Toon Boom Harmony 12.1
Play GuideLegal Notices
Toon Boom Animation Inc.
4200 Saint-Laurent, Suite 1020
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
H2W 2R2
Tel: +1 514 278 8666
Fax: +1 514 278 2666
toonboom.com
Disclaimer
The content of this guide is covered by a specific limited warranty and exclusions and limit of liability under theapplicable License Agreement as supplemented by the special terms and conditions for Adobe®Flash® File
Format (SWF). For details, refer to the License Agreement and to those special terms and conditions.
The content of this guide is the property of Toon Boom Animation Inc. and is copyrighted.
Any reproduction in whole or in part is strictly prohibited.
Trademarks
Harmony is a trademark of Toon Boom Animation Inc.
Publication Date
2015-08-07
Copyright © 2015 Toon Boom Animation Inc. All rights reserved.

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Harmony 12.1 Play Guide

Contents
Toon Boom Harmony 12.1 Play Guide

1

Contents

3

Chapter 1: Using Toon Boom Play

4

Starting Toon Boom Play

5

About Toon Boom Play

6

Loading an Image Sequence

8

Toon Boom Play Playback Toolbar

11

Toon Boom Play Commands

13

Glossary

17

3Chapter 1: Using Toon Boom Play

Chapter 1: Using Toon Boom PlayThe Toon Boom Play module is designed specifically for playing back and viewing animated projects once they
have been rendered out into image sequences.
This module opens directly from your program menu to load your final render. It's also used when playing backa scene with effects in Harmony.
This section is divided as follows:
Starting Toon Boom Play

5

About Toon Boom Play

6

Loading an Image Sequence

8

Toon Boom Play Playback Toolbar

11

Toon Boom Play Commands

13

4Harmony 12.1 Play Guide

Starting Toon Boom Play
Before using Toon Boom Play, you must start the program. You can run the software on Mac OS X or
Windows/Linux operating systems. You can start Toon Boom Play from within Harmony to play back your scene,and see the effects and final images.
How to start Toon Boom Play
1. Do one of the following:l

In Harmony, select Play > Render and Play or in the Playback toolbar, click the Render and Playbutton.

lWindows: Start > Programs > Harmony 12.1 [Edition] > Playl

Mac OS X: Applications > Toon Boom Harmony 12.1 [Edition] > PlaylLinux: /usr/local/ToonBoomAnimation/harmony_12/lnx86_64/bin/Play

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Chapter 1: Using Toon Boom Play

About Toon Boom PlayThe Toon Boom Play interface is composed of two main components.

Top Menu
In the top menu are all the necessary commands for loading and previewing image sequences.
The top menu is divided as follows:llWindows/Linux

l

File

l

View

l

Play

l

Help

Mac OS Xl

Mac OS X Play

l

File

l

View

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Harmony 12.1 Play Guide

l

Play

l

Help

NOTE: For more information on the commands in these menus, seeToon Boom Play Commands on page 13.

Playback Toolbar

The Playback toolbar, located at the bottom of the player interface, lets you play an animation, loop playback,navigate through frames and change the playback speed.

NOTE: For more information about the interface elements on this toolbar, see Toon Boom Play Playback Toolbar on
page 11.

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Chapter 1: Using Toon Boom Play

Loading an Image Sequence
Loading image sequences is a common operation.
How to load an image sequence from a folder
1. From the top menu, select File > Load from Folder.
The Find Directory dialog box opens.
2. Select the folder that contains the image sequence to load.
3. Click OK.
The Load Playback dialog box opens.

4. Click one of the following:‣

Select All: To select all the files in the list.

‣

Select Loaded: To reload images that are already loaded in the player.

‣

Select Changed: To reload only the images that were modified since they were loaded.

‣

Select Unloaded: To load all the images in the list that are not currently loaded in the player.

‣

Select an option from the Filter Current Selection menu to select a series of frames from the ones
selected. For example, to load one of six frames instead of the entire sequence, select Keep 1
Frame Out of 6 from the drop-down menu.

5. In the Load At menu, select the image resolution. To load images faster, or to fit them on your screen,load the images at a lower resolution.

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Harmony 12.1 Play Guide

6. Click Load to load the selected images.
7. Once the images are loaded, click the Playbutton to play back your image sequence.

