Effective Use of Accelerators
Kazuro Furukawa<kazuro.furukawa@kek.jp>

for SuperKEKB Linac division

Effective use of Accelerators

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

Linac OverviewExperience and planat KEK's electron / positron complex! Disaster! Overview of SuperKEKB and complex" KEKB 1998 ~ 2010
" SuperKEKB 2015 ~ (We don't delay the project even with disaster)! Effective use of accelerators" Based on well-designed devices and controls

Effective use of Accelerators

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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Earthquake in March 2011 – Thanks!Thank you so much for your warm messages fromall over the world.

!Operation for PF, PF-AR recovered by June 2011,
whole Linac recovery by March 2013, hopefully.
Effective use of Accelerators

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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Linac Overview

Linac in SuperKEKB Project! 40-times higher Luminosity"Twice larger storage beam Higher Linac beam current"20-times higher collision rate with nano-beam scheme#  Low-emittance Linac injection beam
#  Shorter storage lifetime
 Higher Linac beam current!Linac challenges

40xLuminosity"Low emittance e# High-charge RF-gun"Low emittance e+# Damping ringe+ increase"Higher e+ beam current# New capture section"Beam transport"Four ring manipulation
Effective use of Accelerators

2x beamcurrent

RF-gunKazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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Linac Overview

SuperKEKB Injector Linac! Higher Injection Beam Current" To Meet the larger stored beam current and shorter beam lifetime inthe ring" 4~8-times larger bunch current for electron and positron" Reconstruction of positron generator, etc! Lower-emittance Injection Beam" To meet nano-beam scheme in the ring
" Positron with a damping ring
" Electron with a photo-cathode RF gun" Emittance preservation by alignment and beam instrumentation! Quasi-simultaneous injections into 4 storage rings" SuperKEKB e–/e+ rings, and light sources of PF and PF-AR"Improvements to beam instrumentation, low-level RF, controls,timing, etc
Effective use of Accelerators

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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Linac Overview

Effective Use of Linac for SuperKEKB, PF, PF-AR! Top-up Injections to all of Four Rings (from 2015~)" SuperKEKB e–/e+ rings, and light source PF# the same as in KEKB-PF" Light source PF-AR should not interfere SuperKEKB rings# Lifetime of SuperKEKB rings are expected to be ~10minutes! Fast switching of beams" 3.5-times different energies, 100-times different bunch charges" Fast controllable magnets, low-level RF, high-power RF, guns,
injection systems, independent ring circumference compensations,beam instrumentations (prepared since 2006)" Very tricky" Event-based fast controls! Controls are the essential part of accelerator"To make use of it
Effective use of Accelerators

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

6Typical Top-up Stored Beam Current Stabilities!Beam current were kept stable (Apr.2009~Jun.2010)"Led to good physics, etc. experimental results"KEKB (~0.05%)"PF: 450 ± 0.05mA (~0.01%)
HER e–: 1107 ± 1mA
LER e+: 1585 ± 1mA

Effective use of Accelerators

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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KEKB

Summary

Change in Operation Modes at KEKB
Belle/KEK

May.2000
Apr.2003
Dual Bunch e+
Feb.2005
ContinuousInjections
Dec.2008
Crab Cavities andSimultaneous Injection
Effective use of Accelerators

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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SuperKEKB

SuperKEKB Controls/Operations!Inherit Good part of KEKB Controls"EPICS"Scripting languages!Two Additional Concepts"Channel Access Everywhere"Dual-layer Controls (EPICS and Event-based controls)

Effective use of Accelerators

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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SuperKEKB

1st: CA Everywhere!EPICS Channel Access (CA) Everywhere"Embed EPICS control software (IOC) everywhere
possible"Reduce efforts on protocol design, testing,
maintenance, etc

Effective use of Accelerators

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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CA Everywhere

Embedded EPICS IOCs at SuperKEKB!The same software framework on everycontroller# Rapid development and smooth maintenance"µTCA LLRF module: Linux/FPGA"Yokogawa PLC: Linux CPU"Oscillo. 50Hz measurement: Windows"MPS management :Linux/FPGA"Timing TDC: Linux/Arm"Power modulator and LLRF: Linux/FPGA"Libera BPM at 50Hz: Linux/FPGA"NI cRIO : CAS/FPGA"Many more…
Effective use of Accelerators

