㐟ఇ୙ື⏘ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓࠕ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄞࡳゎ࠿ࢀࡿࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ
̿⁠㈡┴㛗὾ᕷᰴᘧ఍♫㯮ቨ࡜⚟ᒸ┴໭஑ᕞᕷᰴᘧ఍♫໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋ࡢ஦౛̿

Social Innovation as Re-combination of Interests by Use of Unused
Real Estates
㸫Case analysis of KUROKABE corporation in Nagahama city, and KITAKYUSHUYAMORISYA
in Kitakyushu city㸫㤳㒔኱Ꮫᮾி኱Ꮫ㝔♫఍⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ᮌᮧ 㝯அ
based on cognitive legitimacy and innovation

せ᪨

based on social legitimacy,LQWHJUDWLRQRIDEVWUDFWOHYHO.

㏆ᖺࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ௻ᴗᐙᴫᛕࢆᇶ
㍈࡜ࡋࡓࠕࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࠖ◊✲࡟ࡼ

Therefore, it is a low reproducibility description
model.
This theoretical limitation can be solved byᆅᇦࡢ᪤ᚓᶒ┈⪅㸦ࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮㸧ࢆືဨࡍࡿ

building the arena by a new value, arranging

ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࠕ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋࠖࡢศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡟ࡣࠊ

physical entities and creating businesses based onㄆ▱ⓗṇ⤫ᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ౯್ඹ᭷࡜♫఍ⓗṇ⤫ᛶ࡟ᇶa concept of Re-combination of interests. To prove࡙࠸ࡓ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢᬑཬࢆ㔜せどࡋ㐣ࡂࡓࡇ࡜

this empirically, regional regeneration carried out࡛ᢳ㇟࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⤫ྜࡢࡳࡢ㆟ㄽ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ෌

by KUROKABE corporation in Nagahama city⌧ྍ⬟ᛶࡢప࠸グ㏙ࣔࢹࣝ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ

and KITAKYUSHUYAMORI-SYA corporation inᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡜ࡣ♫఍௻ᴗᐙ࡟ࡼࡿ㈨※Kitakyushu city is examined. In this example, theࡢ᪂⤖ྜ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ศᯒどᗙ࡟❧ࡕࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸౯್

physical entity, an unused real estate enabled࡟ࡼࡿ࢔࣮ࣜࢼࡢᵓ⠏࡜ࠊࠕ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋࠖࡢ㉳Ⅼ

mobilization of resources of stakeholders and࡟≀㉁ⓗᏑᅾࢆ௓ࡋࡓ஦ᴗࡢసࡾ㎸ࡳ࡜࠸࠺ࣔࢹࣝ

realized the regional regeneration program.

ࢆᥦၐࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⤒㦂ⓗ࡟ᐇドࡍࡿ஦౛࡜ࡋ

Key words: Community regeneration, Social࡚ࠊᰴᘧ఍♫㯮ቨ࡜ᰴᘧ఍♫໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋࡟ࡼࡿᆅinnovation, City planning, Use ofᇦ෌⏕஦౛ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ
ࠕ㐟ఇ୙ື⏘ࠖ࡜unused real estates, Re-combination

࠸࠺≀㉁ⓗᏑᅾ࡟ࡼࡾࠊࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࡢ㈨※ືof interests஦౛◊✲ㄽᩥ

ࡿ⌮ㄽᵓ⠏ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽ᪤Ꮡ◊✲ࡣࠊဨࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋࠊᆅᇦ෌⏕஦ᴗࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸ᆅᇦ෌⏕ࠊࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙ
ࣥࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࠊ㐟ఇ୙ື⏘ά⏝ࠊ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋ

ᗎᮏㄽᩥࡣࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ◊✲࡜ࡑࡢ⌮ㄽ໬ࢆヨࡳࡿࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࣉࣟࢭࢫࣔࢹࣝࡢᣢ
ࡘ⌮ㄽⓗㄢ㢟ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓୖ࡛ࠊ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋ࡜ࡋ$EVWUDFW࡚ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࢆᤊ࠼┤ࡍ᪂ࡓ࡞⌮ㄽⓗどᗙࢆᥦ♧ࡍIn recent years, constructing the socialࡿ⤒㦂ⓗ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

based on entrepreneurs’ᡃࡀᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡜࠸࠺ࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠊ1970

concepts related to city planning study isᖺ௦௨ᚋࡢᆅ᪉ศᶒࡢὶࢀࡢࡶ࡜ࠊᨻ἞Ꮫࠊ⾜㈈ᨻ

receiving a lot of attention. Existing studies haveᏛࠊ⤒῭Ꮫࠊ⤒ႠᏛࠊ㒔ᕷᕤᏛ➼ࡢᵝࠎ࡞⌮ㄽⓗᇶbeen conducted to analyze re-combination of┙ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ◊✲⪅࡟ࡼࡾ஦౛◊✲ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚ᒎ㛤interests for mobilizing local people with vestedࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ 1)ࠋ≉࡟ࠊ1998 ᖺ࡟᪋⾜ࡉࢀࡓࠕࡲࡕ࡙

rights (stakeholders). As for existing studies,ࡃࡾ୕ἲࠖ2)࡟ࡼࡾࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡜ᆅᇦ⤒῭ࡢάᛶexcessive attention was paid on sharing of value໬ࡀ┤᥋㛵㐃௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡾࠊ୰ᑠ௻ᴗᨻ⟇innovation theory

9(1785(5(9,(:1R0DUFK

ࡸ୰ᚰᕷ⾤ᆅάᛶ໬ᨻ⟇ࠊTown Management࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡞࠾ࡍࠋࡇࡢどᗙ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ

Organization㸦TMO㸧ࡢタ❧ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡟ᚑ࠸ 3)ࠊ

࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㛵ಀᛶᵓ⠏ࡢ୰ᚰ࡟≀㉁ⓗ࡞᮲௳㸦㐟ఇ୙බඹᨻ⟇ࡸ㒔ᕷィ⏬ࡢศ㔝࡛✚ᴟⓗ࡟㆟ㄽࡉࢀࠊࡲ

ື⏘㸧ࢆ⨨ࡃࡇ࡜࡛ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠕ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋࠖࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ◊✲࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ◊✲㡿ᇦࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ

஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
⁠㈡┴㛗὾ᕷࡢᰴᘧ఍♫㯮ቨ࡟ࡼࡿࠕࡲ

㸦e.g., ㅖᐩࠊ2010㸹ゅ㇂, 2009㸹⚟ᕝࠊ2005㸹▮ࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࠖ஦౛㸦3 ⠇㸧࡜ࠊ⚟ᒸ┴໭஑ᕞᕷᑠ಴ᆅ

సࠊ1997㸹▼ཎ࣭▼஭ࠊ1992㸧
ࠋ༊ࡢ໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋࡟ࡼࡿၟᗑ⾤άᛶ໬஦౛㸦4 ⠇㸧௚᪉ࠊ௻ᴗᐙ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࢆ஦౛࡜

ࡢศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢศᯒⓗグ㏙࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓⓎࡋ࡚ࠊᚑ᮶ᆺࡢ⿵ຓ㔠౫Ꮡ࡟ࡼࡿᆅᇦ᣺⯆࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ

ぢ஦ᐇ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ⌮♫఍௻ᴗᐙࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓᆅᇦ෌⏕࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀㄽⓗ㈉⊩࡜௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ

⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ♫఍௻ᴗᐙࡣࠊᆅᇦෆࡢᮍ฼⏝㈨※ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊ᪂⤖ྜࢆ㐙⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㞠⏝ಁ㐍ࡸ⚟♴ᨻ⟇ࠊほග㛤Ⓨ࡞࡝࡟ಀࡿ஦ᴗࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊᆅᇦࢆάᛶ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
㇂ᮏ
㸦2006㸧
ࡸ Mulgan㸦2006㸧ࠊඛ⾜◊✲ࡢࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ
ᡃࡀᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࠖ◊✲ࡢືྥ

Moulaert㸦2009㸧ࡽࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅᇦࡢㄢ㢟ゎᡃࡀᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ◊✲ࡣࠊ
1970 ᖺ௦ࡢᆅ

Ỵࢆᅗࡿ௻ᴗᐙάືࢆࠊࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙ

᪉ศᶒࡢὶࢀࡢࡶ࡜ࠊᆅ᪉࡟࠾ࡅࡿᆅሙ⏘ᴗࡢάᛶ࣭ࣥࣉࣟࢭࢫ㸦social innovation process㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ࣔ໬ࡸᆅᇦ᣺⯆ࢆㄝࡃ㆟ㄽ㸦e.g., Ύᡂࠊ1981㸧࡜ࠊࢹࣝ໬ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ◊ᆅᇦ⮬❧ࢆၐ࠼ࡿ㆟ㄽ㸦e.g., ୰ᮧࠊ1993㸧࡜ࡋ࡚✲ࡣࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࢆࠊ♫఍௻ᴗᐙ࡟ࡼࡿᢳ㇟ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ

ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࡓࠋᚋ⪅ࡢ₻ὶࡣࠊࠕ୍ᮧ୍ရ㐠ືࠖ4)ࡸ

⤫ྜࢆ㏻ࡌࡓࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࡢ㛵ಀᵓ⠏࡜ࡋ࡚ศࠕࡩࡿࡉ࡜๰⏕஦ᴗࠖ5)➼ࡢ⾜ᨻ᪋⟇࡜┦ࡲࡗ࡚ࠊᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ

ᆅᇦ࠾ࡇࡋࡸࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ㐠ື࡜ࡋ࡚඲ᅜ࡟ᗈࡀࡗ࡚

ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽ᪤Ꮡ◊✲࡟ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ⌮ㄽⓗㄢ࠸ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ1990 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙ࠊ
ࠕࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ୕ἲࠖ

㢟ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࡲࡎࠊࡲࡕ࡙

ࡀไᐃࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆዎᶵ࡟ࠊ୰ᑠ௻ᴗᨻ⟇ࡸ୰ᚰᕷࡃࡾ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஦౛⤂௓ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ◊✲࡜ࡑࡢ⾤ᆅάᛶ໬ᨻ⟇ࠊTown Management Organization⌮ㄽᵓ⠏ࢆヨࡳࡿࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲㸦TMO㸧ࡢタ❧࡟ಀࡿ㆟ㄽ࡜⤖ࡧࡘࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊ

ࡢ⌮ㄽⓗືྥ࡜ᨻ⟇㡿ᇦ࡛ࡢ⌮ㄽⓗㄢ㢟ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟

ᆅᇦάᛶ໬ࢆ◊✲ࡍࡿᏛ㝿ⓗ㡿ᇦ࡜ࡋ࡚ᛴ⃭࡞ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿ㸦2 ⠇㸧ࠋ᪤Ꮡࡢࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ஦౛◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ࢝ࣜ

ࢆ㐙ࡆࡓࠋࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ⌮ᛕࡢඹ᭷ࢆࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ

ࡇࡢࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ◊✲ࡢ≉ᚩࡣࠊᕤᴗᅋᆅࡢᡂຌせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋

ࡸ኱௻ᴗㄏ⮴➼ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᚑ᮶ࡢ⾜ᨻ୺ᑟࡢ㒔ᕷィ⏬

ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲ࡣࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ஦౛ࢆศᯒࡋࠊࡑࡇ࡛࡞

࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊᆅᇦఫẸࡀࠊᆅᇦෆࡢ᪤Ꮡࡢ㈨※࡟᪂ࡉࢀࡿ♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴ⟇ࡢ๰ฟ࡜ᬑཬࢆࠊ♫఍௻ࡓ࡞౯್ࢆぢฟࡋࠊほගᴗࢆጞࡵ࡜ࡋࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞⏘ᴗᴗᐙࡢ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࡬ࡢඹឤ࣭ඹ᭷࡜࠸࠺ㄆ▱ⓗṇ⤫ࡢ๰ฟ࡜࠸࠺ࠊᆅᇦఫẸ୺ᑟᆺࡢᆅᇦ෌⏕࡟ὀ┠ࡍᛶ࡜ࠊඹឤࡋࡓ⾜ᨻࡸᕷሙࡢᨭᣢࡀᣑ኱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟

ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦e.g., ᮏ㛫ࠊ1994㸧
ࠋఫẸ୺ᑟᆺࡢ

ࡼࡿ♫఍ⓗṇ⤫ᛶࡀྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࡢ

ᆅᇦ෌⏕஦౛ࡢ⵳✚ࡣࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ◊✲࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࢆ㛵ಀᵓ⠏࡜ࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᢳ㇟࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⤫ྜ㧗ࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ஦౛ࡢ⵳✚ࡀࡀࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢᡂຌせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㔜どࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡁࠊ౯

㐍ࡴ୰࡛ࠊ≉␗࡞⬟ຊࢆᣢࡘ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡢ⢭ຊⓗ࡞ά್ࡢඹ᭷ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢆᡤ୚

ື࡜ࠊࡑࡢ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࡟ඹឤࡍࡿࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮

ࡢᏑᅾ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤣ࠼ࡿࠊⱝࡋࡃࡣࠊඹ᭷࣭ඹឤ࡟ࡼࡗ

࡜ࡢ༠ㄪ㛵ಀ࡟ࡼࡿࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡜࠸࠺ㄽ⌮ᵓ㐀࡟ᇶ࡚༠ാࡍࡿ௻ᴗᐙ⩌ࢆฟⓎⅬ࡟ᤣ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

࡙ࡃグ㏙ࡢ෌⏕⏘ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ 6)ࠋ

ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ♫఍௻ᴗᐙࡢάື࡜ࡣᢳ㇟࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⤫౛࠼ࡤࠊㅖᐩ㸦2010㸧ࡣ㈈ᨻᏛࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ㛗὾㯮ྜ࡜࡞ࡾࠊලయⓗࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㈨※ࡢ᪂⤖ྜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ

ቨࡢࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ஦౛ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡣ௻ᴗᐙ

ศᯒࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

⢭⚄࡟ᐩࡴ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡸఫẸࡓࡕࡀࠊᆅᇦࢆ෌⏕ࡋࡓࡇࡢ᪤Ꮡ◊✲ࡀᣢࡘ⌮ㄽⓗഴྥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᮏㄽᩥ࡛