How to load an image sequence from the database
1. From the top menu, select File > Load from Database. Note that Harmony Essentials cannot connect to a
database. This option is only for Harmony Advanced and Harmony Premium.
The Database selector dialog box opens.
2. Select the environment, job, scene and element in which your frames are located.
3. Select one or more frames to load.
4. Click Open.
The Load Playback dialog box opens.
5. Click one of the following:‣

Select All: To select all the files in the list.

‣

Select Loaded: To reload images that are already loaded in the player.

‣

Select Changed: To reload only the images that were modified since they were loaded.

‣

Select Unloaded: To load all the images in the list that are not currently loaded in the player.

‣

Select an option from the Filter Current Selection menu to select a series of frames from the ones
selected. For example, to load one of six frames instead of the entire sequence, select Keep 1 Frame
Out of 6 from the drop-down menu.

6. In the Load At menu, select the image resolution. To load images faster, or to fit them on your screen, load
the images at a lower resolution.

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Chapter 1: Using Toon Boom Play

7. Click Load to load the selected images.
8. Once the images are loaded, click the Play10

button to play back your image sequence.

Harmony 12.1 Play Guide

Toon Boom Play Playback Toolbar
Using the Playback toolbar (located at the bottom of the player interface), you can play your animation, loop
playback, navigate through frames and change the playback speed.

Playback Toolbar Interface
Interface Element

Name

ActionFrame slider

Scrolls forwards or throughthe playback frames.

First

Sets the current frame tothe first frame of the loaded
image sequence.

Play Backward

Plays the animation fromthe current frame to thefirst frame.

Stop

Stops playback.

Play Forward

Plays the animation fromthe current frame to the last
frame.

Last

Plays your sound frame-byframe. This command is
only available when theapplication is launched from
Harmony.

Loop

Repeats the scene when it
reaches the last frame during playback.

Sound

Includes the soundtrack during playback. This command is only available when
the application is launchedfrom Harmony.

Sound Scrubbing

Plays your sound frame-byframe. This command is
only available when theapplication is launched from
Harmony.

Start Frame

Enter a new value to control
the starting frame of theplayback range.

11Chapter 1: Using Toon Boom PlayInterface Element

Name

ActionStop Frame

Enter a new value to control
the end frame of the playback range.

FPS

Enter a new value (in frames
per second) in this field tochange the playback speed.

Preroll

Select the Preroll option
and enter the number ofblank frames. These frames
will be added at the start ofthe playback.

Scale

Displays the ratio of theplayback size you are currently viewing in Toon
Boom Play compared to theimage’s actual size.

12Harmony 12.1 Play Guide

Toon Boom Play Commands
File Commands
Command

ActionAccess Methods

Load From Folder

Opens the Find Directory
window where you can selectone or more images to load in
the player.

File > Load from Folder

Load From Database

If you are connected to the
Database, this command
opens the Database Selector
window where you can selectan image sequence to load in
the player.

File > Load from Database

Reload Frames

Opens the Load Playback
dialog box and indicates whichframes are loaded. You canselect the frames you want toreload. Use the Reload
File > Reload Framescommand to load frames thatare currently open in the player
and that were modified since
they were loaded.

Unload Frames

Opens the Unload Playback dialog box and indicates whichframes are loaded. You canFile > Unload Frames
select the frames you want tounload.

Quit Play

Exits the application.

Mac OS X: Mac OS X Play > Quit
Play.
Windows/Linux: File > Quit.

View Commands
Command

ActionZoom In

Zooms in on the loaded images
to view them closer. In thelower-right corner of the interface, you can see the relative
zoom level compared to theimage’s original resolution.

Zoom Out

Access Methods

View > Zoom In
Press Ctrl + =.

Zooms out of the loaded images
View > Zoom Out
to view them smaller. In the13Chapter 1: Using Toon Boom Play

Command

ActionAccess Methods

lower-right corner of the interface, you can see the relative
zoom level compared to theimage’s original resolution.

Press Ctrl + =.

Image

Displays the images in normal
mode with all their colours.

View > Image

Matte

Displays the image’s matte(alpha channel). All transparent
zones are displayed in black andall fully opaque zones are disView > Matte
played in white. Zones that aresemitransparent are displayed in
grey.

Loaded Files Properties

Opens the Loaded Files Properties dialog box. Displays theformat, path and resolution
information of each loaded
image.

View > Loaded Files Properties

Command

ActionAccess Methods

Plays the animation from thecurrent frame to the last
frame.

