2023 ANTI-DOPING RULES
APPENDIX 1
DEFINITIONSWhen used in these Anti-Doping Rules, the following words or terms have the following meanings(the defined terms below include their plural and possessive forms, as well as those terms used
as other parts of speech):
ADAMS: The Anti-Doping Administration and Management System (ADAMS) is a web-based
database management tool for data entry, storage, sharing, and reporting designed to assist
stakeholders and WADA in their anti-doping operations in conjunction with data protection
legislation.
Administration: Providing, supplying, supervising, facilitating, or otherwise participating in the Useor Attempted Use by another Person of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method. However,this definition will not include the actions of bona fide medical personnel involving a Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method Used for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or otheracceptable justification and will not include actions involving Prohibited Substances that are notprohibited in Out-of-Competition Testing unless the circumstances as a whole demonstrate thatsuch Prohibited Substances are not intended for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or are
intended to enhance sport performance.
Adverse Analytical Finding: A report from a WADA-accredited laboratory or other WADAapproved laboratory that, consistent with the International Standard for Laboratories, establishes
in a Sample the presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers or evidence of
the Use of a Prohibited Method.
Adverse Passport Finding: A report identified as an Adverse Passport Finding as described in theapplicable International Standards.
Aggravating Circumstances: Circumstances involving, or actions by, an Athlete or other Personthat may justify the imposition of a period of Ineligibility greater than the standard sanction. Suchcircumstances and actions include, but are not limited to: the Athlete or other Person Used or
Possessed multiple Prohibited Substances or Prohibited Methods, Used or Possessed a Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method on multiple occasions or committed multiple other anti-doping
rule violations; a normal individual would be likely to enjoy the performance-enhancing effects of
the anti-doping rule violation(s) beyond the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility; theAthlete or other Person engaged in deceptive or obstructive conduct to avoid the detection or
adjudication of an anti-doping rule violation; or the Athlete or other Person engaged in Tampering
during Results Management. For the avoidance of doubt, the examples of circumstances andconduct described herein are not exclusive and other similar circumstances or conduct may also
justify the imposition of a longer period of Ineligibility.
Anti-Doping Activities: Anti-doping Education and information, test distribution planning,
maintenance of a Registered Testing Pool, managing Athlete Biological Passports, conducting
Testing, organising analysis of Samples, gathering of intelligence and conduct of investigations,processing of TUE applications, Results Management, monitoring and enforcing compliance with
any Consequences imposed, and all other activities related to anti-doping to be carried out by oron behalf of an Anti-Doping Organisation, as set out in the World Anti-Doping Code and/or theInternational Standards.
Anti-Doping Organisation: WADA or a Signatory that is responsible for adopting rules for initiating,
implementing or enforcing any part of the Doping Control process. This includes, for example, theInternational Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, other Major Event
Organisations that conduct Testing at their Events, World Athletics and other international
federations, and National Anti-Doping Organisations.
Athlete: Any Person who competes in sport at the international level (as defined by each
International Federation), or the national level (as defined by each National Anti-Doping
Organisation). An Anti-Doping Organisation has discretion to apply anti-doping rules to an Athlete
who is neither an International-Level Athlete nor a national-level Athlete, and thus to bring themwithin the definition of 'Athlete.' In relation to Athletes who are neither International-Level
Athletes nor National-Level Athletes, an Anti-Doping Organisation may elect to conduct limited
Testing or no Testing at all; analyse Samples for less than the full menu of Prohibited Substances;
require limited or no whereabouts information; or not require advance TUEs. However, if an Rule
2.1, 2.3 or 2.5 anti-doping rule violation is committed by any Athlete over whom an Anti-Doping
Organisation has elected to exercise its authority to test and who competes below the internationalor national level, then the Consequences set forth in these Anti-Doping Rules must be applied. For
purposes of Rule 2.8 and Rule 2.9 and for purposes of anti-doping information and Education, any
Person who participates in sport under the authority of any Signatory, government, or other sports
organisation accepting the Code is an Athlete.
[Comment: Individuals who participate in sport may fall in one of five categories: 1) International-Level Athlete, 2)
National-Level Athlete, 3) individuals who are not International-Level or National-Level Athletes but over whom theInternational Federation or National Anti-Doping Organisation has chosen to exercise authority, 4) Recreational
Athlete, and 5) individuals over whom no International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organisation has, or has
chosen to, exercise authority. All International-Level and National-Level Athletes are subject to the anti-doping rules ofthe World Anti-Doping Code, with the precise definitions of international and national level sport to be set out in theanti-doping rules of the International Federations and National Anti-Doping Organisations.]

