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024［研究活動 1］12ïÿwÿÛ~×{·y»ÿö|~[Research activities 1]
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Basic Research on the Activities of Nishimura Sōzaemon XII

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Summary
Nishimura Sōzaemon X II (1855-1935) (herea f ter
referred to as Nishimura X II) was the head of Chiso
during t he Meiji (1868 -1912), Ta ishō (1912-1926 ),a nd Sh ō w a (192 6 -1989) p e r io d s . A p a r t f r om t he
manufacturing, selling and trading of textile products,
he supported education, participated in exhibitions, andengaged in union activities, contributing to the arts andcrafts scene of modern Kyoto. However, the information
about his achievements is scattered across several research
fields, and the general picture of his activities has not been
made sufficiently clear. This research aims at clarifying
the activities of Nishimura XII in a comprehensive way
through a survey of the materials in the Chiso collection.
On the basis of this analysis, the social background of
his activities and the evolution of his philosophy will be
discussed, and the role that Nishimura XII played in latemodern period Japan will be reevaluated.
In FY2022, a chronological table covering the period
from 1872 to 1935, when Nishimura XII developed his
activities, was created. In addition, a thorough survey ofthe books thought to have been acquired during the same
period was carried out.
Regarding the chronologica l table, 463 honorar ycertificates were used as the main source of information.
Additional sources included accounting documents, aswell as contemporary newspaper and magazine articles.
These materials were used to create a chronology of theactivities of Nishimura XII that could serve as a basis forfurther research. In order to organize the information andfacilitate its use, the data obtained from the survey wasarranged in four categories: (1) the family relationshipsof Nishimura XII and his personal achievements, (2) the
evolution of the organization and the achievements of
its employees, (3) the record of display and acquisitionof objects currently in the collection, and (4) the recordof donations to external organizations. The first three
categories were summarized in a chronological tablepublished on the webpage of our Institute, and the firsttwo categories are published in this article. In addition,
last fiscal year’s survey revealed the importance of theWorld 's Columbia n E xposition held in Chica go in
1893; the activities of Nishimura XII in relation to thisevent were clarified through a survey of related letters,
photographs and newspaper articles.
Regarding the survey of books, 493 books (including
woodblock-printed book s a nd modern book s) weresurveyed. These books are thought to have been collected
to use them for the creation of yūzen fabrics, embroidery,and clerical garments. A wide range of materials was foundto form part of the collection, including kosode hinagata
books (collections of garment motifs) and harimazecho(scrapbooks of fabric samples) from the early and latemodern periods. Through a comparison with inventoriesof the collection made in the late 19 th to the early 20 th
century, it was possible to determine the acquisition dateand provenance of some of these books and fabrics. This
information made possible to carry out an analysis of
the formation process of today’s Chiso collection fromthe objects acquired during this time period. In order tofacilitate the use of these books during future researchworks, a new book catalogue recording the informationcollected during this survey was created.
Similar surveys will be carried out next fiscal year.
Further research is expected to clarify the relationships
between the achievements, the social background, and thephilosophy of Nishimura XII.

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Mitsumeru—Research Activities

Project members
Oda Momoko, Hayashi Haruna

058［研究活動 2］ß¿~÷~Õ{·y»|~[Research activities 2]
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Research on the Textile Products of the Ōtani-ha School of Shinshū
Buddhism|~
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Mitsumeru—Research Activitiesÿç_ÿw1woØû~tWÛ~²xZÕÍþÕ~ß¿ÿ²Ìß¿ÿwoØûĀbµ0SW_ÿÛýswût1O÷x~ÿ²Ìs2~1T_Õ{ýu¼z~|_~¿ÿ|~ÿ÷ g]

âý²n¹{{w1}¼¹~V÷²wvßïîý{zqßîwö~íûbµ0ýë ÍûÛów~¿ÿ|~ÿ»zv_~ßk²ëny»îxw2òå}v[1÷ g]1òû»ûùüöÿo^åo|~bĀ1

