医学部進学予備校メビオ 医学部専門予備校 YMS 英進館メビオ

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医学部専門予備校

福岡校

久留米大学医学部（後期） 英語

2023年 3月 8日実施

㸯㸰

1.

2.

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4.

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7.

8.

(a)

(d)

(c)

(d)

(b)

(a)

(d)

(a)

1.

2.

(c)

(a)
(1)

㸱

(2)

(3)

3

6

1

3

6

1

3

6

1

3

6

(e)

(f)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(b)

(c)

(a)

(f)

(a)

(f)

(e)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(a)

(d)

(b)

(a)

(c)

(d)

(b)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

(c)

(a)

(b)

(b)

(d)

(c)

(b)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

(c)

(g)

(g)

(b)

(e)

(e)

(e)

(a)

1.

㸲㸳
㸴

(4)

1

2.

(b)

(d)

(h)

㸺ゎㄝ㸼
㸯
1.

(a)

American cities have seen an era of persistent urban inequality and chronic unemployment disproportionately

impacting historically (marginalized) communities and communities of color.
ࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㒔ᕷࡣ㸪㒔ᕷ㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࡞࠿࡞࠿ᾘ࠼࡞࠸୙ᖹ➼࡜៏ᛶⓗ࡞ኻᴗࡀ㸪Ṕྐⓗ࡟ᙅ࠸❧ሙ࡟⨨࠿ࢀࡓᆅᇦఫẸࡸ᭷Ⰽே✀ࡢᆅᇦఫẸ࡟୙㔮ࡾྜ࠸࡞ࡲ࡛࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ᫬௦ࢆ┠ࡢᙜࡓࡾ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡁ
ࡓࠖ
2.

(d)

The treatment temporarily helped relieve the pain in the right knee. A few days later, though, it eventually(migrated) to the hips and lower back that the doctor thought there must be something wrong with the way Ijogged.
ࠕࡑࡢ἞⒪ࡣ୍᫬ⓗ࡟ྑ㊊ࡢ③ࡳࢆ࿴ࡽࡆࡿࡢ࡟ࡣᙺ❧ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᩘ᪥ᚋ㸪ࡘ࠸࡟ࡑࡢ③ࡳࡀ⮌㒊࡜⭜࡟⛣ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪་⪅ࡣࢪࣙࢠࣥࢢࡢ௙᪉࡟ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡟ࡕࡀ࠸࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠖ
3.

(c)Since these symptoms can fall under the umbrella of so many other (benign) conditions, they are often ignored

until the cancer worsens.
ࠕࡇࢀࡽࡢ⑕≧ࡣ௚ࡢ࡜࡚ࡶከࡃࡢⰋᛶ⑌ᝈࡢᙳ࡟㞃ࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡀࢇࡀᝏ໬ࡍࡿࡲ࡛ぢⴠ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀከ࠸ࠖ〈〈 模試・講座の ご案 内 〉〉

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4.

(d)

(Respiratory) diseases in the lungs can be very problematic, and in order to ward off the possibility of any

sort of complications, medical treatment is required.
ࠕ⫵ࡢ࿧྾ჾ⑌ᝈࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࠸࠿࡞ࡿ✀㢮࡛࠶ࢀྜే⑕ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪἞⒪ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ
5.

(b)Some soldiers voiced disappointment at not being able to track the enemy, saying that decision may haveallowed the (insurgents) to stage fresh attacks in the dead of night.
ࠕࡑࡢỴᐃࡢࡏ࠸࡛ᭀᚐࡀ┿ኪ୰࡟᪂ࡓ࡞ᨷᧁࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆチࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜ゝࡗ࡚㸪රኈࡢ୰࡟ࡣᩛࢆ㏣࠼࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿኻᮃࢆཱྀ࡟ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠸ࡓࠖ
6.

(a)Farmers can showcase their produce, show some gardening ideas, things they do on the farm, along withmachines, equipment and tools they use in planting and how to have a (bountiful) harvest and beautiful garden.
ࠕ㎰ᐙࡣ㎰స≀ࢆ⤂௓ࡋ㸪࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ࣮࢞ࢹࢽࣥࢢࡢ࢔࢖ࢹ࢔㸪ࡘࡲࡾᙼࡽࡀᬑẁ㎰ሙ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㸪᳜࠼௜ࡅ᫬࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿᶵᲔࡸ⿦ഛࡸ㐨ල㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㇏స࡟ࡋࡓࡾ⨾ࡋ࠸⳯ᅬ࡟ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡜࡜
ࡶ࡟⤂௓ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠖ
7.

(d)

Most strokes happen when a blood (clot) blocks an artery that feeds a portion of the brain. As neurons die fromoxygen starvation, the result too often is paralysis, blindness, and cognitive dysfunction.
ࠕ኱༙ࡢ⬻༞୰ࡣ㸪⾑ᰦࡀ⬻ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᰤ㣴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿື⬦ࢆワࡲࡽࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㉳ࡇࡿࠋ㓟⣲୙㊊࠿ࡽࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡀṚ࡟㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㯞⑷ࡸኻ᫂㸪ㄆ▱ᶵ⬟㞀ᐖࡀ㢖⦾࡟㉳ࡇࡿࠖ
8.

(a)The dental team at Dental Designers place an emphasis on maintaining good dental (hygiene) and eradicating
dental problems for healthy teeth.

ࠕDental Designers ࡢṑ⛉་⒪ࢳ࣮࣒ࡣṑࡢ⾨⏕≧ែࢆⰋ࠸≧ែ࡟ಖࡘࡇ࡜࡜㸪೺ᗣ࡞ṑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ṑࡢၥ㢟ࢆ࡞ࡃࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ㸰1.