࠸࡜࠸࠺ᛮ࠸ࡢࡶ࡜ࠊඃ⚽࡞ࢫࢱࢵࣇ࡟ᨭ࠼ࡽࢀᆅ

ࡣࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ⌧㇟ࢆᆅᇦ㈨※ࡢ᪂⤖ྜ࡜࠸࠺どⅬᇦࢆ෌⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃጼࡀᥥࡁฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠᵝ࡟ࠊ࡟❧ࡕࠊ௻ᴗᐙάື࡜ࡣࠊ㈨※ࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ฼ᐖ㛵ಀබඹᨻ⟇Ꮫ࡛ࡣࠊゅ㇂㸦2009㸧ࡀࠊ୰ᚰᕷ⾤ᆅάᛶࢆㄞࡳゎࡁࠊ฼ᐖࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿάື㸦฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋ㸧໬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ TMO ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ㆟ㄽࡍࡿ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㛗9(1785(5(9,(:1R0DUFK

὾㯮ቨࡢヲ⣽࡟ࢃࡓࡿ஦౛ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᙼࡣ㯮ቨ࡟ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ゎㄝࡍࡿࠋ

ࡼࡿࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡣࠊ➲ཎྖ㑻࡜࠸࠺㢮࠸⛥࡞ࡿ♫఍๰ฟࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢ୺య

௻ᴗᐙࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡀࠊ౯್ほࡢඹ᭷࡟ࡼ

࡜ࡋ࡚஦ᴗࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮⩌ࡢᏑᅾ࡟ὀ

ࡾᙜヱᆅᇦࡢከᵝ࡞࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࢆᕳࡁ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ

┠ࡋࠊࡑࡢከᵝ࡞ࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࡣࠊ⌮஦㛗ࡢᮡ࡚ᡂຌࡋࡓ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢఫẸཧຍᆺࡢࡲࡕ࡙ࡃ

ᒣࡉ࠿࠼࡜஦ົᒁ㛗ࡢ㕥ᮌா࡜࠸࠺♫఍௻ᴗᐙࡀ♫ࡾࡣࠊ㒔ᕷィ⏬Ꮫࡸᘓ⠏Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ୺せ࡞ㄽⅬ࡛఍ⓗ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆᥖࡆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ㄝᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡑ

࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚ఫẸࡢ༠ຊࢆྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࠊ

ࡢ஦ᴗ࡟ඹឤࡋᨭᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿ㸦㇂ᮏఫẸࡢពḧࢆႏ㉳ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ㸦ᫍ㔝ࠊ2002㸧
ࠋ࡯࠿ࠊ2013, p.118㸧
ࠋ㇂ᮏ㸦2006㸧ࡣࡇࡢࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ

⤒ႠᏛ⪅ࡶࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஦౛◊✲ࡢ⵳✚࡟࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡜ࡢ༠ാ㛵ಀࢆࠕࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ

㈉⊩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᮡ୓㸦2007㸧ࡣࠊ㫽ྲྀ┴ᬛ࣭ࣙࣥࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࠖ9)࡜࿧ࡪࠋᙧᡂᮇ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ≉㢌⏫ࡢࠕࢮࣟ࢖ࢳࠖ㐠ື࡟ὀ┠ࡋࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ

ᐃࡢ♫఍ⓗ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࡟㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡘ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡢ㞟ࡲㄽࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊ2 ேࡢ⾜ືຊ࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࠊ

ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢᡂ⇍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟࡟཯ᆅᇦఫẸࡢඹឤࡀᗈࡀࡿ㐣⛬࡜ࡋ࡚ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࢆᤊ

Ⓨࡍࡿࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࡢཧຍࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢ

࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠᵝ࡟ࠊ▼ཎ㸦2000㸧ࡣࠊ࣐࣮ࢣࢸ࢕ࣥ

ືᶵ௜ࡅ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴࡋࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺⇕ࢢㄽࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟࠾ࡅࡿၟᗑ⾤ࡸᑠ኎࠸᝿࠸ࠖࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ♫఍௻ᴗᐙ࡟ࡼࡿ

ᴗࡢᙺ๭ࢆศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊ῝้໬ࡍࡿᆅᇦᑠ

஦ᴗయ㸦♫఍ⓗ௻ᴗ㸧࡜⤌⧊እ㒊ࡢࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ

኎ᴗࡢ⌧≧࡜ၟᗑ⾤ࡢ✵ࡁᗑ⯒ၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵ࣮࡜ࡢ┦஫㛵ಀ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ౯್ࡢඹ๰⎔ቃࠖ㸦㇂ᮏࠊ࡟ࠊၟᗑ⾤ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ㒔ᕷ඲యࡢၥ㢟ゎỴ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲ

2006, p.52㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᆅᇦ㈨※ࡀ⋓ᚓࡉࢀ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋

ࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃ

ࢩࣙࣥࡀ๰Ⓨࡉࢀࡿ࡜ㄞࡳゎࡃࠋࡾࡢ୺ᙺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ⓗ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡶࡋࡃࡣࢢࣝ

ࡇࡢ㝿ࠊ౯್ࡢඹ᭷ࡣዴఱ࡟ࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ

࣮ࣉ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࠊཧຍᆺఫẸࢆඹ㏻ࡢ౯

ᙼࡽࡣࠊ♫఍௻ᴗᐙ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠕ┦ᡭࢆㄝࡁ್ほ࡛ᕳࡁ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࠋ

అࡏࡿᡓ␎㸦e.g., Suchman, 1995㸧
ࠖ࡟╔┠ࡍࡿࠋ

ࡇࡢᵝ࡟ࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ◊✲ࡣᏛၥ㡿ᇦࢆ㉸࠼࡚஦ࡇࢀࡣࠊㄝᚓ┦ᡭ࡜࡞ࡿ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡢᬯ㯲࡟࠶ࡿㄆ㆑

౛⵳✚ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᆅᇦ෌⏕ࢆఫẸ୺ᑟࡢࡲࡕ

ࡸ౯್๓ᥦ࡟ࡲ࡛ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿᡓ␎࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢫࢸ࢖

࡙ࡃࡾ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢖ࢩ࣮࡛ࣗᤊ࠼ࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ࣮

ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸౯್ࢆཷࡅṆࡵࠊඹ᭷ࡋኚ໬ࡋ

࡟ࡼࡿ౯್ඹ᭷ࢆࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢᡂຌせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂

࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ㸦㇂ᮏ࡯࠿ࠊ2013, pp.74-75㸧ࠋࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄽ⌮ᵓ㐀ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇ

ࡇࡢᵝ࡟ࠊ๰ฟࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᝟⇕ࡸ౯್ࡢࡢ౯್ඹ᭷ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣከᵝ࡞ࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮㸦᪤ඹ᭷ࠊࡲࡓࡣಙ㢗࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛♫఍௻ᴗᐙࡀㄆ▱ⓗṇᚓᶒ┈⪅㸧ࡀዴఱ࡟༠ຊࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊලయⓗ⤫ᛶࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜どࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡞ㄝ᫂ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊணᐃㄪ࿴࡞グ㏙࡜࠸࠺⌮ㄽⓗㄢ㢟ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋḟ࡟ࠊᬑཬࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣㄆ▱ⓗṇ⤫ᛶ࡟ຍ࠼࡚♫఍ไᗘⓗ࡞ṇ⤫ᛶࡢ⋓ᚓ࡜࠸࠺どᗙࡀ௜ࡅຍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟ゎỴࡢ஦ᴗ♫఍௻ᴗᐙ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡬ࡢ᥋㏆໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊἲไ໬ࡸᕷሙࡢᨭᣢࠊᙜヱᆅᇦእ࠿ࡽ

ࡇࢀࡽಶูࡢᆅᇦ෌⏕஦౛࠿ࡽᑟࡁࡔࡉࢀࡓⓎぢࡢホ౯࡞࡝ࢆ᰿ᣐ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊேࠎࡢㄆ▱ࢆᙉไⓗ࡟ኚ஦ᐇࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࠊ௻ᴗᐙ◊✲࡛ࡣ♫఍௻ᴗᐙᴫᛕࢆ⏝໬ࡉࡏࠊ஦ᴗ࡟ṇ⤫ᛶࡀ௜୚ࡉࢀࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛࠶ࡿ

࠸࡚ࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࣉࣟࢭࢫࣔࢹࣝ

㸦e.g., Hamalaine, 2007㸧ࠋ໭ᾏ㐨ࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࣇ࢓ࣥ

㸦㇂ᮏࠊ2006㸹 Mulgan, 2006㸧ࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 7)ࠋ

ࢻ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⾜ᨻࡸ⏕༠ࠊ௻ᴗ࡜ᡓ␎ⓗ࡟㐃ᦠࢆ㇂ᮏࡽ㸦2013㸧ࡣࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࣉ

ᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࠊಙクࡸドๆ࡞࡝ࡢไᗘࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ

ࣟࢭࢫࢆ๰ฟ࡜ᬑཬࡢ 2 ẁ㝵࡟ศࡅࠊ๰ฟࣉࣟࢭࢫ

௚ศ㔝࡛ᛂ⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ⿵ຓ㔠ࡸබⓗ࡞ไᗘࢆ⏕ࢆࠕձ♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟ࡢㄆ▱ࠊղࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝࣅࢪࢿࢫ

ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡜➼ࡀᬑཬࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑ

ࡢ㛤Ⓨࠖ࡜ࡋࠊᬑཬࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆࠕճᕷሙ♫఍࠿ࡽࡢࢀࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡟஦ᴗ࡟ඹឤࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛

ᨭᣢࠊմࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢᬑཬࠖ࡜ࡋ

✚ᴟⓗ࡟㛵୚ࡍࡿ༠ຊ⪅ࡢᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ
㸦㇂ᮏ࡯࠿ࠊ

࡚᝿ᐃࡍࡿ 8)ࠋࡑࡢ⤒㦂ⓗ◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ≉ᐃ㠀Ⴀ฼

2013, pp.265-268㸧ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊἲไ໬ࢆ⾜࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ

άືἲே໭ᾏ㐨ࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࣇ࢓ࣥࢻࡀ᪥ᮏ࡛ึࡵ࡚ᕷ

ἲᩚഛ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴ࡟ඹឤẸ࡟ࡼࡿ㢼ຊⓎ㟁஦ᴗࢆ❧ࡕୖࡆࡓࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ஦౛

ࡋࠊඹ࡟ἲไ໬࡟ྥࡅࡓࣟࣅ࣮άື࡟༠ຊࡍࡿ㞟ᅋ

9(1785(5(9,(:1R0DUFKࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ୍㐃ࡢάືࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ᩛᑐ㛵ᐙࢆᡤ୚ࡢࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤣ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ๓ᥦ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸

ಀࡢⓎ⏕࡟⧅ࡀࡾࠊࡑࡢ㝿࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝ

ࡿࡓࡵࠊᨻ⟇ⓗ࡞෌⌧ᛶࡀప࠸グ㏙ࣔࢹࣝ࡟␃ࡲࡿ

ࢲ࣮ࢆࠕㄝᚓ࣭ᙉไࠖࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᒇୖ࡟ᒇ᰿ࢆ㔜࡜࠸࠺⌮ㄽⓗㄢ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡇࡢၥ

ࡡࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᭦࡞ࡿṇ⤫ᛶࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ㢟Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㇂ᮏ㸦2009㸧ࡣ⮬ぬⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡣࠊ

ࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࣉࣟࢭࢫࣔࢹࣝࡢᣢᅗ ࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࣉࣟࢭࢫ

ࡘ⌮ㄽⓗㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ฼ᐖ⾪✺ࡢゎỴ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ไᗘ
ὴ⤌⧊ㄽࡢศᯒどᗙࢆཧ↷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣦ᦬๰ฟ儻兑償儝䢢

ᬑཬ儻兑償儝䢢

ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ฼ᐖࡀ⾪✺ࡋ࡞࠸࣮࡙ࣝࣝࡃࡾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ࡢศᯒࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㇂ᮏࠊ2009,♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟䢢

儡兠儛兇兏兟䢢

ᕷሙ♫఍䢢

僔ㄆ▱䢢

儷儜儱儝僔㛤Ⓨ䢢傱僯僔ᨭᣢ䢢

p.34㸧10)ࠋ

儡兠儛兇兏兟䢢

ࡇࡢ฼ᐖࡀ⾪✺ࡋ࡞࠸࣮ࣝࣝ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ

儈儲儽兠儛克兗僔䢢ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ฼ᐖ⾪✺ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ࣓࢝ࢽࢬᬑཬ䢢࣒࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࢆ㈨※ࡢ᪂⤖㸦㇂ᮏ࡯࠿ࠊ㸧ྜ࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࠊᙜヱᆅᇦࡢྛ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡀᣢࡘ฼ᐖࡣ
᪤Ꮡࡢ≀㉁ⓗ㈨※ࡀዴఱ࡟ά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸

ࡇࡢᵝ࡟ࠊࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲ࡣࠊ࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ฼

ఱ⪅࠿ࡀࠕ♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴࡋࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺᝿࠸ࠖ࡟

ᐖ⾪✺ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞࣮ࣝࣝࡢタᐃ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ

ࡼࡗ࡚ࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࢆ༠ാࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜どࡉᡃࠎࡣ♫఍௻ᴗᐙࡢάືࢆࠊ≀㉁ⓗ㈨※ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞฼

ࢀࠊ♫఍௻ᴗᐙࡢᣢࡘࠕ᝿࠸ࠖ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚࢔ࢡࢱ࣮

⏝ࢆᕠࡗࡓࠊ㛵ಀⓗ࡞࣮ࣝࣝࡢタᐃࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ฼ᐖࡢ

ࡀࡲ࡜ࡵୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢᡂຌせ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋ࡜࠸࠺ࠊࡼࡾලయⓗ࡞࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜

ᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ศᯒࡍࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ౯್ࡢඹ᭷࣭ඹឤ࡜࠸࠺

ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ 11)ࠋᢳ㇟ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡣ
ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄽ⌮ᵓ㐀ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢศᯒどゅࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊձ♫఍௻ᴗᐙࡣࠊ㈨※ࡢ฼⏝ࢆᕠࡿ᪤Ꮡࡢ㛵ಀⓗ࣮ࣝࣝࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᆅᇦࡢ⏘ᴗᵓ㐀ࡸ฼ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ⌮ㄽⓗㄢ㢟࡜ᮏㄽᩥࡢศᯒどゅ㸸฼ᐖ㛵ಀ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟ࢆぢฟࡋࠊࡑࡢゎỴᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ

ࡢࡓࡵࡢ஦ᴗࢆ᝿㉳ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ὀ┠ࡍ࡭ࡁࡣࠊࡲ

ࡇࡇࡲ࡛࡛ࠊ
ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஦౛⵳✚࡜ࠊࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᮍ฼⏝㈨※ࡢከࡃࡣࠊࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍

ࡑࡢ⌮ㄽ໬ࢆヨࡳࡿࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ◊ࣝࢲ࣮ࡀᡤᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≀㉁ⓗ㈨※࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

✲ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢㄽ⌮ᵓ㐀࡟ࡣ௨ࡘࡲࡾࠊ♫఍௻ᴗᐙࡣ≀㈨ⓗ㈨※ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ᙜヱᆅᇦୗࡢ⌮ㄽⓗ๓ᥦࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋձࡲࡕ࡙

ࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࢆ෌⤖ྜࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ྍ⬟ᛶ࡟Ẽ௜ࡃࡢ࡛࠶

ࡃࡾ࡜ࡣࠊᆅᇦෆ㈨※ࡸࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࢆ⤖ྜࡉࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ᪤ᚓᶒ┈⪅ࡢ฼ᐖࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚ᵓ⠏ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋղࡑࢀࡽ㈨※ࡸࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮

ࢀࡓ㛵ಀⓗ࣮ࣝࣝࡀᙜヱᆅᇦࡢ෌⏕ࢆጉࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜

ࢆ⤖ྜࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ♫఍௻ᴗᐙ㸦࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ

࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡢࡶ࡜ࠊᮍ฼⏝ࡢ㎰ᴗ㈨※ࡸᒣᯘ㈨※ࡀ࣮㸧ࡢᏑᅾࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋճ♫఍௻ᴗᐙࡣࠊ♫఍ⓗⓎぢࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ά⏝᪉ἲ࠿ࡽᆅᇦ෌⏕ࢆ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆᥖࡆࠊࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡜ࡢ༠ാࢆ㏻

ᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡓ஦౛࡞࡝ࡣࡑࡢ඾ᆺ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦e.g., ụୖࠊࡌ࡚஦ᴗࢆᬑཬࡉࡏࡿࠋࡑࡢලయⓗ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ

2007㸧
ࠋ

ඹឤ࣭ඹ᭷࡜࠸࠺ㄆ▱ⓗṇ⤫ᛶ࡜ࠊඹឤࡋࡓ࢔ࢡࢱ

ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟ࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ᪤Ꮡ

࣮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⿬௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿ♫఍ⓗṇ⤫ᛶࢆ㏻ࡌࡓㄝᚓ

ࡢ㛵ಀⓗ࣮ࣝࣝࢆኚ᭦ࡋࠊ㈨※ࡢ᪂⤖ྜࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡜࠸࠺ᢳ㇟ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ⤫ྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࡟ࡣᅔ㞴ࡀ௜ࡁࡲ࡜࠺ࠋఱᨾ࡞ࡽࠊ㈨※ࡢ᪂⤖ྜࢆᮏㄽᩥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡜ࡣᆅᇦ㈨※ࡢ᪂⾜࠾࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡑࡢ㈨※࡟⣣࡙ࡃ฼ᐖࡀ㢧ᅾ⤖ྜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ♫఍௻ᴗᐙࡀࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࠿ࡽ㈨໬ࡋࠊ฼ᐖ⾪✺ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊղ

※ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⌮ㄽⓗ๓ᥦࢆඹ♫఍௻ᴗᐙࡣ᪤ᚓᶒ┈⪅࡟ࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞౯್ࠖࢆ♧ࡍࡇ᭷ࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ᪤Ꮡ◊✲ࡢᥦၐࡍࡿᢳ㇟ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ

࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞౯್ࠖࡢᥖᥭࡣࠊᆅ

⤫ྜࢆ㏻ࡌࡓࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡣࠊࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮㛫ࡢᇦෆࡢಶࠎࡢ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡀᡤᒓࡍࡿ⤌⧊ⓗᇶ┙ࡀࡶࡓ฼ᐖ⾪✺ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟౯್ࢆ⤫ྜࡉࡏࡿ♫఍௻ᴗࡽࡍ฼ᐖ࡟᢬ゐࡋ࡞࠸ࠊᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ᇶ┙ࢆᆅᇦ࡟ࡶࡓ

9(1785(5(9,(:1R0DUFK

ࡽࡍస⏝ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦e.g., ▮㒊ࠊ2012㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡣ♫఍ⓗ㯮ቨタ❧ࡢࡁࡗ࠿ࡅࡣࠊṔྐⓗᘓ㐀≀ಖᏑ㐠ື࡛࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࡬ࡢඹឤࢆྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢㄝᚓάືࢆ

࠶ࡗࡓࠋᪧ➨ⓒ୕༑㖟⾜㛗὾ᨭᗑ㸦௨ୗࠊࠕ㯮ቨ㖟⾜ࠖ
㸧ព࿡ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁࠊᮍ฼⏝㈨※ࡢ฼⏝ࡸࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡᩍ఍ࡣᘓ≀ࡢ⪁ᮙ໬࡟క

᪤Ꮡ㈨※ࡢ᪂⤖ྜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᪂ࡓ࡞౯್ࡢ♧ࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ

࠸⥔ᣢಟ⧋࣭⛣㌿⏝ᆅࡢ᩷᪕ࢆ㛗὾ᕷ࡟せồࡍࡿࠋᆅᇦෆ࡛㈨※ࢆಖ᭷ࡍࡿ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮࡜⾪✺ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺

ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㛗὾ᕷࡣ㯮ቨ㖟⾜ࡢಖᏑ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᪉㔪ࢆ♧࡟ࠊ฼ᐖࡢ୍⮴Ⅼࢆぢฟࡋࡓࡾࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ฼ᐖࡢ఩

ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡎࠊ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡᩍ఍ࡣẸ㛫ᴗ⪅࡟㯮ቨ┦ࢆࡎࡽࡍ࡜࠸࠺స⏝ࢆᣢࡘࠋ≉࡟ࠊၟᗑ⾤ࡸ୰ᚰ㖟⾜ࢆ኎༷ࡋ⛣㌿ࡋࡓࠋᕷഃ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㛗὾ᇛࢆ୰ᕷ⾤ᆅࡢάᛶ໬࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄢ㢟ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ≀㉁ⓗ㈨※ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡸࠊ༤≀㤋㒔ᕷᵓ᝿࡞࡝ࢆᨻ⟇ࡣ㐟ఇ໬ࡋࡓ୙ື⏘࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㐟ఇ୙ື⏘࡟╔┠࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖࡆ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᩥ໬㈨※ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓࡲࡕ࡙ࡃ

ࡋࠊ≀㉁≀ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚᪂ࡓ࡞౯್ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ฼ᐖ

ࡾࢆᑛ㔜ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸❧ሙ࡟࠸ࡓࠋṔྐⓗ౯⾪✺ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ࣮࡙ࣝࣝࡃࡾࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ್ࡢ࠶ࡿ㯮ቨ㖟⾜ࡣಖᏑࡍ࡭ࡁᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ᩍ⫱ጤဨࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊճ♫఍௻ᴗᐙ࡟ࡣࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮

఍࠿ࡽᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≀௳࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ㛗὾ᕷࡢ฼ᐖࡀ⾪✺ࡋ࡞࠸࢔࣮ࣜࢼ 12)ࡢᵓ⠏ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ

ࡣ 4 ༓୓෇ฟ㈨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆỴࡵࠊẸ㛫࠿ࡽࡢ༠ຊ⪅ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ
ࠕࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ᮲౛ࠖࡢไᐃࡣࠊ
ࠕࡲࡕ࡙࡜ࡋ࡚➲ཎࡽ࡟ἲேࡢタ❧ࢆ౫㢗ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

ࡃࡾࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ᇶ┙ࢆ⌮ᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖࡆࡿࡇ࡜

➲ཎࡣ㟷ᖺ఍㆟ᡤࡢ୰ᚰⓗே≀࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕ࡞ࡀࡣࡲ࡛ᨻ἞ⓗ࣭ἲⓗ࢔࣮ࣜࢼࢆᙧᡂࡋࠊಶࠎேࡢ฼ᐖ࡟

21 ᕷẸ఍㆟ࠖࢆタ❧ࡋ࡚ࠊ1980 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽ㛗὾ᕷࡢ㛵ಀ࡞ࡃ༠ຊࢆᙉไࡍࡿయไࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ♫఍⤒῭άᛶ໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ໭㝣⥺┤ὶ໬࣭㛗὾ࢻ࣮࣒ᘓ

௻ᴗᐙࡀㄝᚓ࣭ᙉไࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ࢔࣮ࣜࢼࡢタ࣭኱Ꮫㄏ⮴ࡢ㐠ືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓே≀࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᙼ

඾ᆺ౛࡛࠶ࡿ㸦e.g., ⛅⏣ࠊ2008㸧ࠋࡇࡢ࢔࣮ࣜࢼࡢ

ࡽࡣ 1987 ᖺ࡟ࠕ㛗὾ⱁ⾡∧ᴦᕷᴦᗙ㸦࢔࣮ࢺ࢖ࣥ

ࡶ࡜࡛ࠊಶูࡢ฼ᐖ࡟᢬ゐࡋ࡞࠸౯್ࢆ᪂つ஦ᴗ࡟ࢼ࢞ࣁ࣐㸧ࠖ࡜࠸࠺࢖࣋ࣥࢺࢆ㛤ദࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᩥ໬

ᣢࡓࡏࡘࡘࠊ௚᪉࡛᪂つ஦ᴗ࡟ᚲせ࡞㈨※ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍⓗ஦ᴗ࡬ࡢᕷẸ㛵ᚰࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊಶࠎࡢ฼ᐖ࡟ྜࢃࡏࡓㄝᚓࡸᙉไࢆ⾜࠺ࡲࡓࠊࠕග཭ࢡࣛࣈࠖ15)࡜࠸࠺ᆅᇦࡢᩥ໬ᩍ⫱ࢆ୰ᚰᙧ࡛ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㛵ಀⓗ࡞࣮ࣝࣝࢆྲྀࡾ⤖ࡪ࡜࠸࠺฼ᐖ

࡜ࡋࡓᆅᇦ᣺⯆ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㛗὾ᕷࡢࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋᨾ࡟ࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢᐇ⌧࡟⤒῭ⓗάᛶ໬࡜ᆅᇦ᣺⯆࡟ᙉ࠸ືᶵ௜ࡅࢆᣢࡘᙼࡽ

ᚲせ࡞⤒㊰ࡣࠊ౯್ほࡢඹ᭷ࡸ᝟⇕࡟ࡼࡿᢳ㇟ࣞ࣋

࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊࠕ㯮ቨಖᏑࠖ
ࡣᩥ໬ⓗ࡟㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣝࡢ⤫ྜࢆᚲࡎࡋࡶ㎺ࡿᚲせࡣ↓࠸࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡑ⤒῭ⓗ࡟ࡶྍ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᕷ

ࡇ࡛ḟ⠇ࡣࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ฼ᐖ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ⾜࠺ഃࡢせㄳ࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡟࿧ᛂࡍࡿࠋ

ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ఍♫ࢆࠊ≀㉁ⓗ࡞᮲௳ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓࠕ฼ᐖ

ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ㛗὾ಙ⏝㔠ᗜࢆྵࡴࠊ⁠㈡㖟⾜ࠊࡧࢃࡇࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋࠖࡢሙ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡓศᯒⓗグ㏙ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚㖟⾜ࠊ኱ᇉඹ❧㖟⾜ࡢ 4 㖟⾜ࡀ 250 ୓෇ࡎࡘฟ㈨ࡍ

࠸ࡃࠋࡿ࡜࠸࠺ヰࡀୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ฟ㈨⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ṧࡗࡓ㖟⾜ࡣࠊᆅඖၟᗑࢆ㢳ᐈ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㛗὾ಙ஦౛ 㸸ᰴᘧ఍♫㯮ቨ  㯮ቨಖᏑ࠿ࡽ㛗὾ᕷάᛶ໬࡬

⏝㔠ᗜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ㛗὾ಙ⏝㔠ᗜࡀᢸಖ࡜ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿᅵᆅ࣭ᘓ≀ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀ㛗὾ᕷෆࡢ≀௳࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㛗὾ᕷࡢάᛶ໬ࡣ㢳ᐈࡢ⤒ႠᏳᐃࠊ㈨⏘౯್ࡢᰴᘧ఍♫㯮ቨ㸦௨ᚋࠕ㯮ቨࠖ㸧ࡣࠊ⁠㈡┴㛗὾ᕷ࡟ୖ᪼࡟⧅ࡀࡿ࡜࠸࠺࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢᵝ࡟ࠊ࠶ࡿ࢞ࣛࢫ஦ᴗࢆ࣓࢖ࣥ࡜ࡋࡓࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ఍♫࡛࠶ᙜึࡣࠕ㛗὾ᕷࡢᩥ໬㈨※ࢆಖᏑࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺┠ᶆ

ࡿࠋ1988 ᖺࠊ➨ⓒ୕༑㖟⾜㛗὾ᨭᗑ㸦௨ୗࠊࠕ㯮ቨᥖᥭࡢࡶ࡜ࠊࡑࡇ࡟฼ᐖࢆぢฟࡋࡓ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡟ࡼࡗ

㖟⾜ࠖ㸧ࡢಖᏑ࡜ά⏝ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㛗὾ᕷᙺᡤ࡜Ẹ࡚➨୕ࢭࢡࢱ࣮㯮ቨࡀ๰タࡉࢀࡿࠋ㛫 8 ♫ࡀ 1 ൨ 3,000 ୓෇ฟ㈨ࡋ࡚タ❧ࡉࢀࡓ➨ 3 ࢭྠ᫬࡟ࠊ➨୕ࢭࢡࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓨ㊊ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ཰┈ࢡࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠᖺ 7 ᭶ࠊ㯮ቨ࢞ࣛࢫ㤋㛤㤋௨㝆ࠊࢆ࠶ࡆࡿ఍♫࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㡰ㄪ࡟᮶ゼ⪅ࢆቑࡸࡋ⥆ࡅࠊᖹᡂ 23 ᖺᗘࡢሗ࿌࡛๰タ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡣ඲࡚ಶேฟ㈨࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃἲே࡜ࡋ࡚ฟ