Play > Play Scene Forward

Play Scene Forward

Plays the animation from thecurrent frame to the first
frame.

Play > Play Scene Backward

Play Scene Backward

Stop

Stops playback.

Loop

Repeats the scene when it
reaches the last frame during
playback.

Start Frame

Controls the starting frame of Play > Start Framethe playback range. Opens the In the Playback toolbar, enterSet Start Frame dialog box.
values in the Start field.

Stop Frame

Controls the end frame of the Play > Stop Frame
playback range. Opens the Set In the Playback toolbar, enter
Stop Frame dialog box.
values in the Stop field.

Go to Frame

Sets your current frame to any

Play Commands

Play Forward

Play Backward

buttonbuttonPlay > Stop

14

Stop

buttonPlay > Loop
Loop

buttonPlay > Go to Frame

Harmony 12.1 Play Guide

Command

ActionAccess Methods

frame you input in the Go to
Frame dialog box.
Playback Speed

Changes the frame rate of theplayback. Opens the Set
Speed dialog box.

First Frame

Sets the current frame to thePlay >First Frame
first frame of the loaded image
Firstbuttonsequence.

Previous Frame

Sets the current frame to its
previous frame.

Play > Previous Frame

Next Frame

Sets the current frame to its
following frame.

Play > Next Frame

Sets the current frame to thelast frame of the image
sequence.

Play > Last Frame

Last Frame

Command

ActionAccess Methods

Online Help

Opens Toon Boom Online Help
where you can find useful
Help > Online Help
indexed and searchable informPress F1.
ation on the operation of theToon Boom Play module.

About

Opens the About window
which displays information
related to the application version.

Play > Playback Speed

LastbuttonHelp

15

Windows/Linux: Help > About
Mac OS X: This command islocated in the Mac OS X Playmenu.

Harmony 12.1 Play Guide

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Harmony 12.1 Play Guide

Glossaryalpha channel

An image channel that carries transparency information. An image already has
three channels: red, green and blue (RGB). The alpha channel is the fourthchannel (RGBA). The matte, or the transparency information, is stored in thisfourth channel. An image without an alpha channel is always opaque.

animatic

A movie with sound that is developed from the storyboard. The storyboard
panel is exposed for the duration of the scene and at times, the characters areplaced on a trajectory to indicate motion. The camera moves are also
animated. The animatic is used to determine the rhythm of a project andprovides a good overview of the project before beginning production.

animation

A simulation of movement created by displaying a series of pictures or frames.

anime

An animation style known for its sinister and dark feel; popular in Japan.

arc

Action rarely occurs in a straight-forward manner; rather it typically unfolds inwhat storytellers refer to as an arc. The purpose of a story arc is to move acharacter or situation from one state or scenario to the next.

aspect ratio

The relationship between the width and height dimensions for any scene,
frame or film format. Television ratio is 4:3 and widescreen ratio is 16:9.

auto-feed

An automated method of feeding drawings into a scanner in which multiple
drawings are stacked into a sheet feeder. When the scanner is activated, thedrawings are scanned consecutively, without further user intervention.

automatic lip-sync detection

Automatically mapping drawings in an element to the mouth chart generated
for a sound. This can save time when lip-syncing a voice track.
An imaginary line around which an object rotates.

axis

For 2D graphics, there are two axes: X (horizontal and Y (vertical).
For 3D graphics, there are three axes: X (horizontal, Y (vertical) and Z (depth).

background

The part of a scene that is farthest to the rear. The background is the artwork,or decor, against which the animation takes place.

Bézier

A method of defining curved lines invented by French mathematician Pierre
Bézier. A Bézier curve is a mathematical or parametric curve. Bézier curves use
at least three points to define a curve.

bitmapAn image composed of pixels with a single resolution (size). If it is enlarged
too much, it will lose definition and pixels will begin to appear. This is known
as pixelation.
In cut-out animation, breakdown is the action of breaking a character into
pieces to create a puppet with articulations. To break down a character, theartist cuts parts, such as the hands and arms, from the character's model andpastes them in separate layers. Next, the joints are fixed and the pivots set.

breakdown
In traditional animation, a breakdown is an animation pose generally foundbetween two key poses. The key poses are the main poses in an animationand the breakdowns are secondary poses, ones that help describe the motion
and the rotation curve (usually referred to as an arc).