ᮏࣃࣛࢢࣛࣇࡢ୺㢟ࡣࠕ4 ᭶࡟ほᐹࡉࢀࡓ⍆ᗙὶᫍ⩌࡜㸪ࡑࡢ㝹▼ࡢᣢࡘᙺ๭࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ(a)ࡢ
“the phenomenon” ࡣ๓ᩥࡢ “the Lyrid meteor shower” (⍆ᗙὶᫍ⩌)ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪2022 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 14 ᪥࡟ึࡵ࡚໭༙⌫࡛⌧ࢀ㸪ྠᖺ 4 ᭶ 22 ᪥࡟ࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ㏄࠼ࡓ㸪࡜࠸࠺ㄝ᫂࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪(a)ࡣ୙せ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪(b)࡜ࡑࡢ๓ᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪ᆅ⾲࡟ⴠࡕ࡚ࡃࡿ㝹▼࡜ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸㝹▼࡜ࡢᑐẚࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪(b)ࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋṧࡿ(c)࡜(d)࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡔࡀ㸪(c)ࡢෑ㢌ࡢ “The account read ~” ࠕࡑࡢグ㏙࡟ࡣ㹼࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠖࡢᣦࡍෆᐜࡀ୙᫂░࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㐣ཤ᫬ไࡢㄝ᫂ࡶࡘ࠿࡞࠸ࠋ(d)࡛ࡣࠕ⍆ᗙὶᫍ⩌࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ⣖ඖ๓ 687 ᖺࡢ࿘⋤ᮅ᫬௦࡟᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㹼ࠖ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪࿘⋤ᮅ᫬௦࡟᭩࠿ࢀࡓグ㏙ࡇࡑࡀ㸪(c)ࡢ “The account”
࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᮏ᮶࡞ࡽ(c)࡜(d)ࡀ๓ᚋ㏫࡛࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢࡔࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪(c)ࡀ୙せᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸺඲ヂ㸼 ඛ㐌ᮎࡢࣆࣥࢡ࣒࣮ࣥ㸪ఱᗘ࠿ࡢᑠᝨᫍࣇࣛ࢖ࣂ࢖㸪4 ᭶࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ 4 ࡘࡢᝨᫍࡀ୍ิ࡟୪ࡪ࡞࡝࡜㸪ኪ✵ࢆほᐹࡍࡿேࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㸪4 ᭶ࡣ᪤࡟ᚰ㌍ࡿࡼ࠺࡞᭶࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢୖࡉࡽ࡟㸪4 ᭶ 14 ᪥࡟໭༙⌫࡛ึࡵ࡚⌧ࢀࡓ⍆ᗙὶᫍ⩌ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪(a)ࡑࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ࡛㸪࠿ࡘほᐹࡍࡿ⤯ዲࡢᶵ఍ࡣ㸪2022 ᖺ 4 ᭶22 ᪥࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡣኪ㛫ࡢάື࡜ࡋ࡚⯆࿡῝࠸ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞ព࿡ࡶᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᆅ⾲࡟ࡲ࡛฿㐩ࡍࡿ㝹▼ࡣ඲࡚㸪ኴ㝧⣔ࡢṔྐ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㈗㔜࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ(b)฿㐩ࡋ࡞࠸㝹▼ࡣẖᖺᜏ౛ࡢὶᫍࢩ࣮ࣙࡢ୍㒊࡟࡞ࡿࡔࡅࡔࠋ(d)⍆ᗙὶᫍ⩌࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ⣖ඖ๓ 687 ᖺࡢ࿘⋤ᮅ᫬௦࡟᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⌧௦࡟ࡲ࡛ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᭱ྂࡢὶᫍ⩌ࡢᩥ⊩࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ[ࡇࡇ࡟ᮏ᮶(c)ࡢ 1 ᩥࡀධࡿ] 2700 ᖺ௨ୖࡶᚋࡶ㸪ேࠎࡣྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ኳࡢ㞵ࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ⮬⏤ⴠୗࡍࡿ༢୍ࡢ
ᫍ࡜ࡣᑡࡋࡤ࠿ࡾ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋ(๐㝖ᩥ) (c) ࡑࡢグ㏙࡟ࡣ㸪ࠕ┿ኪ୰࡟㸪ᫍࡀ㞵ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㝆ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

2.

ᮏࣃࣛࢢࣛࣇࡢ୺㢟ࡣࠕእᅜேᏛ⏕࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࡢᐇែ࡜ㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ(a)ࡢ๓ࡢᩥ࡛
ࡣ㸪ᬑ㏻Ꮫ⣭࡟ධࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸බ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ๭ྜࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ㸪(a)ࡢᚋࡢᩥ࡛ࡣࡑࡢᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕඲య࡛ࡢ๭ྜࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚(a)ࡀ࡞࠸᪉ࡀࠕ๭ྜࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢグ㏙࡜ࡋ࡚ヰࡀ㏻ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪(b)ࡣ
ᮏᩥ 2 ᩥ┠࡟グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪ࠕእᅜேᏛ⏕ࡀᮏ᮶ࡣ㞀ࡀ࠸ࡢ࠶ࡿᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢࡓࡵࡢᏛ⣭࡟ධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺⌧≧࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪➹⪅ࡀ␗㆟ࢆၐ࠼࡚࠸ࡿᩥ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪(c)ࡣࡑࡢᚋࡢ
ࠕᏛᰯ⮬యࡀᏛ⏕࡟≉ูᨭ᥼Ꮫᰯ࡬ࡢධᏛࢆ່ࡵࡓࠖ㸪(d)ࠕᏛᰯࡸᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍ࡀእᅜேඣ❺࡟Ⓨ㐩㞀ᐖࡢࣞࢵࢸࣝࢆ㈞ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟Ⅼ࡬ࡢᑟධࡢᙺ๭ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪(a)ࡀ୙せᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡕ
࡞ࡳ࡟㸪(d)࡟⥆ࡃᩥࡢෑ㢌 “This was spelled out ~” ࠕࡇࢀࡣ㹼࡛᫂グࡉࢀࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᩥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Thisࡢᣦࡍෆᐜࡀ୙᫂░࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣᮏ᮶࡞ࡽ(d)ࡢᚋ࡟(a)ࡀධࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛㸪(a)ࡢෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿࠕእᅜேఫẸࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺㸪ᅜࡸ⮬἞యࡢ⩏ົࠖࡇࡑࡀ This ࡢෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸺඲ヂ㸼 እᅜ࡟࣮ࣝࢶࢆᣢࡘ᪥ᮏᅾఫࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏㄒ࡟୙⮬⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪Ꮫᰯ࡛ᬑ㏻Ꮫ
⣭ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᤵᴗࡀᚲせ࡞඲ᅜࡢබ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ 20
ே࡟ 1 ேࡀ㸪ᮏ᮶ࡣ㞀ࡀ࠸ࡢ࠶ࡿᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢࡓࡵࡢᏛ⣭࡟ධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪᭱㏆ึࡵ࡚඲ᅜㄪᰝ࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕඲య࡛ࡣ 30 ே࡟ 1 ே࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(b)ࡇࢀࡽࡢᏛ⣭࡛ࡢᩍ⫱ࡣ㸪㞀ࡀ࠸ࡢ࠶ࡿᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢࡓࡵ࡟సࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪༢࡟᪥ᮏㄒࡀ୙⮬⏤ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡜࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛㸪ࡑࡇ࡟እᅜ࡟࣮ࣝࢶࢆᣢࡘᏛ⏕ࢆධࢀࡿ⌮⏤ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ(c)ၥ㢟࡞ࡢࡣ㸪Ꮫᰯഃ࡟᪥ᮏㄒࢆᩍ࠼ࡿែໃࡀᩚࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᏛ⏕ࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪ᬑ㏻Ꮫ⣭࡟ධࢀࡿవ⿱ࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟Ꮫᰯ⮬య࡟≉ูᨭ᥼Ꮫ⣭࡬ࡢ㐍Ꮫࢆ່ࡵࡽࢀࡓ⪅ࡶ࠸ࡓࠋ(d)ࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫᰯࡸᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍ࡀゝⴥࡢቨࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ↓どࡋ࡚㸪እᅜேඣ❺ࢆࠕᏛ⩦ࡀ㐜࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛Ⓨ㐩㞀ᐖࡀ࠶ࡿ㸪࡜࠸࠺ࣞࢵࢸࣝࢆ㈞ࡗࡓ஦౛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ[ࡇࡇ࡟ᮏ᮶࡞ࡽࡤ(a)ࡢ
1 ᩥࡀධࡿ] ࡇࢀࡣ 2019 ᖺ 6 ᭶࡟ἲᚊ࡛᫂グࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪ἲᚊࡢᐇ᪋࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜㸪ᆅᇦ᱁ᕪࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ୰࡟ࡣ㸪඲࡚ࡢබ❧Ꮫᰯ࡟᪥ᮏㄒࡢᤵᴗࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪᪥ᮏㄒᩍᖌࡸ㏻ヂ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔ࢆ㓄⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⮬἞యࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢ㟂せࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡔࡅࡢ⫋ဨࡀ㊊ࡾࡎ㸪༑ศ࡞ゝㄒࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜
ࡇࢁࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ(๐㝖ᩥ) (a) ᅜࡸ⮬἞య࡟ࡣ㸪እᅜேఫẸࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ⩏ົࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