Athlete Biological Passport: The program and methods of gathering and collating data as
described in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations and International Standard
for Laboratories.
Athlete Support Person: Any coach, trainer, manager, agent, team staff, official, medical,
paramedical personnel, parent or any other Person working with, treating or assisting an Athlete
participating in or preparing for sports Competition.
Athletics Integrity Unit: The Athletics Integrity Unit as defined in Rule 1.2 and Part X of the World
Athletics Constitution.
Attempt: Purposely engaging in conduct that constitutes a substantial step in a course of conduct
planned to culminate in the commission of an anti-doping rule violation; provided, however, that
there will be no anti-doping rule violation based solely on an Attempt to commit a violation if the
Person renounces the Attempt prior to it being discovered by a third party not involved in the
Attempt.
Atypical Finding: A report from a WADA-accredited laboratory or other WADA-approved
laboratory that requires further investigation prior to the determination of an Adverse Analytical
Finding, as provided in the International Standard for Laboratories or related TechnicalDocuments.
Atypical Passport Finding: A report described as an Atypical Passport Finding as described in theapplicable International Standards.
CAS: The Court of Arbitration for Sport.

Competition: An event or series of individual events held over one or more days under one rulingbody (e.g., the World Championships in Athletics).
Competition Period: The time between the beginning and end of a Competition, as establishedby the ruling body of the Competition.
Competition Venues: Those venues so designated by the ruling body for the Competition.
Consequences of anti-doping rule violations ('Consequences'): An Athlete’s or other Person’santi-doping rule violation may result in one or more of the following:(a)Disqualification means the Athlete’s results in a particular competition or Event areinvalidated, with all resulting Consequences including forfeiture of any medals, titles,
points, prize money, and prizes;(b)Ineligibility means the Athlete or other Person is barred on account of an anti-doping ruleviolation for a specified period of time from participating in any Competition, Event orother activity or funding, as provided in Rule 10.14;(c)Provisional Suspension means the Athlete or other Person is barred temporarily fromparticipating in any Competition, Event or activity prior to the final decision at a hearing
conducted under Rule 8.

(d)Financial Consequences means the recovery of costs associated with an anti-doping ruleviolation; and(e)

Public Disclosure means the dissemination or distribution of information to the generalpublic or Persons beyond those Persons entitled to earlier notification in accordance with
Rule 14.

Contaminated Product: A product that contains a Prohibited Substance that is not disclosed on
the product label or in information available in a reasonable Internet search.
Council: means the body described in Part V of the World Athletics Constitution.
Decision Limit: The value of the result for a threshold substance in a Sample above which an
Adverse Analytical Finding will be reported, as defined in the International Standard forLaboratories.
Delegated Third Party: Any Person to whom the Integrity Unit delegates any aspect of Doping
Control or anti-doping Education programs including, but not limited to, third parties or otherAnti-Doping Organisations that conduct Sample collection or other Doping Control services oranti-doping Educational programs for the Integrity Unit, or individuals serving as independent
contractors who perform Doping Control services for the Integrity Unit (e.g., non-employee
Doping Control officers or chaperones). This definition does not include CAS.
Disqualification: See Consequences of anti-doping rule violations, above.
Doping Control: All steps and processes from test distribution planning through to ultimate
disposition of any appeal and the enforcement of Consequences, including all steps andprocesses in between, including but not limited to Testing, investigations, whereabouts, TUEs,
Sample collection and handling, laboratory analysis, Results Management, and investigations orproceedings relating to violations of Rule 10.14 (Status during Ineligibility or Provisional
Suspension).

Education: The process of learning to instil values and develop behaviours that foster and protect
the spirit of sport, and to prevent intentional and unintentional doping.

