Summary of Terminal Evaluation
1. Outline of the ProjectCountry: Myanmar

Project title: The Project on Rural Water Supply Technology in theCentral Dry Zone

Issue/Sector:Cooperation scheme: Technical cooperation

Water resource development
Division in charge：

Total cost: 606 Million Japanese Yen

Global Environment Department
Period ofNovember 2006 - Partner Country’s Implementing agencies: Department ofCooperation

October 2009

Development Affairs (DDA)
Supporting Organization in Japan:
Related Cooperation: Grad aid assistance, Development Study

1 Background of the Project
The central dry zone of the Union of Myanmar (hereinafter referred to as “the Myanmar”) is a subtropicalsemi-arid zone. Annual rainfall in the zone is 400-800 millimeter and most of the rain is concentrated from
May to October. The residents of many villages in the zone mainly depend on reservoirs where rain iscollected for daily water use and when the water level of the reservoirs falls very low in the middle of the dry
season, they have to go to wells several kilometers away to fetch water. To overcome such a situation,
thousands of wells were formerly constructed by the Myanmar Government and international organizations.
However, many of the wells constructed in the past have already been broken.
The Government of Myanmar has planned and implemented various rural water supply projects, and one of
the efforts is “A Ten Year Project for Rural Water Supply by Development Committees of Sagaing, Magwayand Mandalay Divisions (From 2000-2001 to 2009-2010)”.
Under these circumstances, the Government of Myanmar requested the Government of Japan to provide
technical cooperation for further enhancing managerial and technical capacity of DDA staff. Based on therequest of the Government of Myanmar, the Project on Rural Water Supply Technology in the Central DryZone (hereinafter referred to as “the Project”) has been implemented since November 2006, based on theRecord of Discussions, signed on 7th September 2006, between the Japan International Cooperation Agency(hereinafter referred to as “JICA”) and the Government of the Union of Myanmar.
1.2 Project Overview
The technical cooperation on well construction, repair, operation and maintenance will be implemented toenhance the capacity of DDA on water supply for the people in central dry zone.
(1) Overall goal:
The number of villages in the Central Dry Zone with access to safe drinking water is increased.
(2) Project purpose:
Capacity for construction, repair and maintenance of water supply facilities in the Central Dry Zone isi

strengthened.
(3) Outputs:
1) Advanced technology for construction of rural water supply facilities is transferred.
2) Advanced technology for rehabilitation of deep tube well is transferred.
3) Advanced techniques for maintenance and monitoring of water supply are transferred.
1.3 Input
Japanese side: 606 Million Yen in total
Experts: 74.12MM in 10 fields

Equipment: 278 Million Japanese Yen

Local cost: 31.14Million Japanese Yen
Trainees received in Japan: 9 counterparts (Short-term training)
Myanmar side:
Counterpart: 76 from DDA head office, Division offices and Township offices
Local Cost: Approximately 26Million Japanese Yen for materials for field work and construction ofmaintenance workshop in Nyaung U
2 Evaluation TeamMembers of (1) Mr. Kazuo Sudo (Leader), Senior Advisor, Global Environment Department, JICA
Evaluation(2) Mr. Katsuhito Yoshida, Senior Advisor, Global Environment Department, JICA

Team(3) Mr. Akio Endo, Water Resources Management Division I, Water Resources and Disaster
Management Group, Global Environment Department, JICA
(4) Mr. Kaneyasu Ida, Senior Consultant, Inter-works Co., Ltd

