Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
This document has been produced for informational purposes only.

Act C of 2012
on the Criminal CodeThe National Assembly,
with a view to protecting the inviolable and inalienable fundamental rights of human beings,
as well as the independence, territorial integrity, economy and national assets of the country,
taking into account the obligations of Hungary under international and European Union law,for the purpose of exerting the State’s exclusive criminal jurisdiction,
adopts the following Act:GENERAL PARTCHAPTER I
FUNDAMENTAL PROVISIONS
Principle of legality
Section 1 (1) The criminal liability of the perpetrator shall be established only for an act
which was punishable under an Act at the time of commission, except for acts punishable
under the generally recognised rules of international law.
(2) No penalty shall be imposed and no measure shall be applied due to committing acriminal offence if it was not provided for by an Act at the time of commission or, if section
2 (2) is applied, of adjudication.
CHAPTER IIHUNGARIAN CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
Temporal scope
Section 2 (1) A criminal offence shall be adjudicated under the criminal law in force at thetime of commission, with the exceptions specified in paragraphs (2) to (3).
(2) If an act is not a criminal offence under the new criminal law in force at the time ofadjudicating the act, or is to be adjudged more leniently, the new criminal law shall apply.
(3) The new criminal law shall apply retroactively for adjudicating an act punishable under
the generally recognised rules of international law if the act was not punishable under the
Hungarian criminal law at the time of commission.
Territorial and personal scope
Section 3 (1) Hungarian criminal law shall apply toa) criminal offences committed in Hungary,b) criminal offences committed on vessels flying the flag of Hungary or on aircraft flying
the flag of Hungary being outside the territory of Hungary,c) acts committed by Hungarian nationals abroad if the act constitutes a criminal offence
under Hungarian law.
(2) Hungarian criminal law shall apply toa) acts committed by persons other than Hungarian nationals abroad if the actaa) constitutes a criminal offence under Hungarian law and is also punishable under the lawof the place where it was committed,

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Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
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ab) is a criminal offence against the State, except for espionage against allied armed forcesand espionage against the institutions of the European Union, whether or not the act ispunishable under the law applicable to the locality where it was committed,ac) is a criminal offence defined in Chapter XIII or XIV, or any other criminal offence to beprosecuted under an international treaty promulgated by an Act,b) acts committed by persons other than Hungarian nationals abroad against a Hungariannational, or a legal person or other legal entity without legal personality established under
Hungarian law, which are punishable under the Hungarian law.
(3) In the cases specified in paragraph (2), the criminal proceedings shall be launched by theProsecutor General.
CHAPTER III
CRIMINAL LIABILITY
Criminal offence
Section 4 (1) A criminal offence shall mean an act committed intentionally or, where
negligent commission is punishable under this Act, negligently which is a danger to society
and is subject to punishment under this Act.
(2) An activity or omission shall constitute an act that is dangerous to society if it harms orendangers the person or rights of others or the social, economic or state order of Hungary as
laid down by the Fundamental Law.
Section 5 A criminal offence shall be a felony or a misdemeanour. A felony shall mean an
intentional criminal offence which is punishable by a penalty of over two years of
imprisonment under this Act, and any other criminal offence shall constitute a misdemeanour.
Concurrence of criminal offences and continuous criminal offences
Section 6 (1) Concurrence of criminal offences means that one or more acts by theperpetrator constitute more than one criminal offence, and they are adjudicated in a single
proceeding.
(2) If the perpetrator commits the same criminal offence against the same aggrieved party
with the same determination multiple times at short intervals, it shall constitute a continuous
criminal offence instead of concurrence.
IntentSection 7 A criminal offence shall be considered intentional if the perpetrator desired or
accepted the consequences of his act.
Negligence
Section 8 A criminal offence shall be considered negligent if the perpetrator foresees thepossible consequences of his act but recklessly trusts that they would not take place, or if hecannot foresee the possible consequences of his act because he fails to exercise the care or
circumspection expected of him.
Liability for result as a qualifying circumstance
Section 9 The more severe legal consequences attached to the result of a criminal offence,as a qualifying circumstance, shall only be applied if the perpetrator was at least negligent
regarding the result.

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Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
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Attempt
Section 10 (1) A person shall be punishable for attempt if he commenced but did notcomplete the commission of an intentional criminal offence.
(2) An attempt shall be subject to the same penalty range as the completed criminal offence.
(3) The punishment may be reduced without limitation or dispensed with if the attempt wasmade on an unsuitable object, with an unsuitable instrument, or in an unsuitable manner.
(4) A person shall not be liable to punishment for attempt ifa) the criminal offence is not completed due to his voluntary abandonment, orb) he voluntarily averts the occurrence of the result.
(5) If, in a case specified in paragraph (4), the attempt constitutes a criminal offence in andof itself, the perpetrator shall be punished for that criminal offence.
Preparation
Section 11 (1) If specifically required by this Act, a person shall be punishable forpreparation if, for the purpose of committing a criminal offence, he provides the conditions
necessary for it or facilitating it, or invites, offers or undertakes to commit, or agrees tocommit jointly, the criminal offence.
(2) A person shall not be liable to punishment for preparation ifa) the commission of the criminal offence is not commenced due to his voluntaryabandonment, orb) he withdraws his earlier invitation, offer, or undertaking in order to avert commission, orseeks to have the other participants abandon the commission, provided that the commission of
the criminal offence is not commenced for any reason, orc) he reports the preparation to the authority before the commission of the criminal offence
is commenced.
(3) If, in a case specified in paragraph (2), the preparation constitutes a criminal offence inand of itself, the perpetrator shall be punished for that criminal offence.
The perpetrator
Section 12 Offenders, indirect offenders, and joint offenders (hereinafter jointly the“offenders”), and instigators and abettors (hereinafter jointly the “accessories”) shall be theperpetrators.
Section 13 (1) Offender means a person who fulfils the statutory elements of a criminal
offence.
(2) Indirect offender means a person who fulfils the statutory elements of an intentional
criminal offence by using a person who is not liable to punishment for this act due to infancy,
mental disorder, coercion or threat, or is in error.
(3) Joint offenders mean persons who fulfil the statutory elements of an intentional criminal
offence jointly and with knowledge of the activities of each other.
Section 14 (1) Instigator means a person who intentionally induces another person tocommit a criminal offence.
(2) Abettor means a person who intentionally provides assistance for the commission of acriminal offence.
(3) Accessories shall be subject to the same penalty range as offenders.

3Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
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CHAPTER IVREASONS FOR EXCLUDING OR LIMITING LIABILITY TO PUNISHMENT
Section 15 The perpetrator’s liability to punishment or the punishability of an act shall be
excluded or limited by the following:a) infancy,b) mental disorder,c) coercion or threat,d) error,e) justifiable defence,f) necessity,g) permission by law,h) any other reason specified in an Act.
Infancy
Section 16 A person shall not be liable to punishment if he has not attained the age offourteen years when committing the punishable act, except for homicide [section 160 (1) to(2)], homicide in the heat of passion (section 161), causing bodily harm [section 164 (8)],terrorist act [section 314 (1) to (4)], robbery [section 365 (1) to (4)], or robbery of avulnerable person [section 366 (2) to (3)], provided that the perpetrator has attained the age oftwelve years when committing the criminal offence, and he possessed the faculties required torecognise the consequences of the criminal offence at the time of commission.
Mental disorder
Section 17 (1) A person shall not be liable to punishment if he commits the punishable act
in a state of mental disorder that renders him unable to recognise the consequences of his act
or to act according to such recognition.
(2) The punishment may be reduced without limitation if his mental disorder limits theability of the perpetrator to recognise the consequences of his act or to act according to such
recognition.
Section 18 Section 17 shall not apply to a person who commits a criminal offence in a
drunken or otherwise intoxicated state induced due to his own fault.
Coercion and threat
Section 19 (1) A person shall not be liable to punishment if he commits a punishable act
under coercion or threat which prevents him from acting in line with his own will.
(2) The punishment may be reduced without limitation if the coercion or threat limits theability of the perpetrator of a criminal offence to act in line with his own will.
Error
Section 20 (1) A perpetrator shall not be liable to punishment for a fact of which he was notaware at the time of commission.
(2) A person shall not be liable to punishment if he commits a punishable act under the false
assumption that the act is not a danger to society, and he has a reasonable ground for thisassumption.
(3) Liability to punishment shall not be excluded by error if the error is due to negligence,and negligent commission is punishable under this Act.

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Justifiable defence
Section 21 A person’s act shall not be punishable if he harms an illegal attacker using ameans of defence that is not capable of killing a person, installed for the purpose of
preventing illegal attacks against his own person or property, or that of other persons,provided that the defending person took all measures which can be expected of him under thecircumstances, to prevent that harm be caused by the installed means of defence.
Section 22 (1) A person’s act shall not be punishable if it is necessary to avert an actual or
imminent illegal attack against his own person or property or that of another person or
persons, or against the interest of the public.
(2) An illegal attack shall be deemed to be directed against the life of the defending person
ifa) it is committed against a personaa) at night,ab) with a weapon,ac) with an instrument capable of causing death, orad) by a group,b) a home is entered illegallyba) at night,bb) with a weapon,bc) with an instrument capable of causing death, orbd) by a group, orc) a fenced area of a home is entered illegally and with a weapon.
(3) A person shall not be liable to punishment if he exceeds the necessary extent of averting
due to fright or excusable excitement.
(4) A person under attack shall not be required to escape from the illegal attack.
Necessity
Section 23 (1) A person’s act shall not be punishable if he saves his own person or property,or that of another person from an imminent danger that cannot be averted by any other means,or if he acts to protect the interest of the public, provided that his action does not cause any
harm greater than what he sought to avert.
(2) A person shall not be liable to punishment for causing harm greater than what he soughtto avert if he did not recognise the scale of the harm due to his fright or excusable excitement.
(3) Necessity shall not be taken into account to the benefit of a person who is at fault incausing the danger, or who is obliged to take the risk of danger by virtue of his profession.
Permission by law
Section 24 An act shall not be punishable if it is permitted, or is declared to be without
punishment, by law.

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Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
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CHAPTER V
REASONS FOR TERMINATING LIABILITY TO PUNISHMENT
Section 25 Liability to punishment shall be terminated bya) the death of the perpetrator,b) statute of limitations,c) pardon,d) active repentance,e) another reason specified in an Act.
Statute of limitations regarding liability to punishment
Section 26 (1) With the exceptions specified in paragraphs (2) to (3) and unless otherwise
provided in the Act excluding the statute of limitations for certain criminal offences, liability
to punishment shall become statute-barred after a period corresponding to the maximum of
the penalty range, but at least after five years.
(2) For criminal offences specified in Chapter XXVII, liability to punishment shall become
statute-barred after twelve years.
(3) Liability to punishment shall not become statute-barred for criminal offencesa) specified in Chapters XIII and XIV,b) that may be punished also by life imprisonment, andc) specified in Chapter XIX and punishable by more than five years of imprisonment if theaggrieved party of the criminal offence had not attained the age of eighteen years when thecriminal offence was committed.
Section 27 The first day of the limitation period shall bea) for a completed criminal offence, the day when the statutory elements are fulfilled,b) for an attempt and preparation, the day when the act constituting the attempt or
preparation is finished,c) for a criminal offence that is committed solely by failing to perform an obligation, theday when the perpetrator could still perform his obligation without any consequence under
this Act,d) for a criminal offence that is committed by maintaining an illegal state of affairs, the day
when this state of affairs terminates.
Section 28 (1) The limitation period shall be interrupted if the court, prosecution service,investigating authority, or, in a case with an international dimension, the minister responsible
for justice or a foreign authority takes any criminal procedural action against the perpetrator
due to the criminal offence. The limitation period shall start again on the day of interruption.
(1a) If the aggrieved party of homicide in the heat of passion, of intentionally causing
grievous bodily harm if punishable by more than three years of imprisonment, of kidnapping,of trafficking in human beings, of violation of personal freedom, or, with the exception
specified in section 26 (3) c), of a criminal offence against the freedom of sexual life andsexual morality had not yet attained the age of eighteen years when the criminal offence wascommitted, the limitation period shall not include the period left until the aggrieved party
attains or would have attained the age of eighteen years.
(2) If criminal proceedings are suspended, the limitation period shall not include the periodof suspension. This provision shall not apply if criminal proceedings are suspended because
the perpetrator could not be identified during the investigation, his whereabouts are unknownor he became affected by a mental disorder, or if the whereabouts of the defendant at liberty
abroad are known and criminal proceedings cannot be conducted in his absence.

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(3) The limitation period shall not include any period during which criminal proceedings
could not have been commenced or continued due to immunity arising from public office,because the immunity based on an Act was not lifted by the entity authorised to decide on thematter. This provision shall not apply to criminal offences punishable on the basis of a privatemotion, where a private prosecuting party represents prosecution.
(4) The limitation period shall not include the probationary period if release on probation isordered, and the period of reparation work.
Active repentance
Section 29 (1) A person shall not be liable to punishment if he confessed to the commissionof a misdemeanour, or a felony punishable by not more than three years of imprisonment,
against life, physical integrity and health, human freedom, human dignity and certain
fundamental rights, property or intellectual property, or of a traffic-related misdemeanour or
felony punishable by not more than three years of imprisonment before being indicted, andmade reparation for the harm caused by the criminal offence in a manner and to the extent
accepted by the aggrieved party in the course of a mediation procedure, or prior to a
mediation procedure but as approved by the agreement concluded during the mediation
procedure. This provision shall also apply if the criminal offence committed against life,
physical integrity and health, human freedom, human dignity and certain fundamental rights,
property or intellectual property, or the traffic-related criminal offence, is the dominantcriminal offence of those constituting concurrence.
(2) The punishment may be reduced without limitation if, for criminal offences specified inparagraph (1), the perpetrator confessed to the commission of a felony punishable by not morethan five years of imprisonment before being indicted, and made reparation for the harmcaused by the criminal offence in a manner and to the extent accepted by the aggrieved party
in the course of a mediation procedure, or prior to a mediation procedure but as approved by
the agreement concluded during the mediation procedure. This provision shall also apply if
the criminal offence committed against life, physical integrity and health, human freedom,human dignity and certain fundamental rights, property or intellectual property, or the trafficrelated criminal offence, is the dominant criminal offence of those constituting concurrence.
(3) Paragraphs (1) to (2) shall not apply ifa) the perpetrator is a multiple or special recidivist,b) the perpetrator committed the criminal offence in a criminal organisation,c) the criminal offence caused death,d) the perpetrator committed the intentional criminal offence during the probationary periodof a suspended imprisonment or after being sentenced to imprisonment to be served forcommitting an intentional criminal offence, but before enforcement of the sentence wascompleted, or during the period of release on probation or conditional suspension by aprosecutor, ore) the perpetrator earlier participated in a mediation procedure due to committing an
intentional criminal offence and, for this reason, paragraph (1) or (2) was applied to him,provided that less than two years passed between the decision reaching administrative finality
and the commission of the subsequent intentional criminal offence.

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Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
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CHAPTER VI
OTHER OBSTACLES TO ESTABLISHING CRIMINAL LIABILITY
Section 30 The absence ofa) private motion,b) crime reportshall be an obstacle to establishing criminal liability.
Absence of private motion
Section 31 (1) In the cases specified in this Act, the perpetrator of a criminal offence may
only be punished upon a private motion.
(2) The aggrieved party shall be entitled to file a private motion.
(3) In the cases specified in section 69 (5) of the Act XC of 2017 on the Code of Criminal
Procedure, only the statutory representative of the aggrieved party may file the privatemotion. If the aggrieved party is a minor having limited capacity to act, the private motion
may be filed by him or his statutory representative. In these cases, the private motion may
also be filed by the guardianship authority. If there is a conflict of interests, the provisions of
the Civil Code shall apply.
(4) If the aggrieved party entitled to file a private motion dies, the private motion may be
filed by his relative.
(5) A private motion filed against any of the perpetrators shall be effective against all
perpetrators.
(6) A private motion may not be withdrawn.
Absence of crime report
Section 32 (1) In the cases specified in this Act, the perpetrator of a criminal offence may
only be punished upon the crime report filed by the person entitled to do so.
CHAPTER VII
PENALTIES
Section 33 (1) Penalties shall be the following:a) imprisonment,b) confinement,c) community service,d) financial penalty,e) disqualification from a profession,f) disqualification from driving a vehicle,g) ban on entering certain areas,h) ban on visiting sports events,i) expulsion.
(2) A secondary penalty shall be exclusion from participating in public affairs.
(3) With the exceptions specified in paragraphs (5) and (6), penalties may be imposed
simultaneously.
(4) If the maximum of the penalty range for a criminal offence does not exceed three yearsof imprisonment then confinement, community service, financial penalty, disqualificationfrom a profession, disqualification from driving a vehicle, ban on entering certain areas, ban
on visiting sports events, or expulsion may be imposed, individually or in any combination,
instead of imprisonment.
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Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
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(5) If the criminal offence is to be punished by confinement under this Act, community
service, financial penalty, disqualification from a profession, disqualification from driving avehicle, ban on entering certain areas, ban on visiting sports events, or expulsion may be
imposed, individually or in any combination, instead of or in addition to confinement.
(6) It shall not be possible to imposea) confinement or community service in addition to imprisonment,b) community service or financial penalty in addition to expulsion,c) financial penalty in addition to life imprisonment.
Imprisonment
Section 34 Imprisonment shall be imposed for a fixed period or for life.
Section 35 (1) If the court imposes a sentence of imprisonment, it shall be enforced in lowsecurity penal institution, medium-security penal institution, or high-security penal institution.
(2) With regard to the circumstances taken into account at sentencing, the penalty may beordered to be enforced in a penal institution one level below or above the security levelspecified in the Act. This provision shall not apply to life imprisonment imposed under
section 44 (1) to (2) or section 90 (2).
Fixed-term imprisonment
Section 36 The term of a fixed-term imprisonment shall not be shorter than three months or
longer than twenty years; if the perpetrator commits the criminal offence in a criminalorganisation or as a special or multiple recidivist, or if a concurrent sentence or accumulative
sentence is imposed, the term of fixed-term imprisonment shall not be longer than twenty-fiveyears.
Section 37 (1) Imprisonment imposed for a misdemeanour shall be enforced in a lowsecurity penal institution, unless the convict is a recidivist.
(2) Imprisonment shall be enforced in a medium-security penal institution if it was imposeda) for felony, orb) for misdemeanour and the convict is a recidivist.
(3) Imprisonment shall be enforced in a high-security penal institution ifa) imprisonment for three years or more was imposed foraa) a criminal offence specified in Chapters XIII, XIV or XXIV,ab) a military criminal offence that may be punished also by life imprisonment,ac) a terrorist act [section 314 (1) to (2), sections 315 to 316/A], terrorism financing[sections 318 and 318/A], unlawful seizure of a vehicle [section 320 (1) to (3)], participation
in a criminal organisation [section 321 (1)], abuse of explosives or detonating equipment(section 324), abuse of firearms or ammunition [section 325 (1) to (3)], abuse of a weapon
prohibited by an international treaty [section 326 (1) to (6)], abuse of military products orservices [section 329 (1) to (4)], abuse of dual-use products [section 330 (1) to (3),ad) an aggravated case of homicide, drug trafficking, drug possession, kidnapping,trafficking in human beings, sexual violence, causing public danger, violation of aninternational economic restriction or robbery [section 160 (2), section 176 (2) to (3), section
177 (1) to (2), section 178 (2), section 179 (2), section 190 (2) to (4), section 192 (2) to (6) ,section 197 (2) to (4), section 322 (2) to (3), section 327 (3), section 365 (3) to (4)]orb) the term of imprisonment is two years or more, andba) the convict is a multiple recidivist, orbb) the convict committed the criminal offence in a criminal organisation.

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Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
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Release on parole from fixed-term imprisonment
Section 38 (1) If fixed-term imprisonment is imposed, the court shall specify in its
conclusive decision the earliest date of release on parole, or, in the case specified in paragraph(4), shall establish that the possibility of release on parole is excluded.
(2) If the possibility of release on parole is not excluded, its earliest date shall be the day
after servinga) two-thirdsb) for a recidivist, three-quartersof the sentence, but at least three months.
(3) If imprisonment for a period not exceeding five years is imposed, the court, in cases
deserving special consideration, may order in its conclusive decision that the convict may bereleased on parole after serving half of his sentence. This provision shall not apply if theconvict is a multiple recidivist.
(4) A convict shall not be released on parole ifa) he is a multiple recidivist and the imprisonment is to be served in a high-security penal
institution,b) he is a violent multiple recidivist,c) he committed the criminal offence in a criminal organisation,d) he was sentenced to imprisonment for an intentional criminal offence committed after
being previously sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment to be served, but before enforcementof the sentence was completed or its enforceability ceased.
Section 39 (1) For fixed-term imprisonment, the period of parole shall be equal to theremaining period of imprisonment, but at least one year. If section 38 (3) is applied, the court
may order in its conclusive decision that the period of parole be extended by at least one, but
no more than three years.
(2) If the remaining period of imprisonment is less than one year and its enforcement has
not been ordered, after the expiry of the period of parole, the sentence shall be deemed to beserved as of the last day of the remaining period.
Section 40 (1) The court shall terminate the parole if the convict is sentenced to
imprisonment to be serveda) during the period of parole, for a criminal offence committed after the conclusive
decision became final and binding, orb) for a criminal offence committed during the period of parole.
(2) The court may terminate the parole if the convict is sentenced to a penalty other thanthose specified in paragraph (1).
(3) If the parole is terminated, the period spent on parole shall not be credited to the periodof imprisonment.
(4) If a sentence of imprisonment is to be enforced against the convict during the period ofparole for a criminal offence committed before the previous conclusive decision became final
and binding, the enforcement of the sentence shall interrupt the period of parole, and the court
shall postpone the earliest date of resuming the parolea) until the date of release on parole from the latter sentence of imprisonment, orb) until the latter sentence of imprisonment is served if the possibility of release on parole
for that sentence of imprisonment is excluded.

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Life imprisonment
Section 41 (1) Life imprisonment may be imposed only on persons who have attained theage of twenty years when committing the criminal offence. This provision shall also apply tolife imprisonment imposed under section 90 (2).
(2) A sentence of life imprisonment shall be served in a high-security penal institution.
Release on parole from life imprisonment
Section 42 (1) If life imprisonment is imposed, the court shall specify in its conclusive
decision the earliest date of release on parole, or shall exclude the possibility of release onparole.
Section 43 (1) If life imprisonment is imposed by the court without excluding thepossibility of release on parole, its earliest date shall be at least after twenty-five but not morethan forty years. The earliest date of release on parole shall be specified in years.
(2) If life imprisonment is imposed, the period of parole shall be at least fifteen years.
Section 44 (1) If life imprisonment is imposed, the court shall be entitled to exclude thepossibility of release on parole only with regard to the following criminal offences:a) genocide [section 142 (1)],b) crimes against humanity [section 143 (1)],c) apartheid [section 144 (1) and (3)],d) aggravated case of violence against a parlementaire [section 148 (2)],e) violence against protected persons [section 149 (1) to (2)],f) use of a weapon prohibited by an international treaty [section 155 (1)],g) other war crimes (section 158),h) aggravated case of homicide [section 160 (2)],l) aggravated case of kidnapping [section 190 (3) to (4)],j) aggravated case of trafficking in human beings [section 192 (6)],k) changing the constitutional order by force [section 254 (1)],l) aggravated case of destruction [section 257 (2)],m) aggravated case of prisoner mutiny [section 284 (4)],n) terrorist act [section 314 (1)],o) aggravated case of unlawful seizure of a vehicle [section 320 (2)],p) aggravated case of causing public danger [section 322 (3)],q) aggravated case of mutiny [section 442 (4)],r) aggravated case of violence against a military superior or a serving officer [section 445(5)],
if committed by violence against a person or thing.
(2) The possibility of release on parole shall be excluded if the perpetratora) is a violent multiple recidivist, orb) committed the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) in a criminal organisation.
Section 45 (1) If, while serving his sentence of life imprisonment, the convict is sentenced
to fixed-term imprisonment to be served for a criminal offence committed before being
sentenced to life imprisonment, the court shall postpone the earliest date of release on parole
for the period of the fixed-term imprisonment to be served.
(2) If, while released on parole from his life imprisonment, the convict is sentenced to fixedterm imprisonment to be served for a criminal offence committed before being sentenced tolife imprisonment, the court shall terminate the parole and postpone the earliest date of releaseon parole for the period of the fixed-term imprisonment to be served.

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(3) If, while serving his sentence of life imprisonment, the convict is sentenced to fixedterm imprisonment for a criminal offence committed while serving his sentence of life
imprisonment, the court shall postpone the earliest date of release on parole for the period of
the fixed-term imprisonment, but for at least five and not more than twenty years.
(4) If, while released on parole from his life imprisonment, the convict is sentenced to fixedterm imprisonment for a criminal offence committed while serving his sentence of life
imprisonment, the court shall terminate the parole and postpone the earliest date of release onparole for the period of the fixed-term imprisonment, but for at least five and not more thantwenty years.
(5) If the convict is sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment for a criminal offence committed
while released on parole from his life imprisonment, the court shall terminate the parole andpostpone the earliest date of release on parole for the period of the fixed-term imprisonment,
but for at least five and not more than twenty years.
(6) If the earliest date of release on parole from life imprisonment is postponed due to fixedterm imprisonment as per paragraph (1), (2), (4) or (5), the earliest date of release on parole
shall be determined with regard to the period served in pre-trial detention and under criminal
supervision and credited to the period of the fixed-term imprisonment.
(7) A convict shall not be released on parole if he is sentenced to life imprisonment once
more. If his previous life imprisonment has not yet been enforced, the latter life imprisonment
shall not be enforced.
(8)
Confinement
Section 46 (1) The period of confinement shall be determined in days, and it shall not beshorter than five days or longer than ninety days.
(2) Confinement shall be served in a penal institution.
Community service
Section 47 (1) The period of community service shall be determined in hours, and it shallnot be shorter than forty-eight hours or longer than three hundred and twelve hours.
(2) Unless otherwise provided by an Act, community service shall be performed by theconvict without any remuneration on at least one day per week, on the weekly rest day or in
his free time.
(3) The nature of the community service shall be specified in the conclusive decision of thecourt.
(4) A person sentenced to community service shall be required to perform the service
prescribed for him. The perpetrator shall be required to perform a service he is foreseeably
able to perform, taking his health and qualifications into account.
Section 48 (1) If the convict does not perform the service prescribed for him due to his own
fault, the community service or its remaining part shall be converted to imprisonment.
(2) Imprisonment replacing a community service sentence shall be enforced in a lowsecurity penal institution.
(3) Imprisonment replacing a community service sentence may be shorter than threemonths.
Section 49 If the convict is sentenced to imprisonment to be served for a criminal offence
committed after being sentenced to community service, and the community service sentence
has not yet been enforced, the community service or its remaining part shall be converted to
imprisonment, four hours of community service being the equivalent of one day of

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imprisonment. Any period remaining after the conversion of community service shall beconsidered equivalent to one day of imprisonment.
Financial penalty
Section 50 (1) Financial penalty shall be imposed by determining the number of daily units
according to the material gravity of the criminal offence, and the amount of one daily unit,
taking into account the financial situation, income, personal circumstances and lifestyle of theperpetrator.
(2) The person sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment for a criminal offence committed forgain shall be sentenced to a financial penalty as well if he has appropriate income or assets.
(3) The number of daily units of a financial penalty shall not be lower than thirty or higher
than five hundred and forty. The amount of one daily unit shall not be less than one thousand
forints or more than five hundred thousand forints.
(4) The court may order in its conclusive decision, taking the financial situation and incomeof the perpetrator into account, that the perpetrator may pay the financial penalty in monthly
instalments within a period of not more than two years.
Section 51 (1) If the convict does not pay the financial penalty or, if payment in instalments
was permitted, fails to pay a monthly instalment, the financial penalty, or any unpaid
remainder of it shall be converted to imprisonment.
(2) If a financial penalty was imposed in addition to a sentence of imprisonment to beserved, or the enforcement of a suspended imprisonment was ordered, any imprisonment
replacing the financial penalty shall be enforced at the same security level as the sentence ofimprisonment. In any other case, imprisonment replacing a financial penalty shall be enforced
in a low-security penal institution.
(3) An imprisonment replacing a financial penalty may be shorter than three months.
Disqualification from a profession
Section 52 (1) A person may be disqualified from exercising a profession if he committed
the criminal offencea) by violating the rules of his profession that requires qualification, orb) intentionally, by abusing his profession.
(2) Paragraph (1) a) may also be applied against a person who was not performing theactivity as his profession at the time of committing the criminal offence, but has thequalification required for exercising the profession the rules of which he violated forcommitting the criminal offence.
(3) If the perpetrator of a criminal offence against the freedom of sexual life and sexual
morality committed the criminal offence against a person who has not attained the age ofeighteen years, he shall be disqualified permanently from exercising any profession or
performing any other activity that involves the education, supervision, care, or medical
treatment of a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years, or in the context ofwhich he is in a position of power or influence towards a person who has not attained the ageof eighteen years.
(4) The perpetrator of the criminal offence of endangering a minor shall be disqualified
from exercising any profession or performing any other activity that involves the education,
supervision, care or medical treatment of a person who has not attained the age of eighteen
years, or in the context of which he is in a position of power or influence towards a person has
not attained the age of eighteen years. In cases deserving special consideration, the mandatory
application of disqualification from a profession may be dispensed with.

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Section 53 (1) Disqualification from a profession shall be imposed for a fixed period orpermanently.
(2) The period of a fixed-term disqualification shall not be shorter than one year or longer
than ten years. A person may be permanently disqualified if he is unfit for or unworthy of
exercising the profession.
(3) The period of disqualification from a profession shall commence when the conclusive
decision becomes final and binding. If disqualification from a profession is imposed inaddition to imprisonment, the term of imprisonment served by the convict shall not becredited to, and any period during which he evaded the enforcement of the imprisonment shallnot be included in, the period of disqualification. The period of release on parole shall becredited to the period of the disqualification from a profession if release on parole is not
terminated.
(4) The court may exempt the disqualified person from permanent disqualification uponrequest, provided that ten years have passed since disqualification was imposed and thedisqualified person has become fit for or, if disqualification was imposed due to unworthiness,
worthy of exercising the profession. Even in the latter case, a person who committed thecriminal offence in a criminal organisation shall not be exempted.
Section 54 For the purposes of this subtitle, it shall also be considered a profession if theperpetrator isa) a member of a body in charge of the general management of an economic operator or isthe sole manager of an economic operator,b) a member of the supervisory board of a company or a cooperative,c) the member of an individual firm,d) a private entrepreneur, ore) an executive officer of a non-governmental organisation as defined by the Act on nongovernmental organisations.
Disqualification from driving a vehicle
Section 55 (1) A person may be disqualified from driving a vehicle if hea) committed a criminal offence by violating the rules of driving a vehicle requiring alicence, orb) used a vehicle to commit criminal offences.
(2) The person who committed the criminal offence of driving under the influence ofalcohol or driving under the influence of intoxicants shall be disqualified from driving avehicle. In cases deserving special consideration, the mandatory application ofdisqualification from driving a vehicle may be dispensed with.
(3) The disqualification from driving a vehicle may also apply to certain types (aircraft, rail
vehicle, watercraft or road vehicle) or categories of vehicles.
Section 56 (1) Disqualification from driving a vehicle shall be imposed for a fixed period orpermanently.
(2) The period for which the driver’s licence of the perpetrator was taken on the spot or
returned to the authorities in relation to the criminal offence before the disqualification fromdriving a vehicle was imposed shall be credited to the period of disqualification from driving
a vehicle.
(3) The period of a fixed-term disqualification shall not be shorter than one month or longer
than ten years. The period of disqualification from driving a vehicle shall be determined inmonths or in years, or in years and months.
(4) The period of disqualification from driving a vehicle shall commence when the
conclusive decision becomes final and binding. If disqualification from driving a vehicle is14

Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
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imposed in addition to imprisonment, the period of imprisonment served by the convict shallbe credited to, and any period during which he escapes from the enforcement of the sentenceof imprisonment shall not be included in, the period of disqualification. The period of releaseon parole shall be credited to the period of the disqualification from driving a vehicle if
release on parole is not terminated.
(5) A person may be permanently disqualified if he is unfit to drive a vehicle. The court may
exempt the disqualified person from permanent disqualification upon request, provided thatten years have passed since disqualification was imposed and the disqualified person has
become fit to drive a vehicle.
Ban on entering certain areas
Section 57 (1) In the cases specified in this Act, a person may be banned from one or more
settlements, or certain areas of a settlement or of the country, if his presence there endangers
the interest of the public.
(2) The period of a ban on entering certain areas shall not be shorter than one year or longer
than five years.
(3) The period of a ban on entering certain areas shall commence when the conclusive
decision becomes final and binding. If a ban on entering certain areas is imposed in addition
to imprisonment, the period of imprisonment served by the convict shall not be credited to,
and any period during which he escapes from the enforcement of the sentence ofimprisonment shall not be included in, the period of the ban. The period of release on parole
shall be credited to the period of the ban on entering certain areas if release on parole is not
terminated.
Ban on visiting sports events
Section 58 (1) Due to a criminal offence committed with regard to a sports event in thecourse of participating in, going to, or leaving the sports event, the court may ban theperpetrator froma) visiting any sports event organised under the competition scheme of a sports association,orb) entering any sports facility when it is used to host a sports event organised under thecompetition scheme of a sports association.
(2) The period of a ban on visiting sports events shall not be shorter than one year or longer
than five years.
(3) The period of a ban on visiting sports events shall commence when the conclusive
decision becomes final and binding. If a ban on visiting sports events is imposed in addition to
imprisonment, the period of imprisonment served by the convict shall not be credited to, as
well as any period during which he escapes from the enforcement of the sentence ofimprisonment shall not be included in, the period of the ban. The period of release on parole
shall be credited in the period of the ban on visiting sports events if release on parole is not
terminated.
Expulsion
Section 59 (1) A perpetrator other than a Hungarian national whose staying in the country is
undesirable shall be expelled from the territory of Hungary. The expelled person shall be
required to leave the territory of the country and shall not be allowed to return during theperiod of expulsion.
(2) A person granted asylum shall not be expelled.

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(3) A person who has the right to free movement and residence or who, as a permanent
resident or immigrant, has the right to reside in the territory of Hungary may only be expelled
if he committed a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment of five years or more.
(4) The person whoa) has been residing in the territory of Hungary lawfully for at least ten years, orb) has been residing in the territory of Hungary lawfully and his right to respect for his
family life would be violated,
may only be expelled if a sentence of imprisonment of ten years or more is imposed, provided
that the presence of the perpetrator in the country would pose a significant threat to public
safety.
Section 60 (1) Expulsion shall be imposed for a fixed period or permanently.
(2) The period of expulsion for a fixed period shall not be shorter than one year or longer
than ten years.
(2a) The application of expulsion shall not be dispensed with if imprisonment to be served
is imposed for illegal crossing of the border fence (section 352/A of the Btk.), vandalisation of
the border fence (section 352/B of the Btk.), or obstructing construction works related to theborder fence (section 352/C of the Btk.), or in the case specified in section 85 (1a). If
expulsion is imposed for a fixed period, the period shall be twice as long as the period of theimposed imprisonment sentence, but at least two years. The period of expulsion may be
specified in years, months or days.
(3) A person may be expelled permanently if he is sentenced to imprisonment for ten years
or more, and his presence in the country would pose a significant threat to public safety,
taking into account the considerable gravity of the criminal offence, the nature of commission
and the relationships of the perpetrator. A person who has the right to free movement andresidence shall not be expelled permanently.
(4) The period of expulsion shall commence when the conclusive decision becomes final
and binding. The period of imprisonment served by the convict shall not be credited to theperiod of expulsion.
(5) The court may exempt the expelled person from permanent expulsion upon request,
provided that ten years have passed since the expulsion and the expelled person is worthy ofit.
Exclusion from participating in public affairs
Section 61 (1) A person shall be excluded from participating in public affairs if he issentenced to imprisonment to be served for committing an intentional criminal offence and heis unworthy of participating in public affairs.
(2) A person excluded from participating in public affairsa) shall be excluded from the right to vote and to be voted for and may not participate in areferendum or popular initiative,b) shall not be a public officerc) shall not be a member of, or participate in the work of, a body or committee of an organof popular representation,d) shall not be delegated to the general assembly or a body of an organisation established byan international treaty promulgated by an Act,e) shall not hold a military rank,f) shall not receive a domestic distinction and may not be permitted to accept a foreign
distinction,g) shall not serve as a defence counsel or legal representative in an official procedure,h) shall not hold a position in a statutory professional body or public foundation, and16

Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
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i) shall not be an executive officer of a non-governmental organisation as defined by the Act
on non-governmental organisations.
(3) Upon the conclusive decision becoming final and binding, the person excluded fromparticipating in public affairs shall be deprived of all memberships, jobs, positions, militaryranks, mandates and distinctions which are excluded by paragraph (2), as well as all honorary
titles.
Section 62 (1) Exclusion from participating in public affairs shall be imposed for a fixed
period, which shall not be shorter than one year or longer than ten years.
(2) The period of exclusion from participating in public affairs shall commence when the
conclusive decision becomes final and binding. The term of imprisonment served by theconvict not be credited to, and any period during which he escapes from the enforcement of
the sentence of imprisonment shall not be included in, the period of exclusion fromparticipating in public affairs. The period of release on parole shall be credited to the period of
exclusion from participating in public affairs if release on parole is not terminated.
CHAPTER VIII
MEASURES
Section 63 (1) Measures shall be the following:a) reprimand,b) release on probation,c) reparation work,d) probationary supervision,e) confiscation,f) forfeiture of assets,g) rendering electronic data permanently inaccessible,h) compulsory psychiatric treatment,i) measures specified in the Act on measures applicable to legal persons under criminal law.
(2) Reprimand, release on probation and reparation work shall be applied independently, inplace of a penalty.
(3) Probationary supervision may be applied in addition to a penalty or measure.
Probationary supervision shall not be applied in addition to expulsion.
(4) Confiscation, forfeiture of assets and rendering electronic data permanently inaccessible
may be applied independently or in addition to a penalty or measure.
Reprimand
Section 64 (1) A person shall be reprimanded if, at the time of adjudication, his act is nolonger dangerous or the degree of danger to society is so insignificant that the application ofeven the lowest penalty or any other measure available under this Act, apart from
confiscation, forfeiture of assets and rendering electronic data permanently inaccessible, isunnecessary.
(2) Through applying reprimand, the court or the prosecution service expresses its
disapproval of the unlawful act and warns the perpetrator to refrain from committing any
criminal offence in the future.
Release on probation
Section 65 (1) The court may postpone sentencing the perpetrator of a misdemeanour or afelony punishable by not more than three years of imprisonment for a probationary period if

17Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
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there is reasonable ground to believe that the objective of punishment can also be achieved byapplying a measure.
(2) A person shall not be released on probation ifa) he is a recidivist,b) he committed the criminal offence in a criminal organisation,c) he committed an intentional criminal offence after being sentenced to imprisonment to beserved but before enforcement of the sentence was completed, ord) he committed an intentional criminal offence during a probationary period of suspended
imprisonment.
(3) The probationary period shall not be shorter than one year or longer than three years,
and it shall be determined in years, or in years and months.
(4) A person released on probation may be placed under probationary supervision. If aperson released on probation violates the rules of behaviour of probationary supervision, theprobationary period may be extended once by up to one year.
Section 66 (1) Release on probation shall be terminated and a penalty shall be imposed if
the person released on probationa) is sentenced during the probationary period for a criminal offence committed before
being released on probation,b) is sentenced for a criminal offence committed during the probationary period, orc) violates seriously the rules of behaviour of probationary supervision.
(2) Apart from the cases specified in paragraph (1), the liability to punishment of theperpetrator shall cease after the expiry of the probationary period.
Reparation work
Section 67 (1) The court may postpone sentencing the perpetrator of a misdemeanour or afelony punishable by not more than three years of imprisonment for a period of one year andorder the performance of reparation work if there is reasonable ground to believe that theobjective of punishment can also be achieved in this way. Probationary supervision may also
be ordered in addition to ordering the performance of reparation work.
(2) A person shall not be ordered to perform reparation work ifa) he is a recidivist,b) he committed the criminal offence in a criminal organisation,c) he committed an intentional criminal offence after being sentenced to imprisonment to beserved but before enforcement of the sentence was completed, ord) he committed an intentional criminal offence during a probationary period of suspended
imprisonment.
(3) The perpetrator may, according to his choice, perform the reparation work at or for an
institution maintained by the State or a local government, a public interest non-governmentalorganisation or an ecclesiastical legal person.
(4) The period of reparation work shall be determined in hours, and it shall not be shorter
than twenty-four hours or longer than one hundred and fifty hours.
Section 68 (1) If the perpetrator provides appropriate evidence within one year that he has
performed reparation work, his liability to punishment shall cease.
(2) If the perpetrator does not provide evidence of having performed reparation work or
violates seriously the rules of probationary supervision, the court shall impose a penalty. If theperpetrator cannot provide evidence of having performed reparation work for health reasons,the time limit for providing evidence of having performed reparation work may be extended
once by up to one year.