Effective Date: As defined in Rule 1.7.
Electronic Device: means without limitation any electronic communication device (such as asmart phone) or electronic storage device (such as a computer, laptop computer, tablet, hard
drive, disk).
Electronic Services: mean without limitation any cloud-based services or servers (such as
WhatsApp, OneDrive, Facebook Messenger) or any other storage media or platforms on whichdata may be stored (such as a social media platform).
Event: A single race or contest in a Competition (e.g. the 100 metres or the Javelin Throw)including any qualifying rounds thereof. References to the term "Event" in the International
Standards shall be taken as meaning "Competition" as defined in these Anti-Doping Rules.
Fault: Fault is any breach of duty or any lack of care appropriate to a particular situation. Factors
to be taken into consideration in assessing an Athlete’s or other Person’s degree of Fault include,for example, the Athlete’s or other Person’s experience, whether the Athlete or other Person isa Protected Person, special considerations such as impairment, the degree of risk that shouldhave been perceived by the Athlete and the level of care and investigation exercised by the
Athlete in relation to what should have been the perceived level of risk. In assessing the Athlete’s
or other Person’s degree of Fault, the circumstances considered must be specific and relevant to
explain the Athlete’s or other Person’s departure from the expected standard of behaviour. Thus,
for example, the fact that an Athlete would lose the opportunity to earn large sums of money
during a period of Ineligibility, or the fact that the Athlete only has a short time left in a career,or the timing of the sporting calendar, would not be relevant factors to be considered in reducing
the period of Ineligibility under Rule 10.6.1 or 10.6.2.
[Comment: The criteria for assessing an Athlete’s degree of fault are the same under all Rules where fault is to beconsidered. However, under Rule 10.6.2, no reduction of sanction is appropriate unless, when the degree of fault isassessed, the conclusion is that No Significant Fault or Negligence on the part of the Athlete or other Person was
involved.]

Financial Consequences: See Consequences of anti-doping rule violations, above.
Hearing Process: The process encompassing the timeframe between the referral of a matter toa hearing panel or tribunal until the issuance and notification of a decision by the hearing panel(whether at first instance or on appeal).
In-Competition: The period commencing at 11:59 p.m. on the day before a Competition in which
the Athlete is scheduled to participate through to the end of such Competition and the Sample
collection process related to such Competition.
[Comment: Having a universally accepted definition for In-Competition provides greater harmonisation among Athletes
across all sports, eliminates or reduces confusion among Athletes about the relevant timeframe for In-Competition
Testing, avoids inadvertent Adverse Analytical Findings in between Competitions during an Event, and assists inpreventing any potential performance enhancement benefits from substances prohibited Out-of-Competition being
carried over to the competition period.]

Independent Observer Program: A team of observers and/or auditors, under the supervision of
WADA, who observe and may provide guidance on the Doping Control process prior to or duringcertain Events and report on their observations as part of WADA's compliance monitoringprogram.
Individual Sport: Any sport that is not a team sport, i.e. individual, pursuit, sprint, super sprint andmass start competitions.
Ineligibility: See Consequences of anti-doping rule violations, above.
Institutional Independence: Hearing panels on appeal must be fully independent institutionallyfrom the Anti-Doping Organisation responsible for Results Management. They must therefore
not in any way be administered by, connected to or subject to the Anti-Doping Organisation
responsible for Results Management.
Integrity Code of Conduct: means the code of conduct described in Article 75 of the World
Athletics Constitution (as amended from time to time).
International Competition: A Competition where the International Olympic Committee, theInternational Paralympic Committee, World Athletics, a Major Event Organisation, or anotherinternational sport organisation is the ruling body for the Competition or appoints the technicalofficials for the Competition. For World Athletics, a competition is an International Competition if
it is an International Competition as that term is defined in the Constitution and World Athletics
Rules.
International-level Athlete: Athletes who compete in sport at the international level, as definedby each international federation, consistent with the International Standard for Testing andInvestigations. For the sport of Athletics and for the purposes of these Anti-Doping Rules,
International-Level Athletes are defined as set out in Rule 1.4.4.
[Comment: Consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations, the international federation is free
to determine the criteria it will use to classify Athletes as International-Level Athletes, e.g., by ranking, by participationin particular international competitions, by type of license, etc. However, it must publish those criteria in clear and concise
form, so that Athletes are able to ascertain quickly and easily when they will become classified as International-Level
Athletes. For example, if the criteria include participation in certain international competitions, the international
federation must publish a list of those international competitions.]