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camera shake

Camera shake occurs in a scene when the camera moves slightly and quickly inseveral directions. This gives the impression of an impact, vibration or, forexample, bumps on the road.

captionA text field containing dialogue, effects, sound, or slugging information in astoryboard.

cel

In traditional animation, a cel (also known as celluloid) is a transparent sheeton which the animation is inked and painted before being sent to the camera.
The picture's outline is drawn on the front of the cel and then coloured along
the back.
In Harmony, a cel is an individual space in an Xsheet column from which you can
expose a drawing or a function's coordinate.

character design

Each character in an animated film is drawn from multiple angles in posterstyle format, called a model sheet, which serves as a reference for the
animators.

clean up

After rough drawings have been tested and approved, all the noise in theimage (excess lines, notes, etc) is removed to create final drawings which canbe inked, painted and shot. The cleanup process refers to either tracing aclean line over a rough drawing to achieve the final version, or removing dirt
and extra lines left by the scanning process.

CMYK

Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black. Refers to the process used by printers to definecolour on the printed page.

colour card

A colour card is a solid colour card that is the same size as the camera. The
colour card can be used to fill the background with a solid colour when there isno background image included.

colour model

The official colour design that must be used to paint the animation. A model isthe definitive character, prop, or location design that each artist must follow
for the production.

colour wheel

A display of the colour spectrum in the form of a circle.

compositing

Compositing is the action of incorporating all of a scene's elements to create
the final result prior to rendering. For example, the compositing artist will
import all the animation sequences, background, overlays and underlays in thescene and position them correctly. The artist will then set the camera frame
and animate it, if needed. Finally, the animator will create all the computergenerated effects for the project.

cross dissolve

An effect used to fade two scenes, one into the other.

cut

A direct transition between two scenes. When a cut is used, there are notransition effects inserted to pass from one scene to the next. The first sceneends and the second one starts immediately.

cut-out animation

The action of animating characters made of several pieces by moving themaround frame by frame. Cut-out animation can either be computer generated
or done traditionally using paper.

cycle

A group of images that together make up an action, such as walking. A cycle isan action repeated as a loop over a period of time. It can be a series ofanimated drawings or keyframes.

18Harmony 12.1 Play Guide

dialogue

The text spoken by a character in a movie or animation.

dope sheet

Used by animators, directors and other members of a crew to track thesequence and timing of images, dialogue, sound effects, sound tracks andcamera moves. Also known as an exposure sheet or Xsheet.

dopingTo assign a particular drawing to a range of frames.

DPI

Dots per inch is the standard measure of resolution for computerized printers.
It is sometimes applied to screens, in which case it should more accurately bereferred to as pixels per inch. Either way, the dot is the smallest discreteelement making up the image.

ease/velocity

In animation, the ease, also known as velocity, is the acceleration anddeceleration of a motion. It can be a motion created by a function curve, or aseries of animated drawings. Other common terms for ease-in and ease-out
are slow-in and slow-out.

ease-in

Gradual acceleration in the action. Also known as slow-in.

ease-out

Gradual deceleration in the action. Also known as slow-out.

establishing shot

A scene in which the viewer can see the whole area in which a sequence ishappening. For example, if a child is playing on the ground in front of his
house, the establishing shot would be a scene where the viewer can see thehouse, the ground, a part of the street and the buildings around the central
point of action. This helps the viewer understand the story location and sceneorientation.

exposure

In animation, an exposure is the number of cels on which a drawing appears inthe scene. For a drawing to appear longer, the exposure must be extended
over a greater number of cels.

exposure sheet

A sheet with several vertical columns and horizontal frames used to indicate ascene's timing. Each column represents a scene layer. The drawing numbers ineach column are indicated and repeated over the particular amount of frames
they need to appear.
The exposure sheet is used by animators, directors and other members of acrew to track the sequence and timing of images, dialogue, sound effects,
sound tracks and camera moves. Also known as a dope sheet.

fade in/fade out

Fade in or fade out is a transition effect used to open or close a sequence. A
fade in occurs when the first scene appears progressively, from complete
transparency to its complete opacity. A fade out occurs when the last scene
progressively disappears, going from complete opacity to complete
transparency.

fast-inDramatic acceleration at the start of the action.

fast-out

Dramatic acceleration at the end of the action.

field

In animation, a field is a measurement unit used to calculate motion,
registration and camera positioning. A standard animation scene will vary
between 6 to 12 fields.

field chart

A guide containing all the field units that animation and layout artists use todetermine a scene size or camera motion.