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Probationary supervision
Section 69 (1) Probationary supervision may be ordereda) for the period of conditional suspension by a prosecutor,b) for the period of release on parole,c) for the probationary period of release on probation,d) in addition to ordering the performance of reparation work,e) for the probationary period of suspended imprisonment,
if the regular monitoring of the perpetrator is necessary for the completion of that period
successfully.
(2) A person shall be subject to probationary supervision ifa) he is released on parole from life imprisonment,b) he is a recidivist who is released on parole or whose serving the sentence ofimprisonment is suspended.
Section 70 (1) The period of probationary supervision shall be the same asa) the period of release on parole,b) the probationary period of release on probation,c) the probationary period of a suspension of imprisonment,d) the period of conditional suspension by a prosecutor,
but not more than five years or, in the case of release on parole from life imprisonment,
fifteen years.
(2) The period of probationary supervision ordered in addition to reparation work shall last
until the obliged person provides evidence of having performed reparation work, but nolonger than one year.
(3) In the cases specified in section 69 (1), the probationary supervisor may recommend
terminating the probationary supervision after the lapse of half of the period of probationary
supervision, but at least one year if probationary supervision is no longer necessary.
Section 71 (1) As general rules of behaviour, the supervised persona) shall comply with all rules of behaviour laid down by law or in the relevant decision,b) shall maintain regular contact with his probationary supervisor, andc) shall provide the probationary supervisor with all information required for hismonitoring.
(2) With a view to facilitating the achievement of the objective of probationary supervision,
the court or, for a conditional suspension by a prosecutor, the prosecution service may
prescribe obligations and prohibitions as special rules of behaviour in its decision. The courtor the prosecution service may order that the supervised persona) refrain from maintaining contact with a specific person who participated in thecommission of the criminal offence,b) stay away from the aggrieved party of the criminal offence, his home or place of work, orfrom the upbringing-educational institution attended by the aggrieved party, and places
frequently visited by the aggrieved party,c) do not visit or attend public places, public events and assemblies of a specific nature or
certain public spaces,d) refrain from drinking alcoholic beverages in public places,e) present himself at a specified location at specified intervals, to a specified organ or
person,f) contact the state employment service or report to the local government for community
employment,g) pursue specific studies,19Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
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h) undergo a specified medical treatment or curative procedure if consenting to it,i) attend group sessions organised by his probationary supervisor or other sessions listed in
the community employment programme of the probationary supervisory service.
(3) The court or the prosecution service may also prescribe rules of behaviour other thanthose specified in paragraph (2), with special regard to the nature of the criminal offence, thedamage caused, and improving the chances of integrating the perpetrator into society.
Confiscation
Section 72 (1) An object shall be confiscated ifa) it was used or intended to be used as a means of committing a criminal offence,b) it was created by way of committing a criminal offence,c) it was the subject of a criminal offence, or it was used to transport such an object after
completing the criminal offence,d) its possession poses a threat to public safety or is in breach of the law.
(2) Any press product in which the criminal offence was committed shall be confiscated.
(3) In the cases specified in paragraph (1) a) and c), unless dispensing with the applicationof confiscation is excluded by an obligation under international law, confiscation shall not beordered if the object is not the property of the perpetrator, provided that the owner did notknow of the commission in advance.
(4) Confiscation shall also be ordered ifa) the perpetrator is not liable to punishment due to infancy, mental disorder or for any otherreason terminating liability to punishment specified by an Act,b) the perpetrator was reprimanded,c) it may not be enforced during the period of special protection granted by the Act on thespecial protection of borrowed cultural goods.
(5) The confiscation of an object that is subjected to forfeiture of assets shall not be ordered.
(6) The ownership of a confiscated object shall pass to the State, unless otherwise provided
by an Act.
(7) Confiscation shall not be applied if the limitation period prescribed regarding liability topunishment for the act, but at least five years, passed.
Section 73 In the cases specified in section 72 (1) a) and c), confiscation may be dispensed
with on an exceptional basis if, considering the gravity of the criminal offence, it would be an
unfair and disproportionate disadvantage for the perpetrator or the owner, unlessa) it is excluded by an obligation under international law,b) the perpetrator committed the criminal offence in a criminal organisation,c) the criminal offence of drug trafficking, drug possession, facilitating drug production,
abuse of a substance required for producing drugs, abuse of new psychoactive substances,abuse of performance-enhancing substance, counterfeiting of medicinal products,
counterfeiting of medical products, abuse of poison, abuse of harmful consumer products,
damaging natural values, animal cruelty, fish poaching, game poaching, organising illegal
animal fights, abuse of ozone depleting substances, abuse of radioactive materials, unlawful
operation of a nuclear facility, abuse of explosives or detonating equipment, abuse of firearms
or ammunition, abuse of a weapon prohibited by an international treaty, abuse of military
products or services, abuse of dual-use products, or violation of obligations related to keeping
dangerous dogs was committed.

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Forfeiture of assets
Section 74 (1) Forfeiture of assets shall be ordereda) for assets originating from committing a criminal offence, obtained by the perpetrator in
the course of or in relation to committing the criminal offence,b) to c)d) for assets replacing assets originating from committing the criminal offence, obtained in
the course of or in relation to committing the criminal offence,e) for assets given or intended for the purpose of providing the conditions necessary for or
facilitating the commission of the criminal offence,f) for the assets constituting the given or promised financial advantage.
(2) Forfeiture of assets shall also be ordered for assets originating from committing thecriminal offence and obtained in the course of or in relation to committing the criminal
offence which enrich a third party. If an economic operator is enriched by such assets,
forfeiture of assets shall be ordered against the economic operator.
(3) If the perpetrator or the enriched person specified in paragraph (2) has died or the
economic operator has been transformed, forfeiture of assets shall be ordered against the legal
successor for the assets under paragraph (1) or section 74/A that were subject to succession.
(4)(5) Forfeiture of assets shall not be ordereda) for assets serving as coverage for a civil claim enforced in the criminal proceedings,b) for assets obtained in good faith for consideration,c)Section 74/A (1) Unless proven to the contrary, assets obtained by the perpetrator during
the period ofa) his participating in a criminal organisation,b) his committing the criminal offence of placing drugs on the market or trading in drugs,c) his committing the criminal offence of people smuggling committed regularly for
generating income or in a criminal conspiracy
shall be deemed to be assets subject to forfeiture of assets and forfeiture of assets shall beordered for such assets.
(2) Unless proven to the contrary, assets obtained by the perpetrator of the criminal offenceofa) placing drugs on the market or trading in drugs [section 176 (1) to (4) and (6), section
177 (1) b) and c) cb), (2) to (3) and (5)], cultivating or producing drugs, importing, exporting,or transporting drugs to, from or through the territory of the country [section 178 (1) to (5)and section 179], facilitating drug production [section 182 (1) to (4)], placing on the market,
transporting, or carrying out any intermediary activity regarding, drug precursors [section 183(1) a)],b) producing, importing to, exporting from, transporting through the territory of the country,
placing on the market, or trafficking in new psychoactive substances [section 184 (1) to (3)and (5), section 184/A (1) b) and c) cb), (2) to (3) and (5), section 184/B (1) a) and (2) to (5),section 184/C (1) a) aa), b) ba) and (2) to (5)],c) trafficking in human beings [section 192 (1) to (7)], forced labour (section 193),d) procuring (section 200), facilitating prostitution (section 201), living on the earnings ofprostitution (section 202), exploitation of child prostitution [section 203 (1) and (3) to (4)],child pornography [section 204 (1) b) to c), (2) to (4), (5) a) and c), and (6)],e) child labour (section 209), illegal employment of a third-country national [section 356 (1)to (2)],

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f) misuse of personal data for gain [section 219 (1) and (3) to (4)],g) active bribery, passive bribery, active bribery regarding a public officer, passive bribery
regarding a public officer (sections 290 to 294),h) terrorist act [section 314, section 315 (1) to (2), sections 316 and 316/A], terrorism
financing [sections 318 and 318/A],
i) participation in a criminal organisation [section 321 (1)],j) people smuggling (section 353),k) extortion (section 367),l) embezzlement of particularly large or particularly significant value committed in acriminal organisation [section 372 (5) a) and (6)], fraud causing particularly large orparticularly significant damage committed in a criminal organisation [section 373 (5) a) and(6)], economic fraud causing particularly large or particularly significant pecuniary loss
committed in a criminal organisation [section 374 (5) a) and (6)], misappropriation causing
particularly large or particularly significant pecuniary loss committed in a criminalorganisation [section 376 (5) a) and (6)],m) information system fraud [section 375 (1) to (5)],n) money counterfeiting [section 389 (1) to (3)], facilitating money counterfeiting (section390), counterfeiting non-cash payment instruments [section 392 (1) to (2)], abuse of non-cash
payment instruments [section 393 (1) to (2)], facilitating the counterfeiting of non-cash
payment instruments (section 394),o) budget fraud causing particularly large or particularly significant pecuniary loss
committed in a criminal organisation [sections 396 (4) to (5)],p) money laundering (section 399),q) illegal data acquisition committed in a criminal conspiracy or regularly for generating
income [section 422 (4) b) and c)], circumvention of technical security measures protecting
information systems [section 424 (1)]within a period of five years prior to the commencement of the criminal proceedings if such
assets or the lifestyle of the perpetrator are particularly disproportionate to the certified
income and personal circumstances of the perpetrator shall also be deemed to be assets
subject to forfeiture of assets and forfeiture of assets shall be ordered for such assets.
(3) Forfeiture of assets shall not be ordered in the cases specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) if
the perpetrator proves that the assets do not originate from a criminal offence.
Section 75 (1) Forfeiture of assets shall be ordered as determined in a sum of moneya) if the assets subject to forfeiture of assets are no longer available,b) if the assets subject to forfeiture of assets cannot be separated from other assets, or suchseparation would involve disproportionate difficulties,c) in the case specified in section 74 (5) b).
(2) Forfeiture of assets shall also be ordered ifa) the perpetrator is not liable to punishment due to infancy, mental disorder or for any otherreason terminating liability to punishment specified by an Act,b) the perpetrator was reprimanded,c) it may not be enforced during the period of special protection granted by the Act on thespecial protection of borrowed cultural goods.
(3) The ownership of assets subjected to forfeiture of assets shall pass to the State, unlessotherwise provided by an Act.
Section 76 For the purpose of this subtitle, assets shall be construed to mean also theproceeds of assets, rights and claims of pecuniary value, and any advantage of pecuniary
value.

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Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
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Rendering electronic data permanently inaccessible
Section 77 (1) Data published on an electronic communications network shall be rendered
permanently inaccessible ifa) making it accessible or publishing it constitutes a criminal offence,b) it was used as a means of committing the criminal offence, orc) it was created by way of committing a criminal offence.
(2) Rendering electronic data permanently inaccessible shall also be ordered if theperpetrator is not liable to punishment due to infancy, mental disorder or for any other reason
terminating liability to punishment specified by an Act, or if the perpetrator was reprimanded.
Compulsory psychiatric treatment
Section 78 (1) Compulsory psychiatric treatment shall be ordered against a perpetrator of aviolent punishable act against a person, or the perpetrator of a punishable act causing public
danger, if he is not liable to punishment due to his mental disorder, and there is a risk of him
committing a similar act, provided that imprisonment for more than one year would be
imposed if he would be liable to punishment.
(2) Compulsory psychiatric treatment shall be terminated if it is no longer necessary.
CHAPTER IXSENTENCING
The objective of punishment
Section 79 The objective of punishment shall be, in the interest of the protection of society,to prevent the perpetrator or any other person from committing a criminal offence.
The principles of sentencing
Section 80 (1) Punishment shall be imposed within the framework laid down in this Act,
bearing in mind its objective, ensuring that the punishment is appropriate for the material
gravity of the criminal offence, the degree of guilt, the degree of danger the perpetrator poses
to society, and other mitigating and aggravating circumstances.
(2) The median value of the penalty range shall be the reference value when imposing asentence of fixed-term imprisonment. The median value shall be equal to half of the sum of
the minimum and maximum of the penalty range.
(3) If this Act provides for that the penalty ranges specified in the Special Part be increased
at sentencing, the calculation specified in paragraph (2) shall be performed using theincreased penalty ranges.
(4) If the court imposes a sentence of imprisonment, it shall be determined without taking
the possibility of suspending the enforcement of the punishment and of release on parole into
account.
Concurrent sentence
Section 81 (1) One sentence shall be imposed for concurrence of criminal offences.
(2) The most serious type of penalty and penalty range from among those applicable to thecriminal offences constituting concurrence shall be the basis for imposing a concurrent
sentence.
(3) If at least two of the criminal offences constituting concurrence are punishable by fixedterm imprisonment, the maximum of the applicable penalty range shall be determined byincreasing the maximum of the highest penalty range of the penalty ranges applicable to the23

Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
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individual criminal offences by half, but it shall not reach the combined total term of the
maximum of the penalty ranges applicable to the individual criminal offences.
(4) If the respective conditions are met regarding the given criminal offence, the penalty
range of the criminal offence constituting concurrence shall be determined according to theprovisions applicable to special, multiple or violent multiple recidivists, or to commission in acriminal organisation, before applying paragraphs (2) and (3).
(5) The secondary penalty, even in the case of a concurrent sentence, shall not exceed thehighest value or period specified in the Act.
Reduction of punishment
Section 82 (1) A punishment more lenient than the penalty range may be applied if, taking
the principles of sentencing into account, even its lowest level would be excessive.
(2) According to paragraph (1), if the minimum of the penalty range isa) ten years of imprisonment, imprisonment for at least five years,b) five years of imprisonment, imprisonment for at least two years,c) two years of imprisonment, imprisonment for at least one year,d) one year of imprisonment, imprisonment for a shorter period
may be imposed instead.
(3) In the case specified in paragraph (2) d), imprisonment may be replaced by confinement,
community service or financial penalty, or any combination of these penalties may be
imposed.
(4) In the case of an attempt or abetting, if even the punishment applicable under paragraph(2) would be excessive, punishment may be imposed by applying the subsequent point ofparagraph (2).
(5) If a reduction without limitation is permitted by this Act, the lowest level of any type of
penalty may be imposed as well.
Sentencing in the case of plea agreement
Section 83 (1) After the approval of a plea agreement in the proceedings specified under
Chapter XCIX of the Act XC of 2017 on the Code of Criminal Procedure (hereinafter: plea
agreement), the minimum of the more lenient penalty ranges specified in section 82 (2) shallbe taken as reference for sentencing.
(2) If plea agreement is approved for a defendant who, contributing to substantiating thecase or another criminal case, has cooperated significantly with the prosecution service or theinvestigating authority, punishment may be imposed also by applying the subsequent point ofsection 82 (2).
(3)
Section 84
Suspension of the enforcement of a sentence of imprisonment
Section 85 (1) The enforcement of a sentence of imprisonment of not more than two years
may be suspended for a probationary period if, with special regard to the personal
circumstances of the perpetrator, there is reasonable ground to believe that the objective of
punishment can be achieved even without enforcing it.
(1a) For the illegal crossing of the border fence (section 352/A of the Btk.), vandalisation of
the border fence (section 352/B of the Btk.), or obstructing construction works related to theborder fence (section 352/C of the Btk.), the enforcement of a sentence of imprisonment of
not more than five years may be suspended for a probationary period.

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(2) Unless otherwise provided in this Act, the probationary period shall not be shorter than
one year or longer than five years, but it shall not be shorter than the term of the imprisonment
imposed. The probationary period shall be determined in years, or in years and months.
(2a) For the illegal crossing of the border fence (section 352/A of the Btk.), vandalisation of
the border fence (section 352/B of the Btk.), and obstructing construction works related to theborder fence (section 352/C of the Btk.), the probationary period shall not be shorter than two
years or longer than ten years, but it shall not be shorter than the period of expulsion imposedfor committing the criminal offence concerned.
Section 86 (1) The enforcement of a sentence of imprisonment shall not be suspended if theconvicta) is a multiple recidivist,b) committed the criminal offence in a criminal organisation, orc) committed an intentional criminal offence before enforcement of the sentence ofimprisonment was completed or during a probationary period of suspended imprisonment.
(2) If the perpetrator is subject to the enforcement of a sentence of imprisonment, due towhich the enforcement of his sentence of suspended imprisonment may not be ordered, theprobationary period shall be extended by the time of imprisonment.
(3) The provision laid down in paragraph (2) shall also apply to imprisonment replacing acommunity service or a financial penalty.
(4) In the cases under paragraphs (2) and (3), the probationary period may exceed five
years.
(5) If the perpetrator is sentenced multiple times to imprisonment suspended for aprobationary period, and the probationary periods for the individual sentences ofimprisonment have not yet passed then all probationary periods shall be served concurrently.
(6) Simultaneously with suspending the enforcement of a sentence of imprisonment, theperpetrator may be subjected to probationary supervision. If the perpetrator is a recidivist, heshall be subject to probationary supervision.
Section 87 A sentence of suspended imprisonment shall be enforced ifa) it is established during the probationary period that enforcement of the sentence wassuspended notwithstanding a ground for exclusion specified in section 86 (1),b) the perpetrator is sentenced to imprisonment to be served for a criminal offence
committed during the probationary period, orc) the perpetrator seriously violates the rules of behaviour of probationary supervision,d) the perpetrator expelled under section 60 (2a) returns to Hungary during the probationary
period of his sentence of suspended imprisonment.
Section 88 The provision on enforcement of a suspended sentence shall apply accordingly
to ordering the enforcement of a sentence suspended due to a pardon.
Provisions on special, multiple and violent multiple recidivists
Section 89 (1) Regarding a special or multiple recidivist, the maximum of the penalty rangeof the more recent criminal offence shall be increased by half for imprisonment, but it shallnot exceed twenty-five years.
(2) Regarding a special or multiple recidivist, punishment may be reduced under section
82 (1) only in cases deserving special consideration.
(3) The more severe legal consequences specified in paragraph (1) shall not be applied if
committing a criminal offence as a special recidivist is to be punished as a qualified caseunder the Special Part of this Act.

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Section 90 (1) Section 33 (4) shall not apply to a violent multiple recidivist.
(2) Regarding a violent multiple recidivist, the maximum of the penalty range for thecriminal offence based on which the perpetrator is considered to be a violent multiple
recidivist shall be doubled for imprisonment. If the maximum of the penalty range increased
this way would exceed twenty years, or if the criminal offence may be punished also by life
imprisonment under the Act, the perpetrator shall be sentenced to life imprisonment.
(3) The punishment of a violent multiple recidivista) shall not be reduced under section 82 (1),b) may be reduced without limitation if allowed by the General Part of this Act.
Provisions on commission in a criminal organisation
Section 91 (1) If a person committed an intentional criminal offence in a criminalorganisation, the maximum of the penalty range applicable to the criminal offence shall be
doubled, but it shall not exceed twenty-five years.
(2) If a person committed the criminal offence in a criminal organisation, a ban on enteringcertain areas may also be applied.
(3) If it is established that the criminal offence was committed in a criminal organisation,
the legal consequences specified in this Act regarding the commission of a criminal offence ina criminal conspiracy shall not apply.
Crediting pre-trial detention, criminal supervision and infraction penalties
Section 92 (1) The entire period of a pre-trial detention or of a criminal supervision during
which, as prescribed by the court, the defendant was not allowed to leave a home, otherpremises, an institute or a fenced area of it without permission, shall be credited to the term of
imprisonment, confinement, community service or to the financial penalty.
(2) For the purpose of crediting, one day served in pre-trial detention shall be considered
equivalent to one day of imprisonment, one day of confinement, one daily unit of financial
penalty, or four hours of community service.
(3) The time served under criminal supervision under paragraph (1) shall be credited asfollows:a) five days shall be considered equivalent to one day of imprisonment if served in a highsecurity penal institution, four days as one day of imprisonment if served in a mediumsecurity penal institution, and three days as one day of imprisonment if served in a lowsecurity penal institution,b) two days shall be considered equivalent to one day of confinement,c) one day shall be considered equivalent to four hours of community service,d) one day shall be considered equivalent to one daily unit of financial penalty.
(4) Any period remaining after crediting under paragraphs (2) and (3) shall be considered
equivalent to one day of imprisonment.
Section 92/A (1) The entire period of a confinement or community service sentence or afine imposed and enforced in infraction proceedings shall be credited to the term of
imprisonment, confinement, community service, financial penalty or special education in areformatory imposed in criminal proceedings for an act subject to retrial, following the retrial
according to section 127 (1) e) of Act II of 2012 on infractions, infraction procedure and theinfraction records system.
(2) For the purpose of crediting, one day served in confinement for an infraction shall beconsidered equivalent to one day of imprisonment or confinement, four hours of community
service, one daily unit of financial penalty, or one day of special education in a reformatory.

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(3) For fines imposed for infractions, five thousand forints shall be considered equivalent to
one day of imprisonment or confinement, four hours of community service, to an equalamount of financial penalty, or to one day of special education in a reformatory.
(4) Community service imposed in infraction proceedings shall be considered equivalent tocommunity service of the same duration, and six hours of community service imposed ininfraction proceedings shall be considered equivalent to one day of imprisonment or
confinement, one daily unit of financial penalty, or one day of special education in areformatory.
Rules on crediting penalties and measures already enforced
Section 92/B (1) If the judgment passed as a result of a retrial, review, legal remedy
submitted on the ground of legality or a repeated procedure amends the decision passed in theunderlying case, the penalty or measure imposed and enforced in the underlying case shall becredited. If the type of such penalties or measures is different, the provisions laid down inparagraph (2) shall apply to their crediting.
(2) For the purpose of crediting,a) one day of imprisonment shall be considered equivalent to one day of confinement, fourhours of community service, one daily unit of financial penalty, six hours of reparation workor one day of special education in a reformatory,b) one day of confinement shall be considered equivalent to one day of imprisonment, fourhours of community service, one daily unit of financial penalty, six hours of reparation workor one day of special education in a reformatory,c) four hours of community service shall be considered equivalent to one day of
imprisonment, one day of confinement, one daily unit of financial penalty, six hours of
reparation work or one day of special education in a reformatory,d) one daily unit of financial penalty shall be considered equivalent to one day of
imprisonment, one day of confinement, four hours of community service, six hours of
reparation work or one day of special education in a reformatory,e) one day of special education at a reformatory shall be considered equivalent to one day of
imprisonment, one day of confinement, four hours of community service, one daily unit offinancial penalty or six hours of reparation work,f) six hours of reparation work shall be considered equivalent to one day of imprisonment,
one day of confinement, four hours of community service, one daily unit of financial penalty
or one day of special education in a reformatory.
Accumulative sentence
Section 93 (1) If the perpetrator is subject to multiple sentences of fixed-term
imprisonment, the final and binding sentences shall be accumulated in line with the provisionsof the Act if the perpetrator committed all criminal offences prior to the announcement of theearliest first instance conclusive decision.
(2) An accumulative sentence may include only sentences of imprisonment to be served
which are yet to be served or are being served at the time of accumulation.
(3) If a sentence of suspended imprisonment becomes enforceable subsequently, it shall bedeemed a sentence of imprisonment to be served for the purpose of accumulation.
(4) The following shall not be included in an accumulative sentence:a) a sentence already included in an accumulative sentence,b) a sentence of imprisonment replacing a financial penalty or community service.

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Section 94 The period of an accumulative sentence shall be determined as if a concurrent
sentence were imposed. The period of an accumulative sentence shall, however, reach thesum of the period of the most serious sentence and one third of the period of the shorter
sentence or sentences, but it shall not exceed the sum of all sentences.
Section 95 (1) If individual sentences of imprisonment that are to be enforced in penal
institutions of different security levels are included in an accumulative sentence, theaccumulative sentence shall be served in the penal institution of the highest security level. If
the period of the accumulative sentence reaches or exceeds three years or, for a multiple
recidivist, two years, the accumulative sentence shall be served in a penal institution of thecorresponding security level.
(2) If the security level determined according to paragraph (1) would represent an unfair
disadvantage for the convict, a level one step lower may be applied.
(3) If the possibility of release on parole is not excluded, its earliest date shall be determinedby applying the strictest provision. A convict shall not be released on parole from anaccumulative sentence if the possibility of release on parole is excluded regarding any of his
sentences of imprisonment.
(4) If the sentence of imprisonment regarding which the possibility of release on parole is
excluded due to the fault of the convict is subsequently included in an accumulative sentence,the convict shall not be released on parole from the accumulative sentence either.
Section 96 (1) If disqualification from a profession, disqualification from driving a vehicle,
a ban on entering certain areas, a ban on visiting sports events, or expulsion is imposed inaddition to imprisonment, and the sentences of imprisonment are accumulated, from among
the multiple disqualifications from a profession, disqualifications from driving a vehicle, banson entering certain areas, bans on visiting sports events, and expulsions with identicalsubstance, the one that is more disadvantageous for the convict shall be enforced.
(2) A secondary penalty of exclusion from participating in public affairs shall not be
included in an accumulative sentence. From among multiple secondary penalties of exclusionfrom participating in public affairs, the one for the longest period shall be enforced.
CHAPTER X
THE ADVERSE LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF HAVING BEEN CONVICTED AND
EXPUNGEMENT
The adverse legal consequences of having been convicted
Section 97 (1) The adverse legal consequences pertaining to the establishment of criminal
liability, imposition of a penalty or application of a measure shall be established by an Act.
(2) Data pertaining to the establishment of criminal liability, the penalty imposed and themeasure applied shall be recorded in a publicly certified official register for a period
determined by the Act; after this period, the convict shall not be subject to any adverse legal
consequence for having been convicted. Recidivism and its adverse legal consequences under
this Act shall be established according to section 389 of Act XC of 2017 on the Code of
Criminal Procedure on the basis of data retrieved from the criminal records at the time closest
to the commission of a new criminal offence, even if such data have been deleted.
The scope of expungement
Section 98 (1) Unless otherwise provided by an Act, a convict granted expungement shallbe relieved of the adverse legal consequences of having a criminal record.

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(2) If a person is granted expungement, he shall be considered a person without a criminal
record, and he shall not be obliged to report any conviction of which he has been relieved,
unless otherwise provided by an Act.
(3) If a new criminal offence is committed, expungement shall not apply to criminal legal
consequences associated with a previous conviction under this Act.
The method of expungement
Section 99 A convict may be granted expungementa) by virtue of this Act,b) on the basis of a court decision, orc) by way of a pardon.
Statutory expungement
Section 100 (1) Expungement shall take effect by virtue of this Acta) on the day when the conclusive decision becomes final and binding, if confinement,
financial penalty or community service was applied,b) on the day when the conclusive decision becomes final and binding, if disqualificationfrom a profession, disqualification from driving a vehicle, a ban on entering certain areas or aban on visiting sports events was applied,c) on the day when enforcement of the sentence is completed or its enforceability ceases, if
expulsion was applied,d) on the day when the probationary period expires, if a sentence of suspended
imprisonment was imposed,e) on the day when the sentence is served or its enforceability ceases, if a sentence ofimprisonment was imposed for committing a misdemeanour by negligence,f) three years after the sentence is served or its enforceability ceases, if a sentence ofimprisonment for a period not exceeding one year was imposed for committing an intentional
criminal offence,g) five years after the sentence is served or its enforceability ceases, if a sentence ofimprisonment for a period of over one year but not exceeding five years was imposed forcommitting an intentional criminal offence,h) eight years after the sentence is served or its enforceability ceases, if a sentence ofimprisonment for a period of over five years but not exceeding ten years was imposed forcommitting an intentional criminal offence,i) ten years after the sentence is served or its enforceability ceases, if fixed-term
imprisonment of over ten years was imposed for committing an intentional criminal offence.
(2) In the case specified in paragraph (1) b), expungement shall not result in reinstating theright of the convict toa) exercise a profession if disqualification from a profession,b) drive a vehicle if disqualification from driving a vehicle,c) stay in the settlement or area of the country specified in the judgment if a ban on enteringcertain areas,d) visit sports events if a ban on visiting sports events
was ordered.
(3) In the case specified in paragraph (1) d), expungement shall not take effect if
enforcement of the sentence of imprisonment is ordered. In such a case, the rules pertaining to
expungement regarding a sentence of imprisonment to be served shall apply.

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Expungement by a court
Section 101 (1) With regard to a sentence of imprisonment to be served, the court may grant
the convict ex post expungement upon request if he is worthy of it and half of the period
specified in section 100 (1) f) to i) has passed since the sentence was served or its
enforceability ceased.
(2) With regard to a sentence of suspended imprisonment, the court may grant the convict ex
post expungement upon request if he is worthy of it and half of the probationary period but atleast one year, has passed.
(3) For the purpose of considering worthiness, the lifestyle pursued by the convict sinceserving his sentence or, with regard to a sentence of suspended imprisonment, since theconclusive decision became final and binding, and whether or not he made reparation for theharm caused by his criminal offence if he had the chance to do so.
(4) Ex post expungement regarding a sentence of suspended imprisonment shall become
ineffective if enforcement of the sentence of suspended imprisonment is ordered.
Section 102 (1) If enforcement of a sentence of imprisonment is suspended, the court may
grant the convict expungement in advance in its conclusive decision if he is worthy of it.
(2) Expungement in advance shall become ineffective if enforcement of the sentence ofsuspended imprisonment is ordered.
The unity of expungement
Section 103 If a secondary penalty is imposed, the convict shall not be relieved of theadverse legal consequences of having been convicted as long as enforcement of the secondary
penalty is not completed or its enforceability does not cease.
Expungement by pardon
Section 104 (1) A convict may be granted expungement by pardon by the person vested
with the power to grant pardons even if an expungement may not be granted under this Act.
(2), The person granted expungement by pardon shall be considered a person without acriminal record with regard to any adverse legal consequence beyond criminal law
CHAPTER XIPROVISIONS ON JUVENILES
Fundamental provisions
Section 105 (1) Those who have attained the age of twelve years but have not attained theage of eighteen years when committing the criminal offence shall qualify as juveniles.
(2) The provisions of this Act shall apply to juveniles with the derogations specified in this
Chapter.
Section 106 (1) The primary objective of a penalty imposed on or a measure applied to ajuvenile shall be to assist the juvenile concerned to develop in the appropriate direction andbecome a useful member of society; for this reason, the education and protection of thejuvenile concerned shall be taken into account when deciding on the measure or penalty.
(2) A penalty shall be imposed on a juvenile if the application of a measure would notachieve its objective. Those who have not attained the age of fourteen years when committing
the criminal offence shall only be subject to measures.
(3) A juvenile shall only be subject to a custodial measure or custodial penalty if theobjective of the measure or penalty cannot be achieved by other means.

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Active repentance
Section 107 If the perpetrator is a juvenile, active repentance may also be permitted if a
misdemeanour specified in section 29 (1) or a felony punishable by not more than five yearsof imprisonment was committed.
Penalties and measures
Section 108 (1) A juvenile may also be subject to a measure of special education in areformatory.
(2) Imprisonment, confinement, or community service shall not be applied in addition to
special education in a reformatory.
Imprisonment
Section 109 (1) The shortest term of a sentence of imprisonment imposed on a juvenile
shall be one month, regardless of the criminal offence.
(2) If the juvenile has not attained the age of sixteen years when committing the criminal
offence, he shall not be subject to a sentence of imprisonment exceedinga) ten years for a criminal offence punishable also by life imprisonment,b) five years for a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment of more than five years.
(3) If the juvenile has attained the age of sixteen years when committing the criminal
offence, he shall not be subject to a sentence of imprisonment exceedinga) fifteen years for a criminal offence punishable also by life imprisonment,b) ten years for a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment of more than ten years,c) five years for a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment of more than five years.
(4) The periods specified in paragraphs (2) to (3) shall apply to calculating the limitation
period regarding liability to punishment and the provisions pertaining to recidivists.
Section 110 (1) Imprisonment shall be enforced in a medium-security penal institution forjuveniles ifa) the juvenile is sentenced to imprisonment for two years or more for committing a felony,b) the juvenile sentenced to imprisonment for one year or more is a recidivist, orc) within three years prior to committing the intentional criminal offence, the juvenile
sentenced to imprisonment for one year or more was sentenced to special education in areformatory for committing an intentional criminal offence.
(2) Apart from the cases specified in paragraph (1), imprisonment shall be enforced in a
low-security penal institution for juveniles.
Confinement
Section 111 A sentence of confinement imposed on a juvenile shall not be shorter than threedays or longer than thirty days.
Community service
Section 112 Community service may only be imposed on a juvenile if he has attained theage of sixteen years when the conclusive decision is passed.
Financial penalty
Section 113 (1) Financial penalty may only be imposed on a juvenile if he has his own
earnings, income, or adequate assets.

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(2) The number of daily units of a financial penalty imposed on a juvenile shall not be lower
than fifteen or higher than two hundred and fifty; the amount of one daily unit shall not beless than five hundred or more than fifty thousand forints.
(3) If a financial penalty imposed on a juvenile is not collectible, it shall be converted toa) community service if permitted by section 112, orb) imprisonment.
(4) For the purpose of determining community service that replaces financial penalty, one
daily unit shall be equivalent to two hours of community service. In other respects, theprovisions laid down in section 47 shall apply to community service replacing financial
penalty, with the proviso that the period of community service may be different than thosespecified in section 47 (1).
(5) If a juvenile does not perform his service voluntarily, the community service or its
remaining part shall be converted to imprisonment. In other respects, the provisions laid down
in section 48 shall apply.
Expulsion
Section 114 A juvenile may be expelled ifa) he is sentenced to imprisonment for ten years or more,b) his presence in the country would pose a significant threat to public safety, andc) his right to respect for his family life is not violated.
Exclusion from participating in public affairs
Section 115 A juvenile may only be excluded from participating in public affairs if he issentenced to imprisonment for over one year.
Release on probation
Section 116 (1) A juvenile may be released on probation in relation to any criminal offence.
(2) The probationary period shall not be shorter than one year or longer than two years.
(3) In a case specified in section 66 (1), the court shall order special education in areformatory or impose a penalty.
Reparation work
Section 117 A juvenile may only be subject to reparation work if he has attained the age of
sixteen years when the conclusive decision is passed.
Ban on entering certain areas
Section 118 If a juvenile has an appropriate family environment, he may not be banned
from the settlement in which his family lives.
Probationary supervision
Section 119 (1) During the period ofa) parole,b) release on probation,c) probationary period of a sentence of suspended imprisonment,d) temporary release from a reformatory,e) conditional suspension by a prosecutor,
a juvenile shall be subject to probationary supervision.

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(2) If a juvenile is sentenced to reparation work then he shall also be subject to probationary
supervision.
Special education in a reformatory
Section 120 (1) Special education in a reformatory may be ordered by a court if placement
in a reformatory is necessary for a juvenile to be raised successfully. A person may not be
subject to special education in a reformatory if he has attained the age of twenty years when
the conclusive decision is passed.
(2) The period of special education in a reformatory shall not be shorter than one year or
longer than four years.
Section 121 (1) If special education in a reformatory is ordered, the court shall establish thatthe juvenile may be released from the reformatory temporarily after serving half of his periodof special education in a reformatory ifa) he has served at least one year in the reformatory, andb) there is reasonable ground to believe that the objective of the measure can be achieved
without any further special education in a reformatory.
(2) The period of temporary release shall be equal to the remaining period of special
education in a reformatory, but it may not be shorter than one year.
(3) The court shall terminate temporary release if the juvenile is sentenced to imprisonment,with the exception specified in section 122, or special education in a reformatory during theperiod of temporary release. If the court imposes another penalty or applies another measureon the juvenile, temporary release may be terminated.
(4) If temporary release is terminated, the period spent on temporary release shall not becredited to the period of special education in a reformatory.
Section 122 If a juvenile is sentenced to imprisonment to be served during the period of
special education in a reformatory or of temporary release for a criminal offence committed
after he was sentenced to special education in a reformatory, the sentence of imprisonment
shall be enforced. In such a case, the remaining period of special education in a reformatory
shall be converted to imprisonment, replacing two days of special education in a reformatory
by one day of imprisonment.
Concurrent sentence and accumulative sentence
Section 123 (1) For a juvenile, a concurrent or accumulative sentence shall not exceed
imprisonment fora) twenty years in the case specified in section 109 (3) a),b) fifteen years in the cases specified in section 109 (2) a) and (3) b),c) seven years and six months in the cases specified in section 109 (2) b) and (3) c).
(2) The term of imprisonment applicable to a juvenile shall not exceed the periods specifiedin paragraph (1) a) and b), even if section 90 (2) is applied.
(3) If special education in a reformatory and imprisonment concur, imprisonment shall be
enforced as accumulative sentence. The term of such a sentence may be extended by the court
by up to one year if doing so is necessary to achieve the objective specified in section 106.
The period of extension shall not reach the remaining period of special education in areformatory.
Consolidated measure
Section 124 (1) If the court determines multiple sentences of special education in areformatory for a juvenile and none of the sentences has been enforced by, or they are being

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enforced concurrently at, the time of ordering the consolidated measure, the court shallsentence the juvenile to special education in a reformatory as a consolidated measure.
(2) The period of special education in a reformatory ordered as a consolidated measure shallbe determined so that it is not shorter than the longest period of special education in areformatory or longer than the sum of all periods of special education in a reformatoryordered or four years.
Sentencing in the case of plea agreement
Section 124/A (1) If plea agreement is approved for a juvenile who had not attained the ageof sixteen years when committing the criminal offence, and who, contributing tosubstantiating the case or another criminal case, has cooperated significantly with theprosecution service or the investigating authority, the juvenile may not be subject to asentence of imprisonment exceedinga) eight years for a criminal offence punishable also by life imprisonment,b) three years for a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment of more than five years,c) two years for a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment of more than three years,d) six months for a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment of not more than three
years.
(2) If plea agreement is approved for a juvenile who had attained the age of sixteen years
when committing the criminal offence, and who, contributing to substantiating the case oranother criminal case, has cooperated significantly with the prosecution service or theinvestigating authority, the juvenile may not be subject to a sentence of imprisonment
exceedinga) ten years for a criminal offence punishable also by life imprisonment,b) eight years for a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment of more than ten years,c) three years for a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment of more than five years,d) two years for a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment of more than three years,e) six months for a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment of not more than three
years.
(3) When sentencing, the penalty range under paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be taken as
referencea) for concurrence of criminal offences,b) regarding a special, a multiple or a violent multiple recidivist, orc) if the criminal offence was committed in a criminal organisation.
Crediting pre-trial detention and criminal supervision
Section 125 (1) The entire period of a pre-trial detention, or of a criminal supervision during
which, as prescribed by the court, the defendant was not allowed to leave a home, otherpremises, an institute or a fenced area of it without permission, shall be credited to the term ofspecial education in a reformatory ordered.
(2) For the purpose of crediting, one day of special education in a reformatory shall beequivalent toa) one day served in pre-trial detention, andb) three days served under criminal supervision under paragraph (1).
(3) Any period remaining after crediting shall be considered equivalent to one day of special
education in a reformatory.