Period ofOctober 8 - 22, 2009

Type of Evaluation：Terminal evaluation

Evaluation
3 Results of Evaluation
3.1 Achievements of the Project
The main achievements of the Project in accordance with the Project Design Matrix are shown in the tablebelow:
Indicators
Achievements
Project Purpose: Capacity for construction, repair and maintenance of water supply facilities is strengthened.
Compilation of lessons learned andNine types of printed material (textbook, manuals and data books) weregood practices
produced. Good practices and lessons learned were incorporated in thesematerials.
Capacity development of theFifty six counterparts were the primary target for capacity development. Incounterpart personnel
June 2009, the Project conducted Terminal evaluation of the counterparts in 6fields. Twenty four counterparts were graded as A (80%<), 39 counterparts
were graded as B (60 - 80%) and 10 counterparts were graded as C (40 60%). (Some counterparts took tests in different fields, so the cumulative
number of the counterparts evaluated was 73.) The Project also evaluated theperformance of the three drilling teams. Their performances were graded asA.
4) Output 1: Advanced technology for construction of rural water supply facilities is transferred.
More than 20 deep tube wells are The Project successfully constructed 20 deep tube wells, providing well water
drilled and over 16 thousand people to 16,700 people (104% of the target population). Yet, 3 wells did not meetcan have access to safe drinking the required standards on water quality. Therefore, the population that hadii

water from these wells.

gained access to safe drinking water turned out to be 13,900 people (86.9% of
the target population).

More than 34 DDA staff members
receive technical training.

Six batches of Geophysical survey training were conducted, participated in by
48 counterparts in cumulative total. Five batches of training on drilling wereconducted, participated in by 91 counterparts in cumulative total.
Output 2: Advanced technology for rehabilitation of deep tube well is transferred.
The project examined and diagnosed 40 targeted, existing deep tube wells. As
More than 40 deep tube wells area result, the Project rehabilitated 29 wells while 11 wells were diagnosed asrehabilitated and over 50 thousand
unusable. Then, DDA replaced five of the eleven wells by drilling new wells.
people can have access to safe
In terms of water supply, the Project achieved 85.9% of the target population
drinking water from these wells.
of 50,000. Yet, 7 wells did not meet the required standards on water quality.
Therefore, the population that had gained access to safe drinking water turned
out to be 40,571 people (86.9% of the target population).
More than 37 DDA staff members
Five batches of training on rehabilitation were conducted, participated in byreceive technical training.
57 counterparts in cumulative total. Five batches of training on drilling wereconducted, participated in by 91 counterparts in cumulative total.
Output 3: Advanced techniques for maintenance and monitoring of water supply are transferred.
Manuals for villagers and DDA staff Two sets of technical manual and maintenance & monitoring manual wereon maintenance and monitoringproduced for Village Water Committee (VWC) as well as DDA staff.
More than 37 DDA staff members Four batches of training on maintenance and monitoring were conducted,
are trained through activities.
participated in by 52 counterparts in cumulative total.
More than 120 villagers from VWCs The Project organized a series of one day training to VWC executive
receive technical training.
members. The total number of the participants was 244.
Other achievements
 The Project conducted baseline and end line surveys.
 The Project publicized its activities through the website and distribution of newsletter and calendar. The Projectproduced a poster to promote the use of well water. JICA The Project also received press tours organized by JICA
Myanmar Office.
 Technology transfer seminars were organized three times, participated by DDA staff and VWC members.

3.2 Summary of Evaluation Results(1) Relevance
The Project's relevance is judged as very high. The Government of Myanmar was implementing “A Ten
Year Project for Rural Water Supply by Development Committees of Sagaing, Magway and Mandalay
Divisions (2000/2001 - 2009/2010)”. Advanced technology for drilling deep tube wells was necessary tofully achieve the goal. The need for technologies for rehabilitation of existing wells was also strongly felt
by DDA as an increasing number of deep tube wells were constructed. The Project corresponded to theneed of the villagers in the target areas where they suffered severe water shortage more than three monthsa year.
(2) Effectiveness
The Project's effectiveness is judged as high. The Project successfully constructed 20 and rehabilitated 29
deep tube wells. Almost all of the wells satisfied the water volume of 1500 Gallon per hour, whish is
sufficient to cover all the households in the average-sized village. As a result of the Project, 54,471people
gained access to safe drinking water. In accordance with the indicators of PDM, the Project achieved thetarget populations of 86.9% for new wells and 81.1% for rehabilitated wells. Neighboring villages inproximity to the rehabilitated wells also gained access to safe drinking water. Therefore, it is accepted thatiii