ࡣࠊᖺၟ 7 ൨ 9,700 ୓෇ࠊ᮶⾤⪅ 244 ୓ே࡟ୖࡿࠋ㈨ࡍࡿࠋಶே࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃἲே࡜ࡋ࡚ฟ㈨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ

ࡇࢀࡣࠊ୰㒊࣭㏆␥ᆅᇦࡢ㞟ᐈ᪋タ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ఍♫࡬ࡢㄝ᫂㈐௵ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊ㯮ቨ஦ᴗࡣࠕ㛗὾ᕷࡢᾏ㐟㤋㸦኱㜰ᕷ㸧ࡢ 230 ୓ேࡸᮾᒣື᳜≀ᅬ㸦ྡྂ

ᩥ໬㈨※ࡢಖᏑࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ฼

ᒇᕷ㸧ࡢ 218 ୓ே࡜ྠࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㞟ᐈᩘ࡛࠶ࡿ 14)ࠋ┈㏣ồࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿ 16)ࠋ9(1785(5(9,(:1R0DUFK

⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡟Ⴀ฼ࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᆅᇦά

ࡘࡅࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡼࡑ⪅ࡀ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟௓ධࡋ

ᛶ໬ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟⧅ࡀࡿ࡜࠸࠺㛗὾ᕷ඲యࡢබ

࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡜࡬ࡢ᢬ᢠឤࢆ♧ࡍࡔࡅࡔࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓᗑ⯒ඹᛶࡢᐇ⌧ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊఀ⸨

ࡢ኎ࡾୖࡆࢆ┠ᣦࡍၟᗑ୺ࡣࠊ኱ᆺࢩࣙࢵࣆࣥࢢࣔ

ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

࣮ࣝࡢ୰࡟ᗑ⯒ࢆᵓ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋே㏻ࡾࡢᑡ࡞࠸ၟᗑ
⾤ࡣ཰ධ※࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㨩ຊࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ே㏻ࡾࢆ㯮ቨࡢヰࡢ࡜ࡁࡶࠊ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔ࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࢇࡌࡷ

ቑࡸࡍࡇ࡜࡟ᑾຊࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡶᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗ

࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࠕᮏẼฟࡋ࡚㔠ฟࡋ࡚࡛ࡶࡸࡿ࠿ࠋ஦ᴗࡢ୍

ࡓࠋ᭦࡟ၟᗑ୺ࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊዲᬒẼࡢ㝿࡟㉎ධࡋࡓ㒔⎔࡜ࡲ࡛ࡣ࠸࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡅ࡝ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡸࡿ࠿ࡗ

ᕷ㒊ࡢ୙ື⏘཰┈ࡸእၟࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠾ࡾࠊ

࡚ゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡋࠊ᭱ึࡢ᫬ࡢฟ㈨㞟ࡵࡓ᫬ࡢヰ࡞ࢇ཰┈※࡜ࡋ࡚ၟᗑ⾤࡟ᮇᚅࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡓ

࡛ࡍࡅ࡝ࠊ1 ༓୓ฟࡍࡢࡣ࠸࠸ࡅ࡝ࠊ
࣭࣭࣭
ࠕಶேࡔ

ࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ➲ཎࡽࡢᣢࡘ㒓ᅵឡࡸ᝟⇕࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃㄝᚓ࡛

࡜⮬ศࡢ㐨ᴦ࡟࡞ࡿࡋ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ఍♫࠿ࡽฟࡋ࡚ࡃ

ࡣື࠿ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡞࢔ࢡࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࢀࠊ఍♫࠿ࡽฟࡋࡓࡽ఍♫ࡢᙺဨ࡟ヰࡉ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡅ

ࡑࡇ࡛ᙼࡽࡀὀ┠ࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊၟᗑ⾤ࡢ㐟ఇ୙ື⏘࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠖࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡽ఍♫࡛ฟࡑ࠺ࡸ࡞࠸࠿

฼⏝࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ᪤࡟ᆅᇦ㈨※࡜ࡋ࡚ព࿡ࢆ࡞ࡉ࡞࠸

ࡗ࡚ࠋ᭱ึࡣ඲㒊ἲேฟ㈨࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
㸦ఀ⸨㸧࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ୙ື⏘ࡣ㯮ቨࡀ௜ຍ౯್ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡛ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ㈨※࡜࡞ࡿࠋᮍ฼⏝㈨※ࢆ㈨※ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᙼࡽࡣ㯮ቨࢆ࡝࠺ά⏝ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽ㛗὾ᕷ࡬࡜ࡋ࡚ືဨࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ๰タ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ

ࡢேࡢὶࢀࡀ㉳ࡁࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ
ヨ⾜㘒ㄗࡢᮎࠊ

୍ே࡛࠶ࡿఀ⸨ࡀ୙ື⏘ᴗࢆႠࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜

ึ௦♫㛗ࡢ㛗㇂ᐃ㞝ࡢᥦ᱌࡛࢞ࣛࢫࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓほ࠿ࡽࠊ㈨※࡜ࡋ࡚ά⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ẽ௜࠸ࡓ࡜ගᆅᆺࢸ࣮࣐ࣃ࣮ࢡࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ỵࡲࡿ 17)ࠋࡇ

⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋఀ⸨ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿึ௦࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡣࠊ

ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊほගᆅ࡞࡝࡛ࡼࡃぢࡽࢀࡿ࢞ࣛࢫᕤᡣ

ಶู࡟㐟ఇ୙ື⏘࣮࢜ࢼ࣮࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ᗑ⯒ࡢ྿ࡁ࢞ࣛࢫయ㦂ࡀほගᐈ࡟୚࠼ࡿ࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺ࡜ࠊ

ࢆ㈙཰ࡶࡋࡃࡣ㈤㈚ዎ⣙ࢆ⤖ࡧࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟㯮ቨࢫࢡ෌ゼ⋡ࡢ㧗ࡉ࡬ࡢᮇᚅࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋほග࢚࢔࡜ࡋ࡚࢚ࣜ࢔ᒎ㛤ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ୙ື⏘ࢆᢚ࠼࡚ᆺࢸ࣮࣐ࣃ࣮ࢡ஦ᴗࡢసࡾࡇࡳࡀỴࡲࡿࡇ࡜࡛୰ᚰ

࠸ࡃࠋࡲࡓࠊᖺ㔠ࡸ㑹እࡢ୙ື⏘཰ධ࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ィࢆᕷ⾤ᆅࡢά⏝᪉ἲࡀ࠾ࡢࡎ࡜ᐃࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
౛࠼ࡤࠊ❧࡚࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡟ࡣࠊ㛗὾ᕷࢆ኱ᰴ୺࡜ࡍࡿබඹⓗ㯮ቨࡢ㏆ࡃ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ⚄♫ࡢᩜᆅࢆά⏝ࡋࠊほගࣂࢫ⤌⧊ࡀ㛫࡟ධࡗ࡚ᗑᏊࢆ᥈ࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆᙉㄪࡋࠊ

ࡀṆࡲࢀࡿ㥔㌴ሙࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ໭

✵ࡁᗑ⯒ࡀ཰┈≀௳࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ౯್ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ㝣᪉㠃࡬ྥ࠿࠺ほගࣂࢫࡢ❧ࡕᐤࡾᆅⅬ࡜࠸࠺఩⨨ᆅᇦࢆάᛶ໬ࡋࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺➲ཎࡽࡢ᝿࠸࡟฼ᐖࢆぢ࡙ࡅࢆ㛗὾࡟୚࠼ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㯮ቨタ❧࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡣ┤ฟࡉ࡞࠿ࡗࡓၟᗑ⾤ࡶࠊ✵ࡁᗑ⯒࡟㈨⏘౯್ࡀ࠶ࡿ

ὶ໬㐠ື࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡟ಀࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ⍇⍈†ࡇ࡜࡟Ẽ௜࠿ࡉࢀࠊ౑⏝ᶒࢆ㯮ቨ࡟ጤㆡࡍࡿࠋ

⥺ࡢ⤊╔㥐ࡀ㛗὾㥐࡟࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆண ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࠊၟᗑ⾤࡟እ࠿ࡽⱝࡃࡸࡿẼࡢ࠶ࡿ௻ᴗ

┤ὶ໬ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࢀࡤࠊ኱㜰࣭⚄ᡞ࣭ி㒔᪉㠃࠿ࡽᐙࡓࡕࡀὶධࡋࠊ㧗㱋໬ࡢ㐍ࡴၟᗑ⾤ᗑ୺ࡣ࣮࢜ࢼ

ࡢ᪥ᖐࡾᐈࢆ࿧ࡧ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ

࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ᩥᏐ㏻ࡾ⾲⯙ྎ࠿ࡽ㌟ࢆᘬࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

⫼ᬒ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ㯮ቨࡣ༢࡞ࡿᗑ⯒⤒Ⴀ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࢞

ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࢆၟ

ࣛࢫ࡜࠸࠺ᩥ໬஦ᴗࢆ㏻ࡌࡓయ㦂ほගᆺࢸ࣮࣐ࣃ࣮

ᗑ⾤ࡑࡢࡶࡢ࠿ࡽษࡾ㞳ࡋࠊ㯮ቨࢫࢡ࢚࢔࡛௻ᴗࡋ

ࢡ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠊ࢚ࣜ࢔ᒎ㛤ࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀࡿࠋࡓ࠸ᗑ୺ࢆ࿧ࡧ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋ࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊ෌฼⏝ࡉࢀࡿ୙ື⏘ࡣࠊᚲࡎࠕ㯮ቨၟᗑ⾤ࡢ᪂㝞௦ㅰ‫⹰ۑ‬㤋ࠖ࡜ࡋࠕ㯮ቨࠖࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻ࡜࠸࠺௜ຍ౯್ࢆ

ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊほගᆺࢸ࣮࣐ࣃ࣮ࢡ࡜࠸࠺஦ᴗࡢసࡾࡇ

୚࠼ࠊࡑࡢ୰ᚰ࡟ࠕ㯮ቨࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ༠㆟఍ࠖࢆᤣ࠼ࡿ

ࡳ࡟࠾࠸࡚ၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡀࠊࢩࣕࢵࢱ࣮㏻ࡾ࡜࡞

ࡇ࡜࡛኱ᡭ㛛ၟᗑ⾤ࡢᵓᡂ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡀ⤌⧊ⓗ࡟ኚ㠉ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ኱ᡭ㛛ၟᗑ⾤ࡢᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㯮ቨࡣၟᗑࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ2008 ᖺ 12 ᭶᫬Ⅼ࡛ࠊ㯮ቨࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ

⾤ࡢධࡾཱྀ࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࢚ࣜ࢔ᒎ㛤࡟ࡣၟᗑ⾤ࡣ 30 ᗑ⯒࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ┤Ⴀᗑࡣ 11 ᗑ⯒࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢆᕳࡁ㎸ࡲ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊၟᗑ⾤ࡣᙼ

ࡇࡢᵝ࡟ࠊᚑ᮶ࡢᗑ୺࡜ᗑ⯒ࢆษࡾ㞳ࡋࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸࢔

ࡽࡢᥖࡆࡿࠕ㯮ቨ෌ᘓࠖ࡟ࡣ㠀༠ຊⓗ࡞ጼໃࢆぢࡏࢡࢱ࣮࡜ᗑ⯒ࢆ⤖ࡧ┤ࡍ࡜࠸࠺฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋ࡟ࡼࡿ 18)ࠋᙼࡽ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ㯮ቨ෌ᘓࡣ࡞ࢇࡢ฼ᚓ࡟ࡶ࡞

ࡗ࡚ၟᗑ⾤ࡢᵓ㐀ኚ㠉ࡀᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡽࡎࠊၟᗑ⾤άᛶ໬ࡸ㛗὾⤒῭ࡢ෌⯆࡬ࡢ᝿࠸ࢆࡪ



9(1785(5(9,(:1R0DUFK

ᰴᘧ఍♫᪂㛗὾ィ⏬࡟ࡼࡿ࢚ࣜ࢔ᣑ኱

ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊ㯮ቨࢫࢡ࢚࢔ࡣᕷ⾤ᆅάᛶ໬ࡢࣔࢹ

㯮ቨࡣ㛗὾ᕷࡢබඹᛶࢆ๓㠃࡟ฟࡍࡇ࡜࡛ṇᙜᛶࣝࢣ࣮ࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚඲ᅜⓗ࡟఩⨨௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋタ❧࠿ࡽࢆ⋓ᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ➨୕ࢭࢡࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ୙

4 ᖺᚋࠊቑ㈨ࡢᚲせᛶࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ㝿࡟ࡣࠊ⁠㈡㖟⾜ࡸື⏘௰௓ᴗࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓࣅࢪࢿࢫ࡟ࡣᕤኵࡀồࡵࡽ኱ᇉඹ❧㖟⾜ࡶฟ㈨ࢆ⏦ࡋฟࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ඲ᅜⓗࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡀዴᐇ࡟⌧ࢀࡓࡢࡀࠊၟᗑ⾤ࡢゅ࡟࠶ࡗ࡟ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ㔠Ꮠሪ࡜ࡋ࡚㯮ቨࢫࢡ࢚࢔ࡢᏑᅾࡀ

ࡓ✵ࡁࣅࣝ㸦ඖࣃࣈ㸧㉎ධ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ

᭷ྡ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ኱ⶶ┬ࡢᙺேࡸ᪥ᮏ㖟⾜ࡢᨭᗑ≀௳ࡣၟᗑ⾤ࡢ➃࡟఩⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᘓ≀࡛࠶ࡾࠊ✵ࡁ㛗ࡀᆅᇦࡢどᐹࢆවࡡ࡚ぢᏛ࡟᮶ࡿሙᡤ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸

ࣅࣝࡢࡲࡲ࡟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣࠊၟᗑ⾤άᛶ໬࠿ࡽ⪃ࡓࡓࡵࠊ㖟⾜ഃ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣฟ㈨ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ♧ࡋࡀࡘ࠿࠼ࡿ࡜ዲࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸≧ែ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࣅࣝࡣ

࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊ㯮ቨࡀࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ఍♫࡜ࡋ◚⏘≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡣ

࡚㇟ᚩ໬ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
᪂ࡓ࡟ࠊ඲ᅜࡢ⾜ᨻ㛵ಀ⪅ࠊ௵ព኎༷ࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࠋ㯮ቨࡣࠊ➨୕ࢭࢡࢱ࣮࡛࠶

ၟᗑ⾤ࠊ◊✲⪅ࠊᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࠊຍ࠼࡚ࠊ㛗὾࡟࠶ࡿྛ

ࡾබඹᛶࢆᢸ࠺఍♫࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊᙜ↛ࠊ➇኎࡟࠿✀ᕷẸᅋయ࡜࠸࠺㈨※࡜ࡢ⤖ྜࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗ

ࡅࡿ๓ࡢ௵ព኎༷࡛㉎ධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ከࡃࡢᰴ

ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

୺ࡀ཯ᑐࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ 1994 ᖺࠊఀ⸨ࡀ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡾ
ᆅᇦάᛶ໬࡟ࡣ⯆࿡ࡀⷧ࠸࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࢆ᪂ࡓ࡞ฟ㈨⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᰴᘧ఍♫᪂㛗὾ィ⏬㸦௨ୗࠊ㛗὾ィ⏬㸧ࠖࢆタ❧ࡍࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊࣅࣝࢆᏛ⩦ሿ࡜ࡋ࡚ά⏝ࡍ஦౛ 㸸ᰴᘧ఍♫໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋  ࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿၟᗑ⾤άᛶ໬ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ฟ㈨ࡉࢀࡓ఍♫࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ໭஑ᕞᑠ಴࢚ࣜ࢔ࡣࠊ᫂἞௨㝆ࠊ⾜ᨻ༊ᇦ࡜ࡋ࡚

Ꮫ⩦ሿࣅࢪࢿࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࣅࣝ෌ᘓ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊၟ

ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࠊ⏫ேࡀ㞟✚ࡋၟᴗᆅᇦ࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚ࡁᗑ⾤ࡢὶື໬ࡶఅ⥺࡛┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ᪥ᖐࡾほගࡓᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊࣂࣈࣝᔂቯ௨㝆ࠊ୙ἣ࡜ᚋ⥅⪅ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊၟᗑ⾤ࡣኪ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ே㏻ࡾ

୙㊊࡟ࡼࡾᚑ᮶ࡢၟᗑࡣ㛢ᗑࢆవ൤࡞ࡃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊၟᗑ⾤ࡢ୍ゅ࡟Ꮫ⩦ሿࢆ≉࡟ࠊி⏫㖟ኳ⾤ࡸ㨶⏫㖟ኳ⾤ࡢ༡ഃࡣே㏻ࡾࡢῶ

సࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡸ㏦㏄ࡢಖㆤ⪅ࡀኪ㐜ࡃࡲ࡛㈰ᑡഴྥࡀⴭࡋ࠸≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊ඲ᅜࡢၟᗑ⾤ࢃ࠸ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࠋࡇࡢᵝ࡟ࠊᏛ⩦ሿࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ㞟஦᝟࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊᚋ⥅⪅ࡀ࠸࡞࠸ၟᗑ୺ࡓࡕࡣᘬ㏥ࡋ

ᐈ࡜࠸࠺᪂ࡓ࡞┠ᶆᥖᥭࢆᥖࡆࡓ㛗὾ィ⏬ࡣࠊၟᗑࡓᚋࡣ୙ື⏘ᴗ࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ィࢆ❧࡚࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㨶⏫㖟ኳ⾤ࡢὶື໬ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿୖ࡛㐟ఇ୙ື⏘ࢆ௓ࡍࡿࡇ࡜

⾤ࡶ౛እ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ1 ᪥ࡢ㏻⾜㔞ࡀ 2 ୓ே௨ୗ࡛ࠊᆅᇦάᛶ໬࡟⯆࿡ࡀⷧ࠸࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡢ฼ᐖࢆ⤖ࡧࡢሙྜࠊ኱ᡭࢳ࢙࣮ࣥᗑࡣฟᗑࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊᗑᏊࢆ

┤ࡋࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢᵓ⠏࡟ᡂຌࡍࡿࠋ௨㝆ࠊぢࡘࡅࡿࡢࡶᅔ㞴࡞≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᵝ࡟ࠊᑠ಴㒔㛗὾ィ⏬ࡀ㯮ቨࡢ୙ື⏘㒊㛛ࢆᢸ࠺ࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

ᚰᆅ༊ࡢၟᗑ⾤ࡣ㏻⾜㔞ࡢῶᑡ࡜࠸࠺እⓗせᅉ࡜ၟᗑ⾤ᗑ୺ࡢᑠ኎ᴗ࠿ࡽ᧔㏥࡜࠸࠺ෆⓗせᅉࡀၟᗑ⾤ࡇࡢࣃࣈࡢ෌⏕ࢆࡉࡏࡿ࡟ࡣ㯮ቨ࡛ࡣ࡛ࡁࢇ࡞࡜

ࡢ⾶㏥ࢆᆅᇦㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡓࡔࠊᑠ಴ᆅ

ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡔ࠿ࡽูࡢ఍♫ࢆసࡗ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺

༊ࡢၟᗑ⾤ࡢሙྜࠊࢩࣕࢵࢱ࣮໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≀௳ࢆࡑࡸ࡞࠸࠿ࡗ࡚࡞ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ
࣭࣭࣭ྂ࠸ᘓ≀ࢆ࡞ࡪࡗࡢࡲࡲᨺ⨨ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࢃࡅ࡟ࡣ࠸࠿࡞࠸஦᝟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

࡚࠸ࡃࢇࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᘓ≀ࢆࡸࡿࡗ࡚ࡇ࡜࡛ฟ

㨶⏫ၟᗑ⾤ࢆ௦⾲࡜ࡍࡿᑠ಴ࡢၟᗑ⾤ࡣࠊၟᗑࢆᒃ

㈨⪅ࢆເࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢇ࡞୰ࠊ൅ࡽࡢ௰㛫࡛㸦ࡲఫ✵㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ኱༙ࡢ✵ࡁᗑ⯒ࡣࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡬ࡢ᝿࠸ࡀ㸧ⷧ࠸࡯࠺ࡢያࡽࡀ࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍ

㥐࠿ࡽ㏆࠸࡜࠸࠺❧ᆅ࠿ࡽࡶከ㢠ࡢᅛᐃ㈨⏘⛯ࢆᡶࡀࠊᏛ⩦ሿࢆࡸࢁ࠺ࡸ࡞࠸࠿ࡗ࡚࡞ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ
࣭࣭࣭ࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺஦᝟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᡃࠎࡣேࢆ㞟ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
࣭࣭࣭㸦᪂㛗࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡓࡕ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㐟ఇ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≀௳ࡢ෌฼⏝὾ィ⏬ࡣ㸧㯮ቨ࡛ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟సࡗ

ࡣᖖ࡟ㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊఱࡽ࠿ࡢ

ࡓ఍♫࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ㯮ቨ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶᗃ㟋ࣅࣝࡀᘓࡗ࡚ࡶ

ᙧ࡛ᗑ⯒཰ධࡀ࠶ࡿ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡣࠊពᅗⓗ࡟㐟ఇ໬ࡉࡽࡗ࡚ࡣࡓࡲࡽࢇ࠿ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ
㸦ఀ⸨㸧ࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠾ࡾࠊၟᗑ⾤άᛶ໬࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㠀༠ຊⓗ࡞ែᗘࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ 20)ࠋࡇࡢᵝ࡟ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢෆ

ࡇࡢ㐟ఇ୙ື⏘࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡢಶู฼ᐖ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ✵ࡁᗑ⯒ࡢά⏝࡟ࡼࡿࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࡢ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋࡣࠊၟᗑ⾤άᛶ໬ࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚㧗࠸ホ౯ࢆᚓⓗせᅉࢆᢪ࠼ࡓ㨶⏫ၟᗑ⾤ࡢάᛶ໬࡜࠸࠺ㄢ㢟࡟ࣇ࢛࣮࢝ࢫࡀᙜ࡚ࡽࢀࡓࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ໭஑ᕞᕷࡣ⾜ᨻ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ

9(1785(5(9,(:1R0DUFK

ᑠ಴୰ᚰᕷ⾤ᆅၟᗑ⾤ࡢ✵ࡁᗑ⯒ࡢቑຍࠊࢸࢼࣥࢺ

࡟ࡼࡿᆅᇦ෌⏕࡜࠸࠺ࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞౯್ࠖࡀᥦ♧ࡋࡓࡢ

ࡢ᧔㏥➼࡟ࡼࡿ✵ᗋࡢቑຍࠊᑵᴗேཱྀࡢῶᑡࠊᘓ≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡢ⪁ᮙ໬ࢆၥ㢟どࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ2009 ᖺࠊ໭஑ᕞᕷࡣ

࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ2012

ࠕ3331 ࢔࣮ࢶ༓௦⏣ࠖ21)࡛ᐇ⦼ࢆᣢࡘΎỈ⩏ḟࢆᣍ

ᖺ 4 ᭶࡟ࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ㄌ⏕ࡋࡓ࢖ࣥ࢟ࣗ

⪸ࡍࡿࠋΎỈࡀᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ஦ᴗࡢసࡾࡇࡳࡣࠊ㐟ఇ୙࣮࣋ࢺ᪋タࠕ࣏࣏࣮ࣛࢺ୕␒⾤ࠖࡣࠊ໭஑ᕞ࡛ࡶࡢ

ື⏘ࢆ౑࠺࡜࠸࠺ࠕ⌧௦∧ᐙᏲࠖ22)࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ

࡙ࡃࡾࢆࡋࡓ࠸௻ᴗᐙ࡟㛤ᨺࡉࢀࠊ⣙ 70 ௳ࡢᗑ⯒࢔࢖ࢹ࢔ࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊᑠ಴㒔ᚰᆅ༊ࢆࢹࢨ࢖ࢼ࣮

ࡀ㛤ᴗࡋࡓࠋ᪂つ஦ᴗࡢ❧ࡕୖࡆࢆಁࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᨵ

ࡸࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺ➼ࡀ㞟࠺㒔ᕷᆺࣅࢪࢿࢫࡢ㞟✚ᆅಟࢆᚲせ᭱ప㝈࡟࡜࡝ࡵࠊ୙ື⏘ᡤ᭷⪅ࡢึᮇᢞ㈨࡜ࡋࠊࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㒔ᚰ㒊࡟࠾ࡅࢆᢚ࠼ࠊ1 ࣇࣟ࢔ࢆ 2㹼20 ᆤࡢᑠ༊⏬࡟༊ษࡿࡇ࡜

ࡿ✵ࡁࣅࣝ➼ࡢ᭷ຠά⏝࡟ࡼࡿ⾤࡞࠿ࡢ㈰ࢃ࠸๰ฟ

࡛ࠊ࿘㎶┦ሙࡼࡾᏳ౯࡞ᐙ㈤タᐃ࡟ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ

࡜㞠⏝ࡢ๰ฟ࡜࠸࠺┠ᶆࡀᥖᥭࡉࢀࡿࠋ2010 ᖺࠊᑠ࣮࢞ࣞࢪࢭ࣮ࣝ➼࡛ᗑࢆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓⱝ⪅ࡸ୺፬࡟ࠊ

಴ᐙᏲᵓ᝿⟇ᐃࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺጤဨ఍ࡀ㛤ദࡉࢀࠊᆅ

ᔱ⏣⚽⠊ࡀࠕࡶࡢ࡙ࡃࡾࡢሙࠖ࡜ࠕ≀ࢆ኎ࡿሙࠖ࡜

ඖၟᗑ⾤ࡢࣅ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢼ࣮ࡸࣇࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀ㍍ࡃᏛ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡢ㨩ຊࢆㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚ᅇࡾࣅࢪࢿࢫ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࢆ⋓ᚓࢆືဨ࡛ࡁࡿ෸ᩍᤵࢡࣛࢫࡢᏛ㆑⤒㦂⪅ࡀጤဨ࡜ࡋ

ࡋࠊ190 ྡ௨ୖࡢ㞠⏝ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋ

࡚㑅ࡤࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢጤဨ఍ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ2011 ᖺ 2 ᭶ࠊࣜࣀࡇࡢ໭஑ᕞᕷࡢືࡁ࡟ࡣࠊHEAD ◊✲఍ࡢཬࡰࡋ

࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿ㐟ఇ୙ື⏘ά⏝࡜㉁ࡢ㧗࠸㞠⏝๰ࡓᙳ㡪ࡶ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊΎỈࡽᘓ⠏ᐙࡀ୰ᚰ

ฟࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⏘ᴗ᣺⯆࡜ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ࡢ෌⏕ࢆ୍ᣲ࡟࡜࡞ࡾ㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲఍ࡔࡀࠊࡑࡢ୺ദ࡛໭஑

ᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࢸ࣮࣐࡜ࡍࡿᑠ಴ᐙᏲᵓ᝿ࡀ⟇ᐃᕞᕷࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢫࢡ࣮ࣝࡀ㛤ㅮࡉࢀࡿࠋᆅᇦ෌

ࡉࢀࡿࠋ⏕࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢලయ᱌ࢆ᳨ウࡍ࡭ࡃࠊ㐟ఇ୙ື⏘ࡢ᭷ຠ฼⏝⟇ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࢫࢡ࣮࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋ

ࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿ㐟ఇ୙ື⏘ࡢά⏝ࡇࡢࢫࢡ࣮ࣝ࡜ᑠ಴ᐙᏲᵓ᝿ࡀ㐃ືࡋ࡚సືࡍࡿࡇ ஦ᴗࡀලయ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡜ྠ᫬୪⾜࡛ࠊᑠ಴ᐙᏲ

࡜࡛ࠊ㨶⏫ၟᗑ⾤ࡢάᛶ໬ࡀ᥎㐍ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ

ᵓ᝿⟇ᐃጤဨࡢ୍ே࡛࠶ࡿᲓ㍤ඖࡣ㨶⏫ၟᗑ⾤ࡢᆅᆅᇦ෌⏕ࡢᚲせᛶࢆᥖࡆࠊࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢫࢡ࣮ࣝ

ᇦࡢ฼ᐖ௦⾲⪅࡜ࡋ࡚⮬ࡽࡢ୙ື⏘≀௳ࡢ᭷ຠά⏝࡜࠸࠺࢔࣮ࣜࢼࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ୙ື⏘࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࢆᶍ⣴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ∗ぶࡢ௦࠿ࡽࡢ௜ࡁྜ࠸

࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࠊ➨ 1 ᅇࡢࣜࣀ࣋

ࡀ࠶ࡿᔱ⏣⚽⠊࣭ὒᖹぶᏊ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊ⮬♫ࣅࣝࡢࣜࣀ

࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢫࢡ࣮ࣝࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ୙༑ศ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࠋᔱ⏣ὒᖹࡣࠊ㮵ඣᓥᕷࡢࠕ࣐

ࡲࡓࠊၟᗑ⾤ࡢ඲࡚ࡢ୙ື⏘࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡀᨵ⿦㈨㔠ࢆ࣮ࣝࣖ࢞ࢹࣥࠖ
ࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ಀࡗࡓᐇ⦼ࢆᣢࡕࠊ

ฟࡍࣜࢫࢡࢆ㈇ࡗ࡚ࡲ࡛ࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆࡋࡼ࠺࡜

ᆅᇦ෌⏕࡜ࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢ⧅ࡀࡾࢆᙉࡃព㆑ࡋ࡚

ࡣ⪃࠼࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ᪤ᚓᶒ┈⪅ࡢ฼ᐖ࡬ࡢಶูᑐᛂࡀ

࠸ࡿே≀࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᙼࡽࡣᡭጞࡵ࡟ࠊ㨶⏫㖟ኳ⾤ࡢᚲせ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛Ⓨ㊊ࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊᰴᘧ

⿬㏻ࡾ࡟࠶ࡿࠊ2 㝵ᘓ࡚ࡢᘓ≀ࡢࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆ

఍♫໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋㸦௨ᚋࠕ໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋ࠖ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡀࠊᚋ࡟ᑠ಴ᐙᏲᵓ᝿ࡢ࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ

ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚఩⨨࡙ࡅࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡿࠕ࣓

ࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢫࢡ࣮ࣝ࡜໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋࡟ࡼ࣮ࣝ࢝ࢺ୕␒⾤࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊ

ࡿ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋಟ⧋ࡔࡅࡀ┠ⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊⱝ࠸௻ᴗᐙ࡟ゎᨺࡍࡿࡇ໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋ࡣࠊ㐟ఇ୙ື⏘ࡢ෌⏕⟇᳨ウ࠿ࡽᢞ࡜࡛ࠊ࢖࣮ࣥ࢟ࣗ࣋ࢩࣙࣥ᪋タ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ୚࠼㈨ཬࡧࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࢆ᳨ウࡋࠊ᫬࡟ࣜࢫࢡ࣊ࢵࢪ

ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ༢࡞ࡿࢸࢼࣥࢺ࡟ᗑᏊࢆ

ࢆཷࡅᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡶ⾜࠺఍♫࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ఍♫ࢆ୰ᚰ᥈ࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ
ၟᗑ⾤࡟㞠⏝ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࠊ࡜ࡋ࡚ᨵࡵ࡚ࠊ୙ື⏘࣮࢜ࢼ࣮࡜ࣅࢪࢿࢫ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮㈙࠸≀ᐈ௨እ࡟ࡼࡿேࡢὶࢀࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡢ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋ໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋ࡢ࣓ࣥࡋࡓࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࣂ࣮ࡣࠊࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆᚓព࡜ࡍࡿᘓ⠏ᐙࠊࣜࣀࡇࡢᵝ࡟ࠊᑠ಴ᐙᏲᵓ᝿ࡣࠊ㨶⏫ၟᗑ⾤ࡢ࢚ࣜ࢔࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ◊✲ࡍࡿ◊άᛶ໬ࢆㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖࡆࠊࡑࢀࢆᐇ⌧ࡍ࡭ࡃࠊ㐟ఇ✲⪅ࠊᆅᇦ࡟࠸ࡿ௻ᴗᐙ࡜ࡢ⧅ࡀࡾࡀ῝࠿࠸࢖ࣥ࢟

୙ື⏘ࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟┤᥋㨦ࢆ྿ࡁᥣࡴᘓ⠏ᐙࡓࡕࡢࣟ

࣮ࣗ࣋ࢩ࣐ࣙࣥࢿ࣮ࢪ࣮ࣕࠊၟᗑ⾤⤌ྜࡢࢺࢵࣉ࡛

ࢪࢵࢡࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢᙧ࡜ࡋ

࠶ࡾࠊྖἲ᭩ኈ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶᆅᇦ࡜⧅ࡀࡾࢆᣢࡘ୙ື⏘࡚⏕ࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ

࣮࢜ࢼ࣮࡜࠸࠺ࠊ␗࡞ࡿࠕ▱ࠖ࡜ே⬦ࡢ㞟⤖࡛࠶ࡗ

9(1785(5(9,(:1R0DUFK

ࡓࠋᚨ⏣ගᘯ㸦஑ᕞᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵ㸧࡜∦ᒸᐶஅ㸦໭ࡑࡢ୍ࡘࡢᘓ≀ࡸ୙ື⏘ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࡑࡇࡢ࿘㎶ࡢ஑ᕞᕷ❧኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵ㸧ࡣ◊✲⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ

᪉ࠎࡗ࡚ࡺ࠺ࡢࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࠶ࡿࠊ࠶࡜ࡣ⾜ᨻ⫋ဨࡗ࡚ࣙࣥ࡜ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱ぢࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ኱Ꮫ

࠸࠺❧ሙࡢே࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺㢼࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ୰࡛฼

࡜࠸࠺㈨※ࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ᣢࡘே≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㐲▮ᘯẎࡣ࢖ᐖ㛵ಀࢆ࡝࠺࠸࠺㢼࡟୍⮴ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸࠺

࣮ࣥ࢟ࣗ࣋ࢩ࣐ࣙࣥࢿ࣮ࢪ࣮ࣕ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᆅᇦࡢ௻ᴗ

ࡢࡀ኱஦ࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡣ☜࠿࡟ࡑ࠺ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡡࠋ

ᐙࡓࡕࡢ㞠⏝ಁ㐍ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㉳ᴗࡋࡓ࠸ேࠎ

ㄡࡶᦆࢆࡋ࡞࠸ᵝ࡟ࡕࡷࢇ࡜సࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡇ

࡟ᙉ࠸ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᔱ⏣ὒᖹࡣඛ࡟

࡜ࡀ൅ࡽࡢ௙஦࡛ࡍࡡࠋ
㸦ᚨ⏣㸧

㏙࡭ࡓ㏻ࡾࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᆅᇦ෌⏕⤒㦂ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⮬ศࡢᨾ㒓࡛ࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿࡲ

໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋ࡣࠊࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿ㐟ఇ୙ືࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢᡂຌ஦౛⵳✚ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᲓࡣ௦ࠎ

⏘ࡢ෌ά⏝࡜࠸࠺ᶵ఍ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡍࡿࡇ

㨶⏫ၟᗑ⾤࡛ၟ኎ࢆႠࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊ35 ṓ࡛ 4 ௦┠࡜ࡋ࡜࡛ࠊᆅᇦ࡟࠶ࡿಶูࡢ฼ᐖࢆ⤖ࡧ௜ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼ

࡚୰ᒇ⯆⏘ࢆᘬࡁ⥅࠸ࡔᚋࠊ୙ື⏘ᴗ࡜ࠊ
ྖἲ᭩ኈࠊࡽࡀ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ㨶⏫ࡢ୙ື⏘࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡢព

⾜ᨻ᭩ኈ࡞࡝ኈᴗࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠕࡲࡕࡢ┦ㄯᙺࠖⓗ㆑ᨵ㠉ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡬ࡢ᝟

࡞ே≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㨶⏫ 2 ୎┠ࠊ3 ୎┠ࡢ⏫

⇕࡟ඹឤࡉࡏࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព㆑ᨵ㠉࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ౯್ࡀ࡞

ෆ఍ࡸ㟷ᖺ఍࡟㢦ࡀ฼ࡃࠋࡑࡢே⬦ࡸ୰ᒇ⯆⏘ࡢᣢ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ୙ື⏘࡟ࠊ౯್ࢆ୚࠼ࣅࢪࢿࢫ࡜ࡋ

ࡘ᝟ሗࡀࠊ㨶⏫࡛ኚ໬ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ୙ື⏘࣮࢜ࢼ࣮࡚ᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠕࡇࢇ࡞࡟཰┈ࡀ࠶ࡀࡿࢇࡔࠖ

࡜⤖ࡧࡘࡁࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡋࡓࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊᲓࡣ໭஑ᕞࣜࣀ

࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟Ẽ௜࠸࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࠊ㨶⏫࢚ࣜ࢔࡟ࣜࣀ࣋

࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ᥎㐍༠㆟఍఍㛗ࠊᰴᘧ఍♫ࢱ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿ෌⏕ࢆἼཬࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࣐࢘ࣥࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ㨶ᆅ௦⾲ྲྀ⥾ᙺ࡜࠸࠺⫪᭩ࡶᣢࡘࠋ

୙ື⏘࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡀ≀௳ࢆ㐟ఇ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡟ࡣఱࡽ࠿

ࡲࡉࡋࡃࠊ㨶⏫ၟᗑ⾤෌⏕࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛ✀ᅋయࡢ㘽࡜ࡢ⌮⏤ࡸ஦᝟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡽࡣࠊࡑࡢၥ㢟ゎỴࢆ୙ືࡋ࡚ࠊᆅᇦఫẸࢆ⤖ࡧ௜ࡅࡿᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

⏘࣮࢜ࢼ࣮࡜ඹ࡟⪃࠼ࠊᨭ᥼ࡋࠊࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢫ

ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᔱ⏣ࢡ࣮ࣝࡢ≀௳࡜ࡋ࡚ࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ

⚽⠊ࡣࠊඖᗈ࿌௦⌮ᗑ໅ົࡢ⤒㦂ࢆά࠿ࡋ࡚㨶⏫ၟࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᙼࡽࡣࠊ㠀༠ຊⓗ࡞࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡸၟᗑ⾤ᗑ⾤࡜ࠕேࠖࢆ⤖ࡧ௜ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᑾຊࡍࡿே≀࡛࠶ᗑ୺ࡓࡕࡢྜពᙧᡂࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢせ௳ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢᵝ࡟ࠊ໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋ࡣከᵝ࡞฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧࡔ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋືࡃ≀௳ࢆ᥈ࡋฟࡋࠊࡑࡢ≀┤ࡋࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࢫࢱࢵࣇ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓࡲࡕ

௳ࢆᡤ᭷ࡍࡿ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮࡟ാࡁ࠿ࡅࠊ✵㛫㈨※ࢆ༢࡞࡙ࡃࡾ఍♫࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡿࢸࢼࣥࢺά⏝࡜ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࢚ࣜ࢔ࢆὶື໬

ࡇࡢࠊ໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋ࡀࣁࣈ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ㨶⏫࢚ࣜ࢔࡜ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿ≀௳࡜ࡋ࡚ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿࣅࢪ

࠸࠺ࢫ࣮࢚ࣔࣝࣜ࢔ࡢᵓ㐀ኚ㠉ࡀ᥎㐍ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࢆᥦ᱌ࡍࡿ௻ᴗᐙࡓࡕ࡜⤖ྜࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜

ࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢫࢡ࣮ࣝࢆᐃᮇⓗ࡟㛤ㅮࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟

࡛ࠊಶู฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ᭦࡟ࠊࡑࡇ࡛⏕ࡲࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ඲ᅜࡢᘓ⠏ᐙࡸࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟㛵ᚰࡢ࠶ࡿ࢔

ࢀࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣅࢪࢿࢫࡸ௻ᴗᐙࡓࡕࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡜ࠊ

ࢡࢱ࣮ࡢ฼ᐖ࡜ࠊ㨶⏫࢚ࣜ࢔ࡢ㐟ఇ୙ື⏘࡟⣣࡙ࡃ㨶⏫࢚ࣜ࢔ࡢၟᗑ⾤࡜ࡢ฼ᐖࢆ⤖ࡧ┤ࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ

฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡣࠊᘓ⠏ᴗ⏺

࡚ࠊᆅᇦࡢᵓ㐀ኚ㠉ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᑠ಴ᐙᏲᵓ᝿ࢆ≌ᘬࡋࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡟ࡼࡿᩍ⫱ࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿࢫࢡ࣮ࣝཷㅮ⏕ࠊᅛ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ᐃ㈨⏘⛯ᑐ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ᗑᏊࢆධࢀࡓ࠸୙ື⏘࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࠊ

2014 ᖺ 11 ᭶᫬Ⅼ࡛ࠊᑠ಴ᐙᏲᵓ᝿ࡢᡂᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ

㨶⏫ၟᗑ⾤࡜࠸࠺ᑠ಴࡛ࡣࣈࣛࣥࢻ౯್ࡢ㧗࠸ᆅᇦၟᗑ⾤ࡢ㏻⾜㔞ࡣ 1 ᪥ᙜࡓࡾ 1,400 ே௨ୖቑຍࡋࠊ

࡛㛤ᴗࡋࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺௻ᴗᐙࡽࡢ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋࡀ⾜300 ே௨ୖࡢ㞠⏝ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㨶⏫㖟ࢃࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋ࡢᙺ๭࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᚨ⏣ኳ⾤ࡔࡅ࡛ࡶᖺ㛫 100 ௨ୖࡢ࢖࣋ࣥࢺࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊࣜࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢫࢡ࣮ࣝࡢ᳨ウ᱌௳ࡢ࠺ࡕ 8 ᱌௳ࡢ஦ᴗ໬࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ᇶᮏⓗ࡟⏫࡟ཧ⏬ࡍࡿேࠊ⏫ࢆኚ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ᫬
࡟ཧ⏬ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋ࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡼ
࠺࡞➨୕⪅⤌⧊ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ୙ື⏘࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡉࢇࡗ࡚
ࡺ࠺࠾ᣢࡕࡢ᪉ࡀ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚ࠊࢸࢼࣥࢺ࡟ධࡽ
ࢀࡿ஦ᴗ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡉࢇࡶࡋࡃࡣධᒃ⪅ࡉࢇࠊࡑࡋ࡚

⤖ࡧ஦౛࠿ࡽᑟࡁࡔࡉࢀࡿⓎぢ஦ᐇ௨ୖࠊᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡜ࡣ≀㉁ⓗ㈨※ࡢ

