OIL SPILL RESPONSE LIMITEDLESSONS FROM MACONDO – HOW BETTERPREPARED ISTHE INDUSTRY NOW?

PAJ OIL SPILL WORKSHOP
28TH NOVEMBER 2018

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LESSONS FROM MACONDO – HOW BETTERPREPARED IS THE INDUSTRY NOW?
Ho Yew Weng

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April 20th 2010

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Response Limited.
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In Monetary Terms

Total cost of the disaster estimatedat US$61 Billion© Copyright 2015.
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Response Limited.
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ResponseLimited.

44Facts and Figures> Spill Source: Macondo Well
> Location: Gulf of Mexico, USA.
> Date: 20 April 2010

> Reason: subsea blowout and rig explosion> Oil: 5,000,000 bbl crude oil estimated> Sensitivities: Industry, ecology, fishing,

livelihood, politics...

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Facts and Figures> 35 API oil> High evaporation rates> High asphaltenes> Oil weathering during surfacing> Emulsification of oil> High level of dispersion - subsea and surface / natural> Low level of oil shoreline impact in comparison toreported volume spilled© Copyright 2015.
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66

Scale of Response> 48,000 Responders

Uncertainty
U.S.A.

> 6,500 VOO

LightMedium

MISSISSIPPI

MobileGulfport

Beached oilHeavy
ALABAMABiloxi
20 km

New
Orleans> 150 Aircraft

LOUISIANA> 2 FPSO’s

Gulf Islands National
Seashore IBA*
Chandeleurs Islands
IBA*

Gulf of Mexico
Delta NationalWildlife Refuge> Multiple Agencies

Pass-a-Loutre WMA**> International InvolvementSources: U.S. Coast Guard, BP, NOAA

20 milesImportant bird
population
areas at risk

Deepwater Horizon
Oil rig caught fireon April 20 after an
explosion; sank onApril 22* Important Bird Areas ** Wildlife Management Area

- Unified Command© Copyright 2015.
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Response Limited.
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77Assets at Site
DISCOVERER
ENTERPRISE

500 m Safety Zone

Containment

DEVELOPMENTDRILLER IISIMULTANEOUS
OPERATIONSOVERVIEW

500 m Safety Zone
500 m Safety Zone

Q4000

Drilling Relief Well 2

DEVELOPMENTDRILLER IIITop Kill VesselDrilling Relief Well 1TYPES OF VESSELS:ROVS: INSTALLINGACOUSTICTRANSPONDERSFOR ROV SUBSEAPOSITIONINGREFERENCINGMAJOR VESSELSPREPARING FOR TOP
KILL OPERATIONROVS: HOLDING THE
SUBSEA DISPERSANTINJECTION SPRAY
BOOM INTO THE
PLUME & TRENCHMONITORINGCONSTRUCTIONVESSELS
ROVS: AT PLUME
MONITORING & ON RIT
INTERFACE PANELROVS: PRESSURE
MEASUREMENT &VISUAL MONITORING
OF LEAK PLUME

MANIFOLD

CAPPED DRILL PIPE

RISER INSERTION TOOLSUPPORT BOATSSKIMMING
BOOMING &DISPERSANTVESSELS

WET PARKED TOP HAT© Copyright 2015.
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88Oil Spill Response Plans
What Went Well
♦ Despite themagnitude andintense pressure theResponse System
functioned well

Top 3
Recommendations♦ Speed of Ramping up♦ Plan Content / Structure- calculating worst casedischarge♦ Coordination withRegulatory Agencies© Copyright 2015.
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99

Oil Sensing & Tracking
What Went Well
What WentWell♦ Surface
oil wassuccessfully♦ Despitetrackedthedetected,magnitude
andandmodeled.
intense pressure
Subsurface
oil
the Response
tracking
was lessSystem
successful
functioned well

Top 3
Top 3
Recommendations
Recommendations♦ Advance Methodology♦ for
Speedof Rampingupremotesensing of
subsurface oil♦Content/ Structure♦ PlanImproveconnectivity
of- sensing
calculating
worst
case
data/ trajectory
discharge
modeling♦ Expand new♦technology
Coordination
e.g.with
ROV
Regulatory Agencies© Copyright 2015.
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1010