International Registered Testing Pool: As defined in Rule 5.5.1.
International Standard: A standard adopted by WADA in support of the World Anti-Doping Code.
International Standards include any Technical Documents issued pursuant to the International
Standard.
Major Event Organisations: The continental associations of National Olympic Committees andother international multi-sport organisations that function as the ruling body for any continental,
regional or other international event.
Marker: A compound, group of compounds or biological variable(s) that indicates the Use of a
Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
Metabolite: Any substance produced by a biotransformation process.
Member or Member Federation: as defined in the World Athletics Constitution.
Minimum Reporting Level: The estimated concentration of a Prohibited Substance or its
Metabolite(s) or Marker(s) in a Sample below which WADA-accredited laboratories should notreport that Sample as an Adverse Analytical Finding.
Minor: A natural Person who has not reached the age of 18.
National Anti-Doping Organisation: The entity(ies) designated by each country as possessing theprimary authority and responsibility to adopt and implement anti-doping rules, direct thecollection of Samples, manage test results, and conduct Results Management, all at the national
level. If this designation has not been made by the competent public authority(ies), the entity willbe the country’s National Olympic Committee or its designee.
National-level Athlete: Athletes who compete in sport at the national level, as defined by each
National Anti-Doping Organisation, consistent with the International Standard for Testing andInvestigations.
National Competition: A competition involving International-Level or National-Level Athletes thatis not an International Competition.
National Olympic Committee: The organisation recognised by the International Olympic
Committee. The term National Olympic Committee will also include the national sportconfederation in those countries where the national sport confederation assumes typical National
Olympic Committee responsibilities in the anti-doping area.
No Fault or Negligence: The Athlete or other Person’s establishing that they did not know orsuspect, and could not reasonably have known or suspected even with the exercise of utmost
caution, that they had Used or been Administered the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method
or otherwise violated and anti-doping rule. Except in the case of a Protected Person or
Recreational Athlete, for any violation of Rule 2.1, the Athlete must also establish how theProhibited Substance entered their system.
No Significant Fault or Negligence: The Athlete or other Person’s establishing that any Fault or
Negligence, when viewed in the totality of the circumstances and taking into account the criteria
for No Fault or Negligence, was not significant in relation to the anti-doping rule violation. Except
in the case of a Protected Person or Recreational Athlete, for any violation of Rule 2.1, the Athlete
must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered their system.
Operational Independence: This means that (1) board members, staff members, commission
members, consultants, and officials of the Anti-Doping Organisation with responsibility for
Results Management or its affiliates (e.g., member federation or confederation), as well as any
Person involved in the investigation and pre-adjudication of the matter cannot be appointed as
members and/or clerks (to the extent that such clerk is involved in the deliberation process
and/or drafting of any decision) of hearing panels of that Anti-Doping Organisation withresponsibility for Results Management and (2) hearing panels shall be in a position to conduct
the hearing and decision-making process without interference from the Anti-Doping Organisationor any third party. The objective is to ensure that members of the hearing panel or individuals
otherwise involved in the decision of the hearing panel, are not involved in the investigation of,or decisions to proceed with, the case.
Out-of-Competition: The period(s) defined in Rule 5.5.1.
Person: A natural person (including any Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel) or an organisationor other entity.
Possession: The actual, physical Possession, or the constructive Possession (which will be foundonly if the Person has exclusive control or intends to exercise control over the Prohibited
Substance/Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance/Method exists); provided,
however, that if the Person does not have exclusive control over the Prohibited
Substance/Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance/Method exists, constructive
Possession will only be found if the Person knew about the presence of the ProhibitedSubstance/Method and intended to exercise control over it. Provided, however, there will be no
anti-doping rule violation based solely on Possession if, prior to receiving notification of any kindthat the Person has committed an anti-doping rule violation, the Person has taken concrete action
demonstrating that the person never intended to have Possession and has renounced Possession
by explicitly declaring it to an Anti-Doping Organisation. Notwithstanding anything to the contraryin this definition, the purchase (including by any electronic or other means) of a Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method constitutes Possession by the Person who makes the purchase.
[Comment: Under this definition, anabolic steroids found in an Athlete's car would constitute a violation unless the
Athlete establishes that someone else used the car; in that event, the Integrity Unit must establish that, even though
the Athlete did not have exclusive control over the car, the Athlete knew about the anabolic steroids and intended tohave control over them. Similarly, in the example of anabolic steroids found in a home medicine cabinet under the joint
control of an Athlete and spouse, the Integrity Unit must establish that the Athlete knew the anabolic steroids were in
the cabinet and that the Athlete intended to exercise control over them. The act of purchasing a Prohibited Substancealone constitutes Possession, even where, for example, the product does not arrive, is received by someone else, or issent to a third-party address.]