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Expungement
Section 126 (1) A juvenile convict shall be granted expungement by virtue of the Acta) on the day when the conclusive decision becomes final and binding, if enforcement of asentence of imprisonment is suspended,b) on the day when the sentence is served or its enforceability ceases, if he was sentenced to
imprisonment for not more than one year for an intentional criminal offence,c) three years after the sentence is served or its enforceability ceases, if he was sentenced to
imprisonment to be served for over one year but not more than five years for an intentional
criminal offence.
(2) The court may grant expungement to a juvenile upon request after serving a sentence ofimprisonment of over one year for an intentional criminal offence if he is worthy of
expungement.
CHAPTER XIIPROVISIONS ON SOLDIERS
Perpetrators
Section 127 (1) For the purposes of this Act, soldier means a member of the Hungarian
Defence Forces on active service, or a professional member of the police, the Parliamentary
Guard, the prison service, the professional disaster management organ, or the civil national
security services.
(2) The provisions of this Act shall apply to soldiers with the derogations specified in this
Chapter.
(3) Only a soldier can commit a military offence as offender.
Criminal offence against a soldier of another state
Section 128 (1) A soldier shall be punished under Chapter XLV if he commits a military
offencea) against a soldier of an allied armed force, orb) against a soldier of another state under the framework of humanitarian activities,
peacekeeping or humanitarian operations conducted in a foreign operational area, or in thecourse of other service abroadwhile performing a service task jointly.
(2) For the purpose of paragraph (1) a), a soldier of an allied armed force means also amember of the police or civil defence service of the state of the allied armed force; for the
purpose of paragraph (1) b), a soldier of another state means also a member of the police or
civil defence service of the other state.
Section 129 A soldier shall be punished according to Chapter XLV if he commits a military
offencea) while serving in an allied armed force,b) under the framework of humanitarian activities, peacekeeping or humanitarian operations
conducted in a foreign operational area.
Reasons for excluding liability to punishment
Section 130 (1) A soldier shall not be liable to punishment for an act he was ordered toperform, unless he knew that carrying out the order would constitute a criminal offence.

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(2) Also the person giving the order shall be liable for a criminal offence committed uponorder as an offender if the soldier knew that carrying out the order would constitute a criminal
offence; otherwise, the person giving the order shall be liable as an indirect offender.
Reason for terminating liability to punishment
Section 131 Apart from the cases specified in section 66 (1), the perpetrator shall not beliable to punishment for a military misdemeanour if his service period expired at least one
year ago.
Military jailSection 132 (1) If the convict can be held in service, the court shall order the sentence ofimprisonment for not more than one year for a misdemeanour, or the confinement to be
enforced in a military jail, unless the convict is a recidivist.
(2) If the convict is discharged from service, the sentence or the remaining period of it shallbe served in a low-security penal institution.
Accumulative sentence
Section 133 The provisions laid down in section 132 shall apply to the enforcement of asentence of imprisonment imposed as an accumulative sentence.
Exclusion of community service
Section 134 A soldier shall not be sentenced to community service during the period of his
service.
Military penalties
Section 135 (1) A soldier may be sentenced toa) demotion orb) discharge from service
in addition to another penalty or, if the maximum of the penalty range applicable to thecriminal offence does not exceed three years of imprisonment, independently.
(2) A military penalty shall not be applied if a soldier is excluded from participating inpublic affairs.
Military secondary penalties
Section 136 (1) A soldier may be sentenced toa) reduction in rank orb) extension of waiting period
in addition to a penalty.
(2) A military secondary penalty shall not be applied in addition to a military penalty or if
the soldier is excluded from participating in public affairs.
Demotion
Section 137 (1) A demoted soldier shall be deprived of his rank and honorary rank.
(2) Demotion shall be applied if the perpetrator became unworthy of his rank.
Discharge from service
Section 138 Discharge from service may be applied if the perpetrator became unworthy ofthe service.

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Reduction in rank
Section 139 (1) If a soldier is reduced in rank, he shall be reclassified to a rank one step
below the rank he holds when the criminal offence is adjudged.
(2) Reduction in rank shall be applied if the criminal offence violated the integrity of therank, but demotion is not necessary.
(3) In addition to reduction in rank, the period to be spent in the lower rank shall be set to aperiod between one and two years.
Extension of waiting period
Section 140 (1) If the waiting period is extended, the waiting period of a member of the
Hungarian Defence Forces on active service before he is promoted to a subsequent rank shallbe extended. The extension period shall be determined in years, and it may not exceed half of
the waiting period for the respective rank.
(1a) If the waiting period of a professional member of the police, the Parliamentary Guard,
the prison service, the professional disaster management organ, or the civil national security
services is extended, the period of waiting for being promoted into a subsequent pay grade
shall be extended. The extension period shall be determined in years, and it may not exceed
half of the waiting period for the respective pay grade.
(2) The waiting period shall be extended if the soldier is to serve a longer waiting period
before being promoted in rank or pay grade.
(3) For members of the Hungarian Defence Forces on active service, the waiting period
specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be construed to mean a mandatory waiting period.
Expungement with regard to the adverse consequences of having a criminal record
Section 141 (1) If demotion or discharge is applied, expungement shall take effect by virtueof the Act on the day when the conclusive decision becomes final and binding.
(2) If a sentence of imprisonment is to be served in a military jail, the court may grant theconvict expungement in advance in its conclusive decision with regard to the adverse
consequences of having a criminal record. Such expungement shall take effect on the day
when the sentence is served or its enforceability ceases.
(3) The application of a military secondary penalty shall not be an obstacle to granting
expungement to the convict.
SPECIAL PARTCHAPTER XIIICRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY
Genocide
Section 142 (1) A person who, for the purpose of destroying, in whole or in part, a national,
ethnic, racial or religious group,a) kills members of the group,b) causes grievous bodily or mental harm to members of the group,c) coerces the group to live under living conditions that threaten the destruction of the groupor its individual members,d) takes measures aimed at preventing births within the group,e) forcibly transfers children of the group to another group,
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for ten to twenty years or life.

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(2) A person who commits preparation for genocide shall be punished by imprisonment for
two to eight years.
Crime against humanity
Section 143 (1) A person who, as part of a widespread or systematic attack against a
population,a) commits homicide,b) coerces the population or any part of it to live under living conditions that threaten thedestruction of the population or its individual members,c) displaces the population or any part of it from its lawful place of residence,d) commits trafficking in human beings or has forced labour forced labour done by others,e) deprives another person of his personal freedom or maintains his detention unlawfully,f) coerces another person to commit or endure sexual violence, to engage in prostitution, tocarry a foetus to term or to undergo abortion,g) causes grievous bodily or mental harm to another person,h) deprives a group identifiable by a political, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, sexual orother characteristic of its fundamental rights, or deprives a member of such a group of his
fundamental rights due to being part of the group,
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for ten to twenty years or life.
(2) A person who commits preparation for crime against humanity shall be punished by
imprisonment for two to eight years.
(3) For the purposes of this section, a widespread or systematic attack against a civilian
population means any conduct involving the multiple commission of acts referred to inparagraph (1) against a civilian population with a view to implementing or furthering thepolicies of a state or organisation.
Apartheid
Section 144 (1) A person who, for the purpose of establishing and maintaining domination
by one racial group of persons over any other racial group of persons and systematically
oppressing them,a) kills members of a racial group or groups,b) coerces a racial group or groups to live under living conditions that are aimed at thephysical destruction of the group or groups in whole or in part,is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for ten to twenty years or life.
(2) A person who commits any other crime of apartheid shall be punished by imprisonment
for five to fifteen years.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for ten to twenty years or life if the other crimeof apartheid results in serious consequences.
(4) A person who commits preparation for apartheid shall be punished by imprisonmenta) for five to ten years in the case specified in paragraph (1),b) for two to eight years in the case specified in paragraph (2).
(5) For the purposes of paragraphs (2) to (3), other crime of apartheid means the crimes ofapartheid specified in Articles II (a) (ii), II (a) (iii), II(c), II(d), II(e), and II(f) of theInternational Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid
adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 30 November 1973 in New Yorkand promulgated by Law-Decree 27 of 1976.

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Responsibility of a military or official superior
Section 145 The following persons shall be subject to the same penalty as the perpetrator ofa criminal offence specified in this Chapter:a) a military superior or another person effectively acting as a military superior (for the
purposes of this section hereinafter jointly “military superior”), if a person under his effective
command and control or effective authority and control commits a criminal offence specified
in this Chapter, and the military superior knew or, owing to the circumstances at the time,should have known of the commission of or preparation for the criminal offence, but he failed
to take the measures within his power to prevent the criminal offence or he failed to report acriminal offence immediately after becoming aware of its commission;b) an executive or foreign public officer not falling under the scope of point a) (for the
purposes of this section hereinafter jointly “official superior”), if a person under his effective
authority and control (for the purposes of this section hereinafter “subordinate”) commits acriminal offence specified in this Chapter as a result of his failure to exercise proper control, ifba) he knew or consciously disregarded information which clearly indicated that his
subordinate committed or prepared for such a criminal offence,bb) the criminal offence concerns an activity within his effective responsibility and control,andbc) he failed to take all necessary and reasonable measures within his power to prevent thecommission of the criminal offence or he failed to report the criminal offence immediately
after becoming aware of its commission.
CHAPTER XIV
WAR CRIMESIllegal recruitment
Section 146 (1) A person who, within the territory of Hungary, recruits into a foreign armed
organisation other than an allied armed force for military service or for other service ofmilitary interest or acts as an agent for enrolling applicants for such service is guilty of afelony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) A Hungarian citizen who voluntarily joins or offers to join a foreign armed organisation
engaged in an international or non-international armed conflict other than an allied armed
force, or participates in training by such an armed organisation, shall be punished underparagraph (1).
(3) If a person recruited within or enrolled from the territory of Hungary for military service
in a foreign armed organisation or other service of military interest has not attained the age ofeighteen years, the recruiter or agent shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight
years.
Breach of armisticeSection 147 (1) A person who breaches the terms of an armistice is guilty of a felony andshall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if the breach of armisticeresults in particularly serious consequences.

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Violence against a parlementaire
Section 148 (1) A person who assaults, unlawfully restrains or uses any other form of
violence against an enemy parlementaire is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to three years, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.
(2) A person who kills a parlementaire or his escort is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for ten to twenty years or life.
Violence against protected persons
Section 149 (1) A person who, in a time of war,a) directs an attack against protected persons, orb) directs an attack that might cause the loss of life or serious injury to protected persons
which would be clearly excessive in relation to the direct military advantage anticipated,
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for ten to twenty years or life.
(2) A person who, in a time of war,a) kills a protected person,b) coerces a protected person to live under living conditions that threaten the destruction of
the protected person,c) coerces a protected person to commit or endure sexual violence, to engage in prostitution,
to carry a foetus to term or to undergo an abortion,d) deprives a protected person of his personal freedom unlawfully,e) displaces or forcibly transfers a protected person from his lawful place of residence,unless doing so is imperatively demanded by the necessities of war,
shall be punished by imprisonment for ten to twenty years or life.
(3) A person who, in a time of war, violates the right of a protected person to medical selfdetermination or causes grievous bodily or mental harm to a protected person shall bepunished by imprisonment for five to fifteen years.
(4) A person who, in a time of war, deprives a protected person or a group of protected
persons of his or their right to a fair and regular court procedure shall be punished by
imprisonment for two to eight years.
(5) A person who commits preparation for a criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) or(2) shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
Command to kill survivors
Section 150 A person who, in a time of war, commands or orders his subordinate not toleave any survivor is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five
years, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.
Using human shield
Section 151 (1) A person who uses a protected person to defend a specific area or militaryforces against the enemy’s military operations is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for five to ten years.
(2) A person who commits preparation for the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1)shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
Illegal conscription
Section 152 (1) A person whoa) coerces a protected person to serve in the armed forces or an armed group of a power thatis hostile towards the protected person,
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b) coerces a national of a hostile power to take part in an operation of war directed against
his own country
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for five to ten years.
(2) A person who commits preparation for the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1)shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(3) A person who enlists or conscripts a person who has not attained the age of eighteen
years into an armed force or group or induces such a person to participate in a war, or
provides assistance or the conditions necessary to do so shall be punished by imprisonment
for five to fifteen years.
Attack on protected property
Section 153 (1) A person who, in a time of war, launches or continues an attack on a facility
that is not a military objective and is not protected by military, or launches or continues anattack that causes such damage to a facility not protected by military or might cause suchwidespread, long-term and severe damage to the natural environment which is clearly
excessive in relation to the direct military advantage anticipated, is guilty of a felony and shallbe punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if the attack is directedagainsta) a hospital or another place where the sick and wounded are treated or placed, orb) cultural goods protected under an international treaty.
(3) A person who utilises or uses cultural goods protected under an international treaty or
their direct vicinity for military purposes or appropriates, pillages, damages or destroys such
goods shall be punished under paragraph (2).
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to fifteen years if a criminal offence
specified in paragraph (2) b) or (3) is committed against cultural goods under special orenhanced protection by an international treaty or their direct vicinity.
(5) For the purposes of this section:a) cultural goods means cultural property as defined in Article 1 of the Convention for theProtection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict signed in The Hague on 14
May 1954 and promulgated by Law-Decree 14 of 1957,b) cultural goods under special protection means cultural goods as defined in Article 8 of
the treaty mentioned in point a),c) cultural goods under enhanced protection means cultural goods as defined in Article 10 of
the Second Protocol to the treaty mentioned in point a) as promulgated by Act XXIX of 2006.
Pillage
Section 154 (1) A person who, within an operational or occupied area,a) pillages civilian goods,b) deprives a population of goods necessary for subsistence by extorting services or othermeans, or destroys such goods, unless imperatively demanded by the necessities of war
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years, unless acriminal offence of greater gravity is established.
(2) A person who pillages the fallen, wounded or sick on the battlefield shall be punished by
imprisonment for two to eight years.

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Use of a weapon prohibited by an international treaty
Section 155 (1) A person who, within an operational or occupied area, employs or has
someone else employ a weapon or means of warfare prohibited by an international treaty is
guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for ten to twenty years or life.
(2) A person who commits preparation for a criminal offence specified in paragraph (1)shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
Attack against a humanitarian organisation
Section 156 A person who, in a time of war, directs an attack against the personnel,
installations, material, units or vehicles of a humanitarian, aid or peacekeeping organisation
working in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, as long as they are entitled tothe protection given to protected persons and facilities under the international law of armed
conflict, is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for five to ten years.
Misuse of emblems or signs protected by international law
Section 157 A person who, in a time of war, misuses the emblem of the red cross, redcrescent or red crystal, or any other emblem or sign used for similar purposes and protectedunder international law, is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to
five years, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.
Other war crimes
Section 158 Other war crimes and the punishment that may be imposed when such crimes
are committed are provided for under Decree 81/1945 (II. 5.) ME of the Prime Minister, as
enacted by Act VII of 1945 and amended and supplemented by Decree 1440/1945 (V. 1.) ME
of the Prime Minister.
Responsibility of a military or official superior
Section 159 The following persons shall be subject to the same penalty as the perpetrator ofa criminal offence specified in this Chapter:a) a military superior or another person effectively acting as a military commander (for the
purposes of this section hereinafter jointly “military superior”), if a person under his effective
command and control or effective authority and control commits a criminal offence specified
in this Chapter, and the military superior knew or, owing to the circumstance at the time,should have known of the commission of or preparation for the criminal offence, but he failed
to take the measures within his power to prevent the criminal offence or he failed to report thecriminal offence immediately after becoming aware of its commission;b) an executive or foreign public officer not falling under the scope of point a) (for the
purposes of this section hereinafter jointly “official superior”), if a person under his effective
authority and control (for the purposes of this section hereinafter “subordinate”) commits acriminal offence specified in this Chapter as a result of his failure to exercise proper control, ifba) he knew or consciously disregarded information which clearly indicated that his
subordinate committed or prepared for such a criminal offence,bb) the criminal offence concerns an activity within his effective responsibility and control,andbc) he failed to take all necessary and reasonable measures within his power to prevent thecommission of the criminal offence or he failed to report a criminal offence immediately after
becoming aware of its commission.

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CHAPTER XVCRIMES AGAINST LIFE, PHYSICAL INTEGRITY, AND HEALTH
Homicide
Section 160 (1) A person who kills another person is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for five to fifteen years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for ten to twenty years or life if homicide iscommitteda) with premeditation,b) for gain,c) for a base reason or purpose,d) with special cruelty,e) against a public officer or foreign public officer during or due to his official procedure, oragainst a person performing public duties in the course of performing such duties, or against aperson who attempts to assist or defend a public officer, foreign public officer or person
performing public duties,f) against multiple persons,g) endangering the life of multiple persons,h) by a special recidivist,i) against a person who has not attained the age of fourteen years,j) against a person who is incapable of self-defence, ork) against a person with limited ability to avert the criminal offence due to his old age ordisability.
(3) A person who commits preparation for homicide shall be punished by imprisonment for
one to five years.
(4) A person who commits homicide by negligence is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(5) A person who induces a person who has not attained the age of fourteen years, or aperson who is unable to express his will, to commit suicide shall be punished under paragraph(1), if the suicide is committed.
(6) For the purposes of paragraph (2) h) and with regard to special recidivism, the following
criminal offence shall be considered similar:a) genocide [section 142 (1) a)], homicide in the heat of passion (Section 161),b) aggravated cases of kidnapping and violence against a military superior or a serving
officer [sections 190 (4) and 445 (5) a)],c) aggravated cases of terrorist act, unlawful seizure of a vehicle, and mutiny, if committed
by causing death intentionally [sections 314 (1), 320 (2), and 442 (4)].
Homicide in the heat of passion
Section 161 A person who kills another person in the heat of passion caused by a legitimate
reason is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
Participating in suicide
Section 162 (1) A person who induces or provides assistance for another person to commit
suicide is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years if thesuicide is attempted or committed.

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(2) A person who has attained the age of eighteen years who induces or provides assistancefor a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years to commit suicide shall bepunished by imprisonment for two to eight years if the suicide is attempted or committed.
Illegal abortion
Section 163 (1) A person who performs an illegal abortion on another person is guilty of afelony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the illegal abortion iscommitteda) regularly for generating income,b) without the consent of the pregnant woman, orc) causing grievous bodily harm or danger to life.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the illegal abortion
causes the death of the pregnant woman.
(4) A woman who performs an illegal abortion on herself or has someone else perform anillegal abortion on her is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for
up to one year.
Causing bodily harm
Section 164 (1) A person who harms the physical integrity or health of another person
commits the criminal offence of causing bodily harm.
(2) If the harm or illness caused heals within eight days, the perpetrator is guilty of themisdemeanour of causing minor bodily harm and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
two years.
(3) If the harm or illness caused heals beyond eight days, the perpetrator is guilty of thefelony of causing grievous bodily harm and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three
years.
(4) The perpetrator is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
three years if causing minor bodily harm is committeda) for a base reason or purpose,b) against a person who is incapable of self-defence or unable to express his will, orc) against a person with limited ability to avert the criminal offence due to his old age ordisability.
(5) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the causing of minor
bodily harm causes a permanent disability or any serious degradation of health.
(6) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the causing of grievous
bodily harm is committeda) for a base reason or purpose,b) against a person who is incapable of self-defence or unable to express his will,c) against a person with limited ability to avert the criminal offence due to his old age ordisability,d) by causing a permanent disability or any serious degradation of health,e) with special cruelty.
(7) A person who commits preparation for a criminal offence specified in paragraph (3) or(6) is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(8) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the causing of bodily
harm causes any danger to life or death.

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(9) A person who commits causing grievous bodily harm by negligence is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment fora) up to one year in the case specified in paragraph (3),b) up to three years in the cases specified in paragraph (6) b) to c),c) one to five years if the harm caused poses a danger to life.
(10) The criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) shall only be punishable upon a privatemotion.
Endangering by professional misconduct
Section 165 (1) A person who exposes the life, physical integrity or health of one or moreother persons to a direct danger or causes bodily harm by violating a rule of a profession by
negligence is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to oneyear.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment fora) up to three years if the criminal offence causes a permanent disability, serious
degradation of health or mass catastrophe,b) one to five years if the criminal offence causes death,c) two to eight years if the criminal offence causes the death of more than two persons or afatal mass catastrophe.
(3) If the perpetrator causes the direct danger intentionally, he is guilty of a felony and shallbe punished by imprisonment for up to three years in the case specified in paragraph (1), or
one to five, two to eight or five to ten years in the case specified in paragraph (2) according to
the distinctions made there.
(4) For the purposes of this section, rules of a profession include rules pertaining to the use
and handling of a firearm, a detonator, or an explosive.
Failure to render aid
Section 166 (1) A person who fails to render the aid that could be reasonably expected from
him to a person whose life or physical integrity is in direct danger is guilty of a misdemeanourand shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) The perpetrator is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
three years if the aggrieved party dies and the aid could have saved him.
(3) The perpetrator is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
three years in the case specified in paragraph (1), or one to five years in the case specified inparagraph (2), if the state of danger was caused by the perpetrator or if he was otherwise
obliged to render aid.
(4) The last part of paragraph (3) shall not be applied with regard to a person who is obliged
to render aid under the rules of traffic.
Failure to meet an obligation to provide care
Section 167 A person who fails to meet his obligation to provide care to a person who isunable to care for himself due to his condition or old age and by doing so endangers the life,
physical integrity or health of the person in need of care is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to three years.

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CHAPTER XVICRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST THE RULES OF MEDICAL INTERVENTION AND
RESEARCH
Intervention to modify the human genome
Section 168 (1) A person who carries out an intervention on the genome of a human being,a foetus or a human embryo seeking to modify it is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the intervention underparagraph (1) results in the modification of the genome.
Illegal use of human gamete
Section 169 (1) A person who uses a gamete from a deceased person or foetus in a special
procedure for human reproduction is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment
for one to five years.
(2) A person who commits preparation for the illegal use of human gamete is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
Choosing the sex of an unborn child
Section 170 A person who carries out an intervention seeking to choose the sex of anunborn child is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
Violation of the rules of research on humans
Section 171 A person who carries out medical research on a human without authorisation or
in deviation from it is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five
years.
Violation of the rules of research on embryos and gametes
Section 172 (1) A person who carries out medical research on a human gamete or humanembryo without authorisation or in deviation from it, or creates a human embryo for research
purposes, is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) A person whoa) transplants a human embryo into an animal,b) uses a human and an animal gamete for cross-fertilisation,c) implants a human embryo that was subject to research into a human,d) uses a human gamete that was used for research for human reproduction,e) uses a non-human gamete or embryo for human fertilisation or embryo implantation,f) uses a human embryo for the production of multiple human or animal embryos,
shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(3) A person who commits preparation for a criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) isguilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(4) For the purposes of this section, human gamete also means gamete from an embryo.
Section 173 (1) A person who carries out research seeking to modify the genome of anembryo on a human embryo is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for
one to five years.
(2) A person whoa) uses a human embryo to produce a specimen with characteristics different from oradditional to those determined upon conception, or
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b) separates the cells of a human embryo,shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(3) A person who carries out preparations for a criminal offence specified in paragraph (2)is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
Creating genetically identical human beings
Section 174 (1) A person who creates genetically identical human specimens in the courseof medical research or intervention is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for five to ten years.
(2) A person who commits preparation for a criminal offence specified in paragraph (1)shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Illegal use of a human body
Section 175 (1) A person who acquires illegally, places on the market for financial gain ortrades in human genes, cells, gametes, embryos, organs, tissues, whole corpses or parts
thereof or dead foetuses is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the illegal use of a humanbody is committed by an employee of a healthcare service provider relating to his profession.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years in the case specified inparagraph (1) or two to eight years in the case specified in paragraph (2) if the illegal use of ahuman body is committeda) against a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years,b) regularly for generating income, orc) in a criminal conspiracy.
(4) A person who commits preparation for the illegal use of a human body is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year in the case specifiedin paragraph (1) or up to two years in the cases specified in paragraphs (2) and (3).
(5) For the purposes of this section, embryo also means an embryo outside a mother’s bodyand an embryo produced during a special procedure for human reproduction that was not
implanted into a womb.
CHAPTER XVIICRIMINAL OFFENCES ENDANGERING HEALTH
Drug trafficking
Section 176 (1) A person who offers, hands over, places on the market, or trades in, drugs is
guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if the criminal offence iscommitteda) in a criminal conspiracy,b) by a public officer or a person performing public duties using that capacity, orc) on the premises of the Hungarian Defence Forces, a law enforcement organ or the
National Tax and Customs Administration.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to twenty years or life if the criminal
offence is committed with a significant quantity of drugs.
(4) A person who provides material means for the commission of a criminal offence
specified in paragraphs (1) to (3) shall be punished under the respective paragraph.

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(5) A person who offers or hands over a small quantity of drugsa) is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years in
the case specified in paragraph (1),b) shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years in the cases specified inparagraphs (2) b) to c).
(6) A person whoa) commits preparation for a criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) or (2) shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to three years,b) commits preparation for a criminal offence specified in paragraph (3) shall be punishedby imprisonment for one to five years.
Section 177 (1) A person who has attained the age of eighteen years whoa) offers or hands over drugs to a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years,b) places on the market or trades in drugs using a person who has not attained the age ofeighteen years,c) within a building used for educational, public educational, child welfare or childprotection activities or within the direct vicinity of such a building,ca) offers, hands over,cb) places on the market or trades in drugs
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for five to ten years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to twenty years or life if the criminal
offence is committeda) with a significant quantity of drugs,b) in a criminal conspiracy,c) by a public officer or a person performing public duties using that capacity.
(3) A person who provides material means for the commission of a criminal offence
specified in paragraphs (1) to (2) shall be punished under the respective paragraph.
(4) A person who commits a criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) a) or ca) with asmall quantity of drugs shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years; a person who
commits that criminal offence as a public officer or a person performing public duties usingthat capacity shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(5) A person who commits preparation for a criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) or(2) shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Drug possession
Section 178 (1) A person who cultivates, produces, acquires, keeps or imports to, exports
from or transports through the territory of the country any drug is guilty of a felony and shallbe punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonmenta) for two to eight years if the criminal offence is committedaa) regularly for generating income,ab) in a criminal conspiracy,ac) by a public officer or a person performing public duties using that capacity,b) for five to ten years if the criminal offence is committed with a significant quantity ofdrugs,
c)for five to fifteen years if the criminal offence is committed with a particularly significant
quantity of drugs.
(3) A person who provides material means for the commission of a criminal offence
specified in paragraphs (1) to (2) shall be punished under the respective paragraph.

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(4) A person who commits preparation for a criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1) to(2) is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(5) If the criminal offence is committed with a small quantity of drugs, the punishment shallbe imprisonment fora) up to two years in the case specified in paragraph (1) for committing a misdemeanour,b) up to three years in the cases specified in paragraph (2) aa) and ac).
(6) A person who consumes drugs or acquires or keeps a small quantity of drugs for
consumption is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
two years, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.
Section 179 (1) A person who has attained the age of eighteen years whoa) using a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years, orb) within a building used for educational, public educational, child welfare or childprotection activities or within the direct vicinity of such a building,cultivates, produces, acquires or keeps drugs is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for two to eight years.
(2) A person who has attained the age of eighteen years who imports to, exports from ortransports through the territory of the country any drug using a person who has not attained
the age of eighteen years is guilty of a felony and shall be punished under paragraph (1).
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonmenta) for five to ten years if the criminal offence is committedaa) in a criminal conspiracy,ab) regularly for generating income,ac) by a public officer or a person performing public duties using that capacity,b) for five to fifteen years if the criminal offence is committed with a significant quantity ofdrugs,
c) for five to twenty years or life if the criminal offence is committed with a particularly
significant quantity of drugs.
(4) A person who provides material means for the commission of a criminal offence
specified in paragraphs (1) to (3) shall be punished under the respective paragraph.
(5) A person who commits preparation for a criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1) to(3) is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(6) If the criminal offence is committed with a small quantity of drugs, the punishment shallbe imprisonment fora) up to two years in the cases specified in paragraphs (1) and (2),b) one to five years in the cases specified in paragraph (3) ab) and ac)
for committing a felony.
Section 180 (1) A person who cultivates, produces, acquires or keeps a small quantity ofdrugs for his personal use or consumes drugs shall not be liable to punishment if he admits tocommitting a criminal offence and presents a document before a first instance conclusive
decision is adopted as confirmation that he received continuous medical treatment for drug
addiction or other treatment for drug use or he attended another preventive-informative
service for a period of at least six months.
(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply if, within two years before committing the criminal
offence,a) proceedings against the perpetrator were suspended for the reason for terminating
liability to punishment specified in paragraph (1), orb) the criminal liability of the perpetrator for drug trafficking or drug possession wasestablished.

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(3) In the cases specified in sections 178 (1) and (5) to (6) or sections 179 (1) to (2) and (6),if paragraph (1) does not apply, the punishment may be reduced without limitation if theperpetrator enables the identification of the person selling the drugs before being indicted.
Inciting substance abuse
Section 181 (1) A person who has attained the age of eighteen years whoa) induces or seeks to induce a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years toabuse a narcotic substance or agent not classified as a drug, orb) seeks to induce a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years to consume drugs
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) A person who has attained the age of eighteen years who provides assistance for a
person who has not attained the age of eighteen years to abuse a narcotic substance or agent
not classified as a drug shall be punished under paragraph (1), unless a criminal offence ofgreater gravity is established.
Facilitating drug production
Section 182 (1) A person who, with a view to cultivating or producing drugs,a) makes, acquires or imports to, exports from or transports through the territory of thecountry or hands over,b) places on the market or trades inany material, equipment or device needed for that purpose, is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for one to five years, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity isestablished.
(2) A person who provides material means for the commission of this criminal offence shallbe punished under paragraph (1).
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years ifa) the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) is committed in a criminal conspiracy, orb) the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) a) is committed regularly for generating
income.
(4) A person who commits preparation for the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) or(3) is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(5) A person shall not be liable to punishment, if before the authority becomes aware of his
facilitation of drug production, he informs the authorities of his actions, hands over any andall materials, equipment, and devices in his possession to the authorities, and enables theidentification of other persons involved in the facilitation of drug production.
Abuse of drug precursors
Section 183 (1) A person whoa) without or exceeding the limits of a licence keeps, places on the market, transports or
carries out any intermediary activity regarding,b) acquires by making any false statement
a drug precursor as defined in a legal act of the European Union is guilty of a felony and shallbe punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A person who violates his notification obligation regarding the placing on the market ortransport of a drug precursor, as defined in a legal act of the European Union, or the pursuit of
any related intermediary activity is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to two years.

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(3) For the purposes of this section:a) legal act of the European Union means Regulation (EC) No 273/2004 on drug precursors(for the purposes of this section “Regulation (EC) No 273/2004”) and Council Regulation(EC) No 111/2005 laying down rules for the monitoring of trade between the Community andthird countries in drug precursors (for the purposes of this section “Regulation (EC) No
111/2005”),b) placing on the market means the term defined in Article 2(c) of Regulation (EC) No
273/2004,c) transport means the term defined in Article 2(c) and (d) of Regulation (EC) No 111/2005,d) intermediary activity means the term defined in Article 2(e) of Regulation (EC) No
111/2005,e) notification obligation means the obligations specified in Article 8(1) of Regulation (EC)No 273/2004 and in Article 9(1) of Regulation (EC) No 111/2005.
Abuse of new psychoactive substances
Section 184 (1) A person who offers, hands over, places on the market, or trades in, a new
psychoactive substance is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to
five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence iscommitteda) in a criminal conspiracy,b) by a public officer or a person performing public duties using that capacity, orc) on the premises of the Hungarian Defence Forces, a law enforcement organ or the
National Tax and Customs Administration.
(3) A person who provides material means for the commission of a criminal offence
specified in paragraphs (1) to (2) shall be punished under the respective paragraph.
(4) A person who offers or hands over a small quantity of a new psychoactive substancea) is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year in
the case specified in paragraph (1),b) is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years in thecases specified in paragraph (2) b) to c).
(5) A person who commits preparation for the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) or(2) is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
Section 184/A (1) A person who has attained the age of eighteen years whoa) offers or hands over a new psychoactive substance to a person who has not attained theage of eighteen years,b) places on the market, or trades in, a new psychoactive substance using a person who has
not attained the age of eighteen,c) within a building used for educational, public educational, child welfare or childprotection activities, or within the direct vicinity of such a building,ca) offers, hands over,cb) places on the market, or trades in, a new psychoactive substanceis guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if the criminal offence iscommitteda) in a criminal conspiracy,b) by a public officer or a person performing public duties using that capacity.

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(3) A person who provides material means for the commission of a criminal offence
specified in paragraphs (1) to (2) shall be punished under the respective paragraph.
(4) A person who commits a criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) a) or (1) c) ca) witha small quantity of a new psychoactive substance shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
three years; a person who commits that criminal offence as a public officer or a person
performing public duties using that capacity shall be punished by imprisonment for one to
five years.
(5) A person who commits preparation for the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) or(2) is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
Section 184/B (1) A person whoa) produces or imports to, exports from or transports through the territory of the country a
new psychoactive substance,b) acquires or keeps more than a small quantity of a new psychoactive substanceis guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence iscommitteda) regularly for generating income,b) in a criminal conspiracy,c) by a public officer or a person performing public duties using that capacity.
(3) A person who provides material means for the commission of a criminal offence
specified in paragraphs (1) to (2) shall be punished under the respective paragraph.
(4) A person who commits preparation for a criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1) to(2) is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(5) If the criminal offence is committed with a small quantity of a new psychoactive
substance, the perpetrator is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonmenta) for up to one year in the case specified in paragraph (1) a),b) is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years in
the cases specified in paragraph (2) a) and c).
Section 184/C (1) A person who has attained the age of eighteen years whoa) using a person who has not attained the age of eighteen yearsaa) produces or imports to, exports from or transports through the territory of the country a
new psychoactive substance,ab) acquires or keeps more than a small quantity of a new psychoactive substance,b) within a building used for educational, public educational, child welfare or childprotection activities, or within the direct vicinity of such a buildingba) produces a new psychoactive substance,bb) acquires or keeps more than a small quantity of a new psychoactive substanceis guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence iscommitteda) in a criminal conspiracy,b) regularly for generating income,c) by a public officer or a person performing public duties using that capacity.
(3) A person who provides material means for the commission of a criminal offence
specified in paragraphs (1) to (2) shall be punished under the respective paragraph.
(4) A person who commits preparation for a criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1) to(2) is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.

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(5) If the criminal offence is committed with a small quantity of a new psychoactive
substance, the perpetrator is guilty ofa) a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years in the cases
specified in paragraph (1) a) aa) and b),b) a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years in the cases
specified in paragraph (2) b) and c).
Section 184/D (1) For the purposes of sections 184 to 184/C, a new psychoactive substancerefers to a term defined in the Act on medicinal products for human use and amending otherActs regulating the market for medicinal products.
(2) For the purposes of sections 184 to 184/C, the quantity of a new psychoactive substanceis small if the level of pure active substance does not exceed 2 grams. With regard tocompounds in the form of salt, the level of pure active substance means the level of active
substance specified in a base form.
Abuse of performance-enhancing substance
Section 185 (1) A person who, with a view to enhancing performance in sports,a) produces,b) offers, hands over, places on the market,c) prescribes on a medical or veterinary prescription form
an illegal performance enhancing substance is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence iscommitted regularly for generating income or in a criminal conspiracy.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years ifa) a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years obtains an illegal performanceenhancing substance as a result of the criminal offence,b) a person who has attained the age of eighteen years commits the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) a) or b) using a person who has not attained the age of eighteen
years.
(4) A person who commits preparation for the abuse of performance-enhancing substance as
specified in paragraphs (1) to (3) is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to one year.
(5) A person who has attained the age of eighteen years who induces a person who has not
attained the age of eighteen years to use an illegal performance enhancing substance orprovides assistance for such a person to use an illegal performance enhancing substance isguilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(6) For the purposes of this section, illegal performance enhancing substance means asubstance which, having regard to its active substance, is an anabolic agent, peptide hormone,
growth factor or a related substance, or a hormone antagonist and modulator, and is specified
by name in the government decree on promulgating Annex I to the International Convention
against Doping in Sport.
Counterfeiting of medicinal products
Section 185/A (1) A person whoa) counterfeits a medicinal product or veterinary medicinal product or makes a counterfeit
medicinal product or veterinary medicinal product,b) places on the market, trades in, or offers, or hands over unjustified quantities of, acounterfeit or counterfeited medicinal product or veterinary medicinal product, or a medicinal
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c) imports to, exports from, or transports through, the territory of the country, or acquires orkeeps an unjustified quantity of, a counterfeit or counterfeited medicinal product or veterinary
medicinal product,d) acquires, keeps, imports to, exports from, or transports through, the territory of thecountry an unjustified quantity of a medicinal product or veterinary medicinal product notlicensed in Hungary,e) uses an original document pertaining to a medicinal product or veterinary medicinal
product outside its intended use, for a commercial purpose,is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) If the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) is committed with medicinal products
containing psychoactive substances specified in Schedules III and IV annexed to theConvention on Psychotropic Substances signed in Vienna on 21 February 1971 andpromulgated by Law-Decree 25 of 1979, or with the active substance of such medicinal
products by failing to perform a notification obligation or without, or exceeding the limits of,a licence, the punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years.
(3) In the cases specified in paragraph (1) a) and b), the punishment shall be imprisonment
fora) one to five years if the criminal offence causes permanent disability or serious
degradation of health,b) two to eight years if the criminal offence causes death.
(4) In the case specified in paragraph (2), the punishment shall be imprisonment fora) two to eight years if the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) a) or b) causes
permanent disability or serious degradation of health,b) five to ten years if the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) a) or b) causes death.
(5) A person who commits the criminal offencea) as a healthcare worker,b) as an employee of an organisation holding a licence for manufacturing, wholesale trade
or direct retail distribution, orc) in a criminal conspiracy
shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five year in the case specified in paragraph (1),or two to eight years in the case specified in paragraph (2).
(6) The perpetrator shall be punished under paragraph (5) if the counterfeit or counterfeited
medicinal product or veterinary medicinal product, or the medicinal product or veterinary
medicinal product not licensed in Hungary becomes widely available to users.
(7) A person who commits preparation for counterfeiting of medicinal products as specifiedin paragraphs (1) to (6) is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment
for up to one year.
(8) For the purpose of this section:a) unjustified quantity means a quantity that is clearly not intended for the purpose ofsatisfying the personal needs of a specific individual,b) a medicinal product or veterinary medicinal product not licensed in Hungary also meansa product where the active medicinal substance is used in violation of the legislative
provisions pertaining to the composition of that product. A medicinal product without amarketing authorisation for Hungary shall be considered a licensed medicinal product if it issubjected to an activity specified in paragraph (1) b) or d) that may be pursued in a lawfulmanner after obtaining an authority licence or making a notification as required by law.

