Project Strengthening external activities to deliver diverse attractiveness for promoting
inbound tourism
 Promotion of inviting MICE
 Examination of IR legislative measures Strategic relaxation of visa requirements
 Revitalization of educational travel to Japan Enhancement of tourism education
 Revitalization of outbound travel by youth

26