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film-1.33

A resolution that is ideal for the widescreen film format that conforms to thestandard 4:3 pixel aspect ratio.

film-1.66

A resolution that is ideal for the widescreen film format that conforms to the
16:9 pixel aspect ratio. (The pixels are wider than they are high).

flipping

In traditional animation, flipping is the action of going through the drawings ofan animation sequence very quickly in order to see the animation in motion.
Flipping can also be the action of creating a mirror transformation of an
object.

follow-throughThe secondary motion caused by the main action. For example, a character
wearing a cloak is running. The main action is the body running. This will cause
the cloak to follow the motion, although it will not move at the same time, but
react a few frames later and follow the main motion curve.

forward kinematics

Forward kinematics is a feature used to animate principally 3D characters andcut-out puppets with hierarchy. It is used to animate a puppet from one ofparent parts, such as a shoulder, and make the rest of the arm move with it asa single piece.

frame

A single photographic image in a movie. In traditional animation, the North
American standard generally contains 24 frames per second, while in Europe
the standard is 25 frames per second.
The frame rate is the speed at which the frames are played. They are generally
calculated by frame per second. For example, a scene could be played back at
12, 24, 25, 30 or 60 frames per second or any other number.

frame rate

This is the measurement of the frequency (rate) at which an imaging device
produces unique consecutive images, called frames. The term applies equallyto computer graphics, video cameras, film cameras, and motion capturesystems.
Frame rate is most often expressed in frames per second (fps) and in
progressive-scan monitors as hertz (Hz).

functions

A computer-generated motion, trajectory or path on which elements, othertrajectories and effects parameters can be attached. The function can becontrolled by adding keyframes and control points on the function curve.

gamut

The range of colours that a particular device can represent.

HDTV

High Definition Television delivers a higher quality image than standard
television does because it has a greater number of lines of resolution. To takeadvantage of the superior quality and make full use of your resolution setting,the output device must be compatible with HDTV technology.

hold

A frame in the animation in which the character maintains its position without
moving. A hold can be created between any two keyframes.

HSV

Hue, Saturation, Value. A method of defining colours in terms of hue (tint),
saturation (shade) and value (tone or luminance).

in-between

The drawings that exist between the key poses. These are drawn to create
fluid transitions between poses.

ink and paint

The ink and paint process is the action of painting the empty zones and20

Harmony 12.1 Play Guide

colouring the lines on the final animation drawings, while following a colour
model.
interpolation

The computer-generated motion created between two keyframes. You havethe choice to create interpolation, or not, between your keyframes.

jump cut

A jerky cut between two scenes. Typically, a jump cut is not visually pleasing. It
is generally caused by one scene ending, and a second one starting, with asimilar image. The lack of difference causes the eye to see a little jump
between the two scenes.

key pose

Important positions in the action defining the starting and ending points ofany smooth transition. Keys, or key poses, are the main drawings in an
animation sequence describing the motion. For example, if an arm is waving,
the keys will be of the arm at one extremity of the wave motion and the otherextremity. By flipping those drawings, the animator can see the skeleton of
the motion without having all the drawings.

keyboard shortcuts

One or more keyboard keys which, when used, cause an operation to be
performed.

keyframe

Important positions in the action defining the starting and ending points ofany action. A keyframe is a computer-generated position at a specific moment(frame) on a given trajectory.

layersIn animation, a layer is an individual column, level or character. A scene's layers
are superimposed to form the final image.
The communication step between the storyboard and the animation. It is theaction of putting the storyboard on model. That is, drawing the character byfollowing the design in the model pack, so the animator can start working.

layout
The layout artist draws the background, creates the camera and field guidematching the scene and camera motion. Lastly, the animator draws on model
the main action poses.
layout and posing

The action of putting on model. That is, at the right scale, the storyboard forthe animator to start working.

library

A storage area containing templates and assets that can be reused in any
project or scene.

light table

A device that allows you to see other layers in transparency while you areworking on a particular layer.

line of action

The direction that the action will follow. Also known as path of action.

lip-sync

The character's mouth synchronization with the dialogue sound track. Frameby frame, the mouth will be adjusted to fit the sound to give the illusion of thecharacter is speaking.

low resolution

A format that is ideal for videos destined for the web, where size and fast
download of a video file take precedence over quality. A low-resolution image
is one that lacks fine detail.

manual lip-sync detection

The manual swapping of mouth position drawings to match a voice track. For
this process, both sound scrubbing (listening to a sound wave broken up
frame-by-frame) and drawing substitutions are used.