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Counterfeiting of medical products
Section 186 (1) A person whoa) counterfeits a medical product or makes a counterfeit medical product,b) offers, hands over, places on the market, or trades in, a counterfeit or counterfeited
medical product or a medical product not licensed in Hungary,c) imports to, exports from, or transports through the territory of the country, or acquires orkeeps an unjustified quantity of a counterfeit or counterfeited medical product,d) imports to, exports from or transports through the territory of the country, or acquires orkeeps an unjustified quantity of a medical product not licensed in Hungary,e) uses an original document pertaining to a medical product outside its intended use, for acommercial purpose,is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) In the cases specified in paragraph (1) a) and b), the punishment shall be imprisonment
fora) one to five years if the criminal offence causes a permanent disability or serious
degradation of health,b) two to eight years if the criminal offence causes death.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1)a) as a healthcare worker,b) as an employee of an organisation holding a license for manufacturing, wholesale trade,or direct retail distribution, orc) in a criminal conspiracy
shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(4) The perpetrator shall be punished under paragraph (3) if a counterfeit or counterfeited
medical product or a medical product not licensed in Hungary becomes widely available tousers.
(4a) A person who commits preparation for counterfeiting medical products as specified inparagraphs (1) to (4) is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for
up to one year.
(5) For the purposes of this section:a) medical product means a medical device, in vitro diagnostic medical device, andinvestigational medicinal product;b) unjustified quantity means a quantity that is clearly not intended for the purpose ofsatisfying the personal needs of a specific individual;c) medical product not licensed in Hungary also means a medical device placed on themarket without conducting a conformity assessment procedure.
Acting as a medical impostor
Section 187 (1) A person who engages in an activity falling with the scope of medical
practice for consideration or regularly without authorisation is guilty of a misdemeanour andshall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) The perpetrator is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
three years if he commits the criminal offence of acting as a medical impostor by pretending
to be authorised to practice medicine.
(3) For the purposes of this section, a person is authorised to practice medicine if:a) he holds a degree in general medicine or dentistry from a domestic university,b) he holds a degree in general medicine or dentistry from a foreign university, provided
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c) he is a foreign citizen holding a licence to practice medicine without having his degree
recognised,provided that he is not disqualified from practicing medicine.
(4) The perpetrator of the criminal offence of acting as a medical impostor may also be
subject to a ban on entering certain areas.
Abuse of poison
Section 188 (1) A person who makes, keeps, uses, or places on the market a poison without
being entitled to do so, or fails to take the prescribed measures aimed at preventing the abuseof poisons or the endangering of other persons is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by confinement, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.
(2) For the purposes of this section, a poison means a hazardous substance or mixture
which, due to its toxicological characteristics, endangers human life or may cause serious
injury or serious damage to health if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through the skin.
Abuse of harmful consumer products
Section 189 (1) A person who makes or keeps a consumer product that is harmful to healthfor the purpose of placing on the market is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) A person who places on the market a harmful consumer product is guilty of a felony andshall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence iscommitteda) regarding harmful consumer products of a significant quantity or value,b) in a criminal conspiracy, orc) regularly for generating income.
(4) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) by negligence isguilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(5) The perpetrator of a criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) or (4) shall not be liable
to punishment if he takes all measures to re-take possession of the harmful consumer productor to prevent it from being placed on the market as soon as he becomes aware of the harmful
nature of the consumer product.
CHAPTER XVIIICRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST HUMAN FREEDOM
Kidnapping
Section 190 (1) A person who deprives another person of his personal freedoma) by violence or direct threat to life or physical integrity, orb) by rendering that person incapable of self-defence or unable to express his will or by
exploiting such a state of that person,
and makes his release dependent on the performance of any demand is guilty of a felony andshall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to fifteen years if kidnapping iscommitteda) against a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years,b) in a criminal conspiracy,c) with a weapon,

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d) with an instrument capable of causing death, ore) against a public officer or foreign public officer because of his status.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to twenty years or life if kidnapping iscommitteda) against a person who has not attained the age of fourteen years,b) causing a particularly serious disadvantage, orc) causing death.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for ten to twenty years or life if the kidnapping
also constitutes intentional homicide.
(5) A person who commits preparation for kidnapping shall be punished by imprisonment
for up to three years.
(6) The punishment of the perpetrator may be reduced without limitation if he ceases the
kidnapping voluntarily before causing any serious consequence.
Failure to report kidnapping
Section 191 A person who obtains credible knowledge of a kidnapping that is about to becommitted but fails to notify the person concerned or the authorities about it as soon as he canis guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years if the
kidnapping is attempted or committed.
Trafficking in human beings
Section 192 (1) A person whoa) sells, buys, exchanges or hands over or receives another person as consideration, orb) transports, accommodates, harbours or, for another, acquires another person for the
purpose of committing an act specified in point a)
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A person who, for the purpose of exploitation, sells, buys, exchanges, hands over,receives, recruits, transports, accommodates, harbours or, for another, acquires another person
shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if trafficking in humanbeings is committeda) against a person deprived of his personal freedom,b) by violence or threat,c) by deception,d) by tormenting the aggrieved party,e) against a person raised by or under the supervision, care or medical treatment of theperpetrator, or by abusing any other power or influence over the aggrieved party,f) for the purpose of illegal use of a human body,g) by a public officer using that capacity,h) in a criminal conspiracy, ori) regularly for generating income.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years ifa) the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) is committed against a person who has not
attained the age of eighteen years,b) the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) committed against a person deprived ofhis personal freedom qualifies under any of paragraph (3) b) to i), orc) the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) causes a particularly serious disadvantage
or danger to life.

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(5) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to fifteen years ifa) the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) is committed against a person who has not
attained the age of fourteen years,b) the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) is committed against a person who has not
attained the age of eighteen years and also qualifies under any point in paragraph (3),c) the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) is committed against a person who has not
attained the age of eighteen years and causes a particularly serious disadvantage or danger tolife, ord) the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) is committed against a person who has not
attained the age of eighteen years for the purpose of child pornography.
(6) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to twenty years or life ifa) the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) is committed against a person who has not
attained the age of fourteen years and also qualifies under any point in paragraph (3),b) the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) is committed against a person who has not
attained the age of fourteen years and causes a particularly serious disadvantage or danger tolife, orc) the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) is committed against a person who has not
attained the age of fourteen years for the purpose of child pornography.
(7) A person who commits preparation for trafficking in human beings is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(8) For the purposes of this section, exploitation means striving to realize gains by abusing
the situation of an aggrieved party who is put or kept in a vulnerable position.
Forced labour
Section 193 (1) A person who coerces another person to labour by exploiting his
vulnerability or by violence or threat is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence offorced labour is committeda) by tormenting the aggrieved party,b) by causing significant harm to interests, orc) against a person who hast not attained the age of eighteen years.
Violation of personal freedom
Section 194 (1) A person who deprives another person of his personal freedom is guilty of afelony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the violation of personal
freedom is committeda) against a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years,b) for a base reason or purpose,c) by tormenting the aggrieved party,d) against a person who is incapable of self-defence,e) with a weapon,f) with an instrument capable of causing death,g) by causing significant harm to interests, orh) under pretence of an official procedure.

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(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence
committed against a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years also qualifies underparagraph (2) b) or c).
Coercion
Section 195 A person who coerces another person by violence or threat to do, not to do or
tolerate something, and thereby causes a significant harm to interests, is guilty of a felony andshall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years, unless another criminal offence isestablished.
CHAPTER XIX
CRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST THE FREEDOM OF SEXUAL LIFE AND SEXUAL
MORALITY
Sexual coercion
Section 196 (1) A person who coerces another person to engage in, or tolerate, a sexual act
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if sexual coercion iscommitteda) against a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years,b) against a relative or a person raised by or under the supervision, care or medical
treatment of the perpetrator, or by abusing any other power or influence over the aggrievedparty.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if sexual coercion iscommitted against a person who has not attained the age of fourteen years.
Sexual violence
Section 197 (1) A person who,a) commits sexual coercion by violence or direct threat to life or physical integrity,b) to engage in a sexual act, takes advantage of the state of another person who is incapableof self-defence or unable to express his willcommits sexual violence, is guilty of a felony, and shall be punished by imprisonment for two
to eight years.
(2) A person who engages in a sexual act with another person who has not attained the ageof twelve years, or has another person who has not attained the age of twelve years engage ina sexual act, also commits sexual violence and shall be punished by imprisonment for five toten years.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) is committeda) against a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years,b) by the perpetrator against a relative or a person raised by, or under the supervision, care,
medical treatment or otherwise the power or influence, of the perpetrator, orc) by more than one person at the same time, with knowledge of the activities of each other.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to fifteen years ifa) the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) is committedaa) in a manner specified in paragraph (1),ab) against an aggrieved party specified in paragraph (3) b), orac) in a manner specified in paragraph (3) c),

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orb) the criminal offence specified in paragraph (3) a) also qualifies under paragraph (3) b) orc).
(4a) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to twenty years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (4) a) aa) also qualifies under paragraph (4) a) ab) or ac).
(5) A person who makes available the conditions necessary for or facilitating thecommission of sexual violence is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for
up to three years.
Sexual abuse
Section 198 (1) A person who has attained the age of eighteen years who engages in asexual act with a person who has not attained the age of fourteen years, or induces such aperson to engage in a sexual act with another person, is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) A person who has attained the age of eighteen years who seeks to induce a person who
has not attained the age of fourteen years to engage in a sexual act with him or another person
shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(3) If the aggrieved party is a relative or a person raised by or under the supervision, care or
medical treatment of the perpetrator, or the perpetrator commits sexual abuse by abusing anyother power or influence over the aggrieved party, the punishment shall be imprisonment fora) two to eight years in the case specified in paragraph (1),b) one to five years in the case specified in paragraph (2).
(4) A person who has attained the age of eighteen years who engages in a sexual act with aperson who has attained the age of fourteen years but has not attained the age of eighteen byabusing his power or influence over that person shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
three years.
IncestSection 199 (1) A person who engages in a sexual act with a lineal relative is guilty of afelony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A person who has intercourse with a sibling is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(3) A descendant shall not be liable to punishment for committing the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) if he had not attained the age of eighteen years at the time ofcommitting the offence.
Procuring
Section 200 (1) A person who acquires, for gain, a person for another person for engaging
in a sexual act is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three
years.
(2) A person who offers for prostitution, or invites to engage in prostitution, another person
who has not attained the age of eighteen years commits procuring and shall be punished underparagraph (1).
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if procuring is committed
regularly for generating income.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if procuring, as specified inparagraph (1), is committeda) against a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years,

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b) against a relative or a person raised by or under the supervision or care of the perpetrator,
or by abusing any other power or influence over the aggrieved party,c) by deception, violence or threat.
(5) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if procuring as specified inparagraph (4) a) or b) also qualifies under point c).
(6) A person who agrees to commit procuring regularly for generating income shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Facilitating prostitution
Section 201 (1) A person whoa) induces another person to engage in prostitution,b) makes a building or other location available to another person for prostitution,c) provides assistance to the prostitution of a person who has not attained the age ofeighteen years
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A person who induces a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years to engage
in prostitution shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(3) A person who operates, manages or provides material means for the operation of abrothel shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
Living on the earnings of prostitution
Section 202 A person who lives, wholly or partially, on the earnings of another person
engaged in prostitution is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
three years.
Exploitation of child prostitution
Section 203 (1) A person who seeks to gain from the prostitution of a person who has not
attained the age of eighteen years is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment
for up to three years.
(2) A person who provides consideration for a sexual act with a person who has not attained
the age of eighteen years shall be punished under paragraph (1).
(3) A person who lives, wholly or partially, on the earnings of a person who has not attained
the age of eighteen years engaged in prostitution shall be punished by imprisonment for one to
five years.
(4) A person who operates, manages or provides material means for the operation of abrothel where a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years is engaged in
prostitution shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
Child pornography
Section 204 (1) A person whoa) acquires or keeps a pornographic recording of one or more persons who have not attained
the age of eighteen years is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
three years,b) makes, offers, hands over or makes available a pornographic recording of one or more
persons who have not attained the age of eighteen years shall be punished by imprisonment
for one to five years,c) places on the market, trades in, or makes accessible to, a large audience a pornographic
recording of one or more persons who have not attained the age of eighteen years shall bepunished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
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(2) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) b) against aperson raised by or under the supervision, care or medical treatment of the perpetrator, or byabusing any other power or influence over the aggrieved party, shall be punished by
imprisonment for two to eight years.
(3) A person who provides material means for the commission of the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) c) shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(4) A person whoa) invites one or more persons who have not attained the age of eighteen years to participate
in a pornographic show shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years,b) has one or more persons who have not attained the age of eighteen years participate in a
pornographic show shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(5) A person shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years if hea) invites one or more persons who have not attained the age of eighteen years to participate
in a pornographic recording,b) attends a pornographic show in which one or more persons who have not attained the ageof eighteen years participate,c) provides material means for making one or more persons who have not attained the ageof eighteen years participate in a pornographic show.
(6) A person who provides the conditions necessary for or facilitating the making or placing
on the market of, or the trading in, pornographic recordings of one or more persons who havenot attained the age of fourteen years is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to two years.
(7) For the purposes of this section:a) pornographic recording means a video, film or photo recording or an image recording
produced by any other means, depicting sexuality in a grossly indecent manner for the
purpose of arousing sexual desire,b) pornographic show means an act or performance representing sexuality in a grossly
indecent manner for the purpose of arousing sexual desire.
Indecent exposure
Section 205 (1) A person who exposes himself to another person in an indecent manner forthe purpose of arousing or satisfying his own sexual desires is guilty of a misdemeanour andshall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) A person who has attained the age of eighteen years who behaves in an indecent manner
before a person who has not attained the age of fourteen years for the purpose of arousing or
satisfying his own sexual desires is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment
for up to three years, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.
(3) A person who behaves in an indecent manner before another person and, by doing so,
violates the human dignity of the aggrieved party shall be punished under paragraph (1),unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.
Ban on entering certain areas
Section 206 The perpetrator of the criminal offence of exploitation of child prostitution,
facilitating prostitution, living on the earnings of prostitution or indecent exposure may also
be subject to a ban on entering certain areas.

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Private motion
Section 207 The criminal offences specified in section 196 (1), section 197 (1) a), andsection 205 (3) shall only be punishable upon a private motion, unless the criminal offence iscommitted in relation with another criminal offence that is punishable without a privatemotion.
CHAPTER XXCRIMINAL OFFENCES VIOLATING THE INTERESTS OF CHILDREN AND CRIMINALOFFENCES AGAINST FAMILY
Endangering a minor
Section 208 (1) A person who is obliged to raise, supervise or care for a minor, including
the cohabitant of a parent exercising parental custody or a guardian, as well as a parent who isdeprived of parental custody rights if he lives in the same household or home as the minor,
endangers the physical, mental, moral or emotional development of the minor by grossly
violating his corresponding duties is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment
for one to five years.
(2) Unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established, a person who has attained theage of eighteen years shall be punished under paragraph (1) ifa) he induces or seeks to induce a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years tocommit a criminal offence or infraction or pursue a depraved lifestyle,b) he offers a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years for the commission of acriminal offence.
Child labour
Section 209 A person whoa) violates the statutory provisions on the employment of persons who have not attained theage of eighteen years, orb) employs a third-country national who has not attained the age of eighteen years and does
not hold a permission to carry out gainful activities
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Preventing the exercise of contact rights with a minor
Section 210 (1) A person who prevents, due to his own fault, the development ormaintenance of a relationship between a minor placed with him under an authority decision
and a person with contact rights with that minor even after a fine was imposed for theenforcement of such contact rights is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) The perpetrator shall not be liable to punishment if he allows such contact in a suitablemanner prior to a first instance conclusive decision being passed and commences thesubstitution of missed forms of contact.
Changing the placement of a minor
Section 211 (1) A person who, for the purpose of changing the placement of the minor
permanently, takes a minor away from the person with whom the minor was placed by anauthority under an enforceable authority decision without the permission of that person, or
keeps the minor hidden or in secret, is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
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(2) A person who uses violence or a direct threat to life or physical integrity at the time oftaking the minor away in the course of committing the criminal offence specified in paragraph(1) is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Failure to provide maintenance
Section 212 (1) A person who, due to his own fault, fails to perform his child maintenanceobligation as prescribed by law and an enforceable authority decision is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) A person who, due to his own fault, fails to perform his maintenance obligation asprescribed by law and an enforceable authority decision and causes serious deprivation to theperson entitled to maintenance as a result is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to three years.
(3) The perpetrator shall not be liable to punishment under paragraph (1) or in the casespecified in paragraph (2) his punishment may be reduced without limitation if he performs
his obligation prior to a first instance conclusive decision being passed.
Domestic violence
Section 212/A (1) A person who, on a regular basis and against a parent of his child oragainst his relative, former spouse, former cohabitant, custodian, guardian or individual under
his custodianship or guardianship who lived, prior to or at the time of the commission, in thesame household,a) behaves in a violent and humiliating manner that seriously violates human dignity,b) removes material goods that fall within the scope of common economic activities or
belong to the common property and causes serious deprivation to the aggrieved party as aresultis guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years,
unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.
(2) A person who commits, on a regular basis and against a person specified in paragraph(1)a) the criminal offence of causing bodily harm as specified in section 164 (2), or insult, as
specified in section 227 (2) is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up
to three years,b) the criminal offence of causing bodily harm as specified in section 164 (3) or (4),violation of personal freedom as specified in section 194 (1), or coercion shall be punished by
imprisonment for one to five years.
(3) The perpetrator of the criminal offence of domestic violence may also be subject to aban on entering certain areas.
(4) The criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) shall only be punishable upon a privatemotion.
Altering family status
Section 213 (1) A person who alters or terminates the family status of another person is
guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence ofaltering family status is committeda) by an employee of a healthcare service provider or a child welfare or child protection
institution relating to his profession,b) by a person obliged to raise, supervise or care for a person who has not attained the ageof eighteen years.
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(3) If the criminal offence of altering family status is committed by an employee of ahealthcare service provider or a child welfare or child protection institution relating to his
profession by negligence, he is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to one year.
BigamySection 214 A person who enters into a new marriage during the existence of his previous
marriage or enters into marriage with a married person is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to three years.
CHAPTER XXI
CRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST HUMAN DIGNITY AND CERTAIN FUNDAMENTALRIGHTS
Violation of the freedom of conscience and religion
Section 215 A person whoa) restricts the freedom of conscience of another person by violence or threat,b) prevents another person from freely exercising his religion by violence or threat
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Violence against a member of a community
Section 216 (1) A person who, because of the fact that another person, actually or
presumably, belongs to a national, ethnic, racial or religious group or another group ofsociety, in particular because of his disability, gender identity or sexual orientation, displays aconspicuously anti-social conduct that is capable of causing alarm in members of therespective group is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three
years.
(2) A person who assaults or coerces another person by violence or threat to do, not to do or
to tolerate something because he, actually or presumably, belongs to a national, ethnic, racial
or religious group or another group of society, in particular because of his disability, gender
identity or sexual orientation, shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence ofviolence against a member of a community is committeda) with a weapon,b) with an instrument capable of causing death,c) by causing significant harm to interests,d) by tormenting the aggrieved party,e) by a group, orf) in a criminal conspiracy.
(4) A person who commits preparation for violence against a member of a community is
guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
Violation of the freedom of association and assembly
Section 217 (1) A person who prevents another person from exercising his right ofassociation or assembly by violence or threat is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A person who hinders or obstructs an assembly, otherwise frustrates the organisation ofan assembly, or causes serious disturbance during an assembly is guilty of a misdemeanour

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and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year, unless a criminal offence of greater
gravity is established.
Section 217/A A person who resists, by violence or threat, an organiser, leader or staff
member of an assembly while he carries out his lawful tasks necessary for organising theassembly, or assaults such a person while he carries out his tasks as an organiser, is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years, unless anothercriminal offence is established.
Section 217/B (1) A person who fails to comply with a restriction ensuring the peacefulnature of an assembly pursuant to the Act on the right of assembly is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year, unless a criminal
offence of greater gravity is established.
(2) The leader of an assembly shall be punished under paragraph (1) if a staff member
employed by him fails to comply with a restriction ensuring the peaceful nature of theassembly and he fails to replace the staff member concerned immediately after becoming
aware of the situation.
Section 217/C A person who organises a prohibited assembly or announces such an
assembly within the meaning of the Act on the right of assembly is guilty of a misdemeanourand shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year, unless another criminal offence isestablished.
Violation of patient autonomy
Section 218 (1) A person who performsa) a medical intervention pertaining to modifying the human genome or the genome of anembryo, to human reproduction or to choosing the sex of an unborn child,b) medical research on a human being, an embryo or a gamete,c) the removal of an organ or tissue for transplantation purposes, or the transplantation of anorgan or tissue
that is subject to consent or permission without consent or permission of the person concernedor failing to provide appropriate information prescribed by law that is necessary for exercising
the right to give consent or permission is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A person who removes an organ or tissue from a deceased person despite a statement ofprohibition shall be punished under paragraph (1).
(3) A person who performs a medical intervention, medical research, or organ or tissue
removal or transplantation specified in paragraph (1) that is subject to consent or permission
by negligence without consent or permission of the person concerned is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
Misuse of personal data
Section 219 (1) A person who, by violating a provision laid down in an Act or a binding
legal act of the European Union on the protection or processing of personal data and for gainor causing significant harm to interests,a) processes personal data in an unauthorised manner or in deviation from the purpose ofprocessing, orb) fails to take measures to safeguard such data
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) A person who, by violating a provision laid down in an Act or a binding legal act of theEuropean Union on the protection or processing of personal data, fails to perform his
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access and, as a result, causes significant harm to the interests of one or more other persons,shall be punished under paragraph (1).
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to two years if the misuse of personal datais committed concerning sensitive data or criminal personal data.
(4) The perpetrator is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
three years if the misuse of personal data is committed by a public officer or by abusing apublic mandate.
Misuse of data of public interest
Section 220 (1) A person who, by violating the provisions concerning the publicity of dataof public interest as laid down in an Act,a) conceals a data of public interest from a requesting party or fails to perform his obligation
to disclose data of public interest after being obliged to do so by a court in a final and binding
decision,b) falsifies or renders data of public interest inaccessible,c) publishes or renders false or falsified data of public interest accessible
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) The perpetrator is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
three years if the misuse of data of public interest is committed for illicit gain.
Trespass
Section 221 (1) A person who, by violence, threat or under pretence of an official
procedure, enters or stays in the home or other premises of another person, or any related
enclosed area, is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
two years.
(2) A person who enters or stays in the home or other premises of another person, or any
related enclosed area, against the will of the person living there or disposing of it, or underfalse pretencesa) at night,b) with a weapon,c) with an instrument capable of causing death, ord) by a group,
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(3) A person who prevents another person from entering his home or other premises or any
related enclosed area,a) shall be punished under paragraph (1) if the criminal offence is committed as specified inparagraph (1),b) shall be punished under paragraph (2) if the criminal offence is committed as specified inparagraph (2).
(4) The perpetrator is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to
five years if the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) is committed in a manner
specified in paragraph (2).
Harassment
Section 222 (1) A person who disturbs another person regularly or permanently for the
purpose of causing fear or interfering with the private life or daily lifestyle of that person
arbitrarily is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one
year, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.

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(2) A person who, for the purpose of causing fear,a) threatens another person or, having regard to their relationship, a relative of anotherperson with the commission of a punishable violent act against a person or an act causing
public danger, orb) pretends that an event harming or directly endangering the life, physical integrity or
health of another person is about to take placeis guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence of harassmenta) against his spouse, former spouse, cohabitant or former cohabitant,b) against a person raised by him or under his supervision, care or medical treatment,c) by abusing his power or influence, ord) against a public officer, at a place or time that is inconsistent with his official activities
shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years in the case specified in paragraph (1)or up to three years for committing a felony in the case specified in paragraph (2).
Violation of personal secrets
Section 223 (1) A person who discloses, without a reasonable cause, a personal secret helearned due to his profession or public mandate is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by confinement.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to one year if the criminal offence causes
significant harm to interests.
Violation of the confidentiality of correspondence
Section 224 (1) A person whoa) destroys a sealed consignment containing the communication of another person, opens or
acquires such a consignment for the purpose of gaining knowledge of its content or hands
over such a consignment to an unauthorised person for such a purposeb) intercepts communications sent to another person through an electronic communications
network, including an information system,is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by confinement, unless a criminal offenceof greater gravity is established.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to one year if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) is committed by using a profession or public mandate.
(3) The punishment shall bea) imprisonment for up to two years if the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1)b) imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (2)causes significant harm to interests.
Humiliation of a vulnerable person
Section 225 (1) A person who induces another person, by exploiting his vulnerable
situation, to behave in a manner that humiliates him is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to one year, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity isestablished.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to two years if the perpetratora) provides or promises any consideration as part of the inducement specified inparagraph (1),68

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b) makes a recording of the person humiliating himself or makes such a recording accessible
to a large audience.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
the criminal offence is committed regularly for generating income.
Defamation
Section 226 (1) A person who, in front of another person, states, disseminates or uses anexpression in direct reference to a fact that is capable of harming one’s reputation is guilty ofa misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to two years if defamation is committeda) for a base reason or purpose,b) in front of a large audience, orc) by causing significant harm to interests.
Making false audio or image recording capable of harming the reputation of another
Section 226/A (1) A person who makes a false or falsified audio or image recording, or one
with untrue content, for the purpose of harming the reputation of one or more other persons is
guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year, unless
another criminal offence is established.
Disclosing false audio or image recording capable of harming the reputation ofanother
Section 226/B (1) A person who makes a false or falsified audio or image recording, or one
with untrue content, accessible for the purpose of harming the reputation of one or more otherpersons is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two
years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
the criminal offence is committeda) in front of a large audience, orb) by causing significant harm to interests.
InsultSection 227 (1) A person who, apart from the acts specified in section 226, uses anexpression that is capable of harming one’s reputation or commits any other such acta) with regard to the performance of the job, public mandate or public interest activity of theaggrieved party, orb) in front of a large audienceis guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) A person who commits the criminal offence of insult through a physical act shall bepunished under paragraph (1).
Violation of the memory of a deceased person
Section 228 A person who dishonours a deceased person or his memory in a manner
specified in section 226 or 227 is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by thepunishment specified in the respective section.

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Proving the truth
Section 229 (1) The perpetrator of a criminal offence specified in sections 226 to 228 shallnot be liable to punishment if the fact that is capable of harming one’s reputation is proved to
be true.
(2) Proving the truth may take place if the statement or dissemination of the fact, or the useof the expression directly referring to it, was justified by public interest or the legitimate
interest of a person.
Ban on entering certain areas
Section 230 The perpetrator of the criminal offence of harassment may also be subject to aban on entering certain areas.
Private motion
Section 231 The criminal offence specified in section 218 shall not be punishable without a
private motion, unless the criminal offence is committed in relation to another criminal
offence that is punishable without a private motion. For the purpose of section 218 (2), a
private motion may be filed by a person specified in and authorised by the Act on healthcare
to make a statement, or by a relative or heir of the deceased person.
(2) The criminal offences specified in sections 221 to 228 shall not be punishable without a
private motion, unless the criminal offence specified in section 227 is committed against amember of a law enforcement organ.
(3) For the purpose of section 228, a private motion may be filed by a relative or heir of thedeceased person.
CHAPTER XXII
TRAFFIC-RELATED CRIMINAL OFFENCES
Criminal offence against traffic safety
Section 232 (1) A person who endangers the life or physical integrity of one or more otherpersons by damaging or destroying a traffic route, vehicle, traffic control equipment or a
related accessory, creating an obstruction, removing or changing traffic signs or misleadingly
using them, using force or threat against the driver of a moving vehicle or by any similarmeans is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment fora) one to five years if the criminal offence causes grievous bodily harm,b) two to eight years if the criminal offence causes a permanent disability, serious
degradation of health or mass catastrophe,c) five to ten years if the criminal offence causes death,d) five to fifteen years if the criminal offence causes the death of more than two persons or afatal mass catastrophe.
(3) A person who commits preparation for a criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) is
guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(4) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) by negligence isguilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year; in thecases specified in paragraph (2), the punishment shall be imprisonment for up to two years, up
to three years, one to five years or two to eight years according to the distinctions made there.

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(5) The punishment may be reduced without limitation or, in cases deserving special
consideration, dispensed with if the perpetrator averts the danger voluntarily before it results
in any harm.
Endangering rail, air or waterway traffic
Section 233 (1) A person who endangers the life or physical integrity of one or more otherpersons by violating the rules of rail, air or waterway traffic is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment fora) one to five years if the criminal offence causes grievous bodily harm,b) two to eight years if the criminal offence causes a permanent disability, serious
degradation of health or mass catastrophe,c) five to ten years if the criminal offence causes death,d) five to fifteen years if the criminal offence causes the death of more than two persons or afatal mass catastrophe.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) by negligence isguilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year; in thecases specified in paragraph (2), the punishment shall be imprisonment for up to two years, up
to three years, one to five years or two to eight years according to the distinctions made there.
(4) The punishment may be reduced without limitation or, in cases deserving special
consideration, dispensed with if the perpetrator averts the danger voluntarily before it results
in any harm.
Endangering road traffic
Section 234 (1) A person who exposes the life or physical integrity of one or more otherpersons to direct danger on a public road or a publicly accessible private road by violating therules of road traffic is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three
years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment fora) one to five years if the criminal offence causes grievous bodily harm,b) two to eight years if the criminal offence causes a permanent disability, serious
degradation of health or mass catastrophe,c) five to ten years if the criminal offence causes death,d) five to fifteen years if the criminal offence causes the death of more than two persons or afatal mass catastrophe.
Causing a road traffic accident
Section 235 (1) A person who causes grievous bodily harm to one or more other persons byviolating the rules of road traffic by negligence is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment fora) up to three years if the criminal offence causes a permanent disability, serious
degradation of health or mass catastrophe,b) one to five years if the criminal offence causes death,c) two to eight years if the criminal offence causes the death of more than two persons or afatal mass catastrophe.

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Driving under the influence of alcohol
Section 236 (1) A person who drives a railway vehicle, an aircraft, a motor-driven vessel or,on a public road or a publicly accessible private road, a motor vehicle under the influence ofalcohol is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two
years.
(2) For committing a felony, the punishment shall be imprisonment fora) up to three years if the criminal offence causes in grievous bodily harm,b) one to five years if the criminal offence causes a permanent disability, serious
degradation of health or mass catastrophe,c) two to eight years if the criminal offence causes death,d) five to ten years if the criminal offence causes the death of more than two persons or afatal mass catastrophe.
(3) A person who causes a result specified in paragraph (2) by driving a non-motor-driven
vessel or, on a public road or a publicly accessible private road, a non-motor vehicle under the
influence of alcohol shall be punished according to the distinctions made there.
Driving under the influence of intoxicants
Section 237 (1) A person who drives a railway vehicle, an aircraft, a motor-driven vessel or,on a public road or a publicly accessible private road, a motor vehicle under the influence of a
substance, other than alcohol from the consumption of an alcoholic beverage, that has adetrimental impact on his driving ability is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) For committing a felony, the punishment shall be imprisonment fora) up to three years if the criminal offence causes grievous bodily harm,b) one to five years if the criminal offence causes a permanent disability, serious
degradation of health or mass catastrophe,c) two to eight years if the criminal offence causes death,d) five to ten years if the criminal offence causes the death of more than two persons or afatal mass catastrophe.
(3) A person who causes a result specified in paragraph (2) by driving a non-motor-driven
vessel or, on a public road or a publicly accessible private road, a non-motor vehicle under the
influence of a substance, other than alcohol from the consumption of an alcoholic beverage,that has a detrimental impact on his driving ability shall be punished according to the
distinctions made there.
Allowing another to drive while impaired
Section 238 (1) A person who allows another person who is under the influence of alcoholor another intoxicant, or who is otherwise incapable of driving, to drive a railway vehicle, anaircraft, a motor-driven vessel or, on a public road or a publicly accessible private road, amotor vehicle is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
one year.
(2) For committing a felony, the punishment shall be imprisonment fora) up to three years if the criminal offence causes a permanent disability, serious
degradation of health or mass catastrophe,b) one to five years if the criminal offence causes death,c) two to eight years if the criminal offence causes the death of more than two persons or afatal mass catastrophe.

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Hit and run
Section 239 If the driver of the vehicle involved in a traffic accident fails to stop at, or
leaves the place of, the accident before verifying whether any person suffered any injury orneeds assistance due to a direct danger to life or physical integrity then he is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year, unless a criminal
offence of greater gravity is established.
Driving an illegally converted passenger vehicle
Section 239/A (1) A person who drives, on a public road or a publicly accessible privateroad, a road vehicle or a vehicle providing special passenger transport services, as defined in
the Act on passenger transport services, that was modified without a permit or in violation ofa permit is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one
year, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to two years if the criminal offence iscommitted with a school bus or a road transport vehicle used for the transport of special-needs
passengers, in particular disabled, elderly or ill persons.
(3) A person who modifies or has someone modify a vehicle specified in this section
without permission is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by confinement.
Interpretative provisions
Section 240 (1) The provisions on criminal offences committed on public roads shall also
be applied if the violation of the rules of driving on public roads causes at least grievous
bodily harm or death on roads other than public roads.
(2) For the purposes of sections 233 to 235, the provisions on pedestrians and passengers
shall not be considered part of the rules of traffic.
(3) For the purposes of sections 236 and 238, a person shall be considered to be under the
influence of alcohol if the alcohol in his system, originating from the consumption of
alcoholic beverages, is capable of producing a blood alcohol level exceeding 0.50 gram/litre
or an air alcohol level exceeding 0.25 milligram/litre.
CHAPTER XXIII
CRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST THE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURE
Damaging the environment
Section 241 (1) A person whoa) endangers the soil, air, water, flora and fauna or their components by significant pollution
or any other means,b) damages the soil, air, water, flora and fauna or their components by significant pollution
or any other means to such an extent that their natural or previous condition can only berestored by intervention,c) damages the soil, air, water, flora and fauna or their components by significant pollution
or any other means to such an extent that their natural or previous condition cannot be
restoredis guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years in the casespecified in point a), for one to five years in the case specified in point b), and for two to eight
years in the case specified in point c).
(2) A person who commits the criminal offence of damaging the environment by negligenceis guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year in the73

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case specified in paragraph (1) a), up to two years in the case specified in paragraph (1) b),
and up to three years in the case specified in paragraph (1) c).
(3) The perpetrator shall not be liable to punishment in the cases specified in paragraph (1)a) and in the first and second parts of paragraph (2), and his punishment may be reduced
without limitation in the case specified in paragraph (1) b), if he averts the danger orenvironmental damage caused by the criminal offence and restores the original condition of
the damaged environment before the first instance conclusive decision is passed.
(4) For the purposes of this section, pollution means any load on the soil, air, water, living
world or their components exceeding the emission limit specified by law or an authority
decision.
Damaging natural values
Section 242 (1) A person who unlawfully acquires, keeps, places on the market, imports to,exports from or transports through the territory of the country, trades in, damages or destroysa) a specimen of a specially protected living organism,b) specimens of a protected living organism or a plant or animal species that are significant
for nature conservation purposes in the European Union, provided that the total monetary
value of all such specimens, as determined by law, reaches the lowest monetary value
determined for specimens of a specially protected living organism,c) a specimen of a living organism falling within the scope of Annex A or B of the Council
Regulation (EC) on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade
thereinis guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence ofdamaging natural values causes such a destruction of specimens of a living organisma) that, in the cases specified in paragraph (1) a) or b), the total monetary value of all
specimens of the destroyed living organism, as determined by law, is at least double of thehighest monetary value determined for specimens of a specially protected living organism,b) which, in the case specified in paragraph (1) c), endangers the survival of the populationof the living organism.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) by negligence isguilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(4) For the purposes of this section, a specimen of a living organism means:a) all stages, forms, and status of development of a living organism,b) a specimen resulting from the natural or artificial cross-breeding of living organisms,c) derivatives of specimens of living organisms, which shall be construed to mean also adead creature or any part of a dead creature or a specimen of a living organism, as well as any
product or preparation made of or containing any ingredient taken from any of the above.
Section 243 (1) A person who alters a Natura 2000 area, a protected cave, a protectednatural area or a community or habitat of protected living organisms illegally and to asignificant extent is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three
years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence ofdamaging natural values causes any significant damage to or the destruction of the Natura
2000 area, protected cave, protected natural area, or the community or habitat of the protectedliving organisms.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) by negligence isguilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.

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(4) For the purposes of this section, a Natura 2000 area shall mean an area defined as suchby the Act on the protection of nature.
Animal cruelty
Section 244 (1) A person whoa) abuses or treats a vertebrate animal, without justification, in a manner capable of causing
the death or any permanent damage to the health of the animal,b) chases away, leaves or abandons a vertebrate animal or dangerous animal
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
the criminal offence of animal crueltya) causes extreme suffering to the animal, orb) causes the death or any permanent damage to the health of more than one animal.
Game poaching
Section 245 A person whoa) engages in any activity aimed at killing or catching a wild animal without authorisation tohunt in a hunting area or permission to hunt in the hunting area of another person,b) kills or catches a specimen of a wild animal species during the period of a hunting
moratorium, as defined in a separate law, covering all specimens of the given species,c) engages in any activity aimed at killing or catching a wild animal or a protected or
specially protected vertebrate animal using prohibited means or methods of hunting or in a
no-hunting area, as defined in a separate law
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Fish poaching
Section 246 A person whoa) engages in any activity aimed at catching fish using, without authorisation, a fishing net
or other fishing equipment, other than a fishing rod,b) engages in any activity aimed at catching fish using prohibited means or methods, or in a
no-fishing area, as defined in a separate law,is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
Organising illegal animal fights
Section 247 (1) A person who organises, holds, organises betting on or bets on an animal
fight featuring vertebrate animals is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment
for up to three years.
(2) A person who acquires, keeps, breeds, trains, teaches or places on the market avertebrate animal for the purposes of animal fights is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to two years.
Violation of waste management regulations
Section 248 (1) A person whoa) disposes of waste in a location not licensed for such purposes by an authority,b) without or exceeding the limits of a permit, engages in waste management activities or
any other illegal activity concerning waste
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.