Use of Dispersants
What Went Well

♦ Dispersant use
prevented
significant
What Went
Welloiling of sensitive
shoreline
habitats♦ Despitethe- Thecapability
ismagnitude
andbasedon pressure
the past
intensedecades’improvement
the Response
Systemfunctioned well

Top 2
Recommendations♦ Need Common
Understanding on- Risks / Benefits- Safety / Effectiveness♦ Research on behavior /long term fate ofdispersed oil in watercolumn & whendispersants are appliedat sea floor© Copyright 2015.
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Response Limited.
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1111

In Situ Burning
What Went Well
♦ Valuable componentof this Response- Due to research andregulatory changesof the past 20 years

Top 2
Recommendations♦ Focus research onboom performance♦ Educate / publicize
advantages andbenefits of in situ
burning as a Response
strategy© Copyright 2015.
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Response Limited.
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Mechanical Recovery Systems
What Went Well
♦ Assets mobilized
effectively, relatively
well organizedresponse♦ Adequate local
storage capacity

Top 3
Recommendations♦ Continue boom /skimmer design♦ Need to maximize
encounter rate: tacticaluse of booms, aerial
surveillance♦ Develop ability tofunction in higher seastates / current© Copyright 2015.
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Response Limited.
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1313

Shoreline Cleanup / Protection
What Went Well
♦ Resources wererapidly deployed andan aggressive
shoreline protection
and cleanup program
was mounted

Top 3
Recommendations♦ Increase number oftrained Responders♦ Strengthen Command
and Control for acooperative joint effort♦ Accept limitations ofbooming© Copyright 2015.
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Response Limited.
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1414

Alternative Technologies
What Went Well
♦ An active program
solicited and field
tested innovative
alternative technologies♦ Success stories
included- The Big Gulp Skimmer- Dispersants to dissipate
concentration of VOC- Subsea injection ofdispersant

Top 2
Recommendations♦ Continue support ofinnovations♦ Develop a clear process
and responsibleorganization to deal withideas© Copyright 2015.
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Response Limited.
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1515

Macondo – Impact
While the technical response to Macondo waseffective (at least from an industry perspective),
the incident- Cast industry in a very negative light (again)- Highlighted deficiencies in government regulations- Raised concern about industry capability torespond to E&P incidents© Copyright 2015.
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Response Limited.
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1616

Montara in Australia (2009)

West Atlas© Copyright 2015.
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1717

Global Industry Response GroupPREVENTIONINTERVENTIONOIL SPILLRESPONSE

MUTUAL AID

OGP’s Wells Expert
Committee

Subsea Well
Response Project

Joint Industry
Project

OGP Mutual Aid
Framework

Oil spill response
preparedness andcapability

Guiding principles
for initiating amutual aid
arrangement

Well engineering
design and welloperations
management

Design a capping
toolbox with a range ofequipment to allow
wells to be shut in
Design additional
hardware for thesubsea injection ofdispersant
Assess and implement
deployment option
Further assess theneed for and feasibilityof global containment
solutions

Governments, regulators, NOIA, OSROs, contractors and industry initiatives© Copyright 2015.
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Response Limited.
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1818

OSPRAG Capping Device
Design> 15,000 psi rated equipment;> 250 degF temp rating;> Water depth up to 5,500ft (1,670m)> Handle 75 KBD of fluids;> Configured for H2S service;> 1 year continuous immersion on
any single application;> 20 year design life

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1919

Subsea Incident Response Toolkit> Subsea application of dispersant at
a wellhead:- Safer surface working conditions forResponders- Enhances the degradation of the oil

DISPERSANT SYSTEM> Toolkits include:- Tools for site surveys- Debris clearing equipment- Distribution manifold and dispersantwands- BOP intervention equipment

DEBRIS CLEARANCE© Copyright 2015.
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2020

Standardised capping platform
ChokeConnector

Flow LineConnector

AcousticTransponder

4 outlets with
Dual 5 1/8”
15k Gate Valves

ROV PanelLower Connector© Copyright 2015.
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Response Limited.
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2121