㸱(1) (e)(b)(f)(d)(a)(c)

To study this, a group of researchers (worked with 20 patients who were undergoing intracranial recording ofbrain activity to guide surgery for treatment of their drug-resistant epilepsy).
ࠕࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪◊✲⪅ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣ㸪⸆๣⪏ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡚ࢇ࠿ࢇࢆ἞⒪ࡍࡿᡭ⾡ࡢᣦ㔪࡜ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㢌⵹ෆࡢ⬻άືࡢグ㘓ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ 20 ேࡢᝈ⪅ࢆㄪᰝᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠖ
ࡇࡢᩥࡢືモࡣ worked ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛㸪㦵᱁ࡢ a group of researchers ~ worked with 20 ~ ࡀฟ᮶ୖࡀ
ࡿࠋ20 ࡟⥆ࡃྡモࡣ patients㸪ࡲࡓ undergoing ࡢ┠ⓗㄒࡣ recording ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛㸪a group of researchers ~ worked with 20 patients who were undergoing intracranial recording of ~ ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㢌⵹ෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚グ㘓ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣ brain activity (⬻άື)࡛࠶ࡾ㸪surgery (ᡭ⾡)ࡣ㸪epilepsy (࡚ࢇ࠿ࢇ)ࡢ
treatment (἞⒪)ࡢࡓࡵ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜⪃៖࡟ධࢀࡿ࡜㸪~ recording of brain activity to guide surgery for treatment of their drug-resistant epilepsy ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋࡇࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛㸪a group of researchers ࡢᚋ࡟ಟ㣭せ⣲ࡀධࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ᐃࡍࡿࠋ(2) (d)(a)(e)(c)(f)(b)

The researchers recorded the brain activity of (participants as they watched the videos, and they noticed two
distinct groups of cells that responded to different types of boundaries by increasing their activity).
ࠕ◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡣᫎീࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫ࡢ⿕㦂⪅ࡢ⬻άືࢆグ㘓ࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ᙼࡽࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟␗࡞ࡿ 2 ࡘࡢ⣽⬊⩌ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ẽ࡙࠸ࡓࠋࡑࢀࡽࡣάືᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪␗࡞ࡿ✀㢮ࡢቃ⏺ࢆࡶࡘグ᠈ᑐ㇟࡟཯ᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࠖ
◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡀグ㘓ࡋࡓ brain activity (⬻άື)ࡣ㸪 participants (⿕㦂⪅)ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ participants (⿕ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ㦂⪅)ࡀぢࡓࡢࡣ video (ᫎീ)࡛࠶ࡾ㸪noticed ࡢ୺ㄒࡣ◊✲⪅࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪The researchers recorded
the brain activity of participants as they watched the videos, and they noticed two distinct groups of ~ ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ➨ 1 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟㸪Researchers have identified two types of cells in our brains ~ ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶ㸪ḟ࡟⥆ࡃࡢࡣ cells ~ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀ㸪ࡇࢀࡀ␗࡞ࡿ✀㢮ࡢቃ⏺ࢆࡶࡘグ᠈ᑐ㇟࡟཯ᛂࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼㸪~ two different types of cells that responded to different types of boundaries ~ ࡜⥆ࡃࠋṧࡗࡓ by increasing their activity ࡣ responded ࢆಟ㣭ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪᭱ᚋ࡟⨨ࡃࠋ(3) (c)(e)(a)(d)(b)(f)

They (theorized that the brain uses boundary peaks as markers for skimming over past memories, much in theway the key photos are used to identify events).
ࠕ⬻ࡣቃ⏺࡟ᑐࡍࡿ཯ᛂࡢ᭱㧗Ⅼࢆ㸪㐣ཤࡢグ᠈ࢆࡍࡃ࠸ྲྀࡿ┠༳࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡣฟ᮶஦ࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡜࡞ࡿ෗┿ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸪࡜ᙼࡽࡣ⌮ㄽୖࡢ᝿ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠖ๓ᩥ࡟ The researchers next looked at ~ ࡜࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡀㄪᰝࡢᚋ㸪ࡑࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࢆࡶ࡜࡟⌮ㄽࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼㸪 They theorized that the brain ~ ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪<(in) the way (that) SV> ࠕ㹼ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠖ
ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ㸪 past memories, much in the way the key photos are used to identify events ࡜ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⬻ෆࡢᶵᵓࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿẚ႘࡜ࡋ࡚㸪෗┿࠿ࡽฟ᮶஦ࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿ౛ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
ࡼࡗ࡚㸪theorized ࡟⥆ࡃ that ⠇ෆࡢ S’ ࡛࠶ࡿ the brain ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ V’ ࡣ uses ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪as ࡢ┠ⓗㄒࢆmarkers ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪
They theorized that the brain uses boundary peaks as markers for skimming over ~ ࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ඛ࡟☜ᐃࡋࡓᚋ༙㒊ศࡀ⥆ࡃࠋ(4) (a)(d)(f)(c)(b)(e)In the first, (the participants were shown a series of still images and were asked whether they were from a scenein the film clips they just watched).
ࠕࡲࡎ㸪⿕㦂⪅࡟୍㐃ࡢ㟼Ṇ⏬ീࢆぢࡏ㸪ぢࡓࡤ࠿ࡾࡢᫎ⏬ࡢ᩿∦ᫎീࡢࢩ࣮ࣥ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆࡓࡎࡡࡓࠖ
୺ㄒࢆ the participants ࡜⪃࠼㸪⿕㦂⪅࡟㟼Ṇ⏬ീࢆぢࡏࡿෆᐜࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪In the first, the participants were shown a series of still images and were asked ~ ࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋasked ࡢ┠ⓗㄒࡣ㸪 whether they were from a scene in the film clips they just watched ࡜
whether they were from a scene they just watched in the film clips ࡢ୧᪉ࡀᵓ㐀ୖᡂࡾ❧ࡘࡀ㸪⥆ࡃ➨ 7 ẁⴠ
➨ 1 ᩥ࡟㸪 The second test involved showing pairs of images taken from film clips that they had just watched ࡜࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪watched ࡢ┠ⓗㄒࡣ film clips ࡜ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚๓⪅ࡀṇࡋ࠸ࠋ㸲1.
(1) (a)A supreme court had ruled segregation unconstitutional, and now black children were allowed to go to schoolwith white children.