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(2) The perpetrator shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal
offence specified in paragraph (1) is committed with hazardous waste as defined in the Act on
waste.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence by negligence is guilty of a misdemeanourand shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year in the case specified in paragraph(1) or up to two years in the case specified in paragraph (2).
(4) For the purposes of this section:a) waste means everything defined in the Act on waste as waste if it is capable ofendangering human life, physical integrity, health, the soil, water, air or their components, ora specimen of a living organism;b) waste management activity means the collection, gathering, transport, including
importing to, exporting from, and transporting through the territory of the country, preprocessing, storage, recovery, and disposal of waste as defined in the Act on waste.
Abuse of ozone-depleting substances
Section 249 (1) A person who manufactures, uses or imports to or exports from the territoryof the country or places on the market a substance or a product containing a substance that
depletes the ozone layer is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
three years.
(2) A person who commits the criminal offence of abuse of ozone-depleting substances by
negligence is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one
year.
Abuse of radioactive materials
Section 250 (1) A person who, without a permit or notification or exceeding the limits of apermit,a) produces, stores, disposes of or transports a hazardous, radioactive material,b) acquires, possesses, handles, places on the market, processes, uses in any other way,hands over to a person who is not authorised to keep it, neutralises or imports to, exports fromor transports through the territory of the country a hazardous, radioactive material
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) A person who commits the criminal offence in a criminal conspiracy shall be punishedby imprisonment for two to eight years.
(3) A person who commits preparation for abuse of radioactive materials is guilty of afelony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(4) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) by negligence isguilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(5) For the purposes of this section, hazardous radioactive material means a natural or
artificial substance at least one component of which emits ionising radiation and is dangerous
to human life, health or the living or non-living environment.
Unlawful operation of a nuclear facility
Section 251 (1) A person who, without or exceeding the limits of a permit, operates anuclear facility is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five
years.
(2) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) in a criminal
conspiracy shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(3) A person who commits preparation for unlawful operation of a nuclear facility shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to three years.
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Abuse related to the application of atomic energy
Section 252 (1) A person who, to obtain a permit required for the application of atomic
energy, deceives a body or person with decision-making power is guilty of a felony and shallbe punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) A person who fails to perform his notification obligation relating to the application of
atomic energy shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Ban on entering certain areas
Section 253 The perpetrator of the criminal offence of damaging the environment,
damaging natural values, game poaching, fish poaching, violation of waste management
regulations, and organising illegal animal fights may also be subject to a ban on enteringcertain areas.
CHAPTER XXIV
CRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST THE STATE
Changing the constitutional order by force
Section 254 (1) A person who commits an act directly aimed at changing the constitutional
order of Hungary by using or threatening to use force is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for five to twenty years or life.
(2) A person who commits preparation for changing the constitutional order by force shallbe punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(3) A person shall not be liable to punishment for the criminal offence of changing theconstitutional order by force if the criminal offence is not continued due to his voluntaryabandonment or if he prevents the continuation of the criminal offence voluntarily.
Conspiracy against the constitutional order
Section 255 (1) A person who establishes or leads an organisation the purpose of which is
to change the constitutional order of Hungary by using or threatening to use force is guilty ofa felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for five to ten years.
(2) A person who participates in an organisation specified in paragraph (1) shall be punishedby imprisonment for two to eight years.
(3) A person shall not be liable to punishment for the criminal offence of conspiracy against
the constitutional order if the conspiracy is not continued due to his voluntary abandonment or
if he prevents the continuation of the conspiracy voluntarily.
Riot
Section 256 (1) A person who participates in a mass disturbance the direct purpose of whichis to preventa) the National Assembly,b) the President of the Republic,c) the Curia, ord) the Government
from exercising a power conferred on it by the Fundamental Law, or to force any of them totake a measure, by using or threatening to use force, is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(2) A person who organises or leads a mass disturbance specified in paragraph (1) shall bepunished by imprisonment for five to fifteen years.

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(3) A person who commits preparation for riot shall be punished by imprisonment for one to
five years.
(4) A participant shall not be liable to punishment for riot if he leaves the mass disturbancevoluntarily or as instructed by an authority before any violent act is commenced.
Destruction
Section 257 (1) A person who, for the purpose of disturbing the constitutional order of
Hungary, destroys, renders unserviceable or damages a public utility, a production, public
transport or telecommunication facility or their equipment, a public building or structure,stock of products, war material, or any other asset of comparable importance considering its
intended purpose, is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight
years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to twenty years or life if the destruction
results in a particularly serious disadvantage.
(3) A person who commits preparation for destruction shall be punished by imprisonment
for up to three years.
TreasonSection 258 (1) A Hungarian citizen who, for the purpose of violating the independence,
territorial integrity or constitutional order of Hungary, establishes or keeps contact with aforeign government or foreign organisation is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for five to fifteen years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for ten to twenty years or life if treason iscommitteda) causing a serious disadvantage,b) by using a state service or official mandate,c) in a time of war, ord) by inviting or using a foreign armed force.
(3) A person who commits preparation for treason shall be punished by imprisonment for
one to five years or, in a time of war, two to eight years.
Treachery
Section 259 (1) A Hungarian citizen who, abusing his state service or official mandate,establishes or keeps contact with a foreign government or foreign organisation, and thus
endangers the independence, territorial integrity or constitutional order of Hungary is guilty ofa felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years or, in a time of war,
five to fifteen years.
Aiding the enemy
Section 260 (1) A person who contacts or provides assistance to the enemy or causes any
disadvantage to his own or an allied armed force for weakening the military power of
Hungary in a time of war is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for ten
to twenty years or life.
(2) A person who commits preparation for aiding the enemy shall be punished by
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Espionage
Section 261 (1) A person who engages in intelligence activities for a foreign power or
foreign organisation against Hungary is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for two to eight years.
(2) A person who commits espionage as specified in paragraph (1) by disclosing dataclassified as top secret shall be punished by imprisonment for five to fifteen years.
(3) A person who commits preparation for espionage shall be punished by imprisonment for
one to five years.
(4) A person shall not be liable to punishment for offering or undertaking to engage in
intelligence activities if he reports his offer or undertaking and reveals his foreign connection
in full to the authorities or a competent state organ before performing any other intelligence
activity.
Espionage against the institutions of the European Union
Section 261/A A person who engages in intelligence activity for a third country outside theEuropean Union against the European Parliament, the European Commission or the Councilof the European Union shall be punishable in accordance with section 261.
Espionage against allied armed forces
Section 262 A person who commits espionage against an allied armed force within the
territory of Hungary or another country allied to Hungary under an international treaty inforce providing for an obligation to provide mutual military aid shall be punishable under
section 261.
Failure to report a criminal offence against the State
Section 263 (1) A person who obtains credible knowledge of any changing theconstitutional order by force, conspiracy against the constitutional order, riot, destruction,
treason, treachery, aiding the enemy, espionage, espionage against allied armed forces or
espionage against the institutions of the European Union that is about to be committed, or thatsuch a criminal offence has been committed without being discovered, and fails to report it to
the authorities or a competent state organ as soon as he can is guilty of a misdemeanour andshall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) A relative of the perpetrator of a criminal offence against the State shall not be liable topunishment for failure to report the criminal offence against the State.
Ban on entering certain areas
Section 264 The perpetrator of a criminal offence specified in this Chapter may also be
subject to a ban on entering certain areas.
CHAPTER XXVCRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST CLASSIFIED DATA AND NATIONAL DATA ASSETS
Misuse of classified data
Section 265 (1) A person whoa) acquires or uses classified data without authorisation,b) renders classified data accessible to an unauthorised person or renders classified datainaccessible to an authorised person
commits the criminal offence of misuse of classified data.

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(2) The punishment shall bea) confinement for committing a misdemeanour if the criminal offence is committed
concerning data classified as restricted,b) imprisonment for up to one year if the criminal offence is committed concerning dataclassified as confidential,c) for committing a felony, imprisonment for up to three years if the criminal offence iscommitted concerning data classified as secret,d) imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence is committed concerning dataclassified as top secret.
(3) A person authorised by law to use classified data who commits the criminal offence of
misuse of classified data concerning data classified as restricted, confidential, secret or top
secret, shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year, up to two years, one to five
years or two to eight years according to the distinctions made in paragraph (2).
(4) A person who commits preparation for misuse of classified data as specified inparagraph (2) c) to d), according to the distinctions made there, is guilty of a misdemeanourand shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years or is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(5) A person authorised to use classified data who commits preparation for misuse ofclassified data as specified in paragraph (2) c) to d), according to the distinctions made there,is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years or one to five
years.
(6) A person authorised by law to use classified data, who commits the criminal offence by
negligence, is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by confinement or
imprisonment for up to one year, two years or three years, according to the distinctions madein paragraph (2).
Section 266 (1) Protection under criminal law shall also be afforded, for a period of thirtydays after classification was initiated, to data the classification of which was initiated but theclassification procedure was yet to be completed when the criminal offence was committed if
the perpetrator was aware of this fact.
(2)
Criminal offence against a state register forming part of national data assets
Section 267 (1) A person who renders any data processed in a state register forming part ofnational data assets inaccessible to the data controller is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to three years, unless another criminal offence isestablished.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence
causes significant harm to interests.
CHAPTER XXVICRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST JUSTICE
False accusation
Section 268 (1) A person whoa) in front of an authority, falsely accuses another person of committing a criminal offence,b) informs an authority of a piece of fabricated evidence against another person concerninga criminal offence
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.

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(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if criminal proceedings arelaunched against the person concerned based on the false accusation.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years ifa) the accused is sentenced based on the false accusation,b) the false accusation concerns a criminal offence the perpetrator of which may bepunished by imprisonment for life under the law.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if the accused is sentenced
based on a false accusation of a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment for life.
(5) A person who, in front of an authority, falsely accuses another person of committing acriminal offence because he does not know, due to his negligence, that his statement or theevidence is false is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
two years.
Section 269 (1) A person whoa) falsely accuses another person of committing an infraction or a violation punishable byan administrative fine in front of an authority,b) falsely accuses another person of committing a disciplinary offence in front of an
authority or an entity with disciplinary powersc) informs an authority or an entity with disciplinary powers of a piece of fabricatedevidence against another person concerning an infraction, a violation punishable by anadministrative fine or a disciplinary offence,is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
Section 270 (1) If proceedings were launched based on the false accusation, before thisunderlying case is finished, criminal proceedings may only be launched regarding the criminal
offence of false accusation, upon a crime report filed by the authority proceeding in theunderlying case. Except for such a crime report, the statute of limitations regarding a false
accusation shall commence on the day when the underlying case is finished.
(2) The punishment of a perpetrator of the criminal offence of false accusation may be
reduced without limitation or, in cases deserving special consideration, may be dispensed
with, if he reveals the falsehood of the accusation in front of the proceeding authority before
the underlying case is finished.
Misleading of authority
Section 271 (1) A person who files a report that he knows to be untrue and which could
serve as a ground for criminal proceedings with an authority is guilty of a misdemeanour andshall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years provided that section 268 does not
apply.
(2) A person who files a report that he knows to be untrue and which could serve as aground for an infraction procedure with an authority, or for an infraction procedure ordisciplinary proceedings with an entity with disciplinary powers shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to one year provided that section 269 does not apply.
(3) A person who files a report that he knows to be untrue and which could serve as aground for any other authority procedure with an authority shall be punished by confinement,
provided that section 269 does not apply.
Perjury
Section 272 (1) A witness who gives false testimony or withholds the truth before an
authority concerning a material aspect of a case is guilty of perjury.
(2) The provisions on perjury shall be applied to a person whoa) makes a false expert statement as an expert or provides false information as a consultant,
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b) falsely translates as an interpreter or translator,c) provides a false document or a false physical evidence in a criminal or civil case,provided that section 268 (1) b) does not apply.
(3) The defendant of a criminal case may not be punished under paragraph (2) c).
(4) A person who commits perjury in a criminal case is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for one to five years. If perjury is committed regarding a criminal
offence punishable also by imprisonment for life, the punishment shall be imprisonment for
two to eight years.
(5) A person who commits perjury in a civil case shall be punished by imprisonment for up
to three years. If the subject matter of the civil case is of a particularly large monetary value ora particularly significant other interest, the punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five
years.
(6) A person who commits perjury by negligence is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to one year.
Section 273 A person who commits perjury in an infraction procedure or another authority
procedure or disciplinary proceedings is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to one year.
Section 274 Criminal proceedings may not be launched on the ground of perjury before theunderlying case in which perjury was committed is finished unless a crime report is filed by
the authority proceeding in the underlying case. Except for such a crime report, the statute oflimitations regarding perjury shall commence on the day when the underlying case is finished.
Section 275 (1) A person shall not be liable to punishment for perjury ifa) by revealing the truth, he would accuse himself or a relative of his of committing acriminal offence,b) he may refuse to provide witness testimony for any other reason, about which he was notadvised before his interrogation, orc) his interrogation is prohibited by law.
(2) The punishment may be reduced without limitation or, in cases deserving special
consideration, may be dispensed with, if the perpetrator before the underlying case isterminated with final and binding effect or with administrative finality, informs the authority
proceeding in the underlying case of the falsehood of the evidence he provided.
Invitation to perjury
Section 276 (1) A person who seeks to induce another person to commit perjury is guilty ofa felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years if it is committed in acriminal case, or is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
two years if it is committed in a civil case.
(2) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) in an infraction
procedure or another authority procedure or proceedings before an entity with disciplinary
powers is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one
year.
Unjustified refusal to testify
Section 277 A witness who, after being advised as a witness, refuses to testify in court in acriminal case without justification is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished byconfinement.

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Coercion in an authority procedure
Section 278 (1) A person who coerces another person by violence or threat not to exercise
his statutory rights or perform his obligations in an authority procedure is guilty of thecriminal offence of coercion in an authority procedure.
(2) A person who commits the criminal offence in a criminal case is guilty of a felony andshall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years. If the criminal offence is committed
in a criminal case conducted regarding a criminal offence punishable also by imprisonment
for life, the punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence in a civil case shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to three years. If the subject matter of a civil case is of a particularly
large monetary value or a particularly significant other interest, the punishment shall be
imprisonment for one to five years.
(4) If the criminal offence is committed in an infraction procedure or another authority
procedure or proceedings before an entity with disciplinary powers, the perpetrator is guilty ofa misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
Interference with the proceedings of an authority
Section 279 (1) A person who displays a conspicuously anti-social or violent conduct that
disturbs, hinders or prevents the proceedings of an authority is guilty of a misdemeanour andshall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years, unless a criminal offence of greater
gravity is established.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) is committed in a court procedure.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) is committed by a group or with a weapon or an instrument capableof causing death.
Breach of confidentiality in connection with the administration of justiceSection 280 (1) A person who, without the consent of an authorised person, discloses a fact,
data or a circumstance he learned as an official witness is guilty of a misdemeanour and shallbe punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) A person who discloses anything said in a closed court trial without being permitted to
do so by an authorised person shall be punished under paragraph (1), unless a criminal
offence of greater gravity is established.
(3) A person who discloses a fact or data that has been mentioned during a court panelsession or recorded in the minutes of a panel session or an annex thereto and may not be
disclosed to the public shall be punished under paragraph (1).
Withholding exculpatory circumstances
Section 281 (1) A person who fails to reveal a fact, which may serve as a ground for
acquitting or terminating criminal proceedings against a person concerned, to the person
concerned, his defence counsel or the authority is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) If the criminal offence of withholding exculpatory circumstances is committed regarding
a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment for life, the punishment shall be imprisonment
for two to eight years.
(3) A person who fails to reveal a fact, which may serve as a ground for terminating an
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punishable by an administrative fine, to the person concerned, his defence counsel or theauthority is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by confinement.
(4) A person shall not be liable to punishment for withholding exculpatory circumstances ifa) by disclosing the fact, he would accuse himself or a relative of hisaa) in criminal proceedings or authority procedure, of committing a criminal offence,ab) in an infraction procedure, of committing a criminal offence or infraction,ac) in a disciplinary procedure, of committing a criminal offence, infraction, violation
punishable by an administrative fine or disciplinary offence,b) his interrogation as a witness is prohibited by law.
Accessory after the fact
Section 282 (1) A person who, without conspiring with the perpetrator of a criminal offence
before commission,a) provides assistance for the perpetrator to flee from official prosecution,b) seeks to prevent the criminal proceedings from succeeding, orc) participates in securing any gain from the criminal offence
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) The perpetrator is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
three years if the criminal offence of accessory after the fact is committed for gain.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence ofaccessory after the fact is committeda) regarding a criminal offence specified in Chapters XIII, XIV or XXIV [except for failure
to report a criminal offence against the State (section 263 (1))],b) regarding homicide [section 160 (1) to (3) and (5)], kidnapping [section 190 (1) to (4)],trafficking in human beings [section 192 (1) to (6)], terrorist act [section 314 (1) to (2)],terrorism financing [sections 318 and 318/A], unlawful seizure of a vehicle [section 320 (1) to(2)],c) regarding a criminal offence punishable by imprisonment for life and not mentioned inpoints a) to b),ord) by a public officer or foreign public officer during his official procedure, violating his
official duties or by a person performing public duties during his procedure.
(4) Except for paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) d), a person shall not be liable to punishment
if he commits the criminal offence of accessory after the fact, as specified in paragraph (1) a),in the interest of a relative.
Prisoner escape
Section 283 (1) A person who, during the criminal proceedings or the enforcement of asentence of imprisonment or confinement, escapes from the custody of an authority is guilty
of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A person who, for the purpose of relieving himself from criminal proceedings conductedagainst him, leaves the area, home, other premises, institute or a fenced area of it designatedfor him, during the period of criminal supervision by violating the rules of the coercive
measure is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two
years.
(2a) A person who, for the purpose of relieving himself from an extradition or surrender
procedure conducted against him and during the period of the criminal supervision related totemporary extradition or temporary transfer, leaves the area, home, other premises, institute or84

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a fenced area of it designated for him by violating the rules of the coercive measure shall bepunished under paragraph (2).
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to one year if a convict, for the purpose ofrelieving himself from the enforcement of his sentence, fails to return after an interruption of
the sentence, leave, short leave or absence granted to him during the enforcement of thesentence of imprisonment.
(3a) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to one year if a convict, for the purposeof relieving himself from the enforcement of his imprisonment and during the period of his
reintegration custody, leaves the home and the fenced area of it designated for him or anotherplace of stay specified in his daily agenda by violating the rules of reintegration custody.
(4) The punishment of a perpetrator of prisoner escape may be reduced without limitation if
he turns himself in voluntarily before his place of stay becomes known to the authorities.
Prisoner mutiny
Section 284 (1) A detainee who, together with other detainees, participates in an open
resistance that seriously endangers the order of detention is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years fora) a person who initiates, organises or leads a prisoner mutiny,b) participates in a prisoner mutiny if he uses violence against a person taking action to
overcome the mutiny.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to fifteen years if the prisoner mutiny
causes particularly serious consequences.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to twenty years or life if the prisoner
mutiny causes death.
(5) A person who commits preparation for prisoner mutiny shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to three years.
(6) In the case specified in paragraph (1), the punishment of a person may be reduced
without limitation if he ceases to resist voluntarily or upon an order by an authority.
Legal malpracticeSection 285 (1) An attorney-at-law who, to cause his client any illegal disadvantage,breaches any of his professional duties is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the legal malpractice iscommitted for gain.
(3) For the purposes of this section, attorney-at-law also means a junior attorney-at-law andany other person who is entitled to act as a legal representative by reason of his profession.
Unauthorised practice of law
Section 286 (1) A person who pursues the activities of an attorney-at-law, patent attorney ornotary regularly for generating income and without being authorised to do so is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
the criminal offence of unauthorised practice of law is committed by pretending to beauthorised to pursue the activities of an attorney-at-law, patent attorney or notary.

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Breach of seal
Section 287 (1) A person whoa) removes or damages a seal used for the purpose of seizure, impounding or sequestration
ordered in an authority procedure,b) opens a closed room used to safeguard any seized, impounded or sequestrated thing,c) renders any data affected by an order to preserve electronic data accessible to an
unauthorised person, makes such data inaccessible during the proceedings or modifies suchdata,d) renders any electronic data rendered temporarily inaccessible during criminal
proceedings accessible to an unauthorised person, makes such data inaccessible during theproceedings or modifies such data
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) A person who removes a thing seized, impounded or sequestrated in an authority
procedure from enforcement is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for
up to three years.
(3) The perpetrator of the criminal offence of breach of seal, as specified in paragraph (2),shall not be liable to punishment if he returns the thing fully intact to the proceeding authority
before indictment.
Obstructing judicial enforcement
Section 288 (1) A person who, after being subject to a disciplinary fine by a court with final
and binding effect, continues the behaviour for which the disciplinary fine was imposed, or
keeps failing to perform his statutory obligations pertaining to judicial enforcement, except
for obligations stipulated in an enforceable title, is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) The perpetrator shall not be liable to punishment if he performs his statutory obligations
pertaining to judicial enforcement before indictment.
Criminal offence against justice committed before an international tribunal
Section 289 A person shall be punished under sections 268 to 282 if he commits a criminal
offence specified therein in the course of or concerning proceedings of the Court of Justice of
the European Union or an international criminal court established by an international treaty
promulgated by an Act or a binding decision of the United Nations Security Council.
CHAPTER XXVIICORRUPTION RELATED CRIMINAL OFFENCES
Active bribery
Section 290 (1) A person who gives or promises any undue advantage to a person pursuing
any activity for or in the interest of an economic operator or to any other person on account ofsuch a person, to have him breach his duties is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) is committed concerning a person pursuing any activity for or in theinterest of an economic operator with independent powers to take action.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment fora) one to five years in the case specified in paragraph (1),b) two to eight years in the case specified in paragraph (2),86Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
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if the criminal offence of active bribery is committed in a criminal conspiracy or regularly
for generating income.
(4) A person who commits the criminal offence of active bribery concerning a person
pursuing any activity for or in the interest of a foreign economic operator shall be punishedunder paragraphs (1) to (3).
(5) The punishment of the perpetrator of the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) may
be reduced without limitation or, in cases deserving special consideration, may be dispensed
with if he notifies the authorities of the criminal offence and reveals the circumstances of its
commission before the authority becomes aware of them.
Passive bribery
Section 291 (1) A person who asks for any undue advantage concerning his activity for orin the interest of an economic operator, or accepts such advantage or a promise of it, or agrees
with a person asking for or accepting any undue advantage given or promised to a third partyon his account, is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three
years.
(2) The perpetrator shall be punished by imprisonment fora) one to five years if he breaches his duty in exchange for the undue advantage,b) two to eight years if he commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) in acriminal conspiracy or regularly for generating income.
(3) If the perpetrator is a person who pursues an activity for or in the interest of an economic
operator with independent powers to take action, the punishment shall be imprisonment fora) one to five years in the case specified in paragraph (1),b) two to eight years in the case specified in paragraph (2) a),c) five to ten years in the case specified in paragraph (2) b).
(4) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1) to (3) withregard to a person pursuing an activity for or in the interest of a foreign economic operator
shall be punished under the respective paragraph.
(5) The punishment of the perpetrator of the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) may
be reduced without limitation or, in cases deserving special consideration, may be dispensed
with if he notifies the authorities of the criminal offence, hands over to the authorities any
undue material advantage received or the consideration therefor, and reveals thecircumstances of its commission before the authority becomes aware of them.
Section 292
Active bribery regarding a public officer
Section 293 (1) A person who seeks to influence a public officer by giving or promising any
undue advantage to him or to another person on his account concerning his activities, is guilty
of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The perpetrator shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years if he gives orpromises any undue advantage for the purpose of having a public officer breach his official
duties, exceed his competence or otherwise abuse his official status.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1) and (2)concerning the activities of a foreign public officer shall be punished under the respective
paragraph.
(4) An executive of an economic operator or a person pursuing an activity for, or in theinterest of, an economic operator with the power to control or supervise shall be punishedunder paragraph (1) if the person pursuing an activity for, or in the interest of, the economic
operator commits the criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1) to (3) in the interest of the87Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
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economic operator, provided that the performance of his supervision or control obligation
could have prevented the commission of the criminal offence.
(5) An executive of an economic operator or a person pursuing an activity for or in theinterest of an economic operator with the power to control or supervise is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years if he commits thecriminal offence specified in paragraph (4) by negligence.
(6) The punishment of the perpetrator of the criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1)and (2) may be reduced without limitation or, in cases deserving special consideration, may
be dispensed with if he notifies the authorities of the criminal offence and reveals thecircumstances of its commission before the authority becomes aware of them.
Passive bribery regarding a public officer
Section 294 (1) A public officer who asks for any undue advantage concerning his activities
or accepts such advantage or a promise of it, or agrees with a person asking for or accepting
any undue advantage given or promised to a third party concerning his person, is guilty of afelony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence iscommitted by an executive public officer.
(3) The perpetrator shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years in the casespecified in paragraph (1) or for five to ten years in the case specified in paragraph (2), ifa) in exchange for the undue advantageaa) he breaches his official duties,ab) he exceeds his competence orac) he otherwise abuses his official status, orb) he commits the criminal offence in a criminal conspiracy regularly for generating
income.
(4) A foreign public officer who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1) to(3) shall be punished under the respective paragraph.
(5) The punishment of the perpetrator of the criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1)and (2) may be reduced without limitation or, in cases deserving special consideration, may
be dispensed with if he notifies the authorities of the criminal offence, hands over to theauthorities any undue material advantage received or the consideration therefor, and reveals
the circumstances of its commission before the authority becomes aware of them.
Active bribery in court or in authority proceedings
Section 295 (1) A person who gives or promises any undue advantage to a person, or toanother person on his account, to have him not exercise his statutory rights or perform his
obligations in the proceedings of a court, arbitration court or authority is guilty of a felony andshall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A person shall be punished under paragraph (1) if he commits a criminal offence
specified therein in the course of or concerning proceedings before the Court of Justice of theEuropean Union or an international criminal court established by an international treaty
promulgated by an Act or a binding decision of the United Nations Security Council.
(3) The punishment of the perpetrator of the criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1)and (2) may be reduced without limitation or, in cases deserving special consideration, may
be dispensed with if he notifies the authorities of the criminal offence and reveals thecircumstances of its commission before the authority becomes aware of them.

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Passive bribery in a court or in authority proceedings
Section 296 (1) A public officer who, for not exercising his statutory rights or performing
his obligations in the proceedings of a court, arbitration court or authority, asks for any undue
advantage or accepts such advantage or a promise of it, or agrees with a person asking for or
accepting any undue advantage given or promised to a third party on his account, is guilty of afelony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) A person shall be punished under paragraph (1) if he commits a criminal offence
specified therein in the course of or concerning proceedings of the Court of Justice of theEuropean Union or an international criminal court established by an international treaty
promulgated by an Act or a binding decision of the United Nations Security Council.
(3) The punishment of the perpetrator of the criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1)and (2) may be reduced without limitation or, in cases deserving special consideration, may
be dispensed with if he notifies the authorities of the criminal offence, hands over to theauthorities any undue material advantage received or the consideration therefor, and reveals
the circumstances of its commission before the authority becomes aware of them.
Section 297
Active trading in influence
Section 298 (1) A person who gives or promises any advantagea) to a person claiming to have any influence over a public officer, orb) to another person on account of a person claiming to have any influence over a public
officer
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(1a) A person who gives or promises any undue advantage to a person claiming to be apublic officer or, on account of this person, to any other person shall be punished underparagraph (1).
(2) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) concerning aperson pursuing an activity for or in the interest of an economic operator is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1) and (1a)concerning a foreign public officer shall be punished under paragraph (1).
(4) The punishment of the perpetrator of the criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1) to(2) may be reduced without limitation or, in cases deserving special consideration, may bedispensed with if he notifies the authorities of the criminal offence and reveals thecircumstances of its commission before the authority becomes aware of them.
Passive trading in influence
Section 299 (1) A person who, by claiming that he has any influence over a public officer,
asks for any undue advantage for himself or any other person, or accepts such advantage or apromise of it, or agrees with a person asking for or accepting any undue advantage given or
promised to a third party on his account, is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the perpetratora) claims or pretends to bribe a public officer,b) pretends to be a public officer, orc) commits the criminal offence regularly for generating income

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(3) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) concerning aperson pursuing an activity for or in the interest of an economic operator is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
the criminal offence specified in paragraph (3) is committed concerning a person pursuing anactivity for or in the interest of an economic operator with independent powers to take action.
(5) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1) and (2)concerning a foreign public officer shall be punished under the respective paragraph.
(6) The punishment of the perpetrator of the criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1)and (3) may be reduced without limitation or, in cases deserving special consideration, may
be dispensed with if he notifies the authorities of the criminal offence, hands over to theauthorities any undue material advantage received or the consideration thereof, and reveals
the circumstances of its commission before the authority becomes aware of them.
Failure to report a corruption criminal offence
Section 300 (1) A public officer who, obtaining in his official capacity credible knowledgeof the commission of an undiscovered criminal offence of active bribery, passive bribery,
active bribery regarding a public officer, passive bribery regarding a public officer, active
bribery in a court or in authority proceedings, passive bribery in a court or in authority
proceedings, active trading in influence or passive trading in influence fails to report it to theauthorities as soon as he can is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for
up to three years.
(2) A relative of the perpetrator shall not be liable to punishment for failure to report a
corruption criminal offence.
Interpretative provisions
Section 300/A (1) For the purposes of this Chapter, performance of a duty if madeconditional upon the provision of an advantage shall also constitute a breach of duties.
(2) For the purposes of sections 290 and 291, a foreign economic operator means anorganisation that has legal personality under its personal law and is authorised to pursue
economic activities in the given organisational form.
CHAPTER XXVIIICRIMINAL OFFENCES COMMITTED IN OFFICIAL CAPACITY
Assault while acting as a public officer
Section 301 (1) A public officer who, while acting as a public officer, physically assaults
another person is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five
years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) is committed by a group.
(3) A person who commits preparation for assault while acting as a public officer is guilty
of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(4) The punishment of a person may be reduced without limitation if he reveals thecircumstances of committing the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) before
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Assault while acting as a person performing public duties
Section 302 (1) A person performing public duties who, while performing his public duties,
physically assaults another person is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment
for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) is committed by a group.
(3) A person who commits preparation for assault while acting as a person performing
public duties is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
one year.
(4) The punishment of a person may be reduced without limitation if he reveals thecircumstances of committing the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) before
indictment.
Coercive interrogation
Section 303 (1) A public officer who uses violence, threat or any similar method to haveanother person give or not give a testimony or statement is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) is committed by a group.
(3) A person who commits preparation for coercive interrogation is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(4) The punishment of a person may be reduced without limitation if he reveals thecircumstances of committing the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) before
indictment.
Unlawful detention
Section 304 (1) A public officer who, while acting as a public officer, unlawfully deprives
another person of his personal freedom is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence of
unlawful detention is committeda) for a base reason or purpose,d) by tormenting the aggrieved party, orc) causing a serious consequence.
Abuse of officeSection 305 A public officer who, to cause any undue disadvantage or gain any undue
advantage,a) breaches his official obligations,b) exceeds his official competence, orc) otherwise abuses his official status,
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Abuse of the position of performing public duties
Section 306 A person performing public duties who, to cause any undue disadvantage or
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c) otherwise abuses his position as a person performing public duties
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Unauthorised secret information gathering or unauthorised use of covert means
Section 307 (1) A public officer whoa) engages, without permission, in secret information gathering subject to the permission of
a judge or the minister responsible for justice, uses a concealed means subject to thepermission of a judge or exceeds the limits of any such permission granted,b) orders or permits, without authorisation, any secret information gathering subject to thepermission of a judge or the minister responsible for justice or the use of a concealed means
subject to the permission of a judge
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A public officer shall be punished under paragraph (1) if he makes any false statement
based on which secret information gathering subject to the permission of a judge or theminister responsible for justice or the use of a concealed means subject to the permission of ajudge is ordered or permitted.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraphs (1) to (2) causes significant harm to interests.
Integrity testing without authorisation
Section 308 (1) A public officer whoa) carries out any integrity test without or exceeding the limits of the permission of theprosecution service,b) approves any integrity test without authorisation
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A public officer who states any false fact in his decision on ordering an integrity test
shall be punished under paragraph (1), provided that the ordering of the integrity test isapproved by the authorised entity based on that statement.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraphs (1) to (2) causes significant harm to interests.
Other provision
Section 309 The provisions laid down in this Chapter shall apply accordingly to members ofauthorities of foreign states pursuing any task relating to the administration of justice or law
enforcement proceeding, under an Act, within the territory of Hungary.
CHAPTER XXIX
CRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC OFFICERS
Violence against a public officer
Section 310 (1) A person whoa) prevents a public officer or foreign public officer, by violence or threat, from proceeding
in a lawful manner,b) coerces a public officer or foreign public officer, by violence or threat, to take a measure
in a lawful procedure,c) assaults a public officer or foreign public officer during or because of his procedureis guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.

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(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence ofviolence against a public officer is committed by a group or with a weapon or an instrument
capable of causing death.
(3) An organiser or leader of a group specified in paragraph (2) shall be punished by
imprisonment for five to ten years.
(4) A person who participates in a group seeking to commit violence against a public officer
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years, andthe organisers and leaders of the group are guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to three years.
(5) A person who assaults a public officer or foreign public officer because of his
proceeding shall be punished under paragraphs (1) to (4), even if the assaulted person is not a
public officer or foreign public officer anymore when the criminal offence is committed.
(6) A person who commits preparation for violence against a public officer is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(7) A participant in a group shall not be liable to punishment under paragraph (4) if heleaves the group voluntarily or as instructed by an authority.
Violence against a person performing public duties
Section 311 A person shall be punishable under section 310 if he commits the criminal
offence specified there against a person performing public duties.
Violence against a person assisting a public officer or a person performing publicdutiesSection 312 A person shall be punishable under section 310 if he commits the criminal
offence specified there against a person protecting or assisting a public officer, foreign public
officer or person performing public duties.
Violence against an internationally protected person
Section 313 (1) A person whoa) assaults,b) deprives of his personal freedom, orc) endangers
an internationally protected person staying in Hungary is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) A person who threatens to commit the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) shallbe punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(3) A person who commits preparation for violence against an internationally protected
person is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(4)
CHAPTER XXX
CRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC SAFETY
Terrorist act
Section 314 (1) A person who, for the purpose ofa) coercing a state organ or another state or international organisation to do, not to do or totolerate something,b) intimidating a population,

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c) changing or interfering with the constitutional, social or economic order of another state,or interfering with the functioning of an international organisationcommits a violent criminal offence against a person, a criminal offence causing public
danger or a criminal offence relating to a weapon, as specified in paragraph (4), is guilty of afelony and shall be punished by imprisonment for ten to twenty years or life.
(2) A person shall be punished under paragraph (1) if hea) for a purpose specified in paragraph (1) a), takes control of significant material assets andrequires a state organ or international organisation to comply with a demand as a condition of
returning or leaving such assets intact, orb) organises a terrorist group.
(3) The punishment of a person may be reduced without limitation if hea) ceases a terrorist act specified in paragraph (1) or (2) before it results in any serious
consequence, andb) reveals his activities before the authorities,
provided that by doing so, he contributes to the prevention or mitigation of theconsequences of the criminal offence, the discovery of other perpetrators, or the prevention of
additional criminal offences.
(4) For the purposes of this section, a violent criminal offence against a person, a criminal
offence causing public danger or a criminal offence relating to a weapon means a criminal
offence ofa) homicide [section 160 (1) to (2)], causing bodily harm [section 164 (2) to (6) and (8)],endangering by professional misconduct intentionally [section 165 (3)],b) kidnapping [section 190 (1) to (4)], violation of personal freedom (section 194),c) criminal offence against traffic safety [section 232 (1) to (2)], endangering rail, air orwaterway traffic [section 233 (1) to (2)],d) abuse of radioactive materials [section 250 (1) to (2)],e) violence against a public officer [section 310 (1) to (5)], violence against a person
performing public duties (section 311), violence against a person providing assistance to a
public officer or a person performing public duties (section 312), violence against aninternationally protected person [section 313 (1)],f) unlawful seizure of a vehicle [section 320 (1) to (2)], causing public danger [section 322(1) to (3)], disturbing the operation of public interest enterprises [section 323 (1) to (3)], abuseof explosives or detonating equipment [section 324 (1) to (2)], abuse of firearms or
ammunition [section 325 (1) to (3)],g) abuse of a weapon prohibited by an international treaty [section 326 (1) to (5)], abuse of
military products or services [section 329 (1) to (3)], abuse of dual-use products [section 330(1) to (2)],h) robbery [section 365 (1) to (4)], vandalism [section 371 (1) to (6)],i) violation of information systems or related data breach [section 423 (1) to (4)].
Section 315 (1) A person who invites or offers or undertakes to commit, agrees to commit
jointly or, for the purpose of promoting the commission, provides the conditions necessary foror facilitating the commission of a felony specified in section 314 (1) or (2) is guilty of afelony and shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(2) A person who carries out an act specified in paragraph (1) to commit a felony specified
in section 314 (1) or (2) in a terrorist group shall be punished by imprisonment for five to ten
years.
(3) A person shall not be liable to punishment if he notifies the authorities of a criminal
offence specified in paragraph (1) or (2) and reveals the circumstances of its commission
before the authority becomes aware of them.
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Section 316 A person who threatens to commit a terrorist act is guilty of a felony and shallbe punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
Section 316/A (1) A person who enters, leaves or travels through the territory of Hungary
for the purpose ofa) committing, inviting, offering or undertaking to commit, agreeing to commit jointly or,
for the purpose of furthering the commission, providing the conditions necessary for, or
facilitating, the commission of a felony specified in section 314 (1) or (2), orb) joining a terrorist groupis guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(2) A person who organises or provides or collects material means to support the travel
specified in paragraph (1) shall be punished under the same paragraph.
Failure to report a terrorist act
Section 317 A person who obtains credible knowledge of a terrorist act that is about to becommitted but fails to report them to the authorities as soon as he can is guilty of a felony andshall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Terrorism financing
Section 318 (1) A person whoa) provides or collects material means to provide the conditions that are necessary tocommit a terrorist act,b) supports a person who is about to commit a terrorist act, the perpetrator of a terrorist act,
or any other person on the account of such persons, with material means, orc) provides or collects material means for the purpose of supporting a person specified inpoint b)is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(2) A person who carries out a criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) in the interest of
the commission of a terrorist act by a terrorist group, or of a member of a terrorist group, orotherwise supports the activities of a terrorist group or provides or collects material means toprovide such support to a terrorist group shall be punished by imprisonment for five to ten
years.
Section 318/A (1) A person whoa) provides or collects material means to provide the conditions that are necessary tocommit a criminal offence of a terrorist nature,b) supports a person who is about to commit a criminal offence of a terrorist nature, theperpetrator of a criminal offence of a terrorist nature or any other person on the account ofsuch persons with material means, orc) provides or collects material means for the purpose of supporting a person specified inpoint b)is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1), a criminal offence of a terrorist nature means acriminal offence ofa) homicide [section 160 (1), section 160 (2) if the offence is directed at a person at an
airport serving international civil aviation, on board of an aircraft in flight or a ship at sea oran internationally protected person],b) causing bodily harm (section 164 if the offence is directed at a person at an airport
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d) criminal offence against traffic safety (section 232 if the offence is committed against an
aircraft or a ship at sea).
e) abuse of radioactive materials (section 250),f) destruction (section 257),g) violence against an internationally protected person (section 313),h) unlawful seizure of a vehicle (section 320),i) causing public danger [section 322 (1) to (3)],j) disturbing the operation of public interest enterprises (section 323),k) abuse of explosives or detonating equipment (section 324 if the offence is committed
against a public interest enterprise or in a public building or structure),l) abuse of firearms or ammunition (section 325 if the offence is committed against a public
interest enterprise or in a public building or structure).
Section 318/B
Interpretative provision
Section 319 (1) For the purposes of sections 314 to 315, 316/A, and 318, a terrorist groupmeans a group of three or more persons that is organised for an extensive period, operates in acoordinated manner and is aimed at committing any terrorist act.
(2) For the purposes of sections 316/A, 318 and 318/A, material means shall be construed tomean the assets, legal documents or instruments specified in Article 1(1) of Council
Regulation (EC) No 2580/2001 of 27 December 2001 on specific restrictive measuresdirected against certain persons and entities with a view to combating terrorism.
Unlawful seizure of a vehicle
Section 320 (1) A person who by violence, threat or rendering another person unconscious
or incapable of self-defence, takes control of an aircraft, a public transport vehicle or a vehicle
suitable for the transport of bulk goods is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for five to ten years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for ten to twenty years or life if the criminal
offence causes death.
(3) A person who commits preparation for the unlawful seizure of a vehicle shall bepunished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(4) The punishment of a person may be reduced without limitation if he ceases the criminal
offence before causing any serious consequence.
Participation in a criminal organisation
Section 321 (1) A person who invites, offers or undertakes to commit, agrees to commit
jointly or, for the purpose of promoting the commission, provides the conditions necessary foror facilitating the commission of a criminal offence in a criminal organisation or supports theactivities of a criminal organisation in any other way is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) A person shall not be liable to punishment for participation in a criminal organisation if
he notifies the authorities of the criminal offence and reveals the circumstances of its
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Causing public danger
Section 322 (1) A person who causes public danger by releasing the destructive forces ofany material or energy, or prevents a public danger from being averted or its consequencesfrom being mitigated is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for two toeight years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if the criminal offence iscommitteda) by a group,b) causing damages the extent of which is particularly large or greater, orc) in a criminal conspiracy.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to twenty years or life if the criminal
offence causes death.
(4) A person who commits preparation for causing public danger shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to three years.
(5) A person who causes public danger by negligence is guilty of a misdemeanour and shallbe punished by imprisonment for up to three years; the punishment shall be imprisonment for
one to five years if the criminal offence results in damages the extent of which is particularly
large or greater, or two to eight years if the criminal offence causes death.
(6) The punishment of a person may be reduced without limitation if he averts the public
danger voluntarily before it results in any harm.
Disturbing the operation of public interest enterprises
Section 323 (1) A person who significantly disturbs the operation of a public interest
enterprise is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence iscommitteda) by a group,b) in a criminal conspiracy, orc) causing particularly large damages.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if the criminal offence iscommitteda) with a weapon,b) with an instrument capable of causing death, orc) causing particularly significant damages.
(4) A person who commits preparation for disturbing the operation of public interest
enterprises is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two
years.
(5) A person who commits the criminal offence by negligence is guilty of a misdemeanourand shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years; the punishment shall be
imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence causes damages the extent of whichis particularly large or greater.
Abuse of explosives or detonating equipment
Section 324 (1) A person whoa) makes, acquires, keeps or places on the market any explosives, detonating equipment orappliance serving for using such items without a licence or hands over any such material,
equipment or appliance to a person without authorisation to keep such items,

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b) imports to, exports from or transports through the territory of the country any explosives,detonating equipment or an appliance serving for using such items without or exceeding thelimits of a licence,is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if the criminal offence iscommitted regularly for generating income or in a criminal conspiracy.
(3) A person who commits preparation for the abuse of explosives or detonating equipment
shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Abuse of firearms or ammunition
Section 325 (1) A person whoa) acquires or keeps a firearm without a licence,b) makes or places on the market a firearm without a licence,c) imports to, exports from or transports through the territory of the country a firearmwithout or exceeding the limits of a licence,d) exceeds the limits of his licence to make, acquire, keep or trade in firearms,e) hands over his licensed firearm to a person without a licence,is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(2) A person shall be punished under paragraph (1) if hea) acquires or keeps, without a licence, more than a small quantity of any ammunition forsmall arms, hunting firearms or sporting firearms, or any ammunition for any other firearm,b) makes or places on the market ammunition without a licence,c) imports to, exports from or transports through the territory of the country any ammunition
without or exceeding the limits of a licence,d) exceeds the limits of his licence to prepare, acquire, keep or trade in ammunition,e) hands over more than a small quantity of ammunition for his licensed small arm, hunting
firearm or sporting firearm, or any ammunition for any other firearm, to a person without alicence.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if the criminal offence iscommitted regularly for generating income or in a criminal conspiracy.
(4) A person who imports to, exports from or transports through the territory of the country,
without notification, a licensed small arm, hunting firearm or sporting firearm, or any
ammunition for them, is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for
up to two years.
(5) A person who commits preparation for a criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1) to(3) is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(6) For the purposes of this section, small quantity means up to ten rounds of ammunition.
CHAPTER XXXICRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST ECONOMIC PROVISIONS SERVING PUBLIC
SAFETY PURPOSES BASED ON INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS
Abuse of a weapon prohibited by an international treaty
Section 326 (1) A person whoa) develops or manufactures,b) acquires, keeps, uses or disarms without authorisation,c) hands over to a person not authorised to keep, imports to, exports from or transports
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a weapon prohibited by an international treaty is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for five to fifteen years.
(2) A person shall be punished under paragraph (1) if he, without or in deviation from alicense, constructs or operates a facility suitable for producing a weapon prohibited by aninternational treaty or converts an existing facility to produce such a weapon.
(3) A person shall be punished by imprisonment for five to ten years if hea) provides technical support for the development, manufacturing, assembly, quality
examination, operation, maintenance or repair of a weapon prohibited by an international
treaty,b) deceives a decision-making organ or person to obtain a license required by law for
operating a facility that is suitable for producing a weapon prohibited by an international
treaty.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to fifteen years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (3) is committeda) regularly for generating income,b) in a criminal conspiracy, orc) as a public officer.
(5) The punishment shall be imprisonment for ten to twenty years or life ifa) the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) is committed regularly for generating
income, orb) the criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1) to (2) is committed in a criminal
conspiracy or as a public officer.
(6) A person who commits preparation for the abuse of a weapon prohibited by aninternational treaty shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(7) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) by negligence isguilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
Violation of an international economic restriction
Section 327 (1) A person who violatesa) his obligation concerning the freezing of funds or economic resources, orb) an economic, trade or financial prohibition
established by a regulation adopted under Articles 75 and 215 of the Treaty on the
Functioning of the European Union and promulgated in Hungary under an international law
obligation, by a regulation or decision adopted under authorisation granted by such aregulation, or by a Council decision adopted under Article 29 of the Treaty on European
Union is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the violation of aninternational economic restriction is committeda) concerning trade in goods which could be used for capital punishment, torture or othercruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment,b) by violence, orc) as a public officer.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if the violation of aninternational economic restriction is committeda) concerning trade in firearms, ammunition, explosives, detonating equipment, appliances
serving for using such items or other goods for military use,b) with a weapon, orc) in a criminal conspiracy.