Well Containment Toolkit (one Leg)DP Drill Ship

DP tanker offloadingequipment,transfer pumps & coolers

Coil Tubing
VesselToolkit supplements standard
industry well test hardware
CTTH
LMRP

Flowspool &subsea test
tree latch

Capping Stack

Flowline End Termination
FLET

BOP

BOP

CDA

Flow-Spool
Flexible
Flowline

Flexible Jumpers &Flowlines© Copyright 2015.
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Response Limited.
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ChemicalDistribution
Assembly2222

Offset Installation Equipment (OIE)
Buoyancy
elements

Cardanjoint

Buoyancytank
Capping stack© Copyright 2015.
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2323

Offset Installation Equipment© Copyright 2015.
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2424

Equipment Locations

Storage locationfor OIE

Capping Stack 15K
Capping Stack 10K
Dispersant System Toolbox
Flexibles
Pumps & Coolers
Hose End Valve
Chemical Distribution
Assembly
Floating Hoses
Flow Line End Termination
Flowspool
Subsea Connectors
Flowline Swivels
Flowline Lifting Tools© Copyright 2015.
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2525

Global Dispersant Stockpile
Stockpile amount and locations –5000 cu.m.
Type
Dasic Slickgone NS
Finasol 52Finasol 52
Dasic Slickgone NS
Finasol 52
Finasol 52
Corexit EC9500A
Corexit EC9500A

Quantity (m3)5005003503501500800500500Location
OSRL Base UK Southampton
OSRL Base UK Southampton
OSRL Base Singapore
OSRL Base Singapore
Supplier Warehouse – Europe
OSRL Base South Africa
Florida / Texas USABrazi© Copyright 2015.
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2626

Boeing 727 -252F Jet
New aerial dispersant spraying platform© Copyright 2015.
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2727

Subsea Spill Modeling& Satellite Imagery
Current

Entrained
Water
Gas Hydrate© Copyright 2015.
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Individual
Oil Drops
BuoyantPlume

TerminalLayerJet2828

Strategic Alliance Partners> Trendsetter and Boots & Coots – Capping andContainment preparedness, operations, deployment
support● Agreement has been signed and is operational.
> Saipem – OIE preparedness, operations, deployment
support● Currently being developed> Oceaneering – SIRT preparedness, operations,deployment support● Currently being developed© Copyright 2015.
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2929

Strategic Alliance Partners
Other Agreements being developed> Genesis O&G – Containment preparedness,operations, deployment support> Inocean – Containment preparedness, operations,deployment support;> Delmar –Capping & Containment preparedness,operations, deployment support;> Freight Forwarders to support logistics© Copyright 2015.
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Response Limited.
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3030

Air Freightable Capping Stack(AFCS)
Members Request
Capping Stacks to be air freightablefor faster response
AFCS Project
Objective
Provide a capability to airfreight the15K PSI capping devices in an
assembled configuration using an
AntonovAN-124 aircraft© Copyright 2015.
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3131

Air Freightable Capping Stack(AFCS)

AFCS Project● Task Force formed late 2017
● Fabrication completed in July 2018
● Integration testing completed August.
● Reviews completed with lifting
specialist, crane company andtransportation firm.
● Load Master sign off completed.
● Demonstration exercise took place
August in Stavanger© Copyright 2015.
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Limited.

3232

AFCS Video
Air Freightable
Capping Stack© Copyright 2015.
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3333

Looking Forward ...
● What will not change- The Tiered Response Philosophy- Importance of Dispersants- Working Closely with Governments© Copyright 2015.
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3434

Looking Forward ...
● What Needs to be Considered- Resources for a Credible Loss of Well Scenario- Ensure all tools are in the toolkit- Source Capping and Storage- Access to International Resources- Incident Management System© Copyright 2015.
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Response Limited.
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3535

A New Paradigm?
Exxon Valdez
Macondoled to significant
will have a similarchanges in the way
impact on the way
the shipping industry
E&P manages theTotal
cost forofand
the disasterestimatedpreparedpreparedness
andresponded
oilresponse to wellattoUS$61
Billionspillscontrol spills,
especially in deepwater© Copyright 2015.
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Response Limited.
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3636

Thank You© Copyright 2015.
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Response Limited.
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Limited.

3737