ࠕ᭱㧗⿢ࡣே✀㝸㞳ࢆ㐪᠇࡜ࡍࡿุỴࢆୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚௒ࡸ㯮ேࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡣⓑேࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ࡜ྠࡌᏛ
ᰯ࡟㏻࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀチࡉࢀࡓࡢࡔࠖ
✵ᡤࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥ๓༙࡛ே✀㝸㞳ࢆ㐪᠇࡜ࡍࡿุ᩿ࡀୗࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛㸪✵ᡤ࡟ࡣ㯮ேࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡀⓑேࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ࡜ྠࡌᏛᰯ࡟㏻࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠕチࡉࢀࡿࠖ≧ἣࡀண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾṇゎࢆᑟࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ unconstitutional ࡣࠕ㐪᠇ࡢࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(2) (d)Norman Rockwell was greatly moved by the incident and Ruby’s bravery.

ࠕࣀ࣮࣐࣭ࣥࣟࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡣࡑࡢฟ᮶஦࡜ࣝࣅ࣮ࡢຬᩒࡉ࡟࡜࡚ࡶឤືࡋࡓࠖ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟࠶ࡿ㏻ࡾ㸪ࣝࣅ࣮࣭ࣈࣜࢵࢪࡢึⓏᰯࡣࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ᗈࡃሗࡌࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࢆࣟࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ཷࡅṆࡵࡓࡢ࠿ࡣ㸪✵ᡤࡢᚋ࡟⥆ࡃ “by the incident and Ruby’s bravery” ࡟ྵࡲҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨࢀࡿ bravery ࠕຬẼࠖ࡜࠸࠺༢ㄒࢆᡭ᥃࠿ࡾ࡜ࡍࡿࡢ࡟ຍ࠼㸪ࡑࡢฟ᮶஦ࢆ⤮⏬࡛ᥥࡃ࡜࠸࠺⾜ືࢆྲྀࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶ㸪ࣟࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡀᗂ࠸ࣝࣅ࣮ࡢຬẼ࡟ࠕឤືࡋࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࢁ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ༑ศண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣ㸪(a) cautioned ࠕ㆙࿌ࡉࢀࡓࠖ
㸪 (b) deterred ࠕጉࡆࡽࢀࡓࠖ㸪 (c) hampered ࠕጉࡆࡽࢀࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
(3) (b)In the background, the wall is smeared with an ugly red tomato stain and marked with racist graffiti̿
suggesting the presence of the unseen and heckling mob.

ࠕ⫼ᬒ࡛ࡣ㸪ቨࡣ㓶࠸㉥࠸ࢺ࣐ࢺࡢⁱࡳ࡛ởࡉࢀ㸪ே✀ᕪูⓗ࡞ⴠ᭩ࡁࡀ┠❧ࡘࡼ࠺࡟ᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡣ⏬㠃࡟ࡣᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸪㔝ḟࢆ࡜ࡤࡍ⩌㞟ࡢᏑᅾࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ✵ᡤࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥ๓༙ࡢグ㏙࠿ࡽ㸪ࣟࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡣே✀ᕪูࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ஦ᐇࢆ♧ࡍ⾲⌧ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ⤮⏬ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ୰࡟㔝ḟࡿ⩌㞟ࡣᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ቨࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡑࡢࠕᏑᅾࠖࡣᬯ♧ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࠋࡼࡗ࡚ (b) presenceࠕᏑᅾࠖࢆ㑅࡭ࡤࡼ࠸ࠋ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣ㸪(a) absenceࠕ୙ᅾࠖ㸪(c) defense ࠕ㜵ᚚࠖ
㸪(d) credence 㺀ಙ⏝㺁࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(4) (a)Rockwell was already widely known for his humorous portrayals of scenes and rituals that epitomized
American culture at the time.

ࠕࣟࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡣ㸪ᙜ᫬ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᩥ໬ࢆ㇟ᚩࡍࡿ㢼ᬒࡸ㢼⩦ࢆ࣮ࣘࣔࣛࢫ࡟ᥥ࠸ࡓసရ࡛ࡍ࡛࡟ᗈࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ
➨ 3 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟ “He had produced thousands of illustration, and they were widely known for their idyllicquality.” ࠕᙼࡣఱ༓ࡶࡢ࢖ࣛࢫࢺࢆไసࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ∾ḷⓗ࡞స㢼࡛ᗈࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽṇゎࢆᑟࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࡁࡿࠋ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣ (b) refusals ࠕᣄ⤯ࠖ
㸪(c) farces ࠕⲔ␒๻ࠖ
㸪(d) drafts ࠕⲡ᱌࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
(5) (c)

It contained an African-American girl̿not doing some form of menial labor, but going to school.

ࠕࡑࡢ⤮⏬࡟ࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ༢⣧ປാࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᏛᰯ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝⣔࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ேࡢᑡዪࡀᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ
African-American girl ࡀࣝࣅ࣮࣭ࣈࣜࢵࢪࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࢀࡤ➨ 1 ẁⴠࡼࡾᙼዪࡀᏛᰯ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ṇゎ࡛࠶ࡿ (c) going toࠕ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
(6) (d)Others, however, thanked him for highlighting the deepest fault line of American society: racism.

ࠕࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪௚ࡢ⪅ࡓࡕࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝♫఍ࡢ᭱ࡶ῝࠸᩿ᒙ࡛࠶ࡿே✀ᕪูࢆᾋࡁ᙮ࡾ࡟ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ឤㅰࡋࡓࠖ࣊࢖ࢺ࣓࣮ࣝࡸẅᐖண࿌࡟ࡶᒅࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃே✀ᕪูࢆୡࡢேࠎ࡟ఏ࠼ࡿᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚⤮ࢆᥥࡁ⥆ࡅࡓ࡜࠸࠺᪨ࡢグ㏙ࡀ᭱⤊ẁⴠ➨ 1㸪➨ 2 ᩥ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪 (d) highlighting ࠕ㹼ࢆ┠❧ࡓࡏࡿࠖࡀ᭱ࡶ㐺ྜࡍࡿࠋ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣ (a) antagonizing ࠕ㹼࡟ᩛពࢆᢪ࠿ࡏࡿࠖ
㸪(b) solving ࠕ㹼ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࠖ㸪(c) creatingࠕ㹼ࢆ㐀ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
(7) (b)President Barack Obama had it temporarily displayed in the White House to commemorate the 50th
Anniversary of Ruby Bridge’s historic walk to school.