Prohibited List: The list identifying the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods.
Prohibited Method: Any method so described on the Prohibited List.
Prohibited Substance: Any substance, or class of substances, so described on the Prohibited List.
Protected Person: An Athlete or other natural Person who at the time of the anti-doping ruleviolation: (i) has not reached the age of 16; (ii) has not reached the age of 18 and is not included
in any Registered Testing Pool and has never competed in any International Competition in an
open category; or (iii) for reasons other than age has been determined to lack legal capacity
under applicable national legislation.
[Comment: The Code and these Anti-Doping Rules treat Protected Persons differently than other Athletes or Persons incertain circumstances based on the understanding that, below a certain age or intellectual capacity, an Athlete or other
Person may not possess the mental capacity to understand and appreciate the prohibitions against conduct containedin the World Anti-Doping Code. This would include, for example, a Paralympic Athlete with a documented lack of legal
capacity due to an intellectual impairment. The term 'open category' is meant to exclude competition that is limited tojunior or age group categories.]

Provisional Hearing: For purposes of Rule 7.4.4, an abbreviated hearing occurring prior to ahearing under Rule 8 that provides the Athlete or other Person with notice and an opportunity to
be heard in written form as described in Rule 7.
[Comment: A Provisional Hearing is only a preliminary proceeding that may not involve a full review of the facts of thecase. Following a Provisional Hearing, the Athlete or other Person remains entitled to a subsequent full hearing on the
merits of the case.]

Provisional Suspension: See Consequences of anti-doping rule violations, above.
Publicly Disclose (or Public Disclosure): See Consequences of anti-doping rule violations, above.
For the purposes of proceedings under Rule 12, Public Disclosure means the dissemination or
distribution of information to the general public or Persons beyond those Persons entitled toearlier notification.
Recreational Athlete: A natural Person who is so defined by the relevant National Anti-Doping
Organisation; provided, however, the term does not include any Person who, within the five
years prior to committing any anti-doping rule violation, has been an International-Level Athlete(as defined by each International Federation consistent with the International Standard for
Testing and Investigations) or National-Level Athlete (as defined by each National Anti-Doping
Organisation consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations), hasrepresented any country in an International Event in an open category or has been included
within any Registered Testing Pool or other whereabouts information pool maintained by any
International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organisation.
[Comment: The term 'open category' is meant to exclude competition that is limited to junior or age group categories.]

Regional Anti-Doping Organisation: A regional entity designated by member countries tocoordinate and manage delegated areas of their national anti-doping programs, which may
include the adoption and implementation of anti-doping rules, the planning and collection of
Samples, the management of results, the review of TUEs, the conduct of hearings, and the conductof Educational programs at a regional level.
Relevant Anti-Doping Organisation: For the purposes of Rule 15, in respect of a Member
Federation, any one or more organisation, authority, body or entity operating in the region or
country of the Member Federation that is responsible or has the authority within that region or
country for anti-doping in the sport of Athletics or for any matter connected with therequirements of this Rule or is otherwise responsible for discharging any of the Member
Federation's obligations under these Anti-Doping Rules.
Registered Testing Pool: The pool of highest-priority Athletes established separately at theinternational level by the Integrity Unit, and at the national level by National Anti-Doping
Organisations, who are subject to focused In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing as partof that International Federation’s or National Anti-Doping Organisation’s test distribution plan andtherefore are required to provide whereabouts information as provided in Rule 5.5 and theInternational Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Results Management: The process encompassing the timeframe between notification as per
Article 5 of the International Standard for Results Management, or in certain cases (e.g., AtypicalFinding, Athlete Biological Passport, whereabouts failure), such pre-notification steps expressly
provided for in Article 5 of the International Standard for Results Management, through the
charge until the final resolution of the matter, including the end of the hearing process at first
instance or on appeal (if an appeal was lodged).
Sample or Specimen: Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping Control.
[Comment: It has sometimes been claimed that the collection of blood Samples violates the tenets of certain religious or
cultural groups. It has been determined that there is no basis for any such claim.]