òxv1ß¿ßîwö~íûÿß}Wz^Ābÿ~}[ÿo^åo|~bĀ1÷ ~[ÿîýÞîýçW

µ~ýëÍûÛówz¸sS{ú»ýë·ÏÏý²[{¹Ā

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}þö{ÿu_ÿöuv²Ìvsxw1åo~÷~çW~Nÿ²n¹{{w¸vxy»²~wr»2S1}~_¯wr»SW_ÿÛ|wm~ÿ{¹k~wýë´sw²svÍxwv×wvzº1xº¿qß¿ÿwoØûĀ~ÿ}Wþ²Û±vtsx{¹1s¼~w{ß¿ûïwö»|oÿû´[þß{_¿»ýëÍ}200þ²ÿí{¿ÿ²Ìsv}12
SW_ÿÛßoßÿïO1woØûĀw}u¼ZÕÍþ÷~Õ~¿ý²Ìsvzº1Nø~÷~Õ~O÷ÿw²S{bµu¼vt»2o¿ÿz¸s|~

本研究の一部は公益財団法人ポーラ美術振興財団 令和4年度助成を受けて実施された。

1. 「真宗大谷派の法衣装束・荘厳具の調査」一般社団法人千總文化研究所編『千總文化研究所 年報』第3号, 一般社団法人
千總文化研究所 , pp.28-69, 2022年

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SummaryThis research aims at shedding light on one aspect ofJapanese textile culture through a survey of the clericalgarments and decorative fabrics held by the Ōtani-ha
School of Shinshū Buddhism and the documentation
related to their manufacturing, and their systematicclassification according to their features and use. The
forerunner of Chiso, Onshōzokushi Chikiriya Sōzaemon,
handled clerical garments and uchisiki (altar cloths) fromits foundation in the 16 th century until the early 20 th
century. Notably, it was the official supplier of the Ōtaniha School of Shinshū Buddhism (Higashi Honganji Temple). Previously, approximately 200 articles ofclerical garment held by the Himeji Senba Hontokuji Temple (a branch temple of the Ōtani-ha School of
Shinshū Buddhism) as well as a private residence had beensurveyed1.

Chikiriya Sōzaemon manufactured the decorative
textile products used inside Higashi Hongan-ji Temple,
and Chiso still holds the draft drawings that were used for
creating some of them. As part of this research and survey,
and thanks to the cooperation of Higashi Hongan-ji
Temple, the decorative textiles inside the temple buildings
were examined and compared with the aforementioned
draft drawings. In addition, the embroidery techniques
used in these textile products were identified. Throughthis analysis, this research aimed at clarifying the realityof embroidery production in Kyoto during the late modern
period.
Also, clerical garments and decorative fabrics held byanother temple of the same school, Inami Bestuin Zuisenji Temple (Nanto City, Toyama Prefecture), as well as
documents related to clerical garments held by Chiso weresurveyed.
Further surveys will be carried out in the future in orderto clarify the features of the clothing culture of different
Buddhist schools and the activity of clerical garment
suppliers.

T h i s r e s e a r c h w a s p a r t l y f u n d e d b y a g r a n t o f t h e Po l a A r t
Foundation for FY2022.
1.

“Shinshū Ōtani-ha no hōe shōzoku sōgongu no chōsa” [Survey onclerical garments and altar cloths of the Ōtani-ha School of Jōdo
Shinshū Buddhism]. In Chisō Bunka Kenkyūjo Nenpō [Annual

Report of the Institute for Chiso Arts and Culture], edited by
Institute for Chiso Arts and Culture, pp. 28-69, 2022.

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Mitsumeru—Research Activities

Project members
Resea rch study of Uchishiki a nd mizuhiki made by
Chikiriya Sozaemon and held by the Ōtani-ha School of
Shinshū Buddhism (Higashi Hongan-ji Temple): Hayashi
HarunaResearch study of clerical garments and decorative fabrics
held by the Inami Bestuin Zuisen-ji Temple: Katō Yuriko,Hayashi Haruna, Monica Bethe (Medieval JapaneseStudies Institute), Miyao Motoko (Medieval JapaneseStudies Institute), Hayashi Tomoko (The Museum of
Kyoto)

088［教育活動 1］÷~âÛû÷~çW²Üwxw}²÷ýÀùĀ~[Educational activities 1]

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Development of and Educational Program on Textile Techniques
and Textile Culture

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Tsunagu—Educational Activities