ࠕࣂࣛࢡ࣭࢜ࣂ࣐኱⤫㡿ࡣࣝࣅ࣮࣭ࣈࣜࢵࢪࡢṔྐⓗ࡞Ⓩᰯࡢ 50 ࿘ᖺࢆ⚃ࡋ࡚㸪୍᫬ⓗ࡟ࡑࡢ⤮ࢆ࣍࣡࢖ࢺࣁ࢘ࢫ࡟ᒎ♧ࡋࡓࠖ(b) commemorate ࠕ㹼ࢆ⚃⚟ࡍࡿࠖࡢព࿡ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸪✵ᡤࡢᚋࢁ࡟ Anniversaryࠕグᛕ᪥ࠖ࡜࠸࠺
༢ㄒࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ⡆༢࡟ṇゎ࡜ࡋ࡚㑅ࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪▱ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚㝖እࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ (a) hold ࠕ㹼ࢆಖᣢࡍࡿࠖ
㸪(c) initiate ࠕ㹼ࢆጞࡵࡿࠖ
㸪(d) prevent ࠕ㹼ࢆጉࡆࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

2. ᮏᩥ୰ࡢ The Problem We All Live With ࡟㛵ࡍࡿෆᐜ࡜㐺ྜࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆୗグࡢ֭ ~ ִ࠿ࡽ 3 ࡘ㑅ࡧ㸪ࡑࡢグྕࢆ࣐࣮ࢡࡏࡼࠋ
(b) Rockwell placed himself at considerable risk when he decided to publish this particular work of art.
ࠕࣟࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ≉ᐃࡢసရࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆỴࡵࡓ࡜ࡁ㸪࠿࡞ࡾࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆ⮬ࡽ㈇࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞
ࡗࡓࠖ➨ 4 ẁⴠ➨ 4 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࡑࡢ┤ᚋ㸪ࣟࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡣ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ึࡵ࡚㸪ȘǤȈȡȸȫƱൈܹʖԓࢆ኱㔞࡟ཷࡅྲྀࡗࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ࣊࢖ࢺ࣓࣮ࣝ࡜ẅᐖண࿌࡛༑ศ࡟ࠕ࠿࡞ࡾࡢࣜ
ࢫࢡࠖࢆ㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
(d) Rockwell specifically wanted to direct the attention of the viewers upon the girl in the picture.
ࠕࣟࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡣ㸪≉࡟ࡇࡢ⤮ࡢ୰ࡢᑡዪ࡟ぢࡿ⪅ࡢὀពࢆྥࡅࡉࡏࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࠖ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 5㸪6 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࣝࣅ࣮ࡣ㸪Ṍ㐨࡛㐃㑥ಖᏳᐁࡢ㛫ࢆᚊ൤࡟Ṍࡃጼ࡛ᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼࡽࡣ㢦ࡶ㢌ࡶᥥ࠿ࢀࡎ㸪ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪໰ໜƸ‫ܦ‬μƴȫȓȸƴ‫ܭ‬ǇǔƜƱƴƳ
ǔ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࣟࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡀ㸪ᙼࡢసရࢆ┠࡟ࡍࡿேࡓࡕࡢど⥺ࡀࣝࣅ࣮࡟㞟ࡲࡿᕤኵࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ(h) Rockwell created this work as he wanted to provide a visual commentary on racial inequality.
ࠕࣟࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡣ㸪ே✀㛫ࡢ୙ᖹ➼ࢆ┠࡟ぢ࠼ࡿᙧ࡛ఏ࠼ࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼㸪ࡇࡢసရࢆไసࡋࡓࠖࡲࡎ㸪ࣟࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡀࡇࡢసရࢆไసࡍࡿ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢᚰቃࡢኚ໬ࡀ➨ 4 ẁⴠ➨ 1㹼3 ᩥ࡛☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ࡑࢀࡽࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࣟࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡣ㸪πൟೌǍᝢ‫׉‬բ᫆ǁƷ᧙࣎ƕ᭗Ǉǔ࡟ࡘࢀ㸪ࠗࢧࢱࢹ࣮࣭࢖
ࣈࢽࣥࢢ࣭࣏ࢫࢺ࠘⣬ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᚃƠǈǍƢƍ˺ԼǛ˺ǔƜƱƴɧ฼Ǜਤƭࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡘ࠸࡟џൢǛЈƠƯᠴǊƨࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋThe Problem We All Live With ࡣ 1964 ᖺ࡟㞧ㄅ Look ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⤒⦋ࢆㄞࡳゎࡃࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࣟࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡀࡇࡢసရࢆไసࡍࡿືᶵ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪බẸᶒ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᙼ࡞ࡾࡢၥ㢟ព㆑ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࡢసရࢆไసࡋࡓᚋࡶ㸪ᙼࡣࡑࡢ᪉ྥ࡛ไసάືࢆ⥆ࡅࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ᭱⤊ẁⴠ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ➨ 2 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ ࠰ˊƷʴᆔࠀКǍƦƷ˂Ʒ૎඙ႎƳբ᫆ƴ᧙ƠƯᲦɭƷʴŷƴˡƑǔ৖െ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᙼࡣ௚ࡢ⤮ࡶᥥࡁ⥆ࡅࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ “socialcommentary” ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡣヂࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸ࡀ㸪⤮⏬ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࣟࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡀୡࡢேࠎ࡟ၥ㢟࡟Ẽ࡙࠸࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ඲యࡢᩥ⬦࠿ࡽࡶㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
(a) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕ⮬ศࡀ༑஧ศ࡟᪂ࡋ࠸ⱁ⾡ศ㔝ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࠖ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀ
ᮏᩥ➨ 4 ẁⴠ࡟㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡓไసືᶵ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ(c) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕ࣍࣡࢖ࢺࣁ࢘ࢫࡣࡑࡢ⤮⏬ࢆ㹼࡛ᒎ♧ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆỴᐃࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀ㸪᭱⤊ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟♧ࡉࢀࡓᙜ᫬ࡢ࢜ࣂ࣐኱⤫㡿ࡢྲྀࡗࡓ⾜ື࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ(e) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪
ࠕᏛᰯ࡟㏻࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆᣄࢇ࡛࠸ࡿᑡዪࠖ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀ➨ 1 ẁⴠ࡛ᥥ෗ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᏛᰯ࡬ึࡵ࡚Ⓩᰯࡍࡿ≧ἣ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ(f) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕࣟࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡀ㚷㈹⪅࠿ࡽཷࡅྲྀࡗࡓ཯ᛂࡢ኱㒊ศࡣⴭࡋࡃዲពⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿࠕ኱㒊ศࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࢆ⿬௜ࡅࡿ᰿ᣐࡀᮏᩥ୰࡟ぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ(g) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕࢧࢱࢹ࣮࣭࢖ࣈࢽࣥࢢ࣭࣏ࢫࢺ⣬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚≉ู࡟ጤკࡉࢀࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀᮏᩥ➨ 4 ẁⴠ
࡟㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡓไస⤒⦋࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ

㸳
1.