21

master palette

A group of colours attributed to a character or prop. The palette is usedthroughout the entire production to maintain consistency in the look and toensure that the same colours are used throughout the production. Also known
as palette.

model/colour model

The definitive character, prop or location design each artist must follow for a
production. A colour model is the official colour design that must be used topaint the animation.

motion keyframe

A keyframe with computer-generated interpolation.

mouth chart

A chart based on the eight animation phonemes (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and X,
which is used to represent silence) used for lip-sync.

multiplane

The effect of passing through multiple levels of drawings to create a sense of
depth in a shot. A multiplane is a scene in which the layers are placed at
different distances from the camera so that when the camera moves, a depth
illusion occurs. With a multiplane, all the perspective and scale is calculated
automatically.

NTSC

The standard analogue television broadcasting system used in North America.
NTSC conforms to North American standards on how rectangular pixels are
displayed for computer and television screens.

nudge

A small push (left, right, up, down, forward or backward) done with the
keyboard arrow keys on a selected element. Nudging is used to move aselection very slightly and precisely.

onion skin

A feature that lets you see the previous and next drawings of a sequence.

overlay

A part of the scene environment, such as a chair or a bush, that is placed in
front of the main animation.

PAL

A resolution that works best with the European format for television andcomputer screens, as the rectangular pixels are displayed at a different
orientation.

palette/master palette

A palette or master palette is a group of colours attributed to a character or aprop. The palette is used throughout the entire project to maintain aconsistency in the look and avoid the colour changing during the animation.
Also referred to as a master palette.

palette style

A palette style is a second version of an existing palette with a slight change inthe tint and value. A palette style can be used to create the night version of apalette. It may also be called a clone palette.

pan

To move the camera across the scene in any direction.

panel

In a storyboard, a panel is a frame in a shot. A shot can be composed of one orseveral panels.

The paperless animation process is the action of animating digitally. The main
paperless animation/tradigital paperless animation process is to draw, frame by frame, the animation directlyin the software.
passing position

When drawing a walk sequence for a character, the passing position is thepoint at which one leg passes the other.

path of action

Direction that the action will follow. Also known as line of action.

22

Harmony 12.1 Play Guidepeg

In traditional animation, a tool used to ensure accurate registration of action
as cel layers move. In digital animation, in which you are doing a moreadvanced puppet rigging, you can use peg layers. Peg layers are trajectory
layers that do not contain drawings. They are motion paths that you can use
to add path articulations. For the latter, you can also use the Inverse
Kinematics tool.

phonemeA unit of sound in a language.

pivot

The point around which a peg or drawing rotates.
The smallest element of an image displayed on a monitor or TV screen.

pixel

Pixel, short for picture element, is a single point in a graphic image. It is a small
sample of an image, a dot, a square, or a very small section made out ofsmooth filtering. If you zoom in close enough on a digital image, you will see
the pixels, which look like small squares of different colours and intensity.

pose-to-pose animation

The pose-to-pose animation process is the action of creating all the main
action poses, called key poses, and then placing the secondary poses between
the keys. The secondary poses are called breakdown. Finally, the animator fills
the gaps with the in-between drawings to achieve a smooth animation.

rendering

The final step when animating by computer. During rendering, the computer
takes each pixel that appears on screen and processes all of the components,
as well as adding motion blur before it produces a final image. The process of
calculating the final images after the compositing process.

resolution

The size of a scene, generally calculated in pixels. For example, the NTSC
resolution is 720 x 480. The resolution should match the final output: HDTV,
film-1.33, film-1.66, NTSC, PAL, low.

RGB

Red, Green, Blue. A method of defining colour by specifying amounts of thesethree colour components.

rigging

The process of attaching the various parts of a cut-out puppet.

rotary table

Equivalent to the animation disk/table, a device that allows you to rotate theworkspace for greater comfort while drawing.

rotoscoping

An animation technique in which animators trace over live-action film
movement, frame by frame, for use in animated films. The act of sketchingover live-action footage to create an animated sequence.

roughs

The skeleton sketch of an animation or design. Roughs mainly consist of
sketch lines and shapes, though they can also contain design details.

safe area

The zone at the center of a scene's frame that is safe from being cropped by
the TV frame. As a TV frame cuts a margin off the original frame size,
maintaining a safe area ensures that the scene's main action will remain clearlyvisible once the film is screened on television.

scene

A shot in a movie or show. A sequence is composed of several scenes. A scenechanges to another scene by a simple cut or transition.

scriptThe original text containing all the movie or show information. In animation,
the script contains all of the location descriptions, dialogue, time and more. A
project starts with a script.