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Summary
I n a s o c i e t y d o m i n a t e d b y V U C A (v o l a t i l i t y,
uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity), the question of
how to educate the children who will be in charge of the
future is being discussed in every sphere. What does itmean to be human? What is the purpose of technology
and culture? What should we create? In order to facequestions without an easy answer like these, it is necessary
to foster a broad knowledge and perspective, as well as
logical thinking ability and imagination.
Our Institute has been working on the development ofan educational program on textile techniques and textile
culture since FY2021. The objective of the program isrepurposing the academic knowledge about the tangible
and intangible cultural heritage associated to Chisoand human creativity as materials to educate the next
generation.
During FY 2022, an extracurricular program for juniorhigh school students was implemented, and research topics
for school classes were provided.
T he ex tracu rricu la r progra m for ju nior h ig hschool students was coordinated by our Institute andimplemented with the cooperation of the Kyoto City
Board of Education. Experts from several f ields andcra f tspeople were invited a s lecturers. Link ing t heknowledge about kimono to the subjects taught at school,
the program aimed at encouraging the junior high school
students to look at kimono from different angles and witha scientific approach.
Research topics were provided for the Hakodate College
of Technology and for the Tennōji Junior High School
Attached to Osaka Kyōiku University. A lecture on the
textile products handled by Chiso and an explanation of adyeing technique known as okedashi shibori was imparted
to the Hakodate College of Technology. A kimono designer
and a dyeing craftsperson were sent as lecturers to the
Tennōji Junior High School Attached to Osaka Kyōiku
University. In addition, kimono, samples of dyed fabrics,
dyes, and dyeing tools were provided for practical lessons.
In the future, we expect to continue fostering thechildren’s thinking ability and creativity through further
experimental research projects.
T h i s proje c t wa s pre sente d at t he Japa n S T E M
Education Association Extended Symposium, the 23 rd
University Education Research Forum, the Okayama
University Graduate School CRE-Lab Creativity Forum
2023, and our Institute’s project briefing session.

Tsunagu—Educational Activities

Project members
Kato Yuriko

102［教育活動 2］w³~Ïmÿ

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[Educational activities 2]

Industry – Academia Collaboration Project: Survey on Late Modern
Period Documents of the Chiso Collection

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Summary
Chiso was one of the most important handlers of textile
products in Japan from the late 19 th to the early 20 th
century, and many documents related to manufacturing
and the human network of that time period are stillconserved. On the basis of a memorandum between Kyoto
University of the Arts and Chiso signed in FY2021, ourInstitute and the Cultural Heritage Studies Department of
this university have been conducting a joint survey aimed
at clarifying the features of these documents, while at thesame time training future specialists in cultural property
conservation. During FY2022 (the second year of thisproject), a survey of ezuri (sheets of paper imprinted withdesign patterns) used in the kata-yūzen technique datingfrom the early 20th century was conducted. Additionally,
the correspondence of Nishimura Sōzaemon XII, the headof Chiso from the late 19th to the early 20 th century, wasexamined. These activities were carried out as part of theregular course classes of the university.
As last year, the survey of ezuri was carried out by
students of the seminar of Associate Professor Masubuchi,
who photographed the ezuri and created survey data sheets.
The ezuri are collected in binders, each one containing
approximately 100 ezuri sheets. Each one of these sheets
has a motif printed on the front side. The back side has
inscriptions with details such as date, people’s names, andorderer. During the survey, the front and back of each

sheet were photographed. Additionally, after selecting the
sheets manufactured by Chiso, the measurements of each
sheet and the contents of the inscriptions were recorded
on a survey data sheet. This fiscal year, a total of 432 ezuri
sheets contained in 4 binders were photographed, and184 survey data sheets were created. The analysis of theinscriptions revealed that the surveyed ezuri sheets weremade between 1910 and 1925, and 6 people out of the 58
names recorded were identified as craftspeople in chargeof creating paper templates.
During the survey of the correspondence of Nishimura
Sōzaemon X II, 10 letters contained into 8 envelopes
were transcribed. Out of these, 3 envelopes were studied
as part of the university classes by students of Associate
Professor Kimura. After examining the original source
documents, the students transcribed their contents. Outof the 8 envelopes, one contained a letter written by
Nishimura Sōzaemon XII during the World's Columbian
Exposition held in Chicago in 1893. The other 7 envelopes
contained letters addressed to Nishimura Sōzaemon XII
by his biological father Mikuni Yūmin, by painters suchas Sakakibara Bunsui and Kubota Beisen, and by the
military official Tatsumi Naofumi. The analysis of theircontents clarified the activities of Nishimura Sōzaemon
XII during the Chicago World’s Fair, and revealed a partof his human network that was previously unknown. Thisfiscal year’s research results were presented during the“Industry – Academia Start-up Projects Results Briefing
Session FY2022” held on 29 April 2023 by the Kyoto
University of the Arts.