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(4) A person who commits preparation for the criminal offence of violation of aninternational economic restriction shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(5) For the purposes of this section and unless otherwise provided in the law promulgating
the obligation or prohibition under an international law obligation,a) funds means the assets specified in Article 1(l) of Council Regulation (EU) No 267/2012
of 23 March 2012 concerning restrictive measures against Iran and repealing Regulation (EU)No 961/2010 (for the purposes of this paragraph hereinafter: Regulation (EU) No 267/2012),b) freezing of funds has the meaning laid down in Article 1(k) of Regulation (EU) No
267/2012,c) economic resources has the meaning laid down in Article 1(h) of Regulation (EU) No
267/2012,d) freezing of economic resources has the meaning laid down in Article 1(j) of Regulation(EU) No 267/2012,e) goods that could be used for capital punishment, torture or other cruel, inhuman ordegrading treatment or punishment means goods specified in Annex II to Council Regulation(EC) No 1236/2005 of 27 June 2005 concerning trade in certain goods which could be used
for capital punishment, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment(for the purposes of this Chapter hereinafter: Regulation (EC) No 1236/2005).
Failure to report a violation of an international economic restriction
Section 328 (1) A person who obtains credible knowledge of a violation of an international
economic restriction that is about to be committed, or that such a criminal offence has beencommitted without being discovered, and he fails to report it to the authorities as soon as hecan is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) A relative of the perpetrator shall not be liable to punishment for failure to report a
violation of an international economic restriction.
Abuse of military products or services
Section 329 (1) A person whoa) manufactures, places on the market a military product or provides a military service
without or exceeding the limits of an authorisation,b) uses a military product in deviation from the authorisation,c) produces, acquires, uses, keeps, hands over, places on the market, or imports to, exports
from, or transports through, the territory of the country a prohibited military product,
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(2) A person shall be punished under paragraph (1) if hea) provides technical support for the development, manufacturing, trade, maintenance,
repair, detection, identification or proliferation of chemical, biological or nuclear weapons,other nuclear explosives or rockets capable of delivering such weapons,b) provides technical assistance concerning military use other than those specified in pointa), concerning a country to which exporting weapons by Hungary is prohibited under aninternational commitment.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) is committed in a criminal conspiracy or regularly for generating
income.
(4) A person who commits preparation for the abuse of military products or services shall bepunished by imprisonment for one to five years.

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(5) For the purposes of this section:a) authorisation also means an International Import Certificate and any other substitutedocument,b) military product also means goods specified in Annex III to Regulation (EC) No
1236/2005,c) prohibited military product means goods specified in Annex II to Regulation (EC) No
1236/2005.
Abuse of dual-use products
Section 330 (1) A person whoa) places on the market a dual-use product internationally, including its transfer within thecustoms territory of the European Union, without or exceeding the limits of an authorisation,orb) uses a dual-use product in deviation from his authorisation,
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) is committeda) concerning the transfer of a chemical substance falling within the scope of Annex 1 to theConvention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use ofChemical Weapons and on their Destruction, signed in Paris on 13 January 1993 andpromulgated by Act CIV of 1997, to the territory of Hungary or from Hungary to the customs
territory of the European Union, orb) concerning a nuclear dual-use product.
(3) A person who commits preparation for abuse of dual-use products shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to three years.
(4) For the purposes of this section:a) authorisation also means an International Import Certificate and any other substitutedocument,b) dual-use product means a dual-use item as defined in Article 2(1) of Council Regulation(EC) No 428/2009 setting up a Community regime for the control of exports, transfer,brokering and transit of dual-use items,c) the customs territory of the European Union means the territory specified in Article 4 ofRegulation (EU) No 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 October
2013 laying down the Union Customs Code.
CHAPTER XXXIICRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC PEACE
Incitement to war
Section 331 (1) A person who, in front of a large audience, incites to war or otherwise
engages in the promotion of war is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment
for one to five years.
(2) A person who, in front of a large audience, incites support for terrorism or otherwise
engages in the promotion of terrorism shall be punished under paragraph (1), unless a criminal
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Incitement against a community
Section 332 A person who, in front of a large audience, incites to violence or hatred againsta) the Hungarian nation,b) a national, ethnic, racial or religious group or a member of such a group, orc) certain groups of society or a member of such groups, particularly with regard to any
disability, sexual identity or sexual orientation,
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Public denial of the crimes of national socialist and communist regimes
Section 333 (1) A person who, in front of a large audience, denies, questions, belittles orseeks to justify the genocide and other crimes against humanity committed by the nationalsocialist and communist regimes is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment
for up to three years.
Defamation of national symbols
Section 334 A person who verbally insults or humiliates or otherwise dishonours thenational anthem, flag or coat of arms of Hungary or the Holy Crown in front of a large
audience is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one
year, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.
Use of symbols of despotism
Section 335 A person who, in a manner capable of disturbing public peace or, in particular,
violating the human dignity of or the right to respect for the deceased victims of despotic
regimes,a) disseminates,b) uses in front of a large audience, orc) displays in publica swastika, SS insignia, arrow cross, hammer and sickle, five-pointed red star, or any
symbol depicting such signs is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished byconfinement, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.
Incitement against a provision of an authority
Section 336 A person who incites general disobedience against a provision of an authority
in front of a large audience and in a manner capable of disturbing public peace is guilty of afelony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Fearmongering
Section 337 A person who, in front of a large audience and on a site of public danger, states
or disseminates any untrue fact or any misrepresented true fact that is capable of causing
disturbance or unrest in a larger group of persons at the site of public danger is guilty of afelony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Threatening with public danger
Section 338 (1) A person who states or disseminates any untrue fact, which is capable ofdisturbing public peace, or pretends that an event resulting in public danger is about tohappen, is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.

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(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence of
threatening with public danger resulted in any serious disturbance of public peace.
Nuisance
Section 339 (1) A person who displays a conspicuously anti-social and violent conduct thatis capable of causing outrage or alarm in others is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to two years, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity isestablished.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
nuisance is committeda) by a group,b) by seriously disturbing public peace,c) with a weapon,d) with an instrument capable of causing death, ore) at a public event or assembly.
Disorderly conduct
Section 340 (1) A person who resists, by violence or threat, a lawful measure taken by anorganiser or staff member of a public event or assembly to maintain order is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years, unless a criminal
offence of greater gravity is established.
(2) At a sports event, a person who, without authorisation, enters or stays in an area of the
facility that is not open to spectators or a specified group of spectators, or who throws any
item that endangers the sports event or the physical integrity of another person into such area
shall be punished under paragraph (1), unless a criminal offence of greater gravity isestablished.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
disorderly conduct is committeda) by a group,b) with a weapon,c) with an instrument capable of causing death, ord) by a special recidivist,e) in violation of a restriction ensuring the peaceful nature of an assembly pursuant to the
Act on the right of assembly.
(4) For the purposes of special recidivism, the following criminal offences shall beconsidered similar:a) causing bodily harm [section 164 (3) to (6) and (8)],b) violence against a public officer [section 310 (1) to (5)], violence against a person
performing public duties (section 311), violence against a person assisting a public officer or aperson performing public duties (section 312),c) nuisance (section 339),d) vandalism [section 371 (1) to (6)].
Ban on entering certain areas
Section 341 The perpetrator of a criminal offence of nuisance or disorderly conduct may
also be subject to a ban on entering certain areas.

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CHAPTER XXXIII
CRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC CONFIDENCE
Public deed forgery
Section 342 (1) A person whoa) makes a false public deed or falsifies the content of a public deed,b) uses a false or falsified public deed or an authentic public deed issued with the name ofanother person,c) participates in the recording of any untrue data, fact or statement in a public deed
pertaining to the existence, modification or termination of a right or obligation,
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A person who commits preparation for the criminal offence of public deed forgery as
specified in paragraph (1) a) or b) is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to one year.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence of public deed forgery as specified inparagraph (1) c) by negligence is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished byconfinement.
Section 343 (1) A public officer who, by abusing his official competence,a) makes a false public deed,b) falsifies the content of a public deed, orc) falsely records a material fact in a public deedis guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The provisions laid down in this section shall apply accordingly to members ofauthorities of foreign states pursuing any task relating to the administration of justice or law
enforcement proceeding, under an Act, within the territory of Hungary.
Security document forgery
Section 344 (1) A person whoa) makes a false security document authorising access, as defined in a separate law,b) falsifies the content of a security document authorising access, as defined in a separatelaw,c) uses a false or falsified security document authorising access as defined in a separate law
or an authentic document of that kind issued with the name of another person,
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years,
unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.
Using false private deed
Section 345 A person who uses a false or falsified private deed, or a private deed with
untrue content, as evidence for the existence, modification, or termination of a right or
obligation is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one
year.
Abuse of a deed
Section 346 (1) A person who unlawfullya) acquires one or more public deeds that are not his, or not only his, from another person
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c) takes away or conceals one or more public deeds that are not his, or not only his, fromanother person
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) A person who hands over or receives a public deed for illicit gain shall be punishedunder paragraph (1), unless another criminal offence is established.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) regarding a
private deed to gain or cause any undue advantage or disadvantage shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to one year.
Abuse of unique identification markSection 347 (1) A person whoa) removes or falsifies a unique identification mark,b) acquires, uses or disposes of a thing, the unique identification mark of which is false,
falsified or has been removed,is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) is committed regularly for generating income or in a criminal
conspiracy.
(3) For the purposes of this section, a unique identification mark means a mark affixed onto
a thing, for the possession or designated use of which an authority permit is required by law,or its component by the manufacturer or an authority for unique identification.
Tampering with the odometer of a motor vehicle
Section 348 A person who for illicit gain, falsifies the value displayed by the odometer of apublic-road motor vehicle by tampering with the odometer or interfering with the measuring
process, or prevents the odometer from functioning, is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to one year, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity isestablished.
Illegal acquisition of agricultural or forestry land
Section 349 (1) A person who enters into a contract that is null and void for the purpose ofa) acquiring the ownership of agricultural or forestry landb) establishing any usufructuary right or right of use concerning agricultural or forestry landby circumventing any applicable statutory prohibition or restriction is guilty of a felony andshall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) A person who uses or collects the benefits of agricultural or forestry land under anagreement concluded to conceal a contract that is null and void and was entered into by him
by circumventing any applicable statutory prohibition or restriction fora) acquiring the ownership of agricultural or forestry landb) establishing any usufructuary right or right of use concerning agricultural or forestry landis guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years, unless acriminal offence of greater gravity is established.
(3) An attorney-at-law, a registered in-house legal counsel, or a notary shall be punishedunder paragraph (1) if he participates in the conclusion of a contract as specified in paragraph(1).
(4) The punishment of the perpetrator of the criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1)and (2) may be reduced without limitation if he notifies the authorities of the criminal offence
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Illegal manipulation of sports results
Section 349/A (1) A person who enters into an agreement preventing the results of acompetition or match organised within the competition system or listed on the competitionschedule of a sports association from being decided in line with the competition regulations
and the principles of fair play is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for
up to three years, unless another criminal offence is established.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence iscommitted in a criminal conspiracy or regularly for generating income.
CHAPTER XXXIVCRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST THE ORDER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Criminal offence against the order of election, referendum and European citizens'
initiative
Section 350 (1) A person who, in the course of an election, referendum or European
citizens’ initiative falling within the scope of the Act on electoral procedure or the Act on
initiating referendums, the European citizens’ initiative and the referendum procedurea) acquires any recommendation in violation of the rules of nomination procedures byviolence, threat, deception or for financial benefits,b) acquires any signature by violence, threat, deception or for financial benefits, to initiate areferendum or a European citizens’ initiative,c) votes without eligibility,d) gives his signature without eligibility or provides false data,e) prevents an eligible person from voting or giving his signature in an election, referendum,referendum initiative or European citizens’ initiative, or seeks to influence such a person by
violence, threat, deception or with financial benefits,f) violates the secrecy of an election or referendum,g) falsifies the results of an election, referendum, referendum initiative or European
citizens’ initiative,h) accepts any financial benefit for his recommendation in a nomination procedure or his
signature for a referendum initiative or a motion for a European citizens’ initiative,i) makes his vote dependent on the receipt of any financial benefit, and, in this regard,
accepts any financial benefit
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2)
Abuse of the right of association
Section 351 (1) A person who participates in the management of an association disbanded
by a court is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years,
unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.
(2) A person who participates, in a manner capable of disturbing public peace, in theoperation of an association disbanded by a court, is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(3) A person who provides material means for, or the conditions necessary for or
facilitating, the management or operation of an association, disbanded by a court shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to one year.

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Illegally organising public safety activities
Section 352 A person whoa) organises, without authorisation by law, any activity aimed at maintaining public safetyor public order, orb) organises any activity giving the appearance of maintaining public safety or public orderis guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
Illegal crossing of the border fence
Section 352/A (1) A person who, without authorisation, enters the territory of Hungary
protected by a facility safeguarding the order of the state border through that facility is guilty
of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) is committeda) with a weaponb) with an instrument capable of causing death,c) by a participant of a mass disturbance.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) as a participant ofa mass disturbance with a weapon or an instrument capable of causing death shall be punishedby imprisonment for two to eight years.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (2) or (3) causes death.
Vandalisation of the border fence
Section 352/B (1) A person who destroys or damages a facility or instrument safeguarding
the order of the state border is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for
one to five years, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) is committeda) with a weapon,b) with an instrument capable of causing death,c) by a participant in a mass disturbance.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) as a participant ofa mass disturbance with a weapon or an instrument capable of causing death shall be punishedby imprisonment for five to ten years.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for ten to twenty years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (2) or (3) causes death.
Obstructing construction works related to the border fence
Section 352/C A person who obstructs any work relating to the construction or maintenanceof a facility safeguarding the order of the state border commits a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to one year, unless another criminal offence is established.
People smuggling
Section 353 (1) A person who assists another person to cross the state border in violation of
the law is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if people smuggling iscommitteda) for financial gain,
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b) by assisting more than one person in crossing the state border, orc) by destroying or damaging a facility or instrument safeguarding the order of the stateborder.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if people smuggling iscommitteda) by tormenting the smuggled person,b) with a weapon,c) with an instrument capable of causing death,d) regularly for generating income, ore) in a criminal conspiracy.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to fifteen years ifa) the people smuggling as defined in paragraph (3) a) is committed in a manner specified
in points b) to e),b) the people smuggling as defined in paragraph (3) b) is committed in a manner specified
in points a) or c) to e).
(5) A person organising or leading the commission of a criminal offence specified inparagraph (3) or (4) shall be punished by imprisonment for ten to twenty years.
(6) A person who commits preparation for people smuggling shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to three years.
Facilitating and assisting illegal immigration
Section 353/A (1) A person who engages in any organising activity aimed ata) enabling a person to initiate an asylum procedure in Hungary even though he is not
exposed to persecution in his home country, the country of his habitual residence or thecountry he transited through because of his race, nationality, membership in a particular socialgroup, religion or political beliefs, or his fear of direct persecution is groundless, orb) having a person obtain any title to residence even though he entered or resides in
Hungary illegally,is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by confinement, unless a criminal
offence of greater gravity is established.
(2) A person who provides material means for the commission of the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) or regularly engages in such organising activity shall be punishedby imprisonment for up to one year.
(3) A person shall be punished under paragraph (2) if he commits the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1)a) for financial gain,b) by assisting more than one person, orc) within 8 km from the external border of Hungary or a border sign, as defined in Article
2(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March
2016 on a Union Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders(hereinafter “Schengen Borders Code”).
(4) The punishment of the perpetrator of the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) may
be reduced without limitation or, in cases deserving special consideration, may be dispensed
with if he reveals the circumstances of its commission before his indictment.
(5) For the purposes of this section, organising activity means, in particular,a) the organisation of border monitoring at the external border of Hungary or a border sign,
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b) the making or dissemination of information materials, or engaging others to do so, for a
purpose specified in paragraph (1),c) the establishment or operation of a network
for a purpose specified in paragraph (1).
Facilitating illegal residence
Section 354 (1) A person who, for financial gain, assists a person in residing illegally in the
territory ofa) a Member State of the European Union,b) another state which is a party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area, orc) a state of nationality of a person having the same status as a national of a state which is aparty to the Agreement on the European Economic Areaeven though that person is not a national of any of the above states is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years, unless a criminal
offence of greater gravity is established.
(2) A person who, for financial gain, assists a foreign person to reside in Hungary illegallyshall be punished under paragraph (1), unless a criminal offence of greater gravity isestablished.
Family relationship fraud
Section 355 A person who has attained the age of eighteen years who, for financial gain,
enters into any family relationship or consents to a declaration of paternity with full effect forthe sole purpose of having a document confirming any title to residence issued is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years, unless a criminal
offence of greater gravity is established.
Illegal employment of a third-country national
Section 356 (1) A person who employsa) a third-country national who does not hold a permission to carry out gainful activities
regularly or permanently, orb) a significant number of third-country nationals who do not hold a permission to carry out
paid employment simultaneously
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) A person is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three
years if hea) employs, under particularly exploitative working conditions, a third-country national who
does not hold a permission to carry out gainful activities,b) employs a third-country national who does not hold a permission to carry out gainful
activities and who was the victim of trafficking in human beings.
(3) For the purposes of this section:a) particularly exploitative working conditions has the meaning defined in the Act on theentry and residence of third-country nationals,b) significant number means at least five persons.
Damaging monuments or other protected cultural goods
Section 357 (1) A person who damages a monument or an item owned by him qualifying asprotected cultural goods or an archaeological site located on a real estate owned by him is
guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.

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(2) A person whoa) destroys a monument or an item owned by him qualifying as protected cultural goods,b) causes any irreparable damage to a monument owned by him, as a result of which themonument ceases to be a monument, orc) causes any irreparable damage to an item owned by him qualifying as protected cultural
goods or an archaeological site that he owns
shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
Abuse of protected cultural goods
Section 358 (1) A person whoa) alienates an item of a protected collection or a piece of a protected set of items without
the prior consent required by law,b) fails to perform his statutory obligation to give notice of any change to the ownership ofan item, collection or set qualifying as protected cultural goods,c) transports an item, collection or set qualifying as protected cultural goods to anothercountry without permission, or exceeds the limits of his export licenceis guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A person who transports an item, collection or set qualifying as cultural goods, theexport of which is subject to a licence, to another country without permission, or who exceeds
the limits of his export licence shall be punished under paragraph (1).
Violation of obligations related to keeping dangerous animals or dangerous dogs
Section 359 (1) A person whoa) keeps, breeds, alienates or imports to the territory of the country a dangerous animal
without permission,b) violates any safety-related statutory provision regarding the keeping of a dangerous
animalis guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) A person shall be punished under paragraph (1) if hea) concerning a dangerous dog,aa) breeds, imports to or exports from the territory of the country, enters it into acompetition or keeps it without permissionab) alienates or acquires it in violation of the law, orb) concerning a dangerous dog,ba) violates his statutory obligation regarding its sterilisation, orbb) violates a safety-related statutory provision regarding its keeping.
(3) A person who keeps or trains a dangerous dog for guarding tasks, or has a dangerous
dog perform such a task, is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
three years.
(4) For the purposes of this section, a dangerous dog means a dog specifically declared to be
dangerous in an authority decision.
Organising illegal gambling
Section 360 A person whoa) regularly organises illegal gambling,b) makes available any premises or equipment to organise illegal gambling regularly, orc) invites others in front of a large audience, to participate in illegal gamblingis guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.

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Violation of epidemic control regulations
Section 361 A person whoa) violates the rules of epidemic-related isolation, observation, quarantine or inspection
ordered to prevent the start or spread of an infectious disease serving as ground for aquarantine obligation,b) violates the rules of epidemic-related isolation, observation, quarantine or inspection
ordered during the period of an epidemic,c) violates the rules of a phytosanitary- or epizootic-related measure ordered to eliminate all
occurrences or prevent the importation, exportation or spread of an infectious animal diseaseor a plant quarantine pest
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by confinement.
Violation of obligations related to genetically modified plant varieties
Section 362 A person whoa) illegally imports to, stores, transports, or places on the market in the territory of thecountry, or releases to the environment, the reproductive material of a genetically modified
plant variety not licensed in the European Union,b) illegally releases to the environment the reproductive material of a genetically modified
plant variety, the licence of which does not cover use for cultivation purposes in the European
Union,
c) violates an import, production, storage, transport, marketing or usage-related prohibition
introduced as a safety measure for the period of a safeguard clause procedure, concerning the
reproductive material of a genetically modified plant variety, the license of which covers use
for cultivation purposes in the European Union,
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
Violation of obligations related to State Audit Office inspections
Section 363 (1) A person who violates his obligation to cooperate, as defined in the Act on
the State Audit Office, during an audit carried out by the State Audit Office and, by doing so,
obstructs the audit process is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) A leader of an audited organisation shall be punished under paragraph (1) if he fails tosend an action plan to the State Audit Office even after receipt of a written request.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
the criminal offence of paragraph (1) frustrates the audit process.
Ban on entering certain areas
Section 364 The perpetrator of the criminal offence of people smuggling, illegal crossing of
the border fence, vandalisation of the border fence, obstructing construction works related tothe border fence, facilitating illegal residence, facilitating and assisting illegal immigration,and organising illegal gambling may also be subject to a ban on entering certain areas.

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CHAPTER XXXVVIOLENT CRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY
Robbery
Section 365 (1) A person who, to illegally appropriate it, takes a thing not owned by him
away from another person bya) using violence or direct threat to life or physical integrity against a person, orb) rendering that person unconscious or incapable of self-defence
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(2) The use of violence or direct threat to life or physical integrity by a thief, who is caught
in the act, for the purpose of keeping a thing shall also constitute robbery.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if robbery is committeda) with a weapon,b) with an instrument capable of causing death,c) by a group,d) in a criminal conspiracy,e) for a significant value,f) against a public officer, foreign public officer or a person performing public duties in thecourse of his official procedures or performing his duties,g) against a person with limited ability to recognise or avert the criminal offence due to his
old age or disability.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to fifteen years if robbery is committeda) for a value the extent of which is particularly large or greater,b) for a significant value in a manner specified in paragraph (3) a) to d),c) in a manner specified in paragraph (3) a) to d), against a public officer, foreign public
officer or a person performing public duties in the course of his official procedures or
performing his duties.
(5) A person who commits preparation for robbery is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to two years.
Robbery of a vulnerable person
Section 366 (1) A person who, for the purpose of illegally appropriating it, takes a thing not
owned by him away from another persona) by inebriating or intoxicating that person for this purpose,b) who is under the influence of any violence or direct threat to life or physical integrity
used by the perpetrator in the course of committing another criminal offence, orc) who is incapable of self-defence or has limited ability to recognise or avert the criminal
offence due to his old age or disability
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the robbery of avulnerable person is committeda) for a significant value,b) by a group,c) in a criminal conspiracy.

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(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if the robbery of a vulnerable
person is committeda) for a value the extent of which is particularly large or greater,b) for a significant value by a group or in a criminal conspiracy.
Extortion
Section 367 A person who, for illicit gain, coerces another person by violence or threat todo, not to do or to tolerate something, and thereby causes any pecuniary loss, is guilty of afelony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if extortion is committeda) in a criminal conspiracy,b) using a direct threat to life or physical integrity or any other threat of similar gravity,c) by a public officer using that capacity,d) by pretending to act under an official mandate or in an official capacity.
Self-administered justiceSection 368 A person who, for the purpose of enforcing a property claim that is lawful orpresumed to be lawful, coerces another person by violence or threat to do, not to do or totolerate something is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five
years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence ofself-administered justice is committeda) with a weapon,b) with an instrument capable of causing death,c) by a group,d) against a person who is incapable of self-defence.
(3) The criminal offence of self-administered justice is not committed if the use of violenceor threat is a permitted means of enforcing the claim.
Interpretative provisions
Section 369 For the purposes of this Chapter and concerning special recidivism, violent
criminal offences against property and criminal offences against property shall be consideredsimilar criminal offences.
CHAPTER XXXVICRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY
TheftSection 370 (1) A person who, for the purpose of illegally appropriating it, takes a thing not
owned by him away from another person is guilty of theft.
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bc) by using force against a thing, including cases where a device used to prevent theappropriation of a thing is removed or otherwise rendered incapable of preventing suchappropriation without causing any damage,bd) by pickpocketing,be) by also taking one or more public deeds, private deeds or non-cash payment instruments
at the same time,bf) by entering premises or a fenced area of them by way of deception or without theknowledge or consent of an authorised person or user,bg) using a fake or stolen key,bh) against a person using the home or similar premises together with the perpetrator, orbi) by cutting down any tree in a forest illegally.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony ifa) theft is committed for a larger value,b) theft for a smaller value is committedba) in a manner specified in paragraph (2) ba) to be),bb) concerning an item or archaeological find qualifying as protected cultural goods,bc) concerning an object of religious worship,bd) concerning an item located on a corpse or an item used to commemorate a deceased
person in a cemetery or a burial memorial place,be) concerning a precious metal, orc) theft is committed for a value up to the infraction threshold at a site of public danger.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years ifa) theft is committed for a significant value, orb) theft is committed for a larger value in a manner specified in paragraph (2) ba) to be) orat a site of public danger.
(5) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years ifa) theft is committed for a particularly large value, orb) theft is committed for a significant value in a manner specified in paragraph (2) ba) to be)
or at a site of public danger.
(6) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years ifa) theft is committed for a particularly significant value, orb) theft is committed for a particularly large value in a manner specified in paragraph (2)ba) to be) or at a site of public danger.
Vandalism
Section 371 (1) A person who causes damage by destroying or damaging an asset he does
not own is guilty of vandalism.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to one year for committing amisdemeanour ifa) vandalism causes smaller damage, orb) vandalism causing any damage not exceeding the infraction threshold is committedba) by making graffiti, orbb) in a criminal conspiracy.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony ifa) vandalism causes larger damage,b) the perpetrator damagesba) an item, qualifying as protected cultural goods, a monument, an archaeological site, or
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bb) an object of religious worship or a church or another place of religious worship,bc) a burial site, a burial memorial place or an item used to commemorate a deceased person
in a cemetery or a burial memorial place.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years ifa) vandalism causes significant damage,b) the perpetrator destroys an object, building or site specified in paragraph (3) ba) to bc),c) vandalism is committed using explosives or detonating equipment.
(5) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if vandalism causes
particularly large damage.
(6) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if vandalism causes
particularly significant damage.
(7) For the purposes of this section, graffiti means a covering layer, which is not necessary
for the designated use of the asset concerned, produced by spray-paint, felt-tip pen or any
other surface-treating material and depicting an image, graphic or text.
Embezzlement
Section 372 (1) A person who illegally appropriates a thing not owned by but entrusted tohim, or disposes of it as his own is guilty of embezzlement.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to two years for committing amisdemeanour ifa) embezzlement is committed for a smaller value, orb) embezzlement is committed for a value up to the infraction thresholdba) in a criminal conspiracy,bb) at a site of public danger,bc) regularly for generating income.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony ifa) embezzlement is committed for a larger value,b) embezzlement is committed for a smaller value in a manner specified in paragraph (2)ba) to bc), orc) embezzlement is committed concerning an item or archaeological find qualifying asprotected cultural goods.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years ifa) embezzlement is committed for a significant value,b) embezzlement is committed for a larger value in a manner specified in paragraph (2) ba)
to bc), orc) embezzlement is committed against a person with limited ability to recognize or avert thecriminal offence due to his old age or disability.
(5) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years ifa) embezzlement is committed for a particularly large value, orb) embezzlement is committed for a significant value in a manner specified in paragraph (2)ba) to bc).
(6) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years ifa) embezzlement is committed for a particularly significant value, orb) embezzlement is committed for a particularly large value in a manner specified inparagraph (2) ba) to bc).

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Fraud
Section 373 (1) A person who, for illicit gain, causes another person to err or maintains his
error and causes damage by doing so is guilty of fraud.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to two years for committing amisdemeanour ifa) fraud causes smaller damage, orb) fraud causing any damage not exceeding the infraction threshold is committedba) in a criminal conspiracy,bb) at a site of public danger,bc) regularly for generating income,bd) by pretending to collect donations for charity.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony ifa) fraud causes larger damage, orb) fraud causing smaller damage is committed in a manner specified in paragraph (2) ba) tobc).
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years ifa) fraud causes significant damage,b) fraud causing larger damage is committed in a manner specified in paragraph (2) ba) tobc), orc) fraud is committed against a person with limited ability to recognise or avert the criminal
offence due to his old age or disability.
(5) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years ifa) fraud causes particularly large damage, orb) fraud causing significant damage is committed in a manner specified in paragraph (2) ba)
to bc).
(6) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years ifa) fraud causes particularly significant damage, orb) fraud causing particularly large damage is committed in a manner specified in paragraph(2) ba) to bc).
(7) For the purposes of this section, any unpaid consideration for a service used shall also be
considered as damage.
Economic fraud
Section 374 (1) A person who for financial gain, pretends to engage in any economic
activity and causes pecuniary loss by doing so is guilty of economic fraud.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to two years for committing amisdemeanour if the economic fraud results in a smaller pecuniary loss.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony ifa) economic fraud causes larger pecuniary loss, orb) economic fraud causing smaller pecuniary loss is committedba) in a criminal conspiracy,bb) regularly for generating income.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years ifa) economic fraud causes significant pecuniary loss, orb) economic fraud causing larger pecuniary loss is committed in a manner specified inparagraph (3) ba) or bb).

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(5) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years ifa) economic fraud causes particularly large pecuniary loss, orb) economic fraud causing significant pecuniary loss is committed in a manner specified inparagraph (3) ba) or bb).
(6) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years ifa) economic fraud causes particularly significant pecuniary loss, orb) economic fraud causing particularly large pecuniary loss is committed in a manner
specified in paragraph (3) ba) or bb).
Information system fraud
Section 375 (1) A person who, for illicit gain, introduces data into or alters, deletes orrenders inaccessible any data processed in an information system, or interferes with thefunctioning of an information system by executing any other operation and causes damage by
doing so is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years ifa) information system fraud causes significant damage, orb) information system fraud is committed in a criminal conspiracy or regularly for
generating income and causes larger damage.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years ifa) information system fraud causes particularly large damage, orb) information system fraud is committed in a criminal conspiracy or regularly for
generating income and causes significant damage.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years ifa) information system fraud causes particularly significant damage, orb) information system fraud is committed in a criminal conspiracy or regularly for
generating income and causes particularly large damage.
(5) A person who causes damage by using or accepting as payment any false, falsified orillegally acquired electronic non-cash payment instrument shall be punished under paragraphs(1) to (4).
(6) For the purposes of paragraph (5), an electronic non-cash payment instrument issued inanother country shall have the same protection as an electronic non-cash payment instrument
issued in Hungary.
Misappropriation
Section 376 (1) A person who is entrusted to manage assets not owned by him and causes
pecuniary loss by violating any of his corresponding obligations is guilty of misappropriation.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to two years for committing amisdemeanour ifa) misappropriation causes smaller pecuniary loss, orb) misappropriation causing any pecuniary loss not exceeding the infraction threshold iscommitted by a guardian or custodian in that capacity.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony ifa) misappropriation results in a larger pecuniary loss, orb) misappropriation resulting in a smaller pecuniary loss is committed by a guardian orcustodian in that capacity.
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b) misappropriation causing larger pecuniary loss is committed by a guardian or custodianin that capacity.
(5) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years ifa) misappropriation causes particularly large pecuniary loss, orb) misappropriation causing significant pecuniary loss is committed by a guardian orcustodian in that capacity.
(6) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years ifa) misappropriation causes particularly significant pecuniary loss, orb) misappropriation causing particularly large pecuniary loss is committed by a guardian orcustodian in that capacity.
Mismanagement
Section 377 (1) A person who is mandated with the statutory management or supervision ofassets not owned by him and, by violating or neglecting his corresponding obligations, causes
pecuniary loss by negligence is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years if mismanagement causes
pecuniary loss, the extent of which is particularly large or greater.
Unlawful appropriation
Section 378 (1) A person whoa) appropriates a thing found but not owned by him, or fails to hand over or return such athing to an authority or the person who lost it within eight days, orb) fails to return within eight days or appropriates a thing that came into his possession by
accident or error, but is not owned by him,
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to two years if unlawful appropriation iscommitted concerning an item or archaeological find qualifying as protected cultural goods.
Handling stolen goods
Section 379 (1) A person who, for financial gain, acquires, hides or participates in thealienation ofa) non-community goods removed from customs control and originating from budget fraud,b) products removed from excise taxation, orc) a thing originating from theft, embezzlement, fraud, misappropriation, robbery, robberyof a vulnerable person, extortion, unlawful appropriation or handling stolen goods
is guilty of the criminal offence of handling stolen goods.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to two years for committing amisdemeanour if the criminal offence of handling stolen goods is committeda) for a smaller value, orb) regularly for generating income for a value up to the infraction threshold.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
the criminal offence of handling stolen goods is committeda) for a larger value,b) concerning an item qualifying as protected cultural goods or a monument, archaeologicalsite or archaeological find,c) concerning a precious metal of smaller value, ord) regularly for generating income for a smaller value.

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(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence ofhandling stolen goods is committeda) for a significant value, orb) regularly for generating income for a larger value.
(5) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence ofhandling stolen goods is committeda) for a particularly large value, orb) regularly for generating income for a significant value.
(6) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years if the criminal offence ofhandling stolen goods is committeda) for a particularly significant value, orb) regularly for generating income for a particularly large value.
Unlawful taking of a vehicle
Section 380 (1) A person who takes away a motor-driven vehicle not owned by him fromanother person for the purpose of using it unlawfully, or unlawfully uses such a vehicle takenthat way or entrusted to him is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for
up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence iscommitteda) by violence or direct threat to life or physical integrity,b) in a criminal conspiracy.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (2) a) is committed with a weapon, with an instrument capable ofcausing death or in a criminal conspiracy.
Usury
Section 381 (1) A person who, by exploiting the vulnerable situation of another person,
enters into an agreement stipulating a particularly disproportionate consideration so that theperformance of that agreement could cause the obligor of the agreement, a relative of theobligor of the agreement living in the same household or a person maintained by the obligorof the agreement under a maintenance obligation to face any serious or additional serious
deprivation is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if usury is committed in acriminal conspiracy or regularly for generating income.
(3) The perpetrator of usury may also be subject to a ban on entering certain areas.
(4) The punishment of a person may be reduced without limitation if he notifies theauthorities of the criminal offence of usury and reveals the circumstances of the commission
before the authority becomes aware thereof.
Private motion
Section 382 The perpetrator of the criminal offence of theft, vandalism, embezzlement,
fraud, information system fraud, misappropriation, unlawful appropriation, handling stolen
goods or unlawful taking of a vehicle may only be punishable upon a private motion if theaggrieved party is a relative of the perpetrator. This provision shall not be applied if theperpetrator is also the guardian or custodian of the aggrieved party.