the Project almost achieved the targeted numbers. Through practical training and trial and error in thefield, the technical capacity of the counterparts has been significantly strengthened. several counterparts
are able to act as supervisors in respective fields. The maintenance workshop can function as thebackstopping for other teams. Almost all the VWCs have been well developed in terms of organization,technical and administrative functions, financial management. This indicates good support functions of
the maintenance and monitoring team. The Project has also helped DDA develop its organizational
capacity in the following aspects:
Collaboration among the teams has been strengthened as they have learned the importance and merits ofcollaborating with other teams through OJTDDA has understood the importance of rehabilitation and O&M and plans to increasingly invest in theseactivities and develop an organizational capacity of DDA for rehabilitation and maintenance workshop.
The Project raised the issue of ensuring water quality. DDA is now committed to check the water qualityof newly constructed deep tube wells.
(3) Efficiency
The Project's effectiveness is judged as very high. DDA assigned competent counterparts for the Project
and they stationed in the project office during the stay of the expert team and exclusively engaged in theProject activities. They also continued their assigned work while the expert team was not in Myanmar.
This arrangement is a factor facilitating project progress.

Various equipment for construction of wellfacilities, repair and operation and maintenance was made in the maintenance workshop constructed by
DDA along with this project. This contributed to the project to effectively deal with the field needs. The
equipment provided in the earlier JICA projects (grant aid and development study projects) was properly
managed and this made the Project possible to implement some of the project components at an earlier
stage of the project period. The Japanese expert team was well experienced, composed of a consultant
firm and a Japanese NGO. The Japanese NGO had been actively supporting the villages in the target area;
therefore, it has good knowledge and understandings of local conditions, and rapport with the villagers.
This helped the Project identify drilling sites and mobilize local support in an efficient manner. Delays in
the arrival of some equipment slowed down project progress. However, The expert team and counterparts
made good effort to make up for the delays by rearranging their work and continuously working while theexpert team was not in Myanmar.
(4) Impact
The Project's effectiveness is judged as very high. One of the anticipated attribution of the Project is “The
number of villages in the central dry zone which does not have access to safe drinking water is reduced byhalf (by 2015, the target year of MDGs)”. The advanced technologies to construct deep tube wells werevitally important to fully achieve the goal and the Project significantly contributed to helping DDA toachieve the target. In fact, the counterparts constructed 5 and rehabilitated 6 new deep tube wells without
the Project's technical assistance.
The results of the baseline and end line surveys and interviews to villagers by the evaluation team show
positive socio-economic impacts such as the reduced time for water fetching, reduction in the incidents ofiv

diarrhea, dysentery and skin diseases, increased water consumption of the poor households. Some VWCs
also started microfinance by lending out a portion of their savings.
The following is the other prospective impacts of the Project:
The Project helped DDA increasingly pay attention to rehabilitation and O&M. It is expectedthat DDA would take measures to strengthen these activities.

Many of the counterparts were sent from several divisions and township offices of DDA for theProject. They are expected to introduce transferred techniques and new practices to other DDA
staff and their divisions and townships.

The maintenance workshop is expected to improve its capacity and function as the central
maintenance workshop for repair works of DDA equipment and machinery, as well as thebackstopping for the rehabilitation of water supply facilities.

The Project has developed learning materials and conducted achievement tests. Therefore, DDA
can continuously organize training programs after the Project. There are more than 200
engineers in the three divisions who can be candidates for refresher training. Also, theachievement tests introduced by the Project can be used by DDA to assess and standardize thecapacity of its engineers.