(c)

threeၥ㢟ᩥࡣࠕᮏᩥ୰࡛ゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㖋⹸ࡢ✀㢮ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
➨ 1 ẁⴠ➨ 2㸪3 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ໭༙⌫࡛ከࡃࡢேࠎࡀࡶࡗࡥࡽឤᰁࡍࡿࡢࡣ㸪2 ✀㢮ࡢ㖋⹸(two types of hookworm)࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿู✀ࡢ㖋⹸(another species of hookworm)ࡀᗈ
ࡃぢཷࡅࡽࢀ㸪࢖ࢾࡸࢿࢥࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃே࡟ࡶឤᰁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪(c)ࠕ3ࠖࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

2.

(a)

on a sandy beach in a tourist resortၥ㢟ᩥࡣࠕ㖋⹸ࡀࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ⏕ᜥࡋࡑ࠺࡟࡞࠸ࡢࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅᇦ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
(a) ࠕほගᆅࡢ◁὾ࠖ(b) ࠕᐙ␆ࡢ࠸ࡿ㓗㎰ሙࠖ(c) ࠕ‵ᆅࡸ἟ᆅࠖ(d) ࠕ⏫ࡢ୙⾨⏕࡞ࢫ࣒ࣛ⾤ࠖ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ㖋⹸ࡣ‵ࡗࡓᅵተ࡟⏕ᜥࡋ㸪ᗂ⹸ࡀᏤ໬ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣᅵተࡢ

ᗘࡀᦤẶ 18 ᗘ௨ୖ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ᮲௳ࢆࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ‶ࡓࡋࡑ࠺࡟࡞࠸㸪(a)ࠕほගᆅࡢ◁὾ࠖࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢ࠺ࡕ(c)࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪᭱⤊ẁⴠ➨ 6 ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⓶⫗࡛ࡉ࠼ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸪㖋⹸ࡣ㸪⹢ࡆࡽࢀ㸪⾨⏕≧ែࡢᝏ࠸ᆅᇦ࡟ࡣࡧࡇࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢࡏ࠸࡛㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᆅᇦࡢఫேࡣ㸪ᴟࡵ࡚ຎᝏ࡞㈋ᅔࡢࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࠿ࡽᢤࡅฟࡏ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜
࠶ࡾ㸪㖋⹸ࡢ⏕⫱࡟㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
3.

(b)

Hookworms bore directly through the soles when walking without shoes.

ၥ㢟ᩥࡣࠕ㖋⹸ࡢឤᰁࡀᣑ኱ࡍࡿ௙᪉࡜ࡣ㸪୍⯡࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 2࣭3 ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ᅵࡢୖࢆ〄㊊࡛Ṍ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜㸪య㛗ᩘ࣑࣓࣮ࣜࢺࣝࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࡇ࠺ࡋ
ࡓᑠࡉ࡞⹸ࡀࢳࣕࣥࢫࢆᡭ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ㗦࠸ṑࢆ౑ࡗ࡚㊊⿬ࢆࡓࡸࡍࡃษࡾ⿣ࡁ㸪ࡃࡡࡃࡡ࡜
㌟ࢆࡼࡌࡾ࡞ࡀࡽయෆ࡬ࡢ౵ධࢆᯝࡓࡍࡢࡔࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪(b)ࠕ⣲㊊࡛Ṍ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜㸪㖋⹸ࡣ㊊⿬࡟✰ࢆ࠶ࡅ(bore)㸪ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ┤᥋యෆ࡟౵ධࡍࡿࠖࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
4.

(b)

The human body can naturally expel hookworms.
ࠊࠊၥ㢟ᩥࡣࠕḟࡢᩥࡢ࠺ࡕṇࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡣ࡝ࢀ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
(a) ࠕࡇࡢᐤ⏕⹸ࡣయෆྛᡤࢆ⛣ືࡍࡿࠖ(b) ࠕேయࡣ⮬↛࡜㖋⹸ࢆయእ࡬࡜᤼ฟ࡛ࡁࡿࠖ(c) ࠕ㖋⹸ࡢ౵ධࡣぢⴠ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠖ(d) ࠕ㖋⹸ࡢ⏕࿨࿘ᮇࡣ࠾ࡼࡑ 1 ᖺ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ
➨ 3 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ㖋⹸ࡣேࠎࡢయෆ࡛኱⛣ືࢆጞࡵࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪(a)ࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋࡲࡓྠẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞ఫฎ࡛㖋⹸ࡣ 1 ᖺ㛫ᛌ㐺࡟⏕ࡁᘏࡧࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪(d)ࡶṇࡋ࠸ࠋࡑࡋ
࡚㸪➨ 4 ẁⴠ➨㸰ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢேࡣ㖋⹸ࡢ౵ධ࡟඲ࡃẼࡀࡘ࠿࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪(c)ࡶṇࡋ࠸ࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾ㸪(d)ࠕேయࡣ⮬↛࡜㖋⹸ࢆయእ࡬࡜᤼ฟ࡛ࡁࡿࠖࡔࡅࡀᮏᩥ࡛ゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪ṇゎ࡜
ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ

5.

(d)

having regular bouts of constipation

ࠊࠊ
ၥ㢟ᩥࡣ㸪
ࠕᮏᩥ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪㖋⹸ࡀయෆ࡟ධࡿࡇ࡜࡛⏕ࡌࡿ⑕≧࡛࡞࠸ࡢࡣ࡝ࢀ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
(a) ࠕ㞟୰ࡋ࡙ࡽࡃឤࡌࡿࠖ(b) ࠕ᪥ࠎ⑂ປࢆឤࡌࡿࠖ(c) ࠕ⭡③ࢆឤࡌࡿࠖ(d) ࠕᐃᮇⓗ࡟౽⛎࡟࡞ࡿࠖ➨ 4 ẁⴠ➨ 4 ᩥ࡟㸪
ࠕ㈋⾑ࡢࡏ࠸࡛௨๓ࡼࡾࡶ⑂ປ࡜యຊࡢ⾶࠼ࢆឤࡌࡿேࡶ࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠶ࡿ
ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪(b)ࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋࡲࡓྠẁⴠ➨ 5 ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕ᫂ᬓ࡞ᛮ⪃ࢆࡍࡿࡢࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡎ㸪ࡇࢀࡣࠗ⬻࡟㟝ࡀ࠿࠿ࡗࡓ≧ែ࠘ࡔ࡜ᕦࡳ࡟ゝ࠸ᅇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪(a)ࡶṇࡋ࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ྠẁⴠ➨ 6 ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕ㣗ḧࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾ⭡㒊ࡢ③ࡳࢆឤࡌࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪(c)ࡶṇࡋ࠸ࠋ௨ୖࡼ
ࡾ㸪(d)ࠕᐃᮇⓗ࡟౽⛎࡟࡞ࡿࠖࡔࡅࡀᮏᩥ࡛ゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪ṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ

6.