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Interpretative provisions
Section 383 For the purposes of this Chapter:a) a thing also means electricity or any other commercially exploitable form of energy, as
well as any document embodying a pecuniary right that confers the right of disposal over thecertified pecuniary value or right in and of itself or, with regard to dematerialized securities,
to the beneficiary of the securities account,b) an object of religious worship also means an item used to perform religious rituals,c) precious metal also means the alloys of precious metals and other materials, trading inwhich is subject to licensing,d) for the purposes of special recidivism, the following criminal offences shall beconsidered as similar:da) violent criminal offences against property,db) criminal offences against property,dc) criminal offences against intellectual property.
CHAPTER XXXVIICRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST INTELLECTUAL PROPERTYIntellectual property infringement
Section 384 (1) A person whoa) designates the intellectual creation of another person as his own and causes pecuniary
loss to the rights holder by doing so,b) by abusing his position, title or membership in an economic operator, makes theutilisation of an intellectual creation of another person or the enforcement of any right to sucha creation dependent on being provided with a share of the corresponding fee, benefit or profit
realised, or being designated as a rights holder,is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) For the purposes of this section, intellectual creation means:a) a work of literature, science or art under copyright protection,b) a patentable invention,c) a protectable plant variety,d) a protectable utility model,e) a protectable design,f) the protectable topography of a microelectronic semiconductor product.
Violation of copyright or related rights
Section 385 (1) A person who causes pecuniary loss by violating the copyright or a related
right, existing under the Act on copyright, of one or more other persons is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) A person shall be punished under paragraph (1) if he fails to pay the blank media fee or
reprography fee payable to authors and the holders of related rights as consideration for
private copying under the Act on copyright.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
committing violation of copyright or related rights causes larger pecuniary loss.
(4) The punishment for committing violation of copyright or related rights shall be
imprisonment fora) one to five years if committing it causes significant pecuniary loss,b) two to eight years if committing it causes particularly large pecuniary loss,
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c) five to ten years if committing it causes particularly significant pecuniary loss
for committing a felony.
(5) A person who violates the copyright or a related right, existing under the Act on
copyright, of one or more other persons by reproducing or making a work available on
demand does not commit the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1), provided that his
Act does not serve, even indirectly, the purpose of earning an income.
Circumventing technical measures protecting intellectual property
Section 386 (1) A person who, for gain, circumvents an effective technological measurespecified in the Act on copyright, is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) A person shall be punished under paragraph (1) if he, for the purpose of circumventing
an effective technological measure specified in the Act on copyright,a) makes, produces, hands over, makes accessible, or places on the market, any tool,
product, computer program, equipment or device that is necessary for that purpose,b) makes available for another person any economic, technical or organisational knowledge
that is necessary for or facilitates the achievement of that purpose.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
circumvention of a technical measure is committed regularly for generating income.
(4) A person shall not be liable to punishment for making or producing a tool, product,equipment or device that is necessary for circumventing an effective technological measurespecified in the Act on copyright, provided that he informs the authorities of his actions
before the authorities become aware of them, hands over the produced thing to the authorities,
and enables the identification of other persons involved in the making or production of thething.
Falsifying rights management information
Section 387 A person who, for gain,a) makes false rights management information,b) removes or alters any rights management information, as specified in the Act on
copyright,
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
Violation of industrial property rights
Section 388 (1) A person who violates a right of industrial property protection of the rights
holder provided for under an Act, an international treaty promulgated by an Act or a legal actof the European Uniona) by imitating or adopting the subject of protection,b) by placing on the market any goods produced by imitating or adopting the subject ofprotection, or by acquiring or keeping such goods for the purpose of placing them on themarketand causes pecuniary loss by doing so is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years for committing a felony if
the violation of industrial property rights is committed regularly for generating income.
(3) The punishment for violation of industrial property rights shall be imprisonment fora) one to five years if committing it causes significant pecuniary loss,b) two to eight years if committing it causes particularly large pecuniary loss,

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c) five to ten years if committing it causes a particularly significant pecuniary loss.
(4) For the purposes of this section:a) industrial property protection means:aa) patent protection,ab) protection of plant variety rights,ac) a supplementary protection certificate,ad) trademark protection,ae) protection of geographical indications,af) design protection,ag)ah)b) goods means any marketable movable thing or service that can be taken into possession.
Private motion
Section 388/A In the cases specified in Article 1(1) of Regulation (EU) No 608/2013 of theEuropean Parliament and of the Council of 12 June 2013 concerning customs enforcement ofintellectual property rights and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1383/2003, thecriminal offences specified in sections 385 and 388 may only be punishable upon a privatemotion, unless another criminal offence that is punishable without a private motion iscommitted in connection with it.
Interpretative provision
Section 388/B For the purposes of this Chapter and concerning special recidivism, criminal
offences against property shall be considered similar criminal offences.
CHAPTER XXXVIIICRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST THE SAFETY OF MONEY AND STAMPCIRCULATION
Money counterfeiting
Section 389 (1) A person whoa) imitates or counterfeits money for the purpose of releasing into circulation,b) acquires or imports to, exports from or transports through the territory of the country
counterfeit or counterfeited money for the purpose of releasing into circulation,c) releases counterfeit or counterfeited money into circulation,
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for two to eight years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to fifteen years if money counterfeiting
is committeda) for money, the value of which is particularly large or greater, orb) in a criminal conspiracy.
(3) A person who commits preparation for money counterfeiting shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to three years.
(4) The punishment of a person may be reduced without limitation if he releases into
circulation counterfeit or counterfeited money the value of which is smaller or less that helawfully received as authentic money.
(5) For the purposes of this section:a) money means banknotes and coins that are or are to become legal tender at a specified
future date pursuant to a law, a legal act of the European Union or an official communication

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released by an institution authorised to issue money, as well as banknotes and coinswithdrawn from circulation, provided that the central bank of the country issuing thewithdrawn banknote or coin is obliged, by law or a legal act of the European Union, or
undertook an obligation to exchange the withdrawn banknote or coin to legal tender,b) printed securities issued in series shall be considered the same as banknotes, provided
that their transfer is not restricted or prohibited by law or a statement recorded on the
securities,c) imitation of money also means the modification of money withdrawn from circulation insuch a way that it gives the impression of money in circulation,d) counterfeiting money also means the use or removal of a mark used to indicate that themoney is valid in a particular country only, as well as the reduction of the money’s precious
metal content.
(6) Foreign money and securities shall have the same protection as domestic money andsecurities.
Facilitating money counterfeiting
Section 390 (1) A person who makes, hands over, accepts, acquires, keeps, imports to,exports from, transports through the territory of the country, or places on the market any
material, tool, equipment, production plan, technical description or computer program that isnecessary for money counterfeiting is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
facilitating money counterfeiting is committed in a criminal conspiracy or regularly for
generating income.
Stamp counterfeiting
Section 391 (1) A person who, for the purpose of using or releasing into circulation,a) imitates or counterfeits a stamp,b) acquires or imports to, exports from or transports through the territory of the country a
counterfeit or counterfeited stamp
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A person who releases into circulation or uses a counterfeit, counterfeited or used stamp
as authentic or unused shall be punished under paragraph (1).
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if stamp counterfeiting iscommitteda) for stamps, the value of which is particularly large or greater, orb) in a criminal conspiracy.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to one year for committing amisdemeanour if stamp counterfeiting is committed for stamps the value of which is smalleror less.
(5) For the purposes of this section:a) stamp meansaa) postage stamps, even if they have not yet been released into circulation or have been
withdrawn from circulation,ab) a mark indicating prepayment of a postal service, an impression of a franking machine,
a postal overprint, inscription or mark concerning payment or an international reply coupon,ac) stamps issued by an authority as a means of performing payment obligations, even if
they have not yet been released into circulation or have been withdrawn from circulation, as
long as the state is obliged by law to buy back and replace such stamps,
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ad) authority stamps used to certify the nature or components of metal,ae) authority stamps used to secure tax payment, and authority stamps used to certify thequality, quantity or other material characteristics of a product,af) stamps and seals used by the metrological authority to certify the calibration andexamination of a measuring instrument or the volume of a barrel,b) releasing into circulation shall also mean placing on the market for stamp collecting,c) counterfeiting shall also mean the unauthorised modification of a stamp for collection.
(6) Foreign stamps shall have the same protection as domestic stamps.
Counterfeiting non-cash payment instruments
Section 392 (1) A person who, for the purpose of use,a) counterfeits a non-cash payment instrument,b) makes a counterfeit non-cash payment instrument, orc) records data stored on an electronic non-cash payment instrument or related security
elements, using technical means
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) A person who commits preparation for counterfeiting non-cash payment instruments
shall be punished by confinement.
(3) A non-cash payment instrument and an electronic non-cash payment instrument issued
in another country shall have the same protection as a non-cash payment instrument issued in
Hungary.
Abuse of non-cash payment instruments
Section 393 (1) A person whoa) takes away or acquires any non-cash payment instrument, which is not owned or may be
used by him exclusively, from another person illegally and without the consent of that person,b) hands over, acquires or imports to, exports from or transports through the territory of thecountry any counterfeit or counterfeited non-cash payment instrument or data stored on anelectronic non-cash payment instrument or any related security element taken or acquired in amanner specified in point a)
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
abuse of non-cash payment instruments is committed in a criminal conspiracy or regularly for
generating income.
(3) A non-cash payment instrument issued in another country shall have the same protection
as a non-cash payment instrument issued in Hungary.
Facilitating the counterfeiting of non-cash payment instruments
Section 394 (1) A person who makes, acquires, keeps, hands over, places on the market,
imports to, exports from, or transports through the territory of the country any material, tool,
equipment or computer program that is necessary for counterfeiting non-cash payment
instruments or recording any data stored on a non-cash payment instrument using technicalmeans is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to two years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) is committed in a criminal conspiracy or regularly for generating
income.

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CHAPTER XXXIXCRIMINAL OFFENCES DAMAGING THE BUDGET
Abuse of social security, social or other welfare benefits
Section 395 (1) A person who, for the purpose of obtaining or keeping social security
benefits or a benefit, in cash or in kind, that may be provided to a natural person by law fromthe subsectors of the general government, causes another person to err or maintains his error
or withholds any true fact and causes damage by doing so is guilty of a misdemeanour andshall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) The punishment of a person may be reduced without limitation if he pays for thedamages caused by the abuse of social security, social or other welfare benefits before
indictment.
Budget fraud
Section 396 (1) A person whoa) causes another person to err or maintains his error, makes a false statement or withholds
any true fact regarding a payment obligation toward a budget or any funds originating from abudget,b) makes illegal use of an advantage concerning a payment obligation toward a budget, orc) uses any funds originating from a budget for a purpose other than its approved purpose
and causes pecuniary loss to one or more budgets by doing so is guilty of a misdemeanourand shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony ifa) budget fraud causes larger pecuniary loss, orb) budget fraud as defined in paragraph (1) is committed in a criminal conspiracy or
regularly for generating income.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years ifa) budget fraud causes significant pecuniary loss, orb) budget fraud is committed in a criminal conspiracy or regularly for generating income
and causes larger pecuniary loss.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years ifa) budget fraud causes particularly large pecuniary loss, orb) budget fraud is committed in a criminal conspiracy or regularly for generating income
and causes significant pecuniary loss.
(5) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to ten years ifa) budget fraud causes particularly significant pecuniary loss, orb) budget fraud is committed in a criminal conspiracy or regularly for generating income
and causes particularly large pecuniary loss.
(6) A person who produces, acquires, keeps, places on the market, or trades in any excise
goods without an authority permit or meeting a condition laid down in the Act on excise tax
or another law adopted based on an authorisation of that Act and, by doing so, causes
pecuniary loss to a budget shall be punished under paragraphs (1) to (5).
(7) A person who fails to perform or fails to perform in full his settlement, reporting or
information provision obligations relating to any funds originating from a budget, makes any
untrue statement or uses any untrue, counterfeit or counterfeited document is guilty of afelony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(8) The punishment of a person may be reduced without limitation if he pays for thepecuniary loss caused by the budget fraud specified in paragraphs (1) to (6) before indictment.
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This provision shall not apply if the criminal offence is committed in a criminal conspiracy orby a special recidivist.
(9) For the purposes of this section:a) budget means the budget of the subsectors of the general government, including thebudget of social security funds and extra-budgetary funds, budgets managed by or on behalfof an international organisation, and budgets and funds managed by or on behalf of theEuropean Union. With regard to criminal offences concerning funds originating from abudget, funds also mean, in addition to those mentioned above, budgets and funds managed
by or on behalf of a foreign state;b) pecuniary loss means any loss of revenue caused by the failure to perform a payment
obligation toward a budget, as well as any funds received from a budget illegally or used for a
purpose other than the approved purpose;c) for the purposes of special recidivism, the criminal offences damaging the budget shall beconsidered similar.
Failure to comply with the supervisory or control obligation related to budget fraud
Section 397 An executive of an economic operator or a member or worker with the power
to control or supervise is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to
three years if he fails to comply with his supervisory or monitoring obligation and, by doing
so, enables a member or worker of the economic operator to commit budget fraud whilepursuing the activities of the economic operator.
Facilitating excise fraud
Section 398 (1) A person whoa) produces, acquires, keeps, or places on the market, without a licence or in violation of thelaw, any equipment, appliance, tool or base material, which is suitable for producing excise
goods and is specified in the Act on excise duty or another law adopted based on an
authorisation of that Act, orb) produces, acquires or keeps without a licence or in violation of the law, any strip stamp
required for placing on the market
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
the criminal offence is committeda) regularly for generating income,b) for a significant quantity of base material or strip stamps,c) for tax stamps, the value of which is significant or greater.
(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2) b),a) a base material is of significant quantity ifaa) the volume of mineral oil products without tax rate, that can be used as petrol, gas oil,additive to petrol or gas oil or diluent exceeds 20 000 litres,ab) the weight of liquid hydrocarbon without tax rate exceeds 45 000 kilograms,ac) the volume of gaseous hydrocarbon without a tax rate exceeds 100 000 nm3,ad) the volume of sugar wash exceeds 10 000 litres,ae) the volume of wash made of a product of agricultural origin containing sugar or starch
exceeds 25 000 litres,af) the weight of dried tobacco, fermented tobacco or cut tobacco exceeds 5 kilograms,b) strip stamps are of significant quantity if their number exceeds 5000.

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CHAPTER XLMONEY LAUNDERING
Money laundering
Section 399 (1) A person whoa) transforms or transfers a thing originating from a punishable act committed by anotherperson or performs a financial activity or utilises a financial service regarding such a thing,foraa) concealing or disguising the origin of that thing, orab) frustrating criminal proceedings conducted against the perpetrator of the punishable act
committed by another personb) conceals or disguises the origin of a right concerning or a change to a right concerning or
the location or a change to the location of a thing originating from a punishable act committed
by another person,
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) A person shall be punished under paragraph (1) if hea) acquires for himself or a third party, a thing originating from a punishable act committed
by another person,b) safeguards, handles, uses or utilises a thing originating from a punishable act committed
by another person or acquires other material goods for such a thing or for the consideration ofsuch a thing,provided that he was aware of the origin of the thing at the time of commission.
(3) A person shall be punished under paragraph (1) if he, to disguise or conceal the origin ofa thing originating from the commission of a punishable act,a) uses that thing in his economic activity,b) performs any financial activity or utilises a financial service regarding that thing.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if money laundering as
specified in paragraphs (1) to (3) is committeda) regularly for generating income,b) for a particularly large value or in excess of it,c) as an officer or employee of a financial institution, investment firm, commodity exchange
service provider, investment fund manager, venture capital fund manager, an organisation
pursuing the activities as an exchange, a central securities depository or central counterparty,
insurance company, reinsurance company, independent insurance broker, voluntary mutual
insurance fund, private pension fund, institution for occupational retirement provision,gambling operator organisation or a regulated real estate investment company,d) as a public officer, ore) as an attorney-at-law.
(5) A person who agrees to commit money laundering as specified in paragraphs (1) to (4) is
guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
Section 400 (1) A person whoa) uses a thing originating from a punishable act committed by another person in his
economic activity,b) performs any financial activity or utilises a financial service regarding a thing originatingfrom a punishable act committed by another person
without being aware of the origin of that thing by negligence is guilty of a misdemeanourand shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.

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(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) is committeda) for a particularly large value or in excess of it,b) as an officer or employee of a financial institution, investment firm, commodity exchange
service provider, investment fund manager, venture capital fund manager, an organisation
pursuing the activities of an exchange, a central securities depository or central counterparty,
insurance company, reinsurance company, independent insurance broker, voluntary mutual
insurance fund, private pension fund, institution for occupational retirement provision,gambling operator organisation or a regulated real estate investment company, orc) as a public officer.
(3) A person shall not be liable to punishment for money laundering as specified inparagraphs (1) to (2) if he reports the criminal offence to the authorities voluntarily andreveals the circumstances of its commission, provided that the criminal offence has not yet
been discovered or has been discovered in part only.
Failure to comply with the notification obligation regarding money laundering
Section 401 A person who fails to comply with his statutory notification obligation
regarding the prevention of money laundering and terrorism financing is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
Interpretative provision
Section 402 (1) For the purposes of sections 399 to 400, a thing also means any document
or dematerialised security embodying a pecuniary right that confers the right of disposal overthe certified pecuniary value or right in and of itself or, concerning dematerialized securities,
to the beneficiary of the securities account.
(2) For the purposes of sections 399 to 400, financial activity and the utilisation of afinancial service means the provision or use of financial services or supplementary financial
services, investment services or supplementary services for investment services, commodity
exchange services, investment fund management services, venture capital fund management
services, exchange services, central securities depository or central counterparty services,
insurance, reinsurance or independent insurance brokerage services, voluntary mutual
insurance fund services or private pension or occupational retirement provision services.
CHAPTER XLICRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST THE ORDER OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Violation of the order of accounting
Section 403 (1) A person who violates the rules on accounting documents as laid down in
the Act on accounting or the laws adopted based on an authorisation of that Act or fails toperform his obligation to keep books or prepare accounts, and, as a result,a) causes an inaccuracy, which has a substantial impact on the reliable and true impression,orb) frustrates the review or audit of his financial situation concerning the relevant businessyear
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A private entrepreneur or another economic operator not falling within the scope of the
Act on accounting shall be punished under paragraph (1) if he fails to perform his statutory
recordkeeping and documentation obligation and, as a result, frustrates the review or audit of
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(3) In the case specified in paragraph (1), the punishment shall be imprisonment for two toeight years if the criminal offence is committed regarding a financial institution, investment
firm, commodity exchange service provider, investment fund manager, venture capital fundmanager, an organisation pursuing the activities of an exchange, a central securities
depository or central counterparty, insurance company, reinsurance company, independent
insurance broker, voluntary mutual insurance fund, private pension fund, institution foroccupational retirement provision or a regulated real estate investment company.
(4) For the purposes of this section, an inaccuracy shall be deemed to have a substantial
impact on the reliable and true impression if the total sum of all inaccuracies and impacts ofinaccuracies (increasing or reducing the profit or equity) discovered concerning the relevantbusiness year, regardless of its sign, exceeds both twenty per cent of the balance sheet total
and twenty per cent of the net turnover stated in the financial account for the business year
when the inaccuracy was created. An inaccuracy shall in all cases be deemed to have asubstantial impact on the reliable and true impression if the total sum of all inaccuracies andimpacts of inaccuracies (increasing or reducing the profit or equity) discovered concerning therelevant business year, regardless of its sign, exceeds five hundred million forints.
Bankruptcy fraud
Section 404 (1) A person who, when an economic operator falling within the scope of the
Act on bankruptcy procedure and liquidation procedure is threatened by insolvency, actuallyor apparently reduces the assets of the economic operator and, by doing so, frustrates thesatisfaction, in whole or in part, of one or more creditors bya) hiding, concealing, damaging, destroying or rendering the assets or any part thereof
unserviceable,b) entering into any artificial transaction or acknowledging a questionable claim orc) using any other means violating the requirements of sound financial management
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) A person shall be punished under paragraph (1) if hea) renders an economic operator falling within the scope of the Act on bankruptcy
procedure and liquidation procedure actually or apparently insolvent by any of the means
specified in paragraph (1) and, by doing so or,b) in the event of actual insolvency of an economic operator falling within the scope of the
Act on bankruptcy procedure and liquidation procedure, by any of the means specified inparagraph (1),frustrates the satisfaction, in whole or in part, of one or more creditors.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years ifa) bankruptcy fraud is committed concerning an economic operator of distinguishedstrategic importance orb) the amount of the actual or apparent reduction of the assets is particularly significant.
(4) A person who, after liquidation is ordered, favours any of his creditors in violation of theorder of satisfaction specified in the Act on bankruptcy procedure and liquidation procedure is
guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(5) The criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1) to (3) shall be punishable ifa) a bankruptcy procedure was launched,b) liquidation, compulsory strike-off or compulsory winding-up was ordered, orc) a liquidation procedure was not launched in violation of a mandatory statutory provision.
(6) Bankruptcy fraud can be committed, as an offender, by a person who is authorised or isin a position to dispose of the assets, in whole or in part, of the debtor economic operator,even if the transaction conferring such power of disposal is invalid.
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Failure to report a criminal offence in a liquidation procedure
Section 404/A A liquidator who, in the course of a liquidation procedure, obtains credible
knowledge of the commission of violation of the order of accounting (section 403) or
bankruptcy fraud (section 404) but fails to report it to the authorities as soon as he can is
guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
Secreting assets covering a debt
Section 405 (1) A person who secretes an asset, in whole or in part, that serves as coverage
for a claim arising from a written contract and, by doing so, frustrates the payment of the debt,
in whole or in part, is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up
to one year.
(2) A person who commits the act specified in paragraph (1) concerning assets serving as
coverage for a debt arising from economic activities is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (2) is committed for a particularly large value or in excess of it.
(4) The perpetrator may not be punished for secreting assets covering a debt if he pays thedebt before indictment.
Unauthorised international trade activity
Section 406 A person who imports to or exports from the territory of the country any goods
without a licence required for import or export is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to three years.
Impairing equity
Section 407 An executive or member of a company limited by shares, a limited liability
company, a cooperative, a European Company or a European Cooperative Society that
secretes the company’s equity, in whole or in part, is guilty of a felony and shall be punishedby imprisonment for up to three years.
Unauthorised financial activity
Section 408 (1) A person who, without a licence required by law, providesa) financial services or supplementary financial services,b) investment services or supplementary services for investment services, commodity
exchange services, investment fund management services, venture capital fund management
services, exchange services, central securities depository or central counterparty services,c) insurance, reinsurance services,d) voluntary mutual insurance fund services or private pension or occupational retirement
provision services
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A person who concerning an activity specified in paragraph (1) a) to c),a) engages in any brokerage activity without a licence required by law,b) engages in any brokerage activity without registration or notification, if he failed toverify its completion,
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.

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Failure to comply with the obligation to provide economic data
Section 409 (1) An executive person of an economic operator who participates ina) having the economic operator unavailable at its seat, establishment or branch,b) having a person registered in a publicly certified register as an authorised representativeof the economic operator whose place of domicile or place of residence is or is considered
unknown, orc) having a person or economic operator registered in a publicly certified register as theowner of the economic operator, whose place of domicile or place of residence is or isconsidered unknown or which is not available at its seat, establishment or branch, or who or
which is not the beneficial owneris guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A person who fails to give notice of any data, right or fact to be entered into a publicly
certified register concerning an economic activity, or of any change to any such data, right orfact, is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years if
the notification obligation is provided for under a law.
(3) For the purposes of this section, a beneficial owner is a person or economic operator
who or which holds, directly or indirectly, at least ten per cent of the votes, a ten per centownership proportion or any significant influence, as defined in the Civil Code, over the
economic operator.
Insider trading
Section 410 (1) A person who,a) using inside information and for his own account or for the account of another person,
enters into a transaction, places, withdraws or modifies an order for a transaction or records,
withdraws or modifies a bid concerning a financial instrument to which the inside information
relates,b) relying on inside information in his possession, invites or induces one or more otherpersons to enter into a transaction, place, withdraw or modify an order for a transaction, or
record, withdraw or modify a bid concerning a financial instrument to which the inside
information relates
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to five years ifa) the criminal offence is committed by a public officer,b) the criminal offence is committed by an officer or employee of a financial institution,
investment firm, commodity exchange service provider, investment fund manager, venture
capital fund manager, an organisation pursuing the activities of an exchange, a central
securities depository or central counterparty, insurance company, reinsurance company,
independent insurance broker, voluntary mutual insurance fund, private pension fund,institution for occupational retirement provision or a regulated real estate investmentcompany,c) the extent of the absolute value of any one or more transactions, orders or bids affectedby the criminal offence is particularly large or greater.
Unauthorised disclosure of inside information
Section 410/A A person who, to gain undue advantage or cause undue disadvantage,
discloses inside information to one or more unauthorised persons is guilty of a misdemeanourand shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.

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Illegal market manipulation
Section 411 (1) A person whoa) enters into a transaction, places, withdraws or modifies an order for a transaction,
records, withdraws or modifies a bid during own account trading, or engages in any otherconduct, that gives false or misleading signals concerning, or secures at an artificial or
abnormal level, the demand for or supply, exchange rate or price of a financial instrument or a
related spot commodity contract,b) seeks to influence the exchange rate or price of a financial instrument or a related spot
commodity contract by entering into any artificial transaction concerning that financial
instrument or engaging in other misleading conduct,c) seeks to influence the calculation of a benchmark by revealing or transmitting any false
or misleading information or by using any other misleading method
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A person shall be punished under paragraph (1) if he, for gain, reveals or disseminates infront of a large audience any information that gives false or misleading signals concerning, or
secures at an artificial or abnormal level, the demand for or supply, exchange rate or price ofa financial instrument or a related spot commodity contract.
(3) A person shall be punished under paragraph (1) if he induces others to make, increase,sell or reduce any capital investment by revealing or disseminating false data or withholding
data concerning the financial standing of an economic operator, an executive person of an
economic operator in relation to the activities of this person as an executive person, orconcerning a financial instrument pertaining to an economic operator.
(4) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1)a) in a criminal conspiracy,b) as a public officer,c) as an officer or employee of a financial institution, investment firm, commodity exchange
service provider, investment fund manager, venture capital fund manager, an organisation
pursuing the activities of an exchange, a central securities depository or central counterparty,
insurance company, reinsurance company, independent insurance broker, voluntary mutual
insurance fund, private pension fund, institution for occupational retirement provision or aregulated real estate investment company,
shall be punished by imprisonment for up to five years.
(5) Paragraphs (1) to (4) shall apply to the transactions and instruments specified in Article
2 (2) (a) and (b) of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 of the European Parliament and of theCouncil of 16 April 2014 on market abuse (market abuse regulation) and repealing Directive
2003/6/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Directives
2003/124/EC, 2003/125/EC and 2004/72/EC (hereinafter “Regulation (EU) No 596/2014”) if
the transaction, order, bid or behaviour has any impact on the price, exchange rate, or value ofthe financial instrument or spot commodity contract.
Organising a pyramid scheme
Section 412 A person who organises a game based on the collection and distribution ofmoney from other persons in a predetermined manner and also involving a risk factor, whereparticipants are connected to each other in a chain-like manner and make payments or provide
other services, directly or through the organiser, to the person preceding them in the chain is
guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.

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Violation of economic secrets
Section 413 (1) A person who is obliged to keep bank secrets, securities secrets, fundsecrets, insurance secrets, or occupational retirement secrets and makes accessible any data,
qualifying as bank secret, securities secret, fund secret, insurance secret or occupational
retirement secret to an unauthorised person to gain illicit advantage or by causing any
pecuniary loss to another person is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) A person does not commit violation of economic secrets if hea) performs his obligation laid down in the Act concerning the accessibility of public
interest data and data accessible on public interest grounds, orb) performs or initiates a statutory notification obligation relating to the prevention ofmoney laundering and terrorism financing, insider trading, market manipulation, and the fightagainst terrorism, even if the notification given in good faith is groundless.
Interpretative provisions
Section 414 (1) For the purposes of sections 410 to 411, financial instrument means afinancial instrument specified in the Act on investment firms and commodity exchange
service providers, and on the regulations governing their activities, provided that itcorresponds to the provisions laid down in Article 2 (1) of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014, notincludinga) the cases specified in Article 5 (1) to (3) of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014,b) the cases specified in Article 5 (4) and (5) of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014,c) the cases specified in Article 6 (1) to (4) of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014.
(2) For the purposes of sections 409 and 411, executive person meansa) an executive officer or a member of the supervisory board of an economic operator,b) a person designated as leader of a Hungarian branch of an undertaking which has its seatabroad or of a Hungarian establishment of a European Economic Interest Grouping, which
has its seat abroad,c) a person identified as such by the articles of association, deed of foundation or
memorandum of association of an economic operator.
CHAPTER XLIICRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST CONSUMERS' INTERESTS AND FAIRCOMPETITION
Placing poor-quality products on the market
Section 415 (1) A person who places a poor-quality product on the market as a good-quality
product is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence iscommitteda) for poor-quality products of a significant quantity or value,b) in a criminal conspiracy, orc) regularly for generating income.
(3) A person who commits preparation for placing poor-quality products on the market isguilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(4) A person who commits the criminal offence by negligence is guilty of a misdemeanourand shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.

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(5) The perpetrator of the criminal offence specified in paragraph (4) shall not be liable topunishment if he takes all measures to retake possession of the poor-quality product as soon
as he becomes aware of the poor-quality nature of the product.
(6) For the purposes of this section, a product is of poor qualitya) if it fails to meet a safety or quality requirement specified by law or in a directly
applicable legal act of the European Union with general application, orb) in the absence of a requirement specified in point a), ifba) the fact that a product produced for human consumption is unfit for human consumption
was masked,bb) the minimum durability date, “use by” date, and time limit for consumption of the
product was illegally extended,bc) the product was produced utilising an unauthorised ingredient,bd) the product was produced for human consumption from substances or products unfit forhuman consumption, orbe) the product may not be used as intended, or its usability is significantly reduced.
False certification of conformity
Section 416 (1) A person who certifies false information regarding the conformity of any
product of significant quantity or value in a certificate of conformity, declaration ofconformity or a conformity marking to be issued under an obligation to certify conformity bylaw or a directly applicable legal act of the European Union is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence iscommitteda) in a criminal conspiracy orb) regularly for generating income.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence by negligence is guilty of a misdemeanourand shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
Deceiving consumers
Section 417 (1) A person who provides potentially misleading information during anorganised product presentation regarding the existence of any special discount, priceadvantage or chance of winning is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) A person who, to sell goods, states an untrue fact or a true fact in a potentiallymisleading manner or provides potentially misleading information in front of a large audience
regarding a material feature of goods of a significant quantity or value is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) is committed regarding a feature pertaining to
the health or environmental impact, hazardousness, risk or safety of the goods.
(4) For the purposes of this section:a) a material feature of goods meansaa) the composition, technical features, and fitness for a given purpose of the goods,ab) the origin, place of origin and production method of the goods,ac) the testing and control of the goods or the results thereof,b) an organised product presentation means a trip organised to place the goods on themarket, or any retail activity pursued during an event.

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Violation of trade secrets
Section 418 A person who, to gain any undue advantage or cause pecuniary loss to anotherperson, acquires, uses, renders accessible to another person or publicly discloses any trade
secret without authorisation is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up
to three years.
Imitation of competitors
Section 419 (1) A person who, without the consent of his competitor, produces any goods
with a distinctive appearance, packaging, marking or name based on which the competitor orits distinctive goods are recognised or acquires or keeps such goods for the purpose of placing
on the market or places such goods on the market is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to one year, unless another criminal offence is established.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
the criminal offence is committed for imitated goods of a significant quantity or value.
An agreement restricting competition in a public procurement and concession
procedure
Section 420 (1) A person who restricts competition by entering into an agreement on fixing
prices, fees or other contract terms, or dividing the market or engaging in any other concerted
practice to influence the result of a public procurement procedure or an open or restricted
tender published concerning an activity subject to a concession is guilty of a felony and shallbe punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) A person shall be punished under paragraph (1) if he participates in the making of adecision restricting competition by an association of undertakings, a public body, a groupingor a similar organisation to influence the result of a public procurement procedure or an openor restricted tender published concerning an activity subject to a concession.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to two years for committing amisdemeanour if the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) or (2) is committed for a
public procurement value not exceeding a significant amount.
(4) The perpetrator of a criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1) to (3) shall not be liable
to punishment if he notifies the authorities proceeding in criminal matters of the act andreveals the circumstances of its commission before the authorities become aware of them.
(5) The perpetrator of a criminal offence specified in paragraphs (1) to (3) shall not be liable
to punishment if, at the time of commission, he was an executive officer, member,supervisory board member or employee of an undertaking, or an agent of any such person,
who filed an application serving as ground for the non-application of a fine under the Act on
the prohibition of restrictive market practices concerning the act, and revealed thecircumstances of commission, before the authority proceeding in competition supervisory
matters launched an investigation regarding the matter.
(6) The punishment may be reduced without limitation or, in cases deserving special
consideration, dispensed with regarding a person who, at the time of commission, was an
executive officer, member, supervisory board member or employee of an undertaking, or an
agent of any such person, that filed an application with the authority proceeding incompetition supervisory matters serving as ground for the non-application or reduction of afine under the Act on the prohibition of restrictive market practices concerning the act, andrevealed the circumstances of its commission.

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Interpretative provisions
Section 421 For the purposes of this Chaptera) product means any marketable movable thing that can be taken into possession and any
kind of natural forces which can be utilised as things,b) goods means a product, a real estate, a service, and a right of pecuniary value.
CHAPTER XLIIIILLEGAL DATA ACQUISITION AND CRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST INFORMATIONSYSTEMS
Illegal data acquisition
Section 422 (1) A person who, for the purpose of gaining knowledge of any personal data,
personal secret, economic secret or trade secret without authorisation,a) searches in secret the home of another person or any other related premises or a fenced
area of themb) surveils or records the events taking place in the home of another person or any otherrelated premises or a fenced area of them by using technical means in secret,c) opens or acquires in secret and records the content of a postal item or other closed
consignment of another person by using technical means,d) intercepts in secret, and records, by using technical means, any communication
conducted through an electronic communications network or device or an information system,e) intercepts in secret, and records, by using technical means, any data processed in an
information system
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(1a) A person shall be punished under paragraph (1) if he, for the purpose of gaining
knowledge of any personal data, personal secret, economic secret or trade secret withoutauthorisation,a) searches in secret any premises, area, vehicle or a thing used by another person, otherthan a public area, premises open to the public or means of public transport,b) surveils or records the events taking place in any premises, area or vehicle other than apublic area, premises open to the public or means of public transport by using technical means
in secret.
(2) A person who, beyond paragraph (1), collects any information for the purpose ofdetermining the identity or activities of a covert investigator or a person cooperating in secretwith an organ authorised to engage in secret information gathering or to use covert means
shall be punished under paragraph (1).
(3) A person who transmits or uses any personal data, personal secret, economic secret or
trade secret of which he gained knowledge in a manner specified in paragraphs (1) to (2) shallbe punished under paragraph (1).
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if illegal acquisition of data,as specified in paragraphs (1) to (3), is committeda) by pretending to carry out an official procedure,b) regularly for generating income,c) in a criminal conspiracy, ord) by causing significant harm to interests.

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Violation of information systems or related data breach
Section 423 (1) A person who logs into an information system without authorisation byviolating or circumventing a technical measure safeguarding that information system or stays
logged in exceeding or violating the limits of his authorisation to log in is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) A person whoa) hinders the functioning of an information system without authorisation or violating thelimits of his authorisation, orb) modifies, deletes or renders inaccessible any data stored in an information system withoutauthorisation or violating the limits of his authorisation
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years for committing a felony if
the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) affects a significant number of information
systems.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence iscommitted against a public interest enterprise.
(5) For the purposes of this section, data means the representation of facts, information, andterms stored, processed, technically processed or transferred in the information system in amanner that is suitable for being processed by the information system, including any programthat implements a function of the information system.
Circumvention of technical security measures protecting information systems
Section 424 (1) A person who, for the purpose of committing a criminal offence specified in
sections 375, 422 (1) d) or 423,a) makes, hands over, makes accessible, acquires or places on the market a password orcomputer program that is necessary for or facilitates the commission of a criminal offenceb) makes available to another person his economic, technical or organisational knowledge
regarding the making of a password or computer program that is necessary for or facilitates
the commission of a criminal offence
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
(2) The perpetrator shall not be liable to punishment for committing the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (1) a) if he informs the authorities of his actions, hands over to theauthorities any item made, and enables the identification of other persons involved in theprocedure of making it before the authority proceeding in criminal matters becomes aware of
the making of the password or computer program that is necessary for or facilitates thecommission of a criminal offence.
(3) For the purposes of this section, password means an identifier, consisting of digits,letters, signs, biometric data or a combination thereof, enabling access to an information
system or any part of an information system.
CHAPTER XLIVCRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST MILITARY OBLIGATION
Violation of an obligation to enlist
Section 425 (1) A person obliged to perform military service who fails to perform his
obligation to enlist is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five
years.

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(2) A person who commits the criminal offence by negligence is guilty of a misdemeanourand shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Evading military service
Section 426 (1) A person obliged to perform military service who, for the purpose of
avoiding service in the military,a) fails to perform his obligation to appear or enlist, orb) mutilates his body, damages his health or behaves in a deceiving manner
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for five to ten years.
Refusing military service
Section 427 A person obliged to perform military service who refuses to serve in the
military is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for five to fifteen years.
Obstructing the performance of military service obligation
Section 428 (1) A person who commits an act aimed at preventing a person obliged toperform military service from performing his obligation to enlist is guilty of a felony and shallbe punished under section 425.
(2) A person who commits an act aimed at having a person obliged to perform military
service avoid military service as defined in section 426 shall be punished under that section.
Violation of civil defence obligation
Section 429 (1) A person who fails to perform his civil defence service is guilty of a felony
and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence
results in a serious danger.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) by negligence isguilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.
Violation of the obligation to perform work for national defence purposes
Section 430 A person obliged to perform work for national defence purposes who seriously
violates his obligations by being absent or in any other manner is guilty of a felony and shallbe punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Violation of the obligation to provide services
Section 431 A person who seriously violates or eludes a defence obligation to provide
economic or material services is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for
one to five years.
Reduction of a punishment without limitation
Section 432 The punishment may be reduced without limitation if the perpetrator of acriminal offence specified in this Chapter performs his unperformed obligation voluntarily.
Interpretative provisions
Section 433 (1) The provisions of this Chapter shall be applied in a state of national crisis
and after a military obligation is ordered in a state of preventive defence.
(2) In addition to the provisions laid down in paragraph (1), the criminal offence of violation
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danger, and the violation of the obligation to provide services may also be committed in astate of danger.
(3) The criminal offence of violation of an obligation to perform work for national defence
purposes may be committed in a state of national crisis only.
CHAPTER XLVMILITARY OFFENCES
Desertion
Section 434 (1) A person who, for the purpose of avoiding military service permanently,
leaves or remains absent from his place of service arbitrarily is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if desertion is committeda) with a weapon,b) by a group,c) while performing an important service or by using that service,d) using violence against a person, ore) to another country.
(3) A person who deserts to another country in a manner specified in paragraph (2) a) to c)or deserts in a time of war or during a state of preventive defence shall be punished by
imprisonment for five to fifteen years.
(4) A person who commits preparation for desertion shall be punished by imprisonment for
up to one year for committing a misdemeanour in the case specified in paragraph (2) or byimprisonment for one to five years for committing a felony in the case specified in paragraph(3).
(5) The punishment of a perpetrator of desertion may be reduced without limitation if hereports to the authorities voluntarily within thirty days. The time limit shall not include theday of desertion.
Arbitrary leave
Section 435 (1) A person who leaves or remains absent from his place of service arbitrarily
and the period of his absence exceeds two days is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
the period of arbitrary absence exceeds nine days.
(3) If the criminal offence of arbitrary leave is committed in a time of war or during a stateof preventive defence, humanitarian activities conducted in a foreign operational area, or
peacekeeping, the punishment shall be imprisonmenta) for one to five years for committing a felony in the case specified in paragraph (1),b) for two to eight years in the case specified in paragraph (2).
Evading service
Section 436 (1) A person who, for the purpose of avoiding military service permanently,
mutilates his body, damages his health or behaves in a deceiving manner is guilty of a felony
and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) to avoid military
service temporarily is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up
to one year.