Signatories: Those entities accepting the World Anti-Doping Code and agreeing to implement theWorld Anti-Doping Code, as provided in Article 23 of the World Anti-Doping Code.
Specified Method: See Rule 4.2.2.
Specified Substance: As defined in Rule 4.2.2.
Strict Liability: The rule that provides that under Rule 2.1 and Rule 2.2, it is not necessary that
intent, Fault, Negligence, or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part be demonstrated by the AntiDoping Organisation in order to establish an anti-doping rule violation.
Substance of Abuse: See Rule 4.2.3.
Substantial Assistance: For purposes of Rule 10.7.1, a Person providing Substantial Assistance
must: (1) fully disclose in a signed written statement or recorded interview all information they
possess in relation to anti-doping rule violations or other proceeding described in Rule 10.7.1(a),and (2) fully cooperate with the investigation and adjudication of any case or matter related tothat information, including, for example, presenting testimony at a hearing if requested to do soby an Anti-Doping Organisation or hearing panel. Further, the information provided must be
credible and must comprise an important part of any case or proceeding that is initiated or, if nocase or proceeding is initiated, must have provided a sufficient basis on which a case orproceeding could have been brought.
Tampering: Intentional conduct that subverts the Doping Control process but that would nototherwise be included in the definition of Prohibited Methods. Tampering shall include, without
limitation, offering or accepting a bribe to perform or fail to perform an act, preventing thecollection of a Sample, affecting or making impossible the analysis of a Sample, falsifying
documents submitted to an Anti-Doping Organisation or TUE committee or hearing panel,procuring false testimony from witnesses, committing any other fraudulent act upon the AntiDoping Organisation or hearing body to affect Results Management or the imposition ofConsequences, and any other similar intentional interference or Attempted interference withany aspect of Doping Control.
[Comment: For example, this Rule would prohibit altering identification numbers on a Doping Control form during
Testing, breaking the B bottle at the time of B Sample analysis, altering a Sample by the addition of a foreign substance,or intimidating or attempting to intimidate a potential witness or a witness who has provided testimony or informationin the Doping Control process. Tampering includes misconduct that occurs during the Results Management process. See
Rule 10.9.3(c). However, actions taken as part of a Person's legitimate defence to an anti-doping rule violation charge
shall not be considered Tampering. Offensive conduct towards a Doping Control official or other Person involved in
Doping Control that does not otherwise constitute Tampering shall be addressed in the disciplinary rules of sportorganisations.]

Target Testing: Selection of specific Athletes for Testing based on criteria set out in theInternational Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Team sport: A sport in which the substitution of players is permitted during a competition, i.e.
relay and mixed relay.
Technical Document: A document adopted and published by WADA from time to time containing
mandatory technical requirements on specific anti-doping topics as set forth in an International
Standard.
Testing: The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution planning, Sample
collection, Sample handling, and Sample transport to the laboratory.
Therapeutic: Of or relating to the treatment of a medical condition by remedial agents or
methods; or providing or assisting in a cure.
Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE): A Therapeutic Use Exemption allows an Athlete with a
medical condition to Use a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method, but only if the conditions
set out in Rule 4.4 and the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions are met.
Trafficking: Selling, giving, transporting, sending, delivering or distributing (or possessing for any
such purpose) a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method (either physically or by any electronicor other means) by an Athlete, Athlete Support Personnel or any other Person subject to theauthority of an Anti-Doping Organisation to any third party; provided, however, this definition will
not include the actions of 'bona fide' medical personnel involving a Prohibited Substance Used for
genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or other acceptable justification, and will not include
actions involving Prohibited Substances that are not prohibited in Out-of-Competition Testing
unless the circumstances as a whole demonstrate such Prohibited Substances are not intended
for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or are intended to enhance sport performance.

TUE Committee: The panel appointed by the Integrity Unit to consider applications for the grantor recognition of TUEs in accordance with Rule 4.4.4(c). The Integrity Unit may appoint
individuals to form such a panel, or it may delegate the appointment of the panel to a suitably
qualified third party or body.
Use: The utilisation, application, ingestion, injection or consumption by any means whatsoever of
any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
WADA: The World Anti-Doping Agency.
Without Prejudice Agreement: For purposes of Rules 10.7.1(a) and 10.8.2, a written agreement
between an Anti-Doping Organisation and an Athlete or other Person that allows the Athlete orother Person to provide information to the Anti-Doping Organisation in a defined time-limited
setting with the understanding that, if an agreement for Substantial Assistance or a caseresolution agreement is not finalised, the information provided by the Athlete or other Person inthis particular setting may not be used by the Anti-Doping Organisation against the Athlete orother Person in any Results Management proceeding under the World Anti-Doping Code, andthat the information provided by the Anti-Doping Organisation in this particular setting may not
be used by the Athlete or other Person against the Anti-Doping Organisation in any Results
Management proceeding under the World Anti-Doping Code. Such an agreement will notpreclude the Anti-Doping Organisation, Athlete or other Person from using any information orevidence gathered from any source other than during the specific time-limited setting describedin the agreement.