(c)

The worms reduce the patient’s capacity to function well.

ၥ㢟ᩥࡣ㸪ࠕᮏᩥ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪㖋⹸࡬ࡢឤᰁࡀ㔜⑕໬ࡍࡿ࡜ᝈ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ၥ㢟࡞ࡢࡣ࡞ࡐ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ᭱⤊ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪㖋⹸ࡢࡏ࠸࡛㸪♫఍࡟༑ศᐤ୚࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ேࡀከ࠸
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪(c)ࠕࡇࡢ⹸ࡢࡏ࠸࡛㸪ᝈ⪅ࡀ༑ศ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ⬟ຊࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠖࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ

ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

7.

(b)

The problem can impede local socio-economic development for years on end.

ၥ㢟ᩥࡣ㸪ࠕᮏᩥ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪㖋⹸ࡀࡣࡧࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᆅᇦ࡛㉳ࡇࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࡢࡣఱ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
᭱⤊ẁⴠ➨ 6 ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⓶⫗࡛ࡉ࠼ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸪㖋⹸ࡣ㸪⹢ࡆࡽࢀ㸪⾨⏕≧ែࡢᝏ࠸ᆅᇦ࡟ࡣࡧࡇࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢࡏ࠸࡛㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᆅᇦࡢఫேࡣ㸪ᴟࡵ࡚ຎᝏ࡞㈋ᅔࡢࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࠿ࡽᢤࡅ
ฟࡏ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪(b)ࠕࡑࡢၥ㢟ࡢࡏ࠸࡛㸪ᆅᇦࡢ♫఍⤒῭ⓗ࡞Ⓨᒎࡀ㛗ᮇ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚㜼ᐖࡉࢀ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠖࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ

㸴
1.

(c)

I am really confused. The builders (are supposed to be at the property this week according to the contract).

➨୍㡯࡛(࢖)ࢆ㑅ࡪ࡜㸪➨஧㡯(࢔)(࢖)཮᪉࡜ࡢ⧅ࡀࡾࡀぢฟࡏ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪➨୍㡯ࡣ(࢔)ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ<besupposed to do~> ࡣࠕ㹼ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨୍㡯(࢔)ࡢ᭱ᚋࡀ๓⨨モ࡛⤊ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ➨஧㡯ࡣྡモ the property ࡛ጞࡲࡿ(࢖)ࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨୕㡯ࡣᩥពࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿ࡜(࢔)ࡀ
ጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(࢖)ࡣ๓⨨モ to ࡢព࿡ࡀ㏻ࡽ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ୙㐺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2.

(g)OK, let me explain how brainstorming is done. Brainstorming might (start by generating a list of ideas thatcome to your mind on a given topic).
➨஧㡯ࢆᡭ᥃࠿ࡾ࡟⟅࠼ࢆỴࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ➨஧㡯(࢖)ࡢ that ࡣ➨୍㡯(࢖)ࡢ ideas ࢆඛ⾜モ࡜ࡍࡿ㛵ಀ௦ྡモ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀ࡛ព࿡ࡶ㏻ࡿࡓࡵ➨஧㡯ࡣ(࢖)㸪ేࡏ࡚➨୍㡯ࡶ(࢖)ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨୕㡯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪(࢖)ࡣ topics ࡜࠸࠺ྡモ࡛ጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪๓㡯(࢖)࡟ࡣ⧅ࡄࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡺ࠼࡟(࢔)ࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ(࢔)ࡣࠕ≉ᐃࡢࢺࣆࢵࢡ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛㸪➨୍㡯(࢖)➨஧㡯(࢖)࡜ࡢព࿡ⓗ࡞ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡶၥ
㢟ࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ
3.

(g)

We all found her lecture just brilliant. And it also ended with a (touching display of appreciation for thesupport the organization team provided).
➨୍㡯ࡣ display ࡜࠸࠺ྡモࢆಟ㣭ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ touch ࡢ㐣ཤศモ࡜⌧ᅾศモࡢ࡝ࡕࡽࡀ㐺ᙜ࠿ࢆၥ࠺࡚࠸ࡿࠋtouch ࡟ࡣࠕឤືࡉࡏࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ಟ㣭ᑐ㇟ࡀ display ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ(࢖)ࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨஧㡯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪(࢖)ࡀ of ࡛ጞࡲࡿ๓⨨モྃ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪➨୍㡯(࢖)࡜⧅ࡄࡇ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚➨୕㡯ࡣ㸪➨஧㡯(࢖)ࡢ᭱⤊㒊ศ the support ࢆಟ㣭ࡍࡿ㛵ಀモ⠇࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ(࢔)ࢆ㑅ࡪࡢࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨஧㡯(࢔)ࡣᵓ㐀ⓗࡲࡓព࿡ⓗ࡟➨୕㡯࡜⧅ࡀࡽ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ୙㐺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ4.

(b)

If my memory is correct about that film director, he (had not appeared in public for years before his latest

megahit thriller came) out this summer.
➨୍㡯(࢖)࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ appear ࡣ⮬ືモ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ཷືែ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡺ࠼࡟➨୍㡯ࡣ(࢔)ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨୍㡯(࢔)ᮎᑿࡢ in ࡟⥆ࡅ࡚➨஧㡯࡛(࢔)ࢆ㑅࡭ࡤ “in public” ࠕே๓࡛ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᡂྃࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪ព࿡ࡶ㏻ࡿࠋ➨୕㡯࡛ࡣ㸪➨஧㡯(࢔)ࡢ㏵୰࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿ before ⠇࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐣ཤ᏶஢ᙧࡢ㍈࡜࡞ࡿ᫬Ⅼࡀタᐃࡉࢀࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡺ࠼࡟(࢖)ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ(࢔)ࡣ to come out this summer ࡀᙧᐜモྃ࡜
ࡋ࡚ megahit ࢆಟ㣭ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࠕࡇࡢኟ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡿ኱ࣄࢵࢺసရ࡛ࠖࡣ㡰ᗎࡀ࠾࠿ࡋ࠸ࠋ
5.

(e)

I was curious how the place is rated, and I have found one review that is (saying the accommodation has

everything you could want in a budget hotel) in London.
➨୍㡯ࡣ㸪๓࡟࠶ࡿ that ࡀ one review ࢆᣦࡍ㛵ಀ௦ྡモ࡞ࡢ࡛ saying ࡛ጞࡲࡿ(࢖)ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ <say ~>࡛ࠕ㹼࡜᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ゝ࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨஧㡯ࡣ㸪➨୍㡯᭱ᚋࡢືモ has ࡢ┠ⓗㄒ࡜࡞ࡿྡモ
everything ࡛ጞࡲࡿ(࢔)ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨୕㡯ࡣ㸪➨஧㡯᭱ᚋࡢຓືモ could ࡟⧅ࡀࡿືモࡢཎᙧ want ࡛ࡣࡌࡲࡿ(࢔)ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋa budget hotel ࡣࠕᏳᐟࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ6.