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(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to two years if the period of temporary
avoidance exceeds six days.
(4) If the criminal offence is committed during in a time of war or during a state ofpreventive defence, the punishment shall be imprisonment fora) five to fifteen years in the case specified in paragraph (1),b) one to five years for committing a felony in the case specified in paragraph (2),c) two to eight years in the case specified in paragraph (3).
Refusing service
Section 437 (1) A person who refuses to perform military service explicitly is guilty of afelony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to fifteen years if the criminal offence ofrefusing service is committed in a time of war or during a state of preventive defence.
Breach of duty during service
Section 438 (1) A person who, while being on guard or on-call duty or other standby
service and in violation of the service measure related to the given service, falls asleep,
consumes any alcoholic beverage, drug or narcotic substance or agent not classified as a drug,
leaves his post or violates any other provision concerning the performance of his service inany other serious manner is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment
for up to one year.
(2) If the criminal offence results in a danger of any significant disadvantage for the service,
the punishment shall be imprisonment fora) up to three years in the case specified in paragraph (1),b) one to five years in a time of war or during a state of preventive defence
for committing a felony.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to fifteen years for committing a felony
if the criminal offence is committed in a combat situation or during humanitarian activities
conducted in a foreign operational area or peacekeeping, and it results in any particularly
large disadvantage.
(4) A person who commits the criminal offence by negligence is guilty of a misdemeanour
and, in the case specified in paragraph (2), shall be punished by confinement or imprisonment
for up to one year according to the distinctions made there or, in the case specified inparagraph (3), shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
Evading a service duty
Section 439 (1) A person who avoids an important service duty by deception or absence orrenders himself unable to perform such a duty, is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) If the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) results in a danger of any significant
disadvantage for the service or is committed during humanitarian activities conducted in aforeign operational area or peacekeeping, the punishment shall be imprisonment for up to
three years for committing a felony.
(3) If the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) is committed in a time of war or during
a state of preventive defence, the punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years.

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Violation of reporting obligation
Section 440 (1) A person who fails to report or gives an untrue report on an important
service matter in due time is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment
for up to two years if the criminal offence results in a danger of any significant disadvantage
for the service.
(2) If the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) is committed in a time of war, during astate of preventive defence, humanitarian activities conducted in a foreign operational area orpeacekeeping, the punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years for committing afelony.
Abuse of service authority
Section 441 (1) A person who, to cause undue disadvantage or gain undue advantage,
abuses his service authority or position is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to three years, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years for committing a felony if
the criminal offence results in any significant disadvantage.
MutinySection 442 (1) A person who participates in a group openly resisting service order anddiscipline and significantly interfering with the performance of service duties is guilty of afelony and shall be punished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years for a person whoa) initiates, organises or leads a mutiny,b) participates in a mutiny if he uses violence against a military superior or a person taking
action to overcome the mutiny.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to fifteen years if the mutiny results inparticularly serious consequences.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to twenty years or life if the mutiny
causes death.
(5) The punishment shall be imprisonment fora) two to eight years in the case specified in paragraph (1),b) five to fifteen years in the case specified in paragraph (2),if the mutiny is committed in a time of war or during a state of preventive defence.
(6) If mutiny as specified in paragraphs (1) to (2) is committed in a combat situation, thepunishment shall be imprisonment for five to fifteen years.
(7) A person who commits preparation for mutiny shall be punished by imprisonment for up
to three years for committing a felony; the punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five
years in a time of war, or during a combat situation or a state of preventive defence.
(8) In the case specified in paragraph (1), the punishment of a person may be reduced
without limitation if he ceases to participate in the mutiny voluntarily or by order before it
results in any serious consequence.
Failure to prevent mutiny
Section 443 (1) A person who fails to take all measures in his power to prevent or report
without delay a mutiny or preparation for a mutiny, of which he is aware is guilty of amisdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to two years.

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(2) If the criminal offence specified in paragraph (1) is committed in a time of war, or
during a combat situation or a state of preventive defence, the punishment shall be
imprisonment for one to five years for committing a felony.
Disobeying an order
Section 444 (1) A person who fails to perform an order is guilty of a misdemeanour andshall be punished by confinement.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to two years if the criminal offence ofdisobeying an order is committed by a group.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
the criminal offence of disobeying an ordera) is committed in the presence of other subordinates or otherwise in public, either by
explicitly refusing to perform the order or in any other insulting manner,b) results in a danger of any significant disadvantage for the service or discipline.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence
specified in paragraph (3) is committed in a time of war or during a state of preventive
defence.
(5) A person who fails to perform a combat order in a war or an order issued concerning theuse of weapons during humanitarian activities conducted in a foreign operational area orpeacekeeping shall be punished by imprisonment for five to fifteen years.
Violence against a military superior or a serving officer
Section 445 (1) A person who uses or threatens violence againsta) his military superior,b) a higher-ranking officer, a guard or another serving officer
in the course of or because of the performance of his duties or actively resists in any othermanner, is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offencea) is committed with a weapon, with an instrument capable of causing death or by a group,b) also qualifies as disobeying an order,c) results in grievous bodily harm or a danger of any significant disadvantage for the service
or discipline.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for two to eight years if the criminal offence
causes any permanent disability, serious degradation of health or danger to life.
(4) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to fifteen years if the criminal offence
causes the death of the aggrieved party.
(5) The punishment shall be imprisonment for ten to twenty years or life if the criminal
offencea) also qualifies as intentional homicide, orb) is committed in a combat situation.
(6) The punishment shall be imprisonment fora) one to five years in the case specified in paragraph (1),b) two to eight years in the case specified in paragraph (2),c) five to fifteen years in the case specified in paragraph (3),if the criminal offence is committed in a time of war or during a state of preventive defence.

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Violence against a person defending or required to defend a military superior or aserving officer
Section 446 A person shall be punishable under section 445 if he commits the criminal
offence specified therein against a person defending or required to defend a military superior
or a serving officer.
Violation of service reputation
Section 447 (1) A person who violates the reputation of aa) military superior,b) a higher-ranking officer, guard or other serving officer performing his service
in front of another person or in a grossly vulgar manner is guilty of a misdemeanour andshall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
the criminal offence is committed in front of multiple soldiers or otherwise in public.
Provoking dissatisfaction
Section 448 (1) A person who provokes dissatisfaction with a military superior, an order orthe service order or discipline is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by
imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
provoking dissatisfaction causes any significant disadvantage for the service or discipline.
Insulting a subordinate
Section 449 (1) A person who violates the human dignity of his subordinate in front ofanother person or in a grossly vulgar manner is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to one year.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for up to three years for committing a felony if
the criminal offence is committeda) for a base reason,b) causing grievous bodily or mental suffering,c) in front of more than one soldier,d) against more than one subordinate.
(3) The punishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years if the criminal offence
causes grievous bodily harm or a serious disadvantage for the service.
Abuse of power by a military superior
Section 450 A person who, abusing his powers as a military superior,a) subjects his subordinate to disciplinary punishment,b) restricts the exercise of the right of his subordinate to file a complaint,c) reduces the pay of or imposes any financial burden on his subordinate,d) make use of his subordinate for a personal purpose,e) treats a subordinate in a more or less favourable manner than other subordinates
is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year.
Failure of a military superior to provide care
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subordinates is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one
year, unless a criminal offence of greater gravity is established.
(2) If the criminal offence causes any significant disadvantage for the service or discipline,
the punishment shall be imprisonment fora) one to five years in the case specified in paragraph (1),b) two to eight years in a time of war or during a state of preventive defence
for committing a felony.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) by negligence isguilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year or up to
three years according to the distinctions made there.
Failure of a military superior to take action
Section 452 (1) A person who, in violation of his duty as a military superior, fails to takeaction as necessarya) to prevent a subordinate from breaching his duties or committing a criminal offence, or toestablish the liability of a subordinate,b) to overcome any disturbance that poses a danger to service order, discipline or public
safetyis guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year,
unless a crime against humanity or a war crime is established.
(2) If the criminal offence causes any significant disadvantage for the service, discipline or
public safety, the punishment shall be imprisonment fora) one to five years in the case specified in paragraph (1),b) two to eight years in a time of war or during a state of preventive defence
for committing a felony.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) by negligence isguilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year or up to
three years according to the distinctions made there.
Failure to carry out control
Section 453 (1) A person violates his duty as a military superior by failing to control his
subordinates in the course of performing their duties is guilty of a misdemeanour and shall bepunished by imprisonment for up to one year if this failure causes any significant
disadvantage for the service or discipline.
(2) If the criminal offence causes any particularly large disadvantage for the service ordiscipline, the punishment shall be imprisonment fora) one to five years in the case specified in paragraph (1),b) two to eight years in a time of war or during a state of preventive defence
for committing a felony.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence specified in paragraph (2) by negligence isguilty of a misdemeanour and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to one year or up to
three years according to the distinctions made there.
Endangering an increase in the state of readiness
Section 454 (1) A person who, in violation of his service duties, directly endangers anincrease in the state of readiness of a unit bya) failing to provide or protect the stocks of the necessary weaponry, combat equipment orother war materials,

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b) destroying, rendering unserviceable or making otherwise unavailable for intended use
any important weaponry, combat equipment or other war materials,
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years or, in atime of war, two to eight years.
(2) If the criminal offence causes a particularly large disadvantage for the service, thepunishment shall be imprisonment for one to five years or, in a time of war or during a stateof preventive defence, five to fifteen years.
(3) A person who commits the criminal offence by negligence is guilty of a misdemeanourand shall be punished, in the case specified in paragraph (1), by imprisonment for up to one
year or three years, according to the distinctions made there or, in the case specified inparagraph (2), by imprisonment for up to two years or one to five years, according to the
distinctions made there.
Commander's breach of duty
Section 455 A person who, by breaching his duties as a commander in a combat situation,a) surrenders his subordinate soldiers to the enemy or allows them to be captured,b) destroys, in the absence of any coercive circumstances, or relinquishes in a usable state to
the enemy any important battle station, military equipment, combat weapon or other war
materials entrusted to his care,c) fails to resist the enemy to the best of his ability
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for five to fifteen years.
Evading combat obligation
Section 456 A person who evades his combat obligationa) by arbitrarily leaving his place of service, hiding or fleeing,b) by intentionally causing any unfitness for combat or by behaving in a deceiving manner,c) by abandoning, damaging or failing to use his combat weapond) by voluntarily surrendering to the enemy, ore) by violating his service duty in any other serious manner
is guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for five to fifteen years.
Undermining of military morale
Section 457 (1) A person who, in a time of war or a state of preventive defence, provokes
dissatisfaction or promotes defeatism among soldiers is guilty of a felony and shall bepunished by imprisonment for one to five years.
(2) The punishment shall be imprisonment for five to fifteen years if the criminal offencea) causes any dissatisfaction among or any other breach of duty by soldiers in a combat
situation, orb) results in any other significant disadvantage for the service.
Interpretative provisions
Section 458 For the purposes of this Chaptera) military service means service to be performed by persons specified in section 127 (1),b) combat situation means the actual pursuit of combat activities.

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CLOSING PARTInterpretative provisions
Section 459 (1) For the purposes of this Act,
1. a criminal organisation means a group that consists of at least three persons, is established
for a longer period of time, is organised hierarchically and operates in a conspiratorial mannerto commit intentional criminal offences punishable by at least five years of imprisonment;
2. a criminal conspiracy is established if two or more persons commit or agree to commit
criminal offences in an organised manner and they attempt to commit at least one criminal
offence, but no criminal organisation is established;
3. a criminal offence is committed by a group if at least three persons are involved in its
commission;
4. violent behaviour means also taking offensive physical action against another person,
even if it is not capable of causing bodily harm;
5. a person commits a criminal offence with a weapon if he carriesa) a firearm,b) explosives,c) detonating equipment,d) an appliance serving for using explosives or detonating equipment,
or if the criminal offence is committed by threatening with a replica of an item specified inpoints a) to d);
6. a person commits a criminal offence with an instrument capable of causing death if hecarries a lethal object to overcome or prevent any resistance;
7. threat means the communicated intent to inflict a serious disadvantage, which is suitablefor causing serious fear in the threatened person, unless otherwise provided;
8. economic operator means economic operators as defined by the Code of Civil Procedure,
as well as organisations, the economic activity-related civil law relations of which are subject
to the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure;
9. an authority also means a court or the prosecution service;
10. war meansa) situations described in the common Articles 2 and 3 of the conventions for the protectionof war victims signed in Geneva on 12 August 1949, as well as in Article 1 (4) of theAdditional Protocol I to such conventions,b) situations described in Article 1 of the Additional Protocol II of the conventions
specified in point a),c) a state of national crisis,d) a state of emergency,e) the deployment of the Hungarian Defence Forces abroad regarding war crimes andmilitary offences;
11. a public officer meansa) the President of the Republic,b) a Member of the National Assembly, a national minority advocate, and a Member of theEuropean Parliament elected in Hungary,c) a judge of the Constitutional Court,d) the Prime Minister, a Minister, a State Secretary, a Permanent State Secretary, a Deputy
State Secretary and a Government Delegate,e) a judge, a prosecutor and an arbitrator,f) the Commissioner for Fundamental Rights and his deputy,146

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g) a notary and a deputy notary,h) an independent court bailiff, a deputy of an independent court bailiff, and a juniorindependent court bailiff entrusted with the power to serve documents,i) a member of the representative body of a local government and that of a national minority
self-government,j) a commander of the Hungarian Defence Forces exercising employer’s rights over the
military personnel, and a commander of a vessel or an aircraft if he is entitled to apply theprovisions on investigating authorities,k) a person performing services, or tasks related to the exercise of public powers, at theConstitutional Court, the Office of the President of the Republic, the Office of the National
Assembly, the Office of the Commissioner for Fundamental Rights, the Hungarian National
Bank, the State Audit Office, a court, the prosecution service, a central state administration
organ, the Parliamentary Guard, the capital or a county government office, an administrative
organ of a local government, a county institution maintainer centre, or a statutory professional
body, whose activities are required for the regular operation of the organ concerned,l) a member of the election commission;
12. a person performing public duties meansa) a soldier of the Hungarian Defence Forces performing a service duty,b) a person assigned to a civil defence organisation and performing civil defence services,c) a civil guard when performing activities specified in the Act on the Civil Guard and therules on performing civil guard activities,d) a member of a church personnel and the member of a religious association who performs
religious rites professionally,e) in a court or other authority proceedings, the defence counsel, legal representative, expert
and bailiff for service of documents not qualifying as a public officer,f) a healthcare worker or another person engaged in an employment-related relationshipwith a healthcare service provider in the cases specified in the Act on healthcare,g) a member of the national ambulance service or another organisation authorised to provide
ambulance service, with regard to the provision of ambulance services and transporting
patients,h) a member of a local government fire service, an industrial fire brigade or a volunteer
firefighters association, when performing firefighting and technical rescue tasks,i) a teacher or another employee directly assisting in teaching and educational work in thecases specified in the Act on national public education, an instructor in the cases specified in
the Act on vocational education and training, furthermore, a lecturer, teacher or academic
researcher at an institute of higher education in the cases specified in the Act on national
higher education,j) a person employed in a position specified in the Act on the protection of children andguardianship administration or in the Act on social administration and social benefits when
performing such activities,k) a member of the professional forestry staff or licensed professional forestry staff, when
performing activities specified in the Act on forests, the protection of forests and forest
management,l) a professional hunter when performing activities specified in the Act on the protection ofwild game, wild game management and hunting,m) a fisheries officer when performing activities specified in the Act on fishery and fishing,n) a person performing enforcement tasks at an economic operator operating means ofpublic transport, when performing such activities,

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o) a person performing customer service tasks at a universal postal service provider, when
performing such activities;
13. a foreign public officer meansa) a person performing legislative, judicial, administrative or law enforcement tasks in aforeign country,b) a person serving at an international organisation established by an international treaty
promulgated by an Act, whose activities are required for the regular operation of theorganisation concerned,c) a person elected to the general assembly or body of an international organisation
established by an international treaty promulgated by an Act, including Members of theEuropean Parliament elected in another country,d) a member of an international court with jurisdiction in Hungary or over Hungariannationals, and a person serving at such an international court whose activities are required forthe regular operation of the court concerned;
14. a relative meansa) a lineal relative and a spouse or cohabitant of a lineal relative,b) an adoptive parent or foster parent, including a step-parent living in the same household,or an adopted or foster child, including a step-child living in the same household,c) a sibling and a spouse or cohabitant of a sibling,d) a spouse or cohabitant,e) a lineal relative or sibling of a spouse or cohabitant;
15. information system means a piece of equipment performing the automatic technicalprocessing, processing, storage and transfer of data, or an assembly of such interconnected
pieces of equipment;
16. damage means any diminution in the value of assets caused by a criminal offence unlessotherwise provided in this Act;17. pecuniary loss means any damage caused to assets and any loss of profit unlessotherwise provided in this Act;18. drug meansa) a substance specified in Schedules I and II of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs,
signed in New York on 30 March 1961 and promulgated by Law-Decree 4 of 1965, as
amended and supplemented by the Protocol amending the Single Convention on Narcotic
Drugs, signed in Geneva on 25 March 1972 and promulgated by Law-Decree 17 of 1988,b) a hazardous psychotropic substance specified in Schedules I and II of the Convention on
Psychotropic Substances signed in Vienna on 21 February 1971 and promulgated by LawDecree 25 of 1979, andc) a psychotropic substance specified in Annex 2 to Act XCV of 2005 on medicinal
products for human use and amending other Acts regulating the market for medicinal
products;
19. a non-cash payment instrument means a non-cash payment instrument and a negotiable
voucher as specified in the Act on credit institutions, a treasury card, a travel cheque, or avoucher or a bill of exchange issued according to an Act to pay for a limited range of goods
and services that may be granted with the tax being payable by the paying entity or free of tax,
provided that it is protected against copying, falsification and unauthorised use by its design,coding or a displayed signature;
20. an electronic non-cash payment instrument means a non-cash payment instrument as
defined in the Act on credit institutions, as well as a treasury card and an electronic voucher
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21. a public interest enterprise meansa) a public utility,b) a public transport operation,c) an electronic communications network;d) a logistic, payment or information centre or operation operated to carry out the public
interest tasks of a universal postal service provider,e) a plant manufacturing war materials or military equipment, and plants producing power
or raw materials intended to be used in a plant;
22. a large audience also means that a criminal offence is committed through a media
product, media service, reproduction or publication on an electronic communications
network;
23. a weapon prohibited by an international treaty meansa) asphyxiating, poisonous and other similar gases, and bacteriological methods of warfare
as specified in the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonousor other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, signed in Geneva on 17 June 1925
and promulgated by Law-Decree 20 of 1955,b) bacteriological (biological) and toxin weapons as defined in Article 1 of the Convention
on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological(Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction, adopted by the United Nations
Organisation during its 26th session on 10 December 1971 and promulgated by Law-Decree
11 of 1975,c) those specified in the following Protocols attached to the Convention on Prohibitions or
Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons which may be deemed to be
Excessively Injurious or to have Indiscriminate Effects, signed in Geneva on 15 October 1980
and promulgated by Law-Decree 2 of 1984,ca) weapons causing injuries in the human body by fragments which escape detection by Xrays as defined in Protocol I,cb) mines, remotely-delivered mines, anti-personnel mines, booby-traps, and other devices
as defined in Article 2 (1) to (5) of Amended Protocol II, as promulgated by Act CXXXIII of
1997,cc) incendiary weapons as defined in Article 1 (1) of Protocol III,cd) blinding laser weapons as defined in Article 1 of Protocol IV,d) chemical weapons and riot control agents as defined in Articles 2 (1) and (7) of theConvention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use ofChemical Weapons and on their Destruction, signed in Paris on 13 January 1993 andpromulgated by Act CIV of 1997,e) anti-personnel mines as defined in Article 2 (1) of the Convention on the Prohibition of
the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Mines and on their
Destruction, signed in Oslo on 18 September 1997 and promulgated by Act X of 1998,f) cluster munitions and explosive bomblets as defined in Articles 2 (2) and 2 (13),respectively, of the Convention on Cluster Munitions promulgated by Act XI of 2012;
24. assembly means an assembly falling within the scope of the Act on the right ofassembly;
24a. public event means an event with the exception of an assembly, that is open to allmembers of the general public under the same terms and conditions;25. prostitution means engaging in sexual acts for regular gain;
26. a violent criminal offence against a person meansa) genocide [section 142 (1)], crime against humanity [section 143 (1)], apartheid [section
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b) violence against a parlementaire (section 148), violence against protected persons[sections149 (1) to (2) and (4)], other war crimes (section 158),c) homicide [section 160 (1) to (3) and (5)], homicide in the heat of passion (section 161),
causing bodily harm [section 164 (3) to (6) and (8)],d) kidnapping [section 190 (1) to (4)], trafficking in human beings [section 192 (1) to (6)],forced labour (section 193), violation of personal freedom (section 194), coercion (section
195),e) sexual coercion (section 196), sexual violence [section 197 (1) to (4)],f) violation of the freedom of conscience and religion (section 215), violence against amember of a community [section 216 (2) to (3)], violation of the freedom of association andassembly [section 217 (1)],g) changing the constitutional order by force [section 254 (1)], riot [section 256 (1) to (2)],h) assault while acting as a public officer [section 301 (1) to (2)], assault while acting as aperson performing public duties [section 302 (1) to (2)], coercive interrogation [section 303(1) to (2)], unlawful detention (section 304),
i) violence against a public officer [section 310 (1) to (3) and (5)], violence against a person
performing public duties (section 311), violence against a person assisting a public officer or aperson performing public duties (section 312), violence against an internationally protected
person [section 313 (1)],j) terrorist act [section 314 (1) to (2)], unlawful seizure of a vehicle [section 320 (1) to (2)],k) robbery [section 365 (1) to (4)], extortion (section 367), self-administered justice [section
368 (1) to (2)],l) qualified cases of mutiny [section 442 (2) to (6)], violence against a military superior or aserving officer [section 445];
27. sexual act means intercourse and any seriously indecent act, which is capable of, ordirected at, arousing, maintaining, or satisfying sexual desires;
28. a criminal offence shall be regarded as committed regularly for generating income if theperpetrator seeks to make regular gain from committing criminal offences of the same orsimilar kind;
29. a person shall be deemed incapable of self-defence if he is unable to exert resistancetemporarily or permanently due to his state or condition;
30. protected cultural goods shall also include cultural goods that are declared to beprotected;
31. the perpetrator of an intentional criminal offence shall be considered a recidivist if he
has already been sentenced to imprisonment to be served for committing an intentional
criminal offence, and the period between his sentence being served, or its enforceability being
terminated, and the perpetration of the new criminal offence is shorter than three years;a) a recidivist shall be considered a special recidivist if he committed the same criminal
offence or similar criminal offences both times;b) a person shall be considered a multiple recidivist if he has already been sentenced to
imprisonment to be served as a recidivist before committing the intentional criminal offence,and the period between his last sentence being served, or its enforceability being terminated,
and the perpetration of the new criminal offence punishable by imprisonment is shorter than
three years;c) a multiple recidivist shall be considered a violent multiple recidivist if he committed aviolent criminal offence against a person on all three occasions;32. an internationally protected person means a foreign public officer who enjoys immunity
based on international law under a relevant international treaty.
(2) For the purpose of this Act, a cohabitant shall also mean a registered partner.
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(3) For the purpose of this Act, an allied armed force and humanitarian activities,
peacekeeping, and humanitarian operations conducted in a foreign operational area shall havethe same meaning as specified in the Act on national defence and the Hungarian Defence
Forces.
(3a) For the purposes of this Act, rank means the actual rank of a member of the Hungarian
Defence Forces on active service, or the rank determined based on the service position gradeand pay grade of a member of the professional personnel of the Police, the Parliamentary
Guard, the prison service, a professional disaster management organ, or a civil national
security service.
(4) For the purpose of this Act, data classified as top secret, secret, confidential or restrictedmeans classified national or foreign data as defined in the Act on the protection of classified
data.
(5) For the purposes of this Act,a) a third-country national means a person defined as such under the Act on the entry andresidence of third-country nationals,b) permission to carry out gainful activities means a residence permit specified in the Act on
the entry and residence of third-country nationals, which authorises the third-country nationalto engage in a gainful activity;(6) For the purposes of this Act, value, damage or pecuniary loss shall be considereda) smaller if its amount ranges from fifty thousand and one to five hundred thousand forints,b) larger if its amount ranges from five hundred thousand and one to five million forints,c) significant if its amount ranges from five million and one to fifty million forints,d) particularly large if its amount ranges from fifty million and one to five hundred million
forints,e) particularly significant if its amount exceeds five hundred million forints.
Section 460 (1) For the purpose of Chapter XIV, a protected person means a person who is
not involved in the hostilities directly, and in particulara) a member of the armed forces, who lays down his weapon and surrenders while retreatingfrom the hostilities;b) a person who is clearly unfit for combat due to illness, injury, capture, or another reason,or clearly retreated from the hostilities;c) the personnel of a humanitarian aid or peacekeeping mission working under the Charterof the United Nations if they are entitled to the protection given to civilian persons andfacilities under the international law of armed conflicts;d) a civilian person if, and as long as, he does not participate in the hostilities directly.
(2) For the purposes of Chapter XXVI,a) a disciplinary matter means a procedure, for which the behaviours constituting
disciplinary offences, the detailed rules of the procedure, and the applicable disciplinary
punishments are determined by an Act;b) a civil matter shall also include cases pending before an arbitration court.
Section 461 (1) For the purpose of sections 176 to 180, the quantity of a drug shall beconsidered small ifa) the amount of pure active substance, specified in a base form, does not exceedaa) 0.001 gram for LSD,ab) 0.1 gram for psilocybin,ac) 0.2 gram for psilocin,ad) 0.5 gram for amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDPV, and alpha-PVP,ae) 0.8 gram for dihydrocodeine,151Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code (as in force on 1 January 2020)
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af) 0.6 gram for heroin,ag) 0.9 gram for morphine,ah) 1 gram for ketamine, codeine, MDA, MDMA, N-ethyl-MDA (MDE), MBDB, 1-PEA,
N-methyl-1-PEA, mCPP, methadone, 4-fluoramphetamine, and pethidine,ai) 1.5 gram for mephedrone, methylone and 4-MEC,aj) 2 gram for cocaine,ak) 3 gram for BZP,al) 0.4 gram for pentedrone,b) the amount of pure active substance, specified in an acidic form, does not exceed 7.5
gram for GHB,c) the amount of THC present in a pure or acidic form (total THC) does not exceed 6 gramsfor tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)d) the amount of pure active substance does not exceedda) 6.2 gram for GBL,db) 0.05 gram for AB-CHMINACA, MDMB-CHMICA, AM-2201, AB-PINACA, ABFUBINACA, and ADB-FUBINACA.
(2) For the purpose of sections 176 to 180, the quantity of drugs shall be considered small if
the number of cannabis plants does not exceed five.
(3) For the purpose of sections 176 to 180, the quantity of a drug specified in paragraphs (1)to (2) shall be considereda) significant if it exceeds the maximum limit of small quantity for the given drug by twenty
times,b) particularly significant if it exceeds the maximum limit of small quantity for the given
drug by two hundred times.
(4) For the purpose of sections 176 to 180, the quantity of a drug not specified in paragraphs(1) to (2) shall be considereda) small if the amount of pure active substance does not exceed the average effective doseof a non-accustomed user by seven times,b) significant if the amount of pure active substance exceeds the average effective dose of a
non-accustomed user by one hundred forty times,c) particularly significant if the amount of pure active substance exceeds the average
effective dose of a non-accustomed user by one thousand four hundred times.
Value thresholds and infraction cases of certain criminal offences
Section 462 (1) It shall not constitute a criminal offence ifa) a pecuniary loss caused by mismanagement does not exceed one hundred thousand
forints,b) the damage caused by the abuse of social security, social or other welfare benefit does
not exceed fifty thousand forints.
(2) It shall not constitute a criminal offence but an infraction ifa) the damage caused by vandalism or fraud does not exceed fifty thousand forints,b) theft, embezzlement, unlawful appropriation, or handling stolen goods is committed for avalue of less than fifty thousand forints,c) the pecuniary loss caused by misappropriation does not exceed fifty thousand forints,d) the violation of copyrights or related rights isda) committed for not more than one hundred thousand forints’ worth of blank media fee or
reprography fee,db) causing pecuniary loss in the amount of not more than one hundred thousand forints,

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e) the pecuniary loss caused by the violation of industrial property rights does not exceed
one hundred thousand forints,f) the placing poor-quality products on the market or the imitation of competitors iscommitted for a value of less than one hundred thousand forints.
(3) It shall not constitute a criminal offence but a customs infraction if the pecuniary loss
caused by committing budget fraud does not exceed one hundred thousand forints.
(4) It shall constitute a criminal offence if the accumulateda) value of the thing or the damage or pecuniary loss caused exceeds the amount specifiedin paragraph (2) a) to c) in the case of identical infractions against property,b) amount of the empty carrier fees or reprography fees exceeds the amount specified inparagraph (2) d) in the case of violation of copyright or related rights,c) pecuniary loss caused by the violation of industrial property rights exceeds the amountspecified in paragraph (2) e),d) value of the product or goods exceeds the amount specified in paragraph (2) f) in the caseof placing poor-quality products on the market or imitation of competitors,e) pecuniary loss caused by a customs infraction exceeds the amount specified in paragraph(3),
when such offences are committed by the same perpetrator within a period of one year andare adjudicated jointly.
(5) The infringements of the violation of copyright or related rights committed by the same
perpetrator and adjudicated jointly shall constitute a criminal offence if one or more
copyrights or related rights, existing under the Act on copyright, of one or more other persons
are violated causing pecuniary loss in an amount exceeding the amount determined inparagraph (2) d).
Entry into force
Section 463 This Act shall enter into force on 1 July 2013.
Repealing provisions
Section 464
Compliance with the law of the European Union
Section 465 (1) This Act serves the purpose of compliance with the law of the European
Union as follows:a) section 26 (2)aa) and Chapter XIX with Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of theCouncil of 13 December 2011 on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation ofchildren and child pornography, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA,ab) and section 192 with Directive 2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and of theCouncil of 5 April 2011 on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings andprotecting its victims, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/629/JHA,b) sections 176 to 177 with Council Framework Decision 2004/757/JHA of 25 October
2004 laying down minimum provisions on the constituent elements of criminal acts andpenalties in the field of illicit drug trafficking,c) sections 209 and 356 with Directive 2009/52/EC of the European Parliament and of theCouncil of 18 June 2009 providing for minimum standards on sanctions and measures against
employers of illegally staying third-country nationals,

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d) sections 241 to 243 and 249 with Directive 2008/99/EC of the European Parliament andof the Council of 19 November 2008 on the protection of the environment through criminallaw,e) sections 290 to 291 with Council Framework Decision 2003/568/JHA of 22 July 2003 on
combating corruption in the private sector,f) section 375 and Chapter XLIII with Directive 2013/40/EU of the European Parliamentand of the Council of 12 August 2013 on attacks against information systems and replacing
Council Framework Decision 2005/222/JHA,g) section 389 with Articles 3 to 6 of Council Framework Decision 2000/383/JHA of 29
May 2000 on increasing protection by criminal penalties and other sanctions against
counterfeiting in connection with the introduction of the euro,h) sections 392 to 394 with Articles 2, 4 and 6 of Council Framework Decision
2001/413/JHA of 28 May 2001 combating fraud and counterfeiting of non-cash means of
payment,i) sections 399 to 400 with Directive 2005/60/EC of the European Parliament and of theCouncil of 26 October 2005 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the
purpose of money laundering and terrorist financing,j) sections 410 to 411 and 414 with Directive 2014/57/EU of the European Parliament andof the Council of 16 April 2014 on criminal sanctions for market abuse (market abusedirective),k) sections 72 to 76 with Directive 2014/42/EU of the European Parliament and of theCouncil of 3 April 2014 on the freezing and confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds ofcrime in the European Union,l) section 219 with Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal
data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection orprosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the freemovement of such data, and repealing Council Framework Decision 2008/977/JHA,m) sections 3, 10, 12, 14, 31, 63, 72 to 77, 80, 314 to 318/A, 319 and 331 with Directive(EU) 2017/541 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2017 on
combating terrorism and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA andamending Council Decision 2005/671/JHA,n) section 185/A with Directive (EU) 2017/2103 of the European Parliament and of theCouncil of 15 November 2017 amending Council Framework Decision 2004/757/JHA inorder to include new psychoactive substances in the definition of ‘drug’ and repealing Council
Decision 2005/387/JHA.
(2) This Act contains provisions for the implementation of the law of the European Union as
follows:a) sections 182 to 183 foraa) Regulation (EC) No 273/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11
February 2004 on drug precursors andab) Council Regulation (EC) No 111/2005 of 22 December 2004 laying down rules for themonitoring of trade between the Community and third countries in drug precursors,b) section 327 for
1. Article 5 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 3541/92 of 7 December 1992 prohibiting thesatisfying of Iraqi claims with regard to contracts and transactions the performance of which
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2. Article 5 of Council Regulation (EC) No 3275/93 of 29 November 1993 prohibiting thesatisfying of claims with regard to contracts and transactions the performance of which wasaffected by the United Nations Security Council Resolution 883 (1993) and related
resolutions,
3. Article 5 of Council Regulation (EC) No 1264/94 of 30 May 1994 prohibiting thesatisfying of claims by the Haitian authorities with regard to contracts and transactions theperformance of which was affected by the measures imposed by or pursuant to United
Nations Security Council resolutions 917 (1994), 841 (1993), 873 (1993) and 875 (1993),
4. Article 5 of Council Regulation (EC) No 1733/94 of 11 July 1994 prohibiting thesatisfying of claims with regard to contracts and transactions the performance of which wasaffected by the United Nations Security Council Resolution 757(1992) and related
resolutions,
5. Article 8 of Council Regulation (EC) No 2488/2000 of 10 November 2000 maintaining afreeze of funds in relation to Mr Milosevic and those persons associated with him andrepealing Regulations (EC) Nos 1294/1999 and 607/2000 and Article 2 of Regulation (EC)No 926/98,
6. Article 9 of Council Regulation (EC) No 2580/2001 of 27 December 2001 on specificrestrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities with a view to combating
terrorism,
7. Article 10 of Council Regulation (EC) No 881/2002 of 27 May 2002 imposing certain
specific restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities associated with
Usama bin Laden, the Al-Qaida network and the Taliban, and repealing Council Regulation(EC) No 467/2001 prohibiting the export of certain goods and services to Afghanistan,
strengthening the flight ban and extending the freeze of funds and other financial resources inrespect of the Taliban of Afghanistan,
8. Article 15 of Council Regulation (EC) No 1210/2003 of 7 July 2003 concerning certain
specific restrictions on economic and financial relations with Iraq and repealing Regulation(EC) No 2465/96,
9. Article 6 of Council Regulation (EC) No 1727/2003 of 29 September 2003 concerning
certain restrictive measures in respect of the Democratic Republic of Congo,
10. Article 11 of Council Regulation No 234/2004 of 10 February 2004 concerning certain
restrictive measures in respect of Liberia and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1030/2003,
11. Article 12 of Council Regulation (EC) No 314/2004 of 19 February 2004 concerning
certain restrictive measures in respect of Zimbabwe,12. Article 13 of Council Regulation (EC) No 798/2004 of 26 April 2004 renewing the
restrictive measures in respect of Burma/Myanmar and repealing Regulation (EC) No
1081/2000,
13. Article 12 of Council Regulation (EC) No 872/2004 of 29 April 2004 concerning further
restrictive measures in relation to Liberia,
14. Article 11 of Council Regulation (EC) No 1763/2004 of 11 October 2004 imposing
certain restrictive measures in support of effective implementation of the mandate of theInternational Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY),
15. Article 8 of Council Regulation (EC) No 174/2005 of 31 January 2005 imposing
restrictions on the supply of assistance related to military activities to Côte d’Ivoire,
16. Article 12 of Council Regulation No 560/2005 of 12 April 2005 imposing certain
specific restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities in view of thesituation in Côte d'Ivoire,

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17. regarding the goods specified in Annex II., Article 17 of Council Regulation (EC) No
1236/2005 of 27 June 2005 concerning trade in certain goods which could be used for capital
punishment, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment,
18. Article 10 of Council Regulation (EC) No 1183/2005 of 18 July 2005 imposing certain
specific restrictive measures directed against persons acting in violation of the arms embargo
with regard to the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
19. Article 10 of Council Regulation (EC) No 1184/2005 of 18 July 2005 imposing certain
specific restrictive measures directed against certain persons impeding the peace process andbreaking international law in the conflict in the Darfur region in Sudan, ,20. Article 9 of Council Regulation (EC) No 305/2006 of 21 February 2006 imposing
specific restrictive measures against certain persons suspected of involvement in theassassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri,
21. Article 9 of Council Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 of 18 May 2006 concerning
restrictive measures against President Lukashenko and certain officials of Belarus,
22. Article 13 of Council Regulation (EC) No 817/2006 of 29 May 2006 renewing the
restrictive measures in respect of Burma/Myanmar and repealing Regulation (EC) No
798/2004,
23. Article 14 of Council Regulation (EC) No 329/2007 of 27 March 2007 concerning
restrictive measures against the Democratic People's Republic of Korea,
24. Article 15 of Council Regulation (EU) No 356/2010of 26 April 2010 imposing certain
specific restrictive measures directed against certain natural or legal persons, entities orbodies, in view of the situation in Somalia,
25. Article 14 of Council Regulation (EU) No 667/2010 of 26 July 2010 concerning certain
restrictive measures in respect of Eritrea,
26. Article 47 of Council Regulation (EU) No 267/2012 of 23 March 2012 concerning
restrictive measures against Iran and repealing Regulation (EU) No 961/2010,
27. Article 13 of Council Regulation (EU) No 101/2011 of 4 February 2011concerning
restrictive measures directed against certain persons, entities and bodies in view of thesituation in Tunisia,
28. Article 17 of Council Regulation (EU) No 204/2011 of 2 March 2011 concerning
restrictive measures in view of the situation in Libya,
29. Article 13 of Council Regulation (EU) No 270/2011 of 21 March 2011 concerning
restrictive measures directed against certain persons, entities and bodies in view of thesituation in Egypt,
30. Article 15 of Council Regulation (EU) No 442/2011 of 9 May 2011 concerning
restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria,c) sections 329 to 330 forca) Article 17 of Council Regulation (EC) No 1236/2005 of 27 June 2005 concerning tradein certain goods which could be used for capital punishment, torture or other cruel, inhumanor degrading treatment or punishment, regarding the goods specified in Annex III,cb) Article 24 of Council Regulation (EC) No 428/2009 of 5 May 2009 setting up a
Community regime for the control of exports, transfer, brokering and transit of dual-use
items,d) section 219 for Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal
data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data
Protection Regulation)(3) Section 216 (1) and (4) and sections 332 and 333 of this Act serve the purpose ofcompliance with Article 1 of Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA of 28 November

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2008 on combating certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by means ofcriminal law.

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