9(1785(5(9,(:1R0DUFK





᪂ࡓ࡞฼⏝ࢆᕠࡗࡓࠊ㛵ಀⓗ࡞࣮ࣝࣝࡢタᐃࢆ㏻ࡌࡒࢀࡢ฼ᐖࡢ஺Ⅼࢆぢฟࡋ࡚ࠊ཰᮰ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡓ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡍ♫఍௻ᴗᐙࡢάື࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⌮ලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊࡲࡲ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡢඹឤࢆᚓࡿࡢㄽⓗどᗙࡢୗ࡛ࠊ㛗὾ᕷ㯮ቨ࠾ࡼࡧ໭஑ᕞᕷᐙᏲ⯋࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ≀ⓗ㈨※ࡔࡅࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡢ஦౛ࡢグ㏙ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊศᯒᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡗࡓࠋ᢬ᢠໃຊ࡜࡞ࡿࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟฼ᐖࢆぢฟࡉ࡞ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ஦౛ࡢᩚ⌮ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ⌮ㄽⓗどᗙࡀࡶ࠸࣮࢜ࢼ࣮࠿ࡽࠊ✵ࡁᗑ⯒ࡢᡤ᭷ᶒ࡜฼⏝ᶒࢆษࡾࡓࡽࡍⓎぢ஦ᐇࡢ⌮ㄽⓗྵពࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ

㞳ࡋࠊ㛤ᴗࡢᶵ఍ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡓ௻ᴗᐙ࡜㐟ఇ୙ື⏘ࡲࡎࠊ୧஦౛࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ♫఍௻ᴗᐙࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ஦ᴗࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᆅᇦ࡟᪂㝞௦ㅰࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ௙

ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡾ┤㠃ࡋࡓㄢ㢟ࡀࠊၟᗑ⾤ࡢ⾶㏥ᵓ

⤌ࡳࢆ๰ฟࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ㐀࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢩࣕࢵࢱ࣮໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊࡓࡵࠊู⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚᪂㛗὾ィ⏬ࢆタ❧ࡋࠊᚑ᮶ᆺࡢ

ၟᗑ⾤ࡣࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟㠀༠ຊⓗ࡞ែᗘࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

ၟᗑ⾤ᵓ㐀ࢆ◚ቯࡋ኱ᡭ㛛ၟᗑ⾤ࡢ᪂㝞௦ㅰࢆ㐙ࡆࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊၟᗑ⾤࣮࢜ࢼ࣮㐩ࡢ཰ධ※ࡀே㏻ࡾࡢ

ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ✵ࡁᗑ⯒ࢆၟᗑ⾤࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ၟᗑ⾤ࡢᗑ⯒཰ධ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊዲᬒẼࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟㉎ษࡾ㞳ࡋࠊእ㒊ࡢ௻ᴗᐙ࡜⤖ྜࡉࡏࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ㯮ቨධࡋࡓ୙ື⏘࠿ࡽࡢ཰ධࡸࠊእၟࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲ

ࢫࢡ࢚࢔࡜࠸࠺ࢫ࣮࢚ࣔࣝࣜ࢔࡟㞟⤖ࡉࡏࢸ࣮࣐ࣃ

ࡓࠊ㧗㱋໬ࡢࡓࡵ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ⏕άࢆ㈥࠼ࡿࢃࡎ࠿࡞

࣮ࢡ໬ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࡓࠋ

཰ධ࡛ࡼࡃࠊᚋ⥅⪅ࡓࡕࡶ఍♫ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ィࢆ❧࡚ࡘࡲࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡢ฼ᐖࡣ␗࡞ࡗࡓ࣋ࢡ

࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵၟᗑ⾤࡟ᡠࡗ࡚ࡇࡼ࠺࡜ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ

ࢺࣝࡢࡲࡲࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࢆᡂຌࡉࡏࡓ஦౛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡓࡵࠊၟᗑ⾤ࡢᗑ୺ࡓࡕࡣ㞟ᐈຊࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡼ࠺

௚᪉࡛ࠊ໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋஦౛࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㥐๓❧ᆅ࡜ࠊ✵ࡁ≀௳ࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡼ࠺࡜ࠊࡑࡇࡲ࡛ᙉ࠸ၥ㢟ࡢࡓࡵ㧗࠸ᅛᐃ㈨⏘⛯ࢆᡶࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ

ព㆑ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⾶㏥ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᆅᇦ࡟ேࢆ㞟㏻⾜㔞ࡢῶᑡ࡟ࡼࡾࢸࢼࣥࢺࡀ㐟ఇ໬ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ၥ

ࡵࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺άື࡬ࡢᙉ࠸⇕ពࡶ᪤࡟࡞ࡃࠊ㒊እ⪅㢟ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢၥ㢟ព㆑࠿ࡽࠊᲓ࡜ᔱ⏣ࡽࡀၟᗑ⾤࡟ධࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ၟ࠸ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟᎘࠺ࠋ

Ẹ㛫ࡢ୙ື⏘࣮࢜ࢼ࣮࡜ࣅࢪࢿࢫ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡀࣜࣀ࣋

⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ၟᗑ⾤ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ௦ㅰࡀ⁫ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ

࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿࣅࣝࡢ෌⏕ࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࡀࠊ㯮ቨ࡜ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ㯮ቨࡸ໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋ࡣၟᗑ⾤࡟࠶ࡿ㐟ఇࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊ⾜ᨻ࠿ࡽࡢ㈨㔠᥼ຓࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃጞ

୙ື⏘࡟ὀ┠ࡋࠊ୙ື⏘ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚᪂ࡓ࡞౯್ࢆᥦ♧ࡲࡗࡓࠋ㐟ఇ໬ࡋࡓࣅࣝ࡟౯್ࢆ୚࠼ࠊಶู࡟άື

ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ㯮ቨࡣࠊ㐟ఇ໬ࡋࡓ✵ࡁᗑ⯒ࡀほගࣅࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᆅᇦࡢ୺፬ࡸⱝ࠸௻ᴗᐙࢆᕳࡁ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡛ࢪࢿࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚㈚ᗑ⯒࡜ࡋ࡚౯್ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࢆᥦ♧㨶⏫ၟᗑ⾤࡟ேࡀ㞟࠺≧ἣࢆࡘࡃࡾฟࡋࡓࠋࡲࡉࡋ

ࡋࠊ㯮ቨࢫࢡ࢚࢔࡜࠸࠺࢔࣮ࣜࢼࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛

ࡃࠊ≀㉁ⓗ㈨※ࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟౯್ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢࡳ࡛

ከᵝ࡞฼ᐖࢆ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࢆᡂຌࡉࡏࡓࠋ

฼ᐖࢆ⤖ࡧ┤ࡍࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋࡑࡢ

໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋ࡣࠊ୙ື⏘࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡢ฼ᐖ࡜ࣅࢪࢿࢫ

ᚋࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㈨※ࡢ᪂⤖ྜࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡓࡵࠊࣜ

࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡢ฼ᐖࢆ୹ᛕ࡟ᩚ⌮ࡋࠊࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡜

ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢫࢡ࣮ࣝ࡜࠸࠺࢔࣮ࣜࢼࢆᙧᡂࡋࠊࡑ

࠸࠺ᡭἲࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㐟ఇ୙ື⏘ࢆ཰┈≀௳࡬࡜ኚ໬

ࡢ㐠Ⴀࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᐙᏲ఍♫ࡀタ❧ࡉࢀࡿࠋ⤖ᯝࠊᴟຊࡉࡏ᪂ࡓ࡞౯್ࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙ

ᑡ࡞࠸㈨㔠ࡢᢞධ࡛᪂ࡓ࡞ᨻ⟇❧᱌ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ໭஑ᕞ

ࣥࢫࢡ࣮ࣝ࡜࠸࠺࢔࣮ࣜࢼᙧᡂࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ከᵝ࡞ࢫࢸᕷࡸࠊ㨶⏫࢚ࣜ࢔࡜࠸࠺ࣈࣛࣥࢻ࡟฼ᐖࢆぢฟࡍ௻࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࡢ᪂⤖ྜࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡓࠋᴗᐙࡓࡕࠊᅛᐃ㈨⏘⛯➼ࢆᡶ࠺ࡓࡵᗑᏊࢆồࡵࡿ୙ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ஦౛࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢫࢸ

ື⏘࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࠊ඲ᅜࡢᆅᇦ෌⏕⟇ࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿࢫࢡ࣮

࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡬ࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ㸦฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋ㸧ࡢࣝཷㅮ⏕ࠊᘓ⠏࣭タィࡢᶵ఍ࡸே⬦࡙ࡃࡾࢆᮇᚅࡍ

᪉ἲࡣࠊᙜヱᆅᇦ࡟᰿ᕪࡋࡓಶูලయࡢⓎぢ஦ᐇࡀࡿᘓ⠏ᐙ➼ࡢከᵝ࡞฼ᐖࡀ⤖ࡧ┤ࡉࢀࠊၟᴗ᪋タࡢ

ぢฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ㯮ቨ஦౛࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᙜึࠊᥖࡆࡽࢀ

෌⏕ࠊၟᗑ⾤ࡢ㏻⾜㔞ቑຍཬࡧࠊ᪂つ஦ᴗ⪅࡜㞠⏝ࡓ┠ᶆࡣࠕ㯮ቨಖᏑ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ㛗὾ᕷࡢᩥ໬࣭ᩍ⫱ࡢቑຍࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡢ⥔ᣢྥୖࢆ┠ᣦࡍ⾜ᨻࡢ฼ᐖ࡜ࠊ㯮ቨ㖟⾜ࡢಖᏑ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᆅᇦෆࡢᮍ฼⏝㈨※ࡢ᪂⤖ྜ㸦෌ཬࡧႠ฼㏣ồࢆ┠ᣦࡍ㯮ቨ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ᪤࡟࠶ࡿ♫఍⤖ྜ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡣࠊᙜヱᆅᇦ࡟࠶ࡿ㈨※ࢆⓗṇ⤫ᛶࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿᙧ࡛ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⮬㉳Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᢳ㇟ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⤫ྜ࡜ࡣ␗ࡽࡢ⏕άᇶ┙ࡢಖド࡟ࡋ࠿㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ၟᗑ⾤ᗑ࡞ࡗࡓࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࡢ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋ࡜ࡋ࡚ศ

୺ࡢ฼ᐖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊၥ㢟ព㆑ࡢඹ᭷ࡸඹឤ࡜࠸࠺

ᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࠋ㈨※ࢆ㉳Ⅼ࡟ᆅᇦෆࡢ࢔

᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊၟᗑ⾤ࡢ✵ࡁᗑ⯒฼⏝ࢆ㍈࡟ࠊࡑࢀࢡࢱ࣮ࡢ฼ᐖࢆㄞࡳゎࡁࠊࡑࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿ

9(1785(5(9,(:1R0DUFK

ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊྠᵝࡢ㈨※ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᆅᇦ㸦ၟᗑ⾤㸧࡟ࡶ㌿ࡓࠊᴟࡵ࡚᭷⏝࡞ຓゝ࡜ࡈᣦ᦬ࢆ㡬ࡁࡲࡋࡓ⦅㞟ጤဨࡢཎᣅᚿඛ

⏝ྍ⬟࡞ศᯒどゅ࡛࠶ࡿⅬ࡛ࠊ⌮ㄽⓗ࣭ᨻ⟇ⓗ㈉⊩⏕ࠊࣞࣇ࢙࣮ࣜࡢඛ⏕᪉࡟ࠊ῝ࡃឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ

ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ๓ẁ࡛ᣦ᦬ࡋࡓ
ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㛗὾ᕷ࡜໭஑ᕞᕷ࡛ࡣ㐟ఇ୙ື⏘ࡢ฼⏝ࢆ࠙ὀ㔘ࠚᕠࡿ฼ᐖ㛵ಀࡀ␗࡞ࡾࠊ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋࡢ᪉ἲࡣࡑ

1) ࠕࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࡢṔྐࡣ 1970 ᖺ௦࡟┒ࢇ࡟㆟ㄽ

ࡢᆅᇦᅛ᭷ࡢࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ㈨※࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓ᫬ࠊࡲࡕ

ࡉࢀࡓࠕᆅᇦ୺⩏ࠖ
㸦e.g., ⋢㔝஭ࠊ1973㸧ࡀ※ὶ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࡙ࡃࡾ◊✲ࡀ┠ᣦࡍࡢࡣࠊᆅᇦᅛ᭷ࡢࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺ

ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᕷᕝࠊ2001㸧ࠋ࡟᰿௜࠸ࡓࠊ㈨※ࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡃ฼ᐖ㛵ಀ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓࠊ
ᅛ᭷ࡢ฼ᐖࡢ⤖ࡧ┤ࡋࡢ᪉ἲࢆࠊ⤒㦂ⓗㄪᰝࢆ㏻ࡌࡓⓎぢ஦ᐇ࡜ࡋ࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚⾜ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ2) ࠕ㒔ᕷィ⏬ἲࠖࠊࠕ኱つᶍᑠ኎ᗑ⯒❧ᆅἲࠖࠊࠕ୰ᚰᕷ⾤ᆅࡢάᛶ
໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊࠖࡢ 3 ࡘࡢἲᚊࡢ⥲⛠ࠋ3) ౛࠼ࡤࠊ㏻⏘┬ࡣࠗ90 ᖺ௦ࡢὶ㏻ࣅࢪࣙࣥ࠘
㸦㏻ၟ⏘ᴗ┬⦅ࠊ
1989㸧ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ
ࠕ⾤࡙ࡃࡾ఍♫ࠖࡢタ❧ࢆ᥎ዡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
4) 1979 ᖺࠊᖹᯇᏲᙪ኱ศ┴▱஦ࡀᥦၐࡋࡓᆅᇦάᛶ໬㐠ື࡛ࠊ⤖ㄽ࡜௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟ᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢᐇ㊶࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿ┴ෆ඲ᕷ⏫ᮧࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1 ࡘࡢ≉⏘ရࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊ඲ᅜ࡟㈍㊰ࢆᣑ኱ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺᪉⟇࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢝࣎ࢫ࣭㛵࢔ࢪ࣭㛵ࢧࣂ࡞࡝ୖ࡛ࠊࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡞

ࡢྡ⏘ရࢆ⏕⏘ࡋࠊ㎰Ỉ⏘ᴗ⪅ࡢ཰┈ᨵၿ࡟㈉⊩ࡋࡓࠋࡉࢀࡓ⌮ㄽⓗᇶ┙ࡢᵓ⠏ࢆホ౯ࡋࡘࡘࠊࡑࡇ࡟ぢࡽ5) ࠕ⮬ࡽ⪃࠼⮬ࡽ⾜࠺ᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ஦ᴗࠖࡢ㏻⛠ࠋ➉ୗෆ㛶ࡀᆅᇦࢀࡓ⌮ㄽⓗㄢ㢟࡬ࡢ࢔ࣉࣜ࢜ࣜ࡜ࡋ࡚㯮ቨ࡜໭஑ᕞ

᣺⯆ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ 1988 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 1989 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ஦ᴗ࡛ࠊ

ᐙᏲ⯋ࡢ஦౛ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ≀㉁ⓗ㈨※ࢆ፹௓࡜ࡋࡓ฼

඲ᅜࡢ⣙ 3,000 ࡢ⮬἞య࡟ᑐࡋࠊᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟⮬⏤࡟౑࠼ࡿᐖ㛵ಀ⪅࡬ࡢ௓ධ࡜࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࢆᙉㄪࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊ㈨㔠࡜ࡋ࡚ 1 ൨෇㸦⥲㢠⣙ 3,000 ൨෇㸧ࢆ஺௜ࡋࡓࠋ

᪤Ꮡ◊✲࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡗࡓࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ᪉ἲࢆᥦၐࡋࡓࠋ6) ࡇࡢ⌮ㄽᵓ㐀ࡣࠊ௻ᴗᐙ◊✲⪅ࡢ Gartner 㸦2007㸧 ࡟ࡼࡗࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ୍⯡໬࡚࿌ⓑࡉࢀࡓ௻ᴗᐙ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕࣅࢵࢢ࣭ࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜၥ㢟ࠖࡉࢀࡓ㒔ᕷィ⏬ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ஦࡛࡞ࡃࠊᙜヱᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅ

࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ௻ᴗᐙ◊✲࡛ࡣၥ㢟どࡉࢀࡿ⌮ㄽᵓ㐀㸦Steyaert,ࡿከᵝ࡞฼ᐖᵓ㐀࡬ࡢ௓ධࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࠊᨻ⟇ⓗ࡞

2007; 㧗ᶫ࣭ᯇᔱࠊ2009㸧࡟㝈ࡾ࡞ࡃ㏆࠸ࠋGartner ࡣࠊ⮬ࢶ࣮ࣝࡸࣔࢹࣝࡢᥦ౪࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2 ࡘࡢ஦౛࠿ࡽࡶ᫂

ࡽࡢ௻ᴗᐙ࡬ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚グ㏙ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࢣ࣮ࢫ࣭

ࡽ࠿࡞㏻ࡾࠊᕷ⾤ᆅࡢάᛶ໬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᮏㄽᩥࡢᥦ

ࢫࢱࢹ࢕ࡀࠊ௻ᴗᐙࢆࣄࣟ࢖ࢵࢡ࡟ᤊ࠼ࠊ௻ᴗᐙ࡟ಀࡿேࠎ

♧ࡋࡓࢫ࣮࣒࢟ࡣ⌮ㄽⓗ࡟ࡶᨻ⟇ⓗ࡟ࡶ෌⌧ྍ⬟ᛶࢆᩛᑐ⪅ࡸᨭ᥼⪅࡜࠸ࡗࡓᙺ๭ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊணᐃㄪ࿴ⓗࡀ㧗࠸ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋ

࡞ࣅࢵࢢ࣭ࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜ࠿ࡽ㏨ࢀᚓ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࿌ⓑࡋࡓࠋ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ஦౛࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡼ

ࡇࡢ࿌ⓑ࡟ᑐࡋ Steyaert㸦2007㸧ࡣࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ௻ᴗᐙ◊✲࡛࡞ࡾㄝᚓⓗ࡟㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣၟᗑ⾤ࢆྵࡴከᵝ࡞ࢫࡉࢀࡿ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡢグ㏙ࢆࠕ⚄ヰⓗ࡞≀ㄒࡢ཯᚟㸦p.744㸧ࠖࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࡢಶู฼ᐖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿලయⓗ࡞グ㏙ࡀ࡜ᙉⅯ࡟ᢈุࡋࠊࡑࡢணᐃㄪ࿴ⓗ࡞グ㏙࡛ࡣ௻ᴗᐙ⾜ືࡸࢿᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋᘬࡁ⥆ࡁࠊಶࠎࡢࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮

ࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ㐀ࡢ」㞧ᛶࡀᢕᥱ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿ㸦p.746㸧ࠋ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟࠾

ྠᵝ࡟ࠊFletcher㸦2007㸧ࡶ௻ᴗᐙࡢࣄࣟ࢖ࢵࢡ࡞⾜ື࡟↔

ࡅࡿ฼ᐖࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ෌⌧ྍ⬟࡞ᨻ⟇ⓗᥦゝⅬࢆᙜ࡚ࡍࡂࡿࡇ࡜࡛ྲྀࡾࡇࡰࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࢔ࢡࢱ࣮࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊᮏㄽᩥࡣၟᗑ⾤άᛶ໬஦ࠋᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿ㸦p.657㸧

౛࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔࣮ࣜࢼࡢᵓ⠏᪉ἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿಶูලయ࡟

7) ᕷሙࡢኻᩋࡢᙳ㡪࠿ࡽᕷẸཧຍᆺࡢබඹ⤒Ⴀ࡬ࡢὀ┠ࡀ㧗ࡲ㝈ᐃࡋࡓࡀࠊ
ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢㄢ㢟࡟ࡣࠊᏊ⫱࡚ࡸ⚟♴ࠊࡾࠊࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡞࡝ࡢ♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿάືࢆ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋

㞠⏝ࠊᐃఫࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ࡢᙧᡂ࡞࡝ࡢ♫఍ㄢ㢟ゎࢩࣙࣥ⌧㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࠕࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡜

Ỵ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ␗࡞ࡿ฼ᐖ㛵ಀ࡜࢔࣮ࣜࢼࡢᵓ⠏᪉࠸࠺ᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚άⓎ࡟㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸦Drucker,ἲࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽከᵝ࡞ಶูࢸ࣮࣐࡟

1993㸧
ࠋࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡜ࡣࠕ♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ㄽᩚ⌮࡜⤒㦂ⓗ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜

࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࣅࢪࢿࢫࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸♫఍ⓗ౯್ࢆ๰ฟࡋࠊ

⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⤒῭ⓗ࣭♫఍ⓗᡂᯝࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ㠉᪂ࠖ㸦㇂ᮏ࣭኱ᐊ࣭኱ᖹ࣭ᅵ

⫧࣭ྂᮧࠊ2013, p.8㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢศᯒᑐ㇟ࡣࠊ࠙ㅰ㎡ࠚᕷẸ㐠ືᐙ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡿ♫఍ၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡍࡿゎỴ⟇ࡢ๰ฟᮏㄽᩥࡢᇳ➹࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊㄪᰝ࡟ࡈ༠ຊ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ᪉ࠎࠊࡈᣦᑟ

࠿ࡽ㸦e.g., Westley, 2006 㸹Mulgan, 2006㸧ࠊ♫఍௻ᴗᐙࡀ

࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓඛ⏕᪉࡞࡝ࠊ㛵ಀࡢⓙᵝ࡟ᚰ࠿ࡽឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋࡲ

஦ᴗ཰┈ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡓࡵ࡟タ❧ࡍࡿ♫఍ⓗ௻ᴗࡢศᯒ㸦e.g.,9(1785(5(9,(:1R0DUFK



'HHV+DDVDQG+DDV㸧ࠊබඹᨻ⟇࡟ࡼࡿ♫఍ኚ㠉㸦HJ኎ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᛶ㉁ࠊ㧗㱋ࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀከࡃ᪂つᛶࢆ᎘࠺ၟᗑ⾤

7DLSOH㸧࡜ᗈ⠊ᅖ࡟ཬࡪࠋ

ഃࡢ㠀༠ຊⓗ࡞ែᗘࠊᑠ኎ࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃእၟࡸ㈨⏘㐠⏝ࢆ୰ᚰ  6FKXPSHWHU㸦㸧ࡀᥦၐࡋࡓ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࡢཎືຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄝ

࡜ࡋ࡚཰┈ࢆୖࡆࡿᵓ㐀ࡺ࠼࡟ၟᗑ⾤࡟ேࡀ࠸࡞࠸≧ἣࢆࡉ࡯࡝ၥ㢟どࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸➼ࢆၥ㢟Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡿࠋ

᫂ࡍࡿ௻ᴗᐙᶵ⬟㸦ձ᪂〇ရࡢ㛤Ⓨࠊղ᪂⏕⏘᪉ἲࠊճ᪂ᕷ
ሙࡢ㛤ᣅࠊմ᪂ཎᮦᩱࡢ㛤Ⓨࠊյ᪂⤌⧊ࡢᵓ⠏㸧ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ  ᮏ◊✲࡟㝿ࡋࠊ ᖺ ᭶㹼 ᖺ ᭶ࡢᮇ㛫ࠊ ᅇ࡟Ώࡾࠊ

♫఍௻ᴗᐙࢆ୺య࡜ࡋࡓࣉࣟࢭࢫࣔࢹࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㇂

ᰴᘧ఍♫໭஑ᕞᐙᏲ⯋ྲྀ⥾ᙺᚨ⏣ගᘯẶࠊ┘ᰝᙺᲓ㍤ඖẶࠊᮏ㸦㸧࡛ࡣࠊձ♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟ࡢㄆ▱ࠊղ♫఍ⓗ஦ᴗࡢ㛤Ⓨ࣭୰ᒇ⯆⏘୕␒⾤஦ᴗ㒊ᔱ⏣⚽⠊Ặ࡬ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ

ᥦ౪ࠊճᕷሙ♫఍࠿ࡽࡢᨭᣢࠊմ♫఍㛵ಀࡸไᗘࡢኚ໬ࠊյ

ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ⿵㊊㈨ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊΎỈ⩏ḟẶ࡜ᔱ⏣ὒᖹẶ࡜ࡢᑐ♫఍ⓗ౯್ࡢᗈࡀࡾ࡜࠸࠺  ẁ㝵࡛ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

ㄯࡸࠊᙼࡽࡀࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢫࢡ࣮࡛ࣝ⾜ࡗࡓㅮ₇ࢆཧ⪃࡟ ࠕࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࠖ࡜ࡣࠊࠕ♫఍ⓗ௻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ᴗࠊ୰㛫ᨭ᥼⤌⧊ࠊ㈨㔠ᥦ౪ᶵ㛵ࠊ኱Ꮫ࣭◊✲ᶵ㛵ࠊ୍⯡௻  Დࡣࠊᑠ಴ᐙᏲᵓ᝿࡟㠀༠ຊⓗ࡞ែᗘࢆ♧ࡍ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡀከࡃࠊ

ᴗ㸦⤒῭ᅋయ㸧
ࠊ132㸭1*2ࠊᨻᗓ࣭⾜ᨻ࡞࡝ࡀᆅ⌮ⓗ࡟㞟㐟ఇ୙ື⏘ࡢࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヰ࡟࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ
ࠕ࠺ࡕࡣ୰ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡀ༠ຊⓗ࠿ࡘ➇தⓗ࡞㛵ಀࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ

✵࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠖ࡜᩿ࡿ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡶ࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺࣮࢜ࢼ

♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟࡬ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ゎỴ᪉ἲࡸ᪂ࡋ࠸♫఍ⓗ౯್ࡀ⏕ࡳฟ࣮࡟ࡣ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡞࠸࡜ㄒࡿࠋ

ࡉࢀࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸♫఍ⓗ஦ᴗࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞⤌⧊ࡢ㞟✚≧ែ  ᮾி㒔༓௦⏣༊࡟࠶ࡿᗫᰯ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ୰Ꮫᰯࢆࠊ
ࣜࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ
ࡋࠊ࢔࣮ࢸ࢕ࢫࢺࡀ࢖࣋ࣥࢺࢆ⾜࠺ᣐⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚෌⏕ࡉࡏࡓࠋ㸦㇂ᮏࠊS㸧ࠖ࡜ᐃ⩏௜ࡅࡉࢀࡿࠋ  ♫఍௻ᴗᐙ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ
௻ᴗᐙ࡜ࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࡢ㛵ಀᵓ⌧ᅾࡣࠊᆅᇦࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ࡢ㞟࠸ࡢሙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㐀ࡢኚ໬ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ㔜せᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ 㧗ᶫ㸦㸧ࡀヲࡋࡃ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕᐙᏲࠖ࡜ࡣࠊỤᡞ᫬௦ᚋᮇ࡟Ụᡞࡢ⏫ࡢ⥔ᣢ⟶⌮ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ  ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓぢ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ⌮ㄽࡸᢏ⾡ࡢேࠎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙜ᫬ࠊ⏫ேࡣ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢࡲࡕࢆࡘࡃࡾᏲࡿࡓࡵ

♫఍ⓗᵓᡂ࡞࡝ࡢ㆟ㄽ㸦HJ ཎࠊ㸧࡜ࡢ⌮ㄽⓗᩚ⌮ࡶᚲ࡟ࠊᖥᗓ࠿ࡽ࠾㔠ࢆࡶࡽࢃࡎ࡟ࠊ⊂⮬࡟ࠕᐙᏲࠖ௙⤌ࡳࢆࡘせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ⣬ᖜࡢไ⣙ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢู࡛ࡢᶵ఍࡟ㆡࡿࠋ

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ࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᗑᏊ࠿ࡽࠕ኱ᐙࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ

ࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢆᥦၐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡀࠕ⤌⧊ࠖࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࡢ

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࡟ᑐࡋࠊ࢔࣮ࣜࢼࡣࡼࡾᗈ⠊ᅖ࡟ཬࡪᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ

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ࢡࡀసࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ  ఀ⸨ࡣࠊ
ၟᗑ⾤඲యࡢᶓࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ࡜࠸࠺ไ⣙ࢆ࠺ࡅ࡞ࡀࡽၟ   9(1785(5(9,(:1R0DUFK

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Ύᡂᛅ⏨(1981)ࠗ80 ᖺ௦ࡢᆅᇦ᣺⯆࠘᪥ᮏホㄽ♫.

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