(e)What am I up to? Well, you know I have never been (much of an outdoor person, but I have been talked

into camping by some new mates) of mine.
➨୍㡯ࡣ㸪୺ㄒࡢ I ࡀ༢ᩘࢆ⾲ࡍࡢ࡛⿵ㄒ࡟༢ᩘྡモ person ࢆྵࡴ(࢖)ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ(࢔)࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿྡモҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨpeople ࡣ㞟ྜྡモ࡛」ᩘᢅ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨஧㡯࡛(࢖)㑅ࡪ࡜㸪➨୕㡯ࡢ(࢔)࡛ࡣࠕㄝᚓࡍࡿࠖ࡜ゝ࠺ព࿡ࡢ௚ືモ talk ࡢ┠ⓗㄒࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡲࡓ๓⨨モ into ࡢ┠ⓗㄒࡶே࡜࡞ࡾᡂ❧ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ➨୕㡯ࡢ(࢖)࡛ࡣ
๓⨨モࡀ into ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ for ࡜࡞ࡾࡇࢀࡶᡂ❧ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚➨஧㡯ࡣ㸪(࢔)ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨୕㡯ࡣ㸪<talk A
into doing~>ࠕA ࢆ㹼ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ㄝᚓࡍࡿࠖࡢཷືែ࡜࡞ࡿ(࢔)ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ
7.

(e)Going way back in this guitar legend’s life, he was influenced by a (number of earlier guitarists, but the onethat made him aware of the instrument was) Muddy Waters.
➨୍㡯ࡣ㸪┤๓ࡢ୙ᐃෙモ a ࡟⧅ࡀࡿྡモ number ࡛ጞࡲࡿ(࢖)ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ<a number of ~>ࡣࠕከࡃࡢ㹼ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨஧㡯ࡣ㸪➨୍㡯ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿᐃෙモ the ࡟⧅ࡀࡿ௦ྡモ one ࡛ጞࡲࡿ(࢔)ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨୕㡯ࡣ㸪(࢔)ࡔ࡜ of ࡛ጞࡲࡿ๪モྃ㸪(࢖)ࡔ࡜ to ࡛ጞࡲࡿ୙ᐃモྃ࡜࡞ࡿࡀ㸪➨஧㡯᭱ᚋࡢᙧᐜモaware ࡟⧅ࡀࡿࡢࡣ(࢔)࡛࠶ࡿࠋ<be aware to do ~> ࡣ㏻ᖖ࿨௧ᩥ࡛⏝࠸࡚㸪ࠕ㹼ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟Ẽࢆ௜ࡅ࡞ࡉ
࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
8.

(a)

I want to share a story about a talent that I have known. Didn’t you have a kid (or two in your class who ishilariously good at impersonating your teachers without) them knowing it?
➨୍㡯ࡣ㸪┤๓ࡢ a kid ࡟⧅ࡀࡿ᥋⥆モ or ࡛ጞࡲࡿ(࢔)ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨஧㡯ࡣ㸪➨୍㡯ࡢ᭱ᚋࡢືモ is ࡟⧅ࡀࡿᙧᐜモ good ࢆྵࡴ(࢔)ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ(࢖)ࡢྡモ impersonator ࢆ is ࡟⥆ࡃ⿵ㄒ࡜ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ୙ᐃෙモࡢ
a ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ impersonate ࡣࠕࡶࡢࡲࡡࢆࡍࡿࠖ࡜ゝ࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨୕㡯ࡣ㸪➨஧㡯ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿ
ᡤ᭷᱁ࡢ௦ྡモ your ࡟⧅ࡀࡿྡモ teachers ࡛ጞࡲࡿ(࢔)ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋㅮホ㸯㹙ㄒᙡ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ㞴㸧 㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢㄒᙡࣞ࣋ࣝࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪ṇゎࡢุ᩿࡟㏞࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ୍㒊ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸰㹙୙せᩥ᤼㝖㹛㸦ࡸࡸ㞴㸧 ᪧࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂኱ၥ 3A ࡜ྠᙧᘧࠋࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ᮏᩥ࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ 1 ᩥࡢሙᡤࢆධࢀ᭰࠼࡚୙せᩥ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪๓ᚋࡢᩥ⬦ࡀ」ᩘಶᡤ࡛ᡂࡾ❧ࡓ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋุ᩿ࡢ᰿ᣐ࡟㏞࠺ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

㸱㹙ᩥ୰ㄒྃᩚᗎ㹛 㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕグ᠈ࡢ௙⤌ࡳ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ 2 ✀ࡢ⣽⬊ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋ౛ᖺࡼࡾࡶ๓ᚋࡢ᝟ሗ࡟౫Ꮡࡏࡎ࡟㸪ရモ࡜ᩥᵓ㐀ࢆព㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ṇゎࢆᑟࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿタၥࡀከ࠸ࠋ㸲㹙㛗ᩥ⥲ྜ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕࣀ࣮࣐࣭ࣥࣟࢵࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡢᥥ࠸ࡓே✀ᕪูࢆ࿌Ⓨࡍࡿ⤮⏬ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋ✵ᡤ⿵඘ၥ㢟࡛ࡣ㢖ฟㄒᙡࡀၥࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㞴༢ㄒ࡟ᝨࢃࡉࢀࡎ࡟㑅ᢥ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡛ᕪࡀࡘࡃࠋ㸳㹙㛗ᩥෆᐜ୍⮴㹛 㸦ࡸࡸ᫆㸧 ࠕ㖋⹸ࡢ⏕ែཬࡧࣄࢺ࡬ࡢឤᰁ࡜ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋ୍㒊ุ᩿࡟㏞࠺㑅ᢥ⫥ࡶ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣゎ⟅ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ㸴㹙ⱥᩥ᏶ᡂ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ᪧࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂኱ၥ 2C ࡜ྠᙧᘧࠋ୍㒊ุ᩿࡟㏞࠺タၥࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࡀ㸪ᩥἲ࣭ㄒἲࡢᇶᮏ▱㆑࡛ゎ⟅࡛ࡁࡿࠋ᫖ᖺᗘᚋᮇ࡜኱ၥෆᐜ࣭ᙧᘧࡣྠᵝࡔࡀ㸪๓༙ࡢ኱ၥ 2 ࡘࡣᚓⅬࡋ࡙ࡽ࠸ࠋ኱ၥ 3 ௨㝆ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ᫆࠸タၥࢆྲྀࡾࡇࡰࡉ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せࠋ┠ᶆࡣ 70%

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