(5) Sustainability
The Project's effectiveness is judged as high. Rural water supply in central dry zone is one of the key
strategies of the Government of Myanmar. Therefore, it is expected that policy support from DDA will beconsistent. The organizational setting would be secured for geophysical survey, drilling and maintenance& monitoring teams. Yet, it is not clear for rehabilitation and maintenance workshop because DDA has not
yet formulated plans for these fields of activities. The financial sustainability is positive as DDA iscommitted to secure and increase a budget for new construction and rehabilitation work. The availabilityof spare parts and instruments had been a concern for DDA. The Project helped DDA communicate with a
distributor in Thailand. DDA is now able to procure spare parts through a trading company in Yangon
from the distributor. The prospect of sustainability appears to be positive.

Well ledger is made by DDA

to collect well information and to make the construction/ repair plan of well facilities. Training programfor DDA staff is required for distribution of technical capacity. The VWCs have the trained executive
members in O&M, regularly monitoring their facilities and communicating with the DDA's townshipoffices. Water fee collection rate is 100% for almost all the VWCs. The VWCs need to secure a budget forcontingency such as the renewal of engine and spare parts.
3.3 The positive factor for the project achievement- Smooth and effective technical transfer was done based on DDA’s high commitment such as funding andstaff assignment.
- Project was implemented efficiently by utilizing knowledge, experience and equipments of Japan andMyanmar sides based on the past results of JICA project implementation.

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3.4 The negative factor against the project achievement- Although there was delay of procurement, the ifluence was small because DDA staffs continued theirassigned work while the expert team was not in Myanmar- The number of repaired wells did not reach the project index because some target wells were identified
as “impossible to be repaired” by well diagnosis.
3.5 Conclusions
The relevance is judged as very high as the Project was clearly in line with the Government policy andmeeting the strong needs of the local residents. The Project has achieved most of the targets andsuccessfully produced a group of competent engineers and managers who can apply the transferredtechnologies. The Project was implemented efficiently by good efforts made by both sides regardless ofthe delayed delivery of some equipment and spare parts. The prospect of impact is high as the transferredtechnologies would greatly contribute to the realization of the Government policy of providing access tosafe drinking water for all the villages. The overall sustainability of the transferred technologies is high,yet rehabilitation needs to be further reinforced as data collection and planning is still in progress. Most of
the VWCs manage their facilities well, but they need to prepare for the future renewal of engine and otherexpenses. The Project has achieved its objectives; therefore, the evaluation team concludes that the Project
could be terminated as scheduled.
3.6 Recommendations
The terminal evaluation team recommends that DDA should take the following actions to achieve theProject's overall goal : To introduce standard procedures to ensure the safety of well water and promote awareness amongvillagers
 To formulate an implementation plan to develop the maintenance workshop into the central
maintenance workshop
 To follow up with the counterparts who were graded as B or C rank by the Terminal evaluation andencourage them to continuously upgrade their technical skills to reach A rank
 To regularly conduct refresher training program to upgrade technical capabilities of the DDA staff
who did not participate in the Project To periodically organize training for newly elected members to maintain the technical and managerial
capacity of the VWCs To develop an elaborate rehabilitation plan (including staff and budget allocation) and implement
rehabilitation activities in a systematic way.

3.7 Lessons learned
The expert team trained the counterparts and then the counterparts assisted the VWCs in developing
their managerial and technical capacities. This approach proved to be effective to ensure thesustainability of the VWCs.

To develop capacity of several organizations, considering the relationshipvi

of related organizations is important for sustainability of the project.
 The target number of the deep tube wells to be rehabilitated was set before the commencement of theProject. The actual, possible number of the wells to be rehabilitated can be quantified only afterdiagnosis. To set an appropriate indicator, the Project should have assessed the possibility ofrehabilitation at an earlier stage of the project duration and set an appropriate indicator.Experience andknowledge of BAJ is utilized for selecting target sites and building relationship with villagers.
Cooperation with NGOs which have experiences in local areas will be beneficial to implement
projects related to local culture.

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