Tsunagu—Educational Activities

Project members
Oda Momoko, Masubuchi Mariya (Kyoto University of
the Arts), Kimura Emi (Kyoto University of the Arts)

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Lecture Series: The Sanjō-Muromachi area in Kyoto (Second Lecture)

Tsunagu—Educational Activities

Architecture and Life in the Kyomachiya of the Early Modern Period: An
Analysis of the Drawings of the Machiya of Chiso / the Nishimura Familyÿëÿ÷g1S~z×âùwr»Ogÿ2S{1ÿÿ
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ÿg| 3 0 ]1 ºóù´ó2 2 ]Lecturer: Ōba Osamu (Ritsumeikan University / Kyoto Prefectural University)
Time and Date: 16 February 2023 (Thursday) 14:00-16:00
Format: On-site and online
Venue: Chiso Building 5th Floor Hall

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Participants: 30 on-site, 22 online

ÿother contemporary machiya and traditional houses built
in Kyoto and elsewhere were introduced. Through thisanalysis, it became possible to visualize the architecturaland spatial features of the building recorded in the floor
plan. This article transcribes part of the content of thisspecial exhibition and lecture.
LecturerŌba Osamu
Professor, Ritsumeikan Universiy, Kinugasa Research
Organization / Professor Emeritus, Kyoto Prefectural
University
Doctor of Engineering. His book Kinsei kindai machiya
kenchiku shi ron (History of Machiya Architecture from the
Early Modern to the Late Modern Period) (Chūō Kōron
Bijutsu Shuppan, 2004) won the Best Paper Award of theArchitectural Institute of Japan. His book Kyomachiya
karute ga toku kyotojin ga shiranai Kyomachiya no sekai (TheKyomachiya World that People from Kyoto Do Not Know:
Analysis of Kyomachiya Karte) (Tankōsha, 2019) won theBest Book Award of the Architectural Institute of Japan.
Recent works include Kyoto manabiya no kenchikushi(History of School Architecture in Kyoto) (Kyoto Shinbun
Shuppan Sentā, 2019), Senryōka Nihon no chihō toshi –sesshū sareta jūtaku kenchiku to toshi kūkan (Provincial
Cities in Japan during the Occupation: Requisitioned
Houses, Buildings and Urban Space) (editor, Shibunkaku
Shuppan, 2021), Kyōtango-shi no machinami kenchiku (The
Urban Landscape and Architecture of Kyōtango City) (editor,
Kyōtango City, 2017), Kurashi no keikan Nihon to Chūgoku
no shūraku (Residential Landscapes: Settlements in Japanand China) (co-author, Rinsen Shoten, 2022), Nihon no
kenchiku bunka jiten (Dictionary of Japanese Architectural
Culture) (co-author, Maruzen Shuppan Kabushikigaisha,2020).

Tsunagu—Educational Activities

Summary
The Sanjō-Muromachi area in Kyoto has historically
been the base of Chiso’s activities. Several historicald o c u m e nt s h e l d i n t h e C h i s o a r c h i v e s s h o w t h erelationship bet ween Chiso and this area, its land,buildings and rituals. From the early modern period, thehead of Chiso was also involved in the administration of
the Mikurachō district in this area. These facts indicatethat the support of the local community was essential
for Chiso to develop its business throughout so many
years. The topic of this lecture series will be the analysis
of historical documents showing the relationship between
Chiso and the Sanjō-Muromachi area. Through thisanalysis, we will learn about Sanjō-Muromachi as the areathat supported Chiso’s business activities, and deepen our
understanding not only about Chiso but also about thelife of the surrounding city.
T he topic of t h is sec ond lec t u re is t he mach iya(townhouse) of the Edo period (1603 - 1868). Machiya
were used both as residences and as places for business,and they reflect a the know-how associated to a traditional
way of life. Kyomachiya, the machiya built in Kyoto, arecharacterized by occupying extremely narrow and deepsites. In spite of that, a boundless and expansive spaceis created inside these buildings. Kyomachiya can beinterpreted as a microcosmos ref lecting the traditional
sense of beauty of the people of Kyoto. Although Chiso
currently occupies a modern building, until before thewar it occupied a kyomachiya facing Sanjō street. Professor
Ōba Osamu, an expert on traditional houses and modern
architecture in Japan and Asia, was invited as a lecturer.
The lecture analyzed a reproduction of the floor plan of
the machiya that Chiso occupied in the early modern
period, as well as documents detailing the architectural
specifications of this building. Additionally, examples of

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