23

sequence

A series of scenes or shots forming a distinct part of the story or movie,
usually connected by unity of location or time.

shot

A scene in a movie or show. A sequence is composed of several shots. A shotchanges to another shot by a simple cut or transition.

slow-in

The gradual acceleration in the action. Also known as ease-in.

slow-out

The gradual deceleration in the action. Also known as ease-out.

slugging

To indicate the start and stop times of dialogue and relevant actions.

sound scrubbing

A process that lets you hear sound in real time while you move the playhead
forward or backward. This is very useful for finely-tuning a lip-sync.

stop-motion keyframe

A keyframe with no computer-generated interpolation.

storyboard

A visual plan of all the scenes and shots in an animation. The storyboard
indicates what will happen, when it will happen and how the objects in a scene
are laid out.

straight-ahead

A technique in which an entire sequence is drawn from the first position to thelast, in order. There is very little planning in this methodology. Where thecharacter ends up and how it gets there can be a surprise for both theaudience and the animator. While this approach is spontaneous and creative,
it can create inaccurate results.

strokes

Invisible vector lines forming the drawing zones. They can be adjusted with
Bézier handles.

tablet/pen

A device used in conjunction with, or instead of, a mouse to move a mousepointer (sometimes referred to as the cursor) around the computer screen.

template

An asset stored in the library that can be reused in any project. A template canbe a drawing, a series of keyframes, a sound file, a panel, a cut-out character,an effect, a trajectory, an animation, or anything else used in the animation.

thumbnails

A very small image used as a reference or indicator.

timecode

The timing information printed on a movie clip to indicate the scene, hour,
minute and second that is currently displayed on the screen.

timeline

A horizontal representation of a scene's elements, timing and keyframes.

trace and paint

After the rough animations have gone through cleanup and a final line or pencil
test, each drawing is traced and painted for the final animation. In today's
digital world, this may be done in a variety ways other than the traditional
celluloid or acetate methods.

track breakdown

The break down of an animated film's soundtrack into individual sounds to
produce the precise frame-by-frame position of each sound.

traditional animation

A type of animation process whereby all the animation sequences are drawn
by hand on paper before scanning or inking them on cels.

trajectory

A computer-generated path or trajectory that elements can follow. The
trajectory can be controlled by control points, keyframes and velocity.

transition

An effect placed between two scenes as they pass from one to the other.
Common transition effects are cross-dissolve and wipe.

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underlay

In animation, an underlay is a specific part of the decor placed behind the main
animation.

aspect ratio

The aspect ratio describes the shape of the grid unit. A square grid unit would
have a 1:1 ratio , whereas a grid unit of aspect ratio 4:3 is a unit with one side
1.33 times as big as the other side.

vector

A vector-based image is composed of points and Bézier curves. The computer
reads the points and traces the segments, linking them to reproduce theimage shape. There is no fixed size or resolution in a vector image. The
graphic can be enlarged and distorted as much as desired and the system will
simply recalculate the segments and rebuild the shapes. Vector images aretranslated and displayed in pixels once the calculation is done.

velocity

In animation, the velocity, also known as ease, is the acceleration or
deceleration of a motion. This can be achieved by a function curve, or via aseries of animated drawings. Other common terms for ease-in and ease-out
are slow-in and slow-out.

walk cycle

A series of drawings "on the spot" that describe the walk for a character. The
illusion of movement is created by the use of background pans. To avoid
making innumerable drawings, animators routinely make a walk cycle for acharacter.
The Xsheet or exposure sheet, is a sheet with several vertical columns andhorizontal frames used to indicate a scene's timing.

Xsheet (exposure sheet)

Each column represents a scene's layer. In each column, the drawing numbers
are indicated and spread over the specific number of frames in which they
appear.
The exposure sheet is used by animators, directors and other members of thecrew to track the sequence and timing of images, dialogue, sound effects,
sound tracks and camera moves. Also known as dope sheet.

zone

An area which can be painted with colour.

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