OPICAIOC
CADeviceIOC

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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SuperKEKB

2nd: Dual-layer Controls!Another layer in addition to EPICS/CA"Event system helps EPICS with another channel/layer"Additional functionality, synchronization and speed

Effective use of Accelerators

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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Dual-layer Controls

Dual-layer Controls!IOC controls via Conventional EPICS CA#Above 1ms, ordered controls!Fast FPGA controls via SFP/Fiber#10ps ~ 100ms, 114MHz synchronous controls
OPI
Channel Access
IOCIOCEVGenerator

IOC
EV
Receiver

IOC

IOC

EVR

EVR

.....

FPGA/SFP
Effective use of Accelerators

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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Dual-layer Controls

Fast, Global, and Synchronous Controls! MRF’s series-230 Event Generator / Receivers!114.24MHz event rate,! VME64x and VxWorks v5.5.1
50Hz fiducial! EPICS R3.14.9 with DevSup v2.4.1!More than hundred! 17 event receivers for now
50Hz-analog/timing param.
Central"Event Generator"!Multi/single-mode fiber!Timing precision is < 10ps.
SH_A1"
KL_B5/B6"

SB_B"

Injection"

SB_A"e­#Gun!
ARC!

" < 1ps with external module.

e– BT (PF: 2.5GeV, 0.1nC)!

Cont-ABC">100ns

96ns

KL_51/52"
SB_C"

SB_1"

SB_2"

SB_3"

SB_4"

SB_5"

e+ BT (KEKB: 3.5GeV, 2nC)!

!

e+#Target
Cont-1"

Cont-2"96ns
Cont-3"Cont-4"Cont-5"

Event Receivers"
Effective use of Accelerators>100nse– BT (KEKB: 8GeV, 2nC, !
PFAR: 3.0GeV, 0.1nC)!

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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SuperKEKB

Event-based Control Components!Great combination of commodity devices"FPGA (field-programmable gate array) andSFP (small form-factor pluggable)!In SuperKEKB we will utilize"MRF's VME modules (cPCI, PMC, etc possible)"SINAP's VME and PLC modules"FPGA-SFP-based controllers"Event delivery even over Ethernet#Error rate over Ethernet < 10-7!~200 analog/binary control points every
20ms and many more sync. measurements
Effective use of Accelerators

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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Dual-layer Controls

One Machine, Multiple Virtual Accelerators (VAs)! Independent parameter set for each VA, one of VAs is active at a timee− GunARC

PF Injection�

e– (2.5GeV)

e− GunKEKB-LER Injection�

ARC

Event-basedControl System

Primary e– (3.5GeV)

e+ (4GeV)

e+ Targete− GunARC

KEKB-HER Injection�
e– (7GeV)e− GunARC

PF-AR Injection�
e+ Target

Effective use of Accelerators

e– / e+ (4 / 6.5GeV)

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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Dual-layer Controls

Multiple Closed Loop Controls Overlapped! Closed loops can be installed on each VA independently" Tested at KEKB

e− Gun!

e– BT (PF: 2.5GeV, 0.1nC)!

PF Injection�

ARC!

e+ Target"e− Gun!

Event-basedControl SystemARC!

KEKB-LER Injection�

Primary e– (4GeV, 10nC)

e+ BT (KEKB: 3.5GeV, 0.6nC)!

e+ Target"e− Gun!
ARC!

KEKB-HER Injection�
e+ Target"e– BT (KEKB: 8GeV, 1.2nC)!

Effective use of Accelerators

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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SuperKEKB

Summary!We can make use of accelerators efficiently
and effectively!Use of event-based controls as well as(embedded-) EPICS, and scripting languages,
will be essential for advanced operations

Effective use of Accelerators

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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Thanks

Thank You for Your Patience�

Effective use of Accelerators

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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Effective use of Accelerators

Kazuro Furukawa, KEK, Aug.2012.

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